BULLETIN 66

551 Description – Markee Spring, also known as Mud Stone Spring, has an oval-shaped pool 22 ft (6.7 m) long and 10 ft (3.1 m) wide. Depth measures 2.1 ft (0.6 m). There is a slight cone-like depression at the center of the pool. The vent is not discernable due to mud, leaves,and organic debris covering the pool bottom. The water is tannic but clear. No aquatic vegetation or algae are present and no boil is visible. The run is 500 ft long (157.4 m), 10 ft (3.1 m) wide and 1 ft (0.3 m) deep. It splits and meanders as it flows north into the surrounding floodplain and ultimately into the Sulphur Run. Like the spring pool, its bottom is covered with mud and an abundance of debris. The area surrounding the spring is a publicly-owned
lowland hardwood forest.

Moccasin Spring

Location
– Lat. 28° 51’ 08.21” N, Long. 81° 26’ 34.46” W (NW1⁄4 NW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 sec. 8 T. 19 S, R. 29 E). Moccasin Spring is located within the Seminole State Forest approximately 7 miles (11.3 km) west of Sanford. The spring is located along Seminole Creek and permission to visit the spring can be obtained from the Seminole State Forest main offices in Leesburg.

Description – Moccasin Spring forms a pool of clear water 40 ft (12.2 m) long, 30 ft (9.1 m) wide, and 3 ft (0.9 m) deep. The pebble strewn vent is roughly 1 ft (0.3 m) in diameter. The pool bottom is sand and a prominent boil is visible. Abundant detritus is in and around the Figure 151. Moccasin Spring (FGS photo archives).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

552 spring pool and run. The run is approximately 9 ft (2.7 m) wide, 1 ft (0.3 m) deep, and flowseast into Blackwater Creek. The surrounding environment is heavily forested with hardwoods, palms, and palmettos. Nearby is a camping area for visitors of the Seminole State Forest. The discharge of Moccasin Spring is 0.29 ft 3/s (6) . It is surrounded by public land.

Mooring Cove Spring

Location – Lat. 28° 45’ 00.42” N, Long. 81° 50’ 01.23” W (NE1⁄4 SW1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec. 17 T. 20 S, R. 25 E). Mooring Cove Spring is located on private land within the Lake and Springs Estate, 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Leesburg. The area is currently under development.

Description – Mooring Cove Spring has a circular spring pool 200 ft (61 m) in diameter and4.5 ft (1.4 m) deep. Clear water issues from a few small sand boils in the algae-covered bottom. During the April 2003 visit, a mass of floating green algae nearly covered the spring pool’s surface. Concrete steps lead down a steep grass bank to the spring. The spring run is 3.5 ft (1.1 m) wide, 0.6 ft (0.1 m) deep, and flows north approximately 170 ft (51.8 m) into a man-made canal that feeds into Lake Harris from the south. The spring is surrounded by private land. Figure 152. Mooring Cove Spring (photo by T. Roberts).BULLETIN 66

553 Mosquito Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 02’ 11.33” N, Long. 81° 26’ 04.99” W (NE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 SW1⁄4 sec. 37, T. 17 S, R. 29 E). Mosquito Spring is located within the Ocala National Forest approximately 8 miles (12.9 km) west of Deland. From the SR 44 bridge over the St. Johns River, drive west on SR 44 approximately 0.3 miles (0.5 km) to the junction with SR 42. Turn north (right) onto SR 42 and drive approximately 0.3 miles (0.5 km) to the junction with Crow’s Bluff Road. Turn east (right) onto Crow’s Bluff Road and travel approximately 0.2 miles (0.3 km) to the boat landing on the St. Johns River. Launch boat and travel north (downriver) approximately 5.6 miles (9 km). The spring run enters the St. Johns River from the west near Deadman’s
Bend.

Description – Mosquito Spring discharges into an elongated pool 22 ft (6.7 m) long, 12 ft (3.6 m) wide, and 2 ft (0.6 m) deep. Two limestone vents issue clear water creating separate boils at the surface. Dark green algae intermingle with white sulfur-reducing bacteria along the pool bottom, where fossil shell fragments can be found. There is a hydrogen sulfide odor. There are two smaller sand boils downstream and one upstream of the spring pool. A run 4 ft (1.2 m) wide, 0.8 ft (0.2 m) deep, and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) long flows northeast into the St. Johns River. The ravine around the pool and run slopes upward 8 ft (2.4 m) into a hardwood forest. It is surrounded by public land. Figure 153. Mosquito Spring (photo by A. Willet).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

554 Palm Spring

Location – Lat. 28° 50’ 37.58” N, Long. 81° 27’ 00.34” W (NE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec. 18, T. 19 S, R. 29 E). Palm Spring is located within the Seminole State Forest 7 miles (11.3 km) west of Sanford. The spring flows into Blackwater Creek. Permission to visit this spring may be obtained by visiting the Seminole State Forest offices in Leesburg.

Description – Palm Spring has no spring pool; it is composed of five or six sand boils that flow from different points into one run. Water is clear and there is white sulphur-reducing bacteria surrounding the entire area. The spring has a strong hydrogen sulfide odor. The multiple boils form a run that is 4.5 ft (1.4 m) wide, 0.3 ft (0.1 m) deep, and flows east for 0.3 miles (0.5 km) into Blackwater Creek. The run has a sand bottom covered in a thin layer of dark brown mud and various colored algae. For decades this spring was dammed into a lake; however recently the dam was removed and the once-submerged terrain is now exposed. As the ecology in the area changes, new grass and shrubs are growing in areas that were once underwater. The surrounding publicly-owned land is a dense forest filled with an array of trees, including sweet gums and palms. High ground rises 6 ft (1.8 m) above the spring. Figure 154. Palm Spring (photo by T. Roberts).BULLETIN 66

555 Sandy’s Spring

Location – Lat. 28° 44’ 42.11” N, Long. 81° 48’ 35.95” W (NE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 sec. 16, T. 20 S, R. 25 E). Sandy’s Spring is located behind a private residence 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Leesburg. The spring run flows into Lake Harris from the south approximately 0.2 miles(0.3 km) west of the intersection of Yalaha Cutoff and Lakeshore Drive, within the community of Yalaha.

Description – Sandy’s Spring pool is oval-shaped measuring 18 ft (5.5 m) long, 7 ft (2.1 m) wide, and 4 ft (1.2 m) deep. The pool has a mud bottom with tree debris and other detritus. The cloudy water is tinted greenish-brown. The spring run is 2 ft (0.6 m) deep, 3 ft (0.9 m)wide, and approximately 150 ft (45.7 m) long. The run, which is 1 ft (0.3 m) deep, has a bottom similar to that of the spring pool. It flows in a northwestern direction, meanders to the northeast, flows under Lakeshore Drive, and empties into Lake Harris. The ground slopes down 2 ft (0.6 m) to meet the surface of the spring pool. A grassy area surrounds the spring pool, while the run is bordered by dense palmettos and cypress trees. A private residence lies 50 ft (15.2 m) to the north of the spring pool and private property surrounds the spring
and run. Figure 155. Sandy’s Spring (photo by SJRWMD).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

556 Sharks Tooth Spring

Location – Lat. 28° 52’ 23.73” N, Long. 81° 26’ 24.10” W (SE1⁄4 SW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 sec. 32, T 18 S, R. 29 E). Sharks Tooth Spring is located within the
Seminole State Forest 7.0 miles (11.3 km) west of
Sanford. Permission to visit and directions may be obtained
from the Seminole State Forest main offices in Leesburg.

