Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 127 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 32 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. VVALCOTT, DIRECTOR

B. M. Hall, 

Supcrr/.v hig En f>i\

U. S. Xfffcjgyfg)

Car/stead. Ecw Mexico.

OP

PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS

FOR

THE CALENDAR YEAR 1904

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF F. H. NEWELL

BY

M. R. HALL and JOHN C. HOYT

PART IV. Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha Rivers and Eastern Gulf of Mexico Drainages

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE

1905
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR :

UNITED -STATES GEOLOGICAL SUItTEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DiEECTOE

REPOBT

PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASURE!!

THE CALENDAR YEAR 1904

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF .F. H. NEWELL

BY

M. R. HALL and JOHN C. HOYT

PART IV. Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha Rivers and Eastern Gulf of Mexico Drainages

p''

ft>

WASHINGTON

6OVK»NMENT FEINTING OFFICE

1905
CONTENTS.

Page.

Letter of transmittal...................................................... 5

Introduction............................................................. 7

Cooperation and acknowledgments........................................ 16

Santee River drainage basin............................................... 17

Catawba River near Catawba, S. C................................. 20

Catawba River near Morganton, N. C....-.---.---........-.-....-. 23

John River near Morganton, N. C.................................. 26

Wateree River near Camden, S. C................................. 28

Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Alston, S. C...................... 28

Tiger River at Delta, S. C......................................... 31

Enoree River near Whitmire, S. C................................. 32

Saluda River near Waterloo, S. C.................................. 32

Reedy River near Waterloo, S. C.................................. 35

Miscellaneous measurements...................................... 36

Savannah River drainage basin............................................ 37

Tallulah River at Tallulah Falls, Ga............................... 37

Tugaloo River near Madison, S. C...-.--.------.-..--.---.-------. 39

Savannah River at Augusta, Ga...-..--..--......-....-.--....-... 42

Chauga River near Fort Madison, S. C. --.-.-.-..--...---..-.-.---. 46

Seneca River near Clemson College, S. C........................... 46

Rocky River near Calhonn Falls, S. C.................. -.-....--... 49

Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga............-...-...----. 50

Broad River (South Fork) near Carlton, Ga...............-..--.-.. 53

Miscellaneous measurements...................................... 53

Ogeechee Rivef drainage basin............................................ 54

Williamsons Swamp Creek at Davisboro, Ga....................... 54

Cannoachee River near Groveland, Ga............................. 56

Altamaha River drainage basin............................................ 59

South River near Lithonia, Ga.................................... 60

Ocmulgee River near Flovilla, Ga..-.....'----..-.-..--.----..-..... 63

Ocmulgee River at Macon, Ga..................................... 66

Alcovy River near Covington, Ga..-.......--..-.......--.-..-..-., 69

Apalachee River near Buckhead, Ga...----.............-.-...,.... 72

Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga ---...-..-.-.--..----..-..-..-.. 75

Oconee River at Millegeville, Ga.................................. 78

Oconee River at Dublin, 7 Ga....................................... » 81

Ohoopee River near Reidsville, Ga ................................ 85

Miscellaneous measurements......-....-.....-.....--..--..-...--. 88

Minor Southern Atlantic drainage basins.......-.--.-..-...-.-.......-..... 90

Miscellaneous measurements...................................... 90

Apalachicola River drainage basin..............--..--.-.-.--.............. 90

Chattahoochee River near Cornelia, Ga...-.........----.-......... 91

Chattahoochee River near Norcross, Ga............................ 92

Chattahoochee River at Oakdale, Ga............................... 95

Chattahoochee River at West Point, Ga............................. 98

Soque River near Demorest, Ga.................................... 101

Sweetwater Creek near Austell, Ga ..... .......................... 103

3
4 CONTENTS.

Apalachicola River drainage basin Continued. Page.

Mulberry Creek near Columbus, GA ............................... 105

Flint River near Woodbury, Ga...._.__-__........----.-----..---. 105

Flint River at A Ibauy, Ga......................................... 169

Big Potato Creek near Thomaston, Ga ........-....---...----...... 114

Muckalee Creek near Albany, Ga.................................. 114

Kinchafoonee Creek near Albany, Ga.....-....-......---........-. 115

Miscellaneous measurements.._........................-,-....--.. 116

Choctawhatchee River drainage basin...................................... 120

Choetawhatchee River near Geneva, Ala........................... 121

Double Bridges Creek at Geneva, Ala.............................. 122

Pea River at Pera, Ala............................................ 123

Escambia River drainage basin............................................ 125

Conecuh River at Beck, Ala....................................... 125

Mobile River drainage basin .............................................. 127

Alabama River at Selma, Ala...................................... 127

Etowah River at Canton, Ga ...................................... 130

Etowah River near Rome, Ga..................................... 133

Coosa River at Riverside, Ala ..................................... 136

Oostanaula River at Resaca, Ga ........................ ^........... 138

Coosa watee River at Carters, Ga.................... .............. 139

Cartecay River near Cartecay, Ga.................................. 142

Ellijay River near Ellijay, Ga..:................_..._...__........ 143

Mountaintown Creek near Ellijay, Ga.............................. 144

Talking Rock Creek near Carters, Ga............---..---..--...... 144

Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala............................... 145

Talladega Creek at Nottingham, Ala. ............................... 148

Tallapoosa River at Buchanan Bridge, near Tallapoosa, Ga.......... 150

Tallapoosa River at Adderhold Bridge, near .Tallapoosa, Ga.......... 151

Tallapoosa River near Heflin, Ala ................................. 152

Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala ...............'...........-.... 153

Little Tallapoosa River 3 miles north of Wedowee, Ala..... 2........ 156

Little Tallapoosa River 6 miles northwest of Wedowee, Ala ......... 157

Cahaba River at Centerville, Ala ..........--...........-.--..-...- 157

Tombigbee River at Columbus, Miss.......-......-.....----.-..... 160

Black Warrior River near Cordova, Ala. ........................... 163

Black Warrior River at Tuscaloosa, Ala............................ 167

Clear Creek near Elk, Ala................................... v .... 169

Black Water Creek near Jasper, Ala............................... 170

Black Warrior River (Locust Fork) at Palos, Ala................... 171

Miscellaneous measurements ...................................... 174

Pearl River drainage basin................................................ 177

Pearl River at Jackson, Miss...................................... 177

Minor Eastern Gulf of Mexico drainage basins ............................. 180

Miscellaneous measurements .1................................... 180

Index................................................................... 181

JLLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. Map showing location of principal gaging stations in the United

States........................................................ 8

II. Price current meters, with buzzers............................... 10

FIG. 1. Cable station, showing section of the river, car, gage, etc .....,,,,,.. 9
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

HYDROGRAPHIC BRANCH, 

Washington, D. 61, April 4, 1905.

SIR: I transmit herewith the manuscript of Part IV of a series of 

twelve papers which compose the Report of Progress of Stream 

Measurements for the Calendar Year 1904. Parts 1 to VI of this 

report contain the results of the data collected in the territory east of 

Mississippi River. Parts VII to XII are devoted to the data collected in the territory west of the Mississippi.

The larger part of the original data for this report was collected 

under the direction of District Hydrographer M. R. Hall, who was 

assisted by W. E. Hall, J. M. Giles, and B. S. Drane. The assembling 

of the data and its preparation for publication were done under the 

direction of John C. Hoyt, who has been assisted by R. H. Bolster, 

Robert Follansbee, Wilfis E. Hall, A. H. Horton, H. D. Comstock, 

and H. M. Morse.

I request that, this manuscript be published as one of the series of 

Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers. 

Very respectfully,

F. H. NEWELL, Chief Engineer. 

Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT,

Director United States G-eological /Survey.
PROGRESS REPORT OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS 

FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1904.

IV.

Bv M. R. HALL and JOHN C. HOYT.

INTRODUCTION.

The hydrographic work of the United States Geological Survey 

includes the collection of facts concerning and the study of conditions 

affecting the behavior of water from the time it reaches the earth as 

rain or snow1 until it joins the oceans or great navigable rivers. These 

investigations became a distinct feature of the work of the Survey in 

the fall of 1888, when an instruction camp was established at Embudo, 

N. Mex. Since that date the work has been continually and gradually 

extended as larger funds became available. The first distinctive appropriation for gaging streams was made by the act of August 18, 1894, 

which contained an item of $12,500, "for gaging the streams and 

determining the water supply of the United States, including the 

investigation of underground currents' and artesian wells in the arid 

and semiarid sections." (Digest of Appropriations for 1895, p. 270.)

Since that time a similar act has been passed each year and the 

appropriations have gradually increased, as shown in the following 

table:

Annual appropriations for hydrographic surveys.

Year ending June 30,1895............................................... $12, 500

Year ending June 30,1896............................................... 25,000

Year ending June 30,1897............................................... 50,000

Year ending June 30,1898............................................... 50,000

Yisar ending June 30,1899............................................... 50,000

Yi;ar ending June 30,1900............................................... 50,000

Yi ;ar ending June 30,1901............................................... 100,000

Y< ;ar ending June 30,1902............................................... 100,000

YI jar ending June 30,1903............................................... 200, 000

Y jar ending June 30,1904............................................... 200,000

Y jar ending June 30,1905............................................... 200,000

Year ending June 30,1906............................................... 200,000

The chief feature of the work of the hydrographic division is the 

systematic study of the flow of the surface waters and the conditions

.7
8 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

affecting the same. In this connection other information that may be 

of use to the engineer or others in hydrographic studies, such as river 

profiles, duration and extent of damage by floods, water-power data, 

etc., is collected. Furthermore, the work has been so directed that' 

the information collected will be of direct value in the commercial and 

agricultural development of the country.

As a result of the increased appropriations since June 30, 1902, the 

work has been largely extended and thoroughly systemized. The 

various States have been grouped into districts, each of which is under 

the supervision of a district hydrographer who, with a corps of assistants, devotes his whole time to the study of the hydrographic resources 

of his district.

The methods used in the collection of these data and in their preparation for publication are given in detail in Water-Supply Paper No. 

9-t. (Hydrographic Manual, U. S. Geol. Survey.)

The general plan of stream gaging which has been developed is to 

obtain eventually data in regard to the flow of all the important streams 

in the United States. With this in view gaging stations are established 

at points where the data will be of greatest commercial value. At 

these stations discharge measurements are taken from time to time 

at typical river stages, and the daily surface fluctuation is obtained by 

means of gage readings. From these two factors it is possible to 

estimate both the total flow and its distribution through the period 

of observation.

The selection of the site for a gaging station and the length of time 

the station is maintained depend largely upon the needs of each locality. If the stream is to be used for water power, special efforts are 

made to obtain information concerning the low-water flow. If water 

is to be stored, the high waters are given special attention. In all sections certain permanent stations are maintained for general statistical 

purposes to show the conditions which exist through long periods. 

They also act as primary stations, and are used in connection with 

short series of measurements to determine the flow in particular 

portions of the drainage basin.

Gaging stations are divided into two general classes: First, currentmeter stations, and, second, weir stations. The former class is subdivided as to location into bridge, cable, boat, and wading stations. 

Fig. 1 shows a cable station with car, tag line, inclined gage, etc. In 

addition to the bridge, cable, or boat, the equipment of a currentmeter gaging station consists in a gage for determining the daily fluctuations of the water surface, bench marks to which the zero of the 

gage is referred, and permanent marks on the bridge or a tagged line 

indicating the points of measurement. Where the current is swift 

some appliance, generally a secondary cable, is necessary to hold the 

meter, below the surface.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 127 PL. I

187° 124 123 121 119 117° 115° 113° 111" 107° 105" 108° 101° . 99 ff M° 79 77 »° 7J° 71

119° 117° 115° 113° 111° 109° 107° 105° 108* 101° W 97° 95° 93

MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, SHOWING JLOCATION OF PRINCIPAL BIVER STATIONS MAINTAINED DURING 19O4.
HALL AND"!

HOYT. J

INTRODUCTION. 9

Gaging stations are generally located at bridges, if the channel conditions are satisfactory, as from them the meter can be easily manipulated and the cost of the equipment is comparatively small. The 

stations are located as far as possible at points where the channel is 

straight, both above and below the gaging section, and where there 

are no cross currents, backwater, or boils. The bed of the stream 

should be as clear as possible from large projections and of a permanent character. The banks should be high, and should overflow at 

high stages only. At stations with shifting beds more measurements 

are made, and special methods of computing daily discharges are 

employed. Great care is taken in the selection and equipment of 

gaging stations, in order that the data may have the required degree 

of accuracy.

On many of the larger rivers, where water power is developed by 

dams, estimates of flow are obtained by observing the head on the 

crest and using a weir formula. On the smaller streams sharp-crested 

weirs are in some cases erected.

PIG. 1. Cable station, showing section of river, car, gage, etc.

The principal instrument used in stream-measurement work is the 

current meter, by which the velocity of the flow of water is determined. After years of experience the Survey has adopted the Price 

current meter for general work. This meter, as is shown on PI. JI, is 

made in two sizes, known as the large and small Price. The small 

Price has been largely developed by the officers of the Survey, using 

the Price acoustic meter as a basis.

A discharge measurement is the determination of the quantity of 

water flowing past a certain point at a given time. This quantity is 

the product of two factors: (1) The mean velocity, which is the function of the cross section, surface, slope, wetted perimeter, and roughness of bed; (2) the area, which depends upon the permanency of the 

bed and the fluctuations of the surface, which govern the depth.

In making the measurement an arbitrary number of points are laid 

off perpendicular to the thread of the stream (see fig. 1). These points 

are usually at regular intervals varying from 2 to 20 feet, depending
10 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

upon the size and conditions of the stream. They are known as 

measuring points, and at them the observed data, the velocities and 

soundings, are taken. The perpendiculars dropped from the measuring points divide this gaging section into strips, and for each strip or 

pair of strips the mean velocity, area, and discharge are determined 

independently; thus conditions existing in one part of the stream are 

not distributed to parts where they do not apply.

The methods of obtaining velocity with the current meters which 

are in general use may be grouped into three classes: Single point, 

multiple point, and integration.

The single-point method consists in holding the meter either at the 

depth of the thread of mean velocity or at an arbitrary depth for 

which the coefficient for reducing to mean velocity has been determined. Extensive experiments by vertical velocity-curves show that 

the thread of mean velocity lies at from 0.5 to 0.7 of the total depth. 

In general practice the thread of mean velocity is considered to be at 

0.6 depth, and it is at this depth that the meter is held in the majority 

of the measurements, this being known as the six-tenths depth method. 

It is found by a large number of vertical velocity-curve measurements, 

taken on various streams and under various conditions, that the coefficient for reducing the velocity obtained at sixth-tenths depth to mean 

velocity is practically unity, ranging, in a series of 910 measurements 

made at 39 gaging stations, between 0.94 and 1.0-4, with a mean for 

the 910 observations of 1.00. In the other principal single-point 

method the meter is held near the surface, usually 1 foot below, or 

low enough to be out of the action of the wind or other disturbing 

influences. This is known as the subsurface method. The coefficient 

for reducing the velocities taken at the subsurface has been found by 

repeated experiments with vertical velocity-curves to be from 0.85 to 

0.95, depending upon the depth of the stream and velocity and channel 

conditions. This method is specially adapted for flood measurements 

or when the velocity is so great that the meter can not be kept at 0.6 

depth.

The three principal multiple-point methods in general use are: The 

vertical velocity curve; top and bottom; and top, bottom, and mid 

depth. In the vertical velocity-curve method a series of velocity 

determinations are taken in the vertical at regular intervals, usually 

from 0.5 to 1 foot apart. By platting these velocities as abscissas and 

their depths as ordinates, and drawing a smooth curve through these 

points, the vertical velocity-curve is produced, which shows the 

change in velocity from the surface to the bottom of the stream. The 

mean velocity in the vertical is then obtained by dividing the depth 

into the area bounded by this mean velocity curve and the initial line. 

Owing to the length of time it takes to make these measurements, they 

are seldom used except for determining coefficients for purposes of 

comparison and for measurements under iee.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 127 PL. II

PRICE CURRENT METERS, WITH BUZZERS.
HAHOYTND] INTRODUCTION. 11

In the second multiple-point method the meter is held from 0.5 to 1 

foot below the surface and about 0.5 foot above the bottom, and the 

mean o'f the velocities at these two points is taken as the mean velocity 

for that vertical. This method is not well adapted for general work, 

as the roughness of the bottom disturbs the velocity at that point. 

For shallow streams with comparatively smooth beds good results are 

obtained by this method. In the third multiple-point method the 

meter is held at mid depth, 0.5 foot below the surface, and 0.5 foot 

above the bottom, and the mean velocity is determined by dividing the 

sum of the top velocity, twice the mid-depth velocity, and the bottom 

velocity by 1.

The vertical-integration method consists in moving the meter at a 

slow, uniform speed from the surface to the bottom and back again to 

the surface. The number of revolutions and the time taken in the 

operation is noted, and the mean velocity is found by dividing the 

number of revolutions by the number of seconds taken in the run. 

This method has the advantage in that the velocity at each point of 

the vertical is measured twice. It is well adapted for measurements 

under ice and as a check on the point methods.

The area, which is the other factor for determining the discharge of 

the stream, depends upon the stage of the river, which is taken on a 

gage, and the general contour of the bed of the stream, which is found 

by sounding. The soundings are usually taken at each measuring point 

at the time of the discharge measurement, either by using the meter 

and cable or by a special sounding line or rod. For stations with permanent beds standard cross sections are usually taken during low water. 

These sections serve to check the soundings which are taken at the time 

of the measurements, and from them any change which may have taken 

place in the bed of the stream can be detected. They are also used for 

obtaining the area for use in high-water measurement computations, 

as accurate soundings are hard to obtain at high stages.

In computing the discharge measurements from the observed velocities and depths at the various points of measurements the measuring 

section is divided into elementary strips, as «hown in fig. 1, and the 

mean velocity, area, and discharge are determined separately for either 

a single or double strip. The total discharge and area are the sums of 

those for the various strips, and the mean velocity is obtained by dividing the total discharge by the total area.

The volume of water flowing in a stream is known as run-off. In 

expressing it various units are used, depending upon the kind of work 

for which the data are needed. Those used in this report are " secondfeet,'1 "acre-feet," "run-off per square mile," and "run-off in depth 

in inches,' 1 and may be defined as follows:

"Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second, and is 

the body of water flowing in a stream 1 foot wide, 1 foot deep, at a 

rate of 1 foot per second.
12 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

The "acre-foot"1 is the unit of capacity used in connection with 

storage for irrigation work, and is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet. It 

is the quantity required to cover an acre to a depth of 1 foot. There 

is a convenient relation between the second-foot and the acre-foot; 1 

second-foot flowing for twenty-four hours will deliver 86,400 cubic 

feet, which equals 1.9835 acre-feet, or, approximately, 2 acre-feet.

The expression ""second-feet per square mile" means the average 

number of cubic feet of water flowing each second from every square 

mile of drainage area, on the assumption that the run-off is uniformly 

distributed.

"Depth in inches*1 means the depth of water in inches that would 

have covered the drainage area, uniformly distributed, if all the water 

could have accumulated on the surface. This quantity is used for 

comparing run-off with rainfall, which quantity is usually given in 

depth in inches.

It should be noticed that "acre-feet" and "depth in inches" represent the actual quantities of water which are produced during the 

periods in question, while ' 'second-feet,'1 '1 on the contrary, is merely a 

rate of flow per second.

The, base data for computing the daily discharge of a stream are the 

daily gage heights and the various discharge measurements, of which 

there should be sufficient number to cover the range of stage. The 

fundamental laws upon which these computations are based are the 

following:

(1) The discharge will remain constant so long as the conditions at 

or near the gaging station remain constant;

(2) Neglecting the change of slope due to the rise and fall of the 

stream, the discharge will be the same whenever the stream is at a 

given stage; and

(3) The discharge is both,a function of, and increases gradually with, 

the gage heights. (2 and 3 depend on 1.)

As the beds of many streams are changeable, the problem divides 

itself into two classes: (1) Those of streams with permanent, or practically permanent, beds,-and (2) those of streams with changeable beds. 

The base data and methods of obtaining them are the same for either 

class, and it is only in the computation of the mean daily flow that 

different methods are necessary.

In determining the daily discharge of streams with permanent beds 

the results of the discharge measurements are plotted on cross-section 

paper, with gage heights as ordinates and discharges as abscissas. 

Through these points a smooth curve, is drawn, which shows the discharge for any gage height, and from whiclra rating table is prepared. 

Aside from plotting the discharge, the mean velocity and area determined for each discharge measurement are plotted. Through these 

points the curves of mean velocity and of area are drawn, and the 

rating curve is largely determined by taking the product of the mean
HAHnvt HOYT. ND l J

INTRODUCTION. 13

velocity and the area at various stages as, determined by these curves. 

These curves of mean velocity and area are of special value to determine 

the location of the rating curve for stages at which actual discharge 

measurements are not available and for extending the discharge curve 

outside the limits of the measurements. In the preparation of the rating 

table the discharge for each tenth or half tenth on the gage is found 

from the curve. The first and second differences of these discharges 

are then taken and adjusted according to the law that they shall either 

be constant or increasing, never decreasing. The discharges in the 

table are then changed in accordance with these adjusted differences. 

In making up the station-rating curve the individual discharge measurements and the conditions under which they were taken are carefully 

studied, in order that proper weight shall be given to each measurement. Rating curves in general take the form of a parabola, and as a 

rule the high-water portion of the curve approaches a straight line. 

For stations of permanent character the results of the measurements 

from year to year should be within 5 per cent of the curve, with the 

exception of those taken during high water, when the probable error 

may be as high as 10 per cent.

The determination of the daily discharge of streams with changeable beds is difficult, and unless frequent discharge measurements 

tire made the results obtained are only roughly approximate. For 

.streams with continual!}7 shifting beds, such as Colorado River and the 

Rio Grande, discharge measurements are made every two or three 

days, and the discharges for the intervening days are obtained by 

interpolation, modified by the gage heights for these days. For stations with beds which shift slowly, or are only materially changed 

during floods, station-rating curves and tables can be prepared for the 

periods between changes, and satisfactory results can be obtained with 

two or three measurements a month, providing measurements are 

taken soon after the changes take place.

In determining the now for periods when the streams are frozen, 

special rating curves and tables have to be prepared from measurements taken under these conditions. The methods of constructing 

these curves and tables are the same as for open sections. The discharge measurements, however, are either taken by integration in 

verticals or by the vertical velocity-curve method, as sufficient experiments have not been made on ice-covered streams u> determine the 

laws which govern the position of the thread of mean velocity.

The Report of Progress of Stream Measurements for the Calendar 

Year 1904, of which this is Part IV, is published in a series of twelve 

Water-Supply Papers, Nos. 121-135, inclusive, under the follo'wing 

subtitles:

Part 1. Atlantic coast of New England drainage.

Part 2. Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware River drainages.
14 STKEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Part 3. Susquehanna, Patapsco, Potomac, James, Roanoke, Cape Fear, and Yadkin 

River drainages.

Part 4. Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers and Eastern Gulf of 

Mexico drainage.

Part 5. Eastern Mississippi River drainage.

Part 6. Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River drainage.

Part 7. Hudson Bay, Minnesota, Wapsipinicon, Iowa, Des Moines, and Missouri 

River drainages.

Part 8. Platte, Kansas, Meremac, Arkansas, and Red River drainages. 

. Part 9. Western Gulf of Mexico drainage.

Part 10. Colorado River and Great Basin drainage.

Part 11. The Great Basin and Pacific Ocean drainage in California.

Part 12. Columbia River and Puget Sound drainage.

The territory covered by each paper is given in the subtitle, and 

the larger drainages are, for convenience in arrangement, subdivided 

into smaller ones, under which the data are arranged, as far as practicable, geographically.

These papers contain the data that have been collected at the regular 

gaging stations, the results of the computations based upon the observations and such other information that has been collected that has a 

direct bearing on these data including, as far as practicable, descriptions of the drainage areas and the streams draining them.

For each regular station are given, as far as available, the following 

data:

1. Description of station.

2. List of discharge measurements.

3. Gage-height table.

4. Eating table.

5. Table of estimated monthly and yearly discharges and run-off.

The descriptions of stations give, as far as possible, such general 

facts about the locality and equipment as would enable the reader to 

find the station and use the same. They also give, as far as possible, 

a complete history of all the changes that have occurred since the 

establishment of the station that would be factors in using the data 

collected.

The discharge-measurement table gives the results of the discharge 

measurements made during the year. This includes the date, the 

hydrographer's name, the gage height, and the discharge in secondfeet.

The table of daily gage heights gives for each day the mean height 

of the surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings taken on that day. At most of the stations the gage is read in 

the morning and in the evening.

The rating table gives discharges in second-feet corresponding to 

each stage of the river as given by the gage heights.

In the table of estimated run-off the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was the
HAHOYTNB] INTRODUCTION. 15

highest, and it is the flow as given in the rating table for that mean 

gage height. As the gage height is the mean for the day, there might 

have been short periods when the water was higher and the corresponding discharge larger than given in this column. Likewise in the 

column of "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the 

day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed 

'"Mean" gives the average flow for each second during the month. 

Upon this mean the computations for the three remaining columns 

which are defined on- pages 11 and 12 are based.

In the computations for the tables of this report the following general and special rules have been used:

Fundamental mles for computation.

1. The highest degree of precision consistent with the rational use of time and 

money is imperative.

2. All items of computation should in general be expressed by at least two and by 

not more than four significant figures.

3. Any measurement in a vertical velocity, mean velocity, or discharge curve 

whose per cent of error is 5 times the average per cent error of all the other measurements should be rejected.

4. In reducing the number of significant figures, or the number of decimal places, 

by dropping the last figure, the following rules apply:

(a) When the figure in the place to be rejected is less than 5, drop it without 

changing the preceding figure. Example: 1,827.4 becomes 1,827.

(b) When the figure in the place to be rejected is greater than 5, drop it and 

increase the preceding figure by 1. Example: 1,827.6 becomes 1,828.

(c) When the figure in the place to be rejected is 5, and it is preceded by an even 

figure, drop the 5. Example: 1,828.5 becomes 1,828.

(d) When the figure in the place to be rejected is 5, and it is preceded by an odd 

figure, drop the 5 and increase the preceding figure by 1. Example: 1,827.5 

becomes 1,828.

5. In constructing and applying rating tables a maximum limit of one-half per 

cent error should seldom be exceeded.

Special rules for computation.

1. Rating tables are to be constructed as close as the data upon which they are 

based will warrant. No decimals are to be used when the discharge is over 50 

second-feet.

2. Daily discharges shall be applied directly to the gage heights as they are 

tabulated.

3. Monthly means are to be carried out to one decimal place when the quantities 

are below 100 second-feet. Between 100 and 10,000 second-feet, the last figure in 

the monthly mean shall be a significant figure. This also applies to the yearly 

mean.

4. Second-feet per square mile and depth in inches for the individual months shall 

be carried out at least to three significant figures, except in the case of decimals, 

where the first significant figure is preceded by one or more " 0," when the quantity 

shall be carried out to two significant figures. Example: 1.25; .125; .012; .0012. 

The yearly means for these quantities are always to be expressed in three significant 

figures and at least two decimal places.
16 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

The results of the stream measurements made during previous years 

by the United States Geological Survey can be found in the followingSurvey publications. A detailed index of the reports for years previous to 1904 is given in Water-Supply Paper No. 119.

1888. Tenth Annual Report, Part II.

1889. Eleventh Annual Report, Part II.

1890. Twelfth Annual Report, Part II.

1891. Thirteenth Annual Report, Part III.

1892. Fourteenth Annual Report, Part II.

1893. Bulletin No. 131.

1894. Bulletin No. 131; Sixteenth Annual Report, Part II.

1895. Bulletin No. 140.

1896. Water-Supply Paper No. 11; Eighteenth Annual Report, Part IV.

1897. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 15 and 16; Nineteenth Annual Report, 

Part IV.

1898. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 27 and 28; Twentieth Annual Report, 

Part IV.

1899. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 35 to 39, inclusive; Twenty-first Annual 

Report, Part IV.

1900. Water-Supply Papers No.s. 47 to 52, inclusive; Twenty-second Annual 

Report, Part IV.

1901. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 65 and 75. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 66 and 75.

1902. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 82 and 83. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 84 and 85.

1903. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 97 and 98. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 99 and 100.

1904. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 124 to 129, inclusive. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 130 to 135, 

inclusive.

A limited number of these are for free distribution, and as long as 

the supply lasts they may be obtained by application to the Director 

United States Geological Survey or to members of Congress. Other 

copies are filed with the Superintendent of Public Documents, Washington, D. C., from whom they may be had at prices slightly above 

cost. Copies of Government publications are, as a rule, furnished to 

the public libraries in our large cities, where they may be consulted 

by those interested.

COOPERATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Most of the measurements presented in this paper have been obtained 

through local hydrographers. Acknowledgment is extended to other 

persons and corporations who have assisted local hydrographers or have 

cooperated in any way, either by furnishing records of the height of 

water or by assisting in transportation.

The following list, arranged alphabetically by States, gives the names 

of the resident hydrographers and others who have assisted in furnishing and preparing the data contained in this report:
HAHOYTND ] SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 17

Alabama. District hydrographer, M. R. Hall,« assisted by J. M. Giles, W. E. Hall, 

and B. S. Drane. Dr. E. A. Smith, State geologist, has paid the salaries of river 

observers at Beck, Pera, Sturdevant, Jenifer, Riverside, Nottingham, Elk, and Centerville. Gage heights were furnished by the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, for 

Palos, Cordova, and Tuscaloosa, and by the United States Weather Bureau observer, 

F. P. Chaffee, for Selma and Montgomery.

Georgia. District hydrographer, M. R. Hall, assisted by J. M. Giles, W. E. Hall, 

B. S. Drane, F. A. Murray, and O. P. Hall. Prof. W. S. Yeates, State geologist, has 

paid the salaries of river observers at Tallulah Falls, Groveland, Davisboro, Reidsville, Milledgeville (part of year), Greensboro, Buckhead, Flovilla, Lithonia, Covington, Norcross, Demorest, Freemans, Cantons, Carters, and Cartecay. J. M. Youngblood has furnished, without cost, gage heights for Augusta. The following United 

States Weather Bureau officials have furnished gage heights for the United States 

Weather Bureau stations, as noted in the description of stations: D. Fisher, Augusta, 

Ga.; J. B. Marbury, Atlanta, Ga.; and J. R. Weeks, Macon, Ga. Transportation has 

been furnished by J. S. B. Thompson, general agent of the Southern Railway; by 

E. Berkley, superintendent of the third division of the Seaboard Air Line Railway; 

by Thomas K. Scott, general manager of the Georgia Railroad; by James T. Wright, 

vice-president and general manager of the Macon, Dublin and Savannah Railroad; 

by J. H. Ellis, vice-president and general manager of the Atlanta, Knoxville and 

Northern Railway; by C. A. Wickersham, president and general manager, Atlanta 

and West Point Railway and Western Railway of Alabama; by W. L. Mapother, 

assistant to president of Louisville Railroad. The above transportation was not 

confined to the State of Georgia, but was also furnished for the States of South 

Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee.

Mississippi. District hydrographer. M. R. Hall, assisted by J. M. Giles and W. E. 

Hall. Gage heights were furnished by the United States Weather Bureau officials 

for the stations at Yazoo City and Columbus.

North Carolina. District hydrographer, M. R. Hall, assisted by J. M. Giles, B. S. 

Drane, and 0. P. Hall. Dr. C. A. Schenck, director of the Biltmore School of Forestry, paid the gage readers at Davidsons River, Sitton, and Pinkbed.

South Carolina. District hydrographer, M. R. Hall, assisted by J. M. Giles, W. E. 

Hall, B. S. Drane, and F. A. Murray.

SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Santee River is formed in the central part of South Carolina by 

the junction of Congaree and Wateree rivers, flows southeast, and 

enters the Atlantic Ocean about 10 miles north of Cape Rornain. It 

has a total length of about 180 miles (following the course of the river) 

and drains an area of about 15,000 square miles. It is a navigable 

stream for its entire length, and of course offers no opportunities for 

the development of power.

Wateree River, the more northerly of the two parent streams, rises 

on the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge, in McDowell County, N. C., 

and flows first northeast and then east, then bends abruptly southeast 

and flows in this general direction across the south-central portion of 

North Carolina and across the north-central part of South Carolina to 

its junction with the Congaree, practically paralleling the course of 

Yadkin arid Pedee rivers. This stream, throughout its course in 

North Carolina, and also through that part of its course in South Carolina above the mouth of Wateree Creek, is known as Catawba River.

a Office of district hydrographer for South Atlantic States, 409 Temple Court, Atlanta, Ga. 

IRE 127 05 2
18 STKEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. tNO- 127-

The total length of the stream is about 270 miles in a straight line, and 

about 450 miles when all the windings are followed.

The Wateree is navigable as far as Caniden, but above that point 

the fall is so great that navigation is impracticable. In 1826 and 

following years the State of South Carolina spent large sums in the 

attempt to render the river navigable by means of locks and dams. 

Some large and important works were constructed at great expense, 

but the undertaking was abandoned before their completion.

The drainage basin resembles that of the Yadkiu in many respects, 

the upper portion of the stream flowing between parallel ranges of 

mountains, from which it receives many tributaries, affording much 

power. The average width of the valley of the main stream in North 

Carolina is only from 15 to 20 miles, and the fall in the main stream 

is considerable. The greater part of the drainage basin is hilly, and 

the upper portions are mountainous. A number of the tributary 

streams rise and flow for almost their entire length in high mountains. 

About 65 per cent of the upper part of the basin is in forest. Linville and John rivers, the principal tributaries in North Carolina, 

flow in country of this character, and their basins are almost entirely 

forested.

Wateree River crosses the fall line about 5 miles above Camclen, 

S. C., in rapids about 5 miles in length, with a total fall of about 52 

feet. The Great Falls of the Catawba are some distance above. This 

is the largest power in South Carolina, and one of the largesjt in the 

Southern States, the available fall being 173 feet.

The average rainfall in the basin is about 50 inches, the annual total 

increasing as the stream is ascended. The greatest flood ever experienced on the river was in May, 1901, the gage reading at the Rockhill station being 24.15 feet, and the measured discharge nearly 151,000 

second-feet, or nearly 50 second-feet per square mile from the drainage 

basin above the station. The greatest flood previously experienced 

on the stream was in 1865. This was only about 2 feet lower than the 

flood of May, 1901, on the lower part of the river, but the May rise 

exceeded all previous records on the upper portion of the river by 

from 8 to 15 feet.

The minimum flow recorded for the Rockhill station is 1,300 secondfeet, or about 0.43 second-foot per square mile. This occurred in 

September, 1895 and 1896. The maximum flow is about 116 times the 

minimum. During 1904 the minimum flow was 810 second-feet at the 

Catawba station. This was due to the storing of water at the new 

dam near Rockhill.

The Congaree, the second and more southerly of the two streams, 

which by their union form the Santee, is formed by the junction of 

Broad and Saluda rivers between Lexington and Richland counties, 

S. C., whence it flows in a general southeasterly direction, but in a very
HAHOYTND ] SANTEE EIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 19

tortuous channel, for about 60 miles to its junction with the Wateree. 

The stream is navigable to Columbia, the capital of the State. There 

it crosses the fall line, giving rise to a very line water power, the only 

one on the stream, which is being extensively used in the manufacturing enterprises of Columbia.

Broad River rises on the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge near 

Hickory Nut Gap, in the southwestern part of McDowell County and 

the northeastern part of Henderson County, N. C., and flows in a 

general southeasterly direction across a portion of south-central North 

Carolina and north-central South Carolina to its junction with the 

Saluda at Columbia. The length of the river in a straight line is 

about 128 miles, but it is much greater if the course of the river 

is followed.

In general character the drainage basin closely resembles those of 

the Yaclkin and the Catawba. It lies entirely above the fall line, is 

without lakes, and is well wooded, especially in the upper portion, and 

the soil is generally loose and porous,

The rainfall of the basin averages about 51 inches, of which about 

13 inches fall in spring, the same in summer, about 10 in autumn, and 

about 15 in winter. It is probable that the precipitation in the region 

about the headwaters is much greater than these amounts indicate.

The maximum flood recorded at the Alston station on this stream, 

25 miles above Columbia, occurred in May, 1901, the estimated discharge being 131,000 second-feet, equivalent to about 28 second-feet 

per square mile. The minimum flow recorded at the same place is 

1,250 second-feet, equivalent to 0.27 second-foot per square mile. 

This occurred during October, 1904. The maximum flow is therefore 

about 105 times the minimum.

Saluda River is formed in western South Carolina by the junction 

of the North, South, and Middle forks, and flows southeast to its junction with Broad River, the length of the stream being about 110 miles 

in a straight line. The three forks are mountain streams, and the 

character of the drainage basin is similar to that of Broad River.

The average rainfall over the basin of the stream is 51 inches, the 

amount and seasonal distribution being similar to that on the Broad. 

The maximum flood recorded at the Waterloo station on this stream 

occurred in February; 1902, the rise being 23 feet above low water, 

and the estimated discharge being about 18,500 second-feet, equivalent to about 18 second-feet per square mile. The minimum discharge so far recorded is 200 second-feet, or about 0.19 second-foot 

per square mile. This occurred during October, 1904. The maximum 

discharge is therefore about 108 times the minimum.

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this 

drainage during 1904.
20 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

CATAWBA RIVER NEAR CATAWBA, S. C.

This station was established in order to continue the records on 

Catawba River after the Rockhill station had been abandoned. No 

very favorable section was found, but this one was selected as the 

most available one, and a temporary gage was put in by J. M. Giles 

on September 11, 1903, in order to start the gage-height records.

The station is located at the bridge of the Southern Railway, 2 miles 

southeast of Catawba, S. C., and about 2 miles below the crossing of 

the Seaboard Air Line Railway. The deck bridge, from which measurements are made, is a three-span wooden-lattice structure about 520 

feet long, with 250 feet of trestle approach on right bank and 160 feet 

on the left bank. At ordinary stages the river is about 490 feet wide; 

at high stages the banks, which are rather high, will overflow to some 

extent, but all water will pass under the bridge and its approaches. 

The bed is partly rock and will probably shift little. The channel is 

straight above and below the bridge. The current is sluggish at low 

water rather too much so for accurate work. The bridge is not quite 

at right angles with the current and corrections are made to the 

widths in computing measurements.

The measurements are made from a plank footway on the lower 

members of the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the river 

edge of the capstone on the left bank pier. The gage is a vertical 

1 by 4 inch timber, reading from zero to 12 feet, and consists of two 

5-foot sections and a 2-foot section fastened to a 3 by 10 inch timber, 

which is driven into the bed of the river and spiked to a willow tree. 

It is located on the left bank of the river, about 85 feet above the 

bridge. A second section of gage is attached to a tree on bank of 

small branch, about 200 feet from river, and the same distance above 

the bridge. This section extends from 12 to 27 feet.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the joint plate on the upstream 

bottom chord, at a point 44 feet from the initial point. Its elevation 

is 31.70 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is a standard copper plug set in a solid rock projecting from water in river 

about 200 feet above the bridge, and opposite point 240 feet from 

initial point. Its elevation is 5.73 feet above the zero of the gage.

The observer is J. Y. Brice, who is conveniently located at the 

railroad pump house near by. During 1904 the gage was read twice 

each day.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district Irydrographer.
HAI.L AND~| 

HOYT. J

SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 21 

Discharge measurements of Catawba River near Catawba, 8. C., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903.

September 11 ..

October 23.....

December 11.. .

1904. 

March 7 .......

March 8"......

March 9 .......

March 21 ......

May 7 .........

July 25 ........

September 12 . .

November 21 . .

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do........

J. M. Giles....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do.........

.....do ........

Width.

feet. 

385

389

378

375

392

356

355

379

393

415

426

436

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

2,682

2,989

2,646

2,649

3, 641

3,855

3,887

3,086

3,291

3,348

3,036

3, 345

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

0.93

1.32

.85

.78

1.76

5.22

4.53

.95

1.00

1.14

.33

.58

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.52

3.02

2.30

2.40

4.00

8.20

7.85

2.75

2.90

2.98

1.65

2 29

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

2,506

3,944

2,253

2,057

6,421

20, 130

17, 610

2,943

3,279

3,806

1,016

1,926

a Taken at Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge. 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Catawba River near Catawba, 8. C., for 1904-

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11...........:..

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 

20.............. 

21..............

22..............

23.............. 

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.10

2.20

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.00

2.10

2.30

2.20

2.20 

2.40 

2.40

2.60

3.60 

3.90

3.00

3.00

1.50

2.60

2.00

1.50

2.40

Feb.

3.00

3.20

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.50

2.90

3.50

3.30

3.20

3.00

2.20

2.50

2.50

2.90

2.30

2.30

2.40 

3.40 

3.90

6.80

7.00 

5.30

4.00

3.50

3.50

4.10

3.60

Mar.

3.50

3.30

3.10

3.30

3.00

3.00

4.20

7.30

7.40

5.00

4.00

3.60

3.30

3.30

3.60

3.20

2. 95

2.90 

2.75

2.70

2.90 

3.55

3 40

3.35

3.05

2.95

2. 85

Apr.

2.75

2.60

2.65

9 60

2.65

9 go

9 go

2 95

2.75

2.65

2.55

o 60

2.60

.7 55

2.55 

2.45

o 5Q

2.50 

2.60

o 5Q

2.50

i) g5

2.55

.......

May.

2

qc

9 .IP*

2.80

9 gtj

f> go

3.35

4.70

3

QFL

3.30

2.90

2 17 P.

2.70 

3.15 

3.00

2 17 PL

2.55 

2.40

2 OR

2.40

2

QPL

2.30

2.25

2.20

2.35

June.

5.40

4 °0

3 7ft

2.85

3.70

2.90

2.65

9 50

2.65

2.70

2.45

9 35

2.25

2.20

2 20

2.40 

2.55 

2.50

9 50

2.40 

2.25

2.20

2.05

2.10

3.55

6.35

July.

R RA

3

CK

3

AA

2.65

2.50

O QPL

2.30

2.35

2.40

9 90

2.70

2.20

2.10

o oc

2.05 

2.05

1 Q^

*> 9F,

2.85

* ) QF.

2.40

2.65

O QR

4.30

4.05

3.05

Aug.

4.00

4.70

3.70

3

JA

6.55

5.40

4 95

7.50

5

f7R

3.05

4.70

5.10

3

AA

2.65 

2.55

9 QA

2 60

2.55 

2.50

3

QA

4.20

6.60

4.30

2.90

2.60

Sept.

3.30

4 00

3.25

5.40

3.65

2.80

2.45

2.65

3.85

1.70

f> go

2.20

2.10

2.15 

1.95 

2.10

I

oPL

1.95 

2.00

1.85

2.20

2.00

1.55

1.60

Oct.

1.80

al.40

al.65

1.85

1.75

1.65

1.70

1.75

1 80

1.85

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.85

1 80

1.75 

al.65 

1.70

1 "?£*

1.75 

1.85

1.70

1.85

1 QT

1 f7K

1.75

1.80

1.85

Nov.

1 85

f> §5

2 -IP.

9 oo

1 90

3 fin

4 90

S

AP.

9 30

2.15 

2.20

2.15

2.10 

2.15

2 30

2 1 P.

2.15

1 95

.......

Dec.

1.95

2.15

2.45

2.55

2.70

5.05

4 65

3.65

3.00

2.70

2.50

2.60

2.40

9 30

2.20

2.25

2 OK

2.50 

2.35 

2.25

2 OR

2.25 

2.05

2.35

2 30

2 en

9 90

3 ftp*

3.15

2.90

« Storing water at the new dam at Rock Hill, 8. C., accounts for low days.
22 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Eating table for Catawba River near Catawba, S. C., from September 11, 1903, to December

31,1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

£.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

810

900

1,000

1,110

1,230

1,360

1,500

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,655

1,825

2, 015

2, 225

2,450

2,690

2,940

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,200

3,470

3,750

4,035

4, 325

4,615

4,910

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5,205

5,500

5,800

6,100

6,400

6,700

The above table is based upon 12 discharge measurements made during 1903-1904. 

It is well defined between gage heights 1.5 feet and 4.0 feet. Above 4.0 it is only 

fairly determined. The table has been extended beyond these limits. Above gage 

height 3.60 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 300 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Cataviba River near Catawba, S. C., for 1903 and 1904. 

[Drainage area, 1,514 square miles.]

Month.

1903. 

September 11-30 ..............

1904. 

January ......................

February .....................

May .........................

July .........................

August .......................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

16,300 

4,910 

6,400 

3,470

6,400 

15, 700 

16, 900 

4, 325 

8,800 

13, 750 

11, 200 

24, 850 

10, 900 

1,480 

9,400 

9, 850

24, 850

Minimum.

1, 825 

1,825 

2,015 

2, 015

900 

1,825 

2,940 

2,337 

1,825 

1,578 

1,480 

2,450 

950 

810 

1,230 

1,480

810

Mean.

3,962 

2,313

2,754 

2,269

2,313 

4,783 

5,366 

2,808 

3,344 

3,599 

3,172 

7,629 

2,883 

1,198 

2,451 

2,994

3,545

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

2.62 

. 1.53 

1.82 

1.50

1.53 

3.16

3.54 

1.85 

2.21 

2.38 

2.10 

5.04 

1.90 

.791 

1.62 

1.98

2.34

Depth in 

inches.

1.95 

1.76 

2.03

1.73

1.75 

3.41 

4.08 

2.06 

2.55 

2.66 

2.42 

5.81 

2.12 

.912 

1.81 

2.28

31.87
HAHOYTND] SANTEE EIVEE DKAINAGE BASIN. 28 

CATAWBA RIVER NEAR MORGANTON, N. C.

The original station was established June 19, 1900, in connection 

with the hydrographic investigation of the Southern Appalachian area, 

at which time a wire gage was installed on the highway bridge on the 

road from Morganton to Hartland. In May, 1901, the river throughout this part of its course rose from 8 to 15 feet higher than ever before 

known, and the bridge and gage were destroyed. The present station 

was established May 15, 1903, by E. W. Myers, assisted by B. 8. 

Drane, at the bridge which was built to replace the one carried away 

by the flood of May, 1901. The station is 1 mile north of Morganton 

and about 200 yards below the mouth of Upper Creek. The standard 

chain gage with inclosed scale is attached to the lower chord of the 

downstream side of the bridge. The zero of the scale is about 94 feet 

from the initial point for soundings. The length of the chain from 

the end of the weight to the marker is 36.95 feet. The gage is read 

once each day by Hort Edmunson. Discharge measurements are 

made from the downstream side of the single-span steel highway bridge 

to which the gage is attached. The initial point for soundings is the 

left end of the downstream hand rail. Distances are laid off along this 

rail and are marked in white paint. The channel is straight for about 

200 feet above and for about 600 feet below the station. The current 

is swift. The right bank is low and overflows to a slight extent on 

account of erosion, but all water passes beneath the approach to the 

bridge. The left bank is high, rocky, and wooded. The bed of the 

stream is rocky, with sand and gravel near the right bank.

Bench mark No. 1 is the left side of the upper surface of the sixth 

floor beam at the downstream side of the bridge, 13 feet to the right 

of the zero of the gage. The point is indicated by a spot of white' 

paint and the letters B. M. When the gage reads zero the water surface is 34.77 feet below this point. Bench mark No. 2 is a copper 

plug set in cement in a rock on the left bank 24.3 feet back of the 

initial point for soundings, and is 3 feet downstream from the line of 

the downstream truss, it is about li feet above the road and is 

inclosed in a circle of white paint and marked u B. M.'1 Its elevation 

is 37.37 feet above datum of the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.
STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Discharge measurements of Cataivba River near Morganton, N. C., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903.

May 5 ... ......

August ^1

October 28.....

October 28.....

1904. 

February 17....

March 18 ......

March 18 ......

May 5.... .....

May 27........

July 21 ........

August 19 ......

September 29 . .

December 15

December 16. ..

Hydrographer.

E. W. Myers.........

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

B. S. Drane..........

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

B. S. Drane..........

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do .............. 

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

.....do ..............

Area of 

section.

Square, feet. 

850

726

726

611

611

552

554

458

462

439

440

435

622

615

641

458

415

427 

356

356

394

405

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

3.36

2.28

2.33

2.09

2.10

2.14

2.15

1.15

1.21

1.09

1.12

1.24

1.31

1.37

2.04

1.68

1.08

1.49 

1.10

1.11

1.15

1. 23

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.77

2.04

2.05

1.93

1.95

1.77

1.76

1.16

1.18

1.19

1 22

1.23

1.56

1.56

2.08

1.48

1.01

1.28 

1.04

1.01

1.15

1.18

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

2,861

1,656

1,698

1,276

1,282

1,181

1,193

528

559

480

493

539

816

843

1,305

770

447

637 

391

395

454

500
HALL AND 

HOYTND] SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 25

Main daily gage height, in feet, of Cat.awba River near Morganton, N. C., for 1904-

Day.

1... ...........

9

3..............

4..............

5.............. 

6..............

7..............

S. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14.............. 

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

 »

23..............

24

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Jan.

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.20

1.20 

1.20

1.50

1.30

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20 

1.20

1.20 

1.20

1.20

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.20

1.25

2.40

1.65

1.50

1.35

1.30

Feb.

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.25

1.25 

1.25

1.36

1.90

1.70

1.65

1.50

1.40 

1.40

1.35 

1.35

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.80

2.40

1.85

1.70

1 fift

Mar.

1.80

1.65

1.60

1.55

1.50 

1.50

9.20

4.30

2.80

2.30

2.10

1.90 

1.80

1.80 

1.75

1.65

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.50

1.60

1.60

1.90

2.00

1 90

1.85

1.80

1.70

1.60

1.55

Apr.

1.55

1.50

1.45

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.50

1.55

2.65

1.70

1.60

1.60 

1.60

1.55 

1.50

1.45

1.55

1.45

1.40

1.35

1.40

1.40

1.45

1.35

1.35

1.60

1.60

1 d^

1.40

i ^

May.

1.35

1.35

2.15 

1.80

1.70

3.50

4.10

2.40

2.10 

2.00

1.95

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.60

1.70

1.45

1 P»ft

1 F\*\

1.65

5.25

June.

4.45

3.25

2.40

2.10

1.90 

1.75

1.95

2.00

1.65

1.60

1.70

1. 55 

1.45

1.45 

1.40

1.45

1.65

1.60

2.05

1.80

1.55

1.45

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.40

1.65

1.85

9 F»ft

July.

1.95

1.70

1.50

1:35

1.50 

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.35 

1.30

.25 

.25

.20

.15

.10

.10

.05

1.10

1.10

1.20

1.15

2.40

1.70

1.65

1.40

1.35

Aug.

3.10

2.35

1.90

1.70

1.95 

2.30

2.45

2.00

1.70

2.10

2.05

2.40 

1.85

1.65 

1.50

1.50

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.40

1.35

1.40

2.40

2.40

1.60

1 r\(\

9 oo

1 65

i ^n

1.40

Sept.

1.70

2.20

1.55

1.90

2.20 

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.35

1.30 

1.25

1.20 

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.05

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

95

Oct.

0.95

.95

.95

.90

.95 

.95

1.10

1.00

1.05

1.00

.95

.95 

.90

.90 

.95

.90

.85

.95

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

.95

i oft

.95

.95

1.00

.95

1.00

Nov.

