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2009 Billings and Great Falls, Montana, Carbon Monoxide

MOVES2010b On-Road Mobile Emissions Modeling

BACKGROUND

In 2011, the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (Department), Air Resources 

Management Bureau, proposed revising two state carbon monoxide (CO) Limited Maintenance 

Plans (LMPs). The revisions would involve alternative CO methods rather than the application of 

traditional gaseous analyzer for determining compliance with the CO National Ambient Air 

Quality Standards (NAAQS). The LMPs concern the CO maintenance areas in Billings and Great 

Falls, Montana (MT). The Department submitted the proposal to the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (USEPA) on July 13, 2011 with updated 1996 emission inventories (EIs) to 

2009 levels for each respective CO maintenance area. The updated EIs primarily used 

surrogates such as population for the area sources, except for onroad mobile emissions. In this 

case, annual average daily traffic (AADT) volume increases from 1996 to 2009 from the 

Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) automatic traffic recorders (ATR) located in 

each community were used to project the CO emissions. The 1996 Billings on-road mobile CO 

emissions were grown by 14.4% based on the ATR data whereas the corresponding Great Falls 

CO emissions were grown by 6.3% (MDEQ, 2011a, 2011b). The USEPA did not agree with this 

methodology since the agency believed the CO emissions should decrease over time due to 

cleaner vehicle fleet turnover. In 2013, the USEPA informed the Department to use the current 

on-road mobile emissions model, Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES), to estimate the 

vehicle emissions using actual county vehicle registration data. In response, the Department 

used the latest MOVES model, version 2010b, with the 2010 Cascade County (Great Falls) and 

Yellowstone County (Billings) vehicle registration data. These datasets were the only county 

vehicle registration data available at that time. With USEPA concurrence, the Department 

assumed these data were equivalent to their respective 2009 county vehicle registration data.

The on-road mobile emissions model and relevant information are located on the USEPA 

website, http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/index.htm.

The CO maintenance areas within each community are significantly different in size. The Billings 

CO Maintenance Area is approximately 35 square miles (mi2) encompassing the Billings urban 

area. The CO SLAMS (State and Local Monitoring Stations) monitor in Billings was the St Luke’s 

(Site ID #30-111-0085); this monitor operated at the intersection of 2nd Avenue North and 

North 32nd Street from 2004 to 2011. The Great Falls CO Maintenance Area is approximately 4 

miles long and 1 block wide on 10th Avenue South, between 2

nd and 54th Streets South. This 

road is also U.S. Routes 87 and 89, and State Routes 3 and 200. The CO monitoring SLAMS 

monitor (Site ID #30-013-0001) was located on this road and operated from 2001 through 2011. 

Maps of the Billings and Great Falls CO Maintenance Areas are located in Appendices A.1 and 

A.2, respectively.

The Department contacted the MDT to provide the various MOVES input parameters such as 

vehicle miles traveled (VMT) for each CO maintenance area for the year 2009. The MDT can 

determine many of the MOVES parameters using a travel demand model, in this case, 
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TransCad® version 6.0 software by Caliper Corporation (http://www.caliper.com/). This 

software combines geographic information systems (GIS) with the most current and 

sophisticated transportation planning and management tools. To facilitate the transportation 

modeling, the Department provided MDT the GIS layers for both CO maintenance areas to 

determine the daily VMTs (DVMT) within each respective CO maintenance area. Unfortunately, 

the MDT provided only the 2010 DVMTs by High Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) road 

classification; the Department assumed the 2010 DVMTs were equivalent to the corresponding 

2009 DVMTs. The MDT classifies the 10th Avenue South in Great Falls as an urban arterial 

whereas the MDT classifies the Billings CO Maintenance Area roadways as interstate, urban 

arterials, urban collectors, and urban locals without any rural roadways. For clarification, the 

Department did provide MDT a list of specific variables to model with TransCad necessary for 

input into MOVES including the following:

 Annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by HPMS road class

 Annual VMT by HPMS vehicle type

 Speed distribution by road type, hour, and vehicle type

Since the MDT data was limited, alternative sources of data were explored. One source was the 

