SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 56 

History of Botanical Exploration 

in Territorio Federal Amazonas, 

Venezuela 

Otto Huber 

and John J. Wurdack 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

City of Washington 

1984 
ABSTRACT 

Huber, Otto, and John J. Wurdack. History of Botanical Exploration in 

Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 

number 56, 83 pages, 2 tables, 10 maps, 1984.-Detailed information is 

provided on botanical activities in the Territorio Federal Amazonas, southern 

Venezuela, during the period 1800 to 31 December 1982. Emphasis is on 

botanical collections, their collectors, localities, itineraries, time period, number, and final deposit in the world’s herbaria. The data are arranged both 

chronologically and alphabetically by collectors, including cross references 

between main and secondary collectors. Alto ether 188 collectors are listed, 

F. Amazonas is now about 50,000 (not including duplicates), representing an 

estimated 3000 to 5000 species. A short geographical outline at the beginning 

of the paper, accompanied by a ma , provides general information on main 

and on the labels of herbarium specimens. 

124 of them being main collectors. The tota P collected plant numbers in T. 

localities, rivers, mountains, and ot Fl er features often mentioned in the text 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is 

recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing 

from the katsura tree Ctrridiphyllum japonicurn Siebold and Zuccarini. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Huber, Otto. 

History of botanical exploration in Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. 

(Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 56) 

Bibliography: p. 

Supt. of Docs. no.: S1 1.2956 

QKlS2747 no. 56 [QK273] 581s [581.987’64 83-600361 

1. Botany-Venezuela-Amazonas (Territory)-History. 

ritory)-Exploring expeditions. I. Wurdack, J.J. 11. Title. 111. Series. 

2. Amazonas (Venezuela : Ter- 
Contents 

Introduction ............................................ Acknowledgments ................................... Geography ............................................ Physiography ........................................ Mountain Systems ................................... Lowlands ......................................... Transportation ........................................ Chronology of Botanical Exploration ......................... General .............................................. Geographical and Chronological Synopsis .................... Annotated List of Collectors ................................ List of Possible Collectors ................................ 

References ............................................. Remarks on Future Explorations ............................ 

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111 

History of Botanical Exploration 

in Territorio Federal Amazonas, 

Venezuela 

Otto Huber 

and John J. Wurdack 

Introduction 

Among the many natural regions of South 

America, the southernmost portion of Venezuela, including the headwaters of the Orinoco 

River and part of the Amazon Basin, has long 

attracted the interest of botanists and naturalists 

in general. Such historic expeditions as those 

undertaken to these regions by Humboldt and 

Bonpland in 1800 and by Schomburgk in 1839 

may well be considered as among the first highlights in tropical American botany. These trips 

were forerunners of an increasing number of 

explorations in the astonishing vegetation types 

covering Territorio Federal Amazonas. Because 

of the increasing attention given in the past two 

decades to the Amazon region in general, mainly 

by governmental developmental agencies in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, it 

also has become evident that the basic ecologic 

information on the plant life and plant geography 

of this extremely rich portion of the American 

tropics is still poorly known and still more poorly 

understood (Goodland and Irwin, 1975). 

Otto Huber, formerly Ministerio del Ambiente y de 10s Recursos 

Naturales Renovables (MARNR), now The New York Botanical 

Garden, Bronx, New York 10458. John J. Wurdack, Department 

of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian 

Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. 

This paper offers a synopsis of botanical exploration carried out from 1800 to the present 

(1 982) in the Venezuelan Territorio Federal 

Amazonas, with general information on the collectors, collecting expeditions, and collecting stations, as well as on the number and final deposition of the specimens collected and related publications. We are well aware that this paper is 

incomplete, because this type of research is often 

accompanied by insufficient data. Nevertheless, 

we believe that the data submitted are sufficiently 

accurate to serve as a basis to stimulate future 

investigation in this direction, not only in the 

field but also in herbaria and libraries. 

The acronyms for Venezuelan government 

agencies used in the text and lists are explained 

in the "Annotated List of Collectors." These 

acronyms (those asterisked are directly involved 

in a collection program) include "AsoVAC 

(Asociacion Venezolana para el Avance de la 

Ciencia), *CASUB (Centro de Actividades Subacuaticas de la Universidad de Oriente, Cumani), "CODESUR (Comision para el Desarrollo del Sur de Venezuela), CONICIT (Consejo 

Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Technologicas), "INPARQUES (Instituto Nacional de 

Parques), * IVIC (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas), MAB (Man and Biosphere 

1 
2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Program, UNESCO), * MARNR (Ministerio del 

Ambiente y de 10s Recursos Naturales Renovables), *MOP (Ministerio de Obras Publicas), 

*UCV (Universidad Central de Venezuela), 

*ULA (Universidad de Los Andes), and UNELLEZ (Universidad Experimental de 10s Llanos 

“Ezequiel Zamora”). For herbaria, the abbreviations are from Index Herbariorum, seventh edition 

(Holmgren et al., 1981). 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.-This research has been 

sponsored by the Fundacion “Explora,” Caracas, 

directed by Charles Brewer-Carias. The Fundacion’s substantial funding is greatly appreciated. 

The authors wish to express their gratitude to 

the curators of the following herbaria for permission to consult specimens and archives: MER, 

MERF, MY, MYF, NY, US, VEN. Also, we are 

grateful to colleagues and friends all over the 

world who have provided us with the necessary 

information about their collecting activities in 

Territorio Federal Amazonas. We wish to thank 

especially Maria Huber, Julian A. Steyermark, 

Stephen Tillett, Markus Colchester, and Sarah 

K. Eichhorn for their great help during the preparation of the manuscript. J.L. Zarucchi contributed, from a paper in preparation, information 

on Spruce’s collections. 

The maps were drawn by Tomas Rodriguez, 

Caracas, Venezuela, and their inclusion in this 

study is made possible by the gracious permission 

of the Direccion General de Informacion e Investigacion del Ambiente, Ministerio del Ambiente y de 10s Recursos Naturales Renovables, 

Republica de Venezuela. 

GEOGRAPHY 

The Territorio Federal Amazonas occupies 

the southernmost portion of the Republic of 

Venezuela. It is located between 0’40”- 

6’15” and 63”2O’W-67”50’W; the area is 

178,095 km2 (CODESUR, 1979). It is subdivided into four administrative departments: Departamento Atures (capital, Puerto Ayacucho); 

Departamento Atabapo (capital, San Fernando 

de Atabapo); Departamento Casiquiare (capital, 

Maroa), and Departamento Rio Negro (capital, 

San Carlos de Rio Negro). Since 1924 Puerto 

Ayacucho has been the capital of the Territorio. 

It currently has approximately 20,000 inhabitants and is the seat of the Governor and other 

public regional institutions. Other major towns 

and settlements are San Fernando de Atabapo, 

San Carlos de Rio Negro, Maroa, San Juan de 

Manapiare, Yavita, Santa Barbara, San Antonio, 

Esmeralda, Victorino, Santa Rosa de Amanadona, Guarinuma, Macuruco, and Cacuri (see 

Map 1, at back of book). 

The Territorio Federal Amazonas is limited 

on the north by the District0 Cedeno of the 

adjoining Venezuelan Estado Bolivar; on the east 

by the Territorio Federal Roraima of Brazil; on 

the south by the Estado do Amazonas, Brazil; 

and on the west by the Comisarias Vichada and 

Vaupes of Colombia. These boundaries are 

formed in most cases by natural watersheds at 

the tops of mountains and mountain ranges (in 

the northern, eastern, and southern frontiers); 

the western boundaries are formed by the 

courses of the Rios Orinoco, Atabapo, Guainia, 

and Negro. In only two cases has the frontier 

been delimited artificially: in the southwestern 

portion (Venezuelan-Brazilian frontier) by a line 

drawn between Piedra de Cocuy on the Rio 

Negro and the Salto Hua on Cano Maturaca at 

the western base of Sierra Neblina, and in the 

GuainiarAtabapo region (Venezuelan-Colombian 

frontier), where an artificial boundary line is 

drawn approximately from the confluence of the 

three rivers Atacavi, Temi, and Guasacavi to the 

west of the village of Victorino on the Rio 

Guainia. 

Physiography 

The Territorio Federal Amazonas has two 

main physiographical regions, the vast peneplain 

of the Casiquiare in the central and southwestern 

section and the huge mountain systems embracing the Territorio to the north, east, and south. 

Between these generally level lowlands and the 

different mountain systems, several piedmont 
NUMBER 56 3 

landscapes of variable width and altitude are 

developed; in these, the frequent, isolated granite hills (“inselbergs,” ulajas”) form the most outstanding features. Because of the complicated 

geological and geomorphological history of the 

Territorio, which is not yet clearly understood, 

this region at the southwestern border of the 

Guayana Shield offers an overwhelming variety 

of different landscapes and other topographic 

features within a relatively small area. 

MOUNTAIN SYSTEMS.-FrOm north to south 

and from west to east the following main mountain systems can be distinguished (see Map 1). 

Cerros Guanay, Santo, Camani, Morrocoy, Coro-coro, Yutaje, Yavi, and Ualipano. 

This mountain chain extends along the northern-central 

boundary between T. F. Amazonas and Estado Bolivar. 

The general height of these mountains ranges between 

840 m (Cerro Morrocoy west of San Juan de Manapiare) 

and nearly 2300 m (Cerro Yavi in the upper Parucito 

Valley), whereas the remaining mountains have altitudes 

of 1500-1800 m. All of them except Cerro Ualipano 

(which is also called Cerro Calentura and is of granitic 

origin) are typical table mountains (‘tepuis”) with more or 

less flat surfaces formed by sandstone belonging to the 

Roraima Formation; they arise abruptly from the surrounding piedmont and lowland region with vertical cliffs 

up to 400 m high. (Further literature in Hitchcock, 1947, 

1948; Lasser and Maguire, 1950; Maguire and Phelps, 

195 1 ; Mayr and Phelps, 1967). 

Located to the southeast of Puerto Ayacucho, this mountain system is one of the largest in T. F. Amazonas. Its 

highest elevations reach approximately 2000 m (no definite altitude measurements available) and most of the 

surface is flat to slightly inclined towards the east, showing 

typical tepui landscape with a dissected plateau. The upper 

rock strata consist of Roraima Formation. The spectacular 

Cerro Autana, at the western end of the range, is an 

isolated tower with an altitude of approximately 1300 m 

and a surface of about 0.3 km‘; it is, therefore, the 

westernmost Venezuelan tepui and at the same time the 

smallest in area. Cerro Autana was declared a natural 

monument in 1978. (Additional literature: Mayr and 

Phelps, 1967; Colvee, 1973; Steyermark, 1974, 1975; 

Brewer-Carias, 1976). 

This range is located in the headwaters of the Rio Ventuari 

to the southwest of Cacuri (a recent Ye’kuana (Makiritare) 

settlement on the upper Ventuari). It reaches approximately 2000 m at its highest southwestern point, but the 

Cerros Autana, Cuao, Sipapo (Paraque). 

Cerros Paru (A’roko) and Asisa. 

main level is between 1100 and 1600 m. The strongly 

dissected internal plateaus are more or less flat and formed 

by sandstone of the Roraima Formation, as are the outer 

cliffs. The southwestern portion is called Cerro Asisa, but 

it forms part of the entire massif of Paru. (Additional 

information: Mayr and Phelps, 1967; Hoyos, 1973). 

This elongated sandstone table mountain of approximately 1250 m elevation is located about 40 km southeast 

of the Orinoco-Ventuari confluence. It is entirely covered 

by forest, except on some cliffs at the northern and the 

southern faces. It is the only isolated mountain arising 

from the Casiquiare peneplain. Due to the extraordinary 

biological value of the flora and fauna found on this 

mountain and in the surrounding lowlands, the Venezuelan government in 1978 decreed this area as the “Parque 

Nacional Yapacana.” (Further information: Mayr and 

Phelps, 1967). 

This famous and spectacular mountain system is one of 

the largest in T. F. Amazonas and reaches its highest 

elevation of approximately 2850 m in Cerro Marahuaca. 

Cerro Huachamacari reaches about 1700 m, and Cerro 

Duida 2400 m on its southern ridge. These mountains are 

located in the central part of the Territorio, just to the 

northwest of Esmeralda on the upper Orinoco, and to the 

east and north of the Rio Cunucunuma. All three mountains, isolated from one another by steep valleys, are 

typical tepuis of the Roraima Sandstone Formation. Duida 

is by far the largest one, covering approximately 400 km’; 

the other two mountain systems are much smaller in 

extent. Cerros Duida and Marahuaca together form the 

“Parque Nacional Duida-Marahuaca,” established in December 1978. (Further literature: Humboldt, 1818-1829; 

Schomburgk, 1840a,b; Tate and Hitchcock, 1930; Schomburgk, 193 1 ; Mayr and Phelps, 1967; Medina, 1969). 

The Parima range extending froni north to south forms 

the eastern boundary of T. F. Amazonas with Brazil. It 

shows the geomorphological features of an “altiplano” 

ranging generally between 900 and 1200 m in altitude, 

and has a slightly dissected, rather undulating relief with 

smooth to conical peaks up to 1500 m. Apparently, only 

a few isolated remnants of the Roraima Formation are 

found within the Parima range, which consists mainly of 

granitic rock formations of the igneous basement of the 

Guayana Shield (RADAMBRASIL, 1975). (Additional information: Schomburgk, 1840a,b; Koch-Grunberg, 19 17; 

Rice, 1928, 1937; Holdridge, 1933; Smole, 1976). 

No data are available on this large mountainous area south 

of the uppermost headwaters of the Rio Orinoco and 

bordering the Rio Matapire to the north (Sierra Unturan) 

and to the south (Sierra Tapirapeco). The average height 

Cerro Yapacana. 

Cerros Duida, Marahuaca and Huachamacari. 

Sierra Parima. 

Sierras Unturan and Tapirapeco. 
4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

of these mountains may well reach or exceed 1000 m. So 

far, no sandstone formations have been recorded for this 

region. 

Sierra de la Neblina, Cerro Avispa, Cerro Aracamuni, Sierra 

Imeri. 

These are the southernmost mountains of Venezuela, 

forming an enormous complex of plateaus, valleys, slopes 

and cliffs, all now in the recently declared “Parque Nacional Neblina” (December 1978). Pic0 Phelps, just 600 

m south of the Venezuelan border on Sierra Neblina, is 

the highest elevation of Brazil, 3045 m. Most of the massif 

ranges between 1200 m (Cerro Aracamuni to the north) 

and 2100-2500 m (Cerro de la Neblina to the south). 

Cerros Aracamuni and Avispa unmistakably bear the character of flat-topped tepuis. Cerro de la Neblina shows a 

much more irregular topography on its summit, which 

consists mainly of quartzitic sediments. (Further literature: 

Maguire, 1955; Maguire and Wurdack, 1959, 1960; Ort, 

1965; Mayr and Phelps, 1967). 

LOWLANDS.-The lowland region of T. F. 

Amazonas has elevations ranging from 60 m near 

the confluence of the Rios Orinoco and Meta at 

the northwestern edge to approximately 500 m 

in the uppermost headwater region of the Rios 

Orinoco and Ventuari. Most of the extensive 

Casiquiare peneplain lies at an altitude ranging 

between 100 and 200 m. At least five distinct 

physiographic lowland plains can be identified 

within the Territorio, proceeding from north to 

south and from west to east as listed. 

Piedmont region. 

This region includes the Orinoco to the east between San 

Fernando de Atabapo and its confluence with the Rio 

Meta; it extends eastward from the right-hand side of the 

river to the base of the Serranias Cuao and Sipapo. The 

northern section of this area consists of gently rolling 

landscape with many isolated granitic outcrops up to 400 

m high. The vegetation is predominantly forest, interrupted by more or less extensive savannas. The southern 

section is nearly flat and densely covered by tall forests, 

except the southermost portion, where wide open savannas begin to predominate. 

These extensive alluvial plains cover most of the basin 

drained by the Rios Manapiare and Parucito and are 

completely flat. The northern part is covered by inundated savannas and forests, whereas the southern half is 

covered densely by tall forests. 

This region extends from the confluence of the Rio Ventuari with the Orinoco on the west to the headwaters 

Manapiare basin plains. 

Ventuari plains. 

region of the Rio Ventuari on the east. The area is drained 

by the Ventuari and its left-hand tributaries Yureba, Murueta, Paru and Asisa and by the right-hand tributaries 

Canos Corocoro and Picure (or Guapuchi) in its lower 

section. These plains are covered by a mosaic of partly 

inundated savannas and forests. 

This is the largest lowland area of T. F. Amazonas, covering more than a third of its entire surface (approximately 

60,000 km‘). It is delimited as follows: to the north by the 

Rio Orinoco from San Fernando de Atabapo to its junction with the Rio Ventuari and by the lower section of the 

Ventuari itself; to the east by the mountain systems of 

Serrania del Tigre (south of Carmelitas or Yacurai on the 

lower Ventuari) and of Huachamacari-Duida up to Esmeralda, then by the Rios Orinoco and Mavaca; to the south 

by the Serrania del Unturin and Cerro Aracamuni; and 

to the west, by the Rios Atabapo, Guainia and Negro (in 

Venezuela; but the Casiquiare peneplain extends further 

westward into Colombia). This extensive area is drained 

by four river systems: the Rio Orinoco and all its eastern 

tributaries between Esmeralda and Santa Barbara (Rios 

Cunucunuma, Guanami, Puruname, and Yagua); the Rio 

Atabapo and its eastern tributaries (Cano Caname, Rio 

Atacavi, Rio Temi); the Rio Guainia between Victorino 

and its confluence with the Rio Casiquiare and its lefthand tributaries (Canio Pimichin, Canio San Miguel or 

Conorochite, and CanioTirinquin); and, finally, the Cano

or Brazo or Canal Casiquiare itself together with its southern tributaries (Rio Pamoni, Rio Pasiba, Rios Manipitare 

and Siapa, and Rio Pacimoni). The Casiquiare peneplain 

has only a few emergent hills, such as the Serrania Cariche 

west of the bifurcation on the left bank of the Rio Orinoco, 

less than 300 m high. In the region south of the Casiquiare, 

isolated granitic outcrops are common. The best known 

are Piedras Culimacare and Guanari, on the left bank of 

the lower Casiquiare, and Laja Catipan on the lower 

Yatua, a tributary of the Rio Pacimoni. The vegetative 

cover of the Casiquiare peneplain is formed predominantly by lowland rain forests in the central and eastern 

sections, by a mosaic of savannas, scrub, and low to medium forests in the northern section, and by ‘caatinga” 

forests in the southwestern section. 

This heavily forested lowland, between 200 and 500 m 

above sea level, extends between the eastern bank of the 

upper Orinoco from Esmeralda to its confluence with the 

Rio Manaviche, and the western base of the Sierra Parima, 

continuing southward east of the Rio Mavaca until it 

reaches the northern base of Sierra de Unturan. The main 

rivers draining the area are the Orinoco and its right-hand 

tributaries Rio Ocamo, Rio Padamo (formed by the Rios 

Cuntinamo, Botamo or Uotamo, and Matacuni) and Cafio 

Iguapo, (Humboldt’s ‘Guapo”); from the south the only 

important tributary is the Rio Mavaca. 

Casiquiare Peneplain. 

Upper Orinoco piedmont plains. 
NUMBER 56 5 

Additional information on the geographical 

features of the lowland regions of T. F. Amazonas are given in the classical accounts of Humboldt (1 8 18-1 829), Schomburgk (1 840a,b), Wallace (1 853), Michelena y Rojas (1 867), Chaffanjon (1 889), Spruce (1 908), Rice (1 92 l), Tate and 

Hitchcock (1 930), Schomburgk (1 93 l), Hitchcock (1 947, 1948). 

This brief geographical outline of the Territorio Federal Amazonas provides a general account of the names of the main rivers, mountains, 

towns and villages referred to widely by the 

collectors cited in the next sections. For additional detailed information the following may 

also be consulted: Tavera-Acosta (1 906, 19 13- 

1914), Jahn (1909a,b), Friel (1924), Roncayolo 

(1934), Ramos Perez (1946), Gomez Picon 

(1953), Maguire (1979), and the (partly unpublished) reports of CODESUR produced between 

1970-1979. Of these the most significant is the 

one that resulted from the radar inventory of 

Territorio Federal Amazonas and the accompanying set of maps (Aeroservice, 1972). 

Until 15 to 20 years ago, the most important 

maps of the region were the sheets NA-19, NA20, NB-19, and NB-20 of the American Geographical Society’s map of Hispanic America, 

scale 1:1,000,000. During the years 1971-1972, 

the already mentioned radar inventory, carried 

out by Aeroservice on behalf of CODESUR, 

covered cartographically the entire Territorio 

Federal Amazonas and adjacent Distrito Cedeno 

of Estado Bolivar. As a result, a base map, scale 

1 : 1,000,000, was produced by the Cartografia 

Nacional of Venezuela in 1975. Today this is 

considered the official map of that region. It 

should be emphasized here that, since 1975, all 

modern expeditions to Territorio Federal Amazonas, especially those trips made by helicopter, 

have used this base map and its toponymy for the 

identification of their collecting sites and areas 

visited. 

This same radar inventory also has provided a 

set of 19 maps on the scale of 1:250,000 for each 

of the following themes: “Geology and Geomorphology,” “Soils,” “Hydrography,” and “Vegetation.” These maps have not been published but 

may be consulted at the offices of Cartografia 

Nacional of the Ministerio del Ambiente y de 10s 

Recursos Naturales Renovables (MARNR) in Caracas. Another recent cartographic publication 

on T. F. Amazonas is the Atlas de la Region Sur 

by CODESUR (1973; 1979, second edition). Finally, many kinds of expeditions to regions south 

of the Orinoco are widely employing LANDSATand ERTS-satellite imagery. 

TRANSPORTATION 

By far the most important means of transportation is still fluvial navigation by small- to medium-sized boats. “Curiara” and “bongo” are 

small boats (dugouts) made from a single tree 

trunk by hollowing out and opening the trunk 

with fire. This is a technique of long tradition in 

T. F. Amazonas among the Makiritare Indians 

(which are by far the most river-bound tribe). A 

large-sized curiara or bongo can be up to 12- 15 

m long, carry one to two tons of cargo and is 

often provided with a palm roof or, more recently, a tin roof. “Falcas” and “piraguas” (the 

latter term is no longer used) are boats of larger 

size made of wooden planks and provided generally with a small room at the rear of the boat. 

These are the largest boats, irregularly navigating for commercial and trading purposes the 

upper Orinoco above the rapids of Maypures at 

Samariapo and the Rio Negro. Navigation on the 

Rios Casiquiare, Atabapo, Guainia and Manapiare, as well as on the upper part of the Rio 

Ventuari is determined by the strong fluctuations 

of the river levels between the rainy seasons 

(March to December) and the relatively dry season (during the rest of the year). 

Next of importance today is the airplane. The 

capital of Puerto Ayacucho can be reached daily 

in 50 minutes by jet from Caracas. Most major 

settlements within the Territorio are served by a 

regular monomotor airline network. During the 

first period of activity of CODESUR (1970- 

1973), many small landing strips were con- 
6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

structed in regions hitherto unaccessible other 

than by river. 

Three roads outside of towns now exist in the 

Territorio. One, recently paved and about 160 

km, runs from Puerto Nuevo (El Burro in front 

of the confluence of the Orinoco and Meta) to 

Puerto Ayacucho and to Sanariapo (or Samariapo). In the near future, this road will connect 

the Territorio with the adjoining Distrito Cedeno of Estado Bolivar and with Caicara on the 

Orinoco. Another road, unpaved, goes from 

Yavita to Pimichin to Maroa, approximately 38 

km. The first part (Yavita to Pimichin) was used 

by Humboldt in 1800; the second part (Pimichin 

to Maroa), as well as the airfield of Maroa, was 

constructed by CODESUR in 1972-1973. The 

third road extends from San Carlos de Rio Negro 

to Solano, connecting the Rio Negro with the 

Casiquiare. It has a length of approximately 20 

km and was built by CODESUR in 1973. 

Chronology of Botanical Exploration 

GENERAL 

In this section, a chronological resume of the 

main phases of botanical exploration in Territorio Federal Amazonas is given. In Table 1, however, a complete chronological record of all botanical collectors, together with the areas visited 

by them in T. F. Amazonas between 1800 and 

1982 (inclusive), also may be consulted for major 

details. 

Although there is no doubt that the first actual 

herbarium specimens from T. F. Amazonas were 

gathered by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1800, 

there must have been some earlier specimens of 

wild cocoa collected by missionaries or other 

travelers around 1730-1740 in the upper Orinoco region (Rios Padamo and Ocamo). As a 

matter of fact, in 1754 an official botanist, Pehr 

Loefling, a student of Linnaeus, was sent on the 

Solano expedition specifically to gather authentic 

specimens of cocoa and other useful plants, such 

as the Para- or Brazil-nut, in the upper Orinoco 

region. Previous samples of cocoa that were 

brought to the attention of Linnaeus had been 

identified as Theobroma cacao L. and were reputed 

to be of better quality than the races from the 

Brazilian Amazon (Ramos Perez, 1946). The premature death of Loefling on the lower Orinoco 

delayed botanical exploration of the Territorio 

Federal Amazonas by some 40 years. Although 

Solano’s expedition hired several persons as substitutes for Loefling, they do not seem to have 

collected botanical specimens, for no herbarium 

material resulting from their activities is known 

to have reached Europe. 

As has already been mentioned above, the 

expedition of Alexander von Humboldt and 

Aim6 Bonpland to the upper Orinoco region in 

April to June 1800 must be considered the first 

real botanical exploration in this area. Despite 

the extremely difficult conditions so vividly described by Humboldt, 500 to 1000 collections 

were made, mainly by Bonpland, and an impressive number of them were new to science. The 

route followed by Humboldt and Bonpland took 

them only through the lowlands of the Territorio. Most of their collections were made in riverine forests or in forests and open places around 

the main settlements of Atures, Maypures, San 

Fernando de Atabapo, Yavita, San Carlos de Rio 

Negro, and Esmeralda. 

Thirty-nine years later, between January and 

March 1839, the next botanical exploration was 

carried out, this time by a geographer entering 

the Territorio from the opposite side of that of 

Humboldt and Bonpland. Robert Hermann 

Schomburgk traveled from the northern Parima 

mountains to Esmeralda, partly by walking and 

partly by navigating the Rios Cuntinamo and 

Padamo. From Esmeralda he continued his exploration down the Rios Orinoco, Casiquiare and 

Negro into Brazil, thence back to Guyana via the 

Rio Branco. 

Next, from April 1853 to November 1854, 

Richard Spruce made his historical plant-collecting expeditions over wide areas of the Territorio, 

becoming also the first botanist to visit the Rio 

Cunucunuma and the Rios Pacimoni and Yatca. 

His extensive collections, together with those of 
NUMBER 56 7 

Humboldt and Bonpland, provided the basic 

flora of the region for more than 80 years. Somewhat earlier, from February to March 1852, his 

colleague, the famous naturalist Alfred Russel 

Wallace, spent two months in intensive observations (collecting plants and insects) at Yavita; 

unfortunately almost all his collections were lost 

during the return to Europe. 

During the 19th Century a number of explorers tried to reach the sources of the Rio Orinoco, 

the most important being Arnaud (1 835-1 837), 

Codazzi (1838), and Michelena y Rojas (1855- 

1876), but only the expedition of Chaffanjon in 

1886 obtained plant collections. Chaffanjon was 

followed, a year later, by another French botanist, Gaillard, who made extensive cryptogamic 

(and some phanerogamic) collections from the 

regions around Atures (Puerto Ayacucho) and 

San Fernando de Atabapo. In the same year, the 

first Venezuelan naturalist and botanist, Alfred0 

Jahn, together with Vincent Marcano, visited the 

Territorio Federal Amazonas and made a small 

collection of plants later described by Ernst 

(1 888). 

After more than 30 years of botanical inactivity in T. F. Amazonas, Hamilton Rice made an 

expedition in 1920 to the Rios Negro, Casiquiare, and upper Orinoco. This was the first 

time a motor-powered launch was used in this 

region. Although no collections were made during Rice's expedition, interest in the region was 

again stimulated. A few years later, in 1928, 

G.H.H. Tate, leading an American Museum of 

Natural History expedition to Cerro Duida ("Tyler-Duida Expedition"), was the first to explore 

the fauna and flora of a tepui in T. F. Amazonas, 

obtaining many species and genera new to science. During 1929 to 193 1 the ornithologist 

Ernest Holt collected plants twice along the Rios 

Orinoco, Casiquiare, and Negro. In 1931, he 

made the first ascent to the summit of Cerro 

Yapacana, collecting only birds there. 

In the late thirties another legendary explorer, 

Capitan Felix Cardona, made his first expedition 

in Amazonas. He was a member of the Venezuelan-Brazilian Frontier Commission, which was 

the first to visit (1945-1946) the southernmost 

mountains in the headwaters of the Rio Siapa or 

Matapire, as the upper course of this river is now 

called. 

During August to September 1944, Julian 

Steyermark made his first trip to T. F. Amazonas, 

making the second ascent to the summit of Cerro 

Duida. This outstanding botanist collected a 

large number of previously unknown plant taxa. 

An extensive ornithological exploring program to most of the principal tepuis of Estado 

Bolivar and T. F. Amazonas was undertaken by 

W.H. Phelps, Jr., and his colleagues between 

1938 and 1955. This was followed starting in 

1948 in T. F. Amazonas by an equally intensive 

program of expeditions led by Bassett Maguire 

of The New York Botanical Garden. Maguire 

and his colleagues, Cowan and Wurdack, carried 

out the most complete plant collecting survey 

ever made in Amazonas. Their collection total 

in Amazonas exceeded 10,000 numbers, with 

many new species, genera and even families represented. 

Another famous exploration was the "Expedici6n Franco-Venezolana a las Fuentes del Orinocon (French-Venezuelan expedition to the 

sources of the Orinoco), which started in July 

195 1 from Esmeralda and in November reached 

for the first time the sources of that magnificant 

river. From this expedition the well-known botanist and biogeographer, Leon Croizat, brought 

back more than 1000 numbers of plants from a 

region hitherto unvisited by any botanist. 

Other botanical expeditions in the fifties and 

early sixties were made by Vareschi and the 

bryologist K. Magdefrau (1 958) in commemoration of the centennial of Humboldt's death 

(" Humboldt-Gedachtnis-Expedition 1 9 5 8"); by 

Foldats to the Rio Atacavi, a tributary of the Rio 

Atabapo (1 960); and by Breteler to the region of 

Isla Rat6n and the lower Rio Sipapo (1 965). 

The epoch of modern expeditions by means 

of airplane and helicopter support was preceded, 

in the early sixties, by a number of aerial reconnaissance flights made by such famous jungle 

pilots as Harry Gibson. Among other important 
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

observations, Gibson discovered the caves of 

Cerro Autana on 8 March 1950 and the spectacular sinkholes on top of Cerro Sarisarinama in 

Estado Bolivar on 25 November 196 1. The first 

truly botanical expedition by airplane to T. F. 

Amazonas was made in July 1967 by Vareschi 

and his friend and expert pilot, Dr. E. Herbig. 

They landed a small airplane in a natural savanna 

of the remote Parima region at Simarawochi 

(headwaters of Rio Matacuni). During their visit, 

they carried out botanical and ecological studies 

of the surrounding area. 

In March of the same year, Phelps and collaborators completed the first expedition by helicopter to a tepui in the Guayana Highlands, to 

the Jaua-Sarisarinama massif in Estado Bolivar. 

Thus was inaugurated an entirely new style of 

exploration, which soon was to become adopted 

in most later Venezuelan expeditions. The first 

helicopter expedition in T. F. Amazonas took 

place in January 1969 during the AsoVAC-Expedition to Cerro Duida and the upper Orinoco 

region; it was based at Esmeralda and was conducted by E. Medina and his botanical colleagues 

M. Farinas and J. Velasquez. 

The “Geographical Magazine Amazonas Expedition by Hovercraft” during April and May 

1968 was another memorable expedition: T. F. 

Amazonas was crossed from south to north, coming from Manaus enroute to the island of Trinidad. Among the scientific personnel were the 

British geographers, M. Eden, D.R. Harris, and 

J.B. Thornes, and the Venezuelan ecologist E. 

Medina. 

