DATA ON NATIONAL HEALTH RESOURCES

OptometristsEmployed

in Health Services

UnitedStates=1968

Statistics are presented for both active and inactive optometrists

by demographic characteristics, education and training,and

general exposition of professional activities. Data are based on

information obtained from the National Vision and Eye Care

Manpower Surveys conducted in 1968 and 1969 and from a

mail survey of all optometrists conducted between September

and December 1968.

DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 73-1803

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Public Health Service

Health Services and Mental Health Administration

National Center for Health Statistics

Series 14

Number 8

Rockville, Md. March 1973
Vltai and Health Statistics-Series 14-No. 8

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OffIce, Washington, D.C. 20402

Price 75 cents domestic postpaid or 50 cents GPO Bookstore
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

THEODORE D. WOOLSEY, Director

EDWARD B. PERRIN, Ph.D., Deputy Director

PHILIP S. LAWRENCE, SC.D., Associate Director

OSWALD K. SAGEN, Ph.D., Assistant Director for Health Statistics Development

WALT R. SIMMONS, M.A., Assistant Director for Research a;d Scientific Deve~opment

JOHN J. HANLON, M.D., Medical Advisor

JAMES E. KELLY, D.D.S., Dental Advisor

EDWARD E. MINTY, Executive Officer

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Offiter

DIVISION OF HEALTH RESOURCES STATISTICS

SIEGFRIED A. HOERMANN, Director

PETER L. HURLEY, Deputy Director

HENRY S. MOUNT, Chiej Health Manpower Statistics Branch

G. GLORIA HOLLIS, Chief Health Facilities Statistics ~ranch

PETER L. HURLEY, Acting Chiej Family Planning Statistics Branch

GRACE K. WHITE, Chiej Hospital Discharge Survey &anch

COOPERATION OF THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Under the legislation establishing the National Health Survey, the Public

Health Service is authorized to use, insofar as possible, the services or

facilities of other Federal, State, or private Wencies.

In accordance with specifications established by the National Center for

Health Statistics, the Bureau of the Census, under a contractual arrangement, participated in planning the survey and collecting the data.

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 14-No. 8

DHEW-Publication No. (HSM) 73-1803

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72-600223
CONTENTS

Page

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Activity Status . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geographic Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Demo~aphic mdProfessiond Characteristics of Active Optometrists . . . . .

Type of Employment and Primay Activities of Active Optometrists . . . . .

AIIocation of Professional Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Listof Detailed Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix L Technical Notes on Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Background of This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Survey Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Data Collection and Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Response to the Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Imputation for Unknowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

State and National Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix II. Definitions of Certain Terms Used in This Report . . . . . . .

Demographic Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Terms Relating to Optometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix III. Survey Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

1

3

4

9

11

16

40

40

40

40

40

41

41

41

44

44

44

45

...

111
SYMBOLS

Data not available ---------------------------------------

Category not applicable ------------------------------

Quantity zero ---------------------------------------------

Quantity more than Obut less than 0.05----

Figure does not meet standards of

reliabilityy or precision ----------------------------

Data suppressed to comply with

confidentiality requirements ------------------

..-

. . .

0.0

*

#
OPTOMETRISTS EMPLOYED IN HEALTH SERVICES

Henry S. Mount, M.A., and Bettie L. Hudson, B.A.,

Division of Health Resources Statistics

INTRODUCTION

This is the fourth report in the series designed

to present statistics based on data collected from

the National Vision and Eye Care Manpower

Surveys conducted in 1968-69. The data were

collected by the U.S. Bureau of tie Census

under contract to the Division of Health Resources Statistics of the National Center for

Health Statistics. The earlier reports in this series

provide statistical data on opticians and ophthalmologists. The present report contains statistics

about optometrists derived from data collected

through a mail survey of all optometrists conducted between September and December 1968.

Data obtained from the Vision and Eye Care

Surveys were intended to serve two purposes:

first, to obtain needed information about the

personnel providing health care to persons with

vision and eye care problems; and second, to

obtain information concerning the characteristics of persons in three health manpower

o ccup at ions—ophthalmologists, optometrists,

and dispensing opticians.

Information supplied in this report is designed

to present statistics about the demographic characteristics of optometrists, the education and

tmining they have received, and a general exposition of their professional activities. Statistics are

presented for both active and inactive optometrists. Most of the questionnaire was concerned

with the professional activities of practicing

opt ometrists, termed “active” optometrists.

Only a limited set of questions was applicable to

inactive persons. The report therefore presents

information primarily about the active optometrists.

Future reports, based on data obtained from

optometrists, will examine in greater detail the

kinds and amounts of their professional activities and the numbers and types of support

personnel that assist them.

Findings from the survey are discussed in the

text. The bulk of the statistical data is contained

in the detailed tables 1-16. Technical information about the methodology employed in the

survey is found in appendix I. Demographic and

optometric terms used in the report are defined

in appendix II, and the optometrist questionnaire used in the survey is reproduced in

appendix 111.

ACTIVITY STATUS

In 1968 there were 20,301 civilian optometrists in the United States. Active optometrists

numbered 18,427, or 91 percent of the total.

Inactive optometrists were almost evenly divided

between those who were neither active nor

retired (termed “inactive but not retired”), and

those who were retired. The respective numbers

were 951 and 922 for the inactive but not

retired and the retired.

Primarily, it is men who practice optometry.

Women represented only 3 percent of all optometrists in the United States (table A). In terms of

the active optometrists, they represented only 2

percent. The decrease in the percentage was due

1
Table A. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by sex, age at time of survey, and age at graduation,

according to activity status: United States, 1968

Sex, age at time of survey, and age at graduation

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total,bothsexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total,allagesattimeofsurvey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under25years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total,all agesatgraduation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under23years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-26years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total

Activity status

*

Number of optometrists

20,30111 18,427 I 951 I

922

100.0

97.1

2.9

100.0

0.4

10.2

27.8

34.4

14.1

8.8

4.4

100.0

18.0

24.4

19.3

19.5

12.8

6.1

Percent distribution

100.0

97.9

2.1

100.0

0.4

11.0

29.5

36.2

14.2

6.6

2.2

100.0

17.2

24.7

19.7

20.0

12.7

5.8

100.0

86.2

13.8

100.0

0.6

4.5

22.3

31.1

15.6

14.9

11.1

100.0

28.6

24.3

13.2

12.7

12.4

8.8

100,0

93,0

7,0

100.0

0.2

0.1

0.6

2.9

9.8

46.1

40.3

100.0

24.2

18,0

16.8

16.6

14.4

10.1

to the fact that 33percent ofall female optome- porarily or permanently-from active participatrists were either retired members of the profes- sion in the profession in favor of full-time

sion orinactive butnot retired. participation k family activities. What is not as

Females, while representing only 3 percentof easy to explain, however, is the large percentage

all optometrists, represented 14 percent of the of retired females. Some of these women may

inactive but not retired and 7 percent of the have classified themselves as “retired” instead

retired. It is not difficult to explain the large of as “inactive but not retired.’’ They may have

percentage of inactive but not retired females. done this because they do notplan to become

They well may have removed themselves-tem- active in optometry.

2
As would be expected, the vast majority of

retired optometrists was 65 years of age or

over–86.4 percent in 1968 (table A). An additional 9.8 percent were between the ages of 55

and 64.

The age distributions of the active and inactive optometrists were different in several significant details (table A). Active optometrists were

more concentrated in the younger groups (under

55 years of age). This is as would be expected.

There was a large concentration of inactive

optometrists among persons 65 years of age and

over. At least some of these could be classifying

themselves as “inactive but not retired” when in

fact they should be classifying themselves as

“retired.” Twenty-six percent of the inactive but

not retired group were 65 years of age or over.

We do not know precisely why members of this

group identified themselves as “inactive but not

retired” instead of as “retired.” It will require a

special study to determine if they failed to

identify themselves as retired for significant

reasons.

There also appears to be a heavier concentration of inactive but not retired optometrists

among persons graduating at the earlier ages,

compared with active or retired optometrists

(table A). Among both the retired and active

groups, 42 percent graduated before age 25.

Among the inactive but not retired group, 53

percent graduated before age 25. A part of this

difference is undoubtedly due to persons who,

having completed at least part of their training,

decided that they were in the wrong profession.

Unfortunately, this survey was not designed to

elicit the depth of information about the inactive but not retired group that would permit a

more thorough examination or a detailed explanation of the reasons for the differences. Perhaps future studies will provide such information.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

Optometrists are unequally distributed geographically. In general, the distribution of optometrists is related to the distribution of the

population. Several distinctions exist, however,

between the two distributions.

The largest difference between the distribution of the population and that of optometrists occurs in the South Region. Only 22.4

percent of active optometrists practice in .tiis

region (table B).

Comparing the percentages of the population

with the percentages of optometrists in each

region leads to a single conclusion. Except for

the South, the rest of the United States has

larger percentages of the optometrist population

Table B. Percent distribution of the 1968 population and of optometrists by geographic region, according to activity

status: United States, 1968

Optometrists

1968

Geographic region civilian Inactive

population Total Active but not Retired

retired

Percent distribution

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 26.0 25.8 30.9 25.2

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 32.3 31.9 36.2 36.6

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 21.8 22.4 16.0 15.8

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 19.9 19.9 16.9 22.5

3
than it does of the civilian population (table B).

The effect is that the South has a much smaller

ratio of optometrists to the population than do

the other three regions. In fact the distribution

is skewed to such an extent that the South has

the only regional ratio below the national ratio

of 10.3 optometrists per 100,000 population.

The respective ratios for the four regions were

Northeast 11.0; North Central, 11.8; West,

12.3; and South, 7.2 per 100,000 population.

Precise reasons for this maldistribution will

have to be sought by others. One possible

explanation may be associated with the geographic distribution of schools of optometry.

Only two schools of optometry are located in

the South.

Maldistribution of optometrists also occurs on

the divisional and State levels.

The Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and

Pacific Divisions accounted for 58 percent of all

optometrists, yet these areas accounted for

only 51 percent of the population. Perhaps even

more significant is the fact that these three

divisions accounted for 68 percent of all inactive

but not retired optometrists. It is possible that

the large percentage of inactive but not retired

optometrists is related to a surplus of optometrists in these three divisions.

Thirty percent of the population is concentrated in four States—California, Illinois, New

York, and Pennsylvania, These four States contain 37 percent of all optometrists and 36

percent of active optometrists, but they have a

concentration of 56 percent of the inactive but

not retired group.

This heavy concentration of inactive but not

retired optometrists certainly suggests the need

for future study of the reasons for the inactivity

of these trained professionals. Their inactive

status may be the result of factors related to

maldistribution. If such is the case, then dissemination of knowledge about geographic areas

in need of optometrists might equalize the distribution and make use of the talents of this

particular group.

Figures 1 and 2 provide pictorial information

on the State by State distribution of optometrists and the ratio of optometrists to the population. Of the States with the largest concentrations of optometrists–Califomia, Illinois, Ohio,

Pennsylvania, and New York (figure 1)–ordy

one, Illinois, is among the States with the

highest ratio of optometrists to the population

(figure 2). The fact that schools in Illinois have

produced a large percentage of all trained optometrists may be a contributing factor in the

magnitude of the ratio for the State of Illinois.

Some indication of the changes that have

taken place in both the numbers of optometrists

and the ratios to the population since 1960 can

be obtained from a comparison with data

obtained from the decennial census. Because of

differences in the methods and definitions, comparability is not exact and should be examined

with caution.

In 1960, there were 16,044 employed

optometrists in the United States.1 According to

the survey in 1968 there were 18,427 active

opt ometrists. This would indicate an increase of

2,383 active optometrists in 8 years. Likewise,

in 1960, the number of employed optometrists

per 100,000 population was 8.9.2 In 1968 there

were 9.3 active optometrists per 100,000 population. Despite the difficulties of comparing the

two sets of figures, it seems that an increase,

both in the absolute number and ratio of optometrists to the population, has taken place. However, because of the differences previously mentioned, it is not possible to speculate how much

of an increase has, in fact, taken place.

DEMOGRAPHIC AND PROFESSIONAL

CHARACTER ISTICS OF ACTIVE

OPTOMETRISTS

The current age distribution of optometrists

has certain implications for the future number

of optometrists that will be available to provide

care to persons with vision and eye care problems in the years to come.

At the time of the survey, the median age of

all active optometrists was 47.5 years. This

median will change, over time, because of the

current age distribution of active optometrists.

lDivision of Public Health Methods: Health Manpower

Source Book, Section 17, Industry and Occupation Data I+om

the 1960 Census, by State, by R. A. Prindle and M. Y. PennelL

PHS Pub. No. 263, sec. 17. Public Health Service. Washington.

U.S.GovernmentPrinting Office,1963.p. 43.

21bid.

4
El n

,..’::,...:::,.,: .::::..-:. :: : ..;::,.,.::, .

,..! .................. ...,.,,,

:.:.: .............................

H:::,...::,.;:::,...::,.,.:::,.:::

“:”.’. . .. .... .. . : :‘..:::+:., ... +:...:.:.

1-99 100-199 200-399 400-799 800or more

Figure 1. Number of active optometrists by State: United States, 1968.

Optometrists under 40 years of age comprised

onlv’ 22 ~ercent of all a&ive opt;metris~s. At

the ‘same ~ime, those between th~ ages of 40 and

54 comprised 55 percent of the active optometrists. In terms of numbers, the two groups

were composed of 4,037 of the former, and

10,152 of the latter. (The age distributionOf

active optometrists is shown in figure 3.) In

effect, the younger group represents only 40

percent of the older group.

Because of the large concentration of active

optometrists in the 15-year age group–

40-54—the median age of active optometrists

will probably rise over the next decade and then

begin to decline. This is based on the assumption

that the number of optometrists that will replace the current

numerically large

attrition that will

40-to-54-year group are not

enough to offset the rate of

take place in the older group

because of retirement or death.

Without some increase in the rate of entry of

new professionals (or an influx at the older

ages), it is also to be expected that the total

number of active optometrists will begin to

decline as soon as those currently 40-54 years of

age reach retirement age. Another factor in the

expected decline is that the group under 40

years of age is too small to replace the older

group as the older group becomes inactive.

The geographic distribution of optometrists is

also related to their ages. Data presented in table

C attest to such a relationship. It is particularly

5
n m~+:~::::j:::::::::::: ...+..::::::::~:\ ::::::::::,:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.

4.0-6.9 7.0-8.9 9.0-10.9 11.0-12.9 13.0.15.9

Figure 2. Number of active optometrists per 100,000 population: United States, 1968.

evident in the West Retion. Active optometrists of females in the older age groups of active

in the West Region r~presented a s“mallerpercentage of the active optometrists in each age

group as the ages of the optometrists rose.

Data in table C indicate that a dichotomy

exists in the geographic distribution of active

optometrists. Older optometrists are concentrated in the Northeast and North Central Regions.

Younger ones are concentrated in the South and

West. The fact that urbanization has been established to a greater extent in the Northeast and

North Central Regions, for a longer period of

time, may account for the greater concentration

of older optometrists in these regions.

Sex and age are also related. A larger percentage of males than females are in the younger age

groups; conversely there is a greater percentage

optometrists. Among the males, 41 percent were

under age 45 as compared with only 31 percent

of the females. The male-female percentages

were 23 and 32, respectively, for those 55 years

of age and over.

The number of States in which each active

optometrist was licensed to practice was another

relationship found to be associated with the ages

of the optometrists. The median number of

States for all active optometrists was 1.66. The

median number for those in specific age groups

varied inversely with the ages of the groups.

Among the youngest (under 35 years of age),

the median number of States was 1.80, while

among those 75 years of age or more, the

median was down to 1.54. The implications are

6
Ags In vows

Undw 30

30.34

3W3

40.44

4649

5044

56.59

ao.84

66.69

7’””’0’’”

70-74 F

U_u_LuJ o 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000

NUMBER OF ACTIVE OPTOMETRISTS

Figure 3. Number of active optometrists by age: United States,

1968.

as follows: Younger optometrists are acquiring

licenses in more States than their older counterparts; older optometrists are relinquishing licenses previously held; or a combination of the

two types of actions. Regardless of the reasons,

it is evident that younger, active optometrists are

licensed to practice in more States than are older

members of the profession.

