USACERL Technical Manuscript M-90/02

October 1989

US Army Corps US Army Corps of Engineers of Engineers

Construction Engineering Cold Regions Research &

Research Laboratory Engineering Laboratory

AD-A214 032

ROOFER: A Management Tool For Maintaining

Built-Up Roofs

by:

David M. Bailey

Donald E. Brotherson

Wayne Tobiasson

This paper describes ROOFER, a roofing maintenance management system for built-up roofs being

developed by the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory with the assistance of the

U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory and the U.S. Army Engineering and

Housing Support Center. ROOFER provides building managers with a practical tool for evaluating

built-up roofs, determining maintenance priorities,

and selecting repair strategies that ensure the

maximum return on investment.

ROOFER comprises procedures for dividing the

building rcoT into manageable sections, collecting

and managing inventory information, inspecting and

evaluating condition, and managing networks and D T IC

projects. L CTE

This paper is reprinted with permission from the = i

Technology, 

Proceedings "Putting 

of the 

Roofing 

9th Conference 

Technology 

on 

to 

Roofing 

Work,"

NOV .0 V3198 D

May 4-5, 1989, Gaithersburg, Maryland.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

.A. .4
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The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position, unless so designated by other authorized

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4A162731 AT41 C 044

11 --ILE (Include Security Classificaton)

"ROOFER: A Management Tool For Maintaining Built-Up Roofs" (U)

12 PEPSONAL AUTHOR(S)

Bailey, David M., Brotherson, Donald E., Tobiasson, Wayne

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COSATI CODES 18 SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)

P ELD GROUP SuB-GROuP ROOFER

13 13 built-up roofs

maintenance

19 ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)

This paper describes ROOFER, a roofing maintenance management system for built-up roofs being developed by the U.S.

Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory with the assistance of the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and

Engineering Laboratory and the U.S. Army Engineering and Housing Support Center. ROOFER provides building managers

with a practical tool for evaluating built-up roofs, determining maintenance priorities, and selecting repair strategies that ensure

the maximum return on investment.

R(OFER comprises procedures for dividing the building roof into manageable sections, collecting and managing inventory

information, inspecting and evaluating condition, and managing networks and projects.

This paper is reprinted with permission from the Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Roofing Technology. "Putting Roofing

Technology to Work," May 4-5, 1989, Gaithersburg, Maryland. I/ I

20 DISTRiBUTION AVAILABILTY OF ABSTRACT 21 ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

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US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory

University of Illinois

US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

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PO Box 4005, Champaign, IL 61824-4005

Urbana, IL 61820

Hanover, NH 03755

UNCLASSIFI -
FOREWORD

This article is reprinted with permission from the Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Roofing

Technology, "Putting Roofing Technology to Work," May 4-5, 1989, Gaithersburg, Maryland.

David M. Bailey is a principal investigator at the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research

Laboratory, Champaign, IL; Donald E. Brotherson is the Director of the Small Homes Council at the

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; and Wayne Tobiasson is a principal investigator at the U.S.

Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire.

The work was funded by the Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under project

4A162731AT41, "Military Facilities Engineering Technology"; Task C, "Operations/Management/Repair,"

Work Unit 044, "Roofing Maintenance Management System."

A! ession For

TIS CF,&I DT7lc TAB 0 LUn(,flcanced

By__

._ot strtutl1on/

Av, ahllity Codes

ie, val ad/or

D1st Sp3olal

3
ROOFER: A MANAGEMENT TOOL

FOR MAINTAINING BU~ILTUP ROOFS

DAVID M. BAILEY DONALD E. BROITHERSON WAYNE TOBIASSON

A..krtnm Constr uctioni Ui'e sitv of Illinois U.S. Arms' Cold Regions

Eniginieering Reseatrch Urb ana. Il. Research and Engineering

I l)( )Idt( ry* LaboratIorv

(Jiamnpatign. Ill. H-anover, N.H.