Description – Sharks Tooth Spring begins at the base of a
hillside and flows from weathered limestone and clay. Clear spring water creates a run 2 ft (0.6 m) wide and 0.2 ft (0.1 m) deep that flows northeast 800 ft (243.8 m) into Sulphur Run. The run has a sand and pebble
bottom. A hardwood forest with hiking and equestrian trails surrounds the spring.There is also a primitive campsite nearby. It is within publicly owned land.

Figure 156. Sharks Tooth Spring (photo by T. Roberts).BULLETIN 66

557 Snail Springs

Location – Lat. 28° 49’ 25.84” N, Long. 81° 29’ 11.32” W (NE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec. 23, T. 19 S, R. 28 E). Snail Springs are located in the Seminole State Forest about 7 miles (11.3 km)
west of Sanford on SR 46A. Permission to visit and directions can be obtained from the Seminole State Forest main office in Leesburg.

Description – Snail Springs consists of three separate springs. The largest spring pool is 12 ft (3.7 m) in diameter and 0.2 ft (0.1 m) deep. Clear water issues from eight sand boils within the pool; the largest of which is 4 ft (1.2 m) in diameter. The main spring run which is 8 ft (2.4 m) wide and 0.2 ft (0.1 m) deep, flows northwest 0.6 miles (1.0 km) into Seminole Creek. The subsequent springs feed this run. The second spring creates a narrow run filled with small sand boils and flows north 65 ft (19.8 m) to the main spring run. The third spring pool is 8 ft (2.4 m) long, 6 ft (1.8 m) wide, and 0.3 ft (0.1 m) deep. Clear water flows from a 1 ft (0.3 m) diameter pipe creating a prominent boil. The two latter springs have a stronghydrogen sulfide odor and white sulfur-reducing bacteria in the water. Hardwood forest surrounds the spring, except for a small clearing to the south with an abandoned homestead. It is surrounded by public land. Figure 157. Snail Springs (photo by SJRWMD).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

558 Sun Eden Spring

Location – Lat. 28° 44’ 39.98” N, Long. 81° 49’ 11.60” W (sec. 16 (irregular section), T. 20 S, R. 25 E). Sun Eden Spring is located within a private residential area 5.5 miles (8.9 km) southeast of Leesburg on the south side of Lake Harris. The springhead is approximately 300 ft (91.4 m) southwest of the intersection of Lakeside Drive and Orange Avenue in
Yalaha.

Description – Sun Eden Spring is comprised of several small sand boils in an oval-shaped spring pool which measures 66 ft (20.1 m) wide and 75 ft (22.9 m) long. Maximum depth is 3.0 ft (0.9 m). The spring pool has a sand bottom with sparse amounts of algae and a thin film of dark organic matter. Water clarity is excellent; however, the surface of the spring pool is covered in a thin layer of algae. The spring run flows west, is diverted under a road, and empties on the other side via a large pipe. The run is impounded by a 2 ft (0.6 m) high retaining wall for almost its entire length. The run is 400 ft (121.9 m) long, 3 ft (0.9 m) wide, and 0.4 ft (0.1 m) deep. The run flows into another man-made channel and travels 0.3 miles (0.5 km) into Lake Harris. The bottom of the spring run is sand and is covered with someleaf debris. Around the spring pool, the land gently rises to 1 ft (0.3 m) above the water surface. The spring is surrounded by a private residential area. The nearest house is 50 ft (15.2 m) to the north and Lake Harris is just beyond another 550 ft (167.6 m). A grass lawn with one palm tree and a few small shrubs and sweet gums surround the spring pool Figure 158. Sun Eden Spring (photo by T. Roberts).BULLETIN 66

559 LEVY COUNTY

Big King Spring

Location – Lat. 29? 06’ 59.12” N., Long. 82? 38’ 32.14” W. (SW1⁄4 NW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 sec. 1, T. 16 S., R. 16 E.). Big King Spring is located on private land 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north of Inglis. It is adjacent to and on the northwest side of the Caruth Sherriff’s Youth Camp property and is not publicly accessible.

Description – Big King Spring pool measures 75 ft (22.9 m) north to south and 45 ft (13.7 m) east to west with an estimated depth of 8 ft (2.4 m). Three small boils with 5 -8 ft (1.5 m – 2.4 m) long rivulets emerge from limestone cracks at the base of a sand hill on the east side of the spring pool. Another small vent with a visible boil issues from the pool center. The spring pool was tannic during the August 2003 visit though water flowing from the spring vents was clear. This wild spring sits in a dense hardwood lowland forest with sand hills rising to 8 ft (2.4 m) on the east side of the spring pool. Flow from Big King and Little King Springs flow through the Gulf Hammock region of the Big Bend into the Gulf of Mexico, in or near Withlacoochee Bay. Other names for this spring are Big Spring or King Spring. This spring is surrounded by private property.

Lancaster Spring (LEV97991)

Figure 159. Lancaster Spring (photo by A. Willet).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

560 Location – Lat. 29o 11’ 26.52” N, Long. 82o 59’ 17.42” W (SE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec.10, T. 15 S, R.13 E). Lancaster Spring, also referred to as LEV97991 (Hornsby and Ceryak, 1998), is located in the Waccasassa Bay State Preserve 4.5 miles (7.2 km) northeast of Cedar Key. This spring forms the headwaters of Spring Creek, which flows into the Gulf of Mexico. It can be accessed by boat.

Description – Lancaster Spring discharges into an elongated pool measuring 90 ft (27.4 m) by 45 ft (13.7 m) with a depth of 8 ft (2.4 m). There were no vents visible during the June 2003 visit but a park official reported that vents are located on the north side and center of the pool area. A slight boil is visible at the pool center. The water is clear with a hydrogen sulfide odor and there are copper-colored stains on the bank and trees surrounding thespring. The spring run is 10 ft (3.1 m) wide, 1 ft (0.3 m) deep and flows south for approximately 500 ft (152.4 m), where it forms the headwaters of Spring Creek. The spring and run are tidally influenced and can become totally submerged. The area adjacent to the spring isa cedar and palm hammock surrounded by marsh grasses. The spring is surrounded by public land. Discharge on September 7, 1999 was estimated at 5 ft 3/sec (4)

.

LEV719991

Location – Lat. 29° 27’ 03.70” N, Long. 82o 41’ 43.32” W (SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 sec. 10, T. 12 S, R. 16 E). LEV719991 is located near Levy Blue Spring approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of Bronson in a county park. From the US Alt 27 and SR 24 intersection in Bronson, travel 2.3 miles (3.7 km) northwest on US Alt 27 to CR 339A. Turn west then southwest Figure 160 – LEV 719991 (photo by D. Hornsby).BULLETIN 66

561 (left) on CR 339A (NE 94th Place or Blue Springs Road) and follow the road 2 miles (3.2 km) down to the park. LEV719991 is located approximately 0.2 miles (0.3 km) due east of Levy Blue Spring.

Description – LEV719991 has a circular spring pool 65 ft (19.8 m) in diameter and 12 ft (3.7 m) deep. Brown algae and detritus litter the mud bottom. The water is bluish and cloudy and the pool is encircled by lily pads and other aquatic vegetation. A slight boil forms in the middle of the pool. A wooden dock extends halfway over the pool. The spring run is 10 ft (3.1 m) wide, 0.7 ft (0.2 m) deep and flows west 800 ft (243.8 m) into Blue Spring Run. Forested lowlands surround the spring. Discharge on July 19, 1999 was estimated at 15
ft 3/sec (4)

.

