RENDERED: AUGUST 5, 2022; 10:00 A.M.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

Commonwealth of Kentucky

Court of Appeals

NO. 2020-CA-1622-MR

TERESA DOWELL INMAN 

AND MARC INMAN APPELLANTS 

v. 

APPEAL FROM HANCOCK CIRCUIT COURT

HONORABLE TIMOTHY R. COLEMAN, JUDGE

ACTION NO. 19-CI-00058

ESTATE OF KENNETH DOWELL BY 

AND THROUGH VALERIE 

DOWELL, EXECUTRIX; AMANDA 

LEIGH HAGAN; CHRISTY LYNN 

TURNHAM; USAA FEDERAL 

SAVINGS BANK; AND VALARIE 

DOWELL APPELLEES 

AND

NO. 2021-CA-0016-MR

ESTATE OF KENNETH DOWELL BY 

AND THROUGH VALERIE 

DOWELL, EXECUTRIX; AMANDA 

LEIGH HAGAN; CHRISTY LYNN 

TURNHAM; AND VALARIE 

DOWELL CROSS-APPELLANTS 
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v. 

CROSS-APPEAL FROM HANCOCK CIRCUIT COURT

HONORABLE TIMOTHY R. COLEMAN, JUDGE

ACTION NO. 19-CI-00058

TERESA DOWELL INMAN AND 

MARC INMAN CROSS-APPELLEES 

OPINION

AFFIRMING

**   **  **

BEFORE: CLAYTON, CHIEF JUDGE; ACREE AND TAYLOR, JUDGES.

TAYLOR, JUDGE: Teresa Dowell Inman and Marc Inman bring Appeal No. 

2020-CA-1622-MR and the Estate of Kenneth Dowell, by and through Valerie 

Dowell, Executrix (the Estate), Amanda Leigh Hagan, Christy Lynn Turnham, and 

Valerie Dowell bring Cross-Appeal No. 2021-CA-0016-MR from a November 24, 

2020, Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law of the Hancock Circuit Court. We 

affirm both Appeal No. 2020-CA-1622-MR and Cross-Appeal No. 2021-CA-0016-

MR.

Kenneth Dowell was a resident of Hancock County, Kentucky, and 

died on April 25, 2018. At the time of his death, Kenneth was married to Valerie 

Dowell. Both Kenneth and Valerie had children before the marriage. Relevant 

herein, Kenneth had a daughter – Teresa Dowell Inman, and Valerie had two 

daughters – Christy Lynn Turnham and Amanda Leigh Hagan. 
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Before his death, Kenneth and Valerie executed separate mutual wills 

on January 18, 2002. Therein, both Kenneth and Valerie devised his or her onehalf undivided interest in a farm located in Hancock County to their respective 

children. So, in Valerie’s will, she bequeathed her one-half undivided interest in 

the farm to Christy and Amanda. And, in Kenneth’s will, he bequeathed his onehalf undivided interest in the farm to Teresa. In both wills, Kenneth and Valerie 

“agreed to waive and relinquish any claim in and to the interest of the other [in the 

farm], including dower or curtesy.” Kenneth’s will at 2.

On August 10, 2018, Valerie filed a petition to probate Kenneth’s will

in the Hancock District Court, and by order entered August 15, 2018, Valerie was 

appointed executrix of the Estate. Valerie, as surviving spouse of Kenneth, then 

filed a Notification of Intent to Renounce Will. Therein, Valerie stated that she 

released any devise under the will and intended to claim her dower interest in the 

farm. Kentucky Revised Statutes (KRS) 392.080; KRS 392.020. In her capacity 

as executrix, Valerie then filed a motion to sell real property of the estate in order 

to satisfy outstanding debts of the Estate. The only real property available was the 

farm. Teresa filed a motion objecting to the sale of the farm. Nonetheless, the 

district court granted Valerie authority to sell the farm in a June 5, 2019, order.

1

1 Kenneth Dowell’s will did not grant Valerie Dowell, as executrix, the authority to sell real 

property of the estate. 
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Thereafter, Teresa and her husband, Marc, filed an adversarial 

complaint in the Hancock Circuit Court challenging the sale of the farm as contrary 

to the terms of Kenneth’s will and as contrary to law. An answer and counterclaim 

were filed. In the counterclaim, the Estate, Christy, Amanda, and Valerie stated 

that Valerie owned an undivided one-half interest in the farm and that Teresa was 

devised an undivided one-half interest in the farm by Kenneth’s will. They pointed 

out that Valerie had filed a notification of her intent to renounce the will and, as 

such, was entitled to her dower interest in the undivided one-half interest devised 

to Teresa. Additionally, in the counterclaim, the Estate, Christy, Amanda, and 

Valerie stated that a $49,000 mortgage encumbered the farm and that Valerie had 

made the $929 monthly payments since Kenneth’s death; Valerie had also paid the 

insurance premiums, property taxes, and other sums for property maintenance. 