T oiI . at hid sixi(esh lS e 5(1 lige inl)itorvl of build thre samneamrount of information that a project-level deci

iligs ssithl biltuimiious huiltu 1)roof iniiibi-anes. Mlill otis of sioti requires. Whlat is nieededl is a was' of comparing thre con- (lolal ~e being Spent alitiiallv to epi('dl or rcplace these dition of all (if the roofs in thle nietwor)k Using a Consistent

lmo ifsIt hel( past this hlas beenl donc uising incionsistenit evaluation technique. Net W( rk-lex-el in formation is used toi ma n agementr schemnes. 'I here was a ieed for aI ssinat ic develop a rational mneans of repair ing or replacing problem

liroceclure to evaluate these roofs, to dletermnihe priorities roof's within the tnetwork to mieet specific performance lex

and( to select repa ir strategies that would insure thf- nmaxi- els. Short- ai(] long-term plans. can be developed that will mum t I ettirin investment, respond to actual or atnticipated tneeds rather than emplos-

'frespond1( to th~is need. tire U.S. A till C .00111icti n En ing crisis management or spending nuine\ on rooif in less

gil ecri g Research I alml iatorN ii 'A-(FRL). with the as need than others.

slstati(C (if the( U .S Airm (,old Regions Research anid

Enineering Laboratii ( RREL.) and thle U.S. Arms\ Eli- DIVIDING A ROOF INTO SECTONS

gint ir( and H ousing Support C en ei fLSAEHISC) is de- Building roofs, are divided into identifiable secutin, iii order

\cloping RO OFER. a roofing maintenance management to iticrease management efficiency,. Managing roofs at the

s~ steml for buiilt-up roofs. 'Ihis woy k has been aI team effort sectiotn level provides a better mteans of evaluating condinmii l iiig l ootitng expert- fr om ititst r as well as friont othier t ion altdc determnin lg main tellanice and repair needs. For

biaiiclhe o)f the( iiitarv in an "ott the( roof" dyinamic piocess exiuiple: A roof section that is in poor condition w~ill not

ini'i viiig more t han 50) build ings at seven loications.' R()( F- (detract from the condition of aI roof sectioti in good coiidiFR 10ivides lbiuild ing mianagers w%-i ;I practical decisioin. iti ohl the samie bu ildling. and conditions inidicat ing replace.

mi ak inig pir cedite that will ident tif% probleni ti ifs aiid select men i of one sectionm would not necessarily indicate replacelI IIa i Ii i-i iallc (c an~ fIepa-Iir t strategies for roofs With hitntniiious mlent of' the( entire building roof.

Inemianes Roof sections arc getieralls delitneate(] by firewalls, expan- R( 01-lIR ( onipi ises pl ()((e(line- foi dividinig the( building siotijoints or area dhividlers. Areas having (different roofing

im11 ili niatageable sections11. coillectilng and managing ill. systents, differetnt amounts (of roof traffic anid/or roioftop

\eittors intformuationi, itnspection alid coniditioni evaluation. equipment or sigiiificantlv differet o(ccupanicies below the

ne wrkNlarvIgC nenIalt11(1lr pi ct lmnalgement. Ilit taiI iie-s roof are designated into separate sectioins.

mat' (of tilie liighl stu essfill contcept,; developed b\, USA-

(:FRL fit thre PA\VER piavemienit miaintenanice management INVENTORY' AND DATA MANAGEMENT

Systeil ~The roof inventorsN is the foundation oif ROOFER. It provides thle inforinatioti needed h\ engineering personnel to

NETWORK v's. PROJECT select repair techntiques and( tot determine lie siiitabil itv of

.Netx\(Pi K iiaiiageinet is definied as the( process of miaki ng replacement sserns. A well niaiiitained inventorN will pro- dc tsioits regariniig t lie mian iagemnt if ai gToupl of roof sec- vide a history (of each roof sect ion atic a record of roof pet -

tiruis. such ;ts all roof sectionis oti a iiilitans intstallationi (r formiaite that caii he used to determinie which built tip roof

aill i oof sci-ciomi ohI ;t specifii' bulildinig ti pe sti-h as barracks. syiettis are( the( most suitable fot uise onl a particular build.

