**To :**  **Cc: Bcc:**  **Subject: Re: Rosenthal Response to PM Data Request** 

**From: Beth Hassett-Sipple/RTP/USEPA/US**  **To: "Frank Rosenthal" <frank@purdue.edu>**  **Cc: Lindsay Stanek/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA, Rebecca Yang/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA**  **Date: 10/29/2009 02:26 PM**  **Subject: RE: Request for PM AQ data (w/ attachment)** 

**Dr. Rosenthal, we sincerely appreciate your efforts to provide this additional air quality data to our team !**

**Best regards,**

**Beth**

**Beth M. Hassett-Sipple Environmental Health Scientist**  **Ambient Standards Group (C504-06) Health and Environmental Impacts Division**  **Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency**  **109 TW Alexander Drive RTP, NC 27711** 

**(919) 541-4605 Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epa.gov**  **(919) 541-0237 (FAX)**

**"Frank Rosenthal" 10/29/2009 01:35:55 PM**  **Dear Beth,**

**From: "Frank Rosenthal" <frank@purdue.edu>**  **To: Beth Hassett-Sipple/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA**  **Cc: Lindsay Stanek/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA, Rebecca Yang/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA**  **Date: 10/29/2009 01:35 PM**  **Subject: RE: Request for PM AQ data (w/ attachment)** 

Dear Beth,

The percentiles of the 24 averages of the hourly TE OM data used in the paper (Rosenthal, et al, 2008) are as follows:

Obs year P50 P95 P98 P99 Si te

1 2002 14.99 33.18 37.13 40.15 Mic higan Ave. 2 2003 12.99 32.56 38.11 41.53 Was hington Park 3 2004 13.98 28.46 32.51 36.57 Was hington Park 4 2005 15.37 37.49 45.58 51.69 Was hington Park 5 2006 13.27 27.00 30.82 34.29 Was hington Park

The percentiles of the daily FRM data used in the p aper are as follows...

Obs year P50 P95 P98 P99 Site

1 2002 15.20 29.3 35.0 48.7 Was hington Park 2 2003 13.50 32.0 39.3 39.8 Was hington Park 3 2004 13.65 27.0 31.0 33.5 Was hington Park 4 2005 14.30 36.5 42.5 49.4 Was hington Park 5 2006 13.10 28.1 31.7 35.1 Was hington Park


### In making these calculation, I had to delete data f or 5 days which were uncertain due to a

### transcription error.)

The correlations between the TEOM and FRM data , wh ose percentiles are given above, follows ( N =no. of days measured) ...

Year R N 2002 0.89 152 2003 0.95 356 2004 0.93 364 2005 0.97 363 2006 0.93 365

(R = Pearson correlation coefficient)

Please let me know if you have any questions or I c an provide any additional assistance.

Thanks.

Have a great day,

Frank

*************************************** Frank S. Rosenthal, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Occupational and Environment al Health Sciences Purdue University School of Health Sciences 550 Stadium Mall Dr. West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA tel: 765-494-0812, fax: 765-496-1377, e-mail: frank @ purdue

. edu

***************************************

From: Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epamail.epa.gov [mailto:Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epamail.epa.gov] Sent: Monday, October 26, 2009 8:21 AM To: Frank Rosenthal Cc: Stanek.Lindsay@epamail.epa.gov; Yang.Rebecca@epamail.epa.gov Subject: RE: Request for PM AQ data (w/ attachment)


### Dr. Rosenthal, thank you for responding to our requ est for additional AQ data for our review of the PM NAAQS. For evaluating the results reported in your study, it would be most helpful to have 24-hour 98th percentile values , as the current form of the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS is the 3-year average of the 98th perce ntile of 24-hour concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area

Your study in Finland sounds interesting. Though w e can not use unpublished data in our review of the PM NAAQS, we are required by the Clean Air Act to periodicall y review the standards. Thus, there is cyclical natu re to our reviews, and, when published, the Finland study could be considered in a subsequent PM review.