Little Fanning Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 35’ 11.03” N, Long. 82° 56’ 07.69” W (NW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec. 29, T. 10 S, R. 14 E). This spring is located near the town of Fanning Springs, in Fanning Springs State Park. The park entrance is located on the east side of the Suwannee River on US19/alt 27/98. It is approximately 0.2 miles (0.3 km) east of the bridge over the Suwannee River. Little Fanning Spring is located approximately 0.1 miles (0.2 km) south of Fanning Spring.

Description – Little Fanning Spring was not flowing during the December 2002 visit. The spring pool measures 75 ft (22.9 m) east to west and 25 ft (7.6 m) north to south and is 2 ft(0.6 m) deep. Exposed limestone on the northeastern side of the pool may signify the locaFigure 161. Little Fanning Spring (photo by D. Hornsby).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

562tion of the spring vent. The pool bottom is almost completely covered with algae and aquatic vegetation is present. The water is tinted green. The 350 ft (106.7 m) long spring run is completely covered by aquatic vegetation. The banks rise 4 ft (1.2 m) above the surface of the spring into mixed hardwood forest. The spring is located within Fanning Springs StateRecreation Area, a popular swimming area with picnic pavilions, restrooms, and concessions. The larger Fanning Springs, the focal point of this recreation area, is located 400 ft (121.9 m) to the north. Discharge on August 18, 1997 measured 14.25 ft 3/sec (4)

.

Little King Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 06’ 39.05” N., Long. 82° 38’ 52.14” W. (NW1⁄4 NE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec. 12, T. 16 S., R. 16 E.). Little King Spring is located within a dense hardwood swamp on the western side of Caruth Camp, a Sherriff’s Youth Ranch. The property is on the west side of US 19/98 approximately 5 miles (8.1 km) north of Inglis. Permission to visit this spring must be obtained from the camp office.

Description – Little King Spring sits in a low banked bowl-shaped depression surrounded by a wooden boardwalk. The spring pool is approximately 35 ft (10.7 m) in diameter. There are two vents, one east and one on the west side of the pool with estimated depths of 15 to20 ft (4.6 to 6.1 m). Limestone is present near each of the vents. The spring was tannic during the August 2003 visit but is reported to flow clear during drier times. The run averages2 ft (0.6 m) deep and 10 ft (3.1 m) wide and flows west through the swamp, eventually reaching the Gulf of Mexico in or near Withlacoochee Bay. Wooden bleachers are built on the east side of the spring for presentations. This spring is also known as Caruth Spring or Little Spring. The spring is surrounded by the Florida Sheriff’s Youth Ranch. Figure 162. Little King Spring (photo by Springs Fever).BULLETIN 66

563 Wekiva Springs

Location – Lat. 29° 16’ 49.49” N, Long. 82° 39’ 21.90” W (NW1⁄4 NW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 sec. 7, T. 14 S, R. 17 E). Wekiva Springs are located 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the intersection of CR 343 and SR 326, approximately 11 miles (17.7 km) south of Bronson, adjacent to Goethe State Forest. The springs are located on private property.

Description –Wekiva Springs consists of three irregularly shaped pools in a complex of limestone solution cavities. The southern-most pool contains the main spring vent and measures 120 ft (36.6 m) by 60 ft (18.3 m) with a reported depth of 30 ft (9.1 m). Boils are visible at the northeast and southwest sides of the pool. The elongated pool 120 ft (36.6 m) northeast of the main pool measures 40 ft (12.2 m) by 20 ft (6.1 m) and is 8 ft (2.4 m) deep.
Two small vents with small boils are observed at the north and south sides of the second pool. The third pool area is 75 ft (22.9 m) north of the main pool. It is 60 ft (18.3 m) by 80 ft (24.4 m) and contains several large boils. There are also several boils present in the run between the main spring vent and the third pool area. The water is clear and bluish. Alongthe southern side of the pool, a man-made stone wall containing a water wheel partially separates the pool from the spring run. All of the pools are connected by open channels in the limestone and combine to form the headwaters of the Wekiva River. The spring run is approximately 70 ft (21.3 m) long. The Wekiva River flows approximately 7 miles (11.3 km) southwest into the Waccasassa River. The privately-owned area surrounding the spring has a manicured lawn and trees. Discharge on July 30 th 1997 was 26.28 ft 3/s (4)

. Figure 163. Wekiva Spring (photo by A. Willet).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

564 MADISON COUNTY

Fara Spring (MAD922977)

Location – Lat. 30° 16’ 34.44” N, Long. 83° 14’ 08.95” W (SW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 sec. 29, T. 2 S, R.11 E). From the Dowling Park boat ramp on the Suwannee River, the spring is approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north (upriver) along the west bank.

Description – The Fara Spring (also known as MAD922977) pool measures 8 ft (2.4 m) east to west and 15 ft (4.6 m) north to south. Water flows from a semi-circular gap in the exposed limestone on the northwest side of the pool. The pool bottom is sand with a few exposed rocks. The spring water is clear blue and there is a slight boil on the water surface. Sparse aquatic vegetation and algae are present in the spring pool. The run is 5 ft (1.5 m) long, 3 ft (0.9 m) wide and 1 ft (0.3 m) deep with a limestone bottom. Banks surrounding the spring pool slope up to 15 ft (4.6 m) above the spring pool. Exposed limestone near the vent rises 4 ft (1.2 m) above the water surface. This spring is surrounded by private property. Discharge on September 22, 1997 measured 10.43 ft 3/sec (4)

.

MAD610981

Figure 164. MAD 610981 (photo by A. Willet).BULLETIN 66

565 Location – Lat. 30° 24’ 53.86” N, Long. 83° 12’ 05.32” W (SE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec. 10, T. 1 S, R. 11 E). MAD610981 is located 3.2 miles (5.2 km) upriver from the Suwannee River State Park on the Withlacoochee River. Private property surrounds this spring.

Description – MAD610981 was completely inundated by the Withlacoochee River during the June 2003 visit. The muddy, tannic river water transformed this spring into a cove 70ft (21.3 m) long, 30 ft (9.1 m) wide, and 8 ft (2.4 m) deep. Near the end of the inlet is a prominent boil 5 ft (1.5 m) in diameter with limestone exposed around the water’s edge. The ground slopes steeply upward 30 ft (9.1 m) and levels off into a privately-owned hardwood forest. The discharge of this spring measured 5.84 ft 3/s (4) on June 10, 1998.

MAD612982

Location – Lat. 30° 28’ 21.93” N, Long. 83° 14’ 36.31” W (SE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec. 19, T. 1 N, R. 11 E). MAD612982 is located approximately 1.4 miles (2.3 km) north of the CR 141 bridge over the Withlacoochee River. The spring flows in from the west bank and is located just below a power line.