The decade beginning in 1970 has been characterized by an impressive increase of botanical 

research in Venezuelan Amazonas. The recent 

creation of a governmental development agency 

for the Territorio Federal Amazonas (CODESUR) focused much attention between 1970 and 

1974 on the natural resources of this region and 

the possibilities of their exploitation. CODESUR 

was the Venezuelan counterpart to the Brazilian 

program, which in the late sixties implemented a 

development plan for its Amazonian highway 

system. During 1971 and 1972, an extensive 

radar inventory of the natural resources of the 

Territorio gave, for the first time, precise basic 

information on the river systems, physiography, 

geology, geomorphology, soils, vegetation, and 

landscapes of the upper Orinoco basin. Also in 

the course of the CODESUR program, spectacular expeditions were carried out. These include 

the trip to Cerro Autana in September 197 1 by 

Brewer-Carias and Steyermark and the first exploration of the summit of Cerro Marahuaca 

during January and February 1975 by Tillett 

and his companions. As a result of these expeditions, a wealth of new information was gathered 

on the botany of this western section of the 

Guayana Highlands. 

During 1974, one of the most important research projects on tropical forests was started at 

San Carlos de Rio Negro. It was organized by an 

international and multidisciplinary team of scientists (mainly ecologists) under the direction of 

E. Medina and R. Herrera (both from IVIC, 

Venezuela), H. Klinge (Max-Planck-Institut, Federal Republic of Germany), and C. Jordan (University of Georgia, U.S.A.), under the auspices 

of UNESCO’s “Man and Biosphere” research 

program. The presence of a resident botanist, H. 

Clark, at San Carlos de Rio Negro for several 

years together with the repeated visits of R. 

Liesner (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis) 

has augmented significantly the knowledge of 

the flora of the region. It is now very likely the 

best explored area in T. F. Amazonas. 

In 1977, the former CODESUR development 

agency was transferred into the newly created 

Ministerio del Ambiente y de 10s Recursos Naturales Renovables (MARNR; Ministry of Environment and Natural Renewable Resources); 

from then on, the exploration activities, both 

botanical and zoological, in Territorio Federal 

Amazonas have been widely advanced by wellequipped base camps at San Juan de Manapiare, 

Santa Birbara, Tamatama, and San Carlos de 

Rio Negro, along with efficient airplane and 

helicopter support. During 1977 to 1981, an 

intensive botanical-ecological inventory of the 

savannas and other herbaceous formations in the 

lowlands of the Territorio was carried out by 0. 

Huber, accompanied by a faunistic (mainly her- 
NUMBER 56 9 

petological) inventory (by J. Cerda) and by a 

geomorphological-pedological study of the savanna landscape (by A. Zinck). Since 1980, the 

regional office of MARNR at Puerto Ayacucho 

has promoted the establishment of a regional 

herbarium. Its founder and first curator, F. 

Guanchez, is the botanical resident of MARNR 

in T. F. Amazonas. He has already made several 

expeditions to remote places in the Territorio. 

During the last two years the botanical exploration of the highest parts of the Duida-Marahuaca massif has been the highlight of the most 

recent phase of exploration in the Guayana Highland: first by Maguire and Steyermark (January 

198 l), then by Steyermark and Liesner (February 1981), and finally by Steyermark, Luteyn, 

Mori, Holmgren, and Guariglia Uanuary to February 1982). A large number of collections from 

the summit of Marahuaca, including numerous 

species and three new genera, have resulted from 

these three expeditions conducted by BrewerCarias and aided by helicopter transport. 

Before concluding this outline, mention also 

should be made of the numerous plant collections 

and other contributions made by non-botanists, 

mainly anthropologists, during their research on 

the different Indian tribes of the Territorio. 

Probably the first anthropologist visiting T. F. 

Amazonas was Theodor Koch-Grunberg, who 

entered the Territorio in 19 13 at the headwaters 

of the Rio Ventuari, homeland of the Makiritare 

Indians. Although he did not make plant collections, his descriptions of the region are an extremely valuable and useful source of information for any naturalist (Koch-Grunberg, 19 17, 

1979). Modern anthropological research has increasingly focused on the role of plants in the life 

of the Indians of these regions. Several studies 

have been made on ethnobotany in the upper 

Orinoco and Ventuari region, the most important being those by Lizot, Colchester and Lister, 

Colchester, Fuentes, and Ales and Chiappino. 

GEOGRAPHICALND CHRONOLOGICAL SYNOPSIS 

For the purpose of more direct reference, this 

section cites all the explorations that have taken 

place in the Territorio Federal Amazonas during 

the last two centuries, arranged chronologically. 

For each expedition, the main geographical areas 

where plant collections were made are given. 

Accordingly, the Territorio Federal Amazonas 

has been subdivided into 18 areas, of which the 

first ten (1 -1 0) refer to lowlands and the following eight (1 1-18) refer to uplands (mainly tepuis). 

Map 2 shows the delimitation of the 18 geographical areas in the Territorio. Although an 

attempt has been made to adhere as far as possible to the natural regions of the Territorio, it 

must be kept in mind that in some cases the areas 

delimited are rather artificial. For reference convenience, places that have been visited frequently 

have been united into one area, but without 

precise indication of the collecting locality. This 

is particularly true for the riverine vegetation; 

therefore, the Rio Orinoco, which has been visited more or less intensively by almost all collectors, has been subdivided into three main sectors; 

the Rios Casiquiare, Ventuari, and Atabapo are 

each one sector; and the Rios Guainia-Negro 

drainage area comprises two sections. Often the 

limits of the areas coincide with those reached 

by several expeditions; thus area 4 (Rio Orinoco 

from San Fernando de Atabapo up to Esmeralda) 

ends at Esmeralda, because J. large number of 

expeditions reached their limits on the Orinoco 

there. 

The chronological sequence (Table 1) begins 

in 1800 and continues through 31 Dec 1982. 

Collecting activities that continued for more than 

a year are cited first by year, dash, blank space, 

no indication of month (e.g., 1969-); subsequent 

entries for such continuations are identified by 

Ucont.’’ in the “Year” column. A year followed by 

a blank space (without indication of month) refers to an expedition started sometime during 

that year but with the exact date unknown. 

Month, dash, blank space (e.g., Sep-) indicates 

that the trip continues through the following 

year, ending in dash, month (e.g., -Mar). Doubtful date, collector, or place are accompanied by 

a question mark (?). 

The combined chronological-geographical ar- 
7' 

6' 

55 

40 

30 

20 

10 

10 

QO 

- 

a 

m 

I 

0 

0 A 

_..-..-..-.. 4;? 

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

0 67O 66' 64O 

8 R IA S 

ESCALA GRAFICA 

L 

00 

MAP 2.-Botanical collecting areas in T. F. Amazonas (circled numbers: 1-10 = lowland areas; 

1 1 - 18 = upland areas; hatching denotes botanically unexplored areas; see p. 20 ff for numbered 

area definitions). 
TABLE 1 .-Chronological sequence of botanical exploration in T. F. Amazonas 

(for explanations see p. 9 and Map 2). 

Year Month($ Collector(s) 

1800 

1839 

1853 

1854 

1886 

1887 

188? 

1907- 

1928 

1908 

1929 

1930 

1931 

1935 

1937 

1939 

1940 

1941 

1942 

Apr-Jun 

Jan-Mar 

Apr-Nov 

Nov-Dec 

Dec 

Jan 

Feb 

Feb-May 

Jun 

Jun-Jul 

Aug-Nov 

Sep-Dec 

Apr-Sep 

Oct 

? 

SepOct 

NOV- 

-Mar 

-Feb 

Jan-May 

Aug-Sep 

-Apr 

May-Jun 

Nov- 

-May 

SeP 

NOVJan 

Jan-Feb 

Feb-Mar 

Mar-Apr 

Apr-Ma y 

Humboldt and Bonpland 

Sctiomburgk 

Spruce 

Spruce 

Spruce 

Spruce 

Spruce 

Spruce 

Spruce 

Spruce 

Spruce 

Chaffanjon 

Gaillard 

Jahn 

Bungeroth? 

Weiss and Schmidt? 

Tate 

Luetzelburg 

Tate 

Holt and Gehriger 

Holt and Gehriger 

Holt and Blake 

Ducke 

Lichy 

Cardona 

Cardona 

Williams 

Cardona 

Cardona 

Williams 

Williams 

Williams 

Williams 

Williams 

Lowlands Uplands 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X xxx 

X x xx 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

X? 

X? 

X? 

X xx 

X X 

X xx 

X xx 

X xx 

xx xx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X? 

X? 
TABLE 1 .-Continued. 

Ycar Month(s) Collector(s) 

I .owlinids Uplands 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

1942 

1944 

1945 

1946 

1947 

1948 

1949 

1950 

1951 

1952 

1953 

1953 

1954 

1955 

1957 

1958 

May-Jun 

Jun-Jul 

Mar 

Aug-Sep 

Dee 

Dec 

Feb 

APr 

Mar 

Dee 

Nov 

Nov-Dec 

NOVJan 

-Mar 

Apr-May 

Apr-Jun 

Oct 

Nov-Dee 

Jan-Feb 

Jan-Feb 

Feb 

Mar 

Jul-Sep 

Jul-Sep 

May-Jun 

Jan-Mar 

Mar-Apr 

Nov- 

-Feb 

Apr-Sep 

Dee 

Sep-Oct 

Oct- 

-Jan 

APr 

Jan-Feb 

Jan 

Williams 

Williams 

Baldwin 

Steyermark 

Froes 

Cardona 

Phelps 

Cardona 

Phelps et al. 

Schultes and Lopez 

Araque Molina and Barkley 

Cruxent 

Maguire et al. 

Phelps et al. 

Maguire et al. 

Maguire and Maguire, Jr. 

Curran 

Barnes 

Maguire et al. 

Maguire et al. 

Maguire et al. 

Maguire et al. 

Cowan and Wurdack 

Cowan and Wurdack 

Maguire 

Croizat 

Couret 

Leopold I I I 

Maguire and Maguire 

Maguire et al. 

Maguire et al. 

Maguire et al. 

Level 

Wurdack and Monachino 

Maguire et al. 

Maguire et al. 

Maguire et al. 

Vareschi and Miigdefrau 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X xx 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X x xx x xx 

X 

x xx 

X xxx X 

X X xxx 

X X 

X 

X xx xx 

X 

X 

X X x x xx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 
TABLE I .-Continued. 

Year 

1958 

1959 

1960 

1961 

I962 

1963 

1964 

1965 

1966 

1967 

Month(s) Collector(s) 

Jan-Feh 

Mar-Apr 

Jun-Jul 

Dee 

May-Aug 

Aug-Sep 

Feh 

Oct 

Dec 

Mar- Apr 

Dee 

Nov 

Oct- 

-Feb 

APr 

Aug 

Aug 

Nov-Dec 

APr 

Apr-May 

JuI 

Magdefrau 

Matos 

Pannier and Schwabe 

laser and Dryer 

Wurdack and Adderly 

Foldats 

Vareschi 

Cardona 

Brewer-Carias

Vareschi 

Vareschi 

Ewe1 

Vareschi and Jaffee 

Sch wabe 

Breteler 

Maguire et al. 

Maguire et al. 

Campos 

Dressler 

Argumosa 

Vareschi 

Jul-Aug 

1968 Jan-Feb 

Apr-May 

Apr-May 

Apr-May 

Apr-May 

1969 Jan-Feb 

Jul 

Dec 

1969- 

1970 Jan 

Apr-May 

May 

1970 Oct 

Oct 

Ruiz-Teran 

Wessels-Boer 

Ruiz-Teran and Bautista 

Medina 

Eden 

Harris 

Gorinsk y 

Farinas et al. 

Bunting et al. 

Bunting 

Lizot 

Aristeguieta and Lizot 

Steyermark and Bunting 

Bunting 

Rutkis 

Steyermark et al. 

Lowlands Uplands 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

X X x x xx 

X X 

X X X 

X! 

X xxx X 

X X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

x xx 

X 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

xx 

X 

xx 

xx 

xx 

xx 

X 

xx 

X 

X 

xx x x X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 
TABLE 1 .-Continued. 

Year Month($ Collector(s) 

1970- 

1971 

cont. 

1971 

1972 

1973 

1973 

1974 

cont. 

1975 

-? 

Feb 

Mar 

Mar 

Mar 

Mar- Apr 

Apr- May 

May 

SeP 

Oct-Nov 

May 

Aug-Sep 

Dec 

Dec 

Feb 

Feb-Mar 

Mar 

Apr-May 

May 

May 

Sep 

NOVFeb 

Mar 

Mar 

*pr 

APr 

May-Jun 

Sep-Dec 

Jan-Feb 

Jan-Feb 

May 

May 

Bossio 

Lizot 

Medina 

Cardona 

Manara 

Pinto and Sastre 

Ruiz-Teah and Rodriguez 

Foldats 

Blanco 

Steyermark 

Davidse 

Steyermark 

Eden 

Cardona 

Dunsterville 

Vareschi 

Cortez 

Agostini 

Steyermark 

Hoyos 

Morillo and Hoyos 

Morillo and Ishikdwd 

Medind 

Tillett and Hasegawa 

Tillett et al. 

Gentry and Tillett 

Jangoux 

Morillo et al. 

Tillett and Gutierrez 

Uhl 

Medina 

Hall 

Uhl 

Ferrigni et al. 

Tillett et al. 

Mondolfi 

Berry 

Uplands Lowlands 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

xx X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

xx 

X 

X 

X 
Year Month(s) Collector(s) 

1975 

cont. 

1976 

cont. 

cont. 

cont. 

1977 

cont. 

Jun 

Aug-Nov 

Sep 

SepSepOct-Nov 

Feb-Mar 

May 

Jun 

-Au~ 

-Aug 

Dec 

Dec 

Dec- 

-Jan 

Jan-Feb 

Feb 

Feb 

Feb 

Mar 

Mar 

May 

May-Sep 

Jun 

Jun 

1.1 

Oct 

OctNOV- 

-NOV 

Nov 

N ov- Dec 

Dec 

Gentry and Berry 

Bruinig 

Berry and Uhl 

Colchester and Lister 

Lister and Colchester 

Berry 

Medina 

Berry and Chesney 

Berry 

Berry 

Colchester and Lister 

Lister and Colchester 

Marcano-Berti 

Steyermark 

Monod 

Hall 

Medina 

Uhl 

Monod 

Huber 

Morillo 

Arends 

Fernandez 

Hermoso and Dubroeucq 

Steyermark et al. 

Steyermark et al. 

Huber, Huber and Tillett 

Steyermark et al. 

Steyermark et al. 

Tillett et al. 

Huber 

Guinand 

Hall 

Clark, H., and Clark, K. 

Morillo et al. 

Liesner 

Huber 

Medina 

?'ARI.E 1 .-Continued. 

Lowlands Uplands 

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 IS 14 15 16 17 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

x 

X 

X 

X 

X 
‘1‘ARI.E 1 .-Continued. 

Year Month(s) Collector(s) 

COllI. 

1978 

cont. 

conr. 

cont. 

1979 

1979 

Jan 

Jan 

Frb 

Feb 

Feb 

Feb-Mar 

Mar 

MarApr 

Apr 

Apr 

AprApr 

May 

May-Jun 

-Jun 

Jul-Aug 

Aug 

Aug 

Nov 

Nov 

Nov 

Nov-Dec 

Nov-1)ec 

-NOV 

Ian 

Jan-Feb 

Feb 

Feb 

Feb 

Feb-Mar 

-Mar 

Mar 

Mar 

Uhl 

Cardenas et al. 

Huber et al. 

Veillon 

Huber 

Tillett et al. 

Rogers 

Castillo 

Fuentes 

Davidse and Huber 

Huber and Davidse 

Morillo et al. 

Guariglia and lturriaga 

Steyermark and Kedmond 

Steyermark et al. 

Huber 

Guinand 

Huber 

Garofalo 

Huber 

Fernandez 

Hermoso 

Huber 

Fuentes 

Huber and Tillett 

Tillett and Huber 

Medina 

Uhl 

Clark, H., and Clark, K. 

Huber 

CASUB 

Huber and Rangel 

Plowman 

Steyermark et al. 

Huber 

Guariglia and lturriaga 

Marcano-Berti and Sakedo 

.l‘rujillo and Pulido 

Lowlands Uplands 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

xx 

xx 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

xx 

xx 

X 

X 

xx 

xx 

X? 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 
Year Month($ Collector(s) 

1979 AprApr-May 

Apr-May 

Apr-May 

Apr-May 

May 

Jun-Jul 

Aug 

Oct 

Nov 

Nov 

No-Dec 

con t . 

con t . 

cont. 

cont. 

1980 -? 

Jan-Feb 

Jan-Feb 

Feb-Mar 

Mar-Jul 

AprAprMay 

Jun 

J.1 

JuI 

.JulJul-Aug 

Aug 

SeP 

Sep-Nov 

Nov 

NOV 

Nov 

Nov 

DeC- 

-Nov 

Colchester 

Liesrier 

Huber et al. 

Davidse et al. 

Tillett et al. 

Huber 

Huber 

Huber 

Huber 

Rogers 

I honias 

Huber 

Medina 

Uhl 

Clark, H., and Clark, K. 

Fuentes 

Fuentes 

Liesner 

Huber 

Huber 

Huber 

Ales and Cheappino 

Guanchez 

Steyermark et al. 

Carabot 

Huber and lillett 

Tillett and Huber 

Buschbacher 

Huber 

Garofalo 

Huber et al. 

Huber 

Maas and Huber 

Maas et al. 

Steyermark et al. 

Pinate and Mondolfi 

Colchester 

Brown, Jr. 

_. 

TABLE 1 .--Continued. 

Uplands Lowlands 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

X 

X 

xx 

X x xx 

x xx 

X 

X x x xx 

X 

xx 

X xx 

X xx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X x x xx 

X 

xx 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

X? 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

X 
_. 

1 ABLE 1 .--Continued. 

Year Month($ Collector(s) 

Lowlands Uplands 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1

cont. 

cont. 

con t . 

1981 

1981 

cont. 

cont. 

cont. 

cont. 

cont. 

cont. 

1982 

-Jan 

Jan 

Jan 

Feb 

Feb 

Feb 

Mar 

Mar 

Mar - A p r 

Mar- Apr 

May 

Jun 

Jun 

J.1 

Jul-Aug 

Jul-Sep 

AugOct-Nov 

Nov 

Dec 

-Dec 

Jan-Feb 

Jan-Feb 

Feb 

Feb-Mar 

Mar 

May-Jun 

May-Jun 

Medina 

Uhl 

Clark, H., and Clark, K. 

Brown, Jr. 

Tillett and Brown, Jr. 

Maguire et al. 

Guanchez 

Huber and Medina 

Steyermark et al. 

Huber 

Liesner et al. 

Christenson et al. 

Delascio et al. 

Guanchez 

Huber 

Huber and Braun 

Guinchez 

Castillo 

Molina 

Dezzeo 

Delascio and Guanchez 

Tillett and Huber 

Coppens 

Clark, K. 

Medina 

Uhl 

Clark, H. 

Ales and Chiappino 

Guinchez 

Buschbacher 

Romero 

Steyermark et al. 

Guariglia et al. 

Ortiz and Narbaiza 

Huber 

Guinchez 

Tillett and IIuber 

Huber and Tillett 

X 

X 

X X 

xx 

X 

X X 

X 

xx xx X 

X X X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X xxx X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

xx 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

x x 

xx 

X 
TABLE 1 .-Continued. 

Year Month(s) Collector(s) 

1982 Jul 

J.1 

J.1 

'4% 

'4% 

A% 

A% 

'4% 

*ug 

-Aug 

Oct 

Oct 

Nov 

Nov 

Nov 

Nov-Dee 

-Dee 

-Dee 

cont. 

cont. 

con t . 

cont. 

Huber et al. 

Stergios and Ayrnard 

Salaroli and Rucci 

Castillo 

Ruiz Zapata et al. 

Hernandez 

Parra 

Guanchez and Mercado 

Croat 

Ales and Chiappino 

Pihate 

Lasi 

Yerena 

Guanchez 

Grubb 

Coppens 

Clark, H. 

Dezzeo 

Medina 

Uhl 

Guanchez 

Buschbacher 

Lowlands Uplands 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 

xx X 

X 

X 

xx 

X 

X 

X 

X 

xx X xx 

X 

X 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

rangement of the expeditions and collectors in 

Table 1 should facilitate research concerning the 

intensity of botanical exploration of a given area, 

or months (or seasons) less-covered botanically. 

Generally speaking, the months between November and February/March are the “dry season,” 

whereas the remaining months from April to 

October/November are the ”rainy season.” The 

dry season is more pronounced in the northern 

part of the Territorio and less in the southwestern portion, where annual mean precipitation 

reaches 4000 mm, no month having less than 

100 mm. (Further climatic information in CODESUR, 1979; Huber, 1982a,b.) 

Following are the definitions of the 18 areas 

delimited in Map 2 and referred to in Tables 1 

and 2. 

Lowlands (areas 1-10). 

1. Rio Orinoco from its confluence with the Rio Meta 

in the north to its confluence with the Rio Atabapo 

to the south; this area also includes the lowlands 

extending east of the river to the base of the Serrania 

Cuao-Sipapo, including, therefore, the lowland sections of the Rios Cuao, Autana, Sipapo, and Guayapo. 

A large part of these lowlands forms the “Reserva 

Forestal Sipapo” (Sipapo Forest Reserve). The northern section of this area includes the road from Sanariapo (or Samariapo, as it has been recently spelled) 

to Puerto Ayacucho and north to El Burro (Puerto 

Nuevo) in front of the mouth of the Rio Meta. To 

the southeast of Puerto Ayacucho the lower valley of 

the Rio Cataniapo, sometimes called Gavilan, also is 

included. Area 1, as defined here, further includes 

Isla Rat& and other islands in the Rio Orinoco. 

2. Basin of Rio Manapiare, including the lowland sections of the Rio Manapiare, the Rio Parucito, and 

part of the lower Rio Asita to the east. 

3. Basin of Rio Ventuari, from its headwaters at approximately 500 m above sea level to its confluence with 

Rio Orinoco; here included are all settlement areas 

along the Rio Ventuari, such as (downstream to upstream) Kanaripo (south bank), Carmelitas (or Yacuray, older name no longer in use) (south bank), Marueta (southeast bank), Mac0 (northwest bank), Tencua (north bank), and Cacuri (east bank). Cerro Moriche, located at the western shore of the middle 

Ventuari, reaches approximately 800 m elevation. 

Despite its height, it has been maintained here in this 

lowland area, since its vegetation does not show a 

marked differentiation of an upland type. 

4. Rio Orinoco, between the confluence with Rios Atabapo/Guaviare, and Esmeralda, mainly a riverine area 

extending approximately 3-5 km on each side of the 

river. Here also included are the following settlements 

and their surroundings: Minicio (Minisio), Patacame, 

Trapichote, Santa Barbara, Macuruco, Piedra Blanca, 

Guachapana (often misspelled, e.g., “Guapuchana” by 

Foldats), Caridad, San Antonio (including the savanna 

of San Antonio), Boca Yagua, Puruname, Guaname 

(or Guanami), Maricapana, Cariche (including the low 

Cerro Cariche), Trocapure, Maricapure, Tamatama, 

Punta Piaroa, and Esmeralda. 

5. Lowland plains extending between the Rio Ventuari 

(lower course, on the north), Rio Orinoco (on the 

west and south), Rio Cunucunuma and Cerro 

Huachamacari (on the east). These plains are drained 

by four rivers (from northwest to southeast): Rio (or 

Cano) Yagua, Rio Puruname (wrongly indicated on 

the CODESUR map (1975, 1:1,000,000) as Rio 

Guaname!), Rio (or Cano) Guaname, and Rio Cunucunuma. This area also contains the “Yapacana savannas I, 11, and 111,” located to the west of Cerro 

Yapacana between the Rio Orinoco with its affluent 

Cano Cotua (sometimes called Cano Yapacana) and 

the western edge of Cerro Yapacana. Approximately 

20 km to the east of Cerro Yapacana, a small lagoon, 

Laguna Yagua, with many floating islands, gives rise 

to one of the upper tributaries of the Rio Yagua. 

6. Lowland plains extending between the Rio Orinoco 

on the north and east, Cano San Miguel (or Conorochite) on the south, Rio Atabapo, Guasacavi, and 

Guainia on the western border of the T. F. Amazonas 

with Colombia. This area forms part of the Casiquiare 

peneplain proper, and is drained by a small river 

system flowing mainly from east to west or northwest 

into the Rio Atabapo or Rio Guainia. These main 

tributaries are (from north to south): Cano Caname, 

Rio Atacavi, Rio Temi, and Rio Guasacavi, all affluents of the Rio Atabapo; and Cano Pimichin and 

Cano San Miguel, tributaries of the Rio Guainia. 

7. Area of the lower Rio Guainia and uppermost (Venezuelan) Rio Negro, mainly a riverine region, including all major settlements along the Rio Guainia (San 

Miguel, Democracia, Comunidad, Santa Rita), and 

the Rio Negro (San Carlos, Laja Aka, Santa Rosa de 

Amanadona, Santa Lucia, El Carmen, San Sim6n de 

Cocui). This area also includes the region of the 

mouth of Brazo Casiquiare up to Solano (which is 

now connected to San Carlos on the Rio Negro by a 

road of about 20 km), as well as the famous Piedra 

Cocui (Cucuhy in Brazilian spelling), an isolated granitic hill near the Venezuelan-Brazilian-Colombian 

frontier. 

8. Brazo Casiquiare (also called Rio, Cano, Canal), connecting the Rio Orinoco near Tamatama with the 

Rio Guainia and giving rise to the Rio Negro. The 
NUMBER 56 21 

TABLE 2.-Botanical exploration of mountains and other upland regions in T. F. Amazonas 

(for explanations see "Chronological and Geographical Synopsis" and Map 2). 

Mountain (Area) Collectors (Year of trip) 

Cerro Aracamuni (1 8) 

Cerro Aracapo (1 1) 

Cerro A'roko = Paru (1 3) 

Cerro Asisa = Paru (1 3) 

Cerro Autana (1 1) 

Cerro Avispa (1 8) 

Cerro Calentura = Ualipano (1 2) 

Cerro Camani (1 2) 

Cerro Cayenama (1 6) 

Cerro Corocoro (1 2) 

Cerro Cuao = Sipapo (1 1) 

Cerro Duida (1 4) 

Cerro Fuif = Marahuaca (1 4) 

Cerro Guanay (1 2) 

Cerro Huachamacari (14) 

Cerro Mahedi (1 6) 

Cerro Marahuaca (1 4) 

Cerro Moriche (3) 

Cerro Morrocoy (1 2) 

Cerro de la Neblina (1 8) 

Cerro Paraque = Sipapo (1 1) 

Sierra Parima (1 6) 

Cerro Paru (1 3) 

Pic0 Phelps = Neblina (1 8) 

Cerro Sipapo (1 1) 

Sierra Tapirapeco (1 7) 

Cerro Ualipano (1 2) 

Sierra de Unturan (1 7) 

Cerro Vinilla (1 7) 

Cerro Yapacana (1 5) 

Cerro Yavi (1 2) 

Cerro Yutaje (1 2) 

Pic0 Zuloaga = Neblina (18) 

Huber & Medina (1981) 

Hermoso (1 978) 

Hoyos (1973) 

Steyermark (1 97 1) 

Cardona (1972); Dunsterville (1972) 

Maguire et al. (1951); Huber (1979) 

Cardona (1 97 1) 

Maguire & Maguire (1 953) 

Tate (1 928- 1929); Steyermark (1 944); Maguire dc Maguire (1 949); Barnes? (1 950); Maguire et al. (1950); 

Farinas et al. (1969); Ferrigni et al. (1975); Tillett et 

al. (1975); CASUB (1979); Steyermark et al. (1981); 

Steyermark et al. (1982); Guariglia et al. (1982); Guanchez (1 982) 

Maguire et al. (1 95 1) 

Maguire et al. (1950); Steyermark et al. (1982); Chariglia 

et al. (1 982) 

Huber (1980) 

Tillett et al. (1975); Maguire et al. (1981); Steyermark et 

al. (1981); Steyermark et al. (1982); Guariglia et al. 

(1 982) 

Maguire et al. (1951) 

Matos (1958) 

Maguire et al. (1953-1954); Maguire et al. (1957-1958); 

Ewe1 (1964); Maguire et al. (1965-1966); Steyermark 

et al. (1 970) 

Schomburgk (1839); Cardona (1940-1941)?; Vareschi 

(1967); Cardona (1971); Steyermark (1973); Colchester (1979-1980); Ales & Chiappino (1980-1982); 

Huber (1980); Huber (198 1, two trips); Guinchez 

(1982) 

Phelps et al. (1 949); Cowan & Wurdack (1 95 1); Hoyos 

(1973); Huber (1979, two trips) 

Phelps (1 946); Maguire et al. (1 948-1949); Maguire et 

al. (1981); Steyermark et al. (1981) 

Cardona (1 945- 1946) 

Cardona (1 962); Brewer-Carias (1 962) 

Guinchez (1981) 

Huber (1 98 1, two trips) 

Maguire et al. (1951); Steyermark & Bunting (1970); 

Phelps (1 947) 

Maguire & Maguire (1 953) 

Rogers (1979); Thomas (1979) 
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

area includes the river shores from Solano at the 

lowermost portion up to near the bifurcation of the 

Rio Orinoco. Important and often-mentioned places 

and settlements along Brazo Casiquiare are (from 

southwest to northeast): Piedra Culimacari, Piedra 

Vanari [Schomburgk] or Guanari, Buena Vista, Quirabuena, Curare, Laguna Pasiba (or Vasiva or Baciba), Deshecho, Capibara (or Capihuara). 

9. Area of uppermost Rio Orinoco, above Esmeralda to 

the headwaters of the river. This area also includes 

the lowlands to the east between the Rio Orinoco and 

the Sierra Parima, drained by the following rivers 

(from north to south): Rio Padamo, which is formed 

by the tributaries Rio Cuntinamo, Rio Uotamo (or 

Botamo), and Rio Matacuni; then, further south, Rio 

Ocamo with its main affluents Rio Putaco and Cano 

Jenita; Rio Manaviche, and, above Raudal Guahari10. 

bos, Rio Potomauco (also called Rio Orinoquito). 

From the south, the only major tributary of the upper 

Orinoco is the Rio Mavaca. Important settlements in 

this area are: Misi6n Padamo, Ocamo (also called 

Santa Maria de 10s Guaicas), Mavaca, Platanal (Indian 

name Mahekodo-teri), and Guabutaguey-teri. Most 

commonly mentioned rapids ("raudal" or 'salto") of 

the uppermost Orinoco are Raudal Guaharibos 

(which for a long time has been the chief obstacle 

hindering further upstream explorations), Raudal 

Penascal, and Raudal Arata on the middle Rio 

Ocamo. 

Lowland plains in the southwesternmost region of the 

Territorio. This area is limited on the north by the 

lower Brazo Casiquiare (area 8), on the east by the 

Rio Siapa and the mountain range of Cerros Neblina, 

Avispa and Aracamuni, on the southwest by the Venezuelan-Brazilian border, and on the west by area 7 

(Rio Negro). These extensive lowlands are drained 

mainly by two rivers, the Rio Siapa and Pacimoni (or 

Pasimoni) formed by the confluence of the Rios Baria 

and Yatua. The only important settlements or oftenmentioned older places in this very sparsely populated 

region are Pueblo Viejo on the lower Pacimoni (no 

longer existing), San Custodio, and Santa Izabel (former rubber stations visited by Spruce, but also no 

longer existing). Along the Rio Yatua two granitic 

hills have been visited repeatedly by botanists: Laja 

Catipin on the north bank shortly above the confluence with the Rio Baria, and Piedra Arauicaua on the 

left bank of the middle Rio Yatlia, approximately to 

the west of Cerro Avispa. 

Uplands (areas 11-18). 

1 1. The massif formed by Cerro Cuao, Cerro Sipapo (or 

Paraque), Cerro Autana, and Sierra Guayapo including Cerros Aracapo and Ouana (or Ovana). 

12. The mountain range formed by Cerros Guanay, Corocoro, Yutajie, Yavi, and Ualipano (or Cerro Calen13. 

14. 

15, 

16. 

17. 