2012 Missoula Long Range Transportation Plan Update for Missoula, MT. The 2012 Missoula

LRTP incorporated CO and PM10 modeled emissions from MOVES2010a for the Missoula CO 

Maintenance and PM10 Nonattainment Areas, respectively; PM10 is defined as particulate 

matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns and less. The Missoula PM10 

Nonattainment Area is smaller and resides within the Missoula CO Maintenance Area and 

encompasses more urban Missoula area, however, there were little differences between the 

MOVES inputs for the two Missoula areas. Maps of the Missoula CO Maintenance and PM10 

Nonattainment Areas are located in Appendices A.3 and A.4, respectively. The Missoula Office 

of Planning and Grants, Transportation Planning Division, used TransCad to develop the MOVES 

inputs for the 2012 Missoula LRTP and contracted LSA Associates, Inc., Irvine, California, to 

perform the associated MOVES modeling using the 2010 Missoula County vehicle registration 

data. Another source of MOVES inputs were the national default data within MOVES which are 

primarily based on old 1990 and 1999 data. The model uses internal growth factors to project 

these data to the model year of interest (EPA, 2010a). Rather than use these national defaults 

for missing data, the Department believed the Missoula PM10 Nonattainment Area MOVES 

inputs were more representative of both Cascade and Yellowstone Counties than the national 

defaults and therefore, applied the relevant data inputs from the Missoula PM10 MOVES 

modeling for the missing data; these associated Missoula PM10 MOVES input will be referred 

as the 2012 Missoula LRTP data in this document. The MOVES on-road mobile emissions model 

was applied according to the following guidance:

 Using MOVES to Prepare Emission Inventories in State Implementation Plans and 

Transportation Conformity: Technical Guidance for MOVES2010, 2010a and 2010b

(USEPA, 2010b)

 Using MOVES in Project-Level Carbon Monoxide Analyses (USEPA, 2010c)
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 Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES): User Guide for MOVES2010b (USEPA, 2012)

 User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor Model

(USEPA, 2003)

The USEPA reviewed the proposed Department MOVES modeling methodology and the agency 

concurred with the Department approach.

MOVES 2010b MODELING INPUTS

The individual MOVES 2010b model inputs for both CO maintenance areas are addressed in the 

following main sections: the navigation panel and the County Data Manager (CDM); the CDM 

allows a user to import county-specific data.

MOVES NAVIGATION PANEL:

Scale: County; each county was individually modeled. 

Time Span: Year = 2009; Months = January; Days = Weekdays; Hours = All hours.

In Montana, the highest CO concentrations occur during the wintertime weekday along 

roadways from on-road vehicle exhaust emissions.

Geographic Bounds: Montana, Cascade (Great Falls)/Yellowstone Counties (Billings).

Vehicle Equipment, On-Road Vehicles: Fuels = Diesel and Gasoline; Source Use Types = All 

vehicles type and fuel type combinations except for the following: Motorcycle, Gas only; 

Combination Long-haul Truck and Intercity Bus, Diesel Only. These three cases are MOVES 

defaults (NYDOT, 2014).

Road Type: Cascade (Great Falls) = Off-Network (1) to account for start emissions and Urban 

Unrestricted (5); as discussed previously, the Great Falls CO Maintenance Area is 1 block wide 

by about 4 miles long on 10th Avenue South and the MDT classifies this road as an urban

arterial. 

Yellowstone = Off-Network (1) to account for start emissions, Urban Restricted or interstate (4),

and Urban Unrestricted (5); Urban Unrestricted can represent urban arterials, urban collectors, 

and urban locals which all occurred within the Billings CO Maintenance Area and MDT did not 

identify any rural roads.

Pollutants and Processes: CO

 Running Exhaust (MOVES process ID 1 for MOVES Road Types 4 and 5)

 Start Exhaust (MOVES process ID 2 for MOVES Road Type 1)

 Crankcase Running Exhaust (MOVES process ID 15 for MOVES Road Types 4 and 5)

 Crankcase Start Exhaust (MOVES process ID 16 for MOVES Road Type 1)
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Extended idling such as overnight idling of long-haul trucks does not occur within either 

maintenance areas so these emissions were not considered; the relevant MOVES process IDs 

are 17 and 19.

