PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

The publications of the United States Geological Survey consists of (1) Annual Reports; (2) Monographs; (3) Professional Papers; (4) Bulletins; (5) Mineral Resources; (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers; (7) Topographic Atlas of the United States, folios and separate sheets thereof; (8) 

Geologic Atlas of United States, folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost 

of publication; the others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists may be had on application. 

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of subjects, and 

the total number issued is large. 'fhey have therefore been classified into the following series: A, 

Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology and paleontology; D, Petrography 

and mineralogy; E, Chemistry aad physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, General hydrographic investigations; N, Water power; 0, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports. 

The following Water-Supply Papers are out of stock, and can no longer be supplied: Nos. 1--16, 19, 

20, 22, 29-34, 36, 39--40, 4~, 46, 57-{)5, 75. Complete lists of papers relating .to water supply and allied 

subjects follow. (PP=Profcssional Paper; B=Bullctin; \YS=Watcr-Supply Paper.) 

SERIES I- -IRRIGATION. 

WS 2. Irrigation near Pho,Jnix, Ariz., by A. P. Davis. 1897. 98 pp., 31 pis. and maps. 

~ 5. Irrigation practice on the Great Plains, by E. B. Cowgill. 1897. 39 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 9. Irrigation near GreEJley, Colo., by David Boyd. 1897. 90 pp., 21 pis. 

WS 10. Irrigation in Mesilla. Valley, New Mexico, by F. C. Barker. 1898. 51 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 13. Irrigation systems in Texas, by W. F. Hutson. 1898. 68 pp., 10 pis. 

WS 17. Irrigation near Bakersfield, Cal., by C. E. Grunsky. 1898. 96 pp., 16 pis. 

WS 18. Irrigation near Fresno, Cal., by C. E. Grunsky. 1898. 94 pp., 14 pis. 

WS 19. Irrigation near Merced, Cal., by C. E. Grunsky. 1899. 59 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 23. Water-right problems of Bighorn Mountains, by Elwood Mead. 1899. 62 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 32. Water resources of Porto Rico, by H. M. Wilson. 1899. 48 pp., 17 pis. and maps. 

WS 43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 1001. 86 pp., 

15 pis. 

WS 70. Geology and water resources of th~ Patrick and Goshen Ilolc quadrangles, Wyoming, by G. I. 

Adams. 1002. 50 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 71. Irrigation systems of Texas, by T. U. Taylor. 1002. 137 pp., 9 pis. 

WS 74. Water resources of the State of Colorado, by A. L. Fellows. 1902. 151 pp., 14 pis. 

WS 87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

WS 93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the reclamation service, with accompanying 

papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 361 pp. 

The following papers also relate especially to irrigation: Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, in 

Twelfth Annual, Pt. II; two papers on irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, in Thirteenth Annual, 

Pt. III. 

SEJUES J-WATER STORAGE. 

WS 33. Storage of water on Gila River, Arizona, by J. B. Lippincott. 1000. 98 pp., 33 pis. 

WS 40. The Austin dam, by T. U. Taylor. 1000. 51 pp., 16 pis. 

WS 45. Water storage on Cache Creek, California, by A. E. Chandler. 1901. 48 pp., 10 pis. 

WS 46. Physical characteristics of Kern River, California, by F. II. Olmsted, and Reconnaissance of 

Yuba River, California, by Marsden Manson. 1001. 57 pp., 8 pis. 

WS 58. Storage of water on Kings River, California, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902. 100 pp., 32 pis. 

WS 68. Water storage in Truckee Basin, California-Nevada, by L. H. Taylor. 1902. 90 pp., 8 pis. 

WS 73. Water storage on Salt River, Arizona, by A. P. Davis. 1902. 54 pp., 25 pis. 

WS 86. Storage reservoirs on Stony Creek, California, by Burt Cole. 1903. 62 pp., 16 pis. 

WS 89. Water resources of Salinas Valley, California, by Homer Hamlin. 1904. 91 pp., 12 pis. 

WS 93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the reclamation service, with accompanying 

papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 361 pp. 

The following paper also should be noted under this heading: Reservoirs for irrigation, byJ. D. 

Schuyler, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV. 

[Continued on tllird page of cover.] 

IRR 115-2 
Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. ltfi Series N, Water Power, 10 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR 

RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES 

MADE DURING 1903 

ARRANGED BY 

w. CARVEL HALL AND JOHN c. HOYT 

WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1905 

age 11. 

age 14. 

age 19. 

age 24. 

age 30. 

age 47. 

age 56. 

age 6') 

age 73. 

age 76. 

age 103. 

ERRATA. 

[Water-Supply Paper No. 115, United States Geological Survey.] 

Fig. 1 should have had the title "Profile of Catawba River from Marion 

to Connelly Springs, N. C.," and been placed at page 13. 

Pl. II should have had the title '' Profile of Tallulah River below Blalock, 

Ga.," and been placed at page 18. 

Fig. 2 should ha\'e had the title "Profile of Tugaloo River below Tallulah 

Falls, Ga.," and been placed at page 23. 

Fig. 3 should have had the title "Profile of Savannah River from Andersonville, S. C., to Lisbon, Ga.," aml been placed at 29. 

Pl. III should have had the title "Profile of South and crcmnlgee rivers 

from Constitution to Macon, Ga.,'' and been placed at page 46. 

Fig. 6 should have had the title "Profile of Alcovy River below Dabney's 

bridge, Georp;ia," and been placed at page 56. 

Fig. 8 shoultl have had the title "Profile of upper Chattahoochee River 

from Nacoochee, Ga., to junction with Chestatee River," and been 

placed at page 61. 

Fig. 10 should have had the title "Profile of lower Chattahoochee River 

from West Point to Columbus, Ga.," and been placed at page 71. 

Fig. 12 should have hatl the title "Profile of Chestatee River below Willow, Ga.," and been plaeed at page 77. 

Pl. IV should have had the title "Profile of Chippewa River from Reeds 

Landing, Minnesota, to Flambean, "Wis.," and been placed at page 98. 

Fig. 18 should have had the title" Pmfile of Buffalo River from Flatwoods 

to Lobelville, Tenn.," and been placed at page 11. 

CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Letter of transmittal ____ . _ . ______________________ . __________________ . . . . . . . 7 

Introduc-tion _________ . _____________ . _______ . ____________ ........ -. . . . . . . . . 9 

Acknowledgments._. ___ . _ .. _ . _____ . ____________________ . ____________ . . . . . . . 10 

Buffalo River from Flatwoods to Lobelville, Tenn. _____ . _____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

Cataba River from Halltown Road to Connelly Springs, N.C._ .. _ ...... _........ 13 

Tallulah River below Blalock, Ga. ___ . _______ . ________________________ . . . . . . . 18 

Tugaloo River bPlow Tallulah Falls, Ga. _______________________________ . . . . . . . 23 

Savannah River from Andersonville, S. C., to Lisbon, Ga. ________________ ....... 29 

Chattooga River below Russell, S. C. _______ . _ . _____________ ... __ .... _ . . . . . . . . 34 

Broad River below Carnesville, Ga. _____ . ______ ._. ____________ . _______ ....... 39 

South and Ocmulgee rivers from Constitution to Macon, Ga ___ . ___ . _____ . . . . . . . 46 

Yell ow River below Yellow River, Ga. ___________ . _ .. _ . ______ . ___ . _ . __ . . . . . . . 51 

Alcovy River below Dabney's bridge, Ga. ___________ . _______ .. _. _____ . _.. . . . . . 55 

Towaliga River below Highfalls, Ga _______________ . _ . __ . ____ . _ ..... ___ . . . . . . . 58 

Chattahoochee River from Chestatee to Sautee, Ga._ .. ________ . _ . _ . _____ ..... _ . 61 

Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Frank1in, Ga~ .. _____ . _______ .. __ . _ _ 66 

Chattahoochee River from West Point to Columbus, Ga ... ______ .. _______ . . . . . . . 71 

Soque River below Clarkesville, Ga. ____ ._ .. ________ . __ . _ . ____ . __ .. ________ . _ _ 74 

Chestatee River below Willow, Ga. ____ . _____________________ ... ___ . ___ . . . . . . . 76 

Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, Tenn. _____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 

N ottely River below Blairsville, Ga. ___ .. ________ . ____ . _____ ........ ___ . . . . . . . 87 

Toccoa River below Dial, Ga. ______ . ______ .. ___ . ________________ . ____ ...... _ 92 

Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, to Flambeau, Wis.... . . . . . . . . . . 97 

Index ____ .. _ . _______ ... _ . _ . _____ ... __ . ____ .. ___ . __ . _ . __ .. _ ... __ .. _ . . . . . . . 113 

3 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PLATE I. Map showing location of surveys in the Southern.States ______________ _ 

II. Profile of Catawba River from Marion to Connelly Springs, N. C _____ .. 

III. Profile of Savannah River from Andersonville, S.C., to Lisbon, Ga. __ _ 

IV. Profile of Chestatee River below Willow, Ga. ___ . ____________ . ____ . __ 

FIG. 1. Profile of Buffalo River from Flatwoods to Lobelville, Tenn. ___________ _ 

2. Profile of Tallulah River below Blalock, Ga. ____ .. ___________________ _ 

3. Profile of Tugaloo River below Tallulah Falls, Ga. ____________________ _ 

4. Profile of Chattooga River below Russell, S. C. ______________ . ________ _ 

5. Profile of Broad River below Carnesvill", Ga. _____________ ._. __ . _____ _ 

6. Profile of South and Ocmulgee rivers from Constitution to Macon, Ga ____ _ 

7. Profile of Yellow River below Yellow River, Ga .. ____________________ . 

8. Profile of Alcovy River below Dabney's bridge, Ga. __________ . ________ _ 

9. Profile of Towaliga River below Highfalls, Ga. _______________________ _ 

10. Profile of upper Chattahoochee River from Nacoochee, Ga., to junction 

with Chestatee River ____________________________ . _ . ___ . _________ _ 

11. Profile of middle Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin, Ga _ 

12. Profile of lower Chattahoochee River from West Point to Columbus, Ga. __ _ 

13. Profile of Soque River below Clarkesville, Ga. ________________________ _ 

14. Profile of Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, Tenn. ______ _ 

15. Profile of N ottely River below Blairsville, Ga. ___________________ . __ . _ . 

16. Profile of Toccoa River below Dial, Ga. _________ -- ___________________ _ 

17. Map showing location of surveys in Wisconsin. ______________ . ________ _ 

18. Profile of Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, to Flambeau, 

Wis ________________________________ -----------~---------------

5 

Page. 

10 

14 

30 

76 

11 

19 

24 

35 

40 

47 

52 

56 

59 

62 

67 

73 

75 

82 

88 

93 

98 

103 

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 

HYDROGRAPHIC BRANCH, 

Wash,ington, D. 0., J,uly 23, 1904. 

SIR: I have the honor to transn1i t herewith a paper entitled '' River 

Surveys and Profiles Made in 1903," which has been arranged by 

W. Carvel Hall and John C. Hoyt. 

This paper contains the results of the cooperative river surveys 

carried on during 1903 between the topographic and hydrographic 

branches. 

There is a large demand for the data herein presented by engineers 

and others interested in power developn1ent. I therefore recon1-

mend that this n1anuscript be published as a Water-Supply and 

Irrigation Paper. 

Very re~pectfully, F. I-I. NEWELL, 

Chief Engineer. 

Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, 

Director United States Geolog·ical Survey. 

7 

RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 

Arranged by W. C. HALL and J. C. HoYT. 

INTRODUCTION. 

In order to determine the location of the undeveloped water 

powers on the various rivers in the United States the United States. 

Geological Survey has frmn time to tin1e 1nade surveys and profiles of 

the n1ore important of the rivers on whieh possible power sites were 

known to be loeated. The object of these surveys is to point out 

localities where power n1ay be developed. 

In the detern1ination of the river profiles the general plan of survey 

adopted was as follows: . 

The ~elevations were based upon reliable heights derived fron1 

primary or precise levels of the United States Geological Survey. 

On this datun1, with few exceptions, lines of flying levels were carried up the bank of eaeh strean1 and bench n1arks were established 

at intervals of about 1 n1ile, usually on nails on tree roots. The 

elevations of the surfaee of the ~ater at the head and foot of each 

shoal, rapid, or fall were noted. These levels, with few exceptions, 

have been tied at both ends. In the case of Broad River pri1nary 

levels were used instead of flying levels, and regulation bronze tablets left at intervals of 6 miles. 

The horizontal control of the survey was by plane table oriented by 

con1pass, while the distance was always obtained by Ineans of stadia 

n1easuren1ents. To further insure the accuracy of the work, the 

stadia rod was so divided that one division on it equaled one division 

of the scale used in plotting. 

The field sheets were plotted on the scale of 1 : 22,500, with the 

exception of the surveys of the Tallulah and Tugaloo rivers, which 

were on the scale of 1 : 45,000. Several different n1ns of river were 

plotted on the same plane-table sheet, the ends of the different sections being so Inarked that there would be no difficulty in joining them 

and making one continuous n1ap. 

On these sheets were shown the outlines of the river banks, the 

islands, the positions of rapids, shoals, falls, and existing da1ns, the 

9 
10 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No.ll5. 

crossings of all ferries and roads, and as much of the culture of the 

river bott01n as could be obtained without leaving the in1n1ediate 

neighborhood of the river. The river banks were contoured carefully 

and the adjacent river bottoms sketehed, all with an intei·val of 10 

feet. On these field sheets are n1arked in their proper positions the 

elevations of the various bench marks left, as are also the elevations 

of the water surfaces wherever obtained. 

For each river surveyed, first are given a brief description, a list of 

the elevations, and a condensed profile of the portion of the river 

surveyed. 

The elevations as given in the original notebooks have been 

adjusted in accordance with the various prin1ary heights tied to, 

and the figures herein given are the ones obtained from this adjustment. 

On file in the Washington office are the original topographic sheets 

and profiles on the scale of 1 inch to a n1ile horizontal and 1 inch to 

100 feet vertical. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

In the collection of these data and their preparation for publication ~ 

special acknowledgn1ent is due to the leveln1en and others who earried 

on the surveys. Acknowledgn1ent is due, also, to Messrs. B. M. Hall 

and M. R. Hall for suggestions, and to Messrs. C. B. Kendall and 

D. H. Baldwin, who adfusted the various lines of levels, under the 

supervision of Mr. S. S. Gannett, geographer. 

BUFFALO RIVER FROM FLATWOODS TO LOBELVILLE, TENN. 

A line of flying levels was run on Buffalo River, Tennessee, fron1 the 

mouth of Little Opossun1 Creek, near Flatwoods, to Standing Rock 

Ford, about 3 n1iles north of Lobelville-a distance of 47 n1iles. The 

plane-table survey was on the scale of 1: 22,500. During the course 

of the work 28 bench n1arks on tree roots were Inarked and 39 watersurface elevations were recorded. 

The total fall of that stretch of the river is 109 feet, and is so evenly 

distributed that there seems to be no power site of any value .. There 

are now two crude dams, one near Linden and the other near 

Lobelville, supplying power for sn1all gristmills, but at neither plaee 

do the conditions warrant the construction of n1ore substantial dams. 

The soil near the river is fertile and well adapted to the cultivation 

of corn, hay, and peanuts. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an assumed 

elevation of 537.25 feet for the water surface at the 1nouth of Little 

Opossum Creek as interpolated fr01n contours sketched on the ~1annie sheet. The assumed elevation is probably within 20 feet of 

correct datun1. 
U. 8. GEOLOGICAl. SURVEY 

I 

/ 

I 

i 

--/ 

i 

i 

~·-· ; 

i 

i 

; 

i 

...... 

WATm-8UPPLY PAPER NO. 115 PL. I 

SCALE OF MILES 

~5 1 .Q 2.5 

I 

MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF SURVEYS 'I THE SOUTHERN STATES. 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. BUFFALO RIVER. 11 

The leveling was done October 4 to 31, 1903, under the direction of 

Oscar Jones, topographer, by Ralph Hutchim~, levelman . 

.----.-----.-----.----.-----.-----,---------~-----,----,1,500 

~ 

~ 

1,250~ ~ 

ell 

00 

§ 

ell 

s 

ell 

j;-

0 

~ 

1,oool ~ 

5~0~M~l~lli-s~4~5----4~0~---3~5~--~3~0~--~2~5~--~2~0----~1~5----~1~0----,5~--~0750 

FIG. I.-Profile of Buffalo River from Flatwoods to Lobelville, Tenn. 

Ele-vations on Buffalo River, Tennessee, from Little Opossum Oreek to Standing Rock Ford. 

Distance 

in miles. 

0.0 

. 0 

. 3 

. 0 

LO 

1.2 

2.1 

2.2 

4.1 

4.1 

6.3 

6.2 

8.9 

8.9 

10.6 

10.8 

11.9 

Little Opossum Creek, mouth of; east side of river at. ford, hackberry tree, nail in root of _______________________________ ........... . 

Surface of water _____________________________________ ......... . 

East side of river at ford, nail in root of elm tree. ____ ............. . 

Fm·d, east side of, dead sycamore tree, nail in root of. ____ ......... . 

Ford, 125 feet north of; east side of river, nail in root of sycamore tree. 

Surface of water _______________________________________ ..... __ . 

Ford, south side of river, nail in root of sycamore tree. __ .......... . 

600 feet north of ford, surface of water _______ . ____ .............. . 

Sinking Creek, east side of river, maple tree, nail in root of. __ ._ .. __ _ 

Sinking Creek, mouth of, surface of water. ____________ ........... . 

Ford, Z75 feet north of, north bank of river, east side of highway, at 

angle, nail in root of sycamore tree. _____ . _________ ............ . 

Ford, 650 feet west of; surface of water. ________________ ....... __ 

50 feet from river, south side of; sycamore tree, nail in root of. .... __ 

Surface of water ______________________________________ ...... __ _ 

Ford, east bank of river, sycamore tree, nail in root of. ______ .... __ _ 

Hurricane Creek, mouth of; surface of water _____ .. _________ ... __ _ 

Hurricane Creek, 1.1 miles from; 50 feet east of ford, nail in root of 

beech tree .. __________ . ___________ . _________ ................ . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

537.25 

533 

.532. 26 

5.31. 59 

532.32 

528 

529.06 

525 

524.00 

520 

521.16 

512 

.510. 01 

.503 

500. 70 

498 

504. 17 
12 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

Elemtions on Buffalo Hit•er, Tennessee, from Little Opossum Creek to Standing Rock 

Ford-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

11.9 

13.2 

13.2 

15.2 

15.2 

15.5 

16.6 

16.8 

17.3 

17.3 

19.9 

19.9 

21.3 

21.3 

22.3 

22.3 

22.6 

22.6 

23.7 

23. 7 

24.2 

24.2 

26. 1 

26. 1 

26.6 

26.6 

28.1 

29. 7 

30.3 

30.3 

31.9 

31.9 

31.9 

3"1.3 

34.3 

35.4 

3G 4 

40.9 

41.2 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

At ford, east bank of river, nail in root of willow tree ______________ _ 

Surface of water _____________________________________________ _ 

At ford, south hank of river, nail in root of maple tree. ___________ _ 

Ford, 800 feet west of; surface of water_ ________________________ -

Ford, south hank of rivL'r, nail in root of sycamore tree._: ________ _ 

Ford, east bank of river, nail in root of sycamore tree ____________ -

County bridge, west abutment, bolt in base of girder _____________ _ 

Ford, east bank of, nail in root of sycamore tree _________________ -

Surface of water _____________________________________________ ~ 

Coon Creek Ford, east hank of river, nail in base of w~llow tree ____ _ 

Ford, 350 feet north of, sm·face of water ________________________ -

Ford, 106 feet west of; west bank of river, nai1 in base of willow tree. 

Ford, surface of vmtl'r. ________________________________________ _ 

Ford, east bank of river, screw in base of sycamore trel:' ____________ _ 

Ford, surface of water _________________________________________ _ 

Brush creek, east bank of river, nail in root of sycamore tree _______ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Above dam, surface uf water ___________________________________ _ 

Below dam, surface of watf'r. ___________________________________ _ 

Ford, west bank of river, top of large rock.___________ _ _ _ _ _______ _ 

Ford, 600 fed b low, surface of watf'r. ___________________________ _ 

Ford, west hank of river, top of large rock _______________________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Beardstown, e~st bank of river, at ford, nail in 10ot of sycamore tree. 

650 feet below ford, surface of water _______ . ____________________ _ 

Ford, west bank of river, nail in root of sycamore tree. ____________ _ 

Ford, cast bank of river, nail in root of hackberry tree. ____________ _ 

Ford, south bank of river, road, south side,nail in root of sycamore trPe_ 

Ford, 6.'i0 feet below, surface of water. _______ . ____________ . _____ _ 

Above dam, surface of water __________________ . ____ . ___________ _ 

Below dam, surface of water. ______ .. __ . ___ .. __ . ___ . ___ . ___ . ____ _ 

Ford, south bank of river, road, west side, nail in root of sycamore tree_ 

Ford, east bank of river, nail in base of sycamore sapling __________ _ 

Surface of water . ______ . _____________________________________ _ 

Dodson Ford, east bank, top of rock. _______ . _________ . ________ .. _ 

Hrster Ford, surface of water __________________ . ________________ _ 

Logan Ford, south bank, west side of road, nail in base of willow tree_ 

Standing Rock Ford, south bank, nail in root of maple tree ________ . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

494 

489.53 

487 

484.23 

482 

485.15 

482.29 

499.45 

483.03 

477 

476.42 

471 

470.04 

467 

469. 70 

465 

467.29 

46.5 

464 

--159 

459.32 

457 

454. 16 

452 

454.24 

451 

452.90 

449.51 

445.47 

441 

441 

435 

438.32 

434.02 

431 

430.51 

426.59 

419.08 

420.61 
HALL AND] HOYT. RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 13 

CATAWBA RIVER FROM MARION, N.C., TO CONNELLY SPRINGS, 

N.C. 

Catawba River was surv-eyed from the Halltown road crossing, near 

Marion, N.C., down the river to the n1outh of Johnsons Mill Creek, 

near Connelly Springs,N. C.-a distance of 45 Ini.ies. A line of flying 

levels was run in connection with the plane-table stadia traverse, which 1

Nas on the scale of 1:22,500, based on a pern1anent bench n1ark of the 

United States Geological Survey at Marion, N.C. This flying line is 

connected with a precise line along the Southern Railway, run by the 

Geological Sur~ey in 1896, at Bridgewater, Glen Alpine, },forganton, 

and Connelly Springs, at each of which points there is a pern1anent 

bench 1nark. There were only three temporary bench Inarks set 

along the river, but there were 160 water-surface elevations recorded, 

all of which were adjusted to the 1nean reading on the gage established at the upper bridge near :Morganton. The work was done in 

July, August, and September, 1903, by R. C. Howard ann S. A. Obenshain, under the direction of ,,Y, C. Hall, topographer. 

In the stretch of river surveyed there is a total fall of 243 feet. At 

present there is only one crude da1n-at John River Road Ford, 

where there is a fall of 4 feet, supplying power to operate Hunter's 

gristmill. There is a dan1 site near Connelly Ford. The con1bined 

fall of two shoals about half a n1ile apart is 12.3 feet and a long, rocky 

island in the lower part of the shoal would smnewhat facilitate the 

construction of a dan1. At this point the river is about 200 feet wide, 

with rocky eliffs on both banks. The river botton1 is very fertile, 

the princjpal crops being corn and hay. 

Elevations on Catawba Ril•er bettoeen Halltown Road and Connelly Springs, N.C. 

Distance 

in miles. 

I Elevation 

I 

m feet 

-1---------

0.0 

. 1 

Halltown Road Ford, head of island, head of shoals, surf act• of water. 

Foot of sho::ds, surfacr of water ______________________________ .. 

at, 189 

1, 187 

. 2 Head of shoals, surface of water ________ . __________________ ._._ 1, 187 

. 2 Foot of shoals, surface of water. ______________________________ .. 1,184 

. 5 Head of shoals, surface of water. _______________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 184 

. 7 Foot of shoals, surface of water __________ . ____________________ . . 1, 179 

1. 1 Mouth of North Fork, 0.5 mile above, head of shoals, surface of water 1, 179 

1. 1 Foot of shoals, surface of water. ___ . _. ___________ . ___ . _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 177 

1. 3 Head of shoals, surface of water __________________ . ___________ . . 1, 177 

1. 3 Foot of shoals, surface of water. _____________________________ .. 1,175 

1. 7 Head of shoals, surface of water. ______________________________ . 1, 174 

1.8 

2. 1 

2.3 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. ________ . ____________ . ________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water _______________________________ ·I 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. _______ . ______________________ _ 

1,172 

1,170 

1,167 

a Adjusted to bench mark at Marion; McD0well County court-house; wtst face, at south end of 

portico, bronze tablet marked "1438 "; elevation, 1.436.857 feet. 
14 RIVER SURVEY8 AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No.115. 

Elemtions on Catawba River between Halltown Road and Connelly Springs, N. C.-Cont'd. 

Distance I 

in miles. 

2. 4 Head of shoals, surface of water._ ..... _____ ................... . 

3. 2 Foot of shoals, surface of water. ... _. __ ._ ........ _ ............ . 

3. 4 Head of shoals, surface of water. ___ ........................... . 

3. 4 Foot of shoals, surface of water .. _._ .......................... . 

4 Head of shoals, surface of water ...... _. ____ ................... . 

4. 2 North bank of island, foot of shoals, surface of water ......... _ ... . 

4. 4 Head of island, head of shoals, surfaee of water ................. . 

4. 4 Foot of island, foot of shoals, surface of water .................. . 

4. 7 Head of shoals, surface of water. ___ ...... _ .................... . 

4. 7 Foot of shoals, surface of water ..... _._ ....................... . 

4. 8 Head of shoals, surface of water._._ ........................... . 

4. 8 Foot of shoals, surface of water ...... ___ ...... _._ ....... ___ ... . 

5. 1 Head of shoals, surface of water ...... ___ ...... _._ .... ______ ... . 

.5. 1 Foot of shoals, surfaee of water. ___ ..... ___ ..... ___ ........... _ 

5. 3 Head of shoals, surfaee of water ...... ____ . _ .. ____ . _. ______ .... . 

5. 3 Foot of shoals, surface of water. ____ .... __ ....... __ ._ ..... _ ... . 

5. 4 Head of shoals, surfaee of water ____ ...... __ .... _ . __ .. _ . _ . __ ... . 

5. 4 Foot of shoals, surface of water._ ...... __ . _ ... _. _ ..... _____ ... . 

.5. 7 Connelly Ford, head of shoals, surface of water ....... _ ....... __ . 

5. 8 Foot of shoals, surface of water ..... ___ ...... _ .... _ ....... __ .. . 

6 Head of shoals, surface of water ..... _ ...... _ .... ___ .... _. __ ... _ 

6 Foot of shoals, surface of water .. __ ...... _ ...... _ ..... ___ ..... . 

6. 1 Head of shoals, surfaee of water ........ __ .... _ ...... _._ ..... __ _ 

6. 1 Small island in shoals, foot of shoals, surface of water._ ... _____ ... . 

6. 6 Between large islands, head of shoals, surface of water .. _ . ____ .. __ 

6. 7 Foot of islands, foot of shoals, surface of water .. ____ ... _ ..... _._. 

6. 9 At head of broad flood channel, head of shoals, surface of water_ . _ . 

7 Foot of shoals, surface of water. ____ ...... _ .... ____ .. ______ . __ _ 

7. 3 At foot of broad channel, head of shoals, surface of water. _______ _ 

7. 3 Foot of shoals, surface of water ...... _ ..... _ ... _ .. _ ... ___ ..... . 

7. 5 Head of shoals, surface of water .. __ ...... __ .... ____ . _____ . ___ ._ 

7. 5 Foot of shoals, surface of water ........... _ ... _ ..... __ ._ ..... __ 

7. 8 Head of shoals, surface of water. __ .... __ . __ .. __ .... __ .. _ .. __ . __ 

7. 8 Foot of shoals, surface of water .. _ .. _ .... _ ..... __ ... _. ________ _ 

8. 2 Head of shoals, surface of water_ .... _____ . _________ . _______ .. __ 

8. 5 Foot of shoals, surface of water .. ______ .. _____________________ _ 

8. 5 Head of shoals, surface of water. __ . ___ . __ ... __ ._._. __ • __ . __ . __ _ 

8. 7 Foot of shoals, surface of water. __ . __ . _____ ._ .. _____ . _________ _ 

9. 2 John RivPr Road, head of shoals, surface of water .. ________ . __ . __ 

9. 2 Foot of shoals, surface of water .. _._._. __ ._. _____ . ____ .... ____ . 

9. 8 i Just below ford, head of shoals, surface of water_. _____ .. _______ _ 

9. 8 Foot of shoals, surface of water_. _______ . __ . ___ . ________ . ___ . __ J 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1, 166 

1,157 

1,156 

1,154 

1,153 

1,146 

1,146 

1,141 

1,140 

1,137 

1,137 

1,134 

1, 134 

1, 133 

1,133 

1,131. 

1,131 

1,130 

1, 130 

1,127 

1,126 

1,126 

1,125 

1,124 

1,124 

1,122 

1,122 

1,119 

1,119 

1,116 

1,116 

1,115 

1,115 

1,114 

1,113 

1,108 

1,108 

1,105 

1,103 

1,102 

1,101 

1,099 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

'"0 

~ .... 

0 

ce ~ 

~ t· ..s::l ... ce ::l :§ Q 

ce v 8 

r§ 

1:1(1 

~ ... 

~ 

r 

0 

Q 

~ 

ce 

~ 

~ 

ce 

~ ce 

8 

Junction with Cha 

v v 

,._tooga Ri er 

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 116 PL. ll 

>=I 

0 

s~ 

......... s~ 

~Q <11 

'"0 

.... v /v 0 

~ 

~ 

9 

v 

2,000 

1,750 

1,500 Q3 

~ 

~ 

1,000 

Miles 30 25 20 15 10 5 

750 

0 

PROFILE OF CATAWBA RIVER FROM MARION TO CONNELLY SPRINGS, N, C. 
HALL AND] HOYT. CATAWBA RIVER. 15 

Elet1at·ions on Oatawba River between IJallfmDn Road and Oonnelly Springs, N. 0.-Cont'd. 

Distance 

in miles. 

10 

10.2 

10.8 

10.9 

11.1 

11.1 

11.6 

11.6 

12 

12 

12.4 

12.4 

13 

13.1 

13.3 

13.3 

13.5 

13. 7 

13.9 

13.9 

14.4 

14.4 

14.5 

14.5 

14.6 

15 

15 

15. 1 

15.2 

15.2 

15.4 

1.5.5 

15.8 

15.9 

16.4 

16.8 

17 

17.2 

18 

18. 1 

Head of island, head of shoals, surface of water_ ________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water _______________________________ _ 

Head of shoals at head of island, surface of water _______________ _ 

Foot of island, foot of shoals, surface of water __________ . _______ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water_ ______________________________ _ 

Foot of slioals, surface of water _______________________________ _ 

Just above dam, surface of water_. ___________________ . ________ _ 

Below ford, foot of shoals, surface of water _____________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ________ . ______________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ________ .. _____________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water _______________________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ________ .. _____________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ________ . ______________________ _ 

F1)0t of shoals, surface of water ________ .. _____________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ________ . ______________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ________ . ______________________ _ 

Below head of island, head of shoals, surface of water ____________ _ 

Foot of two islands, foot of shoals, surface of water ______________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ________ . _________________ .. ____ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water _______________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface. of water_. ______ . ______________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water _____ . _____________ . __________ _ 

Bridgewater, in front of station, top of north raiL _______________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water _______________________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surfacf' of water _______________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ________ .. _____________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ________ . ______________________ _ 

Just above head of shoals, surface of water _____________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ________ . ______________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ________ .. _____________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ________ . ______________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of watPr ________ . ______________________ _ 

Head of shoals, E:urface ot water_. ______ . ______________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surfaee of water _______________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surfa.ce of water ________ . ______________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surfaee of water _____ . __ .. _____________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water _______ . _________ . ______________ -

Foot of shoals, surface of water ________ .. - -- -. -- -. -- .. -- _- -- -- -I 

Just above head of upper island, head of shoals, surfaee of water _____ i 

Be!:::~ _i~~~~~- ~~~ -~~t~t_h_ ~~-n-~ ~! -~i~~~·- ~~~~ ~-f-~~~~~~~ ~~l~~~~e- ~~ _ i 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,099 

1,094 

1,094 

1,092 

1,092 

1,089 

1,089 

1,084 

1,083 

1,079 

1,079 

1,079 

1,078 

1,075 

1,075 

1,074 

1,074 

1,070 

1,070 

1,070 

1,069 

1,069 

a1,095.7 

1,068 

1,068 

1,067 

1,066 

1,066 

1,065 

1,062 

1,062 

1,062 

1,061 

1,061 

1,058 

1,056 

1,054 

1,054 

1,0.51 

1,049 

a Brid~ewater, 0.4 mile east of; bridge seat at west end of Muddy Creek Bridge, 2.75 feet south of south 

rail, copper bolt marked "U.S. G. S., 1091;" elevation, 1,089.549 feet. 

IRR 115-05-2 
16 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No. 115. 

Elevations on Oatawba Hi~•er between Flalltoum Road and Connelly Springs, N. 0.-Cont'd. 

Distance 

in miles. 

18.2 

18.4 

18. 7 

18. 7 

18.9 

19. 1 

19.6 

19.8 

19.8 

20.1 

20.3 

20.4 

20.9 

20.9 

21.3 

21.3 

21. 5 

21.7 

22 

2'2.4 

22.5 

23.4 

23. 7 

23.7 

24 

24.3 

25 

25 

25.4 

2.5. 4 

26.6 

26.6 

27.2 

28. 1 

28.2 

29 

29.1 

I 

Mouth of Linvme Rive<, below lord, at h•ad of island and •outh I 

bank, head of shoals, surface of water. _____ ........... ---.--- - 1 

Between island and south bank, foot of shoals, surface of water .. ___ .' 

Head of small island, head of shoals, surface of water. __________ _ 

Center of island, foot of shoals, surface of water ______________ ... 

Head of two small islands, head of shoals, surfacP of water ____ .. _. 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. _________ ... ____ . ______ . __ ... _ 

Long narrow island along north bank, head of short shoal, surface of water. _______ . ____________ . ___________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. ___________________________ . __ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. __ . ____________ . ______ . ______ . 

Above ford, head of shoals, surface of water. ____ . ___________ ._. 

Head of shoals, surface of water._. _____________ .. _____ .. ____ . _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water _______________ ... ___________ . _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. _____________________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water _____ .. __________ . ___ . ________ . 

Head of shoals, surface of water. ______________ .. __________ . __ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. __________ . __ . _____________ ... 

Head of shoals, surface of water .. _________ .. _________________ _ 

Head of large island, head of shoals, surface of water. __ . _______ _ 

250 feet below foot of large island, foot of shcals, surface of water_ 

Ford, head of shoals, surface of water. ___ . ________ .. __________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .. _____ . __________ .. ______ . ___ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. ________________ ... ______ . ___ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. .. _________ . ______ . __________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. ______________________ . ______ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. ________________ . _________ . __ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. ______________ . ______________ _ 

Avery Ford, 50 feet above, head of shoals, surface of water ______ . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. _____ .. _____ . _ . __________ . ___ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. ______ . _____ .- __________ . _____ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ______ ... ___________ . _________ _ 

Between long island and north bank of river, head of shoals, surface of water ____ . _________________ . ___ . ___ . _ .. _ . _____________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. __________ . ____ . __ .. _____ . ___ _ 

Surface of water ___________________________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. _____________________________ _ 

Head of long narrow island, foot of shoals, surface of water ______ _ 

Greenlea Ford, head of shoals, surface of water. ________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. ____________________________ ._ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,048 

1,046 

1,045 

1,045 

1,04.5 

1,040 

1,039 

1,038 

1,037 

1,036 

1,035 

1,033 

1,032 

1,031 

1,031 

1,030 

1,030 

1,030 

1,026 

1,026 

1,025 

1,024 

1,023 

1,022 

1,022 

1,016 

a 1, 015 

1,013 

1,013 

1,012 

1,009 

1,007 

1,006 

1,004 

1,003 

1, 001 

1,001 

a Circuit from White Ford to Avery Ford is adjusted to Glen Alpine, 73.2 feet north of north rail of 

main track, southeast corner of brick basement of Hennessee & Co.'s store, bronze tablet marked 

'1215;" elevation, 1,213.944 feet. 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. CATAWBA RIVER. 17 

Elevations on Catawba River between Halltown Road and Connelly Springs, N. C.-Cont'd. 

Distance 

in miles. 

29.4 

29.6 

29.9 

29.9 

30.2 

31.7 

32 

33 

33.5 

34.2 

34.4 

34.8 

35.5 

37. 1 

37.9 

38.5 

Between island and mouth, head of shoals, surface of water ...... . 

Foot of island, foot of shoals ......... _ ........................ . 

Head of shoals, surfaee of water ... ____ . __ ... _._ .. _ ... __ ....... . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .... ___ .. _ .. ___ ................ . 

Upper Morganton Bridge, head of shoals under, surface of water ... . 

Fleming Ford, head of islands at, head of shoals, smface of water .. 

Foot of shoals, surfaee of water_ .. ____ . __ . ____ ...... _ ......... . 

Lower Morganton Bridge, under, smface of water ............... . 

Head of shoals, surface of water .... _ ... _ .......... _._ ......... . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .... ___ . _ .... __ ...... _ ......... . 

Head of shoals, surface of water._._ ... _ ...... _ ..... ___ ...... _ .. 

Below island at mouth of creek on south bank, foot of shoals, surface 

of water ............. _ ...... _ ..... __ .......... _ ........... . 

Mouth of John River, surface of water .... ____ ................ . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ... _____ .. _____ .... ____ ........ . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .... _ .. ____ . _ .. ______ ..... ___ .. . 

Huffman Ferry, north bank, west side of road, nail in post ...... . 

Huffman Ferry, at east corner of Huffman's house, nail in root of 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,000 

998 

998 

997 

a 996 

992 

988 

986 

986 

977 

976 

974 

972 

969 

963 

974.2 

tree at ... _ ..... ___ ._ ... __ ... __ .. ___ ....... __ .... ___ .. _.... 1, 011.75 

38. 5 i Surface of water. _ ... _____ . ____ .. ___ .. ______ .... _ .......... _ 961 

38. 7 Head of shoals, surface of water .. ___ .. _____ ... ____ ... ____ ..... 959 

40. 7 At mouth of creek on south, head of shoals, surface of w:1ter. ___ . 957 

40. 7 

41.2 

41.2 

41.4 

41.4 

41.6 

41.8 

41.9 

43.6 

43.6 

43.8 

43.8 

44.5 

44.5 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .......... _ ............. __ .... . 

Head of large island, head of shoals, surface of water .. __ ....... . 

Between Island and north bank of river, foot of shoals, surface of 

water .. _ ... __ .... ___ ........ _ .... __ ...... _ ..... _ ........ . 

Foot of island, head of shoals, surface of water .................. -I 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ........... _ ...... _ ............ . 

Lovelady Ford, at head of small island between large island and 

south bank, head of shoals, surface of water ......... _ ........ _ 

Lovelady Ford, north bank of river, surface of water ............ . 

Foot of large Island at foot of shoals, surface of water ............ _ 

County Ferry, 200 feet south of; west side of road, nail in box alder 

Surface of water ............ _ .... ___ .... _ . __ ...... __ ..... ___ . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ... _____ . __ . __ ....... _ ...... _ . __ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ... __ .... _ ......... _. _ ........ __ 

Head of shoals, surface of water .. __ ._. __ . __ ..... ____ ........ __ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ... _ ... _. ___ .... __ . ___ ...... ___ . 

956 

955 

955 

955 

95,1) 

g54 

953 

951 

968.8 

948 

947 

947 

947 

b 946 

a Upper Morganton Bridge line adjusted to Morganton, Burke County court-house, extreme northwest corner of north portico, bronze tablet marked "1182;" elevation, 1,180.774 feet. 

b Connelly Springs, 142.4 feet north of north rail of main track, James Hudson's brick store, south 

front, near east corner, bronze tablet marked "1193;" elevation, 1,191.762 feet. 

Johnson Mill Creek flows into Catawba 1.6 miles below County Ferry, south side of river. 

NoTE.-Water-surface elevations adjusted to mean gage reading 1.8 feet at Upper Morganton Bridge 

Elevation of 1.8-footmark, 996.3 feet. 
18 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. . (NO. 115. 

TALLULAH RIVER BELOW BLALOCK, GA. 

Tallulah River rises in Habershan1 and Rabun counties, Ga., flows 

in a southeasterly direction, and joins Chattooga River a little below 

Tallulah Falls, thus forn1ing Tugaloo River. During August, 1903, 

this river was surveyed between Tallulah Falls, Ga., and the n1outh 

of Persimmon Creek, near Blalock, Ga. The distance between these 

points is about 33 n1iles, and there is a fall of 451 feet. The survey 

consisted of a line of prin1ary levels based upon the United States 

Geological Survey bench 1nark at Tallulah Falls, and a plane-table 

survey of the course of the river. The field sheets were plotted on a 

scale of 1: 22,500, 30 bench n1arks were established, and 69 watersurface elevations obtained. 

Tallulah River is a typical mountain strean1 and is subject to 

sudden freshets. As the Chattooga is of the san1e character the 

Tugaloo is a dangerous strean1, a rise of 1.6 feet per hour for 

three consecutive hours being recorded on March 23, 1903, at the 

Southern Railway bridge near Toccoa, Ga. On this occasion the 

river rose 15.2 feet in eighteen hours. 

Tallulah River crosses the fall line at Tallulah Falls, Ga. In 

this vicinity is son1e of the rnost picturesque and rugged scenery 

in the Southern States. In 3 miles the river drops fron1 1 ,41.5 to 

7 55 feet above sea level, or a distance of 660 feet. The principal. 

falls, in· the order in whieh they oeeur, are L'eau D'or, 28 feet; Tempesta, 76 feet; Hurricane, 89 feet; Oceana, 41 feet; Bridal Veil, 17 

feet-all in a distance less than three-fourths of a n1ile. On either 

bank are precipitous eliffs, rising in some places 500 feet sheer. The 

gorge continues to the Tugaloo, with the exception of one place ahout 

one-half n1ile long, where it opens up and fol'lns what is known as the 

Old Valley fal'ln. On either side the country is covered with woods, 

but not a great deal of n1erchantable timber appears to be available. 

In 2 1niles, above Tallulah Falls, the river has a fall of 110 feet. 

At the head of this fall the botton1 widens into a valley whieh 

appears to be an excellent basin for storing water. Three and onefourth n1iles farther upstrean1 at an unnamed shoal with a 12-foot 

fall, there is a fair site for a dan1. The bottmn is rocky, and there 

are steep hills on either side. 

Five miles farther upstrean1 is a shoal with a 25-foot fall, steep 

hills on either side, and hard roek bottom. Just above Denton Ford 

is a 23-foot shoal about three-fourths of a n1ile long where there is 

a splendid site for a dam .. 

The fall in the lower Tallulah below the falls is about 250 feet. 

A large portion of this fall ean be used for power without interfering 

with the resort at Tallulah Falls. By installing an electrieal plant 

at the upper end of Old Valley farm a good power could be obtained. 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. TALLULAH RIVER. 19 

The elevations in the following list are based upon the elevation 

of a bronze tablet in rock 70 feet east of the public road and 20 

feet south of Tallulah Falls, station marked "1569 Atlanta." This 

elevation is accepted as 1,568.302 feet above mean sea level in accord 

with the 1903 adjustn1ent of the precise-level net. The line is corrected to accord with primary work at n1outh of river and at Burton. 

The lev-eling was done in 1903, under the direction of Carroll Caldwell, field assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levehnan . 

.----.-----.----~---.-----.----.-----.----.----.r----~---.1,000 

FIG. 2.-Profile of Tallulah River below Blalock, Ga. 

Elevations on Tallulah Hi'oer from mouth, nmr Tallulah Falls, t.o near Blalock, Ga. 

D"tan"'·l . 0. 0 ' Junction of Chattooga and Tallulah rivers, surface of water ....... . 

. 0 100 feet north of junction rivers, edge of river, point on rock ..... . 

. 0 200 feet north of junction rivers, west side of Tugaloo River, gum 

tree, nail in root of ........................................ . 