Description – MAD612982 is a multiple spring vent system with at least three vents discharging from the bottom of a limestone bluff approximately 18 ft (5.5 m) high. Hornsby and Ceryak (1998) reported nine discharge points at this spring. The vents range from 2-12 ft (0.6-3.7 m) wide and depths range from 0.5 to 2.8 ft (0.1-0.9 m). Several boils are visible. The water color is light blue with excellent clarity. A moderate amount of blue-green algae covers the spring vents and runs. The spring runs flow southeast 3-4 ft (0.9-1.2 m) into the Withlacoochee River. The spring is surrounded by ferns, moss, live oaks, and pines and is on private land. Discharge on June 12, 1998 was estimated at 15 ft 3/sec (4)

.FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

566 MANATEE COUNTY

Manatee Mineral Spring

Location – Lat. 27° 29’ 51.41” N, Long. 82° 32’ 57.04” W (NW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec. 25, T. 34 S, R. 17 E). From the junction of US 41 and Manatee Avenue in Bradenton, head east on Manatee Avenue approximately 0.9 miles (1.4 km) to the intersection with 14 th Street. Turn north (left) onto 14 th Street and drive approximately 0.2 miles (0.3 km) and the spring will be on the west (left) side of the street.

Description – Manatee Mineral Spring has been extensively altered since the 1940s andthe spring pool is currently beneath a 5 ft (1.5 m) diameter concrete slab. Under the concrete slab, the spring is ringed by a concrete retaining wall. This historic mineral spring flows northward entering the Manatee River from the south. The flow has been diverted into the neighborhood storm water drainage system. The spring was recently a city park and playground equipment still remains. The Manatee River is visible through private yards 650 ft (198.1 m) to the north. The new owners plan to restore the spring to its historic condition. A state historical marker is located at the spring. Figure 165 – Manatee Mineral Spring (photo by R. Means).MARION COUNTY

Camp Seminole Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 30’ 21.79” N, Long. 81° 57’ 05.23” W (NW1⁄4 NW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 sec. 25, T. 11 S, R. 23 E). Camp Seminole Spring is located on private property 0.75 miles (1.2 km) west of Orange Springs off of CR 21.

Description – Camp Seminole Spring has been altered into a heart-shaped concrete pool 90 ft (27.4 m) wide, 114 ft (34.8 m) long, and 3 ft (0.9 m) deep. Clear water issues from a 4 ft (1.2 m) wide sand boil located next to a wooden dock on the west side of the pool. Green algae grows in the spring pool. Adjacent to the pool is a working gristmill which marks the head of the spring run. The run is 5 ft (1.5 m) wide, 0.6 ft (0.2 m) deep, and flows 0.2 miles (0.3 km) north into Orange Creek. The original owners created a resort for honeymooners. The current owners use this property as a Girl Scout camp. The average discharge for 2000
was 0.79 ft 3/s (6)

.

Indian Creek Springs Group

At least four springs form the 0.4 miles (0.6 km) long Indian Creek, which enters the east side of the Rainbow River directly across from Cave Spring. During the April 2003 visit, we were unable to locate Indian Creek Spring No. 1, but SWFWMD has a GPS coordinate for this spring (Lat. 29° 05’ 35.91” N, Long. 82° 25’ 06.35” W). The lowland forest was entirely flooded during April 2003, which prevented locating this spring. Indian Creek Springs Numbers 1-4 formerly were named Rainbow Swamp Springs Nos. 1-4

. The land surrounding these springs is state-owned.

Indian Creek Spring No. 2

Location – Lat. 29° 05’ 35.59” N, Long. 82° 25’ 15.84” W (NE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec. 18, T. 16 S, R. 19 E). Indian Creek Spring No. 2 is 85 ft (25.9 m) northeast of Indian Creek Spring No. 4, up a narrow, small spring run. It is in a widened area of the Indian Creek channel.

Description – Indian Creek Spring No. 2 discharges from two connected conical depressions in a widened area of the Indian Creek channel. Each depression is only about 6 ft (1.8 m) in diameter with a maximum depth of 4.2 ft (1.3 m). The 35 ft (10.7 m) diameter spring pool is shallow with a sand bottom and is surrounded by a dense swamp forest. The water flows clear but slightly brown. Indian Creek narrows and continues upstream from this spring, presumably to Indian Creek No. 1 but during the April 2003 the forest upstream was completely flooded. Downstream, the run flows with an average depth of 1.5 ft (0.5 m) and a width of 5 ft (1.5 m) to Indian Creek Spring No. 4. BULLETIN 66

567Indian Creek Spring No. 3

Location – Lat. 29° 05’ 34.64” N, Long. 82° 25’ 15.21” W (NE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec. 18, T. 16 S, R. 19 E). Indian Creek Spring No. 3 sits in a large cove that drains into the west side of Indian Creek just downstream of where it narrows and flows over Indian Creek Spring No.
4 and No. 2.

Description – Indian Creek Spring No. 3 sits in a circular depression 35 ft (10.7 m) in diameter. Maximum depth is 10.2 ft (3.1 m). The bottom surrounding the vent is sand with fallen logs but detritus covers the rest of the pool. Clear, blue water issues with enough forceto create a small boil over the center of the vent. The spring is surrounded by a dense, lowland forest. The short spring run flows 40 ft (12.2 m) west into Indian Creek Spring No. 4 spring pool. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

568 Figure 166. Indian Creek Springs Group, Indian Creek Spring No. 2 (photo by R. Means).Indian Creek Spring No. 4

Location – Lat. 29° 05’ 34.82” N, Long. 82° 25’ 16.23” W (NE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec. 18, T. 16 S, R. 19 E). Indian Creek Spring No. 4 is located at the top of the main channel of Indian Creek where the stream appears to split. Indian Creek Spring No. 3 flows in from the east sideand Indian Creek Spring No. 4 is located in a pool to the west. The spring is easily identified by a staff gauge on the northeast side of the spring pool.

Description – Indian Creek Spring No. 4 discharges into a circular bowl-shaped depression 80 ft (24.4 m) in diameter. The spring issues from a 15.5 ft (4.7 m) deep sand vent strewn with limestone boulders. Filamentous algae and detritus coat the pool bottom. During theApril 2003 visit, very little flow was discharging and no boil was visible. The spring is surrounded by a dense, lowland forest. A much narrower Indian Creek, with yellowish-green water, flows from the northeast. To the south, Indian Creek Spring No. 4 combines with the flow from Indian Creek Spring No. 3 and travels 0.4 miles (0.6 km) southwest to the
Rainbow River. BULLETIN 66

569 Figure 167. Indian Creek Springs Group, Indian Creek Spring No. 4 (photo by R. Means).Morman Branch Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 11’ 32.83” N, Long. 81° 39’ 27.87” W (F.M. Arredondo Grant sec. 37, T. 14 S, R. 27 E). Morman Branch Spring is located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Silver Glen Spring in the Ocala National Forest off of SR 19. From the junction of SR 40 andSR 19 head north on SR 19 approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) to where Morman Branch passes under the road. The spring is located approximately 0.2 miles (0.3 km) west (upstream)
of SR 19.

Description – Morman Branch Spring consists of many seeps and sand boils. Clear water also issues from a small root filled vent at the base of a tree. The spring run is 0.4 ft (0.1 m) deep and is filled with soft mud and detritus. The average width of the run is 10 ft (3.1 m)and it flows east 500 ft (152.4 m) into the tannic waters of Morman Branch. Another seepage run is nearby. Publicly-owned hardwood forest surrounds the spring and Morman Branch as it flows toward Lake George. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

570 Figure 168. Morman Branch Spring (photo by A. Willet).Rainbow Springs Group

Rainbow Springs Group forms the headwaters of the Rainbow River. Several springs arelocated in the uppermost portion of the river, within the Rainbow River State Park boundary, however, there are also springs downstream from the State Park that issue directly from the limestone river bottom and produce significant boils on the river surface. The park is located 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north of Dunnellon. From the intersection with CR 484 in Dunnellon, drive 3.8 miles (6.1 km) north on US 41 to the large sign indicating the entrance to Rainbow Springs State Park. Turn east (right) onto the access road and continue 0.8 miles (1.3 km) to the parking area near the head of the Rainbow River.