The Estate, Christy, Amanda, and Valerie sought to have the farm sold as a whole

in order to pay the debts of the estate, and Valerie sought to recoup one-half of all 

expenses she paid related to the farm since Kenneth’s death from Teresa’s share of 

the farm proceeds.

The circuit court heard the action without a jury per Kentucky Rules 

of Civil Procedure (CR) 52.01. By Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law

entered November 24, 2020, the circuit court concluded that Valerie had waived 

her dower interest in the farm through her and Kenneth’s mutual wills. The circuit 
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court determined that Teresa was devised an undivided one-half interest in the 

farm by Kenneth’s will. However, the court also believed that the personal 

property of Kenneth’s estate was insufficient to pay the estate’s debts. The court 

ordered that the farm should be sold as a whole and that Valerie was to be 

“reimbursed from the sale proceeds for mortgage payments, insurance, lawn

maintenance and property taxes made on behalf of the estate and for the benefit of 

the joint interests of the parties in the Farm Property.” Findings of Fact and 

Conclusions of Law at 6.

Teresa and Marc timely filed a Notice of Appeal (Appeal No. 2020-

CA-1622-MR) and the Estate, Christy, Amanda, and Valerie filed a Notice of 

Cross-Appeal (Cross-Appeal No. 2021-CA-0016-MR) from the November 24, 

2020, Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law. To aid in the disposition of these 

appeals, we shall initially address Cross-Appeal No. 2021-CA-0016-MR and then 

address Appeal No. 2020-CA-1622-MR.

To begin, under CR 52.01, the circuit court is required to separately 

set forth its findings of fact and conclusions of law. The circuit court’s findings of 

fact are only set aside if clearly erroneous, and we review issues of law de novo. 

Ky. Props. Holding, LLC v. Sproul, 507 S.W.3d 563, 568 (Ky. 2016). The 

credibility of witnesses and weight of the evidence are within the sole province of 

the trial court, as fact-finder. Id. at 568. Our review proceeds accordingly.
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Cross-Appeal No. 2021-CA-0016-MR

The Estate, Christy, Amanda, and Valerie contend that the circuit 

court improperly concluded that Valerie waived her dower interest in the farm and 

was not entitled to such interest in the undivided one-half interest in the farm 

devised to Teresa by Kenneth’s will. They argue that the circuit court erred by 

determining that the mandates of KRS 394.540 were established:

The wills make no mention of the consideration 

which is a contractual requirement. Even when assuming 

without admitting that an agreement existed, no language 

in the will states that any agreement is irrevocable nor 

does the language of the will restrict Mrs. Dowell’s right 

to renounce the will. Under KRS 394.540 irrevocability 

is not presumed. . . . 

[W]hile Appellants argue the existence of a will contract, 

no such contract exists. To have a will contract the 

material provisions of the contract must be stated in the 

will, or express reference in a will to a contract and 

extrinsic evidence providing the terms of the contract, or 

a writing signed by the decedent evidencing the contract. 

KRS 394.540. Here, we have none of those. In this case, 

we have nothing more than reciprocal wills. . . . 

Appellees’/Cross-Appellants’ Brief at 12, 15.

Kenneth’s will read, in relevant part:

ARTICLE III

My farm, mentioned above, is owned by me and 

my wife, Valerie Dowell, as tenants in common. My 

wife and I have agreed that upon our deaths our interest 

in the farm will go to our respective children. Therefore, 

I give and bequeath my interest (which is an undivided 
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one-half (1/2) interest) to my daughter, Teresa Susan 

Dowell Inman. I understand and agree that my wife is 

this date executing her Last Will and Testament, pursuant 

to our agreement, in which she is making a bequest of her 

interest in the farm to her two (2) children, Christy Lynn 

Turnham and Amanda Leigh Hagan, and each of us 

have agreed to waive and relinquish any claim in and to 

the interest of the other, including dower or curtesy.

Kenneth’s will at 1-2. And Valerie’s will2read, in relevant part:

ARTICLE III

My farm, mentioned above, is owned by me and 

my husband, Kenneth D. Dowell, as tenants in common. 

My husband and I have agreed that upon our deaths our 

interest in the farm will go to our respective children. 