Manage Input Data Sets: NONE; the County Data Manager was used.

Strategies: NONE; currently, the state does not have a retrofit emissions equipment control 

program and rate of progress only applies to State Implementation Plans (SIPs) analysis for 

certain ozone nonattainment areas.

Output: Mass Unit = Grams, Miles. 

Output Emissions: Hour and County; Activity = Distance Travelled; for All Equipment/Fuel 

Categories = Emission Process; On Road = Road Type.

Advanced Performance Features: NONE; not required for SIP or regional transportation 

conformity and used for long model runs times.

MOVES COUNTY DATA MANAGER (CDM):

Age Distribution and Source Type Population: The 2010 county vehicle registration data for each 

county (the only county registration data available) was used for these variables and the 

Department assumed that the data were equivalent to their respective county 2009 vehicle 

registration data. There were three common vehicle types between the county data and 

MOVES source types: motorcycle, passenger car, and school bus. In the county registration 

database, four different weights were recorded: Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), Gross Curb 

Weight, Vehicle Weight, and Declared Gross Vehicle Weight. Only certain groups of weight data 

were available for different vehicles. The Department developed each registration dataset into 

the MOBILE6 16 vehicle classes; MOBILE6 was the predecessor to the MOVES model. Since the 

MOBILE6 vehicle registrations classifications are based on GVW ratings, the vehicles were first 

classified based on this rating. The remaining vehicles were grouped according to their 

maximum weights with professional judgement into the 16 MOBILE6 vehicle classes. These 

classes were further delineated into the 25 model year (MY) MOBILE6 age categories. The 

vehicles 1985 MY and older vehicles were classified as group 24, then sequentially to group 0 

(newest) which contained the 2009 and 2010 MY vehicles. Using an USEPA worksheet tool, the 

25 MOBILE6 age distribution dataset was converted into the MOVES 31 MY age categories and 

13 vehicle types. The worksheet tool, RegistrationDistributionConverter_Veh16, was obtained 

from the following USEPA MOVES tools website: 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/tools.htm#mobile6inputs. Although there were more 

age classes in the MOVES age distribution profile, the oldest 3 to 4 age classes (28 through 30) 

were generally represented by zeros (0) from the normalization of the data in the previous MY 

classes. 

The Source (vehicle) Type Population variable determines the start and idle emissions 

calculated by MOVES. The MOBILE6 vehicle types were converted into the MOVES vehicles 
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using Table A.1 in the MOVES technical guidance (USEPA, 2010b). The results of the vehicle 

class distribution from MOBILE6 to MOVES for both counties are listed in Appendix B.

Average Speed Distribution (speed distribution by road type, hour, and vehicle type): The MDT 

could not provide this information; therefore, two options were available: (1) national defaults 

and (2) 2012 Missoula LRTP. As discussed previously, the 2012 Missoula LRTP was considered 

more representative of the CO maintenance areas than national defaults so this was the source 

of the average speed distribution data, specifically, the corresponding Missoula PM10 

Nonattainment Area MOVES inputs. The complete 2012 Missoula LRTP PM10 Nonattainment 

Area average speed distribution was used for the Billings CO Maintenance Area since all urban 

road types occurred in both areas. 

For the Great Falls CO Maintenance Area, another method was used since this CO area is 

restricted to a single urban arterial (MOVES road type 5). The posted speed limit on this road is 

35 miles per hour (mph). The average MOVES bin for this speed is Speed Bin #8 which 

corresponds to a speed range of 32.5 to 37.5 mph. The Missoula PM10 average speed 

distribution was used as a template; any fraction of speed that occurred in the Missoula PM10 

speed distribution greater than Speed Bin #8, was normally distributed to the fractions in Speed 

Bins #1 (2.5 mph) through #8 (35 mph).

For both CO maintenance areas, off-network road type average speed distribution data did not 

exist since this road type represents the start and crankcase start emissions. 