### Regards,

Beth
Beth M. Hassett-Sipple Environmental Health Scientist Ambient Standards Group (C504-06) Health and Environmental Impacts Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Drive RTP, NC 27711
(919) 541-4605 Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epa.gov (919) 541-0237 (FAX)

From: "Frank Rosenthal" <frank@purdue.edu>

To: Beth Hassett-Sipple/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA

Date: 10/25/2009 01:45 PM Subject: RE: Request for PM AQ data ( w / attachment)

Beth,

Attached is a Table that was included in our paper on cardiac arrest and PM2.5 exposure in Indianapolis. I am working to get you more data (including more percentiles, etc). However, I have to locate and analyze the original files that were used in the paper which may take some tim e. The data in the attached table are percentiles of the PM2.5 distrib ution just for those hours that were used in the case-crossover analysis. It will probably be simpler to get you the distribution of PM2.5 values for all ho urly values for the study period (2002-2006) in Indianapolis. These should not be too different from what is in the Table.

By the way, I want to alert you to a recent study I conducted in Helsinki, Finland, which found similar effects on cardiac arr est for PM2.5 levels approximately half of those in Indianapolis. This work was presented at the International Society for Epidemiology meeting in D ublin in August, but has not yet been submitted for publication.

I would like to help in any way I can. I think the work you are doing is important. The results of our work, especially tho se from Helsinki, have alerted me to the necessity of re-evaluating our PM 2.5 standards.

Best regards,

Frank

*************************************** Frank S. Rosenthal, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Occupational and Environment al Health Sciences Purdue University School of Health Sciences 550 Stadium Mall Dr. West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA tel: 765-494-0812, fax: 765-496-1377, e-mail: frank@purdue.edu

***************************************----- Original Message

-----

From: Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epamail.epa.gov [ mailto : Hassett

- Sipple

. Beth @ epamail

. epa

. gov ] Sent: Tuesday, October 20, 2009 5:30 PM To: avol@hsc.usc.edu; steven.babin@jhuapl.edu; rbas u@jhsph.edu; rick_burnett@hc-sc.gc.ca; sknutsen@llu.edu; ychen@u ottawa.ca; mchimonas@msn.com; rdales@ohri.ca; rdelfino@uci.edu ; redld@channing.harvard.edu; ddockery@hsph.harvard.e du; fdominic@jhsph.edu; brauer@interchange.ubc.ca; jenstrom@ucla.edu; fuent es@stat.ncsu.edu; kfung@uwindsor.ca; kuenzli@usc.edu; jimg@rcf.usc.ed u; janneane.gent@yale.edu; diane.gold@channing.harvard.edu; goss@u.washington. edu; Ahmad.hammoud@hsc.utah.edu; hollomanc@battelle.org; mhuynh@health.nyc.gov; gillilan@hsc.usc.edu; gillilan@usc.edu; jkoenig@u.w ashington.edu; jerrett@usc.edu; dkrewski@uottawa.ca; TOBYL@umich.e du; flipfert@suffolk.lib.ny.us; morton.lippmann@nyumc.o rg; mlipsett@dhs.ca.gov; llisabet@umich.edu; Sliu@uottawa.ca; rmcconne@hsc.u sc.edu; gdiette@jhmi.edu; yymeng@ucla.edu; ptolber@sph.emory.edu; joelk@u.was hington.edu; jpeters@hsc.usc.edu; smoolgavkar@exponent.com; goco nnor@bu.edu; marieo@umich.edu; jdparker@cdc.gov; jennifer.peel@c olostate.edu; peters@gsf.de; jpeters@hsc.usc.edu; cap3@email.byu. edu; brauer@interchange.ubc.ca; britz@ucla.edu; frank@pu rdue.edu; rundell@marywood.edu; jschwrtz@hsph.harvard.edu; ph ilsilkoff@hotmail.com; Sheppard@u.washington.edu; sulljh@u.washington.edu; ageyh@jhsph.edu; ctrenga@uwashington.edu; Paul_Villeneuve@hc-sc.gc.c a; gwelleni@bidmc.harvard.edu; hsuh@hsph.harvard.edu; britz@ucla.edu; woodruff.tracey@epa.gov; woodrufft@obgyn.ucsf.edu; Karin_Yeatts@unc.edu; azanobet@hsph.harvard.edu; jsamet@usc.edu; azeka@hs ph.harvard.edu; zmzhang@wfubmc.edu Cc: Stanek.Lindsay@epamail.epa.gov; Yang.Rebecca@ep amail.epa.gov; Rajan.Pradeep@epamail.epa.gov Subject: Request for PM AQ data

