7/22/2014 1 MOVESCOGFBilFinal



### 2009 Billings and Great Falls, Montana, Carbon Monoxide
MOVES2010b On

- R oad Mobile Emissions Modeling

BACKGROUND In 2011, the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (Department)

, Air Resources Management Bureau, proposed revisi ng t wo state carbon monoxide (CO) Limited Maintenance

Plans (LMPs) . The revisions would involve alternative CO methods rather than the application of traditional gaseous analyzer for determining compliance wi th the CO National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) . The LMPs concern the CO maintenance areas in Billings and Great
Falls , Montana (MT) . The Department submitted the proposal to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) on July 13, 2011 with u pdated 1996 emission inventories (EIs) to 2009 levels for each respective CO maintenance area

. The updated EIs primarily used surrogates such as population for the area sources, except for onroad mobile emissions. In this case, annual average daily traffic (AADT) volume increase s from 1996 t o 2009 from the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) automatic traffic recorders (ATR) located in
each communit y were used to project the CO emissions

. The 1996 Billings on

- road mobile CO emissions were grown by 14 .4% based on the ATR data whereas the corresponding Great Falls CO emissions were grown by 6.3% (MDEQ, 2011a, 2011b)

. The USEPA did not agree with this methodology since the agency believed the CO emissions should decrease over time due to
cleaner vehicle fleet turnover. I n 2013, the USEPA informed the Department to use the current

on

- road mobile emissions model, Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES)

, to estimate the vehicle emissions using actual county vehicle registration data. In response, the Depart ment

use d t he latest MOVES model

, version 2010b

, with the 2010 Cascade County (Great Falls) and Yellowstone County (Billings) vehicle registration data

. T hese datasets were the only county vehicle registration data available at th at time . With USEPA concurrence, the Department

assume d these data were equivalent to their respective 2009 county vehicle registration data

. The on

- road mobile emissions model and relevant information are located on the USEPA
website

, http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/index.htm

.

The CO maintenance area s within each community are significantly different in size . The Billings

CO M aintenance A rea is approximately 35 square miles (mi 2 ) encompassing the Billings ur ban

area. The CO SLAMS (State and Local Monitoring Stations) monitor in Billings wa s the St Luke’s ( Site ID #30

- 111

- 0085) ; this monitor operated at the intersection of 2 nd Avenue North and
North 32 nd Street from 2004 to 2011

. The Great Falls CO M aintenance A rea is approximately 4 miles long and 1 block wide on 10 th Avenue South , between 2 nd and 54 th Streets South

. This road is also U.S. Routes 87 and 89, and State Routes 3 and 200. The CO monitoring SLAMS monitor (Site ID #30

- 013

- 0001) wa s located on this road and operated from 2001 through 2011

. Maps of the Billings and Great Falls CO M aintenance A reas are located in Appendi ces A.1 and A.2, respectively.

The Department contacted the MDT to provide the various MOVES input parameters such as vehicle miles traveled (VMT) for each CO maintenance area for the year 2009 . T he MDT can determine many of the MOVES parameters using a travel demand model , in this case,7/22/2014 2 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

TransCad ® version 6.0 software by Caliper Corporation ( http://www.caliper.com/ ). This
software combines geographic information systems (GIS) with the most current and sophisticated transportation planning and management tools. To facilitate the transportation modeling, the Department provided MDT the GIS layers for both CO maintenance areas to determine the daily VMTs (DVMT) within each respective CO maintenance area . Unfortunately,
the MDT provided only the 2010 DVMTs by High Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) road classification; the Department as sume d the 2010 DVMT s were equivalent to the corresponding

2009 DVMT s

. The MDT classifies the 10 th Avenue S outh in Great Falls a s an urban arterial

whereas the MDT classifies the Billings CO M aintenance A rea roadways as interstate, urban
arterial s , urban collectors, and urban locals without any rural roadways. For clarification, the Department did provide MDT a list of specific variables to model with TransCad necessary for input into MOVES including the following:

 Annual vehicle miles traveled ( VMT ) by H PMS road class

 Annual VMT by HPMS vehicle type

 Speed distribution by road type, hour, and vehicle type

Since the MDT data was limited, alternative sources of data were explored. One source was the 2012 Missoula Long Range Transportation Plan Update for Mi ssoula, MT . The 2012 Missoula LRTP incorporated CO and PM10 m odeled emissions from MOVES2010 a for the Missoula CO

