# Patent

## Title
Cutting tool sharpener

## Abstract

Method and apparatus for sharpening a cutting tool. In some embodiments, an abrasive endless belt is rotated in tension along a neutral plane between spaced apart first and second rollers. A guide assembly has spaced apart first and second guide surfaces which collectively converge to an intervening base surface to form a guide channel. Upon insertion of a blade of a cutting tool into the guide channel, a selected side of the blade contactingly slides against at least a selected one of the first or second guide surfaces and a first portion of a cutting edge of the blade contactingly engages the base surface to serve as a plunge depth limit stop for the blade. The endless belt is contactingly deflected by a second portion of the cutting edge away from the neutral plane to sharpen the second portion while the first portion remains in contact with the base surface.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/809,522 filed Jun. 18, 2010, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,686,407 on Apr. 15, 2014, which is a 371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/068412 filed Jun. 26, 2008 which in turn claims benefit to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/016,294 filed Dec. 21, 2007.


BACKGROUND
Cutting tools are used in a variety of applications to cut or otherwise remove material from a workpiece. A variety of cutting tools are well known in the art, including but not limited to knives, scissors, shears, blades, chisels, machetes, saws, drill bits, etc.
A cutting tool often has one or more laterally extending, straight or curvilinear cutting edges along which pressure is applied to make a cut. The cutting edge is often defined along the intersection of opposing surfaces (bevels) that intersect along a line that lies along the cutting edge.
In some cutting tools, such as many types of conventional kitchen knives, the opposing surfaces are generally symmetric; other cutting tools, such as many types of scissors, have a first opposing surface that extends in a substantially normal direction, and a second opposing surface that is skewed with respect to the first surface. More complex geometries can also be used, such as multiple sets of bevels at different respective angles that taper to the cutting edge. Scallops or other discontinuous features can also be provided along the cutting edge, such as in the case of serrated knives.
Cutting tools can become dull over time after extended use, and thus it can be desirable to subject a dulled cutting tool to a sharpening operation to restore the cutting edge to a greater level of sharpness. A variety of sharpening techniques are known in the art, including the use of grinding wheels, whet stones, abrasive cloths, etc. A limitation with these and other prior art sharpening techniques, however, is the inability to precisely define the opposing surfaces at the desired angles to provide a precisely defined cutting edge.
SUMMARY
Various embodiments of the present invention are generally directed a method and apparatus for sharpening a cutting tool.
In accordance with some embodiments, an endless belt has an abrasive outer surface and a backing layer inner surface. The endless belt is held in tension along a planar extent extending along a neutral plane between spaced apart first and second rollers against which the backing layer inner surface contactingly passes during continuous rotation of the belt along a routing path. A guide assembly adjacent the planar extent of the belt comprises spaced apart first and second guide surfaces which collectively converge to an intervening base surface to form a guide channel. The first guide surface extends at an acute angle with respect to the second guide surface and the base surface extends at an obtuse angle with respect to the first guide surface. The guide assembly is configured such that during insertion of a blade of a cutting tool into the guide channel, a selected side of the blade contactingly slides against at least a selected one of the first or second guide surfaces and a first portion of a cutting edge of the blade contactingly engages the base surface to serve as a plunge depth limit stop for the blade. The endless belt is configured to be contactingly deflected by a second portion of the cutting edge away from the neutral plane to sharpen the second portion while the first portion remains in contact with the base surface.
In other embodiments, an endless belt has an abrasive outer surface and a backing layer inner surface. The endless belt held in tension along a planar extent extending along a neutral plane between spaced apart first and second rollers against which the backing layer inner surface contactingly passes during continuous rotation of the belt along a routing path. A tensioner assembly attached to at least one of the first or second rollers supplies a first tension force to the belt while the planar extent is aligned along the neutral plane. A guide assembly adjacent the planar extent of the belt comprises spaced apart first and second guide surfaces which collectively converge to an intervening base surface to form a guide channel. The guide assembly is configured such that during insertion of a blade of a cutting tool into the guide channel, a selected side of the blade contactingly slides against at least a selected one of the first or second guide surfaces and a first portion of a cutting edge of the blade contactingly engages the base surface to serve as a plunge depth limit stop for the blade. The endless belt is configured to be contactingly deflected by a second portion of the cutting edge away from the neutral plane to sharpen the second portion while the first portion remains in contact with the base surface. The tensioner assembly supplies a greater, second tension force to the belt while the first portion of the cutting edge is contacting the base surface.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1A and 1B provide respective isometric and side elevational views of a cutting tool sharpener system (sharpener) constructed in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the sharpener of FIGS. 1A-1B with a guide housing removed to expose various features of interest including an abrasive belt and three rollers.
FIG. 3 is a schematic depiction of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4A provides an end view of the arrangement of FIG. 3 with the use of crowned rollers.
FIG. 4B provides an alternative end view of the arrangement of FIG. 3 with the use of guide rollers.
FIGS. 5A and 5B show side and top plan views of portions of a first belt.
FIGS. 6A and 6B show side and top plan views of portions of a second belt.
FIGS. 7A and 7B provide schematic depictions of the sharpener to generally illustrate a twisting (localized torsion) of the unsupported abrasive belt during a sharpening operation upon a cutting tool.
FIGS. 8A and 8B generally illustrate different torsion effects that may be encountered by the abrasive belt during the sharpening of the cutting tool of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 shows a sharpening guide of the sharpener guide housing in greater detail.
FIGS. 10A-10C generally depict a progression of symmetrical sharpening operations that may be advantageously performed upon a cutting tool to provide the tool with a desired final geometry.
FIG. 11 generally illustrates asymmetrical sharpening operations upon a cutting tool to provide a final desired geometry.
FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate additional types of cutting tools with various cutting edge features that can be sharpened using the sharpener.
FIG. 13 shows relevant portions of the sharpener in accordance with another embodiment configured to sharpen other types of cutting tools.
FIG. 14 shows a side elevational view of FIG. 13.