To be licensed in 1968, optometrists must

have completed varying periods of training depending on the State(s) in which they were

licensed. Thirteen States and the District of

Columbia required optometrists to have a minimum of 6 years of preoptometry and professional optometry training; 26 States required at

least 5 years; the remaining 11 States required 3

or 4 years of training in such programs.3

Training for optometry took place in the

schools of optometry scattered throughout the

3NatiO~*l centerfor Health Statistics state Licensing of

Health occupations. PHS Pub. No. 1758. Pubfic Health Service.

Washington, U.S.Government PrintingOffice, 1968. p. 86.

country. (At the time of the survey, there were

10 accredited colleges of optometry in the

United States.)4 However, the majority of optometrists currently active obtained their training in a limited number of such schools. About

sixty-three percent of all active optometrists

were trained in the following five schools:

Percent of

Place of training alI activa

optometrists

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

r

63.4

Northern I Ilinois College,

Chicago, ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9

Southern College, Memphis, Term. . . . . . . . . . 12.8

Pennsylvania College, Philadelphia, Pa. . . . . . . . 12.2

Illinois College, Chicago, Ill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4

Los Angeles College, Los Angeles,

Calf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1

Earlier it was pointed out that Illinois was

among those States with both the largest number of optometrists and the highest ratio of

optometrists to the population. Two of the

schools of optometry listed above are located in

Illinois. Between them they trained almost onethird of all active optometrists. In all probability

the concentration of optometrists in Illinois is

related to the large percentage trained by

schools within that State.

A limited relationship was found to exist

between the ages of the optometrists and the age

at graduation from schools of optometry. Specifically, a dkect relationship was found to exist

between each group of optometrists of differing

ages and the percentages of each group graduating before age 23 (table D). Only 4 percent of

the optometrists under 35 years of age graduated before age 23. In contrast, 32 percent of

those 65 years of age and over graduated before

age 23.

Given this relationship and the fact that 89

percent of all active optometrists graduating

before age 23 obtained doctor of optometry

(0.D.) degrees, it would appear that future

recipients of the O.D. degree will almost all have

4Nationrd Center for Health Statistics HerdthManpowerand

Health Facilities, 1968. Health Resources Statistics. PHS Pub.

No. 1509. Pubfic Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government

Printing Office, 1968. p. 202.

7
Table C. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by geographic region, according to age: United States, 1968

Geographic region

All active optometrists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All ragions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I Number of active optometrists

18,427 2,087 5,433 6,669 2,617 1,622

Percent distribution

100.0

25.8

31.9

22.4

19.9

100.0

19.4

29.4

24.2

27.1

100.0 ] 100.0

T

25.2 24.9

28.5 33.2

24.0 23.3

21.2 18.6

I

100.0

31.5

34.1

17.6

16.9

100.0

30.5

34.1

19,1

16,3

Table D. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by age atgraduation, according toage at time of survey: United

States, 1868

Age at time of survey

Age at graduation

All

ages Under 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 years

35 years years years years and over

Number of active optometrists

Allactiveoptometrists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,427 2,087 5,433 6,669 2,617 1,622

r

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under23years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-26years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

17.2

24.7

19.7

19.9

12.7

5.8

Percent distribution

100.0

3.6

46.9

29.1

16.6

3.8

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

11.4 19.9 24.1 32.0

32.9 14.7 18.6 19.3

26.6 14.3 14.5 15,0

19.2 25.6 13.7 13.7

8.4 20.7 10.7 8.9

1.5 4.8 18.4 11.2

passed their23d birthday before obtaining their metrists who practiced in these three divisions,

degree. varied with the kind of degrees held. Of active

Three of the nine geographic divisions con- optometrists with O.D. degrees, 54 percent

tained 51 percent of the population–Middle practiced in these three divisions. ThcpcrcentAtlanticj East North Central, and Pacific. These ages for optometrists with Ph.D., M.A., and13.A.

divisions accounted for57 percentof theactive degrees were 73, 88, and 84, respectively, for

optometrists. However, the percentages ofopto- these three divisions.

8
TYPE OF EMPLOYMENT AND

PRIMARY ACTIVITIES OF

ACTIVE OPTOMETRISTS

Self-employment was the predominant form

of employment among active optometrists in

1968. Eighty-eight percent so classified themselves on the questionnaires. The remainder were

composed of 11 percent who were salaried and 1

percent who were self-classified as “other”

(donated services, unpaid family workers, and so

forth).

The percentages of males and females in

different forms of employment were sufficiently

different to warrant some discussion.

The first difference was in the percentages of

each sex that were self-employed. Of all active

males, 88 percent were self-employed as compared with 80 percent of the active females. For

both sexes, the vast majority was selfemployed; however, 20.3 percent of all active

female optometrists were salaried, opposed to

11.6 percent of all active male optometrists.

The second difference concerns the percentages of each sex in the various categories of

self-employment, particularly the solo and partnership practice categories. The majority of both

sexes practices as solo practitioners; however,

the percentages of each sex differ considerably.

Among self-employed males, 84 percent were

solo practitioners. Among the self-employed

females, only 65 percent were solo practitioners.

In effect, almost 20 percent more of the ,males

who were self-employed than of females in the

same category were solo practitioners.

As opposed to 16 percent of self-employed

males who were in partnership or group practice,

35 percent of female optometrists who were

self-employed were in partnership or group practice. In effect, approximately 20 percent more

of the self-employed females were in partnership

practice than were self-employed males. The

respective percentages of the two sexes in partnership practice were 32 percent of the selfemployed females and only 13 percent of the

self-employed males; this leaves about 3 percent

of each in group practice.

The median age for salaried optometrists was

1.4 years less than that for self-employed optometrists (table E). The distributions of percentages for the two gyoups by age indicate

that the difference in the medians was due

Table E. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists

by age, according to type of employment, with median age:

United States, 1968

Age

Al I activa optometrists . .

All ages . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 35years . . . . . . . . .

35-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . .

65yearsor more . . . . . . . .

Median age . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total

II Type of employment

Selfemployed

Salaried

and

other

Number of active optometrists

18,427 16,256 2,172

Percent distribution

100.0

—

11.3

29.5

36.2

14.2

8.8

47.5

100.0

10.3

29.8

36.9

14.3

8.7

47.7

100.0

—

19.1

26.7

30.7

13.7

9.7

46.3

entirely to the lamer concentration of o@ometrists under 35 ye~s of age among the &laried

group. Only 10.3 percent of the self-employed

optometrists were under 35 years of age. In

contrast, 19.1 percent of those salaried were

concentrated in this age group.

Concentration of a larger percentage of the

youngest optometrists in the salaried group is to

be expected. Not all of the new members of the

profession are able to go into business for

themselves. Undoubtedly, some of those entering the profession as salaried become selfemployed at a later time.

The median numbers of States in which active

optometrists were licensed to practice were also

calculated for optometrists in the various forms

of employment. The results are indicated in

figure 4. One group stands out from all others:

those employed by nonprofitmaking organizations.

Why should optometrists employed by nonprofitmaking organizations be licensed to practice in a larger number of States than those in

other types of employment? The median

number of States for those employed by nonprofit firms was from .05 to .11 percent greater

than the median for optometrists in all remaining forms of employment. Can it be that

9
1.77

1.76

1.75

1.74

1.73

1.72

1.71

1.70

1.69

1.68

1.67

1.66

1.65

1.64

0.0

solo . Partnership Group Government Optometrist Ophthalmologist Physician Profitmaking Nonprofitmaking Other

(nonmilitary) (nonophthal- organization organization

mologist)

A

SELF-EMPLOYEO BY SALARIEO ANO OTHER EMPLOYEO BY

TYPE OF PRACTICE TYPE OF EMPLOYER

1.77

1.76

1.76

1.74

1.73

1.72

1.71

1.70

1,69

1.66

1.67

1,66

1.65

1.64

0,0

Figure 4. Median number of States in which active optometrists were licensed to practice by type and form of employment: United

States, 1968.

optometrists employed by nonprofitmaking

organizations plan to remain for a shorter period

of time than those employed by others or

working for themselves? Such plans could then

also include maintaining more licenses to permit

a greater number of options when they do leave.

Future research is needed to determine answers

to these questions outside the province of this

study.

The primary activity of optometrists, unlike

some of the other health professionals, is restricted almost exclusively to general practice.

Specialization, for all practical purposes, is

almost nonexistent. Among active optometrists

95.8 percent listed general practice as their

primary activity. An additional 2 percent listed

contact-lens fitting as their primary activity.

Contact-lens fitting may take on increasing

significance with the passage of time. An inverse

relationship was found between contact-lens fitting, as a primary and secondary activity, and

the ages of active optometrists. Larger percentages of each of the younger groups of optometrists, when compared with the older groups,

listed contact-lens fitting either as their primary

or secondary activity. If such a condition continues, as new members enter the profession, the

number of specialists in contact-lens fitting

should grow and become increasingly important.

In 1968, more than one-half of all active optometrists listed contact-lens fitting as their secondary activity. It is probable that this percentage

will increase in the future.

The types and numbers of services active

optometrists rendered their patients were found

to be related to at least two of the previously

discussed variables. These variables were age and

form of employment.

Of the 14 specific services each active optometrist had the opportunity to check as one of

those he rendered to patients, a relationship was

found to exist between almost all of the types of

services provided’ and the ages of the optometrists. (For the list of services see the copy of the

questionnaire in appendix III.) Except for

“aniseikonic” and “dispensing and adjusting”

services, the number of active optometrists providing the services was found to be inversely

10
related to the ages of the optometrists. No

relationship was found between the ages of the

optometrists and the two exceptions.

In addition to examining the relationship

between the individual types of services rendered and the ages of the optometrists, the

number of different services rendered was also

examined to determine its relationship to the

ages of the optometrists. This was accomplished

by calculating the median number of different

services rendered by active optometrists in the

various 5-year age groups. The results are listed

below:

Age

Median number

of different

services rendered

Under 30years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 yaars. .. o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-69 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75years andovar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.52

10.06

9.75

9.02

8.90

8.34

8.04

7.44

6.59

5.91

5.22

As indicated by the table, there was an unbroken inverse relationship between the median

number of different services rendered and the

ages of the optometrists.

It is not surprising to find that when optometrists are older, they provide fewer services. As

they become older, they can afford to become

more selective and more specialized.

Self-employed optometrists generally provided a larger number of different services than

did salaried optometrists (figure 5). The median

numbers of different services provided by selfemployed optometrists ranged between 8.8 and

9.8. The range for salaried optometrists was 5.7

to 7.6 services.

Also worthy of note are the differences in the

median numbers of services provided by optometrists in the three forms of self-employed practices. Optometrists, in solo practice provided a

median number of 8.8 services. Both optometrists in partnership and group practice provided

about one more service according to their

median numbers which were 9.6 and 9.8 services, respectively. Optometrists in partnerships

and group practices may have been able to

render more services simply because there were

more optometrists available to provide the

added services within the practice. Within given

practices, there may be complementary specialties offered by the different members of the

partnership or group. Solo practitioners, however, must rely on themselves for all of the types

of services rendered.

Another factor that may be associated with

the numbers and types of services provided is

the presence or absence of support personnel. It

was found that the presence of support personnel is associated with younger optometrists. For

example, among active optometrists 25-34 years

of age, 86 percent employed support personnel,

whereas, only 46 percent of those 75 years of

age and over employed them.

The previous finding of an inverse relationship

between the age of the optometrist and the

number of services rendered may be interrelated

with the percentages employing support personnel. The implications of the presence of support

personnel will be examined in subsequent reports based on the data from this survey.

ALLOCATION OF PROFESSiONAL TIME

The number of hours per week and weeks per

year optometrists worked were also associated

with at least three characteristics of the active

optometrists or their employment. The three

characteristics were sex, age, and form of employment.

Larger percentages of male optometrists were

found to have worked both greater numbers of

weeks per year and greater numbers of hours per

week than did their female counterparts

(table F).

To facilitate the discussion and to increase the

clarity of the presentation, the following conventions are adopted for the discussion that

follows: 1-47 weeks per year worked will be

referred to as a “short year, ” while 48-52 weeks

worked will be referred to as. a “full year.”

Likewise, when the number of hours per week

worked was less than 35, it will be referred to as

“part time” and when 35 or more hours were

worked, it will be referred to as “full time.”

11
All forms of employment

Self-employad:

Solo practice

Partnership practice

Group practice

Employed bv

Government (nonmilitary)

Optometriata

Ophthalmologists

Physicians (nonophthalmologists)

Profitmaking firms

N,onprofitmaking organizations

Other

I I I I I I I I I I

o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

MEDIAN NUMBER

Figure 5. Median number of different services rendered topatients byactive optometris~ bytypeand form of employment: United

States, 1968.

Female optometrists represented 4.4 percent

of all optometrists working a short year but only

2.0 percent of those working a full year (table

F). While the percentages are small, they do

indicate that female optometrists represented a

larger percentage of the optometrists working a

short year compared with those working a full

year. In a similar manner, data presented in table

F also indicate that female optometrists were

more heavily represented among part-time as

opposed to full-time optometrists regardless of

whether they were working a short year or full

year. In effect, it appears that female optometrists are inclined to work fewer hours per week

and fewer weeks per year than male optometrists.

The number of hours per week and weeks per

year worked were likewise related to the ages

of the optometrists. Older optometrists tended

to work part time and a short year, while the

younger optometrists tended to work full time

and a full year (table F).

Similarly, the amount of time optometrists

spent working was also found to be related to

their form of employment. This was particularly

true among the self-employed optometrists

(table G). Self-employed, solo practitioners were

found to be most heavily represented among

optometrists working part time during the full

year. In contrast, those in partnerships and

group practices were most heavily represented

among the groups working full time and during a

short year.

At first glance this might appear to be somewhat of a contradiction; however, it may be

merely the interactive effect of other variables

12
Table F. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by sex and age, according to weeks per year and hours per week

worked: United States, 1968

1-47 weaks per year 48-52 weeks per year

All

Sex and age

Hours per week

active

Hours per week

optometrists Total

35 or

Tota I

1-34 1-34 35-40 41-48 :.;;

more

I

Number of active optometrists

All active optometrists . . . . . . . . . . 18,427 1,403 583 820 17,024 1,589 6,655 5,596 3,183

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aga:

Under35years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75yearsor more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0

97.9

2.1

11.3

29.5

36.2

14.2

6.6

2.2

100.0

95.6

4.4

5.8

20.7

28.2

18.7

19.9

6.8

such as the ages of the optometrists and the

number of optometrists available to serve patients that is responsible forthis pattern. In solo

practices, theoptometrists mayhaveto be available for a greater number of weeks per year

since there is no other optometrist available to

take care of the patients. However, these same

optometrists may be working fewer hours. As

was previously pointed out, older optometrists

are more heavily represented among the solo

practitioners, and being older, they tend to work

fewer hours.

Not all of the other characteristics of optometrists or their activities were found to be associated with the number of hours per week optometrists worked. The highest academic degree held

and the number of different services provided

were not found to be related to the number of

hours worked.

No association was found between the hours

per week worked and whether an optometrist

held as his or her highest degree an O.D., M.A.,

or B.A. degree. Similarly, no association was

found between the median number of different

100.0

91.9

8.1

2.2

13.2

20.9

18.7

33.0

12.0

Percent distribution

100.0

98.3

1.7

8.4

26.0

33.3

18.8

10.5

3.1

100.0

98.0

2.0

11.8

30.2

36.9

13.8

5.5

1.8

100.0

93.5

6.5

7.7

20.5

28.5

18.6

15.9

8.9

100.0

98.1

1.9

11.9

30.0

36.0

14.7

5.9

1.5

100.0

98.8

1.2

11.9

31.6

38.4

12.9

4.2

1.1

100.0

_

98.9

1.1

13.4

33.0

40.2

11.3

1.9

0.3

services provided and the number of hours per

week worked by the optometrists.

The highest degree held by an optometrist

was found to be related to the percentage of

time spent in optometric practice activities (as

opposed to teaching, research, administration,

and other activities). Of the optometrists holding different levels of degrees, the percentages

spending 100 percent of their time in optometric practice were as follows: O.D., 79; Ph.D.,

51; M.A., 72; and B.A., 80.