M aintenance and PM10 N onattainment A reas , respectively ; PM10 is defined as particulate

matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns and l ess. T he Missoula PM10

N onattainment A rea is smaller and resides within the Missoula CO M aintenance A rea and

encompass es more urban Missoula area

, however, there were little difference s between the MOVES inputs for the two Missoula areas

. Maps of the Missoula CO M aintenance and PM10

N onattainment A reas are located in Appendi ces A.3 and A.4, respectively. The Missoula Office of Planning and Grants, Transportation Planning Division

, used TransCad to develop the MOVES inputs for the 2012 Missoula LRTP and contracted LSA Associates, Inc. , Irvine, California, to perform the associated MOVES modeling using t he 2 010 Missoula County vehicle registration
data

. Another source of MOVES inputs were t he national default data within MOVES which are primarily based on old 1990 and 1999 data . T he model uses internal growth factors to project
the se da ta to the model year of interest (EPA, 2010 a ). Rather than use these national defaults for missing data, the Department believe d the Missoula PM10 N onattainment Area MOVES

i nputs were more representative of both Cascade and Yellowstone Counties than the national defaults and therefore, applied the relevant data inputs from the Missoula PM10 MOVES modeling for the missing data ; these associated Missoula PM10 MOVES input will b e referred
as the 2012 Missoula LRTP data in this document

. The MOVES on

- road mobile emissions model

w as applied according to the following guidance:

 Using MOVES to Prepare Emission Inventories in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity: Technical Guidance for MOVES2010, 2010a and 2010b (USEPA, 2010 b )

 Using MOVES in Project

- Level Carbon Monoxide Analyses (USEP A , 2010c)7/22/2014 3 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

 Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES): User Guide for MOVES2010b (USEPA, 2012)

 User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor Model (USEPA, 2003)

The USEPA review ed the proposed Department MOVES modeling methodology and the agency concurred with the Department approach.

MOVES 2010b MODELING INPUTS The individual MOVES 2010b model inputs for both CO maintenance areas are addressed in the following main sections: the navigation panel and the County Data Manager (CDM) ; t he CDM
allows a user to import county

- specific data.

MOVES NAVIGATION PANEL:
Scale: County ; e ach county w as individually modeled

.

Time Span: Year = 2009; Months = January; Days = Weekdays; Hours = All hours. In Montana, the highest CO concentrations occur during the wintertime weekday along roadways from on

- road vehicle exhaust emissions.

Geographic Bounds: Montana, Casca de (Great Falls)/Y ellowstone Counties (Billings).

Vehicle Equipment, On

- Road Vehicles: Fuels = Diesel and Gasoline; Source Use Types = All vehicles type and fuel type combinations except for the following: Motorcycle, Gas only ; Combination Long

- haul Truck and Intercity Bus, Diesel Only . These three cases are MOVES defaults (NYDOT, 2014).

Road Type: Cascade (Great Falls) = Off

- Network (1) to account for start emissions and Urban Unrestricted (5 ) ; as discussed previously, the Great Falls CO M aintenance A rea is 1 block wide by about 4 miles long on 10 th Avenue S outh and the MDT classifies this road as an u rban

a rterial.
Yellowstone = Off

- Network (1) to account for start emissions, Ur ban Restricted or interstate (4)

, and Urban Unrestricted (5 ); Urban Unrestricted can represent urban arterials, urban collectors,
and urban locals which all occur red within t he Billings CO M aintenance A rea and MDT did not identify any rural roads.

Pollutants and Processes: CO

 Running Exhaust (MOVES process ID 1 for MOVES Road Types 4 and 5 )

 Start Exhaust (MOVES process ID 2 for MOVES Road Type 1 )

 Crankcase Running Exhaust (MOVES process ID 1 5 for MOVES Road Types 4 and 5 )

 Crankcase Start Exhaust (MOVES process ID 16 for MOVES Road Type 1 )7/22/2014 4 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Extended idling such as overnight idling of long

- haul trucks does not occur within either
maintenance areas so these emissions were not considered ; the relevant MOVES process IDs
are 17 and 19.