1.00

1.00

1.10

1.75

1.50 

1.30

1.15

1.10

1.10

1.06

1.00

1.00 

1.80

1.50 

1.35

1.25

1 °0

1.20

1.10

1.00

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.10

1.00

Dec.

1.10

1.15

1.25

1.40

1.70 

2.05

1.55

1.40

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.25 

1.25

1.20 

1.15

1.15

1.20

1.25

1.20

1.15

1.16

1.10

1.05

1.05

1.25

1 30

1.75

2.05

1.55

1.50

1.45

Hating table for Calaivba River near Morganton, N. C.,from January 1 to December 31,1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

252

307

372

447

527

612

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

702

800

908

1,026

1,156

1,300

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,460

1,640

1,830

2,025

2,220

2,415

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,610

2,805

3,000

3,195

3,390

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1903 and 

1904. It is well defined between gage heights 1 foot and 2 feet. Above 2 feet the 

direction of the tangent is determined by one measurement at 2.77 feet. The table 

has been extended beyond these limits. Above gage height 2.2 feet the rating curve 

is a tangent, the difference being 195 per tenth. Above 2 feet the estimates can be 

considered a very rough approximation. This table is the same as the 1903 table, 

with the exception of a very slight change below 1.3 feet gage.
26 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IJST 1904, PAKT IV. [N(>. 127.

Estimated monthly discharge of Catawba River near Morganton, N. C.,fur 1904- 

[Drainage area, 758 square miles.]

Month.

March ........................

June .........................

July .........................

September ....................

November ....................

December ....................

The year ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2, 220 

3,000 

15, 480 

2, 708 

7,777 

6,217 

2,220 

3, 585 

1, 830 

447 

1, 156 

1,550

15,480

Minimum.

487 

569 

800 

657 

657 

612 

410 

612 

339 

280 

372 

410

280

Mean.

643 

915 

1,759 

846 

1,878 

1,333 

711 

1,293 

639 

338 

515 

679

962

Run-off.

Second-ieet 

per square 

mile.

0. 848 

1.21 

2.32 

1.12 

2.48 

1.76 

.938 

1.71 

.843 

.446 

.679 

. 896

1.27

Depth in 

inches.

0.978 

1.30 

2.68 

1.25 

2.86 

1.96 

1.08 

1.97 

.940 

.514 

.758 

1.03

17.32

JOHN RIVER NEAR MORGANTON, N. C.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. . It is located 

at the iron highway bridge on the Lenoir road, about 3 miles from 

Morganton, N. C. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the single-span bridge. The initial point for soundings 

is the left end of the main span, downstream side, over the middle of 

the left pier. The channel is curved for about 300 feet above and 

straight for 500 feet below the station. The current is swift. Both 

banks are high, wooded, and not liable to overflow. The bed of the 

stream is rocky along the left bank, which is composed of rock, and 

sandy along the right bank. There is but one channel at all stages.

The bench mark is the upper edge of the -end of a bar extending 

from the floor beam to a brace at the downstream end of the second 

floor beam from the left pier, 32 feet from the initial point for soundings. Its elevation is 30.00 feet above datum.
HALL AND""] 

HOYT. J SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Discharge measurements of John River near Morganton, N. C., m 1904.

27

Date.

Mav 27 ........

July 21........

August 19.

September 29 . .

December 16. ..

Hydrographer.

B. S. Drane....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

64

61

62

61

61

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

172

163

170

135

146

Mean 

velocity.

Feef per sec. 

1.72

1.26

1.40

1.13

1.00

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.66

1.44

1.53

1.31

1.27

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

295

205

238

153

146

WATEREE RIVER NEAR CAM DEN, S. C.

Camden, S. C., is on the Wateree River, 45 miles above its mouth, 

and about 5 miles below the fall line. The drainage area above the 

station is 2,635 square miles.

A station has been maintained here by the United States Weather 

Bureau since 1891. The gage is at the toll bridge about 2 miles west of 

Camden. Measurements are made from this bridge, which consists of 

two iron spans, about ISO feet each, supported by tubular iron piers, 

and has short wooden approaches with brick abutments on both banks. 

The bridge keeper is also the river observer. The Weather Bureau 

gage is in three sections, the lower section being a timber fastened to a 

log near the right bank and about 15 feet above the bridge, and reading 

from 0 to 8 feet. The second is a timber fastened to an ash tree on 

right bank about 25 feet above the bridge, and reading up to 15 feet. 

The third section, 15 to 32 feet, is painted on the upstream cylindrical 

pier on right bank. Only the third section, painted on the iron pier, 

is in good condition. On August 12, 1904, a new chain gage was put 

in by M. R. Hall, set to accord with the pier gage. The gage is a 24- 

inch iron top box, with outside scale. It is located at the upstream 

end of a floor beam, 40 feet from the right bank pier, and is fastened 

to a short vertical timber resting on the floor beam, and clamped to 

the double rod hanger. The bottom of the box is about 3 feet above 

the bridge floor, and is 41.53 feet above gage datum. The length of 

the chain is 43.53 feet.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the 

bridge. The initial point for soundings is the edge of the right bank 

brick abutment. Both banks are high, but are liable to overflow at 

time of floods. Both are open and cultivated except along the bank 

where there are trees. The channel is 270 feet wide at low water, and 

is broken by one pier. The current is smooth and moderately swift, 

except at lowest stages. The bed is sand and is probably changing. 

The river below has a very small slope, which is unfavorable for good 

rating at high stages, as the position of flood crest will affect the slope 

largely.
28 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the upstream end of the floor beam 

about 40 feet from right bank pier, at a point directly under the gage. 

Its elevation is 36.85 feet above the gage datum. Bench mark No. 2 

is two large wire nails driven horizontally into a sycamore tree on 

right bank of river, and upstream side of the road, 110 feet from the 

pier. Its elevation is 31.27 feet above gage datum.

Discharge measurements of Wateree River 'near Camden, »S'. (?., in 1904-

Date.

July 23........

August 12 ......

September 13 .. 

September 14 . .

November 19 . .

Hydrographer.

J.M.Giles.....

M. R. Hall .....

.....do ........

J. M. Giles ..... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Ffft. 

264

324

324

270 

271

274

Area of 

section.

Square/eft. 

3, 249

6,627

7, 345

2, 215 

2, 538

2, 538

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

1.47

1.97

2.68

.63 

.91

.99

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.10

17.80

20. 20

3.60 

4.60

4.52

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

4,760

13, 060

19, 660

1,406 

2,318

2, 501

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Witteree Hirer near Camden, S. C., far 1904.

Day.

1. ...............

3.. ........ ------

4. .............. .

5................

7................

8................

9................

11................

12................

13................

14................

15................

16................

Sept.

8.90

4.80

4 80

4.80

4.80

Oct.

3.00

3.30

Q £f\

3.20

3 'SO

0 KA

3

QA

3.80

3.80

3.60

Nov.

3.20

4.00

7.40

6.20

5.20

4.70

4.50

4 30

Dec.

3.70

4.90

10.00

11.10

8.10

6 50

C. Kfl

EL Kfl

B.OO

4 60

4.50

4.60

Day.

17...............

18 ...............

19...... ........

 »

23 ...............

25 ...............

26 ...............

28 ...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Sept.

4.60

4 60

4.00

4 00

4 50

3

QA

3

r;n

4.10

4.20

3 SO

Oct.

3 50

4 50

4.00

4.00

3

QA

3.60

Nov.

3 7fi

3.70

3.80

Dec.

4.50

5 °0

5.10

5 °0

4 60

4 30

4 30

4 °0

4 90

7.40

S. 90

7.00

BROAD RIVER (OF THE CAKOL.INAS) AT ALSTON, S. C.

This station was established July 3, 1896, by E. W. Myers at the 

Southern Railroad bridge at Alston, S. C., about 27 miles above Columbia. The standard chain gage is located in the second span from the 

left end of the bridge. The zero of the scale is 74 feet from the initial 

point for soundings. The length of the chain from the end of the 

weight to the marker is 39.22 feet. The observer is G. M. Heron, a 

farmer of Alston, S. C., who reads the gage once each day. Discharge 

measurements are made from the downstream side of the steel through
HALL AND~| 

HOYT. J

SAJSTTEE EIVER DBAINAGE BASIN. 29

6-span railway bridge to which the gage is attached. The initial point 

for soundings is the end of the second span nearest the left bank over 

the center of the pier. At flood stages some water passes behind this 

point. The channel above the station is straight, but the current is 

interrupted by a large island and passes under the bridge at an angle. 

Below the bridge the channel is straight for about one-half mile. 

Both banks are high and all water passes beneath the bridge. The 

bed of the stream is of sand and silt and is slightly shifting. There 

is but one channel at all stages.

Bench mark No. 1 is a point on the right side of the downstream 

end of the fifth floor beam from the left end of the second span from 

the left end of the bridge. It is marked in white paint and is indicated by the letters B. M. When the gage reads zero the water surface is 36.44 feet below this point. Bench mark No. 2 is a standard 

copper bolt set in rock on the left bank on the hillside 50 yards from 

the river and 52 feet downstream from the center line of the trestle 

approach to the bridge and is 21.2 feet from the corner of the pump 

house. The rock is white and the bench mark is under a small china 

tree. This bench mark is 9.85 feet below the bench mark on the 

bridge, making its elevation 26.59 feet above the gage datum.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Broad River (of the Carolinas) at Alston, 8. C., in 1903

and 1904-

Date.

1903.

June 24........

September 10..

October 22.....

December 10. ..

1904. 

January 27 .... 

March 3 .......

May 6 .........

July 22........

September 15 . .

November 18 . .

Hydrographer.

E. AV. Myers...

E. C. Murphy . .

B. S. Drane... .

J.M.Giles.....

M. R. Hall .....

J, M. Giles .....

.....do ........

.....do ........

W. E. Hall..... 

J.M.Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

"*

519 

528

521

521

429

4S9

Area of 

section.

Square fetf. 

12, 300

3,764

3, 376

2,904

2,904

2, 635

1,341

1,572

1,809 

1,835

1,757

1,847

1,255

1,524

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

5.78

3.48

3.14

2.84

2.74

2.74

2.40

2.19

2.28 

2.61

2.20

2.42

1.65

1.85

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

19.85

7.74

6.20

5.58

5.58

4.86

3.45

3.75

4.10 

4.50

4.18

4.10

2.95

3.55

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

71,140

15,060

10, 590

8, 259

7, 954

7,218

3,219

3,437

4,128

4,786

3,861

4,465

2,065

2,817
30 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IW -1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Menu daily gage height, in feet, of Broad River (of the Carolina**) at Alston, 8. ., 1904.

Day.

1... ...........

2

3..............

4........ ....

5.......... ... 

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24.............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

3.70

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.30

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.60

3.50

3.40

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.50

3.60

3.50

3.60

3.60

3.6!)

3.60

6.50

5.30

4.80

4.20

4. 20

3.90

3.80

3.90

3.90

Feb.

3.80

3.60

3.80

3.70

3.70

3.70

3.70

4.40

4.70

4.90

4. 60

4.40

4.20

4.10

3.90

3.80

4.00

3.90

3.90

6.40

6.60

11. 25

11.30

8.20

6.10

5.30

4.40

4.80

4.70

Mar.

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.40

4.30

5.50

9.95

8.35

6.35

5. 50

5.10

4.90

4.90

4.70

5.00

4.55

4.40

4.35

4.30

4.20

3.90

4.30

4.90

5.50

5.40

5.60

4.95

4.50

4.50

4.30

Apr.

4.25

4.25

4.20

4.05

3.75

4.05

4.05

4.30

4. 25

4.60

4.65

4.05

4.10

4.10

4.00

3.95

4.00

4.05

0 Qfl O. OU

4.05

3. 95

3. 95

3.95

3.90

3.85

3. 95

4.10

4. 45

4.15

3.95

May.

3.85

3.80

3.40

4.10

4.45

4.20

4.10

3.90

3.95

4.45

4.70

4.20

3.95

3.85

3.80

4.05

4.00

3.85

3.65

3.70

3.50

3.45

3.35

3.10

3.10

3.10

2.95

3.20

3.15

3.40

3.20

June.

3.50

5.30

4.80

4.30

3.90

3.60

3.20

4.70

4.40

3.80

3 50

3.40

4.40

3.50

3.45

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.10

5.00

5.10

4.45

3.90

3.40

3.40

3.20

2.90

2.75

2.95

4.20

July.

5.70

6.60

4.50

3.85

3.20

3.00

3.10

3.30

3.05

- 3.05

3.26

3.30

4.10

3.30

3.05

2.75

3.40

3.20

3.05

2.75

2.70

3.75

4.95

6.95

4.25

3.25

3.50

3.30

5.85

5.05

3.90

Aug.

3.55

6.75

7.00

6,60

5.00

5.50

5.20

12. 45

13.00

11.50

9.30

8.70

7.30

5.20

4. 55

7.50

5.90

4.70

3.85

3.90

4.50

3.85

3.30

3.50

3.70

3.85

11.10

10.70

14.00

5.70

4. .50

Sept.

4.10

4.00

4.30

4.00

4.20

5.20

4.40

3.80

3.40

3.30

3.20

3.10

2.80

2.85

3.00

2. 85

2.65

2.60

2. 80

2.45

2.95

2.80

2.75

2.65

2. 50

2.60

2. 45

2.60

2.80

2.70

Oct.

2.55

2.60

2. 55

2.35

2.20

2.45

2. 66

2. 50

2.70

2.70

2.40

2.55

2.55

2.65

2.65

2.40

2. 50

2.20

2.45

2.65

2.55

2.60

2.60

2.45

2.25

2.50

2.90

2.80

2.65

2.70

2.60

Nov.

2.40i

2.60

2.50

2.65

3.90

4.00

3.60

3.15

3.15

3.10

3.00

3.00

3.50

6.10

5.60

4.45

3.80

3.55

3.45

3. 35

3.25

2.75

3.10

3.35

3.20

3.05

3.00

3.00

2.65

2.90

.......

Dec.

3.00

3. 35

4.95

4.25

3.70

8.70

H.OO

5.70

4.65

4.35

3.95

3.35

3.60

3.70

3.70

3.75

3.70

3.70

3.65

3.35

3.60

3.50

3.40

3.40

3.50

3.35

3. 25

4.00

5. 25

4.55

4.20

Eating table for Broad Hirer (of the Carolina,?) at Alston, & (.'., from January 1 to

December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,250

1,340

1,440

1,550

1,670

1,800

1,940

2,090

2,250

2,420

Gage 

height. Discharge.

Feet. Second-feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

2, 590

2,770

2,960

3,150

3,350

3, 560

3,780

4,010

4,250

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

4,750

5,250

5,750

6,300

6, 850

7,400

7, 950

8,500

9,050

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50

10.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

9,600

11, 100

12, 600

14, 100

15, 650

17, 275

18, 900

20, 525

22, 150

The above table is based upon 21 discharge measurements made during 1901 to 1904. 

It is well defined between gage heights 3.0 feet and 10.0 feet.
HALL AND 

HOYT

ND~| 

 J

8ANTEE BIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 31

Estimated monthly discharge of Broad Rirer (of the Carolinas) at Alston, S. C., for 1904. 

[Drainage area, 4,609 square miles.]

Month.

February .------........-----.

March ........................

April .........................

May .........................

June .........................

August .......................

October ......................

No vein ber

The year ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maxirmim.

11, 100

26, 550 

21, 990 

5,888 

6, 025 

7, 675 

12, 450 

36, 800 

7,400 

2,090 

9,900 

17, 920

36, 800

Minimum.

2,770 

3,350 

4,010 

3, 670 

2,170 

1,870 

1,800 

2,770 

1,495 

1,250 

1,440 

2,250

1. 250

Mean.

3,921 

7,237 

7,097 

4,480 

3,695 

3,921 

- 4, 169 

12,200 

2,761 

1,614 

3,096 

4,886

4,923

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0. 851 

1.57 

1.54 

.972 

.802 

.851 

.905 

2.65 

.599 

.350 

.672 

.1.06

1.07

Depth in 

inches.

0.981 

1.69 

1.78 

1.08 

.925 

.950 

1.04 

3.06 

.668 

.404 

.760 

1. 22

14.56

TIC4ER RIVER AT DELTA, S. C.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. It is located 

at the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge, one-third mile east of 

the depot at Delta, S. C. It is best reached by driving from Whitmire, 4 miles west. Discharge measurements are made from the 

downstream side of the single-span, steel, through bridge, 202.5 feet 

long, having trestle approaches at each end. The initial point for 

soundings is the right end of the bridge, downstream side. Sounding 

points are marked on the guard rail. The channel is straight for 

about 1,000 feet above and below the station. The current is swift. 

Both banks are low, partly wooded, and subject to overflow during 

high water. The bed of the stream is composed of sand. There is but 

one channel, divided during high water by the piers of the bridge and 

trestle supports. The bridge crosses the river at a slight angle. The 

bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the second floor beam 

from the right bank. Its elevation is 36.00 feet above gage datum.

Discharge measurements of Tiger River at Delta, 8. C., in 1904-

Date.

March 22 ......

May 9 .........

Sentnieber 10 . .

Hydrographer.

J.M. Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width..

Feet.

108

109

106

Area of 

section.

Squarefeet.

409

324

314

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

1.40

2.09

1.18

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.85

2.35

1.67

Discharge.

Second-feet.

573

678

369
32 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PAET IV. [NO. 127.

ENOREE RIVER NEAR WHITMIRE, S. C.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. It is located 

at the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge, li miles east of Whitmire, 

S. C. There is a highway bridge one-third mile below, and a gristmill three-fourths mile below has a dana with 2-foot fall. Discharge 

measurements are made from the downstream side of the single-span 

deck bridge, 151 feet long. There are 15 bents of trestle approach 

at the left and 22 bents at the right bank. The initial point for 

soundings is the right end of the bridge downstream side. Sounding 

points are marked on the guard rail. The channel is straight for 

about 300 feet above and one-fourth mile below the station. The curre,nt is swift. Both banks are low, clean, and subject to overflow 

under the trestle approaches. The bed of the stream is composed of 

gravel and sand. There is but one channel at low and ordinary stages, 

broken during high water by the piers and trestle work of the bridge. 

The operation of the mill below will affect the flow of the stream. 

The bench mark is the top of stringer on the downstream side of the 

bridge, 50 feet from the initial point for soundings. Its elevation is 

56.00 feet above gage datum.

Discharge measurements of Enoree River near Whitmire, S. ''., in 1904.

Date.

March 23 ......

May 10 ........

September 10 . .

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Ffet. 

90

100

101

Area of 

section.

S<iuarr j'eet . 

237

186

193

Mean 

velocity.

Fret per sec. 

1.96

1.65

1.86

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.90

1.60

1.20

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

464

307

359

SALTJDA RIVER NEAR WATERLOO, S. C.

This station was established by E. W. Myers, August 30, 1896. It 

is located at the Charleston and Western Carolina Railroad bridge 

between Coronaca and Waterloo, 3 miles from Waterloo and 9 miles 

from Greenwood. It is 1 mile below the mouth of Reedy River. 

The standard chain gage is on the downstream side of the bridge, on 

the span next the left bank. The length of the chain from the end 

of the weight to the marker is 45.73 feet. The gage is read once each 

day by R. N. Cunningham. Discharge measurements are made from 

-the railway bridge and its approaches. The bridge is a steel through 

bridge of two spans about 125 feet each, with wooden trestles 600 feet 

long on the left bank and 200 feet on the right bank. The initial point 

for soundings is the end of the guard rail of the trestle on the left bank. 

The channel is straight for about 600 feet above and below the station. 

Both banks are low and wooded and are subject to overflow, but all
HALL AND~| 

HOYT. J

SANTEE BIVER DK A IN AGE BASIN.

water passes beneath the bridge and its approaches. The bed of the 

stream is sandy and muddy and is slightly shifting. There is but one 

channel at all stages. Its width at low water is 250 feet, the channel 

is broken by one pier, and the velocity is moderate.

Bench mark No. 1 is a point on the top surface of the downstream 

end of the first floor beam to the left of the center pier. Its elevation 

is 44.64 feet above the gage datum. Bench mark No. 2 is a copper 

bolt set in a granite bowlder on the right bank of the stream 470 feet 

from the end of the trestle (measured along the railroad track) and 

50 feet upstream from the center of the track. Its elevation is 61.44 

feet above gage datum. The rock is near two small persimmon trees.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Saluda River near Waterloo, 8. C., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

March 23 ......

April 18. ......

April 18 .......

April 21 .......

June 25........

June 25........

October 21.....

1904. 

January 26 .... 

March 2 .......

March 19 .."....

Mav 5.........

July 21........

July 26........

Hydrographer.

E. W. Myers . . .

E. C. Murphy . .

B. 8. Drane ....

E. W. Myers . . .

B. S. Drane ....

.....do ........

J. M. Giles .....

M. R. Hall .....

J. M. Giles .....

.....do ........

.....do ........

W. E. Hall..... 

J. M. Giles .....

.....do........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

160

192

191

183

163

182

182

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

4, 384

1,213

1,230

1,243

795

829

695

695

628

615

504

371

671

654

540

334

460

593

Mean 

 velocity.

Feet per sec. 

2.96

2.87

3.04

3.01

1.73

1.84

2.22

2.10

1.98

1.91

1.75

1.29 

2.16

2.02

1.64

1.73

1.67

1.62

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

17.40

9.40

9.60

9.20

6.76

7.03

6.88

6.88

6.38

6.28

5.90

4.98 

6.85

6.74

5.86

5.02

5.57

6.03

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

12, 970

3,481

3,739

3,747

1,375

1,527

1,542

1,458

1,245

1,176

883

479 

1.450

1,322

887

578

769

963

IKK 127 05-
34 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Saluda River near Waterloo, ft. C.,for 1904.

Bay.

<>

4..... .........

7..............

g

10..............

11.......... ...

12..............

13..............

14.............. 

15..............

16.............. 

17..............

18..............

20..............

21..............

OQ

26..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Jan.

5.75

5.70

5.50

5.10 

5.65

5.95

5.45

5.95

5.80

5.60

4.85

r: £K

5.70

5.65 

5.60

5.60 

5.65

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.70

7.10

6.90

7.10

6.40

4.80

5.90

5.70

5.85 

5.60

Feb.

5.60

5.65

6.50

5.45 

5.70

5.65

5.65

6.40

6.75

6.65

6.10

6.10

6.55

6.40 

6.90

5.60 

6.45

6.50

6.80

9.10

11.00

6.90

5.80

5.60

5.55

7.05

Mar.

6.05

6.15

6.40

5.95 

6.10

5.60

9.75

8.20

6.90

5.90

7.00

7.30 

6.25

6.10 

5.70

5.90

6.10

6.60

5.75

5 95

7.15

7.30

6.40

7.00

6.75

5.55 

5.95

Apr.

6.20

5. 95

6.45

6.10 

6.15

6.65

6.00

6.50

6.85

7.15

6.70

6.00

5.60

6.60 

6.40

6.75

5.80

5.25

6.35

6.30

5.85

6.50

6.85

6.15

May.

5.65

5.55'

5.95

6.00 

5.85

5.95

6.05

5.50

5.30

5.75

6.40

5.20

6.70 

5.40

5.25

7.10

6.15

6.10

5 40

5.75

5.45

3.95

4.80 

5.95

June.

5.80

7.75

5.90

6.45 

6.05

4.95

5.40

5.75

6.40

5.25

6.15

5 on

4.55

5.35 

5.40

5.35 

5.45

6.55

4.70

5.70

5.85

5 95

5.30

5.35

5.35

.5.95

4.30

5.45

July.

6.40

6. '05

5.15

4.40 

4.25

5.45

5.40

5.60

6.65

5.20

4.35

5.15

5.40

5.00 

5.45

4.45 

5.00

4.30

5.20

4.05

5.00

5.85

4.80

5.70

5.00

5.75

n 11

7.60

7.10

6.40 

5.70

Aug.

4.70

7.10

9.30

7.20 

6.20

6.45

6.65

19.00

19.10

12.75

9.80

7 60

7.60

7.30 

6.40

6.45 

6.20

5.90

6.15

6.25

6.85

5.90

5.70

5.70

10.10

11.45

16.90

7.90

6.80 

. 6.25

Sept.

6.45

5.85

6.45

5.85 

6.45

6.25

5.65

5.75

5.60

5.65

5.65

5 no

5.65

5.50 

5.35

4.15 

5.05

5.35

4.65

5.40

5.55

5.55

6.00

5.25

4.30

5.80

4.55

4.95

Oct.

5.20

5.05

4.20

5.15 

4.75

4.75

4.45

5.30

4.65

4.25

5.20

4.20

5.15 

6.00

5.05 

5.00

5.15

5.15

4.95

4.70

4.30

4.00

3.95

3.90

5.20

5.00.

5.10

5.00

4.75 

4.25

Nov.

5.05

5.20

6.05

5.70 

5.55

5.40

4.45

5.95

5.40

5.35

6.35

6.05

5.45 

6.50

5.50 

5.65

5.40

6.00

5.05

4.35

5.30

5.35

5.45

5.25

5.35

5.05

4.35

5.10

5.35

Dee.

5.30

5.75

6.05

5.40 

6.95

8.85

7.25

6.20

5.90

5.85

5.80

5.75

5.55 

5.60

5.60 

6.10

5.50

4.80

5.60

5.80

5.85

5.60

5.85

5.35

4.80

5.35

6.85

6.20

5.90 

6.40

NOTE. The lower gage heights during the latter part of the year were probably caused by the filling 

of the new dam at Ware Shoals.

Rating table for Sahida Rirer near Waterloo, S. C., from January 1 to December 31,1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

200

219

240

262

286

312

340

370

402

436

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

472

510

550

592

636

682

730

780

830

880

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.90

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

930

985

1,095

1,205

1,320

1,440

1,560

1,690

1,820

1,960

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.50

10.00

Discharge.

Secmid-feet.

2,100

2, 250

2,400

2,560

2,725

2,900

3,085

3,590

4,150
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J SANTEE EIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 35

The foregoing table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1903 and 

1904. It is well denned between gage heights 5 feet and 7 feet. Above 7 feet the 

curve is somewhat uncertain. Above gage height 10 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 120 per tenth. The table is the same as the 1903 table 

above 6 feet gage.

Estimated monthly discharge of Saluda River near Waterloo, 8. C.,for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 1,056 square miles.]

Month.

March. . ......................

April .........................

June .........................

July..........................

August ....... 1 ...............

October ......................

November ....................

December ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,625 

5, 470 

4, 870 

1,657 

1, 625- 

2,065 

1,960 

15, 070 

1,233 

636 

1,260 

2,945

15, 070

Minimum.

436 

706 

755 

614 

210 

286 

229 

402 

. 251 

200 

299 

436

200

Mean.

868 

1,460 

1,398 

1,130 

857 

798 

730 

3,118 

738 

444 

683 

961

1,099

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.822 

1.38 

1.32 

1.07 

.812 

.756 

.691 

2.95 

.699 

.420 

.647 

.910

1.04

Depth in 

inches.

0.948 

1.49 

L52 

1.19 

.936 

.844 

.797 

3.40 

.780 

.484 

.722 

1.05

14.16

REEDY RIVER NEAR WATERLOO, S. C.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. It is located 

at the highway bridge 2 miles from Waterloo, S. 0., on the road to 

Greenwood, S. C. Discharge measurements are made from the 

downstream side of the single-span, wooden covered, highway bridge 

92 feet long, having a trestle approach of QQ feet at the right bank and 

400 feet at the left bank. The initial point for soundings is the left end 

of the downstream truss. The channel is curved for about 500 feet 

above and straight for about 500 feet below the station. The current 

is moderate. Both banks are high and wooded. The right bank overflows under the trestle approach, and the left bank over a wide bottom 

during extreme floods. The bed of the stream is composed of sand. 

There is but one channel at low and ordinary stages, broken during 

high water by the piers and trestle bents of the bridge. The bench 

mark is the top of the downstream bottom chord of truss, 20 feet from 

the initial point for soundings. Its elevation is 19.00 feet above the 

gage datum,
86 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Discharge measurements of Reedy River near Waterloo, R. C., in 1904.

Date.

July 27........

September 8 ...

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles....

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

75

76

Area of 

section.

tyuarefeet. 

106

188

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.62

1.32

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.86

1.15

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

172

248

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN SANTEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

The following is a list of miscellaneous discharge measurements 

made in Santee River drainage basin during 1904:

Catawba River near Rock HiU, 8. C. A measurement was made 

January 30 at Gulp's bridge, 8 miles northeast of Rock Hill. The 

gage height was obtained from gage at Catawba Power Company's 

dam.

Width, 320 feet; area, 1,797 square feet; mean velocity, 0.92 foot per second; gage 

height, 99.97 feet; discharge, 1,648 second-feet.

Catawba River near Belntont, W. C. A measurement was made 

March 4 at the Southern Railway bridge, 2 miles east of Belmont. 

The bench mark is the top of the inside bar of the downstream lower 

chord, at the first crossbeam from the third pier from the left bank. 

Its elevation was 26.70 feet above the water surface.

Width, 312 feet; area, 1,415 square feet; mean velocity, 1.54 feet per second; discharge, 2,181 second-feet.

Catawba River (South Fork} near Belmont, N. C. On March 4 a 

measurement was made at the Southern Railway bridge, 2 miles west 

of Belmont. The bench mark is the top of crossbeam 67 feet from 

the left end of the bridge, 25.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 156 feet; area, 277 square feet; mean velocity, 2.27 feet per second; gage 

height, 1.70 feet; discharge, 629 second-feet.

On March 5 a measurement was made at the wagon bridge 2 miles 

southwest of Belmont. The bench mark is the top of the first crossbeam from the left end of the bridge. Its elevation is 2-1.00 feet above 

the datum of the gage.

Width, 130 feet; area, 249 square feet; mean velocity, 2.75 feet per second; gage 

height, 2.35 feet; discharge, 684 second-feet.

Saluda River near Waterloo, 8. C. A measurement was made, 

September 8, at the wagon bridge on the road to Greenwood, S. C. 

The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the second 

crossbeam from the left end of the bridge, 28.65 feet above the datum 

of the gage.

Width, 145 feet; area. 314 square feet; mean velocity, 1.85 feet per second; discharge, 580 second-feet.
HAHOYTND] STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. 37

SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Savannah River is formed by the junction of Tugalo and Seneca 

rivers, which unite about 100 miles above Augusta, Ga. It flows in a 

southeasterly direction,' forming the boundary between Georgia and 

South Carolina, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean near Savannah, 

Ga. It is navigable to Augusta, which is at the fall line.

Seneca River is formed by the junction of Little and Keowee rivers, 

about 5 miles northeast of Seneca,- S'. C. Both of these tributaries rise 

in the Blue Ridge in North Carolina and the northwestern part of 

South Carolina. ,

Tugalo River is formed by the junction of Chattooga and Tallulah 

rivers, which join at the western corner of Oconee County, S. C. It 

flows in a southeasterly direction, and is a part of the boundary 

between Georgia and South Carolina. Chattooga River rises in Jackson County, N. C., and flows in a southwesterly direction along the 

boundary between Georgia and South Carolina. Tallulah River rises 

in Macon County, N. C., and the northwestern part of Rabun County, 

Ga., and flows in a southeasterly direction. Parts of its course are cut 

through the solid rock for hundreds of feet, forming canyons and steep 

bluffs. Throughout its entire length the fall is very great, and at 

Tallulah Palls the stream drops more than 500 feet in a short distance.

Broad River joins the Savannah at the southeast corner of Elbert 

County, Ga. It rises in Habersham and Banks counties, and flows in a 

southeasterly direction to the southeast corner of Madison County, Ga,, 

where the South Fork joins it. From there it flows east to Savannah 

River. Its drainage is from a rolling country, and there is a considerable amount of fall at various points. At Anthony Shoals the fall 

is more than 50 feet in a short distance. Above Augusta, Ga., there 

is much fall, which can be developed for water power. With exception of the large plant at Augusta, very little of this is being used.

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this 

drainage during 1904.

TALLULAH RIVER AT TALLULAH FALLS, GA.

This station, was originally established August 29,1900, by M. R. 

Hall, and records of gage heights were obtained until October 19, 

1900, when the observer left Tallulah Falls. The record was resumed 

January 18, 1901, and maintained until December 31, 1901. The station was reestablished July 10,1904, on which date bench marks were 

determined and regular gage readings begun. It is located at the 

wagon bridge, about one-fourth mile above the falls and about the 

same distance from the village of Tallulah Falls, Ga. The gage is a 

vertical rod 10 feet long, graduated to feet and tenths, spiked to a 

small maple tree on the left bank of the river about 50 feet above the 

bridge. It is read once each day by J. T. McKay, who is paid by the 

Georgia Geological Survey. Discharge measurements are made from
STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

the iron wagon bridge, which has a single span of 100 feet and rests 

on timber piers. The initial point for soundings is the end of the 

bridge on the upstream- side at the left bank. The channel is nearly 

straight for 300 feet above and for 200 feet -below the station. The 

current is swift. Both banks are high, wooded, rocky bluffs, and are 

not subject to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of rock, 

and is rough and permanent. There is but one channel at all stages. 

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of a large rock on the right bank, about 

30 feet above the bridge. Its elevation is 7.51 feet above the zero of 

the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is a white paint mark on the downstream 

rail of the bridge, marked "U. S. 1445." Its elevation is 33.87 feet 

ubove the zero of the gage. ,

Discharge measurements of Tallulah Elver at Tallulah Falls, Ga., in 1904-

Date.

March 16 ......

May 12 ........

June 13........

July 15........

August 22 .....

August 23 .....

September 29 . .

October 28 .....

October 28.....

November 23. ..

Hydroffrapher.

W. E. Hall ....

.....do ........

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

M. R. Hall ....

W. E. Hall ....

.....do ........

A.T.Mitchelson

M. R. Hall ....

.....do ........

W. E. Hall ....

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

51

56

55

56

56

53

53

55

52

52

53

53

Area of 

section.

Square ftet.

430

429

385

404

354

363

357

330

327

321

354

349

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

1.14

1.20

0.79

.73

.51

.63

.61

.44

.38

.40

.48

.48

Gage 

height.

Fed.

1.65

1.86

1.20

1.05

.70

.92

.80

.50

.40

.41

.77

.75

Discharge.

Second-feet.

490

516

306

295

181

233

218

145

125

127

171

169

Meaii daily gage height, in feet, of Tallulah River at Tallulah Falls, Oa., for 1904-

Day.

'i

3...........

4...........

5. ..........

6...........

7.. .........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11..........

12...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

July.

.7

.7

Aug.

0.9

1.3

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

2.5

2.5

1.6

1.7

2.6

2.0

f> q

1.7

1.5

1.4

Sept.

0.9

.8

.8

1.8

1.5

1.0

.8

.8

.8

.7

.8

.7

.8

.8

.7

Oct.

0.6

.5

. .5

.5

.f>

FJ

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

Nov.

0.4

.4

.6

1.0

.9

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.7

.5

Dec.

0.7

.7

.8

.8

1.9

1.1

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

Day.

17..........

18 ..........

19 ..........

20 ..........

21 ..........

 »

23..........

25 ..........

26 ..........

27

28

 >q

30..........

31 ..........

July.

0.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

. 7

.7

1.2

.8

.7

.7

.9

Aug.

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.5

1.0

.9

.8

1.0

1.4

1.2

1.7

1.5

1.1

.9

.8

Sept.

0.7

-.6

.6

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

. 7

r.

Oct.

0.4

.4

.4

.4

.4.

.4

.4

.4

.4

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

Nov.

0.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

Dec.

0.8

.8

.7

.7

. T

.7

.6

1.1)

.9

.9

2.4

1 *>

1.1
SAVANNAH BIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 39

Rating table for Tallulah River at Tallulah Falls, Go,., from July 15 to December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

125

145

165

185

210

235

260

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

290'

320

355

395

435

480

525

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

575

630

685

740

800

860

930

Gage 

height.

Feet. >

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,000

1,070

1,145

1,220

1,300

1,380

The above table is based upon twelve discharge measurements made during 1904. 

It is well denned between gage heights 0.4 feet and 2 feet. The table has been 

extended beyond these limits.

Estimated monthly discharge of Tallulah River at Tallulah Falls, Ga.,for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 191 square miles.]

. Month.

July 15-31 ....................

August .......................

September... ......_.. ........

October ......................

November ....................

December ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

320 

1,300 

575 

145 

260 

930

Minimum.

165 

210 

145 

125 

125 

165

Mean.

195 

447 

209 

135 

160 

266

Run-off.

Second -feet 

 per square 

mile.

1.02 

2.34

1.09 

,707 

.838 

1.39

Depth in 

inches.

0.645 

2.70 

1.22 

.815 

.935 

.160

TOGALOO RIVER NEAR MADISON, 8. C.

This station was originally established July 19,1898, at Cook's ferry 

and was discontinued December 31, 1901, when the ferry was moved. 

It was reestablished July 7, 1903, by M. R. Hall. It is located at 

Holcomb's ferry, 1 mile west of Madison, S. C., and 900 feet below the 

Southern Railway bridge. This station is about li miles above the 

point where the old station was located. The gage consists of a vertical timber in three sections. The first section reads from 1 to 16 feet 

and is attached to a sycamore tree on the left bank, about 30.feet above 

the ferry landing. The second section reads from 16 to 22 feet and is 

attached to a sycamore tree on the left bank, about 18 feet above the 

ferry landing. The third section reads from 21 to 31 feet and is 

fastened to a locust tree on the left bank at the forks of the road, 

about 175 feet from the ferry landing. The gage is read once daily 

by T. A. Spencer, a farmer. Discharge measurements are made from 

the ferryboat, or a small boat which is held in place by a cable 

stretched across the river. The initial point for soundings is the side
40 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

away from .the river of the windlass used for stretching the cable'; it 

is locateo^fiBthe right bank. Distances are measured along the hand 

line which is used to pull the boat across the river.

The bed of the river is sandy and the current is moderately swift. 

The channel is about 160 feet wide and is fairly uniform in width and 

general appearance for some distance above and below, the current 

being moderately swift and the channel straight for 1,000 feet or more 

both above and below the station. The banks are both moderately 

high, but will overflow for about 200 feet on right bank and 250 feet 

on the left. Both are open and cultivated except a few trees along 

the edge of the river. These conditions make it possible to obtain 

fairly good float measurements at time of floods.

Bench mark No. 1 is a nail in a willow tree on the right bank 20 feet 

below the ferry landing. It is 7.00 feet above the zero of the gage. 

Bench mark No. 2 consists of two large nails in the locust tree to 

which a third section of the gage is attached. They are at an elevation of 22.00 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is a 

copper plug set in solid rock on the north side of the -railroad 10£ feet 

from the north rail and about 400 feet east of the east end of the 

Southern Railway bridge. Its elevation is 44.27 feet above the zero 

of the gage. Bench mark No. 4 is the Geological Survey standard 

bronze tablet marked " 666 Atlanta." on the right bank pier of the 

Southern Railway bridge. Its elevation is 35.37 feet above the zero 

of the gage, and 665.47 feet above sea level.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Tugaloo River near Madison, S. C., in 1903 and 1904,

Date.

1903.

June 24 .......

July 7 .........

July 9.........

July 31. .......

August 28 .....

September 24 . .

October 9..:...

1904.

January 13 ....

March 11......

July 23. ....... V

August 25 .....

September 6 ...

October 27.....

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles....

M. E. Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles....

F. A. Murray..

J. M. Giles....

.....do ........

W. E. Hall....

B. S. Drane....

M. E. Hall....

Width.

Feet,

156

166

160

157

155

157

152

'Area of 

section.

Square feet.

724

704

665

579

462

420

473

388

691

425

348

499

470

284

Mean 

velocity.

Fee t per sec.

2.66

2.38

2.30

1.88

1.72

1.70

1.96

1.75

2.43

1.90

1.78

2.14

1.91

1.43

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.00

3.69

3.40

2.84

2.18

1.94

2.23

1.81

3.86

2.30

1.80

2.96

2.52

1.41

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,927

1,677

1, 535

1,091

798

715

927

680

1,679

809

622

1,070

896

406
AHOYTND ] SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 41

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Tngaloo River near Madison, 8, C., for 1904-

Day.

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..... ........

10..............

11..............

1°

13.............

14..............

ifL. ............

16..............

17..............

18..... ........

19..............

20..............

21.............:

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

1 SO

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.90

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.70

1.70

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.90

2.00

1.80

1.80

1.70

3.10

6.50

3.40

2.80

2.40

o go

2.00

Feb.

1 90

1.90

1.80

3.00

2.50

2.60

2.90

2.30

2.10

2.10

2.10

9 oo

2.20

4.40

3 °0

9.50

5.40

4.20

3.50

3.20

S flfl

3.00

2.80

Mar.

9 go

2., SO

2.50

2.30

6 90

5.00

4.20

3.90

3.40

3. 50

3.60 

3.30

2.95

2.85

2.80

5.30

5.30

5.80

4.90

4.70

4.30

4.00

3 7ft

3.40

Apr.

3

0E.

3.20

3 in

2.95

o 90

2.'85

6.10

4.50

4.00

3.50

3.40

3.30

3.20

3 in

3 in

3. 00

2.90

o QC;

2.90

2.80

2.80

2.80

9 on

3

QA

2 Qfl

2.85

2.80

May.

2.70

2.70

2.85

3.10

2.80

2.70

4 95

6.50

4.50

3.60

3.10

3.05

3.00

2.90

f> 7PL

2.70

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.50

2.45

2.45

2.40

2.40

2 30

2.25

5.20

June.

3 30

2.60

2.40

2.35

2.30

2.50

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.10

2.10

:>.io

2.10

2.50

o go

2.20

2.10

2.00

1.95

1.95

1 90

1 90

July.

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.80

1.80

2.10

2.30

2.00

2.10

1.80

1.75

1.70

1 80

1 80

1.70

1.60

2.20

1.85

1.75

1.90

1 90

1.70

2 oo

1.90

3.95

Aug.

3.95

o go

2.40

2 40

2.45

6.90

4.10

5.50

6.60

5.40

3. SO

3.30

2.80

3.00

2.50

2.30

2.20

3.80

2.20.

2.05

2.20

2.20

2.85

4 50

3.60

2.80

2.50

2.30

Sept.

2.20

2.40

3.20

3.20

2. 65

2.30

2.20

2.20

2. 20

2.05

2.10

2.05

2.00

1.90

1.85

1.75

1.75

1.90

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.70

1.60

Oct.

1 55

1 60

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.55

1.50

1.45

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.35

1.35

1.40

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.45

1.40

1.40

Nov.

1.40

1.40

1.50

2.20

2.20

2.00

1.60

1.50

r.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.80

2.00

1.80

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.55

1.60

1.80

1.70

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

Dec.

1 60

1 60

1.70

2.00

4.90

2.60

2.10

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.70

1.75

1.70

1.65

1.60

1.65

1.60

1.60

1.90

2.00

1.95

7.00

3.50

2.70

2.30

Rating table for Tngaloo River near Madison, 8. C., from January 1 to December 31,1904.

Gage 

height.

feet.

1.35

1.40

1.50

1.60

i:70

1.80 

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

435

452

490

528

567

607 

648

690

733

777

822

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90 

3.00

, 3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

868

915

963-

1,012

1,062

1,114 

1, 168

1,224

1,281

1,339

1,398

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00 

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1, 458

1,519

1,582

1,646

1,710

1,775 

1, 905

2, 045

2,195

2,345

2, 505

Gage 

height.

Feet,

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20 

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2, 665

2,830

3,000

3,180

3,365

3, 555 

3,745

3,940

4,140

4,340
42 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 121.

The foregoing table is based upon 7 discharge measurements made during 1904. 

It is fairly well denned between gage heights 1.50 feet and 4 feet.

Estimated monthly discharge of Tugaloo Itiver near Madison, 8. (.'., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 593 square miles.]

Month.

January ......................

February ..---.....-.-..-.-...

March ........................

April .........................

July .........................

August .......................

November ......... ..........

The year ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3, 840

7, 325 

14, 450 

3, 460

3,840 

1, 519 

1,742 

4,340 

1,281 

528 

777 

4,340

14, 450

Minimum.

528 

607 

822 

1,062 

800 

648 

509 

712 

528 

435 

452 

490

435

Mean.

829 

1,304 

2,100 

1, 369 

1,259 

880 

682 

1,543 

717 

469 

539 

830

1,043

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.40 

2.20 

3.54 

2. 31 

2.12 

1.48 

1.15 

2.60 

1.21 

.791 

.909 

1.40

1:76

Depth in 

inches.

1.61 

2.37 

4.08 

2.58 

2.44 

1.65 

1.33 

3.00 

1.35 

.912 

1.01 

1.61

23.94

SAVANNAH RIVER AT AUGUSTA, GA.

Observations of river heights have been maintained since 1875 by 

the city of Augusta at the city highway bridge. The results have 

been printed in a volume entitled "Stages of Water at River Stations," 

prepared by the United States Weather Bureau. Those for 1875 to 

1889 are given in part 3, those for 1890 to 1892 in part 4, and those 

for 1893 to 1895 in part 5 of this publication. The gage consists of a 

vertical timber fastened to the pier and graduated to feet and inches. 

Readings are made four times a day by J. M. Youngblood, keeper 

of the cdty bridge, usually at 6 a. m., 12 m., 6 p. m., and 9 p. m. 

The 6 a. m. readings are those used by the Weather Burea'u, but in 

the publications of the United States Geological Survey since 1900 the 

average of all four of the daily readings is used and is reduced to feet 

and tenths of feet.

Discharge measurements are made from the North Augusta Bridge 

at Thirteenth street in the city of Augusta, while the city gfage is 

located at the city bridge at Fifth street, which is about a mile below.

The North Augusta Bridge consists of three iron spans, 208 feet 

each, with 319 feet of wooden approach on the right bank and 259
SALL AN 

HOYT. HIVES BA9IK. 43

feet on the left. The channel is straight for a long distance above 

and below and is about 560 feet wide at low water. The banks are 

high, but will overflow at times under a part of the length of the 

approaches and, at very high stages, for a long distance on either side 

of the river bejT ond the ends of the bridge. The bed of the river is 

sandy and undergoes considerable change. The current is swift. 

Measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge, and 

the initial point is the end of the iron bridge at the right bank on the 

downstream .side.

The gage at the city bridge, 1 mile below the measuring station, is 

a heavy vertical timber, graduated to feet and inches, and is bolted 

to the first bridge pier which is in the water. It is on the side of the 

pier near the upstream corner, facing the right bank. The zero of 

the gage is the datum of all the city levels, and any city bench mark 

can therefore be used. A point is established on the North Augusta 

bridge from which to measure down with a steel tape. This is the 

top of the plate through which the top pipe of the bridge fencing 

passes, which is riveted to the right side of the intermediate post at 

the downstream end of the third floor beam from the. right-bank end 

of the bridge, and at ordinary stages it is 55.00 feet above water, less 

the reading of the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measiirements of Savannah River at Augusta^ Ga., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903.

1904. 

February 5 .....

February 15. . . . 

April 7 ........

July 14........

August 10. ..... 

October 9 ......

October 18.....

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall......

.....do..........

W. E. Hall......

M. R. Hall ......

W. E. Hall...... 

M. R. Hall ......

W. E. Hall......

M. R.-Hall......

.....do..........

.....do..........

Width.

Feet.

526

534

518

519

601 

522

522

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

7,303

3,075

3,069

3,293

3,978 

3,484

2,904

13, 200 

2,387

1,998

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

2.43

1.24

1.27

1.43

1.69 

1.62

1.32

4.22 

1.29

1.03'

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

15.10

7.13

7.20

7.50

8.70 

7.96

6.45

24.57

5.77

5.07

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

17, 740

3,831

3,898

4,714

6,714

5,647

'3, 826

55, 680 

3.068

2,057
44 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height,« infect, of Savannah River at Augusta, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

1. .............

*>

I::::::::::::::

p.

8..............

9.............. 

10.............. 

11..... ........

13..............

15..............

17..............

18..............

20..............

21..............

23..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.2 

7.3

7.2 

7.1 

6.8 

7.0 

7.0 

7.3 

7.4

7.6

7.4

7.5

7.5

7.2 

7.5

7.7

7.6

7.4 

7.6

13.1

13.4

11.5

9.4

8.5

8.2

8.2

8.0

7 Q

Feb.

8.0

7 Q

7 Q

7.7 

7.6

7.7 

7.4 

9.0 

11.9 

11.2 

14.4 

12.7

10.7

9 °

8.7

8.6

8.4

8.1

8.9

11.6 

14.6

18.5

1 F. 7

12.5

10.6

9.5

9.1

9.0

Mar.

8.8

8.6

8.6

8.7 

8.4

8.1 

10.4 

16. 3 

16.2 

12.6 

10.5 

9.7

9.3

9.1

9.1

9.4

9.0 

S.4

8.4

8.2

8.3 

8.5

9.6

11.1

13.4

11.9

10.5

10.4

9.6

9.1

8.8

Apr.

8.6

8.6

8.3

8.2 

8.1

8.0 

7.9 

8.2 

9.1 

10.1 

9.3 

8.7

8.4

8.2

8.0

7.8 

8.0

8.0

7.9

7.8 

7.7

7.7

7.5

7.5

7.6

7.6

7.9

7.8

7.6

May.

7.4

7 K.

7 Q

7.3 

7.6

7.5 

7.3 

7.0

8.8 

8.9 

X.9 

8.0

7.6

7.p

7.2 

7.0

7.0

6.8

6.8 

6.5

6.7

6.4

6.4

6.4

5.6

5.6

6.8

June.

9 '

11.2

9 1

7.9 

7.0

6.9 

7.0 

7.5 

8.0 

7.1 

6.0 

6.0

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.2

6.5

6.6 

7.1

7.2

6^7

5.4

6.2

5.7

5.7

6.6

July.

6.8

7 PL

6.8

5.8

6.0 

5.5 

5.6 

5.1 

6.2 

7.0

6.7

6.3

5.7

5.4

4.8 

5.6

5.4

5.5

5.3 

5.2

5.0

10.1

7.7

8.7

7.8

7.6

9.5

8.5

6.8

Aug.

7.7

7.1

8 9

8.6 

10.4

8.6 

8.4 

16.3 

24.5 

24.5 

19.1 

14.3

11.8

9.6

9

0

10.7

8.3

7.6

10.1 

9.0

7.4

7.1

6.9

6.8

9.2

12.5

12.4

9.9

8.0

Sept.

7 ^

7.0

7.0

6.2

9

0

11.1

10.4 

8.1 

7.3 

7.0 

6.5 

6.7

6.4

6.3

6.1

5.8 

5.5

5.7

5.5

5.5 

5.6

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.7

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.S

Oct.

5.3

4.8

5.3

5.2

5.0 

5.3 

4.7

3.8 

5.5 

5.2 

4.1

4.6

4.5

<? s

5.5 

4.3

4.5

4.3

5.1 

4.2

3.8

5.5

4.8

4.8

4.2

5.4

5.3

S.8

5.6

Nov.

4.8

5.4

5.4 

5.6

6.3 

6.7 

6.5 

6.4 

6.0 

5.6 

5.5

5.4

6.8

7.0

6.7 

6.3

5.9

5.4

6.3 

5.8

5.4

5.9

6.2

5.9

5.6

6.2

5.7

5.4

Dec.