18. 

tura), all located along the border between T. F. 

Amazonas and Estado Bolivar. Also included here are 

mountains of lesser altitude to the west of San Juan 

de Manapiare, such as Cerro Morrocoy and Cerro 

Camani. 

Cerros Paru (A'roko) and Asisa. 

The massif of Cerro Duida, Cerro Marahuaca (or 

Maraguaca; or Fuif), and Cerro Huachamacari (for 

detailed Yekuana or Makiritare toponymy see Civrieux, 1957). 

Cerro Yapacana. 

Sierra Parima, including the headwater region of the 

Rio Matacuni (Cerro Cayenama, Sabana de Simarawochi or Simadavochi), the Rio Ocamo, and the Rio 

Putaco with landing strips of Parima "A" and Parima 

"B." 

The mountainous region bordering the valley of Rio 

Matapire (upper course of Rio Siapa): to the north 

Sierra de Unturan; to the south Sierra Tapirapeco, 

and Sierra Curupira. Here also is included a low 

mountain range called Cerro Vinilla, with a small 

sandstone summit area of about 800 m elevation, on 

the northern spurs of Sierra de Unturan. 

The massif formed by Cerro Aracamuni, Cerro 

Avispa, Cerro Neblina (from north to south) and 

Sierra Imeri to the east of Cerro Neblina. On Cerro 

Neblina, three main peaks have been designated: Pic0 

Phelps (Pic0 da Neblina in Brazilian toponymy), 3045 

m; Pic0 Zuloaga, 2800 m; and Pic0 Cardona. 

2650 m. 

Annotated List of Collectors 

The following annotated list of plant collectors 

is arranged alphabetically and includes all persons cited on the labels of plants collected in the 

Territorio Federal Amazonas during the period 

from 1800 to 31 December 1982. A distinction 

has been made between main and secondary 

(co-) collectors: those names cited in the first 

place on the label and whose numbering systems 

were employed on that particular collection 

(main collectors) are printed in large and small 

capitals; the names of others cited on the label 

(secondary or co-collectors, who accompanied 

the main collector on that particular trip) are 

printed in capitals and lower case. 

The data cited in the list have been gathered 

in two different ways: forms were sent to most 

of the living collectors to obtain complete information on their collecting activities and results 

in T. F. Amazonas; otherwise, especially for de- 
NUMBER 56 23 

ceased collectors, a serious attempt has been 

made to reconstruct their collecting itineraries 

and activities from the labels of their collections 

deposited at VEN, MER, MERF, MY, MYF, US, 

and NY, or from pertinent literature. In some 

cases the forms were not returned in time and in 

other cases the reconstruction of data from the 

labels has been more or less unsuccessful, and so 

the data on collecting activities or itineraries in 

T. F. Amazonas are missing or incomplete for 

several collectors. 

Generally, the data provided in the list for 

each main collector are the following: 

Last name, given names 

Year of birth and death; citizenship at actual time of visit 

to T. F. Amazonas; profession (institution for which 

expedition was made). 

Period of collecting activity in T. F. Amazonas: itinerary 

(names of any co-collectors). 

Numbers of plants collected during specified period; 

main herbaria where the Amazonas collections from 

this period are deposited. 

Notes. 

Publications related to collector’s Amazonas activities or 

specimens. 

“Numbers of plants collected” are indicated in 

two ways: if preceded by “Nrs.” the digits refer 

to the numbering sequence used by the collector; 

if followed by “nrs.” the digits refer to the total 

number of plants collected, in cases where the 

collector’s numbering system is unknown or unusable for this study. 

In the case of co-collectors, the number of 

specimens and their herbaria disposition are 

omitted. The name of the main collector is given 

(in capitals), to which the reader is referred for 

further information. 

Finally, some general information is included 

in this list on frequently cited institutions, such 

as CODESUR, MARNR, IVIC, UCV, etc., in 

order to explain the meaning of their acronyms 

and their main activities related to botanical research in T. F. Amazonas. 

Adderley, Lincoln 

1932- ; U.S.; Horticulturist (New York Botan29 May4 Aug 1959: Middle and upper Rio 

ical Garden). 

Orinoco, Rio Atabapo, Rb Casiquiare, 

Rio Guainia, Rio Pacimoni, and Rio Siapa 

(with J . J. WURDACK) . AGOSTINI, GETULIO 

1943- ; Venez.; Botanist (Instituto Botanico, 

29-31 Mar 1973: San Juan de Manapiare and 

Caracas). 

surroundings. 

Nrs. 1500-1579; VEN, NY, P, MYF. 

Notes: Specialist in Venezuelan Boraginaceae 

and Myrsinaceae. Notebooks of this trip 

have been lost. 

Akkermans, Louis M.A. 

194?- ; Dutch; Botany exchange student 

(Univ. of Utrecht, UCV, Fac. de Agronomia, Maracay). 

6-19 Ju1 1969: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings, San Fernando de Atabapo and 

surroundings, Rio Atabapo, Yavita, Maroa, Cano Casiquiare (with G.S. BUNTING 

and J. van Rooden). 

1952- ; French; Ethnologist. 

Apr 1980-Aug 1982: Sierra Parima, headwaters of Rio Putaco and Rio Orinoquito, 

Parima “A” and Parima “B” (with J. Chiappino, joint collections). 

Approximately 200 nrs., irregularly numbered; MYF, VEN. 

Notes: Anthropological research on Yanomami- Indians; also collected living material (“magic” plants, cultivated Yanomami 

plants) grown later at S. Tillett’s home. 

AL~, CATHERINE 

Anduze, Pablo J. 

1902- ; Venez.; Entomologist. 

Oct-Nov 195 1 : Upper Rio Orinoco, from confluence with Rio Ugueto up to the sources 

of Rio Orinoco. 

Notes: Member of the French-Venezuelan expedition to the sources of the Rio Orinoco, 195 1. Anduze continued the botanical collecting activities after the departure of L. CROIZAT at the confluence of 

Rios Orinoco and Ugueto (24 Oct 195 1). 

Nevertheless, the labels of all botanical 

specimens bear only Croizat’s name. 

6 Dec 1965-6 Jan 1966: Rio Cataniapo, Sa- 
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

mariapo, San Fernando de Atabapo, 

Santa Barbara, Tamatama, Rio Matacuni, 

Rio Padamo, Rio Cuntinamo, Rio Casiquiare down to Cano Caripe (with G.C.K. 

DUNSTERVILLE). 

Publication: Anduze, s.d. [ 1958?]. 

1928- ; Col.; Botanist? (Fac. Nac. de Agronomia de Medellin). 

24 Nov 1948: San Fernando de Atabapo and 

vicinity (with F.A. Barkley). 

Small set (approximately 150 nrs.?) collected 

in Venezuela; MEDEL, US, COL. 

Notes: Used a compound numbering system, 

e.g., 18.V.42.” “V” possibly represents 

“Venezuela,” definitely not the month. 

Sometimes cited as Molina & Barkley. 

1952- ; Venez.; Forester (ULA, Fac. de Cien17-26 Feb 1977: Vicinity of Puerto Ayacucho. 

Notes: Exclusively trees. 

ARGUMOSA, JOSE ANGEL DE 

19??- ; Venez.; Physician (“Medico Indigenista,” Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia 

Social). 

21 Apr-12 May 1967: Macapo [Rio Cunucunuma], Cano Casiquiare, Rio Orinoco, 

Ocamo, Mavaca, Platanal, La Esmeralda, 

Tamatama, Cano Cariche, Santa Barbara 

(savanna and rapids). 

ARAQUE MOLINA, JORGE 

ARENDS, ERNESTO 

cias Forestales, Merida). 

Nrs. 06-18; MER, VEN, MYF. 

Nrs. 1-122; VEN. 

Notes: Also made some later collections (Aug 

1967). Notebooks at VEN. 

ARISTEGUIETA, LEANDRO 

1923- ; Venez.; Botanist (Instituto Botanico, 

Caracas). 

Jan 1970: Upper Orinoco, Mavaca (with J. 

Lizot). 

Nrs. 7329-7465 [not confirmed]; VEN. 

Notes: Specialist on Venezuelan Compositae 

and Annonaceae. 

Asociacibn Venezolana Para el Avance de la 

Ciencia (AsoVAC) [Venezuelan Association for the Advancement of Science] 

Jan-Feb 1969: Sponsored the first helicopter 

expedition (scientific multidisciplinary) to 

T. F. Amazonas (Cerro Duida, Esmeralda, 

upper Orinoco, Canal Casquiare). See 

FARINAS, MARIO. 

Publication: Medina, 1969. 

1959- ; Venez.; Forestry technician (UNELLEZ, Guanare, Portuguesa). 

20-30 Ju1 1982: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

Solano, Rio Negro, lower Casiquiare, upper Pacimoni up to lower Rio YatGa (Parque Nacional “Serrania de la Neblina”) 

(with B. STERGIOS). 

Aymard, Gerard0 

BALDWIN, JOHN THOMAS, JR. 

19 10- 1974; US.; Botanist (College of William 

2 Mar 1944: Rio Negro, at base of Cerro 

Small set (50 nrs.?); US, IAN (fide Zndex 

Notes: Member of the “US Rubber Exploring 

and Mary, Virginia). 

cucuy. 

Herbariorum), NY. 

Agency in Brazil” during World War 11. 

Balick, Michael Jeffrey 

1952- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical 

Garden). 

15-17 Ju1 1982: Santa Barbara del Orinoco, 

Trapichote (with 0. HUBER and F. Guanchez). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical palms. 

1908- ; U.S.; Botanist (Fac. Nacional de 

Agronomia de Medellin). 

24 Nov 1948: San Fernando de Atabapo and 

vicinity (with J. ARAQUE MOLINA). 

Notes: Expert on New World Anacardiaceae. 

Collected widely in Colombia and Argentina (approximately 20,000 nrs. in Colombian collection), also in Guatemala, Iraq, 

Africa. 

Barkley, Fred A. 

 BARE^, VENTURA 

19??- ; U.S.; Ornithologist (Puerto Rico?). 

Apr-Jun 1950: Base of Cerros Marahuaka, 

Kushamakari (= Huachamacari; base), 

and upper Rio Cunucunuma. 

Approximately 91 nrs. at VEN, NY, [and 

Puerto Rico?]. 
NUMBER 56 25 

Notes: Expedition sponsored by the United 

Nations; other participants Marc de Civrieux, Re&eLichy, and Ildefonso Villegas. 

Publication: Lichy, 1978. 

1928- ; Venez.; Forestry technician (ULA, 

Fac. de Ciencias Forestales, Merida). 

17 Jan- 15 Feb 1968: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

and vicinity, Rio Negro, Piedra Cocuy 

(with L. RUIZ-TERAN). 

Bautista, Jaime 

BERRY, PAUL E. 

1952- ; U.S.; Botanist (CODESUR, Caracas). 

21-29 May 1975: Santa Barbara del Orinoco, 

Macuruco, Maraya, Cano Moyo, Cano 

Guachapana. 

Nrs. 501-722, 733-795. 

28-30 Jun 1975: Puerto Ayacucho to Samariapo (with A. GENTRY). 

17-24 Sep 1975: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 

road to Solano (IVIC study sites) (partly 

with C. Uhl and E. Brunig). 

Nrs. 1350-1566. 

11-13 Oct 1975: Rio Manapiare, Terecay to 

San Juan de Manapiare. 

Nrs. 1567-161 1. 

Nrs. 1652-1660. 

6-8 Nov 1975: Valle de Manapiare. 

25 Feb-2 Mar 1976: Trapichote [west of Santa 

Barbara] (with L. Chesney). 

Nrs. 2045-2100, 21 10-2129. 

Nrs. 2101-2109. 

29 Feb 1976: San Fernando de Atabapo. 

24-29 May 1976: Mouth of Rio Ventuari, 

Piedra Blanca, Macuruco, Trapichote. 

Nrs. 2133-2198. 

18-20 Jun 1976: West of Cano Seje 

Rio Manapiare]. 

Nrs. 2206-2262. 

23 Jun 1976: Yutaje. 

Nrs. 2263-2271. 

25 Jun 1976: Chirinos [Rio Parucito 

Rio Manapiare]. 

Nrs. 2272-2275. 

valley of 

valley of 

26 Jun 1976: Pozo Carlina [west of San Juan 

de Manapiare, near Cerro Morrocoy]. 

11 Jun 1977: Road to Gavilan [valley of Rio 

Nr. 2276. 

Cataniapo, southeast of Puerto Ayacucho] 

(with J.A. STEYERMARK, 0.Huber, and 

P. Redmond). 

12 May 1978: Riverine forests around Santa 

Barbara del Orinoco (with J.A. STEYERMARK, 0. Huber, and P. Redmond). 

Notes: All collections are deposited at MYF, 

VEN, MO. 

Publication: Berry, 1976. 

1908- ; U.S.; Ornithologist. 

Nov 1930-May 193 1 : Rio Negro, Brazo Casiquiare, Rio Orinoco, Cerro Yapacana, 

Puerto Ayacucho (National Geographic 

Society Venezuela-Brazil expeditions, 

Manaus to Ciudad Bolivar, Sep 1930-Jun 

193 1) (with E.G. HOLY-). 

Blake, Emmet Reid 

BLANCO, CARLOS A. 

ico, Caracas). 

1940- ; Venez.; Forester (Instituto BotanMay 197 1 : Reserva Forestal del Sipapo. 

Nrs. 

1085- 1 136: Campamento Laja de Garza. 

11 37-1 170: Left bank of Rio Sipapo, Block 

1171-1201: Right bank of Rio Sipapo. 

1226-1 240: Margins of Rio Sipapo. 

1241-1265: Margins of Cano Guaca, afflu1266-1 270: Rio Cuao, Raudal del Danto. 

1271-1290: Rio Cuao between mouth of 

I29 1 - 1292: Margins of river [Cuao?]. 

Notes: All collections are deposited at VEN. 

1773-1 858; French; Botanist. 

13 Apr-2 Jun 1800: Rio Orinoco, Rio 

Atabapo, Yavita, Cat50 Pimichin, Rio 

Guainia, San Carlos de Rio Negro, Cano 

Casiquiare, Esmeralda., Rio Orinoco (with 

A.v. HUMBOLDT; see Map 4) 

I. 

1202-1 225: Block 11. 

ent of Rio Sipapo. 

Rio Sipapo and Raudal Danto. 

BONPLAND, AIME JACQUES ALEXANDRE

BOSSIO, HIGGINIO 

1924- ; Venez.; Expedition guide for New 

1970-1971: Isla Raton. 

York Botanical Garden. 

Approximately 50 nrs.; VEN, NY? 
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

BRAUN, AUGUST 

1921- ; Venez.; Horticulturist (Jardin BotanJan 1964: Puerto Ayacucho, Rio Orinoco to 

ico, Caracas). 

San Fernando de Atabapo and Platanal. 

Few nrs.; VEN. 

16 Jun 198 1 : Puerto Ayacucho and surroundNotes: Specialist on Venezuelan palms. 

1932- ; Dutch; Forestry botanist (Instituto 

Forestal Latino American0 (IFLA), Merida). 

16-30 Nov 1965: Isla Raton, Lower Rio SiPaPo. 

Nrs. 4688-4891; WAG, VEN, US, U, NY. 

1938- ; Venez.; Explorer, dentist. 

ings (with 0. HUBER). 

BRETELER, F.J. 

BREWER-CARIAS, CHARLES 

Aug 1962: Cerro Ualipano (C. Calentura, upper Parucito Valley). 

Approximately 30 nrs.; VEN. 

10-20 Oct 1970: Sierra de la Neblina (with 

20-22 Sep 1971: Cerro Autana (with J.A. 

Sep 1980: Laguna Autana [Laguna “LeoJ. A. STEYERMARK). 

STEY ERMARK). 

PO 1 do ”]. 

Few bromeliads; VEN. 

15 Jan 198 1 : Cerro Marahuaca, Cerro Sipapo 

(with B. MAGUIRE, C. Maguire, and J.A. 

Steyermark). 

15- 17 Feb 198 1 : Ocamo to Esmeralda, Cerro 

Marahuaca, Cerro Duida, Cerro Sipapo, 

Puerto Ayacucho (with J.A. STEYERMARK 

and R. Liesner). 

28 Jan-10 Feb 1982: Rio Cunucunuma to 

Culebra, northern slopes of Cerro Duida, 

Cerro Marahuaca, Cerro Huachamacari 

(with J.A. STEYERMARK, J. Luteyn, N. 

Holmgren, S. Mori, and M. Guariglia). 

Notes: For botanical results of Brewer-Carias’ 

Amazonas expeditions, see STEYERMARK. 

Publications: Brewer-Carias, 1976 (expedition 

to Cerro Autana), 1978 (Cerro de la Neblina). 

Broome, C. Rose 

1939- ; U.S.; Botanist (U.S. Department of 

Agriculture). 

21 Mar-20 Apr 1981: San Carlos de Rio Negro and vicinity (with G.M. CHRISTENSON 

and F. Delascio). 

BROWN, KEITH S., JR. 

1938- ; U.S.; Entomologist, biogeographer 

(Univ. de Campinas, Brazil). 

22 Dec 1980-21 Jan 1981: Upper Rio Ventuari (Tecua, Cano Negro, Maco), San 

Juan de Manapiare, Puerto Ayacucho. 

5-6 Jan 198 1 : Puerto Ayacucho and surroundNotes: Voucher specimens for entomological 

11 nrs.; MYF. 

ings (with S. TILLETT). 

and ecological observations. 

BRUCHER, HEINZ 

19??- ; Germ.; Botanist (UCV, Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas). 

May 1966: Esmeralda. 

1 specimen (Pitcairnia patent@wa) in VEN. 

1926- ; Germ. and Brit.; Forester (World Forestry Institute, Hamburg, West Germany). 

Aug-Nov 1975: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

vicinity (IVIC study sites; mainly Amazon 

Caatinga, High Forest and Bana). 

BRUNIG, EBERHARD F. 

Nrs. VEN 1-VEN 371; VEN. 

Notes: Responsible for forest inventory of the 

study sites around San Carlos de Rio Negro as part of the MAB-UNESCO-IVIC 

research project. A portion of the collections has been lost. 

Budowski, Gerard0 

1925- ; Venez.; Agronomist, silviculturist. 

23 Jan-17 Feb 1951: Cerro Guanay, Cerro 

Camani (with B. MAGUIRE, W.H. Phelps, 

Jr., K.D. de Phelps, and C.B. Hitchcock). 

BUNGEROTH, E. 

18??-1937; Germ.; (?). 

1886-1 893(?): Collected orchids in T. F. AmaNotes: Cited by Couret, 1982a,b. 

1927-; U.S.; Botanist (1953-1954: New York 

zonas (San Fernando de Atabapo). 

BUNTING, GEORGE S. 
NUMBER 56 27 

Botanical Garden; 1969-1970: UCV, 

Fac. de Agronomia, Maracay). 

7 Nov 1953-18 Feb 1954: Rio Orinoco, Rio 

Atabapo, Rio Casiquiare, Rio Guainia, 

Rio Pacimoni, Rio Yatlia, Cerro Neblina 

(with B. MAGUIRE and J.J. Wurdack). 

6-19 Ju1 1969 (with L.M.A. Akkermans and 

J. van Rooden): 

Nrs. 

3450-3569,4124-4125: Puerto Ayacucho3571-3592: Rio Orinoco, San Pedro. 

[ 3 593-362 3 : Colombia]. 

3624-3630: Rio Orinoco, between San 

Pedro and San Fernando de Atabapo. 

3631-3649, 3674-3682: Rio Orinoco, Siquita. 

3650-3663: Rio Atacavi. 

3664-3673,4123: Rio Temi. 

Samariapo. 

3683-3895,3981-3984,4018,4109-4118: 

Vicinity of Yavita. 

3 8 9 6- 3 909 : Y avita-Pimichin road. 

40 19-4059: Rio Temi, near Yavita. 

3910-3980, 4120-4122: Yavita-Maroa 

3985-4015,4097-4108: Rio Guainia, vicin3986, 3990, 4016, 4017: Pimichin. 

4060-4096: Cano Pimichin. 

4126-4147: Vicinity of San Carlos de Rio 

Negro. 

MY, U, VEN. 

28-30 Dec 1969: 

Nrs. 

4226-4236, 4256-4280: Puerto Ayacucho 

4237-4255: Rio Orinoco, between SamarMY, VEN. 

road. 

ity of Maroa. 

to Samariapo. 

iapo and a place 3 hours upstream. 

8 Apr-8 May 1970: Rio Pacimoni, Rio Yatua, 

Rio Casiquiare, San Carlos de Rio Negro, 

Maroa, Pimichin, Rio Atabapo, Cano and 

Cerro Yapacana (with J.A. STEYERMARK). 

11 May 1970: Puerto Ayacucho. 

Nrs. 4287-4292. 

MY, VEN. 

Notes: Specialist on Venezuelan Araceae. 

1954- ; U.S.; Plant ecologist (Univ. of Georgia, Athens, Georgia). 

1 Ju1 1980-present: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

and vicinity (IVIC study sites). 

Nrs. 6, 10, 19, 22, 28, 39, 46-61, 71-73; 

VEN, MO. 

Notes: Research on pasture management in 

tropical forest; botanical collections are 

related to this research. 

BUSCHBACHER, OBERT 

Camico, J. 

19??-; Venez.; Field assistant (CODESURMARNR, Zone 10, Puerto Ayacucho). 

Apr 1978: Rio Orinoco, San Fernando de 

Atabapo, Santa Barbara (with G. MORILLO and N. Suarez). 

CAMPOS, REGULO 

19??- ; Venez.; Resident of Esmeralda? 

Nov-Dec 1966: Esmeralda 

Approximately 20 nrs.; VEN, NY? 

Canales, Hector 

1952- ; Chile-Venez.; Forester (CODESURMARNR, Zone 10, Puerto Ayacucho). 

25 Jan-1 Feb 1977: San Juan de Manapiare 

and surroundings (with 0. HUBER). 

Publications: Chesney, 1979; Canales and Catalan, 1981.

CARABOT C., ALFREDO 

1939- ; Venez.; Pharmacist (ULA, Fac. de 

Jun 1980: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings, 

Farmacia, Merida). 

Gavilan (with A. Morales). 

Approximately 50 nrs.; MERF. 

Notes: Plant collections made for pharmacochemical screening at Fac. de Farmacia, 

ULA, Merida. 

Publication: Carabot and Usubillaga, 198 1. 

19??- ; Venez.; Botanist (UCV, Fac. de Agronomia, Maracay). 

9 Jan 1978: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings (with 0. Huber and M. Pyykko). 

CARDENAS DE GUEVARA, LOURDES 

Nrs. 2684-2685A-D; MY. 

5-10 Jan 1978: Puerto Ayacucho and sur- 
28 

roundings (with 0. HUBER and M. 

Pyykko). 

Notes: Specialist on Venezuelan Mimosoideae. 

CARDONA PUIG, FELIX 

1903-1 982; Venez.; Explorer, geographer. 

Notes: Due to the significance of this famous 

explorer of the Venezuelan Guayana region, the following account, taken from 

Cardona’s personal notes, indicates with 

more detail than usual his itineraries in 

Venezuelan Amazonas. 

Oct 1929-Jan 1930: Accompanied the Venezuelan Frontier Commission to Rios Orinoco, Casiquiare, and Negro down to 

Piedra Cocuy [must be the same expedition joined by Holt and Gehriger of the 

National Geographic Society; Cardona 

did not collect plants on this expedition]. 

Nov-Dec 1930: Entered the headwaters of Rio 

Ventuari (Antauare) proceeding from the 

upper Rio Erebato passing over Cerro 

UemachG (dividing range between the 

Rio Erebato and the Rio Ventuari basins). 

At the beginning of Dec 1930 reached 

Raudal de Uraca (del Mono) on the upper 

Rio Ventuari; about the middle of Dec 

1930 reached Yakurai (Las Carmelitas) on 

the lower Ventuari; continued to the Rios 

Orinoco, Casiquiare and Negro, where he 

joined again the Venezuelan Frontier 

Commission [including Holt and Blake of 

the National Geographic Society], with 

which he returned to Maypures in Jan 

1931 [no plants were collected by Cardona on this expedition]. 

Apr 1938-Jul 1942: Felix Cardona filled the 

appointment as “Jefe de exploraciones en 

la Oficina de Fronteras,” Ministerio de 

Relaciones Exteriores. During this period 

he made the following two expeditions in 

T. F. Amazonas: 

Nov 1939-Apr 1940: Upper Ventuari, Sabana 

del Oso, 300 m. 

Nrs. 356-364 (12 Mar 1940); upper Ventuari to Caura, 760 m. 

Nr. 365 (5 Mar 1940). 

Nov 1940-May 1941 : Orinoco, Ventuari, conSMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

tact zone between Sierra Parima and 

Sierra Pacaraima, along Sierra Parima to 

the south (Cerros Caransaca, Arajame, 

Cadimani), headwaters of Rio Ocamo. 

Nrs. 151-154, 156-162 (Sabanas Budare, 

upper Ventuari, 300 m, 15 Nov 1940). 

Nrs. 150, 155, 163-167 (upper Ventuari, 

Rio Jenete, 500-600 m, Dec 1940). 

[Note irregular numbering of collections on 

these two expeditions.] 

Jul-Dec 1942: Expedition to Orinoco, Ventuari, Salto Ekenkua [T&ncua], Rio Kanai 

(right tributary of Rio Ventuari), Cerro 

Manacha [ Manaca] (height-of-land between headwaters of Rio Ventuari and 

Rio Erebato). 

[No plants collected on this expedition by 

Cardona.] 

Sep 1944-Nov 1945: Employed by an American company for rubber exploitation in 

the Orinoco-Casiquiare region. 

Dec 1945-Jun 1946: Joined the VenezuelanBrazilian Boundary Commission in their 

expedition to Rio Amazonas, Rio Negro, 

headwaters of Rio Padauiri (Brazil), and 

Rio Siapa (or Matapiri, Venezuela). 

Nrs. 

[ 125 1-1 3 14: Rio Padauiri, Brazil, Jan-Feb 

19461. 

1315-1369: Headwaters of Rio Siapa, 550 

m, 11 Mar 1946. 

[ 1370- 1446: Rio Castanho, Brazil, 16-24 

Feb 1946.1 

1447- 152 1 : Brazilian-Venezuelan frontier, 

Post 4, 1260 m; Rio Vasiva, 55 m; Post 2; 

Post 3; Feb 1946. 

[Note irregular numbering with respect to 

temporal sequence.] 

Jun 1946: Appointed as “Explorador botanico 

del Departamento de Investigaciones Forestales.” 

Since 1949 with Cartografia Nacional, Division de Geodesia del Ministerio de Obras 

Pbblicas (MOP). 

Jul-Nov 1951: Member of the French-Venezuelan expedition to the sources of the 

Rio Orinoco. 
NUMBER 56 

Feb 1962: Cerro Ualipano [or Cerro Calentura, upper Parucito valley] 

Nrs. 29 19-2943. 

Mar 197 1 : Cordillera Parima, summit of Cerro 

Cayenama, frontier with Brazil (3”58’N, 

64”40’W, 1750 m). 

Few nrs., among them nr. 3077 (= Escobedia 

pnri,nrusis Pennell, new species). 

Dec 1972: Summit of Cerro Avispa, Rio Siapa 

(approximately 1”30’N, 65”51’W, 1510 

m) (with G.C.K. and E. Dunsterville). 

Cardona’s collections have been distributed to 

US (more than 1200 nrs. up to 1965); 

other sets in VEN, NY. 

Notes: Referring to Cardona, Prance (197 1) 

cites: “Amazonas, Upper Rio Negro, Rio 

Padauiri, 1943” [instead of 19461. 

Few nrs. [s.n.]. 

CASTILLO, ANIBAL 

1950- ; Venez.; Botanist (UCV, Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas). 

9-14 Mar 1978: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(Gavilan, Paria Grande, Tobogan de la 

Selva, Parhuena). 

Nrs. 735-833; VEN. 

23 Jul-5 Aug 1981: Puerto Ayacucho to Samariapo and vicinity; Rio Cataniapo. 

2-6 Aug 1982: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity. 

Nrs. 1200- 146 1 ; VEN. 

Nrs. 1510-1552; VEN. 

Catalin, Americo 

1947- ; Chil.; Forester (MARNR, Zone 10, 

Puerto Ayacucho). 

Nov 1977: Reserva Forestal Sipapo (with G. 

MORILLO). 

Jul 1978: Gavilan, valley of Rio Cataniapo 

(with 0. HUBER). 

Publication: Catalin, 1980. 

Centro de Actividades Subacuaticas de la Universidad de Oriente, Cumana (CASUB). 

26 Jan-13 Feb 1979: Esmeralda and surroundings; southern slopes of Cerro Duida up 

to approximately 1500 m. 

Approximately 300 nrs., deposited at UDO, 

Cumani. 

[Information furnished by Freddy R. Navarro 

p.1 

29 

Cerda, Julio 

1945- ; Chil.; Zoologist (CODESURMARNR, Caracas). 

Jan 1977-Jun 1982: Different localities in lowland savannas of T. F. Amazonas, Cerro 

Paru (with 0. HUBER). 

CHAFFANJON, JEAN 

1854-1 9 13; French; Explorer, botanist. 

Apr-Dec 1886: Upper Orinoco up to Raudal 

Guaharibos. 

9 Apr: Arrived at Ciudacl Bolivar. 

17 Sep: Between mouth of Rio Meta and 

19 Sep: Arrived at Atures. 

1 Oct: Leave for Maypures. 

12 Oct: Entering San Fernando de Atabapo. 

2 Nov: Leave San Fernando de Atabapo. 

4 Nov: Piedra Minisio. 

5 Nov: Patacame. 

6 Nov: Estuary of Ventuari. 

7 Nov: Leave Santa Barbara. 

9 Nov: Isla Perro de Agua. 

I5 Nov: Front of Cerro Yapacana. 

17 Nov: Rio Puruname. 

18 Nov: Isla Guanami. 

20 Nov: Cano Ticanamori. 

21 Nov: Cariche. 

24 Nov: Junction Orinoco-Cunucunuma; up 

the Cunucunuma to Aramari’s village 

above Raudal Chipirina. 

29 Nov: Back to the Orinoco. 

30 Nov: Bifurcation Orinoco-Casiquiare. 

1 Dec: Esmeralda. 

2 Dec: Cano Iguapo. 

5 Dec: Isla Chiguire, Boca del Rio Padamo. 

7 Dec: Piedra Mapaya. 

8 Dec: Boca Rio Mavaca. 

9 Dec: Cano Manaviche. 

13 Dec: Raudal Guaharibos. 

18 Dec: “Sources” of the Rio Orinoco. 

Atures. 

Notes: Chaffanjon’s main set of plants is deposited at P (apparently 565 nrs. from 

Venezuela), where the specimens have 

been studied by Maury, published in JourHU/ Bota,iiquP dzi Pnris, 1889 [fide Arnal, 

19431. 

Publication: Chaffanjon, 1889. 
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Chesney L., Luis 

1944- ; Chil.-Venez.; Forester (CODESUR, 

Caracas). 

26 Feb-2 Mar 1976: Trapichote west of Santa 

Barbara del Orinoco (with P. BERRY). 

Publications: Eden and Chesney, 1977; Chesney, 1979. 

Chiappino, Jean 

1939- ; French; Physician, anthropologist. 

Apr 1980-Aug 1982: Sierra Parima, headwaters of Rio Putaco and Rio Orinoquito 

(with C. ALES). 

CHRISTENSON, GUDRUN M. 

1923- ; US.; Botanist (US. Dept. Agric.). 

21 Mar-20 Apr 1981: San Carlos de Rio Negro and vicinity. 

Nrs. GMC-1375-1420 (24 Mar-8 Apr 

198 1). 

Nrs. GMC-1426-1445 (10-15 Apr 1981) 

(with C.R. Broonie and F. Delascio). 

Nrs. GMC-1421-1425 (10 Apr 1981) (with 

K. Ennis Clark, Cano Marimajari, south 

of San Carlos); VEN, &A. 

Iiotes: Bulk samples of plants for Anti-Cancer 

Screening Program of the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center, National Cancer Institute. Collected also duplicate bulk samples for parallel Venezuelan research. 