Manage Input Data Sets: NONE; the County Data Manager w as used.

Strategies: NONE; currently, the state does not have a retrofit emissions equipment control program and rate of progress only applies to State Implementation Plans (SIP s ) analysis for

certain ozone nonattainment areas.

Output: Mass Unit = Grams, Miles

. Output Emissions: H our and County ; Activity = Distance Travelled; for A ll Equipment/F uel Categories = Emission Process ; On Road = Road Type.

Advanced Performance Features: NONE; not required for S IP or regional transportation conformity and used for long model runs times.

MOVES COUNTY DATA MANAGER (CDM) : Age Distribution and Source Type Population: The 2010 county vehicle registration data for each county (the only county registration data available) w as used for these variable s and the Department assume d that the data were equivalent to their respective county 2009 vehicle registration data. There were three common vehicle types between the county data and MOVES source types: motorcycle, passenger car, and school bus. In the county registration database, four different weights were recorded: Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), Gross Curb Weight, Vehicle Weight, and Declared Gross Vehicle Weight. Only certain groups of weight data
were available for different vehicles. The Department developed each registration dataset into
the M OBILE6 16 vehicle classes ; MOBILE6 was the predecessor to the MOVES model

. Since the MOBILE6 vehicle registrations classifications are based on GVW ratings, the vehicles were first classified based on this rating. The remaining vehicles w ere grouped according to their maximum weights with professional judgement into the 16 MO BILE6 vehicle classes. These
classes w ere further delineated into the 25 model year (MY) MOBILE6 age categories. The
vehicles 1985 MY and older vehicles were classified as group 24 , then sequentially to group 0 (newest) which contained the 2009 and 2010 MY vehicles. U sing an USEPA worksheet tool , the 25 MOBILE6 age distribution dataset was converted into the MOVES 31 MY age categories and 13 vehicle types . The worksheet too l, R egistrationDistributionConverter_Veh16, was obtained from the following USEPA MOVES tools website: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/tools.htm#mobile6inputs

. Although there were more age classes in the MOVES age distribution profile, the oldest 3 to 4 age classes (28 through 30)

were generally represented by zeros (0) from the normalization of the data in the previous MY
classes.

The Source (vehicle) Type Population variable determines the start and idle emissions calculated by MOVES. The MOBILE6 vehicle types were converted into the MOVES vehicles7/22/2014 5 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

using Table A.1 in the MOVES technical guidance (USEPA, 2010b). The results of the v ehicle
class distribution from MOBILE6 to MOVES for both counties are listed in Appendix B.

Average Speed Distribution ( s peed distribution by road type, hour, and vehicle type): The MDT
could not provide this information; therefore

, two options were avail able: (1) national defaults

and (2) 2012 M issoula LRTP. As discussed previously, t he 2012 Missoula LRTP was considered more representative of the CO maintenance areas than national defaults so this was the source of the average speed distribution data, specifically, the corresponding Missoula PM10

N onattainment A rea MOVES inputs. The complete 2012 Missoula LRTP PM10 N onattainment

A rea average speed distribution was used for th e Billings CO M aintenance A rea since all urban road types occurred in both areas.

For the Great Falls CO M aintenance A rea, another method w as u sed since this CO area is

restricted to a single urban arterial ( MOVES road type 5). The posted speed limit on this road is 35 miles per h our (mph). The average MOVES bin for this speed is Speed Bin # 8 which corresponds to a speed range of 32.5 to 37.5 mph. T he Missoula PM10 average speed
distribution w as used as a template ; any fraction of speed that occurred in the Missoula PM10 speed distribution greater than Speed Bin #8, w as normally distributed to the fractions in Speed

Bin s # 1 (2.5 mph) through # 8 (35 mph)

.

For both CO maintenance areas, off

- network road type average speed distribution data did not

exist since this road type repre sent s the start and crankcase start emissions.

Fuel Types and Technologies: Originally, the distribution of the fuel type would be determined
from each respective county vehicle registration data . The county registration data noted the
different fuel ty pes : gasoline, diesel, flexible fuel, gasohol, electric, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), hybrid, and solar; gasoline and diesel were the overwhelmingly dominate fuel types. However, after examining the fuel data , the data did no t seem reasonable; for example, gasoline fuel usage existed in the Combination Long

- haul Trucks vehicle category which in the MOVES model is not a viable option; therefore, the MOVES
default file was used.