5.7

6.3

6.9

7 Q

8.4 

11.5 

9.S 

S.l

7.7

7.0

7.1

7.0

7.0

6.9 

7.4

7.6

7.1

7.1

6.8

6.8

. 6.3

6.1

6.4

6.8

7.8

9.7

9.9

8.3

«All gage heights mean of four readings per day: 6a.m., 12m., 6p.m., 9p.m
HALL AND 

HOYTND ] SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 45

Ruling table for Savannah River at Augusta, Ga., from January 1 to December 31, 1904-

Gage 

height.

Ftet.

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1, 450

1,500

1, 550

1,610

1,670

1,730

1, 790

1,850

1,920

1,990

2, 060

2,130

2,200

2,360

2, 520

2,690

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5. sb

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8. 50

9.00

9.50

10. 00

10. 50

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

13.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,870

3,050

3, 550

4,100

4,680

5,300

5,980

6,700

7,480

8,300

9, 150

10, 050

10, 980

11,950

12, 950

14, 000

Gage 

height.

Feet.

13.50

14.00

14.50

15. 00

15. 50

16.00

16.50

17.00

17.50

18.00

18.50

19.00

19.50

20.00

, 20.50

21.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

15, 080

16, 200

17, 350

18, 550

19, 780

21, 050

22, 350

23, 700

25, 120

26,600

28, 170

29,800

31,470

33, 200

35,020

36, 900

Gage 

height.

Feet.

21.50

22.00

22.50

23.00

23.50

24.00

24.50

25.00

25.50

26.00

-26.50

27.00

27.50

28.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

38,900

41,000

43, 300

45,800

48,700

52,000

55, 750

60, 000

64, 500

69,000

73, 500

78,000

82, 500

87, 000

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1899-1904 

and is fairly well denned.

Estimated monthly discharge of Sarannah River at Augusta, Ga., for 1904. 

1 [Drainage area, 7,294 square miles.]

Month.

January ...... ................

February -.--.---.-..--..---..

May .........................

June .........................

July .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14, 860 

28, 170 

21, 830 

8,470 

6, 550 

10, 410 

8,470 

55, 750 

10, 230 

2, 690 

4,100 

10, 980

55, 750

Minimum.

3,880 

4, 560 

' 5, 430 

4,680 

2,690 

2,360 

2,060 

3,880 

2,440 

« 1,450 

2,060 

2,780

1,450

Mean.

5, 583 

9,206 

8,579 

5, 512 

4,292 

4,088 

3,769 

11, 710 

3, 796 

2,079 

3,015 

4,772

5, 533

Run-off.

Second -feet 

per square 

mile.

0.765 

1.26 

1.18 

.756 

.588 

.560 

.517 

1.61 

.520 

.285 

.413 

.654

.759

Depth in 

inches.

0.882 

1.36 

1. 36 

.844 

.678 

.625 

.596 

1.86 

.580 

.329 

.461 

.754

10.33

or The low days in October occurred on Sundays, when the mills were not running, and water was 

being held back by the dam.
46 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

CHAUGA RIVER NEAR FORT MADISON, S. O.

A station was established on Chauga River at Bryan wagon bridge, 

2 miles east of Fort Madison and 1 mile above the mouth of the river, 

by M. R. Hall, and measurements were made during 1900 and 1901 in 

connection with the old station on Tugaloo River at Cooks Ferry. 

When the Tugaloo River station was reestablished in 1903 the Chauga 

River station was also reestablished as a bench-mark station. No gage 

has been established, but all discharge measurements are referred to 

a bench mark. Discharge measurements are made from the upstream 

side of the single-span wooden bridge. The bridge is supported by 

log cribs which are filled with rock and anchored to bed rock. The 

floor of the bridge is about 10 feet above low water. The initial point 

for so.undings is the top of anchor bolt in upstream corner of the 

right bank abutment. The channel is straight for about 500 feet 

above the station; below, it is curved for about 50 feet, and then 

straight. The current is swift. The right bank is high, clean, and 

liable to overflow during freshets. The left bank is high, rocky, 

wooded, and is not subject to overflow. Floods can not be measured, 

as high water goes over the bridge. Bench mark No. 1 is a nail in a 

sycamore sapling on the left bank about 100 feet above the bridge. 

Bench mark No. 2 is the top of the downstream guard rail 7 feet from 

right bank. Its elevation is 10.00 feet. Bench mark No. 3 is a large 

nail driven horizontally in the center of the downstream end of the 

lowest cross log of the right bank crib abutment. Elevation, 4.50 feet 

above datum.

Discharge measurements of Chauga Riper near Fort Madison, S. C., in 1904-

Date.

June 10........

September 5 ...

October 27.....

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles. ....

B. S. Drane. . . .

M. R. Hall.....

Width.

Feet.

39

40

37

Area of 

section.

Squarejeet.

61

87

48

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

1.49

1.64

1.33

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.91

1.20

.44

Discharge.

Second-feet.

91

143

64

SENECA RIVER NEAR CLEMSON COLLEGE, S. C.

This station was established by M. R. Hall as a regular station on 

December 8, 1903, at which time a boxed chain gage was installed 

and the bench marks were established. A vertical gage had been put 

in July 19, 1903, by F. A. Murray, and records obtained from it for 

a portion of the time. The station is located at the iron wagon bridge 

about 3 miles south of Clemson College, S. C., and about 300 feet up 

the river from the crossing of the Blue Ridge Railroad, which is a 

branch of the Southern Railway. The bridge is a single span of iron, 

about 157 feet long, with 40 feet of trestle approach on the right bank 

and 70 feet on the left bank. At ordinary stages the channel is about
HALL ANDT 

JIOYT. J SAVANNAH EIVEE DBAINAGE BASIN. 47

150 feet wide. The right bank is high and will not overflow, but the 

left bank will overflow for a considerable width at a gage height of 

about 23 feet. The bed of the river is sandy. The current is moderate. At low stages there is a daily fluctuation of about 1 foot in the 

gage heights, caused by the operation of water powers above. On 

this account the gage is read twice each day, and a mean of the two 

readings is used. The observer is M. L. Sanders.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the 

bridge, and the initial point is the center of the tubular iron pier at 

the right bank downstream. The boxed chain gage is located on the 

lower chord on the downstream side. The 24-inch box extends from 

20 to 22 feet from the initial point. The chain is 31.82 feet long from 

the bottom of the weight to the marker. The vertical gage is of 2 by 

4 inch timbers in 5-foot sections, fastened to a scantling which is 

clamped to the iron braces between the cylinders of the right bank 

pier. Both gages are in good condition, except that mud accumulates 

at the lower end of the vertical gage.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the upstream cylinder of the right 

bank pier at a point marked " B. M.' 1 by chisel cuts. Its elevation is 

28.95 feet above gage datum. Bench mark No. 2 is a copper plug set 

in rock on the right bank under the railroad bridge and about 20 feet 

to the right of the center pier. % Its elevation is 10.27 feet above gage 

datum. This rock is low and has been uncovered by erosion of the 

bank. Bench mark No. 3 is a bench cut on the root of a hickory tree 

at the fork of the roads about 100 feet from the right bank end of the 

bridge. Its elevation is 30.52 feet above gage datum.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. B,. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Seneca River near Clemsun College, 8. ., in. 1903 and 1904-

Date.

1903. 

July 10........

July 28........

July 29........

August 27......

September 23 .. 

October 9......

December 8....

1904. 

January 14......

January 14.....

January28..,..

Hydrographer.

F. A. Murray 

.....do ......

.do 

.do 

.do

J. M. Giles .. 

W. E. Hall ..

F. A. Murray 

.....do ......

W, E, Hall ....

Width.

Feet.

148

148

148

147

134

149

131

128

140

148

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

748

525

538

434

316

473

326

336

426

529

Mean 

velocity.

Ffft per see.

1.85

1.82

2.00

?.oo

1.95

2. 22

1.65

1.78

1.88

1.94

Gage 

height.

Pert.

4.54

3. 53

3. 56

3.14

2.51

3.43

2.21

2.23

2.87

3.41

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1, 388

959

1,077

869

616

1,050

. 539

601

802

1,027
48 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Discharge measurements of/Seneca River near Clemson. College, S. C., etc. Continued.

Date.

1904 Cont'd. 

March 10 ...... 

March 1 1

May 11........

June 9 .........

July 16........

August 25. 

September 6 ... 

October 5 ......

December 6 ....

December 6. ...

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles .... 

.....do ........

W. E. Hall ....

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

B. S. Drane....

W. E. Hall .... 

B. S. Drane.... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

148 

148

148

147

147

142

128 

148 

145

150

150

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

722 

653

488

494

524

208

331 

487 

300

874

778

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

2.33 

2.29

2.00

1.86

1.94

1.37

1.54 

1.90 

1.73

2.60

2.44

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.28 

4.76

3.43

3.55

3.73

1.41

2.38 

3.40 

2.15

5. 52

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

1,680 

1,493

978

920

1,015'

286

509 

924 

520

2 274

1,901

Mean, daily gage heigltt, in feet, of Seneca River near flemson College, /S'. C., for 1904-

Day.

1..............

3..............

4.............. 

5.............. 

6..............

8..............

9.. ............

10.............. 

11.............. 

12..............

13..............

14..............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 

20.... .. ......

99

26.............. 

27. .............

9^

29. ............. 

30. ............. 

31..............

Jan.

2.55

2.65

2.50

2.75 

2.30 

2.30 

2.60

2.70

2.45 

2.75 

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.75

2. 50 

2.50 

2.45

3.05

3.85 

3.25 

3.10

3.10 

3.05 

2.85

Feb.

2.85

2.75

2.85

2.85 

2.80 

2.60 

2.70

3.70 

3.65

9 7Pi

 i) QCL

2.70

3.25 

5.70

10.15 

6.45

4.35 

3.75 

4.05 

4 00

3. 55

Mar.

3.55

3.30 

3.45 

3.05

5. 1C 

4.80 

4. 55

4.05

3 on

3 7^

3.70 

3.30

4.80

G.50

5.30 

4.20 

4.70 

4 40

4.30 

4.10 

3.90

Apr.

3.10

3.50 

3.40 

3.50 

4.75

4.15 

4.25 

3.95

3 7^

4.10

9

7^

3.45 

3.45

3.40

3.50

3.20 

3.30 

3.60 

Sift

3.20 

3.50

May.

3.10

3.15

3.45

3.35 

3.60 

3.25 

3.05

3.65

6.20

4.35 

4.15 

3.45

3.40

3.35

3.20

3 on

3.00 

3.00

2. 50

2. 75

2.50 

2.50 

2.50 

2.40

2. 55 

3.10

June.

4.00

3.30

3.20 

2.85 

3.20 

4.20

4.80

3.10 

3.40 

2.75

2.70

o Fyi

o en

2.50

2.30 

3. 55 

3.00

2.50 

9 50

2.45

2.20 

2.00 

2.05 

9 IF;

3.10 

4.10

July.

2.50

2.40

2.10 

1.75 

2.30 

2.30

2.00

2.50

2.50 

2.45 

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.10

 > ft*;

2. 55 

1.85 

9 oo

2.45

0 £Fi

2.60 

2.70 

2.10 

9 go

2. 45 

2.40 

2.45

Aug.

4.45

3.95

3.25

2.65 

3.15 

4.45

4.00 

5.50 

6.00

3

1 F;

5 OK

3 7ft

2.85 

4.40 

3 in

2.50

o go

3.20 

3.10 

4.30 

4.75

3.10 

3.15 

3.00

Sept.

2.70

3.15

2.80

2.55 

3.20 

3.10

2.70

9 go

2.70 

2.80 

2.65

2.75

2.75

2. 45

2.45

2.50

2.45 

2.05 

2.45

2.90

2.35 

2.40

2.95 

2. SO

Oct.

2.40

2.25

2. 25

2.00 

1.95 

1.95 

1.85

1.50

1.80 

1.95 

2.40

1 80

2.30

1.35

1.75

1.25 

1.30 

1 40

1.70 

1.40

1.70 

1.80 

1.75

1 ftfl

1.70 

1.45

Nov.

1.90

1.95

1.90

3.05 

, 2.70 

2.55 

9 55

2.00

1.95

2.15 

2.05 

2.45

2.60

2.70

9 90

9 go

2 20

2.60 

2.15

2. 25

^ 60

2.65 

2.60 

2.05 

2.05

2.05 

2.C5

Dec.

2.20

2.15

2. 25

2.05 

2.90 

6.05 

3.75

3.40

3.55

2.70 

2.80 

2.65

2.45

2.40

2 30

2.50

2.45 

2.30 

>> go

2.30

1 95

2.15 

2.45 

2.95 

5 «>5

4.00 

3.00
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 49

Rating table for Seneca. River near Clemson College, $'. C'., from January 1 to December

31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1,60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

285

sio

336

363

391

420

450

481

512

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

544

577

610

644

678

713

749

785

822

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

859

897

936

975

1, 015

1,055

1,096

1,138.

1,180

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.20

4.40

4.60

' 4.80

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,265

1,351

1,440

1,530

1,620

1,870

2,120

2, 395

2,670

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1903 and 

1904. It is fairly well denned to gage height 6.4 feet. Discharges above 7-foot gage 

approximate estimates.

Estimated monthly discharge of Seneca River near Clemson College, S. C., for 1904-

Discharge in second-feet.

March .............................-........--_...

April. ..-...--.-------.-------...-----.---.----...

May ..............................................

August ......... .-.....----..-.--....---.--....

September ........................................

October ..........................................

November ........................................

December ...^. ...................................

The vear. ...................................

Maximum.

2,615

4,700

5,800

1,745

2,670

2.340

767

3,920

956

577

804

2,148

5.800

Minimum.

544

644

804

822

577

450

377

610

466

250

420

435

250

Mean.

769

1,162

1,506

1,078

943

841

557

1,253

683

.377

564

741

873

KOOKY RIVER NEAR CALHOUN FALLS, S. C.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. It is located 

at a highway bridge just below Swearingen's mill, about 3i miles 

northwest of Calhoun Falls, S. C. Discharge measurements are made 

from the downstream side of the bridge, which is 110 feet long and 

supported by two timber piers. The initial point for soundings is the 

right end of the downstream guard rail. The channel is curved for 

about 200 feet above and straight for 300 feet below the station. The 

current is swift. Both banks are subject to overflow during high 

1KB 127 05 t
50 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

water. The bed of the stream is composed of sand and gravel and is 

very changeable. The washing out and filling in of the channel prevents rating. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of 

trestle cap on the left side of pier next the right bank. Its elevation 

is 6.00 feet above gage datum.

Dlsclwrge measurements of Rocky River near Chlhoun Falls, 8. C., in 1904-

Date.

March 17......

September 7 ...

Hydrogfapher.

J.M.Giles.....

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

60

91

Area of 

section.

Sgitarefeet. 

143

114

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.76

1.74

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.60

2.50

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

251

198

BROAD RIVER (OF GEORGIA) NEAR CARLTON, GA.

This station was established May 27, 1897, by M. R. Hall. The 

gage is now maintained and the observer paid by the United States 

Weather Bureau. The station is located at the Seaboard Air Line 

Railroad bridge 3 miles east of Caiiton, Ga., arid 2 miles above the 

mouth of the South Fork. The boxed chain gage is bolted to the guard 

rail, with its bottom resting on the upstream end of the cross-ties. The 

center of the pulley is 39.5 feet from the initial point for soundings. 

The length of the chain from the end of the weight to the marker is 

54.00 feet. The observer is S. P. Powers, jr., who reads the gage 

once each day. Discharge measurements are made from the upstream 

side of the railway bridge to which the gage is attached. This is an 

iron deck bridge in two spans of 125 feet each, with trestle approaches 

340 feet long on the left bank and 50 feet long on the right bank. The 

base of the rail of the track is about 51 feet above low water. The initial point for soundings is the end of the iron bridge on the right bank 

upstream side. The channel above and below the station is straight 

for 500 feet. The right bank is high and wooded and is not liable to 

overflow. The left bank is low for about 400 feet and is then high 

and rocky. It overflows at a gage height of about 16 feet. The bed 

of the stream is sand and gravel, and is somewhat changeable.

Bench mark No. L is the top of the upstream iron girder under the 

cross-ties at a point about 40 feet from the initial point for soundings. 

Its elevation is 51.00 feet above gage datum. Bench mark No. 2 is the 

top of the capstone of the right bank pier at a point under the upstream 

side of the end of the bridge. Its elevation is 30.78 feet above the 

gage datum. Bench mark No. 3 is a copper plug set in solid rock in 

the railroad cut 1,135 feet from the west end of the iron bridge, 11 feet 

north of the center of the track, and at about the same elevation as the 

bottom of the cross-ties. Its elevation above gage datum is 57.67 

feet. Gage datum is 384 feet above sea level.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.
HAHOYTND] SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 51

Discharge measurements of Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga., in 1903 and 1904-

Date.

1903. 

March 21 ......

May 8 .........

June 11.. ......

August 1 4 ......

September 16 ..

October 29.....

December 8....

1904. 

March 17......

May 5 .........

July21 ........

November 15... .

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles.

.....do........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

..'...do ........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

207

185

200

181

198

162

172

181

155

129

175

147

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

859

582

734

456

877-

359

395

469

394

250

512

399

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

3.02

2.13

2.40

2.09

2.77

1.69

1.59

1.72

1.47

1.20

1.44

1.15

Uage 

height.

Feet. 

4.55

3.10

3.65

2.70

4.52

2.16

2.20

2.62

2.20

1.48

2.37

1.88

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

2,592

1,242

1,766

953

2,435

606

628

* 809

581

299

' 737

460

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

5. .............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10...----.......

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16. ............. 

17... ...........

18..............

19

21..............

25.- ............

26. .............

°8

"9

30..............

31..............

Jan.

0 t

0 0

0 3

0 3

0 0

0 0

 i «>

»,

:J

. 2.3

"

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.4

2.2 

2.2

3.8

3.2

2.7

2.4

2.5

Feb.

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.5

3.4

3.1 

3.0

3.3

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

3.6

3.3

4.8

4.6

3.7

3.4

2.9

2.8

2.7

Mar.

2.8

2.6

2.6

3.7

5.7

4.8 

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.9

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.5 

4.0

3.4

4.3

3.5

3.3 

3.0

2.7

2.6

Apr.

 5

2.5

2.7

0 5

2.4

2 4 

2.3

2.3

2.3 

2.4

2.4

2.3

2. -4

0 0

2.3 

2.4

0 0

May.

Q <J

0 0

0 1

0 1

0 1

2.1

2 2

3.5 

3.0

o f>

2.1

2.1

 . 1

2.0

1.9 

1 9

1 9

1.9

1.8

l.S 

1.8

l.S

1.8

3.4

June.

2.4

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8 

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.6 

1.6

July.

 j

i 9

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

4.2 

2.7

2.0

2.0

2.0 

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5 

1.6

1.9

1.8

1.6

2.6 

1.9

1.7

3.0

1.6

Aug.

1.6

1.9

2.5

6.5

10.4 

6.3

4.2

3.3

3.0 

2.7

2.5

2.6

2.1

4.2

2.9 

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9 

3.1

3.3

2.9

O O

2.0

Sept.

1.9

1 9

1.8

2.4

3.2

2.8

2.1

2.0 

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8 

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6 

2.1

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6 

1.6

1.6

1.5

Oct.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6 

1.7,

1.7

1.6

' 1.6

1.6

Nov.

1.6

1.6

1.7

1 9

2 1

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.6

1.6

1.6

2.0

0 i>

2.0

1.9 

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.9

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

Dec.

1 9

2

t

2.4

2.6

2.4

0 3

2.1

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.1

3.0

2.5
52 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IK 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Rating table for Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga.,frum January 1 to

December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

305

340

380

420

460

510

560

610

670

730

790

850

i

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3., 60

3.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

920

990

1,060

1,130

1,200

1,280

1,360

1,440

1,520

1,600

1,680

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,770

1,860

1,950

2,130

2, 320

2, 520

2,720

2,920

3,140

3,360

3,600

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.80

6.00

6.50

7.00

7,50

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50

10.00

10.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,840

4,100

4, 750

5,400

6,100

6,800

7,500

8, 200

8, 950

9,700

10, 450

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1900-1904. 

It is well defined between gage heights 1.5 feet and 5.3 feet. Above this latter point 

the curve is based on one measurement at 9.1 feet.

Estimated monthly discharge of Broad River (of Georgia) near Carlton, Ga., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 762 square miles.]

Month.

February .....................

March ........................

April ....... ..................

May .........................

June .........................

Julv .........................

August .......................

September ....................

November ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,770 

2,720 

3,720 

920 

1,520 

790 

2,130 

10, 300 

1,280 

380 

670 

2,130

10,300

Minimum.

610 

670 

790 

610 

420 

340 

305 

340 

305 

305 

340 

460

305

Mean.

741 

1,113

1,247 

720 

629 

478 

522 

1,409 

471 

314 

434 

688

730

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.972 

1.46 

1.64 

.945 

.825 

.627 

.685 

1.85 

.618 

.412 

.570 

.903

.959

Depth in 

inches.

1.12

1.58 

1.89 

1.05 

.951 

.700 

.790 

2.13 

.690 

.475 

.636 

1.04

13.05
HALL 

HOYT

AND") 

fT. J SAVANNAH KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 53

BROAD RIVER (SOUTH FORK) NEAR CARLTON, GA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. It is located 

at Bull Rat Rock, about 1 mile south of Carlton, Ga. Discharge 

measurements are made at a shoal about 100 yards above the rock by 

means of a boat. The initial point for soundings is a small sweet gum 

tree on the left bank. The channel is curved for 200 feet above and 

500 feet below the station. The current is sluggish. The right 

bank is cultivated, and the left is wooded. Both banks are subject to 

overflow at rare intervals. The bed of the stream is composed of 

rock and is very rough. The bench mark is composed of three copper nails driven into the gum tree, which forms the initial point for 

sounding. Its elevation is 5.00 feet above datum.

Discharge measurements of Broad River (South Fork) near Carlton, Ga., in 1904-

Date.

July 20........

September 7 ...

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

100

105

Area of 

section.

Square feet, 

179

158

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

0.36

.73

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.00

1.20

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

64

115

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN SAVANNAH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

The following is a list of miscellaneous discharge measurements 

made in Savannah River drainage basin during 1904:

Keowee Rlvtr near Galhoun, S. C. Keowee River is tributary to 

Seneca River from the north near Seneca, S. C. A measurement was 

made January 16 from the Lawrence Bridge, 5 miles northwest of 

Calhoun. The bench mark is the top of the upstream end of the first 

iron cross bream from the right bank. 27.00 feet above the datum of 

the gage.

Width, 144 feet; area, 620 square feet; mean velocity, 1.11 feet per second; gage 

height, 2.91 feet; discharge, 691 second-feet.

Tiger Creek, at Wiley, Ga. This stream is tributary to Tallulah 

River from the north, entering near Tallulah Falls, Ga. A measurement was made June 13 from the railroad trestle, one-fourth mile 

northwest of Wiley.

Width, 14 feet; area, 11 square feet; mean velocity. 1.12 feet per second; discharge, 

12.3 second-feet.

Broad River (South Fork) near Comer, Ga. A measurement was 

made March 16 at the Seaboard Air Line Railroad bridge, 1£ miles 

west of Comer. The bench mark is the top of the girder at sounding 

point 30. Its elevation is 49.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 74 feet; area, 68 square feet; mean velocity, 1.56 feet per second; gage 

height, 1.18 feet; discharge, 106 second-feet.
54 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Broad River (South Fork] near Carlton, Get. A measurement was 

made May 4 at the foot of the shoals below Watson's mill.

Width, 50 feet; area, 81 square feet; mean velocity, 1.28 feet per second; discharge, 

104 second-feet.

The gage at Carlton read 2.20 feet.

Clouds Creek near Carl ton, Ga. This stream is tributary to Broad 

River. A measurement was made May 4 below the ford on the public 

road one-half mile east of Watson's mill, near Carlton.

Width, 36 feet; area, 36 square feet; mean velocity, 1 foot per second; discharge, 

36 second-feet.

The gage at Carlton read 2.20 feet.

OGEECHEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Ogeechee River is formed by the junction of Williamsons Swamp 

Creek and Rocky Comfort Creek in Jefferson County, Ga., and drains 

a small basin in southeastern Georgia lying between the Savannah and 

Altamaha basins. Ogeechee River flows in a southeasterly direction 

and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Its main tributary is Cannoochee 

River, which rises in Emanuel County, Ga., flows southeast, and joins 

the Ogeechee about 20 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The streams 

in this basin flow through a country that is mostly low. The current 

is generally good, but the fall available for power is probably small. 

' The bank on one side or the other of the stream is generally low and 

swampy.

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this 

drainage during 1904:

WILLIAMSONS SWAMP CREEK AT DAVISBORO, GA.

This station was established June 19, 1903, by F. A. Murray. It is 

located at the Davisboro Bridge, about 200 yards south of the Central 

of Georgia Railroad station, which is in the middle of the town. The 

gage is a vertical 1 by 3 inch wooden rod 10 feet long, graduated to 

feet and tenths with notches and numbered with brass figures. The 

rod is nailed to the left side of the upstream post of the bent which 

supports the bridge at a point 302 feet from the initial point for 

soundings. The gage is read once each day by A. Baker, a hotel proprietor,, who is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey. Discharge 

measurements are made from the upstream side of the wooden highway bridge, which is supported by wooden bents about 18 feet apart. 

The initial point for soundings is the outer edge of the post which 

supports the end of the hand rail on the left bank upstream side of 

the bridge. The channel is straight for about 200 feet above and below 

the station. The right bank is low and overflows at a gage reading of
HALL AND"] 

HOYT. J OGEECHEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 55

4 to 4i feet. The left bank will overflow at a gage height of 3 feet. 

The bed of the stream is sandy and is slightly shifting. There is but 

one channel at all stages. The current is somewhat obstructed by the 

bents which support the bridge at low water and by trees and brush 

on the banks at high water.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the bridge floor at the bent 302 feet 

from the i litial point for soundings on the upstream side of the bridge.

The point 

top of the

of the gage, which is attached to the same bent. Bench mark No. 2 is

the center

stands in 1,he creek near the right bank about 40 feet below the bridge. 

The nail is on the side of the tree toward the bridge and is at an elevation of 5.50 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is the 

center of a large wire nail driven horizontally in a small cypress tree 

on the right bank about 45 feet below the bridge. The nail is on the 

tree toward the bridge and is at an elevation of 5.50 feet

Discharg

is marked with a cross and the letters " B. M." cut into the 

bridge-floor plank. Its elevation is 11.00 feet above the zero

of a large wire nail driven horizontally in an ash tree which

zero of the gage. The nails for both bench marks are

side of th

above the

driven within about one-half inch of the wood, from which the bark

has been removed. This station was discontinued on December 31,

1904.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

measurements of Williamsons Swamp Cveek at Davisboro, Ga., in 1904.

Date.

June 19 ...

July 18....

July 29....

July 29....

October 13. 

October 13.

November !> 

December 2

-- -

Hydrographer.

.....do ................

M. R. Hall ............

.....do ................

F. A. Murray ..........

.....do ................

.....do ................

.....do ................

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

104 

123 

60 

43 

62* 

64 

124 

133.

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

0.80 

.81 

.77 

1.05 

.75 

.64 

.76 

.73

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.41 

2.58 

1.64 

1.64 

1.72 

1.64 

2.58 

2.69

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

83 

100 

46 

45 

47 

41 

94 

97
56 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Mean daily gat/e height, in feet, of WilUamsoiis Rwamp Greek at Davisboro, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

1. .............

o

4.........".....

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

12..............

13..............

14.............. 

15.............. 

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

22..............

f)O

24..............

27..............

°8

og

30.............. 

31..............

Jan.

2.70

2. GO

2.40

2.50

2.50

O QA

 > go

2.60 

2.90

2.70

>> go

o ^o

2.70

o go

2 90

4.20

3.90

3.00

2.90 

2.90

Feb.

2.80

2.90

0 gQ

2 50

o go

2.60

3.10

3.70 

3.60 

3.50

3 10

4.00

3.70

3.30

3 ftfi

3.10

Mar.

2.70

o go

3.40

3.10

4.10

3.60

2.70 

3.20 

2.80

2.50

2.40

 > go

2.90

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.90

3.40

2.50

2.50 

2.60

Apr.

2.50

2.70

o 40

2.25

2.30

2.40

2.20 

o go

2.30 

2.25

o 00

2.05

2.00

2.00

2.00

1 90

9 oo

2 00

1 95

1.90

May.

1 80

1.80

1 SF*

1.55

1.60

1.90 

1 80

1 80

1.45 

1.65

i ^o

1.45

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.25

1.60

1.25

1.25

1.30

1.60 

3.00

June.

3.10

3.10

i) on

1.90

1.45

1.40

3.40 

o oo

1 ^f\

1.50 

1.50 

1.40

1.40

1 40

1 30

1.40

1.25

1.20

1 °0

1.20

1.10

1.50

1.55

July.

2.20

1.30

1 40

1.30

1.30

1.35 

1.35

1.70

1.40 

1.50 

1.35

1.30

1 80

1.50

1.20

1.40

1.50

1.85

1.45

2 50

1.80

1.60

2.50

2.25 

2.10

Aug.

4.60

4.60

o 30

1.80

Q Of)

3.60

3.85 

5.35

5.50

4 00

2.80

2.40 

2.40 

2.20

o oo

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.70

5.10

5.00

2.50 

2.30

Sept.

2.20

2.10

2.00

2.00

2.05

2.05

2.10

2.00

2.00

1.95 

1.90 

1.85

1.80

1.80

1 80

1.70

1.70

1.75

1.80

1 80

1.70

1 80

1.60

1.60

Oct.

1.65

1.50

1 *\f\

1.80

1.70

1.60

1.70

1.45

1.40

1.50 

1.50 

1.50

1.40

1 r\[\

1.50

1.40

l.GO

1.50

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.70

1.50

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

Nov.

1.40

1.40

2.00

2.90

2.90

2.40

2.10

1 80

3.60 

3.00 

2.10

2. 20

» > on

o 00

2.00

2.60

2.80

2 80

2.60

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.40

Dec.

2.10

2.10

3.10

3.60

3.20

3.00 

2.10

2.90

2.60

2.60

2.50 

2.70 

3.30

3.00

2.10

2.10

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

o go

2.50

2.50

o go

2.60

3.00 

2.80

CANNOOCHEE RIVER NEAR GROVEL.AND, GA.

This station was established June 12, 1903, by F. A. Murray. It is 

located at Moody "s bridge, 3 miles south of Groveland, Bryan County, 

Ga. The original gage, reading from 0 to IT feet, is nailed to the 

right side of the upstream post of the fourth bent from the left bank. 

From IT to 20 feet the post is graduated to feet and half feet with 

nails and brass figures. A new gage consisting of two 5-foot sections 

of notched gage rod, reading from 0 to 10 feet is fastened with lag 

screws to the left bank side of upstream post of the third bent from 

left bank, this being the first bent in water at ordinary stage. A third 

section of the gage, reading-from 5 to 10 feet, is fastened to a gum tree 

on the left bank 25 feet above the bridge. This gage faces the bridge 

and is used for the stages which it covers. The observer is J. M. 

Edwards, who reads the gage once each day. He is paid by the Georgia 

Geological Survey. Discharge measurements are made from the 

downstream side of the 9-span wooden highway bridge. The initial 

point for soundings is the outer edge of the post which supports the
HALT, AND"] 

HOYT. J OC4EECHEE BIVEB DRAINAGE BASIX. 57

end of the hand rail of the downstream side of the bridge on the left 

bank. The channel is straight for about 300 feet above and for about 

 400 feet below the station. The current is swift in the main channel 

and sluggish near the banks. Both banks are of clay and sand and 

overflow at from 15 to 16 feet gage height. The bed of the stream is 

of silt and is shifting. There is but one channel at all stages up to 

the height at which the river overflows its banks.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the bridge floor at the fourth bent 

from the left end of the bridge on the upstream side opposite a point 

61 feet from the initial point for soundings. The point is marked by 

a cross and the letters B. M. cut in the floor. It is at an elevation of 

20.00 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is a spike in 

a pine tree which stands near the upstream side of the road 15 feet 

from the left end of the bridge and 9 feet upstream from the line of 

the edge of the bridge. It is at an elevation of 20.12 feet above the 

zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 consists of two large wire nails 

driven into the tree to which the third section of the gage is fastened 

at a gage height of 5.30 feet. Two more nails are also driven at the 

8-foot mark.

The observations at this station during 190-4 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Cannoochee River near Groreland, Ga., in 1903 and 1904.

Date. .

1903. 

June 12 ........ 

June 23........

July 17........

July 17........

August 21 ......

October 9 ......

November 18 . .

December 29...

1904. 

February 20 ... 

July 22........

July 22«.......

September 12 . .

October 29«_... 

October 29«....

November 29. . . 

November 30. ..

Hydrograper.

F. A. Murray . . 

.....do ........

.....do ........

.... .do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

F. A. Murray . . 

M. R.Hall.....

.....do ........

W. E.Hall..... 

.... -do .....'...

B. S. Drane.... 

.... .do ........

W. E.Hall..... 

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

132 

101

110

104

141

95

96

105

121 

63

 33

96 

96

32 

32

78 

78

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

1,492 

560

1,077

1,049

1,821

480

526

603

1,069 

125

43

428 

430

34 

36

237

238

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

2.32 

1.31

2.06

2.44

2.26

.96

1.39

1.68

1.94 

.22

.70

1.02 

1.01

.83 

.85

.38 

.39

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.90 

5.20

9.97

9.92

15.11

4.45

5.05

6.20

9.45 

1.53

1.61

4.16 

4.16

1.54 

1.54

2.27 

2.30

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

3,467 

734

2 224

2, 562

4,125

462

734

1,014

2,075

27

30

438 

435

29 

31

91 

93

a Wading 1,000 feet below bridge.
58 STKEAM MEASUREMENTS IN" 1904, PAKT IV. [NO. 127. 

3femi daily gage height, in feet, of Gannoochee River near GroreJand, Ga., for 1904-

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3........ .....

4..............

5.............. 

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

11..............

12..............

13. ............. 

14. ............. 

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. ............. 

20. .............

22..............

24..............

26.............. 

28..............

29..............

30.............

31..............

Jan.

7 >

7.6

7.6

6 9

6.5

5

9

5.2

4.9

5.2 

5.2 

5.0

5.0

4.7

4.5 

4.4

4.0

5

C

9.7 

11.6

12.7 

13.4

19 9

11.0

9.8

Feb.

9 3

8.2

7.6

7.0

6.2

12.5

14.5 

15.4 

15. » 

14.5

13.7

13.7

11. 5

10.2 

9.5

9.2

10.0

U K

32.3 

13.7

12.5 

11.7 

10.2

9 8

Mar.

9 6

9 1

7.6 

7.6

7.6

7.7 

7.4 

7.1

6 9

6.7

6.4

6.2 

6.0

5.8

5.5

5 9

6.8 

7.2 

8.0

6 9

' G. 3

Apr.

5 9

5.7

5.2

4.7

4.3

4.0

4.0

4.4

4.8

5.0 

5.2 

5.3

4.8

3.5 

3.0

3.4

3.0

O Q

2, 6 

2.5

2.5

O Q

....:..

May.

2. 2

2.0

2.0 

2.0 

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8 

1.7

' 1.7 

1.7

1.0 

1.6

1.6 

1.6

1 9

I

D

1.9

June.

2.0

2.0

1.9

1 9

1 9

1 9

1.9

1.8 

1.8 

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.8 

1 9

1.9 

1 9

1.9 

1.9

1.8

1.8

July.

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

2.0

2.4

1 9

2.3

Aug.

4.5

4.6

5 9

4.9

5.9

10.8

13.2

14.2

13.7

n.o

9.9

8.9 

7 9

6 9

6.0

5.3

4.8 

4.6

4.4

4.0

3.8 

3 9

4.5 

4 9

r o

5.6

5.9

Sept.

6.2

6.4

6.2

4.8

4.1 

3.8

5.0

6.8

6.0

4.7

4.1

4.1 

3.9

3.0

2.8

2.9 

2.5

2.4

2.4 

2.7

3.0 

2.7

2.6 

2.5

2.3

Oct.

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.9 

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.6 

1.6

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.6

i.e.

1.6 

1.6

1.6 

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

Nov.

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.9

1.9 

2.0

2.5 

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.2

O Q

2.4 

2.4

1 0

0 0

Dec.

0 <>

2 2

0 t

t o

2.4

o 9

2.8

2.8 

2.8 

2.7

2.4

2.6

2.4

2.4

O Q

2.2

2.4

Rating table for Cannoochee River near Groveland, Ga., from January 1 to December 31,

1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

30-

36

42

49

57

65

74

84

95

107

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.40

3.60

Discharge.

Sectintl-feet.

120

134

149

165

182

200

218

237

276

317

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5. 00

5.20

5.40

5.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

360

405

453

503

554

606

660

714

769

825

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.80

6.00

6. 50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50

10.00

Discharge.

Fecund-feet.

882

940

1/090

1,245

1,405

1,570

1,740

1,915

2, 095

2, 275
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA E1VER DRAINAGE BASIN. 59

The foregoing table is based upon 17 discharge measurements made during 1903-4. 

It is well denned between gage heights 1.5 feet and 6.2 feet. Above 10 feet the 

rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 75 per 0.2 feet rise in gage.

Estimated monthly discJiarge of Chnnoochee River near Groveland, Ga., for 1904-

Month.

January ......._....._....._.._....'_._._.....__...

March ............................................

June .... ........................................

July .............................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

The year ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,550 

4,300 

2,131 

911

107 

65 

107 

3,850 

1,183 

74 

149 

182

4,300

Minimum.

405 

1,000 

714 

95 

36 

36 

30 

360 

84 

30 

30 

74

30

Mean.

1,317

2,508 

1,301 

428 

60.8 

52.2 

52.6 

1,324 

390 

42.0 

84.1 

122

640

AI/TAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Altamaha River is formed by the junction of Oconee and Ocmulgee 

rivers, which unite at the southern boundary of Montgomery County, 

Ga. Ohoopee River is also a tributary and enters it, from the north 

side, about 50 miles below the junction of the Oconee and Ocmulgee. 

The Altamaha River drainage basin is entirely within the State of 

Georgia. The river rises in the north-central part and flows in a 

southeasterly direction, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean near Darien. 

Below the junction of the Oconee and Ocmulgee and for a long distance above, on both rivers, there is no great amount of fall. Steamboat navigation is carried on from Darien to Macon on the Ocmulgee, 

and to Dublin, and at times to Milledgeville, on the Oconee.

Ohoopee River rises in Washington County and flows in a southeasterly direction to the Altamaha. It flows from the low hills of 

southeastern Georgia into the flat pine lands. Though it has not so 

much fall as the more northern streams, it has considerable fall that 

can be developed into power.

Oconee River rises on the southern slope of the Chattahoochee 

Ridge, in Hall County, and joins the Middle Oconee on the southwest 

boundary of Clarke County. From there it flows in a southeasterly 

direction to the Altamaha. Apalachee River is a large tributary
60 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

which rises in Gwinnett and Walton counties and enters the Oconee 

near the southeastern corner of Morgan County. Little River enters 

the main stream at the corner of Putnam, Hancock, and Baldwin 

counties, about 15 miles above Milledgeville, Ga. These tributaries 

have much fall, and a small part of it is developed. The Oconee has 

a fall of 250 feet in 45 miles. It has some very large water powers 

available from its source down to Milledgeville, where it crosses the 

fall line.

Ocmulgee River, the most westerly of the main tributaries, rises in 

the north-central part of Georgia on the southern slope of the Chattahoochee Ridge, in Fulton, Dekalb, and Gwinnett counties. It is 

formed by the junction of Yellow and South rivers just south of the 

southern corner of Newton County. Yellow River rises in Gwinnett 

County and flows in a southerly direction into the Ocmulgee. South 

River rises in Fulton and Dekalb counties and flows in a southeasterly direction. Alcovy River joins the Ocmulgee about 5 miles below 

the junction of South and Yellow rivers. Towaliga River enters the 

Ocmulgee at about the southwest corner of Jasper County.

All these tributaries rise in and flow through a very hilly country 

and have a great deal of fall. Ocmulgee River has a fall of over 210 

feet in 35 miles. The last fall of much size is only a few miles above 

Macon, Ga.

The following pages give the results of data collected in this drainage during 19u4:

SOUTH RIVER NEAR LITHONIA, GA.

This station was established August 17, 1903, by F. A. Murray. 

The station is located a short distance above Albert Shoals, 6 miles 

south of Lithonia, Ga. The gage is a vertical 10-foot rod fastened to 

a tree on the right bank just below the bridge. It is read once each 

day by W. N. New, who is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey. 

Discharge measurements are made from the 3-span wooden highway 

bridge. The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge on 

the right bank, upstream side. The channel above the station is nearly 

straight for about 300 feet, and the current is sluggish, being held 

back by rock ledges below the station. Below the station the channel 

curves slightly and the current is sluggish for about 400 feet, at which 

point the shoals begin. The right bank is low and overflows at a gage 

height of 9 or 10 feet into a second channel, which has a width at high 

water of about 200 feet. The left bank is high and rocky and does 

not overflow. The bottom is solid rock.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the upstream end of the first wooden 

floor beam from the right banK. Its elevation is 15.00 feet above the 

zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is the center of a wire nail driven
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 61

horizontally in the upstream side of the base of a willow tree on the 

left bank about 40 feet upstream from the bridge. Its elevation is 

4.00 feet above the zero of the gage. The station was discontinued 

on December 31, 1904.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of South River near Lithonia, Ga., in 1903 and 1904-

Date.

1903.

September 10 . . 

September 10« .

1904.

March 7 .......

March 11 ......

July 16........

August 9 .......

September 23 . .

Hydrographer.

F. A. Murray ..

M. R. Hall .... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall ....

M. R. Hall ....

W. E. Hall ....

F. A. Murray . . 

.....do........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall .... 

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

96

102 

60

100

103

108

97

91

109 

109

109

102 

105

Area of 

section.

Square feel. 

294

279 

81

273

290

382

293

216

446 

416

398

250 

369

Mean

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

0.61

.37

1.48

.38

.44

1.44

.63

.26

2.62 

2.24

2.04

22 

1.59

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.55

3.43 

3.46

3.40

3.58

4.20

3.67

3.22

4.90 

4.60

4.53

3.16

4.28

Discharge.

Second-feet.

179

104 

120

104

138

549

185

56

1,172 

934

812

55

588

a Barkers Bridge, 1 inile above station.
62 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PAET IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of South Ewer near Lithonia, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

4. .............

11 .............

12..............

13..............

14.............. 

15.............. 

16.............. 

17..............

18.............. 

19............'.. 

20..............

v>

23.............. 

24..............

25..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

81..............

Jan.

3.5

3

CL

3.5

3.5

3.5 

3.5

3.5 

3.5

3.5

3.5

3

K

3

K

3.5

3.5 

3.6 

3.5 

3.7

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6

4.2 

4.1

4.1

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5 

3.5

3.5

Feb. '

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5 

3.6

3.6

4.1

3.7

4.5

4.3

3 7

3.6

3.7 

3.7 

3.6 

3.6

3.7 

3.7 

4.5

4.1

4.6

4.5 

4.3

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.6

Mar.

3.7

3.6 

3.5

4.2 

4.1

3.6

3.6

3 7

3 7

3.6

4.1 

3.7 

3.7 

3.7

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6

Q 7

3.7

Q 7

Q 7

3.7

3.6

3.6 

3.6

3.6

Apr.

3.6

3.6 

3.6

3.7 

3.7

3.7

3.6

3 7

3.7

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6

3.6 

3.6 

3.6

3.6 

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.6 

3.6

May.

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6 

3.5

3.5 

4.1

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6

3.6 

3.5 

3.5

3

K

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

' 3.5

3.5

3.5 

3.8

4.6

June.

4.1

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.6 

3.8

4.4 

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.5

3.5 

3.5 

3.6 

3.6

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.8

3.8 

3.8

July.

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5 

3.5

3.5 

3.5

3.5

3.6

3 PL

3.6

3.6

3.6 

3.5 

3.5 

3.5

3.6 

3.5 

3.5

3

K

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.5

4.5

3 7

3.5

Aug.

3.6

3.6

4.3

3.6

3.5 

3.7

5.7 

6.8

6.5

4.6

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6 

3.7 

4.2 

3.8

3.6 

4.1 

3.6

3.5 

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.5

Sept.

3.5

3.5

4.2

3.8 

3.6

3.6 

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5 

3.5 

3.6

3.5 

3.5 

3.5

3.5

3.5 

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4 

3.4

Oct.

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4 

3.4

3.4 

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.3 

3.3 

3.2 

3.2

3.2 

3.3 

3.3 

3.3

3.3

3.3 

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

Nov.

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3 

3.3

3.3 

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.3 

3.3 

3.3 

3.3

3.3 

3.3 

3.3 

3.3

3.4

3.4 

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

*! d.

Dec.

3.5

3 ^

3.5

3.5

4.3 

3.7

. 3.6 

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6

3.6 

3.6 

3.6

3.6

3.6 

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.8

3.9

3.6 

3.6

3.6

Eating table for South River near Lithonia, Ga., from August 17, 1903, to December 31,

1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

Discharge.

Second-feet,

55

77

100

130

168

214

266

322

384

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.10

4.20

4.30

.4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

454

530

606

684

764

848

936

1,025

1,120

' Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,220

1,320

1,420

1,520

1,620

1,720

1,820

1,930

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.80

5,90

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.,60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,050

2,190

2,340

2*660

3,020

3,400

3,800

4,200

The above table is based upon 13 discharge measurements made during 1903 and 

1904. It is well defined between gage heights 3.2 feet and 5 feet. The table has been 

extended beyond these limits.
HALL AND!

HOYT. J

ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BA6IN. 63

Estimated monthly discharge of South River near Lithonia, Ga., for 1903 and 1904.

Month.

1903.

August 17-31 ..................................... 454

September..........;............................. 764

October .....:....................'................ 168

November........................................ 848

December .-.--..---...........-....-.-..-.....--. 168

1904.

January..............................--....-..--- 848

February...................... ................ 848

March............................................ 530

April............................................. 214

May.............................................. 848

June ............................................. 684

July........-.-.....---....---------.--..--....--- 764

August ...................................... .... 3, 800

September........................................ 530

October .......................................... 100

November ......................................... 100

December ..--.-.-.--..-.........--........--..... 606

The year ................................... 3, 800

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean

100

100

130

130

130

130

130

130

168

130

130

130

130

100

55

77

130

55

169 

167 

131 -

178

135

198

318

213

179

189

206

168

502

155

74.4

84.7

186

206

OCMULGEE RIVER NEAR FLOTILLA, GA.

A station was established July 26, 1901, on Ocrnulgee River .at 

Lamar's ferry, one-half mile below Lamar's mill and 5 miles east of 

Flovilla, Ga. The object of this station was to compare the discharge 

of the river at this point with its discharge below at Macon through 

the low-water season.

The gage consisted of a £ by 5 inch by 10 foot poplar board, graduated to feet and tenths with brass figures, staples, and tacks. The 

rod was nailed to a 16-foot pine plank, which was spiked to an ash 

tree 25 feet below the ferry landing. The tree was graduated with 

nails 1 foot apart, extending the gage up to 20 feet above datum.

The gage and bench marks were washed away by a flood on February 27, 1902. The station was reestablished June 18, 1903, at Lamar's 

ferry, by M. R. Hall. The vertical timber gage is in three sections. 

The first section is a 1 by 4 inch board, reading from 0 to. 5 feet, 

nailed to a 2 by 6 inch scantling which is spiked to a willow tree at 

the mouth of a small branch about 20 feet above the ferry landing 

on the right bank. The second section, reading from 5 to 15 feet, is 

nailed to an ash tree about 60 feet from the river up the same branch.
STEEAM MEASUKEMENTS 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

The third section, reading from 15 to 25 feet, is attached to a cottonwood tree on bank of same branch about 200 feet from the river. 

No attempt was made to place this gage on the same datum of the old 

one. The observer is B. S. White, who reads the gage once each day. 

He is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey. Measurements are 

made from the ferryboat. The initial point for soundings is the 

windlass on the right bank. The channel is straight for 1,000 feet 

above and 5,000 feet below the station. The current is swift and 

regular; the right bank is high, but overflows at extreme high water. 

The left bank is somewhat lower. The bed of the stream is sandy 

and shifting, and there is but one channel.

Bench mark No 1 is a nail driven in a large cottonwood tree about 

200 feet from the river on the branch on which the gage is located. 

Its elevation is 14.00 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark 

No. 2 is a cross in the solid rock, 100 feet uphill from the first bench 

mark and 140 feet north from the wagon road, at a point 250 feet west 

of the ferry. Its elevation is 34.24 feet above the zero of the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. K. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Ocmulgee River near Flovilla, Ga., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903.

August 25......

September 29

October 13.....

November 12 ..

December 19...

1904.

January 13.. ...

January 21 .....

January 22.....

February 16 ...

April 15. ......

May 28........

June 17........

July 12........

August 26 ......

September 20 ..

October 6 ......

November 2 ....

December 21 ...

Hydrographer.

F. A. Murray..

.....do ........

J. M. C4iles....

M. R. Hall ....

J. M. Giles ....

W. E. Hall....

.....do........

.....do ........

F. A. Murray. .

W. E. Hall ....

.....do..'......

B. S. Drane....

.....do........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

B. S. Drane....

W. E. Hall ....

Width.

Feet.

206

207

208

210'

215

213

208

220

212

211

200

197

209

212

186

196

205

208

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

484

404

414

535

542

593

504

1,207

764

512

319

305

529

724

227

230

260

434

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

1.84

1.90

1.69

2.00

1.62

1.90

1.99

' 2.87

2.28

1.89

1.60

1.52

1.68

2.00

1.46

1.31

1.57

1.70

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.61

1.35

1.10

1.78

1.61

1.97

1.85

5.50

2.93

1.67

.50

.47

1.39

2.36

- .03

_ 21

.03

.93

Discharge.

Second-f

,893

771

701

1,07C

87?

1, 13C

1,002

3,45?

1,74£

97C

511

46c

891

1,45C

33i

301

40t

74C
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 65

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Ocmulgee River near Flovilla, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

1. ............

o

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

8. ............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

15.............

16.............

Aug.

2.7

2.7

9 0

3.2

1.5

1.0

4.2

7.4

10.5

11.0

7.6

5.0

4.0

3.9

2.0

4.1

Sept.

0.7

.7

.3

.4

3.7

2.3

1.4

1.0

.8

.5

.4

.3

.4

.3

.2

o

Oct.

-0.3

- .3

0

- .5

_ g

- .3

0

- .3

- .3

- .4

- .5

- .3

- .3

_ ^

.4

Nov.

-0.3

- .2

.7

.9

.7

.6

.4

.3

.1

.1

.1

.6

1.1

1.0

.8

Dec.

0.6

.6

.8

1.2

1.8

4.0

3.8

3.0

2.0

2.8

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.0

1.0

9

Day.

17...........

18...........

19

20...........

21...........

22...........

(>Q

24

25...........

26 ...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

01

Aug.

4.0

1.7

1.5

1.1

1 '

9

1.3

.9

2.4

1.5

1.4

9

Sept.

0.0

.0

.0"

- .1

- .1

_ j

.4

.0

- .2

- .3

- .3

_ <>

- .1

_ 0

Oct.

-0.6

- .6

- .4

_ 4

- .3

- .3

- .3

-- .4

- .6

- .6

_ <>

- .2

- .2

- .1

- .3

Nov.