To: Authors of recent U.S. and Canadian epidemiolo gical studies evaluating health effects associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM)

This is a follow-up email to an earlier reques t for request air quality data for PM2.5 and/or PM10-2.5 used in your epidemiologic studies. Our original request was sent on May 2, 2 009. We are contacting you again at this time because these dat a would still be highly useful for the current review of the PM Nati onal Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and we have not yet heard back from you.

EPA is presently reviewing the NAAQS for PM. Important components of this review include the preparation of an Integr ated Science Assessment (ISA) by EPA’s National Center for Envir onmental Assessment (NCEA) and a Risk Assessment (RA) and a Policy Asse ssment (PA) by EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS ). In evaluating the epidemiological evidence in the ISA and in using th is information to inform the quantitative risk assessment and policy assessment, it is crucial to consider the air quality distributions f rom areas where these studies were conducted to investigate associations between PM and health effects. Most epidemiological studies provide some information on the distribution of ambient measurement data for PM, ho wever, published information is often generally limited in scope and the descriptive statistics reported vary from one study to another.

OAQPS and NCEA are jointly contacting you to r equest specific information on the distribution of the air quality data for PM2.5 and/or PM10-2.5 used in your studies. These data will pro vide important information as NCEA develops the final ISA and OAQP S develops the final RA and draft PA in the next few months. These docu ments will inform EPA’s decision making process on whether to retain or revise the PMNAAQS

.

Specifically, we are interested in receiving t he descriptive statistics (listed below) on the air quality data u sed in your study (see the study citations list below). Please note, this request is for information on the distribution of air quality data for PM2.5 and/or PM 10-2.5 used in your studies. If your study evaluate d PM10-2.5, we are also asking for you to provide PM10 data, if availa ble. It is important to emphasize that we are not requesting health data . In addition, we are not requesting raw air quality data, but rather information on the distribution of the data. However, if you prefer t o send the entire air quality data set, that would also be acceptable. P lease be aware that your responses, together with whatever data you pro vide, will be placed in our public docket.

We recognize that you are all very busy and if it is not possible for you to provide all of the data listed below, pl ease focus on those data that would be most informative to this PM NAAQ S review (i.e., 98th and 99th percentile values for short-term PM2.5 amb ient concentrations; 98th, 99th, and maximum values for PM10-2.5 and PM 10).

In order to use the requested information in p reparing the final ISA and RA, we ask that you provide these data to u s by November 2, 2009 . We will follow this email message with a telepho ne call in the next week to address any questions you might have regard ing this request. Please contact us if you have any questions.

Thank you in advance for your assistance.

Beth M. Hassett-Sipple Lindsay Wichers Stanek, Ph.D. Environmental Health Scientist Phy sical Scientist OAQPS NCEA-RTP 919 541-4605 919 541-7 792 hassett-sipple.beth@epa.gov stanek.li ndsay@epa.gov

REQUESTED PM2.5 AND PM10-2.5 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTIC S