On the basis of this finding one might assume

that optometrists with Ph.D. degrees (but not

O.D. degrees) were probably devoting their time,

more exclusively, to teaching and research.

Such, however, was not the case. Not a single

optometrist with the Ph.D. as the highest degree

devoted 100 percent of his time to either research or teachihg. Some did, however, devote

some of their time to these activities, but in all

cases it was less than 100 percent.

Form of employment was found to be associated with the percentages of time spent by

13
Table G. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by type and form of employment, eccording to weeks per year and

hours per week worked: United States, 1986

Type and form of employment

All forms of employment . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Salariedandother ...,.... . . . . . . . . .

Total, self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All

active

optometrists

1-47 weeks per year I

48-52 weeks per year

Total

-tours per week

1 II

Hours per weak

35 or

Total

1-34 1-34

more

35-40 41-48 :.;;

Number of active optometrists

18,427 ]1,40311 583] 820117,024111,58916,65515,59613,183

100.0

88.2

11.8

16,256

Percent distribution

~

Number of active optometrists

1,217 489 728 15,039 1,408 5,849

Percent distribution

100.0 I 100.0

87.0 91.5

13.0 8.5

4,868 I

2,913

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I 100.0I100.011 100.01 100.0 [ 100.01] 100.0 I 100.01 100.0 I 100.0

Type of practice:

solo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.2

Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5

Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3

1

active optometrists in optometric practice activities. Among the self-employed, 80 percent of

the solo practitioners, and 73 and 69 percent,

respectively, of those in partnerships and group

practices spent 100 percent of their time in

optometric practice activities. Among optometrists employed by others, those working for

nonprofitmaking organizations had the smallest

percentage (41) and those working for other

optometrists had the largest percentage (W) of

their respective groups spending 100 percent of

their time in optometric activities.

The activities of optometrists working for

nonprofitmaking organizations differed from

those in other forms of employment in at least

one major aspect. More than one-fourth (27.9

percent) of all optometrists working for nonprofitmaking organizations spent no time whatever in optometric practice activities. This was at

least five times greater than the percentages

found for optometrists in any other form of

1! I I

1

w

I I I

I I

J-- 68.6 84.4

9.5 12.9

1.9 2.7 1

82.7 81.9

14.1 13.4

3.2 4.7

employment. Additional investigation determined that larger percentages of those working

for nonprofitmaking organizations were spending their time in teaching and/or research. It

would appear that this group represents the

academically oriented interests of the profession.

Ages of the optometrists have been shown to

be related to a number of other characteristics

associated with optometrists and their activities.

Specifically, age was related to the number of

hours per week worked. Therefore, it is not

surprising to have found that the number of

patients seen during a typical week by active

optometrists were also related to the ages of the

optometrists.

In general, the number of patients seen

weekly’ increased with the ages of the optometrists until it reached a peak when the optometrists were between the ages of 35 and 44 years.

It then declines steadily. This can be observed

14
Table H. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by number of patients seen weekly, according to age, with median

age of optometrists and median number of patients seen: United States, 1958

Years of age

Ail

Median

Number of patients seen weekly

ages Under 65 and

agesof

35

35-44 45-54 55-64 optometrists

over

I

Number of active optometrists

All active optometrists . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 18,427 2,087 5,433 6,669 2,617 1,622 47.5

I

Percent distribution

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

100.0

No patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under 25patients ..,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-49 patients, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-74patients .,....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75.99patients, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100patientsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0.7

22.2

37.4

20.2

9.4

10.2

Median numberofpatientsseen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 43.2

from the median numbers of patients seen

weekly presented at the bottom oftable H.The

medians in table H indicate—at least foroptometrists who saw between 1 and 99 patients

weekly–th’at the younger the optometrist, -tie

larger the numbers of patients seen per week.

In summary, we find, as one would most

probably expect, that the activities of optometrists reach a peak, insofar as patient care is

100.0

1.0

21.5

36.2

20.7

10.3

10.3

44.0

100.0I 100.0

0.6 0.5

16.2 18.5

37.3 38.8

22.9 21.0

11.0 9.9

12.1 11.1

47.3 I 44.5

100.0I 100.0 I

0.6

26.8

39.7

18.0

7.3

7.6

39.2

1.3

50.6

29.5

10.6

3.7

4.3

24.1

47.9

50.7

47.5

46.3

45.7

45.9

concerned, in the middle yeas of life and then

decline as the optometrist grows older. Undoubtedly, other relationships between the ages

of the optometrists and their activities will

emerge when subsequent reports based on data

from this survey are produced. Future reports

will treat in greater detail the clinical or optometric practice activities of optometrists and

their support personnel.

15
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

Table 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by activity status, according to area: United States and each

State, 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by activity status, according to age, sex, age at graduation, highest

degree achieved, andschool of graduation: United States, 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of optometrists per 100,000 population, by activity status and geographic location: United States, each

region,division,andState,1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of inactive but not retired and retired optometrists by age, according to

geographic location: United States, each region anddivision, l968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by age, according to area: United States and each State,

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of active optometrists byage, according to sex, principal form of employment,

highest degree achieved, ayatgraduation, andweeks peryear andhours perweek worked: United Statesr 1968 . .

Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by principal form of employment, according to area:

UnitedStatesandaachState,1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution ofactive optometrists by principal form ofemployment, according tosex, aga,

weeks per yaar and hours per week worked, percantof time spent indifferent activities, numbar of States licensed

in,andhighestdegraeachieved: UnitadStates,1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by weeks per year andhours perweek worked, according

toarea: UnitedStatesandeachState, 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by weeks per year andhours perweek worked, according

to sex, age, principal form of employment, highest degree achieved, and supplementary personnel assistance in

optometricpractice: United States, 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by percent oftimespent inoptometric practice activities,

according toarea: United States andeach State, 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .

Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by percent oftimespent inoptometric practice activities,

according to sex, age, principal form of employment, highest degree achiaved, and weeks per year and hours per

weekworked: United States, 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pege

18

19

20

21

22

24

26

27

29

31

33

34

16
Table 13.

14.

15,

16,

LIST OF DETAILED TABLES–Con.

Page

Numbar and percent distribution of activa optometrists by percent of time spent per week in taaching activities,

according to sex, age, principal form of employment, highest degree achieved, weeks per year and hours per week

worked, and geographic division of employment: United States, 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of activa optometrists by percent of time spent per week in optometric research

activities, according to sax, age, principal form of employment, highest degree achiaved, weeks per year and hours

per week worked, and geographic division of employment United States, 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by percent of time spent per week in administrative

activities, according to sax, age, principal form of employment, highest degree achieved, weeks per year and hours

per week workad, and geographic division of employment: United Statas, 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by age, according to primary activity, secondary activity,

patients seen weekly, services rendered to patients, and supplementary personnal assistance in optometric practice:

United States, 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35

36

37

38

17
Tablel. Number andpercent distribution ofoptometrists byactivity status, accordng to area: United States and each State, 1968

Area

Unitad States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alebama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gaorgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine ...,.,....,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Jerse y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhodelsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wkconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

m

Numberofoptometrists

20,301

192

18

130

154

2,492

199

267

39

86

533

278

68

92

1,920

539

380

250

238

240

125

194

814

772

400

129

481

95

172

38

71

7’05

73

1,801

342

77

1,034

260

302

1,313

143

162

102

324

820

86

39

284

386

158

463

43

18,427

180

17

127

161

2,242

188

260

35

71

493

263

64

86

1,616

510

336

229

229

223

116

176

719

708

354

121

432

89

155

36

70

875

71

1,598

322

72

942

247

273

1,145

132

155

94

296

752

74

38

274

356

147

429

41

951

5

#

#

125

#

4

#

4

22

8

#

#

202

9

10

5

5

8

#

9

61

30

20

4

19

3

3

#

#

13

#

101

17

35

6

7

105

6

#

4

13

31

5

#

3

14

#

5

#

922

8

#

3

#

124

#

3

#

11

18

7

#

#

102

21

14

16

3

9

#

10

34

33

26

4

26

3

14

#

#

17

#

101

3

5

57

6

21

63

6

#

3

16

37

7

#

7

26

#

18

#

=

Percent dk.tribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100,0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1000

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

90.8

93.5

94.1

97.5

97.8

90.0

94.6

97.3

90.9

83.1

92.4

94.3

93.8

93.9

84.2

84.6

93.4

91.5

96.4

93.0

92.4

90.5

88.4

91.7

88.5

93.5

89.9

93.2

90.1

94.3

98.5

95.7

97.2

88.7

94.0

94.0

91.1

95.1

90.5

87.2

92.2

96.0

92.6

91.2

91.8

86.3

97.2

96.5

89.9

,93,3

84.7

84.7

4.7

2,4

#

#

5.0

#

1.5

#

4.2

4.2

3.0

#

#

10.5

1,6

2,7

2.1

2.3

3.3

#

4.5

7.5

3.9

6.1

3.3

4.0

3.4

1,9

#

#

1.9

#

5.6

5.0

3.4

2.6

2.5

8.0

3.9

#

4.2

3.9

3,7

5.5

#

1.2

3,5

#

1.2

#

4.5

4.1

#

2.6

#

5,0

#

1.2

#

12.7

3.4

2.6

#

#

5.3

3,8

3,9

6.4

1.4

3.7

#

5.1

4.2

4,3

6.4

3.3

6.1

3.4

8.0

#

#

2.4

#

5,6

0.9

6,0

5.5

2.5

7,0

4.8

3.9

#

3.2

4,9

4,5

8,2

#

2.3

6,5

#

4.1

#

#Data suppressed to comply with confidentiality requirements,

18
Table2. Number and percent distribution of optometrists byactivi~status, according to~e, sex, a~atgraduation, highest degree

achieved, and school of graduation: United States. 1968

Characteristic

All optometrists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age:

Under 35years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35=14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age at graduation:

Under23years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23-24years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-26years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35yearsand ovar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Highest degree achieved:

Doctor ofoptometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachelor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

School of graduation:

Illinois College (lIl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lndiana University (lnd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Los AngelesCollege (Celif.) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts College (Mass.) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio Stata Univers.ity College (Ohio) . . . . . . .

Pacific University (Oreg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania College(Pa.) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Southern Collega(Tenn.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

University of California (Calif.) . . . . . . . . . .

University ofHouston(Tex.) . . . .. . . . . . . . .

University of Montreal (Canada) . . . . . . . . . .

Monroe College (Ill.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ChicagoCollege (lIl.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Northern lllinois College (ill.) . . . . . . . . . . .

University of Rochester (N. Y.) . . . . . . . . . . .

Needles lnstitute(lll.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

s

Number of optometrists

20,301

2,138

5,650

6,991

2,866

1,783

863

19,711

590

3,664

4,946

3,910

3,949

2,589

1,243

18,256

52

450

1,370

171

1,619

198

1,671

1,201

882

784

2,439

2,414

863

215

1,104

494

567

4,454

211

253

922

18,427

2,087

5,433

6,669

2,617

1,215

406

18,034

384

3,169

4,549

3,630

3,676

2,338

1,067

16,543

41

417

1,266

139

1#554

184

1,491

1,115

836

772

2,249

2,365

793

212

982

424

529

4,031

180

146

551

951

48

212

296

148

142

105

820

131

272

231

126

121

118

63

640

8

31

61

12

46

4

73

60

31

17

132

43

48

3

68

64

32

214

8

23

86

922

3

6

26

90

425

372

857

65

223

166

154

153

133

93

876

3

2

22

19

19

107

26

15

4

58

6

22

54

7

6

208

24

82

284

Total

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Activity status

Inactive

Active but not Retired

retired

Percent distribution

90.8

97.6

96.1

95.4

91.7

68.2

46.0

91.5

66.8

86.5

92.0

92.8

93.1

90.3

85.8

90.6

78.6

92.6

94.0

81.7

96.0

97.8

89.2

92.8

94.7

97.3

92.2

98.0

91.9

98.5

88.9

85.7

93.4

90.5

85.0

58.7

59.8

4.7

2.3

3.8

4.2

5.2

8.0

11.9

4.2

22.2

7.4

4.7

3.2

3.1

4.6

6.7

4.6

15.1

6.9

4.4

7.2

2.9

2.1

4.4

5.0

3.6

2.2

5.4

1.8

5.5

1.5

6.2

12.9

5.6

4.8

3.8

9.1

9.3

4.5

0.0

0.1

0.4

3.2

23.9

42.1

4.3

11.0

6.1

3.3

4.0

3.9

5.1

7.5

4.8

6.3

0.5

1.6

11.2

1.2

6.4

2.2

1.7

0.6

2.4

0.3

2.5

4.9

1.4

1.0

4.7

11.3

32.3

30.8

19
Table3. Num*rofoptmetiisS perlW,~pWlation, W*itiW*msand wqrWhicl-tion: Unite3Smt% each region, division, and Smtc,1968

Geographic location

United smtes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geographic region:

Northeas t, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

south . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

west . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geographic division:

N.%vEngland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastNorthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestNotiCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EastSoutiCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestSouthCentral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountai n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

state

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictOfColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..0.,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia .,.,.........,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hmvaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. : . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lwisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minn=Om . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

O-90n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RhodeIsland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ScuthC9r01ina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SmthDako@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...’..... . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texa s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Westvirglnla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~scOnsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SOURCE: U.S. Bumauofthe &nsus:CurmntPWu/at/oo R~om, Series PX, No.436.

II Actlvwstlltus

Total II Active

Inactivo

but not I

Retired

retired

10.3

11.0

11.B

7.2

12.3

12.9

10.4

12.0

11.5

7.1

6.S

7.s

9.7

13.1

5.5

7.4

S.o

7.s

13.3

9.9

9.1

7.4

10.9

5.7

6.2

9.6

13.0

17.6

10.7

13.0

11.1

7.6

6.6

13.0

5.3

15.1

5.9

10.9

6.6

10.5

13,8

12.0

5.7

10.1

10.1

7.5

9.9

6.8

12.6

9.8

10.4

15.1

11.2

16.2

6.3

16.6

5.3

7.6

5.4

9.1

6.4

12.3

S.7

10.s

13.5

my 1970.

Number of optometrists p%r100,000 population

9.3

9.9

10,6

6.8

11.2

11.8

9.3

10.7

10.5

6.6

6.4

7.2

8.1

11.8

5,2

7.0

7.8

7.7

11.9

9.4

8.S

6.7

9.0

5.1

5.9

S.9

12.2

14.s

10.1

12.1

10.1

7.2

6.1

12.0

4.6

13.3

5.2

9.7

5.2

9.5

12.9

10.s

B.2

10.0

9.6

7.3

B,8

6.4

11.6

S.9

9.9

13.7

9.8

15.0

6.0

14.2

7.6

7.0

7.2

S.9

6.2

11.1

S.1

10.2

12.9

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.2

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.6

0.1

0,1

0.7

0,1

0,1

0,4

0,6

0.4

0.2

0,1

0.1

1,9

0.2

0.4

0.2

0,2

0.2

0.2

0.2

1.1

0.3

0.5

0,2

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.6

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.4

0,9

0.7

0.2

0.6

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.1

0.4

0.4

0.1

0.6

0.s

0.6

0.2

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.7

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.7

0.4

0.1

0.2

1.4

0,3

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.9

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.1

0.2

0.7

0.3

0s

0.4

0.7

0.2

0.6

0.4

1.0

0,2

0.2

0.1

OE

0,1

0.s

0,6

0,2

1,1

0.5

0.7

0,6

0.4

0s

0.7

0,2

0.2

0.s

0.1

0.4

0.6

.

20
Table4. Number andpercent distribution of inactive butnotretired andretired optometrists byage, accordng togeographic location:

Unitad States, each region and division, 1968

All

Total,

inactive Under 45-64 65 years Total, Under inactive 65-74 75 years

but not 45 years years and over retired 65 years years optometrists and over

retired

Geographic location

Number of optometrists

United States . . . . . . . . 1,873 951 260 444 247 922 125 425 371

Geographic region:

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Central . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85

154

61

71

14

71

103

50

22

12

27

12

59

526

681

299

368

125

401

513

169

140

58

101

44

323

294

344

152

161

74

220

281

62

80

27

46

13

148

50.8

131

169

70

74

41

90

153

16

35

11

24

7

67

66

82

42

37

14

72

48

33

23

8

12

4

32

232

338

146

207

51

181

231

106

60

31

55

31

176

34

36

18

37

12

23

27

9

10

4

4

8

29

6.7

112

148

67

98

25

87

101

47

28

15

23

11

87

76

93

40

51

19

58

80

13

22

9

10

2

49

13.9

Geographic division:

New England . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic. . . . . . . . .