FIG. 15 provides a flow chart for a SHARPENING OPERATION routine generally illustrative of steps carried out in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIGS. 1A and 1B generally depict an exemplary cutting tool sharpener system 100 (“sharpener”) constructed in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. The sharpener 100 is configured to sharpen a number of different types of cutting tools in a fast and efficient manner.
The sharpener 100 includes a main drive assembly 102 with a housing 104 which encloses a drive assembly (generally denoted at 105). The drive assembly 105 can take any suitable configuration depending on the requirements of a given application. Preferably, the drive assembly 105 includes an electric motor which rotates at a selected rotational rate.
Suitable gearing or other torque transfer mechanisms can be used to provide a final desired rotational rate. In some embodiments, the rate and/or the direction of rotation can be adjusted, either automatically or manually by the user, for different sharpening operations. User control switches are generally depicted at 106.
The sharpener 100 further generally includes a sharpening assembly 108 coupled to the drive assembly. The sharpening assembly 108 preferably includes a substantially triangularly-shaped guide housing 110 with opposing sharpening guides 112 extending therein. The guides 112 enable a particular cutting tool, such as a kitchen knife 114, to be alternately presented to the sharpener 100 from opposing sides.
FIG. 2 provides another view of the sharpener 100 of FIGS. 1A and 1B. In FIG. 2, the guide housing 110 has been removed to reveal a continuous, flexible abrasive belt 116 which is routed around rollers 118, 120 and 122. The roller 118 is characterized as a drive roller which is powered by the aforementioned drive assembly. The roller 120 is a fixed idler roller, and the roller 122 is a spring biased idler roller with an associated tensioner assembly 124.
The tensioner assembly 124 preferably includes a coiled spring 126 or other biasing mechanism which applies an upwardly directed tension force upon the belt, as generally depicted in FIG. 3. The rollers 118, 120 and 122 are preferably crowned to maintain centered tracking of the belt 116, as generally represented in FIG. 4A, although guide rollers can additionally or alternatively be used, as generally represented in FIG. 4B. While a substantially triangular path for the belt 116 is preferred, such is not necessarily required as any number of other arrangements can be used as desired.
For example, in an alternative embodiment the belt 116 is routed around just two rollers rather than the three shown in FIG. 3. The rollers can be the same diameter to provide a substantially oval shaped path, or a larger roller can be used in lieu of the two lower rollers shown in FIG. 3 to maintain a substantially triangular path. More than three rollers can also be used to provide other path configurations. It will be appreciated that in each of these embodiments, the system can be characterized as aligning the belt along a first selected plane between first and second supports (e.g., such as on the left hand side of FIG. 3), and aligning the belt along a second selected plane between a third support and the first support (e.g., such as on the right hand side of FIG. 3).
The belt 116 nominally rotates at a speed and direction around the rollers 118, 120, 122 as determined by the operation of the drive assembly. It is contemplated that a population of belts will be supplied for use with the sharpener 100, each belt having different physical characteristics and each being easily removable from and replaceable onto the sharpener 100 in turn.
By way of illustration, FIGS. 5A and 5B provide respective side and top views of a first belt 116A. The belt 116A preferably includes a layer of abrasive material 128A affixed to a backing (substrate) layer 130A. The abrasive layer can take any number of forms, such but not limited to diamond particles, sandpaper material, etc., and will have a selected abrasiveness level (roughness). The backing layer 130A can similarly be selected from a wide variety of materials, such as cloth, plastic, paper, etc.
In the present example, the first belt 116A is contemplated as having an abrasiveness level on the order of about 400 grit. It is contemplated that the relative width, thickness and roughness of the first belt 116A will make the belt suitable for initial grinding operations upon the cutting tool in which relatively large amounts of material are removed from the tool.
FIGS. 6A and 6B show a second exemplary belt 116B. The second belt 116B also has an abrasive layer 128B and a backing layer 130B. The abrasive layer 128B is contemplated as comprising a finer grit than that of the first belt 116A, such as order of about 1200 grit. The exemplary second belt 116B is contemplated as being generally more flexible than the first belt 116A.
The second belt 116B is shown to be narrower than the first belt 116A, to demonstrate that the sharpener 100 can be readily configured to accommodate different widths of belts. However, in preferred embodiments, all of the belts utilized by the sharpener 100 will have nominally the same width and length dimensions. Further, for reasons that will be discussed below, it is preferred that belts of coarser grit (such as the first belt 116A) will be configured to have successively higher levels of linear stiffness, whereas belts of finer grit (such as the second belt 116B) will be configured to have successively lower levels of linear stiffness.
As used herein, the term “linear stiffness” generally relates to the ability of the belt to bend (displace) along the longitudinal length of the belt (i.e., in a direction along the path of travel) in response to a given force. Generally, a belt with a higher linear stiffness will provide a larger radius of curvature as it is deflected by an object, since the belt has a relatively lower amount of flexibility along its length. Conversely, a belt with a lower linear stiffness, due to its relatively higher level of flexibility, will provide a smaller radius of curvature as it is deflected by the same object.
Accordingly, the second belt 116B is particularly suited for subsequent grinding or honing operations upon the cutting tool in which relatively smaller amounts of material are removed from the tool. It will be appreciated that the relative dimensions represented in FIGS. 5-6 are merely exemplary in nature and are not limiting. For example, all of the belts may be of the same general thickness with different flexibilities established by other characteristics, such as the material used to form the belts, the composition of the backing layers, etc. Also, any number of additional belts can be provided with other dimensions and levels of abrasiveness, including belts with a grit of 40 or lower, belts with a grit of 2000 or higher, etc.
It is contemplated that all of the belts will have generally the same circumferential length, but this is also not necessarily required as at least some differences in belt length can be accommodated via the tensioner 124. Indeed, as will now be explained beginning with FIGS. 7A-7B, a number of factors including the tensioner force and the belt length, width, thickness and stiffness are preferably selected to provide specifically controlled amounts of linear and torsional deflection of the belt during sharpening.
FIGS. 7A and 7B provide schematic representations of the sharpener 100 to illustrate preferred operation of a selected belt 116 during a sharpening operation upon a cutting tool 132. FIG. 7A shows the cutting tool 132 prior to engagement with the belt 116, and FIG. 7B shows the cutting tool 132 during engagement with the belt 116.
For reference, the cutting tool 132 is shown in a canted orientation, and for purposes of the present example the cutting tool is characterized as a conventional kitchen knife with handle 134, blade 136 and curvilinearly extending cutting edge 138.