RAINBOW CAVE SPRING - Lat. 29° 05’ 24.89” N, Long. 82° 25’ 35.24” W (SW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec. 18, T. 16 S, R. 19 E). Rainbow Cave Spring is located on the west side of Rainbow River less than 0.1 miles (0.2 km) upstream from the Rainbow River State ParkCampground. There are grass islands both above and below this spring in the river channel. Indian Creek enters the opposite side of the river approximately 150 ft (45.7 m) due east of the spring. Rainbow Cave Spring issues from a cave on the north side of a bowlshaped depression 50 ft (15.2 m) in diameter. The surrounding limestone bedrock is heavily fractured and small vents and sand boils are numerous. Native aquatic grass surrounds the 15.9 ft (4.9 m) deep vent. The spring flows from the bottom of the Rainbow River and private residences with boat docks are located on the west bank. During the April 2003 visit, Rainbow Cave Spring was issuing the most water of any spring visited on
the Rainbow River.

RAINBOW SPRING NO. 2 - Lat. 29° 06’ 08.35” N, Long. 82° 26’ 14.18” W (SE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 sec. 12, T. 16 S, R. 18 E). Rainbow Spring No. 2 is located 85 ft (25.9 m) southeast of Rainbow Spring No. 1, east of the southeast corner of the swim area. Rainbow Spring No. 2 issues from the bottom of Rainbow River into the main head springs pool area. The vent is a bowl-shaped depression 20 ft (6.1 m) in diameter identified by a dark blue hole visible from the surface and measuring 9.5 ft (2.9 m) deep. Natural aquatic vegetation surrounds the sand vent and some exposed limestone is present. A roped-in swim area is 30 ft (9.1 m) to the west and the land surrounding the spring is part of the Rainbow River State
Park.

RAINBOW SPRING NO. 3 - Lat. 29° 06’ 07.55” N, Long. 82° 26’ 13.98” W (SE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 sec. 12, T. 16 S, R. 18 E). Rainbow Spring No. 3 is 83 ft (25.3 m) south of Rainbow Spring No. 2. The spring is easily located by a log lying across the vent opening. Rainbow Spring No. 3 issues from a 20 ft (6.1 m) diameter depression at the bottom of the Rainbow River.Depth over the vent measures 11.6 ft (3.5 m) and during the April 2003 visit no boil was visible. The water is clear and blue. A log lies across the vent opening and the bottom is sand and limestone with large boulders and aquatic vegetation. The spring is surrounded by the
Rainbow River State Park. BULLETIN 66

571FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

572 Figure 169. Rainbow Springs Group, Rainbow Spring No. 2 (photo by R. Means).

Figure 170. Rainbow Springs Group, Rainbow Spring No. 3 (photo by R. Meegan).RAINBOW SPRING NO. 5 - Lat. 29° 05’ 54.61” N, Long. 82° 26’ 10.94” W (SE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 SE1⁄4sec. 12, T. 16 S, R. 18 E). Rainbow Spring No. 5 is located farther downstream than the cluster of head springs, issuing from the bottom of the Rainbow River on the west side. The spring is 0.25 miles (0.4 km) downstream from Rainbow Spring No. 4 and 50 ft (15.2 m)upstream from the State Park boundary. Rainbow Spring No.5 discharges from an elongated bowl-shaped depression that is 40 ft (12.2 m) north to south by 20 ft (6.1 m) east to west. The spring issues clear, blue water from many separate boils and vents clustered on the bottom of the Rainbow River. Maximum depth measures 12.6 ft (3.8 m). The vents are surrounded by native aquatic grass and limestone boulders. The spring is located within theRainbow River State Park. Land to the west is dense with vegetation and there is a walkway maintained by the State Park.

RAINBOW SPRING NO. 7 - Lat. 29° 05’ 32.13” N, Long. 82° 25’ 36.37” W (NW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec. 18, T. 16 S, R. 19 E). Rainbow Spring No. 7 flows from the bottom of the riverbed on the north end of a grass island that sits in the center of the Rainbow River. The spring is approximately 0.1 miles downstream from Rainbow Spring No. 6 and 0.25 miles (0.4 km) upstream from the Rainbow River State Park campgrounds. Rainbow Spring No. 7 emerges from a bowl-shaped depression in the bottom of the Rainbow River. The vent is a dark-blue hole 13.3 ft (4.1 m) deep with a visible boil. At least two fractures intersect at the vent. A BULLETIN 66

573 Figure 171. Rainbow Springs Group, Rainbow Spring No. 5 (photo by R. Meegan).mosaic of limestone boulders, aquatic grass, and white sand surround the vent. Scattered houses are on the west bank of the river and the east bank is completely forested.

RAINBOW SPRING NORTH - Lat. 29° 06’ 09.71” N, Long. 82° 26’ 16.36” W (SE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 sec. 12, T. 16 S, R. 18 E). Rainbow Spring North is located at the head spring area of the Rainbow River within Rainbow River State Park. It sits in a small cove in the uppermost spring pool and is just north of the roped swim area. The Rainbow Spring North spring pool is 60 ft (18.3 m) from east to west and 45ft (13.7 m) north to south. The spring is comprised of multiple boils issuing from two small bowl-shaped depressions, the west vent slightlylarger than the east vent. Maximum depth measures 5.9 ft (1.8 m). The spring flows directly into the headspring pool area. The land surrounding the spring on the west and northsides is manicured lawn, to the south is the Rainbow River and a roped swim area. A wooden walkway with handrails runs along the west side of the pool and to the north the land rises to a steep, high hill developed as part of the Rainbow River State Park.

RAINBOW UNNAMED SWAMP SPRING - Lat. 29° 05’ 36.50” N, Long. 82° 25’ 44.31” W (NE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec. 18, T. 16 S, R. 19 E). Rainbow Unnamed Swamp Spring is located up a 150 ft (45.7 m) spring run that enters the Rainbow River across from Rainbow Spring No. 6 and 0.7 miles (1.1 km) downstream from Rainbow Spring No. 5. Rainbow Unnamed Swamp Spring discharges into a 30 ft (9.1 m) diameter pool surrounded by pristine and heavily-canopied swamp land. There are a few old fence posts in and around the pool and the bottom is sand with some black detritus. The spring’s 150 ft (45.7 m) run is the samewidth as the spring pool and flows into the Rainbow River in a grassy thicket that is overFLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

574 Figure 172. Rainbow Springs Group, Rainbow Spring No. 7 (photo by R. Means).BULLETIN 66

575 Figure 173. Rainbow Springs Group, Rainbow Spring North (photo by R. Means).

Figure 174. Rainbow Springs Group, Rainbow Unnamed Swamp Spring (photo by R. Meegan).grown due to the low flow conditions. During the April 2003 visit, an almost imperceptible amount of water was emerging from the spring.