EastNorth Central . . . . . .

WestNorth Central . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . .

East South Central . . . . . .

West South Central . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I

Percent distribution

United States . . . . . . . . 100.0II 23.7 13.2 49.2 22.7 19.8

Geographic region:

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Central . . . . . . . . . .

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Waft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.3

12.0

14.0

10.1

11.2

18.0

9.4

19.5

16.4

13:7

11.9

9.0

9.9

44.1

49.6

48.8

56.3

40.8

45.1

45.0

62.7

42.9

53.4

54.5

70.5

54.5

6.5

5.3

6.0

10.1

9.6

5.7

5.3

5.3

7.1

6.9

4.0

18.1

9.0

21.3

22.2

22.4

26.6

16.2

22.0

20.4

19.3

100.0 55.9

100.0 50.5

100.0 50.8

100.0 43.8

14.4

13.7

13.4

13.9

15.2

14.5

15.6

7.7

15.7

13.8

9.9

4.6

15.2

24.9

24.8

23.4

20.1

32.8

22.4

29.8

9.5

25.0

19.0

23.8

15.9

20.7

Gaogrephic division:

New England . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic. . . . . . . . .

East North Central . . . . . .

West North Central . . . . . .

South Atlentic . . . . . . . . .

EastSouthCentral . . . . . .

West South Central . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

20.0 11.2

21.7 17.7

19.7 20.1

27.8 29.6

20.7 15.7

25.9 20.7

22.8 26.7

25.0 27.3

26.9 18.3

100.0 59.2

100.0 54.9

100.0 54.8

100.0 36.7

100,0 57.1

100.0 46.6

100.0 45.5

100.0 29.5

100.0 45.8

21
Tabla5. Number andpercent distribution ofactive optometrists by We, according toarea: United States andeach State, 1868

Area

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . .,, .,...,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massechusatts ...,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire ..,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJarsey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NawMexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina ...,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklehoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhoda Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

# Data suppressed to comply with confidentiality raquiremants.

All ages

18,427

180

17

127

151

2,242

168

260

35

71

493

263

64

66

1,616

510

336

228

228

223

116

175

719

7C%

354

121

432

88

155

36

70

675

71

1,598

322

72

942

247

273

1,145

132

155

94

288

752

74

38

274

356

147

428

41

Under

35 yaars years years

1 I t

Numberofactive optometrists

2,067

10

5

21

32

340

35

21

6

6

82

28

8

17

89

64

36

46

19

25

12

24

69

73

27

9

38

14

19

7

6

38

12

146

41

16

132

29

38

97

10

17

14

35

96

9

6

30

49

15

41

9

5,433

60

8

41

33

698

57

76

11

22

181

90

26

27

393

133

108

70

74

69

26

56

201

202

124

39

97

35

51

13

20

184

23

440

111

30

236

77

81

364

37

E6

25

100

192

25

9

66

107

48

126

14

6,669

77

#

37

49

771

58

90

14

31

158

97

16

28

687

180

124

66

88

80

41

66

276

265

131

53

164

27

52

11

23

270

30

491

117

21

319

86

88

400

56

58

37

102

307

27

15

114

120

48

167

#

2,617

20

#

#

17

256

16

54

#

5

48

37

9

10

312

76

43

18

26

26

25

15

114

123

29

14

53

9

17

16

119

#

306

32

#

156

26

40

164

22

12

9

35

101

8

#

22

66

21

51

5

1,621

12

#

20

177

21

20

#

7

24

11

4

4

135

37

2s

30

21

24

10

15

60

45

44

6

80

4

16

5

5

64

#

215

21

#

98

19

16

120

6

12

10

24

56

5

#

20

26

16

33

#

22
Table5. Number andpercent distribution ofactive optometrists byage, accordingtoarea: United Statas and eachStata, 1968–Con.

Area

United Stetas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California o., .,. .o. oo... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dsrlaware, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Main. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . ...”.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshira .,....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJarsay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NawMexico ..,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota.......,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oragon . . . . . .. o..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode island, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennassae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WastVirginia . . . . . ..m... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All ages

Under 3544 45-54 55-84 65 years

35 years years years years and over

Percentdistribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

11.3

5.7

31.3

16.5

21.3

15.2

18.4

7.9

16.7

8.5

16,6

10.8

13.1

19.5

5.5

16.5

10.6

19.9

S.4

11.1

10.1

13.7

9.5

10.4

7.6

7.8

8.8

15.9

12.3

18.2

9.1

5.6

17.4

9.1

12.8

20.6

14.0

11.7

14.0

8.5

7.6

11.0

14.8

11.8

12.8

12.7

17.1

10.8

13.6

10.1

9.6

22.2

29.5

33.3

50.0

32.2

22.1

31.1

30.5

29.4

30.0

30.5

36.8

34.4

41.0

31.2

24.3

26.1

32.2

30.6

32.2

31.2

23.9

31.7

27.9

28.5

35.0

32.2

22.5

39.0

32.9

36.4

28.8

28.8

31.9

27.5

34.6

41.3

25.1

31.2

29.5

31.8

27.7

35.9

26.1

33.7

25.5

33.3

22.9

32.1

30.0

32.4

31.7

33.3

36.2

42.8

#

29.6

32.4

34.4

31.6

34.5

40.0

44.1

32.0

36.8

24.6

32.5

42.5

35.4

37.0

28.7

38.8

35.7

35.8

37.3

38.3

37.3

36.9

43.6

38.0

30.5

33.6

30.3

33.3

40.0

42.0

30.7

36.2

28.6

33.9

39.0

36.0

34.9

42.0

37.9

39.8

34.4

40.9

36.5

40.0

41.8

33.6

32.4

39.0

#

14.2

11.3

#

#

11.0

11.4

8.6

20.6

#

6.8

9.7

14.0

14.8

11.7

19.3

14.6

12.9

7.9

11.2

11.6

22.0

8.7

15.9

17.4

8.2

11.3

12.3

9.8

11.0

21.2

17.6

#

19.1

10.1

#

16.6

10.4

14.7

14.3

16.8

7.6

9.1

11.8

13.5

11.1

*

8.0

15.8

14.4

11.8

11.1

8.8

6.9

#

13.2

7.9

10.9

7.5

#

10.2

4.9

4.0

6.6

5.2

8.3

7.2

7.4

13.0

9.3

10.6

8.3

8.7

8.3

6.4

12.4

5.2

18.5

4.9

10.3

15.2

7.6

8.1

#

13.5

6.4

#

10.5

7.8

5.8

10.5

5.9

7.6

10.2

8.2

7.4

6.3

#

7.2

7.0

10.8

7.8

#

# Data suppressedto comply with confidentiality requiramants.

23
Table 6. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists byage, according tosex, principal form of employ merit, highest

degree achieved, ageatgraduation, andwekper yearand hours parw*k worked: United States,1968

Characteristic

All active optometrists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Principal form of employment:

Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Solopractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partnership practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grouppractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Salaried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Employed by:

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometrist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . .

Physician(s) other than ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . .

Profitmakingorganization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprofitmaking organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Highest degree achieved:

Doctorofoptometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachelor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ageatgraduation:

Under23years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-26years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35yearsandover ...,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weeks per year and hours per week worked:

l-47weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35hoursormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48-52weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41-44hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-48hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49hoursormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All agas

18,427

18,034

394

16,256

13,538

2,186

531

2,172

45

952

135

36

646

194

163

16,543

41

417

1,288

139

3,169

4,549

3,630

3,676

2,338

1,067

1,403

583

820

17,024

1,589

2,641

4,014

2,244

3,352

3,183

Under

35 years

Numberofactive optometrists

2,087

2,051

36

1,672

1,206

387

79

415

6

234

33

9

53

52

28

1,810

3

113

157

3

75

979

607

346

80

82

13

69

2,005

121

311

481

260

405

426

5,433

5,347

85

4,852

4,014

672

165

581

9

238

44

15

182

50

44

4,916

9

208

266

13

621

1,786

1,446

1,043

455

82

290

77

213

5,143

326

768

1,230

699

1,070

1,050

6,669

6,522

146

6,003

5,137

680

185

666

22

271

48

9

211

56

50

6,013

15

71

548

22

1,324

983

954

1,707

1,378

322

395

122

273

6,274

453

949

1,445

870

1,279

1,278

2,617

2,545

73

2,319

1,864

288

67

288

7

111

7

2

121

26

24

2,302

9

20

238

48

631

487

380

357

281

481

263

109

154

2,355

285

394

588

287

423

359

1,215

1,180

36

1,037

891

122

24

179

2

78

3

1

71

10

13

1,110

5

3

50

47

440

261

190

144

77

103

279

193

85

937

253

175

215

86

139

59

406

389

17

373

326

37

11

33

21

9

3

391

1

9

6

78

53

52

78

67

79

95

70

25

311

141

45

54

23

37

11

24
Table 6. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by age, according tosex, principal form of employment, highest

degree achieved, ageatgraduation, andweeks peryear andhours perweek worked: United Statesr1968–Con.

Characteristic

All active optometrists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Principal form of employment:

Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Solopractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partnershippractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grouppractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Salaried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Employed by:

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometrist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Physician(s) other than ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . .

Profitmakingorganization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprofitmaking organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Highest degree achieved:

Doctorof optometry, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age at graduation:

Under23years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-26years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27.29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weeks per year and hours per week worked:

l-47weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34 hours ., .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35hoursormora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48-52waeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34hours, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41-44hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-48hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49hoursormora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All ages

Under I

35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75years

35 years years years years years and over

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

11.3

11.4

9.2

10.3

8.9

17.7

14.9

19.1

12.2

24.6

24.6

24.1

8.3

26.6

17.4

10.9

8.o

27.0

12.2

2.4

2.4

21.5

16.7

9.4

3.4

5.8

2.2

8.4

11.8

7.6

11.8

12.0

11.6

12.1

13.4

Percent distribution

29.5

29.7

21.6

29.8

29.7

30.8

31.1

26.7

19.3

25.0

32.5

42.3

28.1

25.7

27.0

29.7

21.8

50.2

22.2

9.3

19.6

39.3

39.8

28.4

19.5

7.7

20.7

13.2

26.0

30.2

20.5

29.1

30.6

31.1

31.9

33.0

36.2

36.2

37.2

36.9

37.9

31.1

34.8

30.7

49.0

28.4

35.5

24.3

32.6

28.0

30.5

36.3

37.7

17.0

42.6

15.8

41.8

21.6

26.3

46.4

59.0

30.2

28.2

20.9

33.3

36.9

28.5

35.9

36.0

38.8

38.2

40.2

14.2

14.1

18.5

14.3

14.5

13.2

12.6

13.7

14.7

11.7

5.0

6.3

18.7

13.6

15.0

13.9

21.3

4.8

18.5

34.7

19.9

10.7

10.5

9.7

12.0

45.1

18.7

18.7

18.8

13.8

18.6

14.9

14.7

13.2

12.6

11.3

6.6

=

6.5

9.1

6.4

6.6

5.6

4.5

8.2

4.8

8.2

2.4

3.0

1.0

5.1

8.1

6.7

1.3

0.8

3.9

3.9

3.9

5.7

5.2

3.9

3.3

9.7

3.9

3.0

D.5

5.5

5.9

5.6

5.4

$.3

$.1

1.9

—

2.2

2.2

4.4

2.3

2.4

1.7

2.1

1.5

2.2

1.4

2.0

2.4

0.2

0.7

4.0

2.5

1.2

1.4

2.1

2.9

7.4

6.8

12.0

3.1

1.8

8.9

1.7

1.3

1.0

1.1

0.3

25
Table 7. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by principal form of employment, according to area: United States and each State.

Area

United Stetea . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Districtof Columbia . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestVirginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968

II I

All Self-employed Other

forms of

solo Partnership

forms of

employment

practice employment practica

Number of activa optometrists

180

17

127

151

2,242

188

260

35

71

493

263

64

86

1,616

510

336

229

229

223

116

175

719

708

354

121

432

89

155

36

70

675

71

1,598

322

72

942

247

273

134

12

103

119

1,605

140

221

27

41

408

189

49

71

1,028

381

238

182

183

18s

108

88

623

488

24s

97

300

so

120

34

55

565

55

1,055

276

52

707

204

1

1,145

132

155

94

296

762

74

38

274

356

147

429

41

42

38

220

245

128

30s

32

178

939

111

127

68

207

401

2,186

18

#

18

23

235

28

24

8

11

45

32

9

11

188

76

69

29

26

27

4

26

41

87

34

20

44

#

19

#

10

56

11

194

33

13

127

33

33

106

14

24

19

58

119

13

#

28

52

15

55

9

2,703

27

#

6

9

402

19

14

19

39

42

5

4

400

53

29

18

20

8

3

50

55

135

72

4

87

#

16

#

5

54

5

340

12

8

107

10

63

100

7

4

6

31

232

19

#

28

59

4

66

1Oo.c

1Oo.c

100.0

1Cso.c

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

I 00.0

100.0

100.0

1Oo.c

mo.a

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Parcant distribution

73.5 14.7

74.8

68.8

81.7

78.7

71.6

74.7

85.3

76.7

57.6

83.0

72.0

77.0

81.8

63.6

74.8

70.7

79.6

79.9

S4.4

93.6

56.5

86.7

68.6

70.1

80.0

69.5

90.2

77.4

93.9

78.8

83.7

76.8

66.6

85.9

71.4

75.1

82.7

65.1

82.0

84.0

82.1

72.7

69.9

53.3

57.1

94.3

80.3

68.8

87.1

71.8

77.8

11.9

10.1

#

13.9

15.4

10.5

14.9

9.1

23.3

15.3

9.0

12.0

14.8

13.0

11.6

14.8

20.6

12.6

11.2

12.1

3.7

14.9

5.8

12.3

9,7

16.5

10.3

#

12.3

#

13.6

8.2

15.9

12.1

10.4

17.5

13.5

13.4

12.0

9.3

10.9

15.2

20.5

19,7

15.8

17.5

#

10.0

14.5

10,1

12.8

22.2

15.1

#

4.3

5.9

17.9

10.3

5.6

27.1

8.0

16.0

8.2

5.2

24.8

10.4

8.7

7.9

8.9

3.5

2.8

28.6

7.6

19.1

20.2

3.5

20.3

#

10.3

#

7.6

8.1

7.2

21.3

3.7

11.1

11,4

3.9

22.9

8.7

5.0

2.8

6.8

10.4

30.9

25.4

#

9.6

16.7

2,9

15.4

# Date suppressadto comply with confidentiality requirements.
Tabla8. Numbrand percent distribution ofactive optometrists byprincipal form ofemployment, according tosex, m,weebperyear andhoum prMekworked, permntoftime

Wentintiffemnt activities, number of States licens4in, and Mghe$tdegree achieved: United States, 19S8

Characteristic

All active optometrists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age:

Und@r26yew$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2b29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-39 yOara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4044years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4648vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-54 ymrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55.59 y9ars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60.84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65.69 ymrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70.74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

76yearsrmd over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weeks per year and hours per week worked

147tw8ks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34 houre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36hoursormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46weeksormore, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-34 home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-39 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41.44 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4S-48hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4Qhoursormom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Activities:

Optometric practice:

Notimeqmnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-99percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100pwcmt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Teaching [n a school of optometw:

Notimespent, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.69percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometric research:

Notlmeepent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.69 percmt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Administration:

Notlmespent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-99percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Othrm

Notlmespent,; , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.99percent . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of States licensed In:

e state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zsoltm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3stata: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4States0rm0re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hlghwt degree achlevwl:

Doctor of optometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ooctor’sdegren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maater’$degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnots at end of table.

II Self-employed I

Salaried

All

forms of

Optometrist,

solo Partnership Group

;mployment Total Total ophthalmologist, Profitmaking Otier,

practice practice practice or other organization

physician

Number of active optometrists

16,427

18,034

394

65

64C

1,182

1,95C

3,48?