As shown in FIG. 7B, the belt 116 preferably twists out of its normally aligned plane, as indicated by torsion arrow 140, in the vicinity of the knife 132 as the cutting edge 138 is drawn across the belt 116. More specifically, the user preferably grasps the handle 134 and pulls the knife 132 back in a substantially linear fashion, as indicated by arrow 141. The moving belt 116 will undergo localized torsion (twisting) to maintain a constant angle of the abrasive layer 128 against the blade 136 irrespective of the specific shape of the cutting edge 136. In this way, a constant and consistent grinding plane can be maintained with respect to the blade material.
The amount of torsional displacement of the belt along a particular cutting edge can vary widely in relation to changes in the curvilinearity of the cutting edge. A typical amount of twisting may be on the order of 30 degrees or more out of plane. In extreme cases such as when the distal tip of a blade passes across the belt, twisting of up to around 90 degrees or more out of plane may be experienced. The torsion is generally a function of the length of the extent of the belt presented to the tool in comparison to the belt width, as well as a function of the tension applied to the belt applied by the tensioner assembly 124. Thus, it is contemplated that, generally, each of the belts respectively installed onto the sharpener 100 will undergo substantially the same amount of torsion irrespective of the abrasiveness or linear stiffness of the belt.
The direction of belt twist will be influenced by the relation of the cutting edge 138 to the belt 116. In FIG. 8A, a first portion 142 of the cutting edge 138 at the base of the blade 136 adjacent the handle 134 is generally concave with respect to the belt 116. This will generally induce torsion in a counter-clockwise direction, as indicated by arrow 144, as that portion of the blade passes adjacent the belt 116.
In FIG. 8B, a second portion 146 of the cutting edge 138 near the point of the blade 136 is generally convex with respect to the belt 116. Passage of the second portion 146 adjacent the belt will generally induce torsion in the opposite clockwise direction, as indicated by arrow 148.
In a preferred embodiment, the retraction of the knife 132 across the belt 116 is controlled by the aforementioned sharpening guides 112 in the guide housing 108 (FIG. 1). One of the guides 112 is generally depicted in FIG. 9. A slot is formed by facing surfaces 150, 152 and a base surface 154, although other configurations can be used, including angled surfaces that form a v-shape. During the sharpening steps of FIGS. 8A and 8B, the knife 132 is inserted into the slot above the belt 116 and moved downwardly until the base of the cutting edge 138 (portion 142 in FIG. 8A) comes into contacting abutment against the base surface 154 (also referred to as a cutting edge guide surface).
While maintaining a small amount of downward pressure upon the handle 134, the user slowly draws the knife 132 back (i.e., direction 141 in FIGS. 8A-8B) so that the cutting edge 138 remains in contact with, and slides against, the base surface 154. Preferably, the blade 136 is also lightly pressed against the vertical guide surface 152 so as to slidingly pass in contacting engagement with the surface 152 during the sharpening operation.
Although not shown in FIG. 9, a suitable retention feature, such as a spring clip or a magnet, can be incorporated into the guide 112 to maintain the knife 132 in contacting engagement with the surfaces 152, 154. The knife 132 is preferably passed across the belt several times in succession, such as 3-5 times, to sharpen a first side of the blade 136. The knife 132 is then preferably moved to the other guide (see FIG. 1) and these steps are repeated to sharpen the other side of the blade 136.
In some embodiments, the belt continues to rotate in a common rotational direction so that the belt moves “downwardly” with respect to the cutting tool on one side and “upwardly” with respect to the cutting tool on the other side. In other embodiments, the belt rotational direction is changed so as to pass downwardly on both sides, thereby drawing material down and past the cutting edge on both sides of the blade. Such change in belt rotational direction is not required in order to achieve effective levels of “razor” sharpness of the tool, but may be nevertheless be found to be beneficial in some applications. In such case, it is contemplated that the alternative directions of belt rotation can be manually set by the user, or automatically implemented by the sharpener 100 such as, for example, from the incorporation of a pressure switch or a proximity switch in each of the guides 112 to sense the presence of the cutting tool therein.
FIGS. 10A-10C generally illustrate a preferred sharpening sequence upon a blade 160. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the ability to obtain a superior sharpness for a given cutting tool will depend on a number of factors, including the type of material from which the tool is made. It has been found that certain types of processed steel, such as high grade, high carbon stainless steel, are particularly suitable to obtaining sharp and strong cutting edges. It will be appreciated, however, that the sharpener 100 can be readily adapted to provide extremely sharp cutting edges for any number of materials, including relatively lower grades of steel, high quality Damascus steel, ceramic blades, tools made of other metallic alloys or non-metallic materials, etc.
As set forth by FIGS. 10A-10C, the sharpener 100 generates a novel, convex grind surface geometry. FIG. 10A shows the blade 160 in conjunction with a first belt 162 which, when alternately applied to opposing sides of the blade 160, provides continuously extending, substantially convex surfaces 164, 166 which converge and intersect along a cutting edge 168. The first belt 162 is characterized as having a relatively coarse abrasive level, and relatively high linear stiffness characteristics.
FIG. 10B shows a subsequent grinding operation upon the blade 160 using a second belt 172 that forms opposing surfaces 174, 176 and a cutting edge 178. FIG. 10C is a side view depiction of the blade 160 at the conclusion of the operation of FIG. 10B. It will be appreciated that due to the torsional operation of the respective belts 162, 172, the cross-sectional geometries represented in FIGS. 10A-10B are nominally consistent along the entire longitudinal length of the blade (e.g., from substantially the tip of the blade to a position adjacent the handle).
The sharpening operation of FIG. 10A with the first belt 162 constitutes a relatively coarse, first stage grinding operation upon the blade material, and provides a relatively large radius of curvature upon the opposing sides 164, 166 of the blade 160. This radius of curvature (denoted as R1 at 169) is primarily established as a result of the relatively higher linear stiffness of the belt 162. Substantially this same radius of curvature is applied along the entire extent of the blade 160. (It will be appreciated that the length of the radius R1 is relatively large with respect to the scale of FIG. 10A, and therefore the origin of the radius does not fit on the page).
While the sharpening geometry of FIG. 10A can produce an extremely sharp cutting edge 168, a limitation that may be experienced with this particular sharpening geometry is the fact that the blade 160 is relatively thin for a substantial extent of the width of the blade 160. This can result in an undesirably weak blade that will deform, dull or break relatively easily if large forces are applied to the cutting edge 168.
Accordingly, it is contemplated that at the conclusion of this first stage of the sharpening operation, the first belt 162 is preferably removed from the sharpener 100 and the second belt 172 is installed, as depicted in FIG. 10B. The blade 160 is once again presented to the sharpener 100 and the second belt 172 applies a relatively fine (honing) grind upon the blade 160. This results in a correspondingly smaller radius of curvature (R2 at 179) upon each of the surfaces 174, 176 due to the reduced linear stiffness of the second belt 172.