Therefore, I give and bequeath my interest (which is an 

undivided one-half (1/2) interest) to my daughters,

Christy Lynn Turnham and Amanda Leigh Hagan. I 

understand and agree that my husband is this date 

executing his Last Will and Testament, pursuant to our 

agreement, in which he is making a bequest of his

interest in the farm to his daughter, Teresa Susan 

Dowell Inman, and each of us have agreed to waive and 

relinquish any claim in and to the interest of the other, 

including dower or curtesy.

Valerie’s will at 1-2. 

In its November 24, 2020, Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, 

the circuit court believed that Kenneth and Valerie had entered into a mutually 

binding contract waiving their respective dower or curtesy interest in the farm. In 

reaching this conclusion, the circuit court focused on the language of the wills. 

2 At the hearing, Valerie testified that she had executed a new will after Kenneth’s death.
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The circuit court also determined that “[t]he elements of KRS 394.540 were met. 

Each party received consideration receiving reciprocal benefits and burdens under 

the terms of their agreement establishing a mutuality of obligation.” Findings of 

Fact and Conclusions of Law at 4.

In Kentucky, a wife or husband may voluntarily enter into an 

agreement or contract waiving or relinquishing their respective dower and curtesy

interest in real property. KRS 392.020; King v. King, 274 S.W.2d 656, 658 (Ky. 

1954). In this case, it is uncontroverted that both Kenneth and Valerie 

simultaneously executed their respective wills on January 18, 2002. 

Concomitantly therewith, Kenneth and Valerie also executed a deed transferring 

the farm to themselves as tenants-in-common. Moreover, the language in both 

Kenneth’s and Valerie’s wills is clear and unambiguous – Kenneth and Valerie 

agreed to “waive and relinquish” their respective dower/curtesy interest in the 

farm. The consideration for the agreement was the waiver itself. Either Kenneth’s 

child (Teresa) or Valerie’s children (Christy and Amanda) would take a one-half 

undivided interest in the farm unburdened by the surviving spouse’s dower/curtesy

interest. So, had Valerie predeceased Kenneth, Christy and Amanda would have 

taken Valerie’s one-half undivided interest in the farm free of Kenneth’s curtesy

interest. Considering the clear language in the wills, we conclude that the elements 

of a valid contract were satisfied and that a contract existed between Kenneth and 
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Valerie wherein both waived their respective dower/curtesy interest in the farm. 

See Energy Home, Div. of S. Energy Homes, Inc. v. Peay, 406 S.W.3d 828, 834 

(Ky. 2013). As a result, we hold that Valerie contractually waived her dower 

interest in the farm and that the circuit court did not commit reversible error by 

concluding the same.3 See Harris v. Rock, 799 S.W.2d 10, 12 (Ky. 1990).

We view any remaining contentions of error as moot or without merit.

Appeal No. 2020-CA-1622-MR

Teresa and Marc assert that the circuit court improperly ordered the 

farm sold in contravention of the terms of Kenneth’s will. They also argue that it 

was not established that Kenneth’s estate lacked sufficient personal property to pay 

the debts of the estate under KRS 395.515. Additionally, Teresa and Marc point 

out that Valerie was the beneficiary on Kenneth’s life insurance policies totaling 

$140,000. Teresa and Marc maintain that Kenneth made Valerie the beneficiary of 

the life insurance policies so that she would have sufficient funds to pay the debts

of the estate, including the mortgage on the farm. 

As to Kenneth’s will, we have examined its terms, and the will does 

not prohibit the sale of the farm. In fact, there are simply no provisions in the will

relating to the sale of the farm. As a consequence, we agree with the circuit court 

3 We do not reach the issues surrounding application of Kentucky Revised Statutes 392.080 and 

394.540; we merely hold that Kenneth and Valerie entered into a valid contract with the intent to 

waive his or her dower/curtesy interest in the farm, thus making the renunciation of the will moot 

as concerns the farm.
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that Kenneth’s will does not prohibit the sale of the farm. This Court 

acknowledges that real property is not a probatable asset of the Estate, unless 

otherwise specifically provided for by a testator in his will. Wood v. Wingfield, 

816 S.W.2d 899, 902 (Ky. 1991). For example, a testator could provide that all 

real property owned by the testator be sold by the executor with the proceeds to be 

distributed to the beneficiaries therein. However, KRS 395.515 clearly provides 

that real property may be ordered sold by the court to pay debts of the estate if the 

personal property of the estate is not sufficient to satisfy those debts.

As concerns the debts of the estate, it is uncontroverted that a 

mortgage of $33,557 encumbered the farm as of March 9, 2021. Before the 

spousal exemption set forth in KRS 391.030 was distributed, the value of the 

personal assets of the estate totaled $16,850. The estate also incurred expenses 

related to the preservation and upkeep of the farm – mortgage payments, property 

insurance, lawn maintenance, repairs and property taxes. Additionally, Kenneth’s 

funeral bill totaled $7,122 and a headstone was $2,600. The circuit court found 

that the personal property of Kenneth’s estate was insufficient to pay the debts of 

the estate. Based upon the above, we are convinced that substantial evidence 

supported this finding and that the circuit court did not err.