3,8X

2,834

1,695

1,022

749

467

406

1,403

583

820

17,024

1,5s9

2,541

4,014

2,244

3,352

3,183

128

3,702

14,597

18,085

314

26

17,376

1,035

16

16,133

2,281

13

17,237

1,170

21

20

14,011

3,377

1,020

18,543

41

417

1,266

139

6,256

.

15,942

314

33

623

1,017

1,763

3,08S

3,457

2,54E

1,413

906

642

395

373

1,216

469

728

5,039

1,408

2,449

3,401

1.929

2,940

2,913

36

3,380

2,637

6,019

232

4

5,387

577

12

4,142

2,111

3

i,197

1,048

11

15

2,423

2,972

6-46

!,659

24

342

1,120

111

13,53E

13,334

204

20

403

778

1,439

2,575

2,969

2,149

1,194

770

566

333

326

940

367

553

12,598

1,247

2,082

2,&76

1,587

2,441

2,388

28

2,632

10,878

13,357

177

4

t 2,619

703

10

11,940

1,596

2

2,718

814

7

14

0,409

2,444

671

I2,253

1s

284

907

96

2,1a

2,086

101

11

174

202

266

405

358

323

172

115

68

54

37

224

63

141

1,952

134

307

447

277

408

390

9

586

1,692

2,139

47

2,046

136

2

1,791

384

1

2,M12

1s0

4

1

1,621

419

146

1,931

4

69

171

11

531

522

9

2

40

37

58

107

111

74

47

20

16

8

11

52

18

34

479

27 ~

50

108

66

91

138

1

163

367

523

8

5J32

29

411

120

477

55

393

109

29

475

2

9

42

3

Z,lz

2,692

80

32

218

165

187

394

378

288

182

116

107

72

33

167

95

92

1,985

181

193

614

315

413

270

80

322

1,760

2,056

62

24

2,@3S

159

4

1,991

171

10

2,2!40

121

10

5

1,5S6

405

174

1,885

16

75

168

28

l,lZ

1,075

48

22

160

93

98

189

192

138

67

53

49

33

21

72

36

23

1,051

81

120

304

196

224

124

1

130

892

1,118

6

1,075

46

1,065

54+

1,076

48

1

2

826

220

74

992

2

41

75

12

634

10

4

15

33

53

129

116

95

80

41

39

32

9

34

19

14

613

36

38

226

86

147

71

10

69

587

842

3

1

617

26

1

609

24

3

614

30

2

469

101

56

552

4

15

61

14

402

=

380

22

6

42

38

26

67

71

57

35

22

19

7

3

81

37

44

321

84

36

64

21

43

74

79

122

201

3tM

73

23

316

82

3

316

79

7

350

45

7

2

273

64

43

241

10

18

31

2

27
Table8. Num&rand pementtistribution ofatiive optometrist byprlncipal form ofemployment, =otingtosex, W,meks Wryearand hours wrwakworhd, ~rmntoftlm

~entintiffemnt mtiviti~, number of Stiteslimnsd in, andtighest degree acMewd: United States, lSBB-Con.

Characteristic

All active optometrists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ALISS

Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W.34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3&39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4044years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4549years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50.64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55.59 years, . . . . . . . ...<..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6C-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-69 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70.74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75years And over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weeks per year and hwrs per week worked:

147 W3ek5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.34 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35hours ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48weeks ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 hwrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40h6urs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4144 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

454S hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49hctws ormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Activities:

Optometric praeticw

NO time spem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-SS pwcent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100per03nt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Teaching in a school of optomet~:

No time spent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

l-88pwcent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lCOwrcent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometric research:

No time spem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-89 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Administration:

No time spent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

148 pment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Otheti

No time spmt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-88 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lW p+rcent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of States licensed in:

l State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 States or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Highest degree achieved:

Ooctorofc.ptmvmy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor,sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Self-employed I

Salaried

All

forms of Optometrist,

!mployment Total solo Partnership Grcmp Total ophthalmologist, Profitmaking

practice practice practice or other organization ‘the”

physician

Percent distribution

1ma

100.0

1W.o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1GQ.o

100,0

100.0

1OfJ.o

1W.o

lCQ.O

100.0

100.0

1CQ.o

100.0

100.0

1W.o

100,0

10).o

1CO.o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

1W&o

lm.o

100.0

1W.o

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

1W.o

1W.o

100.0

lCXJ.O

100.0

s Includes government (nonmilitaw) organizations, nonpro fitmaking organize

88.2

.

28.4

79,B

50.4

74.1

Bs.o

90.4

38.7

90.1

68,9

S8.6

SS.6

S5.7

84.5

91.9

S6.7

83.9

88.8

8S,3

S8.6

92.7

84.7

B6.o

B7.7

91.5

28.7

81.3

87.9

SS.6

73.9

14.3

88.4

84.7

75.0

87.7

92.5

23.1

88.2

68.6

52.4

75.0

88.7

BB,o

82.9

88.6

5S.6

82.o

S7.O

78.8

s or ins

73.5

73.9

51.9

30.4

48.6

65.8

73.8

73.9

77.9

75.8

74.8

76.4

74.5

71.4

80.1

67.0

66.3

67.4

74.0

78.6

79.2

70,9

70.7

72,8

76.0

21.9

71.1

74.6

73,9

56.4

14.3

73.8

68.5

62.5

74,0

70.0

15.4

72..8

69.6

33.3

70.0

74.3

72.4

65.S

74.1

43.9

63.3

70.4

69.1

11.9

11.6

25.6

16.7

20.7

17.1

13.6

11.7

9.3

11.4

10.8

11.3

9.0

11.5

9.1

16.o

14.3

17.2

11.5

8.4

11.6

11.1

12,3

12,2

12.3

7.0

15.s

10.9

11.8

16.0

11.6

13.3

12.5

11.1

17.3

7.7

11.6

16.4

18.0

5.0

11.6

12.4

14.3

11.7

9.6

16.5

13.3

7.9

2.9

2.9

2.3

3.3

4.8

3.1

3.0

3.1

2.9

2.6

3.0

1.9

2.2

1.6

2.7

3.7

3.2

4.1

2.8

1.7

1.9

2.7

2.9

2.7

4.3

0.6

4.4

2.5

2.9

2.5

2.9

2.6

2.5

5.3

2.6

4.7

2.8

3.2

2.8

2.9

4.9

2.2

3.3

2.2

11.s

11.E

202

49.5

26.C

13.9

9.e

11.3

9.9

8.2

11.4

11.4

14.3

15.4

8.1

13.3

16.1

11.2

11.7

11.4

7.3

15.3

14.0

12.3

8.5

70.3

8.7

12.1

11.4

26.1

85.7

11.6

15.4

25.o

12.3

7.5

76.9

11.8

10.3

47.6

25.0

11.3

12.0

17.1

11.4

39.1

18.o

13.0

20.1

—

6.1

6.0

12.3

34.0

18.1

7.9

5.0

6.7

5.0

4.8

4.2

5.2

6.6

7.1

5.1

6.1

6.6

4.0

6.2

5.1

4.6

7.6

8,8

6.8

3.9

0.8

3,6

6.8

6.2

1.6

6.2

4.6

6.6

2.6

6.2

3,8

4,6

10.0

5.9

6.5

7.3

6.0

4.9

9.8

5.8

8.6

tions, health insurance plans, health care programs, and so forth,

3.6

—

3.5

2.5

6.9

1,8

2,6

2.7

3.7

3.0

3.4

6,0

4.0

6.2

6.9

2,2

2.4

3.3

1.7

3.6

2.3

7.4

5,6

4.3

4.4

2.2

7.8

1.9

3.9

3.6

1,0

3.6

3.6

2.7

6.3

3.8

1.6

23.1

3.6

2.6

9.5

3.6

3.0

6.5

3.3

9.6

3.6

4.7

10.1

2.2

2.1

6.6

6.6

6.0

3,2

1.6

1.9

1,8

2,2

2.2

2,6

1.4

0.s

6,8

6.3

6.4

1.9

4.0

1.3

2.1

0,9

1.3

2.3

81,7

3.3

1.4

1.7

23,2

82.1

1.8

7.9

18.8

2.0

3,6

63,8

2.0

3.8

33,3

10.0

1.9

2.6

4.2

2.1

24.4

4.3

2.4

1.4

28
Table 9. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by weeks per year and hours par wmk worked, according to area: United States and

each State, 1968

Area

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ga.argia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NawJersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewMaxico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . ...”..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pannsylvenia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhoda Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Taxas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WastVirginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

# Data suppressedto comply with confidentiality requirements.

All

active

)ptomatrista

18,427

180

17

127

151

2,242

188

260

35

71

493

263

64

26

1,616

510

336

228

228

223

116

176

719

706

354

121

4~2

89

155

38

70

675

71

1,598

322

72

942

247

273

1,145

132

155

84

286

752

74

38

274

3!56

147

428

41

I

46-52waekeperyear

‘nd’~’”’l=%E

1,403

6

#

9

10

164

15

25

#

#

23

6

11

9

136

31

27

20

14

13

8

14

57

67

28

5

26

10

11

#

3

60

3

17’i

12

#

65

16

23

87

7

5

6

16

37

4

11

26

18

41

#

1,589

12

#

10

20

229

8

25

#

#

46

13

9

7

161

30

19

18

30

18

22

13

72

51

24

7

40

8

8

#

8

70

6

100

43

#

72

20

27

132

12

17

7

20

33

9

4

10

30

18

37

#

6,655

70

5

43

68

92?J

73

106

13

19

199

81

24

35

501

213

149

84

85

80

40

51

242

287

120

54

176

43

67

22

30

191

30

428

143

37

343

112

117

345

44

70

45

117

202

24

9

189

147

54

‘157

14

5,596

64

6

43

37

608

56

71

7

29

146

111

16

16

516

134

96

70

77

88

25

61

196

206

133

37

111

19

43

~

23

200

22

519

79

17

288

67

73

308

39

45

24

94

359

22

13

91

110

34

136

16

3,183

27

3

22

17

293

36

33

9

15

78

51

4

19

303

102

44

27

24

24

19

46

163

97

50

18

79

9

25

3

5

154

10

380

45

8

773

31

34

271

30

18

12

49

122

19

8

63

43

23

59

7

29
Table9. Number andpercant distribution of atiiveoptometrists byw&ksper year andhours parwwkworked, amording toarea: United States and

each State, 1968-Con.

Area

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky, . .,, ., ...’.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NawMexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewYork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NorthCerolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhoda Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tannessae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WestVirginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46-52weeksperyeer

All

actiw

optometrists

Under48weeks

Hours par weak

cer vear . .

I 1 ,

I 1-34I 3!540141-48 I 49crrmore

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Percent distribution

7.6

3.3

#

7.0

6.5

8.2

8.0

9.5

#

#

4.7

2.4

17.2”

10.3

8.4

6.1

8.0

8.8

6.0

6.0

7.0

8.1

7.9

9,5

7.9

4.3

6.0

11.0

7.1

#

4.3

8.9

4.3

10.7

3.7

#

6.9

6.5

8.4

7.6

5.3

3.2

6.4

5.4

4.9

10,5

4.0

7,3

12.2

9.6

#

S.6

6.9

#

7.9

13.1

10.2

4.3

9.6

#

#

9.3

4.9

14.1

8.0

10,0

5.9

5.7

7.9

13,0

S.1

19.3

7.4

10.0

7.2

6.8

5.8

9.3

9.0

6.2

#

11.6

10.4

8.5

6.3

13.4

#

7.6

8.1

9.9

11.5

9.1

11.0

7.4

6.8

4.4

12.2

10.5

3.6

8.4

12.2

6.6

#

36.1

39.0

29.4

33.9

44.9

41.4

38.8

40.8

37.1

26.S

40.6

30.9

37.5

41.4

31.0

41.8

44.4

41,0

37.0

35.7

35.1

29.1

33.6

40.5

33.8

44.5

40.7

48.4

43.5

61,1

43.5

28.3

42,2

26,8

44.4

51.4

36.4

45.4

42.7

30.1

33.3

45,1

47.9

39.5

26.9

32.4

23.7

39,8

47.3

36,8

36.6

34.1

30.4

35,7

35,3

33.9

24.4

27.1

28.8

27.3

20.0

40.8

29,6

42.3

25.0

18.4

31.9

26.3

28,7

30.6

33.5

39.4

21.9

29.1

27.2

29.1

37.5

30.6

25.7

21.4

27.9

S.3

33.3

28.6

31.0

32.5

24.5

23.6

30.6

27.2

26.6

27.0

29.5

29.0

25.5

31.8

47.7

29.7

34,2

33.2

30.9

23,2

31.5

39.0

17.3

15.1

17.6

17,3

11.2

13.1

19,1

12.7

25,7

21.1

15.8

19,6

6.3

21,8

18.8

20.0

13,1

11,8

10.4

10.8

16.7

26,3

21.3

13.7

14.0

14.8

18.3

10.1

16,2

8,3

7.2

22.8

14.1

23.8

14.0

11.1

18.4

12.7

12,4

23.7

22.7

11.6

12.8

16.6

16.2

25,7

21.1

19.3

12,1

16,6

13.8

17,1

#Date suppressedto comply with confidentiality requirements.

30
Table IO. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by weeks per year andhours perweak worked, according to sex,

age, principal form of employment, highest degree achieved, and supplementary personnel assistance in optometric practice:

Unitad States, 1968

Characteristic

Allactive optometrists ,;, ., . . . .

Sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female, ,, .,...,.,.,,,,, . . . . .

Age:

Undar25years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25.34yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-44yeers, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65.74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Principal form of employment:

Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Solopractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partnership practice . . . . . . . . . . .

Grouppractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Salaried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Employed by:

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometrist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . . . .

Physician(s) other than

ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . . .

Profitmaking organization . . . .,

Nonprofitmaking organization(s) .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Highest degree achieved:

Doctorofoptometry . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachelor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Supplementary personnel assistancein

optometric prectice:

Someassistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Noassistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nooptometric practice ., , . . . . . .

All

active

optometrists

I

Under 48 weeks per year I

48-52 weeks per yaar

Total

18,427

18,034

394

65

2,022

5,433

6,669

2,617

1,215

406

16,256

13,538

2,186

531

2,172

45

952

135

36

646

194

163

16,543

41

417

1,288

139

14,339

3,860

128

1,403

1,342

61

5

76

290

395

263

279

95

1,217

940

224

52

187

9

54

16

2

34

33

40

1,240

4

28

107

23

963

411

28

Hours per wee k

I II Hours per week

35 or

Total

1-34 1-34

49 or

more

35-40 41-48 more

Number of active optometrists

563

536

47

3

10

77

122

108

193

70

489

387

63

18

95

3

35

3

19

11

23

514

1

10

43

16

317

255

12

820

805

14

2

67

213

273

154

86

25

728

553

141

34

92

5

19

12

2

14

22

17

726

3

19

64

8

647

157

16

17,024

16,692

332

59

1.946

5,143

6,274

2,355

937

311

15,039

12,598

1,962

479

1,985

37

898

119

34

613

161

123

15,303

36

388

1,181

116

13,376

3,549

100

1,569

1,486

103

7

115

326

453

285

253

141

1,408

1,247

134

27

181

16

65

13

3

36

18

31

1,445

2

27

93

22

988

594

8

6,655

6,528

127

28

765

1,998

2,393

981

390

88

5,849

4,938

754

157

806

9

336

74

14

263

72

38

5,976

10

157

471

41

5,295

1,324

37

5,596

5,530

66

22

643

1,768

2,149

720

234

60

4,868

4,027

685

156

728

4

390

17

15

242

32

28

5,025

12

132

389

38

4,490

1,079

27

3,183

3,147

36

3

423

1,050

1,278

359

59

11

2,913

2,386

390

138

270

8

108

16

1

71

40

26

2,857

12

71

229

15

2,603

552

28

31
Table lO. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by weeks per year and hours perweek worked, according to sex,

age, principal form of employment, highest degree achieved, and supplementary personnel assistance in optometric wectice:

United States, 1968–Con.

Characteristic

Ail active optometrists . . . . . . . . .

Sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age:

Under25years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Principal form of employment:

Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Solopractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partnership practice . . . . . . . . . . .

Grouppractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Salaried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Employed by:

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometrist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . . . .

Physicians other than

ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . . .

Profitmaking organization . . . . .

Nonprofitmaking organization(s).

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Highest degree achieved:

Doctorofoptometry . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachelor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Supplementary personnel assistance in

optometric practice:

Someassistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Noassistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

No optometric practice . . . . . . . . .

Under 48 weeks per year 48-52 weeks per year

J_- active

optometrists Total

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

7.6

7.4

15.5

7.7

3.8

5.3

5.9

10.0

23.0

23.4

7.5

6.9

10.2

9.8

8.6

20.0

5.7

11.9

5.6

5.3

17.0

24.5

7.5

9.8

7.0

8.3

16.5

6.7

10.4

21.9

Hours per week

I II Hours per week

35 or

Total

1-34 1-34 35-40 41-48 :.;;

more

Percent distribution

3.2

3.0

11.9

4.6

0.5

1.4

1.8

4.2

15.9

17.2

3.0

2.9

3.8

3.4

4.4

6.7

3.7

2.2

2.9

5.7

14.1

3.1

2.4

2.4

3.3

11.5

2.2

6.4

9.4

4.4

4.5

3.6

3.1

3.3

3.9

4.1

5.9

7.1

6.2

4.5

4.1

6.5

6.4

4.2

11.1

2.0

8.9

5.6

2.2

11.3

10.4

4.4

7.3

4.6

5.0

5.8

4.5

4.0

12.5

92.4

92.E

84.2

92.2

96.2

94.7

94.1

90.C

77.1

76.6

92.5

93.1

89.8

90.2

91.4

82.2

94.3

88.1

94.4

94.9

83.0

75.5

92.5

87.8

93.0

91.7

83.5

93.3

89.6

78.1

8.6

8.2

26.1

10.8

5.7

6.0

6.8

11.3

20.8

34.7

8,7

9.2

6.1

5.1

8.4

35.6

6.8

9.6

8.3

5.6

9.3

19.0

8.7

4.9

.6.5

7.2

15.8

6.9

15.0

6.3

36.1

36.2

32.2

43.1

37.8

36.8

35.9

37.5

32.1

24.4

36.0

36.5

34.5

29.6

37.1

20.0

35.3

54.8

38.9

40.7

37.1

23.3

36.1

24.4

37.6

36.6

29.5

36.9

33.4

28.9

30.4

30.7

16.8

33.8

31.8

32.5

32.2

27.5

19.3

14.8

29.9

29.7

31.3

29.4

33.5

8.9

41.0

12.6

41.7

37.5

16.5

17.2

30.4

29.3

31.7

30.2

27.3

31.3

27.2

21.1

17.3

17.5

9.1

4.6

20.9

19.3

19.2

13.7

4.9

2.7

17,9

17.6

17.8

26.0

12.4

17.8

11,3

11,9

2.8

11.0

20.6

16.0

17.3

29.3

17.0

17.8

10,8

18.2

13.9

21.9

32
Table Il. Number and percent distribution ofactive optometrists bypercent oftimespent inoptometric practice activities, accordng toarea:

United States and each State, 1968

Time spent in optometric practice activities

149

percent

50-99 100

percent percent

No time

spent

149

percent

50-88 100

percent percent

Total

No time

spent

Total

Number of active optometrists Percent distribution

128 135

—

#

#

22

#

#

#

#

#

21

6

#

#

#

8

4

#

#

#

#

#

14

#

#

#

4

20

#

3

#

#

#

3,568 14,597 0.7

—

#

#

0.9

#

#

#

#

#

0.9

1.2

#

#

#

0.7

#

#

#

#

#

0.7

#

#

#

2.9

1.0

#

1.6

#

#

#

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

United States ,, .,,...., 18,427 0.7 19.4 79,2

80.6

70.6

72.4

81.5

75.5

69.1

79.2

71.4

76.1

73.0

79.8

78.1

73,3

82.1

77.1

83.3

86.5

87.3

80.3

86.2

73.1

76.9

81.8

85.3

83.5

83.8

80.9

80.0

75.0

80.0

76.7

78.9

78.8

79.8

80.6

79.0

78.9

70.7

81.4

82.6

86.5

74.5

79.4

84.7

78.4

76.3

74.8

76.7

79.6

79.3

87.8

33

Alabame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

180

17

127

151

2,242

188

260

35

71

493

263

64

86

1,616

510

336

229

229

223

116

175

719

708

354

121

432

89

155

36

70

675

71

1,698

322

72

842

247

273

1,145

132

155

94

286

752

74

38

274

356

147

429

41

#

#

21

#

#

#

#

+

14

6

#

#

#

5

#

#

#

#

#

11

#

#

#

8

11

#

12

#

#

#

34

5

33

28

507

54

49

11

17

131

51

14

22

254

lCM

55

31

29

43

16

47

154

125

50

19

65

16

30

9

14

145

15

314

63

15

181

49

68

181

23

21

25

54

100

17

9

67

82

31

87

5

145

12

92

123

1,693

130

206

25

54

380

210

50

63

1,327

393

280

198

200

179

100

128

553

579

302

101

362

72

124

27

56

518

56

1,260

257

58

744

195

193

932

109

134

70

235

637

58

29

205

273

117

340

36

#

#

1.0

#

#

#

#

#

1.3

1.2

#

#

..

#

1.1

0.6

#

#

#

#

#

0.9

#

#

#

1.5

1.7

#

0.4

#

#

#

18.9

29.4

26.0

18.5

22,6

28.7

18.8

31.4

23.9

26.6

19.4

21.9

25.6

15.7

20.4

16.4

13.5

12.7

19.3

13.8

26.9

21.4

17.7

14.1

15.7

15.0

18.0

19.4

25.0

20.0

21.5

21.1

19.6

19.6

20.8

19,2

19.8

24.9

15.8

17.4

13.5

26.6

18.2

13.3

23.0

23.7

24.5

23.0

21.1

20.3

12.2

Arkensas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California, .,, .,. BOO..,... .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware’, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Districtof Columbia . . . . . . . . . .

Floride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gaorgia . . . ,, . ,. . . ,. . . . . . .

Hawsiii, . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Idaho ,, . . . . . . . ., . , . . . . . .

Illinois, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indiana . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wchigan ., .,, .,, . . . . . . . . .

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

Mississippi . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri ., . ., .,, . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NawHampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon ,,, ,,.,. . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania, ... ., . . . . ..m. .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Taxas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia, .,, ,, .,, . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WastVlrginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

# Oata suppressed to compl y with confidentiality requi rements.
Table 12. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by percent of time spent in optometric practice activities, according tosex, a~,

principal form ofemployment, highest degree acMeved, andweeks peryear andhours wrweek worked: United States, 1968

Characteristic

All active optometrists . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age:

Under25years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,.,

55-59years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-84years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-89years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Principal form of employment:

Self-employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Solopractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partnership practice . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grouppractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Salaried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Employed by:

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometrist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ophthalmologist . . . . . . . . . . .

Physician(s) other than

ophthalmol~ist(s) . . . . . . . . .

Profitmaking organization . . . . . .

Nonprofitmaking organization(s) . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Highest degree achieved:

Doctorofoptometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachelor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weeka per year and hours per weak worked:

147weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-24hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35h.aursormOre . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48weeksormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34houre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4144houra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-48hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49hoursormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Time spent in optometric practice activities

Total NO time 1-49 50-88 100

spent percent percent percent

Numberofactive optometrists

18,427

18,034

394

65

840

1,182

1,950

3,463

3,835

2,834

1,595

1,022

749

487

406

16,255

13,538

2,186

531

2,172

45

952

135

36

846

194

163

16,543

41

417

1,288

139

1,403

583

620

17,024

1,589

2,541

4,014

2,244

3,352

3,183

128

122

6

2

9

10

9

24

20

17

9

8

5

6

11

38

28

9

1

90

2

1

10

54

23

100

5

9

14

28

12

16

100

8

12

25

9

18

28

135

127

8

1

9

11

13

30

22

20

10

7

5

3

4

62

42

13

6

73

7

1

12

33

20

117

5

3

9

33

21

12

102

27

6

13

4

11

41

3,568

3,519

48

11

244

348

499

695

795

522

233

105

w

34

27

3,316

2,590

572

156

249

10

84

21

1A

57

28

25

3,211

9

106

230

12

237

57

180

3,331

187

408

572

390

689

1,083

14,597

14,266

331

50

578

813

1,429

2,734

2,998

2,275

1,343

903

685

424

384

12,837

10,678

1,582

367

1,760

27

856

114

22

587

80

95

13,115

21

289

1,035

127

1,105

493

612

13,492

1,367

2,214

3,404

1,840

2,635

2,031

Total No time 1-49 50-99 100

spent percent percent percent

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

0.7

0.7

1.5

3.1

1.1

0.8

0.5

0.7

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.7

1.3

2.7

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.2

4.1

4.6

0.1

1.6

27.7

14.0

0.6

12.2

2.2

1.1

2.0

2.1

2.0

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.5

0,9

0.7

0.7

2.0

1.5

1.1

0.9

0.7

0.9

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.6

1.0

0.4

0.3

0.6

1.2

3.3

14.6

0.1

1.9

16.9

12.2

0.7

12.2

0.7

0.7

2.4

3.6

1.5

0.6

1.7

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.3

1.3

19.4

19,5

12.2

16.9

29.0

29.4

25.6

20.0

20.7

18.4

74.6

10.3

7.2

7.3

6,7

20.4

19,1

26.2

29.5

11.5

21.7

9,9

15.5

39.4

8.6

14,4

15.6

19.4

22.0

26.4

17.9

8.6

16,9

9.8

21.9

19,6

11.8

15.5

14.3

17.4

20,6

34.0

79.2

79.1

84.0

76,9

68.8

68.8

73.3

78.5

78.2

80,3

84.2

88.4

91.5

90.8

69.7

79.0

80.4

72.8

69,1

81.0

58.9

69.9

64,5

60.6

87.7

41,0

58.2

79.3

51.2

71,7

80.4

91.4

78.8

84.6

74.6

79.3

86,0

83.8

84.8

82.0

78,6

63.6

34
Table 13. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by percent of time spent per wek in teaching activities, according to sex, age, principal form of

employment, highest degraeactieved, weeks pervear andhOurs prwekwOrked, andgeOgrapMc &visi0n0f employment: United Scates, 1968

Characteristic

Allactive optomatrlsts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age:

Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26-29 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4044years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4649years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6D-64years, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6K.89years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70.74 Veers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

76years andcwer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Principal form of employment:

Self.employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Solopractlce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partnership practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gmuppractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Selaried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Employed by:

Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometrist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Physician(s) other than ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Profltmaking orgmlzationls) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprofltmaklng organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hlghast dagree achieved:

Doctor of optomatry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dcwtor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weaks per year and hours per week worked:

l-47waeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34houra, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36hoursormora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48 weeks or mora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40hcmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41-44 hours .,, ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-4Shours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49 hours or mora

.’

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gaogrephic division:

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific ! .,,,...,., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...!.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Time spent per week in teaching activities

EIEzEF!

Number of activa optometrists

18,427

18,034

384

65

B4c

1,182

1,95C

3,485

3,83!

2,834

1,59:

1,02:

74~

467

406

16,25f

13,538

2,188

531

2,172

45

952

135

3$

646

184

163

16,543

41

417

1,288

139

1,403

583

820

17,024

1,589

2,641

4,014

2,244

3,352

3,1B3

1,334

3,41B

4,204

1,672

1,936

825

1,373

711

2,953

18,085

17,703

361

61

807

1,141

1,905

3,405

3,775

2,793

1,577

1,010

743

467

401

16,019

13,357

2,139

523

2,066

43

950

132

36

642

125

138

16,257

30

395

1,264

139

1,365

570

795

16,720

1,571

2,608

3,976

2,219

3,290

3,056

1,301

3,336

4,112

1,656

1,927

820

1,355

709

2,859

152

150

2

9

22

25

41

27

16

7

6

140

105

30

5

12

2

2

2

6

127

2

10

13

12

2

10

140

9

15

14

14

29

5B

17

43

35

3

7

5

2

40

191

181

10

3

25

18

20

37

33

24

12

7

6

5

97

77

18

2

94

2

1

2

63

25

159

8

12

11

26

11

15

165

10

18

24

11

33

69

16

39

58

3

2

5

13

54

Total

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

?00.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

—

No time

spent

1-19

percent

‘ercent distribute on

98.1

98.2

86.7

93.8

86.1

86.5

97.7

97.8

98.4

98.6

88.9

98.8

88.2

100.0

88.8

98.5

9B.7

97.8

98.8

95.1

95.2

99.8

97.5

1CK1.o

88.3

84.5

24.7

88.3

73.2

84.7

98.1

100.0

97.3

97.7

96.9

9B.2

88.8

88.8

99.1

9B.9

98.2

86.0

97.5

97.6

97.8

88.6

89.5

S9.4

98.7

88.7

88.s

0.8

0.8

0.5

1.1

1.9

1.3

1.2

0.7

0.6

0.4

0.6

0.9

0.8

1.4

1.Q

0.6

0.2

1.7

0.3

2.8

0.8

4.9

2.4

1.0

0.8

0.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.8

1.3

1.3

0.8

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.3

1.4

20-100

percent

1.0

1.0

2.5

4.6

3.0

1.5

1.U

1.1

0,9

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.8

1.2

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.4

4.3

4.8

0.8

0.3

32.7

15.3

1.0

22.0

2.9

0.9

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.0

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.5

1.0

2.2

1.2

1.1

1.4

0.2

0.1

0.6

0.9

1.8

35
Table 14. Number andpercent distribution ofactive optometrist by percent of time skntprwwk in Wtmetricresearch mtivities, -ordngtosex, aw, principal form

ofemployment, highest degree achiwed, webperyear andhmrs perwwkworked, and@qraptic dvision ofemploymenK Unitad Statas,1968

Characteristic

Allactive opmmetrists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age:

Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55.59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60.64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-S9years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75yearsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Principal form of employment:

Self-amployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Solo practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partnership practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Group pmctice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Salaried . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Employad by:

Governmen t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometrist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Physician(s) other than ophthalmologist(s) , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Profitmaking Organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprofitmaking organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Highest degree achieved:

Doctor of optometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Doctor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weeks per year and hours par waek worked:

1.47tweka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35hoirrs cmmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4Swaeke0rm0re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l-34 houre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41-44 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-48 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49hours ormrwa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geographic division:

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Notih Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

East South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West South Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Paoific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Time spent par week in optometric rmaarch activities

~

Number of activa optometrists

1S,427

1s,034

394

65

840

1,1s2

1,950

3,483

3,s35

2,s34

1,595

1,022

749

467

406

16,256

13,53s

2,165

531

2,172

45

952

135

36

646

194

163

16,543

41

417

1,2ss

13S

1,403

563

S20

17,024

1,5s9

2,641

4,014

2,244

3,352

3,183

1,324

3,418

4,2W

1,672

1,926

825

1,373

711

2,953

17,376

17,000

376

59

765

1,085

1,S27

3,295

3,603

2,664

1,515

891

729

456

366

15,357

12,S19

2,046

502

2,006

39

916

127

31

617

142

135

15,569

28

383

1,233

134

1,305

553

753

16,071

1,537

2,557

3,s70

2,147

3,170

2,7S9

1,264

3,220

3,$%9

1,610

1,632

76S

1,296

674

2,743

910

886

14

4

65

Ss

105

162

215

150

69

23

15

9

5

780

639

124

27

120

6

33

7

4

23

29

19

631

5

18

50

5

70

19

51

641

40

77

124

S5

174

340

5s

170

194

52

97

53

67

31

190

141

_

13s

3

1

10

9

1s

25

77

20

11

s

4

2

16

99

80

16

2

43

1

3

1

6

23

9

123

8

5

6

29

12

16

113

12

s

21

11

6

54

13

27

42

11

6

4

11

7

20

All

active

optometrists

No time 1-19 20-100

spent parmnt parcent

I I

Percant distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

160.0

160.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

108.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

160.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

160.0

10Q.O

100.0

100.0

100.0

94.3

84.3

95.4

91,5

91.1

91.8

93.7

84.6

$?4.0

64.0

95.0

97.0

97.3

97.6

95.1

84.5

84.7

93.6

84.5

92.5

S5.4

86.2

84.2

87.9

95.5

73.3

63.2

84.2

66.3

84.2

95.7

96.4

93.0

64.7

91 .s

84.4

86.7

86.s

8s.4

95.7

84.8

87.8

94.8

84.2

84.4

86.3

84.6

93.1

84.4

94.s

82.9

4.9

5.0

3.6

6.S

7.7

7.4

5.4

4.7

6.6

5.3

4,3

2,3

2.0

1.9

1.2

4.9

4.7

6.7

5.1

5.6

12.2

3.4

5.0

12.1

3.s

14.9

11,6

6.0

12.2

4.6

3.9

3.6

5.0

3.2

6.2

4.9

2.5

2,9

3.1

3.8

5.2

10.7

4.3

6.o

4.6

3.1

6,0

6.4

4.9

4.4

6.4

0.8

0.s

0.8

1.7

1.2

0,8

0,9

0,7

0.4

0,7

0.7

0,s

0.6

0.4

3.9

0.6

0.6

0,s

0.4

2.0

2.4

0.3

0.8

0,9

11,8

5.3

0.7

19.5

1.2

0,6

2.0

2.1

2.0

0.7

0.8

0,3

0.5

0.6

0,2

1,7

1.0

0.s

1.0

0,7

0.3

0.5

0,s

1.0

0.7

36
Table 16. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by percent of time spent per vwek in administrative activities, *cording to sex, age, principal form of

employment, highest degree achieved, weeks per year and hours per week worked, and geographic division of employment: United States, 1888