. 2 Chattooga River, 500 feet north of, west side of Tallulah River, nail 

in root of oak stump ....................................... . 

. 3 Surface of water ............................................ . 

.4 

.6 

.9 

1.3 

1.6 

1.7 

1.8 

2 

2. 1 

2.2 

2.2 

2.25 

Mouth of small stream, surface of water .............. ______ ._ .. . 

150 feet west of river._. ______ ._ .. _._. ______ . _____________ ._ .. 

Surface of water ___ . __ ... _ . ______ . _ .. _ . ______ . _ ............. . 

Surface uf water ___ ... _ . __ . _ . ____ . _ .... _ . ____ . __ . _ . _ . ____ . _ .. 

Surface of water. ____ . _ . _ .. _____ . __ . _ .... ______ . ___________ .. 

Surface of water. ____ . ___ .. _ . __ .. __ . _ . __ . ________ ... ________ . 

Surface of water. __ . _ ... _ .... __ .. ____ . _ .. ____ . ___ . _ . __ . ___ . __ 

Foot of rapids, surface of water .... __ . _________ ... _. _. __ . _ . _ . __ 

Middle of rapids, surface of water .. __ ... __ ._. ___________ . ___ . __ 

Head of rapids, surface of water. ___ .... __ .. _. _____ . __ . _ .. _ .. __ _ 

Foot of rapids, surface of water._ .. ___ ... _ . _ . __ . _____ . __ . ___ ... 

Surface of water ________________ . ___ . _______ . ___________ . ___ _ 

Elevation 

in feet 

754 

761.29 

762.65 

769.46 

767 

782 

799.86 

818 

848 

878 

893 

911 

935 

944 

947 

954 

964 
20 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. (NO. 115. 

Ele·vations on Tallulah River from rnouth, near Tallulah Falls, to near Blalock, Ga.-Cont'd. 

Distance 

in miles. 

2.3 

2.35 

2.38 

2.4 

Foot of small falls, surfaee of water. _____________ . _. _ .......... . 

Foot of rapids, surface of water._. __ ._ .......... ____ " ___ ...... . 

300 feet below bend, head of rapids, surface of water ............ . 

Surfaee of water ............... _ ...... ___________ .. ___ ...... . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

981 

987 

980 

997 

2. 5 Surfaee of water. _ . ____ . __________ . _ . _ ............ _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 008 

2. 6 Bridal Veil Falls, foot of, surface of water .... ___ . ______ ._...... 1, 02'2 

2. 6 Head of falls, surface of water ... ___ ._._ .............. ____ .___ 1, 039 

2. 65 Surface of water ................. _____ . _ . _ ......... _ . . . . . . . . 1, 057 

2. 8 Oeeana Falls, foot of, surfaee of water .... _. __ ._._. __ ._________ 1, 074 

2. 85 Head of falls, surfaee of water ......... _ ....... _............... 1, 115 

3. 1 Hurricane Falls, foot of, surfaee of water ....................... _ 1, 140 

3. 1 Head of Hurricane Falls, surface of water. ______ . ____ ._________ 1, 229 

Tempesta Falls, foot of, surface of water ................... _._.. 1, 246 

3. 1 Tempesta Falls, head of, surface of water. _________ . _ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 322 

3. 2 L'eau d'or Falls, foot of, surface of water ................... __ .. 1, 322 

3. 2 L'eau d'or Falls, head of, surface of water._._ .... _. ____ . ______ .__ 1, 350 

3. 3 Surfaee of water ............. _ .. __ ... _ ............... _ . _ . _ . _ . 1, 379 

3. 4 Surfaee of water ... _ . _____ . ________ .. ___ . _______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 396 

3. 6 Clayton Road iron highway bridge, surface of water............. 1, 414 

Tallulah Falls station, 70 feet east of public road, 20 feet south of 

station, in rock, bronze tablet marked" 1569 Atlanta" ... _._..... 1, 568. 302 

3. 6 Tallulah Falls, 0.5 mile northeast of; at forks of road, 50 feet south 

of bridge over river ........... _.___________________________ 1, 457. 92 

3. 6 Clayton Road iron highway bridge, 0.5 mile north of Tallulah Falls, 

floor of._ .......... _ ........................... _ . _ . _ ..... _ _ 1, 441. 87 

Surface of water ... _ ..... _____________________ .. _. _ .. __ . _ _ _ _ _ 1, 419 

Opposite stone pier railroad bridge, surface of water___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 439 

Surface of water .......... _ . __ . _ .. _ . _ . ____________________ . __ . 1, 449 

On rook, surface of water .............. _._._. ________________ ._ 1, 459 

4. 9 Foot of falls, surface of water _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 486 

4. 9 Top of falls, surface of water. _________________________________ . 1, 492 

5. 1 Surface of water. ______ ...... ____ .. ________________________ . . 1, 509 

5. 5 Head of island, surface of water._ .. __________________________ . 1, 530 

5. 6 20 feet west of Tallulah Falls Railroad, point on top of rock._____ 1, 538. 21 

5. 6 Surface of water_ ..... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 529 

6 Surface of water ......... _ . _ . _ . ______________ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 538 

6. 5 Surface of water ....... _ . ____________________ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 553 

6. 6 Surface of water ..... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 559 

7. 3 1.50 feet east of river, in cornfield, dead apple tree, nail in root of. ___ 1, 579.23 

7. 3 Surface of water ............. ________________________________ 1, 569 

8. 4 Surface of water ..... _____ ..... _ . ______________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 573 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. TALLULAH RIVER. 21 

Elevations on Tallulah River from mouth, near Tallulah Falls, to near Bl1Llock, Ga.-Cont'd. 

Distance: in miles. 

8.6 

8. 7 

8. 7 

9.6 

9.6 

9.9 

10 

10.2 

10.4 

10.5 

10.6 

10.9 

11.8 

11.8 

12.1 

13.3 

13.3 

13.8 

13.8 

14.4 

14.5 

14.6 

15.6 

15.6 

16.2 

16.5 

16.6 

17.7 

18.4 

18.6 

18.6 

19.2 

20.6 

20.9 

21.4 

21.5 

21.5 

21.8 

21.9 

Surface of wtllter ____________________________________________ -

65 feet north 1of river, in cornfield, walnut tree, nail in root of _____ _ 

~~;:~r=:~:~:~~~~~ ~f -1~~~- ~~~~~~~ ·;i~~~ -a~d ~~.~~~~- ~~~~~ ;~~l~~- tree, nallr~1 

stde of. __ .. ___ . __ . _. _____ . ___ ... _. __________ . __ 

Surface of waiter _____ . _______________ . ________ . ___ - - __ - . -_ -- -

Surface of water. __ . ____________ . _ . ______ . __ . ___ . ____ . __ . ___ _ 

5 feet west of riYer, in footpath, point on sharp rock ___ . ________ _ 

Surfaee of water. __ .. _______________ .. ___ . __________ .. ______ _ 

Surface of water ______ . _ .. ______ .. _____ . _______________ . ___ - -

10 feet west of river, nail in root of beech tree. _________________ _ 

Surfaee of water __________ . ____________________ . ___________ - -

Surfaee of water ________ . _________________________________ - - . 

Crane Ford, 150 feet west of, apple tree, nail in root of_ .. ____ .. __ 

Surface of water_ .. __ . ____ .. _ .. _ . _ . ___ .. _ .... _____ - - . _ . - . _ . - -

Surfaee of water __ . ___ .. _ ... __ . ____ . _ .. ___ .. _ ... __ .. __ . __ . -.. 

Dockens Ford, 12 feet west of river, nail inside of dead tree ________ -! 

Surface of water __ . ___________ .. _________ . ________________ . __ i 

Ellord Ford, 150 feet east of, at bend of, poplar tree, nail in side of __ . 

Surface of water ____________ . _______ .. _ .. ________ . ________ . __ 

Surface of water _________ . _ . ____ . __ . ___ . _____ . ______________ -

Surface of water _____________________ . __ .. ____ . _ . ___________ _ 

Eden Chureh, 150 feet west of, 150 feet east of river, nail in root of 

large red-oak tree_ .• ____ ._. ___________ . ________ . ___ .. ___ . __ 

Taylor Shoals, 10 feet west of river, middle of, point on large flat roek. 

Surface of water _______ . _____ . _ . ____ . ____ . __ .. __ . _ -- ____ - . - - -

Surface of water ___ . __ . ____________ . ___________ . ____________ _ 

Surface of water. ____ . ____ .. _ . _________ . __________ . - . _ . - - . - - - . I 

Surface of water. ________ . ___________ . __ . ________ . _______ . _ . _ ' 

James Smith boat landing, 2 feet west of river, nail in stump .. _____ _ 

Fall Creek, mouth of, surface of water _______ . _____ . ~ _________ _ 

Jones Ford,6 feet south of river ,slanting persimmon tree, nail in side of 1 

Surface of w'ter __ . ___ . __ . _ .. _ . ________ .. _ . __________ . _ .. ____ · 

Flat Creek, I' outh of, surface of water ___ ._ .. _ ... _ .. _. _. ___ . ___ _ 

Surfaee of w ter. ____ . _ . __ . ________ . __ . ___ .. ___ . _______ .. __ _ 

Cliff Creek, 1 outh of, surfac~ of water _______ . ___ . ____ . _______ _ 

Surfac~ of water __ . __ .. _______ . _ . _____ . _________ . ____ . __ . - __ 

Denton Ford, 10 feet west of river, nail in root of pine tree __ .. __ . - __ 

Surfaee of water __ . _ . _ . ________ .. __ .. ___ .. __ . ______ . _ .. _ -- _ . _ 

Mouth of small stream, surface of water ___ .. __ . ____ . ______ . - __ -

Seal Creek, mouth of, foot of double shoals, surface of water _______ _ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,578 

1,589.25 

1,578 

1,590.30 

1,584 

1,589 

1,595.59 

1,592 

1,596 

1, 601.32 

1,600 

1,603 

1,620.33 

1,607 

1,610 

1,623.06 

1,615 

1,634.36 

1,621 

1,626 

1,628 

1,649.41 

1,644.90 

1,641 

1,648 

1,657 

1, 657 

1,670.53 

1, 669 

1, 677.33 

1,674.6 

1,681 

1,687 

1,690 

1,697 

1,703.61 

l, 701 

1,703 

1,704 
22 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. (NO. 115, 

Elemtions on Tallulah River from mouth, near Tallulah Fall.s, to near Blalock, Ga.-Cont'd. 

Distance 

in miles. 

22 

22.3 

22.6 

2'2. 6 

22. 7 

24 

24.5 

25 

25. 1 

25.1 

25.6 

25.6 

25.9 

26.2 

26.3 

26.4 

27 

27.3 

27.3 

28.2 

28.2 

28.5 

28.5 

29.3 

29.5 

29.6 

30.1 

30. 1 

30. 1 

30.1 

30.2 

32. 1 

32. 1 

32.4 

32. 7 

32. 7 

33 

33.1 

33.2 

Elevation 

in feet. 

Surface of water_____________________________________________ 1, 707 

Middle of shoals, surface of water_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 714 

Crow Ford, 100 feet south of, 10'feet south of river, twin hemlock 

tree, nail in root of.________________________________________ 1, 725.93 

Surface of water _____________________________________________ I 1, 724 

Searecrow Creek, mouth of, surfacA of water.___________________ 1, 727 

George Creek, mouth of, surface of water._______________________ 1, 737 

Bridge Creek, mouth of, surface of water._______________________ 1, 738 

In shoals, surface of water.____________________________________ 1, 747 

--Ford, surface of water.__________________________________ 1, 749 

At above ford, south edge of river, point on rock._______________ 1, 750. 29 

Rocky Ford, 10 feet south of, dead hemlock tree, nail in root of___ 1, 758.47 

Surface of water ________________ : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 7 56 

Surface of water _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 7 57 

Kenny Creek, mouth of, surface of water ..... ______ .. ________ .. _ 1, 760 

Fuller Ford, surface of water_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 760 

Fuller Ford, 500 feet northwest of, point on rock._____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 762. 62 

Surfaee of water _____________________ .. ____ . _____ . ________ . _ _ 1, 767 

Cannon Ford, 75 feet southwest of, nail in root of white oak_________ 1, 781.:97 

Surface of water _____________________ . _____ .. ____ .. ____ .. ____ 1, 769 

-- Ford, west side of, nail in root of red gum tree___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 777. 87 

Surfaee of water. ____________________ .. ____ .. ________________ 1, 774 

Wildeat Creek, 50 feet southwest of, west side of road, point on rock. 1, 783. 19 

Surface of water _________________ .. __ .... __ ... ___ .. ____ . _ _ _ _ _ 1, 776 

Surface of water ________________ . ____ .. ____ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 785 

Surface of water ________________ . ____ . __ . __ .. ____ .. ____ . _____ . 1, 787 

Dicks Creek, surface of water. _________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 789 

Burton, 12 feet southwest of bridge, nail in root of maple tree._____ 1, 794. 96 

Floor of bridge. ______ . _. ________ . ____ ... ___ . _____ .. _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 806. 4 

Surface of water ___ . _ . ___________ . ____________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 790 

High-water mark. ___ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 804 

Burton, 1,000 feet above bridge, 15 feet east of river, 10 feet west of 

road, bronze tablet marked"---" .. ____ .... __ .. ____ . _____ 1, 795. 140 

12 feet west of ford, nail in side of ash tree._____________________ 1, 819.04 

Surface of water _____________________ .. _ . __ .. ____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 813 

Surface of water ___________________________ -__________________ 1, 819 

Murford, 100 feet southwest of, nail in west side of white-oak tree.___ 1, 838.05 

Surface of water _____________________ . _____ .. ____ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 824 

Rocky Ford, surface of water ________________ . _____ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 829 

Shallow Ford, 500 feet southeast of, in road, point on rock._________ 1, 841. 48 

Surface of water ............. _ .. _ ... __ ...... ____________ .. _ _ _ 1, 835. 
HALL AND] HOYT. TUGALOO RIVER. 23 

Elevations on Tallulah Rit•er from mouth, near Tallulah Falls, to near Blalork, Ga.-Cont'd. 

Distance 

in miles. 

33.6 

33.6 

34.3 

35 

35.8 

Elevation 

in feet. 

Deep Ford, 30 feet south of, nail in side of sycamore tree______ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 842. 39 

Surface of water_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 839 

Popcorn Creek, mouth of, surfac{l of water _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 849 

Deep Ford, 3 feet east of, nail in side of beech tree _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 862. 03 

Persimmon Creek, 75 feet east of river, 30 feet south of creek, nail 

in side of hickory tree ________________________________ ------ -I 1, 881. 67 

TUGALOO RIVER BELOW TALLULAH FALLS, GA. 

Tugaloo River, which flows in a southeasterly direction between 

Georgia and South Carolina, is a continuation of Savannah River, 

and extends fron1 the nwuth of Seneca River to the Inouth of Chattooga River. The bed of the stream is in Georgia. The survey of 

this river covered a distance of 50~ n1iles. It connected with the 

survey of Savannah River at Andersonville, and extended past the 

n1outh of the Chattooga along the Tallulah as far as Tallulah Falls. 

The pritnary levels were based upon the United States Geological 

Survey bench 1nark at Parkesville, Ga. Nine bench-mark tablets 

and 64 tmnporary bench marks were established, and 98 water-surface 

elevations were obtained. The plane-table sheets were plotted on 

a scale of 1:22,500 for that portion of the survey above the mouth 

of the Chattooga; from that point to Owens Shoals the scale was 

1: 45,000; between Owens Shoals and Andersonville it was 1: 22,500. 

From the head of the Tugaloo to a point about one mile above 

the Inouth of Panther Creek the banks are very steep, but are not 

so Inarked as along the Tallulah1 except in some places where there 

is a cliff on one side. Below the point above mentioned the bottom 

is frmn one-fourth to three-fourths mile wide in most places, the 

soil being very fertile and in a high state of cultivation. Cotton 

is the main crop, with corll next, wheat, rye, sugar cane, etc., combined n1aking but a sn1all percentage of the yield. The timber is 

very scattered. 

The elevations in the following list are based on an aluminum 

tablet tnarked "1050 M. C." at Washington street entrance to the 

State capitol at Atlanta, the elevation of which is now accepted 

as 1,049.546 feet above n1ean sea level. The initial point upon which 

these levels depend is a bronze tablet at north side of east entrance 

at court-house at Clarksville, Ga., marked " 1373 AtlPnta," the elevation of which is accepted as 1,371.991 feet above mean sea level, 

in accord with the 1903 adjustm~nt of the precise-level net. 
24 RTVER SURVEYS AND PROE'ILES OF 1903. [No.115. 

The leveling was done in 1903 -gnder the direction of Carroll Caldwell, field assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levehnan. 

All permanent bench n1arks are 1narked with the letters "Atlanta" 

in addition to the figures of elevation. 

M~il~e-s~5~5--~50~--~45~--~40~--3~5~--3~0~--2~5~--2~0~--1~5----l~0~--~5--~0° 

FIG. 3.-Profile of Tugaloo River below Tallulah Falls, Ga. 

Elevations from Olarkst•ille, tna Tu.rnennlle, to Tallulah Falls, Ga. 

Clarksville, Habersham County court-house, north side of east entrance, bronze 

tablet marked " 1373 Atlanta" _______________________________________ _ 

Clarksville, 0.7 mile southeast of, west side of road, nail in root of oak tree. __ _ 

Clarksville, 2 miles east of, south of tra:ck, nail in root of old stump. _________ _ 

Clarksville, 1.5 miles east of station, dogwood tree, nail in root of ___________ _ 

Clarksville, 2.5 miles east of, at railroad crossing, south of track, oak tree, nail 

in root of. _____________________________________ . _ . ___ . _ .. _ . _ -- -- - . -

Clarksville, 4.5 miles east of, oak stump, nail in root of ___________________ _ 

Clarksville, 6 miles east of, nail in root of oak tree. __ ~- _________________ . 

Clarksville, 7.5 miles east of, nail in root of oak tree. ________________ ._._. 

Turnerville station, 30 feet north of, nail in root of cottonwood tree.~.- ____ _ 

Turnerville, 1.9 miles northeast of, ~outh of track, nail in root of oak tree. __ 

Turnerville, 3.2 miles northeast of station, nail in stump of gum tree. _____ . 

Turnerville, 4 miles northeast of, at road crossing east of track, nail in root of persin1mon tree. ___________________________________________________ _ 

Tallulah Lodge, 40 feet east of trac.k, nail in side of hickory tree. __________ ._ 

Tallulah Falls station, 20 feet south of, 70 feet east of public road, rock, I 

bronze tablet marked 1' 1569 Atlanta"- ___________________________ - ___ _ 

Tallulah Falls, 0.5 mile north of east of, at forks of road, 50 feet south of bridge over river ____________ . ___________________ . ____ . ________ . ___ . _ 

Elevation in 

feet 

1, 371.991 

1,436.353 

1,444 

1,457.576 

1,419.40 

1,440.16 

1,513.52 

1,475.66 

1,542.98 

1,590.48 

1,588.65 

1,612.33 

1,605.84 

1,568.302 

1,457.92 
HAJ,L AND] 

HOYT. TUGALOO RIVER. 25 

Elevation from point 2 miles scuth of Tallulah Falls south dou:rn Tugaloo and Satl(lnnah rivers 

to mouth of Broad River, Lisbon, Ga. 

Turnerville, 3.2 miles east of station, nail in stump of gum tree .. __________ _ 

Turnerville, 4.3 miles east of, nail in root of oak tree. _________ , __________ _ 

Turnerville, 4.4 miles east of, nail in root of pine tree. ___________ . ___ . ___ .. 

Turnerville, 5.1 miles east of, south of road, point on rock .. ______________ _ 

Elevation in 

feet. 

1,588.65 

1,504.20 

1,386.10 

979.72 

~--- ---~-- ------------------------------''-------

Distance 

in miles. 

Elevations on Tugaloo Ri'oer below Tallttlah Falls. 

0. 0 Junction of Tallulah and Chattooga rivers, 200 feet northwest of, 

gum tree, west side of Tallulah River, nail in root of gum tree._ .. 

. 0 Junction of rivers, 100 feet northwest of; edge of river, point on rock. 

. 0 Junction of Tallulah and Chattooga rivers, water surface. ________ _ 

. 0 Tugaloo River, head of, pine tree, nail in root of .. _______ ._._ ... _ 

. 7 Island, head of, surface of water ______________________________ _ 

. 8 Surface of water _________________________________________ . __ _ 

2 Surface of water _________________________________________ . __ _ 

2 West side of river, point on rock. _____ . ________________ . _ . __ . __ 

2. 1 Surface of water _________________________ . __________________ _ 

2. 4 Surfaee of water_ . _________ . _________________________ . _ . _ .... 

2. 8 Hickory tree, nail in root of .. ______________ . _________________ _ 

2. 8 Surface of water ___ .. _______________________________________ _ 

·2. 9 Surface of water_ . _______ ... ____ .. ___ .............. __ . _ ..... . 

3. 1 Small str·eam, mouth of, surface of water ............ _ .......... _ 

4. 4 Panther Creek, mouth of, surfaee of water ...................... . 

4. 4 Panther Creek, 600 feet south of mouth and ,1)() feet west of river, 

west edge of publie road, in large roek, bronze tablet m~rked "715 

Atlanta" .................. _ ............................. - . 

5. 3 Surface of water .. _ .... __ .... ___ . __ ....... _ ... _ ... __________ . 

5. 4 Deaton Ford, surface of water ____ .. _ .......................... . 

5. 4 Small bridge, surface of water ____ .... _ ....................... . 

5. 4 Walnut tree, nail in root of ..... __ . _____ ........ __ ._. _______ .. . 

6. 3 Surface of water ................. _ .......... ___ . _ .. __ . ___ ... . 

6. 4 Small ereek, South Carolina side, mouth of, surface of water ...... . 

7. 4 Walnut tree, 100 feet west of river, nail in root of. .............. . 

7. 5 Small boat landing, surface of water ........................... . 

8 Big John Creek, mouth of, surfaee of water ..................... . 

8. 9 Prather's bridge, 100 feet northwest of river and old bridge, cottonwood tree, nail in side of. .............. ___ ............. _ ... . 

8. 9 Surfaee of water ............................ _ ...... _ .... _ ... . 

9. 9 James Prather homestead, middle step front entrance, bronze tablet 

marked "728 Atlanta" ..................................... . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

762.65 

761.29 

754 

728.86 

723 

711 

698 

698.79 

690 

686 

690.51 

684 

681 

674 

669 

713.793 

667 

666 

664 

676.45 

659 

655 

664.87 

652 

650 

659.02 

648 

726.873 
26 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

Elevations on Tugaloo Rit•er below Tallulah Falls-Continued. 

Distance Elevation 

in miles. in feet. 

10. 5 Stream, mouth of, surface of water .....••. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 

11. 5 I Surface of water ........................ __ .. __ . __ .. ____ . . . . . . 644 

11. 5 

13 

13 

13.8 

13.8 

13.9 

15.4 

15.4 

15.4 

15.4 

16.4 

16.5 

16.5 

17.5 

18 

18 

19 

19.1 

20.1 

21.3 

21.7 

21.7 

22 

22 

22 

22 

22.3 

22.4 

22.6 

23.2 

24.5 

24.5 

25.1 

25.5 

25. 7 

Apple tree, 600 feet west of river, nail in root of ............... . 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water ..•................... __ ... . 

Gum tree, 10 feet west of river, nail in root of .................. . 

Gum tree, west edge of river, nail in root of .................... . 

Toccoa Creek, mouth of, sud ace of water ....................... . 

Jarrett Bridge, surface of water (during flood Mar. 21, 1903) ..... . 

Water oak tree, 4 feet east of river, nail in root of ............... . 

Walnut tree, 50 feet west of railroad bridge, nail in root of ......... 1 

Railroad bridge crossing Tugaloo River, west abutment, bronze 

tablet marked ''666 Atlanta". __ ...... __ .................... . 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water ............................ . 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water .......... _._ ................ . 

Sycamore tree, 50 feet south of river, nail in root of ............. . 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water ............................ . 

50 feet east of river, birch tree, nail in root of _ . _ . ___ ............ . 

Surface of water ..... ___ ..................................... , 

I 

200 feet east of county road, 100 feet west of river, walnut tree, nail I 

in root of ........................... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -[ 

Saw mill, mouth of stream opposite, surface of water ............ . 

Walnut tree, nail in root of ....................... : ........... . 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water ............................ . 

Swamp bush, 3 feet northwest of river, nail in top of. ............ . 

Rock Creek, 10 feet south of, walnut tree, nail in root of ......... . 

Surface of water ....... _ ................................ __ .. . 

Jenkins Ferry, 400 feet northwest of, 200 feet west of river, walnut 

tree, nail in root of ___ ....... __ ....... __ .. _. __ ............. . 

W. J. Perkins homestead, north side of house, in chimney, 2 feet 

above ground, bronze tablet marked "732 Atlanta" ........... . 

~~;~:.~;atcr: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :I 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water ............ __ ............... ' "r alnut tree, nail in stump ........................ - -- -- -- -- -- -

·walnut tree, 40 feet west of river, nail in root of ........... _ .... . 

Birch tree, on edge of small stream, nail in root of .. __ ....... _ ... . 

Surface of water ....... _ .................................... . 

Small tree, 4 feet west of river, nail in root of. .............. _ ... . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Pine tree, 50 feet west of river, nail in roo+ of ............... _ ... . 

Surface of water ........ _ ................................... . 

a The above is on a single spur line. 

657.40 

642 

658.51 

651.33 

641 

642.5 

642.50 

660.52 

665.467 

640 

639 

641.09 

637 

646.91 

636 

648.60 

632 

647.65 

630 

634.60 

640.35 

624 

638. 10 

a 730.754 

624 

638 

622 

635.56 

634.32 

629.55 

618 

619.47 

616 

625.12 

614 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. 

Distance 

in miles. 

26.1 

26.3 

27.6 

27.6 

27.9 

28.1 

29.1 

29.3 

29.3 

29.3 

30.1 

30.3 

30.3 

30.4 

30.4 

TUG ALOO RIVER. 

Elevations on Tug.aloo Ri'Per below Tallulah Falls-Continued. 

Old stump, 41 feet west of river, nail in ... ___ ... _._ ... _ ........ . 

Head of Shelor Shoals, surface of water ____ .... _ .... __ ......... . 

Walnut tree, 10 feet north of river, nail in root of.. _ .... _ ....... . 

Surface of water. _ .. ___ . __ .... _____ .. _ . __ .. _ .. _ .... _ ... __ ... _ 

Surface of water_ .... _ ... __ . __ .. _ . _ .. _ . __ .. ___ .... _ ... __ .... . 

Large creek, mouth of, surface of water ....... _ .... _ ........ -_ .. 

Pine tree, 5 feet northeast of river, nail in top of. __ ... __ ... __ .. __ 

Shelor Ferry, water oak tree, 10 feet northeast of river, nail in 

root of. .... _ .... __ . _ .... _ .. _ . __ ..... - . - .. - - .. -- -... -. -- . - -

Surface of water. __ . _ .... _ . _________ ... __ . _ . ___ . _ .... _ . _ .. __ _ 

Shelor Ferry, 0.3 mile southwest of: 100 feet northwest of I. E. 

Martin's house, 10 feet north of road, in large rock, bronze tablet 

marked "630 Atlanta''- .... _. __ .. __ .. ____ .. __ ._._. ___ .... _ .. 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water ... _ ... _ ..... _._ ... _ ... __ ... . 

Sycamore tree, 10 feet north of river, nail in root of_ ______ ... __ .. 

Mouth of stream, near bend in river, surface of water ... __ ... _ ... _ 

Water oak stump, 10 feet north of river, nail in root of_. ___ ... __ _ 

Surface of water_ ...... ____ . __ . ___ . _ . _ .. ___ .. ___ . _ . __ . ______ . 

31.8 Gum Log Creek, mouth of, surface of water._. __ .. __ ..... _ .... _. 

32.3 Near Middle Branch, apple tree, nail in root of. ___ .... __ ... _ ..... . 

I 32. 4 Surface of water __ .. _________ ... __ . __________ .. ______________ 1 

33. 1 : Surface of water_ ... _______ . ________________________ . _______ _ 

33.6 

33.6 

33.6 

34.3 

34.3 

35.3 

35.3 

35.4 

36.1 

36.5 

37.5 

37.8 

37.8 

38.4 

39.6 

39.6 

39.8 

Knox Bridge, 100 feet west of, in fork of road, maple tree, nail in 

root of. . _____ ....... _ .. _ . ___ . __ . _ . _ . __ .... ___ . _ . __ ... _ ... . 

Knox Bridge, 200 feet west of S. A. Glenn's house, in chimney, 

bronze tablet marked "613 Atlanta" __ ..... _ .... ___ ...... _ .. . 

Surface of water_ ... _____________________ . _________________ . _ 

Surface of water ... _ ... _ ..... _____________ . ______ . ___________ _ 

25 feet northwest of Shoal Creek, dead stump, nail in top of. __ . __ . 

Shoal Creek, mouth of, surface of water._ ... _______ . ___ . _____ ... 

Pine stump, 200 feet north of river, nail in top of. ___ .. ___ . ____ ._ 

Knox Branch, mouth of, surface of water __ ... __ . _____________ .. 

Oak tree, 900 feet north of river, nail in root of _________________ _ 

Burton Branch, mouth of, surface of water .. ____ ._. _____ ._. ___ .. I 

South side of river, point on bottom of cliff._ ... ___ ._._. _______ .. 

Pullins Ferry, 250 feet south of, 10 feet north of road, red oak tree, 

nail in root of ..... _________ . ___ . _______ .. _ .......... _ .... . 

Pullins Ferry, surface of water _ . _ .. _______ . __ ...... _____ .... _ 

Cleveland Shoals, head of, surface of water. __ .. _._ .. ___ . ___ . __ . 

Averys Ferry, sycamore tree 10 feet north of river, nail in root of_ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. __________________ . _ . ___ ..... _ 

Bottom of cliff, 2 feet south of river, point on rock._ .. _ ...... ____ [ 

27 

Elevation 

in feet. 

615.42 

610 

614.54 

607 

605 

604 

623.27 

606.46 

600 

628.875 

599 

601.17 

597 

.598.10 

595 

592 

597. 79 

590 

588 

602. 73 

612.24:1 

588 

587 

598.34 

586 

601.72 

586 

591. 83 

582 

588.07 

596.59 

581 

578 

584.36 

578 

581.95 
28 

Distance! 

in miles. 

RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES 0~' 1903. 

Elevations on Tugaloo River below Tallulah Falls-Continued. 

[No.115. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

-------------------------------------------------------1---------

39. 8 Averys Ferry, 20 feet south of river, top of cliff, in rock, bronze 

tablet marked "588 Atlanta" ______ ... ____________ .......... . 

40. 3 Bradberrys Ferry, walnut tree 100 feet south of river, nail in root of_. 

40. 3 Chandlers Shoals, head of, surface of water _____________________ _ 

40. 7 Bottom of cliff, 1 foot south of river, point on rock .. _. ___ . __ .. __ 

40. 8 Beech tree, 1 f~ot south of river, nail in root of. ________________ _ 

40. 8 "Surface of water __________________ ·- _______________ . _ .. ______ _ 

40.9 

41. 1 

41.4 

41.7 

42.3 

42.8 

_ 42.8 

43.3 

43.3 

43. 7 

43. 7 

44.2 

44.2 

44.5 

44. 7 

4.5.3 

46.3 

46.3 

46.6 

46.6 

47. 7 

47.8 

48.2 

48.2 I 

4821 

Reed Creek, mouth of, surface of water ... ________ . ____________ _ 

Foot of Chandlers Shoals, surface of water ............ _ . __ . ___ .. 

Reed Creek, 900 feet east of 10 feet south of river, nail in stump .. 

Boat landing, birch tree, nail in root of. .. __ ..... ____ . ____ . _ .. _ .. 

Hatton Shoals, head of, surfaoo of water _____________ ....... ___ _ 

North edge of river, F. Clark's house, 1,000 feet south of, nail in 

root of maple tree. _______ ............... ________ .......... _ 

Surface of water __________________________________________ . __ 

Big Beaverdam Creek, 25 feet e!tSt of, nail in root of beech tree ..... 

Surface of water .... _______ .. ____ . ________________ . _________ _ 

Large pine tree, 25 feet east of small stream, 5 feet north of river, 

nail in root of ... ________________________________ ........ ___ 1 

~::: ;:::~;;~.;,- ~; ~;~. ;,.;~t- ~~- .:.;;~_ -_ -_:: : : : : : : : : :: : : : : : : :I 

Surface of water ... ____ ...... _ ... __ .......... _ ... _ ..... _ . _ . _ 

Mouth of branch, surface of water ... ___ ........... _____ . _. _ .. . 

Mouth of branch, surfaee of water. _____ .. ___ ...... _. _______ .. . 

Water oak tree, 30 feet northeast of river, nail in root of_ .. .' ... _. 

Beech tree, 15 feet east of river, nail in root of ............. _ .. _. 

Surfaee of water_ ... _ .... ______ .. _ ... _ ....... __ .... ___ . _ . _ . _ 

Burnt stump, 40 feet east of river, nail in top of. .. _ .. __ . __ . ___ . 

Surface of water _______ .... _ . _ ... _ . ___ .... __ . _ .. __ . ____ .. __ _ 

Andersonville, S. C., 0 . .5 mile north of, twin beech tree 15 feet north 

of river, nail in root of. ____ . _ . _______________ .. __ . __ .. _ . __ _ 

Mouth of branch, surface of water. _________ ... _____ .. ________ _ 

Foot of rttpids, surface of water ... _ .. _ .. __ ....... ___ ... _ .... _. 

Andersonville, S.C., east side of road, 200 feet east of river, northwest of Little Broadway Creek, in roek, bronze tablet marked 

" 538 Atlanta" _________ . _ ........ _ ........ _ ... _____ ...... . 

"Hrouris" Ferry, surface of water ...................... __ .... . 

20 feet west of river, point on roc.k. - .. -.... - . - -- - - -- - - -.. - ... -

587.443 

581.95 

575 

577.26 

572.24 

570 

564 

562 

566.95 

563.72 

560 

.556. 79 

555 

554.01 

546 

537.07 

535 

526.91 

525 

522 

519 

529.36 

525.17 

519 

524. 70 

518 

522.27 

516 

511 

537.519 

510 

48.21 514.45 

~---------------------------------------------------------------
HALL AND] 

HOYT. RIVER SURVEYS .AND PROFILES OF 1903. 29 

SAVANNAH RIVER FROM ANDERSONVILLE, S.C., TO LISBON, GA. 

Savannah River, which flows between Georgia and South Carolina, 

is formed by the junction of Seneca and Tugaloo rivers at Ander-

-sonville, Anderson County, S. C. Tugaloo River is in turn forn1ed 

by the junction of Tallulah and Chattooga rivers at a point about 3 

n1iles below Tallulah Falls, Georgia. 

Savannah River proper flows in a southeasterly' direction through 

a rather hilly country, which is chiefly devoted to the production of 

cotton and corn. On the lowlands these crops are son1etin1es damaged by high water. The river contains many small islands, son1e 

of which are in a high state of cultivation. 

During April and May, 1903, a survey of Savannah River between 

Andersonville, S.C., and the n10uth of Broad River, near Lisbon, Ga., 

a distance of 42 miles, was n1ade by Carroll Caldwell, field assistant. 

In the above distance there is a fall of 219 feet. The pri1nary levels 

for this survey were based on the United States Geological Survey 

bench n1ark at Andersonville, S. C. Field sheets were· plotted on 

the scale of 1: 22,500, and during the course of the survey 7 tablets 

and 62 tmnporary bench 1narks were established, 91 :water-surface 

elevations detennined, and the following possible powers noted. 

The first shoal of importance is the McDaniels Shoal, where there 

is a fall of 19 feet in 21 miles. Half a n1ile above the foot of the 

shoal and at the head of Harper Island is an excellent site for a 

dan1 about 700 feet long. 

At Turners Shoals there is a fall of 17 feet in about 2! miles. These 

shoals begin at Kenly Ferry and extend to Craft Ferry. The river 

widens considerably about a n1ile below Kenly Ferry and has several 

good sites, one being on Craft Island. These shoals could be developed only at considerable expense, as a dam would have to be 1,000 

feet long. 

Half a n1ile below, the Middleton Shoals have a fall of 11 feet in 

1! miles and offer an excellent site for a da1n. The bottoms and 

sides are of rock. 

One n1ile below are Gregg Shoals with a 7-foot fall in about a 

n1ile. Here the river runs between steep hills and a dam would 

be about 900 feet long. 

Half a n1ile below Moseley Ferry are the Cherokee Shoals, having 

a fall of 18.9 feet in less than 3 miles. This is a very fine power site, 

as the river runs between steep hills. A da1n would be about 1,000 

feet long and would be placed one-fourth of a n1ile above the Seaboard 

Air Line bridge. ' 

One and one-fourth n1iles below the bridge are Trotters Shoals with 

a fall of 69 feet in 6 n1iles. These are considered the finest shoals 
30 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

on the river. They comn1ence at the foot of Watkins Island and 

run below Tates mill to Coffee Creek. In this distance there are 

nu1nerous rocky bluffs where there are excellent dam sites. 

From the foot of Trotters Shoals to the n1outh of Broad River, 

the end of the survey, there is a uniform fall of 3 feet per mile. 

Elemtions on Savannah Ril•er from Anderson·villc, S. 0 .. fo Lisbon, Ga/t 

Distance I in miles. 

48.2 

48. 7 

48. 7 

49.3 

49 3 

.50. 5 

50.6 

50. 7 

51.4 

51.4 

52.3 

52.3 

Andersonville, S.C., east side of road, 200 feet east of river, northeast 

of Little Broadway Creek, bronze tablet marked" 538Atlanta " __ _ 

Seneca River, mouth of, surface of water. __________ . ___________ _ 

Small pine tree, nail in root of. __ . _________________________ . __ _ 

Branch, mouth of, surface of water. __________ . ________________ _ 

Sycamore tree on edge of branch and river, nail in root of. _______ _ 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water _____________________ . _______ _ 

Opposite island, 50 feet west of river, willow stump, nail in top of. 

Branch, mouth of, surface of water. ___________________________ _ 

In footpath, 10 feet west of river, large red oak tree, nail in root of. 

Lightwbod Log Creek, 400 feet west of river, tripple water oak tree_, 

Carters Ferry, surface of water _______________________________ _ 

High water. ________________________________________________ _ 

52. 3 Lightwoop_ Log Creek, mouth of, surface of water _______________ _ 

52. 8 60 feet west of river, large walnut tree, nail in root of. ___________ _ 

53. 3 Browns Ferry, 40 feet west of, double water oak tree, nail in root of_ 

53. 3 Surface of water_ . ____________________________ . _____________ _ 

53. 3 . High water _________________________________________________ _ 

.53. 3 Browns Ferry, 1,200 feet northeast of 0. C. Brown's house, in brick 

and stone abutment at rear of, northwest corner, bronze tablet 

marked "518 Atlanta'' ___________ . ________________________ _ 

54. 6 Powderbag Creek, mouth of, surface of water. ________________ · __ _ 

54. 8 Creek, 520 feet south of, 30 feet west of river, box elder tree, nail in 

root of ___________________________________________________ _ 

5,1) Dooley Ferry, 114 feet west of river, poplar tree, nail in root of. __ 

5.5 Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

55.7 Craft Island, opposite, hanging over edge of river, maple tree, naiL_ in root of ________________________________________________ _ 

5.5. 7 Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

55.7 Long Branch, mouth of, surface of water. ______________________ _ 

56. 1 30 feet south of river, large poplar tree, nail in root of. __________ _ 

56. 1 Surface of water_ . __________________________________________ _ 

56. 1 McDowells Shoals, head of, surface of water. ___________________ _ 

56. 1 High-water mark ___________________ ...... __________________ _ 

56. 8 70 feet southwest of river, pine tree, nail in root of. _____________ _ 

56. 8 Surface of water ____________ . _______________________________ _ 

a Continued from Tugaloo River elevations. Seep. 28. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

537.519 

50.5 

512.60 

.501 

502. 78 

497 

503.38 

493 

499. 76 

007.28 

492 

516 

491 

.501. 09 

497.79 

488 

499 

516.891 

487 

491.88 

492.64 

486 

48.5. 13 

485 

484 

487.61 

482 

477 

487 

483.26 

474 
J: 

;IJ 

< 

fl1 

;IJ 

..... 

;IJ 

0 

s: 

> 

z 

0 

fl1 

;IJ 

(/) 

0 

z 

< 

r 

r 

IT' 

¥> 

p 

-i 

0 

r 

Ui 

OJ 

0 

_z 

Ci) 

?> 

l 

t" 

0 

-~loyd Shoals 

\ unction with .Alcovy River 

Junction with ~ellow River 

1\ 

lsland Shoal . Dam, 3ft. 

Snapping f hoals 

\ 

~eachsto e Shoals. 

Dam 2ft. 

\ 

\simm dam, 2ft. 

JAlbe rt Shoals 

~Fl t Shoals 

\] lake dam, 6 ft. 

0 

b1 

0 

<:;t 

0 

0 

\ 

i' Southern Ry. bridge at Constitution.Ga. 

Feet above mean sea level 

IRR 115-05--3 

...... 

0 

0 

0 

"D 

r 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. SAVANNAH RIVER. 31 

Elevati()'fl,§_ on Savannah Hiver from Andersonville, S. 0., to Lisbon, Ga.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

57.3 

57.3 

57.5 

57.5 

58 

58. 7 

59.1 

59.3 

59.3 

59.5 

60.5 

60.5 

60.8 

60.8 

60.9 

60.9 

61.5 

61.5 

62.3 

62.3 

62.4 

62.5 

64.2 

64.3 

65.8 

65.9 

66.2 

66.2 

66.9 

66.9 

66.9 

66.9 

68.1 

68.5 

68.5 

68. 7 

Turner Creek, mouth of, southwest of river, birch tree, nail in root of_ 

Surface of water ___________________________________________ - -

20 feet southwest of river, birch tree, nail in root of. ____________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Harper Island, 0.1 mile west of, red oak tree bending over edge of 

river, nail in root of._. _______________________ . ____________ _ 

Surface of water ___________________________________________ - __ 

Parks Ferry, 0.2 mile above, west side of ferry road, opposite colored 

house, foot of steep hill, in eliff, bronze tablet marked "495 

Atlanta'' __ . ____________ -- ___ - _ . _ - -- -- - - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - . 

Parks Ferry, 15 feet west of river, large red oak tree, nail in root of. 

Surface of water_ . _______________ . __________________________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Mulberry tree stump, west side of river, nail in root of. __________ _ 

Surface of water ___ .. ________________________ . ______________ _ 

Saddlers Old Ferry, 40 feet west of river, rock eliff, point on rock. 

Surface of water _________________________________________ .. __ 

60 feet south of river, hic.kory tree, nail in root of. _______ ._ .... __ 

Surface of water __ . ____________ .. ________ . _____________ . _ .. __ 

Cedar Creek, 500 feet north of river, large black oak tree, nail in root oL __________________________________________________ _ 

Cedar Creek, mouth of, surface of water. _______________________ _ 

Kinleys Ferry,_0.1 mile southwest of; 10 feet west of river, white 

ash tree, nail in root of ___________________ ... __ . ________ . __ _ 

Surface of water ___________________ .. _ . ________ . __ . _ . ___ . ___ _ 

Turners Shoals, head of, surface of water. ___________ . ____ ... ___ _ 

McMullins Branch, mouth of, surface of water _____________ .. ___ _ 

50 feet south of river, small hickory tree, nail in root of_ ____ . ____ _ 

Shoals, surface of water. _______________ . ___________ . _ . _______ _ 

200 feet west of river, black oak tree, nail in root of_ ___ . _____ . __ _ 

Surfaee of water __ . __________________________________ . _ .. ___ _ 

25 feet west of river, blaek oak tree, nail in root of. ________ . ____ _ 

Surface of water ___________ . ________________________________ _ 

Craft Ferry, 10 feet west of river, red oak tree, nail in root of_ __ _ 

Creek, mouth of, s-qrfac~ of water _____________________________ _ 

Craft Ferry, 125 feet west of boat landing, 60 feet west of river, in 

rock, aluminum tablet marked "450 Atlanta" _________ . _. ____ _ 

Foot of Turners Shoals, surface of water ________________ . _. __ . __ 

Middleton Shoals, head of, surfaee of water._. _______________ . __ _ 

Barnes Island, opposite, 125 feet west of river, small black oak tree, nail in root of ____________________________________________ _ 

Surface of water. __ . ___________________________________ . ____ _ 

300 feet west of river, on top of cliff, dogwood tree, nail in root of. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

473.43 

471 

476. 13 

470 

472.57 

466 

494.435 

468.53 

461 

460 

462.42 

458 

466.598 

458 

471.27 

457 

460.66 

455 

457.68 

454 

453 

450 

456.55 

450 

459.62 

443 

445.80 

440 

443.67 

437 

449.306 

437 

435 

443. 11 

431 

457.46 
32 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

Elem,tions on SavanMh River from Andersonville, S. 0., to Lisbon, Ga.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

69.5 

69.8 

69.8 

70.2 

70.2 

70.9 

71 

71.3 

72.4 

72.4 

72.8 

73.2 

73.4 

73. 7 

73. 7 

73.8 

74.3 

75.8 

76.2 

76.2 

76.2 

76.4 

77 

77.3 

77.3 

77.3 

77.6 

78.1 

78.4 

78.4 

78.9 

79.2 

79.2 

79.6 

79.6 

80.5 

80.8 

West edge of river, willow stump, nail in root of ..... _. _________ _ 

Middleton Shoals, foot <?f, surface of water __ . __ . _______ . _______ . 