Fuel (Formulation and Supply): The state does not have an ethanol refinery or production facility at this time; however, the communities of Missoula and Billings do have the capacity to blend ethanol into gasoline

. Missoula is the only community in Montana that has a wintertime

oxygena ted fuel program require d in the Missoula CO M aintenance A rea; oxygenated fuel is sold in Missoula from November 1 through February 28 ( http: //www.co.missoula.mt.us/airquality/AbouttheAirProgram/Regulations/Ch10Sub1Oxygen atedFuels.pdf ). According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) State Energy Data System, about 6.4% of gasoline consumed in Montana contained denatured ethanol i n 2009 ( http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds

- data

- complete.cfm?sid=MT#Consumption ) ; t herefore, it

was assumed 10% of the gasoline sold in both communities w as ethano l

- based during the 2009

wintertime

. Appendix C lists the gasoline , ethanol, and diesel fuel form ulations used for both Great Falls and Billings CO M aintenance A reas ; m ost of the data in this table w ere obtained7/22/2014 6 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

from the 2012 Missoula LTRP. However, since the 2012 Missoula LTRP used MOVES2010a compared to the more current version, the fuel properties, t50 and t90, are now required MOVES input values. These parameters indicate the temperature ( Fahrenheit, F) when 50% and 90% of the fuel is vap or which affects the hydrocarbon exhaust emissions, not important in this analysis. T hese parameters were arbitrarily set to 192.423 and 304.466, respectively. Finally,

t he 2012 Missoula LRTP was the source of the fuel supply parameters.

Meteorological Inputs: Ambient air temperature and relative humidity data were required for MOVES input. The daily minimum and maximum ambient temperature data from a National Weather Station in each city (Billings Logan International Airport and Great Falls International Airport ) for the month of January 2009 w as obtained from the following website: http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/qclcd/QCLCD

. Th e weekend data was excluded and the remaining
data was used with the USEPA tool Meteorological Data Converter Mobile6 spreadsheet
obtained from the MOVES tool website. This tool develop ed the MOVES m eteorology (ZoneMonthHour) variable for a 24

- hour period

. Fo r the Billings airport, the minimum and

maximum average ambient te mperatures for January 2009 were 21.5 and 41.3° F (degrees Fahrenheit), respectively, whereas the corresponding Great Falls data were 17.2 and 39.6° F, respectively. R elative humidity is an important variable for CO only when the ambient
temperatures are above 75° F so this variable was set arbitrary to 50% relative humidity (Choi et al., 2010).

Ramp Fraction: The MOVES ramp default is 8% of the urban restricted (interstate) road vehicle

hours traveled ; this default w as used for the Billings CO M aintenanc e A rea only since the Great
Falls M aintenance A rea does not encompass any interstate roadways

.

Road Type Distribution (RoadTypeDistribution): This variable pertains to the f raction of source (vehicle) type VMT on different road types. The MDT provided the VMT by road type for each community area of interest , but t he MDT did not provide this information by source so t he
2012 Missoula LRTP w as used for this parameter

.

Vehicle Type VMT, VMT by HPMS vehicle class (HPMSVTypeYear): This parameter describes how much a vehicle type travels on public roads. The annual VMT by the 6 HPMS vehicle types by year, month, day, and hour were required input which the MDT did not provide. In this case,
the associated Excel workbook for the 2012 Missoula LRTP was used as the best estimate for
both CO maintenance areas ; however, this parameter was modified. Table 1 lists the HPMS
data for the Missoula PM10 N onattainment A rea and the corresponding percentage of the total annual HPMS by vehicle type (source).

Table 1: 2010 Missoula PM10 Nonattainment Area HPMS Data.

HPMS Vehicle Type Description HPMSBaseYearVMT Percentage (%)

10 Motorcycle 2,316,103 0. 9

20 Passenger Car 107,120,215 41

. 57/22/2014 7 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

HPMS Vehicle Type Description HPMSBaseYearVMT Percentage (%)

30 Passenger and

Light Commercial Truck 109,445,105 42

. 5

40 Bus 1,630,666 0. 6

50 Single Short

- haul Truck and

Single Long

- haul Truck 7,845,595 3 .0

60 Combin ation Short

- haul Truck and

Combination Long

- haul Trucks 29,677,783 11

. 5

Total 258,035,467 100 .0

The MDT provided the DVMTs for each maintenance area as listed in Table 2.