A. For multi-city studies evaluating mortality and/ or morbidity effects associated with short-term PM2.5 and/or PM10-2.5 concentrations, please provide the following:

o mean; 95th, 96th, 97th, 98th, and 99th perc entile values; and minimum and maximum values (each as the ave rage across modeled cities - e.g., average of the 98th percenti le values across the cities evaluated) o range (high to low) of city-specific 98th p ercentile values across all cities o where applicable, the above air quality inf ormation differentiated by: specific individual years, if multi ple years were evaluated region, as defined in the study (e. g., east-west) o for the highest reporting monitor within ea ch city 98th and 99th percentile of the 24- hour concentrations for each city annual mean concentration for each city average 98th and 99th percentile of 24-hour concentrations across cities range (high to low) of 98th and 99t h percentile concentrations across cities where applicable, the above air qua lity information differentiated by: specific individual ye ars, if multiple years were evaluatedregion
, as defined in the study ( e

. g

. ,

east-west) o the air quality monitors used, unless these monitors are identified already in the study publication o for PM10-2.5 studies, please provide the abo ve information for PM10 also, if available B. For single-city studies evaluating mortality and morbidity effects associated with short-term PM2.5 ambient concentr ations, please provide the following information:

o information requested in A above for the on e city evaluated

C. For studies evaluating mortality and morbidity effects associated with long-term PM2.5 ambient concentrations, plea se provide the following:

o mean of the ambient PM2.5 mean concentrati ons across cities reported in the study for the time period e valuated in the study o range (high-to-low) of the city-specific me ans across all cities or locations o where applicable, the above air quality inf ormation differentiated by: specific individual years, if multi ple years were evaluated season, as defined in the study region, as defined in the study (e. g., east-west) o if your study considered air quality data f rom multiple monitors in a city, include the above infor mation for the highest reporting monitor within each city

STUDY CITATIONS

Avol, E. L., W. J. Gauderman, et al. (2001). "Respi ratory effects of relocating to areas of differing air pollution leve ls." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164(11): 2067-72.

Babin, S. M., H. S. Burkom, et al. (2007). "Pediatr ic patient asthma-related emergency department visits and admi ssions in Washington, DC, from 2001-2004, and associations with air quali ty, socio-economic status and age group." Environ Health 6: 9.

Basu, R., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2004). "Comparing exposure metrics in the relationship between PM2.5 and birth weight in California." J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 14(5): 391-6.

Burnett et al. (1997). “Association between ozone a nd hospitalization for respiratory diseases in 16 Canadian cities.” En viron. Research 72: 24-31. HERO id 082676

(Coarse only) Burnett RT; Smith-Doiron M; Stieb D; Cakmak S; Brook JR. (1999). Effects of particulate and gaseous pollution on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations. A rch Environ Occup Health, 54: 130-139. (HERO id 017269)

(Coarse and PM2.5) Chen, L. H., S. F. Knutsen, et a l. (2005). "The association between fatal coronary heart disease an d ambient particulate air pollution: Are females at greater risk?" Enviro n Health Perspect 113 (12): 1723-9. (contact: Dr. Synmore Knutsen) (HERO id 087942)

Chen, Y., Q. Yang, et al. (2005). "The effect of co arse ambient particulate matter on first, second, and overall ho spital admissions for respiratory disease among the elderly." Inhal Toxic ol 17(12): 649-55.Chen, Y., Q. Yang, et al. (2004). "Influence of rel atively low level of

particulate ar pollution on hospitalization for COP D in elderly people." Inhal Toxicol 16(1): 21-5.

Chimonas, M. A. and B. D. Gessner (2007). "Airborne particulate matter from primarily geologic, non-industrial sources at levels below National Ambient Air Quality Standards is associated with ou tpatient visits for asthma and quick-relief medication prescriptions am ong children less than 20 years old enrolled in Medicaid in Anchorage , Alaska." Environ Res 103(3): 397-404.

Dales, R. (2004). "Ambient carbon monoxide may infl uence heart rate variability in subjects with coronary artery diseas e." J Occup Environ Med 46(12): 1217-21.

Dales, R., L. Liu, et al. (2007). "Particulate air pollution and vascular reactivity: the bus stop study." Internati onal Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 81(2): 159-16 4.