20 feet west of river, post-oak tree, nail in root of.. __ . __ .. ____ ._. 

Powells Ferry, 20 feet west of river, water oak tree, nail in root of. 

Powells Ferry, surface of water. __ . ____ . _. _. ___ . __ . _ .. _ ... _ .... 

Surface of water. _______ . ________________ . __ . __ . _____ ... __ . _ . 

Powells Ferry, 0.8 mile south of, 150 feet west of river, white ash 

stob, nail in top of ___________________ . ___ . __ .. __ .. _. _. _ ... . 

Gregg Shoals, head of, surface of water __________ . _ ............. . 

Black Ferry, 25 feet west of river, nail in root of birch tree ..... . 

Black Ferry, surface of water_ . __ . ___ . __ .. _ .. ______ ........... . 

350 feet east of river, octagon burnt tree stump, nail in root of ... _ 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water ____ . __ .. _ .... _ .... _._ ....... . 

350 feet east of river, persimmon tree stump, nail in root of._ ... _ . 

Branch, mouth of, surface of water. ... :. ________ .. ____ .. ------. 

Mill, opposite, surface of water .... ___ ._ .. __ . __ . __ .. __ ._ .. __ .. _. 

Coldwater Creek, mouth of, surface of water _____ ._. ___ . __ ._._ ... 

350 feet east of river, 140 feet southwest of small branch, persimmon 

tree, nail in root of. ________ . __ . _____ . ___ ....... __ .... _ .... . 

Aliens Creek, mouth of, surface of water .. _._._ .. _ ............ _. 

Harper Ferry, 20 feet east of river, southside of road, water oak 

tree, nail in root of._. ____ ..... __ ._. __ . __ .. __ .. _ .. - ... -- ... . 

Surface of water. ____ . __ . _ .. _ .. __ . ____ .. __ .. __ .. __ .. _ .. - .... . 

High-water mark ___ . __ . __ . __ ... _ ... __ ........ , _____ . __ ... ___ _ 

250 feet southeast of W. J. Taylor's house, side of brook, in limestone rock, bronze tablet marked "420 Atlanta". ____ . _ ... __ ... 

Branch, mouth of, surface of water. __ . __ . ___ ._. __ .. _ .. ___ . __ .. _ 

Ruckers and Tuckers Ferry, 40 feet southeast of and 5 feet west of 

river, willow tree, nail in side of. __ . ____ . _. _. _ .... _ . __ . _. _ .. _ . 

Surface of water_ .. _ . __ .. ___ . _____ .. _ .. __ ... _ . _ . ____ . ___ . ___ _ 

High-water mark_ ... _ . ___ .. _ .. ___ .. ___ . ___ . ____ .. _. ______ . __ 

Surface of water_ ... ___ .. ___ . _ .. __ .. __ . __ .... _ .. _ .. _ ....... _ . 

Surface of water ...... _ ... __ .. _ ..... ~ _ ... _ . - _ ........ _ ..... _ . 

English Creek, 60 feet west of, 50 feet north of river, white hickory 

stump, nail in root of. _____ . _____ . __ ..... ___ ..... _ .... _____ _ 

English Creek, mouth of, surface of water. _____ ·-._. __ .. __ ... __ _ 

McCauleys Island, 900 feet south of head of, surface of water ____ _ 

McCauleys Ferry, 40 feet west of river, ash stump, nail in root of.. 

Surface of water_ . __ .. __ . _ : _ . __ . ___ . __ .. __ .... -. __ .. _ ....... . 

Surface of water ___ . _ .. ____ ... _ . ___________ . __ ... _ .. __ . ___ . __ 

150 feet north of river, beech tree, nail in root of. ___ . _______ . ___ . 

Branch, mouth of, surface of water. __ .. __ . ______________ . _____ _ 

Surface of water ...... _ ... __ . ___ . _ ... _ .................. _ . _ .. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

428.03 

424 

432.50 

435.23 

422 

419 

439.30 

418. 7 

421.677 

410.3 

431.08 

409 

419.39 

407 

406 

406 

414.39 

404 

412.26 

403 

416 

419. 146 

402 

405.49 

401 

418 

400 

399 

417.13 

398 

397 

407.19 

397 

396 

407.39 

395 

394 
HALL AND] HOYT. SAVANNAH RIVER. 33 

Elevations on Samnnah River /rom Andersonvilk, S. 0., to Lisbon, Ga.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

80.8 50 feet.east of river, walnut tree, nail in root of. __ .............. . 

81 Moseley Ferry, 50 feet east of river, walnut tree, nail in root of_ ... . 

81 Surface of water ............................................ . 

81. 3 Surface of water ...... _ . ___________ . _ .. ____ . _ .. __ .... ___ .... . 

81. 6 Surfaee of water .... _ •. __________ . __ ...... _ ..... _ ........... . 

81. 7 Large falls, head of, surfaee of water ______ . __ ................. . 

81. 8 50 feet east of river, twin pine tree, nail in root of ............... . 

81. 9 Cherokee Shoals, surface of water _______ .. _____ .. __ ......... _ .. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

398.77 

400 

392 

392 

391 

390 

399.23 

388 

82. 6 . Surface of water. ____ . _ . ___________ . _ . ________ ...... _ . . . . . . . . 379 

82.6 

83.2 

83.3 

83.5 

83.7 

84.2 

84.2 

85.1 

85.2 

85.2 

85.5 

85.7 

85.9 

86 

86.2 

86.3 

86.3 

86.6 

86.6 

87.1 

87.1 

87.5 

87.6 

88.1 

88.3 

88.6 

:88.9 

.89. 2 

125 feet east of river, oak tree, nail in root of ................... . 

Surface of water ..... _ .. _____ . _______________ . _______ ... _ ... . 

Carter Island, ferry, 40 feet west of river, white oak tree, nail in 

root of ......•.. _ ....... ___ ............................... . 

Surface of water ____ . _ .. _ .. ________________ .... _ . _ ..... _ .... _ 

Rocky River, mouth of, surfaee of water._. ___ ......... _._ ... _ .. 

Surfaee of water __ ....... ____ ..... _. _ .. ___ .... _ .... __ ... _ . _ .. 

Seaboard Air Line bridge, abutment, east side of bridge, bronze 

tablet marked "383 Atlanta'' .. _. __ ... _ . __ .. _____ . ___ ..... _ .. 

Watkins Island, lower end of, 15 feet north of river, oak tree, nail 

in root of. .......... ____ . ____ . _ . __ .... ____ .... __ .......... . 

Watkins Island, 150 feet southwest of, on mainland, dead stump, nail in side of. ____ . _ .. _ . __ .... ____ ........................ . 

Trotter's shoals, head of, surface of water ...... __ ..... _ ........ . 

Shoals, surface of water. ____ . ____ . ________ . ____ .... ___ . __ .. __ _ 

Head of island, surface of water._. __ . _____ .... _ ....... __ ...... . 

Surfaee of water_ . __ .... _ . _ ... ____________ ..... __ ......... _ . _ 

75 feet west of river, nail in stub. __ .. _______ .... _. __ .... _. ___ ._ 

Calhoun Island, end of, surface of water __ ....... _ ..... _. _ ... _ .. 

60 feet southwest of river, black ash tree, nail in root of. ... _. ___ _ 

Trotters Shoals, in, surface of water .. ____ ........... ____ . _ .... . 

Surfaee of water .. _ ... ____ . _ . _ ..... __ . __ .. _. _ ... _. __ ...... _. _ 

Cliff, bottom of, on roc.k, point. ......... __ .. _. __ .... __ ._ ...... . 

Calhoun Ferry, triple cedar tree, 75 feet west of river, nail in root of _________ . _________ . ____________ . _____ . _____ .. _____ _ 

Surface of water ...... _ . _ ... _ ....... _ .. , .............. ______ . 

Surface of water_ ....... ______ ....... _ . _ ...... _. ___ ..... _ . __ _ 

50 feet southwest of river, in path, pine tree, nail in root of .... _ . 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water_ ... ____ ..... _ ....... ___ . _ ... . 

Surface of water ........ _______ . ___ . __ . __ . _ .... _____ ...... __ _ 

10 feet southeast of road, Spahish oak, 400 feet west of river, nail 

in root of tree. _______________ . __ .... __ ...... ____ .. _ .... ___ . 

Surfaee of water_ ....... _._._ .. _ .. _._._ .. _ ..... ___ ._ .... _ .. _ .. 

Surface of water .. _ ..... ________ ...••.•...................... 

385.75 

374 

382.52 

373 

372 

371 

382. 161 

375.7 

374.59 

367 

364 

362 

358 

367.4 

356 

365.01 

353 

351 

354.27 

348.39 

340 

336 

341.32 

329. 7 

328 

338.61 

325 

322 
34 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFII.ES OF 1903. (NO. 115. 

Elevations on Sa-vannah River j1'0m Andersonville, 8. G., to Lisbon, Ga.-Con~inued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

89.2 

89.7 

89.4 

89.7 

90.1 

90.2 

90.3 

90.3 

90.4 

91.3 

91.3 

91.8 

92.3 

92.8 

92.8 

92.8 

93. 7 

93.9 

94.2 

96.1 

96.1 

96.2 

96.4 

200 feet west of river, on top of steep hill, in footpath, hickory tree, 

nail in root of_ _________________________________ - __ - _ -- - - - - -

Calhoun Ferry, 2.5 miles southeast of, 50 feet west of river, in large bronze tablet marked "320 Atlanta" __________ - ___ - _ - _ -- -- -- -

Surface of water ________________________________________ -- -- -

Surface of water ________________________ - - - - - _ -- -- - - - - -- -- - - -

Surface of water _________________________ . _______ - ____ -- -- -- -

Surface of water __________________________ . _______________ - _ -

10 feet west of river, 300 feet north of old mill, water oak, nail in 

root of ______________________________ - - - - - -- - - - - -- -- -- -- -- -

Surface of water __________________________ . _________________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ -

Branch, mouth of, surface of water __________ -- ____ ---- __ -..... -I 

10 feet west of river, dead birch tree, nail in root of. _______ ._._._ 

Surface of water _________ . __ . _______________________ . __ .... __ 

Creek, surface of water. ________________________________ -.-.---

Clarks Ferry, 200 feet west of river, water oak, copper tack in root __ 

Surface of water __________ . ______________ .. _________________ _ 

High-water mark. _____________ . _____ , . ____ . ___________ . _____ _ 

Creek, 1 ,500 fee~ below, surface of water- - - ~ - --. - - - - - - -- -- -- -- -- -I 

50 feet west of nver, gum tree, copper tack m s1de of. ___ . _______ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________ . ____ . __ _ 

Petersburg Ferry, east side of road, dead black gum, nail in root of._ 

Broad River, mouth of, surface of water _________________ . _____ _ 

South side of ferry road, water oak, nail in root of_ ______________ _ 

Lisbon, in brick wall of R. L. Cade's store, bronze tablet marked "328 Atlanta" _________________________ . _ ... _. _ . _ . ______ . __ 

CHATTOOGA RIVER BELOW RUSSELL, S.C. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

360.67 

319.252 

318 

313 

308 

304 

305.90 

301 

299 

292 

300.21 

291 

289 

309. 13 

287 

307 

285 

299.66 

284 

293.41 

281 

295.77 

327.85 

Between July 19 and August 10, 1903, Chattooga River was surveyed frmn its Inouth, near Tallulah Falls, Georgia, to Russell Bridge, 

near Russell, S. C., a distance of 30 miles. In that distance there 

is a fall of 809 feet. A line of secondary levels was run, based on 

a primary bench 1nark of the United States Geological Survey 3 1niles 

below Tallulah Falls. The field sheets were plotted on the scale of 

1:22,500, and during the course of the survey 23 bench marks were 

established and 97 water-surface elevations were noted. 

Chattooga River contains 1nany available undeveloped power sites. 

From its mouth to War Woman Creek, a distance of 22 miles, the 

river runsthrough a wild, rugged country, almost uninhabited. It 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. CJHATTOOGA RIVER. 35 

flows in a gorge ahnost the entire distance and is very narrow and 

swift. There are numerous dam sites in this section, as the river is 

almost one continuous shoal and has an average fall of 33 feet to the 

tnile, with a fine rock potton1 and cliffs on either side. The rock is 

excellent for building purposes. 

-.--~--.---+-o---.,..----,..------,------.1_, 750 

1-< 

v ~; p.. 

~----!-::'(~ ..... , ~---f------1----+----+------11 ,000 :@ 

~ 

8 

...t:l 

.., 

j I 

Mlles ~~~-~~-~~--~--~~--~--~750 ~5 ~n lfl 10 5 0 

FIG. 4.-Profile of C'hattooga River below Russell, S. C. 

From War W mnan Creek to Lone Bottom Ford, a distance of 5 miles, 

the bottoms widen considerably, and there are a few cultivated fanns. 

Halfway, at Laurel Branch, there is an excellent site for a 12-foot 

da1n, which would back water one-half n1ile without datnage to cultivated lands. Here there is a good rock botto1n and rocky bluffs on 

each side. Frmn a half 1nile above Laurel Branch to Russell Bridge, 
36 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROE'ILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

the end of the survey, the botton1s are considerably wider and mostly 

cultivated. 

The elevations in the following list are based on an aluminu1n 

tablet marked "1050 M C" at Washington street entrance to the 

State capitol at Atlanta, the elevation of which is now accepted as 

1,049.546 feet above n1ean sea level. The initial point upon which 

these levels depend is a bench n1ark of primary levels of Tugaloo 

and Savannah River surveys at the mouth of Chattooga River. The 

elevations accord with the 1903 adjustment. 

The leveling was done under the direction of Carroll Caldwell, field 

assistant, by Thomas B. O'Hagan, levehnan. 

Elevations on Ohattooga Ri·ver from its mouth to Russell Bridge, Ga., 0.7 mile rwrth of 

Russell, S. 0. 

Distance 

in miles. 

0. 0 Tallulah and Chattooga rivers, 100 feet north of junction, point on rock _____________________________________ . __ -- -- -- -- -- -

. 0 Tallulah and Chattooga rivers, white oak tree 75 feet west of junction of, 25 feet north of Tallulah River, nail in root of oak tree ___ _ 

. 0 Surface of water _________________ -_______________________ - - - - -

. 2 Surface of water __________________________________ . ________ .. 

. 7 Mouth of stream, surface of water. ____________________________ _ 

1 Worse Creek, mouth of, surface of water. ______________________ _ 

1. 2 Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

1. 9 Small stream on north edge of river, Spanish oak, nail in root of. __ _ 

1. 9 Surface of water _______________________________________ . _ . __ _ 

2. 1 Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

2. 6 North side of river, point on rock. ____________________________ _ 

3 Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

4 East side of river, point on rock. ______________________________ _ 

4 Surface of water __________________________________ -. -. -. -. -.. 

4. 1 Surface of water ___________________________________ .. _ .. _ . __ . 

4. 5 Creek, mouth of, surface of water _____________________________ _ 

4. 7 Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

4. 9 East side of river, point on rock. ______________________________ _ 

4. 9 Surface of water _______________________ . __________ .. -... - ___ _ 

5 Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

5. 1 Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

5. 2 Surface of water ______________________ . _____________________ _ 

5. 3 Mouth of stream, head of shoals, surface of water _____ . _________ _ 

5. 6 Camp Creek, mouth of, surface of water ________________________ _ 

5. 6 Trail Ford, point on rock 20 feet east of river __ . _ . ___________ . _ . 

5. 6 Trail Ford, surface of water_ ... _________ .... _________ . _ . _____ _ 

5. 8 ·I Surface of water. _____ . _____ . __________________________ . ____ _ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

761.29 

762.::1 

754 

759 

763 

765 

766 

776.27 

772 

775 

788.63 

779 

851.51 

849 

869 

892 

899 

918.27 

919 

929 

939 

949 

954 

961 

967.50 

962 

969 
HALL AND] HOYT. CHATTOOG A RIVER. 37 

Elevations on Ohattooga. River from its mouth to Rus8ell Bridge, Oa., 0.7 mile north of 

RU8sell, 8. C.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

6. 1 Surface of water_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 979 

6. 3 Surface of water ____________________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 989 

6. 7 Surface of water_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 999 

7 Surface of watt>r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 000 

7. 2 Surface of water_ .. _____ .____________________________________ 1, 029 

7. 4 Cliff Creek, mouth of, smface of water. ___________ ._._._. _____ .. 1, 035 

7. 4, Cliff Creek, 500 feet above, east side river, point on rock. _______ .. 

7. 5 Surface of water ___ .. __________________________ . _ .... _______ _ 

7. 6 Chechero Creek, mouth of, surface of water. _________ . _________ ._ 

7. 8 Surface of water .. ______ . _____ . ______ . _ . ___________________ .. 

8 Surface of water ____ .. ______ . _______ . ____________ . _ . _ . _ . _ ... _ 

8 '> Surface of water __ ... ___________________________ . ___ . _______ _ 

8.4 

8.5 

8.6 

9 

9.5 

9.8 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10.5 

10.6 

10.6 

10.8 

11 

11.4 

11. 7 

12 

12.5 

12. 7 

12.9 

13 

13.2 

13.6 

13.8 

14 

14 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________ . _ . _ .... _ . _ .... _ ... __ . _ .. 

Surface of water. __ .. _ . _ ... _ . __ .. _____ •.. _ . _ .. _ ........ _ .... _ 

Surfaee of water. __ ...... __ ... __ . __ . ___ .... __ ............ _ .. . 

Surfaee of water ___ ........ _ . __ . _ .. __ . __ ... _ . _ .............. . 

Surface of water. __ .... _ ... _ . __ ..... _ .. ___ ... ____ . _ . _ ...... _ . 

East side of river on edge of bank, point on roek .... __ ........ _ .. . 

Surface of water __ ... ____ ... _ .. _ .... _____ . _ ... __ . _ ... ____ ... . 

Iron bridge, South Carolina side, iron bar under bridge, point on._ .. . 

Iron bridge, surface of water ... ____ .. _ .............. _ .. _ .... _ .. 

High water __ .. _ ...... _ .... ___ .. _ ...... __ . _ ................. . 

Surface of water ___ . __ ....... _ ......... _ ..... _ .. ___ .... _ .. _ . _ 

Mouth of creek, surfaee of water .. _ ...... _ . _ . __ . _ ........ _ .... . 

Head of fa)ls, surface of water_ . __ ..... _ ..... _ .......... _ .. _ .. . 

Mouth of stream, surfaee of water._. ___ .... _._ .. _._ ........ _._ .

1 

Surface of water_ . ___ ... _ ........ _ .... __ ..... _ . __ . _ . _ . _ .. _ .. . 

Surfaee of water ... _ ...... _ ........ _ ... _ . _ .. _ ........ __ . _ . _ .. : 

Mouth of stream, surface of water. __ ............... _ . _ .. _ .... . 

Surface of water __ ..... ___ .......... _ ....... _ .. _ . ____ ....... . 

50 feet south of island, east sid{' of river, 10 feet from bank, point on rock .... ___ .. ____ .......................... __ ............ . 

Surface of water. _ ... _ . _ ..... _ . __ ........ _ .................. -

Surface of watet· .... _. _ .... _ ... __ ........ _ .................. . 

Surfaee of water_ .. _ .. _. _. __ .. __ ..... _ ... __ ................. . 

Stream, mouth of, smfaee of water. __ ........................ _ 

Surface of water ..... _ .... _ ....... _ ... _ ........ _ ..... _ ..... . 

South Carolina side of river, at large cliff, point on roek ............ . 

Smface of water __ -.- ........ _ ........ _ .....................• 

Mouth of Fall Creek, smface of water ... ___ .. _ ...... - ... - ..... . 

1,045.26 

1,039 

1,049 

1,059 

1,069 

1,079 

1,089 

1,099 

1,109 

1,119 

1,129 

1,149 

1,152.43 

1,159 

1,168.95 

1,166.3 

1,177 

1,169 

1,173 

1,179 

1,183 

1,189 

1,199 

1,204 

1,209 

1,217.86 

1,219 

1,223 

1,229 

1,232 

1,239 

1,245.53 

1,249 

1,262 
38 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No. 115. 

Elevations on Ohattooga River from. its nwuth to Russell Bridge, Ga., 0.7 mile north of 

Russell, S. 0.--Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

14.5 

14. 7 

15 

15. 7 

16 

16.6 

16.8 

16.9 

17 

17.4 

17.8 

18 

18. 7 

18. 7 

18.9 

19. 1 

19.2 

19 

19. 7 

19.8 

20 

20 

20.2 

20.6 

20.7 

20.8 

21 

21.2 

22 

22. 1 

22.3 

22. 7 

23 

23 

23 

23.8 

23.8 

24.8 

25.2 

25.2 

Surface of water _____________________ .. _____________________ _ 

Surfaee of water __ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _____ ... _________________________ _ 

Surfaee of water. _____ . _________ . ______________ . _ . _ . ______ .. . 

Surface of water ............................. ________ . _ .... _ . 

Surfaee of water _________ .. _______ . __ ...... _ ................ . 

Ric.h Creek, mouth, surface of water .. _ ... _ .... _ ............... . 

Surface of water ....... _ .... _ ............................... . 

South Carolina side of river, point on rock ...................... . 

Surfaee of water ..... _ ...................... _ ......... _ ..... . 

Surfaee of water ... _ .. _ ........ _ .. _ .. _ ....... __ . ___ . __ ..... _ . 

Sandy Bottom, 1,000 feet below, east side of river, point on rock ... _-~ 

Surface of water __ . _ . _ . __ ..... _ . _ ....................... -- . - -I 

Surfaee of water ............................................ . 

East side of river, point on roc.k .................... _ . __ ....... . 

Surface of water. _ .......................................... . 

300 feet below falls, at bend in river, point on rock .............. . 

Foot of falls, surface of water ............ _ .................... . 

Head of falls, surface of water ............................ _ ... . 

Surface of water ................. _ .. _ ....................... . 

Roc.k Creek, mouth of, surface ·of water .. _ ..................... . 

Sandy Ford, surface of water ................................. -

Sandy Ford, 75 feet north of, 15 feet east of river, nail in root of 

white oak tree ... _ ... _ ... _ ..... ____ ................ _ ...... . 

Surfaee of water ... ___ .......... _ ......................... __ _ 

Surface of water ______________ . ______ .. _ ... ____________ ... _ .. 

Dick Creek, mouth of, surface of water ..... __ .... __ ............ . 

Surface of water ... _ . _ . _ .. ____ ....... _ . ___ ·. __ ........ ~ ..... _ . 

East side of river, point on rock~._ ......................... _ .. . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Surface of water .................................... _ ....... . 

Surface of water .... _ ...... _ . _ .............................. . 

4 feet east of river, nail in root of large pine tree ................ . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Earl Ford, 100 feet below ford, eastside of river, point on roek .. _ .. . 

Surface of water ..... __ .. __ . _. _ ...... _ . _ . __ . _ ... -. _ .. ___ .... . 

War Woman Creek, mouth of, surfaee of water _____________ · __ ... . 

South side of river, point on rock ____ .. _ .... ______ .. __ .... __ .. _ 

Surfaee of water _________ . ______ . _ .. _. __ ........... _ . _ ...... _ 

Surface of water .. _ ............ _ ...... _ ..................... . 

West side of river, point on rock. _ .... _ ................... _ ... . 

Surface of water ____ . ___ . ___ ................................ _ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,268 

1,279 

1,289 

1,296 

1,299 

1,308 

1,309 

1,310.4 

1,319 

1,329 

1,332 

1,340 

1,359 

1,366.45 

1,360 

1,376.19 

1,375 

1,381 

1,399 

1,406 

1, 411 

1,416.55 

1, 419 

1,429 

1,439 

1,449 

1,452.91 

1,459 

1,469 

1,473 

1, 481.86 

1,479 

1,486. 74 

1,486 

1,486 

1,494.13 

1,492 

1,499 

1, .510. 51 

1,505 

40 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No. 115. 

From Fishda1n to the m_outh of South Broad River, 15~ 1niles, 

there is a fall of 23 feet with no shoal of any consequence. The 

hottmns are wide in most plaees and are in a high state of eultivation. 

One mile above South Broad River are the Detwiler Shoals, with 

a fall of 7 feet in half a n1ile. A dam at this point would be about 

300 feet long. A 1nile and a half farther are the lower Moore Shoals, 

with a fall of 6 feet in a quarter of a Inile, and good outcrop of hard 

rock on both sides. A dan1 here would be about 350 feet long. 

Five 1niles farther up are the Payton Shoals, with a f!tll of 4 feet 

in a quarter of a 1nile. Here the steep banks show granite on the 

southeast side. 