CLARK, HOWARD LAMAR 

1941- ; U.S.; Botanist (Univ. of Georgia, Athens, U.S.A.; IVIC, San Carlos de Rio Ne11 Nov 1977-Dec 1982: Resident botanist in 

San Carlos de Rio Negro from 1977 to 

1981. Majority of collections were betMeen San Carlos de Rio Negro and Solano, also flooded forest collections (“rebalse” forest) within 40 krn of San Carlos 

on Rios Negro, Guainia, and Casiquiare. 

One short trip to Maroa, near town. One 

day (helicopter trip) to Rio Yatlia near 

mouth into Rio Pacimoni (approximately 

1 “30’N, 66”25’M’, Apr 1980). Botanical 

collections continued to be made by 

trained workers until end of Dec 1982. 

gro). 

Nrs. 6402-83 12 (until Sep 1982) (included 

some other collections outside of T. F. 

Amazonas); VEN, MO, NY, pers. herb. at 

Athens, Ga. 

Publication: Clark and Liesner, in prep. 

1947- ; U.S.; Ichthyologist (Univ. of Georgia, 

Nov 1977-Dec 1982: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

Approximately 30 nrs. as main collector. 

Approximately 30 nrs. as co-collector with 

CLARK, KATHLEEN [nee Ennis] 

Athens, U.S.A.). 

and surroundings. 

H. CLARK; VEN, NY. 

Publication: K. Clark, in press. 

1953- ; Brit.; Ethnobiologist, social ecologist. 

Sep 1975-Aug 1976: Rio Ventuari upstream 

from Las Carmelitas [Yacurai], middle 

and upper Ventuari basin, Rio Manapiare 

basin (with J.R.A. Lister, joint collections). 

Approximately 1350 nrs. (nrs. 1-750 approximately, under Lister 8c Colchester; 

nrs. 200 1-2700 approximately, under 

Colchester 8c Lister); MYF, K, VEN, St. 

Bartholomew’s Medical College, London. 

Notes: “Proyecto Ventuari,” supported by CODESUR and UCV, Caracas. Ethnobotanical research on Guahibo, Hohontu, Hoti, 

Makiritari, Piaroa, Sanema, and Yavarani 

Indians. 

Publications: Colchester and Lister, ms; ColChester, ins. 

Apr 1979-Nov 1980: Headwaters of Rio Ventuari and of Rio Erebato. 

Nrs. 3000-3500 approximately, with gaps 

of approximately 200 nrs.; MYF, K, 

VEN. 

Notes: Ethnobiological research on Sanema 

Indians. 

Publications: Colchester, 1982, in press. 

1943- ; Venez.; Geologist (CODESUR, Cara2-9 Feb 1975: Cerro Marahuaca (with S. TilCOLCHESTER, MARCUS E. M. 

Colvee, Pablo 

cas). 

lett). 
NUMBER 56 31 

Comision para el Desarrollo del Sur de Venezuela (CODESUR) 

1969-1979. 

Government development agency established 

3 Jul 1969 and attached to the Ministerio 

de Obras Publicas (MOP). Originally implemented to develop the natural resources of T. F. Amazonas and adjoining 

Distrito Cedeno of Estado Bolivar, and 

subsequently to initiate major settlement 

policies in the region. After 1975, emphasis was focused on basic research relating 

to the natural resources included in T. F. 

Amazonas. In April 1977, CODESUR 

was transferred to the newly created Ministerio del Ambiente y de 10s Recursos 

Naturales Renovables (MARNR), where 

it became known as “Oficina para Estudios 

Especiales en la Region sur.” CODESUR 

ceased its activities by 31 December 

1979; its functions have been taken 

over partially by the regional office of 

MARNR in Puerto Ayacucho (“Zona 10” 

of MARNR). 

COPPENS, WALTER 

1937- ; Belgian; Anthropologist (Fundacion 

La Salle, Caracas). 

8-1 9 Dec 198 1 : Basin of Rio Manapiare, lower 

Parucito Valley, Majagua and Cano Majagua, vicinity of Hato “Yavi.” 

Nrs. 101-1 15; MYF. 

Notes: Ethnobotanical study of Hoti, Panare, 

and Yabarana Indians. 

26 Nov- 13 Dec 1982: Basin of Rio Manapiare, 

lower Parucito Valley, Cano Majagua, 

Cano Culebra, Cano Mosquito. 

Nrs. 01-55; MYF. 

Notes: Ethnobotanical and general collections 

among Hoti and Panare Indians. Numbering is not in chronological sequence. 

CORTEZ, ALVARO OMAR 

194 1-1983; Venez.; Ichthyologist (UCV, Fac. 

de Ciencias, Caracas). 

Feb-Mar 1973: San Fernando de Atabapo, 

Can0 Temi, Rio Atacavi, Rio Guasacavi, 

Rio Atabapo, Rio Orinoco, Rio Ventuari 

up to Canaripo [Cano Guapuchi, right 

affluent of the lower Rio Ventuari]. 

Approximately 100 nrs. collected, but apparently only few labeled and mounted, 

deposited at VEN. 

Notes: Limnological-ichthyological expedition 

of CODESUR-UCV, Facultad de Ciencias-Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria 

(MAC) to white- and black-water rivers. 

COURET, PIERRE 

1923-1 982; French-Vene7.; Pharmaceutist, 

biochemist, orchidologist. 

Jul-Oct 195 1 : Esmeralda-upper Rio Orinoco 

up to the confluence with Rio Ugueto. 

Notes: Botanist of the French-Veneiuelan expedition to the sources of the Rio Orinoco; botanical collections apparently 

made in cooperation with L. Croizat. According to Couret (1 966:6), his botanical 

emphasis was on cryptogams, which he 

sent to P for study. Grelier (1957:129) 

cites Couret collecting plants on top of 

Guaharibo range on 28 Aug 195 1. 

1958: Expedition to the Rio t’entuari, for the 

Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social 

(MSAS) [Ministry of Health]. 

1970: Expedition to the Rio Ocamo. 

Notes: No plant collections from these two 

expeditions were seen by us. 

Publications: Couret, 1966; 1982a,b. 

COWAN, RICHARD SUMNER 

1921- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical 

Garden, NY). 

2 Nov 1950-2 1 Jan 195 1 : Cerro Duida, Cerro 

Huachaniacari, Cerro Yapacana, Cerro 

Moriche (with B. MAGUIRE and J. J. W’urdack). 

3 1 Jan-2 1 Feb 195 1: Cerro Paru (Asisa) (with 

J.J. Wurdack). 

Nrs. 3 1,352-3 1,599; NY, VEX. 

21-23 Feb 1951: Santa Babard del Orinoco 

(with J.J. Wurdack). 

Nrs. 32,000-32,087; NY, VEN. 

Notes: Member of the “New York Botanical 

Garden’s Exploration Program of the 

Flora of the Guavana Highland,” during 
32 

1950-1951 (see Map 5). Specialist on 

New World Leguminosae. 

Publication: Maguire, 1964a,b. 

1938- ; U.S.; Botanist (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis). 

14 Aug 1982: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings (lower portion of the valley of Rio 

Cataniapo). 

CROAT, THOMAS 

Nrs. 55,037-55,070A; VEN, MO. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Araceae. 

1894-1982; Venez.; Botanist. 

Jul-Oct 195 1 ; Esmeralda-upper Rio Orinoco 

Approximately 1200 nrs.; NY, VEN, P? 

CROIZAT CHALEY, LEON 

up to the confluence with Rio Ugueto. 

Notes: Botanist of the French-Venezuelan expedition to the sources of the Rio Orinoco. Specialist on Euphorbiaceae, Cactaceae. 

Publications: Anduze, s.d. [ 1958?]; Couret, 

1966. 

CRUXENT, JOSE MARIA 

19Z- ; Venez.; Archaeologist (Museo de CienNov-Dec 1948: Lower Rio Cuao, Rio Autana, 

cias Naturales, Caracas). 

base of Cerro Autana. 

Nrs. 1-75; mainly VEN. 

Notes: Participated also in the following expeditions to T. F. Amazonas: 

Fr e ti c h - Ve n e z u e 1 an expedition to the 

sources of the Rio Orinoco, Jul-Dec 

1951; 

Expedition “Elata” with King Leopold I11 of 

Belgium, May-Jun 1952. 

No plant collections made by Cruxent on 

these two expeditions have been seen by 

Publications: Cruxent and Kamen-Kaye, 

1949-1 950; Evans et al., 1959; Cruxent, 

1961. 

CURRAN, HUGH M. 

us. 

1875-1 960; US.; Forester. 

Mar-Apr 1950: Puerto Ayacucho, San Fernando de Atabapo, Santa Barbara, San 

Antonio, Culebra [on Rio Cunucunuma?]. 

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Approximately 300 nrs.? NY! Wood samples 

at MAD? 

Notes: Curran apparently used two different 

numbering systems during this trip, because some plants bear low numbers (between 50 and 260 approximately), 

whereas others bear higher numbers 

(around 1700-1 800). We have been unable to trace Curran’s field notes or other 

pertinent informative sources. 

Publication: Obituary in Journnl of Forestry 

(Washington) 59(1): 56. 1961. 

DAVIDSE, GERRIT 

1942- ; U.S.; Botanist (Missouri Botanical GarOct-Nov 197 1 : Puerto Ayacucho, Samariapo. 

12-2 1 Apr 1978: Puerto Ayacucho to Samariapo, Puerto Ayacucho to El Burro 

(Puerto Nuevo) (with 0. Huber). 

den, St. Louis). 

Nrs. 2735-2882; MO, VEN. 

Nrs. 14,880-15,458; MO, VEX. 

24 Apr-10 May 1979: Puerto Ayacucho and 

surroundings, Rio Orinoco, San Fernando de Atabapo, Rio Atabapo, Cano 

Caname, Rio Atabapo, Rio Orinoco, 

Santa Barbara, west base of Cerro Yapacana, Cano Yagua (with 0. Huber and S. 

Tille tt) . 

Nrs. 16,742-16,819, 16,849-17,503; MO, 

VEN. [16,820-16,848 = Colombian 

shore of lower Rio Atabapo]. 

9-15 May 1980: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings, Gavilan, valley of Rio Cataniapo (with J.A. STEYERMARK and F. Guanchez). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Gramineae. 

1950- ; Venez.; Botanist (Instituto Botanico, 

Caracas). 

2 1 Mar-20 Apr 198 1 : San Carlos de Rio Negro and vicinity, Piedra Culimacare, confluence Rio Pacimoni with Rio Casiquiare 

(with G.M. Christenson and C.R. 

Broome). 

Nrs. 9283-9708; VEN, MY, LaSalle (Caracas). 

DELASCIO CHITTY, FRANCISCO 
NUMBER 56 33 

24 Oct-4 Nov 1981: Santa Barbara del Orinoco, Macuruco, Canaripo, Las Carmelitas, Cano Yureba up to Salto Yureba, 

lower Rio Ventuari (with F. Guanchez). 

Nrs. 10,638-1 1,051; VEN, MY, Instituto 

Universitario Pedagogico (Caracas), LaSalle (Caracas), Regional Herbarium at 

MARNR, Zone 10 (Puerto Ayacucho). 

DEZZEO ALDANA, NELDA 

Rio Negro). 

and vicinity. 

1957- ; Venez.; Forester (IVIC, San Carlos de 

Aug 1981-Dec 1982: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

Approximately 200 nrs.; MER, VEN. 

Notes: Resident forester at IVIC study site in 

San Carlos de Rio Negro succeeding H. 

Clark. Plant collections from the research 

area, mainly trees of Amazon “caatinga,” 

“Yevaro” (Eperua) forests on laterite, 

“Bana” scrub. 

Publication: Dezzeo and Buschbacher, in press. 

1927- ; U.S.; Botanist (Smithsonian Tropical 

Research Institute (STRI) Balboa, Panama). 

24-27 Apr 1967: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings (El Porvenir, Galipero). 

Few nrs., mainly orchids. VEN, STRI?, 

PMA? 

DRESSLER, ROBERT 

Dryer, ? 

?-? 

Dec 1958: Upper Ventuari (with T. LASER). 

1942- ; French; Soil scientist (ORSTOM, 

Mar 1977: Region of Santa Barbara del OriDubroeucq, Didier 

Paris: MARNR, Caracas). 

noco (with F. HERMOSO). 

DUCKE, ADOLPHO 

1876-1959; Braz.; Botanist (Jardim Botanico, 

Rio de Janeiro). 

23 Nov 1935: Piedra Cucuhy, upper Rio Negro [wrongly cited as belonging to Brazil]. 

Few nrs.? MG? RB? US? 

1905- ; Brit.; Orchidologist. 

14-21 Dec 1951: Rio Cuao, up to Raudal 

DUNSTERVILLE, GALFRID CLEMENT KEY WORTH 

Danto and beyond. 

5 Jan-28 Feb 1962: Rio Ventuari, Manapiare, 

Rio Parucito, Cerro Calentura [= Cerro 

Ualipano] (with F. Cardona). 

6 Dec 1965-6 Jan 1966: Rio Cataniapo, Samariapo, San Fernando de Atabapo, 

Santa Barbara, Tamatama, Rio Matacuni, 

Rio Padamo, Rio Cuntinamo, Rio Casiquiare down to Cano Caripe (with P. Anduze). 

14 Sep-1 Oct 1969: Rio Autana [lower 

course]. 

6-23 Oct 1970: Cerro de la Neblina (with J.A. 

Steyermark and C. Brewer-Carias). 

20-27 Sep 197 1 : Cerro Autana (with J.A. Steyermark and C. Brewer-Carias). 

27 Nov-15 Dec 1972: Upper Rio Siapa, Cerro 

Avispa (with J. Pantchenko and F. Cardona). 

8-18 Jan 1975: Rio Autana, up to Cano Manteco. 

3-13 Feb 1975: Cerro Duida and Cerro Marahuaca (with S. Tillett and P. Anduze). 

Notes: Mr. Dunsterville is a specialist on Venezuelan orchids. His collections are almost 

exclusively orchids. He does not use a 

sequential numbering system, because his 

botanical collections are mainly voucher 

specimens for drawings. Almost all of his 

several thousand orchid specimens are 

preserved in spirits and deposited in his 

private collection in Caracas and partly in 

VEN. The above mentioned colleagues 

are not co-collectors, but accompanying 

persons on particular expeditions. Mr. 

Dunsterville was accompanied on most of 

his expeditions by his wife Eleonore. 

EDEN, MICHAEL J. 

1936- ; Brit.; Geographer (Bedford College, 

Univ. of London). 

Apr-May 1968: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 

Brazo Casiquiare, Esmeralda, Rio Orinoco, Santa Barbara, San Fernando de 

Atabapo, Isla Raton, Puerto Ayacucho, 

middle Orinoco. 

Approximately 100 nrs.; K. 
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Notes: Participant of the “Geographical Magazine Amazonas Expedition by Hovercraft” (Manaus to Port of Spain). 

Publications: Eden, 1968, 197 1, 1974a. 

Aug-Sep 1972: Isla Rato, lower Rio Sipapo 

basin (Pendare). 

Approximately 40 nrs.; VEN. 

Notes: Investigation of ecological aspects of 

indigenous shifting cultivation in the 

lower Sipapo basin (Piaroa Indians). 

Publication: Eden, 1974b. 

1941- ; U.S.; Plant ecologist (UCV, Fac. de 

Agronomia, Maracay). 

Mar-Apr 1964: Expedition of the BrazilianVenezuelan Boundary Commission to 

Cerro de la Neblina: 

EWEL, JOHN J. 

Nrs. 

51-53: Brazo Casiquiare, 21 Mar 1964. 

54-60: Brazil, south of Piedra Cocuy, 25 

61-77: Brazil, Mission of Maturaca, 1 Apr 

78-82: Brazil, Rio Cauaburi, 9 Apr 1964. 

[ 8 3: eliminated]. 

84-86: Brazil, Rio Tipirico, 12 Apr 1964. 

87-98: Brazil, Rio Tipirico, 13 Apr 1964. 

99-1 10: Brazil, Rio Tucano, 16 Apr 1964. 

11 1-1 19: Brazil, ascent to Cerro Neblina, 

400 m, 18 Apr 1964. 

120- 13 1 : Brazil, ascent to Cerro Neblina, 

1250 m, 21 Apr 1964. 

132-143: Brazil, ascent to Cerro Neblina, 

1250 m, 23 Apr 1964. 

144- 148: Cerro Neblina, Venezuelan-Brazilian frontier, 1700 m, 22 Apr 1964. 

149-1 70: Cerro Neblina, Venezuelan-Brazilian frontier, 1800-2200 m, 25 Apr 

1964. 

17 1-185: Cerro Neblina, Venezuelan-Brazilian frontier, 1800-2200 m, 28 Apr 

1964. 

186-2 10: Cerro Neblina, Venezuelan-Brazilian frontier, 1500 m, 29 Apr 1964. 

21 1-230: Brazil, Rio Cauaburi near mouth 

into Rio Negro, 90 m, Apr 1964. 

NY, MY. 

Mar 1964. 

1964. 

Notes: Collections made as part of ecological 

mapping effort for the “Life Zone Map of 

Venezuela” (Ewe1 and Madriz, 1968; Ewe1 

et al., 1976. Field notes in MY. Brazilian 

collections not mentioned in Prance, 

1971. 

Publication: Ort, 1965. 

FARINAS G.,MARIO R. 

1943- ; Venez.; Botanist, ecologist (UCV, Fac. 

de Ciencias, Caracas). 

22 Jan-25 Feb 1969: Esmeralda, Cerro Duida, 

Brazo Casiquiare (with E. Medina and J. 

Velasquez). 

Nrs. 277-696; VEN, NY, US. 

Notes: AsoVAC Expedition to upper Orinoco. 

Field notes of nrs. 277-526, 530-531 in 

VEN. First helicopter expedition in T. F. 

Amazonas. 

Publication: Medina, 1969. 

1928- ; Venez.; Agronomist (UCV, Fac. de 

25-28 Feb 1977: Puerto Ayacucho and surFERNANDEZ, ANTONIO 

Agronomia, Maracay). 

roundings. 

Nrs. 2847-2990; MY. 

15-22 Nov 1978: San Simon de Cocui, mouth 

of Rio Guainia and San Carlos de Rio 

Negro, mouth of Rio Casiquiare, Rio Negro, Maroa, Yavita, Rio Temi. 

Nrs. 3360-3519; MY. 

FERRIGNI, NELSON R. 

1943- ; Venez.; Pharmaceutical researcher 

(UCV, Fac. de Farmacia, Caracas). 

23-26 Mar 1974: Area of San Fernando de 

Atabapo (with S. TILLETT and A. Gentry). 

28 Jan-8 Feb 1975: Surroundings of La Esmeralda, base of Cerro Duida (with C.J. 

Zorrilla and E.A. Reyes). 

Approximately 59 nrs.; VEN, NY, MYF, 

HB, K, U. 

Publication: Norambuena, 1975. 

1955- ; Brit.; Student of ecology (Univ. of 

8 Nov 1980: Yutaje (with J.A. STEYERMARK, 

Field, Andy 

Reading, England). 

P.J.M. Maas and P. Redmond). 
NUMBER 56 35 

FOLDATS, ERNESTO 

1925- ; Venez.; Botanist, ecologist (UCV, Fac. 

29 Aug-20 Sep 1960: Rio Atabapo, Cano Atade Ciencias, Caracas). 

cavi up to the headwaters. 

Nrs. 3526-3887; VEN, NY. 

Notes: Joint expedition to blackwater rivers 

with V. Vareschi and J. Racenis. 

18 Apr-14 May 1971: Rio Orinoco, Santa 

Barbara, Rio Ventuari, Salto Tecua, Rio 

Manapiare, San Juan de Manapiare, Rio 

Ventuari, Rio Orinoco, San Antonio, Esmeralda, Platanal, Raudal Guaharibos. 

Nrs. 37A-56A: Rio Orinoco, Santa Barbara, 

18-21 Apr 1971. 

Nrs. 57A-210A: Rio Ventuari, San Juan de 

Manapiare, Rio Ventuari, 21 Apr-4 May 

1971. 

Nrs. 21 1A-377A: Rio Orinoco up to Raudal 

Guaharibos, 4- 14 May 197 1. 

VEN, NY. 

Notes: Expedition made on behalf of CODESUR for the radar inventory of natural 

resources in T. F. Amazonas (ground control for vegetation mapping) by Aeroservice Corp. The letter “A” after the number refers to “Amazonas.” Field notes at 

VEN. Specialist on Venezuelan orchids. 

Publication: Aeroservice, 1972 (including 

maps 1:250,000). 

1891-196’; Braz.; Botanist. 

1 1 -? Dec 1945: Casiquiare. 

FROES, RICARDO DE LEMOS 

Probably few nrs. (less than loo?, e.g., 

2 1,490-2 1,5 14: SaO Jose do Casiquiare), 

deposited at IAN, VEN, K, NY, SP, UC, 

US (fide Prance, 1971). 

Notes: Mainly Brazilian collector (with B.A. 

Krukoff), but made a short trip up the 

Rio Negro into Venezuela, reaching 

Brazo Casiquiare in December 1945. 

1952- ; Venez.; Anthropologist (Fundacion La 

Salle, Caracas). 

3 1 Mar-30 Nov 1978: Lower and middle Rio 

Ocamo up to Raudal Arata (approximately 700 m), mainly at GuabutagueyFUENTES, EMILIO 

teri (1 00-1 000 m). 

Salle (Caracas), P. 

Nrs. 1-90, 101-162, 1001-1223; MYF, La 

1980: Same region as above. 

Notes: Anthropological research with Yanomami Indians. The numbering sequence 

of collections made in 1978 is irregular. 

Few nrs. [s.n.]; MYF. 

Publications: Fuentes, ms, 1980. 

GAILLARD, ALBERT 

1858-1903; French; Botanist, mycologist. 

Apr-Sep 1887: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings, Rio Orinoco up to San Fernando de Atabapo, Rio Guaviare (Colombia). 

Nrs. at least 250. 

Notes: The main phanerogamic collections of 

Publication: Patouillard and Gaillard, 1888- 

Gaillard are deposited at P. 

[ 1889’1. 

GAROFALO, BEATRIZ 

1953- ; Venez.; Botanist (Instituto Botanico, 

Caracas). 

2-3 Aug 1978: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(with T. Iturriaga and M. Guariglia). 

15 Aug 1980: Galipero [north of Puerto AyNrs. 127-157; VEN. 

acucho]. 

Nrs. 475,477-480; VEN. 

Gehriger, Wilhelm 

?;?;? 

Nov 1929-Feb 1930: Rio Orinoco, Puerto 

Ayacucho, Brazo Casiquiare, Rio Negro, 

Cucuhy (Brazil) (with E. G. HOLT). 

GENTRY, ALWYN 

1945- ; U.S.; Botanist (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis). 

23-26 Mar 1974: San Fernando de Atabapo 

and surroundings (with S. Tillett and N. 

Ferrigni). 

Nrs. 10,825-10,937; MO, VEX. 

28-30 Jun 1975: Puerto A.yacucho to Samariapo (with P. Berry). 

Nrs. 14,408-14,644; MO, VEN. 

Notes: Specialist on New World Bignoniaceae. 
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Geographical Magazine Amazonas Expedition by 

Hovercraft 

[l 1 Apr 1968: Start in Manaus, Brazil]. 

16 Apr 1968: Cucui to San Carlos de Rio 

17 Apr 1968: Solano. 

19-28 Apr 1968: Region of Esmeralda (Rio 

28 Apr 1968: Esmeralda to Santa Barbara. 

28 Apr-2 May 1968: Region of Santa Birbara 

(Rio Ventuari, up to Las Carmelitas; 

Santa Bairbara and vicinity). 

2 May 1968: Santa Barbara to San Fernando 

de Atabapo. 

3 May 1968: San Fernando de Atabapo to 

Puerto Ayacucho. 

6 May 1968: Puerto Ayacucho to Puerto Carreno (Colombia). 

[7-9 May 1968: Puerto Carreno, Ciudad Bolivar, Puerto Ordaz, Port of Spain, Trinidad]. 

Negro. 

Ocamo, Rio Padamo, Brazo Casiquiare). 

Scientific personnel of the expedition: 

MICHAEL J. EDEN, geographer, leader of the sciCONRAD GORINSKY, ethnobotanist. 

DAVID HARRIS, geographer, ethnographer. 

John B. Thornes, geographer, hydrologist. 

ERNESTO MEDINA, plant ecologist. 

entific party. 

Notes: All except Thornes collected plants 

during the expedition. 

Publications on the expedition: Botting, 

1968a,b; Eden, 1968; Branston, 1970; 

Medina, 197 1. 

Publications on scientific results: Harris, 1968, 

1971; Gorinsky, 1969; Edwards and 

Thornes, 1970; Eden, 1971, 1974a,b. 

1936- ; Brit.; Ethnobotanist (St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London). 

Apr-May 1968: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 

Brazo Casiquiare, Esmeralda, Ocamo, 

Puerto Ayacucho. 

Approximately 10 nrs., deposited at St. Bartholomew’s Medical College, London. 

Notes: Participant of the “Geographical Magazine Amazonas Expedition by Hovercraft. ” 

GORINSKY, CONRAD 

Publication: Gorinsky, 1969. 

19??- ; ? ; Pilot of aircraft of P. Redmond. 

22 Feb 1979: Yutaje?, Canio Coro-coro (with 

J.A. STEYERMARK and P. Redmond). 

19??- ; Brit.; Plant ecologist (Univ. of Cambridge, School of Botany, Cambridge, 

Great Britain). 

18-19 Nov 1982: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings. 

Griot Casanova, Marcel 

GRUBB, PETER 

4 nrs [s.n.]; VEN, K. 

GUANCHEZ MEZA, FRANCISCO 

1953- ; Venez.; Agronomist, botanist 

(MARNR, Zone 10, Puerto Ayacucho). 

1 1 Apr 1980-present: Intermittent collections 

in and around Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity. 

9- 15 May 1980: Valley of Rio Cataniapo (Gavilan, San Pedro); vicinity of Puerto Ayacucho (with J.A. STEYERMARK and G. Davidse). 

13-28 Feb 198 1 : Ocarno, upper Rio Orinoco, 

Rio Mavaca, Sierra de Untuah, Rio Matacuni (by helicopter). 

18-29 May 1981: Cano Yagua. 

15- 17 Jul 198 1 : Rio Atabapo, Cano Atacavi. 

24 Oct-4 Nov 1981: Canio Yureba (with F. 

19-30 Mar 1982: Cano Yureba. 

Nrs. 462-899. 

Nrs. 1027- 130 1. 

Nrs. 13 10- 1424. 

DELASCIO). 

Nrs. 1498A-1769 [nrs. 1498-1598 have 

been erroneously used twice; therefore, 

one set has been differentiated by the 

addition of the letter A to the duplicated 

nrs.]. 

15-1 7 Ju1 1982: Santa Barbara, Trapichote 

(with M. Balick and 0. HUBER). 

12-15 Aug 1982: San Fernando de Atabapo 

to Tamatama (with L. Mercado). 

Nrs. 1837-1937 [mainly secondary vegetation and cultivated plants around all settlements along Rio Orinoco; general collections of riverine vegetation]. 

3-16 Nov 1982: Ocamo (Santa Maria de 10s 
NUMBER 56 37 

Guaicas) and vicinity; headwaters of Rio 

Padamo; 15 km south of Tamatama; Raudal Guaharibo; southern end of Sierra 

Parima, west of Rio Ejercito; Raudal Penascal; south base of Cerro Duida, 360 m; 

Ocamo; Rio Arari, 2-5 km south of confluence with Rio Matapire; Cerro Duida, 

north ridges, Cano Negro, 750 m (by 

helicopter). 

Nrs. 1950-2353. 

All collections: Regional Herbarium of 

MARNR at Puerto Ayacucho, VEN, MY. 

Notes: Resident botanist of MARNR at Puerto 

Ayacucho since 1979. Founder and curator of the Regional Herbarium of 

MARNR in Puerto Ayacucho. 

GUARIGLIA P., MARIO 

1954- ; Venez.; Botanist, mycologist (Instituto 

Botinico, Caracas). 

9 Apr 1978-15 Mar 1979: Paria Grande 

(south of Puerto Ayacucho) (with T. Iturriaga). 

Nrs.: 1-524; VEN, NY (mainly fungi). 

27 Jan-1 1 Feb 1982: Culebra, Rio Cunucunuma, Cerro Marahuaca, Cerro Duida, 

Cerro Huachamacari (with J.A. Steyermark, N. Holmgren, J. Luteyn, and S. 

Mori). 

Nrs.: 1376-1 796; VEN, NY (bryophytes, 

fungi, and lichens). 

Notes: Helicopter expedition conducted by C. 

Brewer-Carias. 

Publication: Guariglia and Iturriaga, 1980. 

1956- ; Venez.; Botany student (UCV, Fac. de 

Oct 1977-June 1978: Puerto Ayacucho and 

GUINAND, LUISA ELENA 

Ciencias, Caracas). 

vicinity. 

Nrs. 1-1 17; VEN. 

Publication: Guinand and Sanchez, 1979. 

1938- ; Venez.; Chemical technician (UCV, 

Fac. de Farmacia, Caracas). 

27 May-3 Jun 1974: Surroundings of San 

Fernando de Atabapo, surroundings of 

Santa Barbara del Orinoco (with S. TILLETT). 

Gutikrrez, Luis V. 

HALL, JERRY 

194?- ; U.S.; Zoologist (Univ. of Georgia, Ath1975-Nov 1977: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

ens, U.S.A.). 

vicinity (IVIC study sites). 

Approximately 30 nrs.; VEN, NY? 

HARRIS, DAVID R. 

1930- ; Brit.; Ethnographer (University College, London). 

16 Apr-6 May 1968: Rio Casiquiare, Rio Orinoco, Rio Ocamo, Rio Ventuari (Las Carmelitas), Isla Rat6n. 

Few nrs.; K. 

Notes: Member of the “Geographical Magazine Amazonas Expedition by Hovercraft.” Collected mainly cultivated plants 

used by Indians in their “conucos” (shifting cultivation plots). 

Publications: Harris, 1968, 197 1. 

Hasegawa, Masahisa 

1938- ; Japan.; Chemist (UCV, Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas). 

11-19 Feb 1974: Surroundings of San Fernando de Atabapo (with S. TILLETT). 

1-9 Feb 1977: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

vicinity (with G. MORLLLO). 

Heny, Gustavo 

19??- ; Venez. 

2 Mar 1977: Canaripo (with J.A. STEYERMARK 

and P. Redmond). 

HERMOSO, FREDDY 

racas). 

noco (with D. Dubroeucq). 

1948- ; Venez.; Soil scientist (MARNR, CaMar 1977: Region of Santa Barbara del Ori1 nr. [s.n.]; VEN. 

4 Nov 1978: Cerro Aracapo (upper Rio Guayape). 

Few nrs. [s.n.]; VEN. 

HERNANDEZ RAMOS, JUAN FRANCISCO 

1958- ; Venez.; Botanist (UCV, Fac. de 

Agronomia, Maracay). 

8-28 Aug 1982: Samariapo, San Fernando de 

Atabapo, Santa Barbara del Orinoco, San 

Antonio del Orinoco, Cariche, Brazo Casiquiare, San Carlos de Rio Negro, Piedra 

cocuy. 
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Nrs. 35-62; MY. 

Notes: Botanical excursion to T. F. Amazonas 

of members of the Botany Department of 

UCV, Fac. de Agronomia, Maracay (see 

also Ruiz Zapata, Thirza). 

HERRICK, L.B. 

?;?;? 

? : Sierra Parima, Frontier Camp 3, Rio Putaco 

A few orchid collections at VEN [s.n., s.d.1. 

Notes: Occasional visitor of the Venezuelan 

Frontier Commission in May 1972, during 

J.A. Steyermark’s journey in the Sierra 

Parima (Steyermark, pers. comm.). 

Camp. 

Hitchcock, Charles Baker 

1906-1 969; US.; Geologist; cartographer 

(American Geographical Society, New 

York). 

1-3 Mar 1947: Cerro Yavi (with W.H. and 

K.D. PHELPS). 

Feb 1949: Cerro Paru (with W.H. and K.D. 

PHELPS). 

23 Jan-5 Feb 1951: Cerro Guanay (with B. 

MAGUIRE, W.H. and K.D. Phelps, and G. 