As before, the second belt 172 undergoes torsion as the blade 160 is drawn across the belt so that the smaller radius of curvature shown in FIG. 10B is consistently applied along the extent of the blade 160. As noted above, the respective belts 162, 172 will preferably undergo substantially the same amounts of torsion during the respective grinding operations.
The smaller radius of curvature established by the more flexible second belt 172 generally localizes the honing operation to the vicinity of the end of the blade 160. The new cutting edge 178 (and the opposing surfaces 174, 176) result from the removal of material in FIG. 10B over what was present at the conclusion of the operation of FIG. 10A.
The effects of this localized honing operation in the vicinity of the cutting edge 178 are depicted in FIG. 10C. Generally, score (scratch) marks 180 may be present on the blade as a result of the relatively more aggressive abrasive of the first belt 162. The ends of these score marks 180, however, may be honed out of the blade in the vicinity of the final cutting edge 178 as a result of the secondary sharpening operation.
An advantage of the secondary sharpening process set forth by FIG. 10B is that the blade 160 now has the slicing advantages provided by the first surfaces 164, 166 of FIG. 10A, as well as greater blade strength due to the greater thickness in the vicinity of the cutting edge 178 resulting from the greater curvature of the second surfaces 174, 176.
While two belts have been discussed above, it will be appreciated that such is merely illustrative and not limiting. For example, sharpening can be accomplished using any number of belts of various abrasiveness and stiffness that are successively installed onto the sharpener 100 and utilized in turn. Conversely, sharpening operations can be effectively carried out using just a single belt of selected abrasiveness and stiffness.
For example, once the blade 160 has become dulled due to moderate use, all that may be required to restore the blade 160 to the sharpness of FIGS. 10B and 10C would be to re-present the blade 160 for sharpening against the second belt 172, thereby realigning the material along the cutting edge 178. Conversely, if greater wear or damage is incurred, the sharpness of the blade 160 can be restored by application of both belts 162, 172 to the blade.
The two belt sharpening process of FIGS. 10A-10C is particularly suitable for relatively harder materials such as laminated and/or high carbon steels, or other materials with a relatively high Rockwell Hardness level (such as on the order of e.g., 60 or higher). Such materials are sufficiently strong and hard to be able to transition from the relatively coarse grinding provided by the first belt 162 to the relatively fine grinding provided by the second belt 172 without undergoing deformation or other effects that would cause deviation from the displayed geometries.
Indeed, subjecting such relatively hard material to just the second belt 172 would ultimately result in the cutting edge 178, although such may require an extended period of time since the finer abrasiveness of the second belt will generally take longer to remove the requisite material from the blade to arrive at this final configuration. The use of multiple belts of varying abrasiveness is thus preferred for purposes of efficiency, but is not necessarily required. Similarly, it may be desirable to apply just the coarse grind of FIG. 10A for certain applications.
Softer materials such as lower grade steels with relatively lower Rockwell Hardness (such as on the order of, e.g., 45-50) may benefit from the use of higher numbers of sequential grinding stages. For example, a sequence of three different belts of 400 grit, 800 grit and 1200 grit may be respectively used in turn. This would tend to reduce the transitions between different belts, thereby reducing the risk of undesirably inducing folding or other deformations of the blade material in the vicinity of the cutting edge. Indeed, any number of belts, including 5-10 different belts or more, and belts of upwards of 2000 grit or more, can be progressively used as desired, depending on the requirements of a given application.
While the geometries set forth by FIGS. 10A-10B are symmetric, similar geometries can readily be established for asymmetric blades, such as an exemplary blade 200 shown in FIG. 11. The asymmetric blade 200 is typical of certain types of cutting tools such as pocket or utility knives with scallops (serrations) along a portion thereof (not separately shown), as well as some types of shears, scissors, etc.
The blade 200 has a first surface 201 that extends in a substantially vertical direction, and an opposing second surface 202 that curvilinearly extends to provide a convex grind surface similar to the surface 174 in FIG. 10B. It will be appreciated that the asymmetric blade 200 can be readily sharpened simply by applying the aforementioned sharpening sequence to just the second surface 202.
FIGS. 12A-12B provide further examples of tools that can be readily sharpened using the aforementioned sharpening sequence. FIG. 12A shows a first style of utility knife 204 with a blade 205 and handle 206. The blade 205 includes opposing, curvilinearly extending cutting edges 207 and 208. The cutting edge 207 further includes a concave recess 209 useful, for example, in cutting fibrous materials such as a rope. The knife 204 can be sharpened by the sharpener 100 simply by applying the sequence of FIGS. 10A-10B while the knife 204 is in the orientation of FIG. 12A (to sharpen edge 207), flipping the knife over, and repeating (to sharpen edge 208). The aforementioned torsional and bending characteristics of the respective belts are readily capable of providing so-called “razor” sharpness to the entire extents of the edges 207 and 208.
FIG. 12B shows a second type of utility knife 210 with blade 211 and handle 212. The blade 211 has a complex geometry with a lower curvilinear edge 213, a straight cutting edge 214, and scallops (localized serrations) 215. The cutting edges 213 and 214 can be readily sharpened as set forth above. In many cases scallops such as 215 can also be sharpened, albeit in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 11. It will be noted, however, that the torsional stiffness and width of the belts may need to be adjusted in relation to the relative size of the scallops 215 in order to maintain substantially the same initial geometries of the scallops at the conclusion of the sharpening operation.
It will be noted at this point that complex geometries such as depicted in FIGS. 10-12 with maximum levels of sharpness can generally be obtained only to the extent that the sharpening angle (i.e., the angle between the tool and the abrasive) is maintained within close tolerances during each sharpening pass. Too much variation in the sharpening angle from one pass to the next can actually result in a cutting edge becoming duller as a result of the sharpening operation, since the variations prevent formation of the desired intersection of the respective opposing surfaces. This constitutes a major drawback with most prior art sharpeners.
Even state of the art sharpeners that employ multiple stages of guides and rotating grinding wheels to provide highly controlled sharpening operations are not immune to such variability. Such sharpeners will often require the user to rotate the tool as the tool is drawn back so that the tool takes a curvilinear path to match the curvilinear extent of the cutting surface. While such sharpeners may produce high levels of sharpness, it will be immediately apparent that variations will occur to the extent that the user does not (and cannot) draw the curved blade back at the exact same angle during each pass.