Two and one-half n1iles upstrean1 are the Cowpen Shoals, with a 

fall of 8 feet. This is an excellent site for a dan1, having rock bottmn and sides. Two 1niles upstrean1 are Moore Shoals, with a fall 

~~~~~-7.~~~~--~--~--~--~--~--~--~--~~2~ Miles 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 

FIG. 5.-Profile of Broad River below Carnesville, Ga. 

of 19 feet in three-fourths of a mile. The river here is about 400 

feet wide, with solid rock bluffs on either side. 

One-half mile beyond are Brown Shoals, with a 10-foot fall in onethird of a mile. A dan1 here would be about 400 feet long and would· 

have an excellent foundation. One and three-fourths n1iles upstream 

are the Bryant Shoals, with a fall of 20 feet in 1i n1iles. This is an 

excellent site for a dam, having good botton1s and rock sides. 

For 12 miles upstream to Double Bridge the shoals are smaH and 

do not seen1 important.· Fro1n Double Bridge to Harrison Bridge, 

at which point the survey ended, a distanee of 6 miles, the river is 

very narrow and shoaly, but the volun1e of water is s1nall. 

The elevations in the following list are based on a bronze tablet 

in a brick wall of R. L. Cade's store at Lisbon, Ga., marked "Atlanta 

328," the elevation of which is accepted as 327.850 feet above mean 

sea level. They accord with the 1903 adjustment of the preciselevel net. 

The leveling was done under the direction of Carroll Caldwell, 

field assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levelmano 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. BROAD RIVER. 41 

Elevations on Broad River }rom mouth to Harrison Bridge, 3 mile.s southwest of Carnesville. 

Distance 

in miles. 

0. 0 Lisbon, mouth of Broad River, 870 feet northwest of, south side of 

Elevation 

in feet. 

ferry road, nail in twin water oak. _______ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295. 77 

. 0 Broad River, mouth of, surface of water .. __ ...... _............... 280 

. 0 Broad River, 870 feet northwest of mouth, high-water bench mark.... 300 

. 6 Small stream, near, surface of water .................. _...... . . . . . 281 

1. 4 Mill Ford Shoals, foot of, surfaee of waters .......... _ ....... _..... 281 

2. 1 Mill Ford Shoals, middle of, surface of water .... ___ ... __ .. . . . . . . . . . . 288 

2. 4 Mill Ford Shoals, head of, surface of water ••••... _____ . _ .. ___ . _ . __ I 289 

2. 4 Mill Ford Shoals, 200 feet east of river, near 5-inch elm tree, nail in 

live stob. _ .. ___ ... __ .. ________________ .. _________ . _____ ... _ _ 304. 9 

2. 7 Center of bend, surface of water. ___________ . _ ... ______ ..... _ . . . . . 291 

3. 4 Dubose Ferry, 300 feet above, surface of water ... __ ......... __ .:... 292 

4. 7 Anthony Shoals, foot of, surface of water....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 

5 Anthony Shoals, surface of water. __________ .. ___ ........... ·_ ... _ _ 295 

5. 2 Anthony Shoals, at large bend in river, surface of water ...... ____ . . . 307 

5. 2 Anthony Shoals, at rock cliff, smface of water ... __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 

5. 2 Anthony Shoals, at rock cliff, point on rock, 1 foot west of river. . . . . . 311. 57 

5. 4 Anthony Shoals, surface of water ........ ____________ .... ____ ..... 319 

5. 6 Anthony Shoals, surface of water .. ___ ............................ 329 

5. 8 Anthony Shoals, in front of old factory, surface of water............ 339 

6 Anthony Shoals, at old dam, east edge of river, nail in root of birch tree. 347. 77 

6 Anthony Shoals, surface of water ________ .. _ . ____ ................. I 351 

6.4 

6.5 

6.5 

6.5 

7. 1 

8. 7 

8. 7 

10 

10.9 

11 

11 

11.8 

13.8 

13.8 

13.8 

13.8 

15 

15.4 

15.6 

Anthony Shoals, head of, surface of water. __ ..................... . 

Burton Ferry, 6 feet south of river, nail in root of Spanish oak tree ... . 

Surface of water __ ......... __ .. ____ ... _ ....................... . 

Burton Ferry, high water .... _ ..... __ ........................... . 

Surface of water ....................................•.......... 

Mouth of creek, surface of water ...................••••.......... 

60 feet south of river, 25 feet east of creek, nail in sweet gum tree ..... . 

Surface of water __ . ___ ..... _ .. ___ ... ____ ... _ .. _ ...... _ ..... _ .. . 

Bakers Ferry, small shoals, surface of water ........... __ ......... . 

Bakers Ferry, 20 feet southwest of river, nail in root of large birch tree. 

Bakers Ferry, surface of water._ ......... _ ............... _ ...... . 

Wahache Creek, mouth of, surface of water .... __ ... _ .... _ ... _ .... . 

Bells Bridge,.north side, nail in joist_ ... _ ....................... . 

Bells Bridge, surface of water __ .... _ .... _ ...... ~ ...... _ ........ . 

Bells Bridge, high water ... _ .......... _ ........................ . 

Bells Bridge, floor of _ .... _ . __ .......... ~ _ ..................... . 

Bells_ ~ridge, 250 feet north of river, large pi1~e tree near path to river, 

nail In tree ................•••............................... 

Mouth of small stream, surface of water. ____ .... _ ................ . 

Falling Creek, mouth of, surface of water ... _ ..................... . 

355 

361.44 

355 

364 

355 

356 

367.59 

356 

356 

364 

3.57 

360 

373.69 

360 

386 

393.2 

37.5.34 

361 

362 
42 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [N0.115. 

Eievations on Broad Ri·ver from mouth to Harrison Bridge, 3 miles southwest of Carnesville-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

16 

16.4 

16.4 

16.4 

16.4 

16.4 

17.7 

18.9 

18.9 

20 

20 

21.3 

22. 1 

22.5 

23. 1 

23.1 

23. 1 

23. 1 

24.8 

24.8 

25.2 

25.2 

25.2 

25.5 

26 

26.7 

26.7 

28 

28.5 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. ________________________________ _ 

Fishdam, foot of, surface of water __________________________ . ___ _ 

Fishdam, head of, surface of water ______________________________ _ 

Fishdam Ferry, north side river, nail in root of large water oak tree._. 

Fish dam Feny, smface of water _________________________ . ______ _ 

Fishdam Ferry, south side of, nail in root of gum tree. _____ .. _____ _ 

Surface of water ___________________________ . ___________ .. _____ _ 

North of river, point on rock. _______________ .. _________________ _ 

Surface of water ___________________________ .. ______ ~ __________ _ 

Grimes old ferry, edge of river, nail in root of white oak tree. ________ _ 

Grimes old ferry, surface of water. __ • _________ . _________________ _ 

·~;~~~sl~o~~~- ~: _r_i~~~·,_ ~i~e_r_ ~~~~~ _2_~ ~~~~ _s~~-t~1- ~:·_ ~1~~1- ~1-1- ~~~t- ~~ _[ 

Mouth of large creek, surface of water _______ ... _ . ___ ... __ .... _ . _ . 

Pinegrove, 400 feet north of river, 900 feet west of large creek, nail in 

root of pine tree _ . _ .. __ .. _ . _ . __ . _ ... ___ ....... _ . _ . __ .... _ ... . 

Mattox Bridge, north side, nail in plank ..... _ .. _____ .... _ .. _ .. _ .. . 

Mattox Bridge, surface of water .. __ ... _. __ ...... _. ___ . _. ___ ... __ . 

Bridge floor. _ ... _ . __ .. ______ , . __ . _ .. _ . _ ... _ ... _ ...... _ ....... . 

High water ... _. __ .. -. -... -- .. -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -

1 

Rock cliff, near, 40 feet south of river, nail in root of gum tree ___ .. . 

Surface of water .. _ .. _ . _ . _ . __ .... _ . _ . _____ ... _ ... _ ... ______ : .. . 

Jones Ferry, east side, nail in root of water oak tree .. __ ._._._ ... __ . 

Jones Ferry, surface of water. __ ._._ .. ___ .. ______ ..... _ .. _. _____ _ 

High-water mark ... _._ ... _ .. ____ .. ___ . __ . __ .. __ .. _ . _ . _ .... ____ _ 

Jones Ferry, 0.3 mile above, 40 feet west of river, nail in white oak tree. 

Surface of water __________ .. _ . _ . __ . _ . __ .. ___ ...... _ .. _ ...... _ .. 

Millstone Creek, mouth of, 60 feet east of, 25 feet south of river, nail in 

side of box elder ______________ .. __ ..... __ ...... _ ............ . 

Millstone Creek, mouth of, surface of water ... ____ ... ___ ..... ___ .. . 

Gold Mine Cliff, surface of water ... ____ ._ .. ___ .. _. __ .. __ . ___ .... _ 

Horseshoe Bend, head of, 150 feet south of river, in cornfield, nail in . Spanish oak .. _ . ____ . _ ... _ . _ . _ . _ .. ______ . _ .. _ . __ . ______ . ____ _ 

28. 5 Dove Creek, mouth of, surface of water .. _ .. ___ .. _ ..... _ ...... ___ _ 

28. 6 I Bend in river, sud ace of water ___ ... _ . __ ............ _ ... _ ....... _ 

28. 6 Surface of water __ . _ . ___ .. ___ .. __ . __ ... _ . _ . ___ ..... _ .... - ___ .. . 

30 260 feet north of river, nail in root of pine tree .. __ .. __ ..... _. ____ . _ 

30. 9 Smface of water .. __ . _ . ___ .. _ ............ _ . __ .. - -... _ . -- - __ ... . 

31 Martins old ferry, near spring, point on rock .. _ ...... _ .. _._. ___ . __ . 

31. 3 Junction South Fork and Broad River,-southeast point of rivers, nail 

in side of birch tree .. __ ._ .... _ . __ . _ ..... _____ ... __ . __ ........ . 

31. 3 Surface of water_ ••.• ______ ..... _ .......... _ ...... ___ . _ . ______ . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

363 

365 

368 

374.35 

368 

374.87 

368 

386.66 

370 

375.51 

371 

388.89 

372.8 

398.51 

401.3.5 

374 

404 

400 

397.88 

377 

393.43 

377 

401 

394.38 

380 

392.64 

381 

384 

405.67 

386 

396.4 

386 

411.3 

391 

420.14 

395.86 

391 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. BROAD RIVER. 43 

Elevations on Broad River from mouth to Harrisen Bridge, 3 miles southwest of OarnesV'ille-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

32.4 

32.9 

32.9 

32.9 

33.4 

33.4 

3-l 

3-1:.4 

34.4 

34.4 

34. 7 

34. 7 

34. 7 

35.9 

35.9 

35.9 

36.8 

37.5 

37.5 

37.8 

37.9 

38.6 

39 

39 

39.1 

39.1 

39. 1 

39. 1 

39.4 

39.8 

39.8 

39.8 

40.4 

40.4 

40.5 

41. 1 

41.1 

Detwiler Ferry, foot of shoals, surface of water _____________ .. _ . _ .. . 

Detwiler Ferry, east side, edge of water, slanting Spanish oak, nail in .. . 

Detwiler Ferry, head of shoals, surface of water ___________________ _ 

Detwiler Ferry, high water. ____________________________________ _ 

Seaboard Air Line bridge, abutment, east side of river, 350 feet from._ 

Seaboard Air Line bridge, surface of water _____________________ . __ 

Moore Shoals, surface of water._. ______ . _. _ .. ____ . __ ... _. _. _ .. __ _ 

Old mill, 25 feet east of river, point on rock. ________ .. __ ._._. __ . __ 

Old mill, mouth of stream, sudace of water ... _ .. ____ . _________ ... _ 

Moore Shoals, head of, sudacc of water. ____________ .. _ .... _ ... _ . __ 

Bells_ F_erry, edge of river, 2 feet from road, ovmhanging Spanish oak, nail 111. __________________________ • ____________ • _ •• ___ • _____ _ 

Bells Ferry, surface pf water. _____ ._. _______ . __ . _____ ._ .... ___ . __ 

Bells Ferry, high water _____ . ______ ._ .... _ .. ~ ...... _._ ... _. _____ _ 

Harpers Ferry, north side of river, east side ferry, nail in root of black 

gun1 tree ....................... __ ........... - - - -- -- .. -.. - -- -

Harpers Ferry, surface of water. _____ . ____ ........ _ .. __ ... __ . __ ._ 

Harpers Ferry, high W·lter .. ____ . _ . __ . _. __ . _______ . ______ . __ .. __ _ 

Holly Branch, mouth of, surface of water .. __ . __ . __ ._ . _ . _. ____ . _. _ 

Moon Ferry, east of ferry, nail in side of white oak tree .... __ .... __ _ 

Moon Ferry, surface of water ______ .. _ . __ .. __ .......... ____ .... __ 

Surface of water .. ___ . ________ . _ . ___ . __ .. _______ .. _ . ___ .... ___ _ 

Mouth of creek, surface of water. ______ . ____ ._._ ... ______ ._ .... __ 

Payton Shoals, foot of, surface of water. ___ . ________ . ___ . __ .. _. __ _ 

Payton Shoals, east side of river, nail in sycamore tree .. _____ ..... _. 

Payton Shoals, head of shoals, surface of water _____________ . _____ . 

South Payton Ferry, 25 feet from river, east side of ferry, nail in side of dead willow tree. ______ . __ . ____________________________ . __ . 

Payton Ferry, high water. _________________________________ .. __ _ 

Payton Ferry, surface of water. _________________________________ _ 

Payton Ferry, high water ___________________________ .. __ . __ . ___ _ 

Payton No.2, head of shoals, surface of water. __ ... _. ____________ _ 

Victory Ferry, overhanging birch tree, nail in side of_._._._. ______ _ 

Victory Ferry, surface of water _________ ..... _ ... ________ .. __ ... _ 

High water .........•... _ . _ ..•. _______________________________ _ 

~n Ferry, Mil in root of white oak tree. ______ ...• ___________ . __ 

Moon Ferry, foot of shoals, surface of water. ____ . ________________ _ 

Moons Shoals, head of, surface of water. ____________________ ._. __ _ 

Bend in river, 1,500 feet east of Mill Creek, east side river, point on rock. ________________________________________________ ~- _____ _ 

Surface of water. ___ . __ • __ •• _ • _ • _ • _ , _ • ___ • ___ • _ . _ ••• _ ••• _ .•••.. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

395 

406.07 

402.] 

423.6 

420.28 

402 

404 

416.23 

409 

411 

418.87 

412.3 

430 

422.54 

414 

432 

416 

423.19 

418 

419 

420 

422 

428.57 

425 

431.35 

449 

427 

449 

429 

432. 17 

430 

450 

442.62 

431 

433 

443. 14 

438 
44 RIVER StTRVEYS AND PROFILES 0~' 1903. [NO. 115. 

Elevations on Broad River from mouth to Harrison Bridge, 3 miles southwest of Oarnes-

'Pille--Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

41.4 

41.4 

42.2 

42. 7 

42. 7 

42.7 

43.0 

43.3 

43. ~~ 

43.8 

43.8 

44.2 

44.6 

44.6 

45 .. 5 

45.5 

45 .. 5 

45.6 

46.2 

46.5 

46.5 

46.5 

47. 7 

47.7 

48.9 

49.6 

50.4 

50.4 

50.4 

50.4 

51.2 

51.6 

52.3 

52.4 

53.2 

53.9 

54. 7 

54.7 

54. 7 

Mill Shoal Creek, mouth of, surface of water. _____ .. _________ . _. _. _ 

Surface of water __ . _ . _________________________ . _______________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. ________________ . _______________ _ 

Moore Ferry, west side of, large spnwe oak tree, naiL _____________ _ 

•Moore Ferry, surface of water ___________________ . _______________ _ 

High water _______________________ . ___________________________ _ 

Moore Shoal, at spring, foot of shoals, surface of water __________ . __ 

Shoals, surface of water_. ______ , ___ . __________ ~ ... __________ .. __ 

Moore Shoals, near head of, point on rock ... _._ .••••. _____________ _ 

Browns Ferry, burnt stump northeast of river, nail in _____________ _ 

Browns Ferry, near head of Moors shoals, surface of water _________ _ 

Moore Shoals, head of, surface of water. ___________ . _____________ _ 

Dudleys Shoals, east bank of river, point on rock. _______________ _ 

Surface of water _____________________________________________ _ 

Dudley Ferry, black gum tree north side of ferry, nail in root. _____ _ 

Dudley Ferry, surface of water ________________________________ __ 

High-water mark. ____ . ______________ . ________________________ _ 

Bryant Shoals, foot of, surface of water_ ________________________ _ 

Bryant Shoals, head of, surface of water. ________________________ _ 

Sawmill, Spanish oak tree, 50 feet from river, nail in root of ________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________ . ________________________ . 

Head of shoals, surface of water .. _____ .. __________ .. ___________ _ 

Bluestone Creek, north side river, 1.2 miles below Bluestone Creek, point on rock. _____________________________________________ _ 

Surface of water _____ . _ . _______ ·- _____________________________ _ 

Mouth of Bluestone Creek, surface of water .. _. __________________ _ 

Surfaee of water _______ . _________________________ . ___________ _ 

New Lattice Bridge, Past side of river, nail in floor of. ____________ _ 

Bridge floor ________ ..••••••••••••••. ___ . ____________________ _ 

Bridge, surfaee of water. _ .. ___________________________________ _ 

High-water mark. _______ . ____________________ ... _____________ _ 

Mouth of stream, foot of shoals, surfaee of water. ________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water .... _______ . ____ . ______ .. __ . ___ .. 

Winters Creek, just below bend in river, surface of water, temporary beneh mark _______________________________________________ _ 

Winters Creek, mouth of, head of shoals, surface of water __________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________ . ______________________ _ 

Mouth of stream, surface of water .. _____________________________ _ 

Bragg Ferry, 2 feet from river, nail in root large red oak tree. ______ _ 

Bragg Ferry, mouth of Hudson River, surface of water ___________ _ 

High-water mark .. ________ . __________________________________ _ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

439 

441 

450 

455.77 

450 

460 

454 

462 

470 

482.09 

471 

482 

489.28 

482 

502 

487 

.504 

489 

496 

.506. t15 

.502 

506 

518.38 

512 

617 

521 

546.44 

548.8 

523 

548. 1 

523. 7 

526 

54.5 

529 

532 

535 

541.7.5 

537 

567 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. BROAD RIVER. 45 

Elevations on Broad River from moufh to Harrison Bridge, 3 miles southwest of Carnesville-Continued. 

Distance [ 

in miles. 

55.2 

55. 7 

55. 7 

55. 7 

57.2 

57.3 

57.6 

57. 7 

57. 7 

58.1 

58.8 

58.8 

59. 1 

59.1 

59. 1 

59.1 

.59. 7 

.59. 9 

60.6 

60.9 

60.9 

61.5 

61.·5 

62. 1 

62.2 

62.3 

62.8 

63.2 

63.4 

63.4 

63.4 

64.6 

64.6 

64.6 

64.6 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Dove Bridge, southeast corner of, nail in side of white oak tree _____ _ 

Dove Bridge, surface of water. ________________________ . _________ _ 

High water ___________________________________________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .. - _______________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water _________________________________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Creek, 60 feet southeast of mouth of, nail in white oak ____________ _ 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water _______________________________ _ 

Mouth of stream, surface of water _______________________________ _ 

Middle Broad and Broad rivers, forks of, walnut tree 75 feet west of 

fork, nail in side __________________________________ ·- _________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Double Bridge, northwest side of, nail in plank ____________________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

High-water mark ______________________________________________ _ 

Bridge floor __________________________________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water _________________________________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Corey Creek, 0.6 mile below, large rock projecting out from bank point on ___________________________________________________ _ 

Small shoals in river, surface of water _______ -. ____________________ _ 

Corey Creek, mouth of, surface of water __________________________ _ 

Bend, on east side river, point on rock ____________________________ ' 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Fish dam, surface of water _____________________________________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Bend in river, east side, point on rock cliff _______________________ _ 

Philip Shoals, head of, surface of water __________________________ _ 

Stephens Creek, mouth of, surfaee of water ________________________ _ 

Ford, oak tree 75 feet north of, nail in north side of _________ - __ - __ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Harrison Bridge, east of, north of river, nail in root of Spanish oak tree __ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Bridge floor _____________________________ ·- ____________________ _ 

High-water mark ____________________________ - ___ - ___ - __ - - __ - -- _ 

IRR 115-05-4 

Elevation 

in feet. 

541 

561.78 

542 

569 

548 

552 

554 

563.30 

556 

556 

575. 16 

557 

581.11 

563 

576 

584 

570 

573 

581.02 

580 

581 

591. 15 

584 

586 

588 

598.59 

591 

592 

603.49 

593 

594 

607.07 

596 

613.7 

612 
46 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

SOUTH AND OCMULGEE RIVERS, FROM CONSTITUTION TO 

MACON, GA. 

South and OCinulgee rivers were surveyed from Constitution to 

Macon, Ga. For the first 28 miles the topography was plotted on 

the scale of 1:45,000, but subseauently on the standard scale of 

1:22,500. The levels are seconda1 levels based on the United States 

Geological Survey permanent bench n1ark at Constitution, Ga. 

Eighty-si.x bench marks were established and 200 water-surface 

elevations were recorded. 

South River rises in the city of Atlanta and flows in a southeasterly direction for 56~ n1iles and then joins Yellow River to form 

the Ocn1ulgee. For 11 or 12 n1iles below Constitution, the beginning of the survey, the river is narrow, being about 15 feet wide at 

places. All along the north side of the river in this stretch are 

extensive beds of clay, which at certain points are being used for 

brickn1aking. 

Flakes' n1ill, 11 miles from Constitution, is the first power now 

utilized on the river. At this point the dan1 is 6 feet high. Below 

for 6 n1iles the river re1nains shoaly and narrow until Flat Shoal 

is reached, where there is a fall of 12 feet with a small gristn1ill 

using a little of the power. Near here the river is very crooked 

and incloses in its large loops flat, sandy stretches of country, which 

are very fertile. Near Flat Shoal is Littlestone Mountain, with 

valuable granite quarries. 

At Albert Shoals, 7 1niles farther down, there is a fall of 16 feet 

in half a mile. The river is here about 125 feet wide and the volunle is n1ueh increased by a number of tributary strean1s. The 

banks are sloping, with no rock visible. The power site has recently 

been purchased by a company which proposes to develop it. 

At Sin1m's mill, 3 miles below, is a sn1all 2-foot dam. Frmn here 

to Peachstone Shoals, a distance of 11 miles, there is a fall of 

32 feet, the river winding through good bottom lands. Can1p and 

Honey creeks enter the river in this stretch and add a large amount 

of water. At Peachstone Shoals is a 2-foot dam which backs the 

water for one-half m~le, and with a canal about 400 feet long 

develops a head of about 9 feet, the power fron1 which drives several turbines operating a grist and a saw 1nill. Soft rock is visible 

on the west bank, while the east bank is a flat sand bar. 

About 8 miles below are the Snapping Shoals, where there is a 

fall of 20 feet in a distance of 300 yards. Near the lower end of the 

rapids several small islands divide the channel into several parts. 

Solid rock is close to the surface on both sides of the river. A portion of the power at this point is used in operating a large roller 

flour mill and sawmill. Mr. DeLoach, the owner, is taking stepE 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. SOUTH. AND OCMULGEE RIVERS. 47 

to develop all the power and intends erecting a large cotton factory 

at tlris point. 

Three miles below here is Island Shoal, with a fall of 10 feet in 

250 yards. Here t4ere is a flour n1ill and a furniture factory, both 

operated by a 3-foot dam with a canal 1,200 feet long. The head 

could be increased by adding 5 feet n1ore to this dam without materially dan1aging any property above. This site is an excellent location for power development, as the banks are high and solid and 

the length of the dam would 

probably not exceed 250 l,ooo 

feet. 

Eight miles farther down 

is the Barnes Shoal, at the 

nwuth of Yellow River. A 

dam here would be about 

700 feet long. There are 

excellent foundations and 

about a 9-foot fall. 

Farther down the strean1 

are Keys ShoJJs, with a 

3-foot fall and several nunor riffies to Lloyds Shoals, 

which has a fall of 43 feet 

in about 2! nilles, at the 

lower end of which there 

-is a good dam site. The 

river at this point is only 

about 350 feet wide, with 

solid rocky banks rising 50 

feet on either side. A 45-

foot dam at this point 

would do a trifling atnount 

of damage to property 

above. 

00 

!'-< 

0) 

> 

·~ 

0) 

0) 

b[) 

'3 

~ 0 

"0 

>:: 

til 

>. 

> 0 

<:J 

~ ,,._. 

0 

~ 

.s 

+" 

<:J 

>:: 

~ 

::l 

I 

I 

Ten miles downstream o M~les 5 

~ 

ct5 

~ ·:;: 

00 

...; !'-< 

!'-< '+-! til 

"1< ;.;> 

if) 00 ;.;> !'-< 

00 '+-! til 

~ 0) 

~ >:: 0 

..s::: ;:::::: 0) 

<J.I ..... -bJj-

~ ~ ~ >:: !'-< 

0 0 CQ ;.;> 00 <:J ~ >. til 0) 0) 

F-1 "0 >:: ~ ,!:J 

"0 0) til 

750 

~ 

til II:: ~ lr--- J 

10 15 

500 

250 

20 

~ 

> 

.s 

til 

0) 

00 

~ 

til 

0) 

s 

0) 

> 0 

,!:J 

til 

;.;> 

0) 

0) 

~ 

is Snuth Shoal, with a fall FIG. 6.-Pro:file of South and Ocmulgee rivers from Constitution to Macon, Ga. 

of 12 feet, where a 2-foot 

dan1 and a long canaJ at present run Smith's gristmill. At Lamars 

Shoals, 2 miles below, there is a fall of 19 feet in 1 mile with a 

5-foot dan1 and a canal running a flour n1ill. The river is here about 

1,000 feet wide, with high, rocky banks, and has a number of small 

islands and large rocks scattered all through it. Twelve miles farther down, at Juliette, Ga., is an important shoal which has been 

developed by Doctor Glover. There is a 15-foot fall in one-half 

n1ile, which has been developed by an 8-foot dam with a short canal, 
48 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OJ!' 1903. [NO. 115. 

and runs the Glover cotton mills and the Juliette Milling Cmnpany's 

plant. 

Twelve miles below are Dan1es Shoals, with an 8-foot fall in 600 

feet. A 6-foot dam at this point supplies Carstarphens grist1nill~ 

which is a large wholesale plant. The bed of the river here is solid 

rock, but a higher dan1 would flood valuable botton1 lands above. 

Popes Shoals have a 5-foot fall in a quarter of a Inile, and Taylor's 

shoals have a 5-foot fall within a few hundred yards. 

The elevations in the following lists are based upon an aluminun1 

tablet at the Washington street entrance of the State capitol building at Atlanta n1arked "1050 M C," the elevation of which is accepted 

as 1,049.546 feet above n1ean sea level. The leveling on South and 

OCinulgee rivers is adjusted to accord with elevations of precise level 

bench 1narks at Constitution, Holton, and Macon, Ga., by the 1903 

adjustinent. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 

field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, level n1an. 

Elevations on South River from Oonstitu.tion to junction with Yellow Hiver (head of Ocmulgee 

Hi·ver) near Worthville. 

I 

Distance Elevation in miles. in feet. 

0. 0 Constitution, 25 feet south of Southern Railroad, 4 feet east of signboard, iron post marked" 847 Morehead 1898 " ... _ .. _ ......... _.. 847.006 

. 0 Smface of water_ .... _ ............ __ ......... _ ........ __ ... ___ . 772 

2 Intrenchment Creek, mouth of, nail in root of black gum .. __ . __ .. __ . _ 773. 77 

2 Surface of water._ ... _ .... _ .. _ .. __ ._ ... _ .. __ . __ . __ .. __ .________ 770 

2. 8 McNeals Bridge, nail in root of sycamore tree ....... __ .. _ .. _ .. __ .. _ 769. 57 

2. 8 Surface of water ......... _ ... _ .. __ . _ .. __ . _ ... _ .. __ .. __ . __ . __ .. _ 768 

7 Kellers Bridge, north end, iron bolt ... __ .. _ ... _. __________________ 751.92 

7 Surface of water ...... __ .. __ . _ .. __ . ___ . _ .. __ . _______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 50 

10 Shoal Creek bridge, surface of water ....... _. __ . _ ... _ .. __ . _ .. _ _ _ _ _ 737 

12. 6 Flake's mill, nail in root of birch tree . __ .. _ .. __ . __ .. _____ . ______ . _ 733. 26 

12. 6 Surface of water ... _ . ____ . __ . __ . _________________ . __ . _______ . _ _ 728 

16. 3 Flat Shoal Bridge, south side of river, east side of approach, on stone , 

abutment ..................... _ ................ _ .. _ ... _ .. _ . . 708. 71 

16. 3 Surface of water ... _ . ____ . __ . __ . ___ .. _ . _____ . ____ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 698 

Foot of shoaL .... _. ___ . ___ . _____ . ___ . __ . __ . ___ ._. ____________ 686 

20. 6 Parkers Bridge, nail in root of sweet-gum tree .. __ .. _ ..... __ .. _____ ' 678. 76 

20. 6 Surface of water ... _ ... _ .. __ . _ .. __ . __ .. _ .. __ . __ .. _ .. __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 672 

23. 6 Daniels Bridge, lower side, right end of, point of stone pier __ .________ 667.97 

23. 6 Surface of water __ . ___ . _____________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 649 

25.3 Simms Bridge, surface of water._. __ . ___ . _________ . __ . __ . _______ . 635 

26. 4 Knight Creek, 50 feet above mouth, on root of sycamore, naiL _ .. ___ . _ 639. 28 

26. 4 Surface of water ............. ___ ... _ . _ ... _______ . _____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 629 
ltALt. AND] HOYT. SOtT'rli AND OCMtfi,G E'E RtVERS. 49 

Elevations on South Ri'oer fro·m Const-itution to junction with Yellow Ri1,er (head of Ocmnlgee 

River) near W orth1'ille-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

-------1·---------------------------------------------------------I 

Elevation 

in feet. 

31 

31 

36 

36 

41 

41 

43 

43. 1 

Oglesbys Bridge, 25 feet above, nail in root of oak tree .............. . 

Surface of water .............................................. . 

Peaehstone Falls, nail in root of water oak ...........•............ 

Peaehstone Shoals, head of, surfaee of water ... ---------·-------- ·I 

Peaehstone Shoals, foot of, surface of water ...................... . 

Butler Bridge, 30 feet below, nail in root of red-oak tree .............. . 

Surfaee of water .................. ~ ........................... . 

Snapping Shoals, head of, surface of water ........................ . 

Snapping Shoals Bridge, 40 feet from north approach, on root of water oak ............ __ .. ________________________________________ _ 

622.02 

614 

605. 71 

597 

589 

587. 15 

569 

562 

559.66 

Snapping Shoals, foot of, surface of water........................... 542 

JslandShoals,headof,surfaceof~ater __ ....... ·_.................. 536 

45.3 

45.3 

50.8 

50.8 

52. 1 

52. 1 

Island Shoals Bridge, near south approach of, nail in root of white 

oak .................... __ ........ __ .... __ ................ __ . 

Surface of water ................... _ .......................... . 

Manns Bridge, on south side of river, 20 feet below, nail in root of 

hickory tree ................................................ . 

Surface of water .............................................. . 

Yellow River, mouth of, opposite, nail in root of pine tree ........... . 

Surface of water .............................................. . 

534.89 

525 

518.49 

503 

506.94 

498 

Elevations on Ocmu.lgee Ri1•er from head, at junction of South and Y ellmr rit•ers, near Worthville, to Jl aeon. 

Distance 

in miles. 

0.0 

.0 

Yellow River, opposite mouth of, nail in root of pine ............... . 

Surface of water ............................................. . 

Alcovy River, opposite mouth of, nail in root of large white oak ...... . 

Surface of water ............................................. . 

4. 1 Tusahaw Creek, mouth of, head of Lloyds Shoals, nail in root of water 

oak ............................ :. __ ....................... . 

4. 1 Surface of water ............................................. . 

6. 4 Lloyds Shoals, foot of, surface of water .......................... . 

7. 4 Pittmans Ferry, near south side of, nail in root of beech tree ........ . 

7. 4 Smface of water ............................................. . 

7. 9 Yellow Water Creek, 30 feet above mouth of, nail in root of hickory 

tree ...................................................... . 

7. 9 Surface of water ............................................. . 

9. 2 Giles Ferry, nail in root of pine tree ............................ . 

9. 2 Surface of water ............................................. . 

I 

Elevation 

in feet. 

I 506.94 

498 

494.27 

484 

482. 12 

472 

429 

434.96 

425 

433.97 

422 

430.01 

420 
50 RIVER SU:RV:EYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. (NO. lU). 

Elevations on Ocmulgee Ri1'er front head, at junction of South and Yellow rivers, near Worth1~ille, to Macon-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

9.2 

10.7 

10.9 

10.9 

11.9 

11.9 

14.1 

14.1 

17.8 

17.8 

19.4 

19.4 

22.5 

22.5 

22.9 

22.9 

24.4 

24.4 

25.4 

25.9 

27.3 

27.3 

28.5 

28.5 

32.4 

32.41 

33.9 

33.9 

34.9 

35 

36.4 

36.4 

36.9 

36.9 

36.9 

37.9 

37.9 

Smiths Shoals, head of, surface of water. ________________________ --

Smiths Shoals, foot of, surface of water __________________________ _ 

Smiths Ferry, on south side, 20 feet above landing, nail in root of ash tree. ______________________________________________________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Lemars Shoals, head of, surface of water. ________________________ _ 

Lemars Shoals, foot of, surface of water. _________________________ _ 

Goodmans Ferry, south side of river, nail in root of large red oak tree __ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Wards Ferry, south side of river, nail in root of water oak. __________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Big Sandy Creek, Southern Railway bridge over, 4 feet south of rail, 2 

feet from east end bridge, point on stone pier _________________ ----

Surfa<:e of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Bridges Ferry, south side of river, nail in root of large water oak tree __ _ 

Smface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

South bank river, 10 feet from water, nail in root of large oak tree. ___ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Towaliga River, south bank at mouth of, nail in root of red oak ______ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Glovers Shoals, head of, surface of water _________ ..... _ .• __ . _____ _ 

Glovers Shoals, foot of, surface of water. ______ .. _ .... _. ____ . _____ _ 

Glovers Ferry, 10 feet south of west approach, nail in root of beech 

tree ..... __ ._. __ ... ___ ... _._ ... --.- ....... -.-:--- .... ----- .. 

Surface of water __ ........ _. _ ....... _. _. _. _ ..... __ .. _____ . __ . __ 

Mitchells Ferry, 10 feet south of west end, nail in root of red oak tree._ 

Surface of water .. _ . _ ... _ . _ . __ . ___ . _ ........ ____ . _ .... ______ .. _ 

25 feet from river, opposite milepost, nail in root of thunderwood tree._ 

Surface of water ___ .... _ .... _ ... ______ . _ .. _ .. _____ ... _ .. ______ _ 

Danns Ferry, 10 feet south of west end of, nail in root of ash tree. ____ _ 

Surface of water .... ___ . _______ . _ . ______ .. _ .... - -- - ___ .. -. -. -. -

Carstarphens Shoals and dam, head of, surface of water. ____ . ____ . _ . _ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

420 

408 

410.44 

407 

406 

387 

400.74 

382 

392.69 

375 

399.45 

374 

382.82 

370 

388.15 

368 

379.34 

368 

366 

351 

361. 10 

346 

361.74 

344 

340.79 

330 

335.63 

328 

328 

Foot of dam, surface of water. _____ .... ______ ..... ______ .________ 3'>') ~ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. __ ....... __ .... --.--- __ ..... -----

Rum Creek, north abutment west end of Southern Railway bridge over _______ . __ . _________ - _ . ___ . __ .... - - . -.... -. - - - - -... - - -. -

Surface of water. __ . _ . __ .. __ . _ .. _____ ........ _ - -......... -.... -

Popes Station, in front of, top of west raiL _ . _ . _________ .. _ . ____ . _ . 

Popes Ferry, south end of, nail in root of water oak_--- ___________ -

Surface of water_ ... ___ . ____ .... _ . ___ . __ - - -. -.. - - - - - .. -. -- -- . - -

Head of shoals, surface of water ____ ... ______ .. -- -- -.. _ . _ -- -... -. -

Foot of shoals, surface of water._ ...... _----.--- ... -.-.-.- ...... . 

320 

347.32 

318 

348.23 

326.88 

318 

317 

312 
HALL AND] HOYT. OCMULGEE AND YELLOW RIVERS. 51 

Elemtions on Ocmvlgee Ri1,er from head, at junction of South and Yellow rivers, near Worth1nBe, to M aeon-Continued. 

Distance Elevation 

in miles. in feet. 

41. 9 Holton, 35 feet north of station: 29 feet west of center of track, iron 

post marked "339 Morehead 1898 " ................. _ . __ . __ .. __ . 338. 733 

41. 9 Surface of water __ ... __ .. __ . _ .... ___ .. ___ .... _ .. _ ...... _ . . . . . . . 299 

47. 7 Virgin, west rail of upper switch of Southern Railway at ...... _ ... _. . 322. 52 

47. 7 Surfnce of water ................................... _ ... _ . _ . _ _ _ _ 282 

49.9 Macon waterworks, just below, 30 feet east of track, 100 feet below 

mouth of small creek on south side of river, nail in root of pine tree. 301. 88 

49. 9 Surface of water ...... _ . __ ...... _ ... __ . _ . _ . ___ . ______ ..... _ . . . . 278 

51. 9 Macon, post-office building, at corner of Mulberry and Third streets, 

at left of Mulberry street entrance, in water table, a.luminum tablet 

marked " 334 Morehead 1898 "_ . _. _ . __ . __ . ________ . _____ . __ .. _ 333. 942 

YELLOW RIVER BELOW YELLOW RIVER, GA. 

Yellow River was surveyed from its mouth, near Worthville, Ga., 

upstream to Simmons's mill, near Yellow River, Ga., a distance of 

57 miles. The ·scale upon whieh the field work is plotted is 1:22,500. 

During the course of the survey 54 bench marks were established 

and 103 water-surface elevations obtained. 

Yellow River flows in a southeasterly direction and contains some 

valuable power sites, both developed and in a natural eondition. 

One-half mile above its mouth are the Indian Fishery Shoals, where 

there is a fall of 12 feet in about 200 feet. The river is here about 

300 feet wide, but a narrow neek projecting just below the shoals 

and several rocky islands considerably reduee the probable expense 

of eonstruction. There is a gristmill and a eotton gin in operation 

here, using perhaps nine-tenths of the available power. 

For 18 miles above the river runs between high banks, alternating 

with low bottoms to Langdon Shoals, without any marked shoals 

except at Lees, where there is a fall of 2! feet, and Flat Shoals, with 

a 1-foot fall. Langdon Shoals have only a 4-foot fall. 

Three miles above, at Porterdale, is the finest power site on the 

river, where extensive developn1ents have been made by the Bibb 

Manufacturing Company, which has a large cotton and twine factory 

at this point. Here there is a fall of 67 feet in half a mile, with a 

12-foot dan1 at the upper end of the shoal. The banks at the foot 

are very high, but gradually become lower until just above the dam 

large botton1s begin and eontinue for 5 miles. Five miles above 

the Georgia Railroad is the next power, McDaniels Shoals, where 

there is a 7 -foot fall in a very short distance, and a 6-foot dam operating a gristmill. The north bank is solid rock, sloping gently, but 
52 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No. 115. 

the south bank shows no outcrop. The power developed by this 

dam could be Inuch increased with small cost. 

Above this point the botton1s becon1e narrower and the river 

banks more rugged and higher until at Milstead, Ga., 4! miles above, 

there is a fall of 45 feet in half a 1nile. A 15-foot dan1, with canal, 

is completed here, and two large cotton factories are being constructed. 

Railroad facilities have recently made this a valuable site for n1ills, 

and a large granite quarry has been opened up at the san1e point. 

Eleven miles above are Anniestown Shoals, with a 23-foot fall, 

where there is an 11-foot dam, which formerly supplied power used 

to operate a cotton mill of the old type. The banks here are all 

hard, unseamed rock, and the site could be developed into valuable 

property. 

Two and one-half miles above are some shoals with a 14-foot fall in 

half a mile. The power is undeveloped, but is in a rather inaccessible 

"' oti I> 

·.: Cl 

.. "' "' s 

'"; C!l 

e A 

0 

~ "" ;::: ..« 

~ <:.> 

C!l 

~ ] 

0 ~ ;::: >4 

~ ;::: J "' _r-

(;---,...-

OMiles 5 10 15 20 25 

FIG. 7.-Profile of Yellow River below Yellow River, Ga. 

section of the country. Above this point the river flows through a 

very rough country for 10 miles, passing no important shoals until 

the next power is reached, at Yellow River, Ga., the end of the 

survey. Here is a dam 7.3 feet high, which operates the Simnwns 

roller n1ills. The lower reaches of the river are thickly settled, eotton and grain being the principal crops_, but the upper part of the 

river is almost entirely in timber land. 

The elevations in the following list are based on an aluminum 

tablet at the Washington street entrance of the State capitol building at Atlanta, marked "1,050 M C," the elevation of which is 

accepted as 1,049.546 feet above mean sea level. The initial point 

of this list is a bench mark of flying levels on Ocmulgee River. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 

field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 
HALL AND] HOYT. YEI LOW RIVER. 53 

Elemtions on Yellow River fmrr mouth near W ortkPille to Yellow River, Ga. 

Distance 

in miles. 

0. 0 Yellow Riv~r, mouth of, opJ: osite, nail in root of pine tree .......... . 

. 0 Surface of water ..... ___________________________ . _ ............ . 

. 5 Indian Fishery Shoals, 10 feet of from water, nail in root of ash tree .. 

. 5 Foot of shoals, surface of water ... ____ .. _____ ...... __ ........... . 

. 0 Head of Indian Fishery Shoals, surface of water .. _ .. _ ............ . 

2. 5 Aliens bridge, east bank, 20 feet from river, nail in root of maple tree. 

2. 5 Surface of water ____ . _______ . ______ . _______ . _ .. _ .. _ ........... . 

4. 7 Lees Shoals, foot of, west bank, nail in root of ash tree_ ........... . 

4. 7 Surface of water ___________________ . __ ... _ ..... _ .............. _ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

506.94 

500 

517.24 

504 

516 

528.49 

517 

528.49 

520 

Lees Shoals, head of, surface of water ________ . _. _______ . ____ . __ . . 523 

6.2 

6.2 

10.7 

10. 7 

13.8 

13.8 

Pickett Bridge, on east bank, nail in root of white oak _ ........... . 

Surface of water ___________________________ .. _ .. __ ............ . 

Flat Shoal Bridge, west bank, nail in root of white oak ..... __ ..... . 

Surface of watPr .. __ .... ____ .... ___ .. _ . _ .......... _ ........... . 

Langdons Shoals, west bank, 15 feet from river, nail in root of white oak. ______________________________________________________ _ 

Surface of water ____ . _____ .. ______ . _________ . _ .. _ .. _ ... __ ..... . 

539.23 

526 

5.51. 24 

534 

549.69 

539 

Langdons Shoals, head of, surface of water _____ .. ____ .... _ .. __ . _. 543 

16. 9 Porterdale ShoalR, foot of, 10 feet from river, west bank, nail in root of white oak. _____________ . ______ . _______ . __ .________________ 561.05 

16. 9 Surface of water_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 549 

Porterdale dam, foot of, surface of water. ______________ . ___ .______ 604 

Porterdale dam, head of, surface of water. __ .. _._ ...... __ ......... 616 

17.7 Porterdale, 30 feet from dam, 20 feet from south approach, nail in 

root of white oak ______ . __________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 618. 38 

17. 7 Surface of water _______ . __________ .____________________________ 616 

17. 7 Wagon bridge, east side of river, at extreme south end of bridge, top of steel post of railing _____________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 627. 81 

20. 8 Browns Bridge, 60 feet above, 10 feet from river, on root of gum tree. 

20. 8 I Surface of water ____________________ . _________________________ _ 

22. 8 Tin Bridge, on west bank river, nail in root of poplar tree. _ . ___ .... . 

22. 8 Surface of water _____________________________ . __ . ______ . _ ..... . 

23 Georgia Railroad bridge, west side of river, on top of rock, chisel mark. 

23 Surface of water __________________________________________ .... . 

24. 3 Hendricks Bridge, north bank of river, nail in root of water oak .. . 

26 Haynes Creek, opposite mouth of, nail in root of water oak._. __ .... . 

26 Surface of water .. ____ ... __ ... ___________________ . __ . ____ ..... . 

28.2 ·McDaniels Bridge, west bank of river, nail in root of large water oak. 

28. 2 Surface of water __ .. __ .. _ . _ ..... ____ . ______ .. __ .. _ . __ ......... . 

McDaniels dam, head of, surface of water _____ . ______ . __ ......... . 

30. 5 We.st side of river, Pine Log Bridge, 10 feet below, nail in root of pine. 

30. 5 Surface of water ..... _ ... ____ . ______ .. _____ .. _____ . __ . _ . ____ ... 

622.81 

611.6 

627.49 

617 

642.{)5 

617 

639.11 

632.26 

624.6 

644. 17 

632 

641 

650.5.5 

641 
54 RIVER SUR.VEYS AND PROFILES OF ]903. [No.l15. 

Ele-tl(Ltions on Yellow Rit•er frorn rnouth near Worthville to Yellow Hi1•er, (/a.-

Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

32.2 

32.2 

32.8 

32.8 

33 

33 

33 

33 

3.5.4 

3.5.4 

36.5 

36.5 

39.4 

39.4 

40.2 

40.3 

40.8 

40.9 

40.9 

40.9 

41.3 

41.9 

41.9 

42.4 

42.4 

43.2 

43.2 

44 

44 

45.5 

45.5 

Botosh Creek, 100 yards above mouth of, left bank of river, nail in 

root of pine. ________________________________________________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________________ ..... ___ _ 

Foot of Milstead Shoals, west bank, nail in pine tree ______________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________ ..... ___ ... 

Milstead, foot of dam, surface of water _____ . ________ . _____ . _. ____ . 

Milstead, top of dam, surface of water ....... _._. __ ... ___ ... _ .... . 

40 feet above wagon bridge, on south side of river, nail in root of large white oak._ ........... ______ . ________ . _ . _ ...... ____ ...... _ . _ 

Surface of water __ ... __________________ .. _______ . __ ......... -- -

Irvins Bridge, 20 feet above, left bank of river, nail in root of hickory tree. ________________________________ . _____________________ . 

Surface of water ________ .. _____ . _______ .. __ . ________ ... - -- -- -- -

Right hank, nail in root of water oak. ____ . _______ . _______ .. __ .. _ . 

Surface of water _____________________________________________ .. 

Johnsons Bridge, east end of, top of bolt._. __ . ____ . __ . ___ . __ ._. __ _ 

Surface of water ________ . ______________ .. _________ . ______ .... __ 

Surface of water ________ . ______________ . ___________ . ____ . _ .. _ .. 

Surface of water _______________________ .. _______ . ___ .. _ .. ____ c • 

Surface of water _____________________ . ________________ . _ .. _ . __ . 

Surface of water __ .. __________________________ . _ . _ ........ _ ... . 

Old dam, west side, on point in stone masonry. ___________ ...... __ . 

Surface of water ___________________________ . ________ ......... _ . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ________ . ________________ ...... __ . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ________________ . ___ .... __ ...... . 

Opposite shoals, right bank, 20 feet from stream, nail in root of white 

oak.------ ______ ------ ____ -------------- __________________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________ . ___ . _ ....... _ . _ .. . 

Mountain Creek, opposite, nail in root of white oak ... _ .... _ ....... _ 

Surface of water ______________________________ . _____ . _ ........ . 

Rock Bridge, on left bank, top of stone pier of_ .. _ .......... _-_ .. . 

Surface of water ______ . _________________________ .............. . 

West bank, 10 feet from river, nail in root of ash tree .. ______ .. ____ . 

Surface of water _____________________________ .. _ . _ ............ . 

Opposite foot of shoals, nail in root of hickory tree. _____ ._._ ...... . 

Surface of water _______________________ .... _ .................. . 

Anniestown Shoals, foot of, surface of water _____ .. __ . ___ ........ . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

653.96 

644 

657.41 

647 

677 

692 

701.33 

692 

697.83 

692 

700.62 

694 

717. fi3 

702 

70.5 

707 

709 

711 

722.88 

712 

714 

715 

730.91 

715. 

727.91 

720 

740.60 

724 

728.48 

727 

748.83 

729 

737 

Anniestown dam, foot of, surface of water ... _ .. __ ................. 760 

Head of dam, surface of water. _______ . ___________________ .. _ .. _. 771 