Fuel Types and Technologies: Originally, the distribution of the fuel type would be determined 

from each respective county vehicle registration data. The county registration data noted the 

different fuel types: gasoline, diesel, flexible fuel, gasohol, electric, liquefied petroleum gas 

(LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), hybrid, and solar; gasoline and diesel were the 

overwhelmingly dominate fuel types. However, after examining the fuel data, the data did not 

seem reasonable; for example, gasoline fuel usage existed in the Combination Long-haul Trucks 

vehicle category which in the MOVES model is not a viable option; therefore, the MOVES 

default file was used.

Fuel (Formulation and Supply): The state does not have an ethanol refinery or production 

facility at this time; however, the communities of Missoula and Billings do have the capacity to 

blend ethanol into gasoline. Missoula is the only community in Montana that has a wintertime 

oxygenated fuel program required in the Missoula CO Maintenance Area; oxygenated fuel is 

sold in Missoula from November 1 through February 28 

(http://www.co.missoula.mt.us/airquality/AbouttheAirProgram/Regulations/Ch10Sub1Oxygen

atedFuels.pdf). According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) State Energy Data 

System, about 6.4% of gasoline consumed in Montana contained denatured ethanol in 2009 

(http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.cfm?sid=MT#Consumption); therefore, it 

was assumed 10% of the gasoline sold in both communities was ethanol-based during the 2009 

wintertime. Appendix C lists the gasoline, ethanol, and diesel fuel formulations used for both 

Great Falls and Billings CO Maintenance Areas; most of the data in this table were obtained 
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from the 2012 Missoula LTRP. However, since the 2012 Missoula LTRP used MOVES2010a 

compared to the more current version, the fuel properties, t50 and t90, are now required 

MOVES input values. These parameters indicate the temperature (Fahrenheit, F) when 50% and 

90% of the fuel is vapor which affects the hydrocarbon exhaust emissions, not important in this 

analysis. These parameters were arbitrarily set to 192.423 and 304.466, respectively. Finally, 

the 2012 Missoula LRTP was the source of the fuel supply parameters.

Meteorological Inputs: Ambient air temperature and relative humidity data were required for 

MOVES input. The daily minimum and maximum ambient temperature data from a National 

Weather Station in each city (Billings Logan International Airport and Great Falls International 

Airport) for the month of January 2009 was obtained from the following website: 

http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/qclcd/QCLCD. The weekend data was excluded and the remaining 

data was used with the USEPA tool Meteorological Data Converter Mobile6 spreadsheet 

obtained from the MOVES tool website. This tool developed the MOVES meteorology 

(ZoneMonthHour) variable for a 24-hour period. For the Billings airport, the minimum and 

maximum average ambient temperatures for January 2009 were 21.5 and 41.3° F (degrees 

Fahrenheit), respectively, whereas the corresponding Great Falls data were 17.2 and 39.6° F, 

respectively. Relative humidity is an important variable for CO only when the ambient 

temperatures are above 75° F so this variable was set arbitrary to 50% relative humidity (Choi 

et al., 2010).

Ramp Fraction: The MOVES ramp default is 8% of the urban restricted (interstate) road vehicle 

hours traveled; this default was used for the Billings CO Maintenance Area only since the Great 

Falls Maintenance Area does not encompass any interstate roadways.

Road Type Distribution (RoadTypeDistribution): This variable pertains to the fraction of source 

(vehicle) type VMT on different road types. The MDT provided the VMT by road type for each 

community area of interest, but the MDT did not provide this information by source so the 

2012 Missoula LRTP was used for this parameter.

Vehicle Type VMT, VMT by HPMS vehicle class (HPMSVTypeYear): This parameter describes how 

much a vehicle type travels on public roads. The annual VMT by the 6 HPMS vehicle types by 

year, month, day, and hour were required input which the MDT did not provide. In this case, 

the associated Excel workbook for the 2012 Missoula LRTP was used as the best estimate for 

both CO maintenance areas; however, this parameter was modified. Table 1 lists the HPMS 

data for the Missoula PM10 Nonattainment Area and the corresponding percentage of the total 

annual HPMS by vehicle type (source).