WATERFALL SPRINGS - Lat. 29° 06’ 52.55” N, Long. 82° 26’ 08.39” W (SW1⁄4 NW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 sec. 7, T. 16 S, R. 19 E). The Waterfall Springs are located up a short spring run that enters Rainbow River 400 ft (121.9 m) downstream from Rainbow Spring No. 4. The aquatic area is closed due to the sensitive environment; therefore the springs must be viewed from land only. They are located on the southeast side of Rainbow River State Park, at the foot of theman-made waterfall. Waterfall Springs consists of two spring pools, running in a northsouth direction each contain dozens of small sandy boils. The boils are aligned along a straight path 170 ft (51.8 m) long. The spring pool area is canopied by large oaks. Maximumdepth of the spring area measures 3.5 ft (1.1 m). The spring run flows 250 ft (76.2 m) southwest into the Rainbow River with an average depth of 2 ft (0.6 m). A clear stream cascades from the north into the north pool and is composed of redirected water from the spring-fed Rainbow River. Before entering the spring pool, the stream flows down a 25 ft (7.6 m) tall man-made waterfall approximately 75 ft (22.9 m) from the pool. A walkway runs in and around the stream and waterfall. The spring is located within Rainbow River State Park. Uplands surrounding the spring pool are steep sloped and covered by hardwoods and palms. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

576Silver Springs Group

At least 16 springs give rise to the Silver River within the upper 0.6 mile (1.0 km) stretch. The Silver River flows eastward from the Main Spring approximately 5 miles (8 km) into the Ocklawaha River. The entire Silver River and its springs are owned by the Silver River State Park. Some land around the head springs is leased to Silver Springs Adventure Theme Park and is heavily developed. The rest of the Silver River basin is heavily forested and protected. Glass-bottom boat tours occur daily along the upper Silver River. The river system is a canoeing, kayaking, and wildlife viewing hotspot. Clear water and bluish water color is characteristic of the entire Silver River and its contributing springs. All the springs can be accessed by boating 4.5 – 5 miles (7.2 – 8.0 km) upstream on the Silver River from aboat ramp that provides access to the Silver and Ocklawaha Rivers. The boat ramp is located off SR 40, 4 miles (6.4 km) east of the intersection of 58 th Ave and SR 40 in Silver Springs. The access road is just before the bridge over the Ocklawaha River on the south side of the
road.

JACOB’S WELL SPRING - Lat. 29° 12’ 53.92” N, Long. 82° 03’ 06.56” W (NW1⁄4 NW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Jacob’s Well Spring is located on the south side of the upper Silver River approximately 500 ft (152.4 m) downstream from the head (Main)spring. It is the first spring encountered downstream from the main boil. Jacob’s Well also is known as Spring of the Stars. Jacob’s Well Spring occupies a conical depression with sand slopes and is inundated by the Silver River. Limestone is exposed around the vent. Estimated depth is 20 ft (6.1 m). The spring has a sand
bottom and the water is clear andbluish. A slight boil on the river’s surface is visible. Jacob’s Well Spring is visited daily by glass-bottom boat tours from the surrounding Silver Springs Park.

SILVER SPRING NO. 1 - Lat. 29° 12’ 53.51” N, Long. 82° 03’ 47.74” W (NE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 1 is locatedalong the upper Silver River approximately 100 ft (30.5 m) north of Reception Hall Spring. It is located
on the bottom of the river in a circular, bowl-shaped depression. Silver Spring No. 1 is a small spring with a BULLETIN 66

577 Figure 175. Silver Springs Group, Jacob’s Well Spring (photo by R. Meegan).circular, bowl-shaped depression. Depth measures 20.3 ft (6.2 m) over the vent. The spring bottom is sand with some aquatic grass. Flow from the spring suspends sand and debris in the water column. The spring also is known as Bridal Chamber (Odum, 1957).

SILVER SPRING NO. 2 - Lat. 29° 12’ 54.43” N, Long. 82° 03’ 03.41” W (NE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 SW1⁄4sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 2 is located along the upper Silver River approximately 150 ft (45.7 m) northeast of Silver Spring No. 1 on the south side of the river. Silver Spring No. 2 occupies a circular, bowl-shaped depression measuring 17.2 ft (5.2 m) deep. The water is clear and bluish and aquatic grasses are abundant on the sand and limestone bottom. This spring also may be known as Devil’s Kitchen or Alligator Hole (Odum, 1957).

SILVER SPRING NO. 3 - Lat. 29° 12’ 55.39” N, Long. 82° 03’ 00.70” W (SE1⁄4 SW1⁄4 NW1⁄4sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 3 is located along the upper Silver River approximately 250 ft (76.2 m) east or downstream of Silver Spring No. 2, on the south side of theriver. There is a small spit of land between Silver Springs No. 2 and No. 3. It is also located approximately 100 ft (30.5 m) northwest of Blue Grotto. Silver Spring No. 3 issues from the bottom of Silver River in a roughly circular depression. Several sand boils discharge clear blue water from a depth of 18.0 ft (5.5 m). Aquatic vegetation surrounds the exposed sand boils. Along the southern shore is a thin strip of hardwood and cypress trees and a man-made channel beyond. The channel parallels the Silver River and is used for cruises associated with Silver Springs Adventure Park. High ground rises beyond the channel up to 15 ft (4.5 m) about the water surface. An exotic animal zoo is located on this hill. The spring also is called Geyser Spring (Odum, 1957).

SILVER SPRING NO. 4 - Lat. 29° 12’ 58.17” N, Long. 82° 02’ 57.10” W (SW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 4 is located along the upper Silver River approximately 400 ft (121.9 m) northeast of Blue Grotto, within a cove on the north side of the Silver River channel. Silver Spring No. 4 has at least three separate vents that discharge into a small cove on the north side of the Silver River. Depth over the center of the spring measures 15.7 ft (4.8 m). The bottom is sand with exposed limestone around the vent with abundant aquatic vegetation and algae along the edges of the spring. The water is clear and bluish. The spring produced a sizeable boil on the water surface in October 2003. There is a sunken boat within the spring depression. A grass lawn and buildings associated with Silver River Adventure Park are northwest of the spring. Odum (1957) refers to this spring as Christmas Tree Springs

SILVER SPRING NO. 5 - Lat. 29° 12’ 58.00” N, Long. 82° 02’ 54.58” W (SW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 5 is located along the upper Silver River approximately 200 ft (61 m) east or downstream from Silver Spring No. 4, within a cove on the north side of the Silver River channel. This spring is immediately east of the jungle cruise docks. Silver Spring No. 5 discharges into a cove on the north side of the Silver River. Depth over the vent measures 17 ft (5.2 m). The spring has a sand bottom with exposed limestone near the vent. Aquatic grass and algae are abundant in the spring pool. The water is clearand bluish, and a boil was visible over the spring vent in October 2004. The spring is surrounded by Silver Springs Adventure Park. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

578BULLETIN 66

579 Figure 176. Silver Springs Group, Silver Spring No. 4 (photo by R. Meegan).

Figure 177. Silver Springs Group, Silver Spring No. 5 (photo by R. Meegan).SILVER SPRING NO. 6 - Lat. 29° 12’ 56.04” N, Long. 82° 02’ 50.67” W (SW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 6 is located on the upper Silver River approximately 350 ft (106.7 m) east or downstream from Silver Spring No. 5. It is situated on the south side of the Silver River on the river bottom. Silver Spring No. 6 occupies a roughly circular depression on the bottom of the Silver River. Maximum depth is 23.9 ft (7.3 m) deep. The spring bottom consists of sand, limestone, and aquatic grasses. Dark brown and green filamentous algae cover most aquatic substrates in the spring and surrounding Silver River. Odum (1957) refers to this spring as Sunfish Shelf.