Delfino, R. J., N. Staimer, et al. (2006). "Persona l and ambient air pollution is associated with increased exhaled nitr ic oxide in children with asthma." Environ Health Perspect 114(11): 1736 -43.

Delfino, R. J., N. Staimer, et al. (2008). "Persona l and ambient air pollution exposures and lung function decrements in children with asthma." Environmental Health Perspectives 116(4): 550-558.

DeMeo, D. L., A. Zanobetti, et al. (2004). "Ambient air pollution and oxygen saturation." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170(4 ): 383-7.

Dockery, D. W., H. Luttmann-Gibson, et al. (2005). "Association of air pollution with increased incidence of ventricular t achyarrhythmias recorded by implanted cardioverter defibrillators." Environ Health Perspect 113(6): 670-4. (HERO 078995)

Dominici, F., R. D. Peng, et al. (2007). "Particula te air pollution and mortality in the United States: did the risks chang e from 1987 to 2000?" Am J Epidemiol 166(8): 880-8.

(Coarse only) Ebelt, S. T., W. E. Wilson, et al. (2 005). "Exposure to ambient and nonambient components of particulate ma tter: a comparison of health effects." Epidemiology 16(3): 396-405. (Cont act: Dr. Michael Brauer)

Eftim, S. E., J. M. Samet, et al. (2008). "Fine par ticulate matter and mortality: a comparison of the six cities and Ameri can Cancer Society cohorts with a Medicare cohort." Epidemiology 19(2) : 209-16. (contact Dr. Francesca Dominici) (HERO id 099104)

Enstrom, J. E. (2005). "Fine particulate air pollut ion and total mortality among elderly Californians, 1973-2002." I nhal Toxicol 17(14): 803-16. (HERO id 087356)

Fuentes, M., H. R. Song, et al. (2006). "Spatial as sociation between speciated fine particles and mortality." Biometrics 62(3): 855-63.

(Coarse and PM2.5) Fung, K. Y., S. Khan, et al. (20 06). "Association between air pollution and multiple respiratory hosp italizations among the elderly in Vancouver, Canada." Inhal Toxicol 18 (13): 1005-11. (HERO id 089789)

Gauderman, W. J., E. Avol, et al. (2004). "The effe ct of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age." N Engl J Med 351(11):1057

- 67

.

Gauderman, W. J., G. F. Gilliland, et al. (2002). " Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children: results from a second cohort." Am J Respir Crit Car e Med 166(1): 76-84.

Gauderman, W. J., R. McConnell, et al. (2000). "Ass ociation between air pollution and lung function growth in southern Cali fornia children." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162(4 Pt 1): 1383-90.

Gauderman, W. J., H. Vora, et al. (2007). "Effect o f exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a c ohort study." Lancet 369(9561): 571-7.

Gent, J. F., E. W. Triche, et al. (2003). "Associat ion of low-level ozone and fine particles with respiratory symptoms in children with asthma." JAMA 290(14): 1859-67.

Gent et al. (2009). “Symptoms and medication use in children with asthma and traffic-related sources of fine particle pollut ion.” Environ. Health Perspec. In press. Hero ID 180399

Gold, D. R., A. A. Litonjua, et al. (2005). "Air po llution and ST-segment depression in elderly subjects." Environ Health Perspect 113 (7): 883-7.

Goss, C. H., S. A. Newsom, et al. (2004). "Effect o f ambient air pollution on pulmonary exacerbations and lung funct ion in cystic fibrosis." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169(7): 816-21 . (HERO 055624)

Hammoud, A., D. T. Carrell, et al. "Decreased spermmotility is associated with air pollution in Salt Lake City." F ertility and Sterility In Press, Corrected Proof.

Holloman, C. H., S. M. Bortnick, et al. (2004). "A Bayesian hierarchical approach for relating PM(2.5) exposure to cardiovas cular mortality in North Carolina." Environ Health Perspect 112(13): 1 282-8.