Table 1: 2010 Missoula PM10 Nonattainment Area HPMS Data.

HPMS Vehicle Type Description HPMSBaseYearVMT Percentage

(%)

10 Motorcycle 2,316,103 0.9

20 Passenger Car 107,120,215 41.5
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HPMS Vehicle Type Description HPMSBaseYearVMT Percentage

(%)

30 Passenger and 

Light Commercial Truck 109,445,105 42.5

40 Bus 1,630,666 0.6

50 Single Short-haul Truck and 

Single Long-haul Truck 7,845,595 3.0

60 Combination Short-haul Truck and 

Combination Long-haul Trucks 29,677,783 11.5

Total 258,035,467 100.0

The MDT provided the DVMTs for each maintenance area as listed in Table 2. 

Table 2: MDT TransCad 2010 DVMTs1for the Billings and Great Falls CO Maintenance Areas.

Billings CO Maintenance Area

Road Type DMVT

Interstate 158,186

Principal Arterials 710,400

Minor Arterials (non-interstate) 234,329

Urban Arterials 126,285

Local 127,847

Total 1,357,047

Great Falls CO Maintenance Area

Road Type DMVT

Principle Arterials (non-interstate) 125,383

1

DVMTs = daily vehicle miles traveled.

The Department assumed the percentages listed in Table 1 were applicable to both CO 

maintenance areas. The total Billings and Great Falls DMVTs in Table 2 were multiplied by 365, 

as suggested by MDT, to develop the total annual VMTs for each area, then the fractions were 

applied to develop the HPMS type population used in the MOVES modeling in each respective 

CO area.

I/M Programs (IMCoverage): NONE; a state vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) program 

has never existed in the state. 

RESULTS

The results from the MOVES on-road emissions modeling for both the Billings and Great Falls 

CO Maintenance Areas are presented based on road type, depending upon the maintenance 
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area: Off-Network (1), Urban Restricted or interstate (4), and Urban Unrestricted (5). The 

MOVES road type Urban Arterial (5) can also represent urban arterials, urban collectors and 

urban locals. These road type emissions were further delineated by the CO emission process: 

start exhaust, crankcase start exhaust, crankcase running exhaust, and running exhaust.

To determine the on-road CO mobile emissions, daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) data were

required; the MDT provided these data as listed in Table 2.

Billings CO Maintenance Area: The MOVES modeling results for the Billings CO Maintenance 

Area are listed in Table 3.

Table 3: 2009 Billings CO Maintenance Area MOVES Modeling Results.

Road Type MOVES Road Type Process Description CO

(grams per wintertime weekday)

Off-Network

1 2 Start Exhaust 60,105,020.70

1 16 Crankcase Start Exhaust 7,487.54

Urban Interstate

4 1 Running Exhaust 4,613,994.81

4 15 Crankcase Running Exhaust 1,666.19

Urban Arterial, 

Collectors, and 

Local

5 1 Running Exhaust 40,499,812.70

5 15 Crankcase Running Exhaust 15,239.45

Total 105,243,221.39

A total of 105,243,221.39 grams (g) of CO was emitted per winter weekday (day) in the Billings 

CO Maintenance Area. The MOVES results also included the total distance traveled in miles per 

wintertime weekday (1,403,459 VMT/day). By dividing the total wintertime weekday emissions 

by the total wintertime weekday distance traveled (105,243,221.39 g/day ÷ 1,403,459

VMT/day), the amount of grams of CO emitted per vehicle mile (74.99 g/VMT) was calculated. 

The MDT provided the daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) within the CO maintenance 

(1,357,047 DVMT). By multiplying the DVMT and CO emissions per VMT (1,357,047 DVMT x 

74.99 g/VMT), the total grams (101,764,954.53 g) of CO emitted per day was calculated. By 

converting the mass into tons, 112.18 tons of CO per wintertime weekday was emitted in the 

thirty-five mi2of the Billings CO Maintenance Area.

Great Falls CO Maintenance Area: The MOVES modeling results for the Great Falls Maintenance 

Area are listed in Table 4.