Table 2: MDT TransCad 2010 DVMTs 1 for the Billings and Great Falls CO Maintenance Areas.

Billings CO Maintenance Area

Road Type DMVT

Interstate 158,186

Principal Arterials 710,400

Minor Arterials (non

- interstate) 234,329

Urban Arterials 126,285

Local 127,847

Total 1,357,047

Great Falls CO Maintenance Area

Road Type DMVT

Principle Arterials (non

- interstate) 125,383

1 DVMTs = daily vehicle miles traveled.

The Department assumed the percentages listed in Table 1 were applicable to both CO

m aintenance a rea s . The total Billings and Great Falls DMVTs in Table 2 were multiplied by 365, as suggested by MDT, to develop the total annual VMTs for each area , then the fractions were applied to develop the HPMS type population used in the MOVES modeling in each respective

CO area

.

I/M Programs (IMCovera ge): NONE ; a state vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) program

has never existed in the state.

RESULTS
The results from the MOVES on

- road emissions modeling for both the Billings and Great Falls

CO M aintenance A reas are presented based on road type, depending upon the maintenance7/22/2014 8 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

area: Off

- Network (1), Urban Restricted or i nterstate (4), and Urban Unrestricted (5). The

MOVES road type Urban Arterial (5) can also represent u rban arterials, urban c ollectors and

u rban l ocals. These road type e missions were further delineated by the CO emission process: start exhaust, crankcase start exhaust, crankcase running exhaust, and running exhaust.
To determine the on

- road CO mobile emissions, daily vehi cle miles traveled (DVMT) data w ere required; the M DT provided these data as listed in Table 2

.

Billings CO Maintenance Area: The MOVE S modeling results for th e Billings CO M aintenance

A rea are listed in Table 3

.

Table 3 : 2009 Billings CO Maintenance Area MOVES Modeling Results.

Road Type MOVES Road Type Process Description CO (grams per wintertime weekday )

Off

- Network 1 2 Start Exhaust 60,105,020.70

1 16 Crankcase Start Exhaust 7,487.54

Urban Interstate 4 1 Run ning Exhaust 4

, 613

, 994

. 81

4 15 Crankcase Running Exhaust 1,666.19

Urban Arterial

, Collectors, and
Local 5 1 Run ning Exhaust 40

, 499

, 812

. 70

5 15 Crankcase Running Exhaust 15,239.45

Total 105

, 243

, 221.39

A total of 1 05

, 243

, 221

. 39 grams (g) of CO wa s emitted per winter weekday (day) in the Billings

CO M aintenance A rea. The MOVES results also included the total distance traveled in miles per
wintertime week day ( 1,403

, 459 VMT/day). By dividing the total wintertime weekday emissions by the total wintertime weekday distance traveled ( 105

, 243

, 221

. 39 g/ day ÷ 1,403

, 459

VMT /day), the amount of grams of CO emitted per vehicle mile ( 74.99 g/ VMT ) was calculated

. The MDT provided the daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) within the CO maintenance (1 ,357,047 DVMT). By multiplying the DVMT and CO emissions per VMT (1 ,357,047 DVMT x

74.99 g/ VMT ), the total grams (1 01

, 764

, 954

. 53 g) of CO emitted per day was calculated . By

c onvert ing the mass into tons

, 1 12.18 tons of CO per wintertime weekday was emitted in the thirty

- five mi 2 of the Billings CO M aintenance A rea.

Great Falls CO Maintenance Area : The MOVE S modeling results for th e Great Falls M aintenance

A rea are listed in Table 4

.

Table 4 : 2009 Great Falls CO Maintenance Area MOVES Modeling Results.