0 6

.5

.4

.4

.2

.5

. .9

.5

.4

.8

.7

.4

.6

.5

Dec.

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.8

.7

1.0

3.5

3.5

3.0

1.9

Ratiny table for Ocmulgee River near Flovilla, Git., from January 1 to December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0. 50

- .40

- .30

- .20

- .10

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

225

250

275

300

325

350

375

400

430

460

490

525

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

560

595

630

670

710

750

790

835

880

925

970

1,020

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,070

1,120

1,225

1,335

1,450

1,570

1,690

1,820

1, 950

2,080

2,210

2,350

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,490

2,640

2,790

2,940

3,090

3,475

3,875

4,275

4, 675

5,085

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1903 and 

1904. It is well defined between gage heights 0 feet and 6 feet. The table has been 

extended beyond these limits. Above 7 feet gage height estimates have been made 

from logarithmic diagram.

IRR 127 05 5
66 STREAM MEASUREMENTS ITST 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Estimated monthly discharge of Ocmulgee River near Fiofilln, Ga., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 1,600 square miles.]

Month.

September ....................

December ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,100 

2,146 

325 

710 

2,350

Minimum.

630 

275 

200 

275 

525

Mean.

2,005 

507 

261 

493

987

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.34 

.338 

.174 

.329

.658

Depth in 

inches.

1.54

.377 

.201 

.367 

.759

OCMULGEE RIVEK AT MACON, GA.

Ocmulgee River rises in the north-central part of Georgia and flows 

in a southeasterly direction, joining the Oconee south of Mount Vernon to form Altamaha River. The drainage area has the same general 

features as that of the Oconee. A station was established at Macon, 

Ga., January 21, 1893, by the United States Weather Bureau. Discharge measurements were begun by the United States Geological 

Survey in 1895, and a wire gage was established on the bridge of the 

Macon, Dublin and Savannah Railroad, and was set on the same datum 

as the Weather Bureau gage. For a time gage-height records were 

maintained by the Geological Survey, as the Weather Bureau records 

were for a part of the year only and were discontinued altogether 

from June 30,1897, to June 1,1899. Since June 1,1899, the Weather 

Bureau gage-height records have been taken continuously, and have 

been furnished to the Geological Survey.

The gage is a heavy timber graduated to feet and tenths by copper 

nails and is bolted to the downstream portion of the right bank stone 

pier of the Central of Georgia Railroad bridge. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the Fifth Street Bridge, 

an iron bridge of two 190-foot spans, located about 500 feet above the 

railroad bridge to which the gage is attached. The initial point for 

soundings is the end of the iron hand rail of the footway at the right 

bank on the downstream side. The channel is straight and without 

obstructions, except one bridge pier. The banks are high and not 

subject to overflow. The bed of the river is soft and changeable. 

The station was a fairly good one until the spring of 1902, when the 

bed of the stream (which is of shifting sand) below the station changed 

to such an extent as to make the current very sluggish at low stages.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the iron rim of the sidewalk 80 feet 

from the initial point for soundings. Its elevation is 3-4.35 feet above
HALL AND"] 

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 67

the zero of the gage. It was determined by measuring down to the 

water surface. Bench mark No. 2 is the top of a cast-iron post at the 

end of the hand rail on the right bank, downstream side, of the Fifth 

Street Bridge. Its elevation is 37.37 feet above the zero of the gage. 

Bench mark No. 3 is the top of the downstream side of the capstone 

of the right bank abutment of the Central of Georgia Railroad bridge. 

Its elevation is 32.30 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark 

No. 4 is an aluminum tablet on the wall at the west side of the door 

of the United States Government building at the Mulberry street 

front. This bench mark is marked 334 feet and has an elevation of 

64.37 feet above the zero of the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Ocmulgee River at Macon, Ga., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

January 26 ....

April 2 ........

April 4 ........

April 21 .......

Julv 14........

July 14........

August 24......

September 30 . .

October 15.....

October 15.... .

December 21 ...

1904. 

February 17 ... 

April 11.......

May 24........

May 27. .......

July 20........

August 19...... 

September 20". 

October 6 &.....

November 1 & . .

Hydrographer.

M.R.Hall.....

J.M. Giles.....

.....do ........

E. C. Murphy . .

M.R.Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles .....

.....do ........

M. R. Hall .....

J. M. Giles .....

.....do ........

F. A. Murray . . 

W. E. Hall....

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall ....

W. E. Hall.... 

J. M. Giles .... 

.....do ........

B. S. Drane ....

Width.

Feet.

262 

271

218

223

252

255

148 

59

63

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

2,337

4,720

4,006

3, 652

4,368

4,368

2,115

1,765

1,765

541

1,683

1,891

1,877

1,923

2,280 

2,060

1 4^4

1,426

1,576

1,833 

279 

137

140

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

0.77

1.56

1.28

1.20

1.76

1.65

.65

.57

.60

1.71

.54

.65

.67

.69

.97 

.85

.49

.44

.64

.86 

1.54 

1.70

2.16

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.00

11.30

9.00

7.88

' 11.00

11.00

3.61

2.55

2.56

9 99

2.28

2.84

2.88

2.95

4.35 

3.52

1.38

1.29

1.87

3.31 

.30 

- .20

-. .14

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

1,794

7,244

5,118

4,385

7,676

7, 314

1,382

1 099

1,057

926

915

1,236

1,264

1,329

2,232 

1,759

703

625

1,011

1,584 

431 

232

302

« At shoals above bridge. 6 Boat at Second street.
68 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Ocmulgee River at Macon, Ga., for 1904-

Day.

1............

3............

4............

5............

6............

10............

11............

12............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............ 

21............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............ 

30............

31............

Jan.

2.5

2.5

1 7

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.7

q 1

o q

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.5

4.5

4.2

3.5

3.1

Ion

6 9

5.0

4 q

3.8

3.7 

3.6

3.5

Feb.

3.5

3.5

3.6

3

0

3

O

3

1

3

0

8.3

7 P*

6.5

In °.

9.7

7.9

6.1

PL O

4.8

4.5

4.2

3.8

4.1

5.8

7.0 

In ^

9

0

7.2

5 4

5

<>

4.7

4.3

Mar.

4.4

4.2

3.8

6.1

7 °.

7.1

PL 7

5.1

4.6

4.2

4.2

3 Q

3 7

3.7 

3.6

3.4 

3.6

3 9

4.0

3 7

3.6

3.8

4.3

3.2

3 f\

Apr.

q i

3

f\

** 9

2.8

3

n

3

0

PL 7

5.1

3 9

3 1

3.1

3

n

° 9

3.0

2.8

2.8

3.0

3

f\

2.9 

0 9

0 9

9 9

2/8

2.8

3.0 

2.9

May.

2.8

2.7

2.6

2

K

3

0

3 7

3 0

2.8

2.7

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3 

1.3"

1.8

June.

3 9

3.4

3 q

1 9

1.7

1 K

2.0

4.3

3 q

1 K

1 3

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

1.1

.9

4.3 

3.4

.8

.8

1.3 

3.0

July.

1 9

1.9

1.2

9

1.7

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1 9

1.7

1.7

1.0

1.1

1.4

1.9 

1.3

1.3 

1.1

1.4

2 *>

1.2

1.1

.8 

1.7

4.6

Aug.

3

K

2.9

^ Q

3 4

11.1

15.4

13 0

9.7

3 7

6.7

F, J

4 9

3.5

2.5

1.8

7.0

5.3

6.3

4.8

3.3 

2.9

Sept.

1.7

1.4

4.7

3 n

2.0

1.6

1 P.

1.4

1 o

1 3

1.1

1.0

.9

.7

1.7

.9

.6

.1

Oct.

0.0

q

- .2

.1

.1

_ 9

__ q

- .1

_ g

- .3 

_ o

.4

f>

.3

.0 

.1

__ -^

Nov.

o

.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

9

9

.8

q

1 q

1.8

i ^

1.0

g

1.0 

.9

.9

2.1

1.8

1.3

1.2

1.0 

1.0

Dec.

1.1

2 4

1.8

5.1

3

0

2 5

'"* 3

2.0

1 9

1 9

1 9

1.8

1.8

1.5 

1.4

1.4

1.7

6.4

5.5 

4.7

3.3

"See footnote to estimated monthly discharge. 

Rating table for Ocmulgee River at Macon, Ga., from January 1 to December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.30

- .20

- .10

.00

'10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

250

270

290

310

330

350

375

400

425

450

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

480

510

540

570

600

630

665

700

735

 770

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

810

850

895

940

1,030

1,130

1,230

1, 330

1,440

1, 550

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,660

1,770

1,890

2,010

2,130

2,250

2,370

2,490

2,610
HALL ANDT 

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 69

The foregoing table is based upon 9 discharge measurements made during 1904. It 

is well defined between_gage heights 0.3 foot and 5 feet. For gage heights above 5 

feet the discharge has been estimated from 1903 measurements.

Estimated monthly discharge of OemtiJgee River at Macon, Ga.,for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 2,425 square miles.]

Month.

March ........................

April .........................

May. .........................

June ..--..,-_....-----.----.-

July........... ..............

October ^

November. ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,480 

6,540 

4,100 

3,050 

1,830 

2,490 

2,370 

12,600 

2, 430 

400 

985 

3, 505

12, 600

Minimum.

985 

1,495 

1,440 

1,330 

665 

510 

480 

'810 

330 

250 

290 

570

250

Mean.

2,064 

3,149 

2,214 

1,535

' 1,120 

1,029 

772 

2,967 

671 

300 

602 

1,295

1,476

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.851 

1.30 

.913 

.633 

.462 

.424 

.318 

1.22 

.277 

.124 

.248 

.534

.609

Depth in 

inches.

0.981 

1.40 

1.05 

.706 

.533 

.473 

.367 

1.41 

.309 

.143 

.277 

.616

8.26

a Gage heights from October 3 to 5 are considered too low to represent the true mean. The minimum discharge for the month has been assumed to apply for those days.

ALCOVY RIVER NEAR COVINGTON, GA.

This station was established on April 30, 1901. It is located about 

3 miles east of Covington, at a low wooden bridge which is often nndei 

water. The gage is a vertical rod 10 feet long, graduated to feet and 

tenths, marked by V-shaped grooves cut into the face of rod and brass 

figures. It is spiked to a birch tree on the left bank of the river 2 

feet from the upstream side of the bridge. The observer is Stephen 

Belcher, a farmer living near, who is paid by the Georgia Geological 

Survey. Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side 

of a low, two-span, wooden bridge about 100 feet long. The initial 

point for soundings is the end of the bridge floor on the left bank, 

upstream side. The banks are low and liable to overflow. The ground 

on the right bank is low and swampy for several hundred yards and is 

flooded by a moderate rise. The bed of the stream is sandy and shifting, and the water is .sluggish at low stages.

Bench mark No. 1 is a notch and nail in a maple tree on the right 

bank, about 15 feet from the upper side of the bridge. Its elevation 

is 5.91 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is a copper
70 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

plug set in the solid rock on the north edge of the side ditch on the 

upstream side of the road, 100 feet from the end of the bridge, on the 

left bank of the river. Its elevation is 7.82 feet above the zero of 

the gage. This station was discontinued on December 31, 190-L

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Alcovy River near Covington, Ga., in 1903 and 1904-

Date.

1903. 

March 11 ......

May 28........

July 24........

August 27......

Octobers......

November 14 ..

1904. 

February 20 ... 

April 13 .......

June 16. .......

July 12........

September 22 . . 

September 22 «.

September 22 &_

December 6....

December 6... .

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall ....

.....do.........

.....do.........

.....do.........

... .do.........

F. A. Murray . .

.....do.........

W. E. Hall .... 

M. R. Hall ....

.....do.........

VV. E. Hall ....

M. R,. Hall .... 

.'....do.........

.....do.........

.....do.........

.....do.........

Width.

Feet.

71 

60

59

57

60 

24

30

67

67

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

518

465

352

334

306

334

344

470 

320

230

254

207 

26

33

392

396

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.11

.83

.49

.38

.39

.47

.45

.88 

.63

.29

.37

.26 

1.61

1.27

.84

.90

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.41

3.48

1.92

1.60

1.50

1.90

1.85

3.67 

2.11

.63

1.00

.45 

.45

.45

3.35

3.38

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

575

385

174

127

120

157

155

415 

202

68

94

53 

42

42

328

358

a 200 feet below bridge. 6300 feet above bridge.
HALL AND"] 

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 71 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Alcovy River near Covingtou, Ga., for 1904-

Bay.

I..............

>)

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9...... ........

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

og

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2. 00

2.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.30

2.20

2.10

2.20

2.20

2.30

2.50

2.40

2.60

2.30

2.10

2.50

2.70

2.60

2.40

3.40

3.50

4.50

4.10

3.50

3.00

2.90

2.70

2.60

2. .50

2. 90

Feb.

2. 60

 > =,0

2.40

2.30

O OQ

2.20

2.70

2.83

3.50

5.00

4.50

4.10

3.80

3.60

3.20

3.00

3.40

3.70

4 20

4.70

5.00

4.70

4.40

3.90

3.40

3.20

3.00

Mar.

2.90

2.90

3.00

9 go

2.60

4.50

4.90

4.60

3.30

3.00

3.20

2. SO

2.50

2.50

2.90

3.10

2.90

2. SO

2.80

2.70

2. 50

2.30

2.30

Apr.

2.40

2. 50

2.40

2.00

3.00

3.70

2.90

2.50

2.30

2.00

2. 00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.10

2.10

2.00

2.10

2.00

2.20

2.20

2.20

2. 00

1.90

May.

2.10

1 QA

i.so

1.70

1.70

1.70

2.50

2.20

2.60

2.90

2.00

1 90

1.40

1.40

1 50

1 30

1 30

1.30

1.20

1.20

1.10-

1.10

1.10

1.00

2.00

June.

2.90

2.30

1.50

1 30

1.50

1.40

1.50

1.50

1.50

1 on

1.20

1.10

1.00

90

60

60

.70

60

.50

.50

.50

.45

.40

.75

1.30

July.

1.25

.SO

.60

.60

..50

.40

.75

1.75

1.70

1.60

1.00

1.20

.90

.70

.50

60

.90

.50

.70

.80

.70

.60

.50

.50

.70

Aug.

o.so

1.20

3.65

1.85

1.45

1.30

o 80

3.10

4.40

4. SO

5

f7f|

5.90

4.75

3.30

3

1 A

4 90

4.75

2.00

1.40

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.15

1.70

1.40

1.25

1.10

Sept.

1.15

.80

1.30

1.70

1.00

1.10

1.00

1 00

.75

.80

.75

7P»

60

.50

.45

.40

.30

.30

.50

.45

.40

.35

.30

.30

Oct.

6.25

.45

.30

.20

.20

.20

9£

.30

.35

.30

.30

.30

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.90

.85

.75

.65

.65

.65

.65

Nov.

0.55

.80

1.30

1.55

.95

.95

.90

.85

.85

1.45

1 30

1.35

1.20

1.10

1.05

1.10

1.15

1.10

1.60

1.80

2.15

2.00

1.50

1.30

1.20

1.20

Dee.

1.10

1.40

1.50

1.70

2.50

3.40

3.45

3.40

2.40

2.30

9 OQ

2.25

2.00

1.95

1.70

1.70

I.SO

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.75

1.85

I.SO

2.10

2.60

2.90

2.75

Rating table for Alconj River near Coi'ington, Ga., from January 1 to December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

Discharge.

Hecond-feet.

38

45

52

59

66

73

80

87

95

103

111

119

127

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10 

2.20

2.30

2. 40

2. 50

2.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

135

144

153

162

171

180

190

. 201

212

223

234

246

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3. 70

3.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

259

272

286

300

315

331

347

364

382

401

420

440

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

Discharge.

Second-feet .

460

480

522

564

. 606

648

690

734

778

822

866

910
72 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO 127.

The foregoing table is based upon nine discharge measurements made during 1904. 

It is well defined between gage heights 0.0 and 4 feet. Above 4 feet the curve is determined by two measurements made in 1902 and 1903.

Estimated monthly discharge of Alcovy Rirer near Covington, Ga., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 228 square miles.]

Month.

January ......................

March ........................

May .........................

June .........................

July .........................

September ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

585 

800 

669 

420 

286 

286 

157 

888 

234 

87 

195 

373

888

Minimum.

180 

201 

212 

171 

95 

52 

52 

80 

45 

38 

63 

103

38

Mean.

264 

406 

331 

209

147 

105 

84.2 

290 

80.8 

50.6 

115 

193

190

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.16 

 1.78 

1.45 

.917 

.645 

.460 

.369 

1.27 

.354 

.222 

.504 

.846

.831

Depth in 

inches.

1.34 

1.92 

1.67 

1.02 

.744 

.513 

.425 

1.46 

. 395 

. 256 

. 562 

. 975

11.28

APALACHEE RIVER NEAR BUCKHEAD, GA.

This station was established February 13, 1901, by M. R. Hall. It 

is located at the iron wagon bridge over Apalachee River about 3£ 

miles north of the town of Buckhead, Ga. The bridge is a single 

span 103 feet long, supported by tubular piers. Its trestle approaches 

are about 500 feet long on the right bank and about 100 feet on the 

left. At ordinary stages the channel is about 80 feet wide, and it is 

only slightly curved above and below the bridge. The bed of the 

river is part rock and part sand. The current is moderately swift 

and is somewhat broken and irregular on account of ruins of old pier 

bases about 50 feet upstream. The right bank is low for a distance of 

JrOO feet and will overflow at a gage height of 10 feet. The low portion is thickly covered with trees and a brushy growth, which will 

greatly retard the flood water passing over it. The left bank is high 

and will not overflow, except to a short distance up the steep slope. 

Measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge, and 

the initial point is the outside edge of the iron pier, left bank, downstream. The original gage was graduated to feet and tenths with 

brass figures and staples, and consisted of two parts. The first section, extending from zero to 10 feet,_was fastened to a small ash tree
HALL AND!

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 73

on the left bank about 100 feet below the bridge. The second section, 

extending from 6 to 20 feet, was nailed to the upstream post of the 

last wooden bent next to the iron bridge, on the right bank.

On March 22, 1905, a standard chain gage was attached to the 

upstream side of the bridge, in the third panel from the right bank. 

The length of the chain from the end of the weight to the marker is 

30. TO feet.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the iron pier from the right bank, 

downstream side. Its elevation is 25.00 feet above the zero of the gage. 

Bench mark No. 2 is the top of the downstream end of the first floor 

beam from the right bank. Its elevation is 25.50 feet above the zero 

of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is a copper plug set in solid rock 10 

feet west of the upstream tubular pier on right bank and 3 feet 

upstream from the line of the upper edge of the bridge. Its elevation 

is 3.73 feet above the zero of the gage.

The observer is G. A. J. Adams, a farmer Jiving about one-third of 

a mile from the bridge. Readings are made once a day, except for 

three months during low water, when they were made twice a day. 

The observer is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey.

The observations at this station' during 1904: have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Apalachee River near Buckhead, Ga.

Date.

1903.

May 27 ........

June 12 .......

July 25 ........

1904. 

March 19... ...

May 12........

July 13........

August 9 ......

September 21 . .

October 13..... 

October 13.....

November 26 . .

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall.....

.....do ........

W. E. Hall....

M. R. Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

W. E. Hall.... 

.....do ......

M. R. Hall..... 

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

85

73

75

95

95

73

70 

70

77 

77

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

290

222

327

204

198

211

231

279

260

244

771

785

180

166 

166

OQO j^O«J

227

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.53

1.63

1.97

1.30

1.08

1.12

1.10

. 1.67

1.20

.91

2.43

2.42

.70

.55

.57

.80 

.74

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2. 33

1.88

3.07

1.51

1.31

1.45

1.60

2.39

1.83

1.48

7.15

7.30

.90

.80 

.80

1.39 

1.34

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

444

361

643

266

214

237

255

466

311

223

1,877

1,903

128

91 

94

186 

167
74 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. LNO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height, infect, of Apalachee River near Buckhead, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

1..............

2......... ....

3..............

5.............. 6...........r..

7.. ............

8....-..--.....

9

10.............. 

11 ..............

12.............. 

13........ ...... 

14..............

15..............

16.............. 

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

22. .............

24..............

25.............. 

26.............. 

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Jan.

1.80

1.80

1.90 

1.80

1.70 

1.70

1.60

1.60

1 50

1.80 

1.90

1.90 

2.00 

2.00

2.00

2.00 

2.20

2.10

2.10

2.00

2.10

2.20

6.50

2.70 

2.50 

2.40

2.40

2.30 

2.00

O J\A

Feb.

1.90

1.80

1.80 

1.90

2.00 

2.10

2.10

3.10

4.50 

7.00

6.50 

5.50 

3.10

3.00

2.80 

2.40

2.20

2.50

3.30

5.00

3.50 

3.00 

2. SO

2. CO

2.50

Mar.

2.40

2.50

2.50 

2.40

2.30 

 2.40

3.(iO

5.70

3.40 

3.00

2.80 

2.50 

2.30

3.50

3.30 

2.80

2.60

2.40

2.30

2.90 

2.70 

3.00

2.70

2.50 

2.40

2.30

Apr.

2.20

2.40

2.20 

2.10

2.00 

2.00

2 20

2. SO

4.00

2.90 

2.40

2. CO 

2.30 

2.20

2.10

2.00 

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2. 20

2.10

2.00

1.90 

2.10

0 00

2.30

2.20 

2.10

May.

1.90

1.50

1.80 

1.90

1.60 

1.70

1.80

1.90

0 00

2. 50 

2.10

2.00 

1.80 

1.70

1.90

1.80 

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.70

1 60

1.40

1.40 

1.40 

1.30

1.30

1.30 

1.20

1 80

June.

2.30

2.10

1.50 

1.30

1.50 

1.40

1.30

2.90

2.40

1.90 

1.60

1.60 

1.50 

1.50

1.40

1.40 

1.30

1.30

1.00

.70

1.50

1.30 

1.30 

1.20

1.20

1.60 

2.50

July.

2.00

1.80

1.30 

1.40

1.30 

1.20

1.10

1.00

3.00

1.90 

1.80

1.70 

1.60 

1.50

1.40

1.20 

1.00

.80

1.00

1.20

1.60

2.00

1.20 

1.60 

1.50

1.50

1.60 

1.60

1.50

Aug.

1.70

1.90

2.10 

3.00

2.70 

2.40

3.00

4.50

5.70

9.90 

6.70

6.40 

2.50 

2. GO

2.XO

3.50 

4.50

2.60

2.80

2.00

1.70

1.50

2.00

2.10

2.30 

2.00 

1.70

2.00

1.70 

1.60

Sept.

1.50

1.50

1.40 

1.60

2.80 

2.30

1.90

1.70

1.60

1.40 

1.30

1.30 

1.40 

1.40

1.30

1.20 

1.00

.85

a.65

.80

.80

.80

.75

.75

.75 

«.55 

.60

1.05

.90 

.75

Oct.

0.65

.65

a. 50 

.65

.65 

.65

.75

.80

.65

a . 45 

.65

.65 

.60 

.60

.65

.65 

a.45

.55

.65

.65

.65

.65

.60

o.40

.70 

.85 

1.40

1.05

.90 

.95

Nov.

0. 95

1.25

1.20 

1.90

1.85 

1.50

a 1.00

1.45

1.40

1.25 

1.35

1.3f> 

1.90 

1.80

1.85

1.75 

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.45

a 1.00

1.45

1.75

1.65

1.70 

1. 50 

1.45

al 25

1.50 

1.45

Dec.

1.40

1.50

1.90 

1.65

2.25 

2.75

3.55

2.65

2.15

1.90 

1.80

1.80 

1.75 

1.70

1.70

l.SO 

1.80

2.00

1.80

1.90

1.80

1.70

1.70

i. r.o

1.50 

1.60 

1.60

3.00

3.20 

2.50

2.20

a During low water in September, October, and November the Monday gage heights are lower than 

natural flow on account of storing water during Sunday at High Shoals Factory 25 miles above this 

station.

Rating table for Apalachee River near Buckhead, Go., from January 1 to December 31,

1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

43

55

69

84

100

117

135

154

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

174

195

216

238

261

284

308

333

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

358

409

461

514

568

622

678

734

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

Discharge.

Second-fact.

791

849

907

965

1, 025

1,085

1,145

1, 205

The above table is based upon 26 discharge measurements made during 1901-1904. 

It is well defined between gage heights 0.8 foot and 3 feet and fairly well from gage
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA RIVEK DRATNAGE BASIN. 75

heights 3 to 8 feet. Above gage height 4.2 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 30 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Apalachee River near Bitckhead, Ga., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 440 square miles.]

Month.

January ......................

April .........................

May .........................

July .........................

August .......................

November ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,655 

1, 805 

1,415 

907 

487 

595 

622 

2, 675 

568 

216 

333 

776

2,675

Minimum.

238 

308 

409 

333 

174 

84 

100 

238 

«62 

«43 

«126 

216

43

Mean.

438 

751 

596 

425 

286 

264 

239 

647 

187 

84.1 

240 

363

377

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.995 

1.71 

1.35 

.966 

.650 

.600 

.543 

1.47 

.425 

.191 

.545 

.825

.856

Depth in 

inches.

1.15 

1.84 

1.56 

1.08 

.749 

.669 

.626 

1.70 

.474 

.220 

.608 

.951

11.00

«See note under gage heights. 

OCONEE BIVEK NEAR GREENSBORO, GA.

This station was established July 25, 1903, by M. R. Hall. It is 

located at the new wagon bridge, about 5 miles west of Greensboro, 

on the road to Madison, Ga. The bridge is of two spans. The first 

one from the right bank is 80 feet long, and is not over the water 

except at time of floods. The main span over river is 1J4 feet long. 

There is also 52 feet of iron trestle and about 40 feet of wooden trestle 

on the right bank, and 253 feet of iron trestle and about 325 feet of 

wooden trestle on the left bank. Ordinarily the river is about 120 

feet wide. The bed is sandy and shifting. The channel is nearly 

straight, and the current is regular and sluggish at low stages. The 

right bank is high and rocky, with the exception of a low bench under 

the bridge and approach. The left bank is low and will overflow at 

a gage height of 12 to 15 feet to the end of the approach, a distance 

of about 600 feet, and extreme high water may pass beyond the end 

of the approach.

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of 

the bridge. The initial point is the end of the iron trestle on the 

right bank, downstream.
76 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

The boxed chain gage is bolted to the lower chord of the downstream side of the bridge 163 to 165 feet from the initial point for 

soundings. The length of the chain from the end of the weight to 

the marker is 38.T3 feet. The gage is read once each day by M. A. 

Stevens, who is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the downstream end of the second 

floor beam from the right-bank pier. Its elevation is 36.00 feet above 

gage datum. Bench mark No. 2 is a copper plug set in the rock under 

the upstream side of the bridge opposite a point "84 feet from the 

initial point for soundings. Its elevation is 13.55 feet above gage 

datum. Bench mark No. 3 is on a hickory tree 26 feet downstream 

from the end of the wooden trestle on the right bank. Its elevation 

is 33.15 feet above gage datum. Bench mark No. -4 is the concrete 

foundation under the iron post below the initial point for soundings. 

Its elevation is 27.58 feet above gage datum.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Oconee River near Greensboro, Qa., in 1903 and 1904-

Date.

1903. 

June 12........

July 25........

August 28......

October 9......

1904. 

February 19 ... 

March 19 ......

May 12 ........

July 13 ........

August 9..... .. 

August 9..... ..

September 21 . .

October 13..... 

October 13.....

November 26 . . 

November 26 . .

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

...!.do ........

W. E.Hall.....

W. E. Hall..... 

M. R.Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

W. E.Hall.....

M. R. Hall..... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

W. E.Hall.....

.....do ........

M. R.Hall..... 

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

117 

117

113

115

115

131 

133

94

94

93 

93

103 

103

Area of 

section.

Syuarefeet. 

808

439

439

424

389

525 

544

404

368

326

1,409 

1,504

295

291

285 

285

320 

308

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.88

1.67

1.51

1.63

1.86

2.03 

1.86

1.86

1.68

1.40

3.56 

3.61

1.01

1.03

1.06 

1.02

1.63 

1.60

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.00

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.66

2.75 

2.75

1.90

1.57

.99

9.82 

10.49

.45

.45

.51

.50

1.35 

1.28

Discharge.

Second-Jeff. 

1 7 521

733

665

690

725

1,066 

1,023

753

617

455

5,017

297

301

302 

291

523 

' 494
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. . 77 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga., for 1904-

Day.

1..............

0

3.............. 

4..............

6..............

7...............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

13

14.............. 

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

21..............

23.............. 

24..............

23..............

26..............

27...;..........

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Jan.

1.8 

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.0 

2.0

1.9

2.5

2.0

2.0 

1.8

2.2

2.0

2.2 

4.7

4.8

3 fl

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3 

2.1

Feb.

2.0

O 9

2.3 

2 4

2.5

2.5

5.1

5.5

4.0

8.5

6.2

4.2

3.9

a. 3

Q O

2.8

2.7

3.0 

4.7

4 9

6.7

5.2 

4.8

4.5

4.0

3.4

3 4

3 0

Mar.

3.1

2.8

3.0 

3.4

3.4

3.4

6.0

7.9

7.6

4.3

3.8

 * fi

 * d

3.1 

4.8

3.5

3

0

2.8

2.7 

2.5

2.7

3

>J

4.3

<? 7

3.4

3

0

3.6

3.1

2.8

2.7 

2.6

Apr.

2.6 

2.6

2.4 

2.3

2

0

2.7

2.8

3

U

3 f|

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.1

2 2

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.3 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.4 

f> Q

2.0

2.0

3.5

Q n

2.8

2.6

May.

1.8 

1.8

1.7 

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.8 

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.5

1 R

1.2

1.2

1.1 

1.1

1.0

1.0

g

1.0

1.2 

2.8

June.

3.1 

2.6

2.0 

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.8

1 °*

1.2

1.1

2.3

1 °.

1.2 

1.1

g

g

1.0

.9

.7

1 2

2.1

1.5 

1.4

1.0

1.0

g

.7

1.0

2.7

July.

2.5 

1.7

1.5 

1.0

g

.8

.8

1.1

1.0

1.7

1.5

1.1

.9

.7

.7

.7

.7 

.7

1.7

1.2 

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.8 

3.7

Aug.

2.6

2.4 

2.0

1.4

^ i

0 O

^ 7

9 3

11 9

10.0

5

0

3

0

2.8

3

n

2.7

2.1

1.7 

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1 °*

1.8

1.8

T.8

1.6 

1.6

Sept.

1.5 

1.5

1.7 

2.0

3.8

2.8

1.9

1.8

1.2

1.0

1.0

g

g

.9

.8

.7

.7

.6

.6 

.6

.5

.5

.5 

.5

.4

.4

.5

.6

.5

.4

Oct.

0.4 

.3

.3 

.4

.6

.5

,4

.4

.3

.2

.6

.5

.5

.2

.1

o

.2

.4

.4

.5

.5

.6 

.1

.1

.1

.8

.6

.5 

.4

Nov.

0.7 

.8

.8 

1.2

1.3

1.0

.9

.9

.7

.6

1.6

1.4 

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1 

1.0

.8

.8

1.0 

1.5

1.8

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.3

Dec.

1.4 

1.4

1.8 

1.7

4.4

4.7

2.8

2.2

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.7 

1.7

1.5

1.8

1.8

1.7 

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.4

3.3

3.8

2.8 

2.2

NOTE. The low water gage heights are liable to more or less error owing to the storing of water at 

developed powers above this station.

Rating table for Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga., from July 26, 1903, to December SI,

1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

215

235

255

280

305

330

360

390

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.90

1.00

1.10

' 1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

420

450

480

510

540

570

605

640

height.

Feet.

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

675

710

745

780

852

924

996

1,068

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,140

1,220

1,300

1,384

1,472

1,560

It is based upon 18 discharge measurements made during 1903-4. It is well 

denned between gage heights 0.4 foot" and 4 feet. Above 4 feet gage height, esti-
78 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

mates of daily discharge are based upon the extension of the rating curve, through 

two measurements at about 10 feet gage height.

Estimated monthly discharge of Oconee River near Greensboro, Ga.,for 1903 and 1904.

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean

1903.

July (26-31)................._..._....,........-.. 924

August........................................... 7,450

September........................................ 5, 244

October .......................................... 710

November........................................ 1,428

December ........................................ 924

1904.

January .........._....._......._..,._._.._........ 1,924

February......................................... 4,070

March............................................ 3,676

April............................................. 1,472

May ............................................. 1, 780

June............................................. 1,180

July ............................................. 1,428

August........................................... 6,522

September........................................ 1, 472

October .......................................... 390

November........................................ 710

December ........................................ 1, 876

The year ................................... 6,522

640

605

420

510

640

605

640

780

960

780

420

360

360

540

280

215

330

510

716

1,481

1,051

610

790

718

868

1,576

1,464

941

656

578

508

1,348

481

278

468

812

215 832

OCONEE KIVER AT MILLEDGEVILLE, GA.

This station was established August 22, 1903, by M. R. Hall, 

although several discharge measurements were made before that time. 

The first one was made by C. C. Babb on October 19, 1895.. The 

bench mark to which the present gage is referred was used to get the 

water height at the time of each of these measurements.

The station is located at the iron highway bridge in the eastern part 

of Milledgeville, which consists of four spans, 100 feet, 150 feet, 150 

feet, and 80 feet long, beginning at the right bank end, and short 

wooden trestles about 25 feet long at each end.

At low water the river is about 300 feet wide, including two piers, 

and often a sand bar of considerable extent in the third span. This 

bar sometimes practically stops the third-span channel, leaving the 

river about 200 feet wide. The bed is sandy and shifting, and the
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 79

water is shallow and swift. These conditions are unfavorable to 

accurate measurements as well as a constant rating. The channel is 

only slightly curved. Both banks are high and will not overflow. 

Measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge, and 

the initial point is the end of the iron bridge at the right bank, downstream. The gage is read once daily by J. A. Brooks, who was paid 

by the Georgia Geological Survey until June 30, but has since that 

time been paid by the United States Weather Bureau.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the third floor beam from the pier 

on the east bank, downstream end. It is 39.00 feet above gage datum.

The gage established during August, 1904, is a boxed chain gage of 

the 24-inch box type, fastened to a horizontal timber, which is bolted 

at each end to the intermediate posts on the upstream side of the third 

panel of the third span from right bank. The bottom of the gage box 

is 43.80 feet above datum, and the length of chain is 45.80 feet. The 

observations at this station during 1904 have been made under the 

direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Ocoiiee River at Milledgeville, Ga., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

August 22......

September 11..

September 12 ..

October 16. ....

December 18...

1904. 

February 17.... 

February 18....

May 25 ........

May 26........

June 28........

June 28........

August 18......

September 19 . . 

October 11..... 

October 11.....

October 12.....

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall ....

.....do ........

.....do ........

F. A. Murray . .

.....do ........

.....do ........

W. E. Hall.... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall ....

W. E. Hall....

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall.... 

W. E. Hall.... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

299

282

270

264

9QQ

292

302 

299

226

251

00 O

211

211

299

262 

197

100

209

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

1.022

604

570

607

821

738

1, 237 

1,135

484

501

660

453

469

1, 135

427 

304 

305

341

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

2.24

1.89

1.83

" 1.87

2.31

2.33

2.31 

2.16

1.71

1.71

1.84

1.55

1.53

1.99

1.44 

1.10 

1.18

1.20

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.95

2.39

2 27

2.39

3.05

2.74

3.99 

3.71

1.47

1.47

2.04

1.12

1.14

3.40

.95 

.37 

.41

.49

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

2,301

1,141

1,042

1,140

1,908

1,720

2,852 

2,449

827

857

1,213

703

723

2,256

628 

335 

361

410
80 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean dally gage height, in feet, of Oconee River at Milledgenlle, Oa., for 1904-

Day.

1. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.............. 

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.............. 

11..............

12..............

13. ............. 

14.............. 

15..............

16..............

17.............. 

18.............. 

19.............. 

20..............

21..............

22..............

23............ .

25..............

26..............

27.............. 

28.............. 

29.............. 

30..............

31 ..............

Jan.

2.90 

2.85

2.80

2.80

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.95 

2. 95

2.90

3.00 

3.10 

3.10

3 00

3.00 

4.20 

3.50

3 -in

3 °0

11. 50

8 95

5.70

4 50

3.80 

3.60 

3.60 

3.60

3.40

Feb.

3.40 

3.40

3.20

3.10

3.10

5 °0

5.40 

9 50

9.00

6.70 

5.10 

4.60

4.40

4.00 

3. SO 

3.60

3 fill

3 711

6 90

9 40

6

QA

4.40 

4.10 

4.10

Mar.

3.90 

3.90

3.80

3

Q|1

3.40

6.10 

4.70

4.20

3.90 

3.70

4 70

4.00 

3.50 

3.50 

3.40

3

0(1

q on

3 90

6.10

6 °0

4.10 

4.30 

3.80 

3.40

3.30

Apr.

3.20 

3.50

3.20

3 in

2.90

3.00

3.40

3.70

4.40 

3.60

3.10

3.00 

2.90 

2.75

2.70

2.70 

2.70 

2.75 

2.70

2.70

2. 65

2.70

2.75

2.75 

2.85 

2.75 

2.60

May

2.50 

2.40

2.35

2 30

2.10 

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.30 

3.50

2.30

2.20 

2.10 

2.10

2.10

2.10 

2.00 

1.95 

1.80

1.75

1.75

1.60

1.45

1.25 

1.45 

1.45 

1.60

2.55

June

3.55 

3.65

2.65-

2.20

1.80

1.55 

1.65

2.25

2.20 

1.70

1.60

2.10 

1.70 

1 50

1.45

1.45 

1.20 

1.20 

1.10

1 00

9 00

1.65

1.40

1.40 

1.10 

2.00 

1.80

July

2.40 

2.35

2.10

1.80

1.60

1.50 

1.40

1.20

1.20

1.70

4.20

2.10 

1.80 

1.40

1 30

1.10 

1.20 

1.00

on

1.80

 > 40

1.80 

1.40 

1.40 

1.40

2.40

Aug.

4.60 

2.90

2.80

3.60

2.80

2.40 

4.60

all. 60

7.20

9.20 

11.60

7.10

5.20 

3.40 

2. SO

7 30

5. 50 

4.10 

3.30

2.10

1.80

1.60

2.10

1 90

2.10 

2.60 

2.10 

2.00

1.80

Sept.

1.80 

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.30

2.70 

2.50

2.20

1.80

1.60 

1.30

1.30

1.30 

1.10 

1.20

1.00

1.20 

.90 

1.00 

.90

1.00

1.00

.70

.80

.60

60

.60 

.50 

..50 

.40

Oct.

0.60 

.50

.50

.90

.60

.50 

.,50

.50

.40

.80 

.40

.50

.50 

.50 

.30

.20

.70 

.20 

.20 

.30

.30

.40

.40

.40

.30

.30

.30 

.60 

.80 

.70

.70

Nov.

0.60 

.60

.70

1.10

1.70

1.80 

1.50

1.50

1.40

1.30 

1.10

1.30

1.50 

1.80 

2.00

1.80

1.60 

1.40 

1.30 

1.20

1.10

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.70

1.90

1.60 

1.30 

1.20 

1.40

Dee.

1.30 

1.40

2.20

2.00

2.10

3.20 

4.80

4.10

2.90

2.40 

2.20

2.10

2.20 

2.00 

2.00

2.40

2. .50 

2.30 

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.80

1.80 

5.40 

4.80 

3.90

3.00

a This height is doubtful.

NOTE. Owing to the irregular running of the mill above this station during the low-water period, 

the true mean gage height was not always obtained, although two readings were made each day, 

From this cause the gage heights below 0.5 foot are probably too low and in some cases gage heights 

above 0.5 foot may be artificially high.

Rating table for Oconee River at Mittedgeville, Ga., from August 25, 1903, to December 31,

1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

290

330

370

410

450

495

540

585

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

630

680

730

786

840

895

950

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,010

1,070

1,130

1,190

1,320

1,460

1,610

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,760

1,920

2,090

2,265

2,450

2,640

2,840
HALL AND"] 

HOYT. J ALTAMAH& EIVEE DKAINAGE BASIN. 81

The foregoing table is based upon twelve discharge measurements made during 

1904. It is well defined between gage heights 0.2 foot and 4 feet. Above 4-feet gage 

height, daily discharge estimates are based on a tangent, the difference being 105 per 

tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Oconee River at Milledgeville, Ga., for 1903 and 1904.

Month.

1903. 

August 25-31 ............................... .....

September ................................... ....

October ..........................................

November ........................................

December ....;...................................

1904.

May .............................................

June .............................................

July .............................................

October ............................ .............

November .......................................

The year ...................................

Discharge In second- feet.

Maximum.

2,090 

16,800 

4,625

2,740 

2,740

10, 720 

8,615 

6,410 

3, 260 

2, 355 

2,498 

3,050 

10, 820 

1,685 

585 

1,190 

4,310

10, 820

Minimum.

1,573 

1,255 

1,320 

1,573

1,648

1,723 

2,005 

2,175 

1,535 

758 

630 

450 

950 

370 

«290 

450 

785

290

Mean.

1,823 

2,998 

1,702 

1,872 

1,911

2,643 

3,903 

3,152 

1,926 

1,229 

1,138 

1,019 

3,138 

755 

403 

840 

1,638

1,815

a gee note under gage heights. 

OCONEE KIVER AT DUBLIN, GA.

*

Oconee River rises in the northern part of Georgia, near Gainesville, 

on the southern slope of the Chattahoochee Ridge, which separates 

the headwaters of this stream from the tributaries of Chattahoochee 

River. It flows in a southeasterly direction and joins the Ocmulgee 

at the southern border of Montgomery County to form the Altamaha. 

The drainage area is for the most part hilly and is made up of cultivated ground broken by extensive tracts of forest.

A station was established by the United States Weather Bureau in 

1894 at Dublin, Ga., about 60 miles above the junction of the Oconee 

with the Ocmulgee. Records were kept, with the exception of the 

summer months of 1896, until April 30, 1897, when the station was 

discontinued. In 1898 discharge measurements were commenced by 

IKK 127 05 6
82 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

the United States Geological Survey, and on February 11 an observer 

was employed to read the gage. On October 15, 1898, the Weather 

Bureau again adopted the station and has maintained the gage and 

furnished gage heights to the Geological Survey continuously since 

that time. The present observer is R. F. Mathis, who reads the gage 

once daily.

The gage is a heavy timber bolted to the downstream side of the 

center pier of the Wrightsville and Tennille Railroad bridge in the 

eastern part of the city of Dublin. The bridge is a drawbridge, and 

the pier to which the gage is attached is the circular center pier of 

the turn span. The gage is graduated to feet and, tenths, and the 

markings face toward the right bank. A secondary sloping gage is 

attached to a solid rock on right bank about 25 feet above the railroad bridge. This gage is graduated by chisel cuts on a 3-inch by 

5-inch oak timber, and reads from 1.6 to -f-1.9. Measurements are 

made from the iron highway bridge, which is 500 feet upstream from 

the gage. This bridge is also a drawbridge, and consists of the turn 

span between two other spans of 75 feet each. The total length of 

bridge proper is 320 feet. On the left bank, which is low, there is 

1,100 feet of iron-frame trestle approach. There is also a short trestle 

on the right bank, which is high. The ordinary width of the river is 

about 235 feet. At a gage height of about 20 feet the left bank begins 

to overflow, and it is practically covered to end of the approach at 25 

feet. This ground is thickly covered with a brushy growth, which 

will no doubt cause the velocity of the water overflowing it to be 

small. The right bank does not overflow. The bed of the stream is 

of loose rock, sand, and gravel. The channel is straight and the current is swift and fairly uniform, except where it is broken by the three 

bridge piers. The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge 

at the right bank, on the upstream side.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the upstream end of the floor beam 

on top of the first tubular pier and is 41.30 feet above the zero of the 

gage. Bench mark No. 2 is a point on the fifth step from the bottom 

at the south entrance of the court-house, 6 inches from the east end 

of the step. Its elevation is 82.51 feet above the zero of the gage. 

Bench mark No. 3 is the top of the granite water table 2^ feet west 

of the southeast corner of the court-house. Its elevation is 80.97 feet 

above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 4 consists of three large 

nails driven into a cypress tree on the right bank about 200 feet above 

the bridge. Its elevation is 3.00 feet above the zero of the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.
HALL AND 

HOYT. ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 83

Discharge measurements of Oconee River at Dublin, Ga., in 1903 and 1904'

Date.

1903. 

April 3 ........

April 4 ........

July 15........

1904. 

February 18.... 

April 12 .......

July 21........

September 16.. 

September 17..

October 27.....

October 27.....

December 3....

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall ....

F. A. Murray . . 

W. E. Hall....

M. R. Hall ....

W. E. Hall.. -. 

.....do ........

B. S. Drane.-..

' do

W. E. Hall....

Width.

Feet.

.

248 

242

210

200 

200

249

249

222

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

5,038

4,930

9 Q9Q

9 8^9

1,824

2,235

1,910

806

1 114

1,998

1,528

729

750 

732

662

666

1,086

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

4.00

4.02

3.35

3.33

2.75

2.93

2.34

2.12

2.22

2.57 

2.30

1.11

1.12 

1.09

.78

.84

1.81

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

15.40

14.95

8.81

8.51

4.47

5.95

4.61

.12

1.15

4.33 

2.45

 .98

 .90 

 .95

 1.55

 1.55

.45

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

20, 160

19,800

9,804

9,432

5,017

6,579

4,475

1,713

2,472

5,136 

3,521

808

840

798

515

557

1,968
84 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Oconee River at Dublin, Ga., for 1904-

Day.

1. .............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8.... ..........

9.............. 

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

17..............

18.............. 

19

20.............. 

21.............. 

22.............. 

23.............. 

21..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Jan.

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.4 

1.6

1.4

1.4

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0 

2.0

0 A

2.8 

2.6 

2.0 

2.9

?

/ 

6 9

4.4

3.6

3.2 

2.9

Feb.

2

E

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.0

2.0

3.0

5.0

8.5

9 0

9 9

9 Q

9 Q

*7 c

5.5 

4.5

3.5 

4.0 

5.5 

7.0

7 Q

Q 0

7.0.

5.0

4.0

Mar.

3

Q

3

C

3.5

3 Q

4.0

Q Q

3 Q

4.5

5.6 

5.5

3

c

3.4

3

4

3.4 

3.4 

3 0

2.9 

2.5 

2.0 

2.0

9 9

3

Q

4.5

4.0

3.8

3.4 

3.0

Apr.

 > 5

2 0

2.0

1

Q

2.0

2.0 

2.7

3 A

3 A

2.0

2.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

May.

1.0

1.0

1.0

.7

.7

.7

.4

.3

0

0

.7

.7 

.7 

.7

.7 

.7 

.4 

.4

9

o

- .5 

.0

June."

0.0

.8

1 ^

.5

.1

.1

.0 

.1

3

F)

^

.1

0

- .5 

- .5

- .6 

- .5 

- .5 

- .5

.4

g

- .9

.8

- .5

July.

-0.1

t

- .4

7

7

- .8 

- .8

q

.7

4

- .8 

- .9 

1.0

-1.0 

-1.0 

-1.0

- .8

o

- .6

- .6

AUg.

0.5

.8

9

1.5

2.4

2.4

5.0 

6.2

6.5

6.8

6.6

3

K

1

0

3.8 

3.3

Q A

2.0 

.9 

.4 

.1 

.1

0

9

3 fi

1.0 

1.0

Sept.

.1

Q

5

- .5

.6

j

.4

.7

.7

 9 

- .9

q

-1.0 

-1.0 

-1.0 

-1.0 

I I

J 1

-1.1

1 "

1 °

-1.2

Oct.

1 3

-1.4

1 3

-1.3 

1.3

1 4

i ^

-1.4 

-1.5

-1.5 

-I.ft 

-I.ft 

-I.ft 

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

-1.3 

-1.1

Nov.

1.1

1.1

1.0

.3

- .4 

.7

.5

.5

.3

.1

- .1 

- .1

- .4 

- .4

- .5 

- .5

- .4

Dec.

0.5

- .5

1.3

1.7

2.9

3.0 

2.0

1.0

.8

.8

.6

.5

.5

.K 

.8 

.9

.9 

.X 

.6 

.4 

.3

0

.3

2.5

2.5 

2. ft

Rating table for Oconee River at Dublin, Ga., from January 1 to December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-1.50

-1.40

-1.30

-1.20*

 1.10

 1.00

- .90

- .80

- .70

 .60

 .50

- .40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

560

600

645

695

750

810

874

941

1,010

1,081

1,154

1,229

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.30

- .20

- .10

.00

.20

.40

.60

.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,305

1,381

1,457

1,534

1,688

1,842

1,998

2,154

2,312

2,473

2,636

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,800

2,964

3,130

3,296

3,462

3,630

3,799

3,969

4,402

4,850

5,310

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

8.00

9.50

10.00

Discharge.

Second feet.

5,790

6,300

6,830

7,380

7,930

8,505

9,090

9,690

10, 330

10, 980

11, 630
HALL AND~| 

HOYT. J ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 85

The foregoing table is based upon eight discharge measurements made during 

1904. It is fairly well defined between gage heights 1.50 feet and 4.30 feet. Above 

4.30 the curve is rather uncertain. The table has been extended beyond these limits.

Estimated monthly discharge of Oconee River at Dublin, Ga., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 4,182 square miles.]

Month.

January ..--_..-_.-.......-...

February .....................

March. .......................

April. ........................

June .........................

July .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum,

8, 850 

11, 500 

7,710 

3,969 

2, 312 

3,130 

1,998 

7,820 

2,392 

750 

1,611 

3,969

11, 500

Minimum.

2,636 

3, 130 

3,130 

2,312 

1,154 

874 

810 

1,154 

695 

560 

695 

1, 154

560

Mean.

3,897 

6,599 

4,717 

2,766 

1,899 

1,449 

1,169 

3,617 

1,131 

609 

1,205 

2,329

2,616

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.932 

1.58 

1.13 

.661 

.454 

.346 

.280 

.865 

.270 

.146 

.288 

.557

.626

Depth in 

inches.

1.07

1.70 

1.30 

.738 

.523 

.386 

.323 

.997 

.301 

.168 

.321 

.642

8.47

OHOOPEE RIVER NEAR REIDSVILLE, GA.

This station was established June 13, 1903, by F. A. Murray. It is 

located at the wooden highway bridge, commonly known as Sheppards Bridge, 4i miles west of Reidsville. The gage is on the downstream side of the middle post which supports the bridge protector. 

The section from zero to 10 feet is two 5-foot sections of notched and 

painted gage fastened with lag screws to the post. From 10 to 13 

feet the post is graduated to feet and half feet with white paint, and 

from 13 to 20 feet it is graduated to feet with nails and numbered 

with brass figures. On November 19, 1903, a new 1 by 4 inch section 

5 feet long, reading from 3 to 8 feet, was spiked to a pine plank which 

is securely nailed to a cypress tree on the left bank of the river about 

120 feet above the bridge. The observer is J. D. Swain, who is paid 

by the Georgia Geological Survey. Bench mark No. 1 is the top of 

the cap of the fifth bent from the left end of the bridge on the upstream side, opposite a point 106 feet from the initial point for 

soundings. It is at an elevation of 20.00 feet above the zero of the 

gage. Bench mark No. 2 consists of two nails driven horizontally in 

the downstream side of a cypress tree on the left bank about 120 feet
86 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

above the bridge. This bench mark is 8.00 feet above the zero of 

the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Ohoopee River near Reidsville, On., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

June 13.-. .....