Characteristic

Allactiveoptometrk.ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2+%:

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aw:

Under 26 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26.29 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36-39 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4649y0ars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60.84 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65.69 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70.74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

?rlncipal form of employment:

S*lf.amplOwd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Solo practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Partnership practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Group practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Snarled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Emplopd 6Y:

Governmcmt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometrist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ophthalmologist(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Phvslclan(s) other than ophthalmologist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Profitmaking orWnization[s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nonprofitmaking organization(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Highett degree achieved:

Doctor of optometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ooctor’sdegree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mmtar’s dagree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachalm%degrae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Othar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Waeks per yaar and hours per weak worked:

1.47 we8k5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.S4 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36hoursormora, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4Sweaksormora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.24hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3&39 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41-14 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45.48 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49hmtrsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geographic divlslon:

New England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ea8t North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wast North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eatt South Cantral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wmt Scmth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mountain, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Time spent per week in administrative activities

All

aotive

NO time

spent

1-19

perwtt

20-100

percent

Number of active optometrists

18,427

18,034

394

65

640

1,1s2

1,9s0

3,463

3,635

2,834

1,595

1,022

749

467

408

16,256

13,538

2,185

531

2,172

45

952

135

26

646

184

163

16,543

41

417

1,26s

139

1,403

563

820

17,024

1,589

2,641

4,014

2,244

3,352

3,133

1,334

3,418

4,204

1,672

1,92s

825

1,373

711

2,953

16,133

15,762

371

58

692

936

1,694

3,011

3,322

2,507

1,466

9s4

725

457

401

14,142

11,840

1,781

411

1,89?

40

909

126

28

609

145

132

14,4s7

28

352

1,131

135

1,252

554

696

14,881

1,507

2,37~

3,634

1,888

2,908

2,460

1,174

3,C63

3,726

1,469

1,612

735

1,239

534

2.511

2,060

2,083

17

5

139

228

333

433

469

2S3

112

51

76

7

2

1,958

1,494

358

105

122

4

43

6

8

20

21

20

1,S78

6

59

132

4

130

24

106

1,950

75

249

347

241

407

631

149

310

432

172

286

S3

126

115

396

215

209

5

1

10

1s

23

38

44

44

17

8

7

3

3

155

104

37

15

59

1

1

17

29

11

177

6

7

24

22

5

17

183

8

16

33

7

37

92

12

45

47

11

2s

6

9

13

43

All

active

No time

spent

1-19

percent

20-100

percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

i 00.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

10+3.0

100.0

100.0

~oo.o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

87.6

87.4

94.2

69.2

S2.4

79.2

81.7

86.4

%.6

33.5

91.9

84.3

88.s

97.9

9S.8

87.0

S8.2

81.9

77.3

91.7

87.8

95.4

95.1

78.7

S4.2

74.5

81.2

S7.6

6S.3

64.4

87.8

97.1

69,2

95.0

S5.1

87.4

84.8

90.0

90.5

69.o

66.7

77.3

88.0

89.6

3S.6

69.1

63.3

S9.1

90.2

82.1

86.0

11.3

11.4

4.3

7.7

16.5

19.3

17.1

12.4

12.2

10.0

7.0

5.0

2.4

1.5

0.5

12.0

11.0

16.4

19.6

5.6

8.7

4.5

4.9

21.3

3.1

10.8

12.0

11.4

14.6

14.1

10.2

2.9

9.2

4.1

12.9

11.5

4.7

9.4

8.6

10.7

12.1

19.6

11.2

9.1

10.3

10.3

15.3

10.1

9.2

16.2

13.5

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.5

1.2

1.5

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.6

1.1

0.8

0.9

0.6

0.7

1.0

0.8

1.7

2.9

2.7

2.4

0.1

2.6

14.7

6.8

1.1

14.6

1.7

1.9

1.6

0.9

2.0

1.1

0.5

0.6

0.8

0.3

1.1

2.9

0.9

1.3

1.1

0.7

1.4

1.0

0.7

1.8

1.5

37
Table 16. Number and percent distribution of active optometrists by age, according to primary activity, secondary activity, patients

seen weekly, services rendared to patients, and supplementary personnel assistancein optometric practice: United States, 1868

Characteristic

All optometrists in optometric practice . . . . . . . . . . . .

Primary activity:

General practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contact-lens fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visualtraining/orthoptics... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Developmental vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prescribing low-visionaids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Industrial vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondary activity:

General practice....,...,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contact-lensfitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visualtraining/orthoptics.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Developmental vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prescribing low-visionaids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Industrial vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nosecondary activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Patients seen weakly:

Lessthan 25patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2549patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-74patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75-99patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100patientsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Services renderad:

Refractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visual fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tonometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anisaikonictesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Biomicroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ophthalmoscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contact-lansfitting ..,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visualtraining/orthoptics.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Devalopmentalvision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prescribing low-visionaids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visual readinessforreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dispensingandadjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Framerepairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fabrication ofayeware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Supplementary personnel assistance in optometric practice:

Someassistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Noassistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All ages

Under 35-44

35 years years

45-54

years years

18,299

17,657

368

63

87

5

29

90

2,709

1o,56a

1,104

483

218

611

213

2,373

4,086

6,886

3,719

1,726

1,881

18,238

13,780

12,098

1,528

5,907

16,928

14,521

9,128

5,225

7,450

4,735

17,122

15,532

6,610

718

14,339

3,960

2,066

1,939

74

21

21

3

8

263

1,474

128

67

10

24

22

79

449

756

432

215

214

2,060

1,810

1,754

250

1,197

2,011

2,001

1,384

819

1,083

695

1,951

1,870

812

110

1,780

286

Number of optometrists

5,400

5,169

144

24

30

3

29

676

3,665

272

143

51

121

50

422

879

2,024

1,243

588

655

5,382

4,307

4,036

423

2,110

5,203

4,893

2,830

1,737

2,402

1,484

5,122

4,831

2,142

239

4,562

838

6,632

6,438

112

9

22

2

20

31

905

4,019

358

196

76

256

72

751

1,236

2,588

1,402

663

743

6,620

4,996

4,450

542

1,867

6,264

5,429

3,184

1,758

2,655

1,708

6,304

5,771

2,396

242

5,238

1,395

2,600

2,540

31

6

10

1

3

10

472

1,144

195

47

56

149

42

495

702

1,039

471

190

200

2,590

1,783

1,354

211

513

2>18

1,693

1,174

619

909

562

2,424

2,014

633

91

1,850

751

1,205

1,185

6

3

3

1

7

294

257

122

25

21

44

21

421

569

363

141

55

57

1,186

686

417

81

97

9M

437

430

224

286

211

1,024

788

331

25

723

481

396

387

1

1

1

6

99

29

29

6

5

17

6

204

251

96

31

6

12.

390

189

86

22

24

225

68

126

68

95

67

296

247

95

11

186

210

38
Table 16. Number and percent distribution of active optometristaby a~, recording toprimery activi~r secondary activi~, patients

seen weekly, services rendered to patients, and supplementary personnel assistance in optometric practice: United States,

1!%S-Con.

Characteristic

Alloptometrists in optometric practice, . . . . . . . . . . .

Primary activity:

General practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contact.lens fitting . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visualtraining/orthoptics.,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Developmental vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prescribing low-visionaids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Industrial vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Secondary activity:

General practice, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contact.lensfitting ...,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visualtreining/orthoptics..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Developmental vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prescribing low-visionaids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Industrial vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other ., .,.,., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nosecondary activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Patients seen wee kly:

Lessthan 25patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2549patients, . . . . ..m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50-74patlents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75-99patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100patientsormora .,,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Services rendered:

Refractions, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visual fields.,.,,,,....,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tonometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aniseikonictesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Biomicroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ophthalmoscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contact-lensfitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visualtraining/orthoptics..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Developmental vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prescribing low-visionaids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Visual readinessforreading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dispensingendadjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frama repairs ,.. ., .,,,,.. . . . . . . . . . ... ,...!. .

Fabrication ofeyeware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Supplementary personnel assistance in optometric practice:

Someassistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Noassistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Al I ages

Under

35 years

3544

years

45-54

years

75 years

and over

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

11.3

11.0

20.2

33.3

24.2

10.3

8.9

9.7

13.9

11.6

13.8

4.5

3.9

10.2

3.3

11.0

11.0

11.6

12.4

11.4

11.3

13.1

14.5

16.4

20.3

11.9

13.8

15.2

15.7

14.7

14.7

11.4

12.0

12.3

15.3

12.4

7.2

Percent distribution

29.5

29.3

39.1

38.1

34.5

10.3

32.2

24.9

34.6

24.6

29.5

23.2

19.8

23.7

17,8

21.5

29.4

33.4

34.7

34.8

29.5

31.2

33.4

27.7

35.7

30.7

33.7

31.0

33.2

32.2

31.6

29.9

31.1

32.4

33.3

31.8

21.2

36.2

36.5

30.4

14.3

25.3

40.0

69.0

34.4

33.4

38.0

32.4

40.5

34.6

41.9

33.8

31.7

30.3

37.6

37.7

38.4

39.5

36.3

36.3

36.8

35.4

33.3

37.0

37.4

34.9

33.6

35.6

36.0

36.8

37.2

36.2

33.7

36.5

35.2

14.2

14.4

8.5

9.5

11.5

20.0

10.3

11.1

17.4

10.8

17.7

9.7

25.7

24.4

19.5

20.9

17.2

15.1

12.7

11.0

10.6

14.2

12.9

11.2

13.8

8.7

13.7

11.7

12.9

11.8

12.2

11.9

14.2

13,0

12.6

12.7

12.9

19.0

6.6

6.7

1.5

4.8

3.4

20.0

7.8

10.9

2.4

11.1

5.2

9.6

7.2

9.8

17.7

13.9

5.6

3.8

3.2

3.0

6.6

5.1

3.4

5.3

1.6

5.4

3.0

4.7

4.3

4.0

4.4

6.0

5.1

5.0

3.5

5.0

12.1

2.2

2.2

0.3

1.1

20.0

6.7

3.7

0.3

2.7

1,2

2.3

2.7

3.0

8.6

6.1

1.4

0.8

0.3

0.6

2.1

1.4

0.7

1.4

0.4

1.3

0.5

1,4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.3

5.3
APPENDIX I

TECHNICAL NOTES ON METHODS

Background of This Report

The data presented in this report were collected as part of the 1968-69 Vision and Eye

Care Manpower Survey. The Survey, conducted

by the U.S. Bureau of the Census under contract

to the Division of Health Resources Statistics,

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS),

was designed to obtain information about the

demographic and professional characteristics of

optometrists engaged in providing direct health

care to the public.

Survey Coverage

The total number of optometrists, for purposes of this survey, was defined as all legally

registered persons licensed’ to practice optometry in any of the 50 States and the District of

Columbia. The most complete and readily

available list of these persons was The Blue Book

of 0ptometrists,5 which provided the names and

addresses of licensed optometrists in each State

and the District of Columbia. This list of 20,565

names and addressesbecame the original mailing

list for the survey.

A pretest of the questionnaire used for the

optometrists’ survey was conducted during the

period May-July 1968. Questionnaires w+re

mailed to two optometrists in each State and the

District of Columbia. After an initial mailout.

one mail followup, and a telephone followup, a

response rate of 91 percent was achieved. The

questionnaire proved to be an effective instrument. Only minor alterations w~re required for

the final questionnaire. (See appendix III for a

copy of the final questionnaire.)

51’?zeBlue Book of Optometrists: 1968, (Professional Press,

Inc., Chicago, 1968).

Data Collection and Pt’ocessing

The collection of data for the 1968 Manpower Survey was accomplished “under contract

with the U.S. Bureau of the Census. This agency

was responsible for mailing the questionnaires,

receipt and control procedures, coding the completed questionnaires in accordance with specifications established by NCHS, and for followup

whenever incomplete or inadequate questionnaires were returned or whenever a questionnaire was not returned.

For the actual survey, three mailouts were

employed in an attempt to elicit a response, the

first two by first-class mail, the last by certified

mail. All three mailings were made in every case

in which a return was not received.

Telephone contacts and personal interviews

were also used. They were employed in cases of

nonresponse or refusal, as well as in cases of

questionnaires that had been only partially completed.

A preliminary edit of the data was undertaken

at the time of the return of the survey questionnaires. This was done to insure completeness of

the responses. The data from the questionnaires

were coded, punched on cards, transferred to

computer tape, and sent to NCHS for processing. Processing included an elaborate series of

checks and cross-checks to confirm the

accuracy of responses, to correct coding and

punching errors that occurred, and also to insure

consistency between related items.

Responseto the Survey

A total of 20,565 optometrists were provided

by the original mailing list for the survey; 262

were eliminated. These were duplicate names

and military personnel. Military personnel were

40
eliminated because some were inaccessible. The

data provided in this report are for civilian

optometrists in the 50 States and the District of

Columbia. This amounted to 20,303 optometrists, or 98.7 percent of the original list.

A total of 18,533, or 91.2 percent of the

20,303, responded to the survey with usable

questionnaires. The remainder was composed

of: 699 nonrespondents (i.e., reasons unknown); 533 postmaster returns (i.e., unable to

locate); 308 deceased; and 230 refusals.

Of these 18,533 usable questionnaires (good

responses), 16,835, or 90.8 percent, were active

optometrists while 1,698 reported that they

were either retired or not currently engaged in

optometrical activities although not retired.

There is evidence to indicate that the responses

from active optometrists were better than those

from inactive optometrists.

Item Response

A response to the survey does not necessarily

insure adequate answers to all of the questions

on the questionnaire. In fact, a response to a

single question is considered a response to the

survey. This section will be concerned with the

nonresponses to individual questions on the

questionnaire, i.e., item nonresponse. The previous section discussed nonresponses to the survey as a whole, i.e., unit responses. This discussion will involve only the 18,533 good unit

responses because interest here concerns the

variability of responses to different questions.

Table I presents the distribution of responses to

selected questions on the questionnaire. Selection of the questions was based on their relevance to this report.

One can hardly avoid noticing the differences

in the percentages of responses to the individual

questions between the active and inactive respondents. At least 17 percent more active

respondents answered every question (among

those asked of both active and inactive optometrists) than did inactive respondents. Based on

this finding, it is not unrealistic to suspect that a

similar situation prevailed in terms of responses

to the questionnaire generally. A larger share of

the unit nonresponses were probably attributable to inactive persons than to those who

were active.

Imputation for Unknowns

As a matter of policy, tables in this publication are presented with item nonresponses

imputed. The allocation of the item nonresponses was done by computer, utilizing two

principles: first, random assignment; and second,

utilization of related information as category

controls to insure consistency among different

related items within the same record.

Assignment of values to replace item nonresponse is done on a random basis to prevent

bias. The value used to replace an item nonre- .

sponse is randomly selected from within a range “

of values prescribed by related information from

the record containing the item nonresponse.