SILVER SPRING NO. 7 - Lat. 29° 12’ 56.14” N, Long. 82° 02’ 46.92” W (SE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 7 is located along the south side of the upper Silver River approximately 320 ft (97.5 m) east or downstream from Silver Spring No. 6. Silver Spring No. 7 occupies what Odum (1957) called No Name Cove. The spring pool within thecove is circular and measures 14.2 ft (4.3 m) deep. The bottom is sand at the vent and covered with detritus elsewhere because of low energy flow conditions within the spring cove. No boil was visible during the October 2003 visit. The spring is surrounded by forested floodplain to the east, south, and west that is part of the Silver River State Park.

SILVER SPRING NO. 8 - Lat. 29° 12’ 57.74” N, Long. 82° 02’ 44.99” W (SE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec.6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 8 is located along the upper Silver River approximately 250 ft (76.2 m) northeast of Silver Spring No. 7. It is situated on the river bottom on the north side of the river channel. Silver Spring No. 8 issues from the bottom of the Silver River. Limestone boulders are exposed around the vent. The clear, bluish spring is 16.3 ft (5.0 m) deep. There is a white pipe visible in the spring originating from land on the north side of the spring. A fence is also present on the north side of the spring. Land around the spring is forested floodplain. Odum (1957) refers to Silver Spring No. 8 as Second
Fisherman’s Paradise.

SILVER SPRING NO. 9 - Lat. 29° 12’ 56.16” N, Long. 82° 02’ 43.83” W (SE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 9 is located on the upper Silver River approximately 200 ft (61 m) southeast of Silver Spring No. 8. Silver Spring No. 9 flows from the bottom of the Silver River. The spring vent is 19.6 ft (6.0 m) deep and there is limestone exposed in the depression. The river and spring are clear and distinctly bluish. Aquatic vegetation and algae are common in the area. The spring is located in the middle of the river channel and is surrounded on all sides by the Silver River. A lowland forest extends along the river banks. Odum (1957) refers to this spring as Catfish Hotel.

SILVER SPRING NO. 10 - Lat. 29° 12’ 55.50” N, Long. 82° 02’ 42.52” W (SW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 NE1⁄4sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 10 is located on the upper Silver River approximately 100 ft (30.5 m) southeast of Silver Spring No. 9, south of the western tip of a 250 ft(76.2 m) long forested island. Silver Spring No. 10 issues from a rocky depression on the bottom of the Silver River. Maximum depth is 23.3 ft (7.1 m) and the spring and river watersare clear and sky blue. Aquatic grass and algae abound in the area. A turbulent boil is produced on the river surface above the vent. The turbulence is caused by both spring flow and river current deflection over limestone boulders located in the spring depression. Silver Spring No. 10 occupies what Odum (1957) refers to as Paradise Park.

SILVER SPRING NO. 11 - Lat. 29° 12’ 55.59” N, Long. 82° 02’ 38.06” W (SW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 NE1⁄4sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 11 is located on the upper Silver River approxiFLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

580mately 450 ft (137.2 m) east of Silver Spring No. 10 or about 150 ft (45.7 m) east of the eastern end of a 250 ft (76.2 m) long island in the river. Silver Spring No. 11 occupies a depression in the bottom of the Silver River. A sand boil issues from 17.9 ft (5.5 m) deep. Aquatic vegetation surrounds the sand vent. Directly upstream from this spring there is a larger, deeper section of the Silver River within which sits a sunken boat. This deep, blue sectionof the river harboring the sunken boat is an attraction that is frequented by the glass bottom boat tours. Forested floodplain extends on both sides of the river. Silver Spring No. 11 is referred to by Odum (1957) as Catfish Convention Hall.

SILVER SPRING NO. 12 - Lat. 29° 12’ 56.97” N, Long. 82° 02’ 42.01” W (SW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 NE1⁄4sec. 6, T. 15 S, R. 23 E). Silver Spring No. 12 is located on the northwest side of the forested island approximately 150 ft (45.7 m) north of Silver Spring No. 10. It is situated on the bottom of the northern fork of the river channel that goes around the 250 ft (76.2 m) long island. Silver Spring No. 12 discharges into a depression from the bottom of the SilverRiver. Maximum depth is 20.2 ft (6.2 m). The spring bottom is sand with sticks and mollusk shells littered across the depression. Water is clear blue and aquatic vegetation is abundant. A forested floodplain extends on both sides of the river. The spring also is called Turtle Hook (Odum, 1957).

Sweetwater Springs BULLETIN 66

581 Figure 178A. Sweetwater Springs (photo by T. Roberts).Location – Lat. 29° 13’ 7.60” N, Long. 81° 39’ 35.53” W (F.M. Arredondo Grant sec. 37, T. 14 S, R. 27 E). Take SR 19 south from Silver Glen approximately 3.0 miles (4.8 km). The road to Sweetwater Springs is on the right just before crossing Juniper Creek.

Description – Sweetwater Springs consists of two vents issuing into a spring pool 70 ft (21.3 m) long and 60 ft (18.3 m) wide. Each vent is oval-shaped, 4 to 5 ft (1.2 m to 1.5 m) long and 3 ft (0.9 m) wide. The pool bottom is sand with exposed limestone around thespring vents and sparse aquatic vegetation. The vents produce two large boils, approximately 5 ft (1.5 m) across. The pool feeds into an 80 ft (24.4 m) long run, which flows northwest into Juniper Creek. The run averages 5 ft (1.5 m) wide and 2 ft (0.6 m) deep, and has a bottom similar to that of the spring pool. The water in the pool and run is clear, light blue. The banks of the spring pool are steep and ground level is 2 ft (0.6 m) above the surface of the water. A moderately dense forest of oak trees, palm trees, and palmettos encircle the spring pool. The spring, as well as a small rental cottage that is located on the bank of the spring pool, is part of the Ocala National Forest. The average discharge between 1980 and
2000 was 12.70 ft 3/s (6)

. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

582 Figure 178B. Sweetwater Springs (photo by T. Roberts).Tobacco Patch Landing Springs

Location – Lat. 29° 25’ 42.73” N, Long. 81° 55’ 26.09”W (NW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 sec. 20, T. 12 S, R. 24 E). From Salt Spring, take SR 316 west to Eureka Dam boat ramp. From the ramp, go down river (north) about 4 miles (6.4 km) and spring is on the east side of Lake
Ocklawaha.

Description – Tobacco Patch Landing Springs, also known as a member of the Cannon Springs Group, was flooded by the Rodman Reservoir at the time of visit in April of 2003. Neither the spring pool nor the vent was discernible. SJRWMD reports that the vent is 12 – 15 ft (3.7 – 4.6 m) across; steep sided, with a limestone ledge exposed. The spring run is 650 ft (198.1 m) long, 25 ft (7.6 m) wide, and 4.4 ft (1.3 m) deep and flows southwest into Ocklawaha Lake. Dollar Weed is abundant in the run. Floodplain forest surrounds the spring pool and its run. Approximately 200 ft (61 m) to the southeast, high ground gently rises to 30 ft (9.1 m) above the spring water level. According to the SJRWMD, all springs within the group are exposed only when there is a draw-down in the reservoir. When the spring was exposed in March 1999, the discharge measured 2.80 ft 3/s (6)

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583 Figure 179. Tobacco Patch Landing Springs (photo by T. Roberts).Wells Landing Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 25’ 15.66” N, Long. 81° 55’ 10.85” W (NW1⁄4 SE1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec. 29, T. 12 S,R. 24 E). From Eureka, drive east on CR 316 approximately 1.2 miles (1.9 km) to the intersection with 160 th Avenue. Turn north (left) onto 160 th Avenue and travel approximately 3.4 miles (5.5 km) to the intersection with 187 th Lane. Turn west (left) onto 187 th Lane and travel 0.4 miles (0.6 km). The spring is located directly offshore beneath Ocklawaha Lake.