June 24.. ......

July 16........

July 16........

August 22......

Octobers......

October 8. .....

November 19...

December 30. . .

1904. 

February 19 ... 

April 13 -.--...

July 23 ........

September 13 . .

September 14 . .

October 31"....

December 1 ....

Hydrographer.

F. A. Murray..

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

F. A. Murray . . 

W. E. Hall ....

M. R. Hall.....

W. E. Hall .... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

..... do ........

.....do ........

B. S. Drane....

W. E. Hall ....

Width.

Feet.

136 

115

112

113 

113

113

113

113

108

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

2,001

1,187

1,650

1,774

2,183

667

635

889

1,123

1,667

775

490

713

708

641

578

569

42

423

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per see. 

2.88

1.40

2.20

2.10

2.95

.71

.72

1.27

1.63

2.16 

1.34

.76

1.15 

1.21

.98

.81

.80

1.25

.45

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.47

6.41

10.34

10.46

14.00

2.84

2.85

4.96

6.69

10.19 

4.53

2.28

4.20 

4.20

3.63

3.00

3.00

.32

1.56

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

5, 762

1,692

3,667

3, 756

6,441

476

462

1,131

1,836

3,611 

1,038

369

823 

858

628

470

454

52

190

a Wading 1,000 feet above the bridge. Three narrow channels.
HALL AT 

HOYT. ALTAMAHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 87

Mean, daily gage height, in feet, of Ohoopee River near Reidsville, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

1..............

2

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

n... ...........

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

IS..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

25..............

26..............

27 ..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

6.4

6.6

6.1

6.0

5.4

4.8

4.6

4.8

2.6

2 4

 . 4.

° 3

 . o

 > 9

Q 1

4.0

4.8

5.7

6.4

7.2

7.8

7.1

6.8

Feb.

6.7

6.4

6.0

5.6

5.3

5.0

4.8

5.0

5.1

6.0

8.2

12.1

12.0

11.5

11.2

11.0

10.7

10.1

9.4

9.3

Q S

10.1

10.4

10.2

9.8

9.3

8.5

Mar.

8.2

7.8

7.3

7.0

7.1

7.1

7.4

7.8

8.0

8.0

7 S

7.6

7.5

7.1

6 9

6.6

5.9

5.7

5.3

5.1

4 9

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.6

4.8

4.9

5.0

4.6

Apr.

4.4

4.8

4.1

0 Q

3.5

3.3

Q n

2 9

2.8

3.8

4.7

3.4

0 1

2.8

2.0

1.9

l.S

1 ^

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

May.

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

9

9

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.9

1.1

.8

June.

0.9

1.6

1 Q

1.5

1.2

1.1

1.0

9

.7

.7

.4

.4

.5

.4

g

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

July.

0.5

.5

.6

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.0

.8

1.1

1.4

.5

.4

.4

o 3

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.3

Aug.

1.1

1.0

9 9

4.6

6.2

8.4

9 0

9.8

9.0

8.4

9 0

9 4

8 9

8.6

8

0

7.6

6.4

5.4

4.8

3 9

3.7

3.9

3.9

3.9

5.4

6.3

Sept.

8.3

6.4

6.5

6.0

5.2

4.3

4

0

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.1

5 fl

4.4

3 6

3.1

2.6

0 0

2 1

1.9

1.5

1.5

2.1

2.2

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.2

Oct.

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.8

. 7

.7

.7

.6

.7

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

Nov.

0.3

.3

.7

1.0

1.5

1.5

1 P;

i ^

1.0

.9

o

1.0

1.9

2.0

1 G

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.6

1.2

2.7

2.4

r> o

1.8

1.6

Dee.

1.6

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.1

2.8

3 1

3 1

3.0

*-. 8

2.7

2.5

2.4

0 9

9 O

9 9

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.4

2.7

2.7

Rating table for Ohoopee River near Reidsville, Ga., from January 1 to December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

Discharge. Gage 

height.

fkcond-ffet. Fcii.

50

57

65

74

83

93

104

115

127

140

153

167

182

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

Discharge.

Scfond-feet.

197

213

230

247

265

302

341

382

425

470

519

572

629

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

690

755

824

895

968

1,043

1,120

1,198

1,277

1, 357

1,438

1, 520

1,728

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50

10.00

10.50

11.00

11. 50

12.00

12.50

13.00

Discharge.

tfecond-ffft.

1, 950

2,184

2,430

2, 685

2, 950

3,222

3,500

3,800

4,120

4,460

4,820

5, 19S

5, 590
88 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 1-27.

The foregoing table is based upon nineteen discharge measurements made during 

1903 and 1904. It is well denned between gage heights 0.0 foot and 11.0 feet. Above 

gage height 11. 0 the table is determined by one measurement at 14.0 feet.

Estimated monthly discharge of Ohoopee River near Reidsville, Ga., for 1904-

Month.

April .............................................

May .............................................

June .............................................

July .............................................

September ........................................

October .........................................

November ........................................

December .......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2, 330 

4,894

2, 531 

1,043 

167 

230 

321 

3,388 

2, 582 

127 

403 

494

4,894

Minimum.

321 

1,043 

968 

167 

65 

57 

57 

115 

140 

50 

50 

167

50

Mean.

1,062 

2, 877 

1, 703 

495 

101 

91.8 

125 

1,811 

747 

74.0 

170 

316

798

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN ALTAMAHA EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

The following is a list of miscellaneous discharge measurements 

made in Altamaha River drainage basin during 1904:

Yellow River near Jackson, Ga. A measurement was made October 7 at the wagon bridge, 11 miles from Jackson, on the road to Covington, Ga. The bench mark is the downstream edge of the bridge 

floor, 40 feet from the initial point for soundings, and is 8.00 feet 

above the datum of the gage.

Width, 113 feet; area, 229 square feet; mean velocity, 0.30 foot per second; gage 

height, 1.80 feet; discharge, 69 second-feet.

South River near Jackson, (ra. A. measurement was made October 

7 at the wagon bridge, 10 miles from Jackson, on the road to Covington, Ga. The bench mark is the upstream end of floorbeam, 66 feet 

from the initial point for soundings, 20.00 feet above the datum of 

the gage.

Width, 121 feet; area, 152 square feet; mean velocity, 0.90 foot per second; gage 

height, 1.10 feet; discharge, 137 second-feet.

Pole Bridge Creek near Lithonia, trti. This stream is a tributary 

of South River from the left near Lithonia, Ga. A measurement was 

made July 16 near the mouth of the creek, on the road between New's 

Bridge and Parker Bridge.

Width, 15 feet; area, 7 square feet; mean velocity, 1.43 feet per second; discharge, 

10 second-feet.
HAHOYTND ] ALTAMAHA EIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 89

A measurement at the same section September 23 gave the following results:

Width, 17 feet; area, 7 square feet; mean velocity, 1.00 foot per second; discharge, 

7 second-feet.

Alcovy River near Newton, Factory, Ga. A measurement was made 

October 7 from the wagon bridge at Henderson's mill, 4 miles from 

Newton Factory, on the road to Covington, Ga. The bench mark is 

the upstream edge of the bridge floor, 90 feet from the initial point 

for soundings, 11.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 40 feet; area, 43 square feet; mean velocity, 1.46 feet per second; gage 

height, 1.25 feet; discharge, 62 second-feet.

Horse Creek near Lumber City, Ga. This stream is a tributary of 

Ocmulgee River from the left. A measurement was made September 

8, li miles above the mouth of the creek, 10 miles north of Lumber 

City. The bench mark is a nail driven into the end of the second 

floorbeam above the second bent from the left bank, 15.00 feet above 

the zero of the gage.

Width, 55 feet; area, 115 square feet; mean velocity, 1.03 feet per second; gage 

height, 3.17 feet; discharge, 118 second-feet.

Little Ocmulgee River at Wilcox, Ga. A measurement was made 

September 7 at the wagon bridge at Wilcox, 2£ miles upstream from 

Lumber City, Ga. The bench mark is the center of lag bolt driven 

into the end of the second floorbeam from the right bank on the downstream side, 15.00 feet above the zero of the gage.

Width, 100 feet; area, 488 square feet; mean velocity, 1.92 feet per second; gage 

height, 3.15 feet; discharge, 937 second-feet.

Sugar Greek at Wilcox, Ga. A measurement was made September 

7, from the Southern Railway bridge, one-fourth mile north of Wilcox. The bench mark is the top of the steel girder, upstream side, 

150 feet from the right end of the trestle, 25.00 feet above the datum 

of the gage.

Width, 41 feet; area, 117 square feet; mean velocity, 1.06 feet per second; gage 

height, 7.50 feet; discharge, 124 second-feet.

Oconee River near M'dledgeiidle, Ga. Measurements were made at 

Fraley's ferry, 6 miles upstream from Milledgeville. The bench mark 

is a nail in an ash tree on the right bank, 100 feet above the ferry, 

10.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

June 29; width, 270 feet; area, 1,310 square feet; mean velocity, 0.79 foot per second; gage height, 4.90 feet; discharge, 1,030 second-feet.

September 20; width, 207 feet; area, 1,108 square feet; mean velocity, 0.50 foot per 

second; gage height, 4.35 feet; discharge, 547 second-feet.

Beaverdam Creek near Greensboro, Ga. This stream enters Oconee 

River from the left. A measurement was made March 19, at Veazey 

Ford, 6 miles south of Greensboro, on the road to Sparta, Ga. The
90 STEEAM MEASUEEMENTS IN 1904, PAET IV. [NO. 127.

bench mark is a nail in a small ash tree on the left bank, 20 feet below 

the foot plank, 3.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 15 feet; area, 10 square feet; mean velocity, 1.70 feet per second; gage 

height, 1.50 feet; discharge, 17 feet.

Little River near MiUedgeville, Ga. A measurement was made from 

the wagon bridge, 9 miles north of Milledgeville, 1 mile above the 

mouth of the river. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end 

of the cap of left bent of the second pier from the left bank, marked by 

a copper brad. Its elevation is 15.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 89 feet; area, 65 square feet; mean velocity, 1.09 feet per second; gage 

height, 3.17 feet; discharge, 71 second-feet.

MINOR SOUTHERN ATLANTIC DRAINAGE BASINS.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 

the Satilla River drainage basin during 190-1:

Sat ilia River near Wayeross, Ga. A measurement was made September 9, at the covered wagon bridge, 3 miles east of Waycross. The 

bench mark is the center of lag bolt driven into the left side of the 

first floorbeam from the first pier from the left bank, 20.00 feet above 

the datum of the gage.

Width, 108 feet; area, 1,077 square feet; mean velocity, 1.07 feet per second; gage 

height, 8.2 feet; discharge, 1,150 second-feet.

Hurricane Creek near Elackshear, Ga. This stream is an important 

tributary of Satilla River, entering from the north. A measurement 

was made September 10, at Baxley's bridge, near Blackshear. The 

bench mark is a large nail driven into the downstream end of the 

floorbeam over the second pier from the right bank, 15.00 feet above 

the datum of the gage.

Width, 67 feet; area, 415 square feet; mean velocity, 1.35 feet per second; gage 

height, 6.57 feet; discharge, 562 second-feet.

APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Apalachicola River is formed by the union of Flint and Chattahoochee rivers at the Georgia-Florida line. It flows in a southerly 

direction through Florida to the Gulf of Mexico. It is navigable, and 

boats run up Flint River to Albany, Ga., and up Chattahoochee River 

to Columbus, Ga.

Flint River rises in Fulton County, Ga., a few miles south of 

Atlanta. It flows in a southerly direction to Talbot County, southeasterly to Macon County, southerly to Worth County, and southwesterly to Apalachicola River. It drains the south-central portion 

of Georgia, extending from Atlanta south to the Florida line. The
HAHOYTND] APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 91

tributaries to Flint River are mainly large creeks with much fall. 

The principal ones among these are Whitewater, Whiteoak, Recloak, 

Elkins, Big Potato, Muckalee, Kinchafoonee, Ichawaynochaway, and 

Spring creeks.

Flint River has many good water powers on its course. Between a 

point opposite Woodbury, Ga., and a point opposite Knoxville, Ga., 

in Crawford County, a distance of about 45 miles, the river falls 334 

feet. Very little of its power is yet developed.

Chattahoochee River rises in the Blue Ridge, in White County, and 

flows in a southwesterly direction until it reaches the Alabama line at 

the southwest corner of Troup County, Ga. From there it flows in a 

southerly direction, forming the western boundary of Georgia, until 

it flows into Apalachicola River at the southern boundary of the 

State. It drains almost all of the north-central, middle-west, and 

southwest portions of Georgia, and has a drainage area of 4,900 square 

miles at Columbus, Ga., which is at the fall line.

Soque River joins the Chattahoochee on the western edge of Habersham County. This river rises in Habersham County and flows in a 

southwesterly direction. It has considerable fall, dropping as much 

as 40 feet within a few hundred feet.

Farther down the Chattahoochee, at the west boundary of Hall 

Count}7 , Chestatee River enters. It rises in Lumpkin County and 

flows in a southerly direction through a very hilly and steep country 

and has much fall all along its course.

From its source down to Columbus, Ga., Chattahoochee River is an 

excellent water-power stream. From the lower edge of Lumpkin 

County down to Columbus, Ga., there is a fall of over 850 feet, 366 

feet of this fall being between Westpoint and Columbus. All along 

its course there are many small tributaries flowing from a high, hilly 

country. These have much fall, and many small water powers are 

available.

The following pages give the results of the data collected at this 

station during 1904:

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER NEAR CORNELIA, GA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station.. It is located 

at Dunean Bridge, about 7 miles northwest of Cornelia, Ga., and 1 mile 

below the mouth of Soque River. Discharge measurements are made 

from the downstream side of the inclosed wooden highway bridge, the 

meter being lowered through holes cut in the floor or by raising floor 

plank. The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge at the 

left bank, downstream side. The channel is curved for about 500 feet 

above and straight for about 800 feet below the station. The current 

is moderate. The right bank is clean, and overflows for about 200 feet. 

The left bank is high, rocky, wooded, and does not overflow. The
92 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

bed of the stream is composed of rock at the left and silt at the right 

bank, free from vegetation, and shifting. There is but one channel 

at all stages, broken by the piers of the bridge. A fish-trap dam about 

800 feet below the bridge'will probably affect the rating at this station. The bench mark is the top of downstream stringer at a point 59 

feet from the left end of the bridge. Its elevation is 21.00 feet above 

datum.

Discharge measurements of Chattahoochee River near Cornelia, Ga., in 1904.

Date.

September 30 . .

October 29.....

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles....

A.T.Mitchelfeon

M. E. Hall ....

Width.

Feet.

124

115

103

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

363

364

319

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

1.34

.70

.67

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

.95

.91

Discharge.

Second-feet.

487

253

215

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER NEAR NORCROSS, GA.

This station was established June 10, 1902, by M. R. Hall. It is 

located at Medlock's toll bridge, about <±i miles north of Norcross, Ga. 

This point is above the mouth of Johns Creek and below the mouth 

of Sewannee Creek. A vertical section of gage, reading from zero to 

8 feet, is attached to an oak tree on the right bank of the river, 100 

feet above the bridge. A chain gage was established March 14, 1903. 

The center of the pulley is 28.32 feet above the zero of the gage, and 

the length of the chain from the end of the weight to the marker is 

28.75 feet. The gage is read twice each day by W. O. Medlock, the 

bridge owner. He is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the singlespan bridge and its approaches. The initial point for soundings is 50 

feet to right of the center of the downstream tubular pier on the right 

bank. The channel is slightly curved for 600 feet above and 700 feet 

below this station. The current is sluggish at low stages, but not 

excessively so, and the discharge measurements are considered good 

at lowest stage. The right bank is high and will overflow only for 50 

feet from the water's edge; the left bank will overflow for about 800 

feet at a gage height of from 16 to 18 feet. The bed of the stream is 

sandy and probably changes.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the iron pier on the right bank, downstream side. Its elevation is 27.00 feet above gage datum. Bench 

mark No. 2 is a copper plug set in a stone post set flush with the surface of the ground at the side of the road just outside of the toll bridge, 

on the right bank. The post is on line with the downstream side of 

the bridge and is 145 feet from the center of the pier at the right-bank 

end of the bridge. Its elevation is 26.92 feet above gage datum.
HALL AND"] 

HOYT. J APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 93

The observations at this station during 190-i have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Chattahoochee. Hirer near Norcross, Oa., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903.

March 14 ......

May 29........

June 26........

July 17. .......

July 17........

August 19......

October 23.....

November 25a. .

November 25.. .

1904. 

January 19..... 

January 19.... .

February 20.... 

April 7 ........

June 20........

August 9.......

August 10. .....

Heptember 28 . . 

September 28 . .

October 11 .....

( >ctober 14 .....

December 9....

Hydrographer.

M.R.HalK....

.....do ........

.....do ........

J.M.Giles.....

.....do ........

M.R. Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do .......

.....do........

.....do ........

W.E. Hall.....

M. R. Hall and 

J. C. Hoyt.

W.E. Hall.....

J. M. Giles .....

M.R. Hall.....

W.E. Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall .....

.....do ........

B. S. Drane ....

M. R. Hall and

N. C. Grover. 

M.R. Hall.....

Width.

feet.

174 

174

169 

173

160

155

190

180

177

156 

156

166

158

163

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

1,375

2,035

1,854

1,583

1,570

1,537

1,537

1,503

1,486

1,503

1,486

1, 245

1,265

493

1,221

1,308 

1,308

1,467 

1,314

1,234

1,049

2,354

1,972

1,410

917 

919

943

925

1,002

Mean

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.34

2.43

1.91

1.50

1.56

1.46

1.46

1.55

1.54

1.52

. 1.48

.96

.85

2.15

.87

1.08 

1.04

1.78 

1.14

1.27

.63

4.22

3.36

1.88

.59 

.59

.60

.60

.95

Gage 

height.

feet. 

2.70

5.35

4.08

3.15

3.13

3.06

3.06

3.15

3.05

3.15

3.05

2.06

1.94

1.95

1.95

2.19 

2.19

3.45 

2.50

2.54

1.53

8.62

6.57

3.60

1. 22 

1 22

1.32

1.28

1.88

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

1,837

4,940

3, 543

2,378

2,447

2, 254

2, 255

2,337

2,288

2, 281

2, 203

1,197

1,078

1,062

1,071

1,419 

1,362

2,607 

1,496

1,571

662

9, 938

6,624

2,658

537

538

569

558

951

a Measurement taken at Warsaw Ferry, l mile above bridge.
94 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height, in. feet, of Chattahoochee River -near Norcross, Ga., for 19<>4.

Day.

1.. ............

o 

3..............

4..............

5..............

G. ............. 

8..............

9.............. 

10. ............

11..............

13..............

14..............

15.............. 

16..............

17..............

18.............. 

19............. 

20..............

21..............

'24..............

25.............. 

26..............

27..............

Oft

29.............. 

30. ............. 

31..............

Jan.

1.90

1.90 

2.00

1 911

1 90

1.80 

l.SO

1.90 

1 90

1 90

2.00

2.10 

o 00

2. 20

2.50 

2. 20

2.00

2.80 

3.10 

3.30 

2.60

2.30 

2.20 

2.20 

2.20 

2.20

Feb.

2.20

2.10 

2.10

2.10 

2.30

2. 90

2.70 

t 50

2.30

2.30 

 > 3()

9 ->0

2.10 

2.30

4.90 

5.30 

4.00 

3.30 

o go

2. SO 

2. 60 

2.60

Mar.

2.50

2.60 

2.60

2.30

2. 3D 

4.70

3.90 

3.30

2.85

3.10

2. 75

2.60

2. 55 

2.50

3.00 

3.40 

3.60 

3.50 

3.20

3.00 

2.90 

2.75 

2.65 

2.60

Apr.

2.55

2.55 

2.50

2.35 

2.50 

3.20

3.40

2.80 

2.70

2.60

2.50

*> en

2.55

2.50 

2.45

2.40 

2.40 

2.35 

2.30 

2 30

2.45 

2.50 

2.35 

2.30

May.

2.30

2.25 

2.20

2.40

2.30 

2.20

4.05

o go

2.55

2.35 

2 25

2.20

2.20 

2. 15

2.10 

2.05 

2.00 

2.00 

o on

1.95 

1.90 

1.90 

2.00

June.

2.40

2.30 

2.30

2.10

1.95

1.90 

2.65 

2.30

2.05

1.90

1.70

1.65 

1.20 

1 60

1.45 

1.35 

1.25 

1.20 

1.20

1.40 

1.95 

2.30 

2.40

July.

1.70

1.55 

1.50

1.45

1.70

1.55 

1.50 

1.50

1.30 

1.30

1.55

1.75 

1.85

1.90

1.60 

1.60

1.85

1.50 

1.65

1.70

1.85 

2.05 

1.70 

1.60

1.80 

1.60 

1.70 

2.10 

1.90

Aug.

2.65

2.70 

2. 35

2.20

3.10

2.55 

2. 15 

7.70

8.20 

3.70

4.50

3.95 

2. 85

2. 55

2.40 

2. 50

2. 15

2.00 

1.90

1.85 

1.70 

l.SO 

2. 05 

2.00

2.40 

2. 80 

2.45 

2.05

Sept.

1.80

1.75 

1.70

1.90

2.40

2.10 

2.05 

1.80

1.70 

1.80

1.65

1. 55 

1.60

1.55

1.50 

1.45

1.45

1.45 

1.40 

1.40

1.40 

1.40 

1.45 

1.40

1.20 

1.20 

1.25 

1.40

Oct.

1.35

1.30 

1.35

1.20

1.15

1. 25 

1.30 

1.30

1.30 

1.15

1.25

1.10 

1.30

1.30

1.20 

1.25

1.25

1.15 

1.10 

1.10

1.10

1.25 

1.25 

1.20 

1.20

1.30 

1.20 

1.10 

1.30 

1 30

Nov.

1. 25

1.30 

1.35

1.50

1.65

1.60 

1.50 

1.45

1.40 

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.60

1.65

1.60 

1.50

1.50

1.45 

1 . -15 

1.4S

1.40

1. 55 

1.80 

1.85 

1.65

1.50 

1.45 

1.45 

1.50

Dec.

1.50

1.35 

1.40

1.55

2.00

3.45 

2. 85 

2.10

1.90 

1.90

1.90

1.80 

1.70

1.70

1.65 

1.65

1.70

1.70 

1.60 

1.60

.1.60

1.60 

1.55 

1. 55 

1.70 

1.S5

1.95 

3.80 

3.55 

2.50 

2.20

Rating table for Chattahoochee Hirer near Norcross, Ga., from January 1 to December 31,

1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

480

515

560

615

680

750

830

920

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,015

1,120

1,330

1,540

1,750

1,970

2,190

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.50

5.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,410

2,630

2,860

3,090

3,320

3,920

4,555

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5, 210

5, 885

6, 580

7,295

8, 035

8,805

9,125

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1902, 1903, and 

1904, and is well defined. Above gage height 1.90 feet it is the same as the 1903 curve.
AHOYTND] APALAGHICOLA EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 95

Estimated monthly discharge of Chattalwochee River near Norcross, Ga.,for 1904.

Month.

January ..........................................

February .........................................

March. . ..........................................

April. . ...........................................

May .............................................

June .............................................

July .............................................

August ...........................................

September. .......................................

October ..........................................

November ........................................

The year ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximnm.

2,520 

4,945 

5, 885 

2,975 

3,380 

1,805 

1,225 

9, 125 

1,540 

588 

968 

3, 090

9,125

Minimum.

\920 

1, 225 

1,435 

1,435 

1,015 

515 

560 

830 

515 

480 

537 

588

480

Mean.

1,306 

1,967 

2 227 

1,729 

1,510 

987 

814 

2,079 

764 

530 

689 

1,119

1,310

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER AT OAKDALE, GA.

This station was established at Oakdale, Ga., on October 17, 1895, 

by Cyrus G. Babb. It is located at the Southern Railway bridge, 

1 mile above the mouth of Proctor Creek, 2 miles below the mouth of 

Peachtree Creek, one-fourth mile west of Chattahoochee, 1 mile east 

of Oakdale, and 8 miles northwest of Atlanta.

On July 30, 1896, the location of the station was.changed to Mason 

and Turner's ferry, 1 mile below Oakdale. The gage at this point, 

know as the "Oakdale lower gage," is nailed to a tree on the right 

bank 100 feet below the ferry and set 1 foot lower than the gage at the 

Southern Railway bridge. On June 1, 1899, the lower gage was 

discontinued and the upper gage resumed and adopted by the United 

States Weather Bureau, the United States Geological Survey still 

receiving the records and making the current-meter discharge measurements at this point. The gage now used is in two sections, the 

first, reading from zero .to 8 feet, fastened to a willow tree 100 feet 

above the bridge on the left bank; the second, reading from 8 to 26 

feet, fastened to an ash tree 30 feet above the bridge on the left bank. 

It is set on the same datum as the old wire gage of the United States 

Geological Survey established at that point by Mr. Babb in 1895 and 

above referred to. Its zero point is 753.5 feet above sea level. Discharge measurements are made from the railway bridge. The initial 

point for soundings is the end of the iron bridge on the right bank, 

upstreem side.
96 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Bench mark No. 1 is a railroad spike in the corner of the pier on the 

right bank 12.39 feet above datum of gage. Bench mark No. 2 is a 

large bridge spike in a sycamore tree about 50 feet above the bridge 

on the left bank; it is at an elevation of 11.00 feet above the zero of 

the gage. Bench mark No. 3, determined by measuring down to the 

water, is the top of the iron girder, -±0 feet from the initial point for 

soundings, on the upstream side of the bridge. Its elevation is 57.55 

feet above the zero of the gage. The flow is obstructed by rafts, which 

have to be cleared from the channel occasionally. The channel is 

straight and the current swift. The banks are subject to overflow. 

The bed of the stream is constant and the results are fairly good 

except at high stages, when the water flows through the trestlework. 

The observer is J. B. Austin.

This station was discontinued by the Weather Bureau on November 

30, 190i, but the single daily readings for several months before that 

time are not considered reliable as representing the flow of the river on 

account of the operation of a large water-power plant above. Only 

the records for the first five months of the year are used.

The observations at this station during 190<± have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Chattahoochee River at Oakdale, Ga., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

March 2 .......

March 23......

April 23 .......

September 2 ...

October 7 ......

November 5 ....

1904. 

February 11....

May 3.........

June 29........

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall.....

J. M. Giles....

E. 0. Murphy

and M. R. 

Hall.

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

'.....do ........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles .... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles and

B. S. Drane.

Width.

Feet.

221 

224

198

187

Area of 

section.

Square feet, 

2,644

8,553

1,598

3,240

809

622

828

. 1,225 

1,277

723

556

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

3.70

3.93

3.03

3.85

2.00

2.18

2 27

2.39 

2.53

1.88

1.85

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.95

21. 85

5.03

12.20

1.25

1.10

1.90

3.28 

3.50

1.38

.60

Discharge.

Second-fed. 

9,787

33, 620

4,836

12, 480

1,612

1, 359

1,882

2,926 

3,233

1, 361

1, 030
HALL AND~| 

HOYT. J APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 97

Mean daily gage height, infect, of Chattahoochee River at Oakdale, Ga., for 1904-

Day.

1 ............

3............

4............

5............ 

6 ............ 

7............

8 ............ 

9............ 

10............

11............

12............ 

13............

14............

15............ 

16............

Jan.

1.3

1

0

1.7

1.3

1.3 

1.3 

1.4

1.4 

1.3 

1.4

1.4

1.3 

1.5

1.5 

1.5

Feb.

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.5

1.5 

1.5 

1.6

3.6 

3.0

4.0

2.7 

2.0

1.8

2.0 

1.9

Mar.

O O

2.4

2.0 

2.3 

4.5

8.2 

4.0

3

n

2.8

2.5

2.5

4.5

Apr.

2.0

2 0

1.9

1.8 

1.5 

1.7

2.5 

3.0 

5.0

3.0

2.5 

2.2

1.9 

1.9

May.

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.4 

1.4

1.8 

4.0 

4.5

2.0 

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.7

Day.

17............

-IQ

19

20............

21............ 

22............ 

23............

24............ 

25............

26............

27............

28............ 

29

on

31............

Jan.

1.7

1.5

1.9

1.6

*1.5 

1.7 

4.0

4.0 

3.5

3 O

3.0

3.0 

3.5

°. fi

1.6

Feb.

1.6

1.6

1.7

2.5

2.7 

4.5

7.7

4.3 

3.5

0 ft

2.8

2.4

Mar.

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.8 

2.0 

3.8

4.0 

4.4

3.0

2.6 

2.3

2.0

1.8

Apr.

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.7 

1.7

1.6 

1.5 

1.5

1.7

l.t 

1.5

1.5

May.

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3 

1.0 

1.0

1.0 

1.0 

.8

.8

.8

1.0

1.7

Rating table for Cllattahoochee River at Oakdale, Ga., from January 1, 1903, to December

31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1, 300 '

1,360

1,420

1,480

1,545

1,610

1,675

1,740

1,810

1,880

1,950

2,095

2,245

2,400

2,560

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

Discharge.

Second-feet,

2,730

2,900

3,080

3,260

3, 450

3,640

4,140

4,640

5,140

5,640

6,190

6,740

7,290

7,840

8,390

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9.00

9.50

10.00

10.50

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

13.00

13.50

14.00

14.50

15.00

15.50

16.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

8,940

9,540

10, 140

10, 740

11, 340

11, 940

12, 540

13, 190

13, 840

14, 490

15,140

15, 840

16, 540

17, 240

17, 940

Gage 

height.

Feet.

16.50

17.00

17.50

18.00

18.50

19.00

19.50

20.00

20.50

21.00

21.50

22.00

23.00

24.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

18, 650

19,400

20, 160

20, 960

21, 800

22, 800

23,800

25,000

26,800

27, 800

29, 550

31, 300

34, 800

38, 300

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1902-1904. 

It is well denned between gage heights 0.6 feet and 12 feet. Above that point the 

table is based upon four scattered measurements. 

IRK 127 05 7
98 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Estimated monthly discharge of Chattalioochee River at Oakdale, Gu., for 1904. 

[Drainage area, 1,560 square miles.]

Month.

January ......................

February .....................

March ........................

April. . .......................

May .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,640 

7,510 

8,060 

4,640 

4,140

Minimum.

1,480 

1,610 

1,810 

1,610 

1,180

Mean.

1,993 

2, 504

2, 749 

1, 983 

1,699

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.28 

1.61 

1.76 

1.27 

1.09

Depth in 

inches.

1.48 

1.74 

2.03 

1.42 

1.26

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER AT WEST POINT, GA.

This station was established July 30, 1S96, by M. II. Hall, and the 

gage is now maintained by the United States Weather Bureau. It is 

located at Montgomery street wagon bridge. The boxed chain gage 

is securely bolted to the outside of the iron railing of the downstream 

footway at a point 122 to 124 feet from the initial point for soundings. 

The boxed gage is so constructed that the length of the chain is always 

2 feet greater than the elevation of the bottom of the box above gage 

datum. The length of the chain is 29.26 feet from the end of the 

weight to the marker. The wagon bridge from which discharge measurements are made is in three spans, with short approaches from 

each end. The floor of the bridge is about 24 feet above low water. 

The initial point for soundings is the end of the hand rail on the right 

bank, downstream side of the bridge. The channel is straight for 

about 2,000 feet above and 3,000 feet below the station. The current 

has a fair velocity, except at low stages. The right bank is high and 

overflows only at high water, when most of the town is covered. The 

left bank is somewhat lower and overflows for about 800 feet at a 

gage height of 20 feet. The bed of the stream is of sand and gravel 

and is unstable.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the downstream end of the second 

iron floor beam under the bridge floor from the right-bank end of 

the highway bridge. Its elevation is 24.19 feet above gage datum. 

Bench mark No. 2 is the top of the thirty-eighth milepost on the 

Franklin and West Point survey of the United States engineers. This 

post is a cast-iron cap 6 inches square, set in concrete, and approximately on a level with the ground. It is marked " U. S. 38." A 

raised point in the center of the cap is the bench mark; its elevation 

is 15.68 feet above gage datum. The location of this post is on the 

right bank of the river, 340 feet upstream from the wagon bridge and 

50 feet from the edge of the river. It is 60 feet south of the Episco-
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J APALAOHIOOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 99

pal church, and is 132 feet east of the northeast corner of a lot belonging to W. G. Sheafers, which is the southwest corner of Jasper and 

Front streets. Bench mark No. 3 is the top of the first marble block 

and bottom of the second marble block of the Confederate monument 

in the center of the street, 1,300 feet from the initial point of soundings and 860 feet from the east end of the bridge. ' Its elevation is 

25.56 feet above the zero of the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge >neastu*e>ine)its of Chattahoochee River at Westpoint, Ga., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903.

January 6 ..... 

April 22 .......

June 5.......'..

June 6.... .....

July 30........

July 31 ........

September 23 . . 

September 24 . .

December 17...

1904.

February 3-4 . . 

April 7 ........

April 7 ........

April 14 .......

April 14 .......

June 20........

June 20........

September 2 ...

September 29 . . 

. September 30 . .

December 6 ....

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall..... 

E. C. Murphy &

M. R. Hall. 

M. R. Hall.....

.....do ........

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

M. R. Hall..... 

.....do ........

W. E. Hall ....

W. E. Hall .... 

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

W. E. Hall .... 

.....do ........

J. M. Giles .... 

.....do ........

W. E. Hall ....

Width.

Feet.

383 

qqj.

381

386

358

356

375 

369

376

376

377

377

377

353

353

1368 

371

368 

368

380

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

3, 550 

4,040

5,458

6,046

3 319

3,569

2,875 

2, 858 .

2,901

3,101

2,781

2,787

2, 805

2, 785

2, 223

0 OOQ

2,397 

2,621

2, 451 

2,474

2,933

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per see.

IA2 

2.16

3.84

4 24

1 M

1.68

.85 

.85

.85

.97 

1.13

1.13

1.13

1.14

.58

.59

.50 

.71

.41 

.41

.96

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.95 

5.39

9.70

11.30

3.46

4.07

2.40 

.2.32

2.37

2.80 

2.83

2.88

2.90

2.90

1.56

1.56

1.46 

2.00

1.20 

1.27

2.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5, 056

8,713

20, 960

25, 620

4,761

5,993

2, 451 

2,416

2,460

3,005 

3,144

3,155

3,179

3,180

1,298

1,306

1,203 

1,862

1,005 

1,010

2,808
100 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Chattahoochee River at Westpoint, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

1. .............

3..............

4.............. 

5..............

6.............. 

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.............. 

11.............. 

12..............

13..............

14..............

15.............. 

16.............. 

17. .........../.

18.............. 

19.............. 

20..............

21..............

22.............. 

23..............

24..............

25.............. 

26.............

28..............

29....

30..............

31..............

Jan.

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

O Q

2.4

2.7 

3.0 

2.8

o n

2.6 

3.5

3.6 

3.3 

3 1

2

Q

3.3

6 PL

5.1 

4.2

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

Feb.

2.9

o g

. o g

2.8

2.8

3

1

PL n

4.4 

5.4

6

1

3 7

3.4 

3.3

3.0 

3.1

3 7

4.0

5.4 

6.4

6.1 

5.3 

4 ^

3.4

.......

Mar.

3.3

3.7

3.5

3.1 

4 7

6.0

6.0

5.4 

4.2

1 7

4.0 

4. 2

3.4 

3 1

3 0

3.0

3 q

3.3 

3.8

3.6

3.2

3 1

3.0

Apr.

2.9 

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.8

3.5 

3.5 

<j i

3 1

2 9

2.8

2.7

o 7

2.7

2.6 

2.6 

2.6

2.6

2.6

May.

2.5 

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4 

2.4

2.4

3.1 

3.4 

3.1

2.4

2.3

2.3 

2.2 

2.1

2.0

2.0 

2.0

1.9 

1.9 

1 9

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.7

June.

3.0 

3.6

2.7

2.4 

2.2

2.1 

1.5

1.4

2.0

2.3 

2.1 

2 0

1.8

1.6

1.6 

1.6 

1.6

1.5 

1.5

1 PL

1.5

1.4 

1.3

1.7 

1.3 

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.4

2.0

July.

2.5 

2.3

2.1

2.1

1.7

1.9 

1.6

1.3

2.4

2.1

1.8 

1.6

1.6

1.9 

1.4 

1.4

1.7 

1.4 

2.0

1.7

2.0 

2.1

2.3 

2.0 

1.9

 1.4

1.9

1.7

2.1

Aug.

2.6 

2.7

2.5

3.3 

2.5

3.1

5.3

11.4

12.6

12.4 

9.6 

6.2

4.8

4.2

5.0 

4.0 

3.9

3.4 

3.0 

2.9

2.3

2.4

2.2 

4.3 

5.1

4.1

5.8

3.9

3.0

2. i

Sept.

2.3 

1.4

2.0

1.9 

1.8

2.5 

2.4

O 0

1.9 

1.7 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5 

1.5 

1.4

1.4 

1.4 

1.3

1.3

1.4 

1.8

1.9 

1.5 

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

Oct.

1.2

1 2

1. *-

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1 

1.1 

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

1.1 

1.0 

1.1

.9 

.9

.9

.9 

.9

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1

Nov.

.9

1.1

1.5 

1.7

1.6 

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.5 

1.5 

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8 

1.7 

1.6

1.6 

1.6 

1.6

1.6

1.6 

1.8

1.8 

1.8 

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

Dec.

1.7 

1.8

1.9

2.0 

2.0

2.6 

3.0

3.2

3.1

2.5 

2.1

1.9

2.0

1.8 

1.8 

1.8

1.8 

1.8 

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7 

1.9

2.1

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.6

Rating table for Chattahoochee River at Westpoint, Ga., from January 1 to December 31,

1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

800

850

920

1,000

1,090

1,180

1,280

1,380

1,490

1,600

1,720

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,840

2,100

2,380

2,680

3,000

3,340

3,700

4,080

4,500

4,940

5,380

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5,830

6,290

6,760

7,240

7,740

8,240

8,740

9,260

9,780

10, 300

10, 840

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

11, 380

11,940

12, 520

13,100

16, 000

18, 900

21,800

24, 700
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 101

The foregoing table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1903 and 

1904. It is well defined between gage heights 1.20 feet and 11.40 feet. The table has 

been extended beyond these limits. Above gage height 6.50 feet the rating curve 

is a tangent, the difference being 290 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Chattahoochee River at Westpoint, Qa., for 1904. 

[Drainage area, 3,300 square miles.]

Month.

March. .......................

April. ........................

May .........................

July.........................

November ....................

The year ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,000 

11, 380 

10, 300 

4,500 

4,080 

4,500 

2, 530 

29, 340 

2,530 

1,000 

1,600 

4,720

29, 340

Minimum.

2,240 

3,000 

3,340 

2,680 

1,600 

1,000 

1,090 

2,100 

1,090 

800 

800 

1,490

800

Mean.

v 3,520 

5,447 

4,858 

3,107 

2,285 

1,695 

1,705 

7,515 

1,484 

913 

1,375 

2,294

3,016

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.07 

1.65 

1.47 

.942 

.692 

.514 

.517 

2.28 

.450 

.277 

.417 

.695

.914

Depth in 

inches.

1.23 

1.78 

1.70 

1.05 

.798 

.574 

.596 

2.63 

.502 

.319 

.465 

.801

12.44

SOQUE RIVER NEAR DEMOREST, GA.

This station was established July 16, 1904, by M. K. Hall. It is 

located at Cannon Bridge on road from Cornelia to Acorn, 2i miles 

from Demorest and about 4 miles above the mouth of the river. 

The gage is a vertical 10-foot timber fastened to a scantling which is 

spiked to the sill and upstream post of trestle bent at the left bank. It is 

graduated to feet and tenths. The gage is read once each day by 

Charles Cannon. This station is maintained in cooperation with the 

Georgia Geological Survey, by whom the gage reader is paid. Discharge measurements are made from the single-span, wooden, wagon 

bridge, to which the gage is attached. The bridge has a 28-foot 

approach on the left bank and 90-foot approach on the right bank. 

The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge on the upstream side at the left bank. The channel is curved for 500 feet 

above and slightly curved for 500 feet below the station. The 

current is swift. Both banks are high and wooded. The right 

bank overflows during extreme high water. The bed of the stream is 

composed largely of rock and is permanent. There is but one channel 

at all stages. Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the upstream end
102 STEEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PAET IV. [NO. 127.

of the right bank wooden pier, and is marked with white paint. Its 

elevation is 21.30 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 

is a nail in an ironwood tree 20 feet above bridge on the right bank. 

Its elevation is 6.00 feet above the zero of the gage.

Discharge measurements of Soque River near Demorest, Ga., in 1904.

Date.

June 8 .........

July 16........

October 28..... 

October 28.....

November 23...

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ....

M. B. Hall.....

W.E. Hall.....

M. R.Hall..... 

.....do ........

W.E. Hall.....

Width.

Feet. 

74

74

81

81 

81

80

Area of 

section.

/Square feet. 

159

139

209

169 

169

192

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.14

.88

.97

.60 

.60

.78

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.74

1.46

1.81

1.31 

1.31

1.58

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

182

123

202

102 

101

150

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Soque Hirer near Demorest, Ga.,for 1904-

Day.

1.. .........

2...........

3...........

4........... 

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9........... 

10. .......... 

11...........

13...........

14....... ...

15...........

1C............

July.

1.45

Aug.

1.70

3.45

1 60

P. O£

2.90 

2.70 

1.96

2 40

2.00

1.95

1.80

1.85

Sept.

1.65

1.65

1.60

2.75 

2.60

2.00

1.85

'? 10

1.85 

1.70 

1.60

1.60

1.60

1 55

1.50

Oct.

1.40

1.35

1.35

1.35 

1.35

1.35

1.40

1.40

1.35 

1.40 

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.30

1 30

Nov.

1.35

1.40

1.40

1.65 

1.60

1.50

1.40

1.40

1.35 

1.35 

1.35

1.40

1.45

1.40

1 40

Dec.

1.40

1.40

1.45

1.55 

3.05

2.30

1.70

1.55 

1.50 

1.45

1.45

1.55

1.50

Day.

17..........

18 ..........

19 ..........

20 ..........

24

25 .......... 

26 ..........

27..........

30

31..........

July.

1.40

1. 35

1.40

1.40 

1.40

3.70

1.55

1.50

2.30 

1.60 

1.45

i in

1.65

2.70

Aug.

1.80

1.80

1.75

2.20 

1.75

1.70

1.60

1.65

2.30 

2. 35 

2 40

2.10

2.00

1.75

1.70

Sept.

1.50

1.45

1.50

1.45 

1.60

1.50

1.40

1.40

1.45 

1.45 

1.50

1.45

1.40

1.40

Oct.

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30 

1.25

1.25

1.30

1.30

1.30 

1.30 

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.35

Nov.

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.45

1.60

1.50 

1.45 

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

Dec.

1 50

1 50

1.55

1.50 

1.50

-1.45

1 45

1 45

1.70 

1.65 

2.40

2.30

2.10

1.85

1.70

Rating table for Soqice River near Demorest, Ga..,from July 16 (o December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.25

1.30

1.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

93

100

115

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.50

1.60

1.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

132

152

174

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.90

2.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

198

224

252

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.10

2.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

282

314

The above table is based upon six discharge measurements made during 1904 and 

one measurement made in 1905. It is well denned between gage heights 1.30 feet 

and 2.20 feet. Estimates made above 2.50 feet can only be considered a rough 

approximation.
HALL AND "1 

HOYT. J APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. * 103

Estimated monthly discharge of Soque River near Demorest, Ga., for 1904.

Month.

July (16-31) . .....................................

August ...........................................

October ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

980 

1,745 

525 

115 

163 

666

Minimum.

108 

93 

115 

93 

108 

115

Mean.

218 

322 

174 

104 

122 

183

SWEETWATER GREEK NEAR AUSTELL, GA.

This station was established May 6, 1904, by M. E. Hall. It is 

located at the south side of Lithia Springs Park, near Austell, Ga. 

The station is maintained in cooperation with the Georgia Geological 

Survey, by whom the gage reader is paid. The gage is composed of 

two sections. The first or inclined section, graduated by tenths to 8 

feet, is bolted to a large rock on the right bank. The second or vertical section, graduated from 8 to 16 feet, is spiked to a maple tree on 

the right bank about 100 feet upstream. The gage is read twice each 

day by J. L. Causey. Discharge measurements are made from a boat 

at low and ordinary stages about 400 yards below the gage. Highwater measurements are made from Strickland's wagon bridge, 1^ 

miles downstream. The channel is straight for about 300 feet above 

and for 200 feet below the gage. The current above the gage is sluggish; below the gage it is swift for about 50 feet, at several places 

with sluggish water between. Both banks are high and wooded, the 

right being composed of rock, and are not liable to overflow. There 

is but one channel at all stages. Bench mark No. 1 is a nail in a small 

maple on the right bank about 200 feet below the gage. Its elevation 

is 5.00 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is a cross 

cut on a large rock about 10 feet south of the sloping section of the 

gage. Its elevation is 10.00 feet about the zero of the gage.
104 STREAM MEASUREMENTS BST 1904, PAET IV. [NO. 127. 

Discharge measurements of Sweetwater Creel: near Austell, Ga., in 1904.

Date.

Mav 6 .........

June 16 b ......

June 16 « ......

July 9 «. .......

July 29«.......

August 30 « ....

August 31 c ....

October Id ....

October 1 $

Hydrographer.

W.E.andM.R.

Hall.

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

W. E. Hall ....

J. M. Giles ....

W. E. Hall ....

J. M. Giles ....

M. R. Hall ....

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

42

45

41

43

54

53

45

55

55

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

148

71

119

140

201

194

99

105

104

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

0.82

.85

.54

..61

1.26

.92

1.24

.58

.58

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.68

1.15

1.20

1.40

2.70

2.35

1.96

1.24

1.28

Discharge.

Second-feet.

122

61

64

85

254

178

122

61

60

a. Strickland's bridge.

b Boat 100 yards below gage.

f Wading 100 yards below gage. 

& 1,000 feet above gage.

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Sweetwater Creek near Austell, Ga., for 1904-

Day.

1... ................................

2...................................

3.. .................................

4...................................

5...................................

6...................................

7...................................

8.... ...............................

9...................................

10...................................

11...................................

13...................................

14...................................

15...................................

16...................................

17...................................

18...................................

19...................................

20.......................... ........

21...................................

oo

24...................................

25...................................

26...................................

27...................................

28...................................

29.........................

30...................................

31...................................

May.

1.50

1.50

1.45

1.45

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.15

1.20

1.20

1.15

1.30

2.55

June.

3.40

2.50

1.90

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.95

1.70

1.4ft

1.30

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.15

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.90

2.80

3.50

2.15

1.70

1.30

1.15

1.20

2.40

5.60

2.85

July.

1.90

1.45

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.10

1.05

1.35

1.35

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.15

.90

1.00

1.05

.55

1.00

.75

.75

.90

1.15

.70

1.05

1.00

.90

1.25

2.50

2.20

Aug.

1.50

1.60

4.40

2.90

3.90

3.85

2.30

11.90

16.30

11.40

4.95

6.30

4.30

3.45

3.25

4.55

3.20

3.45

2.40

1.95

2.15

2.00

1.95

2.65

4.05

5.50

7.15

6.00

3.10

2.35

Sept.

1.90

1.70

1.60

3.00

2.65

2.05

1.70

1.65

1.60

1.45

1.40

1.30

1.25

1.25

1.35

1.10

.90

1.20

1.20

1.05

1.10

1.10

1.00

1.15

1.00

1 05

.85

1.10

1.05

.95

Oct.

0.90

.65

1.05

.70

1.05

.75

.95

.90

.65

.90

.90

.85

.90

.95

.85

.55

1.00

.70

.70

.85

.70

7K

60

1.00

.90

.90

.85

.85

.90

.50

95

Nov.

0.90

1.05

.95

1.60

1.80

1.40

1.35

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.30

1.65

2.10

1.75

1.45

1.40

1.35

1.45

1.40

1.45

2.00

1 60

1.45

1.60

1.50

1.50

Dec.

1.65

1.60

l.SO

1.85

2.50

3.65

2.60

2.25

2.05

2.05

2.20

2.00

1.85

1 f7P.

1.75

1 80

1.75

1.65

1 60

1.70

1.65

1.75

3.20

o 5Q
HALL ANDT 

HOYT. J APALACHICOLA. EIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 105

MULBERRY CHEEK NEAR COLUMBUS, GA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station June 23, 1904, 

by W. E. Hall. It is located at Mitchell's bridge, about 16 miles 

north of Columbus, Ga., and 12 miles south of Hamilton, Ga. Mulberry Creek is a tributary of Chattahoochee River, which it enters 

about 6 miles to the west of the station. Discharge measurements are 

made from the downstream side of the two-span open wooden truss 

highway bridge, resting upon stone abutments and center wooden pile 

bent. The initial point for soundings is the left end of the bridge on 

the downstream side. The channel is straight for about 50 feet above 

and 200 feet below the bridge. The current is rather sluggish above 

and swift below the station. Both banks are high and not liable to 

overflow. The right bank is clean; the left bank is wooded and covered with brush. The bed of the stream is composed of rock and 

sand. There is but one channel at all stages, broken by one wooden 

pier. The bottom is very uneven, causing the currents to change 

directions during low water. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the wooden cap of center pile bent. Its elevation is 

32.00 feet above datum.

Discharge measurements of Mulberry Creek near Columbus, Ga., in 1904.

Date.

June 23........

September 21 . .

September 21 . .

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall....

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

38

32

32

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

62

47

47

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per nee. 

0.92

.68

.70

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.40

1.23

1.23

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

58

32

33

FLINT RIVER NEAR WOODBURY, GA.

Measurements of the flow of Flint River were made during 1897 and

1898 at Moliua, Ga., but the river bed was so shifting that the station 

was discontinued on June 2, 1898. Two measurements were made in

1899 at the Macon and Birmingham Railroad bridge, near Woodbury, 

Ga., 5 miles below the Molena station. On March 29, 1900, a gage 

was put in near this bridge, and the station was reestablished.,

The gage is graduated on a 1 by 5 inch plank in 5-foot sections; the 

part reading from zero to 10 feet is attached to a willow tree on the 

left bank about 300 feet above the bridge and about 50 feet below 

Rigging's old ferry; the section reading from 10 to 15 feet is fastened 

to a sweet gum tree 50 feet from the left bank and 150 feet upstream 

from the bridge. This gage was maintained by the Georgia Geological 

Survey until November 1, 1900, when it was adopted by the United 

States Weather Bureau instead of the one at Reynolds, Ga. The
106 STKEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

observer is G. A. Wright, who is paid by the United States Weather 

Bureau. Discharge measurements are made from the Macon and 

Birmingham Railroad bridge and its trestle approaches. This is a 

two-span iron bridge, each span being 150 feet long and supported by 

brick piers. There are wooden trestle approaches about 150 feet on 

the right bank and 225 feet on the left. The initial point for soundings 

is the end of the iron bridge on the right bank, downstream side. The 

bridge and its piers are oblique to the direction of the current, and 

the bed is rough and irregular and mostl}r permanent. The channel 

above and below the station is slightly curved for 800 feet. Above 

ten feet the banks are subject to overflow for a width of 300 or 400 

feet, but all water passes beneath the bridge and its approaches.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the downstream end of the second 

and third crossbeams from the left bank end of the bridge. The elevation of this bench mark is 27.00 feet above the zero of the gage. 