Huynh, M., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2006). "Relation ships between air pollution and preterm birth in California." Paediat r Perinat Epidemiol 20(6): 454-61.

Islam, T., W. J. Gauderman, et al. (2007). "Relatio nship between air pollution, lung function and asthma in adolescents. " Thorax 62(11): 957-63. (contact: Dr. Frank Gilliland)

Islam, T., R. McConnell, et al. (2007). "Ozone, Oxi dant Defense Genes and Risk of Asthma During Adolescence." American Jo urnal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine: 200706. (Contact: Dr. Frank Gilliland)

Janes, H., F. Dominici, et al. (2007). "Trends in a ir pollution and mortality: an approach to the assessment of unmeasu red confounding." Epidemiology 18(4): 416-23. (contact: Dr. Francesc a Dominici)

Jansen, K. L., T. V. Larson, et al. (2005). "Associ ations between health effects and particulate matter and black carbon in subjects with respiratory disease." Environmental health perspect ives 113: 1741-1746. (Contact: Jane Koenig)

Jerrett, M., R. T. Burnett, et al. (2005). "Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in Los Angeles." Epidemiolo gy 16(6): 727-36.

Kim, J. J., S. Smorodinsky, et al. (2004). "Traffic -related air pollution near busy roads: the East Bay Children's Respiratory HealthStudy ." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170 ( 5 ): 520

- 6 . ( Contact : Dr , Bart

Ostro) (HERO 087383)

Koenig, J. Q., K. Jansen, et al. (2003). "Measureme nt of offline exhaled nitric oxide in a study of community exposure to ai r pollution." Environmental Health Perspectives 111(13): 1625-9.

Koenig, J. Q., T. F. Mar, et al. (2005). "Pulmonaryeffects of indoorand outdoor-generated particles in children with as thma." Environ Health Perspect 113(4): 499-503.

Kuenzli, N., M. Jerrett, et al. (2005). "Ambient ai r pollution and atherosclerosis in Los Angeles." Environ Health Per spect 113(2): 201-6.

Krewski, D et al. (2009). “Extended follow-up and s patial analysis of the American Cancer Society study linking particula te air pollution and mortality.” Health Effects Institute. Cambridge, MA . 140. (HERO id 191193)

Lewis, T. C., T. G. Robins, et al. (2005). "Air pol lution-associated changes in lung function among asthmatic children i n Detroit." Environmental Health Perspectives 113(8): 1068-75.

(Coarse and PM2.5) Lin et al. (2005). “Coarse parti culate matter and hospitalization for respiratory infections in child ren younger than 15 years in Toronto: a case-crossover analysis.” Pedia trics 116: 235-240. (HERO ID 087828)

(Coarse and PM2.5) Lin et al. (2002). “The influenc e of ambient coarse particulate matter on asthma hospitalization in chi ldren: case-crossover and time-series analyses.” Environ. Health Persp. 1 10: 575-581. (Hero id 026067)

Lipfert, F., R. Wyzga, et al. (2006). "Traffic dens ity as a surrogate measure of environmental exposures in studies of ai r pollution health effects: Long-term mortality in a cohort of US vete rans." Atmospheric Environment 40: 154-169.

Lipfert, FW et al. (2006). “PM2.5 constituents and related air quality variables as predictors of survival in a cohort of U.S. military veterans.” Inhal Toxicol, 18: 645-657. (HERO id 088 756)

(Coarse and PM2.5) Lippmann, M. (2000). Environment al toxicants: Human exposures and their health effects. Hero id 024579

Lipsett, M. J., F. C. Tsai, et al. (2006). "Coarse particles and heart rate variability among older adults with coronary a rtery disease in the Coachella Valley, California." Environ Health Persp ect 114(8): 1215-1220.