47.2 Anniestown, east bank of Haydens Branch, nail in root of large birch tree. __________________________ . _____________ . ______ ._. 777. 64 

48. 6 Old mill, on large rock opposite, chisel mark. _________ .. _____ . _.... 788. 55 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. YELLOW AND ALCOVY RIVERS. 55 

Elemtions on Yellow River from m.ou.th near Worthville to rellow River, Ga.-

C,ontinued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

48. 6 Surface of water ............. _ . __ . ___ .. ___ .. ___ .... _ . _ ........ . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ...... __ .......... _ .. _ ... ______ . _ 

50. 5 Sextons Bridge, on stone pier at, top of iron bolt _ ..... ___ . _ .... __ . 

50 .. 1) Surface of water ....... _ . _ . __ .. _ . _ .. _____ . ____ . __ . __ ... _ . ____ .. 

51. 7 Opposite shoals, nail in root of pine_ . ____ .... _ . __ .. _ . _ ... _ ... _ .. . 

51. 7 Surface of water ........... _ ..... _ . ___ . ___ . _ .. __ . __ . _ .. _ . _ ... _ . 

Foot of shoa.ls, surface of water ...... _ . _ . ___ . _ . _ . __ . _ . __ .... _ . __ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ... _ ...... __ . ____ .... _ . ___ . _ . _ . __ 

53 Head of shoals, nail in root of hickory tree ..... __ . _ . __ .. _ ._ .... __ .. 

53 Surfac<" of water. __ ... __ . _ . _ ... _ . _______ ........... _ .......... . 

54 Smfaee of water_ . _ ...................... _ ........ _ .. __ . _ ..... . 

55 Yellow River Bridge, left bank, nail in root of oak _ ..... _. _ ....... . 

55 Smface of water .. ___ .......... _ ... _ . _ ..... __ .............. _ .. . 

55. 7 Yellow River, east bank, 100 yardsa hove Simmons's mill, nail in root 

of large water oak. _ ...... __ .... _ ... ___ .... __ .... _ .. _ .. __ .. _ .. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

772 

786 

809.94 

791 

808.42 

793 

797 

802 

818. 17 

804 

807 

825.41 

815 

834.86 

Simmons's mill, below dam, surface of water._ .... _ .. _. __ ...... _ _ _ 819 

Simmons's mill, head of dam, surface of water . _ ...... _ .. _ ..... _ _ _ 826 

ALCOVY RIVER BELOW DABNEY'S BRIDGE, GEORGIA. 

In connection with this survey 17 bench n1arks were established 

and 26 water elevations were recorded. The total fall in the distance 

surveyed is 231 feet, but at only two points, na1nely, White and 

Factory shoals and Henderson Shoals, is the fall considerable. The 

remainder of the river is n1ostly sluggish, and tree trunks, driftwood, 

and other debris greatly retard the flow, so that during the rainy 

season the river is slow to discharge, causing the water to rise higher 

11 

or spread out wider than is usually the case with rivers in this section 

of Georgia. The average width of the river is about 125 feet, except 

where shoals occur, at which points it son1etin1es widens to 300 feet. 

Very wide and low bottmn lands are on each side for the first 7 miles 

upstream fron1 its n1outh. Then the topography suddenly changes 

and is much 1nore abrupt and broken for several 1niles. 

At the n1outh of Bear Creek, which enters from the east 8 miles 

above the n1outh of the Alcovy, is the beginning of White and Factory 

shoals, which form one continuous series with a fall of 83 feet in onehalf n1ile. Here the river is in a gorge 300 feet wide, with banks 

over 100 feet high at several places, and n1idway of this shoal is 

an excellent site for a da1n. Granite, apparently free from_ sean1s, 

is exposed at the surface on both sides of the river, while the river 

bed itself is solid rock. A dam at this point would be approxi-
56 RlVER StTRVEYS AND PROFlLES OF 1903. [No.l15. 

mately 250 feet long. At the upper end of the shoals is another 

good site with the same character of bottom. A dan1 would have 

to be about 325 feet in length, and a large volun1e of water could be 

stored through the dry season, as the valley widens just above the 

dan1 site. A dan1 at either site would require a canal from the 

dam to the foot of the shoals. An old corn rnill at this point uses 

a srnall wooden dam to divert the water into its flurnes. Many 

years ago a large cotton factory stood on this site, but it was burned 

and never rebuilt. 

Six nliles above these shoals are Henderson Shoals, with a fall of 2 

feet. A 6-foot dan1 has been erected here to supply power for a 

large gristmill, the back water from which extends to Dabney's 

bridge, 4 miles above. 

@ 

a; 

s 

'J) 

I> 

0 

~ ~--"----=......,~-----+---1---+--+-----t---lr---t---t---+----ll,OOO....., Q;> 

Q;> 

~ 

~--+---~--~--~--~~--~--~--~--~~~~~760 0 Miles 5 10 15 20 25 30 :35 40 45 50 o5 

FIG. 8.-Profile of Alcovy River below Dabney's bridge, Georgia. 

The construction of dams at any other points than those described 

would result in the sacrifice of much valuable botton1land. 

The soil is very fertile, and splendid crops of cotton on the high 

lands and corn in the bottoms are grown on both sides of the river. 

With better drainage, however, a much larger amount of land could 

be reclaimed and n1ade valuable for cultivation. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an aluminum 

tablet at the Washington street entrance of the State capitol building 

at Atlanta marked "1050 M C," the elevation of which is accepted 

as 1,049.546 feet above mean sea level, as determined by the 1903 

adjustrn·ent. The initial point of this list is· a bench mark of flying 

levels on Ocrnulgee River. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under t}:te direction of F. A. 

Franck, field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levehnan. 
HALL AND] 

HOYT, ALCOVY RIVER. 57 

Elevations on Alcovy River, from mouth, near Worthville, to Dabney's bnd.ge, near Starrsmlle. 

Distance 

in miles. 

0.0 

1 

1 

2 

2 

.0 

3.9 

3.9 

4.9 

4.9 

5.9 

5.9 

6.3 

6.3 

6.4 

8.2 

8.2 

9 

9.2 

9.2 

9.2 

9.8 

9.8 

10 

10.8 

10.8 

11.5 

11.55 

12.3 

12.3 

13 

13 

13.3 

14 

14 

15 

15 

Alcovy River, mouth of, opposite, on west bank of Ocmulgee River, nail in root of white oak. ____________ . ______ . __ . ___________ ... 

Surface of water _________________________________________ . ___ . 

Right bank of river, nail in root of ash tree .... ____ . _ .. _ . ______ . _ . 

Surface of water _____________________________________________ . 

East hank of river, near water, nail in root of ash tree. ___________ . 

Surface of water _____________________ . ___________ . ____ . ______ . 

Waters's bridge, spike in northeast corner _____ .. ___ . _______ . ____ _ 

Surface of water ________________________________________ . ____ _ 

\Vest side of river, near water, nail in root of ash tree. __ .. _____ . __ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________ ... _________ . __ _ 

Left bank of river, nail in root of birch tree._. ___ ... __ ._. _______ ._ 

Surface of water ________________________________ . ____________ _ 

Mackey Shoals, opposite foot ?f, on· left bank, nail in root of ash tree. 

Mackey Shoals, foot of, surface of water ________________________ _ 

Mackey Shoals, head of, surface of water __ . __ . __________________ _ 

Mackey Second Shoals, opposite foot of, left bank, nail in root of birch 

tree. _____________________________ . ___________ ._ .... _____ -. 

Mackey Second Shoals, foot of, surface of water ____________ . ____ _ 

Mackey Second Shoals, head of, surface of water. ___ .. _____ ._ ..... 

Newton Factory Shoals, foot of, surface of water._. _____ . _______ ._ 

Dam at White's mill, on Newton Factory Shoals, opposite, nail in root of black gun1. _____________________________________________ _ 

Dam, foot of, surface of water ____________________ . ___________ . __ 

Dam, top of, sudace of water ... ________ . _____________________ . __ 

Newton Factory Bridge, on lower end of, on nut, top of bolt. ____ .. __ 

Surface of water _________________ . ______ . ________ . ____ . _____ . __ 

Newton Factory Shoals, head of, surface of watl'lr ____ .. ___ . ______ . _ 

Left bank of river, nail in root of red-oak tree ..... _. __ ._. __ .. ___ ._ 

Surface of water ___ .. ________________ . _ . _ .... _ . __ . ___ . __ . ___ .. _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. ___________ . __________ . _________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. _____ . _________ . __ . ________ . ____ _ 

Left bank of river, nail in root of water oak. ____ . __ . ______ . ____ · __ _ 

Surface of water _____________________________ . _________ . _ .. ___ _ 

West bank, opposite shoals, nail in root of large beech tree. ___ . __ . _ 

Surface of water ____________ . ________________ . _ .. _ . ______ . __ . __ 

East bank river, nail in sweet-gum tree .. __ ._. ___ .. _ .. ______ . ____ _ 

Left bank river, nail in root of water oak. ______ . _______ ._. ____ .. __ 

Surface of water ____ . ________ . _______ . ___________ . __ . ________ _ 

Henderson's bridge and mill, right bank of river, near end of bridge, nail in root of post oak. __ .. _____ . ____________________ . ______ _ 

Surface of water ____ ......... __ . _ . __ . __ . _ . __ ..... _ . _ . __ . _ . _ .. . 

I 

Elevation 

in feet. 

494.Z7 

484 

493. 73 

487 

498.40 

492 

506.55 

493 

505.37 

497 

505.51 

500 

512. 77 

502 

504 

518.50 

505 

508 

509 

562.86 

553 

558 

592.81 

582 

592 

619.86 

593 

594 

596 

604.59 

597 

604.88 

598 

612.85 

620.76 

602 

618.99 

604 
58 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. tNo.ll5. 

Elevations on Alcovy River, from mouth, near Worthville, to Dabney's br·idge, near StarTSville-Continued. 

Distance I I Elevation 

in miles. in feet. I 

-15--~-H-en_d_e-rs_OI_l'-s -m-il-1,-f-oo_t_o_f_d_ai_n_, -st-Ir-fa-ce-of_w_a_t-er-· _-_ -__ -_-__ -_-_-_ ----_-_ ----------~ 607 

15 HendersoH's mill, head of dam, surface of water. __ .. _ .. _ .. _. __ .... _ 613 

18. 3 Dabney's bridge, west side of river, near end of, nail in root of water 

oak (raised cut with hatchet) .. _._ .......... _ ... _ .. _ .. ___ .... _. 627.22 

18. 3 Surface of water. _ ...... __ ..... __ . ___ ... ___ • _ .. __ . __ .. _ .. _ .... _ 615 

TOWALIGA RIVER BELOW HIGHFALLS, GA. 

Towaliga River was surveyed from its mouth, near Berner, Ga., 

to Highfalls, Ga., a distance of 21.7 n1iles. The levels are based on 

a line carried down South and Ocmulgee rivers frmn Constitution 

earlier in the season. The plane-table sheets were all plotted on the 

scale of 1: 22,500. Twelve bench rp.arks were established and 23 

water-surface elevations were detennined. 

Towaliga River flows in a southeasterly direction and en1pties into 

OCinulgee River. In the distance surveyed there is a fall of 194 teet, 

but with the exception of Highfalls there are few shoals or rapids. 

For 21 n1iles above its mouth the stream does not average Inore than 

50 feet in width, and is very shallow. It is swift and has a clean bed. 

At Highfalls there is a drop of 95 feet in a distanee of 3,000 feet, 

in the 1niddle of which there is a sudden drop of 42 feet, known as the 

Highfalls. This is an excellent dan1 site, for, although during the 

norn1al stage of. water the volun1e is small, there are splendid facilities 

to store the water above, as the bottom is widened out into a natural 

basin. A flour n1ill has been in operation here for over one hundred 

years, but it uses only a trifling part of the power. It is now proposed 

to erect a 25-foot dan1 at this point to supply electric power for a 

railway to Indian Springs, Ga., a summer resort 8 n1iles from Highfalls, and also for Jighting the town of Forsythe, 14 n1iles to the 

southwest. Property for 6 miles above the falls has been purchased 

for a storage basin. Between Highfalls and the 1nouth of the river 

there are good botton1 lands, but the country is thinly settled and 

n1ost of it is still in tin1ber. The principal crops are cotton and 

corn. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an alununum 

tablet at the Washington street entrance of the State capitol building 

at Atlanta, n1arked '' 1050 M C," the elevation of which is accepted 

as 1,049.546 feet above mean sea level, as deter1nined by the 1903 

adjustment. The initial point of this list is a bench mark of flying 

levels on Ocmulgee River. 
HALJ, AND] 

HOYT. TOW ALIG A RIVER. 5~ 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A" 

Franck, field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 

"00 

~ 

-~ 13;) 

13;) 

bJj 

~ 

@ 

0 

] 

'll 

ce 

.!P 

ce 

a: 

0 

E-t 

<1-1 

0 

1=1 

_..., 

.9 

<:) ~ 

----- ~ 

1=1 

13;) 

bJj 

'1::::1 

~ 1=1 

'll 

r l---'"' 

.e 

C!:i 

£ 

ca 

~ 

~ 

~ 

750 

] 

ce 

Q) 

00 

§ 

500 s 

5 10 ~ liJ 20 

250 

25 

Distance 

in miles. 

FIG. 9.-Profile of Towaliga below Highfalls, Ga. 

Elevat·ions on Towaliga River from mouth, near Berner, to Highfalls. 

0. 0 Towaliga River, mouth of, on south side between railroad track and 

river, nail in root of water oak. _______________________________ _ 

. 0 Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

1. 7 Lamars Bridge, near east end of, nail in root of beech tree. _____ . ___ _ 

1. 7 Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

2. 2 Small creek on west bank, mouth of, nail in root of ash tree. _______ _ 

2. 2 Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

3. 7 Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

4 West bank, 50 feet from river, nail in root of large pine tree. _______ _ 

4 Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

4. 6 Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

6 Hunting Shoal Bridge, stone pier, on north end of bridge, iron bolt __ 

6 Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

7 North bank, 10 feet from river, twin water oak, nail in root of. _____ _ 

7 Surface of water ______________________________________________ _ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

379.34 

367 

381.99 

371 

377.38 

373 

376 

412.45 

379 

382 

412.80 

386 

399.49 

393 

HALL AND] HOYT. RIVER SURVEYS .AND PROFILES OF 1903. 61 

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER FROM CHESTATEE TO SAUTEE, GA. 

I 

A survey of the upper Chattahoochee River between Chestatee 

and Sautee, Ga., a distance of 55 miles, was made during July ·and 

August, 1903. Between these two points a fall of 387 feet was 

found, the greater part of which is above the mouth of Soque River. 

During the survey 25 bench marks were established and 90 watersurface elevations determined. The plane-table sheets were plotted 

on a scale of 1:22,500. The original elevations for the levels were 

based upon an assumed elevation near Gainesville, Ga., but, as 

published herein, they have been reduced to mean sea level. 

Above the n1outh of Chestatee River for 10 miles are a nu1nber of 

sn1all shoals aggregating a fall of 28 feet. Ten miles above the 1nouth 

of the Chestatee, Little River en1pties from the north, and at this point 

are the first good shoals, where ther~ is a fall of 7 feet in a distance 

of 300 yards. A quarter of a mile above this point the North Georgia 

Electric Company is constructing a da1n 36 feet high, which is to 

supply electric power. The backwater from this dam will extend 

8 miles upstream, to just above Clarks Bridge. One half n1ile above 

this point is a shoal having a 9-foot fall in half a mile. 

Just above this shoal are Reynolds Shoals, with a fall of 6 feet in 

250 yards. There is a good power site at this point, as the banks 

and bottom are hard rock. Frmn here to Mud Creek, 3 miles, there 

is a unifonnly distributed fall of 15 feet, while just above the mouth 

of Mud Creek there is a good dam site. A da1n here would be about 

300 feet long, but the height could be 40 to 50 feet or more, if desired. 

The next shoal of importance is Mountain Island Shoal. It gives 

a fall of 8 feet in half a n1ile. Here the river flows around the island 

between banks 100 feet high. A dam at the lower end would be 

300 feet long. Perkins Shoals come next, 2 miles upstrea1n, with 

a fall of 6 feet, and just above thmn is a shoal with a 7-foot fall. 

These could be used together. 

From here to the 1nouth of Soque River is a uniforn1 fall of 11 

feet, and just above the mouth of the Soque there is a fall of 8 feet 

in 650 feet. For the next 3 1niles there is a continuous succession of 

shoals, with a fall of 74 feet. The river flows in a narrow gorge 

of hard, unseanled rock, and at several points dams could easily be 

constructed. Above this point the river narrows very greatly, and 

is full of small shoals as far as Nacoochee Valley. From the valley 

to the end of the survey there are no falls or shoaJs. 

Nacoochee Valley is very fertile and grain and grasses are raised. 

A large quantity of timber is still standing along the river, especially 

in the upper half of the valley. 

1 The elevations in the following list are based upon an aluminum 1

• tablet at Nacoochee, marked "1349 Atlanta," in a ledge of rock 200 

IRR 115-05-5 
62 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. LNO. 115. 

feet west of ford of Chattahoochee River, the elevation of which is 

now accepted as 11348.269 feet above mean sea level. 

The adjust1nent of tllis line was acc01nplished in conjunction with 

leveling on Chestatee and Soque rivers, tied at Willo'Y and Clarksville, respectively, and by an extra check at Pole to pri1nary-level 

circuits, and accords with the 1903 adjust1nent of the precise-level net. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 

field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 

s 750 

cc 

A c.e 

~ c.!; 

...::: 

biJ ~ ~ 

;::; 1=1 

0 ~ ·c; rn eli p., 

...... ·~ ..... ~ .... 00 

eli eli 

IXl .!:: ~ 1=1 

0 _7-s .!j 

--- v ~ 

~ 

eli 

<ll 

.... v 0 

§< 

c.e 0 

I;!; 

/ r:n-

::l 

~ 

.0 

r----S 

~F ,; 

0 - \1 Jles 35 30 25 20 1 :1 1 11 5 0 

FIG. 10.-Profile of Chattahoochee Jtiver from Nacoochee to junction with Chestatee River, Ga. 

Elemtions on Chattahoochee River from Keith's bridge, at mouth of Ohestatee River, to Nacoochee. 

Distance 

in miles. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

0. 0 Near Keith's bridge, mouth of Chestatee River, on nail in root of 

walnut tree _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 964. 37 

. 0 Surface of water _____________ . __________________________ . _ _ _ _ 950 

:0 Foot of shoals, surface of water._______________________________ 950 

; i) Head of shoals, surface of water. ___ . _______ . ____ ~--. ______ .. _ _ _ _ 956 

1. 7 On nail in root of walnut tree, north bank of river .... ____________ 989.71 

3. 7 Foot of shoals, surface of water. __________ .. ______ .____________ 960 

3. 7 Head of shoals, surface of water. ___________ . _ . ____ . ___ :. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 963 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 63 

Elevat·ions on Ohatt.ah.oochee Ri·l.'er from Ke-ith's bri.dge, at mouth of Ohestatee River, t.o Nacoo.-

chee-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

5. 7 

5. 7 

6.2 

6.8 

6.8 

6.8 

7.3 

8.3 

8.3 

9.4 

9.4 

10 

10 

11 

12.2 

12.2 

13.2 

13.2 

13.9 

16.2 

16.2 

17.2 

17.2 

19.2 

19.2 

19.5 

21.2 

21.2 

22.2 

22.2 

23.9 

23.9 

Small shoals, edge of public road opposite, nail in root of large walnut tree _________________________ . __________ . ________ . ____ _ 

Small shoals, surface of water. ________________________________ _ 

Surface of water _________________________ . __________________ _ 

Iron bridge, nail in root of large walnut tree. ______ . ____________ _ 

Surface of water __________________ . ________ . ________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ______________________________ . _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water _____ . _______ . ________________ . _ 

Thompson Bridge, nail in root of large walnut tree ______________ _ 

Surface of water ______ . _________ . ________________ . __________ _ 

Little River, mouth of, foot of shoals, surface of water. __________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water __________________________ . ____ _ 

North Georgia Electric Company's new dam, 100 yards below, north 

side of bluff, nail in root of white oak. ______ . _______ ._. ______ _ 

Suiface of water. ___________ . ______________ . ___________ . ____ _ 

Chattahoochee Park, on east side and at sharp bend of river, nail in birch tree _____________________________ . ________ . ______ . __ _ 

Foot of shoals, suiface oi water. ______________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. ___________________ . __________ _ 

New Bridge, near Gainesville, near small store building, large oak 

tree, spike in root of. ______________________ -. ________________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________________ . _____________ _ 

South bank of river,"6 feet from water, willow tree, nail in root of. __ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ______________________ . ________ _ 

Head of shoals, suiface of water _______________________________ _ 

Clarks Bridge, east side of river, large maple tree, nail in root of ____ _ 

Surface of water .••.... ________________________________ .. _ . _ . 

Small bluff, north side of river, poplar tree, nail in root of ____ . ___ .. _ 

Suifaee of water. _ . ________________________________ . ____ . _ .. _ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

985.61 

965 

966 

980.26 

967 

967 

972 

998.36 

977 

978 

984 

1,004.04 

985 

1,004.27 

996 

1,010 

1,028.32 

1,011 

1,014.94 

1,012 

1,012 

1,014 

1,039.81 

1,017 

1,045.27 

1,020 

Head of shoals, surfaee of water.__________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 024 

Red oak tree, nail in root of __________________________________ _ 

Foot or' shoals, surfaee of water _______________________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water _______________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water _______________________________ _ 

Savage Ferry, nail in notch of oak post. _______________________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Left bank of river, nail in root of birch tree. ____________________ _ 

Surface of water ___________________________________________ . _ 

North bank of river, nail in root of water-oak tree _______________ _ 

Surface of water ______________________ ...... _ . _ . ___ . _______ • _ 

1,043.29 

1,025 

1,028 

1,332 

1, 051. 30 

1,034 

1,050.46 

1,037 

1,046.76 

1,038 
64 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Keith's bridge, at mouth of Ohestatee River, to Nacoochee-Continued. 

Elevation 

in feet. Distance I in miles. 

- 23.9 ~-H-e-.a-d_o_f_s_h_o_a-ls_,_s_u_rf_a_c_e_o_f_w_a_t_e_r ___ -_--'_-__ -_-_-_·-_-_-_ --_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ -__ -_-_-_-_-_-_ ------l--1-,_0_40 __ 

24. 9 I Seven Island shoals, opposite foot of, large poplar tree, nail in root of_ 1, 066. 94 

25.6 

25.6 

26.5 

26.5 

28.8 

29.8 

29.8 

31.8 

31.8 

31.9 

32.6 

32.6 

33.1 

33. 1 

33.2 

34. 1 

34. 1 

34.2 

34.5 

35.2 

35.2 

35.2 

35.2 

37.3 

37.4 

38.2 

38.2 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ______ . _. _ .. _ . _ .. _. __ . _ . _ .. _. _ _ _ 1, 040 

Head of shoals, surface of water _________ . __ . __ . _ .. _ . _ . ________ . 

Flat Creek, 1 mile above mouth of, nail in root of poplar tree._. ___ ._ 

Surface of water ____ .. _____ . _______ . ______ . __ . ____ . __ ..... _ . _ 

Lu}u bridge.' 60 feet below, on north bank of river, red oak tree, nail 

1n root of _____ . ___ . _____ . _________ .. _ . _ .. ____ .. ___ . ____ . _ . 

Surface of water _____ . __ . _ .. ____________ . _ . _________________ . 

Walnut tree in large open bottom, left bank of river, nail in root of_ 

1,044 

1,045.84 

1,045 

1,065.68 

1,049 

1,076.23 

Surface of water ___ . _ . ____ : ________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 053 

Belton bridge. 100 yards below, right bank of river, walnut tree, nail 

in root of ______________ . _____ . _ . _____ . _ . _____ . _ _ _ . ____ . __ . _ 

Surface of water ___ . _ c _________________________ • ____ •• ____ • _ • 

Right bank of river, pine tree, nail in root of ___________________ . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. ______________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ________________________________ I 

Nail in root of birch tree. _ . ___ . __ . _ .... ____ .. _ .. _ .. ___ . _ . _ .. _ . ! 

Surface of water ... _ ..... _ . _ . __ . _ . __ . _ . _ .. __ .. _ . __ . _______ ... ~ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .. _ ........ - -........ -. -- . - -- -. -i 

Head of shoals, surface of water. __ .. _ . __ . ____ . __ ..... _ .. _ . _ .. _ . 

Head of shoals, on side of bluff, large pine, opposite, nail in root of.. 

Surface of water. __ . __ .... _ ... __ . _ . __ . _ . _ . __ . __ . __ . __ . ____ ... 

Har~sons Shoals, foot o~, surf~c~ of water _ ... _ . _ .. _ . ___ . ____ . _ .. 

1 

Harnson<~ Shoals, opposite, nail m root of oak tree ____ .. _ .. _ . __ .. 

Harrisons Shoals, surfaee of water . ___ .. _ ... __ . _ .. _ .. _ . _ . __ .. _ .

1 

Harrisons Shoals, head of, mouth of Mossy Creek, surfaee of water._ 

Mountain Island Shoals, foot of, surface of water_. __ ... _ .. _. __ ... 

Head of shoals, surfaee of water. __ ._. __ . ______ .. ___ .. _ ... _____ ~ 

Head of shoals, opposite, nail in root of white oak. __ .. __ ._ . __ . _. _ 

Foot of shoals, surfaee of water. __ . _ . __ . __ .. _ .... __ .. _ .. _ .. _ : _ . 

Head of shoals, surface of water. __ ...... _ .... _ .. _ .... _ ........ . 

Perkins Shoals, opposite foot of, nail in root of water oak ........ . 

Perkins Shoals, foot of, surfaee of water .... _. __ -.. ___ . __ ._ ..... . 

1,076 

1,056 

1,092.99 

1,061 

1,069 

1,085. 79 

1,070 

1,071 

1,073 

1, 092.83 

1,082 

1,084 

1, 101.70 

1,087 

1,087 

1,088 

1,096 

1,109.78 

1,101 

1,106 

1,113.68 

1,107 

Perkins Shoals, head of, surface of water _ .. _ . _ .... _. . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 113 

Foot of shoals, surfaee of water._ ............................. . 

Head of shoals, surface of water_._._ .......................... . 

Head of shoals, north bank of river, opposite, nail in root of blackgunl tree ... _ . ____ . _ .. __ .... _ .............................. 

Foot of shoals, surfaee of water 1 .. _ . _ ........................... . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ............................. -.. I 

1,115 

1,123 

1,127.76 

1,127 

1,130 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 65 

Elevations on OlwttahoochRe River from Keith's bridge, at mouth of Ohestatee Rit'€r, to Nacoochee-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

38.3 

38.4 

38.6 

38.6 

39.3 

39.3 

39.3 

39.3 

39.6 

39.8 

40 

40 

40.5 

40.8 

41.8 

42.3 

42.3 

42.6 

43.2 

43.5 

43.5 

43.6 

44.2 

44.2 

44.5 

45 

46 

46 

46.8 

46.8 

47.3 

47 .. 5 

48.5 

Duncan Bridge, 30 feet below, nail in red-oak tree._ ........ __ .. . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ... ___ .... ___ .................. . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ..... ____ . _ .......... __ ........ . 

Head of shoals, opposite, nail in root of water oak .............. . 

Soque River, south bank, at mouth, nail in root of birch tree ........ . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Soque River, mouth of, ip. forks of river, nail in root of pine stump .. 

Surface of water ................... _ ........... _ ............ . 

Head of shoals, surface of water .. _ ............ _ . __ ............ . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water __ ............................. . 

Head of shoals, surfaee of water. _____ ......................... . 

Head of shoals, opposite, on west bank of river, nail in root of red oak. 

Long sl,oals, head of, surfac~ of water .......................... . 

Foot of shoals, surfaee of water ... __ . ______ ........ __ ......... . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ....... _ .... ____ ............... . 

Head of shoals, root of hickory tree_ ... _________ .............. . 

Irwins Bridge, 10 feet below, left bank of river, nail in root of poplar 

tree ..................................................... . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Irwins bridge, just above, surface of water ...... __ ............. . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ...... _ ... __ ........... ~ ____ ... . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .. _. __ . _____ ._ ........ __ ... _ ... . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ........ ___ . _ ......... ____ ..... . 

Blue Creek, surface of water .... _ ... _____ . _ ........... ____ .... . 

Blue Creek, 100 yards above mouth of, in fork, nail in root of red 

oak tree ............... _. ___________________ .. ________ , ___ _ 

Amos Ford, on west bank, large birch tree, nail in root of .......... . 

Surface of water .................. _ .. __ . _______ . _ . _ . _ ... _ ... . 

Surface of water .............. _ .... __ . _ . _ . _ ...... _ .......... . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ... _ .... ______ ................. . 

Aliens Bridge, west end of, red oak tree, nail in root of .... ______ . 

Surfac~ of water ............................... _ .. __ ........ . 

Head of shoals, surface of water. _______ . ______ ........... __ . __ . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ..... ___ . _ ....... ___ . ___ ....... . 

Head of shoals, surface of water_._ .... _ .......... _ . ____ . _ ..... . 

Head of shoals, opposite, nail in root of birch tree .. - . -. -.......... 

Foot of 1 shoals, surface of water ..................... _ .......... : 

Head of shoals, surface of water_ ..... _____ . __ . ___ . _____________ 1 

I 

Shoals, opposite head of, nail in root of pine tree ....... _ ......... : 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .. _ . _ .. _ ........... _ ............ I 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,148.90 

1,131 

1,135 

1,155.41 

1,147.82 

1,137 

1,148.86 

1,137 

1,144 

1,149 

1,159 

1,165.20 

1,178 

1,178 

1,216 

1,222.10 

1,223.37 

1,216 

1,222 

1,228 

1,229 

1,242 

1,243 

1, 256.09 

1,256.09 

1,244 

1,247 

1,250 

1,266.49 

1,256 

1,259 

1,200 

1,263 

1,264.18 

1,271 

1,274 

1,280.73 

1,276 
66 RIVER SIJRVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Keith's bridge, at mouth of Ohestatee Rit,er, to Nacoochee--Continued. 

Distance Elevation 

in miles. in feet. 

49 Head of shoals, surface of water ................. ~- ......... _ ... ), 280 

49 Shoals, red oak opposite head of, nail in root of_ ............... _._ 1, 285. 53 

49 Head of shoals, surface of water .... __ .. _ .......... __ ... _ . . . . . . . 1, 288 

49. 2 Sharp bend of river, water oak tree, nail in root of._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 304. 53 

49.2 Surface of water .. ___ . __ ._ .. _._. ____ .. __ . _____ ... _ .... _...... 1, 292 

50. 5 Suspension footbridge, poplar tree at, nail in root of_ .. _ .. _ ...... _. 1, 305.97 

50 .. 5 Surface of water .... _ ..... _______ .. ___ . _ . ___ .. _ .... _ ....... _ . 1, 297 

51. 8 Foot of shoals, surfaee of water ... _____ . ____ ... __ .. ___ ... _..... 1, 299 

Head of shoals, surface of water._ ... ______ . ___ ._ .. _ ..... __ ..... 1, 306 

53 Sautee Creek, near mouth of, inN acoochee Valley, surfaee of water. . 1, 309 

5.5 Sautee Creek, ford near mouth, surface of water ......... _. . . . . . . . 1, 339 

55 Nacooehee post-office, 200 feet west of, ford of Chattahoochee River, 

6 feet above surface of road, on ledge of rock, aluminum tablet 

marked ' ' 1349 Atlanta'' ... _ ...... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 348. ~69 

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER FROM CHATTAHOOCHEE TO 

FRANKLIN, GA. 

A survey of the middle Cha ttahooehee River was m.ade between 

Chattahoochee and Franklin, Ga., a distanee of 65 n1iles. The elevations for this survey were based upon the United States Ge~logieal 

Survey beneh 1nark at Chattahoochee, Ga., and the plane-tabie 

sheets were plotted on a scale of 1: 22,500. 

In the lower section of the river for 21 n1iles the Chattahoochee 

is without shoals or rapids until Redn1e11s Shoals are reached, where 

there is a fall of 2 feet. The next shoals, Maderia Shoals, 11 miles 

farther downstream, have a fall of 6 feet in half a mile. Here, on 

the west side, is a large bluff of hard rock, and on the east side are 

flat bottom lands. The water is very shallow, and the stream has a 

rocky botton1. A dam here would be about 600 feet long, and to 

be n1ade of sufficient height to develop any amount of head would 

flood valuable bottmn lands above. 

Below Maderia Shoals the river runs over s1nall riffles of 1 to 2 

feet until the Central of Georgia Railroad bridge is reached, and for 

5 miles below this point there is practically no fall until Melntosh 

Shoals are reached, where there is a fall of 8 feet in a quarter of a 

1nile. The river here runs through broken country, with high banks 

on both sides, showing good exposures of hard rock. A dam here 

would be 600 feet long, but several rocky islands would probably 

reduce the eost· of construction. The da1n could be 25 feet high or 

more if necessary. 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 67 

Seven 1niles farther down the river are Fishtrap Shoals, with a 6-foot 

fall in a quarter of a n1ile. A da1n here would be 700 feet long, as 

the west bank is low. Two nliles downstream is the beginning of 

Bushhead Shoals, the best dan1 site on this section of the river. Here 

there is a fall of 7 feet, but added to the 5 feet just above and the 6 

feet of Fishtrap Shoal, a total fall of 19 feet could be obtained. in a 

distance of 5 n1iles. A dan1 built here would be 650 feet long and 

could be of any desired height. Good rock is exposed on each bank. 

Two flourishing towns, Newnan and Carrollton, which are about 15 

miles fron1 here, in opposite directions, would utilize this power. 

One 1nile below is a small 4-foot shoal, where the banks of the river 

are very flat. 

At the n1outh of Centralhatchee Creek, 2 nliles below, is the last 

shoal, which has a 2-foot fall. It does not offer a good opportunity 

for development, owing to the low and extensive botton1 lands on 

~ .<l 

00 

"' .. ~ 0 "' ~ ~ .<l 

00 

.<l 

.; "' 00 1 ... :;:. ...,, ~ 

.~ " ~ ~ <.. :;;; ::>l- ~ 

~ - ~ 

FIG. H.-Profile of Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin, Ga. 

the north side of the river. This section of the river has a width of 

about 300 feet, but in son1e places widens to over 1,000 feet. 

Valuable and extensive botton1 lands are under high cultivation, 

principally cotton and corn being raised, but the transportation 

facilities are very poor. The overflow from the river several times 

a year spreads a slimy sediment over the botton1 which seen1s to act 

as a rich fertilizer. 

For 4 miles below Chattahoochee there are valuable clay beds on 

the south side of the river, which have been excavated to a depth 

of 10 feet. for brick manufacture. 

The elevations in the following list are based on an alun1inum 

tablet at the Washington street entrance to the State capitol building at Atlanta, n1arked '' 1050 M C," the elevation of which is now 

accepted as 1,049.546 feet above n1ean sea level. The line is adjusted 

to accord at each end, Oakdale and Franklin, with corrected primary 

elevations in accord with the 1903 adjustment. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 

field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levehnan. 
68 

Distance 

in miles. 

0.0 

.0 

. 5 

.5 

1.6 

1.6 

3.4 

3.4 

4. 1 

4. 1 

5.4 

5.4 

6.4 

6.4 

7.4 

7.4 

8.4 

8.4 

10.3 

10.3 

11.3 

11.3 

12.8 

12.8 

14.8 

14.8 

16.6 

16.6 

17 

17 

RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Ohatwhoochee to Franklin. 

Oakdale, in front of station, main track, top of south raiL ________ _ 

Surface of water_ ______ . ____________________________________ _ 

Left bank of river, on root of willow tree _______________________ _ 

Surface of water ________ . ___________________________________ _ 

Mason and Turner Ferry, near east approach to, on root to hickory tree _____________________________________________________ _ 

Surface of water _______ . _______________________________ - - ___ -

Old ferry, 10 feet from left bank, on root of sycamore tree_____ _ _ _ 

Surface of water _______ . ______________________________ - - - _ -- -

Left bank, 20 feet above bridge, on root of water oak ___ . _______ _ 

Surface of water _____________________ . ______________________ _ 

Left bank, 40 feet from river, on root of walnut tree _____________ _ 

Surfaee of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Left bank, 30 feet from river, on root of walnut tree _____________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Left bank, -W feet from rivet·, on root of walnut tree _____________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Left bank, 20 feet from river, on root of sweet gum tree __________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Adaholts Ferry, mouth of Sweetwater Creek, opposite, on root of large sycamore tree ________________________________________ _ 

Surfaee of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Left bank, 30 feet from river, on root of large walnut tree ________ _ 

S"!lrface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Dupree Ferry, left bank, 15 feet from river, on root of elm tree ___ _ 

Surface of water _______________________________________ - - ___ _ 

Left bank, 70 feet from river, on root of walnut tree _____________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Camp Creek, mouth of, on root of ash tree ______________________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Left bank, 20 feet from river, on root of walnut tree _____________ _ 

Surface of water __________________________________ : _________ _ 

17. 9 1 Campbellton Ferry, 10 feet from rh'er, left· bank, on root of syea- n1ore tree _______________________________________ - - - - - - ___ _ 

17. 9 Surfaee of water ____________________________________________ _ 

20.6 

20.6 

21.2 

21.2 

21.3 

21.7 

Broc.k's ferry, 10 feet "fmm river, left bank, on root of white oak tree _____________________________________________________ _ 

Surlace of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Redmens Shoals, left bank, 10 feet from river on root of sycamore tree_ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Redmens Shoals, foot of, surface of water ______________________ _ 

Pea Creek, mouth of, surface of water __________________________ _ 

[No.115. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

809.20 

740 

741.82 

739 

754.38 

738 

751.35 

736 

752.94 

735 

755.10 

732 

746.41 

730 

752.90 

729 

742. 16 

727 

744.73 

726 

747.58 

725 

738.09 

723 

746.29 

721 

736. 13 

720 

741.78 

719 

728.69 

719 

730.49 

716 

728.58 

716 

714 

714 
HALL AND] HOYT. CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 69 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin-Continued. 

Distance I 

in mile13. ____ ! _________________________ _ 

22 

22 

23.4 

23.4 

24.5 

24.5 

25.1) 

2.5. 6 

28.1 

28.1 

29.6 

29.6 

30 

30.9 

31. 1 

31.4 

31.8 

31.8 

32.1 

33.4 

33.4 

35. 1 

35. 1 

36 

36 

37.5 

37.5 

38.6 

38.6 

39.2 

39.3 

40.1 

40. 1 

40.1 

40.7 

40. 7 

Rivertown Ferry, left bank, 10 feet from river, on root of syca- more tree _________ .. _ ... _ ........ -- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - -- - - - - -

Surface of water __________________ . ________________________ .. 

Pumpkintown Ferry, left bank, 15 feet from river, on large birch 

tree. ___________________________________________________ .. 

Surface of water ____ . _______________ . __________________ .... - . 

Bear Creek, mouth of, on root of poplar tree .. _ ... __ ._ .... _._ .. --

Surface of water ___ .. _______________ . _ ..... _ .... _. _ . ________ _ 

Left bank, 40 feet from river, on root of walnut tree._ .. _____ . _ ... 

Surface of water __ .. ____ . _ . _____ ... _ . __ . _ .. __ .. __ .... _ . _ .. _ . _ 

Defer's ferry, left bank, 15 feet from river, on large birch tree. ___ _ 

Surface of water_ . _______ .... _ . __ ....... _ .... _ ..... _ .... ____ _ 

Jones Ferry, left bank, 15 feet from river, on root of pine tree. ____ _ 

Surface of water _________ . ___ ..... _ .. _ . ______ . _ - - - - - - - -- - - . - -

Ballard Shoals, 10 feet from river, left bank, on root of willow tree._ 

Ballard Shoals, head of, surface of water. ___ . __ . __ .. ____ . ____ ... . 

Ballard Shoals, foot of, surface of water ........... __ . __ ._. __ ... . 

Madeira Shoals, head of, surface of water. ____________ . ______ .. __ 

Madeira Shoals, opposite, on right bank, on root of white oak, side 

of rock bluff .. _ . ___ . _ .. _ . __ . _ .. ___________________________ _ 

Madeira Shoals, surface of water .. __ . ________ ... _______________ _ 

Wolf Creek, mouth of, foot of Madeira Shoals, surface of water ____ _ 

Hutchinson's ferry, right bank, 20 feet from river, on root of maple tree .. _. ______ ..... ____ ... _. ____ . __ . _____________________ _ 

Surface of water ___ .. _________ . _ . ___ . ____ .. _ . _ . ___ . ________ . _ 

Long Island, upper end of, head of shoals, surface of water ______ .. 

Right bank, head of shoals, in root of pine tree .. _ ... __________ ._ 

Long Island, opposite lower end o1, foot of shoals, nail in root of 

water oak tree .. ___ . _. _ . ______ .... ______________ .... _ . _____ _ 

Surface of water ____ . ____ .. __ .. __ ... ________ . _ . ___ .... ______ _ 

Snake Creek, right bank, 10 feet from river, 100 yards above mouth, on root of willow tree ... _ .. __ . __ . _ .. _____ . _____________ . __ . _ 

Surface of water. ____ ... _____ .. __ . _ .... _ .. _ .... _ . __ . _ ... __ .. _ 

Moores Ferry, right bank, on root of large birch tree. ________ . __ .. 

Surface of water. _ . _ . ____ .. __ . ____ . _ .. ' .... __ . ___________ . ___ . 

Shoals, head of, surface of water. ________________ .......... ___ _ 

Shoals, foot of, surface of water .. _____ ...... ___ .. _. __ . ________ . 

Central, of Georgia, Railroad bridge over river, right bank, 40 feet 

above bridge, on root of willow tree .. _._ ..... _. ________ .. ___ _ 

Surface of water _____ . __ . _____ . ______ . _ .... _ ... _ ... _ . _ . _ . _ _ _ _ · 

Shoals, foot of, surface of water .... _____ ._ ...... _ ...... _ ... ___ _ 

Opposite right bank, nail on root of poplar tree .... _. ______ ... _._ 

Surface of water __________ ... _ . _______ .. ___ . ____________ . _ . _ . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

720.64 

714 

727.94 

712 

730.35 

712 

725.50 

710 

722.92 

709 

718.60 

706 

711.13 

705 

704 

704 

716.81 

702 

698 

709.12 

694 

692 

709.11 

703.37 

689 

696.72 

688 

702.85 

686 

685 

684 

692.12 

684 

683 

699.76 

682 
70 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No. 115. 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. I 

Elev~~:- in feet. 

41.4 

41.4 

41.7 

41.8 

42.6 

42.7 

43 

43.6 

43.9 

43.9 

44.9 

45.4 

45.4 

46.1 

46. 1 

49 

49 

50 

50 

50. 7 

50. 7 

50.9 

53.1 

53.1 

Reese's ferry, right bank, on root of ash tree __________ . _________ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Head of Shoals, surface of water_. ______ . _____________________ _ 

Foot of Shoals, surface of water ________ .. ____________________ _ 

Fridell Shoals, head of, surface of water _______________________ _ 

Fridell Shoals, foot of, surface of water. _______________________ _ 

Foot of bluff, right bank of river, nail in root of sweet gum tree. __ 

Hanson Shoals, head of, surface of water. _____________________ _ 

Houston Ferry, nail in root of catalpa tree. ___________________ _ 

Surface of water ___________________________________________ _ 

Mcintosh Reserve Shoals, head of, surface of water _____________ _ 

Mcintosh Reserve Shoals, foot of, right side of bank, nail in root of 

sweet gum tree ___________________________________________ _ 

Mcintosh Reserve Shoals, foot of, surface of water _______________ 1 

Culpepper, mouth of, on root of red oak tree_---- -- - - - -- - - -- -- - - -I 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Whooping Creek, mouth of, nail in root of birch tree ____________ _ 

Smface of water ___________________________________________ _ 

Brown's ferry, right bank, nail in root of walnut tree ____________ _ 

Surface of water ___________________________________________ _ 

Yellow Dirt Creek, right bank, nail in root of sweet gum tree ____ _ 

Surface of water ___________________________________________ _ 

Yellow Dirt Creek, mouth of, surface of water _________________ _ 

Hollingsworth Ferry, right bank, nail in root of water oak tree __ _ 

Surface of water ___________________________________________ _ 

55 Pink Creek, mouth of, surface of water. _______________________ _ 

55. 3 Right bank, on nail in root of sweet gum tree. _________________ _ 

55. 3 I Surface of water ___________________________________________ _ 

56. 3 Fish trap Shoals, head of, surface of water. _________ : ____________ _ 

56.9 

56.9 

57.5 

58.5 

58.5 

59 

59 

60 

60.2 

60.8 

61 

62 

Fish trap Shoals, right bank, opposite center of shoals, elm tree, nail in root of. _______________________________________________ _ 

Fishtrap Shoals, surface of water ____________________________ _ 

Fishtrap Shoals, foot of, surface of water _____________________ _ 

Bushhead Shoals, opposite upper island, nail in root of birch ___ _ 

Bushhead Shoals, head of, surfp,ce of water. ___________________ _ 

Bushhead Shoals, foot of, on side of bluff, nail in root of white oak_ 

Bushhead Shoals, foot of, surface of water _____________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ______________________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. _____________________________ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ___________________________ - __ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water _________ - ___ - ___ -- __ -- __ ---_---

Head of shoals, surface of water _________ - ___ - __ - - - __ -- __ - - - ___ -

693.86 

682 

682 

681 

680 

679 

684.36 

678 

684.02 

677 

676 

679.49 

668 

678.04 

667 

670.70 

664 

661.96 

662 

679.80 

662 

660 

673.31 

658 

658 

664.97 

658 

657 

670.26 

652 

648 

653.32 

645 

648.15 

638 

638 

"634 

634 

632 

632 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 

Elevations on Chattahoochee River from Chattahoochee to Franklin-Continued. 

71 

Distance 

in miles 

Elevation 

in feet. 

62.2 Foot of shoals, surface of water._______________________________ 628 

63. 8 Centralhatchee Creek, opposite mouth of, nail in root of birch_____ 633. 49 

63. 8 Surface of water_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 628 

64 Foot of shoals, surfaee of water._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 627 

64.5 Franklin, wagon bridge, surfaee of water._______________________ 626 

64. 7 Franklin, on rivet on top left iron pier of east approach of wagon bridge. __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 655 .. 11 

65 Franklin, in south side of court-house, bronze tablet marked "695 A" ______________ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 694. 7 42 

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER FROM WEST POINT TO COLUMBUS, GA. 

Chattahoochee River was surveyed from West Point to Colu1nbus, 

Ga., a distance of 37 miles, in which there is a fall of 361 feet. During the work 5 bench marks were established and 35 water-surface 

elevations obtained. The survey was plotted on the scale of 1: 22,500, 

and was accon1panied by a flying-level line based on a United States 

Geological Survey tablet at West Point, Ga. 

For 4 miles below West Point the river is sluggish. At Langdale, 

Ala., there is a wing dam with 9 feet head, operating a knitting mill. 

The dam is loosely built of light ~umber, connecting a number of 

s1nall islands, and a large amount of water goes to waste. 

Probably the best site for a pennanent structure at Langdale is 