Road Type MOVES Road Type Process Description CO ( grams per wintertime weekday )

Off

- Network 1 2 Start Exhaust 39,352,582.507/22/2014 9 MOVESCOGFBilFinal Road Type MOVES Road Type Process Description CO ( grams per wintertime weekday )

1 16 Crankcase Start Exhaust 4,891.41

Urban Arterial 5 1 Run ning Exhaust 27,041,279.16

5 15 Crankcase Running Exhaust 10,070.67

Total 66,408,823.74

A total of 66

, 408

, 823

. 74 grams (g) of CO per wintertime week day (day) wa s emitted in the

Great Fa lls CO M aintenance A rea. The MOVES results also included the total distance traveled
in miles per wintertime week day ( 731

, 153 VMT/day ). By dividing the total wintertime weekday emissions by the total wintertime wee kday distance traveled ( 66

, 408

, 823

. 74 g/ day ÷ 731

, 153 VMT/day), the amount of grams of CO emitted per vehicle mile (90.83 g/ VMT ) was calculated

. The MDT provided the daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) on 10 th Avenue South (125,383 DVMT). By multiplying the DVMT and CO emissions per mile (125,383 DVMT x 90.83 g/ VMT ), then the total grams (1 1 ,3 88,537.89 g) of CO emitted per wintertime week day was calculated

. By convert ing the resulting value into tons, 12.55 tons per wintertime week day of CO was

emitted in the Great Falls CO M aintenance A rea.

CONCLUSIONS The Billings and Great Falls CO Maintenance Areas emitted 112.18 and 12.55 tons of CO per wintertime weekday, respectively, in 2009 using the USEPA MOVES 2010b on

- road mobile
emissions model.7/22/2014 10 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

REFERENCES : Choi, David Choi, Megan Beardsley, David Brzezinski, John Koupal, and James Warila. 2010. MOVES Sensitivity Analysis: The Impacts of Temperature and Humidity on Emissions. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. September 2010.
MDEQ. 2011a. Billings Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area Update 1996

– 2009

. A ir Resource Management Bureau. Permitting and Compliance Division. Montana Department of Environmental Quality. January 2011. MDEQ. 2011b. Great Falls Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area Update 1996

– 2009

. Air Resource Management Bureau. Permitting and Co mpliance Division. Montana Department of Environmental Quality. January 2011.
Missoula MPO. 2012. 2012 Missoula Lang Range Transportation Plan Update . Office of Planning and Grants. Montana Department of Transportation. Mountain Line. LSA Associates, Inc. Missoula Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2012.

NYDOT. 2014. User’s Guide : Development of MOVES Emission Factors For Project

- Level Air Quality. Environmental Science Bureau. Office of En vironment. New York State Department of Transportation. January 2014.

USEPA. 2003. User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor

Model

. EPA

- 420

- R

- 03

- 010. Assessment and Standards Division. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. August 2003.

USEPA. 2010a. MOVES2010 Highway Vehicle: Population and Activity Data . EPA

- 420

- R

- 10

- 026. Assessment and Standards Division. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. November 2010.

USEPA. 2010 b

. Using MOVES to Prepare Emission Inventories in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity: Technical Guidance for MOVES2010, 2010a and 2010b . EPA

420

- B

- 12

- 028. Transportation and Climate Division. Office of Transp ortation and Air Quality.

U.S. E nvironmental Protection Agency. April 2010.

USEPA. 2010c. Using MOVES in Project

- Level Carbon Monoxide Analyses . EPA

- 420

- B

- 10

- 041. Transportation and Regional Programs Division. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. December 2010.

USEPA. 2012. Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES): User Guide for MOVES2010b

. EPA

- 420

- B

- 12

- 001b. Assessment and Standards Division. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. U.S. Environmental Protectio n Agency. June 2012.7/22/2014 A 1 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Appendix A.1: Map of the Billings CO Mainten a n c e Area.7/22/2014 A 2 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Appendix A.2: Map of the Great Falls CO Mainten an c e Area.7/22/2014 A 3 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Appendix A.3: Map of the Missoula CO Mainten an ce Area.7/22/2014 A 4 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Appendix A.4: Map of the Missoula PM10 Nonattainment Area.7/22/2014 B1 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Appendix B: 2010 MOVES Cascade and Yellowstone Counties Vehicle Registration Data.