Bench mark No. 2 is a cut in the hickory tree on the upstream side of 

the old ferry landing, 50 feet from the left bank of the river and about 

75 feet upstream from the gage. Its elevation is 7.00 feet above the 

zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is a copper plug set in solid rock 

on the west side of the river about 100 feet from the water and 100 

feet upstream from a point opposite the gage. Its elevation is 16.24 

feet above the zero of the gage. The zero of the gage is at an elevation of 660 feet above sea level.

The observations at the station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Flint River near Woodbury, Ga., in 1903 and 1904.

Bate.

1903.

April 22 .......

February 12".. .

March 26 .....

June 29........

July 30........

1904.

February 11 ....

February 23....

March 30 ......

July 7 .........

August 25 ......

October 4^.....

Hydrographer.

E. C. Murphv..

M. E. Hall ....

J.M.Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. K. Hall ....

F. A. Murray..

W. E. Hall ....

J. M. Giles.....

W. E. Hall ....

B. S. Drane....

J.M.Giles.....

Width.

Feet.

255

247

218

238

291

208

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

1,145

2,974

2, 104

1,042

704

690

1,350

1,478

757

694

745

345

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

2.34

5.48

4.21

1. 53

.71

.56

2.29

2.78

.82

.37

.51

.51

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.45

9.20

5.45

9 1.48

.37

.28

2.81

3.30

.74

.00

.30

- .25

Bischarge.

Second-feet.

2,679

16, 290

8, 861

1,591

503

387

3,095

4,114

620

256

383

178

"This is a flood measurement. Stage being high for this station. Results considered fairly accurate. 

* Taken from boat one-half mile above bridge.
EALL AND 

HOYT,ND ] APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 107

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Flint River near Woodbury, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

3.............. 

4.............. 

5.......... .... 

6.............. 

7..............

9

10.............. 

11.............. 

12..............

is

14..............

1 K

16..............

17..............

1 Q

19

20..............

oo

24..............

OC

27...-.-......-.

28..............

29..............

30..............

Jan.

0.50

.50

.60 

.70 

.60 

.50 

.60

.70

.80 

1.20

.90

80

.70

.80

1.30

1 50

1.40

1.2Q 

1.00

1.10

3.20

3.00

2.70

1 90

1.50

1.20

1.10

1.00

.90

Feb.

0.90

.90

.80 

.70 

.80 

.70 

.80

2.30 

2.80

2.20

2 An

1.70

1.40

1.10

1.20

1.40 

1.50

2.90

*> Kn

'^ 00

1.90

1.40

1.20

Mar.

1.50 

1.60 

2.00 

2.50

2.20

2.10

1.90 

1.50 

1 ^n

1.10

1 40

1.20

1 00

1 00

90

".90 

80

90

90

.90

.80

on

.90

.80

.90

.80

Apr.

60

.70 

.60 

.60 

.70 

.80

.90

1 90

1.40 

1.00 

80

.70

60

.60

.60

FLft

Cf)

.40

.50 

40

.40

.50

.40

50

.40

.50

.40

.40

.50

May.

.40

.50 

.60 

.50 

.50

on

.20

.30 

.30

.20

.10

.10

.10 

.10

00

00

.00

00

00

00

June.

1.10

1 f\f\

.80 

.50 

.30 

1.00 

.80

.60

CA

.40 

.40 

00

00

00

- .05a

nr.

ftPi

- .05

ft^

- .05 

.05

.05

- .05

flK

00

.40

.40

July.

.10 

.10 

.00 

.00 

.00

.10

.10 

.60 

so

.20

.20

00

- .05

.10

- .10

.10

.10 

- .05

20

.80

.20

.10

.00

.10

.20

Aug.

0.40

1.10 

1.20 

2.20 

2.10 

2 20

6.50

5.00 

5.00

3

FU1

3.00

1 "H)

90

Cfl

.40 

30

30

.30

.40

.30

.70

.10

.30

.60

.50

.30

Sept.

.10

.50 

.80 

.70 

.30

.20

.20

.10 

.00 

00

.00

.05

.10

- .10

.10

.10

- .15

- .20 

.15

- .15

- .20

- .25

.15

Oft

.20

- .20

- .25

- .25

Oct.

.25

30

- .30 

- .30 

- .30 

- .35 

- .35

- .40

- .40

- .40 

- .35 

.35

- .40

40

40

- .40

.45

- .45

- .40

- .40 

- .45

- .45

- .45

- .50

.45

.40

- .35

- .40

- .35

- .35

- .40

Nov.

-0.35

 - .20 

.00 

.00 

.10 

.00

- .10

- .05 

- .05 

.05

.10

.10

.10

.10

.00 

.00

.10

.10

.20

.20

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

Dec.

.20

.30 

.40 

.50 

.90 

.90

.70

.50

.50 

.40 

.30

.30

30

on

.30

30

.20

.20

.30

.20

.20

.40

.50

.60

1.30

1.50

1.30

1.10

«June 15 to 25 observer reported " below zero" but stated afterward that he did not think it went 

as much as 1 tenth below.
108 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PAET IV. [NO. 127. 

Rating table for Flini River near Woodbury, Get., from January 1 to December 31, 1904-

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0. 50

- .45

- .40

- .35

 .30

 .25

 .20

- .15

 .10

 .05

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

120

135

150

165

180

195

210

225

240

260

280

320

360

410

470

540

620

705

800

900

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,005

1,115

1, 225

1, 340

1, 455

1, 570

1, 685

1,800

1,920

2,040

2,160

2,280

2,400

2,520

2,640

2,760

2,890

3,020

3,150

3,280

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.00

3.10

3. 20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,410

3, 545

3,680

3,820

3, 960

4,100

4,240

4,390

4,540

4,690

4,840

5,000

5,160

5, 320

5, 480

5,650

5, 820

5, 990

6,160

6,340

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50

10.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

6,520

6,880

7,260

7,640

8, 040

8, 450

8,880

9,320

9,780

10, 260

10, 750

11, 250

11, 750

12, 250

12, 750

13, 250

14, 500

15, 750

17,000

18, 250

The above table is well defined between 0.2 feet and 4.5 feet. Above this point 

the table is based on one measurement at 9.2 feet. It is based upon discharge measurements made during 1901-1904.
HALL AND ~| 

HOYT. J APALACHICOLA RIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 109

Estimated monthly discharge of Flint River near Woodbury, Ga.,for 1904. 

[Drainage area, 988 square miles.]

Month.

March. .......................

May .........................

June .........................

July .........................

August .......................

September ................ ....

December ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,680 

3,410 

2,760 

2, 040 

1,005 

1,115 

1,005 

15, 000 

800 

195 

360 

1,570

15,000

Minimum.

540 

705 

800 

470 

280 

260 

240 

320 

180 

120 

165 

320

120

Mean.

1,207 

1,838 

1,326 

687 

394 

442 

368 

2,198 

302 

155 

295 

586

816

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.22 

1.86 

1.34 

.695 

.399 

.447 

.372 

2. 22 

.306 

.157 

.299 

.593

.826

Depth in 

inches.

1 ' 1. 41 

2.01 

1.55 

.775 

.460 

.499 

.429 

2.56 

.341 

.181 

.334 

.684

11.23

FLINT RIVER AT ALBANY, GA.

This station was originally established by the United States Weather 

Bureau on April 10, 1893, and has been maintained from that date to 

the present. The gage was washed out and replaced in 1898. It was 

again injured in 1902, and was replaced by a new gage on June 17, 

1902, which was read for the first time on June 18. The new gage 

was set seventy-five hundredth^ of a foot lower than the old gage. 

The gage as it existed prior to June 17, 1902, is described in WaterSupply Paper No. 48, page 156. R. V. Watson was employed by the 

Weather Bureau to make and set the new gage, and it appears from 

Mr. Watson's description of this gage on June 17, 1902, that a certain bench mark cut in the lower iron pier of the county bridge and 

described in Paper No. 48, above referred to, as being 10 feet above 

zero of gage, was in reality only 9 feet and 3 inches above the zero of 

the old gage. As Mr. Watson set the new gage 10 feet below this 

bench mark, its zero is 9 inches lower than that of the old gage. The 

gage heights have been corrected from January 1 to June 17, 1902, 

inclusive, to correspond with the new gage, so that one rating table 

will apply to the whole year.

The following is Mr. Watson's description of the United States 

Weather Bureau gage: The name of the bridge to which the gage is 

attached is the Dougherty County Flint River Bridge, located at
110 STBEAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Albany, Ga., about 700 feet below the Atlantic Coast Line Railway 

bridge. The gage is in three parts or sections. No. 1 is attached to 

the crib around the middle piers (the crib is filled with rocks, being 30 

by 14 feet), and extends about 3 feet above ordinary low water. This 

section reads to 4 feet above zero. It is securely spiked to the wooden 

crib. Section No. 2 is securely spiked to a green cypress tree just above 

the bridge on the west bank of the river, and reads from 2 to 17 feet 

above the zero on No. 1. No. 3 is securely spiked to a cedar post 16 

feet high, the post being put 3 feet into the firm ground. This section begins at 17 feet above the zero on No. 1 and reads to 32 feet, 

which is about 2i feet above any high water known since 1840.

A 24-inch iron top locked box chain gage belonging to the United 

States Geological Survey was put in by W. E. Hall on April 20, 1904. 

The box is securely bolted to the iron lattice of the hand railing of the 

downstream footway of the Dougherty County Bridge, near the middle part of the west span of the bridge. The graduated scale is 24 

feet long, and is bolted to the same latticework, the zero end being 

in contact with the end of the box, and the scale extending west toward 

the right bank. This gage was accurately set to correspond with' the 

bench marks previously established, and its readings agree with the 

standard portion of the Weather Bureau gage. The bottom of the box 

is 45.34 feet above the zero of the gage, and the length of the chain 

from the bottom of the weight to the marker is 47.34 feet.

Discharge measurements by the Geological Survey were begun at 

this station in 1901, and the gage height records furnished by the 

Weather Bureau have been used, except for a portion of the year 1903. 

The present observer, D. W. Brosnan, is now paid by the United 

States Weather Bureau.

Discharge measurements are made from the two-span railroad bridge 

of- the Atlantic Coast Line, which is 325 feet long, with 475 feet of 

trestle approach on the right bank and 240 feet on the left bank.

The initial point for soundings is the center of the tubular iron pier 

on the upstream side of the bridge on the left bank. The channel above 

the station is straight for about 1,000 feet and is rough. Below the 

station the channel is straight for 700 feet. The river overflows both 

banks, but only under the approaches to the bridge. The bed is constant, but is rough, and the current is irregular.

Bench mark No. 1 is a copper plug set in the downstream corner 

of the brick abutment on the right bank, under the Dougherty County 

Bridge. Its elevation is 33.81 feet above the zero of the gage. 

Bench mark No. 2 is the top of the first crossbeam from the right 

bank, upstream end of the railroad bridge. Its elevation is 43.20 feet 

above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is a chisel mark on the 

tubular pier of the wagon bridge on the right bank, downstream side.
HALL AND 

HOYT. APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. Ill

Its .elevation is 10.00 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark 

No. 4 is the top of the third granite block of the Confederate monument 

at the center of Jackson and Pine streets. This is at the bottom of the 

polished block which bears the inscription. Its elevation is 61.09 feet 

above the zero of the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Flint River at Albany, Ga., in 1903 and 1904-

Date.

1903.

May 21 ........

July 3.........

ftflTYf'plYl hf*!"1 1 X

October 14.....

1904. 

April 19 .......

June 18.... . . -. 

September 22 . .

November 15 . - 

Hydrographer.

F. A. Murray . .

M. R. Hall .....

M. R. Hall.....

.....do ........

F. A. Murray . .

W. E. Hall ....

B. S. Drane.... 

J. M. Giles .... 

...-.do ........

B. S. Drane.... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

2°7

264 

221 

221

271

271

269

269

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

4,249

5, 352

2,283

4,124

1,488

1, 757

1,677

1,373 

1,342 

1, 351

1,455 

1,428

1,384

1,353

Mean 

velocity.

Fee t per sec. 

4.38

4.32

4.03

2.34

2.92

2.67

1.54 

1.52 

1.56

2.08 

2.14

1.86

1.88

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

13.68

16.80

5.65

13.06

1.90

3.25

2.78

.25 

.20 

.20

1.11 

1.20

.63

.61

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

18, 630

23, 120

7,744

16, 640

3,484

5,035

4,474

2,111 

2,044 

2,104

3,030 

3,056

9 49Q

2, 378
112 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Flint River at Albany, Ga., for 1904-

Day.

1..............

9

3..............

4..............

5...... ........

6..............

10..............

11.............. 

13..............

14..............

15.............. 

16.............. 

17..............

18.............. 

19 .............

20. .............

99

23..............

24..............

26..............

27

28.............. 

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Jan.

5<>

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

4.4 

4.7

6.0 

6.4

7.0

6.8 

6.4

5.9 

5.8 

6.0

6.0

5.8

6.8

8.1

9

K

9.7

10.4 

10.3 

9.0

7.0

Feb.

6.3

5.9

5.6

5.2

5.0

4.7

4.8

5.2

8.8

12.9 

16.9 

19 ''

17.2

15.8

13.3 

10.5

8 j

9 3

10 9

10 9

10.4

10.1 

9.4

.......

Mar.

8.2

7.3

6.7

6.4

6.3

6.6

7.0

7.3

7 '}

7.8

8.1

S.I

6.4 

6.2 

6.2

6.1

5.8

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.2

4.1

4.5

5.0 

4.9

4.3

Apr.

4.2

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.3

4.1

T ft

5.4

5.9 

5.9

4.7

3.8 

3.4 

3.2

3.0 

2.7 

2.5

9 9

2.1 

2.0 

2.0

May.

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.4

2.5

1.9 

1.7

1.6

1.6 

1.6

1 s

1.3 

1.3

1.5 

1.9 

1 9

1.7

1.1

.6 

.5

.9

June.

0.9

1.5

2.6

2.7

1.9

1.5

1.3 

1.1

1.3

1.0

.7

.6 

.5 

.4

9

9

.1

.3

.5

.5

.4

.3 

.3

July.

0.5

1.5

1.5

1.1

.8

.6

.5

.5 

.4

.4

.7

1.1

1.4 

1.0

.5 

.4

9

9

.2

.4

.9

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.2 

1.0

1.0

Aug.

1.1

1.6

1.6

5.5

5.9

5.6

6.4 

7.2

7.8

8.3 

9.4 

10.8

13.1 

13.2 

12.1

8.0 

4.9 

4.7

o 9

2.5

2.1

2.0

2.0

9 O

2.8

4.0 

4.1

6.4

Sept.

5.3

3.1

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.7

2.3 

2.3

1.9

1.5 

1.1 

1.0

.7

.6 

.6 

.5

.4 

.4 

.3

9

9

2

0

.1

.1

.0 

.0 

.0

Oct.

-0.1

- .1

- .1

_ 2

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

9

- .2 

_ g

- .3

- .3

- .3 

- .3 

.3

- .4 

_ ^

- .4

- .4

- .4

- .4

- .4

-- .5

- .5

_ R

- .4 

- .4

- .3

Nov.

-0.3

- .3

_ 9

.1

.5

.8

.9

.8 

.6

.4

.?. 

.3 

.4

1.1 

1.2 

1.1

.9

.8 

.7

.0

.9

1.1

1.1

1.0

.9 

.7 

.6

Dec.

0.5

.6

.7

1.6

2.8

3.6

3.6

3.5 

3.4

3.1

2.6 

2.4 

2.0

1.8

1.6 

1.5 

1.4

1.4 

1.5 

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.6 

2.3

4.1
HAHOYTND] APALACHICOLA -RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 113

Sating table for Flint River at Albany, Ga., from January 1 to December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.50

- .40

- .30

- .20

- .10

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,480

1, 560

1,645

1,730

1,815

1,900

1, 985

2,070

2,155

2,240

2,330

2,420

2,510

2,600

2,690

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.50

4. 00

4.50

5.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,780

2,960

3,140

3, 330

3, 520

3, 710

3,900

4, 100

4,300

4, 500

4,700

5, 225

5, 750

6,300

6,850

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

9.50

10.00

10. 50

11.00

11.50

12. 00

12. 50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

7,425

8,000

8, 575

9,150

9,725

10, 300

10, 900

11,500

12, 100

12, 700

13, 350

14, 000

14,675

15, 350

16, 050

Gage 

height.

Feet.

13.00

13. 50

14.00

14.50

15.00

15. 50

16.00

16.50

17.00

17.50

18.00

18. 50

19.00

19.50

20.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

16, 750

17, 525

18,300

19, 150

20,000

20, 850

21, 700

22, 550

23, 400

24, 300

25, 200

26, 100

27, 000

27, 950

28, 900

The above table is based upon eighteen discharge measurements made during 

1902-K04. It is well denned between gage heights 0.0 foot and 6 feet. Above 6 

feet the table is approximate.

Estimated monthly discharge of Flint River at Albany, Ga., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 5,000 square miles.]

Month.

Jammry ......................

April. ........................

May ..........................

June .........................

July..........................

October ......................

November ,....r.. ............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13, 220 

27, 380 

10, 540 

7,885 

4,200 

4,400 

3,235 

17, 060 

7,195 

1, 815 

2,960 

5,860

27, 380

Minimum.

5, 645 

6, 520 

5,860 

3,710 

2,330 

1, 985 

2,070 

2,870 

1,900 

1,480 

1,645 

2,330

1,480

Mean.

8,553 

13, 550 

8,068 

5,175 

3,215 

2,683 

2,587 

7,949 

2,872 

1,629 

2,457 

3, 723

5,205

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.71 

2.71 

1.61 

1.04 

.643 

.537 

.517 

1.69 

.574 

.326 

.491 

.745

1.04

Depth in 

inches.

1.97 

2.92 

1.86 

1.16 

.741 

.599 

.596 

1.83 

.640 

.376 

.548 

.859

14.10

IRR 127 05-
114 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

BIG POTATO CREEK NEAR THOMASTON, GA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. It is located 

at the highway bridge, about 5 miles southwest of Thomaston, Ga., 

200 yards above Daniel's old gristmill. Discharge measurements 

are made from the downstream side of the single-span iron bridge, 

which has trestle approaches of about 100 feet at each end. The 

initial point for soundings is the left end of the bridge on the downstream side. The channel is curved for aboiit 200 feet above and 

straight for 300 feet below the station. The current is swift, except 

at very low stages. Both banks are subject to occasional overflow. 

The bed of the stream is composed of rock and gravel, free from 

vegetation, and probably constant. There is but one channel at all 

stages, broken during the higher water by the piers of the bridge. 

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the downstream end of the first floor 

beam from the left bank. Its elevation is 23.00 feet above datum. 

Bench mark No. 2 is a chisel mark on the intermediate post at the 

downstream end of the second floor beam. Its elevation is 28.00 feet 

above datum.

Discharge menmrements of Big Potato Creel; near Thomastun, Ga., in 1904-

Date.

March 31 ...... 

May 24........

July 6 .........

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ..... 

M. R. Hall .....

W. E. Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles .....

.....do ........

Width.

Pert. 

87 

85

80

75

75

80

40

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

212 

165

132

124

124

111

36

Mean 

velocity.

Fed per sec. 

0.77 

.36

.46

.40

.38

.38

1.41

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.32 

1.75

1.80

1.74

1.72

1.69

1.70

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

164 

60

61

49

47

43

50

MUCKALEE CREEK NEAR ALBANY, GA.

This station was established as a temporary station March 9, 1903, 

by F. A. Murray. It is located at the wagon bridge 3 miles north of 

Albany, Ga., and a short distance below the mouth of Kinchafoonee 

Creek. The gage is a vertical rod of 1 by 1 inch board nailed to a 

scantling, fastened to a tree on the left bank just above the bridge, 

and reads from zero to M feet. During 1903 it was read once each 

day by T. M. Nelson. Discharge measurements are made from the 

single-span highway bridge and its approaches. The initial point for 

soundings is the river side of the iron pier on the right bank, downstream side of the bridge. The channel is straight for 300 feet above 

the station and for 200 feet below. The current is regular and of
HALL AND 

HOYT. [APALACHICOLA EIVBH DRAINAGE BASIN. 115

moderate velocity. Both banks are high and will not overflow. The 

bed is rocky and probably permanent. The river flows in one channel 

at all stages. Backwater from Flint River affects the discharge at 

high stages.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the upstream pier on the right bank; 

its elevation is 27.65 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark 

No. 2 is a copper plug set in a rock on the right bank about -i() feet 

below the bridge. Its elevation is 11.91 feet above the zero of the 

gage. The station was discontinued December 31, 1903, but has been 

 maintained as a bench-mark station during 190-i.

The observations at this station during 1901 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Murkalee Creek near Albany, Oa., in 1903 and 1904-

Date.

1903.

March 6 .......

May 22........

July 2 .........

September 19 . .

October 15.... .

December 22. ..

1904.

April 22 .......

September 22 . .

November 16 ..

Hydrographer.

F. A. Murray . .

M. R. Hall.....

F. A. Murray..

.....do ........

M. RHall.....

F. A. Murray ..

W. E. Hall....

B. S. Drane....

J. M. Giles....

B. 8. Drane....

Width.

Feet.

80

80

76

90

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

992

1,005

582

907

364

462

443

350

338

391

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

5.18

2.81

2.53

4.62

1.76

2.90

2.37

1.20

1.35

2.13

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.60

7.40

1.88

6 22

.72

1 59

1.45

.33

.35

.95

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5,141

2,829

1,473

4,195

644

1,343

1,051

419

455

832

KINCHAFOONEE CREEK NEAR ALBANY, GA.

This station was established as a temporary station March 9, 1903, 

by F. A. Murray. It is located at the wagon bridge 3 miles north of 

Albany, Cla., 200 feet below the Central of Georgia Railroad bridge 

and about one-half mile above the mouth of the creek. The gage is 

a vertical rod fastened to the cypress tree on the left bank 100 feet 

above the bridge, and reads from zero to 10 feet. During 1903 it was 

read once daily by T. M. Nelson. Discharge measurements are made 

from the single-span highway bridge and its approaches, which cross 

the river at an angle to the direction of the current. The initial point 

for soundings is the center of the iron pier on the left bank, downstream side. The channel is curved both above and below the station. 

Both banks are high and all water passes beneath the bridge and its 

approaches. The bed is probably somewhat shifting.
116 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the crossbeam 30 feet from the 

initial point for soundings on the upstream side of the bridge. Its 

elevation is 26.52 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 

is a copper plug set in a rock on the left bank about 25 feet below the 

bridge. Its elevation is 6.97 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench 

mark No. 3 is the top of the iron pier on the left bank, upstream side. 

Its elevation is 26.37 feet above the zero of the gage. The station 

was discontinued December 31, 1903, but has been maintained as a 

bench-mark station during 1904.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrograpber.

Discharge measurement? of Kinrhafoonee Creek near Albany, (.At., in 1903 and 1904-

Dat3.

1903. 

March 6 .......

May 22........

July 2.........

September 19 . .

1904. 

June 18.. ......

September 22 . . 

November 16 ..

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall .....

F. A. Murray . . .

.....do ........

M. R. Hall .....

B. S. Drane ....

J. M. Giles ..... 

B. S. Drane ....

Width.

Feet.

88

66 

89

Area of 

section.

Square fert.

973

721

650

833

581

667

594

462 

649

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per ,wc. 

3.99

2.33

1.45

2.46

.73

1.27

.43

.64

.87

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.28

3. 32

1.84

3.29

.98

1.76

.62

.65 

1.12

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

3,886

1,682

944

2, 051

422

851

258

296 

535

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN APALACHICOLA RIVER DRAINAGE

BASIN

The following is a list of miscellaneous discharge measurements 

made in Apalachicola River drainage basin during 1904:

Deep Greek near Glarksville, Ga. This stream is a tributaiy of 

Soque River. A measurement was made May 13 from the wooden 

bridge on Burton road, about 3 miles from Clarksville.

Width, 25 feet; area, 26 square feet; mean velocity, 1.58 feet per second; discharge, 

41 second-feet.

Bearerdani Creek near ClarksviHe, Ga. This stream is a tributary 

of Soque River, entering from the right. A measurement was made 

May 13 from the bridge about 1 mile from Clarksville, on the road to 

Nacoochee, Ga. The bench mark is the top of the brace from handrail to large birch on the upper side of the bridge at the right bank, 

12.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 22 feet; area, 12 square feet; mean velocity, 1.50 feet per second; gage 

height, 0.45 feet; discharge, 18 second-feet.
HAHOYTND] APALAOHIOOLA RIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 117

'Hazel Creek, near Dei/wrest, Ga. This stream is a tributary of 

Soque River, entering from the left. A measurement was made May 

13 from the bridge 1 mile from Demorest, on the road to Porter Mills. 

The bench mark is the top of the upper end of second floorbeam from 

the right bank, 15.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 25 feet; area, 30 square feet; mean velocity, 1.47 feet per second; gage 

height, 1.85 feet; discharge, 44 second-feet.

Six/lie Biver near Glarksville, Ga. Measurements were made from 

Wall's bridge, 2£ miles above Clarksville. The bench mark is the top 

of a nail driven into a large leaning birch tree about 20 feet above the 

bridge on the left bank, 6.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

March 17: Width, 36 feet; area, 65 square feet; mean velocity, 1.83 feet per second; 

gage height, 1.35 feet; discharge, 119 second-feet.

March 17: Width, 36 feet; area, 63 square feet; mean velocity, 1.82 feet per second; 

gage height, 1.35 feet; discharge, 115 second-feet.

May 13: Width, 36 feet; area, 62 square feet; mean velocity, 1.92 feet per second; 

gage height, 1.45 feet; discharge, 119 second-feet.

Soque jRhvr near Cornelia, 6V. Measurements were made at 

McHalister's bridge, about 7 miles from Cornelia and 1 mile above 

the mouth of the river. The bench mark is the top of the downstream 

end of the first wooden floor beam from the left bank, 22.00 feet above 

the datum of the gage.

March 18: Width, 74 feet; area, 152 square feet; mean velocity, 1.62 feet per second; 

gage height, 1.85 feet; discharge, 246 second-feet.

July 16: Width, 72 feet; area, 88 square feet; mean velocity, 1.47 feet per second; 

gage height, 1.25 feet; discharge, 130 second-feet.

Rottenwood Creek near Viningx, Ga. This stream enters Chattahoochee River from the right. Measurements were made by wading 

at a point about 200 feet above the old Thorn ton dam, and 2 miles 

above the mouth of the creek. The creek was believed to be at its 

lowest stage. The bench mark is a nail driven into rock on the right 

bank at the measuring section, marked '"B. M." Its elevation is 3.00 

feet above the datum of the gage.

October 4: Width, 9 feet; area, 6 square feet; mean velocity, 0.84 foot per second; 

gage height, 0.26 foot; discharge, 4.8 second-feet.

October 4: Width, 9 feet; area, 6 square feet; mean velocity, 0.82 foot per second; 

gage height; 0.26 foot; discharge, 4..9 second-feet.

October 4: Width, 9 feet; area, 6 square feet; mean velocity, 0.72 foot per second; 

gage height, 0.25 foot; discharge, 4.3 second-feet.

North Fork of Peachtree Greek near Armour, Ga. A measurement 

was made May 20, from the Cheshire Bridge, li miles above the 

Southern Railway bridge at Armour, Ga. The bench mark is the top 

of a bent nail in the bottom of the twelfth rail post from the right 

end of the bridge, 16.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 11 feet; area, 14 square feet; mean velocity, 1.71 feet per second; 

height, 0.90 foot; discharge, 24 second-feet.
118 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Pea/vine Greek near Armour, Ga. This stream is the South Fork of 

Peachtree Greek. A measurement was made May 20, from the wooden 

bridge on the Cheshire Bridge road, about 1 mile east of Armour, 

Ga. The bench mark is the top of the head of the upper bolt used to 

bolt the second rail post from the right end of the bridge to the stringer 

at the lower side of the bridge. Its elevation is 16.00 feet above the 

datum of the gage.

Width, 14 feet; area, 13 square feet; mean velocity, 1.23 feet per second; gage 

height, 0.85 foot; discharge, 16 second-feet.

Peachtree Creel' at Armour, Ga. This stream is a tributary of Chattahoochee River. A measurement was made May 20 from the Southern Railway bridge. The bench mark is the top of the middle stringer 

at its center on the downstream side of the bridge, 15.00 feet above the 

datum of the gage.

Width, 27 feet; area, 27 square feet; mean velocity, 1.22 feet per second; gage 

height, 0.17 foot; discharge, 33 second-feet.

Peachtree Creel near Brookwood, Ga. Measurements were made at 

the wagon bridge 1 mile north of Brookwood, on the Peachtree road, 

and 6 miles north of Atlanta, Ga. The bench mark is the top of the 

iron plate on the first upright from the right end of the bridge, downstream side, 28.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

May 20: Width, 43 feet; area, 25 square feet; mean velocity, 1.52 feet per second; 

gage height, 0.68 foot; discharge, 38 second-feet.

April 9: Width, 44 feet; area, 37 square feet; mean velocity, 1.54 feet per second; 

gage height, 1.12 feet; discharge, 57 second-feet.

Nickajack Creek near Nickajack, Ga. This stream enters Chattahoochee River from the right, about 1 mile below the old gaging station at Oakdale, Ga. The bench mark is the top of the second upstream 

iron girder from the left end of the bridge, 12 feet from the end 

which rests on the center pier, 15.00 feet above the datum of the gage. 

Measurements were made by wading about 100 feet above the Southern Railway bridge.

OctoberS: Width, 16 feet; area, 10 square feet; mean velocity, 1.00 foot per second; 

gage height, 0.92 foot; discharge, .10 second-feet.

October 8: Width, 16 feet; area, 11 square feet; mean velocity, 1.19 feet per second; 

gage height, 0.94 foot; discharge, 12.6 second-feet.

Sweetwater Creel near Lithia Springs, Ga. This stream enters Chattahoochee River from the right below the old station at Oakdale, Ga. 

A measurement was made March 15 at Adair's bridge, 2 miles north of 

Lithia Springs, and above the regular station on Sweetwater Creek 

near AusteH, Ga. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end 

of the cap of first wooden bent from the left end of the bridge, 10.00 

feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 66 feet; area, 295 square feet; mean velocity, 1.37 feet per second; gage 

height, 1.50 feet; discharge, 404 second-feet.
HAHOYTND ] APALACHICOLA BIVEH DRAINAGE BASIN. 119

Sweet-water Creek near Austell, Ga. A measurement was made 

March 15 at Ferguson's mill bridge 5 miles from Austell. The bench 

mark is a nail driven into the river side of a birch tree on the right 

bank 12 feet below the bridge, 5.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 129 feet; area, 484 square feet; mean velocity, 1.67 feet per second; gage 

height, 1.50 feet; discharge, 807 second-feet.

Flint River near Montesuma, Ga. A measurement was made September 21 at the highway bridge, about 1 mile northwest of Montezuma. The bench mark is the top of the upstream pier at th.e left 

bank, which was 26.15 feet above the water surface. The gage height 

given is that taken from the temporary gage belonging to the United 

States Weather Bureau.

Width, 188 feet; area, 1,300 square feet; mean velocity, 0.75 foot per second; gage 

height, 10.63 feet; discharge, 971 second-feet.

Flint River near Concord, Ga. A measurement was made September 24 from the wooden bridge 5 miles from Concord. The bench 

mark is the top of the first post from the right bank on the downstream side of the bridge, 12.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 92 feet; area, 184 square feet; mean velocity, 0.43 foot per second; gage 

height, 2.05 feet; discharge, 79 second-feet.

Flint River near Woodbury, Ga. Measurements were made at 

Poweirs bridge, 3 miles above the regular gaging station at Woodbiny. The bench mark is the top of the right upstream post of first 

pier from the right bank, 15.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

January 16: Width, 139 feet; area, 527 square feet; mean velocity, 1.39 feet per 

second; gage height, 5.88 feet; discharge, 730 second-feet.

September 22: Width, 116 feet; area, 332 square feet; mean velocity, 0.43 foot per 

second; gage height, 4.54 feet; discharge, 144 second-feet.

October 4: Width, 115 feet; area, 314 square feet; mean velocity, 0.34 foot per 

second; gage height, 4.40 feet; discharge, 107 second-feet.

White Oak Greek near Riverview, Ga. This stream enters Flint 

River from the right, about 13 miles above the regular gaging station 

on Flint River at Wood bury, Ga. A measurement was made March 

29 at the double bridges one-half mile from Riverview. The bench 

mark is the top of the first post, 9.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 61 feet; area, 222 square feet; mean velocity, 0.50 feet per second; gage 

height, 2.36 feet; discharge, 112 second-feet.

White Oak Greek near Warnersville, Ga. A measurement was 

made March 29 at the wagon bridge one-half mile west of Warnersville. The bench mark is the top of the first post on the downstream 

side of the bridge, 13.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 38 feet; area, 163 square feet; mean velocity, 0.71 foot per perond; gage 

height, 1.25 feet; discharge, 115 second-feet.

Red Oak Creek near Woodhury, Ga. -This stream is tributary to 

Flint River, from the right, 3 miles above the regular gaging- station
120 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, TART IV. [NO. 127.

on Flint River at Woodbury. The bench mark is the top of the first 

post from the right-bank edge, downstream side, 15 feet from a large 

white oak tree. Its elevation is 20.00 feet above the datum of the 

gage. Measurements have been made from the wagon bridge on 

the road to Concord, about 4 miles from Woodbury, 1 mile above the 

mouth of the creek, as follows:

January 16: Width, 68 feet; area, 134 square feet; mean velocity, 1.24 feet per second; gage height, 4.12 feet; discharge, 166 second-feet.

October 4: Width, 18 feet; area, 27 square feet; mean velocity, 0.68 foot per second; 

^age height, 2.65 feet; discharge, 18 second-feet.

Jjig Potato Creek near Thouiastoa, Ga. Before the section now 

adopted as a regular bench-mark station was found, two measurements 

of Big Potato Creek were made at the covered wagon bridge, 2^ miles 

from Thornaston, just below the Macon and Birming'ham Railroad 

trestle. The bench mark is the top of the downstream lower stringer 

at sounding point 80. The elevation above gage zero is 15.00 feet.

January 15: Width, 82 feet; area, 188 square feet; mean velocity, 0.85 feet per 

second; gage height, 3.30 feet; discharge, 160 second-feet.

March 31: Width, 72; area, 175 square feet; mean velocity, 0.74 feet per second; 

gage height, 3.25 feet; discharge, 130 second-feet.

Blue Spring near Albany, Ga, This spring is of considerable local 

note. It is about one-half mile from the left bank of Flint River, and 

about ± miles below Albany, Ga. Measurements were made from the 

foot log over the outlet of the main spring as follows:

April 19: Width, 25 feet; area, 45 square feet; mean velocity, 3.00 feet per second; 

gage height, 3.29 feet; discharge, 135 second-feet.

September 23: Width, 28 feet; area, 30 square feet; mean velocity, 1.47 feet per 

second; gage height, 2.85 feet; discharge, 44 second-feet.

November 16: AVidth, 22 feet; area, 21 square feet; mean velocity, 1.24 feet per 

second; gage height, 2.77 feet; discharge, 26.4 second-feet.

CHOCTAWHATCHEE DRAINAGE BASIN.

Choctawhatchee River drains the southeastern part of Alabama, and 

that portion of Florida lying immediately south. The main river rises 

in Barbour County, Ala., a short distance west of Eufaula, Ala., and 

flows in a southwesterly and southerly direction through the Choctawhatchee Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. Pea River is the principal tributary and enters from the west at Geneva, Ala. This branch is the 

longer of the two, measured above their junction, having its head in 

Bullock County near Union Springs, Ala. Double Bridges Creek is 

an important but small tributary lying between the main branches, 

and entering Choctawhatchee River just above the mouth of Pea River. 

These are all moderately swift streams, even at low water, and at places 

the fall is sufficient to make considerable shoals or rapids, and offer 

practicable sites for water-power developments. During 1904 the
HAHOYTND ] CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 121

United States Geological Survey established and maintained gaging 

stations on Choctawhatchee River near Geneva, Ala.; on Pea River at 

Pera, Ala., and on Double Bridges Creek at Geneva, Ala.

CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER NEAR GENEVA, ALA.

This station was established August 26, 1904, by M. R. Hall. It is 

located at a wagon bridge about 1 mile from Geneva and one-fourth 

mile from Euuola, Ala. The gage is an 8-foot vertical scale, graduated 

to feet and tenths, reading from 1 to 9 feet, and continued on the 2 

by 6 inch scantling to which it is attached. This scantling is fastened 

to the upstream side of a heavy pile, which was a part of the right bent 

of the old bridge which occupied the same site as the new one. This 

pile is the second from the downstream end of a line of 5 set up and 

down stream. The gage is read once each day by James McGowan. 

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the 

three-span iron drawbridge, having about 50 feet of trestle approach 

on either end. The initial point for soundings is the left end of the 

iron bridge on the downstream side. The channel is straight for 200 

feet above and for one-half mile below the bridge. The current has 

a fair velocity. The right bank is a sand bluff about 27 feet high. 

There are a few trees on the face of the bluff and the top is wooded. 

The left bank is an overhanging rock cliff to a height of about 10 feet, 

above which it is sandy and slopes gradually to a total height of about 

27 feet. Both banks are subject to overflow. The bed of the stream 

is composed of firm sand for the greater part, there being some rock at 

the left bank, and is clean and permanent. There is one channel at all 

but very high stages, when both banks overflow, and a second channel 

is formed by lower ground some distance from river on the right bank. 

The station is about three-fourths mile above the mouth of Double 

Bridges Creek and is also near the junction with Pea River. Backwater from both of these streams will affect the gage heights during 

times of unequal rise, and the station is maintained only temporarily 

for low-water measurements. Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the 

downstream end of the fourth floor beam from the right end of the 

bridge, this being the first beanr from the left end of the span. Its 

elevation is 32.00 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 

is a large wire nail in the river side of a cypress tree on the right bank, 

about 140 feet below the bridge. Its elevation is 12.07 feet above the 

zero of the gage.

The station was discontinued 011 December 31, 1904.
122 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Discharge measurements of Choctawhatchee River near Geneva, Ala., in 1904.

Date.

May 27 ........

June 21.. ...... 

August 26......

September 26 . . 

September 26 . .

November 18 . . 

November 18 ..

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall .....

B. S. Drane .... 

M. R. Hall.....

J. M. Giles ..... 

.....do ........

B. S. Drane .... 

.....do ........

Width.

Feel. 

Ill

117 

120

102 

102

118 

118

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

418

369 

801

322 

313

395 

397

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.54

1.26 

1.34

1.50

1.47

1.62 

1.60

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.07

1.63

4.18

1.38 

1.36

1.81 

1.81

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

642

464

1,073

483 

461

643 

635

Mean daily gage height, infect, of Choctawhatchee River near Geneva, Ala., for 1904-

Day.

1 ............

2......

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10 :...........

11 ............

12 ............

13............

14............

15 ............

16 ............

Aug.

.......

Sept.

3.50

3.30

2.85

2.45

2.50

2.75

2.80

3.20

2.90

2.45

2.10

2.00

1.90

1.80

Oct.

1.40

1.50

1.30

1.25

1.30

1.30

1.45

1.55

1.45

1 30

1.30

1.30

1.35

1.30

1.25

1.25

Nov.

1.25

1.40

2.05

o 4Q

2.10

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.75

1 60

1.65

1.50

1.95

2.20

1.95

1 90

Dec.

1.85

2.40

6.10

5

KA

4.95

5.75

4.45

3.85

3.50

3.40

3.20

2.90

2.85

2.80

2

Krt

Day.

17............

18............

19............

'20............

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28..... ......

29............

30............

31............

Aug.

4.20

4.30

5.80

6.20

4.50

3.90

Sept.

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.65

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.60

1.55

1.40

1.45

1.50

1.45

1.45

.......

Oct.

1.15

1.20

1.30

1.25

1.30

1.25

1.10

1.10

1.25

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.25

Nov.

1.85

1.90

1.75

1 SO

1.70

1.85

2.40

2.30

2.10

2.00

1.90

1.75

1.80

1.80

.......

Dec.

2.70

2.90

2. 80

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.50

2. 50

2.55

4.40

6.90

5.50

5.40

5.45

DOUBLE BRIDGES CREEK AT GENEVA, ALA.

This station was established August 26, 1904, by M. R. Hall. It is 

located at the wagon bridge on the outskirts of Geneva, Ala., about 

three-fourths mile above the mouth of the creek. The gage is a vertical scale 9 feet long graduated to feet and tenths bolted to a 2-inch 

by 6-inch scantling which is spiked to the upstream side of a cypress 

tree on the left bank about 100 feet below the bridge. It is read once 

each day by James McGowan. Discharge measurements are made 

from the upstream side of the single span, iron bridge to which the 

gage is attached. The initial point for soundings is the upstream side 

of the left end of the iron bridge. The channel is curved for about 

200 feet above, and straight for about 600 feet below the station. The 

current has a good velocity. Both banks are about 15 or 17 feet high, 

wooded except at bridge, and are subject to overflow. The bed of
HALL AND"] 

HOYT. J CHOCTAWHATCHEE EIVEE DKAINAGE BASIN. 123

the stream is composed of sand, and is clean except near the right 

bank where a half buried tree forms an obstruction. There is but 

one channel at all stages.

During high water the gage heights are affected by back water 

from Choctawhatchee River, and the station is maintained only temporarily for low-water measurements. Bench mark No. 1 is the bottom 

of the upstream end of the first floor beam from the left end of the 

bridge. Its elevation is 19.80 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench 

mark No. 2 is a chisel cut and white paint mark on the intermediate 

post 6 feet above bench mark No. 1. Its elevation i« 25.80 feet above 

the zero of the gage.

Discharge measurements of Double Bridges Creek at Geneva, Ala., in 1904.

Date.

May 27.. ......

June 21. .......

August 26......

September 26 . .

September 26 . .

November 18 . .

November 18 . .

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall....

B. S. Drane....

M. R. Hall....

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

B. S. Drane....

.....do .........

Width.

Feet.

45

45

62

47

47

49

49

Area of 

section.

Squarefeet.

90

81

244

78

94

83

94

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

1.38

1.22

2.59

1.08

1.22

1.22

1.22

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.61

1.24

4.63

1.45

1.82

1.52

1.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

124

99

633

84

115

101

115

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Double Bridges Creek at Geneva, Ala., for 1904.

' Day.

1. ...........

2.. ..........

3. ...........

4. ...........

5............

6............ 

7............

8............

9............

10 ............

11............ 

12............

1 3

14............

15............

16............

Aug. Sept.

3.10

2.60

2.20

2.10

2.10

2.40 

2.60

2.86

1.85

1.90

1.80 

1.60

1.40

1.50

1.30

1.40

Oct.

1.35

1.25

1.00

1.00

1.30

1.05 

1.45

1.70

1.05

1.15

1.15 

1.05

1.15

1.10

.85

1.10

Nov.

1.45

1.80

2.70

2.70

2.10

1.70 

1.65

1.40

1.30

1.15

1.40 

1.45

2.40

2.05

1.75

1.60

Dec.

3.35

4.80

5.40 

4 30

2.95

2.50

2.75

2.60 

2.50

2.00

2.10

2.15

° 05

Day.

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............ 

23............

24............

26 ...........

27............

28............

29............

30............

31 ............

Aug.

.......

4.90 

5.50

3.00

3.00

Sept.

1.40

1 65

1.75

1.30

1.30

1.20

1.55

1.35

1.45

1.25

1.40 

1.30

i ^n

1.35

Oct.

.90

1.10

1.20

1.05

.85

' .90 

1.10

.90

1.00

.90

1.05 

1.10

i ^tn

1.40

1.10

Nov.

1.60

1.70

1.40

1.60

1.60

1.70 

2.45

2.30

1.90

1.45

1.75 

1.15

1.70

1.60

Dec.

2.35

2.60

2.30

2.00

1.95

2.05 

1.90

2.10

1.90

2.05

2.05 

4.80

3.30

2.60

PEA RIVER AT PERA, ALA.

This station was established August 27,190i, by M. R. Hall. It is 

located at the Elton wagon bridge, about one-half mile west of Pera,
124 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Ala., a station on the Georgiana and Graceville Branch of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. A chain gage is fastened to the top plank 

of the upstream fencing of the bridge, with the pulle}7 end of the box 

abutted against the intermediate post over the second floor beam from 

the right bank. The scale is attached to the top of the plank. The 

length of the chain from the end of the weight to the marker is 48.20 

feet. The gage is read once each day by W. G-. Early, who is paid by 

the Alabama Geological Survey. Discharge measurements are made 

from the downstream side of the single-span bridge to which the gage is 

attached. The initial point for soundings is the outside of the down 

stream tubular iron pier at the right bank. The channel curves to 

the left about 150 feet above the station, which tends to throw the 

greatest current velocity along the right bank, and is straight below 

the station for about 1,000 feet. The current has a fair velocity. 

The right bank is composed of rock, vertical for about 20 feet from 

low-water level, and is free from vegetation. The left bank is composed of sand and mud, rising gradually. It is wooded above and 

below, but cleared at the bridge. Both banks are subject to overflow 

during extreme high water. The bed of the stream is composed of 

smooth rock toward the right bank and sand toward the left. There 

is one channel at all stages. Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the downstream end of the first floor beam from the right pier. Its elevation 

is 42.00 feet above gage datum. Bench mark No. 2 is a chisel mark 

on the intermediate post at downstream end of the first floor beam 

from right bank, 5 feet above bench mark No. 1. Its elevation is 

47.00 feet above the datum of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is the top 

of the upstream end of the second floor beam from the right bank. 

Its elevation is 42.03 feet above the datum of the gage. Bench mark 

No. 4 is a chisel mark on the post 4.97 feet above bench mark No. 3. 

Its elevation is 47.00 feet above gage datum.

Discharge measiirememte of Pen Riivr at Pent, Ala., in 1904.

Date.

May 26........

June 22........

August 27 ......

September 27

September 27 . .

November 17 ..

November 17 ..

H yd rographer.

M. R Hall....

M. R. Hall ....

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

B. S. Drane....

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

68

67

81

64

64

70

70

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

319

263

446

161

157

204

206

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

0.89

.74

1.77

1.18

1.20

1.50

1.49

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2 47

1.80

4.66

1.59

1.60

2.32

2.34

Discharge.

Second -fett.

285

194

790

190

189

307

308
HALL AND 

HOYT,ND] ESCAMBIA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 125

Mean daily yaye height, infect., of Pea Hirer at Pera, Ala., for 1904-

Day.

1. ...........

2 ............

3............ 

4............

5............

6............ 

7............

8 ............

9............

10 ............

11............

12............

13 ............

14............

15............

16............

Aug. Sept.

a *}

4.5

3.9 

3.3

3.5

3.6 

4.6

4.8

3.7

i .1

3.0

2.4

o -^

Oct.

1.6

1.4

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.4 

2.1

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

Nov.

1 <j

1.4

2.0

0 1

2.2 

2 1

1 9

1.8

2.3

9 S

Dec.

>> o

3.2

5.3 

4.4

6.1

7.6 

6.1

5.4

4 5

4 >

4.0

3.7

3

R

3.4

3

Q

Day.

17............

19............ 

20. ...........

27............

°9

30

Aug.

4.7

C.9

7.5

6.2

Sept.

2

Q

2.1

1.9 

1.5

1.6

1.8 

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

Oct.

1 Q

1.3

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.3

1.2

1 ^

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

'Nov.

2.2

2.1

9 "<

2.1

2.3 

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

') >

Dec.

Q 0

3.4

3.5 

3.4

3.3

3.3

3

0

4 9

7.6

7.0

ESCAMBIA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Escanibia River drains the south-central portion of Alabama and 

empties into the Gulf of Mexico through Escambiac Bay and Pensacola 

Bay. Conecuh River joins the Escambia about 5 miles south of the 

"Alabama-Florida State line, and is very much the larger of the two 

branches. Conecuh River rises in Bullock County, Ala., very close to 

the headwaters of Pea River in the Choctawhatchee drainage, and 

flows southwesterly throughout its course. Pigeon and Patsaliga 

creeks, both from the west, are the principal tributaries of Conecuh 

River. The Conecuh and its tributaries are swift streams and at 

places there are rocky shoals or rapids. During 1904 the United 

States Geological Survey established and maintained a gaging station 

on Conecuh River at Beck, near Andalusia, Ala.

CONECUH RIVER AT BECK, ALA.

This station was established August 24, 11WM, by M. R. Hall. It is 

located at Simmons Bridge at Beck, Ala., and about 12 miles below 

the mouth of Patsaliga Creek. The nearest railway station is Andalusia, Ala., 8 miles east, on the Central of Georgia and Louisville and 

Nashville railways. A chain gage is fastened to the channel-iron fencing post which is riveted to the upstream end of the first floor beam of 

the main span, 72 feet from the initial point for soundings. The gage 

box and scale are bolted to a 2-inch by 6-inch scantling, which is bolted 

horizontally to this post and the main end post. The length of the 

chain from the end of the weight to the marker is 53.50 feet. The 

gage is read once each day by VV. R. Duggan, who is paid by the Ala
126 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

bama Geological Survey. Discharge measurements are made from 

the upstream side of the iron bridge to which the gage is attached. 

The bridge consists of a main span 125 feet long with a 50-foot span at 

each end. The approach on the right bank is 50 feet of wooden and 

90 feet of iron trestle; on the left bank, 20 feet of wooden trestle. 

The initial point for soundings is the end of the iron bridge at the left 

bank on the upstream side. The channel is straight for 600 feet 

above and for about one-half mile below the station. The current is 

fairly swift. Both banks are steep. The right bank is composed of 

rock to a height of about 8 feet, then earth covered with bushes to a 

total height of about 30 feet, and is subject to overflow. The left 

bank is composed of rock to a height of from 15 to 20 feet, then earth 

covered with bushes to a total height of about 35 feet, and overflows only 

at extreme high water. The bed of the stream is composed of tine 

sand, there being some smooth rock along the left bank. There are 

some sunken logs in the section which obstruct the current to some 

extent. There is one channel at all stages. Bench mark No. 1 is the 

top of the upstream end of the first iron floor beam of the main span 

from the left pier. Its elevation is 47.50 feet above gage datum. 

Bench mark No. 2 is the top of the iron channel-bar post to which the 

gage is fastened. Its elevation is 52.17 feet above the zero of the gage.

Discharge measurements of Conecuh River at Bed; Ala., in 1904-

Date.

May 26........

June 24........

September 28 . . 

September 28 . .

November 19 . .

Hydrographer.

M. E,. Hall.....

B. S. Drane. ...

M. R. Hall.....

J. M. Giles .... 

.....do ........

B. S. Drane.... 

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

110

109

115

108 

108

111 

111

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

274

231

392

232 

237

245 

245

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.17

1.03

1.50

1.06 

1.03

1.19 

1.18

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.67

1.18

2.63

1.20 

1.20

1.40 

1.40

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

320

238

588

245 

244

292 

290
HALL AND 

HOYT,ND] MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 127

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Conecuh River at Beck, Ala., for 1904.