Table 4: 2009 Great Falls CO Maintenance Area MOVES Modeling Results.

Road Type MOVES Road Type Process Description CO

(grams per wintertime weekday)

Off-Network 1 2 Start Exhaust 39,352,582.50
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Road Type MOVES Road Type Process Description CO

(grams per wintertime weekday)

1 16 Crankcase Start Exhaust 4,891.41

Urban Arterial

5 1 Running Exhaust 27,041,279.16

5 15 Crankcase Running Exhaust 10,070.67

Total 66,408,823.74

A total of 66,408,823.74 grams (g) of CO per wintertime weekday (day) was emitted in the 

Great Falls CO Maintenance Area. The MOVES results also included the total distance traveled 

in miles per wintertime weekday (731,153 VMT/day). By dividing the total wintertime weekday 

emissions by the total wintertime weekday distance traveled (66,408,823.74 g/day ÷ 731,153

VMT/day), the amount of grams of CO emitted per vehicle mile (90.83 g/VMT) was calculated. 

The MDT provided the daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) on 10th Avenue South (125,383 

DVMT). By multiplying the DVMT and CO emissions per mile (125,383 DVMT x 90.83 g/VMT), 

then the total grams (11,388,537.89 g) of CO emitted per wintertime weekday was calculated. 

By converting the resulting value into tons, 12.55 tons per wintertime weekday of CO was 

emitted in the Great Falls CO Maintenance Area.

CONCLUSIONS

The Billings and Great Falls CO Maintenance Areas emitted 112.18 and 12.55 tons of CO per 

wintertime weekday, respectively, in 2009 using the USEPA MOVES 2010b on-road mobile 

emissions model. 
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REFERENCES:

Choi, David Choi, Megan Beardsley, David Brzezinski, John Koupal, and James Warila. 2010.

MOVES Sensitivity Analysis: The Impacts of Temperature and Humidity on Emissions. Office of 

Transportation and Air Quality. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. September 2010.

MDEQ. 2011a. Billings Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area Update 1996 – 2009. Air 

Resource Management Bureau. Permitting and Compliance Division. Montana Department of 

Environmental Quality. January 2011.

MDEQ. 2011b. Great Falls Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area Update 1996 – 2009. Air 

Resource Management Bureau. Permitting and Compliance Division. Montana Department of 

Environmental Quality. January 2011.

Missoula MPO. 2012. 2012 Missoula Lang Range Transportation Plan Update. Office of 

Planning and Grants. Montana Department of Transportation. Mountain Line. LSA Associates, 

Inc. Missoula Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2012.

NYDOT. 2014. User’s Guide: Development of MOVES Emission Factors For Project-Level Air 

Quality. Environmental Science Bureau. Office of Environment. New York State Department of 

Transportation. January 2014.

USEPA. 2003. User’s Guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor 

Model. EPA-420-R-03-010. Assessment and Standards Division. Office of Transportation and Air 

Quality. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. August 2003.

USEPA. 2010a. MOVES2010 Highway Vehicle: Population and Activity Data. EPA-420-R-10-

026. Assessment and Standards Division. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency. November 2010.

USEPA. 2010b. Using MOVES to Prepare Emission Inventories in State Implementation Plans 

and Transportation Conformity: Technical Guidance for MOVES2010, 2010a and 2010b. EPA420-B-12-028. Transportation and Climate Division. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. April 2010.

USEPA. 2010c. Using MOVES in Project-Level Carbon Monoxide Analyses. EPA-420-B-10-041. 

Transportation and Regional Programs Division. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. December 2010.

USEPA. 2012. Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES): User Guide for MOVES2010b.

EPA-420-B-12-001b. Assessment and Standards Division. Office of Transportation and Air 

Quality. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. June 2012.
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Appendix A.1: Map of the Billings CO Maintenance Area.
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Appendix A.2: Map of the Great Falls CO Maintenance Area.
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Appendix A.3: Map of the Missoula CO Maintenance Area.
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Appendix A.4: Map of the Missoula PM10 Nonattainment Area.
7/22/2014 B1 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Appendix B: 2010 MOVES Cascade and Yellowstone Counties Vehicle Registration Data.