Pi ijcti 1111iagetleti k isl( th pr1ocess of nmakitng decisio ms tug type or iicciipaicv

tegatding thle iliaitimeitarice and repair of inidividual roof sec. Fr each building. general itnformiatioin concerning build.

tiotis W\hen thiete are jitst a fess roofk to maatge. they c-an ing nattie. titinilir' loationi anid oijatic\ ate (illected. A

bc k ept tiad k (if ott ;I project ba~sis \Whien there ate hliitdieds building roof p~lani is (develophed that show% overall dimen-

(Ii thousands of roofs to) itlaigc. initial (Icciiolis should not siotus and~ identifies each roof section Tbis ilioriltatioti.

hIn ade. otl a lt wctli h% tojec I basisbilt on) ;I tnetwotk Irha- along sili (otita diawitigs. sliecifications. sutiittial and~ sis R( )())V-R pros ides the( tool for ntetwot k dcisiotis as, wsell a-ial Iaiis sas letl;tlsoe nabmlii

as% itc info, Ilation liecc to, intiate pitiiccts. Networ k~-level folder.

illi;iii;ige.iiuen lt dstii.~ all of tIc rools o)If all ill I-or each roof section. data atc collcted ()Iftl te type of

stallatioti. ill a gcogzrapin alif ot eci sets i c-wide. Nlaia~ge struictural fratie. dc k. saiiot teatdlt. imiilatimui. itieiihialle

nien (let iili ;I( iiadc ill .1 geti-lcil %%;I\i and do not tequtire and flashing. WVoi shicet- \\ih checklists afte used lI( elisuiic

uniloruuits inii eptirig. A tfool sectiotn planis Irawnh to, scale

7/uth miu' t)f (hr apah/mo (bi, mpt fmpfm iv, wiflai thr IM0oun onl the( roouf inspcu t ii, w\ot kshiei. show'sin g all phyvsical teaof thtu Ihbrrlmneuf of f/I h An mr i/u-, bI/itmn n1 ofl'eu t res. iau hud itg per timetet (on(itiditn s. rooflop11 eqit ipfent

5
o11( ,i ~eic irns. li amls. s~tiipeier s* vlk% ;i%-, err. Fhik itifli 5. Determrine component condition rating. ['lie c',riditi'n

irirticco is hlen '101 uf in ar scton foldei. ratinng is deterrned froii taible 2.

GIer ring tile iiisertor% data (.-ir 6t_ i frristraiirrg ex<

po-fliit(. Ile Il\Cr-itoi'c itilihi tiitioili 5 btaincid fri;rr ;I %at- NON-DESTRUCTIVE MOISTURE EVALUATION

clvi% ( (cs sti(h a ;is tbtit drawings, ;pe(ificl,)ins ando A complIete evalurationri of an insulated ioofiiigwsstenr ier11iile

.il Iisp~ctii to(Ifithe roof itsclf, Ilre core cluts that irle illatle that thle inisulationrihe iinspected toi determine if excessive

tdetet urie filhe mo isture coirierit of thle insulation should inoisrure is present. Moisture reduces the thermial valuie of*

ilbe u1sed ro seriffv( ru comlpolents of thle roofing svsterrr. tile insulation and mnay also reduce the bond betweenl it anti

Ili msevey ted ic is, tile effort is nreed ed and iminpoirtant sin ce the membrane or (leck. Water in inla~ition adds to thle w eightl

iestoh cii il e fou ndat io ()Ii tire ROO )FER sssterrr. thle strctural systemn mflist sipport and nmav cause corrosion

of* fasteners and deterioration of thle rooting ssern.