MOVES Code Vehicle Type Cascade County Yellowstone Co unty

11 Motorcycle 9,618 15,584

21 Passenger Car 37,799 71,312

31 Passenger Truck 27,590 46,132

32 Light Commercial Truck 11,024 18,388

41 Intercity Bus 6 42

42 Transit Bus 4 25

43 School Bus 247 347

51 Refuse Truck 22 40

52 Single Unit Short

- haul Truck 1,148 1,750

53 Single Unit Long

- haul Truck 80 119

54 Motor Home 162 217

61 Combination Short

- haul Truck 357 653

62 Combination Long

- haul Truck 271 509

Total 88,328 155,1187/22/2014 C1 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Appendix C: MOVES Fuel Formulation for Billings and Great Falls CO Maintenance Areas.

Fuel Formulation ID 9417 9358 20015

Gas Ethanol Diesel
Fuel Subtype ID 10 12 20

RVP 12.5 12.5 0

Sulfur Level 30 30 15

ETOH Volume 0 10 0

MTBE Volume 0 0 0

ETBE Volume 0 0 0

TAME Volume 0 0 0

Aromatic Content 21.2179 21.2179 0

Olefin Content 10.43 10.43 0

Benzene Content 0.5705 0.5705 0

e200 53.6227 53.6227 0

e300 88.4874 88.4874 0

BioDiesel Ester Volume 0 0 0

Cetane Index 0 0 0

PAH Content 0 0 0

T50 192.423 192.423 0

T90 304.466 304.466 07/22/2014 D 1 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Appendix D : 2009 Billings CO Maintenance Area MOVES Run Specification File.

<runspec>

<description><![CDATA[2009 Billings, MT, Carbon Monoxide (CO) Maintenance Area: 2010 Yellowstone County Vehicle Registration]]></description> <modelscale value="Inv"/> <modeldomain value="SINGLE"/> <geographicselections>

<geographicselection type="COUNTY" key="30111" description="MONTANA

- Yellows tone County"/> </geographicselections> <timespan>

<year key="2009"/> <month id="1"/> <day id="5"/> <beginhour id="1"/> <endhour id="24"/> <aggregateBy key="Hour"/> </timespan>

<onroadvehicleselections>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid=" 2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short

- haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection f ueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid ="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Di esel Fuel" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" source typeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcety peid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcety peid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Pass enger Car"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/>

<onroadv ehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long

- haul Truck"/>

< onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/> </onroadvehic leselections>
<offroadvehicleselections>7/22/2014 D 2 MOVESCOGFBilFinal </offroadvehicleselections>

<offroadvehiclesccs> </offroadvehiclesccs> <roadtypes>

<roadtype roadtypeid="1" roadtypename="Off

- Network"/> <roadtype roadtypeid="4" roadtypename="Urban Restricted Access"/>

< roadtype roadtypeid="5" roadtypename="Urban Unrestricted Access"/> </roadtypes> <pollutantprocessassociations>

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaus t"/> <pollutan tprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Run ning Exhau st"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Sta rt Exhaust"/> </pollutantprocessassociations>

<databaseselections> </databaseselections> <internalcontrolstrategies>

< internalcontrolstrategy classname="gov.epa.otaq.moves.master.implementation.ghg.internalcontrolstrategies.rateofprogress.Rate OfProgressStrategy"><![CDATA[

useParameters No

]]></internalcontrolstrategy> </internalcontrolstrategies> <inputdatabase servern ame="" databasename="" description=""/> <uncertaintyparameters uncertaintymodeenabled="false" numberofrunspersimulation="0" numberofsimulations="0"/> <geographicoutputdetail description="COUNTY"/> <outputemissionsbreakdownselection>

<modelyear selecte d="false"/> <fueltype selected="false"/> <emissionprocess selected="true"/> <onroadoffroad selected="true"/> <roadtype selected="true"/> <sourceusetype selected="false"/> <movesvehicletype selected="false"/> <onroadscc selected="false"/>

<o ffroadscc selected="false"/> <estimateuncertainty selected="false" numberOfIterations="2" keepSampledData="false" keepIterations="false"/> <sector selected="false"/> <engtechid selected="false"/> <hpclass selected="false"/>

< /outputemissionsbreakdownselection> <outputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="yelbilcooutput" description=""/> <outputtimestep value="Hour"/>7/22/2014 D 3 MOVESCOGFBilFinal <outputvmtdata value="true"/> <outputsho value="false"/> <outputsh value="false"/> <outputshp value="false"/> <outputshidling value="false"/> <outputstarts value="false"/> <outputpopulation value="true"/> <scaleinputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="yelbilcoin" description=""/> <pmsize value="0"/> <outputfactors>