about one-half 1nile below the present mill, where a head of 18 feet 

would back water to just below West Point. A dam as proposed 

above would not, except in time of flood, spread the backwater 

beyond the present banks of the river. 

Between Langdale and Riverview, where there is another knitting 

mill, there is a continuous network of sn1all islands. At Riverview 

there is a 9-foot wing dan1 sin1ilar to that at Langdale, but it furnishes even less water, as the eastern channel is broader. 

From Riverview to Colu1nbus the river is one continuous shoal, 

and the choice of sites for dam construction rests on n1inor details 

rather than a1nount of power. 

Some of the best sites are just below Houstons Ferry, 31 miles 

fron1 Riverview, where a 24-foot da1n would have good ledge-rock 

foundations for the 480 feet of river bed, while the ordinary red clay of 

the region appears on the banks. 

Three miles farther downstream, about 1 mile below Blantons 

Ferry, is another site, but a dan1 here would flood a good deal of 
72 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

bottom land. For 4 n1iles below here is one of the swiftest and 

roughest parts of the river. There is a good site at the end of the 

stretch, just below the Big Bull Slough, and another one-third of a 

mile above Bartlett's old ferry. The former eould probably be 

developed into a valuable plant, supplying power to West Point, 

Lanett, Han1ilton, Opelika, and a score of smaller towns, all less 

than 25 1niles fron1 this point. A dam probably could be built here 

with a head of 70 feet. The river bottom is ledge rock, with son1e 

bowlders, and the shores are of the same rock eovered with more 

or less soil. A dan1 70 feet high would back the water nearly to 

Mountain Oak Creek. Many of the islands in the river would be 

flooded.· Son1e of them are large and cultivated to son1e extent. 

There would also be son1e flooding of bottmn lands on both sides of 

the river, but no lands of pronouneed value would be destroyed. 

About 5! n1iles farther downstreatn, at what is known locally as 

Goats Rock, a dan1 very similar to the above eould be construeted. 

The shore lines are very precipitous and ledge roek outerops on both 

banks. A head of 70 feet would utilize all the available power 

between this point and the proposed dan1 5! tniles above. 

Seven and one-half n1iles below is the beginning of what is known 

as the old Clapp factory falls. This is one of the best rapids on 

the river. Unfortunately, the river is exeeptionally wide and the 

construction of a dan1 would be expensive. The old mill derived 

its power by n1eans of a wing dam which has not been used up1Vard 

of fifteen years. A dam here, backing the water up to Goat Rock, 

and a canal carrying it to the foot of the falls, will give a total head 

of about 77 feet. The river bottom is ledge rock, and the shores are 

the same covered with several feet of soil. 

One and one-fourth tniles below the old Clapp factory is the dan1 

of the Cohnnbus Power Con1pany. This dam has a head of 32 feet, 

developed by a stone eonerete dam, below which the tailrace has 

been deep~ned and separated from the river by a stone wall. Part 

of the power is utilized by the large cotton mill of the company, 

situated on the east bank of the river. The balance is distributed 

about the city of Cohnnbus. 

One and one-fourth 1niles farther down the stream is what is called 

the city mill dan1, with 9! feet head. It is a wooden strueture and 

needs constant attention, furnishing power to the eity of Colun1bus 

and to a gristmill. Three-fourths of a n1ile below is a stone dan1 

kept in good repair and owned by the Eagle and Phoenix Cmnpany, 

one of the largest eotton manufaeturing con1panies in the South. 

Just below this dan1 is the head of navigation for steamboats. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon a bronze tablet 

in west abutn1ent of Altanta and West Point Railroad bridge o~er 

Chattaho9chee River at West Point. The elevation of this, as 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER. 73 

determined by a net of primary levels, extended from Rome, Ga., a 

point on the precise-level net, is 573.193 feet above 1nean sea level, 

in accord with the 1903 corrected elevation of that place. 

The leveling was done under the dire.3tion of I. T. Fitch, field 

assistant, by W. H. Sallee, levelman. 

~--~~--~----~----~----~-----L----~----~----~--~750 0 Miles 5 11\ ''(\ q-; "" ~"i 40 45 50 

FIG. 12.-Profile of Chattahoochee River from West Point to Columbus, Ga. 

Elevat·ions on Ohattahooc"hee River from West Po·int to Columbus, Ga. (single spur line) 

Distance 

in miles. 

0.0 

.0 

• \ Elevation 

in feet. 

West Point, in west abutment of Atlanta and West Point Railroad i 

.bridge over Chattahoochee River, bl'onze tablet marked" 573 A". _ 573. 193 

Highway bridge, surface of water. ____ ... ___ ... ___ .. ______ .. _ .. _.. 551 

. 0 Tidewater elevation corresponding to zero of local hydrographic sta- tion. __ .... ____ ... _________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 549 

. 0 West Point, opposite, in Alabama, United States engineers' bench 

mark, 1,000 feet north of highway bridge, 100 feet east of road intersection, west bank of river, 75 feet from water, iron monument sunk 

in ground. __ .. ______ . _______ .... _____ . _ . __ .. ____ .. ____ ... _ _ _ 564. 28 

3. 1 Long Cane Creek, surface of water. ____ . ___________ . _. __ ... ____ .. _ 549 

6 Langdale, Ala., 90 feet south of Moores Creek, in factory lawn between 

factory and track, top of hydrant. _______ ... ___ ..... __ ...... _ . _ 548. ~4 

6 Langdale, mill pond at, surface of water ... _____ . _____ .. ______ .. _ _ _ 542. 1 

6 Langdale, below dam, surface of water .. ____ ... __ ...... _. . . . . . . . . . 533 

8. 6 Riverview, mill pond, surface of water .. .' ...... _......... . . . . . . . . . 532 

8. 6 Riverview, below mill pond, surface of water ... _......... . . . . . . . . . 522 

8. 6 Riverview, opposite, in Alabama, northwest corner of cotton mill, 35 

feet southwest of, 50 feet south of dam, top of double-orifice hydrant. 534. 94 
74 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

Elevations on Chattahoochee Rit,er from West Point to Columbus, Ga. (single spur 

line )-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

12 I Houstons Ferry, surface of water ________________ . __________ . _ .. _ _ 497 

14. 4 Blantons Ferry, west side of river, 200 feet from edge of water, 25 feet 

east of poplar tree, wago..1 road, top of knob, south side of blazed 

tree. ________________________________________ . ___ . _ . _ . _ ..... _ 508. 7 4 

16. 6 Dixons Ferry, surface of water.__________________________________ 483 

20. 3 Bartletts old ferry, 50 feet northwest of west bank of river, top of 

ledge, rock 18 feet from water ________________________ ........ _ 404.78 

23. 7 Mulberry Creek, Georgia, surfaee of water ... _ .. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 

34. 7 Columbus Power Company, mill pond, surface of water __________ .__ 260 

34.7 Columbus Power Company, below pond, surface of water. __ ._._..... 240 

35. 9 Columbus, mill pond of city milldam, surface of water _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 

36.1 

36. 1 

37 

37 

Columbus, below mill pond of city milldam, surface of water . . . . . . . . 216 

Columbus, above Eagle and Phoenix Company dam, surface of water __ _ 

Columbus, below Eagle and Phoenix Company dam, surface of water __ _ 

Columbus, beneath highway covered bridge, surface of water ... :_. __ 

I 

Girard, Ala., Broad and Sixth streets, southeast corner of interseetion, 

bueket and windlass w~ll, 45 feet east of, top of stone guard post at 

W m. C. Bill's saloon. ___________________________ .. __ .. _ ..... __ 

SOQUE RIVER BELOW CLARKSVILLE, GA. 

216 

200 

190 

255. 14 

Soque River was surveyed from its mouth, near View, Ga., to 

Clarksville, Ga., a distance of 8 1niles. The levels were based on 

a line carried up Chattahoochee River from Gainesville, Ga., and the 

field sheets were platted on the scale of 1:22,500. 

The first power is 5:\- n1iles above its mouth and 1 1nile below fr01n 

Bert. Here there is an undeveloped fall of 6 feet in about 50 yards. 

The south bank is hard rock; the north bank is not very high, but 

seen1s to be solid rock. The best site for a dam is probably at the 

lower end of the falls. A dan1 here would be about 380 feet long 

and not over 7 feet high, or the water would back up over the lower 

end of 1110re valuable shoals above. 

At Bert, Ga., are the Porter Shoals, which have a drop of 48 feetfar the best waterfall on the river. A s1nall wing dan1 develops 

power to operate Porter's woolen and cotton factory, 4 n1iles from 

Demorest, Ga., the nearest railroad point. 

About 500 feet upstrean1 is Porter's upper shoal, at which there 

is a 15-foot fall partly developed by a s1nall dam, and which supplies power for factory No. 2 9f the sa1ne con1pany. A n1uch greater 

head would be obtained here by increasing the size of the dam. 

One and one-half 1niles above Bert is a splendid water-power site, 

known as the Old Factory Shoals, where there is a fall of 23 feet in 

a distance of 600 feet. There was a dam here at one time, but all 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. SOQUE RIVER. 75 

signs of it have vanished. The river is about 350 feet wide and 

flows in several channels between small islands. Good sandstone 

outcrops on both banks. 

Just above this point the river bottoms widen and the farming 

lands are better between here and Clarksville, the end of the survey, 

than any point on the river. 

The elevations in the fo1lowing list are based upon an alutninum 

tablet at the north side of east entrance to the court-house at Clarksville, 1narked "1372 Atlanta," the elevation of which is accepted as 

1,371.991 feet above 1nean sea level, in accord with the 1903 adjustment of the precise-level net. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 

field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 

r------r------.1,500 

~~---~----~1,000 

0 Miles 5 10 

FIG. 13.-Profile of Soque River below Clarksville, Ga 

Elevations on Sogue River from near Tr iew to Clarksville, Ga. 

Distance Elevation 

in mtles. in feet. 

0. 0 Soque River, south bank of mouth of, at junction of Soque and Chattahoochee rivers, birch tree, nail in root of ___________________ - 1, 147. 82 

. 0 Surface of water_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 137 

1. 6 McAllisters Bridge, near north end of, nail in root of white oak .... - 1, 156.30 
76 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

Elevations on Soque River from near View to Olarke8Ville, Ga.-Continued. 

Distance Elevation 

in miles. in feet. 

1. 6 Surface of water ______________ . ___ ............. _ .. _ . .. .. .. .. . 1, 142 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. ___ ._ ............... _ ........ _. 1, 142 

Head of shoals, surfaee of water._ ..... _._ .. _._. __ ..... .. .. .. .. . 1, 149 

4 Newbridge, hickory tree on north bank, nail in root .. __ .. _. __ ._._. 1, 171. 71 

Surface of water ........... _ .. _ ........ _ ...... _ ........ _ . _ .. _ 1, 152 

4. 1 Foot of shoals, surfaee of water. ___ ............. _..... .. .. .. . . . 1, 153 

4.7 

5.6 

5. 7 

6. 1 

6. 1 

5.9 

6.1 

6.2 

6.3 

7.3 

7.3 

7.3 

8.8 

8.8 

Head of shoals, surfaee of water. __ ......... _ ............... _... 1, 156 

Foot of shoals, surface of water._ ........................ _..... 1, 156 

Head of shoals, surface of water................................ 1, 162 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. __ ............................. 1, 166 

Head of shoals, surface of water .... _ ... _ .... _ ........... _. _ .... · 1, 181 

Porter's mills, foot of Porter Shoals, surface of water .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 189 

.Bert, head of Port.er Shoals, surface of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 237 

Bert, Porter Shoals, opposite head of shoals, water oak, nail in root 

of .. _______________________ . _ . _ . _ .. _ .......... _ ..... __ . . . . 1, 189. 07 

Bert, near north end of wagon bridge, red oak tree, nail in root of.... 1, 246. 13 

Bert, foot of upper shoals, surface of water .. _ ...... ____ ..... _. . . . 1, 238 

· Head of upper shoals, surface of water. __ ........... _ ..... _ .. _.. 1, 253 

Bert, Ga., 2~ yards above factory, near river, on root of water oak . 1, 262.75 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .... _ ....... _._ ... _. __ ........ _. 1, 261 

Left bank of river, nail on root of sycamore tree. _ .. _ .......... _ . 1, 287. 37 

Surfaee of water, head of shoals ...... _ ....... _. __ ._............ 1, 284 

Clarksville, Habersham County eourt-house, on north side of east 

entrance, aluminum tablet marked (' 1372 Atlanta"----------- ·I 1, 371. 991 

Surface of water __ ...... _ ..... _ ....... _ ..................... -11, 289 

CHESTATEE RIVER BELOW WILLOW, GA. 

Chestatee River was surveyed fron1 Willow, Ga., to its n1outh, near 

Chestatee, a distance of 47.7 1niles. 

A line of secondary levels was run, based on a primary bench 

mark of the United States Geological Survey, 2 n1iles north of Willow. 

The field sheets were platted on the scale of 1:22,500. During the 

course of the survey 40 bench marks were established and 98 watersurface elevations obtained. 

For the first 8 miles the river traverses a very wild and broken 

country, and is only about 50 feet wide. There is not enough water 

to produce any considerable amount of power, although there is a fall 

of 124 feet .. 

At Gannett Bridge there is an old 3-foot dam which was used to 

furnish power for a gold-stamping mill, the machinery of which is now 
0 

:X: 

111 

en 

-1 

l> 

-1 

111 

111 

::0 

< 

111 

::0 

OJ 

111 

.-

0 

~ 

~ 

.-

.-

0 

~ 

G) 

?> 

01 

0 

l 

00 

0 

..... 

0 

0 

..... 

0 

01 

..... 

..... 

001 

0 

0 

Eau Claire ~ 

"-. 

I 

\City of Chippewa 

\ 

\ 

I 

\ Brunne Falls 

'-,Holcombe 

..... 

0 

0 

0 

Flambeau 

Feet above mean sea level 

IRR 115-Q,)-6 

..... 

l.:l 

01 

0 

~ ;;I 

% 

~ , 

!( 

~ ::0 

z 

p 

"' 

, 

r 

< 

• 
HALL AND] HOYT. CHEST.ATEE RIVER. 77 

ruined from disuse. This is about the north boundary of the Dahlonega gold field now under vigorous development. 

One mile downstream is an unnamed shoal, with a fall of 30 feet in 

0.6 of a 1nile. The river runs between very steep banks of hard, 

unseamed rocks, and a 200-foot dam could be constructed here, abundant material being easily accessible. 

Just below Grinnells Ford is a splendid site, where the river suddenly drops 47 feet in about 150 yards and passes through a narrow 

gorge. The river bed is of broken rock, and a dam at this point 

would be about 200 feet long. 

About 2 miles farther down is a drop of 11 feet in 100 yards. The 

river runs through a narrow gorge, but just above the valley widens 

enough to make a good storage basin. A dam would be about 225 feet 

long and could be built to almost any desired height. A pyrites 

mine here employs 50 men. Four miles below the Crown Gold 

Mining Company is erecting a 40-foot dam, known as the Gorge dam, 

to run hydraulic pumps for two placer mines.. This dam will back 

up the water for 2! miles and will cover a number of small shoals. 

The river below here runs swiftly, but without important shoals for 

about 3! 1niles. It then enters the back water from Chestatee dam, 

which is 4 feet high, and supplies power for a gristmill, cotton gin, and 

hydraulic pump. 

Three miles farther down is a gold-stamping mill, the power for 

which is supplied by an 11-foot dam, which backs the water up as far 

as Iron Bridge just below the Chestatee dam. Six miles farther down 

is a 26-foot dam, built by the North Georgia Electric Company, at Newbridge, Ga., which supplies power for the traction system and lighting 

of the city of Gainesville, Ga., 15 miles away. A smaller dam, 4 feet 

high, just below the n1ain structure, furnishes power for a gristmill and 

cotton gin. 

Below N ewbridge, Ga., the river enters a more level country and 

runs with little fall to Bolden's bridge, 9 miles below, passing a 3-foot 

dam, which is used to operate a sn1all flouring mill, and a 6-foot dan1, 

wnich supplies power for a large gristmill. 

In the ren1aining 8 miles there are no shoals or opportunities for 

power developn1ent. The sand in the bed of the river contains a 

large amount of gold, and placer mining on a considerable scale is one 

of the occupations of the people throughout this whole region. 

Nearly all of the important shoals which are undeveloped are controlled by the mining interests in the neighborhood. The upper part 

of the survey was through fairly heavy timber, but the lower end of 

the work was through land all under high cultivation. The river 

passes 3 miles from Dahlonega, the county seat of Lumpkin County. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon a bronze tablet 

2.5 miles north of Willow, in rock on west side of river at fork of I 

I 
78 RIVER ~TJRVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. (NO. 115. 

road, Inarked "1529 Atlanta," the elevation of which is accepted as 

1,528.649 feet above mean sea level, in accord with the 1903 adjustment ot the precise-level net. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of F. A. Franck, 

field assistant, by Joseph Palmer, levelman. 

Elevations on Ohestatee River below Willow, Ga. 

Distance Elevation 

in miles. in feet. 

2. 5 Willow, 2.5 miles north of, on west side of river, at fork of road, in 

rock, bronze tablet marked "1529 Atlanta"_ . __ . __________ . _ _ _ 1, 528. 649 

. 0 Willow, near west end of bridge, walnut tree, nail in root of.______ 1, 461.37 

. 0 Surface of water_ . _ . _____ .. __ . ___ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 454 

. 25 ' Surface of water ___ . _____ . _______ . ___ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 449 

1 Foot of shoals, opposite, west side of river, nail ih root of maple tree._ 1, 447. 54 

1 Head of shoals, surface of water. ____ . ____ . _____________ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 446 

Foot of shoals, surface of water._ •.• _._._______________________ 1, 444 

1. 6 Head of shoals, surface of water ... _ •. __ . __________________ .. __ - 1, 443 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .•..... _________________________ 1,438 

2. 5 Head of shoals, surface of water._. __ . __________________ . ___ . __ . 1, 428 

2. 7 Foot of shoals, surface of water. ______________ . __ ._._. __ . __ .___ 1, 422 

3 Right bank and 10 feet from river, nail in root of red oak tree .•.•• 1, 437.94 

3 Surface of water _________ . _____________________ .. ______ ....•. 1, 416 

3. 7 Head of large shoals, surface of water. _______ ...........•...... _ 1, 415. 5 

3. 8 Foot of large shoals, surface of water. ____________ . _________ .___ 1, 406 

4 Shoals, opposite, right bank of river, nail in root of red oak.______ 1, 425. 41 

4 Surface of water ___ . ____________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 405 

4. 2 Foot of shoals, surface of water._______________________________ 1, 399 

4. 7 Sharp bend of river, right bank, nail in root of red oak. _________ ._ 1, 404. 53 

4. 7 Surface of water_ . _ . _ . _________ . ___ . _______ . _______________ . _ 1, 394 

4. 9 Crooked Shoal, head of, surface of water .. _______ . ___ -. ___________ 1, 390 

5. 2 Crooked Shoal, foot of, surface of water.________________________ 1, 386 

.5. 2 Head of shoals, surface of water.______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 384 

5. 4 Foot of shoals, surface of water. ___________ . _______________ ._._ 1, 378 

5. 4 Left bank of river, opposite shoals, large white oak, nail in foot of____ 1, 388. 79 

6 Head of shoals, surface of water._______________________________ 1, 377 

6. 4 Foot of shoals, surface of water ___ . ____ . __ . _____ . __________ . _ . _ 1, 353 

6. 4 Foot of shoals, left bank, 60 feet below, nail in root of hickory_ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 364. 25 

6. 9 Head of shoals, surface of water __ . __ . __ ... _ . ___ . ____ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 346 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ... ___ . ___ ... _._. __________ .____ 1, 328 

7. 3 Small creek, mouth of, opposite center of shoals, spruce pine, nail in root of. _________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 335. 59 

8 Old dam, top of, surface of water _________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 321 

Old dam, bottom of, surface of water.__________________________ 1, 317 

8. 2 Gannett Bridge, 10 feet below, on left bank river, nail in red 0ak. _ _ 11 318.3.5 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. 

Distance 

in miles. 

CHESTATEE RIVER. 

Elevations on Ohestatee River below Willow, Ga.-Continued. 

79 

Elevation 

in feet. 

8. 2 Surface of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 309 

8. 5 Old gold-stamping mill, foot of bridge at, surface of water. . . . . . . . . 1, 305 

8. 8 Head of shoals, surface of water....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 304 

Foot of shoals, surface of water............................... . 1, 296 

Foot of shoals, opposite, left bank river, nail in root of sweet gum 

9.4 

9.9 

10 

10.3 

10.7 

10. 7 

11. 1 

11.2 

11.2 

11.4 

11.6 

11.6 

11.7 

11.9 

12.6 

12.8 

13.5 

14 

14 

14.6 

14.9 

15.8 

15.9 

16.4 

17 

17 

17.6 

17.8 

20.2 

20.2 

20.4 

tree. ____ ....... _ ..... _ ............ __ .. _ .... _._ .. __ ._ .. _.. 1, 303. 10 

Head of shoals, surface of water .. __ ... _._._ .. _. __________ . __ ... 

Grinnells Ford, foot of shoals, surface of water ___________ ._ .. _._. 

Grinnells Ford, in root of large birch tree, near ford, nail in root of_. 

Head of shoals, surface of water. _ ... _ . , ____ . _ ...... _ . _______ -. -

Tesnatee River, mouth of, foot of shoals, surface of water. ______ ._ 

Tesnatee River, mouth of, in fork between rivers, on side of rock 

bluff, in white oak tree, naiL _______ ... ___ .. ____ .. __ .... _- . - -

Grinnell's lower ford, surface of water _______________ . _ . _ .. _ . _ - - -

Grinnell's lower ford, on rigllt bank 100 yards below ford, point of large rock, chisel mark. _ . ___ . __ . __ .. _____________ . ________ . _ 

Grinnell's lower ford, foot of shoals, surface of water .. __ . _ .. _ . _ .. 

Head of shoals, surface of water _______ .. __ . ___ . _ . ___________ ... 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ________ .. __________ . ____ .... _ .. 

Right bank of river, nail in root of hickory tree. _____ . _____ •..... 

Head of shoals, surface of water. _____________ . ________________ .. 

Foot of shoals, surface of water _________________ . _ .· _______ ..... 

Head of shoals, surface of water _______ . _____________ . _________ . 

1,293 

1,263 

1,265.45 

1,262 

1,215 

1, 231.37 

1,209 

1,218.11 

1,207 

1,206 

1,201 

1,214.34 

1,200 

1,189 

1,187 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. __________ . _________ . __ ._______ 1, 174 

Right bank river, pine tree, nail in root of. _____ . _______ . ______ .. 

Head of shoals, surface of water _________ . ______ . _ . _______ . ____ . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. __ . ________ ._ .. ________ . ___ ._._ 

White ~ak tree, nail in root of. _ . ______ . _____ . ___________ .... __ 

Surface of water. ______________ . _ . __ . __________ . _ . _ .... _____ _ 

Head of shoals, surface of water ... ______ . ________ ._._ .. _______ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. __ . ______ ._. _________ .. ______ ._ 

Gorge dam, above, head of shoals, surface of water. _____ ._ .. ____ . 

Gorge dam, 40 feet b~low, right bank of river, nail in hickory tree. __ 

Gorge dam, below dam, foot of shoals, surface of water ____ . _ . ___ _ 

Surface of water_ . _ . ____ . _ . __ . _ . ________ . _______ . _ . ___ . _ . ___ _ 

Bearden's bridge, top of stone pier on west approach, iron bolt. __ _ 

Surface of water. ______ . _ .... _______ . _ .. _ . _______ . ____ . __ . _ . __ 

Head of shoals, surface of water. ___ ._._ .. __ . ___ ._._._._ .. _____ _ 

Surface of water_ . _ .. _ . _ .. ___ ...... _____ .... _ .. _ . ____ .. __ . __ . 

Chestatee dam, top of, surface of water ___ .... _. ________ ._ .. _._. 

Chestatee dam, foot of, surface of water. __ ._ .. __________ . __ . ___ _ 

Iron Bridge, 60 feet below, beech tree, nail in root of. _______ . ___ _ 

1,183.54 

1,169 

1,163 

1,166.95 

1,160 

1,155 

1,150 

1,149 

1,159.21 

1,138 

1,133 

1,150.10 

1,130 

1,125 

1,122 

1,119 

1,115 

1, 121. 86 
80 RIVER SURVEYS .AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No.l15. 

Elevations on Ohestatee River below Willow, Ga.-Continued. 

Distance Elevation 

in miles. in feet. 

20.6 

22.8 

23.9 

23.9 

24.2 

25. 1 

25. 1 

26. 1 

26.2 

26.8 

27.9 

30 

30.2 

80.2 

31.3 

31.3 

32.5 

32.5 

33.4 

33.4 

33.5 

34. 7 

35. 7 

35.7 

35.8 

36. 7 

36.9 

38.5 

38.8 

39.6 

Iron Bridge, surface of water._ ... _____ ._._. __ .. _._. ___________ . 1, 109 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ________________ .. ___ . _____ . ___ . 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Gold-stamping mill, top of dam, surface of water. _______________ _ 

Foot of dam, surface of water _________________________________ _ 

Gold-stamping mill, persimmon tree near, nail in root of.. ______ ._ 

Branch, near mouth of, nail in root of red oak. _____________ . ___ _ 

Surface of water _________________ . __ . __________ . _ . -.. - .... -.. 

Foot of small shoals, surface of water. __________________ .. _____ _ 

Brierpatch Bridge, south side of east approach, iron bolt _____ . __ _ 

Surface of water __ .. _________ . _ .. _ . _ . ___ . ________ ........... . 

Head of shoal, surface of water ____ . _. _. __ . _ . __ . _____ . _ ..... __ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water._. __ . __ .. _ .. __ . __ .. __ ._._ ..... . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ............................... . 

Left bank of river, pine tree, nail in root of. .................... . 

Georgia Electric Company!s dam, top of, surface of water ........ . 

Foot of dam, surface of water ...••...•....•.•...........•.•..•. 

Newbridge (post-office), west side, top of central bridge pier, bolt .. 

1,106 

1,105 

1,104 

1,092 

1, 114.62 

1,106.49 

1,089 

1,084 

1,104. 71 

1,082 

1,079 

1,075 

1,070 

1,079.43 

1,070 

1,043 

1,060.43 

Newbridge, head of small dam, surface of water.................. 1, 043 

Small dam, foot of, surface of water ......•.............••.•.••. 

East bank, 50 feet from river, nail in root of large pine .......... . 

Surface of water ............... _ .. _ ......................... . 

Head of shoals, surface of water ... _ ... _ ....................... . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ..... _ ... __ . ___ ._ .............. _ 

Pine tree opposite shoals, nail in root of _____ . _______ ........... _ 

Yellow Creek, 50 yards below mouth of, nail in root of red oak .. _._ 

Surface of water ... __ . _ ........ ____ . _ .... _______ . ______ . ____ . 

Surface of water ... ____ . _ ... _ .. _ . __ . _ ..... _____ .. _ ..... _ ..... 

1,039 

1,062.63 

1,028 

1,027 

1,024 

1,049.28 

1,048.27 

1,022 

1,017 

Head of small shoals, surface of water ... _______ ... ______ ... ____ 1, 016 

Foot of small shoals, surface of water. ___ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 014 

Robinson's ford, 10 feet from river, nail in root of red oak tree .. __ ._ 

Robinson's ford, surface of water. ____ .. _ . ______ ...... ___ . _ . ___ _ 

Rock Bluff, left bank of river, nail in root of oak tree .. _ ...... ___ . 

Surface of water_ . _ .......... __ .. _ ... _______________________ _ 

Foot of shoals, surface of water. __________ . ___ . ____ .......... __ 

Flour mill, top of dam, surface of water. ___ ._._._. __________ . __ _ 

Dam, foot. of, surface of water ........ ____ ._. _____ ._ .. _._. _____ _ 

Surface of water .....•.. _ .... _ . ______________ .... _ . _________ _ 

Small creek, mouth of, surface of water. ___ .. _ ... __ ._. ______ .. _. 

East bank of river, 40 f~et from, nail in root of red oak._. __ ._ .... 

Bolden's bridge, 40 feet from east bank, stump near bridge, nail in 

root of •....•••..•••••••••...............•.....•..•..•.•••• 

1,025.30 

1,012 

1,020.21 

1,009 

1,005 

1,003 

1,000 

993 

986 

1,003.69 

999.56 
HA.LL AND] HOYT. CHESTATEE RIVER. 

Distance 

in miles. 

39.8 

39.8 

39.9 

40.8 

40.8 

40.9 

42.6 

42.6 

43.4 

44.6 

44.6 

45.6 

47.7 

Elevations on Ohestatee River below W·illow, Ga.-Continued. 

Bolden's bridge, west side of east approach, top of, iron bolt ..... . 

Surface of water .............. _ ............................. . 

Mill, top of dam, surface of water .... _._ ............. _ ........ . 

Mill, foot of dam, surface of water .............................. ·j 

Langleys Creek, east side, 40 feet below mouth, nail in root of red oak. 

Langleys Creek, mouth of, surface of water ..................... . 

Surface of water ............ __ ...................•........... 

East bank of river, nail in root of sycamore tree ................ . 

Surface of water .................. : ......................... . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

River, 200 feet from, in open field, nail in walnut tree ........... . 

Surface of water ........................•...........•........ 

Mouth of branch, near, 40 feet from east bank of river, nail in red 

oak tree •.........................•. ,. ..•.•••••••.••••.••••• 

Chestatee, Ga., near, at mouth of Chestatee River, near Keith's 

bridge, nail in root of walnut tree .•...•.•••••••••••••..•••... 

81 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,001. 28 

984 

983 

977 

989.34 

972 

970 

974.48 

964 

963 

975.87 

960 

981.76 

964.37 

HIWASSEE RIVER FROM HIWASSEE, GA., TO APALACHIA, N. C. 

Hiwassee River was surveyed from Hiwassee, Ga., to ApaJachia, N. C., a distance of 63 miles. In that distance there is a fall 

of 707 feet. A line of secondary levels based on the United States 

Geological Survey bench mark at Hiwassee, Ga., was run. The 

field sheets were plotted on the scale of 1:22,500. During the course 

of the survey 39 bench marks were established and 119 water-surface 

elevations obtained. 

There are no shoals of any consequence until just below Bell Creek, 

where there is one of 10 feet with good rock bottom and rock bluffs 

on the northeast side of the river. A dam could be constructed 

here with a length of about 200 feet. 

One mile belo~ Hayesville Bridge is a shoal with a fall of 18 feet 

in ll miles, but no suitable place for a dan1 was noted. 

One and one-half :tniles below, at Passmore Ford, is a shoal with a 

21-foot fall in 11 miles and with a fairly good site for the construction 

of a dan1. The bottom is rocky and there are rock bluffs on the 

south side of the river. The dam would be about 300 feet long. 

Four and one-half miles below is the 12-foot dam of the Cherokee 

Lumber Company. This is a splendid site. A 40-foot structure 

would not back the water over 1! miles and would not do any damage to cultivated lands. 

Three miles below, at Island Ford, is a shoal with a 17-foot fall in 
RIVER SURVEYS .AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No. 115. 

1 mile. This is an excellent dam site, as the bottom is rocky and 

there are hard-rock bluffs on either side. The dam would be 300 

feet long. Building material can be easily obtained. Five miles 

below, and about 1 mile above Murphy, is a shoal with a 25-foot 

fall in 1! miles. A dan1 about 600 feet long could be built here. 

One-third mile below Murphy, at the mouth of Valley River, 

is the head of a shoal 1! 1niles long with a fall of 25 feet. This is an 

excellent power site. The botton1 is rocky; both sides are of hard 

rock. The dam would be about 500 feet long. 

Seven and one-half miles below Murphy, at Shallow Ford, is a 

shoal with 14-foot fall in 1± n1iles. This offers an excellent site for 

a dam, as botton1 and banks are rocky. The dam would be about 

!::-:1\1:-:-::ll-es-6:'-:-0--<Jc':-r.:l--~c':-)0--4...J...:l _ __._40-----L35----=-'30------:!'--.) ---,2J__O ---,1"::-:i---,l,..__O __ a::L--_ ------'0 1•

000 

FIG. 14.-Profile of Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, N: C. 

550 feet long. 

20-foot fall in 

feet long. 

Three miles below Shallow Ford is a shoal with a 

1! miles. The dam here would be only about 400 

Two miles below is a 23-foot shoal 1! miles long, where the river 

runs between steep hills. The dam here would be 600 feet long. 

Excellent building material is at hand. · 

Fron1 Chambers Creek to lower Shallow Ford, 6! miles, the river 

has a fall of 15 feet per mile, and is aln1ost a continuous shoal. There 

are several excellent dam sites. Fron1 Shoal Creek to Cane Creek, 

2 n1iles, there is a shoal with a fall of 38 feet. This is a fine power 

site, with hard, rocky botton1 and sides. A dam at this point would 

be about 700 feet long. 
'HALt ANb] HOYT. ntW ASSEE RIVER. 83 

From Cane Creek down to the Tennessee State line (5 miles), the 

end of the survey, the river has a fall of 30 feet, with only a 7-foot 

shoal three-fourths of a mile between Kilpatrick Ferry and Taylor 

Ferry. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an aluminum 

tablet marked "1984 Atlanta" at the northeast comer of front 

vestibule of Towns County court-house, Hiwassee, Ga., the elevation of which is accepted as 1,983.634 feet above mean sea level. 

The leveling is adjusted with flying levels on N ottely River to 

accord with the 1903 adjusted elevation of primary bench mark 

at Blairsville and Hiwassee, Ga. Fron1 the mouth of N ottely River 

to Apalachia the leveling is a single spur line. 

The leveling was done in 1903, under the direction of Carroll Cald · 

well, field assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levelman. 

Distance 

in miles. 

Elevations on Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, N. 0. 

Elevation 

in :feet. 

0. 0 Hiwassee, Towns County, court-house, at northeast corner of front 

vestibule, aluminum tablet marked" Atlanta, 1,984" .... ~ ...... 1, 983.634 

. 3 Hiddon Bridge, 300 feet north of, edge of county road, white-oak 

tree, nail in west side of..................................... 1, 882. 30 

. 3 Hiddon Bridge, surface of water ................................ 1, 865 

. 3 High water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 882 

. 3 Bridge floor ................................................. 1, 881 

. 8 Town Branch, mouth of, surface of water.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 862 

1. 6 25 f~t north of bridge, 20 feet west of river, point on bluff rock... 1, 871. 36 

Bridge, surface of water ....... _............................... 1, 857 

B. F ...... _ ............... __ ...... _ ............. _ . _ ..... _ . . . 1, 87 4. 8 

High water ....... _ .......... _ ............................... -1,876 

1. 7 Hog Creek, mouth of, surface of water .. _ .. _.................... 1, 855 

1. 9 Small rapids, surface of water ............. _ .. _ .. _ ....... _..... 1, 854 

2. 2 Bell Creek, 900 feet north of, on east edge of river, triple maple tree, 

nail in side of ... __ ................ _ ............ ~ . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 854. 14 

2. 2 Bell Creek, mouth of, surface of water... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 853 

2. 3 Small falls, head of, surface of water .... _ ... _ .. _................ 1, 851 

2. 3 Small falls, foot of, surface of water .... _ .. _ .............. _._... 1, 847 

2. 8 Surface of water. _ .. _ ........ _ ... _ .. _ ...... _ .. __ .......... _ . . 1, 838 

3. 4 Sally Ford, mouth of, surface of water ... ___ ...... _ . _ . _ .. _. . . . . . 1, 836 

3. 6 Hog Creek, mouth of, surface of water .. __ .......... _........... 1, 833 

3. 7 Surface of water ......... _ ........ _ ................. _ .. _ . _ .. _ 1, 830 

3. 8 Gibson Creek, mouth of, surface of water .... _ .... __ ............. 1, 829 

4. 81 Long Bullet Creek, mouth of, surface of water ... _ .. _._ ....... _ .. 1, 825 

:: : ~:~~:~:~ ::~~ ~~- ~e-e~. ~~~-~~~~~ ~~ '. ~~~1- i-~ ~~~~ ~~. ~~~~ -s~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~: :· 20 
84 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO.ll5. 

Elevations on Hiwassee Hi·Per from Hiwassee, Ga., to .A.palachia, N. G.-Continued. 

I 

Distance 

in miles. 

4. 8 High water ................................................. . 

5. 2 Sneaking Creek, mouth of, surface of water ..................... . 

5. 5 Surface of water ............................................ . 

5. 6 ---Ford, 75 feet northwest of, 10 feet west of road, nail in redoak tree .... _ ... _ .. _ .... ___ ... _ .-.... _ . _ .................. . 

6.1 15 feet north of river, point on rock._ .. _ ... __ ... _ ............. . 

6. 2 Surface of water. __ .... __ . _ .... _ . _ . __ . _ . _ .... ___ .. __ ........ . 

6. 4 Stream, mouth of, surface of water._ .. ___ .. __ .... _ ............ . 

6. 4 Rough Ford, 15 feet north of river, rock bluff, point on rock ..... . 

6. 9 Surface of water ..... _ . _ .. _ .... _ . __ ........ _ . _____ .......... . 

7. 2 Shooting Creek, mouth of, surface of water: .. _ .... _ ............ . 

7. 9 Barnard Bridge, northeast abutment, point on top of._ .. _ ....... . 

Surface of water_ . _ ... _ ..................................... . 

Bridge floor .................................... -. -.. - . - -- -- -

High water ................................................. . 

8. 3 --- Ford, surface of water ................................ . 

8. 3 --Ford, 50 feet south of ford, 15 feet north of river,. nail in side 

of dogwood tree ••..•....•..••......•.....................•. 

8. 8 Surface of water •............................................ 

9 Head of island •.•.........•...........................•..... 

9. 2 Hyatts Mill Creek, mouth of, surface of water .................. . 

9. 4 Herbert Ford, on south edge of river at, nail in side of birch tree .. 

High water ..............................................•... 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,835 

1,820 

1,819 

1,830.62 

1,824.63 

1,811 

1,809 

1,816.84 

1,807 

1,804 

1,818.31 

1,797 

1,819.7 

1,814 

1,794 

1,807.89 

1,790 

1,789 

1,787 

1, 791.19 

1,799 

1,787 

Blair Creek, mouth of, surface of water......................... 1, 787 

10 

10 

10.8 

11.5 

11.8 

12.2 

12.6 

12.6 

12.8 

13.3 

13.6 

14 

. ~2 feet west of river, point on rock ............................ . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Town Creek, mouth of, surface of water ........................ . 

Tusquite Bridge, 250 feet west of, on edge of river, nail in root of 

birch tree ................................ ~ ............... . 

Bridge, surface of water ..................................... . 

High water ................................................. . 

Martin or Quail Creek, mouth of, surfa,ie of water .............. . 

Surface of water ........................................... . 

Tusquitee Creek, mouth of, l.SO feet northwest of, 10 feet west of 

river, nail in root of birch tree ............................. . 

Surface of water ........................................... . 

Rapids, surface of water ..... ~ .............................. . 

Below rapids, surface of water ............................... . 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water ........................... . 

Martin Ford, 125 feet south of, on west edge of river, a fish trap, 

nail in root of birch tree .................................. . 

Surface of water ........................................... . 

1,796.74 

1,782 

1,778 

1,778.90 

1,774 

1,794 

1,174 

1,773 

1,777.93 

1, 771 

1, 767 

1, 760 

1, 759 

1,757.74 

1,756 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. BIW ASSEE RIVER. 85 

Elevations on Hiwassee River from Hiwassee, Ga., to Apalachia, N. 0.--Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

14.8 

14.9 

16 

16.4 

17 

17.3 

17.5 

17.5 

17.7 

18.3 

18.8 

19.1 

19.4 

19.6 

20 

20 

20.5 

20.9 

21 

21.4 

21.5 

21.8 

22 

22 

22 

22 

22.2 

24 

24 

24. 1 

24.7 

25.2 

26.2 

27.6 

28 

28 

29.5 

29.9 

30.4 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Leatherwood Ford, 25 feet n6rthwest of, nairin walnut tree ...... . 

Surface of water ............................. _ .. _ ........... . 

Allbon Creek, mouth of, surface of water_ ..................... . 

Surface of water ............... _ .... _ .. _ . _ .. _ ............... . 

Fires Creek, mouth of, surface of water. ....................... . 

Mountain stream, mouth of, surface of water ................... . 

Passmore Ford, east side of river, in center of ford road, nail in root 

of gum tree ............................................... . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Cloud Fire Creek, mouth of, surface of water ................... . 

Surface t>f water ............................................ . 

Betty Creek, mouth of, surface of water ........................ . 

Head of island, surface of water .............................. . 

Sweetwater Creek, mouth of, surface of water ................... . 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water •............................ 

Shallow Ford, 15 feet east of river, nail in side of birch tree ••.•••• 

Surface of water .•.•.••••.•..............••......•.•.•...•.•. 

Surface of water .••••••..........................•...•...•.•. 

End of island, surface of water ..........................•...•. 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water ..•.......................•.•. 

Surface of water ...........................................•. 

Surface of water ........................................ · .••.. 

Backwater of Cherokee dam, 1,500 feet from, at small rapids;-sur· 0 face of water ............................................. . 

Top of Cherokee dam, surface of water ........................ . 

Foot of dam, surface of water ................................ . 

Cherokee dam, 25 feet southwest of, point of rock .............. . 

Surface of water. _ .......................................... -~ 

Canewater Ford, surface of water ............................. . 

Rocky Branch, mouth of, surface of water .... , .•.. -- ..... " ..... . 

North edge of river, nail in side of birch tree ................... . 

Small rapids, foot of, surface of water ......................... . 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water ..............•.............. 

Brasstown Creek, mouth of, surface of water ................... . 

Island Ford, 700 feet east of, south side of river, point on rock ... . 

Peachtree Creek, mouth of, surface of water .................... . 

Horseshoe Ford, surface of water ............................. . 

South side of ford, nail in side of beeeh tree .................... . 

20 feet north of river, north side of road, point on rock .......... . 

Scott Branch, mouth of, surface of water ....................... . 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water ..........••..•............•. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,742 

1,749.19 

1,741 

1,741 

1,722' 

1, 712 

1,708 

1,709.84 

1,707 

1,700 

1,690 

1,685 

1,679 

1,673 

1,668 

1,667.14 

1,663 

1,659 

1,649 

1,642 

1,632 

1,629 

1,624 

1,625 

1,614 

1,616.59 

1,609 

1,606 

1, 591.4 

1,594.79 

1,..590 

1,586 

1,576 

1,566.56 

1,550 

1,549 

1,553.06 

1,548.70 

1,539 

1.529 
RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFII,ES OF' 1903. [NO. 115. 

Elevations on Hiwassee River from Hiwasee, Ga., to Apalachia, N. G.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

31.3 

31.6 

31.8 

32. 1 

32. 1 

32.1 

32.1 

32.5 

32.5 

33.6 

34 

34.9 

35.3 

35.3 

35.3 

35.9 

36.5 

37 

37 

37 

38 

39 

40.5 

40.5 

41.2 

42 

42.5 

42.5 

42.9 

44. 1 

44.8 

44.8 

45 

46.2 

46.9 

48 

48.8 

48.8 

49.9 

50.4 

Martin Creek, mouth of, surface of water ... ___ ... _ ..... _ ....... . 

Twin beech tree, nail in root of. _ ...... __ .. __ .... _ ... _ ........ . 

Stream, mouth of, surface of water._ ... __ ..................... . 

Murphy, N.C., iron bridge, south abutment, point on rock ....... . 

Surface of water. __ .. __ . ___ .. __ .... ___ ... __ .. ___ ... __ ....... . 

Bridge floor .... _ .. __ . __________ . ___ . ____ . ______ . ____ .. __ ... . 

High water .. __ .. __ .. ____ .. ___ ... _ .......................... . 

Valley River, mouth of, west shore, 20 feet north of, in water, point on rock ... __ ... _ .. __ ..................................... . 

Surface of water ... _ .. _ ..................................... . 

Surface of water. __ .. _ ... _ .... _ ..... ___ .. __ .... _ ............ . 

Surface of water_ .. _ .. ___ .. __ ......... _ .............. "· ..... . 

Laurel Creek, mouth of, surface of water._ ............. -~ ...... . 

Johnson Ford, 8 feet south of river, nail in root of birch tree ..... . 

Surface of water .. _ ... _ ....... ___ ... ___ ... _ .... _ ............ . 

High water ... __ .. _ ... _ ..................................... . 

Hanging Dog Creek, mouth of, surface of water ................. . 

Surface of water ...... _ ..................................... . 

Nottely River, mouth of, surface of water ... __ ... _ ............. . 

On land projecting between the two rivers, birch tree, nail in root of. 

Nottely River, mouth of, south side of, willow tree, nail in root of. 

Small rapids, surface of water ............................ : . .. . 

Beach Creek, mouth of, surface of water .... __ ................. . 

Surface of water ........ _ ... _ .............. _ ................ . 

Shallow Ford, 40 feet southwest of ford, honey-bee tree, nail in 

root of ......... _ ...... _ .................................. . 

Surface of water ......... __ .......... _ .. ___ ... _ ............. . 

Grape Creek, mouth of, surface of water ....................... . 

Small shoals, head of, surface of water ......................... . 

Small shoals, surface of water, foot of. .. _ ......... _ ...... __ .... . 

Surface of water. _ ..... __ ............ ____ ....... ____ . _ . __ ... _ 

Persimmon Creek, mouth of, surface of water ................... . 

Foot of large shoals, point on rock __ .... _ ... _ .... _ ............ . 

Surface of water .. _ ... _ ...... _ .............................. . 

Head of small shoals, surface of water_ ..... ___ .. __ ... _ .... _ ... . 

Dennest Creek, mouth of, surface of water ..................... . 

Point on rock ....... _ .. __ ................................... . 

Shoals, surface. of water .... __ .................. _ ..... __ ...... . 

Robertson Ferry, 100 feet below, point on rock ................. . 

Surface of water ... _ .... _ ................................... . 

Shoals, surface of water .............................. __ ...... . 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water .................... " ........ . 

E1evation 

in feet. 

1,520 

1,518.12 

1,513 

1,518.30 

1,512 

1, 531. 9 

1,529 

1,506.85 

1,506 

1,499 

1,491 

1,474 

1, 471. 95 

1,469 

1,481 

1,462 

1,459 

1,455 

1,459.40 

1,456.93 

1,448 

1,438 

1,425 

1, 431. 59 

1,418 

1,416 

1,415 

1,410 

1,406 

1,391 

1,390.24 

1,381 

1,379 

1,365 

1, 363.58 

1,346 

.1, 344.23 

1,343 

1,340 

1,332 
H:ALL AND] HOYT. HIWASSEE AND NOTTELY RIVERS. 87 

Elevations on Hiwassee River from Hi'I.VaSsee, Ga., to Apalachia, N. C.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

Elevation 

in feet. 

----1--------------------------1----

50.6 

51.2 

51.2 

51.8 

52.5 

53 

53.9 

54.3 

54.3 

54.8 

55.2 

56.9 

57.9 

58.5 

58.5 

58.5 

58.6 

58.9 

59.7 

60.8 

61.1 

63 

64.2 

65 

65 

65.2 

65.2 

66.8 

66.8 

66.8 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Chambers Creek, mouth of, surface of water .................... . 

20 feet north of bank, point on rock ........................... . 