Budowski). 

12-17 Feb 1951: Cerro Camani (with B. MAGUIRE, W.H. and K.D. Phelps, and G. 

Bud0 w s ki) . Notes: First visit to T. F. Amazonas in 1928- 

1929 as a member of the Tyler-Duida 

Expedition to Cerro Duida (see Tate and 

Hitchcock, 1930). 

Publications: Hitchcock, 1947, 1948. 

1937- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical 

Garden). 

27 Jan-1 1 Feb 1982: Culebra, Rio Cunucunuma, Cerro Marahuaca, Cerro Duida, 

Cerro Huachamacari (with J.A. STEYERMARK, M. Guariglia, J. Luteyn, and S. 

Mori). 

Holmgren, Noel 

HOLT, ERNEST GOLSAN 

1889-1983; U.S.; Ornithologist (National 

Nov 1929-Feb 1930: Ciudad Bolivar to CuGeographic Society, Washington, D.C.). 

cuhy (Brazil) (with W. Gehriger). 

Botanical collections in T. F. Amazonas: 

Nrs. 

2 10-2 17: Puerto Sanariapo, 12 Jan 1930. 

218-227: Mouth of Rio Vichada, 13 Jan 

228-229: Mariposa, Rio Orinoco (Colom230-232: Near Isla Castillito, 14 Jan 1930. 

233-24 1 : San Fernando de Atabapo, 16 Jan 

242-245: Santa Barbara, 18 Jan 1930. 

246-248: Near Cano Carida, 19 Jan 1930. 

249-252: San Antonio del Orinoco, 21 Jan 

253-261 : Isla Maricapana, 21 Jan 1930. 

262-267: Below Tamatama, 23 Jan 1930. 

268-282: Tamatama, 24 Jan 1930. 

283-290: Casiquiare, Capibara, 25 Jan 

291-335: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 28-29 

336-340a: San Felipe (Colombia), 29 Jan 

341-399: Cucuhy (Brazil), 4-5 Feb 1930. 

400-41 3: Puerto Ayacucho, 25 Feb 1930. 

Notes: National Geographic Society Venezuela-Brazil expeditions. Some of the labels 

of these collections bear “N.G.S.” as collectors. First set at US; dupl. NY, VEN, 

B, BM, G, GH, S, CM. 

1930. 

bia), 14 Jan 1930. 

1930. 

1930. 

1930. 

Jan 1930. 

1930. 

Publications: Holt, 193 1; Friedmann, 1948. 

Sep 1930-Jun 1931: Manaus to Ciudad BoliBotanical collections in T. F. Amazonas: 

14-26 Nov 1930: Salto Hua, Rio Maturaca 

(Venezuelan-Brazilian frontier). 

25-30 Jan 1931: Rio Negro. 

30 Jan-22 Feb 1931: Rio Casiquiare. 

23 Feb 1931: Rio Orinoco, Tamatama. 

24 Feb 1931: Rio Orinoco, near Cerro Car25 Feb 1931: Rio Orinoco, Isla Temblador. 

28 Feb-9 Mar 1931: San Antonio del Ori12-16 Mar 1931: Rio Orinoco, Isla Corovar (with E.R. Blake). 

iche. 

noco. 

coro. 
NUMBER 56 39 

17-23 Mar 1931: Cerro Yapacana, base 

23 Mar-29 Apr 1931: Cerro Yapacana. 

8-23 May 1931: Puerto Ayacucho. 

camp. 

Notes: The above itinerary and dates are taken 

from Friedmann’s paper on the ornithological results of Holt’s expedition. Birdcollecting sites do not necessarily always 

correspond to plant-collecting localities. 

Apparently, Holt and companions were 

the first naturalists to ascend to the top of 

Cerro Yapacana (approximately 1200 m). 

Nevertheless, so far no collections made 

by Holt have been seen by us from the 

summit region of that mountain. Possibly, 

plant collections were made only at the 

base of Cerro Yapacana. A total of 452 

collections of the original set collected by 

Holt and Blake are deposited at US; duplicates at VEN, NY (and other herbaria 

as above?). The Venezuelan Amazonas 

collections made by Holt and Blake cover 

approximately their nrs. 600-800. Holt 

and Blake’s plant collections made in Brazil are omitted in Prance, 197 1. 

Publications: Holt, 1933: Friedmann, 1948. 

1927- ; Venez.; Botanist (Sociedad de Ciencias 

5-20 May 1973: Canio Asisa, Cerro Paru (La 

HOYOS F., JESUS

Naturales La Salle, Caracas). 

Momia), Laguna Asisa (with G. Morillo). 

Nrs. 1-133; La Salle (Caracas), VEN. 

Notes: Joint helicopter expedition of Sociedad 

de Ciencias Naturales La Salle and Instituto Botanico (VEN), Caracas. 

Publications: Hoyos, 1973. 

1944- ; Ital.; Botanist, ecologist (CODESUR, 

25 Jan-20 Apr 1977: 

HUBER, OTTO (Map 3) 

MARNR, Caracas). 

Nrs. 394-5 17: San Juan de Manapiare and 

Nrs. 5 18-542: San Juan de Manapiare and 

Nrs. 547-7 17: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinvicinity, 25 Jan-1 Feb 1977. 

vicinity, 24-25 Feb 1977. 

ity, 13-20 Apr 1977. 

4 May 1977: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(Tobogan de la Selva) (with J.A. STEYERMARK and P. Redmond). 

Nrs. 7 18-82 1 : Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 21-25 May 1977. 

11 Jun 1977: Valley of Rio Cataniapo (southeast of Puerto Ayacucho) (with J.A. STEYERMARK, P. Berry, and P. Redmond). 

17 Jun 1977-13 Apr 1978: 

Nrs. 

825-863: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(partly with J. Cerda), 17-18 Jun 1977. 

864-96 1 : Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, Isla 

Raton (with S. Tillett), 14-21 Ju1 1977. 

962-105 1 : Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

21-25 Aug 1977, 13 Sep 1977. 

1052-1254: San Juan de Manapiare and 

vicinity, 10-18 Oct 1977 (includes a short 

helicopter trip to Canaripo (1 062- 1079, 

11 Oct 1977) and southeastern base of 

Cerro Yavi (1080-1088, 12 Oct 1977)). 

1255-1 377: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

6-8 Dec 1977. 

1388- 14 17: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(with L. Cardenas de Guevara and M. 

Pyykko), 9-10 Jan 1978. 

14 18-1 526: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(partly with J. Cerda), 25-30 Jan 1978. 

1527-1 73 1 : West base of Cerro Yapacana, 

Santa Barbara (joint expedition of American Museum of Natural History, New 

York, and MARNR-CODESUR to Cerro 

Yapacana), 15-27 Feb 1978. 

1733-1750: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(with G. Davidse), 12--13 Apr 1978. 

12 May 1978: Santa Barbara and mouth of 

Rio Ventuari (with J.A. STEYERMARK, P. 

Berry and P. Redmond). 

25 May 1978-17 Ju1 1982: 

Nrs. 

175 1-207 1 : Canaripo, west base of Cerro 

2072-2078: Valley of Rio Cataniapo (with 

2079-2 152: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

Yapacana, 25 May-4 Jun 1978. 

A. Catalan), 4 Ju1 1978. 

5-7 Jul 1978. 
no 

40 

>o 

0 

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

0 67' 66 65' 64O 6 

B R 

I - ESCALA GRAFICP 

I L 

" 

69' 68O 67' 66O 65O 64' 63' 

MAP 3.-Exploration by Huber, 1977-1982 (circles = heli-trips 1-8, 1978-1981; heavy 

lines = river trips). 
NUMBER 56 41 

2 17 1-2 199: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(with A. Zinck), 4-6 Aug 1978. 

2200-2704: [“Heli-trip l”] Manapiare Basin, upper Ventuari, lower Ventuari, Rio 

Guayapo, the base of Yapacana, Cano Yagua, Maroa, Pimichin, Yavita, Rio Atabapo, 15-26 Aug 1978. 

2705-2745: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

13-16 Nov 1978. 

2746-3077: Santa Barbara, Canio Perro de 

Agua, west base of Cerro Yapacana, Cano 

Yagua (with S. Tillett), 30 Nov-12 Dec 

1978. 

3078-3143: Cano Yagua, 15-19 Jan 1979. 

3 144-3 145: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(with C. Rangel), 16 Feb 1979. 

3 146-3637: [“Heli-trip 2”] Munduapo, San 

Antonio, Cano Yagua, Cerro Moriche 

(south base), lower Ventuari, Rio Guayapo, Esmeralda, Guarinuma, Canio San 

Miguel, Maroa, Pimichin, Rio Temi, middle Ventuari, Manapiare, Rio Asita, upper 

Ventuari, Cerro Paru, 17 Feb-3 Mar 

1979. 

3638-3775: Cano Caname, west base of 

Cerro Yapacana, Cano Yagua (with G. 

Davidse and S. Tillett), 30 Apr-9 May 

1979. 

3776-38 17: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

23-24 May 1979. 

38 18-4 1 14: [“Heli-trip 3”] Rio Autana, 

Santa Barbara, Cano Yagua, southeast and 

northeast base of Cerro Yapacana, Rio 

Guayapo, lower Ventuari, Cano Caname, 

26 Jun-3 Jul 1979. 

4 1 15-4250: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

4269-4649: [“Heli-trip 4”] Cerro Paru upper Ventuari, Manapiare, Cerro Camani, 

middle and upper Rio Parucito, 3-10 Oct 

1979. 

4650-4773: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

7 Nov-4 Dec 1979. 

4785-4793: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

21-24 Jan 1980. 

4794-4795: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

16 Feb 1980. 

17-22 Au~ 1979. 

4796-5 17 1 : [“Heli-trip 5”] Cerro Yapacana 

(northwest base), Cano Yagua, lower Ventuari, Pimichin, Cano Caname, middle Rio 

Ocamo, Esmeralda, Rio Cunucunuma, 

Parima, Rio Puruname, Rio Guayapo, Rio 

Guasacavi, San Antonio, 28 Feb-10 Mar 

1980. 

5 172-5 192: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

14 Mar 1980. 

5 193-5202: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

11-14 Apr 1980. 

5204-5250: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

9 May 1980. 

525 1-5265: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

18-21 Jun 1980. 

5266-528 1 : Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

11 Jul 1980. 

5282-5597: [”Heli-trip 6”] Lower Rio Cuao, 

Rio Autana, Lim6n de Parhuena, Cano 

Yagua, Santa Barbara, San Antonio, Rio 

Puruname, Rio Guayapo, Cerro Yapacana 

(north base), Rio Sipapo, 14-28 Ju1 1980 

(with S. Tillett). 

5598-5599: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

29 Jul 1980. 

5600-5633: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

5634-5697: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

surroundings (IVIC study sites) 15-16 Sep 

1980 (with E. Medina and H. Clark). 

5698-5734: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings, 23 Sep 1980. 

5735-5754: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

4-5 Nov 1980 (with P.J.M. Maas). 

5755-6126: [“Heli-trip 7”] Lower Rio Siapa, 

Rio Pacimoni, Cerro Aracamuni, Car50 

Pimichin, Rio Guasacavi, Sierra Parima, 

middle Rio Siapa, Serrania Vinilla, lower 

Rio YatGa, San Carlos de Rio Negro, Serrania Cariche, lower Cano Marueta, 6-1 8 

Feb 1981 (partly with E. Medina). 

61 27: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 25 Mar 

1981. 

6 128-624 1 : [“Heli-trip 8”] Sierra Parima, 

Cerro Duida (south base), Rio Ocamo, 

Serrania Vinilla, Rio Asisa, Rio Yagua, Rio 

Sipapo, 12-16 Jun 1981. 

19-21 Au~ 1980. 
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

6242-6246: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

16 Jun 1981 (with A. Braun). 

6272-6278: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

15 Feb 1982 (with F. Guanchez). 

6279-6294: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

27 Feb 1982. 

6353-6435: Guachapana, Rio Puruname, 

Puerto Ayacucho, 26 May-8 Jun 1982 

(with S. Tillett). 

6436-6437: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, 

17, 23 Mar 1982 (with J. Cerda and P. 

Pi hate) . 

6438-645 1 : Santa Barbara, Trapichote, 

15-17 Jul 1982 (with M. Balick and F. 

Guanchez). 

14 Dec 1982: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(with F. GUANCHEZ). 

First set of all collections: VEN; dupl. NY, 

us, U. 

Notes: Responsible for the research project 

“Inventario botanico-ecologico del bioma 

sabana en el Territorio Federal Amazonas,” (joint project MARNR-CODESUR and CONICIT) during 1977-1981; 

coordinator of the research project: “Investigaciones ecologicas sobre el limite 

bosque-sabana en la Cuenca del Rio Galipero, T. F. Amazonas” (joint project 

MARNR-CODESUR, CONICIT, and 

University of Gottingen (Fed. Rep. of Germany)), during 1979- 198 1. 

A detailed index of all collecting localities 

in T. F. Amazonas during 1977-1982 has 

been deposited at VEN, NY, MO, and US. 

Publications: Huber, 1980, 1982a,b, in press; 

Folster and Huber, in press. 

HUMBOLDT, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH ALEXANDER 

VON (Map 4) 

1769-1 859; Germ.; Naturalist, geographer, 

botanist, zoologist. 

Travelled in Territorio Federal Amazonas 

(with A. Bonpland). 

13 Apr 1800: Entering T. F. Amazonas on Rio 

Orinoco through Raudal de Tabaje, south 

of confluence of Rio Meta with Rio Orinoco. 

14 Apr 1800: Isla Guachaco [or Vachaco], 

mouth of Rio Parueni [Parhuena?], Isla 

Panumana. 

15 Apr 1800: Mouth of Rio Anaveni, Atures 

[San Juan Nepomuceno de 10s Atures]. 

17 Apr 1800: Mouth of Rio Cataniapo, Raudal 

Garcita, Isla Tom0 [Colombia]. 

18 Apr 1800: Mouth of Rio Tomo, Raudal de 

10s Guahibos, Puerto de Maipures, San 

Jose de Maipures [Colombia]. 

19-20 Apr 1800: Maipures [Colombia]. 

21 Apr 1800: Puerto de Maipures, Raudal de 

Cameji, Isla Piedra Ratbn. 

22 Apr 1800: Mouth of Rio Sipapo, mouth of 

Rio Vichada [Colombia], Cano Piriyavi, 

mouth of Rio Zama [Colombia]. 

23 Apr 1800: Mouth of Rio Mataveni, El Castillito, mouth of Rio Sincurivapo, Penon 

de Aricagua. 

24 Apr 1800: Mouths of Rios Ucata, Arapa 

and Caranaveni, Siquita, Guaviare, San 

Fernando de Atabapo. 

25 Apr 1800: San Fernando de Atabapo. 

26 Apr 1800: Guapasoso. 

27 Apr 1800: Mouth of Rio Ipurichapano, 

Piedra del Tigre. 

28 Apr 1800: Piedra and Raudalito de Guarinuma, Mendaxari. 

29 Apr 1800: San Baltasar. 

30 Apr 1800: Mouth of Rio Atacavi, mouth of 

Rio Guasacavi, Rio Temi, Piedra de Astor. 

1 May 1800: Confluence of Rio Temi and Rio 

Tuamini, San Antonio de Javita [Yavita]. 

2-4 May 1800: Javita. 

5 May 1800: Javita, Puerto de Pimichin. 

6 May 1800: Cano Pimichin, Rio Negro [= 

Rio Guainia], Maroa, mouth of Rio Aquio, 

mouth of Rio Tomo, San Miguel de Davipe, Rio Conorichite or Itinivini [= Cano 

San Miguel], Isla Dapa. 

7 May 1800: Mouth of Casiquiare, San Carlos 

de Rio Negro. 

8-9 May 1800: San Carlos de Rio Negro. 

10 May 1800: Rio Negro, Isla Zaruma and 

Mini, Raudales de la Piedra de Uinumane, 

mouth of Casiquiare, Isla de Garigave, San 

Francisco Solano. 

1 1 May 1800: Cano Daquiapo, Cano Guachap- 
NUMBER 56 43 

a 

- 19-20/IV 

m 

I 

0 

J 

0 

00 69' 

B R 

68' ( 

0 ESTADO 

A s 

0 64' 

BOLIVAR 

0 Kms 100 

ESCALA GRAFICA 

I L 

~ 

0 66' 65' 64' 

MAP 4.-Exploration by Humboldt and Bonpland, 1800 (number/roman numeral = day/ 

month). 
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

uru, Raudales de Cunanivicari, Piedras 

Guanari, Piedra Culimacari. 

12 May 1800: Mouth of Rio Pacimoni, Mision 

de Mandavaca [Quirabuena]. 

13 May 1800: Mouth of Rio Idapa [Siapa], 

Raudal del Cunuri. 

14 May 1800: Cano Caterico, Mision de Vasiva, Laguna Vasiva. 

15-20 May 1800: Rio Casiquiare. 

21 May 1800: Entering Rio Orinoco, Cano 

Tamatama, Esmeralda. 

22 May 1800: Esmeralda, mouth of Rio Guapo 

[= Iguapo]. 

23 May 1800: Esmeralda, bifurcation of Rio 

Orinoco, Playa del Casiquiare. 

24-25 May 1800: Rio Orinoco, mouth of Rio 

Cunucunuma, mouth of Rio Guanami, 

mouth of Rio Puruname, mouth of Rio 

Jao [Yagua], Santa Barbara. 

26 May 1800: Santa Barbara, Isla de Minisi 

[ Minicio]. 

27 May 1800: Mouths of Rios Quejanuma, 

Ubua and Masao, San Fernando de Atabapo. 

28 May 1800: San Fernando de Atabapo, El 

Castillito, mouth of Rio Metaveni [Colombia]. 

29 May 1800: Mouth of Mataveni, Raudal de 

Maipures. 

30 May 1800: Mision de Maipures [Colombia]. 

3 1 May 1800: Rapidos de 10s Guahibos, Raudal 

Garcita, Puerto de la Expedition, Caverna 

de Ataruipe, Mision de Atures. 

1 Jun 1800: Raudalito de Canucari, Isla Panumana. 

2 Jun 1800: Playa de Guachaco, Mision San 

Borja, mouth of Rio Meta, Carichana 

[Edo. Bolivar]. 

Notes: Presumably, Humboldt and Bonpland 

collected approximately 500 numbers of 

plants during their travel in T. F. Amazonas. The first set is deposited at P; dupl. 

at B, KIEL, HAL, L, LINN, MEDEL, PC, 

w. 

Publications: Humboldt, 18 16- 183 1 ; 18 18- 

1829; Sandwith, 1925; Dugand, 1956; 

Stearn, 1968. 

Instituto Nacional de Parques (INPARQUES) 

Autonomous governmental institution annexed to the Ministerio del Ambiente y 

de 10s Recursos Naturales Renovables 

(MARNR), with the function of management and protection of the national parks 

throughout Venezuela. 

Since January 1981, the Instituto Botinico, including the Herbario Nacional 

de Venezuela (VEN), has been placed under INPARQUES in the Direcci6n de Investigaciones Biologicas. 

Personnel of the Instituto Botanico, 

INPARQUES, who have made botanical 

collections in Territorio Federal Amazonas: Francisco Delascio C., Beatriz Garofalo, Mario Guariglia, Luisa Elena Guinand, Gilbert0 Morillo, Julian A. Steyermark. 

National Parks and Natural Monuments in T. 

F. Amazonas: 

Parque Nacional “Yapacana,” Departamento 

Atabapo, 320,000 ha. 

Parque Nacional “Duida-Marahuaca,” 

Departamento Atabapo, approximately 

2 10,000 ha. 

Parque Nacional “Serrania La Neblina,” Departamento Rio Negro, approximately 

1,360,000 ha. 

Monumento Natural “Piedra El Cocuy,” Departamento Rio Negro. 

Monumento Natural “Cerro Autana,” Departamento Atures. 

Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC) 

1974-1 982: Long-term ecological research on 

the composition and functioning of Amazon forest ecosystems (“Tierra firme” forests, “Caatinga” forests, “bana” scrub) in 

the vicinity of San Carlos de Rio Negro, 

along road to Solano. 

Interinstitutional and multidisciplinary 

research as part of UNESCO-Man and 
NUMBER 56 45 

Biosphere (MAB) Program on Tropical 

Forests. 

Directors: Dr. Ernesto Medina, Dr. Rafael 

Herrera (IVIC). 

Institutions involved: 

IVIC (Caracas, Venezuela). 

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Technologicas, CONICIT (Caracas, Venezuela). 

University of Georgia, Institute of Ecology 

(Athens, Georgia, U.S.A.). 

National Science Foundation, NSF (Washington, D.C., U.S.A.). 

Max-Planck-Institut, Abt. f. Tropenokologie (Plon, Fed. Rep. of Germany). 

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG 

(Fed. Rep. of Germany). 

Scientists involved with plant collecting at the 

IVIC study sites near San Carlos de Rio 

Negro: Eberhard F. Brunig, Robert 

Buschbacher, Howard L. Clark, Nelda 

Dezzeo, Kathleen Ennis Clark, Jerry Hall, 

Hans Klinge, Ernesto Medina, Christopher Uhl. 

Ishikawa, Motosuke 

19??- ;Japan.; Ethnobotanist. 

22-29 Sept 1973: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings (with G. MORILLO). 

Iturriaga C., Teresa Maria 

1953- ; Venez.; Biology study (UCV, Fac. de 

Ciencias, Caracas). 

Apr 1978-Mar 1979: Puerto Ayacucho and 

vicinity (Paria Grande) (with M. GUARIGLIA, fungi; with B. GAROFALO and M. 

Guar iglia) . 

Publication: Guariglia and Iturriaga, 1980. 

Jaffee, Werner 

1914- ; Venez.; Biochemist (UCV, Fac. de 

Ciencias, Caracas). 

5-21 Aug 1964: Puerto Ayacucho, Rio Atabapo, Rio Orinoco, Rio Cunucunuma, Rio 

Ocamo (with V. VARESCHI). 

JAHN, ALFREDO 

1867-1 940; Venez.; Naturalist, geologist. 

Oct 1887: Upper Rio Orinoco, Atures, San 

Fernando de Atabapo (trip interrupted at 

San Fernando de Atabapo due to illness). 

Notes: According to Arnal (1943), Jahn made 

his first plant collections on this expedition, which was conducted by the Venezuelan ethnologist and agronomist Vicente Marcano. His collections were studied by Adolfo Ernst and the results published in a short paper (Ernst, 1888). Jahn 

was actually the first Venezuelan naturalist 

collecting plants in T. I?. Amazonas. 

Publications: Ernst, 1888; Jahn, 1909a,b. 

1938- ; Belg.; Anthropologist, photographer, 

botanist. 

Aug? 1973: Mountains around Cano Iguana 

[right affluent of Rio Asita, upper Ventuari basin], 1800 m. 

JANGOUX, JACQUES IVAN G. 

Few nrs.; MYF. 

Notes: Collected Arthrostjiidiun schomburgkii 

(Bennett) Munro during this trip, which 

was primarily devoted to the study of the 

life of Hoti Indians. 

9-23 Apr 1974: San Juan de Manapiare, Cerro 

Calentura [= Cerro Ualipano, headwaters 

of Rio Parucito; by helicopter], Hato Yavi 

[lower Rio Parucito], Cano Majagua [left 

affluent of lower Rio Parucito]. 

Nrs. 10,OO 1- 10,159?; VEN, NY?. 

Notes: Aim of the expedition: nature photography documented by botanical voucher 

specimens. 

Jimenez, Hernan 

195?- ; Venez.; Pharmacy student (UCV, Fac. 

de Farmacia, Caracas). 

19-23 Jul 1977: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity; 

Isla Raton (with S. TILLETT and 0. 

Huber). 

Jordan 

This name cited by Prance (1972, Flora Neotropica, volume 9, page 127) as collector of 

Licania hjpoleuca var. hjpoleuca [“AMAZONAS: Jordan s.n., VEN-Nr. 87,090”] 

refers actually to a collection of Foldats, 

s.n.[?], from Santa Cruz, Rio Atabapo, Sep 

1960. 
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Keith, William M., Jr. 

1934- ; U.S.; Botany student (New York Botanical Garden). 

1 1 Sep-I5 Oct 1957: Upper Rio Orinoco, Rio 

Atabapo, Rio Guainia, Rio Casiquiare, Rio 

Pacimoni (with B. MAGUIRE, J.J. Wurdack, 

and C.K. Maguire). 

King, Martin M. 

19??- ; U.S.; 

20 Jun 1977: San Juan de Manapiare, Yutaje 

(with J.A. STEYERMARK and P. Redmond). 

19??- ; Germ.; Plant ecologist (Max-PlanckInstitut fur Limnologie, Abt. Tropenokologie, Plon, Fed. Rep. of Germany). 

1974-1981: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

surroundings; IVIC study sites. 

Occasional collections with E. MEDINA; 

VEN. 

Klinge, Hans 

LASI, MARGIE 

1959- ; Venez.; Limnologist (Univ. “Simon 

Bolivar,” Caracas). 

26 Oct 1982: Rio Autana. 

Nrs. 001-006; VEN. 

LASSER, TOB~AS 

Caracas). 

191 1- ; Venez.; Botanist (Instituto Botanico, 

Dec 1958: Upper Ventuari (with Dryer). 

1 specimen at VEN (Dicranopjgium bolivarense Harl., Lasser & Dryer 4311, 19 Dec 

1958) [doubtful locality]. 

1901-1983; Belg.; Explorer. 

10 May-9 Jun 1952: Expedition to upper Orinoco, Rio Negro, and Rio Autana [Expedition “Elata”]. 

LEOPOLD 111, KING OF BELGIUM 

Itinerary: 

10-1 1 May 1952: Caracas to Puerto Ayacucho 

12 May 1952: Esmeralda. 

13-14 May 1952: Esmeralda to Platanal. 

15 May 1952: Platanal to Majekodo, and re16 May 1952: Platanal, Esmeralda, mouth of 

to Esmeralda [by airplane]. 

turn to Platanal. 

Rio Cunucunuma. 

17 May 1952: Rio Cunucunuma, Jakare [Rau18 May 1952: Jakare, mouth of Rio Cunucun19 May 1952: Mouth of Rio Cunucunuma to 

20 May 1952: Mouth of Casiquiare, Capibara. 

2 1-22 May 1952: Capibara, San Carlos de Rio 

Negro. 

22 May 1952: San Carlos de Rio Negro, San 

Felipe [Colombia], Santa Rosa de Amanadona. 

23-25 May 1952: Santa Rosa de Amanadona, 

El Carmen, Piedra del Cucuy [ascent], San 

Carlos de Rio Negro. 

dal Picure]. 

uma. 

mouth of Rio Casiquiare. 

25-28 May 1952: San Carlos de Rio Negro. 

29 May 1952: San Carlos de Rio Negro, Rio 

Guainia. 

30 May-I Jun 1952: Rio Guainia, Cano Pimichin, Yavita. 

2 Jun 1952: Yavita, San Fernando de Atabapo, 

Amanaven, El Castillito [Rio Orinoco]. 

3-4 Jun 1952: El Castillito, Isla Raton, Rio 

Autana. 

5 Jun 1952: Rio Autana, Raudal Pereza. 

6 Jun 1952: Caho Umaj-Aje (affluent of Rio 

7 Jun 1952: Rio Autana, lower Rio Cuao. 

8-9 Jun 1952: Rio Autana, Puerto Ayacucho. 

Publication: Anonymous, s.d. [ 1956?] [photograph no. 68 showing botanical collecting 

along Rio Autana]. 

Au tana). 

Nrs. coll.?; BR? 

LEVEL YANABE, JosE SILVERIO 

1929- ; Venez.; Expedition guide. 

19 Apr-12 Sep 1954: Upper Orinoco, region 

of San Fernando de Atabapo. 

155 nrs.; NY, VEN. 

Notes: Resident of San Fernando de Atabapo 

and, recently, Puerto Ayacucho; guide on 

most of B. Maguire’s expeditions in T. F. 

Amazonas; has made occasional botanical 

collections for B. Maguire (NY). Some of 

the numbers are preceded by “L-.” 

LICHY, EVELINE 

19??- ; French; ? 
NUMBER 56 47 

Aug-Sep 1937: Yavita. 

Approximately 25-30 nrs.; VEN, P? 

LIESNER, RONALD 

1944- ; U.S.; Botanist (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis). 

10 ru’ov-5 Dec 1977: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

and surroundings, IVIC study sites (partly 

with H. Clark). 

Nrs. 3275-4200. 

3 Apr- 12 May 1979: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

and surroundings (IVIC study sites). 

20 Jan-5 Feb 1980: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

Nrs. 6066-7397. 

and surroundings (partly with H. Clark). 

Nrs. 8462-9 143. 

15-17 Feb 1981: Ocamo, Esmeralda, Cerro 

Marahuaca, Cerro Duida, Cerro Sipapo, 

Puerto Ayacucho (with J.A. STEYERMARK 

and C. Brewer-Carias). 

26 Mar 1981: Yutaje (with P. Redmann 

[wrongly cited on labels for Redmond] 

and C. Clift). 

Nrs. 10,955-10,995. 

All collections VEN, MO; dupl. at NY. 

Publication: Clark and Liesner, in prep. 

1954- ; Brit.; Ethnobotanist. 

Sep 1975-Aug 1976: Rio Ventuari upstream 

from Las Carmelitas, middle and upper 

Rio Ventuari basin, Rio Manapiare basin 

(with M.E.M. Colchester). 

Nrs. 1-750 approximately, Lister & ColChester. 

Nrs. 200 1-2700 approximately, Colchester 

& Lister. 

MYF, K, VEN, St. Bartholomew’s Medical 

College, London. 

Notes: “Proyecto Ventuari,” supported by CODESUR and UCV. Ethnobotanical research on Guahibo, Hohontu, Hoti, Makiritari, Piaroa, Sanema, and Yavarani Indians. 

LISTER, JOHN R.A. 

Publication: Colchester and Lister, ms. 

1938- ; French; Ethnologist, anthropologist. 

1969-present: Upper Orinoco, region of 

LIZOT, JACQUES 

Ocamo, Mavaca, Platanal (Mahekodoteri), Rio Manaviche. 

Approximately ZOO? nrs.; VEN, P? 

Jan 1970: Mavaca (with L. ARISTEGUIETA). 

Notes: Mainly cultivated plants and useful wild 

plants of Yanomami Indians. In some 

cases, a compound numbering system is 

used: e.g., 1972-18, or 1975-41, indicating in the first term the year of collection. 

Publications: Lizot, 1972, 1978, 1980. 

1923?-1949?; Colomb.; Expedition guide, 

field assistant. 

Dec 1947: San Carlos de Rio Negro, mouth of 

Cano Casiquiare, Piedra Cocuy (with R.E. 

SCHULTES). 

Lbpez, Francisco 

LUETZELBURG, PHILIPP VON 

1880-1948; Germ.; Botanist, explorer. 

5-9 Oct 1928: Rio Cassiquiare [Brazilian spelling for Casiquiare] (Laja de Caraca, Buenos Ayres), Esmeralda. 

Nrs. ? ; M, R. NY, F. 

Notes: According to Prance (197 I), Luetzelburg was a mainly Brazilian collector with 

the “Commissao Rondon, Inspeccao de 

Fronteiras do Brad.” According to Pittier 

et al. (1 945-1 947), Luetzelburg collected 

several new palm species on this trip, described by Burret in 1030; the collection 

numbers cited in Pittier for these palms 

range between 22,297 (from Esmeralda) 

and 23,150 (from Solano); accordingly, 

Luetzelburg would have collected more 

than 850 nrs. on a short trip into Venezuela of only 5 days, which appears somewhat improbable. Evidently, Luetzelburg’s numerical sequence is irregular and 

does not conform to his itinerary nor sequence of dates in Venezuela. 

Luteyn, James 

1948- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical 

Garden). 

27 Jan-11 Feb 1982: Culehra, Rio Cunucunuma, Cerro Marahuaca, Cerro Duida, 

Cerro Huachamacari (with J.A. STEYERMARK, M. Guariglia, N. Holmgren, and S. 
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Mori). 

Notes: Specialist in neotropical Ericaceae. 

MAAS, PAUL JOHANNES MARIA 

1939- ; Dutch; Botanist (Univ. of Utrecht, 

3-6 Nov 1980: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

Inst. of Systematic Botany). 