INSPE(-rI( )N AND CONDITION EVALUATION 135 using nion destructive moisture evaluration techniqules

Condition Ratinig such as inirired (IR), nuclear or capacitance. areas cit prolca

[ lie conuiidrn rating is lie key, c oinp[oinert oft :rtiv iiiarii ble wet instilarrio2 can lie detertilirned Cicm saimp~les mutst be

terianc(V ii,%ign~ttssteni. lite ROO( FEIR svstenr oses taken to veify thle probable wet areas arid to (lenitie tilte

nfrreec [ctic'oirlitioii indexes: iroistuire content of ,hie insuilation. Knowing fihe Is pe aind

" MC(I-tlc rrrerrrhranle c onditionl index amrounit of wet inlsulation andl( its Imoistulre -onltetj thle insir

" IN [-te flashinv co-rditiocn inrdex lation condition index (WC1) for a section (cair he ( .lcurlatccl.

" ICl-the insftratiin condition index

FacIi 4f thes.e indexes provides au ieasumre )f that i01ur1o- R O O DTO NE

reit 5f- Atbi'% lo peT folili its filiiitioii. thle iveced iev( 'if Tile nierrllrarie. flashing and inscilation cond~ition inidexes

t'cpamin cct tilte pctm tiaot Iviks. Nirnll('i(al inrcexc- ianlg- "Ire ('nibimied to determine tire roorf cond~itioni index R(.1).

fornl it td0 %ith 100 repi eseuitinlig exelilnt condition. f is provides a1 tiseftil inoelhod of evaluating tire ccverai! c-oil.

fleccirrg cat hl cotmrecnenrt separately- provides ar rnw Acrate ditiorr of a root- section and a inretirod of cccrpaiirrg ccudi

3sC~sttr'(t ccA (cmotrnpoet ((ilin nd ivfneded rrrairitctranre tiorrs helween roof se(:tions. rhle RCI allows tire riser to rank

Anid r c-carr. lire MC( I 'ndc P. 1 are dkccrcirred liv visulal in- irikidual roof sectionr, according to their ability to per formn

SPec tic cr. Mid tire ICI: is de~ternrinled IW e- ;~atl c tcir 11(ies Ilie thr ee conmponrenrt indexes (MCI. F(;I aid IC I) hrave

Such1 -IS infra,l elecric (a[)acitarice o)r rireear. a direct relationship to (lencrininirig tihe rieeris f'or main.

teiranc-e anrd repair (Nf&R of- a roof section. Si or ilarlv, thle

Visual Inspection RCI proc ides rin overall indication o4 M&R nreeds.

f ire \f( I arid IdI indtexes for a rof* sect ion at-c based c il Like f ie cotmrporrent indtexes, the RCI is based oii the satire

the cIrrartintv. Sesem itv aid tx pe cif cdisttesses presetit cir tilt- scale cf 0 to 10(0, us ith [100 indicating that fOnly rotie irrairiroot sec tic d teriarce is nreetdedi. It is calculated liv giving the greatest

Fire %Iquai rspecticcr techrrique. . dlistress 11rarriral aird weight to tire conmponrent with thle lowest coniditiocn iiidex

cio t1:r1i rI ic pt ~i(lii C inCdescrilied e ill (detail ill ('SA aird a lesser weight to tire remiainirng indexes. For ar root se(.

(I.Ri. li-din c.Al Repcut t Nf~Il . 371. ''Menibryrre arid Flashing tiorr with irnsuilation, the lowest cif tilie three indexes has 7(0

crclditn r I ii dexfes fc in Br ift V.p Roo fs. Volmenr If: Inspect hin percent of tire weighting anid tire othrer two inidexes each have

iric(i IDisti css \faniti" 15 I)Ctcen of the weigh tinrg. Fabl e 3 lists thre qualitative c-onIFic 5,t('[) ire( hfollowerd in tire proceditre: clition ratings associated with the RCI.