Opposite island, surface of water ............................. . 

Beaverdam Creek, mouth of, surface of water ................... . 

Opposite island, surface of water .............................. . 

Lared Creek, mouth of, surface of water ............ : .......... . 

Shoals, surface of water ...................................... . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ............................... . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Rapids, surface of water .................. ~ .................. . 

Anderson Creek, mouth of, surface of water .................... . 

Surface of water (15 feet above low water) ..................... . 

Shallow Ford, 40 feet south of, nail in root of gum .............. . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

High water ................................................. . 

Foot of small shoals, surface of water .......................... . 

Shoals Creek, mouth of, surface of water ....................... . 

Foot of small rapids, surface of water .......................... . 

Stream, south of, surface of water ............................. . 

Cane Creek, mouth of, surface of water. ....................... . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Camp Creek, mouth of, surface of water ........................ . 

Kilpatrick Ferry, 12 feet south of, willow tree .................. . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Taylor Ferry, 60feet northwest of, edge of bank, point on large rock .. 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Apalachia, N.C., Sular Creek, mouth of, 100 feet from post-office, 

5 feet feet north of bank of river, triple willow tree ............ . 

Surface of water ........................................... . 

High water ................................................. . 

NOTTELY RIVER BELOW BLAIRSVILLE, GA. 

1,329 

1,324 

1,327.94 

1,318 

1,304 

1,296 

1,290 

1,285 

1,277 

1,269 

1,259 

1,248 

1,240 

1,239.67 

1,234 

1,241 

1,227 

1,227 

1,218 

1,198 

1,195 

1,178 

1,175 

1,175.14 

1,172 

1,169.58 

1,166 

1,161.58 

1,158 

1,168 

Nottely River was surveyed fron1 its mouth, 3! miles below Murphy, N.C., to Blairsville Bridge, near Blairsville, Ga., a distance of 

38 miles. In that distance there is a fall of 314 feet. A line of 

secondary levels was run, based on a primary bench mark of the 

United States Geological Survey at Hiwassee, Ga., and the field 

sheets were plotted on a scale of 1:22,500. During the course of the 
88 RIV~~R SURVEYS .AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

survey 30 bench n1arks were established and 88 water-surface elevations obtained. 

One mile above the n1outh of the river is a 24-foot shoal 1 mile 

long, where there is an excellent solid rock dan1 site. At this place 

a dam would be 200 feet long. Three and one-fourth miles farther 

up, at Hall Ford, there is a shoal with a fall of 33 feet in 1! 1niles, 

with good bottom and good sides. A da1n would be about 350 feet 

long. 

Jot 

~ 

~ 

Q;) 

Q;) 

rn 

rn 

d3 

~ 

~ 

~ 

i 

~ 

0 

~ 

~/ 

Miles 35 

2,000 

~ 

"'" 

~ ~· ~= 

s ~~ '"'. .e ,0~ 

"0 >.:;::: 

=~ "0 ..... 

..... ~~ Jot ~ ..<::·~ 

0 Jot ~.!!! ~ r;.. Jot ·~~ 

:0 

~ 

Jot 

~ ~~ ~ ~ v v > ~ ~ 0::: 0 v ~lw ~ 

"0 

~ ~ 

Jot 

0 

r;.. I 

~ 

~ ~I<( y- o:-

~~ o•o I:jw 1-c:l 

0::: 

0 

z 

30 25 20 15 10 

FIG. 15.-Profile of Nottely River below Blairsville, Ga. 

5 

1,250 

0 

For 9 miles above this point the bottoms widen and are cultivated on either side for n1ost of the distance. The fall in this section is a little over 3 feet per n1ile. 

One 1nile below Laudermilk Ford there is a shoal with a fall of 

10 feet in three-fourths of a n1ile where a da1n, with a length of 200 

feet, could be built. 

At Thon1pson Bridge, at the foot of a 46-foot shoal, 3 miles long, 

is an excellent dan1 site. Fron1 W eazel Creek to Morgan Ford, 51-

miles, the river has a fall of 40 feet, and there ·are two or three suitable sites for small dams. At Watkins Bridge there is a 4-foot dam 

using all. the available power to operate a gristmill. 
HALL ANDl 

HOYT. ...J NOTTELY RIVER. 89 

From here to Blairsville Bridge, the end of the survey, the river 

is very much smaller, with a few sn1all shoals, which, however, do 

not seem worth developing. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon a bronze tablet -

Inarked " 1892 Atlanta" in the foundation wall at northwest corner 

of Union County court-house, Blairsville; Ga., the elevation of which 

is accepted as 1,891.536 feet above mean sea level. The leveling is 

adjusted with the Hiwassee River flying levels to accord with the 

1903 adjusted elevation of primary bench n1arks at Blairsville and 

Hiwassee. 

The leveling was done, under the direction of Carroll Caldwell, 

field assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levelman. 

Distance I 

in miles. 

Elevations on Nottely River from its mouth to Blairsville, Ga. 

0. 0 Junction of Nottely and Hiwassee rivers, on point of peninsular, 

Elevation 

in feet. 

nail in side of birch tree .. _____________ . _____ ........... _.... 1, 459. 40 

. 0 Surface of water __ . _ ...... _. _ .... ________ . _. _ .. ____ . ____ ... _ _ 1, 454. 52 

. 3 At lower ford, surface of water. __________________ ...... __ ..... . 

. 3 Seventy-five feet north of lower ford, nail in root of hickory tree._ . 

1 High-water mark. _____ . _____________________ . _______________ _ 

1 Upper ford, 50 feet south of, nail in root of oak tree. ______ . __ . __ _ 

1 

1. 3 

1.5 

1.5 

1.8 

1.8 

2 

2.3 

2.4 

2.6 

2.9 

2.9 

2.9 

4.2 

4.2 

4.9 

5.2 

5.4 

5.5 

5.5 

5.5 

Surface of water ... ______________ .. ____ .. ___ . _____ . _________ _ 

Surface of water_ . __ . __ . __ _ 

Surface of water_ . ________ . __ .. _ . ______ .. _ _ ____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 

Surface of water ____ . _ . __ . _________ . ___ . ___ . _ . ________ .. __ . 

Deep Ford, 25 feet north of, nail in root of black oak. ______ . __ ... 

Surface of water_ ... _____ ...... __ . _____ .. ______ . _____ .. _ . _ . _ 

Surface of water ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ___ . ________ . __________ . __ . ___ _ 

High water._ ... _._ .. __ . ____ . ___ . _____ .... _ ........... _ .... . 

Head of shoals, surface of water. ___ . ___________________ . ___ . __ 

Surface of water, rain during night raised 1.3 feet (lower water 

surface, 1,492.67 feet) _________ .. ________ . __ ... __ .... _____ . 

Hall Bridge, 20 feet west of, nail in side of apple tree. __________ _ 

Surface of water_ . _______________ . ________ . _ .. _ .... _ . ___ .. __ 

High water. __ ._._. ____ . __ : ________________________________ _ 

Davis Ford, 20 feet northwest of, nail in side of maple tree. _____ . _ 

Surface of water ___________________________________________ _ 

Surface of water, on rock. ___________________ . __ . ________ . ___ _ 

Mouth of Coombs Creek, surface of water .... _. ___ . ___ . __ . _. ___ . 

Surface of water __ ... ___ . ___ ..... _____ . _ .. __ . ___ . _ .. ____ .. __ 

Hall Ford, north edge of river, nail in side of water birch tree .. __ _ 

Surface of water. ___ ....... ____ ..... ___ .. _______ . ___ . ___ . __ . 

High water. ____ ._. __ ... _. _______ .. _ ... __ .... _. _ . ________ .. _ 

1,459 

1,466.77 

1,471 

1,474.59 

1,467 

1,477 

1,472 

1,478 

1,487.56 

1,483 

1.489 

1,499 

1,491 

1,493 

1,500.20 

1,493 

1', 503 . 

1,504.43 

1,499 

1,502 

1,505 

1,505 

1,513.02 

1,505 

1,521 
90 

Distance 

in miles. 

5.9 

6 

6.6 

6.9 

7 

7.1 

7.5 

8.6 

8.6 

8.9 

8.9 

9.6 

10.5 

10.9 

11. 5 

11.5 

11.7 

12 

12 

12 

12.2 

12.9 

13.3 

13.3 

13.3 

14.2 

15. 1 

15.4 

15.6 

16 

16.8 

16.8 

16.8 

17.2 

17.7 

17.8 

17.8 

RIVER SlfR.VEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

Elevations on Nottely River from its mouth to Bl.airsville, Ga.-Continued. 

Mouth of branch, surface of water ............................. . 

Surface of water ............................ _ ............... . 

Surface of water ........................... : ................ . 

Opposite island, surface of water .............................. . 

Mouth of Rocky Branch, surface of water ...................... . 

Near old mill, surface of water ................................ . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Nottely Bridge, 1,8(X) feet north of, in old field near barn, nail in 

side of persimmon tree ..................................... . 

Mouth of branch, surface of water ............................. . 

Nottely Bridge, 100 feet west of, 5 feet south of road, nail in side of 

black oak tree ............................................ . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Mouth of Johnson Branch, surface of water ..................... . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Jack Creek, 900 feet south of, in bend of river, 600 feet west and 

600 feet north of, in cornfield, nail in root of dead peach tree ... . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Anderson Bridge, 50 feet west of, nail in side of sycamore tree .... . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

High water ................................................. . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Mouth of branch, surface of water ............................. . 

Ford (has no name), 20 feet northeast of, nail in side .of birch stump .. 

Surface of water ............................................. · 

High water ................................................. . 

Surface of water ................. _ .......................... ~ 

Surface of water ............... ~ ............................ . 

Laudermilk Ford, 1.4 miles below, opposite old fish dam. 50 feet west 

of river, near small branch, nail in root of black oak tree ....... . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Surface of water ............................................ . 

Laudermilk Ford, 100 feet southwest of, 20 feet north of road, nail 

in root of apple tree .................................. _ ..... . 

Surface of water ..................................... ~ .... ~ .. 

High water ................................................. . 

Mouth of Butler Creek, surface of water .............. · .......... . 

Below fish dam, surface of water .............................. . 

Mouth of Moccasin Creek, surface of water ... _____ . __ ._ .... __ ._ .. 

Moccasin Creek, 200 feet south of, 35 feet east of river, east side ot 

road, nail in root of red oak tree .... _ .......... _ ............. . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1, 512 

1, 520 

1, 526 

1,534 

1,535 

1, 538 

1,542 

1,559.54 

1,544 

1,560.13 

1,544 

1,547 

1,548 

1, 551 

1, 571.83 

1,554 

1,555 

1,565. 78 

1, 556 

1,575 

1,560 

1, 561 

1,574.02 

1,562 

1, 577 

1,565 

1,568 

1,586.77 

1,573 

1, 580 

1,598.19 

1,583 

1, 599 

1,585 

1,587 

1,588 

1,602.87 

92 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF HJ03. [No.l15. 

Elevations on Nottdy Ri1•er frorn ·its mouth to Bla·irsPille, Ga.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

27.9 

28.4 

28.4 

29 

29 

29. 1 

29.4 

30 

30.3 

30.3 

30.8 

31. 1 

31.4 

31.4 

31. 5 

Above shoals, surfaee of water.-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -I 

~::r::: ~o:!te~- fe-et north of: rcrl~ak t~e:: :: :::: :: :: :: :: :: ::: 

Mouth of You~g Cane Creek, surface of water.-------------------~ 

Mvuth of Castile Creek, surface of water. _____________ ._ ......... ! 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,698 

L 714 

1,702 

1,699 

1,709 

Castile Creek, 1,600feet above, on roek, edge of river, point on rock .. 1, 714.20 

Above rapids, surface of water. _______ . _____________________ .. _ 1, 715 

Above fish dam, surface of water. _______________ ._.... . . . . . . . . . 1, 718 

McBee Ford, 60 feet north of, nail in side of red oak. _______ .. _ ... j 1, 734. 37 

Surfac.e of water _______________________ .. _ .. _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 721 

Above branch, surfac.e of water. ____ .. ____________________ ..... 1, 7~::1 

Mouth of Reece Creek, surface of water. ____________ ... _.________ 1, 724 

Youngs Ford, 80 feet southwest of, red-oak tree ______________ ... 1, 741.02 

Surface of water. _______________________ .. _._ .. __ .____________ 1, 727 

Millburn Creek, just below, surface of water _______________ . __ ... 1, 730 

31. 9 At canal, surfaee of water at foot of_ __________ .. __ ....... ______ 1, 732 

31.9 Head of canal, surface of water. __ ... _. __ . ____ .. _____ ._________ 1, 735 

31.9 Canal cut, 50 feet northeast of river, 15 feet southwest of ford, nail 

in root of red-oak tree (cut has a drop of 3.6 feet). ____________ . 1, 741.26 

32.2 Above small rapids, surface of water. _____ -.- ___ . __ .. __ .. _._._... 1, 739 

33 Mouth of creek, surface of water ............. __ ......... _ .. __ .. 1, 743 

33. 6 Watkins Bridge, 375 feet above, north edge of river, point on rock ... 1, 747.54 

33. 6 Surface of water._._ .. _ ........... _._ .. _ .... __ ............ __ . 1, 747 

33. 6 I Jarrett milldam, foot of, surface of water .. __ .. _. __ .............. 1, 748 

33.61 Jarrett milldam, head of, surface of water (Jarrett milldam has a drop of 3.79 feet) ... ___ ._ ...... __ ._._ ....... ___ ._. __ ... _ .. _ 1, 752 

34.5 Reeds Ford, 150 feet east of, nail in root of walnut tree .... _._ .. _. 1, 766.24 

34. 5 Surfac.e of water_._ ......................... _ .... _ .... _...... 1, 755 

35 Above small rapids, sudace of water ......... ___ ..... ___ ._ .. _ ... 1, 760 

35. 91 Blairsville Bridge, 100_fe_et s_outheast of, I.nouth of Butternut Creek, 

15 feet north of, nail m side of red-oak tree .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 77 5. 94 

35. 91 Surface of water .... _._ .................... _................. 1, 769 

35. 9 , High water. _____ ....... _ .. _ . ________ . _____ . ___ . ______ . . . . . . . 1, 783 

37.21 Blairsville court-house, Union County, Ga., in wall on west side of 

building, bronze tablet ... _~. ___ ._ ... __ . ___ ,- _____ ............ 1, 891. 536 

TOCCOA RIVER BELOW DIAL, GA. 

Toccoa River was surveyed from Butts Bridge, 3 miles east of Dial, 

Ga., to the Tennessee State line, near McCays, Tenn. In the 36 miles 

surveyed there is a fall of 414 feet. A line of secondary levels was run, 

based on the prin1ary bench 1nark of the United States Geological 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. TOCCO A RIVER. 93 

Survey, three-fourths of a mile northeast of Butts Bridge. The field 

sheets were plotted on the scale of 1:22,500, and during the course of 

this survey 27 bench marks were established and 94 water-surface 

elevations were obtained. 

Toccoa River flows in a northwesterly direction, and after crossing 

the Tennessee State line is known as Ocoee River. Between Pigeon 

Creek and Dial Bridge there is a shoal, with a fall of 21 feet in 1! miles. 

There are good foundations for a dan1 250 feet long. 

From upper Big Creek to Shallow Ford, 3 miles, there is a fall of 55 

feet in an almost continuous shoal. There are several available power 

sites, and building material is easily accessible. From Shallow Ford 

\ 

~ 

<:D 

<:D 

~ !'-< 

<:D u 

~~ v u ....... 

~ +> ~ 

<:D v <:D 

~ 

0 

~ .~ 

>:i <:D }/ <:D 

>=: ~ 

<:D u [""' !'-< 

u 

>-. 

00 ce 

~ 

00 

..--~ 

v--

;::-- ~ 

~-

Mtles 35 30 lD - 10 

C!) ~,000 

00 

'0 

·~ 

~ ~ ~ Qj 

Qj ~~ +> ~ 

0 ~- ~ 

v 

/ 

-

1,750~ ~ 

d 

<:D 

00 

§ 

Qj 

s 

+> <:D 

1,500~ 

l,~fiO 

0 

FIG. 16.-Profile of Toccoa River helow Dial, Ga. 

to Wilscot Creek, 7! miles, the river has an average fall of 18 feet per 

rnile. There are several excellent sites where there is hard rock on 

either side. 

From Wilscot Creek to Charlie Creek there is an average fall of 14 

feet per mile, with several fine shoals having steep hills and good hard 

bottom. 

Eleven miles down the river, at Galloway, Ga., there is a shoal with 

a fall of 10feetin half a mile. This would beagoodsite fora small darn. 

From one-half n1ile below Galloway to l'lfcCays, Tenn., 6 miles, the 

river has a fall of 60 feet, wi_th several good power sites. 
94 RIVER SURVEY.3 AND PROFILifS OF 1903. (NO. 115. 

The elevations in the following list are based upon an alun1inum. 

tablet at the Washington street entrance of the State capitol building 

at Atlanta, marked '' 1050 M C,'' the elevation of which is now 

accepted as 1,049.546 feet above 1nean sea level. They accord with 

the 1903 adjusted elevations of pri1nary bench n1arks near Morganton 

and Shallow Ford. The section from Shallow Ford to McCays Ferry 

is a single spur line. 

The leveling was done under the direction of Carroll Caldwell, field 

assistant, by T. B. O'Hagan, levelman. 

l!.,'lemtions on Toccoa River from Butts Bridge, Georgia, to Tennessee State line. 

Distance 

in miles. I Elevation in feet. 

1--------------------------------------------------l-------

0. 0 Morganton (3 miles east of Dial), forks of Morganton and Ellijay 

road, in large marble rock, copper bolt marked '' 1981''........ 1, 947.821 

1. 5 Butts Bridge, surface of water ............. __ ............. . . . . . 1, 858 

1. 5 Butts Bridge, east side of, nail in top of abutment ............ __ . 1, 874.25 

1. 5 High-water mark....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 870 

2 Pig~on Cre~k, 550 feet east of, north side of road, 60 feet north of nver. pomt on rock ................................ _........ 1, 858. 3.5 

2 Mouth of Pigeon Creek, surface of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 849 

2. 3 Between rapids, surface of water.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 845 

2. 5 Foot of shoals, surface of water ............................... . 

2. 9 Mouth of Weeks Creek, foot of rapids, surface of water .. _ ....... . 

3. 1 Dial post-office, Van Zant's bridge, 100 feet north of, east side of 

road, nail in root of red-oak tree ........................... . 

3. 1 Surface of water ........................................... . 

3. 1 High-water mark ........................................... . 

4 Mouth of Noontootly Creek, surfaee of water .................. . 

4 Mouth of branch, surface of water ............................ . 

4. 2 Rogers Ford, 50 feet west of, nail in root of tree ................ . 

4. 2 Surfaee of water ........................................... . 

4. 7 Surfaee of water ..................... _ ..................... . 

1,840 

1,830 

1,844.68 

1, 828 

1,851 

1,823 

1,821 

1,825.14 

1,820 

1,815 

5. 1 In rapids, surface of water ............................ _ . . . . . . . 1, 813 

5. 2 Big Creek Ford, 225 feet southeast of, 50 feet south of river, nail in 

root of white-oak tree....................................... 1, 817. 74 

5. 2 Surfaee of water............................................. 1, 810 

5. 2 In rapids, surface of water........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 809 

5. 7 Above rapids, surfaee of water.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 802 

5. 9 Below fish dam, surface of water ............................... 1 1, 799 

6. 1 Head of shoals, surfaee of water.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 795 

6. 4 Foot of shoals, surface of water .. _ . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 791 

6. 4 Surfaee of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 790 

7 Surfaee of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 782 

7. 1 Shallow Ford, 1 mile north of, north side of road, in large rock, eopper bolt marked " 1859 " .................................... I 1, 826. 439 
HALL ANDJ- HOYT. TOCCOA RIVER. 95 

Elevations on Toccoa River from Butts Bridge, Georgia, to Tennessee SteW line-Continued. 

D-i-st---ca•n-ce-I-------------------------->-----~~~--E-le_v_a-ti-on_ in miles. in feet. 

7.1 

7.6 

8. 1 

8. 1 

8.1 

8.3 

8.6 

8.8 

9.1 

9.3 

9.5 

9.9 

10 

10.2 

10.2 

10.2 

10. 7 

11 

11.2 

11.5 

11.6 

11.8 

11.8 

11.9 

12 

12.9 

13.3 

13.4 

13.4 

14 

14.6 

14.6 

14.7 

15.2 

15.4 

15.8 

16 

16.8 

Singl• /lying level spur line to McOays Ferry. i 

Below rarids, surface of water .................. -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -

1 

In rapids, surface of water_ _________________ . _ .. ____ .......... ·I 

~::~:: :ro:~t:~. f~~~ -~~~r~~l- ~f: ~-a-i~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~ -r~~~~~~ _t_r~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 

High-~ater mark ............... _ . _ . __ ... ____ ... _ ............ -I 

In rapids, surface of water ..................... - ..... - - - -- -- -- - 1 

S_urface of water ......................... - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - -I Mou~h of Stanley Creek, surface of water ............. -- -- -- -- -- -I 

Rapids, surface of water ......... - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -· -- - - -- -j 

Mouth of stream, surface of water _______ .. _ ... __ . _ ............ . 

Below rapids, surface of water __________ .....•••••............. 

Sta?ley Cr~ek, 1 mile northwest of, opposite island1 north side of 

nver, pomt on rock .... _ .. _____________ ........... _ ...... __ . 

In rapids, surface of water .... _. ____ . ___ ........ _. _. ; _ ........ . 

Opposite falls in river, .50 feet north of first falls, point on large rock .. 

Head of falls, surface of water ....... ___ ...................... . 

Foot of falls, surface of water _____ . ___ .........•.... _ ......• _. _ 

Mouth of branc.h, surface of water .... __ ....•.•••.•............. 

Below rapids, surface of water_ ..........•••••••••.•.•......... 

Mouth of Flat Creek, surface of water .. ------ __________ .. _ •..... 

In rapids, surface of water ......... ______________ •.. _. __ ......•. 

Surface of water ..............• _. __ . __________ . _______ ~ .•.... 

Head of long shoals, surface of water. ____ . __________ . __ .•... _ .. 

Rock cliff, south side of river, opposite large shoals, point in side of . 

Head of island, in shoals, surface of water ............ _ ......... . 

Foot of island, in shoals, surface of water ....................... . 

In shoals, surface of water ............... __ ................... _ 

Foot of large shoals, surface of water .... _ .. _ ... _ . _ .......... _ .. 

Below rapids, head of more shoals, surface of watel'. ............. . 

In rapids, surface of water ........... _____ .................. _ .. 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ....... __ ...................... . 

Mouth of Persimmon Creek, surface of water .................... . 

Persimmon Creek, 300 feet east of, west side of river, nail in root of 

large dead stump .......................................... . 

Below fish dam, surface of water ... ______ .... _____ .......... _ .. 

Mouth of stream, surface of water .... _____ . _ .................. . 

Mouth of Wilscot Creek, surface of water ....................... . 

In shoals, surface of water ........... __ ....................... . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water .. _______ ... _._ ................ . 

In rapids, surface of water ........... ___ ...................... . 

1,779 

1,769 

1, 774.9a 

1,763 

1,774 

1, 758 

1,755 

1, 752 

1, 747 

1,743 

1,738 

1,738. 77 

1, 729 

1,744.02 

1,728 

1, 719 

1, 717 

1,709 

1,705 

1,691 

1,690 

1,689 

1, 692.11 

1,679 

1,677 

1,665 

1,659 

1,656 

1,646 

1,640 

1,633 

1,638.06 

1,629 

1,624 

1,624 

1,616 

1,609 

1,602 
96 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. (NO. 115. 

Elevations on Toccoa River from BuU~ Bridge, Georgia, to Tennessee State line-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

8 

16.9 

17.1 

17.3 

17.3 

17.6 

18.2 

18.3 

18.8 

19 

19.6 

20 

20 

20 

20 

21.5 

21.6 

22 

22.4 

22.4 

22.9 

23.5 

23.6 

23.9 

23.9 

25.2 

25.5 

25.5 

25.5. 

26.6 

26.8 

26.8 

28 

28.8 

28.8 

Single flying level spur line to McOays Ferry-C.ontinqed. 

Wilscot Creek, 1.5 miles northwest of, rock cliff, 18 feet north of 

river, point on very large rock .............................. . 

In shoals, surface of water .................................... . 

Foot of shoals, surface of water ............................... . 

Tarpley Ford, surface of water ................................ . 

Tarpley Ford, 20 feet west of, nail in root of beech tree .......... . 

In rapids, surface of water .................................... . 

Mouth of creek, surface of water ......... ________ . ______ . _ .... . 

Surface of water ________ .. _________ . _________ . _ . __ .......... . 

Mouth of creek, surface of water. _ . _ ............ _ ......... _ ... . 

Mouth of Bullfr?g Creek, surface of water ... _ ............ _. _ ... . 

Surface of water_ . _ . _____ .. _ .. ___ . _ ....... _ ................. . 

Mouth of Charlie Creek, surface of water._ ... _ ... _ ...... _ .... __ . 

Lovingood Ford, 300 feet northeast of, nail in side of walnut tree .. . 

Surface of water .. _ . _ . __ . __ . __ . ____ . _ . _ . _ . _ .. __ . _ . _ .. _ ...... . 

High-water n1ark. _ . _ . __ .. ____ . _ . __ • __ . _ ...... _ .. _ . _ . ____ .. __ _ 

Mouth of Star Creek, surface of water ..... __ . _ .. _ . __ ..... _ .. __ .. 

Below fish dam, surface of water_ ....... _. _ .. · ... _. _. _ ... _ .. __ . _ 

Mouth of Rogers Branch, surface of water ... _ ...... _ . _ . _ .... ___ _ 

Toccoa Bridge, surface of water .. _. _ ... _. ·_. _ ...... __ . __ .. _ .. _ . 

Toccoa Bridge, 10 feet east of, nail in root of beech tree __ . ____ ... _ . 

Mouth of spring stream, surface of water ___ .... _ .... _ .. _ .. _ ... _. 

Below small rapids, surface of water_ ... __ . _ .. _ . _ . _ ............ . 

Mouth of Weavers Creek, surface of water .. __ .. _______ . _. _ ... __ . 

At Benchlog Ford, surface of water __ ... _____ . _ .•.. _ . __ . _ ..... . 

Benchlog Ford, 20 feet northeast of, nail in side of beech tree ..... . 

Large bend in river, surface of water ..... _ .. _ . _ ........... _ ..... . 

Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern Railroad bridge, east side of bridge 

abutment, point on rock. _ ..... _ ........... _ ......... _ ..... . 

Surface of water .... ___ . __ .. _ .. __ ...... ____ . _ ............... . 

High-water mark .. ____ . ___ .. _ .. __ . _ . _ .. _ .... _. _ ........... __ . 

Mouth of branch, surface of water .. __ ._ .. _ ... ____ . __ ... __ .. __ . _ 

H~rts Fo:d! 109 feet west of, stump on edge of bank at canoe landIng, nml In side of_ _ . _ . _ ... _ .. _ . __ ........... _ . _ ........... . 

Surface of water ...... ___ ...... __ ...... ___ . __ . _ ... __ . __ ... _ . _ 

Surface of water ... ____ . __ . _ . ___ ........... __ . _ . _ ........ __ . _ 

Bakers Ford, 100 feet southeast of, on edge of bank, nail in side of 

birch tree. __ . _____ ...... _ .... _ ...... _._ .... _ ... _ ... __ . ___ _ 

Surface of water .. ____ . __ . __ ................. _ . __ . _ .. __ .. _ . __ 

2

30

9. 6 

1 

Surface of water. __ . _ .... ____ . _ ...... __ . _ ........ __ . _ ..... __ . 

Bend of river, surface of water ................ _ ... __ . __ ... _ ... . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,608.96 

1,600 

1,596 

1,593 

1,598.30 

1,589 

1,576 

1, 571 

1,568 

1,565 

1,559 

1,555 

1,564.61 

1,554 

1,569 

1,550 

1,548 

1,547 

1,546 

1,557.64 

1,540 

1,539 

1,538 

1,538 

1,543.47 

1,528 

1,536.79 

1,526 

1,541 

1,519 

1, 521.90 

1,516 

1,510 

1,515 

1,507 

1,504 

1,502 
1-IALL AND]. HOYT. TOCCOA AND CH!PPEW A RIVERS. 97 

EletvJiions on Toccoa Rit,er from Butts Bridge, Georgia, to Tennessee State line--Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

30.2 

30.9 

30.9 

31.2 

31.5 

32.1 

32.1 

32.5 

32.8 

33. 7 

34 

34.5 

34.6 

34.6 

3.5 

35.4 

35.8 

35.8 

36. 1 

36.3 

36.3 

37.5 

37.5 

37.5 

07 .. 5 

Single flying le1•elspur line to McOays Ferry-Continued. 

Surface of water ... _ . _ .. ________ . _____ .. __ ..... _ ............ . 

Mouth of Sugar Creek, surface of water_ ....................... . 

Sugar Creek railroad bridge abutment, point in center of east side 

of bridge ............ _ . _ . _ . _ . _____ ........................ . 

Below Galloway Ford, surface of water ........................ . 

In shoals, surface of water ____ . __ . ____ ........................ . 

200 feet northwest of ford, 4 feet southeast of Atlanta, KnoxYille 

and Northern Railroad track, nail in side of peach tree .. _ ...... . 

Surface of water ....... ___ ... ___ . _ .......................... . 

Canoe Landing, surface of water. _ ............................ . 

Hothouse Creek, mouth of, surface of water .................... -I 

Foot of small shoals, near island, surface of water ................ i 

Mouth of Barker Creek, surface of water ....................... . 

Kyle post-office, 600 feet east of, Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern 

Railroad bridge over Barker Creek, on southeast end of, end bolt .. 

Kyle post-office, 40 feet south of, in front of Queen Brothers' store, 

pile supporting platform, nail in top of_ ...................... . 

Kyle ford, surface of water_ . _ ... _______ ... _ .................. . 

Below rapids, surface of water. _____ .......................... . 

Mouth of Wolf Creek, surface of water_ ........................ . 

Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern Railroad bridge over Ocoee River, 

east side of bridge, point on abutment ....................... . 

Surface of water ....... _ . _ ... ___ ... _ ......................... 

1 

In bend of river, surface of water .............................. . 

Dillbeck Ford, north edge of river, nail in side of dead birch tree .. . 

Surface of water ....... _ ..... _ ..... __ ....................... . 

McCays post-office, Polk County, Tenn., rock supporting southwest corner of, point on .... ____ .. ___________ . _ ... _ .............. . 

McCays Ferry, north side of riYer, pile supporting swinging bridge, 

cartridge shPll in top of. .... _ .............................. . 

High-water mark ......................................... - .. . 

Surface of water. _ . _ ... __ . _ .. _ . _ .. __ . __ . _ .. _ .......... _ . _ . __ . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

1,498 

1, 494" 

1,508.32 

1,592 

1,589 

1,562.69 

1,484 

1, 479. 

1,476 

1,467 

1,464 

1,482.43 

1,483.62 

1,463 

1,458 

1,455 

1, 471. 98 

1,452 

1,450 

1, 451.87 

1,447 

1,468.07 

1,460.15 

1,469 

1,444 

CHIPPEWA RIVER FROM REEDS LANDING, MINNESOTA, TO 

FLAMBEAU, WIS. 

Between April 15 and June 12, 1903, J. R. Ellis, field ·assistant, 

ran a eareful double-rodded primary-level line along the Chippewa 

River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. This 

work was under the general direetion of J. H. Renshawe, geographer 

in charge of the eentral sec.tion of topography. Later in the year it 

was decided to eontinue this work above Chippewa Falls, and on 
98 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. (NO. 115. 

September 1 the central and eastern sections having united as the 

eastern section of topography, H. M. Wilson, geographer in charge, 

assigned F. T. Fitch, field assistant, to this work. Between that 

date and October 4 Mr. Fitch ran a line of flying levels accom.panied 

by a plane-table stadia traverse and topographic sketching from 

Chippewa Falls to Fla1nbeau, Wis. 

FIG. 17.-Map showing location of surveys in Wisconsin. 

This level work is based on a bench n1ark of the Mississippi River 

Con11nission at Reeds Landing, and the distances were obtained 

by pacing. No plane-table survey of the river was undertaken. 

In this section, 64 n1iles in length, there is a fall of 135 feet. Eleven 

bench-n1ark tablets and 70 temporary bench n1arks were established, 

and 72 water-surface elevations were determined. 

While the survey was being 1nade the stage of the river fluctuated 

greatly, owing to rains and to alternate flooding and stoppage 
HALL AND] HOYT, CHIPPEWA RIVER. 

of the strean1 by various lumber con1panies. This diversion of the 

water is the cause of Inuch con1piaint by the various mill owners, 

many of whon1 want a system of reservoirs constructed near the 

headwaters to regulate the water supply. 

Owing to the slight fall, the width of the stream, and the wide 

bottmn lands, there are no opportunities for power develop1nent 

upon the Chippewa above Reeds Landing until the city of Eau Claire 

is reached. 

On Eau Claire River, a few hundred feet above its junction with 

the Chippewa at Eau Claire, is a 13-foot dam 300 feet long, which 

furnishes power for a linen 1nill. A few Iniles above the city of 

Eau Claire on Chippewa River the Dells Paper Cmnpany has a 20-

foot da1n which might be raised 3 or 4 feet by the use of flash boards. 

There are no power sites on Chippewa River until the city of Chippewa Falls is reached, but there are good pro2pects of developing 

power on several of the tributaries between these cities. 

Front Chippewa Falls to Fla1nbeau the stadia survey of the river 

and adjacent banks was plotted on a scale of 1:22,500. In this 

distance, 43 miles, there is a total fall of 244 feet. Seven bench 

marks were established and 40 water-surface elevations were deterInined. 

At Chippewa Falls a wooden 13-foot dam, owned by the Chippewa 

Falls Lumber and Boo1n Con1pany, increases the head to 30 feet and 

supplies power for a Jarge sawmill, and an electric plant which furnishes 

the city of Chippewa Falls with water and light. This dam could 

be Inade higher, as the local conditions are favorable, but this would 

interfere with a proposed plant at Paint Creek Rapids, 2! 1niles upstrean1, to which point the water now backs up. Here there was 

formerly a flooding dam, but a freshet cut a channel around it to 

the north, and the dam has since been torn out. A 14-foot da1n 

could be constructed at the foot of the rapids where the banks and 

bed of the river are sand intermingled with large bowlders. Abundant stone for construction is near at hand. 

At Eagle Rapids, 4! miles upstream, is a good site for a da1n. 

A dan1 here was torn out. A 20-foot dam would back water threefourths of a mile above the city of Chippewa, where O'Neils Creek 

enters from the west. One mile above O'Neils Creek is a gorge 

700 feet wide. A 25-foot dan1 would have solid sandstone for 

foundation and abutments and would back water aln1ost to the 

foot of Jim Falls, 5 miles above. At the smaH village of Jim Falls, 

near the site of an old flooding dan1, is the best opportunity for power 

development on the river. This point is now under development, 

the cmnpany having purchased all the land needed as well as the 

water rights. The river flows over a series of granite ledges frmn 

1 to 4 feet high, while the banks seen1 to be solid rock covered by a 
100 RIVER SUI~VEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [NO. 115. 

few feet of sandy soil. The proposed dan1 will be 28 feet high and 

will be located at the head of the rapids. It will furnish power for a 

pulp n1ill. The dan1 will back water nearly to Brunne Falls, 9! 

miles, and covers the Colton and Chevalley rapids. The head 

obtained by this da1n will be 55 feet. 

At Brunne Falls the best location for a dan1 would be at the 1nain 

fall, about 650 feet above the foot of the rapids, where a 35-foot da1n 

would back the water up to the rapids at Holcon1be, 5! n1iles. The 

river at the falls is very narrow, and at the point n1entioned the banks 

are ledges of roek. A rocky island in the river would help in the 

construction a good deal. 

At Holcombe the Chippewa Falls Lu1nber and Boon1 Company 

has an old dan1 with a head of about 17 feet. This is the third da1n 

they have built there, the others having been washed out by freshets. 

As the lumber interests in this locality are declining, the present 

da1n js being allowed to decay, and could be replaeed with a n1ore 

substantial structure for power purposes. The river here has a rock 

botton1 and rather low, elay sides, and an 18-foot dan1 could be 

constructed on the site of the present structure., which, together . 

with a 15-foot dan1 at the foot of the rapids, would not destroy any 

n1ore valuable botton1 lands above. This would baek the water up 

for more than a 1nile above Deer Tail Creek and furnish considerable storage. Frmn here to Fla1nbeau, the end of the survey, 

there are no rapids of any consequenee. 

There are two railway bridges and a highway bridge across the 

river at Chippewa Falls and another road bridge just below Eagle 

Rapids. Thm·e are but few boats on the river, as during the logdriving season boats would be crushed. 

The lun1bering operations, whieh are on the deeline, are controlled 

by the Chippewa Falls Lu1nber and Bomn Con1pany, with headquarters at Chippewa Falls, a thriving city of about 10,000 population, where there are a nun1ber of factories and n1iiJs. About ten 

miles above is the city of Chippewa, at one tin1e the 1nost prmnising 

town in the neighborhood, but now little n1ore than a ha1nlet. At 

Jim Falls there is a village, but Holcon1be is the only town of any 

importance above Chippewa Falls. Several railroad lines are being 

built in this section, and the agricultural and Inanufacturing interests 

are supplanting the lu1nber industry, while the land is generally 

taken up by settlers wherever the hunber has been cut, so that no 

second-growth ti1nber is con1ing up. The whole community seems 

very prosperous, while nu1nerous con1panies are on the point of 

investing capital 111 the n1anufacturing interests in the neighborhood. 

The elevations of water surfaces of the river are dependent on 

the following table of daily gage readings by the Chippewa Falls 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. CHIPPEWA RlVER. 101 

Lumber and Boom Company fron1 a gage on the highway bridge at 

Chippewa Falls. The elevation of the zero of gage is 804.8 feet 

above sea level. The gage height of the highest water known had 

an elevation of 831.4 feet above sea level. 

Gage height of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls. 

Date. Height. Date. 

May!. .................... . 

2 ..................... . 

Ft~ ~~ I June 6---------------------

8 6 7 ...................•• 

3 ................. ····· 

4 ..................... . 

5 ..................... . 

6. ········ ............ . 

7 ..................... . 

8 ............... ······. 

8 0 

8 0 

7 9 i 

7 3 

6 8 

5 6 

9. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5 6 

10 ............................... . 

11. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5 6 

12 ... -............. .. . . . 8 9 

13..... .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . 9 6 

14 ... -- .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 9 6 

15. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 9 1 

8 ................•..• 

9 ................... -

10 ................... -

11 ................... -

12 ....... - ........... -

13 ...... : ......... -.. -

14 .. ---- .... -- .... ----

15.- ...... -- .. -- .... --

16 ........ -- ......... . 

17 ................... -. 

18 .................... . 

19 .................... . 

20 .................... . 

Height. 

Ft. In. 

3 10 

2 2 

2 6 

3 0 

2 9 

2 6 

2 6 

2 2 

.. -... -- ... -- ... 

1 6 

1 6 

1 6 

1 .3 

0 6 

2 6 

16 .................. -.. . 8 1 21 ...... --~- ..................... . 

17 ................................ . 

18. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 6 3 

19 ..... -- .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5 8 

20... .. .. .. .. .. ......... 5 2 

21. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5 3 

22. .. ...... .... ......... 5 8 

E: : : -: : : : : -: : : :: :: : : :: :J- -- --:- --~. 26 ...................... - 6 4 

27 ... ········ ............ . 

28 ....... ····•··•·· ..•.• 

29 ... ······ ............ . 

30 ..................... . 

31 ..................... . 

June 1 ..................... . 

2 ... ············ ...... . 

3 ................. -----

4_ ................ -... . 

5 •.... --··············· 

8 8 

11 0 

12 5 

11 8 

10 3 

8 8 

7 10 

6 6 

5 9 

4 9 

22 ........ -- .. .. .. .. .. . 1 0 

23 .•.... ······ -· ...... . 1 3 

24 ................ -- .. . 1 0 

25 ........ -- ......... . 0 9 

26 ................... . 0 9 

27 ............ -- ..... . 0 9 

28 ................... . -. -- -- -- -

29 .... ········ ....... . 1 6 

30 ................... . 1 10 

July L .... _ ............. . 3 8 

2 ................... . 4 10 

3 .... ·········· ..... . 5 7 

4 .... ---- ········ ---- 9 6 

5 ...... ········ ..... . 10 6 

6 ................... . 10 3 

7 ................... . 9 0 

8 ...... ·········· ... . 7 9 

9 ................... . 6 9 

10 ................... . 5 1 

11 ................... - 6 0 
102 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. 

Gage height of Chippewa R'i'Per at Oh.ippewa Falls-Continued. 

Date. Height. II Date. Height. 

Ft. In. Ft. In. 

July 12 ...•.••••..•......... 6 0 Aug. 22. ________ .. _. _ .... _.. 1 9 

Aug. 

13 .• -------------------

14.--------------------

15 .. ·- -----------------

16 .. ---------- .• -------

17 .. -------------------

18 .. -------------------

19 .. -------------------

20 .. -------------------

21 .. -------------------

22 .. -------------------

23 .. -------------------

24 .. -------------------

25 .. -------------------

5 4 23 .•••••.. -----------------------

4 6 

4 3 

3 3 

3 3 

5 0 

0 

2 10 

2 6 

2 3 

2 3 

2 3 

3 '0 

24_. -------------------

25 ____ -------- -·-- -----

26 ________ -------------

27 .. -------------------

28 __ ------------------. 

29 .. -------------------

30 .. -------------------

31.--------------------

Sept. 1 .... __ . __ .. _ .. _ .. __ .. 

2_----------- ~--------

3 .. -------------------

4 __ -------------------

1 9 

1 9 

9 

1 9 

2 f) 

2 1 

2 6 

2 3 

2 3 

2 9 

2 3 

2 0 

26 .. -------------- ·- -------------- 5 .. -----------------------------

27 .. ------------------- 2 6 

28 __ ------------------- 1 9 

29 __ -------------------

30 ____ -----------------

31_- -------------------

~:: --:- _:::--:- --:-:-:I 

4 __ -------------------

5 .. -------------------

6 __ -------- -·- ---------

7 .. -------------------

8._ -------------------

9 __ -------------------

10.------------- -· -----

11.--------.-----------

12 .. -------------------

13.------------------.-

14 __ -------------------

15.--------------------

1 

1 

2 

6 

4 

0 

3 

6 

0 

2 9 

3 6 

5 3 

5 3 

6 9 

3 6 

3 10 

3 8 

3 0 

3 3 

3 2 

3 6 

16.-------------------- ----------

17 .. ------------------- 3 0 

6 ______ -- ·--------- ---

7 •. -------------------

8 ______ ---------------

9 .. ---- ---· -----------

10 .• -------------------

11_--------------------

12 .. -------------------

13 .. -------------------

14 .. -------------------

15 .. -------------------

16 .. -------------------

17.--------------------

18.--------------------

19 __ ------------ .. -----

20 ____________ -· -------

21 .. ------------------- 22 ____________________ _ 

23 .. -------------------

24 .. -------------------

25 ________ -------------

26 .... -----------------

27 ____ -----------------

18_- -------------------

19.--------------------

20 .. -------------------

21 .. --------------------

2 

2 

1 

6 28 .. -------------------

0 29 .. -------------------

66,, Oct. 30_--------------------

1 .. --.-- .... --- ... ---.I 

2 3 

2 6 

2 8 

4 0 

4 4 

5 

7 0 

7 8 

9 6 

12 4 

13 3 

12 6 

11 0 

9 6 

8 6 

7 3 

6 4 

5 6 

4 6 

3 3 

3 3 

3 3 

3 4 

3 3 

3 ;3 

3 3 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. CHIP PEW A Rl VER. 

Gage heig~t of Ch-ippewa River at Chippewa Falls-Continued. 

Date. 

Oct. 2 ... ------------ _______ _ 

3 _____ ------------------

4.-------------------- -· 

Height. Date. 

Ft. In. 

3 3 Oct. 5. __ . _____ . ____ . __ . __ 

6.-------- .. ---------

7.-------------------

103 

Height. 

Ft. ln. 

7 10 

8 1 

8 0 

The elevations in the following list are based upon a bronze tablet, 

rnarked "797 E. C," at southwest corner of the court-house at Eau 

Claire, Wis., the elevation of which is accepted as 797.4 73 feet above 

mean sea level. The initial point upon which these levels depend is 

bench mark "Bottom," of the Missouri River Commission, opposite 

Reeds Landing, Minnesota, the elevation of which is accepted as 

672.355 feet above mean sea level. These elevations accord with 

the 1903 adjustment of the precise-level net. 

Permanent bench marks dependent on this dattnn are marked with 

the letters "E. C." in addition to the figures of elevation. 

§ ,.!:0: '0 .., ~ .., ;.:3 0 

75(\ 

... 

o:l s ,.!:0: <D .., ,.!:0: 

<D 

,:: ... 

.., $ 

... ~ 0 

'0 ~ 0 0 1=0 ... '0 .., 0 0 ,.!:0: '1=: ~ ~ 

~ ,0 ~ 

<alf ;;., ~ ;g 3 ~ '0 .+J ~ ~0 o:l '1=: >= ·~ 

~ ~ 

0 

~ ~ 

... 

0 ~ 

<0 

.., 

'E >n.,<:: 

~~ ..<:: 

.~ 

t;: 

~ 

::l 

... ~ --- i:: ... s ;a o:l _3-r---- ~ ~ A~ 

~ 

~- --- o:l .., 

00 .21 ·;;_. r--

M1les 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 a 0 250 

FIG. 18. Profile of Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, to Flambeau, Wis. 

Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis. 

Distance 

in miles. 

0. 0 Reeds Landing, Minnesota (Miss. River Commission bench mark 

'·Bottom"), tile and iron pipe in low flat ground, opposite, 220 

meters from left bank of river, in property of Mrs, C. S. Richards, 

45 meters west of Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad trestle 

to bridge, 205 meters southwest of end of trestle and small pond.-

Elevation 

in feet. 

672.355 
104 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFII~ES OF 1903. (NO. 11.'}, 

Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, M·innesota, a],ong Chicago, .M ilwaukce 

and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis.-Continue.d. 

Distance 

in miles. 

0. 5 High water in back water of slough ............................ . 

1. 4 Trevin's, at grade crossing Burlington and Chicago, Milwaukee and 

St. Paul railroads, top of raiL .............................. . 

1. 4 15 feet northwest of intersection of grade crossing, spike in telegraph 

pole ..................................................... . 

1. 9 15 feet northwest of end of trestle, nail in top cf fence post ....... . 

2. 6 Lone narrow island, lower end of, left bank of river, birch tree, nail 

in root of ................................................. . 

2. 6 High water ............................ _·_ ................... . 

3. 2 Private road crossing, top of rail. ................... _ . _ .... _ .. . 

3. 5 Government dam, 300 feet below, opposite north end of small island, 

left bank of river, water maple, nail on notch ................. . 

3. 5 High water .. _ ... _ .. __ ......... __ ...... _ ....... _ ... __ .... _ .. _ 

3. 6 300 feet north of rapids, high water ............... _ ........... . 

3. 8 Wancuda Island, 0.25 mile below north end of, left bank of river, 

notch cut on elm tree, nail in ................. _ ............. . 

4. 3 North end of Government dam, 100 feet below, left channel, surface 

of water .................... _ ............................. . 

4. 5 165 feet east of river, water maple tree, notch cut in ......... _ .. _ . 

4. 5 Surface of water. _ . __ ...... __ . _ .... _ .. _ .... _ . _ ............ _ .. 

0 Near north corner of C. W. Knight's yard, in top of limestone 8 by 

10 by 26 inches, set 25 inches in ground, bronze tablet marked 

'' 682 E. C." .................. _ ................ _ ......... . 

5. 5 Opposite trestle 32 H, surfaee of water ..... _ .. _ .. __ ..... __ .. __ .. 

5. 8 Old Battle Slough station, in west side of switeh stand, spike ..... 

6. 2 Surface of water (river about 1 foot above ordinary stage)_. _ .. _ .. 

6. 6 Bridge No. 38M, 50 feet south of, west side of dump, cross on stone._ 

6. 7 Bridge No. 42 M, private road crossing south of, top of raiL_ ..... . 

7. 4 Bridge No. 50 M, at south end of, east side of track, nail in cross cut 

in cap_ .. _ ... _ .... _ ... _ .... -- ............................. . 

7. 4 Surface of water ... __ . __ ..... _ .... _ .. ~ .......... _ ....... __ .. . 