MOVES Code Vehicle Type Cascade County Yellowstone County

11 Motorcycle 9,618 15,584

21 Passenger Car 37,799 71,312

31 Passenger Truck 27,590 46,132

32 Light Commercial Truck 11,024 18,388

41 Intercity Bus 6 42

42 Transit Bus 4 25

43 School Bus 247 347

51 Refuse Truck 22 40

52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck 1,148 1,750

53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck 80 119

54 Motor Home 162 217

61 Combination Short-haul Truck 357 653

62 Combination Long-haul Truck 271 509

Total 88,328 155,118
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Appendix C: MOVES Fuel Formulation for Billings and Great Falls CO Maintenance Areas.

Fuel Formulation ID

9417 9358 20015

Gas Ethanol Diesel

Fuel Subtype ID 10 12 20

RVP 12.5 12.5 0

Sulfur Level 30 30 15

ETOH Volume 0 10 0

MTBE Volume 0 0 0

ETBE Volume 0 0 0

TAME Volume 0 0 0

Aromatic Content 21.2179 21.2179 0

Olefin Content 10.43 10.43 0

Benzene Content 0.5705 0.5705 0

e200 53.6227 53.6227 0

e300 88.4874 88.4874 0

BioDiesel Ester Volume 0 0 0

Cetane Index 0 0 0

PAH Content 0 0 0

T50 192.423 192.423 0

T90 304.466 304.466 0
7/22/2014 D1 MOVESCOGFBilFinal

Appendix D: 2009 Billings CO Maintenance Area MOVES Run Specification File.

<runspec>

<description><![CDATA[2009 Billings, MT, Carbon Monoxide (CO) Maintenance Area: 2010 Yellowstone County Vehicle Registration]]></description>

<modelscale value="Inv"/>

<modeldomain value="SINGLE"/>

<geographicselections>

<geographicselection type="COUNTY" key="30111" description="MONTANA - Yellowstone County"/>

</geographicselections>

<timespan>

<year key="2009"/>

<month id="1"/>

<day id="5"/>

<beginhour id="1"/>

<endhour id="24"/>

<aggregateBy key="Hour"/>

</timespan>

<onroadvehicleselections>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/>

</onroadvehicleselections>

<offroadvehicleselections>
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</offroadvehicleselections>

<offroadvehiclesccs>

</offroadvehiclesccs>

<roadtypes>

<roadtype roadtypeid="1" roadtypename="Off-Network"/>

<roadtype roadtypeid="4" roadtypename="Urban Restricted Access"/>

<roadtype roadtypeid="5" roadtypename="Urban Unrestricted Access"/>

</roadtypes>

<pollutantprocessassociations>

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/>

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/>

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/>

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/>

</pollutantprocessassociations>

<databaseselections>

</databaseselections>

<internalcontrolstrategies>

<internalcontrolstrategy classname="gov.epa.otaq.moves.master.implementation.ghg.internalcontrolstrategies.rateofprogress.RateOfProgressStrategy"><![CDATA[

useParameters No

]]></internalcontrolstrategy>

</internalcontrolstrategies>

<inputdatabase servername="" databasename="" description=""/>

<uncertaintyparameters uncertaintymodeenabled="false" numberofrunspersimulation="0" numberofsimulations="0"/>

<geographicoutputdetail description="COUNTY"/>

<outputemissionsbreakdownselection>

<modelyear selected="false"/>

<fueltype selected="false"/>

<emissionprocess selected="true"/>

<onroadoffroad selected="true"/>

<roadtype selected="true"/>

<sourceusetype selected="false"/>

<movesvehicletype selected="false"/>

<onroadscc selected="false"/>

<offroadscc selected="false"/>

<estimateuncertainty selected="false" numberOfIterations="2" keepSampledData="false" keepIterations="false"/>

<sector selected="false"/>

<engtechid selected="false"/>

<hpclass selected="false"/>

</outputemissionsbreakdownselection>

<outputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="yelbilcooutput" description=""/>

<outputtimestep value="Hour"/>
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<outputvmtdata value="true"/>