(with 0. Huber and F. Guanchez). 

Nrs. 5079-5164; VEN, U. 

8 Nov 1980: Salto Yutaje (with P. Redmond, 

J.A. Steyermark and A. Field). 

Nrs. 5165-5180; VEN, U. 

Notes: Specialist in neotropical Burmanniaceae, Gentianaceae, Zingiberaceae, and 

Cannaceae. 

MAGDEFRAU, KARL 

1907- ; Germ.; Botanist (Univ. of Tubingen, 

Fed. Rep. Germany). 

6 Jan-14 Feb 1958: Upper Orinoco, Esmeralda, Rio Ocamo, Casiquiare, Rio Negro, 

Rio Guainia, Cano Pimichin, Yavita, Rio 

Atabapo, Rio Orinoco (phanerograms 

with V. VARESCHI). 

Nrs. 113-298; M, VEN, private herbarium 

K. Magdefrau. 

Notes: Member of the “Humboldt-GedachtnisExpedition” [ Humboldt Memorial Expedition]; own collections refer mainly to 

cryptograms (mosses, hepatics, and lichens). 

Publications: Magdefrau 1958, 1960, 1963, 

1973; Vareschi, 1959; Magdefrau and 

Wutz 1961, 1962. 

MAGUIRE, BASSETT (Map 5) 

1904- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical 

15 Nov 1948-1 5 Mar 1949: Rio Cuao, Cerro 

Garden). 

Sipapo (Paraque) (with L. Politi). 

Nrs. 27,305-29,039. 

18 Apr-21 May 1949: Cerro Duida, Cerro 

Marahuaca [lower slopes] (with B. Maguire, Jr.). 

Nrs. 29,040-29,22 1. 

Nrs. 29,222-29,345. 

17-26 Oct 1950: Rio Atabapo. 

2 Nov 1950-21 Jan 1951: Cerro Duida, Cerro 

Huachamacari, Cerro Yapacana, Cerro 

Moriche (with R.S. Cowan and J.J. Wurdack). 

Nrs. 29,346-3 1,35 1. 

23 Jan-5 Feb 1951: Cerro Guanay (with K.D. 

Phelps, C.B. Hitchcock, G. Budowski, and 

W.H. Phelps, Jr.). 

Nrs. 3 1,600-3 1,789. 

12-17 Feb 1951: Cerro Camani (with K. D. 

Phelps, C.B. Hitchcock, G. Budowski, and 

W.H. Phelps, Jr.). 

Nrs. 3 1,790-83 1. 

Nrs. 3 1,832-3 1,836. 

4 Mar 195 1 : Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity. 

27 Jan-9 Mar 1953: Cerro Yutaje (with C. 

Maguire). 

Nrs. 35,000-35,539. 

15 Mar-24 Apr 1953: Upper Rio Orinoco, 

Rio Casiquiare, Rio Negro down to Piedra 

Cocui, Rio Guainia (with J.J. Wurdack and 

C. Maguire). 

Nrs. 34,478-34,999, 35,540-35,736. 

7 Nov 1953-18 Feb 1954: Rio Orinoco, Rio 

Atabapo, Rio Casiquiare, Rio Guainia, Rio 

Pacimoni, Rio Yatua, Cerro Neblina (with 

J.J. Wurdack and G.S. Bunting). 

Nrs. 36,031-37,714. 

11 Sep-16 Oct 1957: Upper Rio Orinoco, Rio 

Atabapo, Rio Guainia, Rio Casiquiare, Rio 

Pacimoni (with J.J. Wurdack, C. Maguire, 

and W.M. Keith, Jr.). 

Nrs. 41,428-41,923. 

17 Oct 1957-14 Jan 1958: Rio Pacimoni, Rio 

YatGa, Cerro de la Neblina, upper Rio 

Orinoco (with J.J. Wurdack and C. Maguire). 

Nrs. 41,924-42,655. 

28 Oct 1965-7 Feb 1966: Cerro de la Neblina, 

Venezuelan-Brazilian frontier (with J. 

Murfa Pires, J.A. Steyermark, C. Maguire, N.T. da Silva, and U. Brazao). 

15 Jan 1981: Cerro Marahuaca [summit], 

Cerro Sipapo (with J.A. Steyermark, C. 

Maguire, and C. Brewer-Carias). 

Nrs. 65,563-65,701,65,711-65,712 [Cerro 

Marahuaca]. 65,702-65,710 [Cerro SiNrs. 60,052-6 1,001. 

papol. 
NUMBER 56 49 

D 62 

/AR 

zoo 

ESCALA GRAFICA 

L 

68O 67' 66O 65O 64' 

MAP 5.-Exploration by Maguire and colleagues (New York Botanical Garden), 1948-1 98 1 

(clustered dots = intensive collecting). 
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

All collections: NY, VEN; dupl. at US, MO, 

F, U, K, BM and others. 

Notes: Head of the largest botanical collecting 

program in T. F. Amazonas (“New York 

Botanical Garden’s Exploration Program 

of the Flora of the Guayana Highland”), 

during which approximately 11,800 nrs. 

were collected from this region. The dates 

cited here for each expedition were furnished by B. Maguire in 1982 and differ 

slightly in some cases from those given in 

Maguire, 1954. More extensive data will 

be published later by Maguire. 

Publications: Anonymous, 1949; Lasser and 

Maguire, 1950; Maguire and Deery de 

Phelps, 195 1 ; Maguire and collaborators, 

1953, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1964, 

1965,1967, 1969,1972,1978,1981; Maguire, 1955, 1964a,b, 1970, 1979; Maguire and Wurdack, 1959, 1960. 

Maguire, Bassett, Jr. 

19??- ; C.S.; Biologist. 

18 Apr-2 1 May 1949: Cerro Duida and Cerro 

Marahuaca (with B. MAGUIRE). 

Maguire, Celia K. 

1919- ; U.S.; B. Maguire’s wife (New York 

Botanical Garden). 

27 Jan-9 Mar 1953: Cerro Yutaje (with B. 

MAGUIRE). 

15 Mar-24 Apr 1953: Upper Rio Orinoco, 

Rio Casiquiare, Rio Negro down to Piedra 

Cocui, and Rio Guainia (with B. MAGUIRE 

and J.J. Wurdack). 

11 Sep-16 Oct 1957: Upper Rio Orinoco, Rio 

Atabapo, Rio Guainia, Rio Casiquiare, Rio 

Pacinioni (with B. MAGUIRE, J.J. Wurdack, 

and W.M. Keith, Jr.). 

17 Oct 1957-14 Jan 1958: Rio Pacimoni, Rio 

YatGa, Cerro de la Neblina and upper Rio 

Orinoco (with B. MAGUIRE and J.J. Wurdack). 

15 Jan 1981: Cerro Marahuaca [summit], 

Cerro Sipapo (with B. MAGUIRE, J.A. Steyermark, and C. Brewer-Carias). 

MANARA, BRUNO 

1939- ; Venez.; Botanical artist (Instituto Botanico, Caracas). 

25-27 Mar 1971: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

and vicinity, road to Solano. 

From about nrs. 140-200; VEN. 

MARCANO-BERTI, LUIS 

1940- ; Venez.; Forestry botanist (ULA, Fac. 

7-9 Dec 1976: Puerto Ayacucho, Samariapo, 

de Ciencias Forestales, Merida). 

Isla Raton. 

Nrs. 1-12/76-28-12/76; MER, VEN. 

1 1-1 7 Mar 1979: San Carlos de Rio NegroSolano (with P. Salcedo). 

Nrs. 

36-60/979: San Carlos and vicinity (1 1 Mar 

6 1-76/979: Road San Carlos-Solano (1 2 

77-96/979: Road San Carlos-Solano (1 3 

97-1 09/979: Road San Carlos-Solano (1 4 

110-133/979: San Carlos and vicinity (15 

134-1 45/979: San Carlos and vicinity (bana 

146- 149/979: San Carlos and vicinity (for150/979: San Felipe [Colombia] (16 Mar). 

MER. 

Kotes: Specialist in Venezuelan Vochysiaceae; 

Marcano-Berti uses a compound numbering system referring to the date (month 

and/or year) of collection. 

1979). 

Mar). 

Mar). 

Mar). 

Mar). 

scrub) (1 6 Mar). 

est) (16 Mar). 

MATOS, FELIPE 

1933- ; Venez.; Botanist (Sociedad de Ciencias 

Naturales La Salle, Caracas). 

27 Mar-7 Apr 1958: San Juan de Manapiare 

and vicinity, Cerro Morrocoy (with Hno. 

Ant on io) . 

168 nrs.; La Salle, Caracas, US. 

Notes: “Expedicion de la Sociedad de Ciencias 

Naturales La Salle al Territorio Amazona s . ” 

Publication: Jam Lander, 1958. 

1938- ; Venez.; Plant ecophysiologist (UCV, 

Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas; since 1970 

IVIC-Centro de Ecologia, Caracas). 

MEDINA, ERNESTO 
NUMBER 56 51 

16 Apr-6 May 1968: Rio Negro, Brazo Casiquiare, Esmeralda, Rio Orinoco, Santa 

Barbara, San Fernando de Atabapo, Isla 

Raton, Puerto Ayacucho. 

Nrs. 247-5 12; VEN. 

Notes: Member of the “Geographical Magazine Aniazonas Expedition by Hovercraft.” 

Publication: Medina, 197 1. 

22 Jan-25 Feb 1969: Esmeralda, Cerro Duida, 

Brazo Casiquiare (with M. FARINAS and J. 

Velasquez). 

Notes: Leader of the “Expedicion Cientifica

AsoVAC al Alto Orinoco.” 

Publication: Medina, 1969. 

Feb 1971: Rio Atabapo, from San Fernando 

up to Guarinuma. 

Approximately 50) nrs.; VEN. 

Sep 1973-1 982: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

vicinity (IVIC study sites; some collections 

Lvith H. Klinge). 

? nrs.; VEN [approximately 100-200 nrs.?]. 

6-1 1 Feb 1981: Rio Siapa, Rio Pacimoni, 

Cerro Aracamuni, Cano Pimichin (with 0. 

HURER). 

Notes: The botanical collections of E. Medina 

after 197 1 do not have numbers (only s/n 

= sin nuniero), his field notebooks having 

been lost during a shipwreck in Lake Maracai bo. 

Publications: Referring to his collecting activities in San Carlos de Rio Negro: Klinge 

et al., 1977; Medina et al., 1977; Herrera 

et al., 1978; Klinge and Medina, 1979. 

1957- ; Venez.; Agronomist (MARNR, Zone 

10, Puerto Ayacucho). 

12-15 Aug 1982: Rio Orinoco, from San Fernando de Atabapo to Tamatama (with F. 

GUANCHEZ). 

Ministerio del Anibiente y de 10s Recursos Naturales Renovables (MARNR) [Ministry of 

Environment and Renewable Natural Resources] 

Created 1 Apr 1977, as one of the main institutions replacing the former Ministerio de 

Obras Publicas (MOP), with two organiMercado, Leyda 

zational structures: 

Central organization with four General Directions (in Caracas): 

Direccibn General de Inforniacoh e Investigacion del Ambiente (DGIIA) [to which 

CODESUR was annexed from 1977- 

19791. 

Direccih General de Planificacion y Ordenaci6n del Ambiente (DGPOA). 

Direccion General de Infraestructura (DGI). 

Direccion General de Administracion del 

Ambiente (DGAA). 

Regional organization wth 14 regional offices 

(“Zonas administrativas”). Territorio Federal Aniazonas is administered by the 

“Zona 10” in Puerto Ayacucho. 

Personnel of MARNR involved with botanical 

collecting in T. F. Aniazonas (1 Apr 1977- 

31 Dec 1982): Hector Canales, Americo 

Catalan , Julio Cerda, Luis Chesney, Francisco Guanchez, Otto Huber, Leyda Mercado, Ramo Molina, Pedro Pinate, Carlos Rangel. 

Ministerio de Obras Publicas (MOP) [Ministry of 

Public Works] 

Governmental institution to which the Comisi6n para el Desarrollo del Sur de Venezuela (CODESUR), q.v., has been attached 

since its creation 3 Jul 1969. 

The Ministerio de Obras Publicas was transformed into three new ministries on 1 Apr 

1977: 

Ministerio del Ambiente y de 10s Recursos 

Naturales Renovables (MARNR), 9.v. 

Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones 

Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano (MINMolina Araque, Jorge see Araque Molina, Jorge 

MOLINA, RAMON 

195)- ; Venez.; Forestry technician (MARNR, 

Zone 10, Puerto Ayacucho). 

2 1 Jul-28 Sep 198 1 : Forests of Galipero (north 

of Puerto Ayacucho). 

51 irregularly numbered nrs.; MER, VEN, 

Regional Herbarium of MARNR at 

Puerto Ayacucho. 

(MTC) 

DUR). 
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Notes: Voucher specimens of wood collections 

for studies on physical-mechanical properties. 

Monachino, Joseph Vincent 

191 1-1962; U.S.; Botanist (New York BotanDec 1955: Middle Orinoco north of Puerto 

Notes: Specialist on Apocynaceae of the New 

ical Garden). 

Ayacucho (with J.J. WURDACK). 

World. 

MONDOLFI, EDGARDO 

cias, Caracas). 

upper Orinoco. 

19 18- ; Venez.; Zoologist (UCV, Fac. de CienMay 1975: Cano Platanal [Platanal Mission], 

3 nrs.; VEN. 

13-23 Nov 1980: Rio Atabapo, Cano Atacavi, 

Cano Caname (with P. PINATE). 

MONOD, JEAN 

193?- ; French; Ethnographer. 

20 Dec 1976-10 Jan 1977: Lower and upper 

Rio Cuao [Purei’do]. 

Nrs. 1-103, 165-169; MYF, P. 

Notes: Ethnobotanical research with Piaroa 

Indians. Nrs. 104-164 were not used. 

1940- ; Venez.; Chemist (ULA, Fac. de FarJun 1980: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings, 

Morales M., Antonio 

macia, Merida). 

Gavilan (with A. CARABOT). 

Mori, Scott 

1941- ; US.; Botanist (New York Botanical 

Garden). 

27 Jan-11 Feb 1982: Culebra, Rio Cunucunuma, Cerro Marahuaca, Cerro Duida, 

Cerro Huachamacari (with J.A. STEYERMARK, M. Guariglia, N. Holmgren, and J. 

L uteyn). 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Lecythidaceae. 

MORILLO, GILBERTO 

1944- ; Venez.; Botanist (Instituto Botanico, 

Caracas). 

5-9 May 1973: Puerto Ayacucho, Laguna Asisa (Cerro Asisa o Paru), San Juan de 

Manapiare (with Jesus Hoyos). 

Nrs. 3 156-3 195; VEN. 

22-29 Sep 1973: Puerto Ayacucho, Sanariapo, 

mouth of Rio Cuao, Rio Sipapo near 

mouth of Rio Cuao, mouth of Rio Guayapo, 14-1 6 km above mouth of Rio Guayapo, 2-3 km up Rio Cuao, Isla Raton, 

Puerto Ayacucho, Cerro Zamuro and 

Cerro Coromoto 35 km southeast of 

Puerto Ayacucho, Raudal de Atures, 

mouth of Rio Cataniapo (with M. Ishikawa). 

Nrs. 3406-3663; VEN. 

23-30 Apr 1974: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

and vicinity, road to Solano, Rio Casiquiare between Chapazon and Guirape 

west of Solano; between Isla Paleta and 

Cano of the “division” west and south of 

Santa Lucia [near the Colombia-Venezuela-Brazil frontier], vicinity of San Simon 

de Cocuy, Puerto Ayacucho (with B. de 

Morillo and C. Wood). 

Nrs. 3884-4224; VEN. 

1-9 Feb 1977: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

vicinity, road to Solano, Rio Guainia from 

Raudal del Lombriz to Brazo Casiquiare, 

Isla Chamanare on Rio Casiquiare (some 

collections with N. Villa and with M. Hasegawa). 

Nrs. 4987-5585; VEN. 

16-26 Nov 1977: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings (Gavilan, Cano Carinagua), 

Puerto Venado [south of Samariapo]; Rio 

Sipapo (Marida, Laja Terecay, Laja de 

Tonina, Laja de Garza, Cano Vaca, Pica 

de levantamiento forestal # 3 to 10 km 

south of Laja de Garza, Pica de levantamiento forestal # 4 to 6 km north of Laja 

de Garza, Laja Rana), Rio Orinoco between Isla Raton and Puerto Venado 

(with A. Trujillo). 

Nrs. 6632-7 106; VEN. 

Notes: Botanical collections made as part of a 

Forest Inventory sponsored by MARNRCODESUR in the “Reserva Forestal del 

Sipapo” under the direction of A. Catalin. 

Apr 1978: Rio Orinoco, San Fernando de 

Atabapo, Patacame, Santa Birbara del 

Orinoco (with N. Suarez and J. Camico). 
NUMBER 56 53 

Approximately 200 ? nrs.; VEN. 

Notes: Botanical collections made as part of a 

study on secondary vegetation in “conuCOS” and other cultivated areas in T. F. 

Amazonas, conducted by N. Suarez (CODESUR); notebooks of this trip have been 

lost. G. Morillo is a specialist in Venezuelan Asclepiadaceae and Apocynaceae. 

Morillo, Beatriz de 

19??- ; Venez.; wife of G. Morillo. 

23-30 Apr 1974: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

and vicinity (with G. MORILLO and C. 

Wood). 

Narbaiza, Ifiigo 

19??- ; Venez.; Photographer (UCV, Fac. de 

22-26 Feb 1982; Puerto Ayacucho and vicinCiencias, Caracas). 

ity (with R. ORTIZ). 

ORT~Z Q., RAFAEL E. 

1957- ; Venez.; Botany student (UCV, Fac. de 

Ciencias, Caracas). 

22-26 Feb 1982: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, between Gavilan and Las Pavas (with 

I. Narbaiza). 

Nrs. 16-44; VEN. 

PANNIER, FEDERICO 

1934- ; Venez.; Botanist, plant ecologist 

28 June-22 Ju1 1958: Alto Orinoco expedition 

(UCV, Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas). 

(with W. Schwabe). 

Itinerary : 

Nrs. 

9 16-9 18: Puerto Paez to Puerto Ayacucho, 

28 Jun 1958. 

9 19-948: Puerto Ayacucho, Raudales de 

Atures, mouth of Rio Cataniapo, 29 Jun 

1958. 

949-966: Mision de Coromoto, 1 Jul 1958. 

967-976: Rio Orinoco, Isla La Paloma, 3 

977-997: Rio Orinoco, above Isla Raton, 4 

998- 10 12: San Pedro, 4 Jul 1958. 

1013-1037: Ciquita [=Siquita], 5 Ju1 1958. 

Ju1 1958 

Jul 1958. 

1037a: San Fernando de Atabapo, 6 Jul 

1038-1040: Trapichote, 7 Jul 1958. 

1041-1051, 1061: Santa Barbara, 8 Ju1 

1052-1060: Caridad, 9 Jul 1958. 

1062-1069: San Antonio, 10 Jul 1958. 

1070-1075: Guanami, 10 Ju1 1958. 

1076-1093: Esmeralda, 13 Jul 1958. 

1094-1 112: Ocamo (N-jewheteri), 14 Jul 

1 1 13- 1 134: San Fernando de Atabapo, 18 

1135-1 155: Punta Ceiba, 19 Ju1 1958. 

1 156- 1 165: Puerto Ayacucho, 20-22 Ju1 

1166-1 175: Mision Coromoto, 22 Jul 1958. 

VEN. 

Notes: Collection of plants for pharmaceutical 

research at the chemical factory of Dr. 

Willmar Schwabe in Karlsruhe, Fed. Rep. 

of Germany. 

Dr. Pannier made a film (8 mm ) of the 

expedition. Total duration of the expedition: 20 Jun 1958 (Caicara), 14 Jul 1958 

(Ocamo), 28 Jul 1958 (Caicara); total nrs. 

collected: Nrs. 839-1 189. 

1958. 

1958. 

1958. 

Ju1 1958. 

1958. 

PARRA RONDON, ROMELIA 

1949- ; Venez.; Botanist. (UCV, Fac. de 

Agronomia, Maracay). 

8-28 Aug 1982: Samariapo, Santa Barbara, 

San Carlos de Rio Negro, Isla Boulton 

(Rio Guainia). 

Nrs. 1-21; MY. 

Notes: Botanical excursion to T. F. Amazonas 

of members of the Botany Department of 

UCV, Fac. de Agronomia, Maracay (see 

also T. Ruiz Zapata). 

PHELPS, KATHLEEN DEERY DE 

1908- ; Venez.; Explorer, artist. 

Feb 1946: Cerro Paraque (Sipapo), west slopes 

and extreme western summit. 

Nrs. 1-63; VEN, NY?. 

1-3 Mar 1947: Cerro Yavi, 1400-2400 m 

(with W.H. Phelps, Jr. and C.B. Hitchcock). 

Nrs. 1-82 [nr. 82 from Puerto Ayacucho]; 
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

NY, VEN. 

Phelps, Jr., and C.B. Hitchcock). 

Jan 1949: Cerro Paru (Asisa) (with W.H. 

? nrs; VEN, NY. 

23 Jan-5 Feb 1951: Cerro Guanay (with B. 

MAGUIRE, C.B. Hitchcock, G. Budowski, 

and W.H. Phelps, Jr.). 

12-1 7 Feb 195 1: Cerro Camani (with B. MAGUIRE, C.B. Hitchcock, G. Budowski, and 

W.H. Phelps, Jr.). 

Publications: Hitchcock, 1947; 1948; Lasser 

and Maguire, 1950; Maguire and Phelps, 

1951. 

PINATE M., PEDRO 

1957- ; Venez.; Zoological field assistant 

(MARNR, Zone 10, Puerto Ayacucho). 

13-23 Nov 1980: Cano Atacavi, Rio Atabapo, 

Cano Caname (with E. Mondolfi). 

Nrs. 1000-1054 [Rio Atabapo, Cano Atacavi, 13-19 Nov 19801 + 11 nrs. [sun.; 

Cano Caname, 20-22 Nov 19801. 

VEN. 

7-12 Oct 1982: Cano Cotua, lower slopes of 

west side of Cerro Yapacana. 

Approximately 35 nrs.; Regional Herbarium of MARNR, Puerto Ayacucho, VEN. 

1926- ; Colomb.; Botanist (Herbario Nacional 

Colombiano, Bogota). 

18 Mar 1971: Raudal de Atures, El Zamuro 

[vicinity of Puerto Ayacucho] (with C. 

Sastre). 

PLOWMAN, TIMOTHY 

PINTO E., POLIDORO 

Nrs. 1350-1392; COL, P. 

1944- ; U.S.; Botanist (Field Museum of Nat20-23 Feb 1979: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinural History, Chicago). 

ity. 

Nrs. 7686-7764; VEN, F, U. US, NY. 

Notes: Specialist on neotropical Erythroxylaceae. 

Politi, Louis 

19 16-1 972; U.S.; Horticulturist (New York 

Botanical Garden). 

15 Nov 1948-15 Mar 1949: Rio Cuao, Cerro 

Sipapo (Paraque) (with B. MAGUIRE). 

Notes: Collected mainly living plants for The 

New York Botanical Garden. 

Pulido F., Juan R. 

1926- ; Venez.; Entomological technician 

(Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, 

Maracay). 

18-29 Mar 1979: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity (with B. TRUJILLO). 

PUTZ, FRANCIS E. 

1952- ; U.S.; Plant ecologist (Cornell Univer10 May-20 Aug 1978: San Carlos de Rio 

sity, Ithaca, U.S.A.). 

Negro and vicinity. 

Nrs. 1-300; BH, VEN. 

Notes: Collected mainly lianas and palms. 

Publications: Putz, 1979, in press. 

19??- ; Fin].; Plant anatomist (Univ. of Helsinki, Finland). 

5-10 Jan 1978: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings (with 0. HUBER and L. Cirdenas de Guevara). 

Pyykko, Maire 

Rangel U., Carlos 

195 1- ; Venez.; Forester (MARNR-CODE16 Feb 1979: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

SUR, Zone 10, Puerto Ayacucho). 

(with 0. HUBER). 

Redmond, Parker 

19??- ; U.S.; Amateur botanist. 

28 Dec 1976: Canaripo (with J.A. STEYERMARK). 

2 Mar 1977: Canaripo (with J.A. STEYERMARK 

and G. Heny). 

4 May 1977: Puerto Ayacucho, Tobogan de la 

Selva (with J.A. STEYERMARK and 0. 

Huber). 

11 Jun 1977: Puerto Ayacucho, Gavilan (with 

J.A. STEYERMARK, P. Berry, and 0. 

H u ber). 

20 Jun 1977: San Juan de Manapiare, Yutaje 

(with J.A. STEYERMARK and M. King). 

30 Apr 1978: Yutaje, Cano Coro-coro (with 

J. A. STEY ERMARK). 

12 May 1978: Santa Barbara, lower Rio Ventuari (with J.A. STEYERMARK, 0.Huber, 

and P. Berry). 

22 Feb 1979: Yutaje, Cano Coro-coro (with 
NUMBER 56 55 

J.A. STEYERMARK and M. Griot). 

P. Maas, and A. Field). 

Clift). 

mond’s private aircraft. 

8 Nov 1980: Yutaje (with J.A. STEYERMARK, 

26 Mar 1981: Yutaje (with R. LIESNER and C. 

Notes: One-day field trips made in Mr. RedReyes Q., E.A. 

195 1- ; Venez.; Pharmacy student (UCV, Fac. 

de Farmacia, Caracas). 

28 Jan-8 Feb 1975: Esmeralda and base of 

Cerro Duida (with N. FERRIGNI and C.J. 

Zorrilla). 

Rodriguez, Henry 

1945- ; Venez.; Forestry botanist (ULA, Fac. 

de Ciencias Forestales, Merida). 

28 Mar-1 Apr 1971: Puerto Ayacucho, San 

Fernando de Atabapo, Rio Atabapo 

(Cano Masagua, Isla Sapo) (with L. RUIZTERAN). 

ROGERS, GEORGE K. 

1952- ; US.; Botanist (Univ. of Michigan, Ann 

Arbor). 

25 Feb-4 Mar 1978: Puerto Ayacucho, Solano, San Carlos de Rio Negro, Rio Atabapo. 

Nrs. 13-44; MICH, NY, VEN, U. 

Notes: Collected mainly Henriquezia and Platy 

carpum. 

1-20 Nov 1979: Puerto Ayacucho, Cerro Yapacana [base and summit], Maroa, Rio 

Temi, Rio Atabapo. 

Nrs. 54-102; MICH, NY, VEN, some at U. 

Notes: Collected mainly Gleasonia, Hen riquezia, 

Publications: Rogers, 198 la, in press. 

19??- ; Venez.; Chemist (UCV, Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas). 

15-27 Feb 1978: Savannas and forests at west 

base of Cerro Yapacana (with S. TILLETT 

and 0. Huber). 

and Pla tjca rpum. 

Rojas, AnibaI C. 

ROMERO, GUSTAVO 

195?- ; Venez.; Ecologist (Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, Fondo Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (FONAIAP), 

Puerto Ayacucho). 

1982: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings. 

Few nrs. [irregular collections, mainly orchids]; Herbario Regional del MARNR, 

Puerto Ayacucho. 

Rooden, Jan van 

1942- ; Dutch; Botanist (Univ. of Utrecht, 

Netherlands). 

6-1 9 Ju1 1969: Puerto Ayacucho, Sanariapo, 

Rio Atabapo, Yavita, Pimichin, Maroa, 

Rio Guainia, Cano Casiquiare (with G. S. 

BUNTING and L.M.A. Akkermans). 

Rucci, Ivana 

195?- ; Ital.; Ethnomedicine (visiting scientist). 

22-27 Ju1 1982: Platanal (Mahekodotheri) 

(with S. SALAROLI). 

RUIZ TERAN, LUIS 

1923-1979; Venez.; Botanist (ULA, Fac. de 

Ciencias Forestales, Merida (until 1968), 

Fac. de Farmacia, Merida (1 969- 1979). 

25 Jul-4 Aug 1967: Puerto Ayacucho and 

vicinity, Isla Rat&. 

Nrs. 

4268-43 12: Carinahua [Carinagua], 25 Jul 

43 13-4401 : Montana Fria, 26-28 Jul 1969. 

4402-4429: Isla Raton, 29 Jul 1969. 

4430-4467: Cerro Piapoco, 200-400 m, 

12- 13 km south of Puerto Ayacucho, 3 1 

Ju1 1969. 

4468-45 12: Vicinity of Puerto Ayacucho, 1 

Aug 1969. 

4512a-4546: Pozo Azul, 1 Aug 1969. 

4546a-4593: Cataniapo, 4 Aug 1969. 

MER, VEN. 

MERF. 

Solano, Piedra Cocuy (with J. Bautista). 

Nrs. 

4968-4981: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 17 

4982-4999: San Carlos de Rio Negro, Plaza, 

5000-5031: San Carlos de Rio Negro to 

5032-5050: San Carlos south to Tibaduco, 

1969. 

Notes: Notebooks nrs. 103- 109, deposited at 

17 Jan-15 Feb 1968: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 

Jan 1968. 

18 Jan 1968. 

Solano, 19 Jan 1968. 

20 Jan 1968. 
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

5051-5072: San Carlos south to Tibaduco, 

5073-5 106: Guarinuma, 22 Jan 1968. 

5107-51 16: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 23 

5117-5118: [San Carlos de Rio Negro] 

51 19: Cucui [Brazil], 28 Jan 1968. 

5120-5143: Santa Rosa de Amanadona, 29 

Jan 1968. 

5144-5172: Santa Rosa on trail to Cano 

Janabo, 30 Jan 1968. 

51 73-5 196: Santa Rosa de Amanadona, 3 1 

Jan 1968. 

5197-5201: Rio Negro, right bank near 

Brazil-Colombia frontier, 1 Feb 1968. 

5202-521 1: Base of Piedra Cocuy, 2 Feb 

1968. 

5212-5220: Piedra Cocuy trail, 5 Feb 1968. 

5221-5225: Brazil, approximately 500 m 

from frontier post, 5 Feb 1968. 

5226-5238: Solano, Cano Casiquiare, 8 Feb 

1968. 

5239-5253: San Carlos de Rio Negro, near 

airport, 9 Feb 1968. 

5254-5265: San Carlos, south of Cano Tibaduco, 10 Feb 1968. 

5266-5268: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 11 

Feb 1968. 

5268a-5275: San Carlos, garden at Misi6n 

Salesiana, 12 Feb 1968. 

5276-5279: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 13 

Feb 1968. 

5280-5294b: San Carlos, trail to Marimajari, 14 Feb 1968. 

5295-5303: Isla de Mayabo, about 4 km 

south of San Carlos de Rio Negro, 15 Feb 

1968. 

MER. VEN. 

Notes: Notebooks nrs. 1 18-1 24, deposited at 

MERF. 

28 Mar-1 Apr 1971: Puerto Ayacucho, San 

Fernando de Atabapo, Rio Atabapo (with 

H, Rodriguez). 

22 Jan 1968. 

Jan 1968. 

[s.I.], 27 Jan 1968. 

Nrs. 

6002-6004: Puerto Ayacucho to Tobogin 

de la Selva, 28 Mar 197 1. 

6005-6034: San Fernando de Atabapo, 30 

6035-6066: Rio Atabapo, Cano Masagua, 

6067-6099: Rio Atabapo, between San FerMER. 

Mar 1971. 

31 Mar 1971. 

nando and Isla Sapo, 1 Apr 197 1. 

Notes: Notebooks at MERF. 

1949- ; Venez.; Botanist (UCV, Fac. de 

Agronomia, Maracay). 

8-28 Aug 1982: Samariapo, San Pedro, San 

Fernando de Atabapo, Santa Barbara del 

Orinoco, San Antonio, San Carlos de Rio 

Negro, Piedra Cocuy, Isla Boulton. 

Nrs. 3845-4040; MY, Herbario Regional 

del MARNR, Puerto Ayacucho. 

Notes: Botanical excursion to T. F. Amazonas 

of members of the Botany Department of 

UCV, Fac. de Agronomia, Maracay, conducted by T. Ruiz Zapata. Other members: Dorys Borges, Celia Moreno, Roger 

Ramirez, Norca Rojas, JUAN HERNANDEZ, 

and ROMELIA PARRA. 