Bay.

1 ............

o

3............

4 ............

5............

6 ............

7 ............

8............

9............

10............

11 ............

12 ............

13 ............

14............

IB ............

16 ............

Aug. Sept.

3.50 

2.80

2.90

5.35

4.10

3.40

2.90

2.30

2.20

2.20

1.70

1.80

1.60

1.50

Oct.

1.10

1.00

.70

.80

.85

1.30

1.05

1.00

.95

.95

80

80

Nov.

0.80 

.90

1.45

1.40

1.25

1.25

1.30

1.35

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.15

1.35

1.40

1.20

1.20

Dec.

1.50 

2.30

2 60

2.65

4.00

3.70

3.35

2.90

2 80

2.50

2.40

2.35

Bay.

17............

18............

19

20............

21............

22............

23............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Aug.

.......

3.60

4.70

3.10

2.90

5.70

4.50

4.00

3.50

Sept.

1.30

1 °0

1.20

1.00

1.40

1.30

1.20

1.20

1.00

1.00

1.05

1.05

1.10

Oct.

0.86 

.90

.95

.95

.80

.80

.80

.85

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

.85

.85

Nov.

1.40

1 AC\

1.35

1.35

1.70

1.85

1.50

1.80

1.85

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.60

Dec.

2.20 

2.20

2.10

2.00

2.00

1.80

1.75

1.75

1.80

1.85

1.95

4.40

3.50

3.60

3.50

MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

This is the largest drainage basin in Georgia and Alabama, and is 

designated the Mobile basin because its waters all enter the Gulf 

through Mobile River at Mobile, Ala. It is formed as follows: Beginning at the headwaters, Cartecay and Ellijay rivers unite at Ellijay, 

Ga., to form Coosawattee River. Just above Resaca, Ga., this unites 

with the Conasauga to form Oostanaula River. At Rome, Ga., the 

Oostanaula and the Etowah unite to form Goosa River. Six miles 

above Montgomery, Ala., the Coosa and the Tallapoosa unite to form 

Alabama River; and not far from the coast the Tombigbee unites with 

the Alabama to form Mobile River, which flows into Mobile Bay, an 

arm of the Gulf of Mexico.

Cahaba River is the principal tributary of the Alabama and joins it 

about 10 miles below Selma. Hillabee Creek flows into Tallapoosa 

River just above Sturdevant and near Alexander. Talladega Creek is 

a tributary of the Coosa.

Tombigbee River rises in the northeastern part of Mississippi and 

enters Alabama in Pickens County. Its principal tributary is the 

Black Warrior, which is formed by the junction of Mulberry Fork 

and Sipsey Fork. Locust Fork enters the Black Warrior some distance below the junction.

The following pages give the results of the data collected in this 

drainage during 1904:

ALABAMA RIVER AT SELMA, ALA.

This station, which was originally established by the United States 

Engineer Corps, is now maintained by the United States Weather
128 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Bureau. The station is at the iron highway bridge one block from 

Water street, Selma, Ala. The gage is in two sections. The first 

section, reading from 3 to + 5.1 feet, is fastened to the lower side 

of the cofferdam on the second pier; the upper section, reading from 

5.1 to 55 feet, is bolted to the draw pier. Discharge measurements 

are made from the bridge and the trestle approach on the left bank. 

The initial point for soundings is the end of the drawbridge on the 

right bank, upstream side. The channel above the station is slightly 

curved for 1,000 feet and straight for 2,000 feet below the station. 

The velocity is good and the current is regular. The right bank is 

high and rocky and will not overflow. The left bank is high, but 

overflows at extreme high water. The bed is mostly soft blue rock, 

and the water is confined to one channel. Bench mark No. 1 is an 

iron bolt driven into the rock bluff 182 feet from the first pier on the 

road leading up from the boat landing; its elevation is 2H.OO feet above 

the zero of the gage and 88 feet above mean sea level. Bench mark 

No. 2 is the top of the capstone of the pivot pier. Its elevation is 

56.00 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is the edge 

of the coping on the right bank abutment, just under the downstream 

side of the drawbridge; its elevation is 50.51 feet above the zero of 

the gage.

The observations at this station during 190-1 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurement* of Alabama River at Selma, Ala., in 1903 and 1904-

Date.

1903. 

April 10 .......

June 19 a ......

November 11 « .

1904. 

January 22 &.. . 

January 23 & ...

April 8 &......_

August 5 & .....

August 5 b .....

November 1 « . .

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles .....

.....do ........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles ..... 

.!...do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Fed. 

497

401

258

397 

402

386

391

391

235

235

Area of 

sei'tion.

Square feet . 

12, 600

5, 461

3,298

4,864 

5,059

4,746

5,131

5,100

2,473

2,492

Mean 

velocity.

Feet jier sec. 

4.69

3.44

2.51

3.33 

3.37

2.74

2.85

2.74

1.08

1.12

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

22.35

6.45

1.00

5.20 

5. 55

4.20

4.60

4.30

"> 90

-2.20

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

59, 100

18, 820

8,290

16, 200 

17, 050

13, 010

14, 600

13, 970

2,665

2,786

a Wagon bridge. 6 Measured at Louisville and Nashville Railroad bridge.
HALL AND!

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 129

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Alabama River at Selma, Ala., for 1904.

Day.

1.... ..........

4..............

5..............

7. .............

9.............. 

10..............

11..............

12..............

1 Q

14..............

15..............

16.............. 

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22 

23.............. 

24.............. 

25..............

27..............

28.............. 

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

1.6

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0 

9

9

1.0

1.0 

1 9

2.6

3

Q

K o

4.0

2.7

2

0

3 7

4.1

§.1

4.5

4.7 

5.6 

10.9 

I9 9

19 n

10 9

9.7

Q 1

6.6

5.4

Feb.

4.7

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.6 

3.5

4.0

6.8

11.0

15.6

19.6

21.0

01 K

19.9

17.0

13.0 

9.9

7.6

6.1

5.7

6.0

7.0 

8.3 

10.0

U Q

12.0

12.6

10.8 

9 7

Mar.

8.3

7.0

6.1

5.7

5.5 

5.4

5.4

6.1

9.7 

11.0

9 n

7 9

7.0

7.3 

9 4

11.0

n

o

10.1

8 Q

7.5 

6.5 

5.7 

5.1

5.8

8 ft

9.4 

9.7

9

0

8.3

Apr.

7.4

6.5

5.7

5.1

4.6 

4.2

4.0

4 °

5.1 

6.5

7.4

7.0

7.2

7.2

5.2 

4.1

3

0

3

1

2.5 

2.3 

2.1

2

1

1 9

1.9 

1 9

1 A

May.

2.0

2.1

2.0

1.9 

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.4

1.6 

1.6

1.4

1.0

1.0

.5 

.5 

.2

9

- .4 

- .5

- .5

_ _2

June.

0.0

1.3

O Q

3 O

f) 0

2.6

2.7

2

0

2.0

9 9

2.2

1.4

.7

.5

.2

.4

 .6 

-1.1

-1.1 

I j

i i

1.0

- .6

3

.......

July.

0.5

3 O

2.8

2.6 

1 9

2.0

1.7

1.5

.8

1.3

1 Q

1 3.

a

1.7

2.0

.5

^

q

.1

.0

.1

.6

.7

.5 

.4

.9

Aug.

1.5

3.6

4.5

4.8 

3.5

4.8

8.7

16.4 

22.5

22.9

20.3

17.5

15.6

11.0

9.1 

7.5

6.6

5.8

5.2

4.0

3.5 

2.0

1 Q

2.5

3.0

4.0 

3.7

4.0

3.S

Sept.

2.9

1.6

1.2

1.2 

.9

.3

.3

.3

- .2

.4

.8

- .9 

.9

1.0

1 0

-1.2

-1.2

-1.3 

-1.3 

-1.3 

1 4

1 4

- .9

- .4 

- .7

Oct.

-1.3

-1.4

-1.4

-1.4

-1.5 

1.6

-1.6

-1.7

-1.8 

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8

1 Q

-1.8 

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8 

-1.8 

-1.8 

1.8

1.8

-1.8

-1.8 

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8

Nov.

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8

-1.6

-1.6 

1.6

-1.6

-1.6

-1.8 

-1.8

-1.6

-1.6

-1.4

-1.4

1.4

-1.4 

-1.4

-1.4

-1.4

-1.4

-1.4

-1.4 

-1.2 

-1.0

.6

- .6

- .8

__ 9

Dec.

-0.9

_ 9

_ 9

- .8

- .6 

.1

.4

.7

2.0 

3.4

4.0

4.5

4.5

4.0

3.0

2.5 

2.0

1.5

1.0

1.0

.5

.5 

_ 5

-1.4 

1.6

-1.6

.0 

1.0

6.4

6.7

Rating table for Alabama River at Selma, Ala., from January 1 to December 31,1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

 2.20

 2.10

-2.00

 1.90

-1.80

-1.70

-1.60

-1.50

-1.40

-1.30

-1.20

 1.10

-1.00

- .90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,700

2,850

3,000

3,150

3,300

3,450

3,600

3,750

3,900

4,050

4,200

4,350

4, 500

4,660

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.80

- .70

- .60

- .50

 .40

 .30

 .20

- .10

0.00

.20

.40

.60

.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

4,820

4,980

5,140

5; 300

5,460

5,620

5,780

5,940

6,100

6,440

6,780

7,120

7,460

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

7,800

8,700

9,600

10, 550

11, 500

12, 450

13, 400

14, 400

15, 400

16, 450

17, 500

18, 550

19, 600

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15. 00

16.00

17.00

18.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

20, 700

21, 800

22,900

24,000

26,300

28,600

31,000

33, 450

36, 000

38, 600

41,300

44, 000

46, 700

IRE 127 05-
130 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

The preceding table is fairly well defined to gage height 3.4 feet. The table has 

been extended beyond this limit. It is based upon discharge measurements made 

during 1900-1904. Above gage height 18 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the 

difference being 275 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Alabama River at Selma, Ala., for 1904. 

[Drainage area, 15,400 square miles.]

Month.

February .....................

June .. ...........I.......

July .........................

The year ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

33,200 

56, 320 

29, 320 

20, 480 

9,790 

11,500 

13, 210 

60, 180 

11, 310 

4,050 

5,140 

18, 970

60, 180

Minimum.

7,630 

12, 450 

15, 610 

9,420 

5,300 

4,350 

5,620 

8,700 

3,900 

3,300 

3,300 

3, 600

3,300

Mean.

14, 830 

27, 160 

21, 890 

14, 130 

7,726 

7,259 

8,088 

21, 510 

5,865 

3,421 

3,981 

8,467

12, 030

Run-off.

Second -feet 

per square 

mile.

0. 963 

1.76 

1.42 

.918 

.502 

.471 

.525 

1.40 

.381 

222 

.258 

.550

.781

Depth in 

inches.

1.11 

1.90 

1.64 

1.02 

.579 

.526 

.605 

1.61 

.425 

.256 

.288 

.634

10.59

ETOWAH EIVER AT CANTON, GA.

This station was established in 1892 by the United States Weather 

Bureau. Measurements were begun in 1896 by the United States Geological Survey. It is located at the wagon bridge in Canton, Ga., onehalf mile above the mouth of Canton Creek and 1,000 feet upstream 

from the Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern Eailway station. The gage 

is a heav}T vertical timber, bolted to the edge of the left-bank pier, on 

the upstream side. The foot marks are numbered with brass figures. 

The gage is read once each day by J. M. McAfee, who is paid by the 

United States Weather Bureau for six months of the year and by the 

Georgia Geological Survey for the other six months. Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the iron highway bridge, 

which is about 25 feet above low water, and to which the gage is attached. 

The initial point for soundings is the river side of the right-bank pier 

at the end of the main span. The channel is straight for 1,000 feet 

above and 500 feet below the bridge. The current is affected by a fishtrap darn about 1 foot high, which was constructed in 1902, and which has 

since caused some trouble by being occasionally washed away and built
HALL AND"] 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 131

up again. Up to 3 feet gage height the river is only 116 feet wide and 

flows between the piers on its lower banks. Up to about 14 feet it is 

confined between its upper banks, which are the abutments at the outer 

end of the approaches. 'Above this point it begins to overflow the 

bottom lands. The bed is fairly constant.

Bench mark No. 1 is a cut on a silver maple tree on the east side of 

the road, 20 feet from the end of the bridge on the south or left bank 

of the river; its elevation is 20.36 feet, above the zero of the gage. 

Bench mark No. 2 is a cut on a persimmon tree 4 feet from the upper 

side of the bridge and 10 feet toward the river from the south end of 

the bridge; its elevation is 16.88 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench 

mark No. 3 is the center of the head of a large wire nail, driven horizontally in the side (toward the river) of a walnut tree on the east side 

of the road, 25 feet north of the north end of the bridge; its elevation 

is 18.52 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 4 is the top of 

the iron bar on the top of the left-bank pier at the end of the center 

span of the bridge; its elevation is 23.39 feet above the zero of the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. E. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Etowah River at Canton, Ga., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

January 28.....

March 27 ......

April 127 .......

June 25 ........

June 25........

September 4 ...

September 4 ...

October 10.....

1904. 

January 15..... 

March 3 .......

May 17........

July 26........

July 26........

September 1 ... 

October 8 ...... 

October 8 ......

October 13.....

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall ....

O. P. Hall .....

E. C. Murphy..

M. R. Hall ....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall .... 

O. P. Hall.....

.....do ........

M. R. Hall ....

.....do ........

O. P. Hall..... 

M. R. Hall . . 

.....do ........

0^. Hall.....

* Width.

. Feet.

114 

113

108

105

105

109 

105 

105

107

Area of 

section.

Squeftejeet. 

568

765

669

563

563

520

523

525

531

529

460

437

438

437 

398 

414

385

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.62

3.35

2.80

2.07

1.99

1.10

1.10

.98

1.02 

1.55

1.08

.75

.74

.86 

.50 

.55

.45

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.07

2.50

1.80

.94

.93

.51

.51

.60

.50

.78

.18

.04

.04

.06 

- .38 

 .25

'- .38

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

922

2,562

1,873

1,166

1,119

570

575

513

542 

821

497

328

324

374

197 

227

171
132 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily ija/je height, infect, of Etoivah River at Canton, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

1. .............

9

7..............

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

1 ^

16.............'.

18..............

19. .............

20..............

00

23..............

25..............

26.............. 

27..............

28.............. 

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

0.4

.4

.4

.5

.5

.5

.5

g

.5

.7

1.7

1.0

.7

.7 

.7

.7 

.8

.7

.6

Feb.

0.6

.6

.7-

1.6

1.0

.6

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

C

2.5

1.0

1.0

.8

.8

.7

.6 

.6

Mar.

0.7

.7

g

.7

.7

.7

2.1

1.7

g

.8

.8

.8

2.0

.8

.7

.7

1 9

.6

.8

.8 

.8

.7 

.7

.7

.6

Apr.

0.6

.6

.4

.4

.4

.7

1.0

 g

.8

.7

.7

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.5

.4

.5

.5 

.5

.5

May.

0.5

.4

.3

9

.2

.8

1.1

.6

.3

.3

.3

9

O

9

.2

.1

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

- .1 

- .1

 .2 

- .3

 .3

1.3

June.

1.3

.6

.3

.0

.0

.5

.2

.1

.1

j

I

- .1

_ 9

_ 9

_ 9

_ 9

- .3

- .3

9

_ 2

Q

.1

.0

- .1

.1

. .6

3.8

July.

0.5

.4

.3

.2

.3

.1

.0

9

.8

.3

.1

.0

.5

.2

.4

.0

.0

.1

.0

.1

.0 

.0

.0

.0

Aug.

0.5

1.2

1.2

.5

2.5

.8

.4

8.0

4.0

1.0

.8

1.1

.8

.5

.4

.3

.3

.2

.1

.2

9

.0

.1

.7

.5

.3 

.4

.3 

.1

.1

.0

Sept.

0.1

.1

.1

.3

.3

.3

.1

.0

.0

.0

.1

9

- .1

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

-- .3

_ g

- .4

_ _4 

- .4

- .2 

- .2

_ g

Oct.

-0.4

.4

- .3

- .3

- .4

.3

- .3

- .3

- .4

- .4

- .3

- .4

__ g

- A

__ g

- .3

.3

_ £j

__ 0

- .3

_ I

2

- .1

.0 

.0

.0 

.0

.0

.0

Nov.

0.0

.1

.3

.4

.3

.2

.2

.2

9

.2

.4

.6

.4

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.4

.7

.5

.4

.3 

.3

.3 

.3

.3

Dec.

0.4

.4

.4

.5

.8

2.0

.8

.6

.6

.5

.6

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.1

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6 

.6

2.5 

1.0

.7

.6

Rating table for Etoivah River at Cant,on, Ga., from January 1 to December 31,1904-

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.50

 .40

- .30

- .20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

170

190

215

245

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.10

.00

.10

.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

280

320

365

415

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.30

.40

.50

.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

470

532

600

675

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.70

.80

.90

1.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

755

840

930

'1,020

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1902 to 1904. 

It is well defined between gage heights 0.5 foot and 1 foot. Estimates above 

1-foot gage height are based on a tangent, the difference being 90 per tenth.
HALL AND") 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 133

Estimated monthly discharge of Etowah River at Canton, Gn.. for 1904. 

[Drainage area, 604 square miles.]

Month.

February .....................

March ........................

April .........................

May _--_......_...---..._-.._

July .........................

August .......................

November ....................

December ....................

The vear ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,650 

2,460 

2,010 

1,020 

1,290 

3,540 

840 

7,320 

470 

320 

755 

2,370

7.320

Miuimum.

532 

675 

675 

532 

215 

215 

280 

320 

190 

190 

320 

532

190

Mean.

720 

916 

914 

650 

469 

479 

418 

979 

278 

236 

480 

724

605

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.19 

1.52 

1.51 

1.08 

.776 

.793 

.692 

1.62 

.460 

.391 

.795 

1.20

1.00

Depth in 

inches.

1.37 

1.64 

1.74 

1.20 

.895 

.885 

.798 

1.87 

.513 

.451 

.887 

1.38

13. 63

ETOWAH RIVER NEAR ROME, GA.

This station was established August 17, 1904, by M. R. Hall. It is 

located at Freeman's ferry, about 5 miles above Rome, Ga. The gage 

is in three sections. The first section is the original gage, reading 

from zero to 7 feet, securely attached to a sycamore tree at left edge 

of river, about 250 feet below the ferry. The second section, reading 

from 7 to 20 feet, is attached to a chestnut post located 10 feet upstream 

from the first section and 10 feet from the edge of the river (low 

water); post about 10 inches in diameter and 21 feet long, the bottom 

of the post extending to firm gravel, 1.50 feet below low-water surface. The hole is filled with stone and about one-third concrete, the 

concrete being at the bottom and near the surface of ground, 7 feet 

above the bottom of the post. The third section, reading from 20 to 

30 feet, is attached to a maple tree opposite post, and 15 feet farther 

from the water's edge. Each section of the gage is of li by 2£ inch 

heart pine, well painted, and graduated by V-shaped grooves, which 

are painted black. The gage is made up in 5-foot lengths, all of which 

are securely fastened to substantial supports. The gage is read once 

each day by Frank B. Freeman, who is paid by the Georgia Geological 

Survey. Discharge measurements are made from a small boat, the 

meter being suspended from the ferry cable. Measurements can be
134 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART [NO. 127.

made from the bridge at Rome, as no large quantity of water enters 

the river between the ferry and that place. Gage heights may be 

obtained at Rome by telephoning the observer. The initial point for 

soundings is the center of the windlass for the ferry cable on the left 

bank of the river. The channel is straight for about 3,000 feet above 

and for 1,000 feet below the station. The current is swift. There is 

a small shoal of rock about 50 feet below the gaging section. About 

1,000 feet below there is an old fish-trap dam, but this has not been 

used for years and is probably constant. Both banks are high, but 

are subject to overflow during high water. The bed of the stream is 

composed of small rock and pebbles, and is uniform and permanent. 

There is but one channel at all stages, the water being about 2.5 feet 

deep at low water.

Bench mark No. 1 is head of lag screw driven in root of maple to 

which gage 20 to 30 feet is attached; elevation is 19.26 above datum. 

Bench mark No. 2 is head of nail driven in root at base of maple tree, 

100 feet up river from gage; elevation, 22.18 feet. Bench mark No. 3 

is center mark on copper plug set horizontally in brick wall of F. B. 

Freeman's residence, on east end of house, near northeast corner, just 

below floor level; elevation, 27.99 feet above datum.

Discharge measurements of Etowah River near Rome, Ga., in 1904-

Date.

August 18 « .... 

August 18 & ....

September 27 & . 

October 15 &....

November 8 & . .

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall.... 

.....do ........

W. E. Hall.... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

156 

295

290

285

291

Area of 

section.

Squarefeel. 

752 

748

552 

510

588

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

1.40 

1.42

.85 

.78

.98

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.00 

2.03

1.37 

1.26

1.50

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

1,049 

1,064

470 

397

574

« At Rome, Second Avenue Bridge.

b At Freeman's ferry, 5 miles above Rome.
HALL AND 

HOYT.,ND ] MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 135

Mean daily gage height, infect, of Etowah River near Rome, Ga., for 1904-

Day.

1 ............

2 ............

3 ............

4 ............

5 ............

6 ............

7 ............

8 ............

9............

10 ............

11 ............

12. ...........

13 ............

14 ............

15 ............

16 .........

Aug. Sept.

1.75

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.75

1.80

1.70

1.6ft

1.60

a 1.60

1.60

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.45

Oct.

1.30

1.30

1.25

1,35

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.35

1.35

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.30

Nov.

1.30

1.30

1.60

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.40

1.40

al.50

1.60

1.75

1.60

De,c.

1.55

1.55

1 60

1.70

1.80

3.10

3.00

2.20

1.90

1.80

1.90

1.95

1.80

1.70

1.70

Day.

17............

18............

19............

20............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Aug.

2.10

2.05

1.85

2.50

1.70

3.40

«3.00

2.10

a2.50

2.80

2.30

1.90

1.90

Sept.

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

Oct.

1.30

«1.30

1.25

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.20

1.25

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

Nov.

1.60

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.60

1.90

1.75

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.55

1.55

Dec.

1.70

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.70

1.70

3.00

3.40

2.50

2.00

a Interpolated (no record). 

Rating table for Etowah River near Rome, Ga., from August 17 to December 31,1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

360

425

495

570

650

735

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

830

930

1,035

1,145

1,260

1,380

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1, 500

1, 625

1,755

1,890

2,030

2,175

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,320

2,470

2,625

2,785

2,950

The above table is based upon 5 discharge measurements made during 1904 and 1 

made February, 1905. It is well denned.

Estimated monthly discharge of Etowah River near-Rome, Ga.,for 1904. 

[Drainage area, 1,854 square miles.]

Month.

August (17-31). ...............

September ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,950 

830 

495 

930 

2,950

Minimum.

735 

460 

360 

425 

610

Mean.

1,384 

588 

423 

614 

1,027

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.746 

.317

.228 

.331 

.554

Depth in 

inches.

0.416 

.354 

.263 

.369 

.639
136 STBEAM MEASUREMENTS IK 1904, PABT TV. [NO. 127.

COOSA RIVER AT RIVERSIDE, ALA.

This station was established September 25,1896, by M. E. Hall. It 

is located at the Southern Railway bridge, Riverside, Ala., about 4 

miles below Lock No. 4. The 24-inch boxed chain gage is fastened to 

the downstream guard rail at a point 570 feet from the initial point 

for soundings. The length of the chain from the marker to the end 

of the weight is 35.02 feet. The gage is read once each day by S. T. 

Waits. Discharge measurements are made from the railway bridge 

to which the gage is attached. The initial point for soundings is the 

water face of the abutment on the left bank, downstream side. Distances are marked on the guard rail with white paint. The channel 

is straight above the station for about 400 feet and below for about 

3,000 feet. The current is swift, but is broken by a ledge of rock 300 

feet above the bridge. The channel is 614 feet between bridge abutments and is broken by four piers. The width at ordinary stages is 

about 575 feet. Both banks are high; the left bank is liable to overflow, but all water passes beneath the bridge. The bed of the stream 

is rocky and permanent and not very rough.

Bench mark No. 1 is the capstone on the circular pier of the turn 

span, the elevation of which is 26.80 feet above gage datum. Bench 

mark No. 2 is a copper plug set in sol id rock on the right bank, about 

100 feet above the bridge. Its elevation is 11.95 feet above gage 

datum. The observer is paid by the Alabama Geological Survey.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Goosa River at Riverside, Ala., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

March 16 ......

April 11. ......

June 20........

July 22 ........

August 26......

October 1 ......

November 13 . .

1904. 

January 19 ....

February 11.... 

May 26 ........

June 27........

August 23 ......

September 20 . . 

September 21 . .

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ......

.....do ..........

.....do..........

.....do ..........

.....do ..........

.....do ..........

.....do ..........

J. M. Giles ......

M. R. and W. E. 

Hall.

.....do ..........

.....do ..........

A. T. Mitchelson. 

.....do ..........

J. M. Giles ......

Width.

Feet. 

570

566

500

492

429

405

430

446

528 

409

407

497

488 

485

433

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

8,977

7,680

4,120

3,871

3,234

9 Sfifi

3,113

3,444

4,785 

2,895

2,861

3,268

2,947 

2,783

2, 625

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

4.46

4.00

1.79

1.43

1.24

.94

1.01

1.16

2.27 

.94

.90

.97

.57 

.56

.48

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.75

8.80

2.87

2.30

1.64

1.05

1.37

1.88

4. 10 

1.25

1.15

1.45

.60 

.53

.38

Discharge.

Sec. feet. 

40, 070

30, 710

7,374

5,549

4,001

2,687

3,136

3,999

10, 880 

2,714

2,582

3,174

1,681 

1,557

1,250
HALL AND") 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 137

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Coosa River at Riverside, Ala., for 1904-

Day.

1..............

3..............

4..............

5.'.............

8..............

9..............

10. ............. 

11..............

12..............

13.............. 

14..............

16..... ........

17..............

19..............

21..............

00

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

oc

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.25 

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20 

1.25

1 30

1.30 

1.30

1.45

1.50

1.80

1.90

2.10

2.25

2.50

4.45

5.10

5.00

4.30

4.00

3.70

2.55

2.30

Feb.

2.10

2.05

2.05

2.00 

1.90

1 95

2.75

3.35

3.55 

4 05

3.70 

3.35

3.05

2.90

2.30

2.35

2.50

o go

3.25

3.80

4.90

5.45

6.05

3

OA

Mar.

2.90

2.85 

3.05

4.30

4.80

5.20 

4.80

4.30

4.30 

4.30

4 05

4.00

3.90

3.70

3.80

3.50

3.20

3.30

5.30

6.10

6.85

6.20

5.90

5.50

4.40

Apr.

4.00

3.60

3.40

3.00

2.75

2.70

3.20

3.80

5.10 

5.20

4.90

4.20 

3.50

3.00

2.80

2.70

2.60

2.40

2.40

2.35

2.25

2.20

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.50

o go

May.

2 30

2.15

1 90

1.90 

1 SO

1 7^

1.80

0 60

2.20 

2.10

1.55

1.50

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.15

1 1^

1.20

1.20

1.80

June.

9 30

2.70

o en

2. 55

1.70

1.95

1.70

1.50 

1.30

-i IF;

1.15

1.05

1 00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.40

1.40

1.20

1.50

o OF;

July.

** 60

2.55

1.90

2.15

1.55

1.40

1.40 

1.25

1.25

1.25

1 30

i on

1.40

1.65

1.50

1.30

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.15

1.20

1.20

1.15

Aug.

1 i ^

1.35

 > go

2.80 

Son

3

QA

4.20

3

0A

4.35 

6.25

5.40

4.15 

3.20

2

KC:

2 30

2.15

1 95

1 *7Fi

1.65

1.45

1.35

1.30

1.25

2.00

1 90

1.55

1.40

Sept.

1.00

1.00

1 00

1.00 

95

95

.85 

.80

.70

60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.75

on

90

.75

.60

60

^

.55

.55

Oct.

0.50

.50

.50

.50

.50 

.55

60

60

.55

.50 

.50

.50

.50 

.45

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.35

.35

.35

.35

.35

.35

.35

.35

.35

.35

Nov.

0.35

40

.45

60

.65 

.70

*7K

.75

.75

.70 

.70

.70

.65 

.55

55

.60

.70

.70

.65

.65

.65

.70

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

80

80

80

Dec..

80

80

I nn

1.70

2.75

q on

3.75

3

Krt

3.20 

3 00

2 85

2.60

2.00

1 60

1 30

1 *>Fi

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.70

2 90

3.75

5.00

5.20

Rating table for Coosa River at Riverside, Ala., from January 1 to December 31, 1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,150

1,300

1,450

1,605

1,760

1,920

2,085

2, 255

2,435

2,620

2,810

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3, 010

3,215

3,430

3,655

3,890

4,130

4,380

4,635

4,895

5,160

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5,425

5,695

5,970

6, 250

6,540

6,835

7,135

7,750

8,400

9,080

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

9,780

10, 480

11,200

11, 920

12, 640

13,360

14, 080

15, 900

17, 750

19.600
138 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

The preceding table is based upon seven discharge measurements made during 

1904 and several older measurements. It is well denned between gage heights 0.4 

feet and 4 feet. The table has been extended beyond these limits.

Estimated monthly discharge of Coosa River at Riverside, Ala., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 7,065 square miles.]

Month.

January ......................

March. . ......................

April .........................

May ..........................

June .........................

July..........................

September ....................

October ......................

November ....................

December ....................

The year ...._.. ......

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14,440 

17, 940 

20,900 

14,800 

5,970 

7,135 

5,970 

18,680 

2,620 

1,605 

1,920 

14, 800

20,900

Minimum.

2,620 

4,130 

5, 560 

4,765 

2,527 

2, 255 

2,435 

2,527 

1,528 

1,225 

1,225 

1,760

1,225

Mean.

5,228 

8,391 

11, 370. 

7,462 

3,676 

3,598 

3,314 

6,118 

1,987 

1,351 

1,713 

5,127

4,945

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.740 

1.19 

1.61 

1.06 

.520 

.509 

.469 

.866 

.281 

.192 

.242 

.726

.700

Depth in 

inches.

0.853 

1.28 

1.86 

1.18 

.600 

.568 

.541 

.998 

.314 

. 221 

.270 

.837

9.52

OO8TANAUL.A EIVEE AT EESAOA, GA.

This station was maintained by the United States Geological Survey 

from August 1, 1896, to April 30, 1899. During this time it was also 

maintained by the United States Weather Bureau as a half-year station. 

The gage height records are now taken for the Weather Bureau during 

the entire year by their local observer, G. A. Norton. The station is 

located at the bridge of the Western and Atlantic Railway, which is in 

the town of Resaca, 800 feet south of the depot. A heavy timber gage is 

attached vertically to the downstream side of the center pier. Discharge 

measurements are made from the downstream side of the iron through 

bridge to which the gage is attached. The bridge consists of three 

spans of 120 feet each, and 480 feet of trestle approach at the left bank. 

The left bank span of the bridge is entirely outside of the river, except 

at high water. Measurements are also made from a boat at the ferry 

about 200 feet above the bridge, where the section is somewhat better. 

The initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge at the right 

bank, downstream side. The channel is slightly curved, the same 

curve extending about 300 feet above and below the bridge. The current is moderate, becoming rather sluggish at low water. The right 

bank is rock at the edge of water, and has solid stone abutment and 

railroad embankment, which is above high-water level. The left bank
] MOBILE KIVEB DEAINAGE BASIN. 139

is low, cultivated, and overflows during high water 480 feet to the end 

of the trestle. The bed of the stream is composed of rock near the 

right bank, but other parts appear to be sandy. To the left of the pier 

it is nearly filled up with logs and brush. There is one channel broken 

by one pier at ordinary water. Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the 

downstream end of the second crossbeam from the right bank. Its 

elevation is 28.94 feet above the datum of the gage. Bench mark No. 

2, established March 14, 1905, is a cross mark on the top of the limestone bowlder on the north side of the river, about 130 feet from the 

end of the railroad bridge and 40 feet west of the railroad track. Its 

elevation is 34.23 feet above the datum of the gage.

COOSAWATTEE EIVER AT CARTERS, GA.

This river is formed by the junction of Ellijay and Cartecay rivers 

at Ellijay, Ga., and flows in a southwesterly direction, joining the 

Conasauga to form the Oostanaula. Its drainage area is for the most 

part mountainous and covered with forest growth. This station was 

established August 15, 1896, by M. R. Hall, at the iron highway 

bridge at Carters, Murray County, Ga., about 20 miles northeast of 

Calhoun, the most convenient railroad station. Carters, is at the head 

of navigation, small boats running to Rome, Ga., and the Coosa River 

below. It is at the foot of the great shoals made by this stream in 

cutting through the Cohutta Mountains.

A standard chain gage is attached to the downstream side of the 

bridge in the third panel from the right bank. The original length of 

the chain before it was boxed was 37.08 feet from the end of the 

weight to the marker. On March 17, 1905, the gage was replaced by 

a boxed gage of the 24-inch iron top type, and the length of the chain 

was made 36.57 feet from the. end of the weight to the marker, the 

datum remaining the same. The observer is R. P. Messer, a merchant 

at Carters, Ga., who is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey.

Discharge measurements are made from the single-span highway 

bridge and its approaches. The initial point for soundings is land 

side of the pier on the right bank. The channel is curved for 1,000 

feet above and 500 feet below the station. The current is swift and 

broken. Both banks are high, but overflow at flood stages. The bed 

of the stream is of gra*vel, and is not liable to change.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the cylindrical iron pier at the right 

bank, downstream side. Its elevation is 30.35 feet above gage datum.' 

Bench mark No. 2, established March 17, 1905, is a stone post set 

into the ground on the north side of the river about 300 feet from the 

end of the iron bridge and on the west side of the road leading toward 

Carter's mill. The elevation of the top of the post is 22.15 feet above 

the datum of the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.
140 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Discharge measurements of Coosaivattee Hirer <it Carters, G<i.., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

March 18 ......

July 22 ........

September 8 ...

September 8 ...

October 16 .....

December 31 ...

1904. 

March 15 ......

May 26 ........

September 27 ..

December 21 ...

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall ....

0. P. Hall.....

.....do ........

O. P. Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. R. Hall ....

Width.

Fed

118

107

107

104

83

102

100

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

518

380

265

265

242

247

418

252

220

203

181

191

186

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

3.06

2.53

1.67

1.72

1.55

1.68

2.50

1.70

1.46

1.54

1.12

1.44

1.26

Gage 

height.

- Feet. 

3.56

2.35

1.22

1.22

1.07

1.26

2.60

1.30

.99

.85

.50

.82

.73

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

1, 58S

963

444

456

374

416

1,045

427

322

312

202

275

235

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Coosatvattee River at Carters, Ga., for 1904.

Day.

1. .............

2. ......... 

3..............

4..............

5.............. 

6.............. 

7..............

8. ............. 

9..............

lo..........:... 

11..............

12.............. 

13..............

15..............

16. .............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 

20.............. 

21.............. 

22..............

23.............. 

24..............

25..............

26..............

27.............. 

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Jan.

1.20 

1.10 

1.40

1.10

1.10 

1.10 

1.10

1.10

1.10 

1 30

1.30 

1.30

1.30

1.20

1.30

2.80

1.90

1.50 

1.40 

1.40 

4.35

3.00 

2.30

1.60 

1.50

1.50 

1.50 

1.50

Feb.

1.50 

1.50 

1.50

1.50

1.40 

1.30 

1.40

2.80 

2.60

1.80 

1 60

1.50 

1.50

1.40

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.60

3.40 

3.00 

2.30 

4.80

3.50 

2.40

2.10

2.00

1.80

Mar.

1.70 

1.70 

1.70

3.50

3.75 

3.00 

3.00

2.50 

2.20

2.10 

2.00

1.90 

1.80

4.80

2.80

2.20

2.10

2.00

1.80 

1.80 

1.80 

2.00

5.20 

3.80

2.90

2.80

2.50 

2.40 

2.30

Apr.

 2. 20 

2.20 

2.10

2.00

1.90 

1.90 

1.90

4.00 

3.00

2.50

2.20 

2.00

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.80 

1.80 

1.80 

1.80

1.80 

1.70

1.70

4 oo

2.50

1.80 

1.70

May.

1.70 

1.70 

1.70

2.00

1.80 

1.70 

1.70

4.45

2.00

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.50 

1.50 

1.50 

1.50

1.40 

1.40

1 30

1 30

1.30

1.20 

1.20 

3.70

June.

2.00 

1.80 

1.50

1.30

1.20 

3.10 

3.00

2.00 

1.80

1.60

1.30

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.10 

1.00 

3.00 

2.00

1.50 

1.20

1.00

1 00

1.00 

1 °0

1.20 

1.80

July.

1.10 

1.00 

1.00

1.00

1.00 

1.40 

1.30

1.80 

1.50

1.20 

1 00

2.05 

1.70

1.20

1.00

1.00

1.80

1.30

1.00 

1.00 

.90 

1.80

1.50

1.00

1.00

.90 

1.10

1.00 

1.00 

.90

Aug.

5.00 

2.00 

1.50

1.30

1.60 

1.20 

1.10

1.60

1.50

1.30 

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

.90 

.90 

.90 

.80

.80 

.80

.90

.90

.90 

.90 

.80

Sept.

0.80 

.70 

.70

.70

.90 

.80 

.70

.70 

60

.60 

60

.60 

.50

.50

.70

.60

60

. 50

.50 

.40 

.40 

.40

.50 

.50

.50

.45

..50 

.50

..50 

.50

Oct.

0.50 

.50 

.50

.45

.45 

.45 

.45

.45 

.40

.40 

.40

.40 

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40 

.40 

.40 

.40

.40 

.40

.40

.40

.40 

.40

.40 

.40 

.40

Nov.

0.40 

.40 

.40

.70

.60 

.60 

.50

.50 

.50

.50 

.40

.40 

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40

.40 

.40 

.40 

.50

.60 

.60

.60

60

.60 

.50

.50 

1.80

Dee.

2.00 

2.20 

1.80

1.60

1.80 

1.60 

1.40

1.30 

1.20

1.10

1.00 

1.00

.90

.90

.90

.85

.85

.85 

.85 

.85 

.85

.80 

.80

1.00

1.30

3.90 

4.00

2.00 

1.80 

1.80
] MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 141

Hating table for Coosawattee River at farters, Ga.,from January 1 to December 31, 1904-

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

184

202

222

244

269

296

326

358 '

393

430

470

512

557

.603

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

650

698

747

848

952

1,058

1,166

1,275

1, 385

1, 500

1,620

1,740

1,870

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

Discharge.

Seeond-feet.

2, 000

2,130

2,270

2,410

2,550

2,910

3,270

3,630

3,990

4,350

4,710

5,070

5,430

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9.50

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

5, 790

6,150

6,870

7,590

8,310

9,030

9,750

10, 470

11, 190

11, 910

12,630

13, 350

14, 070

The above table is based upon seventeen discharge measurements made during 

1902, 1903, and 1904. It is well denned between gage heights 0.5 foot and 4.5 feet. 

The table has been extended beyond these limits to gage height 5.5. Above gage 

height 4.8 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 73 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Coosawattee River at Carters, Go,., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 631 square miles.]

Month.

February .....................

March ........................

May .........................

June .........................

July .........................

August .......................

September ....................

October ......................

December ....................

The year ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,097 

2,410 

2,694 

1,870 

2,165 

1,330 

772 

2,550 

296 

202 

650 

1,870

2,694

Minimum.

358 

430 

603 

603 

393 

326 

296 

269 

184 

184 

184 

269

184

Mean.

575 

791 

1,063 

823 

659 

549 

408 

453 

220 

187 

215 

524

539

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.08 

1.49 

2.00 

1.55 

1.24 

1.03 

.768 

.853 

.414 

.352 

.405 

.987

1.01

Depth in 

inches.

1.24 

1.61 

2.31 

1.73 

1.43 

1.15 

.885 

.983 

.462 

.406 

.452 

1.14

13.80
142 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

CARTECAY EIVER NEAR CARTECAY, GA.

This station was established June 27, 1904, by M. R. Hall. It is 

located at the Cartecay Bridge on the public road 6 miles southeast (upstream) from Ellijay, Ga., and 1£ miles northwest from Cartecay, Ga. 

Turkey Creek enters from the south side and Owltown Creek from 

the north side between this point and Ellijay. There is probably no 

considerable interference from dams above the station. The gage is a 

vertical 10-foot timber, graduated to feet and tenths, fastened to a 

2-inch by 4-inch oak scantling, which is spiked to the sill and downstream 

post of trestle bent at the right bank. The gage is read once each day 

by S. A. Burrell, who is paid by the Georgia Geological Survey. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the single 

60-foot span wooden bridge to which the gage is attached. The bridge 

has an approach on the right bank of 24 feet and on the left bank of 

26 feet. The floor is about 16 feet above low water. The initial point 

for soundings is the edge of the abutment on the right bank, downstream side. The channel is straight for about 500 feet above and 

below the station. The current is swift. Both banks are high, but 

are subject to overflow. The bed of the stream is composed of rock 

and is permanent, the water flowing in one channel. The bench mark 

is the top of the downstream end of the first floor beam from the right 

bank, marked by nails and white paint. Its elevation is 16.50 feet 

above the zero of the gage.

Discharge measurements of Cartecay River near Cartecay, Ga., in 1904.

Date.

May 9 .........

June 27......--

October 12. ....

December 13...

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall......

.-...do ........

.....do........

.....d0 ........

M.R.Hall.....

Width.

Feel, 

55

53

53

48

52

Area of

section.

Square feet. 

78

50

50

38

46

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

2.26

1.72

1.88

1.84

1.70

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.30

.90

.85

.65

.80

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

176

86

94

70

78
HALL AND") 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 143

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Cartecay River near Cartecay, Ga., for 1904-

Day.

1...........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

July.

1.10

1.10

1.30

1.50

1.70

1.75

3.30

1.40

1.30

1.35

3.50

5.40

2.30

2.10

1.30

Aug.

1.10

1.20

2.40

1.65

2.30

2.85

1.90

1.70

1.50

1.45

1.40

2 65

2.10

1,70

i F*n

1.35

Sept.

0.80

.85

1.20

1.10

.90

.90

.85

1.40

.85

.80

.80

.85

.80

.75

.80

Oct.

0.90

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(«)

(«)

(«)

.65

(«)

(«)

(«)

(«0

Nov.

0.75

.80

.80

.85

.90

.80

.85

.90

.95

.90

1.20

1.30

1.10

.95

on

.80

Dec.

1.15

.90

1.10

1.00

1.50

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.00

1.00

.90

.90

.80

.80

.85

.85

Day.

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

Q-1

July.

1.30

1.50

3.05

3.05

2.20

1.70

1.60

2.20

1.95

1.30

1.25

1.70

1.25

1.10

Aug.

1.30

1.25

3.55

2.15

1.90

1.70

1.30

1.25

3.35

2.70

1.60

1.15

1.10

.90

.85

Sept.

1.30

2.10

.90

.90

.85

.80

2.30

2.15

.95

1.90

.80

.80

1.20

.90

Oct.

0.70

.70

.75

.60

.65

.75

.75

.75

.65

.60

.65

.70

.75

.70

.70

Nov.

0.75

.80

.85

.90

80

.95

.95

.90

.85

.80

.80

.85

.85

1.30

Dec.

0.90

.85

.80

.75

.75

.70

.70

.90

1.10

.90

.90

2.50

2.20

1.20

90

a Missing. 

ELLIJAY RIVER NEAR ELLIJAY, GA.

This station was established June 28, 1904, by M. R. Hall for the 

purpose of making a series of miscellaneous measurements. It is 

located at a wagon bridge about one-half mile east of Ellijay, Ga., and 

about the same distance above the junction of Ellijay and Cartecay 

rivers. A section of gage staff, graduated by feet and tenths from 2 

to 6 feet, is nailed to the downstream vertical post at the right bank, 

and a bench mark established for reference. Regular gage readings 

are not maintained. Discharge measurements are made from the 

open wooden wagon bridge, having two 40-foot spans and 50-foot 

approaches on each bank. The initial point for soundings is the end 

of the bridge at right bank, on the downstream side. Both banks 

are straight for about 500 feet above and below the station. The 

right bank is about 12 feet high and the left bank is about 10 feet 

high. Both banks are bordered by fields and are subject to overflow. 

There is one channel broken by one wooden pier. The bed of the 

stream is composed of rock, partly sloping, and the current ranges 

from very swift above the station to sluggish below. The bench 

mark is a small nail and white paint mark in downstream vertical post 

at right bank. Its elevation is 7.00 feet above the gage datum.
144 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Discharge measurements of Ellijay River near Ellijny, Ga., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903.

1904. 

May 10.. ......

June 28........

August 30......

October 12.....

December 14...

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall.....

O. P. Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

M. It. Hall.....

Width.

Feet. 

65

74

66

68

56

66

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

56

90

61

56

41

50

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.36

1.71

1.54

1 22

1.03

1.32

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.35

1.22

1.07

1.20

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

76

154

94

68

42

66

MOUNTAINTOWN CREEK NEAR ELLIJAY, GA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station May 10, 1904, 

by O. P. Hall. It is located at the covered bridge known as Charles 

Bridge, about 4 miles west of Ellijay, Ga., and about the same distance 

above the mouth of the creek. The bridge consists of a single span 

of 54 feet, with short trestle approaches at either end. Discharge 

measurements are made from the bridge, the meter being lowered 

through holes in the floor, or from a foot log a half mile below the 

bridge. The initial point for soundings is the end of the trestle 

approach at the right bank. The channel is straight for about 500 

feet above and 100 feet below the station and the current is swift. 

Both banks are high and not liable to overflow. The bed of the stream 

is rocky. The water is shallow and swift at the bridge, the better 

section being at the foot log below the bridge. The bench mark is a 

nail driven into the vertical post of the main bent under the right end 

of the bridge, 6 feet above the top of the mud sill of the bent. Its 

elevation is 7.00 feet above datum.

Discharge measurements of Mountaintoum Greek near Ellijay, Ga., in 1904-

Date.

May 10 ........

August 31 ......

October 12.....

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

60

52

26

Area of 

section.

Squarefeet. 

51

34

44

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

3.08

2.32

.70

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.17

.85

.75

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

157

79

31

TALKING ROCK CREEK NEAR CARTERS, GA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station May 26, 1904, 

by O. P. Hall, though numerous measurements of the creek have pre-
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 145

viously been made by M. -R. Hall and O. P. Hall in connection with 

measurements of the Coosawattee River station. It is located about 

3 miles above the mouth of Talking Rock Creek and about the same 

distance east of Carters, Ga. Discharge measurements are made from 

a boat just above R. L. Hill's boat landing or by wading at a shoal a 

short distance below. Both banks are high and will probably not overflow. There is one channel at all stages. The section is a good one. 

The bench mark is a nail in a large elm tree on the left bank at R. L. 

Hill's boat landing. Its elevation is 7.50 feet above datum.

Discharge measurements of Talking Rock Creek near Carters, Ga., in 1904-

Date.

May 26 ........

June 25........

August 23......

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall......

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

59

58

22

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

103

97

18

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

0.48

.35

2.22

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.24

1.08

1.07

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

49

34

40

CHOCCOLOGCO CREEK NEAR JENIFER, ALA.

The gage at this station was established August 20, 1902, by J. M. 

Giles. Measurements were first made by J. R. Hall in 1900- It is 

located at the Louisville and Nashville Railroad bridge, li miles north of 

Jenifer, Ala. There are small shoals both above and below the bridge. 

The gage consists of a vertical 1 by 4 inch pine plank, nailed to a 3 by 

8 inch pine timber which is spiked to a birch tree 20 feet upstream 

from the bridge on the left bank. It reads from 0.30 to 10 feet. The 

observer is W. J. Tolbert, who is paid by the Alabama Geological 

Survey. Discharge measurements are made from the single-span 

bridge and its trestle approach on the right bank. The initial point 

for soundings is the end of the bridge on the left bank, and distances 

are marked with white paint on the upstream guard rail. The channel is straight for 1,500 feet above and below the station and has a 

width between abutments of 145 feet and 100 feet at low water. The 

right bank overflows at a gage reading of about 6 feet. The left bank 

is high and will not overflow except under the bridge. The bed is 

rocky and not likely to change.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of a crossbeam at a point 50 feet from 

the initial point for soundings. Its elevation is 23.00 feet above the 

zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is a copper plug in the upstream 

wing of the left abutment; its elevation is 14.19 feet above the zero of 

the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer. 

IER 127 05 10
146 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Discharge measurements of Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903.

July 23.......

July 23.......

August 20.....

August 25.....

October 2 .....

November 14

1904.

January 20....

February 12...

February 12...

February 20...

March 10 .....

May 27.......

July 20. ......

August 24.....

August 30.....

September 22 .

October 12....

October 12

November 26

November 26

Hy drograp her.

J. M. Giles.....

.....do .........

.....do.........

.....do .........

.....do .........

.....do .........

J. M. Giles .....

W. E. Hall.....

M. E. Hall .....

Murphy andGiles

W. E. Hall .....

J. M. Giles

W. E. Hall.....

J. M. Giles .....

.....do .........

A. T. Michelson.

J. M. Giles .....

.....do .........

.....do .........

.....do .........

Width.

Feet.

96

96

98

, "

85

96

95

105

105

100

100

85

85

'. 90

90

90

86

86

86

86

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

158

157

158

174

115

125

144

228

219

220

183

115

128

134

135

116

128

127

128

129

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

1.17

1.14

1.16

.84

.78

1.04

.97

1.71

1.75

1.74

1.29

 791 if

.94

.92

.92

.79

.81

.78

.73

.79

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.25

2.25

2.26

2.12

1.82

2.08

2.09

2.82

2.85

2.72

2.40

1.80

1.99

1.94

1.95

1.71

1.83

1.80

1.75

1.86

Discharge.

Second-feet.

186

180

183

146

90

130

139

391

383

382

236

83

120

123

124

92

103

99

93

102
HALL AND ~| 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 147

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Choccolocco Creek near .Jenifer, Ala., for 1904-

Day.

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.......... ....

17..............

18.............. 

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

1.90

1.90

1.90

2.00

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1 90

1 90

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.90

1.90

2.20

2.30 

2.20

2.00

1 90

2.40

3.40

2.80

2.40

2 in

2.10

2.10

2.10

Feb.

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.30

3.30

3.40

i> go

2.80

2.60

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.20 

2.20

2.60

2 80

3.20

2.80

i> 50

i> 50

Mar.

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.30

3.00

3.00

2.85

2.60

2.50 

2.40

2.35

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.25

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.25

2.10

Apr.

2.10

2.10

2.15

2.10

2.10

2.15

2.10

2.60

2.80

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.10

2.10

2.10 

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.05

2.20

2.25

2.15

2.00

May.

2.10

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.15

2.15

2.00

1.90

1.90

1.90

2.00

1.90

1.80

1.80 

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.75

1.80

1.80

1.75

1.80

1 80

1.80

June.

2.20

2.20

2.10

1.90

1.85

1.85

1.80

1.80

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.70 

1.70

1.70

1.75

1.80

1.75

1.80

2.00

1.90

1.80

1.80

2.50

2.60

July.