<outputsho value="false"/>

<outputsh value="false"/>

<outputshp value="false"/>

<outputshidling value="false"/>

<outputstarts value="false"/>

<outputpopulation value="true"/>

<scaleinputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="yelbilcoin" description=""/>

<pmsize value="0"/>

<outputfactors>

<timefactors selected="true" units="Hours"/>

<distancefactors selected="true" units="Miles"/>

<massfactors selected="true" units="Grams" energyunits="Joules"/>

</outputfactors>

<savedata>

</savedata>

<donotexecute>

</donotexecute>

<generatordatabase shouldsave="false" servername="" databasename="" description=""/>

<donotperformfinalaggregation selected="false"/>

<lookuptableflags scenarioid="" truncateoutput="true" truncateactivity="true"/>

</runspec>
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Appendix E: 2009 Great Falls CO Maintenance Area MOVES Run Specification File.

<runspec>

<description><![CDATA[2009 Great Falls Carbon Monoxide (CO) Maintenance Area: 2010 Cascade County, MT, Vehicle Registration Data]]></description>

<modelscale value="Inv"/>

<modeldomain value="SINGLE"/>

<geographicselections>

<geographicselection type="COUNTY" key="30013" description="MONTANA - Cascade County"/>

</geographicselections>

<timespan>

<year key="2009"/>

<month id="1"/>

<day id="5"/>

<beginhour id="1"/>

<endhour id="24"/>

<aggregateBy key="Hour"/>

</timespan>

<onroadvehicleselections>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/>

<onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/>

</onroadvehicleselections>

<offroadvehicleselections>
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</offroadvehicleselections>

<offroadvehiclesccs>

</offroadvehiclesccs>

<roadtypes>

<roadtype roadtypeid="1" roadtypename="Off-Network"/>

<roadtype roadtypeid="5" roadtypename="Urban Unrestricted Access"/>

</roadtypes>

<pollutantprocessassociations>

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/>

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/>

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/>

<pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/>

</pollutantprocessassociations>

<databaseselections>

</databaseselections>

<internalcontrolstrategies>

<internalcontrolstrategy classname="gov.epa.otaq.moves.master.implementation.ghg.internalcontrolstrategies.rateofprogress.RateOfProgressStrategy"><![CDATA[

useParameters No

]]></internalcontrolstrategy>

</internalcontrolstrategies>

<inputdatabase servername="" databasename="" description=""/>

<uncertaintyparameters uncertaintymodeenabled="false" numberofrunspersimulation="0" numberofsimulations="0"/>

<geographicoutputdetail description="COUNTY"/>

<outputemissionsbreakdownselection>

<modelyear selected="false"/>

<fueltype selected="false"/>

<emissionprocess selected="true"/>

<onroadoffroad selected="true"/>

<roadtype selected="true"/>

<sourceusetype selected="false"/>

<movesvehicletype selected="false"/>

<onroadscc selected="false"/>

<offroadscc selected="false"/>

<estimateuncertainty selected="false" numberOfIterations="2" keepSampledData="false" keepIterations="false"/>

<sector selected="false"/>

<engtechid selected="false"/>

<hpclass selected="false"/>

</outputemissionsbreakdownselection>

<outputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="gfcoout" description=""/>

<outputtimestep value="Hour"/>

<outputvmtdata value="true"/>
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<outputsho value="false"/>

<outputsh value="false"/>

<outputshp value="false"/>

<outputshidling value="false"/>

<outputstarts value="false"/>

<outputpopulation value="true"/>

<scaleinputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="casgfcoout" description=""/>

<pmsize value="0"/>

<outputfactors>

<timefactors selected="true" units="Hours"/>

<distancefactors selected="true" units="Miles"/>

<massfactors selected="true" units="Grams" energyunits="Joules"/>

</outputfactors>

<savedata>

</savedata>

<donotexecute>

</donotexecute>

<generatordatabase shouldsave="false" servername="" databasename="" description=""/>

<donotperformfinalaggregation selected="false"/>

<lookuptableflags scenarioid="" truncateoutput="true" truncateactivity="true"/>

</runspec>