RUIZ ZAPATA, THIRZA 

RUTKIS, EDGARS 

1912- ; Venez.; Botanical assistant (UCV, Fac. 

26-30 Oct 1970: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

de Ciencias, Caracas). 

and vicinity. 

Nrs. 

204-206: Near San Carlos, 26 Oct 1970. 

207-212: Near San Carlos de Rio Negro, 

214-223: 0-4 km on road to Solano [under 

224-226: Isla Picure, Rio Negro 1 km above 

227-234: Scrub savanna below San Carlos, 

235-240: Solano, Rio Casiquiare, 30 Oct 

241-244: Road to Solano, 30 Oct 1970. 

Notes: nr. 213 was collected in the Gran Sabana region (Estado Bolivar). Nrs. 24 1 (= 

Poljcjozis vittcctc!, Orchidaceae) and 243 (= 

Gongow utropurpurea, Orchidaceae) are 

wrongly indicated on VEN labels as 421 

27 Oct 1970. 

construction], 27 Oct 1970. 

San Carlos, 28 Oct 1970. 

28 Oct 1970. 

1970. 
NUMBER 56 57 

and 423, respectively 

VEN. 

SALAROLI, STEFANO 

195?- ; Ital.; Architect (visiting scientist). 

22-27 Jul 1982: Platanal (Mahekodotheri) 

(with I. Rucci). 

Nrs. 1-39; MYF. 

Salcedo, Pedro 

1952- ; Venez.; Forestry technician (ULA, 

Fac. de Ciencias Forestales, Merida). 

11-17 Mar 1979: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 

Solano (with L. MARCANO-BERTI). 

Sastre, Claude 

19??- ; French; Botanist (Museum National 

d’Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Phanerogamie, Paris). 

18 Mar 1971: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity 

(with P. PINTO). 

Notes: Specialist on South American Ochnaceae. 

Schmidt, Hermann 

18??- 19??; Germ.? or Braz.? 

1907-1908: Upper Rio Negro [Brazil only?] 

(with L. WEISS). 

Notes: Possibly the same person who accompanied Koch-Grunberg on his expedition 

from Roraima to the Orinoco, 191 1- 

1913. 

SCHOMBURGK, ROBERT HERMANN (Map 6). 

1804-1865; Germ.; Explorer, naturalist. 

Itinerary in T. F. Amazonas: 

3 1 Jan 1839: Entered Venezuela, coming from 

the upper Rio Uraricoera [Brazil] by 

crossing the Uraricoera-Orinoco watershed at the headwaters of Rio Matakuni in the Warima [= Parima] mountains. 

5 Feb 1839: Crossed mountain savannas [= 

Simarawochi?] in west-southwest direction 

in the Warima mountains. 

8 Feb 1839: Kikiritza mountain (watershed 

between upper Rio Ventuari and Cundanama [= Cuntinamo]). 

11 Feb 1839: Entered Rio Paramu [= Padamo]. 

15 Feb 1839: Followed the south course of 

Rio Paramu. 

21 Feb 1839: 9 A.M. entered Rio Orinoco via 

22-24 Feb 1839: Rest at Esmeralda. 

25 Feb 1839: Afternoon, left Esmeralda, entered Casiquiare. 

26-28 Feb 1839: Casiquiare. 

1 Mar 1839: Lake Vasiva. 

2 Mar 1839: Passed mouth of Rio Siapa. 

3 Mar 1839: Passed mouth of Rio Pacimoni, 

Piedra Vanari [= Guanari], Solano. 

4 Mar 1839: Junction of Casiquiare and Rio 

Guainia, San Carlos de Rio Negro. 

7 Mar 1839: Passed Piedra Cocuy into Brazil. 

Schomburgk’s collections, are widely distributed in Europe: BM, Cr, K, OXF, P. 

Publications: Schomburgk, 1840a, b, 1841, 

1931; Bentley, 1841; Prance, 1971. 

19 15- ; U.S.; Botanist (Harvard University, 

Cambridge, Mass.). 

Dec 1947: San Carlos de Rio Negro and vicinity, Piedra Cocuy (with F. Lopez). 

Nrs. 9256-9293: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

and vicinity, 9 Dec 1947 (some labels at 

VEN bear the date 15 Dec 1947). 

Nrs. 9380-9400a: At mouth of Rio Casiquiare into Rio Negro, 17 Dec 1947. 

Nrs. 9417-9466: Cerro de Cocuy [Piedra 

Cocuy], 22-23 Dec 1947. 

All collections at GH, US, K, few at VEN. 

Notes: Collected widely in adjoining Colombian Amazonia (Vaupes, Guainia, etc.) 

specializing on rubber trees (Hevea). 

19??- ; Germ.; Pharmacist. (Karlsruhe, Fed. 

Rep. of Germany). 

28 Jun-22 Jul 1958: Puerto Ayacucho, San 

Fernando de Atabapo, Santa Barbara, San 

Antonio, Esmeralda, Ocamo, Puerto Ayacucho, (with F. PANNIER). 

25-28 Dec 1964: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, up to Isla Raton. 

Rio Matakuni. 

SCHULTES, RICHARD EVANS 

SCHWABE, WILLMAR 

Few nrs. [s.n.]; VEN. 

Notes: Dates not confirmed. 

18 17-1 893; Brit.; Botanist. 

1853-1 854: Botanical explorations in VeneSPRUCE, RICHARD (Map 7) 
m 

t 

0 

J 

0 

0 A 

_.._..A. .-. i' 

6 

ESCALA GRAFICA I 

/I L 

00 69' 68' 670 66' 65O 64O 6 3O 

MAP 6.-Exploration by Schomburgk, 1839 (number/roman numeral = day/month). 
NUMBER 56 

B R 

0 670 66O 65' 

A 8 

m 

I 

0 

ESTADO 

00 69' 66O 61 68O 

BOLl 

-- 20 

lo 

E8CALA ORAFIKA 

I L i 

MAP 7.-Exploration by Spruce, 1853-1 854 (number/roman numeral = day/month). 
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

zuela (T. F. Amazonas). 

Itinerary : 

1 Apr 1853: Left Marabitanas [Brazil] for San 

3 Apr 1853: Reached the Brazil-Venezuela 

11 Apr 1853: Reached San Carlos de Rio 

11 Apr-26 Nov 1853: At San Carlos and vi19 Ju1 1853: Ascent of Piedra Cocuy. 

27 Nov-21 Dec 1853: On the Rio Casiquiare: 

27 Nov 1853: Left San Carlos at 10 A.M.; 

reached Raudal at mouth of Rio Guainia 

Carlos. 

frontier. 

Negro. 

cinity. 

at 4 P.M. 

29 Nov 1853: Reached Solano at 8 A.M. 

30 Nov 1853: Reached rock of Guanari in 

1 Dec 1853: Stayed at Guanari until noon; 

2 Dec 1853: Reached Santa Cruz at sunset. 

3 Dec 1853: Reached Quirabuena after sunset. 

5 Dec 1853: Passed mouth of Rio Siapa a 

little past noon. 

7 Dec 1853: Passed Cerro de Canumata on 

left bank at 4 P.M. 

9 Dec 1853: Reached entrance of Lago de 

Vasiva at 2 P.M.; after 2 hrs. reached the 

lake. 

11 Dec 1853: Reached pueblo de Ponciano 

on left bank at 3 P.M.; passed Cano Itiniuini [passage to Rio Guainia]. 

13 Dec 1853: Reached deserted pueblo of 

Capibara early in morning. 

15 Dec 1853: First view of Duida. 

17 Dec 1853: Reached pueblo of Monagas 

called Camaciano. 

18 Dec 1853: Left Monagas a little before 

noon; 1 Yz hrs. later passed mouth of Caiio 

Dorotomuni. 

21 Dec 1853: Reached Cano de Calipo little 

after noon. 

the afternoon. 

at 5 P.M. reached Buena Vista. 

21-28 Dec 1853: On the Rio Orinoco: 

2 1 Dec 1853: Entered Rio Orinoco between 

3-4 P.M.; evening at Pueblo Viejo [Punta 

Piaroa] on left bank of Rio Orinoco. 

Esmeralda. 

23 Dec 1853: Reached playa in sight of 

24 Dec 1853: Reached Esmeralda at 10 A.M. 

24-28 Dec 1853: Esmeralda. 

28 Dec 1853: Left Esmeralda for Rio Cunucunuma. 

[29?] Dec 1853-6 Jan 1854: On Rio Cunucunuma: 

1 Jan 1854: Passed first fall of Rio Cunucunuma. 

2 Jan 1854: At base of second fall (Uarinama 

[= Guarinuma?]) at 10 A.M. start; at 5 P.M. 

reached the pueblo at base of third fall 

(Tauarupana). 

2-3 Jan 1854: At Tussari’s house. 

4 Jan 1854: Left Tussari’s pueblo early in 

6 Jan 1854: Entered the Orinoco at 8 A.M. 

7 Jan 1854: Reached mouth of Rio Casi9 Jan 1854: Reached settlement of Monagas 

12 Jan 1854: Reached settlement of Ponci12-20 Jan 1854: At Ponciano. 

2 1 Jan 1854: Left Ponciano; entered Vasiva 

25 Jan 1854: Left Vasiva in the afternoon. 

27 Jan-25 Feb 1854: On the Rios Pacimoni 

27 Jan 1854: Entered mouth of Rio Paci3 1 Jan 1854: Reached lower mouth of Cafio 

4 Feb 1854: Reached pueblo of Custodio 

5-6 Feb 1854: Travel up the Rio Yatua. 

6 Feb 1854: Reached Cano of Santa Isabel 

[7?] Feb 1854: Reached port of Santa Isabel. 

1 1-1 2 Feb 1854: Trip to Cerro Imei (Cerro 

14 Feb 1854: Back to San Custodio. 

15 Feb 1854: Ascent to Cerro Tarurumari, 

the morning; passed first raudal. 

7-27 Jan 1854: On the Rio Casiquiare: 

quiare at noon. 

before noon. 

ano towards evening. 

towards night. 

and Yatua: 

moni a little after noon. 

Baria. 

about 4 P.M. 

(Uaranaka). 

de Abispa). 
NUMBER 56 61 

a little north of the village of San Custodio. 

[16?] Feb 1854: Descended the Pacimoni 

[Yatua]; ascent of low granite rock [Laja 

Catipan] in the afternoon. 

24 Feb 1854: Reached mouth of Rio Pacimoni. 

25 Feb 1854: Botanical collecting at the 

junction of the Rio Pacimoni with Rio 

Casiquiare. 

28 Feb-25 May 1854: At San Carlos de Rio 

Negro and vicinity: 

28 Feb 1854: Arrived at San Carlos. 

Apr-May 1854: Botanical collecting around 

26 May-17 Jun 1854: On the Rio Guainia, 

San Carlos. 

Pimichin, Temi, and Atabapo: 

26 May 1854: Left San Carlos. 

4 Jun 1854: Reached Tom0 on the Rio 

4-8 Jun 1854: At Tom0 drying plants [Co9 Jun 1854: Left Tom0 for Maroa and Pim10 Jun 1854: Reached Pimichin in the after- 

[l 13 Jun 1854: Pimichin to Yavita. 

[12-141 Jun 1854: Yavita to San Fernando 

de Atabapo. 

[ 15-1 71 Jun 1854: At San Fernando de Atabapo. 

18 Jun-5 Ju1 1854: On the Rio Orinoco down 

to Maypures: 

18 Jun 1854: Left San Fernando de Atabapo 

and reached Marana [Marano]. 

19 Jun 1854: Passed Cerro de Mono on the 

left bank of the Rio Orinoco [Colombia]; 

reached Maypures [Colombia] at dark. 

[20-301 Jun 1854: Journey at Maypures [Colombia]. 

[l-51 Ju1 1854: Maypures to San Fernando 

de Atabapo. 

5 Jul-12 Aug 1854: With fever in San Fernando de Atabapo. 

13-28 Aug 1854: Return from San Fernando 

to San Carlos. 

Guainia [Colombia]. 

lombia]. 

ichin. 

noon. 

13 Aug 1854: Left San Fernando de Ata20 Aug 1854: Reached Tom0 [Colombia]. 

20-25 Aug 1854: Rested in Tom0 [Colom26 Aug 1854: Left Tomo. 

28 Aug 1854: Reached San Carlos de Rio 

Negro. 

28 Aug-22 Nov 1854: At San Carlos de Rio 

Negro and vicinity. 

23 Nov 1854: Left San Carlos de Rio Negro 

at noon. 

24 Nov 1854: Reached mouth of Cano 

Guasie [= Xie, Brazil]. 

According to Spruce’s communication to Reichenbach f. (1 873), a total number of 8 15 

botanical collections were made by him 

during his stay in Venezuelan territory 

(nrs. 2 9 5 2- 3 7 6 6) : 

bapo. 

bia]. 

Nrs. 

2952-3157: On the Rio Negro. 

3 158-32 13: On the Rio Casiquiare. 

3214-3266: On the Rio Orinoco [including 

3267-341 7: On the Rio Casiquiare. 

3418-3423, 3435: On the Rio Orinoco [including Rio Cunucunuma?]. 

3424-3466 [excluding 34351: On the Rio 

Casiquiare [including Rio Pacimoni and 

Rio Yatua?]. 

3467-3567: At San Carlos de Rio Negro 

and vicinity [including Rio Guainia?]. 

3 568-3670: At Maypures [Colombia]. 

3671-3700: On the Rio Negro [including 

Rio Guainia and Pimichin?]. 

3701-3750: On the Rio Orinoco above (S) 

the cataracts and on the Rio Atabapo. 

3751-3766: On the Rio Negro, in Venezuela. 

3807-3823: Maypures, San Carlos (numbers 

added after return to Brazil). 

Notes: Besides these numbers, Spruce apparently also made some collections without 

numbering (approximately 50-60 nrs.?), 

as well as other collections (mainly palms) 

with a separate numbering sequence (apEsmeralda and Rio Cunucunuma?]. 
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

proximately 20-30 nrs.?) (fide Pittier, 

ined.). At least 60 of the Venezuelan numbers represent collections from more than 

one locality or date. For at least 27 of 

Spruce’s Brazilian numbers, Venezuelan 

material was later added. Spruce’s collections of bryophytes were separately numbered. 

It must be kept in mind that at the time 

of Spruce’s visit to Venezuela, both shores 

of the Rios Negro, Guainia, Atabapo, and 

Orinoco were part of Venezuela; therefore, the number of collections cited by 

Spruce for Venezuela includes also those 

made in such localities as Tomo, Cerro 

del Mono, San Felipe and Maypures, 

which today belong to Colombia. According to Prance (197 l), further “care should 

be taken in citing Spruce’s collections 

since many of his Venezuelan collections 

have often been cited as from Brazil since 

this is stated on the labels” (loc. cit., page 

61). 

According to Urban (1 906) and Prance 

(1 97 l), Spruce’s collections were widely 

distributed by George Bentham to the 

following herbaria: B, BM, BR, DBN, E, 

G-BOIS, G-DC (Urban, 1906), GOET, K 

(main set), LE, M, P, W, and, more recently acquired also by F, GH, and NY 

(Prance, 197 1); other European herbaria 

with large sets include AWH, CGE, FI, 

LD, and OXF. 

The types of Spruce’s hepatics are at MANCH. 

Publications: Reichenbach f., 1873; Spruce, 

1908, 1970; Maguire, 1955; Prance, 

197 1 ; further details on literature referring to Spruce in Urban, 1906. 

STERGIOS, BASIL 

1940- ; Venez; Botanist (Univ. Experimental 

de 10s Llanos “Ezequiel Zamora” UNELLEZ, Guanare, Portuguesa). 

20-30 Jul 1982: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

Solano, Rio Negro, lower Casiquiare, upper Pacimoni to lower Rio Yatua (Parque 

Nacional “Serrania de la Neblina”) (with 

G. Aymard). 

Nrs. 40 10-4434: PORT, VEN, Regional 

Herbarium of MARNR, Puerto Ayacucho. 

Notes: Special collections of different species 

of the genus CainpsiaTzdra (Leguminosae) 

for a taxonomic revision of the genus, and 

general collections. 

STEYERMARK, JULIAN ALFRED (Map 8) 

1909- ; U.S.; Naturalized Venezuelan since 

1973; Botanist (Field Museum of Natural 

History, Chicago [until 19581; Instituto 

Bothico, Caracas [since 19591). 

Aug-Sep 1944: Expedition to Cerro Duida. 

Nrs. 

57,727-57,728: Rio Orinoco, Isla Hormiga 

(between Sanariapo and San Fernando de 

Atabapo), 17 Aug 1944. 

57,729-58,410: Esmeralda, south slopes 

and summit of Cerro Duida, Esmeralda, 

21 Aug-6 Sep 1944. 

58,411-58,421: Around San Fernando de 

Atabapo, 7 Sep 1944. 

58,422: Along Rio Orinoco, between Tamatama and San Fernando de Atabapo, 7 

Sep 1944. 

58,423-58,429: Raudal Santa Barbara, 7 

Sep 1944. 

58,430-58,43 1: Mouth of Rio Sanariapo, 8 

Sep 1944. 

58,432-58,433: San Fernando de Atabapo 

[possibly a confused locality with Sanariapo], 8 Sep 1944. 

58,434-58,448: Mouth of Rio Sanariapo, 8 

Sep 1944. 

58,449-58,506: Vicinity of Sanariapo, 8 Sep 

1944. 

58,507: Between Sanariapo and Puerto Ayacucho, 8 Sep 1944. 

58,508-58,509: Along Rio Sanariapo, 8 Sep 

1944. 

58,510-58,526: Vicinity of Puerto Ayacucho, 11 Sep 1944. 

58,527-58,528: Along Rio Orinoco at 

Puerto Ayacucho, 11 Sep 1944. 

Notes: Exploration for the “Cinchona Mission” 

in Venezuela. 

Publications: Steyermark and Meyer, 1945- 
NUMBER 56 63 

68' 67' 66O 65' 64' 6 30 

ESTADO BOLIVAR 

w 

a 

m 

t 

0 

J 

0 

0 h 

_..-.. -..-.. i'\ 

I I ESCALA GRAFICA 

B RI /I L 

3 

00 

MAP 8.-Exploration by Steyermark, 1944-1 982 (clustered dots = intensive collecting). 
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1946; Steyermark and collaborators, 

1951, 1952, 1953, 1957; Steyermark, 

1966. 

Apr-May 1970: Expedition to San Carlos de 

Rio Negro, Rio Pacimoni, Rio Yatua, Maroa, Pimichin, Yavita, and Cerro Yapacana (with G.S. Bunting). 

Nrs. 

102,434-102,475: Rio Pacimoni, from 

mouth up to Pueblo Viejo, 8 Apr 1970. 

102,476-102,504: Pueblo Viejo, Bruno 

(Guaibana, open laja on left bank of Rio 

Pacimoni), Laja Catipan (Rio Yatua, right 

bank), 9 Apr 1970. 

102,505-102,525: Rio Yatua to Cerro Arauicaua, 10 Apr 1970. 

102,526-102,660: Cerro Arauicaua, 11-15 

Apr 1970. 

102,661-102,663: Savannas near Pueblo 

Viejo, 15 Apr 1970. 

102,664-102,674: Pueblo Viejo, Rio Casiquiare, Yacami, Rio Negro, 16 Apr 1970. 

102,675-102,798: San Carlos de Rio Negro 

and vicinity, 17-18 Apr 1970. 

102,799-102,850: Savanna 1 km east of 

Maroa, Pimichin, 20 Apr 1970. 

102,851-102,940: Road, Yavita to Pimichin, 21-22 Apr 1970. 

102,941-102,972: Rio Temi around Yavita, 

22 Apr 1970. 

102,973-103,012: Cano Cotua, west base of 

Cerro Yapacana, 30 Apr 1970. 

103,O 13-1 03,066: Southwest base of Cerro 

Yapacana, up to 400 m, 3 May 1970. 

103,067-1 03,099: Southwest talus slopes of 

Cerro Yapacana, 400-825 m, 4 May 

1970. 

103,100- 103,lO 1 : Between Cano Cotua 

and base camp, 4 May 1970. 

103,102-103,190: Summit of Cerro Yapacana, 1000-1200 m and lower (-825 m), 

5-7 May 1970. 

103,19 1-103,267: Southwest slopes of 

Cerro Yapacana, 825-550 m, forest at 

base, savannas at base, 7 May 1970. 

103,268-103,280: Camp around Cano Cotua, savannas, 8 May 1970. 

Oct 1970: Expedition to Cerro de la Neblina 

(with G.C.K. Dunsterville and C. BrewerCarias) [helicopter expedition]. 

Nrs. 103,752-103,932: [Brazil, Edo. Amazonas, Planicie de Zuloaga, 2300 m], 10- 

15 Oct 1970. 

Note: A large part of these Brazilian collections 

were lost during transport from Summit 

Camp at Sierra Neblina to Caracas. 

Nrs. 103,933-104,025: Venezuela, headwaters of Canon Grande on southeast portion of Cerro Neblina, 1900 m, 16-17 

Oct 1970. 

Nrs. 104,026-1 04,040: [Brazil, Edo. Amazonas, Mission of Maturacaon Rio Matura&], 19-20 Oct 1970. 

Notes: These Steyermark collections from Brazil are not cited in Prance (1971). 

Sep 1971: Expedition to Cerro Autana [helicopter expedition conducted by C. 

Brewer-Carias and supported by CODESUR]. 

Nrs. 105,104-105,234,105,236: Cerro Autana, summit, 1230 m, 20-22 Sep 1971. 

Nrs. 105,234A-105,235: Puerto Ayacucho, 

laja, 24 Sep 1971. 

Publications: Steyermark, 1974, 1975; Brewer-Carias, 1976. 

May 1972: Expedition to the Sierra Parima, 

Venezuelan-Brazilian frontier (with the 

Venezuelan-Brazilian Frontier Commission, helicopter expedition conducted by 

J. Pantchenko). 

Nrs. 

105,904-105,947: Sierra Parima, Frontier 

Camp 3, 1300 m, 18 May 1972. 

105,948: Rio Putaco, affluent of Rio 

Ocamo, 175 m, 18 May 1972. 

105,949- 106,146: Sierra Parima, Frontier 

Camp 3,1100-1300 m, 19-23 May 1972. 

106,147: Rio Putaco, affluent of Rio 

Ocamo, 175 m, 23 May 1972. 

106,148-106,174: Mission of Ocamo, 153 

m, 23 May 1972. 

Apr-May 1973: Expedition to the Sierra Par- 
NUMBER 56 65 

ima, Venezuelan-Brazilian frontier (with 

the Venezuelan-Brazilian Frontier Commission, helicopter expedition conducted 

by J. Pantchenko). 

Nrs. 

106,968-107,105: Simarawochi, headwaters of Rio Matakuni, 800-860 m, 18-26 

Apr 1973. 

107,106-107,107: [Edo. Bolivar, Rio Diamante Negro, 27 Apr 19731. 

107,108-107,205: Simarawochi, headwaters of Rio Matakini, 800-870 m, 29 Apr2 May 1973. 

107,206-107,208: [Edo. Bolivar, Sierra 

Pakaraima, 2 May 19731. 

107,209-107,211: Simarawochi, headwaters of Rio Matakuni, 830 m, 2 May 1973. 

107,2 1 2- 107,38 1 : [Edo. Bolivar, Sierra 

Pakaraima, 4-5 May 19731. 

1 0 7,3 8 2- 1 07,4 1 2: Simarawochi, headwaters of Rio Matakuni, 790-800 m, 8 May 

1973. 

107,413: [Edo. Bolivar, Sierra Pakaraima, 8 

May 19731. 

107,414-107,489: Simarawochi, headwaters of Rio Matakuni, 770-850 m, 10-18 

May 1973. 

107,490-107,558: Sierra Parima, Frontier 

Point #7, headwaters of Rio Matakuni, 

1450-1525 m, 19 May 1973. 

107,559-107,57 1: Simarawochi, headwaters of Rio Matakuni, 780-790 m, 19-23 

May 1973. 

107,570.A-107,57 1 .A: Sierra Parima, 

Frontier Point #8, 1300 m, 24 May 1973. 

28 Dec 1976: Canaripo (with P. Redmond). 

2 Mar 1977: Canaripo (with P. Redmond and 

Nrs. 112,790-1 12,858. 

G. Heny). 

Nrs. 113,805-1 13,840. 

4 May 1977: Puerto Ayacucho, Tobogan de la 

Selva (with P. Redmond and 0. Huber). 

Nrs. 1 13,842-1 13,877. 

1 1 Jun 1977: Puerto Ayacucho, Gavilan (valley 

of Rio Cataniapo) (with P. Berry, 0. 

Huber and P. Redmond). 

Nrs. 113,880-1 13,930. 

20 Jun 1977: San Juan de Manapiare, Yutaje 

Nrs. 113,932-1 13,954: San Juan de ManaNrs. 113,955-1 13,972: Yutaje. 

(with P. Redmond and M. King). 

piare and vicinity. 

30 Apr 1978: Yutaje, Cano Coro-coro (with P. 

Redmond). 

Nrs. 117,044-1 17,112. 

12 May 1978: Santa Barbara and mouth of 

Rio Ventuari (with 0. Huber, P. Berry 

and P. Redmond). 

Nrs. 117,113-117,176. 

22 Feb 1979: Yutaje, Cano Coro-coro (with 

M. Griot and P. Redmond). 

Nrs. 117,896-1 17,936. 

9-1 5 May 1980: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, valley of Rio Cataniapo, Caviain, San 

Pedro de Cataniapo, Tobogin de la Selva 

(with G. Davidse and I;. Guanchez). 

Notes: Botanical inventory of lower valley of 

the Rio Cataniapo, in the area to be 

flooded by the construction of a dam for 

hydroelectrical power (Joint Program of 

Instituto Botanico, CONICIT, and Missouri Botanical Garden). 

8 Nov 1980: Yutaje (with P.J.M. Maas, A. Field 

and P. Redmond). 

Nrs. 123,620-123,669. 

Nrs. 122,111-122,568. 

15 Jan 198 1 : Expedition to Cerro Marahuaca 

and Cerro Sipapo (with B. MAGUIRE, C. 

Maguire and C. Brewer-Carias). 

Notes: The collections made on Cerro Marahuaca and Cerro Sipapo were originally 

numbered under Steyermark’s numbering sequence from 124,096 to 124,245, 

and later transferred to Maguire’s numbering sequence, 65,563-65,712 [see B. 

MAGUIRE]. Helicopter expedition conducted by Charles Brewer-Carias. 

Feb 1981: Expedition to Cerro Marahuaca, 

Cerro Duida and Cerso Sipapo (with R. 

Liesner and C. Brewer-Carias). 

Nrs. 

124,336-124,356: Mission of Ocamo and 
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

vicinity, 15 Feb 198 1. 

124,357: Esmeralda, 15 Feb 1981. 

124,358-1 24,523: Cerro Marahuaca, sum124,524-1 24,559: Cerro Sipapo, 17 Feb 

124,560-1 24,582: Cerro Duida, 16 Feb 

124,583: Puerto Ayacucho, 17 Feb 198 1 

Notes: Helicopter expedition conducted by 

Charles Brewer-Carias. 

Jan-Feb 1982: Joint expedition VEN-NY to 

Cerro Marahuaca, Cerro Duida, and 

Cerro Huachamacari (with M. Guariglia, 

N. Holmgren, J. Luteyn, and S. Mori). 

Nrs. 

125,635-1 25,695: Rio Cunucunuma at Culebra, 28 Jan 1982. 

125,696-1 25,734: Between Culebra and 

north end of Cerro Duida, 28 Jan 1982. 

125,735-125,791: Rio Cunucunuma at Culebra, 29 Jan 1982. 

125,792- 125,8 18: North facing slopes of 

Cerro Duida, 600-800 m, 29 Jan 1982. 

125,819-125,823: North facing slopes of 

Cerro Duida, 400 m, 29 Jan 1982. 

125,824-125,867: Rio Cunucunuma at Culebra, 30 Jan 1982. 

125,868-125,888: Base of north end of 

Cerro Duida, 300 m, 30 Jan 1982. 

125,889-1 26,104: Cerro Marahuaca, summit, 2330-2580 m, 3 1 Jan-4 Feb 1982. 

126,105-126,125: North end of Cerro 

Duida, 800-900 m, 6 Feb 1982. 

126,153-126,156: North end of Cerro 

Duida, 200-700 m, 6 Feb 1982. 

126,157- 126,197: Along Rio Cunucunuma, 

6 Feb 1982. 

126,198-126,235: Rio Cunucunuma, lower 

section of Catio Negro, 7 Feb 1982. 

126,236-1 26,240: Rio Cunucunuma, 8 Feb 

1982. 

126,24 1 - 126,27 1 : Cano Negro, towards 

Cerro Duida, 200 m, 8 Feb 1982. 

126,272-1 26,286: North end of Cerro 

Duida, southwest of Culebra, 200 m, 9 

Feb 1982. 

mit, 16 Feb 1981. 

1981. 

1981. 

126,287: Along Rio Cunucunuma, 9 Feb 

1982. 

126,288-1 26,333: Marahuaca Massif, 2480 

in, 9 Feb 1982. 

126,334-1 26,369: Marahuaca Massif, 2450 

m, 10 Feb 1982. 

126,370-1 26,402: Cerro Duida, along east 

escarpment, 1230 m, 10 Feb 1982. 

126,404- 126,4 1 1 : Cerro Duida, wet savannas, 10 Feb 1982. 

126,4 12- 126,442: Cerro Duida, north end, 

1400 m, 10 Feb 1982. 

126,443-126,471: Cerro Huachamacari, 

summit, 1800 m, 10 Feb 1982. 

Notes: All phaneroganiic collections are under 

STEYERMARK et al. (837 nrs.), whereas all 

cryptogamic collections (420 nrs.) are under GUARIGLIA etal. (see Guariglia, M.). 

Helicopter expedition conducted by 

Charles Brewer-Carias. 

Steyermark’s collections from 1944 are deposited at F, NY, US, VEN; all later collections, VEN, NY, US, MO, U, K. 

Suarez, Nelly 

19?- ; Venez.; Biologist (CODESURMARNR, Zone 10, Puerto Ayacucho). 

Apr 1978: Rio Orinoco to San Fernando de 

Atabapo and Santa Barbara (with G. MORILLO and J. Camico). 

TATE, GEORGE HENRY HAMILTON 

1894-1953; U.S.; Zoologist (American Museum of Natural History, New York). 

1928-1929: “Tyler-Duida Expedition” of the 

American Museum of Natural History to 

Cerro Duida. 

Nrs. 

1-147: [Brazil: Manaus, Muyrapenima, 

Santa Isabel, Camanaos, Yucabi, SaO Gabriel, Preguisa]. 

148-168: Venezuela: Piedra Alta [= Laja 

Alta], Rio Negro, Rio Casiquiare (San Sebastiin, Buena Vista, Quemapure) [in irregular sequence; includes also nrs. 160- 

163 from San Carlos de Rio Negro cited 

as belonging to Brazil]. 

169-965: Venezuela: Esmeralda, Cerro 
NUMBER 56 67 

Duida [south slopes and south summit], 

Esmeralda, 1 Oct 1928-18 Mar 1929. 

966-1002: [Brazil: Rio Negro (Yucabi, 

Santa Isabel, Sao Gabriel)]. 

1003: [Colombia: opposite mouth of Rio 

Casiquiare]. 

1004- 105 1 : Venezuela: Esmeralda, Cerro 

Duida. 

1052-1060: [Brazil: Rio Negro (Yucabi, 

Santa Isabel)]. 

106 1 - 1065: Venezuela: Esmeralda [ Musci]. 

First set at KY; dupl. at B, G, K, US. 

Notes: First ascent of a tepui in T. F. Amazonas. Tate’s Brazilian collections are not 

cited by Prance (1 97 1). 

Publications: Gleason, 1929, 1931; Tate and 

Hitchcock, 1930; Tate in Gleason, 1931. 

1951-; U.S.; Botanist (Univ. of Michigan, Ann 

Arbor). 