It will thus be seen that the sharpener 100 advantageously provides highly repeatable and controllable sharpening angles for substantially any shape cutting edge, since the sharpening angle is established and maintained by the adaptive torsion of the belt as it reacts to the differences in curvilinearity of the cutting edge. It has been found that sharpeners constructed in accordance with the exemplary sharpener 100 disclosed herein readily achieve levels of sharpness that exceed what is sometimes generally referred to in the art as “scary sharpness” (razor sharp, scalpel sharp, etc.) even for cutting tools with less-than superior metallic constructions.
While the various embodiments discussed above have been configured for the sharpening of bladed cutting tools, such as knives, which can be inserted into the guides 112, it will be appreciated that any number of different types and styles of tools can be sharpened using the sharpener 100 by removal of the guide housing 110 (FIG. 3) and presentation of the tool to the respective exposed extents of the belt 116. Accordingly, any number of other styles and types of cutting tools, such as lawn mower blades, machetes, scissors, swords, spades, rakes, etc. can be effectively sharpened by the sharpener 100 in like manner to that discussed above.
An alternative embodiment for the sharpener 100 is generally depicted in FIG. 13, which uses an alternative drive configuration and belt path for the belt 116. Unlike the symmetric arrangement of FIG. 3, the alternative arrangement of FIG. 13 provides an asymmetric triangular path for the belt. As before, the belt passes over rollers 118, 120, 122 and is tensioned by the tensioner 124.
The arrangement of FIG. 13 provides only a single side of the belt for sharpening, such as for a cutting tool 216 characterized as a set of pruning shears. The shears 216 include spring biased handles 218, 220 which, when closed, bring a blade portion 222 with cutting edge 224 into proximity with a shear portion 226.
As further shown in FIG. 14, the configuration of the shears is such that the cutting edge 224 lies in close relation to the intersection with the shear portion 226, making the shears difficult to sharpen in this vicinity using conventional processes such as a grinding wheel, due to the lack of clearance. However, generally the only limiting factor with the sharpener 100 is the thickness of the belt 116, so that substantially the entire extent of the cutting edge 224 can be sharpened without the need to disassemble the tool 216. That is, in both the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 13-14, sufficient clearance is provided behind the belt 116 to provide a bypass clearance to enable a portion of the tool to be disposed behind the belt.
FIG. 15 provides a flow chart for a SHARPENING OPERATION routine 300, generally illustrative of steps carried out in accordance with various preferred embodiments of the present invention. It will be appreciated that FIG. 15 generally summarizes the foregoing discussion.
Initially, at step 302 a first abrasive flexible belt (such as 116A in FIGS. 5A-5B or 162 in FIG. 10A) is selected and installed onto the sharpener 100. This first abrasive belt will have a selected abrasiveness level and a selected linear stiffness as discussed above. Once installed, the first belt is driven at step 304 via the drive assembly 105 (FIG. 1A) in a selected direction along a selected plane between a first support and a second support (such as between the rollers 122 and 118 in FIG. 3).
At step 306, a cutting tool (such as 114, 132, 204, 210, 216, etc.) is presented in contacting engagement against the abrasive surface of the belt. This induces torsion of the belt out of the selected plane to conform to the cutting edge of the cutting tool (as generally depicted in FIGS. 7-8) and/or bending of the belt out of the selected plane at a radius of curvature determined in relation to said linear stiffness to shape a side surface of the cutting tool with said radius of curvature (as generally depicted in FIGS. 10A-10C).
At this point it will be noted that while preferred embodiments configure the belt to both deflect in a torsional mode to follow changes in the contour of the cutting edge and to deflect in a bending mode to provide a desired radius of curvature to the formed cutting edge, both deflection modes are not necessarily required. That is, while both modes are preferably utilized together, each has separate utility and can be implemented without the other. For example and not by way of limitation, a given tool may be rotated as the tool is drawn back across the belt, thereby removing the advantageous torsional operation of the belt upon the cutting edge. Indeed, the sharpener could be readily configured to support the belt and prevent such torsion, as desired. Accordingly, the flow of FIG. 15 shows that torsion and/or bend modes of deflection are induced during presentation of the tool.
Preferably, the sharpening operation is applied to opposing sides of the tool, such as depicted in FIGS. 10A-10C, so FIG. 15 applies the foregoing step to the other side of the tool at step 308. The operations at steps 306 and 308 can be carried out via the sharpening guides 112, or can be carried out on the belt 116 with the guide housing removed, as depicted in FIGS. 2 and 13-14.
A determination is made at decision step 310 as to whether additional sharpening operations are desired; if so, a new belt is installed onto the sharpener at step 312 and steps 304 through 310 are repeated using the new belt. Preferably, the new belt has a finer abrasiveness level (e.g., 1200 grit v. 400 grit, etc.) and less linear stiffness than then first belt. This sequence will generally result in the generation of a new cutting edge along the cutting tool, as depicted in FIGS. 10B-10C. Once all of the desired sharpening stages have been completed, the routine ends as shown at step 314.
While step 312 sets forth the removal of an existing belt and the installation of a new replacement belt onto the sharpener 100, it will be appreciated that such is not necessarily limiting to the scope of the claimed subject matter. Rather, the sharpener 100 can be readily adapted to concurrently operate multiple belts so that the tool is merely moved from one belt to another during the above sequence.
Any number of sharpener configurations can be employed as desired. As noted previously, the respective bending and twisting modes are dependent on a number of factors relating to the configuration, speed and tension force upon a given abrasive belt.
For purposes of reference, it has been found in preferred embodiments to utilize relatively narrow abrasive belts with lengths on the order of about 12 inches to 18 inches and widths of about 0.5 inches. The distance (journal length) between adjacent supports (e.g., such as the distance along the belt from rollers 118, 122 in FIG. 3) can preferably vary from as low as around 2 inches to up to about 6 inches or more. The linear speed of the belt can also vary, with a preferred range being from about 1,500 feet/minute (ft/min) to about 5,000 ft/min. A preferred tension force supplied to the belt (such as via the tensioner spring 126) is on the order of around 4 pounds (lbs), with a preferred range of from about 0.5 lbs to upwards of about 10 lbs. It will be appreciated that the foregoing values and ranges merely serve to illustrate preferred embodiments and are not limiting.
It is to be understood that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of various embodiments of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of various embodiments of the invention, this detailed description is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of structure and arrangements of parts within the principles of the present invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.

## Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:
an endless belt having an abrasive outer surface and a backing layer inner surface, the endless belt held in tension along a planar extent extending along a neutral plane between spaced apart first and second rollers against which the backing layer inner surface contactingly passes during continuous rotation of the belt along a routing path;
a guide assembly adjacent the planar extent of the belt comprising spaced apart first and second guide surfaces which collectively converge to an intervening base surface to form a guide channel, wherein the first guide surface extends at an acute angle with respect to the second guide surface and the base surface is fixed with respect to the neutral plane, wherein the guide assembly is configured such that during insertion of a blade of a cutting tool into the guide channel, a selected side of the blade contactingly slides against at least a selected one of the first or second guide surfaces and a first portion of a cutting edge of the blade contactingly engages the base surface to serve as a plunge depth limit stop for the blade, and wherein the endless belt is configured to be contactingly deflected by a second portion of the cutting edge away from the neutral plane to sharpen the second portion while the first portion remains in contact with the base surface; and
a tensioner assembly comprising a biasing member that applies a tension force to oppose the deflection of the belt out of the neutral plane, the tensioner assembly continuously applying the tension force in opposition to an insertion force applied to the cutting tool during insertion into the guide assembly, the tension force increasing responsive to deflection of the belt and contact of the first portion of the cutting edge with the base surface.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the base surface is a first base surface, the guide channel is a first guide channel adjacent a first edge of the endless belt, the guide assembly further comprises a second base surface of a second guide channel adjacent an opposing second edge of the endless belt, the second base portion configured to serve as a second plunge depth limit stop for the blade, the endless belt configured to pass between the first and second base surfaces, and the second base surface is configured to support a second portion of the cutting edge while the first base surface concurrently supports the first portion of the cutting edge.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the planar extent is a first planar extent and the guide assembly is a first guide assembly adjacent the first planar extent, the endless belt comprises a second planar extent extending between a selected one of the first or second rollers and a third roller, and the apparatus further comprises a second guide assembly, nominally identical to the first guide assembly, adjacent the second planar extent.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a proximity switch adjacent the guide assembly configured to sense the presence of the cutting tool within the guide channel.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a motor configured to respectively advance the endless belt in opposing first and second directions, the motor transitioning from the first direction to the second direction responsive to an indication from the proximity switch of the presence of the cutting tool within the guide channel.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first roller is characterized as an idler roller which rotates about a first axis that is fixed relative to the guide assembly, wherein the second roller is characterized as a tensioner roller connected to the tensioner assembly and which rotates about a second axis parallel to the first axis, the tensioner roller moving in a linear direction toward the idler roller responsive to deflection of the endless belt out of plane.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the tensioner assembly supplies the tension force to the belt in a range of from about 0.5 pounds to about 10 pounds.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the neutral plane is at an angle of about 20 degrees with respect to the first guide surface, wherein upon contact of the first portion of the cutting edge against the base surface the belt is deflected to induce a first, larger angle between the belt and the second portion of the cutting edge adjacent the first guide surface and to induce a second, smaller angle between the belt and the second portion of the cutting edge adjacent the second guide surface.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first roller is characterized as an idler roller which rotates about a first axis that is fixed relative to the guide assembly, wherein the second roller is characterized as a tensioner roller connected to the tensioner assembly and which rotates about a second axis parallel to the first axis and which is moveable toward the guide assembly responsive to deflection of the endless belt, and wherein the tensioner assembly comprises a biasing spring connected to the second roller to impart a deflection force to the second roller to deflect the second axis in a direction away from the first roller parallel to the first guide surface.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a distal end of the first guide surface opposite the base surface is arranged in facing relation toward the abrasive outer surface of the endless belt along the planar extent thereof, wherein a distal end of the second guide surface opposite the base surface is arranged in facing relation away from the abrasive outer surface of the endless belt along the planar extent thereof, and wherein the guide assembly is configured such that the selected side of the blade contactingly engages the first guide surface while the cutting edge contactingly engages the base surface.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the selected side of the blade is a first side, wherein the blade has an opposing second side, wherein the first and second sides converge to the cutting edge which extends along a length of the blade, and wherein at least one of the first or second sides of the blade are brought into respective contact with the first or second guide surfaces as the first portion of the cutting edge contactingly engages the base surface.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the guide assembly is further configured to sequentially support the entirety of the cutting edge as the blade is drawn across the endless belt, wherein the deflection of the belt out of the neutral plane will vary in relation to a profile of the cutting edge.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a housing which supports the first and second rollers, wherein the guide assembly is removably engageable with the housing, and wherein the guide assembly covers at least a selected one of the first or second rollers.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a drive motor configured to rotate a selected one of the first or second rollers via a drive shaft that remains a fixed distance from the guide assembly irrespective of the presentation of the cutting tool therein, wherein a remaining one of the first or second rollers is an idler roller which rotates responsive to rotation of the belt.