1. Deterrmine type. severity and quantity of distress. lie

tS i e'eit arid particuilar defect for each distress is dfe- NETWORK MANAGEMENTI

flil-i it ire( 'ns[)ctiol indl Distress Mlanual." Six flash Network riranragerierrt uses tire collected irrfrrnratioir to die

rig cli stresses an d 10( trieynri icr distresses are idenrtiftied velop I onrg-ranrge bridget projectionis arid work requi Ienerr

l~icl I) ard0lW. rurediurr in nd highr scet erNtS levels oif dis. for tire nietwork.

tres s ;ire descibed. For a typical (listless such as 1)1isrers. lihe ROO( FER program can genrt a res rif reprorts

:iediun fo% arid high levels are described (Figure 1), anti for making nretwork management decisions Thlese tepoirts

eight Color photogia rcs are ursedi to illtustrate thle descri p. include:

';c)t Fire ielirrd 'if iriersuiing tire distress tletsitv is Section Inventory List If';( defined. ( a)ilor [pho~tographis are ursedi throuighout tire [Tre sectionr invenir list report (Figutre 1) ptovitles a list

rrtrilor illusistale lte otiher 15 distresses. ftl treetol etin.orahscinietp 2. Determ f ine deduct values for each distress. IDenluic i r tire i-ee ofscin.F ahscin iep eo 13ltiPs for each1 dlist ress arid sever it-, level are dietermni ted rnietmran i rrsuriatin, andf deck as well as r-oof slope[c andi

fromn .1 series cif ciihrrts simnilar to Figure 2.area are provided.

IL Determine corrected total deduct value, lire (ldtimt Inspection Scheduling ':rlires .rre enteredi i the nocif section rating form., ltl(1 Ilre itisl)Ctifitl sthilChlC reportt is tl5Cel to prpare a plan

.1 ' -cedi dedlict salire is deterinred rising a (ot rec for scheduling h-irmnre ROO( FER irrspec tinrs (oftrodif sectionrs

it'"r (hli"t thai rakes inrto accoirilirtre effect ofi rirriltiple based curt tire RCI. Irel report prodties a [plotcndtt list of

dinsrrsses Iigre3) rirlefrcdf seclions toble irispe( led dfilring tire next tlrree %-ears 4. Determine component condition index. [Ire uoitiion for all rift hel roofc sectidoirs 'if a particr ilarlii bildinig urse. rIrleir

riunle 1s ' ilcurlateCd by SribrrTaCtirg tire ((irrected(l (htflCt brarre tspe or section area.

6
Condition Frequency REFERENCES

Th le conrditiont frequetic% report infotris management of tile 'Shahin, MY., Bailey, D.M., Brotherson. D.E. and "Membrane and

current condition of the roof network arid helps plan for Flashing Condition Indexes for Built-Up Roofs, Volume 1: De.

future maintenance arid repair. The' roof sections included v'elopment of the Procedure:' Technical Report M-87113, U.S. Army

iii the report carl he Selected I)' huilding use, nretbrane, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USA-CERL),

insulation andlor deck tvpe, roo If slope, section area or age. September 1987.

JThe report lists, hN scctiotr anid area, the number and per- 'Shiahin, MY. and Kohn, S.D., "Pavement Maintenance Manage.

centages for thle different RCI ranges anid provides a graphi. merit for Roads and Parking Lots:' Technical Report M 294, U.S.

cal plot of thle freqrrierrc- of occurrences. Figure 5 is a typical Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (lISAreport for a group of buildings at a mil itary installation. CERL), October 1981.