2-21 Nov 1979: Puerto Ayacucho, Cerro Yapacana (8-1 0 Nov), San Fernando de Atabapo (1 1 Nov), Maroa (15 Nov), Yavita 

(16, 19 Nov), Santa Cruz on the Rio Atabapo near confluence with Rio Atacavi 

and Rio Temi (1 7- 18, 20 Nov). 

Nrs. 2533-2693; MICH, VEN; some specimens also at CM and NY. 

Notes: Field research for doctoral dissertation 

at University of Michigan on Rhjnchospora 

sect. Dichromena and their pollinators. 

1930- ; US.; Botanist (UCV, Fac. de Farma11 Feb 1974-9 Jun 1982: 

THOMAS, WILLIAM WAYT 

TILLETT, STEPHEN S. 

cia, Herbario “Ovalles”). 

Nrs. 

742-1 3-742-192: San Fernando de Atabapo 

and vicinity (to 20 km along trail towards 

Santa Birbara; to Cano Pavon 1 hour up 

the Rio Orinoco; to Cano Morocoto 1 

hour down the Rio Orinoco) (with M. 

Hasegawa), 11-19 Feb 1974. 

743-193-743-240: San Fernando de Atabapo and vicinity (Cano Morocoto 1 hour 

downstream on Rio Orinoco) (with A. 

Gentry and N. Ferrigni), 23-26 Mar 

1974. 

745-249-746-452: San Fernando de Atabapo and vicinity (Cano Morocoto and 

Sabana Morocoto, 1 hour downstream on 

Rio Orinoco; to 20 krn along trail towards 

Santa Barbara; Rio Orinoco upstream to 

Isla Guacamayo, Matacami; vicinity of 

Santa Barbara; 2 hours upstream on Rio 

Atabapo, Cano Cumare and Chamuchina) 

(with L. Gutierrez), 27 May-3 Jun 1974. 

75 1-16-752-378: Cerro Duida, Cerro Marahuaca (partly with P. Colvee), 29 Jan-10 

Feb 1975. 

777-57-777-1 26: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity; Isla Raoh; Gavilan (with 0. Huber 

and H. Jimenez), 19-23 Ju1 1977. 

782-28-782-143a: Savannas and forests at 

west base of Cerro Yapacana; Santa Barbara (with 0. Huber and A. Rojas), 15- 

27 Feb 1978. 

781 1-162-7812-337: Cano Perro de Agua, 

Cano Cotua, savannas at west base of 

Cerro Yapacana, Cano Yagua, Santa Barbara, and trail towards San Antonio (with 

0. Huber), 29 Nov-12 Dec 1978. 

794-76-795-287: Cano Caname, Rio Atabapo, Rio Orinoco, west base of Cerro 

Yapacana, Cano Yagua, Santa Barbara 

(with G. Davidse and 0. Huber), 25 Apr10 May 1979. 

807-36-807-3 10: Puerto Ayacucho, Rio Autana, Rio Sipapo, Rio Guayapo, Santa Barbara, Cano Yagua, Laguna Yagua, Trapichote (with 0. Huber and A. Zinck, 

“Heli-trip-VI”), 14-28 Ju1 1980. 

81 1-4-81 1-19: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity, Gavilan (with K. Brown, Jr.), 5-6 Jan 

1981. 

81 11-1 13-81 11-122: Puerto Ayacucho and 

vicinity, Galipero (with 0. Huber), 25 

Nov 1981. 

825-9-826-1 38: Guachapana, Mata de 

Palma, Cano Yagua, Rio Puruname (with 

0. Huber), 24 May-9 Jun 1982. 

All collections are at MYF and VEN; collections from Cerro Duida and Cerro Marahuaca also at NY, HB, K, and U. 

Notes: Dr. Tillett uses a compound numera- 
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

tion system including the year (first two 

digits), the month (next one or two digits), 

and finally (following the hyphen) the sequential numeration from one on for each 

year. Many specimens are voucher specimens of bulk samples of leaves, wood, and 

bark for pharmacological screening at the 

laboratories of the Facultad de Farmacia, 

UCV, Caracas. 

Specialist on New World Passifloraceae 

and ethnobotany; founder and curator of 

the Herbario "M. OVALLES" (MYF) at 

the Faculty of Pharmacy of Universidad 

Central de Venezuela (UCV) in Caracas 

since 1974. 

Publications: Norambuena, 1975; Tillett and 

Steyermark, 1982. 

Trujillo, A. 

19??- ; Venez.; Field assistant. 

16-26 Nov 1977: Puerto Ayacucho, Reserva 

Forestal del Sipapo (Rio Cuao, Rio Sipapo) (with G. MORILLO). 

TRUJILLO, BALTASAR 

1927- ; Venez.; Botanist (UCV, Fac. de 

18-29 Mar 1979: Puerto Ayacuco and vicinity 

Agronomia, Maracay). 

(with J. Pulido). 

Nrs. 14933-15287; MY. 

UHL, CHRISTOPHER 

1949- ; US.; Ecologist (Univ. of Georgia, 

Sep-Dec 1974: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

Athens, U.S.A.). 

vicinity, IVIC study sites. 

Approximately 250 nrs.; VEN. 

17-24 Sep 1975: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

vicinity, road to Solano (IVIC study sites) 

(with P. Berry). 

1975-present: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

vicinity (IVIC study sites; mainly successional (disturbed) areas). 

Approximately 75 nrs.; MO. 

Publications: Uhl et al., 1981, 1982. 

Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV) 

Principal and largest university of Venezuela, 

located in Caracas and Maracay (Agronomy and Veterinary Faculties). 

Botanical collectors of UCV in T. F. Amazonas 

AGOSTINI, GETULIO (Fac. de Ciencias, CaraARISTEGUIETA, LEANDRO (Fac. de Ciencias, 

* BRUCHER, HEINZ (Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas) 

* BUNTING, GEORGE S. (Fac. de Agronomia, 

CARDENAS DE GUEVARA, LOURDES (Fac. de 

CASTILLO, ANIBAL (Fac. de Ciencias, CaraCORT~Z, ALVARO 0. (Fac. de Ciencias, Ca- 

* EWEL, JOHN J. (Fac. de Agronomia, MaraFARINAS, MARIO (Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas) 

FERNANDEZ, ANTONIO (Fac. de Agronomia, 

FERRIGNI, NELSON (Fac. de Farmacia, CaraFOLDATS, ERNESTO (Fac. de Ciencias, CaraGUARIGLIA, MARIO (Fac. de Ciencias, CaraGUINAND, LUISA F. (Fac. de Ciencias, CaraGutierrez, Luis (Fac. de Farmacia, Caracas) 

Hasegawa, Masahisa (Fac. de Ciencias, CaHERNANDEZ RAMOS, JUAN F. (Fac. de AgronIturriaga, Teresa (Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas) 

Jaffee, Werner (Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas) 

Jimenez, Hernan (Fac. de Farmacia, CaraMEDINA, ERNESTO (Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas 

MONDOLFI, EDGARDO (Fac. de Ciencias, CaORTIZ, RAFAEL (Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas) 

PANNIER, FEDERICO (Fac. de Ciencias, CaraPARRA RONDON, ROMELIA (Fac. de AgronReyes, E.A. (Fac. de Farmacia, Caracas) 

(* = under temporary contract): 

cas) 

Caracas) 

Maraca y ) 

Agronomia, Maracay) 

cas) 

racas) 

cay) 

Maracay) 

cas) 

cas) 

cas [until 19791). 

cas) 

racas) 

omia, Maracay) 

cas) 

[until 19701) 

racas) 

cas) 

omia, Maracay) 
NUMBER 56 69 

Rojas, Anibal (Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas) 

RUIZ ZAPATA, THIRZA (Fac. de Agronomia, 

RUTKIS, EDGARS (Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas) 

TILLETT, STEPHEN S. (Fac. de Farmacia, CaTRUJILLO, BALTASAR (Fac. de Agronomia, 

VARESCHI, VOLKMAR (Fac. de Ciencias, CaVelasquez, Justiniano (Fac. de Ciencias, CaZorrilla, C.J. (Fac. de Farmacia, Caracas) 

Second major Venezuelan university, located 

Botanical collectors of ULA in T. F. Amazonas 

ARENDS, ERNESTO (Fac. de Ciencias ForesBautista, Jaime (Fac. de Ciencias Forestales) 

CARABOT C., ALFREDO (Fac. de Farmacia) 

MARCANO-BERTI, LUIS (Fac. de Ciencias FoMorales, Antonio (Fac. de Farmacia) 

Rodriguez, Henry (Fac. de Ciencias Forestales) 

RUIZ TERAN, LUIS (Fac. de Ciencias Forestales [until 19681; Fac. de Farmacia 

[ 1969-1 9791) 

Salcedo, Pedro (Fac. de Ciencias Forestales) 

VEILLoN, JEAN PIERRE (Fac. de Ciencias Fo- 

* WESSELS-BOER, JAN G. (Fac. de Ciencias FoMaraca y) 

racas) 

Maracay) 

racas) 

racas) 

Universidad de Los Andes (ULA) 

at Me2rida. 

(* = under temporary contract): 

tales) 

restales) 

restales) 

restales) 

VARESCHI, VOLKMAR 

1906- ; Venez.; Botanist, ecologist (UCV, Fac. 

5 Jan-I6 Feb 1958: 

de Ciencias, Caracas). 

Nrs. 6541-6806: Rio Orinoco, Esmeralda, 

Rio Ocamo, Rio Casiquiare, Rio Negro, 

Rio Guainia, Cano Pimichin, Yavita, Rio 

Temi, Rio Atabapo, Rio Orinoco (“Humboldt-Gedachtnis-Expedition 1958” 

[Humboldt Memorial Expedition]) (with 

K. Magdefrau); VEN, NY. 

29 Aug-20 Sep 1960: Puerto Ayacucho, Sanariapo, Rio Atabapo, Rio Atacavi (botanical collections made by E. FOLDATS). 

1 Apr 1961-10 Feb 1973: 

Nrs. 

7546-757 1: Puerto Ayacucho, Rio Orinoco, Rio Atabapo, Laja Pav6n; 1 - 10 Apr 

1961; VEN. 

7 7 5 8-7 824: Bifurcation Orinoco-Casiquiare; 21 Oct 1962; VEN. 

7982-7987: Sabanas de Esmeralda, 8 Dec 

1963; VEN. 

7992-801 7: Puerto Ayacucho, Rio Orinoco, Rio Atabapo, Rio Orinoco, Rio 

Cunucunuma, Esmeralda, Ocamo (with 

W. Jaffee), 5-21 Aug 1964; VEN. 

8 158-8 182: Sabana de Simada-Vochi 

[Sierra Parima, headwaters of Rio Matacuni], 9 Ju1 1967; VEN. 

8674-8696: Upper Orinoco, Platanal (Mahekodo-teri); 10 Feb 1973; VEN. 

Notes: Vareschi has made a total of 15 field 

trips to T. F. Amazonas, many of them 

together with his late friend Dr. Egon 

Herbig, medical doctor and expert bush 

pilot, carrying on numerous studies on 

plant ecology, phytogeography, black and 

white waters, etc. 

Publications: Vareschi, 1959, 1963a,b, 1980. 

1914- ; Swiss; Forester (ULA, Fac. de Ciencias 

7-19 Feb 1978: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

VEILLON, JEAN PIERRE 

Forestales, MGrida). 

vicinity; road to Solano. 

Nrs. 1-23; VEN. 

Velisquez, Justiniano 

1937- ; Venez.; Botanist (UCV, Fac. de Ciencias, Caracas). 

22 Jan-25 Feb 1969: Esmeralda, Cerro Duida, 

Cano Casiquiare (with M. FARIGAS and E. 

Medina) 

Notes: Member of the “Expedicion Cientifica 

AsoVAC a1 Alto Orinoco.” 

Publication: Medina, 1969. 

19??- ; Venez.; Field assistant. 

1-9 Feb 1977: San Carlos de Rio Negro and 

Villa, Nestor 
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

vicinity (with G. MORILLO). 

WALLACE, ALFRED RUSSEL 

1823-1913; Brit.; Biologist. 

1 Feb-31 Mar 1851: Cano Pimichin, Yavita. 

Notes: All collections lost in fire on ship in 

Publications: Wallace, 1853; Wurdack, 1960. 

Atlantic 6 Aug 1852. 

WEISS, LOUIS 

18??-????; ? ; ? 

1907-1908: Upper Rio Negro [Brazil only?] 

(with H. Schmidt). 

? nrs.; main set at NY. 

Notes: Collected mainly mosses and fungi. 

Publications: Barnhart, 1965; Prance, 197 1. 

1936- ; Dutch; Botanist (ULA, Fac. de Ciencias Forestales, Merida; Univ. of Utrecht). 

Aug 1967: Puerto Ayacucho and vicinity. 

Notes: Specialist on New World Palmae (Arecaceae). His collections in T. F. Amazonas 

range around his collection nr. 2300. 

1901-1980; U.S.; Economic botanist (Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, Caracas). 

May-Jun 1940: First expedition to T. F. Amazonas. 

WESSELS BOER, JAN GERARD 

? nrs.; VEN, U, K, MER. 

WILLIAMS, LLEWELYN (Map 9) 

Nrs. 

12965-1 3 158: Puerto Ayacucho, Sanar13159-13246: Isla Raton, 30 May-2 Jun 

13247: Puerto Ayacucho, 3 Jun 1940? 

iapo, 18-27 May 1940. 

1940. 

Notes: The following irregular numbers lack 

definite dates: 

Nrs. 

13421: Isla Raton, Jun 1940. 

13425-13427: Isla Rato, Jun 1940. 

13428-1 3442: Puerto Ayacucho, Jun 1940. 

13443: Isla Rato, Jun 1940. 

13444: Puerto Ayacucho, ? 

13446: Isla Rato, Apr 1940? 

13447-1 3465: Puerto Ayacucho, Apr-Jun 

13467: Puerto Ayacucho, Jun 1940. 

1940? 

13482: Puerto Ayacucho, Jun 1940. 

13484: Puerto Ayacucho, Jun 1940. 

13485-1 3488: Sanariapo, Jun 1940. 

13489-13490: Isla Raton, Jun 1940. 

1349 1- 13492: Puerto Ayacucho, Jun 1940. 

Jan-Jul 1942: Second expedition to T. F. Amazonas. 

Nrs. 

13800-1 3824: Forests and savannas around 

13825: Mouth of Rio Sanariapo, 15 Jan 

13826-1 3847: San Fernando de Atabapo 

13848-13854: Rio Atabapo, Cano Rana, 19 

Puerto Ayacucho, 11-13 Jan 1942. 

1942. 

and vicinity, 17-1 8 Jan 1942. 

Jan 1942. 

Sapo, 19 Jan 1942. 

Temi?], 20 Jan 1942. 

1942. 

13855-1 3859: Raudal Chamucina, 

13860-13861: Mouth of Rio Yavita 

13862-13867: Rio Temi, Yavita, 21 

Isla 

Rio 

13868-14040: Yavita and vicinity, 22-28 

14041-14179: Rio Temi, Yavita and vicin14180-14188: Forests of Pimichin, 7 Feb 

14189-14370: Maroa and vicinity, 9-14 

14371-14436: Maroa and vicinity, 16-20 

14437-1 4445: Pimichin, 20 Feb 1942. 

14446-14448: Maroa and vicinity, 21 Feb 

14449-14458: Rio Guainia, 23-25 Feb 

14459-14693: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 26 

14694-1 47 10: Santa Rosa de Amanadona, 

14711-14719: El Cocuy, 8 Mar 1942. 

14720-14726: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 9 

14727-14733: Rio Casiquiare, Solano, 10 

Jan 1942. 

ity, 28 Jan-4 Feb 1942. 

1942. 

Feb 1942. 

Feb 1942. 

1942. 

1942. 

Feb-7 Mar 1942. 

7-8 Mar 1942. 

Mar 1942. 

Mar 1942. 
NUMBER 56 

71 

rn 

I 

0 

0 

0 t 

D 67O 66' 65' 64' 6 

ESTADO BOLIVAR 

ESCALA GRAFICA 

B R A S I L 

0 67O 66O 65O 64' 

MAP 9.-Exploration by Williams, 1940-1944 (roman numeral = month, clustered dots = 

intensive collecting). 
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

14734-14785: Solano and vicinity, 11-12 

14786- 14796: Confluence Rios Guainia 

14797-14800 Rio Guainia, 17 Mar 1942. 

14801: Solano, 14 Mar 1942 [out of tem14802-14809 Maroa, 19 Mar 1942. 

14810: Rio Guainia, 20 Mar 1942. 

1481 1-14849: Victorino, 21-22 Mar 1942. 

14850-14927: Cano San Miguel, Rio 

14928- 14948: Cano Pimichin, 3 1 Mar- 1 

14949-14951: Pimichin to Yavita, 2 Apr 

14952-14958: Yavita, 3 Apr 1942. 

14959-14963: Rio Sanariapo, 15 Apr 1942. 

14964-1 4968: Minisia, 18 Apr 1942. 

14969-14977, 14981: Guarinuma (Rio Atabapo), 10 Apr 1942 [out of temporal sequence]. 

14978: San Fernando de Atabapo, 17 Apr 

1942 [out of temporal sequence]. 

14979-14980: Siquita, 12 Apr 1942 [out of 

temporal sequence]. 

14982-1 5002: Raudal Trapichote (Rio Orinoco), 20-21 Apr 1942. 

15003-1 5006: Raudal San Francisco (Rio 

Orinoco), 20 Apr 1942. 

15007: Raudal Santa Barbara, 25 Apr 1942. 

15008-1 5084: San Antonio de Orinoco, 

15085: Mouth of Cano Pato, 29 Apr 1942. 

15086- 15 164: Tamatama, 2-5 May 1942. 

15 165-1 5 189: Bifurcation of Orinoco into 

15 190-1 522 1 : Tamatama, 6-7 May 1942. 

15222-1 5244: Between Tamatama and Es15245-1 530 1 : Tamatama, 7-9 May 1942. 

15302-15516: Esmeralda, 13-19 May 

155 17- 155 19: Upper Casiquiare, 2 1-22 

15520-15832: Capihuara [= Capibara, on 

Mar 1942. 

and Negro, 13 Mar 1942. 

poral sequence]. 

Guainia, 23-27 Mar 1942. 

Apr 1942. 

1942. 

26-28 Apr 1942. 

Casiquiare, 5 May 1942. 

meralda, 7 May 1942. 

1942. 

May 1942. 

the Rio Casiquiare], 23 May-9 Jun 1942. 

15833-15869: Tamatama, 12-14 May 

1942 [excluding nr. 15836, collected at 

Capihuara on 10 May 19421. 

15870: Between mouth of Rio Parguaza and 

Raudal Atures, 14 Jun 1942 [doubtful 

locality]. 

1587 1 - 15944: Puerto Ayacucho, Raudales 

de Atures, 25-27 Jun 1942. 

15945: Puerto Ayacucho, 1 Jul 1942. 

15946-16068: Mouth of Rio Sanariapo, 

Sanariapo, 2-6 Ju1 1942. 

16069-16072: Puerto Ayacucho, 8 Jul 

1942. 

Notes: The following nrs. 16,073-16,178 have 

been collected in different localities of T. 

F. Amazonas during different months of 

the year 1942, without indication of exact 

date: 

Nrs. 

16,073, 16,078-16,082, 16,088-16,092, 

16,109, 16,113, 16,142, 16,154, 16,167- 

16,172: Capihuara (Rio Casiquiare), Jun 

1942. 

16,074-1 6,075, 16,083-1 6,086, 16,103, 

16,107-16,108, 16,137, 16,143-16,144, 

16,146-16,153, 16,164, 16,166, 16,173- 

16,177: Esmeralda, Jun 1942. 

16,076, 16,087, 16,098, 16,100-16,102, 

16,104-16,106,16,110-16,112,16,114- 

16,122, 16,126, 16,130-16,136, 16,138, 

16,155-16,156, 16,177: Yavita, Jan, Feb, 

and Jun 1942. 

16,077, 16,128, 16,158, 16,162: San Carlos 

de Rio Negro, Apr and Jun 1942. 

16,129: Isla Guarinuma (near San Carlos de 

Rio Negro), Feb 1942. 

16,159, 16,178: Maroa, Feb-Mar 1942. 

16,097, 16,127, 16,145, 16,157, 16,160- 

16,161, 16,165: Tamatama, Jun 1942. 

16,093, 16,163: Rio Sanariapo, Jun-Jul 

1942. 

16,094- 16,096: Puerto Ayacucho, Jun 

1942. 

Notes: During 1942 to 1944, Dr. Williams 

16,099, 16,123-16,125, 16,139-16,141, 
NUMBER 56 73 

served as Senior Field Technician in the 

Rubber Development Corporation, in 

charge of organizing and supervising the 

procurement of wild rubber in the upper 

Orinoco-Casiquiare basin. During this period the following botanical collections 

were made in T. F. Amazonas: 

Nrs. 

16 179- 16 183: Capihuara (Rio Casiquiare), 

3 Oct 1943. 

16184: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 30 Nov 

1943. 

16185: Santa Rosa de Amanadona, 30 Nov 

1943. 

16186-16187: Joj6 [?I, Casiquiare, Jan 

1944. 

16188: Playa Candela (middle Rio Casiquiare), Feb 1944. 

16189,16193-16199: Cano Yureba(midd1e 

Rio Ventuari), Jan 1944 [out of temporal 

sequence]. 

16200-1 620 1 : Cano Catirico (middle Rio 

Casiquiare), Feb 1944. 

16202-1 6203: Santa Rosa de Casiquiare, 

Feb 1944. 

16204: Playa Candela (middle Rio Casiquiare), Feb 1944. 

16205-16206: San Jose (lower Rio Casiquiare), Feb 1944. 

16207: Lower Rio Siapa, Feb 1944. 

Notes: All typewritten field notes at VEN. 

Botanical specimens collected in quadruplicate: first set at F; duplicate at VEN, 

NY, US. Several thousand wood samples 

at MAD (“Samuel J. Record Memorial 

Wood Collection ”). 

The data referring to the last expedition in 1943-1944 are sometimes confused and out of temporal and/or geographical sequence. Williams also made 

extensive botanical and wood collections 

in the Caura and Paragua basins (northeast of T. F. Amazonas) during 1939- 

1940. 

Wood, Charles 

19??- ; U.S.; Botanist (US. Peace Corps in 

Venezuela). 

23-30 Apr 1974: Puerto Ayacucho, San Carlos de Rio Negro and vicinity (with G. 

MORILLO and B. de Morillo). 

WURDACK, JOHN JULIUS 

1921- ; U.S.; Botanist (New York Botanical 

Garden). 

2 Nov 1950-2 1 Jan 195 1 : Cerro Duida, Cerro 

Huachamacari, Cerro Yapacana, Cerro 

Moriche (with B. MAGUIRE and R.S. 

Cowan). 

31 Jan-21 Feb 1951: Cerro Paru (Asisa) (with 

R.S. COWAN). 

21-23 Feb 1951: Santa Bairbara del Orinoco 

(with R.S. COWAN). 

15 Mar-24 Apr 1953: Upper Rio Orinoco, 

Rio Casiquiare, Rio Negro, down to 

Piedra Cocuy, Rio Guainia (with B. MAGUIRE and C.K. Maguire). 

7 Nov 1953-18 Feb 1954 Rio Orinoco, Rio 

Atabapo, Rio Casiquiare, Rio Guainia, 

Rio Pacimoni, Rio YatGa, Cerro de la 

Neblina (with B. MAGLJIRE and G.S. Bunting). 

9 Dec 1955-28 Jan 1956: Middle Orinoco 

(with J.V. Monachino). 

Nrs. 39750-39999, 40849-41427: [Only a 

few collections were made in T. F. Amazonas, on the Rio Orinoco between 

Puerto Ayacucho and the mouth of Rio 

Meta, during the first days of the expedition.] 

11 Sep-16 Oct 1957: Upper Rio Orinoco, Rio 

Atabapo, Rio Guainia, Rio Casiquiare, 

Rio Pacimoni (with B. MAGUIRE, C.K. Maguire, and W.M. Keith, Jr.). 

17 Oct 1957-14 Jan 1958: Rio Pacimoni, Rio 

YatGa, Cerro de la Neblina, and upper 

Rio Orinoco (with B. MAGUIRE and C.K. 

Maguire). 

29 May-8 Aug 1959: Middle and upper Rio 

Orinoco, Rio Atabapo, Rio Casiquiare, 

Rio Guainia, Rio Pacirnoni, Rio Siapa up 

to Raudal Gallineta (with L. Adderley). 

Nrs. 42,656-43,798; NY, VEN, US, MO, 

F, U, K, BM and others. 
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Notes: Specialist on New World Melastomata- dian basketry, in the Padamo region; Hames and Hames, 

ceae, Polygalaceae. Member of the “New 

York Botanical Garden’s Exploration Program of the Flora of the Guayana Highland” during 1950-1959 (see Map 5). 

Y ERENA, EDGARD 

1960- ; Venez.; Student of biology. 

5-1 8 Nov 1982: Cano Iguana, tributary of Rio 

Asita (5”24’N, 65”34’M7, 300 m), upper 

Ventuari basin. 

Nrs. 1-66; MYF. 

Notes: Ethnobotanical collections among Hoti 

Indians; part of the collections accompanied by W. Coppens. 

Zinck, Alfred 

1938- ; Venez.; Soil scientist (MARNR, Caracas). 

4-6 Aug 1978: Puerto Ayacucho and surroundings (with 0. HUBER). 

14-1 6 Jul 1980: Puerto Ayacucho to Rio Autana (with S. TILLETT and 0. Huber, 

“Heli-trip-VI” [first part only]). 

Zorrilla, C.J. 

1953- ; Venez.; Pharmacy student (UCV, Fac. 

de Farmacia, Caracas). 

28 Jan-8 Feb 1975: Esmeralda and vicinity, 

base of Cerro Duida (with N. FERRIGNI 

and E.A. Reyes). 

LIST OF POSSIBLE COLLECTORS 

The following persons may have collected 

plants in T. F. Amazonas, but no specimens have 

been seen by us, nor have they been cited in 

pertinent taxonomic or floristic literature concerning the Territorio Federal Amazonas: 

Biocca, Ettore (Italian biologist, visited Ocamo coming from 

Maturaca [Brazil] during 1963). 

Chagnon, Napoleon A. (U.S. anthropologist, studied Yanomami Indians at Mavaca during 1964-1972). 

Good, Kenneth (L.S. anthropologist; research, since 1976, 

on protein consumption among Yanomami Indians of the 

upper Orinoco and Siapa). 

Hanies, Raymond B., and I.L. Hanies (U.S. anthropologists; 

research, since 1976, on cultural ecology, including In1976). 

Kaplan, Joanna and Myron (British anthropologists, studying 

Piaroa Indians and their ethnobotany during 1969-1970, 

and 1977). 

Missionaries, of the evangelic “New Tribes Missions” (mainly 

U.S. citizens). 

Missionaries, of the Catholic Missions (“Padres Salesianos” 

[e.g., Padre Cocco], and Jesuits; mainly Italian and Spanish citizens). 

Zerries, Otto (German anthropologist, research on Yanomami Indians at Platanal, during 1954-1955, with M. 

Schuster; cites plant collections on page 17 of his publication “Mahekodotedi” [ 19741; possibly they are deposited at M?). 

Remarks on Future Explorations 

As is indicated on Map 10, most of the botanical collections made in T. F. Amazonas have 

been concentrated along riverine lowland areas 

and on the main mountains. There still remain 

large areas that have never been visited by any 

botanist, and their exploration is the great challenge for future generations of field botanists in 

this remote part of Venezuela. 

The following list contains the approximate 

total amount of botanical specimens collected by 

the twenty most important main collectors in T. 

F. Amazonas during the last 200 years. 

Maguire and collaborators 9000 

Huber 6000 

Steyermark 3900 

Liesner 3000 

Williams 2800 

Guanchez 2300 

Morillo 2000 

Tillett 1900 

Clark, H. 1800 

Davidse 1500 

Wurddck 1250 

Croizat 1200 

Colchester 1000 

Tate 870 

Delascio 840 

Berry 835 

Spruce 815 

Rui7 Teran 760 

Bunting 760 

Lister 750 

Total 43,280 
NUMBER 56 

00 

F IB 

I I 

A 

ESCALA GRAFICA 

S I L 

00 

75 

MAP 10.-Botanical collection coverage in T. F. Amazonas from 1800 to 31 Dec 1982 

(heavy lines = river trips, circles = heli-trips, clustered dots = intensive collecting). 
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

It may be inferred from the above list that, 

thus far, approximately 50,000 numbers of botanical specimens (without the inclusion of duplicates) have been accumulated by all the collectors 

from the entire Territorio. We estimate very 

roughly that these represent approximately 3000 

to 5000 species known from the Venezuelan 

portion of the Amazon basin. 

Doubtless, a few limited regions of T. F. Amazonas may be considered today to be adequately 

explored and known floristically; these include 

the region between Puerto Ayacucho and Samariapo, the summit region of Cerro Autana, 

the area around San Carlos de Rio Negro, and, 

to a certain extent, that around Esmeralda. However, there is little or no botanical knowledge of 

many other regions, and each trip in them results 

in new and noteworthy additions to the flora of 

the Territorio as well as taxa new to science. 

Remarkable in this respect are the Manapiare 

basin, which shows very interesting phytogeographical connections with areas in central Brazil, and the region south of the Casiquiare River, 

which is still very poorly known, especially the 

lowlands towards the southeast. Among upland 

areas, many tepuis need much more exploration, 

especially the slope vegetation; these include the 

massif Cuao-Sipapo-Paraque, Cerro Guanay, 

Cerro Camani, Cerro Yavi, Cerro Paru, and Serrania de la Neblina. Even Cerro Duida, which 

has received thus far the most intensive botanical 

collecting (1 3 expeditions), still has many unexplored parts, especially in the central and marginal eastern and western sections. Cerro Marahuaca, which was for a long time inaccessible, has 

received much attention during the last few 

years, but large areas within that great massif still 

remain unvisited by any naturalist. 

One of the least explored areas of T. F. Amazonas is the south-easternmost section, including 

the basin of the Rio Matapire, the adjacent Sierra 

del Unturan, and the huge massif formed by 

Serrania de la Neblina, Cerro Avispa, and Cerro 

Aracamuni. A large expedition with the duration 

of one entire year is planned to the “Sierra de la 

Neblina” National Park for the end of 1983, and 

it is expected that many new and interesting taxa 

will be discovered during this undertaking. 

Undoubtedly, the T. F. Amazonas harbors still 

many, many botanical treasures to be discovered 

in the future. We feel confident that Venezuela 

is fully aware of its privilege in possessing one of 

the richest and most promising centers of biological diversity and speciation in the entire world. 

The efforts of the many persons mentioned in 

this paper are only an initial step towards understanding this biological paradise. 
References 

The following list of references deals mainly with publications concerning the collectors, 

their itineraries, and other botanical or geographical accounts of their travels in the Territorio 

Federal Amazonas. Purely systematic or taxonomic publications or descriptions of new species 

discovered on the expeditions are generally not included here, because this would involve a 

separate treatment. It should be mentioned, however, that the majority of taxonomic literature 

referring to new species discovered in the T. F. Amazonas during the last 50 years has been 

published in the series “Botany of the Guayana Highland,” edited by Bassett Maguire and 

published in the Memoirs of the Neu~ York Botanical Garden since 1953. Other examples have 

appeared in Fiekfifina, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Brittonia, Bolethi de la Sociednd 

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[ 1958?]. 

Anonymous 

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REPUBLICA DE VENEZUELA 

Ministerio del Ambiente y de 10s Recursos Noturales Renovables 

DlRECClON GENERAL DE INFORMACION E INVESTIGACION EL AMBIENTE 

DlRECClON DE SUELOS VEGETACION Y FAUNA 

68' 67' 6 6O 65' 6 4' 6 3' 

t GUARINUMA \- 

0 i'i0 NUEVO) 

110 NEGRO /< > \ 4 

yotrio Laja pi0 a+' Piedra 

Arauicoua 

B R 

C.Vinilla 

A S 

b 

, f" C.. -. 

0 Km. I00 2 00 c 

ESCALA GRAFICA 

I L 

66' 65O 64O 

00 

63' 

MAP 1 

General Geography of Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. 

(Base map: CODESUR, 1975, scale 1 : 1,000,000). 

I 

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500m.