15. An apparatus comprising:
an endless belt having an abrasive outer surface and a backing layer inner surface, the endless belt held in tension along a planar extent extending along a neutral plane between spaced apart first and second rollers against which the backing layer inner surface contactingly passes during continuous rotation of the belt along a routing path;
a tensioner assembly attached to at least one of the first or second rollers to supply a first tension force to the belt while the planar extent is aligned along the neutral plane; and
a guide assembly adjacent the planar extent of the belt comprising spaced apart first and second guide surfaces which collectively converge to an intervening base surface to form a guide channel, wherein the guide assembly is configured such that during insertion of a blade of a cutting tool into the guide channel, a selected side of the blade contactingly slides against at least a selected one of the first or second guide surfaces and a first portion of a cutting edge of the blade contactingly engages the base surface to serve as a plunge depth limit stop for the blade, wherein the endless belt is configured to be contactingly deflected by a second portion of the cutting edge away from the neutral plane to sharpen the second portion while the first portion remains in contact with the base surface, and wherein the tensioner assembly supplies a greater, second tension force to the belt while the first portion of the cutting edge is contacting the base surface.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first guide surface extends at an acute angle with respect to the second guide surface and the base surface is fixed with respect to the neutral plane.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the base surface is a first base surface, the guide channel is a first guide channel adjacent a first edge of the endless belt, the guide assembly further comprises a second base surface of a second guide channel adjacent an opposing second edge of the endless belt, the second base portion configured to serve as a second plunge depth limit stop for the blade, the endless belt configured to pass between the first and second base surfaces, and the second base surface is configured to support a second portion of the cutting edge while the first base surface concurrently supports the first portion of the cutting edge.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the planar extent is a first planar extent and the guide assembly is a first guide assembly adjacent the first planar extent, the endless belt comprises a second planar extent extending between a selected one of the first or second rollers and a third roller, and the apparatus further comprises a second guide assembly, nominally identical to the first guide assembly, adjacent the second planar extent.

19. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a proximity switch adjacent the guide assembly configured to sense the presence of the cutting tool within the guide channel.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a motor configured to respectively advance the endless belt in opposing first and second directions, the motor transitioning from the first direction to the second direction responsive to an indication from the proximity switch of the presence of the cutting tool within the guide channel.

21. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first roller is characterized as an idler roller which rotates about a first axis that is fixed relative to the guide assembly, wherein the second roller is characterized as a tensioner roller connected to the tensioner assembly and which rotates about a second axis parallel to the first axis, the tensioner roller moving in a linear direction toward the idler roller responsive to deflection of the endless belt out of plane.

22. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the tensioner assembly supplies the tension force to the belt in a range of from about 0.5 pounds to about 10 pounds.

23. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the neutral plane is at an angle of about 20 degrees with respect to the first guide surface, wherein upon contact of the first portion of the cutting edge against the base surface the belt is deflected to induce a first, larger angle between the belt and the second portion of the cutting edge adjacent the first guide surface and to induce a second, smaller angle between the belt and the second portion of the cutting edge adjacent the second guide surface.

24. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the selected side of the blade is a first side, wherein the blade has an opposing second side, wherein the first and second sides converge to the cutting edge which extends along a length of the blade, and wherein at least one of the first or second sides of the blade are brought into respective contact with the first or second guide surfaces as the first portion of the cutting edge contactingly engages the base surface.

25. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the guide assembly is further configured to sequentially support the entirety of the cutting edge as the blade is drawn across the endless belt, wherein the deflection of the belt out of the neutral plane will vary in relation to a profile of the cutting edge.

26. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a housing which supports the first and second rollers, wherein the guide assembly is removably engageable with the housing, and wherein the guide assembly covers at least a selected one of the first or second rollers.

27. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a drive motor configured to rotate a selected one of the first or second rollers via a drive shaft, wherein a remaining one of the first or second rollers is an idler roller which rotates responsive to rotation of the belt.

28. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first roller is characterized as an idler roller which rotates about a first axis that is fixed relative to the guide assembly, and wherein the second roller is characterized as a tensioner roller connected to the tensioner assembly and which rotates about a second axis parallel to the first axis and which is moveable toward to the guide assembly responsive to deflection of the endless belt.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the tensioner assembly comprises a biasing spring connected to the second roller to impart a deflection force to the second roller to deflect the second axis in a direction away from the first roller parallel to the first guide surface.