Private croseing, top of ra.iL. __ .. _ .................. _ ... _ ... _ .. 

Surface of water .. ___ .... _ ... __ ......... _ ..... _ ... __ .. __ .. __ . 

Second telegraph pole north of slough, spike in .... _ ... _ ......... . 

Elm tree on left bank of river, nail in notch cut in ..... _ ........ . 

Surface of water (1.9 feet higher than stage observed nearer mouth)_ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

672 

684.3 

684.89 

680.01 

677.46 

674 

681.4 

680.36 

675 

676 

681. 52 

677 

681. 13 

678 

682.337 

680 

685.28 

681 

685.28 

688.41 

688.26 

683 

692.1 

685 

689.33 

689.36 

687 

7.9 

7.9 

8 

8.5 

8.5 

9 Trestle No. 60 M, top of raiL._ ................................ _ .. _. _ .. . 

9 Surface of water .. _ .... _ ......... __ ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688 

9. 6 Maxwell station, surface of water._ ..... _ ................. __ ... . 

9. 6 Maxwell, 180 feet southwest of platform, in sandstone post 8 by 12 

by 80 inches, set 27 inches in ground, bronze tablet marked 

"691 E. C." ............. _. _ .... _ ..... __ .. ___ .. __ ... ____ .. . 

10.3 Trestle No. 66 M, Little Belf Slough, surfaee of water ...........•. 

691 

691.196 

691 
HAU,ANDJ HOYT. CHIPPEWA RIVER. 105 

Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Land·ing, Jf·innesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

10.6 

10.6 

11.4 

11.9 

12.3 

12.4 

12.8 

13.4 

13.4 

14 

14 

14.4 

14.4 

14.6 

15.2 

15.9 

16. 1 

16.5 

16.8 

16.8 

16.8 

17.5 

18.2 

18.21 

18.5 

18.5 

West side of railroad, near gate at private road crossing, nail in top of stump. ___ . __________________________________ . _ . ___ ... __ 

Surface of water (is about ·1 feet lower than low water)_ .. ___ ... _ . 

South end of trestle No. 70 M, 15 feet east of railroad, cross on sandstone ____________________ . ______ . . _____________________ . __ 

Big Beef Slough, 150 feet below railroad bridge No. 74 M (is about 

3 feet above low water) surface of water __________________ ... _ 

595 feet north of bridge, on west side of track, nail in top of post .. _. 

Private r9ad crossing, top of east raiL. __ ...... __ .... _ .. _ ..... _ . 

Pawn's farm, private road crossing, top of west raiL ___ ... _ ...... . 

T. 24 N., R. 13 W., just outside of Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 

Railroad right of way, left bank of river, ~nd 0.25 mile due west 

of center sec. 6, in sandstone post 12 by 6 by 30 inches, bronze 

tablet marked '' 733 E. C.". _. _________ ... ___ . ___ ... _ .. __ .. _ . 

Surface of water ___________________________________ .. _______ _ 

Round Hill, 0.25 mile below,left bank of river, black oak tree, nail in 

notch cut in. ___ ... _______ . ______ . ____ .. __ ................ . 

Surface of water __________________________________________ . __ 

Road in front of barn. _____ . ____________ . ___________ . ____ . _ .. _ 

Surface of water_ .. ___ .. _________________ . ___ . __ ......... _ .. _ 

Round Hill, north and south road erossing on Chicago, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Railroad _______________________ . _ . _____ . ___ .. _ 

Road erossing on east side of railroad, spike in signboard ......... . 

Private road crossing, top of raiL __________________ . _ . __ . _ .... _ 

Durand, 100 feet north of south switch block, 12 feet east of center 

of trac.k, north end of sandstone, cross .. _______ ._._ ... _ ...... . 

300 feet north of brewery, east and west road erossing, top of raiL. 

Durand, road crossing north of station, top of raiL ______ . ___ ... _ . 

Durand County jail building, water table at southwest eorner of, bronze tablet marked'' 724 E. C." _________________ ... _ ..... _. 

Upper bridge, surface of water. _________________ . ___ ._. ___ ... _. 

Durand, north part of, at north end of siding, 35 feet northwest of 

switch block, cottonwood tree, notch cut in root; nail in .......... . 

Spur line up river. 

Elm tree, left bank of river, nail in notch ___ . ___ ........... ____ _ 

Surface of water. __ .. ________ . __ . ___________________ -. - - - - - - -

Creek from east, white oak tree at, nail in notch on root. ________ _ \ 

Creek, at mouth, surface of water (river is about 2 feet above low 

water) _________ . __ . _ . _ .. ____ .... ___ - - -. - - -- - - - - -. - - -- - - -- -

Main line continued. 

18. 8 i Northwest corner of trestle No. 96 M, nail in top of fence post.- .. . 

18. 8 i Surface of water. __ . __ . _ . _ . __ . __ . ___ .. __ . ______ . __________ .. . 

19. 1 1 Beaver Creek, surface of water. _________ .. _ ... ___ . _ •........ - _ -

Elevation 

in feet. 

694.91 

693 

701.32 

695 

711.65 

714.61 

724.3 

732.878 

698 

737. 7 

699 

733 

699 

731.4 

740.56 

724.55 

717.54 

720.6 

724.7 

724.361 

703 

727.23 

707.24 

705 

707.20 

706 

717.24 

711 

712 
106 RIVER t-~URV~YS AND PROFILES OF 190:3. (NO. llfi. 

Elemtions on Ohippnm Rit-er from Reeds Land,ing, Minnesota, along Ch-icago, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Ra,ilroad, to Ohippmm FallJJ, W,is.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

19. 1 

19. 7 

19. 7 

20.4 

20.6 

21. 1 

21.2 

21.4 

22.1 

22. 1 

22.4 

22.8 

23.1 

23. 1 

23.3 

23.9 

24 

24.2 

24.4 

24.6 

24.6 

25.7 

25. 7 

25.8 

26.4 

26. 7 

26.7 

26.9 

27. 1 

27.4 

27.9 

27.9 

28.8 

28.8 

29.4 

29.6 

I 

Elevation 

in feet. 

_T_r_e_s-tl_e_N_o_. 9_8_M_,_t_o_p_o_f_s_a_n_d-st_o_n_e-,, _a_t_s-ou_t_h_e_a-st-en_d_o_f_t-re_s_tl_e ____ -------~ ~~-;-

Trestle No. 100M, southeast corner of, spike in cap. _____________ I 715. 60 

Surfaee of water _______ . __________ ..... ~ .................... . 

Bear Lake,0.75 mile north of, private road erossing, top of west raiL 

Private road erossing, top of east raiL ......................... . 

Whistle post for road erossing, spike in ... ___ .................... . 

East and west road crossing, top of west raiL ................... . 

Northwest and southeast road crossing, top of west raiL ......... . 

Weber's house, road crossing, top of raiL ...................... . 

Crossing post, near bottom, railroad spike. ___ ... _. __ ........... . 

Trestle No. 106M, section line between sees. top of raiL. 

Red Cedar, 0.33 mile south of, T.25 N., R. 12 w.,sec.6,one-quarter I 

corner north side of, in ground at T road east, sandstone 6 by 12 by 

30 inches, bronze tablet marked '· 7 55 E. C." .................. : 

Red Cedar, west part of, foundation to water tank .............. . 

Red Cedar, road crossing, top of raiL .......................... . 

Surface of water __ . _ . _____ ..... ___ .......................... . 

Private road crossing, top of raiL ___ ..... _ . _ .................. . 

Private road crossing, spike in base of first telegraph pole north of .. 

Red Cedar Junction, at switch bloek, top of east raiL_ ........... . 

Red Cedar Junction, surface of water at bridge ................. . 

Trestle No. 108 M, at southwest corner, nail in top of fence post_ .. . 

Surface of water __________________________ ... ____ ........... . 

Tyrone (abandoned station), 750 feet south of, spike in telegraph pole ____________________ .. ______ ...................... __ .. . 

Surface of water __ ... _____ .... ___ ........................... . 

Tyrone, at road crossing, top of rail ........................... . 

Private road crossing, top of raiL ___ .......................... . 

Trestle No. 116, fence post at southwest eorner of, nail in top of ... . 

Surface of water __ ... _____ ... _ . ___ .......................... . 

Private road crossing, top of west raiL ...... _ .................. . 

Railroad spike in erossing post. ____ .. _______ .................. . 

Road crossing (seeond one north of publie er6ssing), top of raiL .... . 

Trestle No. 118M, at southeast eorner of, in top of fence post ...... . 

Surfaee of water ....... ___ .. _ . ____ .......................... . 

Meridian, T. 26 N., R. 12 W., see. 14, north part of, at southeast cor- ner of Iver Brock's residenee, in stone foundation, bronze tablet 

marked '' 7 40 E. C.''. ___ .................................. . 

Road erossing, top of raiL __ ... ___ ............................ . 

Private road crossing, top of raiL . _ ... _____ ....... _ ........... . 

Trestle No.l24 M, at east end of, nail in top of fence post •....•..•••• 

713 

733.2 

735.1 

735.62 

735.8 

737.2 

745.8 

746.52 

749.64 

755.670 

758.36 

758.9 

721 

735.2 

731.37 

729.3 

721 

730.45 

722 

727.97 

724 

732 

731.2 

732.96 

724 

733.24 

731.5 

732.9 

733.04 

728 

739.923 

739.2 

739.8 

738.46 
HALL AND]. 

HOYT. CHIPPEWA RIVER. 107 

mevations on Oh-ippewa River· from Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Ohicago, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

29. 6 Surface of water __________________________________________ .. . 

29. 7 North and south road crossing, top of raiL ____ . ___ . ________ ._ .. . 

30. 1 North and south road crossing, cross on stone. ______ ..... _______ _ 

30. 1 Road crossing, top of north raiL _____________________ . __ . _____ _ 

31 Road crossing, spike in telegraph pole .. ___________ . _ . _ . ____ ..... 

31 Wagon bridge, surface of water. _________________ . _ ... __ . ____ . _ 

32. 2 South side of railroad, 60 feet west of large spring, cross cut in sandstone. __ ..... ________ . _ . _ .... _ .............. - -- -- -- - - - - -- -

32. 2 Surface of water ________ . ____________ .. ________ ...... _ . _ .. _ . _ 

33 Spike in base of telegraph pole. _________________ . __ . ________ ... 

33. 7 Opposite small island, on highest point of large sandstone bowlder, eross cut ...... __ .. ___ . _ .. __ . _____ ..... _ .. _ ............... . 

33. 7 Surfaee of water ________ .. _. _______ ._. _________ ._. ________ .. . 

34. 1 On bank of river at right of way fenee, sandstone bowlder, eross cut 

in top of_ . _ .... __ .. _ ........ _ . __ ............. - - . - - - -... -- -

34. 5 Roek Creek, surfaee of water ________ . ________ . __ .... __ . __ .... _ 

34. 7 Private road erossing, top of raiL ________________ .. ___________ _ 

34. 9 Trestle No. 144, at northwest eo mer of, nail in eross cut in eap. _____ . 

35.8 Caryville, T. 26 N., R. 11 W., see. 11, east part of, at northwest cor- ner of post-office, Strand's general store, in stone foundation, 

bronze tablet marked "760 E. C."_. ____ . ________ .. _ . _____ .. _ 

35. 9 Road erossing, top of raiL ______________________ . ____________ _ 

36.3 

36.3 

37 

37 

38.3 

39.1 

39.5 

40. 7 

40.7 

41.3 

41.4 

42.4 

42.4 

43 

43.3 

[Line continued along highway.] 

Wagon bridge over West Creek, in top of pile at east approach, naiL _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

East of small island, water maple 40 feet east of river, on left bank, nail in root of. ______ . _____ . ______ . ___________ . ____ . _______ -1 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Powe11 Lake and Chippewa River roads, 75 feet east of junction, small double elm tree, nail in root of. _____ . _________ . __ . _____ _ 

Surface of water ____________________________________________ _ 

Surfaee of water _____________________________________ . ______ _ 

On left bank of river, at east end of long log boom, nail in maple stump. _____________________________________ .. ____ . ______ _ 

Surfac.e of water .. _ . ________________ . _______________________ _ 

Coolies Lake, near outlet, B. A. Churchville residence, at southwest comer of, in foundation, bronze tablet marked "779 E. C.'' ____ . 

Surface of water ________________________________ . ___________ _ 

Porterville, 0.75 mile south of, wagon road culvert, nail in top of pile_ 

Surface of water ______ . _____________________________________ _ 

Old Porter mills, nail in root of large water maple. ___ .. _ . _______ ... 

T roads ..................... 0 •••• 0 0 0 0 _ 0 •••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 •• 0 •• 0 

IRR 115-05-8 

Elevation 

in feet. 

733 

739.6 

740.30 

741.7 

745.02 

739 

751.82 

741 

747.85 

753. 19 

743 

754. 70 

744 

752.9 

751.22 

760.144 

757. 7 

753.98 

746 

749.63 

747 

756.15 

752 

752 

763.11 

755 

779.356 

758 

763.92 

761 

764.84 

767 
108 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No.115. 

Elevat·ions on Chippewa Ri·ver from Reed.<J Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Ra·ilroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

43.3 

43.8 

44.1 

44.8 

44.9 

44.9 

45.5 

45.5 

45.8 

45.8 

46.5 

46.5 

46.6 

47.6 

48.1 

48.3 

48.4 

48. 7 

48.8 

48.8 

Creek, mouth of, surface of water _____________________________ _ 

On river bank, 30 feet west of road, nail in top of stump. ________ _ 

Surface of water _____________________________ . ______ .. _ . _ . __ _ 

Charles Bannon's residence, 120 feet southeast of, at gate, nail in white oak stump. _______ . ________________________ . _____ . __ _ 

Lower Creek, road erossing on Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, top of raiL ______________________________________ _ 

Surfaee of water (higher than has been for 2 years) _____________ _ 

Shawtown, 1.mile south of, T. 27 N., R. 10 W., sec. 36, northeast eorner of, in stone foundation at northwest corner of Henry Trimble's 

residence, bronze tablet marked '' 781 E. C.''. ________________ _ 

High water, in 1884 ... _____________________________ - -- -- -- -- -

Road crossing. _____________________________________________ _ 

Surfaee of water _____ . _ .. ______________ . __ . _ . ______ . __ . ____ _ 

Shawtown, 200 feet south of railroad bridge, spike in base of telegraph pole .. _____________ . ___________ . _ .. _ . ______ . _ .. - -- --

Under bridge, surface of water. __ . _______ ._._ .. _ .. ___ . _______ _ 

Menomonie street crossing, top of raiL __ ... __ . ______ . ______ . __ _ 

Eau Claire, crossing of Niagara and Seventh street. ____ . __ . ___ ._ 

East entrance to high sehool, first window to right, in sill, cut in 

center ___________________ . _ . ________ . __ . ________ .. ______ _ 

Eau Claire, at southwest eorner of court-house, bronze tablet marked '' 797 E. C.'' __ . _____ . ____ . ______________ . ____ . ______ . ____ _ 

Crossing of Grand and Oxford avenue, top of raiL ___ . __ . _______ _ 

200 feet south of railroad bridge, spike in base of erossing post. ____ _ 

Center of railroad bridge over river. _________ . _ . __ . _: _________ _ 

Eau Claire River, mouth of, surface of water under bridge (June 2). 

[Spur line, June 9, up Eau Claire River from junction. Stage of water 6.5 

lower.l 

. 1 Junction of Chippewa and Eau Claire rivers, June 9, foot of first dam 

at mouth of, on Eau Claire river. __ ... _. __ . ________ ._ .. ______ _ 

. 1 Head of same dam. ________ . ____________ . __________ . _______ _ 

"75 Foot of second dam. ______________________ . ________ . _______ _ 

. 75 Head of seeond dam. ________ . ________ . _____________ . _______ _ 

49 

49. 1 

49.4 

49.4 

49.4 

49.8 

[Main line continued June 2. River is 6.5 feet higher than a week later.] 

Eau Claire court-house, 0.7mile north of, at Chieago, Milwaukee and 

St. Paul Railroad station, top of raiL ______ .. _ . _ . _______ . _ ... _ 

Forrest street erossing of spur to paper mill, top of rail .. _________ _ 

Elm street erossing, top of raiL ___________________ . ____ . __ .. _. 

The Dallas Paper Mill Company dam, foot of, surface of water._ .. _ 

The Dallas Paper Mill Company dam, head of, surfaee of water._. 

Chieago and Northwestern Railroad bridge over river, south eorner of east pier, cross cut on._ ... _ ... _____ . _______ ._ .. ________ _ 

Elevation 

in feet. 

764 

767.85 

764 

771.08 

773.4 

768 

780.84 

777 

776.5 

769 

783.98 

769 

777.6 

781.2 

797.93 

797.473 

791 

787.33 

788.3 

770 

763.5 

774 

774 

786.8 

786.05 

778.6 

780.3 

772 

793 

804.36 
HALL AND] 

HOYT. CHIPPEWA RIVER. 109 

Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, Minnesota. along Ohirogo, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa FaUs, W is.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

50.6 

50. 7 

50.8 

51 

51.4 

51.6 

51.9 

52 

52.6 

52.6 

53.2 

53.3 

53.5 

54.4 

54.4 

54.8 

54.8 

56.1 

56.1 

56.1 

57.3 

.0 

57.4 

58.3 

58.3 

58.4 

58.4 

58.76 

59.4 

59.4 

60.5 

60.6 

61. 1 

61.1 

Chicago and Northwestern, at mile post St. Paul87, top of raiL ..... . 

Duluth Branch, at overhead road crossing, top of raiL ........... . 

Duluth br&nch, Chicago and Northwestern Railroad, on east side of 

railroad, opposite yard-limit post, spike in base of telegraph pole. 

Road crossing, top of raiL ...................•..•.............. 

Mile post 1, top of east raiL .................................. . 

Power house at crossing of Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul and 

Chicago and Northwestern railroads, 1,100 feet south of, spike in 

telegraph pole ..............•..........•................... 

Grade crossing, top of raiL ................................... . 

Chicago, Milwaukee and St. 'Paul and Chicago and Northwestern 

railroads, grade crossing, top of raiL ......................... . 

Road crossing, top of west raiL .. ~ ............................ . 

20 feet west of north cattle guard to road crossing, in base of 

fence corner post, spike .................................... . 

Road crossing, top of raiL .................................... . 

Second pole west of road crossing, spike in ..................... . 

Dalles Mill station, road crossing, top of west raiL ............... . 

Road crossing on line between Eau Claire and Chippewa counties ... . 

County line crossing, in north cattle guard, nail in top of fence post .. 

East and west road crossing, top of east raiL ................... . 

Surface of water ........................................... . 

La Fayette, road crossing at old site of, top of west raiL ........ . 

Surface of wa~er ........................................... . 

La Fayette, second telegraph pole above road crossing at old site 

of, spike in .............................................. . 

North and south private road crossing, spike in black oak tree ... . 

Surface of water ........................................... . 

Road crossing east and west .................................. . 

Badger Mills, road crossing just below north switch block ........ . 

Halle Lake, Badger Mills, surface of water ..................... . 

Badger Mills, just south of waiting shed, spike in crossing post ... . 

Badger Mills, opposite waiting shed, top of east raiL ............. . 

Badger Mills, summer hotel, in ground in lawn of, 50 feet due west 

of front window, sandstone post 10 by 8 'by 30 inches, bronze 

tablet marked "827 E. C." ................................. . 

150 feet west of P. C. mark, 150 feet south of gate, spike in base of 

telegraph pole ........................................... . 

Surface of water .................. ·_ ......................... . 

Surface of water .................................... : ....... . 

Trestle No. 216, in sleeper at west end of, painted cross on bolt ... . 

Gravel Island, crossing post just below, spike in base of. ......... . 

Gravel Island, slough, mouth of, surface of water ............... . 

Elevation 

in feet. 

843.1 

851.8 

858.56 

871.3 

882.8 

882.09 

881.2 

880.2 

843.5 

840.09 

813.~ 

807.97 

804.2 

813 

815.18 

821.1 

793 

817.4 

794 

818.75 

815.96 

794 

821.9 

817 

815 

818.19 

820.2 

827.716 

831.45 

797.3 

801 

833.51 

855. 19 

803 
110 RIVER SURVEYS AND PROFILES OF 1903. [No. 115. 

Elevations on Chippewa River from Reeds Landing, M·inne~ota, along Ohicago, M ilu;aukee 

and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, W·is.-Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

62. 1 

62.2 

62.2 

62.8 

62.9 

62.9 

63 

63 

63.3 

63.8 

63.9 

63.9 

64.31 

64.4 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

.0 

3.7 

5.5 

8 

9.2 

10. 7 

13 

15.7 

15.7 

16.6 

17.9 

19.2 

Surface of water ___________________ .. ____________________ . _ •• 

Spike in base of crossing post .. _______________________________ _ 

Road crossing, top of raiL ___________________________________ _ 

Central Junction, Chicago, 'Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad and 

Wisconsin Central Railroad, switch block at. _________________ _ 

East side of railroad, spike in base of telegraph pole .. __________ . _ 

Road crossing, top of raiL __________________________ ...... _ ... . 

Center of Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad bridge, top of I raiL _________________________________________ .. __________ _ 

Surface of water under bridge. ____ . _____ ... _ ....... _ ........... . 

Junction of Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad and Wisconlilin Central Railroad (main line), top of raiL _______ ...... _ .... . 

Chippewa Falls, 20 feet south of water tank, spike in base of tele- graph pole. _______________________ . __________ . ___ ......... . 

Chippewa Falls, Taylor street crossing, top of raiL ______________ _ 

Chippewa Falls, under bridge, foot of dam, surface of water ___ ... _ 

Chippewa Falls, northeast corner of city building containing fire 

department and city jail, in foundation, bronze tablet marked "840E. C." .. ____________________________________________ _ 

Chippewa Falls, above dam, surface of water _________ .......... . 

[Flying levels by F. T. Fitch, field assistant, Chippewa Falls, up Chippewa River to Flambeau.] 

Highest water mark on record, recorded by Chippewa Falls Lumber and Boom Company, Sept. 10, 1884. ___________ .......... . 

Second highest water mark of Chippewa River, recorded Dec. 3, 

1896 _______ -----------------------------------------------

Lowest water mark of Chippewa River, reading taken at Chippewa Falls. ________________________________________ . _ . _________ _ 

Highway bridge at falls, surface of water. _________ . ____________ _ 

Chippewa Falls, surface of water .. ____________________________ . 

Crest of dam of Chippewa Falls Lumber Company, surfaee of water._ 

Paint Creek Rapids, foot of, north bank of river, 50 feet from water, 

top of bowlder, chiseled square. ________ . __________ ......... __ 

Yellow River, mouth of, surface of water .. ____________ . ________ _ 

Eagle Rapids, foot of, surface of water ____ . ____________________ _ 

Eagle Rapids, head of, surface of water .. ______________________ _ 

Surface of water __ ..•. _______ ... _ . __ ......... _______________ _ 

Foot of rapids, surface of water. ________ . _____________________ _ 

Jim Falls, east side of river at edge of water, nearly opposite Pitch 

Hotel, at foot of rapids, in granite ledge, chiseled square. ________ . 

Surface of water ________________________________ --.----------. 

Head of rapids, surface of water _____________________ .......... . 

Coltons Rapids, foot of, surface of water. ____________ .......... . 

Coltons Rapids7 head of7 surface of water ... _ .. _ .........•...•••• 

Elevation 

in feet. 

805 

840.31 

842.4 

832.4 

832.9 

833.9 

834.03 

805 

840.3 

830.63 

833.7 

807 

840.468 

840 

832 

831 

804 

806 

826 

839 

844.54 

852 

854 

867 

871 

881 

902 

901 

936 

942.2 

945 
HALL AND] HOYT. CHIPPEWA RIVER. 111 

Elevations on Chippewa River, from. Reeds Landing, Minnesota, along Chicago, Milwaukee 

and St. Paul Railroad, to Chippewa Falls, Wis.--Continued. 

Distance 

in miles. 

19.2 

20.2 

22.9 

25. 7 

26.9 

26.9 

27 

28 

29.5 

32.7 

33.2 

33.2 

33.2 

39.7 

43.3 

43.3 

Elevation 

in feet. 

Chas. Richards, near house occupied by, 150 feet south of road 

intersection, at edge of water, rock, chiseled square...... . . . . . . . 947. 40 

Shaw Creek, 400 feet above mouth of, surface of water ..........•........... 

Bob Creek, mouth of, surface of water ... ____ .. __ .. __ .. __ ....... 954 

Chevalley Rapids, foot of, surface of water._ .. _._. ___ .. _........ 961 

Above rapids, surfaee of water. ____ .. _ .. _ ................••.... 

Brunne Falls, at boat landing, west bank of river, below main falls 

and just above Chevalley Rapids, 125 feet south of old house, 50 

feet from water, bowlder 2 feet square, chiseled square ......... . 

Brunne Rapids, foot of, surface of water ..................•.•... 

Brunne Rapids, head of, surface of water .......................• 

Fisher River, mouth of, surface of water .. __ .. _ ... _ ............ . 

Holcombe, foot of rapids, surface of water ....................... . 

Holcombe, foot of dam, surface of water .. __ . ______ .. __ .. __ ...... . 

Above dam, surface of water. __ .. ____ ..... __ .. _ .. __ ... _ ....... . 

South entrance to bridge over flooding dam, 500 feet west of, south 

side of highway, 50 feet south of river, on bowlder in fenee, chiseled square ... __ ... ____ .. ___ . _ .. __ .. _ . __ .. _ ........ _ ...... . 

Deer Tail Creek, mouth of, surface of water __ .. __ ... _ ........... . 

Flambeau, post-office, at intersection of Flambeau and Chippewa 

rivers, on point of land, nail in root of tree ... __ .............. . 

Junction of river.s, surface of water .. _. ___ . __ .. __ .............. . 

966 

984. 19 

967 

993 

995 

1,004 

1,020 

1,036 

1,046.55 

1,036 

1,055. 09 

1,050 

INDEX. 

Page 

Albert Shoals, Ga., water power at._ ...... _ 46 

Alcovy River, Ga., profile of. ... __ ........ __ 56 

survey of and elevations on._._ .... _. __ 55--58 

Andersonville, S. C., survey between Lisbon and ....... --------·........ 29 

survey between Tallulah Falls and .. _ _ 23 

Anniestown Shoals, Ga., water power at . _ 52 

Anthony Shoals, Ga., water power at_ .. __ . 39 

Apalachia, Ga., ~urvey between Hiwassee 

and.-------·--· ...... ·---·...... 81 

Baldwin, D. H., acknowledgments to._._.. 10 

Barnes Shoal, Ga., water power at ... _ .... _ 47 

Bartlett's ferry, Ga., water power near..... 72 

Bell Creek, Ga., waterpower at............ 81 

Bench marks, establishment of __ .. __ . __ ... 9 

Berner, Ga., survey between Highfalls and. 58 

Bert, Ga., water power at and near ... __ ._. 74 

Big Bull Slough, Ga., water power at _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 

Big Creek, Ga., water power near .. ________ 93 

Blairsville, Ga., survey between Murphy 

and ....... ___ ...... __ ........ __ . 87 

Blalock, Ga., survey between Tallulah Falls 

and. . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . 18 

Blantons Ferry, Ga., water power at ....... 71-72 

Bridal Veil Falls, location of............... 18 

Broad River, Ga., profile of ............ __ ... 40 

survey of and elevations on • _ .. _. . . . . . . 39-45 

Brown Shoals, Ga., water power at . _...... 40 

Brunne Falls, Wis., water power at........ 100 

Bryant Shoals, Ga., water power at .... _... 40 

Buffalo River, Tenn., profile of............. 11 

survey of and elevations on ........... _ 10-12 

Bushhead Shoals, Ga., water power at..... 67 

Caldwell, Carrol, work under direction of.. 19, 

24, 29, 36, 40, 83, 89, 94 

Cane Creek, Ga., water power at and near. 82-83 

Carnesville, Ga., survey between Lisbon 

and............................. 39 

Catawba River, N.C., profile of............ 14 

survey of and elevations on ......... __ . 13-17 

Centralhatchee Creek. Ga., water power at. 67 

Charlie Creek, Ga., water power near ..... _ 93 

Chattahoochee, Ga., survey between Franklin and .................... __ . . . 66 

Chattahoochee River, Ga., profiles of. ... 62, 67, 73 

survey of and elevations on ........ _ ... 61-74 

Chattooga River, S. C.-Ga., profile of....... 35 

survey of and elevations on ............ 34-39 

Cherokee Lumber Co., dam of. .......... _._ 81 

Cherokee Shoals, Ga., water power at...... 29 

Page. 

Chestatee, Ga., survey between Sautee and. 61 

survey between Willow and............ 76 

Chestatee River, Ga., profile of. .. ____ .. __ ... 76 

survey of and elevations on . . . . . . . . . . . . 76-81 

Chippewa, Wis., water power at............ 99 

Chippewa Falls, Wis., gage heights at._ .. 101-103 

survey at __ ........... __ .. __ .. __ ...... __ 97-98 

water power at .. __ ..................... 99 

Chippewa River, Wis.-Minn., gage heights 

on ........... __ .. __ ......... __ 101-103 

profile of .......... _.. . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. 103 

survey of and elevations on ........... 97-111 

C1arksville, Ga., survey between View and. 74 

Columbus, Ga., survey between West Point 

and............................. 71 

water power near .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 72 

Connelly Ford, N.C., water power at...... 13 

Connelly Springs, N. U., survey between 

Marion and..................... 13 

Constitution, Ga., survey between Macon 

and............................. 46 

water power near ... __ ........... __ .... 46 

Cowpen Shoals, Ga., falls at ....... _._...... 40 

Crown Gold Mining Co., dam of .......... _ _ 77 

Dames Shoals, Ga., water power at......... 48 

Denton Ford, Ga., water power at ........ __ 18 

Detwiler Slloals, Ga., water power at .... __ 40 

Dial, Ga., survey between McCays and..... 92 

water power near . .. . . .. .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. 93 

Eagle Rapids, Wis., water power at ...... _. 99 

Eau Clair, Wis., water power at and near.. 99 

Ellis, I. R., work of......................... 97 

Fishdam Shoals, Ga., waterpower at....... 39 

Fishtrap Shoals, Ga., waterpower at....... 67 

Fitch, F. T., work of........................ 98 

Fitch, I. T ., work under direction of....... 73 

Flambeau, Wis., survey between Reeds 

Landing and . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .... 97-98 

Flat Shoal, Ga., water power at . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 

Flatwoods, Tenn., survey between Lobelville and........................ 10 

Franck, F. A., work under direction of.... 48, 

52, 56, 59, 62, 67' 75, 78 

Franklin, Ga., survey between Chattahoochee and . . .. . . . .. . ... . .. .. . . .. . 66 

Galloway, Ga., water power at and near.... 93 

Gannett, S. S., acknowledgments to........ 10 

Gannett Bridge, Ga., water power at ....... 76-7'7 

Geoiogical Survey, United States, datums of, 

use of. ......................... . 

113 
114 INDEX. 

Page. 

Goats Rock, Ga., water power at .. :........ 72 

Gregg Shoals, Ga., falls at...... . .... .. .... 29 

Grennells Ford, Ga., water power at........ 77 

Hall, B. M., acknowledgments to.......... 10 

Hall, M. R., acknowledgments to.......... 10 

Hall, W. C., work under direction of....... 13 

Hall Ford, N.C., water power at........... 88 

Hayesville Bridge, Ga., water power at.... 81 

Henderson shoals, water power at . . . . . . . . . 56 

Highfalls, Ga., survey between Berner and. 58 

water power at......................... 58 

Hiwassee River, Ga., profile of............. 82 

survey between Apalachia and . . . . . . . . 81 

survey of and elevations on ............ 81-87 

Holcombe, Wis., water power a.t . . . . . . . . . . . 100 

Houst{:m's ferry, Ga., water power at....... 71 

Howard, R. C., work of..................... 13 

Hurricane Falls, location of............... 18 

Hutchins, Ralph, work of.................. 11 

Indian Fishery Shoals, Ga., water poweT at. 57 

Island Ford, Ga., water power at .......... 81-82 

Island Shoal, Ga., water power at.......... 47 

Jim Falls, Wis., water power at ........... 99-100 

John River Road Ford, N. C., water power 

at............................... 13 

Jones, Oscar, work under direction of...... 11 

Juliette, Ga., water power at ............... 47-48 

Kendall, C. B., acknowledgments to....... 10 

Keys Shoals, Ga., water power at . . . . . . . . . . 47 

Kilpatrick Ferry, Ga., water power near... 83 

Langdale, Ala., water power at............ 71 

Langdon Shoals, Ga., water power at . . . . . . 51 

Landermilk Ford, N.C., water power at... 88 

Laurel Branch, S. C., water power at....... 35 

L'eau D'or Falls, location of................ 18 

Linden, Tenn., water power at............. 10 

Lisbon, Ga., survey between Andersonville 

and............................. 29 

survey between Carnesville and . . . . . . . 39 

Little River, Ga., water power at........... 61 

Lobelville, Tenn., survey between Flatwoods and. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 

water power at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

McCays, Tenn., survey between Dial and.. 92 

water power near .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 93 

McDaniels Shoals, Ga., water power at .... 29,51 

Mcintosh Shoals, Ga., water power at...... 66 

Maderia Shoals, Ga., water power at....... 66 

Maps, showing location of surveys ......... 10,98 

Marion, N. C., survey between Connelly 

Springs and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

Middleton Shoals, Ga., falls at . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 

Milford Shoals, Ga., water power at........ 39 

Milstead, Ga., water power at.............. 52 

Moore Shoals, Ga., falls at.................. 40 

Morgan Ford, Ga., water power near...... 88 

Mountain Island Shoals, Ga., water power 

at............................... 61 

Mud Creek, Ga., water power at . . . . . . . . . . . 61 

Murphy, Ga., water power at and near.... 82 

Murphy, N. C., survey between Blairsville 

and............................. 87 

water power near . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 

New bridge, Ga., water power at . .. .. .. . . . . 77 

Newell, F. H., letter of transmittal by..... 7 

Page. 

Newton Factory Shoals, Ga., water power 

at ............................... 5fr56 

Nottely River, Ga.-N.C., profile of......... 88 

survey of and elevations on ............ 87-92 

Obenshain, S. A., work of.................. 13 

Oceana Falls, location of . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . 18 

Ocmulgee Rive!, Ga., profile of............. 47 

survey of and elevations on . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-51 

O'Hagan, T. B., work of .... 19,U,36,40,83,89,94 

Old Factory Shoals, Ga., water power at ... 74-75 

Old Valley, Ga., water power in . . . . .. .. .. . 18 

Paint Creek Rapids, Wis., water power at.. 99 

Palmer, Joseph, work of.. 48,52, 56,59,62,67, 75,78 

Passmore Ford, Ga., water power at . . . . . . . 81 

Payton Shoals, Ga., water power at........ 40 

Peachstone Shoals, Ga., water power at.... 46 

Pigeon Creek, Ga., water power near...... 93 

Popes Shoals, Ga., water power at.......... 48 

Porter Shoals, Ga., water power at......... 74 

Porterdale, Ga., water power at............ 51 

Redmens Shoals, Ga., water power at...... 66 

Reeds Landing, Minn., survey between 

Flambeau and .................. 97-98 

Reynolds Shoals, Ga., water power at...... 61 

Riverview, Ga., water power at . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 

Ru!<sell, S. C., survey between Tallulah 

Falls and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 

Sallee, W. H., work of...................... 73 

Santee, Ga., survey between Chestatee and. 61 

Savannah River, S. C.-Ga., profile of....... 30 

survey of and elevations on ............ 29-34 

Shallow Ford, Ga., water power at and 

near . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 93 

Shoal Creek, Ga., water power at and near. 82 

Smith Shoal, Ga., water power at........... 47 

Snapping Shoals, Ga., water power at...... 46 

Soque River, Ga., profile of................. 75 

survey of and elevations at ............. 74-76 

water power at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 

South River, Ga., profile of................. 47 

survey of and elevations on . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-51 

Southern States, surveys in, map showing 

location of...................... 98 

Surveys, location of, maps showing.... . . . . 10, 98 

methods of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . 9-10 

objects of............................... 9 

Tallulah Falls, Ga., survey between Andersonville and.................... 23 

survey between Blalock and ...... __ . _. 18 

survey between Russell and .......... _. 34 

Tallulah River, Ga., profile of.............. 19 

survey of and elevations on ............ 18-23 

water power near .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . 18 

Taylor Ferry, Ga., water power near....... 83 

Tempesta Falls, location of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 

Thompson Bridge, Ga., water power at.... 88 

Toccoa River, Ga., profile of................ 93 

survey of and elevations on. . . . . . . . . . . . 92-97 

Towaliga River, Ga., profile of............. 59 

survey of and elevations on . . . . . . . . . . . . 58-60 

Trotters Shoals, Ga .. water power at. ....... 29-30 

Tugaloo River, Ga.-S.C., profile of......... 24 

survey of and elevations on ............ 23-28 

Turners Shoals, Ga., falls at................ 29 

View, Ga., survey between Clarksville and. 74 
INDEX. 115 

Page. Page. 

Waterpower, localities for establishment of, Wilson, H. M., work in charge of . . . . . . . . . . 98 

finding of....................... 9 Wisconsin, surveys in, map showing locaWatkins Bridge Ga., water power at....... 88 tion of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 

Weazel Creek, Ga., water power near . . . . . . 88 Worthville, Ga., survey between Yellow 

West Point, Ga., survey between Columbus River and...................... 51 

and............................. 71 Yellow River, Ga., profile of................ 52 

Willow, Ga., survey between Chestatee survey of and elevations on •.......•... 51-55 

and............................. 76 survey between Worthville and........ 51 

Wilscott Creek, Ga., water power near..... 93 water power at......................... 52 

0 

LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS. 

[Mount each slip upon a separate card, placing the subject at the top of the 

second slip. The name of the series should not be repeated on the series 

card, but the additional numbers should be added, as received, to the first 

entry.] 

Hall, W. Carvel. 

... River surveys and profiles made during 1903, 

arranged by W. Carvel Hall and John C. Hoyt. Washington, Gov't print. off., I905. 

115 p., 1 l. illus., IV pl. (incl. map) diagrs. 23cm. (D. S. Geological 

survey. Water-supply and irrigation paper no. 115) 

Subject series: N, Water power, 10. 

1. Rivers--D. S. 2. Water power-D. S. I. Hoyt, John Clayton, 1874-

joint author. 

Hall, W. Carvel. 

... . .. River surveys and profiles made during I903, 

" i arranged by W. Carvel Hall and John C. Hoyt. Wash- rl) 

ington, Gov't print. off., I905. 

115 p., 1 1. illus., IV pl. (incl. map) diagrs. 23cm. (D. S. Geological 

survey. Water-supply and irrigation paper no. 115) 

Subject series: N, Water power, 10. 

1. Rivers-D. S. 2. Water power-D. S. I. Hoyt, John Clayton, 1874-

joint author. 

U. S. Geological survey. 

Water-supply and irrigation papers. 

no. I I 5· Hall, W. C. River surveys and profiles made 

during I903, arranged by W. C. Hall and 

J. C. Hoyt. I905. 

U. S. Dept. of the Interior. 

see also 

U. S. Geological survey. 





SERIES K-PUMPING WATER. 

WS 1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pls. 

WS 8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. 

WS 14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by 0. P. Hood. 1898. 91 pp., 

1 pl. 

WS 20. Experiments with windmills, by T. 0. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 

WS 29. Wells and windmills in Nebraska, by E. H. Barbour. 1899. 85 pp., 27 pis. 

WS 41. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Pt. I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 72 pp., 14 pis. 

WS 42. The windmill, Pt. II (continuation of No. 41). 1901. 73-147 pp., 15-16 pis. 

WS 91. Natural features and economic development of Sandusky, Maumee, Muskingum, an<! M!.ami 

drainage areas in Ohio, by B. H. Flynn and M.S. Flynn. 1904. 130 pp. 

SERIES L-Q,UALITY OF WATER. 

WS 3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. 

WS 22. Sewage irrigation, Pt. II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on inland water 

resources, by M. 0. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. 

WS 76. Observations on the flow of rivers in the vicinity of New York City, by H. A. Pressey. 1903. 

108 pp., 13 pis. 

WS 79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. 0. Leighton. 1903. 192 pp. 

WS 103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, by E. B. 

Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. 

WS 108. Q,uality of water in the Susquehanna River drainage basin, by M. 0. Leighton, with an introductory cha.pter on physiographic features, by G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 4 pis. 

WS 113. Straw board and oil wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 

BElliES M-GENERAL HYDROGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS. 

WS 56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 

WS 64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

WS 76. Observations on the flow of rivers in the vicinity of New York City, by H. A. Pressey. 1903. 

108 pp., 13 pis. 

WS 80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. 

WS 81. California hydrography, by J. B. Lippincott. 1903. 488 pp., 1 pl. 

WS 88. The Passaic flood of 1902, by G. B. Ilollister and M. 0. Leighton. 1903. 56 pp., 15 pis. 

WS 91. Natural features and economic development of Sandusky, Maumee, Muskingum, and Miami 

drainage areas in Ohio, by B. H. Flynn and M.S. Flynn. 1904. 130 pp. 

WS 92. The Passaic flood of 1903, by M. 0. Leigbt<m. 1904. 48 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, by E. C. Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, 

and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. 

WS 95. Accuracy of stream measurements; revised and eniarged edition of paper No. 64, by E. C. 

Murphy. 1904. 169 pp., 6 pis. 

WS 96. Destructive floods in the United States in 1903, by E. C. Murphy. 1904. 81 pp., 13 pis. 

WS 106. Water resources of the Philadelphia district, by Florence Bascom. 1904. 75 pp., 4 pis. 

WS 109. Hydrography of Susquehanna River drainage basin, by J. C. Hoyt and R. H. Anderson. 1905. 

215 pp., 29 pis. 

SERIES N-WATER POWER. 

WS 24. Water resources of the State of New York, Pt. I, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 92 pp., 13 pis. 

WS 25. Water resources of the State of New York, Pt. II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100-200 pp., 12 pis. 

WS 44. Profiles of rivers, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 62. IIydrography of the Southern Appalachian Mounta.in region, Pt. I, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 

95 pp., 25 pis. 

WS 63. Hydrography of the Southern Appalachian Mountain region, Pt. II, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 

96-·190 pp., 26-44 pis. 

WS 69. Water powers of the State of Maine, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 124 pp., 14 pis. 

WS 105. Water powers of Texas, by T. M. Taylor. 1904. 116 pp., 17 pis. 

WS 107. Water powers of Alabama and water supply of rivers in Mississippi, by B. M. Hall. 1904. 

253 pp., 9 pis. 

WS 109. Hydrography of Susquehanna River drainage basin, by J. C. Hoytand R. H. Anderson. 1905. 

215 pp., 29 pis. 

WS 115. River surveys and profiles made during 1903, arranged by w. C. Hall and J. C. Hoyt. 1905. 

- pp., 4pls. 

[Continued on fourth page of cover.) 

IRR 115-3 
SERIES 0-UNDERGROUND WATERS. 

WS 4. A reconnaissance in southeastern Washington, by I. C. Russell. 1897. 96 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 6. Underground waters of southwestern Kansas, by Erasmus Haworth. 1897. 65 pp., 12 pis. 

WS 7. SePpage waters of northern Utah, by Samuel Fortier. 1897. 50 pp., 3 pis. 

WS 12. Underground waters of southeastern Nebraska, by N.H. Darton. 1898. 56 pp., 21 pis. 

WS 21. Wells of northern Indiann, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis. 

WS 26. Wells of southern Indian!l (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 64 pp. 

WS 30. Water resources of the Lower Pcninsul!l of Michigan, by A. C. r.ane. 1899. 97 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. Lane. 1899. 97 pp., 4 pis. 

WS 34. Geology and water resources of a portion of southeastern South Dakota, by J. E. ~'odd. 1900. 

34 pp., 19 pis. 

WS 53. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, I't. I, by I. C. Russell. 1901. 86 

pp., 10 pis. 

WS 54. Geology and water resources of Nez Perces County, Idaho, Pt. II, by I. C. Russell. 1901. 

87-141 pp. 

WS 55. Geology and water resources of a portion of Yakima County, W!lsh., by G. 0. Smith. 1901. 

68 pp., 7 pis. 

WS 57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Pt. I, by N. IT. Darton. 1902. 60 pp. 

WS 59. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. I, by J. B. Lippincott. 1902. 

95 pp., 11 pis. 

WS 60. Development and application of water in southern California, Pt. II, by J. B. Lippincott. 

1902. 96-140 pp. 

WS 61. Preliminary Jist of deep borings in the United States,. Pt. II, by N.H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. 

WS 67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

B 199. Geology and water resources of the Snake River Plains of Idaho, by I. C. Russell. 1902. 192 

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WS 77. Water resources of Molokai, HRwaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren. 1903. 62 pp., 4 pis. 

WS 78. Preliminary report on artesian basins in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon, by 

I. C. llussell. 1903. 53 pp., Z pis. 

PP 17. Preliminary report on the geology and water resources of Nebraska west of the one hundred 

and third meridian, by N.H. Darton. 1903. 69 pp., 43 pis. 

WS 90. Geology and water resources of part of the lower James River Valley, Sonth Dakota, by J. E. 

Todd and C. M. Hall. 1904. 45 pp., 23 pis. 

WS 101. Underground waters of southern Louisiana, by G. D. Harris; with discussions of their uses 

for water supplies and for rice irrigation, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 98 pp., 11 pis. 

VoS 102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903, by M. L. Fuller. 1904. 522 pp. 

WS 104. The underground waters of Gila Valley, Arizona, by Willis T. Lee. 1904. 71 pp., 5 pis. 

WS 110. Contributions to hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. 

PP 32. Geology and underground 'Vater resources of tile central Great Plains, by N.H. Darton. 1905. 

433 pp., 72 pis. 

WS 111. Preliminary report on underground waters of Washington, by Ilenry Landes. 1905. 85 pp., 

1 pl. 

WS 112. U!lderfiow test in the drainage basin of Los Angeles River, by Homer Hamlin. 1905. 55 pp. 

7 pis. 

WS 114. Underground water of eastern United States, by M. L. Fuller and others. 1905. - pp., 18 pis. 

The following papers also relate to this subject: Underground waters of Arka!'lsas Valley in eastern 

Colorado, by G. K. Gilbert, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Preliminary report on artesian waters of 

a portion of the Dakotas, by N.H. Darton, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Illinois, 

by Frank Leverett, in Seventeenth Annual, Pt. II; Water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank 

Leverett, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; New developments in well boring und irrigation in ea•tern 

South Dakota, by N. H. Darton, in Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Rock waters of Ohio, by Edward 

Orton, in Nineteenth Annual, Pt. IV; Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, 

by N.H. Darton, Bulletin No. 138. 

SERIES P-HYDROGRAPHIC PROGRESS REPORTS 

Progress reports may be found in the following publications: For 1888-89, Tenth Annual, Pt. II; 

for 1889-90, Eleventh Annual, Pt. II; for 1890 91, Twelfth Annual, Pt. II; for 1891-92, 'Thirteenth 

Annual, Pt. III; for 1893-94, B. 131; for 1895, B. 140; for 1896, Eighteenth Annual, Pt. IV, WS 11; for 

1897, Nineteenth Annual, Pt. IV, WS 15, 16; for 1898, Twentieth Annual, Pt. IV, WS 27, 28; for 1899, 

Twenty-first Annual, Pt. IV, WS 35-39; for 1900, Twenty-second Annual, Pt. IV, WS 47-52; for 1901, 

WS 65, 66, 75; for 1902, WS 82-85; for 1903, WS 97-100. 

Correspondence should he addressed to 

THE DIRECTOR, 

IRR 115-4 

UNITED ST.ATES GEoLOGICAL SuRVEY, 

WASHINGTON, D. C.