Establishment of a range of values is necessary

to insure that the value used to replace the item

nonresponse will not be inconsistent with other

values within the record in which the value is

being placed.

An example may clarify the procedures. Mr.

Blank is 48 years of age. His year at graduation

is not known. It must be imputed. Age and year

at graduation are related items. In this case, Mr.

Blank’s age will be used as a category control to

choose an appropriate record from which a year

at graduation will be selected. By means of a

random selection process, Mr. Given’s record is

chosen because his age was 49. (The age category in this case could have been 48-50.) Thus,

Mr. Blank’s and Mr. Given’s ages were both in

the same category. Mr. Given’s year at graduation was listed as 1942. The year 1942 is then

copied into Mr. Blank’s record as his year at

graduation and will be counted in all tabulations

as if it were the actual year Mr. Blank had

provided on his questionnaire.

State and National Estimates

The statistics presented in this report were

inflated to allow for unit nonresponses, i.e., for

the nonavailability of entire questionnaires. This

“inflation” factor was the ratio of total optometrists to the number of usable (good) responses

obtained. Within each State the number of

optometrists was divided by the number of good

responses to obtain the increment needed to

41
Table 1. Number and ~ercent distribution of res~ondents to the questionnaire by question number and content,

according to acti~ty status: United States, 1968

Question number and content

All respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.

5.

6a.

6b.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13a.

16a.

16b.

18.

Inwhatyear wereyou born?.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sex? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

From which school of optometry did you

graduate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whendidyougraduate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whatdagreeshaveyouearned?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lnwhich Statesdo you currently hold an

activelicensetopracticeoptometry? . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . .

Areyoucurrentlyactiveinoptometry? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Which categories best describe your principal

form of employ merit ?...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How many weeks per year do you usually

practice optometry ?........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

How many hours per week do you usually

practice optometry ?........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Approximately what percent of the hours per

week do you usually spend in optometric

practice? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

in your optometric practice, approximately

how many patient visits for all purposes

doyouhave during a typical week? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Approximately how many patients does this

represent? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

In your optometric practice do you have supplementary

personnel to assist you? . . . . . . .. ~ . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

All

Inactive

respondents,

active

retired and

respondents

not retired

Number

16,835 I 1,698

Percent distribution

100.0

99.6

97.9

99.1

98.7

97.5

98.6

100.0

99.6

99.0

99.0

98.8

92.0

88.4

I

98.4

100.0

82.5

81.1

78.1

75.6

72.4

74.1

100.0

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

,..

adjust the statistics for the nonresponses. The Table II presents the number of respondents

increment multiplied by the number of respond- to the optometry manpower survey, the ratio

ents provided the inflated number of civilian weights, and the inflated numbers of active

optometrists (20,301). opt~metrists for each State.

42
Table 11, Number of optometrists by activity status, before and after inflation: United States and each State, 1968

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

California ., . ., ., . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Delaware, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DistrictofColumbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Florida . . ... .,.., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii ,... . . b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . .

Idaho . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

incflana .oo. .o. mom...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minnasota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Missouri, . ., .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NewJers6y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Mexico .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ohio, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South Carolina , , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . ?. . . . . . . . .

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Taxas ,, .,,,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Virginia, . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wisconsin ,., ,,,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometrist

Active

16,835

159

16

115

136

2,077

174

252

30

59

465

250

61

77

1,393

472

311

216

214

189

108

160

660

656

331

115

40Q

82

146

33

66

608

69

1,402

298

63

880

231

258

1,022

119

145

88

279

690

63

35

249

330

139

397

36

Inactive

1,698

11

1

3

3

231

10

7

3

12

38

15

4

5

262

27

22

20

8

15

9

17

87

59

43

8

45

6

16

2

1

27

2

178

19

4

86

12

27

150

10

6

7

27

62

10

1

9

37

10

22

2

Inflation

factors

1.10

1.13

1.06

1.10

1.11

1.08

1.08

1.03

1.18

1.21

1.06

1.05

1.05

1.12

1.16

1.08

1.08

1.05

1.07

1.12

1.05

1.09

1.09

1.08

1.07

1.05

1.08

1.08

1.06

1.08

1.06

1.11

1.03

1.14

1.08

1.15

1.07

1.07

1.06

1.12

1.11

1.07

1.07

1.06

1.09

1.18

1.08

1.10

1.08

1,06

1.08

1.13

Inflated

active

csptometrists

18,427

180

17

127

151

2,242

188

260

35

71

493

263

64

86

1,616

510

336

229

229

223

116

175

719

708

354

121

432

89

155

36

70

675

71

1,598

322

72

942

247

273

1,145

132

155

94

296

752

74

38

274

356

147

429

41

Inf Iated

inactive

optometrists

1,873

12

1

3

3

249

11

7

4

15

40

16

4

6

304

29

24

21

9

17

10

19

95

64

46

8

49

6

17

2

1

30

2

203

21

5

92

13

29

168

11

6

7

29

68

12

1

10

40

11

24

2

nfIated

total

20,301

192

18

130

154

2,492

199

267

39

86

533

278

68

92

1,920

539

360

250

238

240

125

194

814

772

400

129

461

95

172

38

71

705

73

1,801

342

77

1,034

260

302

1,313

143

162

102

324

820

86

39

284

396

158

453

43

43
APPENDIX II

DEFINITIONS OF CERTAIN TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT

Demographic Terms

Age. –Refers to the respondent’s age in 1968.

In all cases, it is calculated as the difference

between 1968 and respondent’s year of birth.

Geographic region and division.–The States in

which the respondent is licensed to practice

optometry are classified into four regions which

are further subdivided into nine divisions corresponding to those used by the U.S. Bureau of the

Census. These regions and divisions are as

follows:

Region and divisions

Northeast

New Engkmd . . . . . .

Middle Atlantic . . . .

North Central

East North Central . .

West North Central .

South

South Atlantic . . . . .

East South Central . .

West South Central .

West

Mountain . . . . . . . . .

Pacific . . . . . . . . . . .

States included

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania

Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan,

Wisconsin

Minnesota,Iowa, Missouri, North

Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska,

Kansas

Delaware, Maryland, District of

Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia,

North Carolina South Carolina,

Georgia, Florida

Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,

Texas

Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado,

New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada

Washington, Oregon, California,

Alaska, Hawaii

United States.–The 50 States and the District

of Columbia.

44

Terms Relating to Optometry

Licensed optometrist. –An individual who has

met the legal requirements to practice optometry in a given State or the District of Columbia.

0f2 t o m etric practice activity .–~roviding

vision care directly to the patient.

Optometrist. –An expert in measuring human

vision; educated, trained, and licensed to examine the eye and related structures to determine the presence of vision impairments, eye

diseases, vision malfunctions related to educational difficulties, or other abnormalities. He

prescribes and adapts lenses, contact lenses,

other optical aids, and utilizes vision training to

preserve, restore, and improve vision efficiency.

He may engage in research and teaching.

Part time.–An optometrist was classified as a

part-time worker if he reported that he usually

practices optometry less than 35 hours per

week.

Full time.–An optometrist who reported that

he usually practices optometry 35 hours or more

per week was classified as a full-time worker.

Short year.–The term “short year” describes

a work-year of less than 48 weeks per year

reported by an optometrist.

Full year. –The term “full yea” identifies a

work-year of 48 or more weeks per year reported by an optometrist.

Active. –Active optometrists are those who

reported that they were currently engaged, at

least part time, in the practice of optometry.

Inactive. –Inactive optometrists are those who

reported that they were not currently engaged in

optometry in any way. They may have been

working in some other occupation during the

survey.

Retired. –Retired optometrists were formerly

active in optometry, but reported that they are

currently retired from optometry and other

forms of employment.
APPENDIX Ill

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

PHS-T407-3

REV. 8-6B

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

8UREAU0F THE cENsus

ACTING AS COLLECTING AGENT FOR THIS

us. PuBLlc HEALTH SERVICE

CONFIDENTIAL: All information which permits

!hc idcntificmion of the individual will be held

wrictly confidential, will be used solely by

persons engaged in, and only for the purposes of

the survey and will not be disclosed or released

m other persons or for any other purpose.

SURVEY OF OPTOMETRISTS

Form Approved

Budget BureLw No. &S6L7028

1, Is your name correct, and is the address above your PRIMARY PLACE OF PRACTICE?

1 a Yes

I

20N0

If no, please enter the correct information below

Name:

First Mzddle Last

Primary place of practice:

Number streel

City Slate Zzp Code

2. In what year were you born?

( Year)

3. Where were you born?

(State or /oreign country)

4. Ate you a citizen of the United States? (Please check appropriate box)

I ra Yes, Native Born

z o Yes, Naturalized

aI_JNo

s. sex: t U Male

z ig Female

6. A. From which school of optometry did you graduate?

Name of School

Ctly Stateor Country

B. When did you graduate?

( Year gmduat ed)

45
7. What degrees have yau earned? ,( Check —all that apply)

1 a Doctor of Optometry

z ❑ Doctorate (Speci/y major field: )

3 D Master’s (Specify major field: )

4 a Bachelor’s (Specify major field )

5 ❑ Other (Speci/y: )

8. In which States da you currently hold an ACTIVE LICENSE ta practice optometry?

9.

10.

11.

12.

Are yau CURRENTLY ACT WE in optometry? (/nc/ur/e patient care, teaching, research, and administration)

In

L

Yes, Full-tire e 3

20 Yes, Part-time 4

PROCEED tO

Question 10.

m No, Not active in optometry

c1 No, Retired

v

STOP!

wnder of questionnaire does not apply. Pleose

return questionnaire in the envelope provided.

Which of the following categories best describes your PRINCIPAL form of employment? (Check ~)

01 c1

02 ❑

03 m

04 n

05 ❑

06 n

07 D

08 I-J

09 m

10 n

11n

Self-employed ‘– Solo practice

Self-employed - Partnership practice

If in partnership or group practice, how many

}

OPTOMETRISTS are there in the partnership

Self-employed - Group practice * or group COUNTING yoljRsELF?

Employed by - Military

Employed by - Government (non-military)

Number

Employed by – Optometrist(s)

Employed by - Ophthalmologist(s)

Employed by – Physician(s) other than ophthalmologist(s)

Employed by .– Firm or corporation (profit-making)

Employed by – Nonprefit organization or institution

Other (Speci/y: )

How many WEEKS per year do you usually practice optometry? (Include patient core, teaching, research, and

rrdministrat~o not count vacations as weeks worked.)

(Weeks per year)

How many HOUR S per week do you usually practice optometry? (Include patient core, teaching, research, and

administratiefr)

(Hours per week.)

46
13. APPROXIMATELY what PERCENT of the hours per week, indicated in Item 12 above, do you usually spend in

each of the following activities?

a. % Optometric practice

b. % Teaching in a school of optometry

c. % Optometric research

d. j%Administration ( Opfom etrzc ASSOCZ ation, etc. )

e. % Other (Sp eci/y: )

100 % TOTAL

If 0% of your time is spent in OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, (Item 13 a. above) STOP, and return ques.

tionnaire in the envelope provided: otherwise continue. 1

14. In your OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, which of the services below are rendered to your patients by you or under your

direction? (Check —all that apply)

Refractions

Visual fields

Tonometry

Aniseikouic testing

Biomicroscopy

Ophthalmoscopy

Contact lens fitting

Visual training/OrdlOpt ics

Developmental vision

Prescribing low visian sids

visual readiness for reading

Dispensing and adjusting

Frame repairs

Fabrication of eye-ware

Other (Speci/y: )

15. In your OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, what do YOU consider to be your PRIMARY, and your SECONDARY, activity?

A. PRIMARY activity: (Check —one)

Genernl practice

rontact lens fitting

Visual training/arrhoptics

Developmental vision

Prescribing low vision aids

Industrial vision

Other (Speci[y: )

lm

20

30

40

50

en

70

so

B. SECONDARY activity (Check ~

General practice

Contact lens fitting

Visual training/orthoptics

Developmental vision

Prescribing low vision aids

Industrial vision

Other (Speci/y: )

None

47
16. A. In your OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, APPROXIMATELY how many patient VISITS for all purposes do you have

during a typical week?

(Approximate number of w“sits)

B. APPROXIMATELY how many PATIENTS does this represent? (Patients with multiple visits should be counted

on/y once)

(Approximate number of patients)

17. Whet is the total number of office Iocatians at which you currently practice optametry?

(Number of locations)

18, In your PRINCIPAL FORM OF EMPLOYMENT, indicated in Item 10 above, do YOU have supplementary persannel

to assist you?

10

+

Yes 20N0

Please inrlicote the NUMBER in each cotegory below for ALL offices combined which are related to your

principa / form of empz

ff’ersans who spend less than 7’5% of their time in any one category below shou/d be counted in category b,

general optometric assistant) —

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

NUhf BER WHO WORK FULL-TIME NI. JMBERWHO WORK PART-TIME

(3.5 hours or more per week) (Less lhan 35 hours per u,cck)

FOR YOU FOR YOU AND FOR YOU

ALONE AsSOCIATES

FOR YOU AND

ALONE ASSOCIATES

Secretaries, Receptionists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General optometric assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometric technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dispensing opticians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contact lens technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optical technicians (SJoprnerr). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Orher (.SpVIf/Y: ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19. A.

B.

If you have made entries under FOR YOU AND ASSOCIATES in the full-time or part-time calumns in Item 18 above

how many associates, COUNTING YOURSELF, share these perscnnel?

(Nurnbm o/ associates)

Of these associates, how many are OPTOMETRISTS, COUNTING YOURSELF?

(A’wnber of optometrists)

COMMENTS - General comments are invited as well as comments on specific items:

I

PLEASE RETURN QUESTIONNAIRE IN THE STAMPED ENVELOPE PROVIDED. I

* U. S.GOVERNMENT PRINTINGOFPICE :1973 515-212/4~
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS PUBLICATION SERIES

Originally Public Health Service Publication No. 1000

1

L

Series 1.

Series 2.

Series 3.

Series 4.

Series 10.

Series 11.

Series 12.

Series 13,

Sevies 14.

Sevies 20.

Sem”es 21.

Series 22.

pro~ms and collection procedures. — Reports which describe the general programs of the National

Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions, data collection methods used, definitions,

and other material necessary for understanding the data.

DZta evaluation and methods reseurch. — Studies of new statistical methodology including: experimental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analytical

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, contributions to statistical theory.

Analytical studies. —Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health

statistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series.

Documents and committee reports. — Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and

health statistics, and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revised

Mrth and death certificates, *

Data from the Health Interview Swrvev. —Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use

of hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, based on data

collected in a continuing national household interview survey.

Data from the Health Examination Swrvey. —Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement of national samples of the civilian, noninstitutional population provide the basis for two types

of reports: (1) estimates of the medically defined prevalence of specific diseases in the United

States and the distributions of the population with respect to physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics; and (2) analysis of relationships among the various measurements without

reference to an explicit finite universe of persons.

DOta from the Institutional Population Surveys. — Statistics relating to the health characteristics of

persons in institutions, and their medical, nursing, and personal care received, based on national

samples of establishments providing these services and samples of the residents or patients.

Data from the Hospital Discharge Survey. —Statistics relating to discharged patients in short-stay

hospitals, based on a sample of patient records in a national sample of hospitals.

Data on health resowces: manpower and facilities. —Statistics on the numbers, geographic distribution, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other health

occupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities.

Data on movfulity. — Various statistics on mortality other than as included in regular annual or

monthly reports —special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables, a!so

geographic and time series analyses.

Data on natality, marria~e, and divorce. —Various statistics on natality, marriage, and divo~ce

other than as included in regular annual or monthly reports+ pecial analyses by demographic

variables, also geographic and time series analyses, studies of fertility.

Data from the National Natality and Mortality Surveys. — Statistics on characteristics of births

and deaths not available from the vital records, based on sample surveys stemming from these

records, including such topics as mortality by socioeconomic class, hospital experience in the

last year of life, medical care during pregnancy, health insurance coverage, etc.

For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write to: Office of Information

National Center for Health Statistics

Public Health Service, HSMHA

Rockville, Md. 20852
*

LLSMUL

Penalty for Private Use, $300

—