<timefactors se lected="true" units="Hours"/> <distancefactors selected="true" units="Miles"/> <massfactors selected="true" units="Grams" energyunits="Joules"/> </outputfactors>

<savedata>

</savedata>

<donotexecute>

</donotexecute>

<generatordatabase shoulds ave="false" servername="" databasename="" description=""/>

<donotperformfinalaggregation selected="false"/> <lookuptableflags scenarioid="" truncateoutput="true" truncateactivity="true"/> </runspec>7/22/2014 E 1 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Appendix E: 2009 Great Falls CO Maintenance Area MOVES Run Specification File.

<runspec>

<description><![CDATA[2009 Great Falls Carbon Monoxide (CO) Maintenance Area: 2010 Cascade County, MT, Vehicle Registration Data]]></description> <modelscale value="Inv"/> <modeldomain value="SINGLE"/> <geographicselections>

<geographicselection type="COUNTY" key="30013" description="MONTANA

- Cascade County"/> </geographicselections>

<ti mespan>

<year key="2009"/> <month id="1"/> <day id="5"/> <beginhour id="1"/> <endhour id="24"/> <aggregateBy key="Hour"/> </timespan>

<onroadvehicleselections>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Di esel Fuel" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel " sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="31" s ourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="Sc hool Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Sho rt

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fu eltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypede sc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short

- haul Truck"/> <onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/> </onroadvehicleselections>

<offroadvehicleselections>7/22/2014 E 2 MOVESCOGFBilFinal </offroadvehiclese lections>
<offroadvehiclesccs> </offroadvehiclesccs> <roadtypes>

<roadtype roadtypeid="1" roadtypename="Off

- Network"/> <roadtype roadtypeid="5" roadtypename="Urban Unrestricted Access"/> </roadtypes> <pollutantprocessassociations>

<pollutantproc essassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust" /> <polluta ntprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exh aust"/> <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/> </pollutantprocessassociations>

<databaseselections> </databaseselections> <internalcontrolstrategies> <internalcontrolstrategy classname="gov.epa.otaq.moves.master.implementation.ghg.internalcontrolstrategies.rateofprogress.RateOfProgressStrategy"><![C DATA[

useParameters No

]]></internalcontrolstrategy> </internalcontrolstrategies> <inputdatabase servername="" databasename="" d escription=""/> <uncertaintyparameters uncertaintymodeenabled="false" numberofrunspersimulation="0" numberofsimulations="0"/> <geographicoutputdetail description="COUNTY"/> <outputemissionsbreakdownselection>

<modelyear selected="false"/> <fueltype selected="false"/> <emissionprocess selected="true"/> <onroadoffroad selected="true"/> <roadtype selected="true"/> <sourceusetype selected="false"/> <movesvehicletype selected="false"/> <onroadscc selected="false"/>

<offroadscc selected="fals e"/> <estimateuncertainty selected="false" numberOfIterations="2" keepSampledData="false" keepIterations="false"/> <sector selected="false"/> <engtechid selected="false"/> <hpclass selected="false"/> </outputemissionsbreakdownselection> <outputda tabase servername="localhost" databasename="gfcoout" description=""/> <outputtimestep value="Hour"/> <outputvmtdata value="true"/>7/22/2014 E 3 MOVESCOGFBilFinal <outputsho value="false"/> <outputsh value="false"/> <outputshp value="false"/> <outputshidling value="false"/>

< outputstarts value="false"/> <outputpopulation value="true"/> <scaleinputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="casgfcoout" description=""/> <pmsize value="0"/> <outputfactors>

<timefactors selected="true" units="Hours"/>

<distancefactors se lected="true" units="Miles"/> <massfactors selected="true" units="Grams" energyunits="Joules"/> </outputfactors>

<savedata>

</savedata>

<donotexecute>

</donotexecute>

<generatordatabase shouldsave="false" servername="" databasename="" description=""/>

<donotperformfinalaggregation selected="false"/> <lookuptableflags scenarioid="" truncateoutput="true" truncateactivity="true"/> </runspec>