Lisabeth, L. D., J. D. Escobar, et al. (2008). "Amb ient air pollution and risk for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack." Ann Neurol 64(1): 53-9. (HERO 155939)

Liu, S., D. Krewski, et al. (2007). "Association be tween maternal exposure to ambient air pollutants during pregnancyand fetal growth restriction." J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17(5): 4 26-32.

Mar, T. F., J. Q. Koenig, et al. (2005). "Fine part iculate air pollution and cardiorespiratory effects in the elderly." Epid emiology 16(5): 681-7. (Contact: Dr. Jane Koenig)

(Coarse and PM2.5) Mar, T. F., T. V. Larson, et al. (2004). "An analysis of the association between respiratory symptoms in subjects with asthmaand daily air pollution in Spokane
, Washington ." Inhal Toxicol 16 ( 13 ):

809-15. (Contact: Dr. Jane Koenig) (HERO id 057309)

McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (1999). "Air poll ution and bronchitic symptoms in southern California children with asthm a." Environmental Health Perspectives 107(9): 757-760.

McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (2003). "Prospect ive study of air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in children with asthma." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168(7): 790-7. (HERO 049490)

McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (2006). "Dog owne rship enhances symptomatic responses to air pollution in children with asthma." Environmental health perspectives 114(12): 1910.

(Coarse only) McCormack, M. C., P. N. Breysse, et al. (2009). "In-Home Particle Concentrations and Childhood Asthma Morbid ity." Environmental health perspectives 117(2): 294. (Contact: Dr Grego ry Dietle)

Meng, Y. Y., M. Wilhelm, et al. (2007). "Traffic an d outdoor air pollution levels near residences and poorly control led asthma in adults." Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 98(5): 455-63. (Coarse only) Metzger, K. B., P. E. Tolbert, et al. (2004). "Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular emergency department v isits." Epidemiology 15(1): 46-56. (Contact: Dr. Paige Tolbert) hero 044 222

(Coarse only) Metzger et al. (2007). “Ambient air p ollution and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with implantable defibrilla tors.” Epidemiology 18 (5): 585-592. HERO ID 092856

Millstein, J., F. Gilliland, et al. (2004). "Effect s of ambient air pollutants on asthma medication use and wheezing am ong fourth-grade school children from 12 Southern California communi ties enrolled in The Children's Health Study." Arch Environ Health 59(10 ): 505-14.

Moolgavkar, SH. (2003). “Air pollution and daily de aths and hospital admissions in Los Angeles and Cook counties.” Healt h Effects Institute 183-198. HERO id 042864

O’Connor et al. (2008). “Acute respiratory health e ffects of air pollution on children with asthma in US inner citie s.” J. of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 121: 1133-1139 e1131. HERO id 1 56818

O'Neill, M. S., A. Veves, et al. (2007). "Air pollu tion and inflammation in type 2 diabetes: a mechanism for susceptibility. " Occup Environ Med 64(6): 373-379.

O'Neill, M. S., A. Veves, et al. (2005). "Diabetes enhances vulnerability to particulate air pollution-associat ed impairment in vascular reactivity and endothelial function." Circ ulation 111(22): 2913-20.

Parker, J. D., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2005). "Air pollution and birth weight among term infants in California." Pediatric s 115(1): 121-8.

(Coarse only) Peel, J. L., P. E. Tolbert, et al. (2 005). "Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visi ts." Epidemiology 16 (2): 164-74. (HERO id 056305)

(Coarse only) Peng et al. (2008). “Coarse particul ate matter air pollution and hospital admissions cardiovascular respiratory diseases among Medicare patients.” ( HERO id 156850)Peters , A

. , D

. W

. Dockery
, et al . ( 2001 ). " Increased particulate air

pollution and the triggering of myocardial inf arction Circulation 103(23): 2810-5

(Coarse only) Peters, A., D. W. Dockery, et al. (20 01). "Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myo cardial infarction." Circulation 103(23): 2810-5. (HERO id 016546)

Peters, J. M., E. Avol, et al. (1999). "A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and ty pes of air pollution. I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity." Am J Respi r Crit Care Med 159 (3): 760-7.