Using the different selection options, the effects of con- Shahin, MY., Cation, K.A. and Broten, M.R.. "Micro PAVER Con.

ditiotis such as deck type. insulation type or slope on o~ver- cept anid Decvetopment, Airport Pavement Management System:,

all conchition can be examined. Report No. I)(JIFAAIPM 8717, Federal Aviation Administration

Roof Condition Index (FAA), Jul 1987,

Thet roof coniditionm index report (Figinme 6) lists roof sections 'Shiahin. MY.. Bailey. D.M. and Brotherson, D.E., "Membrane and

arrt coipoentindxesin r de ofinceasng CI.The Flashing Condition Indexes for Built-Lp Roofs, Volume I1L In- and ompnentindxes n oierf icreaingRCI.The spection anid D~istress Manual: Tfechnical Report M-87113, U.S. report can l)e sorted based on building rose, membrane, in- Am Cnt

sltodeck tvpe. roof slope, section area or age to pro- ArwCntuctionr Engineering Research Laboratory (USAvide niariagener ,it with the background infor mfation needed EhSetmr197

to select atid prioriti7C roof V'-4760r1s for maintenance anid 'Ibbiasson, W. and Korhonen, C., "Roof Moisture Surveys: 'resterrepair. The RCi, building rise arid age, as well is availaible da%, Todav and Tomnorrow," CRREL Miscellaneous Paper 2040,

buidget, proid~e the criteria for project selection. September 1995.

Project Management ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Project rnatiagenrent uses; tile three compIonent cotndit ion The auithors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Mio

irldlexCS atrid distress data that were determined for a section hanred Shahin, 1'SA-CERL Champaign. ILl_ Mr. John Bi aoford,

to pryo% ide valuiable in!ormration regarding the condition of Bradford Roofing and Insulation Co., Billings, MT. and Mr. Dwight

the roof section anid required maintenance anid repair. This Jennings, INSPEC, Minneapolis, MN, who were key members of

infomatin cmbied wen wth ife-N~c prdicionscan thre development team. They participated inl field testing and valib iform ton wenf cM bialerwith ives. l re iton dation efforts. The following team members are also recognized

he ued MR o ateratiesfor ientfy their contributions and assistance: Mr. Robert Alumbaugh,

Field Tests Navy Civil Engineer ing Laboratory (NCEL): Mr. Mark de Ogburn,

Field tests, of thle ROOFER program were performed at Ft. Southern [Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command

Mleade last yea, -anid piTelimininr finding,; indicate thtat the (S(JU1FINA\'FACENGCOMf); Mr. Dennis Firman, Air Force En.

usedfordat colecton rid groecting and Services Center (AFESC): Mr. Ed Hutum, NCEL; ssvstetii works wvell. Thre forms usdfrdtacletonai Al Knehans, USAEHISC; Mr. Mver Rosenfield. USA-CERI; and the tlriciocorpriter program for arialyirg the data provid- Mo. Tom Wallace, Northern Division Naval Facilities Engineering eti the plannrintg fot long ranige repair atid replacerient of Command (NORTH NAVFACENGCOM).

thre hbuiltutp roof nietwo~rk at Ft. Mleade They did riot present any problems to the contractor performing the work. ______________________________

Flashing Membrane

CONCLUSIONS Base Flashing Blisters

T his paper has described a comprehensive management s, ealCp lshn Rde

tern for bruIlt tip toof sy-stens, 'The procedures presented a ,re MeaCpFlsigRds

being prorgrammied fo; microcornpriter use as part of tile Embedded Edge Metal Splits

ROOFE.R program. Inventor, inspect onl, condition evalua. Flashed Penetrations Holes

troll air(d network managemnrt techri lues have been deve- Pitch Pans Surface Deterioration

loped. anid thre systemn has been designed to enable the Drains and Scuppers Slippage

irporat (HI of oither low%-slope romofinig sy'stemns itt the fir Patching * tite R(OOFFER will he available to private industry through D~ebris and Vegetation a rrilrgovertinient distribution agelny Equipment Supports

Pondling

Table I Built up roofing drstresems
Condition Index Rating BLISTERS

Excellent Description: Blisters are round or

86 - 100 Ver G~ood elongated raised areas of the

71 - 85membrane that are tilled with air.