Description – Wells Landing Spring belongs to a group of springs called Cannon Springs Group. These springs have all been inundated by Rodman Reservoir, which was created by Eureka Dam on the Oklawaha River. Depth of the spring measures 9.3 ft (2.8 m). Someaquatic vegetation grows around the edges of the tannic water, with cypress knees and willow trees growing on the bank. The ground gently slopes 2 ft (0.6 m) to the northwest into a fairly dense upland hardwood forest. The spring is a local swimming hole. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

584 Figure 180. Wells Landing Spring (photo by T. Roberts).Wilson Head Spring

Location – Lat. 28° 58’ 47.14” N, Long. 82° 19’ 17.28” W (SW1⁄4 NE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 sec. 29, T. 17 S, R. 20 E). Wilson Head Spring is located 8 miles (12.9 km) southeast of Dunnellon. It flows into the Withlachoochee River approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) upstream from the bridge in Stokes Ferry. The spring is located on private property and is not accessible to the public.

Description – Wilson Head Spring pool is surrounded by an earthen berm 96 ft (29.3m) north to south and 72 ft (21.9 m) east to west. Depth on the west side of the pool near the vent is approximately 10 ft (3 m). A thick layer of algae covers approximately 90% of the sand and limestone bottom. The water is slightly blue, and there are a few aquatic and emergent plants along edge of the pool. A very slight boil is visible. A small, narrow springrun flows from the south side of the pool through an old weir. It then flows generally southward through the privately-owned, forested floodplain into the Withlacoochee River. Discharge on June 5 th 1972 measured 2.40 ft 3/s (1)

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585 Figure 181. Wilson Head Spring (photo by R. Means).ORANGE COUNTY

Sulfur Spring

Location – Lat. 28° 46’12.66” N, Long. 81° 30’ 33.06” W (NE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec. 9, T. 20 S, R. 28 E). Sulfur Spring is located approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of Rock Springs. From the intersection of SR 414 and Wekiva Springs Road in Altamonte Springs, travel northwest on Wekiva Springs Road approximately 3.9 miles (6.3 km) to the Wekiwa Springs State Park. Contact on-site state park rangers for assistance and further directions to spring.

Description – Sulfur Spring, also known as Kittridge Spring, has a peanut-shaped spring pool that measures 70 ft (21.3 m) long and 15 ft (4.6 m) wide. Depth is 2.0 ft (0.6 m). The pool has a sand bottom that is completely covered with a thin layer of dark green algae. The water in the spring pool is clear and has a hydrogen sulfide odor. Tree debris is present in the pool but no aquatic vegetation. An orange film coats the spring pool’s edge. A 5 ft (1.5 m) wide sand boil is visible in the center of the spring pool. The spring run is 5 ft (1.5 m) wide, 0.2 ft (0.1 m) deep, and flows northwest 0.25 miles (0.4 km) into Rock Spring Run. Therun bottom is sand and void of algae and aquatic vegetation. The state-owned land surrounding the spring slopes up to 3 ft (0.9 m) above the water surface. The nearby sand hills
are forested with mixed hardwoods. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

586 Figure 182A. Sulfur Spring (photo by T. Roberts).Witherington Spring

Location – Lat. 28° 43’ 53.73” N, Long. 81° 29’ 23.67” W (NE1⁄4 SW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 sec. 23, T. 20 S, R. 28 E). From the intersection of SR 414 and Wekiva Springs Road in Altamonte Springs, travel northwest on Wekiva Springs Road approximately 3.9 miles (6.3 km) to the Wekiwa Springs State Park. Witherington Spring is located approximately 800 ft (243.8 m) north of a ranger residence within the state park boundary.

Description – Witherington Spring occupies an elongated pool 130 ft (39.6 m) long, 110 ft (33.5 m) wide, with an average depth of 7 ft (2.1 m). A number of sand boils feed this spring, but they were not discernible during the March 2003 visit due to poor water clarity. Witherington Spring run is 1 ft (0.3 m) deep with an average width of 12 ft (3.7 m). The run flows east forming the head of Mill Creek. A state-owned, dense hardwood forest surrounds the spring. According to park rangers, two more springs are nearby. The average discharge
between 1972 and 1995 was 2.28 ft 3/s (6)

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587 Figure 182B. Sulfur Spring (photo by T. Roberts).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

588 Figure 183. Witherington Spring (photo by T. Roberts).PASCO COUNTY

Horseshoe Spring

Location – Lat. 28° 23’ 51.18” N, Long. 82° 41’ 23.83” W (SW1⁄4 SW1⁄4 NE1⁄4 sec. 15, T. 24 S, R. 16 E). Horseshoe Spring is located on private property approximately 2.8 miles (4.5 km) southwest of the town of Aripeka on central Florida’sGulf Coast. It is approximately 0.8 miles (1.3 km) due east (inland) from Horse Island.

Description – Horseshoe Spring is so named because of its distinct horseshoe-shaped spring pool and upper spring run section. The spring emerges from an elongated,
curved fissure in the limestone that measures 16.6 ft (5.1 m) deep and is 100 ft (30.5 m) long. The spring bottom is limestone with a thin layer of
dark silt. The water was tannic and slightly turbid in March 2003. The spring run begins flowing eastward, then
it curves around and flows northwest, creating a narrow peninsula of land between the upper spring run section and the spring pool. There are numerous karst features along the bottom of the uppermost portion of the spring run. The spring run meanders northwest through marsh 0.8 miles (1.3 km) into Fillman Bayou. Land east of the spring is heavily forested, and land to the west is open marsh. BULLETIN 66

589 Figure 184. Horseshoe Spring (photo by R. Means).PINELLAS COUNTY

Crystal Beach Spring

Location – Lat. 28° 05’ 03.96” N, Long. 82° 47’ 05.11” W. From the intersection of US Alt19 and Crystal Beach Avenue in Crystal Beach, head west on Crystal Beach Avenue approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 km) to the intersection with Mayo Street. Turn south (left) onto Mayo Street and travel approximately 0.4 miles (0.6 km) to the intersection with Florida Boulevard. Turn west (right) onto Florida Boulevard and travel approximately 0.1 miles (0.2 km) to a 90 degree bend in the road to the south. This road becomes Point SeasideDrive. Drive south on Point Seaside Drive approximately 0.1 miles (0.2 km) and the submarine spring is located just 0.1 miles (0.2 km) offshore in St. Joseph Sound. It is directly offshore from some private homes.

Description – Crystal Beach Spring occupies a roughly circular, bowl-shaped depression 40 ft (12.2 m) in diameter. Maximum depth is 25 ft (7.6 m). Some sea grass grows along the edges. The bottom is sand with limestone and barnacles. The water at the vent opening is clear but is surrounded by cloudy bay water and therefore the spring is only discernible by the large boil visible on the surface. The spring is located off shore and has no associated run. The developed coastline is directly east of the spring and the rest is surrounded by open water associated with St. Joseph Sound. Discharge was estimated at 5 to 10 ft 3/sec (1)

. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

590 Figure 185. Crystal Beach Spring (photo by R. Meegan).