Pope, C. A., 3rd, R. T. Burnett, et al. (2004). "Ca rdiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiologi cal pathways of disease." Circulation 109(1): 71-7.

Pope, C. A., M. L. Hansen, et al. (2004). "Ambient particulate air pollution, heart rate variability, and blood marker s of inflammation in a panel of elderly subjects." Environ Health Perspe ct 112: 339-345.

Pope, C. A., 3rd, J. B. Muhlestein, et al. (2006). "Ischemic heart disease events triggered by short-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution." Circulation 114(23): 2443-8. (HERO id 0 91246)

Pope et al. (2008). “Relation of heart failure hosp italization to exposure to fine particulate air pollution.” Amer. J. of Cardiology 102 (9): 1230-1234. (HERO id 191969)

Rich, D. Q., M. H. Kim, et al. (2006). "Association of ventricular arrhythmias detected by implantable cardioverter de fibrillator and ambient air pollutants in the St Louis, Missouri me tropolitan area." Occup Environ Med 63(9): 591-6. (Contact: Dr. Doug Dockery) (HERO id 089814)

Rich, D. Q., J. Schwartz, et al. (2005). "Associati on of short-term ambient air pollution concentrations and ventricula r arrhythmias." Am J Epidemiol 161(12): 1123-32. (Contact: Dr. Doug Doc kery)

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Ritz, B., M. Wilhelm, et al. (2007). "Ambient air p ollution and preterm birth in the environment and pregnancy outcomes stu dy at the University of California, Los Angeles." Am J Epidemiol 166(9): 1045-52.

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asthma hospital admissions in Seattle, Washington, 1987-1994. (HERO id 042826)

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(Coarse only) Slaughter, J. C., E. Kim, et al. (200 5). "Association between particulate matter and emergency room visit s, hospital admissions and mortality in Spokane, Washington." J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 15(2): 153-9. (Contact: Dr. Lianne Shep pard) (HERO 073854)

Slaughter, J. C., T. Lumley, et al. (2003). "Effect s of ambient air pollution on symptom severity and medication use in children with asthma." Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 91(4): 346-53. (Contact: Dr. Lianne Sheppard)

Sullivan, J., N. Ishikawa, et al. (2003). "Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Primary Cardiac Arrest among Persons With and Without Clinically Recognized Heart Disease." Am. J . Epidemiol. 157(6): 501-509. (HERO 043156)

Sullivan, J., L. Sheppard, et al. (2005). "Relation between short-term fine-particulate matter exposure and onset of myoca rdial infarction." Epidemiology 16(1): 41-8. (HERO 050854)

Sullivan, J. H., R. Hubbard, et al. (2007). "A comm unity study of the effect of particulate matter on blood measures of i nflammation and thrombosis in an elderly population." Environ Healt h 6: 3.

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Woodruff, T. J., J. D. Parker, et al. (2006). "Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and selected causes of postne onatal infant mortality in California." Environ Health Perspect 1 14(5): 786-790.

(Coarse and PM2.5) Yang, Q., Y. Chen, et al. (2004) . "Association between particulate air pollution and first hospita l admission for childhood respiratory illness in Vancouver, Canada. " Arch Environ Health 59(1): 14-21. (HERO id 087488)

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(Coarse only) Zanobetti, A. and J. Schwartz "The Ef fect of Fine and Coarse Particulate Air Pollution On Mortality: A Na tional Analysis." (HERO 188462)

Zeger, S., A. McDermott, et al. (2007). "Mortality in the medicare population and chronic exposure to fine particulate air pollution." Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Wo rking Papers 113. (Contact: Dr. J. Samet) (HERO 191951)

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Beth

Beth M. Hassett-Sipple Environmental Health Scientist Ambient Standards Group (C504-06) Health and Environmental Impacts Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 109 TW Alexander Drive RTP, NC 27711

(919) 541-4605 Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epa.gov (919) 541-0237 (FAX)