And, as to Kenneth’s life insurance policies with Valerie named as the 

beneficiary, it is well-settled that if a life insurance policy “is payable to an 
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individual beneficiary, it constitutes no part of the insured’s estate.” Parks Ex’rs v. 

Parks, 156 S.W.2d 480, 483 (Ky. 1941). Thus, the life insurance proceeds are not 

included in Kenneth’s estate and are not available to pay debts of the estate.

Teresa and Marc also argue that the circuit court improperly ordered 

that the whole farm be sold. Rather, Teresa and Marc maintain that only a portion 

of the farm needed to be sold to satisfy the estate’s debts. Teresa and Marc point 

to KRS 395.510 and believe the circuit court should sell only the amount of real 

property necessary to satisfy the debts of the estate. Teresa and Marc argue that a 

farm is “easily divisible” and only a portion thereof is needed to be sold to satisfy 

the estate’s debts. Teresa and Marc’s Brief at 18.

KRS 395.510 provides: 

(1) A representative, legatee, distributee or creditor of a 

deceased person may bring an action in circuit court 

for the settlement of his estate provided that no such 

suit shall be brought by any of the parties named 

except the personal representative until the expiration 

of six months after the qualification of such 

representative.

(2) The representatives of the decedent, and all persons 

having a lien upon or an interest in the property left by 

the decedent, or any part thereof, and the creditors of 

the decedent, so far as known to the plaintiff, must be 

parties to the action as plaintiffs or defendants.

In its November 24, 2020, Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, 

the circuit court concluded that the entire farm should be sold:
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22. The next step is to determine whether the Farm 

Property should be sold in whole or in part; The 

Plaintiffs argue that only a portion of the property 

should be sold, contrary to the Defendant’s position 

that the entire property should be sold;

23. To support their position, the Plaintiffs offered the 

Testimony of Scott Wise. Mr. Wise appraised the 

property and testified that he believed that the 

property could be sold in parcels, but was not 

requested to make a specific recommendation as to 

what could or should be sold to pay the estate’s 

debts. Mr. Wise could not recommend a division 

[that] would not impact or impair the value of 

remaining unsold property. Mr. Wise noted that

access to the property was limited which would 

impact the ability to parcel the property;

24. The Defendants offered the testimony of Charles 

King, who testified that he was familiar with the 

subject property for [a] long time and was involved 

in the sale of a portion [of] it to Mr. Dowell Dowell 

[sic]. He stated that the property has access through 

a bridge but does not have any other access to his 

knowledge. He testified that [he] does not believe 

that the property could be divided, would require a 

survey costing approximately $20,000 and would 

significantly harm the value of remaining property;

25. Based upon the costs of dividing the Farm Property, 

and the negative impact that division would cause to 

the remaining property, the Court hereby finds that 

the Farm Property shall be sold in whole.

Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law at 5.

Considering the testimony of appraiser King, we believe substantial 

evidence supported the trial court’s findings that the farm would be negatively 
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impacted and additional costs would be incurred if the farm were not sold as a 

whole. These findings are not clearly erroneous, and thus, we cannot conclude that 

the circuit court improperly ordered the sale of the entire farm pursuant to KRS 

395.510.

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm both Appeal No. 2020-CA-1622-

MR and Cross-Appeal No. 2021-CA-0016-MR.

ALL CONCUR.

BRIEF AND ORAL ARGUMENT 

FOR APPELLANTS/CROSSAPPELLEES:

Stephen G. Hopkins

Hardinsburg, Kentucky

BRIEF FOR APPELLEES/CROSSAPPELLANTS ESTATE OF 

KENNETH DOWELL BY AND 

THROUGH VALERIE DOWELL, 

EXECUTRIX; CHRISTY LYNN 

TURNHAM; AMANDA LEIGH 

HAGAN; AND VALERIE DOWELL:

Paul L. Madden, Jr.

Daniel T. Boling

Hawesville, Kentucky

ORAL ARGUMENT FOR 

APPELLEES/CROSS-APPELLANTS

ESTATE OF KENNETH DOWELL 

BY AND THROUGH VALERIE 

DOWELL, EXECUTRIX; CHRISTY 

LYNN TURNHAM; AMANDA 

LEIGH HAGAN; AND VALERIE 

DOWELL:

Paul L. Madden, Jr.

Hawesville, Kentucky