%- 70 oo Note. Blisters and ridges are

4- 55 Fail uitficult to differentiate at the low ~ -Blister between plies

26 - 40 POOr and medium sT.,rity !evels. The

11- 5 Ver'% Poor rating error will be insignificant beo - to ~Failed cause ofthe similarity in the deduct ___________

curves. At high severity. however, it

Tjbk 2is important to distinguish between

the two distresses due to their Graphic Representation ______________________________________________ different leak potentials of Blister

RC Roofit Conitiels:in

86 -1001 Routine Mtaintena~nce Svrt ees

71 7,8 Minoi Repairs Needed Low:

56 7)Nioitciatr IcaTNee . The raised areas are noticeable by vision or feel The surtacingis

7u Rpais Nededstill in place and the tells are not exposed.

41 55 MaiNtim Repairs Needed

26 -40l Rcrnlacerlient Pr obable Medium:

1. The felts are exposed or show deterioration.

11 2:7 Replaicemient Needed

01 - 1(o Replacement Critical High:

1. The blisters are broken.

Table 3 lirmtentincr and rrpait recomnrdaliami

Measurement:

1, Measure the length and width of the blister in lineal feet and calculate the area (length times width). If the distance between individual blisters is less than 5 feet, measure the entire affected area in

square feet.

2, When large quantities of this problem are present (especially on

large roots), the representative sampling technique can be used

Density: A x 100 = Problem Density

B

where A = total area of membrane blisters (sq It)

B = total area of roof section being rated (sq ft)

Note: The problem density is calculated for each existing severity level.

Figure I 1)usotexi deirriparoi and( siit flC Icve/.u [oi bli.ifer,%

BLISTERS (BL) MEMBRANE

too H

90

s0

WJ 70 1 fl I il I I l I I J M

D- il l

_js

* 0 f II I l I I Il i A

W 300I

20 .. L .

0

0.01 501 1 to 50 100

DISTRESS DENSITY-PERCENT

Figure 2 I)rdu( r'alr rinwrre bfri 1ii
> _________________________ DATE SIFIXI/IIPI I PCI FREQUENCY PLOT I FAGE

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Figure 6 RCI FrfI~or

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An1N CECWV NAVFAC

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AI'IN CI ii'W I, Ft. Sam Hoiuston AMC 78234 AIN: Facilities Engr Cmd (9)

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AlIl N C7 II C Fitzsimons ANC 80045 ATTN: Naval Civil Engr Lab (3)

Al I1N CFE C-C AIIN: IISIIG-DEII AYTN Naval Constr Battalion Cur

A71 N CEI-I: Walter Reed ANIC 20307

" N-'. CR RI) AT FN: Facilities Engineer Engineering Societies Library

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Al IN Cl RI) N INSCOM -Ch, Inst. Div.

Al FN (1- RNI ArLington Hlall Station (4) 22212 National Guard Bureau 20310

N Ft N l)A[ N- 1/1 AIN: Facilities Entguncer Installation Divisiont

AlIl N l)AEN-/CI Vint Hill Farms Station 22186

Al I7N DAI- 1(5 ATTN: IAV-DEIl US Government Printing Office 2230-4

Al IN l)AI N A /7 Receiving/Depository Section (2)

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Oaklann Army Base 940126

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A Vt 2Sunny I hrr~ Put MOT 28461

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Al FN 1)111 Oklina~a 96131 A1VFN British Liaiscim Officer

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Area Enrgieer, AEDC (AreAI Office ATTN: iiagr Studies Center

Arno~ld Air Io~rce Station. FN 37389 ATTN: Engr Topographic Lab

ATTN AT/A 11.SW 416t Ungi neer C aotardi (V,185 ATTN STRB li-ILURE

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I'S Ntlitary Academy 10966

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