2.10

2.00

2.20

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

1.90

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80 

1.70

2.00

1.80

1.75

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.65

1.70

1.70

1.70

2.25

1.90

Aug.

1.90

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.80

2.20

3.50

3.60

3.40

2.70

2.70

4.00

3.00

2.50

2.30

2.40

2.20

2.20 

2.00

2.00

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.90

1.90

1.90

2.75

2.10

2.00

1.95

1.95

Sept.

I.&.

1.80

1.80

1.80

2.10

2.00

1.90

1.80

1.75

1.75

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.70 

1.70

1.65

1.70

1.65

2.10

2.20

2.00

1 80

1 80

1.70

1.65

Oct.

1.66

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.60

1.60

1.50 

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.50

Nov.

1.40

. 1.40

1.60

1.70

1.70

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.60

1.50

1.40

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.60

1 60

1.60 

1 60

1 60

1.70

1 70

1 80

2.00

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.60

Dec.

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.70

1.80

2.00

I

nn

1.85

1 an

1 8ft

1 80

1 80

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.90 

1.75

1.70

l.CO

1.60

1.60

1.70

1.80

2.70

2.10

Rating table for Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala., from January 1 to December 31,

1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

62

68

76

- 86

98

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

113

130

150

173

200

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

Discharge.

Second-feet.

230

263

300

340

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

383

430

 480

530

The above table is based upon twenty discharge measurements made during 1903-4. 

It is well defined between gage heights 1.70 feet and 2.80 feet. Estimates above 3.1 

feet are based upon a tangent with a difference of 55 per tenth.
148 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Estimated monthly discharge of Choccolocco Creek near Jenifer, Ala., for 1904-

Month.

January ..........................................

February .........................................

March ............................................

April .............................................

July...... ........................................

December ........................................

The year. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

695 

695 

480 

383 

161 

300 

186 

1,025 

173 

86 

130 

340

1,025

Minimum.

113 

150 

150 

130 

92 

86 

81 

113 

81 

62 

62 

68

62

Mean.

165 

307 

231 

173 

116 

118 

109 

270 

101 

70.0 

82.7 

112

155

TALL.ADEGA CREEK AT NOTTINGHAM, ALA.

This station was established August 16, 1900, by J. R. Hall. It is 

located on the Southern Railway bridge, a fourth of a mile from the 

depot at Nottingham, Ala., and 1 mile north of Alpine, Ala. The 

gage, which is graduated to feet and tenths and is 20 feet long, is fastened vertically to a tree on the right bank, about 50 feet upstream 

from the bridge. The observer is R. M. McClatchy, station agent at 

Nottingham, who is paid by the Alabama Geological Survey.

The initial point for soundings is end of iron bridge, upstream, right 

bank. The channel is straight for about 500 feet above and below the 

station and the current is sluggish at low stages. The right bank is 

high and does not overflow; the left bank is lower than the right and 

overflows' at high stages; but all water passes beneath the bridge. 

The bed of the stream is of sand and silt and is fairly constant.

Bench mark No. 1 is a nail on the upstream corner of the right bank 

abutment; its elevation is 14.25 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench 

mark No. 2 is a copper plug set in the limestone rock at a large spring 

335 feet above the railway track on the right bank; its elevation is 

6.28 feet above the zero of the gage. The station was discontinued on 

December 31, 1904.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.
HALL AND"] 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 149

Discharge measurements of Talladega Creek at Nottingham, Ala., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

May 25 ........ 

July 27 ........

August 20......

October 2 ......

November 14...

1904. - 

January 20..... 

January 21.....

February 20.... 

March 10 ......

May 27 ........

May 27«. ------

August24......

September 22 . . 

December 13... 

December 13 a .

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ..... 

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

J.M.Giles..... 

.....do ........

Giles and MurPhJW.E.Hall.....

J.M.Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

A. T. Michelson 

J. M. Giles ..... 

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

70 

70

70 

70

55

27

69

70 

66 

32

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

285 

o«7

254

228

243

259

257

295 

9ft4

188

48

225

222 

214 

56

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

 0.85 

49

.46

or;

.33

.41 

.39

.79 

.55

OQ

1.04

.38

.32

.24 

.88

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.05

1 ^7

1.30

i no

1.21

1.30 

1.27

2.02 

1.51

i no

1.00

1.15

1.03 

1.05 

1.05

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

243 

111

116

<V7

80

105 

100

233 

14*1

4.4.

50

86

72 

52 

49

a Wagon bridge below mill, one-half mile above railroad bridge. 

Mean daily gage height, infect, of Talladega Creek at Nottingham, Ala., for 1904-

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23...

24..............

25..............

26.............. 

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Jan.

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.30

1.20

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.50

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.30

4.00

3.20

1.70

1.50 

1.40

1 40

1.40

1.40

1.40

Feb.

1.30

1.60

1.70

1.70

1.66

1.60

2.70

3.80

2.40

2.40

3.20

2.40

2.10

1.80

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.60

1.80

2.10

1.80

2.00

2.40

2.10

1.90

1.80 

1.70

1.60

Mar.

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.40

1.40

2.00

1.80

1.65

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.60

2.50

2.20

1.80

1.65

1.65

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.45

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.35

1.35

1.S5

Apr.

1.30

1.30

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.40

1.40

1.50

1.40

1.35

1.35

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.25 

1.25

1.20

1.20

May.

1.16

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1 00

1.00

1.00 

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.20

June.

1.20

1.40

1.20

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

.90

.85

80

1.00

1.00

i90

.90

.90

.85

.85

1.00 

.90

90

2.15

2.20

July.

1.70

1.20

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.05

1.00

1.00

1.10

1.00

1.80

1.80

1.25

1.10

1.05

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.10 

1.05

1.10

1.05

1.40

1.60

Aug.

1.75

2.45

1.35

2.10

5.60

3.20

2.65

5.70

4.10

3.00

3.10

2.40

2.00

1.70

1.65

2.10

1.55

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.50 

1.40

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.00

Sept.

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.05

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

1.00

1.05

1.40

1.20

1.00

1.00 

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Oct.

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.10

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

.95

.99 

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

Nov.

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.10

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.15

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.05

1.20

1.45

1.30

1.20

1.15 

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

Dec.

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.05

1.20

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.10

1.10

. 1.05

1.05

1.05

1..05

1.05

1.05

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.20

1.50 

2.50

2.90

1.70

. J.40

1.20
150 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Rating table for Talladega Creel1 at Nottingham, Ala., from January 1 to December 31, 1904. .

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

20

34

50

66

82

98

116

134

152

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

Discharge.

Second-feet.

172

192

213

235

257

279

302

326

350

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

Discharge.

Second-feet.

374

400

426

452

478

504

532

560

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.40

3.50'

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

588

616

644

672

700

730

760

790

The above table is poorly defined. It is based upon discharge measurements 

made during 1903 and 1904. The table has been extended beyond gage height 3 

feet.

Estimates of discharges above 4 feet by logarithmic diagram.

Estimated monthly discharge of Talladega Creek at Nottingham, Ala., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 156 square miles.]

Month.

January ......................

February .....................

March ........................

April.......... ... ............

May .........................

June .........................

July .........................

September. ...................

The year ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

760 

700 

350 

134 

82 

279 

192 

1,320 

116 

66 

125 

452

1,320

Minimum.

66 

98 

107 

82 

50 

20 

50 

50 

42 

34 

34 

50

20

Mean.

152 

239 

150 

101 

54.4 

63.3 

78.1 

278 

52.5 

47.9 

69.0 

91.7

115

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.974 

1.53 

.962 

.647 

.349 

.406 

.501 

1.78 

.337 

.307 

.442 

.588

.735

Depth in 

inches.

1.12 

1.65 

1.11 

.722 

.402 

.453 

.578 

2.05 

.376 

.354 

.493 

.678

9.99

TALLAPOOSA RIVER AT BUCHANAN BRIDGE, NEAR TALLAPOOSA, GA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station October 21,1901, 

by M. E. Hall. It is located at Buchanan Bridge, about 4 miles north
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BA8IN. 151

of Tallapoosa, Ga., and about 2 miles above the station on Tallapoosa 

River at Adderhold Bridge. Discharge measurements are made from 

the single-span iron highway bridge, having trestle approach of 100 

feet on the right bank and 50 feet on the left bank. The initial point 

for soundings is the end of the bridge at the right bank, downstream 

side. The channel is straight for about 800 feet above and 1,000 feet 

below the station. The current is moderate above and swift below the 

measuring section. The banks rarely overflow. The bed of the stream 

is composed of rock and gravel, free from vegetation, and is probably 

constant. There is but one channel at all stages, broken at the higher 

levels by the piers and trestle work of the bridge. The bench mark is 

the top of the downstream end of the center floor beam, the third from 

either end. Its elevation is 25.25 feet above gage datum.

Discharge measurements of Tallapoosa River at Buchanan Bridge, near Tallapoosa, Ga. ,

in 1904-

Date.

March 26 ......

May 14 ........

July 19........

August 31......

September 26 . .

Hydrographer.

W.E. Hall.....

J.M.Giles.....

W.E. Hall.....

J.M.Giles.....

A.T.Mitchelson

Width.

Feet.

71

39

39

38

40

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

161

96

89

99

90

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.12

.41

.25

.59

.37

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.55

.83

.65

.81

.71

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

180

39

22

59

33

TALLAPOOSA RIVER AT ADDERHOLD BRIDGE, NEAR TALLAPOOSA, GA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station Januar}^ 7,1901, 

by M. R. Hall. It is located at Adderhold Bridge, about 2 miles north 

of Tallapoosa, Ga., and about 2 miles below the station on Tallapoosa 

River at Buchanan Bridge. Discharge measurements are made from 

the downstream side of the single-span iron highway bridge, which 

has trestle approaches at either end. The initial point for soundings is 

the end of the bridge at the left bank, downstream side. The channel 

is straight for about 300 feet above and 500 feet below the station. 

The current is swift above and sluggish below. Both banks are wooded 

and are subject to overflow under the trestle approaches during high 

water. The bed of the stream is composed of sand, and probably 

constant. There is but one channel at all stages, broken during the 

higher levels by the piers and trestlework of the bridge. The bench 

mark is the top of the downstream end of the iirst floor beam from the 

left bank. Its elevation is 22.00 feet above gage datum.
STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PAKT IV. [NO. 127.

Discharge measurements of Tattapoosa River at Adderhold Bridge, near Tallapoosa, Ga.,

in 1904.

Date.

March 9 .......

March 26......

May 14 ........

July 19........

August 31 ...... 

September 26 . .

Hydrographer.

W. E. Hall....

M.R.andW.E.

Hall. 

J. M. Giles ....

W. E. Hall ....

J. M. Giles .... 

A. T. Mitchelson

Width.

Feet. 

78

75

65

75

78 

78

Area of 

. section.

Square feet. 

250

232

168

159

205 

181

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.10

.94

.35

.20

.39

.27

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.20

1.22

.60

.30

.65 

.39

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

274

218

59

32

80 

50

TALLAPOOSA RIVER NEAR HEFLIN, ALA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. It is located 

at Denman's wagon bridge, about 7 miles southwest of Heflin, Ala., on 

the road to Wedowee, Ala. The elevation of the water surface at the 

time of each discharge measurement is referred to a common datum. 

Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the 

two-span wooden bridge resting upon three trestle bents and short 

trestle approaches on each side. The floor of the bridge is about 20 

feet above low water. The initial point for soundings is at the center 

of the trestle bent at the left end of the bridge on the downstream side. 

The channel is straight for about 800 feet above and 500 feet below the 

station. The current is moderate above and sluggish below the measuring section. The right bank is high, but is subject to overflow during high stages. The left bank is high and overflows only at extreme 

high water. The bed of the stream is composed of gravel, free from 

vegetation. There is but one channel at all stages, broken by the pile 

supports of the bridge. The section is a fairly good one. At an old 

ford a short distance below, the section is good for wading. The bench 

mark is the top of the downstream end of the cap beam of the center 

pile bent of the bridge. Its elevation is 24.00 feet above gage datum.

Discharge measurements of Tallapoosa River near Heflin, Ala., in 1904-

Date.

September 24 . .

Novembers....

November 4....

December 15...

Hydrographer.

A. T. Mitchelson

J.M.Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

107

90

98

114

114

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

201

142

173

267

249

Mean 

velocity.

Foot per sec.

0.68

.44

.53

.68

.65

Gage 

height.

Feel.

1.18

.80

1.15

1.67

1.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

137

62

92

181

162
HAHOYTND] MOBILE BIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 153 

TALLAPOOSA RIVER AT STURDEVANT, ALA.

This station was established July 19, 1900, by J. R. Hall. It is 

located at the Columbus and Western Railroad bridge, a fourth of a 

mile west of Sturdeyant. This railroad belongs to the Central of 

Georgia Railway. This station, being above the big new dams at 

Tallassee, is intended to replace Milstead station. Map and profile of 

Tallapoosa River is published in Twenty-second Annual Report, part 

4. The gage is a vertical timber in two sections. The first section, 

reading from zero to 5.2 feet, is fastened to a post on the east bank 

about 20 feet below the bridge. The second section, reading from 5 

to 20 feet, is fastened to the east side of the first pier in the water on 

the east bank. The gage is read once each day by C. J. .Stowe, who 

is paid by the Alabama Geological Survey. At ordinary stages discharge measurements are made from a footway supported by the bracing of the lower chord of the deck bridge. At low stages measurements are made from a boat or by wading about 2,000 feet upstream 

or about 500 feet below the bridge. The initial point for soundings 

is the end of the iron bridge on the east or left bank, downstream side. 

Distances are marked in white paint along the hand rail of the footway.

The channel is slightly curved directly above the bridge and for 

about one-half mile below. The current is swift and much broken by 

shoals below the bridge, but is sluggish at low stages at and near the 

station. Both banks are high, the right overflowing for about 150 

feet and the left for about 200 feet. The bed is of rock and gravel 

and is probably permanent.

Bench mark No. 1 is a wire nail driven in the southwest corner of 

the second pier on the east bank. Its elevation is 14.20 feet above 

the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is a copper plug set in solid 

rock in the bed of the river about 80 feet below the bridge, at a point 

400 feet from the end of the bridge at the left bank. This is solid 

bed rock projecting above the water at ordinary stages. Its elevation 

is 4.89 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is a white 

paint mark on the top of the downstream end of the lower crossbeam 

at a point 278 feet from the initial point for soundings. Its elevation 

is 27.65 feet above the zero of the gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.
154 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Discharge measurements of Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

May 22........

July 25«. ......

August 22 « ....

August 24 « ....

October 3 « ....

1904. 

January 25..... 

March 11 ...... 

April 12. ......

May 28«. ......

May 28«.......

August 26......

October 13 « .'. .

October 13 &....

October 13«....

October 18&_...

October 186....

October 18 &....

Hydrographer.

J.M.Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

J.M.Giles..... 

W. E. Hall ....

J. M. Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do .........

.....do ....."...

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

378

228

236

269

190

165

181

190

389 

370 

321

165

165

317

375

399

135

67

60

66

66

66

180

Area of 

section.

Squarejeet. 

3,274

1,068

1,096

2,070

831

650

646

806

2,894 

2,742 

2,310

553

558

2,219

2,626

3,505

422

305

242

309

301

300

671

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.40

2.10

1.68

.71

1.94

1.28

1.29

1.42

1.28 

1.04

.87

' 1.08

1.06

.74

1.13

2.37

.77

1.07

1.25

.91

.91

.90

1.47

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.00

2.45

2.20

1.88

1.86

1.05

1.05

1.58

3.57 

3.05 

2.40

.65

.65

2.12

3.14

5.50

.03

.03

.03

- .10

- .10

- .10

1.45

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

4,580

2,247

1,837

1,485

1,616

834

835

1,148

3,718 

2,866 

2,011

599

592

1,643

2,978

8,292

324

326

303

282

273

270

984

a At shoal one-third mile above Central of Georgia Railroad bridge. 

b From boat 150 yards below bridge. 

e From boat 200 yards below bridge;
HALL AND") 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 155 

Main daily gage height, in feet, of Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., for 1904'

Day.

1..............

2.............. 

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16... ..........

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26........ . ...

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

1.7

1.7 

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.9

3.3

2.8

*> q

2.3

2.1

2.0

3.9

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.6

3.8

5.4

4.3

3.6

3.1

2.8

2.5

2.4

Feb.

2.8

2.7

3.4

5.8

4.4

5.3

4.8

4.1

3.6

3.3

3.0

2.9

O K

2.8

3.6

3.7

4.6

5.1

4.8

4.1

3

0

3.1

o 9

Mar.

2.8

2.9 

3.3

2.9

2.8

2.6

4.9

4.2

3 9

3.5

3.1

o 9

2.7

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

Apr.

2.2

2.2 

2.1

2.1

3.4

3.4

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.9

2.0

May.

1.9

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

9

9

.7

June.

3.2

2.5

1.8

1.6

1 R

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

9

.5

.4

o

0

1.3

1.0

9

.8

4.4

'} Q

July.

2.3

2.0 

1 9

1 t\

1.1

1.4

1.2

.6

.6

.8

1.3

3.0

1.6

1.0

.7

.6

.5

1.5

.6

.3

1.3

1.5

.7

.7

Aug.

3.0

2.8 

2.3

3.1

5.4

5.1

5.6

13.4

9.1

8.5

7.1

4.3

3.5

3.0

4.5

3.2

3.8

3.0

° 2

2.0

1.8

1.5

2.1

3.5

PL ft

3.5

2.3

1.9

Sept.

1.6

1.4 

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.6

1.6

1.3

1.1

1.0

.8

' .8

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.5

.9

2.0

2.6

1.7

1.0

.7

.6

.5

Oct.

0.5

.4 

.3

.2

.1

.1

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

- .1

_ ^

.0

- .1

- .1

- .1

- .2

- .2

o

_ 2

- .2

- .1

- .1

Nov.

-0.1

.0

.1

.3

.7

.9

.8

.8

.8

.7

.6

.7

.7

.8

.9

.8

.9

.8

1.0

1.2

2.0

1.9

1.5

1.3

1.0

.9

.9

Dec.

0.9

1.0 

1.4

1.5

1.9

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.0

1.7

 1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.7

1.8

3.4

4.8

4.0

2.9

2.5

Rating table for Tallapoosa River at Sturdevant, Ala., from January 1 to December 31,

1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.20

- .10

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

250

275

305

339

377

418

462

509

558

609

662

717

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.20

Discharge.

Second-feet.

774

834

897

963

1,032

1,105

1,182

1,264

1,352

1,446

, 1, 545

1,757

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1, 985

2,230

* 2,495

2,780

3,085

3,410

3,755

4,120

4,500

4,900

5,330

5,780

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.80

5. 00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

6,250

6,740

7,240

7,760

8,300

8,860

9,430

12, 380

15, 480

18, 690
156 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

The preceding table is based upon fifteen discharge measurements made during 1904 

and some during 1903. Above 6 feet it is based on four measurements made in 1905.

Estimated monthly discharge of Tallapoosa River at Sturdevunt, Ala., for 1904. 

[Drainage area, 2,500 square miles.]

Month.

January ......................

February .....................

March. . ......................

April .........................

May. .........................

June .........................

July..........................

August .......................

October ......................

November ....................

December ....................

The year. ..............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,760 

8,860 

6,490 

3,410 

2,495 

5,330 

2,780 

34, 200 

2,230 

509 

1,545 

6, 250

34, 200

Minimum.

1,264 

2,230

1,757 

1,352 

558 

377 

418 

1,105 

509 

250 

275 

717

250

Mean.

2,500 

4,089 

2,749 

1,757 

991 

1,084 

1,086 

5,855 

850 

314 

722 

1,562

1,966

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.00 

1.64 

1.10 

.703 

.396 

.434 

.434 

2.34 

.340 

.126 

.290 

.625

.786

Depth in 

inches.

1.15 

1.77 

1.27 

.784 

.456 

.484 

.500 

2.70 

.379 

.145 

.324 

.721

10.68

LITTLE TALLAPOOSA RIVER 3 MILES NORTH OF WEDOWEE, ALA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. It is located 

at " Iron" highway bridge, 3 miles north of Wedowee, Ala., on the 

Wedowee-Heflin road. Discharge measurements are made fr.om the 

downstream side of the single-span bridge, the floor of which is 26 to 

28 feet above low-water surface. The initial point for soundings is 

the end of the bridge at the left bank, downstream side. The channel 

is straight for about 1,000 feet above and 800 feet below the station. 

The current is moderate. The right bank is fairly high, fringed with 

trees, and overflows during high water. The left bank is high, wooded 

above, and cultivated below the bridge, and not subject to overflow. 

The bed of the stream is composed of clean gravel. There is but one 

channel at all stages. There is a small sand reef just above the bridge 

near the right bank; otherwise, this is a good section. Bench mark 

No. 1 is the top of the large nut on pin connecting eyebars of lower 

chord at end of first floor beam from the left bank on the downstream side of the bridge. Its elevation is 25.00 feet above gage 

datum. Bench mark No. 2 is a chisel mark on the intermediate post 

above the same, downstream end of first floor beam. Its elevation is 

32.00 feet above gage datum.
] MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 157

Discharge measurements of Little Tattapoosa River 3 miles north of Wedowee, A la., in 1904.

Date.

September 23 . .

November 3 ...

Hydrographer.

A.T.Mitchelson

J. M. Giles....

Width.

Feet. '

130

115

Area of 

section.

Square feet.

431

385

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

0.54

.26

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.48

1.20

Discharge. 

Second-feet.

236

102

LITTLE TALLAPOOSA RIVER 6 MILES NORTHWEST OF WEDOWEE, ALA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. It is located 

at the highway bridge about 6 miles northwest of Wedowee and several 

miles above the mouth of the river. Discharge measurements are 

made from the downstream side of the iron bridge, which consists of 

a single span of 140 feet with trestle approaches 100 feet long at each 

end. The floor of the bridge is about 28 feet above low water. The 

initial point for soundings is the center of the pier at the left bank, 

downstream side. The channel is straight for about 500 feet above 

a'nd 1,000 feet below the station. The current is swift. Both banks 

are clean, and overflow only under the trestle approach. The bed of 

the stream is composed of rock and gravel, free from vegetation, and 

is constant. There is but one channel at low water, broken at high 

water by the piers and trestle approach of the bridge. Bench mark 

No. 1 is the downstream end of the second floor beam from the left 

bank. Its elevation is 27.00 feet above gage datum. Bench mark 

No. 2 is a chisel mark on the intermediate post at this floor beam. 

Its elevation is 32.00 feet above gage datum.

Discharge measurements of Little Tattapoosa River 6 miles northwest of Wedowee, Ala.,

in 1904.

Date.

November 4 ...

December 14...

December 15 . . .

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet.

120

125

125

Area of 

section.

Squarefeet.

283

329

327

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec.

0.44

.64

.65*

Gage, 

height.

Feet.

0.70

1.02

1.02

Discharge.

Second-feet.

124

211

214

CAHABA RIVER AT CENTERVILLE, ALA.

The station was established on August 7, 1901, and is situated at 

the iron highway bridge one-fourth mile west of Centerville, Ala., onehalf mile above the Mobile and Ohio Railroad bridge. The bridge is 

a single span supported by tubular iron piers.

The chain gage is fastened to the timber fencing along the downstream side of the bridge. The pulley is 100 feet from the initial
158 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

point, which is the end of the iron bridge on the left bank, downstream side. The length of the chain from the end of the weight to 

the marker is 51.35 feet. The observer is Clyde Lowrey, who is paid 

by the Alabama Geological Survey.

The channel is straight for 1,500 feet above the station and for onehalf mile below. The current is swift. The right bank overflows at 

extreme high water. The left bank overflows only under the approach 

to the bridge. The bed is nearly all rock, and there is but one channel.

Bench mark No. 1 is the downstream end of the floor beam 100 feet 

from the initial point for soundings and is 4:2.85 feet above gage datum. 

Bench mark No. 2 is a copper plug set in a solid rock about 6 feet 

from the edge of the water and 250 feet below the bridge on the left 

bank. Its elevation is 6.44 feet above gage datum.

The observations at this station during 1904: have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

« Discharge measurements of Cahaba River at Centerville, Ala., in 1903 and 1904-

Date.

1903.

April 9 &..-.---

June 17 ° ......

June 18 « ......

July 20«. .......

July 21 «. ......

September 28 «.

September 29 «.

November 8 « . .

November 10 « .

1904. 

February 22 ... 

June 25 c ......

Augusts.. .....

August 4... ....

October 31 .....

October 31 .....

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles.-..

.... .do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Murphy & Giles 

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

161

180

125

125

140

127

107

100

110

100

145 

100

128

128

113

113

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

906

1,834

416

414

591

482

311

314

338

329

556 

207

315

304

189

196

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

1.80

1.21

1.00

.95

1.28

1.07

.68

.69

.60

.68

1.54 

1.00

1.33

1.25

.54

.55

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.15

6.65

2.05

2.00

3.23

2.36

1.31

1.30

1.32

1.40

3.47 

1.29

1.97

1.88

.86

.88

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

1,637

2,225

416

394

757

516

212

218

203

223

856 

208

419

381

103

108

« Measurement taken at wagon bridge.

b Measurement taken at Mobile and Ohio Railroad bridge.

c Channel silted badly.
HALL AND"! 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 159

Mean, daily gage height, in feet, of Cahaba Riper at Center pitte, Ala., for 1904.

Day.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.'.............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

23..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Jan.

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.8

1.9

2.2

2.8

3.1

o o

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.9

2.6

8.8

4.8

3.4

3.0

2.4

2.9 

2.8

Feb.

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.8

6.7

11.5

6.0

6.4

10.0

7.2

5.5

5.4

4.6

4.1

3

0

o -i

3.3

3.5

3.1

o 9

2.8

2.7

.......

Mar.

2.6

2.5

2 4

2.3

2.2

3.0

6.4

7.0

5.4

4.2

3.8

3.4

3

-1

3

0

5.4

4.3

3 9

3.6

3.5

3.3

3 A

o 9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.1 

2.0

Apr.

2.2

3

-1

2.4

2.3

2 2

2.1

2 1

2 0

1 9

1 9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

May.

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.4

1 Q

1 *%

1 ^

1 ^

1 3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1 3

1.4 

1.6

June.

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

2 5

1.7

1.6

1.4

1

0

1 ^

1 2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.2

1 ^

1.1

1.0

July.

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.8

1.2

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.2

i ^

1.2

1.2

1 ^

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.6

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.4

2.1

1.7

1.7 

1.6

Aug.

1.6

1.6

2.2

2.0

2.0

7.1

5.5

5.1

4.7

3.7

3.7

3.8

2

0

5.6

3.6

2.5

2 0

1.8

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.5

1.2

1.5 

1.3

Sept.

1 -

1.2

1.1

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Oct.

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

9

9

9

9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.9 

.9

Nov.

0.9

.9

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

Dec.

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

2.0

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.7

2.0

3.1

4.7

6.0

5.1 

2.6

Rating table for Cahaba River at Centerville, Ala., from January 1 to December SI, 1904-

1 Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

Discharge.

Second-feet.

90

111

133

156

180

205

232

260

289

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

318

348

378

408

438

468

498

529

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00'

3.20

3.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

560

591

622

653

684

715

779

.844

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

911

982

1,056

1,131

1,207

1,285

1,366

1,450

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made during 1903 and 

1904. It is fairly well denned between gage heights 0.8 foot and 3.5 feet. Above 

3.5 feet the curve is uncertain, as the high-water measurements are inconsistent.
160 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Estimated monthly discharge of Cahaba River at Centernlle, Ala., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 1,040 square miles.]

Month.

January ......................

February .....................

March ........................

April .........................

May ........... ..............

July .........................

August .......................

September. ...................

October ......................

November ....................

December ....................

The year ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maxiura.

4,215 

5,060 

2, 395 

747 

318 

560 

438 

2, 445 

318 

133 

205 

1,900

5,060

Minimum.

260 

591 

408 

289 

180 

133 

156 

180 

133 

90 

111 

156

90

Mean.

721 

1,290 

866 

419 

241 

205 

233 

623 

165 

110 

153 

397

452

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.693 

1.24 

.833 

.403 

.232 

.197 

.224 

.599 

.159 

.106 

.147 

.382

.435

Depth in 

inches.

0.799 

1.34 

.960 

.450 

.268 

.220 

.258 

.691 

.177 

.122 

.164 

.440

5.89

TOMBIGBEE RIVER AT COLUMBUS, MISS.

The gage is located about 1,000 feet below the county highway 

bridge, 1 mile from the Southern Kailway station at Columbus, Miss. 

A vertical 3 by 10 inch pine timber is fastened to the blue-rock bluff on 

the left bank and is marked with brass figures and brass nails from 

 5 to +43 feet. Discharge measurements are made from the county 

highway bridge at the south end of Main street. The initial point for 

soundings is the end of the iron bridge on the right bank, downstream 

side. The channel is slightly curved for 500 feet above and 1,000 feet 

below the station. The current is sluggish at low stages and very swift 

above a gage height of 12 feet. The right bank is high and seldom 

overflows. The left bank overflows from gage height 18 to 22 feet. 

The bed of the stream is of soft blue rock.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the downstream girder at a point 

250 feet from the initial point for soundings. Its elevation is 39.88 

feet above the zero of the gage. This point is on the movable portion 

of the drawbridge and may vary in elevation. Bench mark No. 2 is 

a copper plug in a tree at the southeast corner of First street and 

Second avenue. Its elevation is 17.94 feet above the zero of the 

gage. This tree has boards nailed to it, showing the names of the 

streets. Bench mark No. 3 is the top of the rail at the depot of the 

Southern Kailway and is 55.20 feet above gage datum and 191 feet 

above mean sea level.
HALL AND"] 

HOYT. j MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 161

The observer, J. J. Richards, is paid by the United States Weather 

Bureau.

The width of the river at low water is 160 feet. The maximum 

recorded height of the river was on April 8, 1892, when the gage registered 42 feet. The lowest recorded height was on October 26,1893, 

when the gage reading was 3.9 feet. The danger line is at 33 feet.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Tombigbee River at Columbus, M-iss., in 1903 and 1904-

Date.

1903.

March 12..,,...

May 18........

July 16........

July 17........

September 25 « .

1904. 

January 13 .....

February 25 ... 

March 23......

October 29 &....

Hydrographer.

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles.... 

.....do ........

J. M. Giles and 

E.G. Murphy.

W. E. Hall .... 

J. M. Giles....

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

307

317

297

88

88

55

116

104 

106

119

133 

ion

66

66

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

5,884

6,586

4,655

1,040

1,034

805

1 S7

1,072 

1,107

1,230

1,359 

1,216

128

128

Mean 

velocity.

Feet pei- sec. 

4.49

4.40

3.82

1.29

1.24

.31

1.40

1.06

.97

1.86

2.14

1.87

1.27

1.23

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

15.50

17.30

12.50

- 1.70

- 1.80

- 3.70

3.70

- 1.80 

2.00

- .30

.30 

- .50

- 3.80

3.80

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

26, 450

29, 020

17,800

1,340

1,278

252

263

1,137 

1,072

2,290

2,913 

2,270

162

^58

a Measured 1 mile below wagon bridge, which is about one-third mile below the Mobile and Ohio 

Railroad bridge. N 

b From boat at shoal, one-third mile below Mobile and Ohio Railroad bridge.

IER 127 Of -11
162 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Tombigbee River at Columbus, Miss., for 1904-

Day.

1. .............

4..............

6..............

8..............

g

10..............

12..............

14"..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

23..............

24.............. 

25..............

26.............. 

27.............. 

28.............. 

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Jan.

-1.8 

1 9

1.6

-1.4

-1.4

1.4

1 R

-1.6

1.5

-1.7

-1.7

 1 9

1 9

 1 9

-2.0

-1.6

1.6

.0 

1.0

1.7 

1.9 

2.0 

1.4

1.6

Feb.

1.6 

1.0

.4

.0

Q

^

6

- .4

_ >

- .5

- .7

q

1.0

Q

_ g 

g

- .3

- .7

_ g

-1.3

.......

Mar.

-1.3

O

- .6

.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1 ^

1 ^

1.7

1.7

1.4 

1.4

2.6 

2.8 

2.9 

3.5 

3.5

3.5

Apr.

4.6 

5.3

6.0

6.2 

6.0

6.0

*> 5

5.2

4.6

4.0

3 7

2.4

3.0

2.8

2.0

1.6

.4

q

- .5

- .6 

- ,8 

- .9 

-1.0 

-1,2

May.

-1.3 

1 3

1 3

-1.5

,1.6

1 R

-1.8

1 9

0 O

O Q

2.3

 > 4

-2.4

o r.

-2.5

-2.5 

-2.5

-2.3

June.

_ o g

-2.3

O Q

 ) 4

1.8

1 ?\

1 t\

-1.6

1 0

-1.8

1 9

1 9

2.0

2 1

o o

<> o

0 0

»> o

-2.3

«> q

-2.3 

-2.3 

-1.8 

-2.0 

-1.8

July.

-1.0

1.7

-1.5

1 9

1 9

- 1.8

-1.9

1 9

-1.8

-1.8

O ft

 2. 2

-2.6

-2.7

-2.9

o g

2.8

O 0

-2.0 

1 9

-1.9 

-1.5 

- .8 

- .8 

-1.2

-1.5

Aug.

-1.8

-1.2 

1.1

1.0

g

- .6

.0

4

Q

o g

2.9

3

1

3.2

s °

-3.1

3

1

-3.1 

-3.1 

-3.2 

-3.2

-3.3

Sept.

-3.3

3.2

-3.2 

3.2

3.2

q q

q q

q q

-3.4

q ±

-3.5

q x.

3

r

-3.5

3.5

3.5

q n:

q r

3 °

 2.8

o o

-2.8 

-2.8

.......

Oct.

-2.8 

-2.8

-2.9

-2.9 

 ° 9

2.9

-2.9

_ o g

 ) g

-2.9

-2.9

-2.9

-2.9

2 9

 2 9

-3.0

-3.0

-3.0

q n

-3.0

q ft

3 0

3.0

-3.0 

3.0

-3.0 

-3.0 

-3.0 

-3.0 

-3.1

-3.1

Nov.

 3. 1 

-3.0

-2.4

-2.4

-2.4

-2.5

2.6

-2.6

-2.6

-2.6

-2.6

-2.6

-2.6

2.4

-2.4

-2.5 

-2.5 

-2.5 

-2.5

.......

Dec.

-2.2

-1.8

-1.6 

-1.6

-1.6

-1.6

-1.6

-1.6

-1.6

-1.7

-1.8

-1.8

1.8

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8

-1.8

1 0

-1.8

1 O

1 q

-1.9

-1.7 

-1.5 

-1.4 

-1.0 

1.5

2.5

Ratinij table for Tombigbee River at, Columbus, Miss., from January 1 to December 31,1904-

Gage 

height.

Feet.

 4.00

-3.90

-3.80

-3.70

-3. 60

3.50

 3.40

 3.30

-3.20

-3.10

 3.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

100

130

160

190

230

270

320

370

420

470

520

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-2.80

-2.60

 2.40

 2.20

 2.00

-1.80

 1.60

 1.40

 1.20

-1.00

- .80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

620

720

830

950

1,070

1,200

1,340

1,480

1,640

1,800

1,960

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.60

- .40

- .20

.00

.20

.40

.60

.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

Discharge.

Second-feet.

2,120

2,290

2,470

2,650

2,830

3,010

3,200

3,400

3,600

3,800

4,000

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

4,210

4,430

4, 650

5,200

5,800

6,400

7,050

7,700

8,350

9,000

9,700

The above table is based upon discharge measurements made from 1901 to 1904. 

It is fairly well defined. Above 7 feet the 1903 and 1904 rating tables are identical.
HALL ANDl 

HOYT. J MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 163

Estimated monthly discharge of Tombigbee River near Columbus, Miss., for 1904- 

[Drainage area, 4,440 square miles.]

Month.

March ........................

April .........................

July .........................

August .--...-...-......-.....

November ._...,.. .............

December ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,650 

4,210 

6,400 

9,980 

1,560 

1,410 

1,960 

2,650 

620 

620 

950 

5,200

9,980

Minimum.

1,070 

1,560 

1,560 

1,640 

770 

830 

570 

370 

270 

470 

470 

950

270

Mean.

1,991 

2,209 

3,785 

5,456 

1,059 

1,041 

1,135 

1,175 

402 

544 

765 

1,475

1,753

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.448 

.498 

.852 

1.23 

.239 

.234 

.256 

.265 

.091 

.123 

.172 

.332

.395

Depth in 

inches.

0.516 

.537 

.982 

1.37 

.276 

.261 

.295 

.306 

.102 

.142 

.192 

.383

5.36

BLACK WARRIOR RIVER NEAR CORDOVA, ALA.

This station is located at the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham 

Railroad bridge, which crosses the river below the junction of the 

Mulberry and Sipsey forks, and about three-fourths of a mile from 

Cordova, Ala. The gage was established by the United States Weather 

Bureau, but observations by that bureau have been discontinued. 

From 12 to 55 feet the gage is a vertical timber bolted to the inside of 

the bridge pier on the left bank of the river. Below 12 feet the gage, 

was sloping, but it was out of position and could not be used when the 

station was established by the United States Geological Survey on May 

21, 1900, so a short new section was put in at that time. This section 

is a 2 by 10 inch plank, graduated to feet and tenths, from 1.5 

to +12.5 feet, and spiked to a willow tree on the right bank of the 

river about 200 feet below the bridge.

Measurements are made from the downstream side of the railroad 

bridge, which is a two-span iron through bridge. The span across 

the river is 300 feet long. A pier is being built in the river, and the 

long span will be replaced by two shorter ones. The span on the left 

bank is about 150 feet long. At low stages discharge measurements 

are made from a boat or by wading at a point some distance below the 

bridge. The channel is curved for 500 feet above and straight for 

1,000 feet below the station. The right bank is a rock bluff and will not 

overflow. The left bank overflows only under the second span of the 

bridge. The bed of the stream is of rock and is permanent. The
164 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

channel has a width of about 180 feet at low water and about 450 feet 

at high stages.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the fourth crossbeam from the right 

bank, on the downstream side. Its elevation is 60.09 feet above the 

zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is a copper plug in the solid 

rock about 110 feet above the bridge, 50 feet from the initial point for 

soundings. Its elevation is 32.12 feet above the zero of the gage. 

The top of the pier at the left bank is 55.10 feet above the zero of the 

gage.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Black Warrior River near Cordova, Ala., in 1903 and 1904.

Date.

1903. 

March 6 .......

May 19 ........

Julyl7«.......

August 27 & ....

August 29 & ....

September 25 c .

1904. 

January 16«... 

February 24 ....

March 23 ......

May 25 &.......

October 26*....

October 26 <*_...

Hydrographer.

J.M.Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles. ....

J. M. Giles and 

E.G. Murphy.

M.R.andW.E.

Hall. 

J. M.Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

240

220

206

184

178

182

181

137

182 

181

191

180

185

48

48

Area of 

section.

Squarefeet. 

4 995

 9 fiOft

1,991

1,261

576

546

501

134

554 

1,200

1,638

509

1,263

75

72

Mean

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

4.56

3.61

2.59

.82

:53

.38

.28

.58

.39

.65

1.88

.34

.80

.34

.34

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

13.90

6.90

4.34

.50

- .30

- .48

 .65

- .90

- .40

.28

2.65

- .50

.49

 1.00

 1.00

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

19, 250

9,486

5,159

1,036

306

208

142

78

216

785

3,086

171

1,011

25

24

a One-fourth mile below Frisco System Railroad bridge. 

bOne-third mile below Frisco System Railroad bridge. 

f At fish trap 3 miles below bridge. 

dBoat 100 yards above Southern Railway bridge.
HALL A* 

HOYT,ND] MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 165

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Black Warrior River near Cordova, Ala., for 1904.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

14..............

IK

16..............

17.............

18..............

19..............

°0

^l

00

25..............

''6

28..............

°9

30..............

31..............

Jan.

-0.4

- .4

5

_ ^

_ 5

_ 5

- .4

- .4

- .5

- .5

__ Fj

- .5

5

_ 5

_ 3

_ 3

_ 9

0

.0

.0

Feb.

-0.1

.0

.1

.0

__ 1

__ J

- .1

.3

.1

' .4

.7

.4

3

0

.1

.1

.0

.0

.3

Mar.

.0

.0

.0

3.2

5.4

3.5

O Q

2.0

2.4

5.5

6.8

4.5

3.2

2.5

2.2

5.5

5.7

4.3

2.8

Apr.

2.4

S

O

3

-1

2

0

<> 4

3.7

5.2

4 ^

4.0

2.1

1.6

1.5

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.4

-j

.1

- .1

.4

- .5

May.

0.5

fj

.5

fj

.6

.5

.0

_ 2

_ o

o

5

Ij

*?

a

a

fi

i ^

June.

1.2

.1

g

4

3

 >

4

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

- .6

.7

7

2.6

July.

o

.3

.3 -".3

- .1

- .2

.3

.6

.1

- .4

- .3

- .5

q

.4

j

.5

- .5

- .5

Aug.

0.5

3

1.0

9

1.1

1.1

.8

 ; _ ?

>)

o

3

4

7

.7

- .8

__ U

Sept.

.8

.5

- .5

.6

.8

.8

- .8

Q

- .8

- .8

- .9

9

_ 9

9

9

1.0

-1.0

Oct.

1.0

1.0

1.0

-1.0

-1.0

- .9

- .9

- .9

__ g

g

- .9

_ 9

_ 9

9

9

.9

9

__ Q

_ 9

.9

9

_ 9

_ 9

_ 9

Nov.

0 9

9

9

.3

.4

- .5

- .5

- .5

.5

- .5

- .6

- .6

- .6

- .6

.6

.1

.1

.1

.0

.0

1

- .1

_ ^

Dec.

0

0

9

1

0

3

0

2.7

1 ^

1.1

1.2

9

.4

.2

.1

.0

- .1

_ i

.0

.0

J

J

2

.0

.2

12.4

6.5

3.8

2.4
166 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Rating table for Black Warrior Rirer near Cordom, Ala., from January 1 to December 31,

1904.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

 1.00

 .90

- .80

- .70

 .60

 .50

- .40

- .30

 .20

- .10

Discharge.

Second-feet.

28

53

80

110

145

190

250

320

400

480

Gage 

height.

Feet. \

0.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

Discharge.

Second-feet.

560

- 645

730

820

910

1,000

1,090

1,180

1,270

1,360

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

Discharge.

Second-feet.

1,450

1,630

1,820

2,010

2,210

2,410

2,615

2,830

3,060

3,300

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

. 3.80

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

Discharge.

Second-feet.

3,540

3,780

4,030

4,290

4,550

4,820

5,520

6,230

6,955

7,700

The above table is based upon twenty-six discharge measurements made during 

1900-1904. It is well denned between gage heights 1.0 feet and 6.0 feet. The 

table has been extended beyond these limits, being based on three high-water 

measurements. Above gage height 6 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 150 per tenth.

Estimated monthly discharge of Black Warrior River near Corpora, Ala., for 1904. 

[Drainage area, 1,900 square miles.]

Month.

February .....................

July .........................

October J. ....................

November ....................

December ... .................

The year. ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,420 

1,180 

11,600 

9,500 

1,725 

3,060 

3,180 

1,630 

190 

53 

645 

17,300

17,300

Minimum.

190 

. 480 

560 

190 

145 

80 

190 

80 

28 

28 

53 

400

28

Mean.

613

720 

3,818 

2,606 

409 

378 

516 

693 

78.0 

44.9 

298 

2,277

1,038

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.323 

.379 

2.01 

1.37 

.215 

.199 

.272 

.365. 

.041 

.024 

.157 

1.20

.546

Depth in 

inches.

0.372 

.409 

2.32 

1.53

.248 

222 

.314 

.421 

.046 

.028 

.175 

1.38

7.46
H HLoLYT.ND ] MOBILE KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN". 167 

BLACK WARRIOR RIVER AT TUSCALOOSA, ALA.

A continuous record of gage heights at Tuscaloosa since 1889 has 

been kept by the United States Engineer Corps. During 1895 and 

1896 a number of discharge measurements were also made, from which 

a rating table was obtained, and since that time measurements of 

flow have been made by the United States Geological Survey. The 

station is located about one-fourth of a mile above Mobile and Ohio 

Railroad bridge. There are three locks and dams within about 3 miles 

above the station.

The gage is located about three-fourths of a mile from tne business 

center of Tuscaloosa, Ala. It is reached by passing down Bridge 

street to the river, thence down the east bank 1,800 feet. There is also 

a vertical iron gage on the downstream side of the second pier from the 

left bank of the highway bridge, from which the discharge measurements are made. Discharge measurements are made from the iron 

highway bridge above the gage. The initial point for soundings is 

the end of the iron bridge on the left bank, downstream side. The 

channel is straight for 15,000 feet above and below the station; its 

width at low water is 280 feet and at high stages 625 feet. The current is sluggish at low stages. Both banks are high and steep and 

overflow only at extreme stages. The greater part of the bed is of 

rock and is permanent. There is but one channel, broken by the 

three bridge piers.

Bench mark No. 1 is on a willow tree 10 feet west of the gage; its 

elevation is 10.54 feet above the zero of the gage and 97.34 feet above 

the Mobile datum. Bench mark No. 2 is on a small hackberry tree 30 

feet south of the upper end of the gage; it& elevation is 52.06 feet 

above the zero of the gage and 139.36 feet above the Mobile datum. 

Daily gage heights are furnished to the Geological Survey by the 

United States engineers.

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.
170 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127. 

Mean daily gage height, in feet, of Clear Creek near Elk, Ala., for 1904.

Day.

1........................................'....

3............................................

5............................................

6.......... .................................

8............................................

9......................... ..................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

15............................................

1C............................................

17............................................

18............................ ..............

19............................................

20................'............................

21............................................

22............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30............................................

31............................................

June.

.65

80

July.

0.80

.80

.80

.80

.90

.90

.95

1.00

1.10

1.00

.90

1.10

1.10

.90

90

.90

.85

.85

.85

.86

.95

1.20

1.10

95

.95

.95

.80

.80

80

Ang.

0.75

.75

.80

1.10

.95

.95

.90

1.10

.80

.80

.75

.80

.80

1.00

1.00

1.00

1,00

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

.90

.90

1 00

.90

.90

.90

.90

Sept.

0.85

.70

.70

.70

.70

.05

.65

.70

.70

.70

.70

.65

.65

.65

.65

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.65

.60

.65

.65

.70

Oct.

0.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.70

.70

.70

.70

.65

.65

.65

.65

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

60

.60

.60

.60

00

Nov.

0.65

.65

.80

.80

.75

.75

.75

.75

.80

.90

.80

.75

.70

.70

.70

.70

.SO

ft<^

oc

of;

v\

90

90

Dec.

0.90

1.00

1.00

1.30

1.60

1.60

1.50

1.20

.90

.90

.90

.90

.85

OC

.80

7^

.75

7^

7

K

7F.

.75

QA

QC

f 80

1.70

1.65

BLACK WATER CREEK NEAR JASPER, ALA.

This station was established as a bench-mark station. It is located 

100 yards below the dam at Camack's mill, 6 miles north of Jasper, 

Ala. Discharge measurements are made from the single-span iron 

highway bridge with short trestle approaches at either end. The 

initial point for soundings is the end of the bridge at the right bank, 

upstream side. The channel is straight for about 200 feet above and 

500 feet below the station. The current is swift. Both banks are 

wooded, and liable to overflow under the trestle approaches. The bed 

of the stream is rocky and permanent. There is but one channel at 

all stages, broken during high water by the piers and trestle work of 

the bridge. The bench mark is the top of the upstream eyebar, 49 

feet from the right-bank end of the bridge. Its elevation is 20.00 feet 

above the gage datum.
D ] MOBILE KIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 1,71

Discharge measurements of Black Water Creek near Jasper, Ala., in 1904-

Date.

May 24. .......

August 9 .......

October 25 « ...

Hydrographer.

J. M. Giles ....

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feet. 

42

41

3.5

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

35.6

40,0

2.3

Mean

velocity.

Foot per sec. 

0.63

.97 '

.91

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.10

1.27

.75

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

22.5

39

2.1

a Mill not running, water being stored in pond. 

BLACK WARRIOR RIVER (LOCUST FORK) AT PALOS, ALA.

Locust Fork of Black Warrior River rises in Blount County, Ala., 

and, flowing in a southwesterly course, enters Black Warrior River a 

short distance above Wilmington, Ala. Its drainage basin is hilly, 

and only a small part of its area is in cultivation. Palos station was 

established November 26,1901, by R. C. McCalla, United States assistant engineer, who furnishes the daily gage heights to the United States 

Geological Survey. It is maintained by the United States Engineer 

Corps. The gage is a 4 by 8 inch timber, on the right bank of the 

river, just below the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad 

bridge. One section follows the slope of the bank from low water to a 

tree on top of the bank, and from there up a vertical section is fastened 

to the tree. The slope is 17 feet in elevation, measured vertically, and 

the vertical section of the rod is 15 feet. The rod is graduated to feet 

and tenths, with copper figures at the 5-foot points and roundhead 

tacks at intermediate foot marks. The total height is 32 feet. The 

datum of -gage (about 251.71 feet above Mobile datum) is supposed 

to be extreme low water. High water, April, 1900, was about 37 feet.

Measurements are made from the Drennan Bridge, which is about 

a quarter of a mile below the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham 

Railroad bridge. The Drennan Bridge is the property of the Drennan 

Coal Mining Company. It is a mining railroad bridge,' having width 

for a double-track tramway of 3 feet gage. One track is laid and in 

operation. The bridge has two iron spans of 100 feet each and trestle 

approaches at both ends.

Low-water measurements are made by wading at a shoal one-third 

mile below the bridge. The initial point for soundings is the leftbank end of the iron bridge on the downstream side. The channel is 

curved for 1,500 feet above the station and is straight for 3,000 feet 

below. At low water the channel is 180 feet wide. There is a ledge 

of rock about 200 feet below the station with about 3 feet fall. Both 

banks are high and wooded. The right bank overflows at flood stages, 

but only under the approach to the bridge. The bed is mainly of 

rock and is permanent.
172 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Bench mark No. 1 is the top of the crossbeam at a point 80 feet from 

the left end of the bridge on the downstream side. Its elevation 

is 46.70 feet above the surface of the water, less the reading of the 

gage. It was established by measuring down to water surface with a 

steel tape. Bench mark No. 2 is a copper plug in a water-oak tree on 

the right hand, 20 feet downstream from the gage. Its elevation is 

21.68 feet above the zero of the efaere.

o o

The observations at this station during 1904 have been made under 

the direction of M. R. Hall, district hydrographer.

Discharge measurements of Black Warrior River (Locust Fork) at Palos, Ala., in 1903

and 1904.

Date.

1903.

March 14«.....

May 20«. ......

June 16 <t ......

June 16 .......

July 18 6.......

August 28 & . . . .

August 28 (1 ....

September 26 fi .

1904. 

January 18 & ... 

March 24 ......

May 23 &.......

May 23 &..._...

August 8 a .....

August 8 6 .....

October 24 (....

Hydrographer.

J.M.Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

J. M. Giles..... 

M. R. and W.

E. Hall.

J.. M.Giles.....

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

.....do ........

Width.

Feel. 

172

168

156

130

130

96

77

100

88

93 

156

82

82

152

178

90

Area of 

section.

Square feet. 

1,937

, 1, 735

1,358

1,065

1,041

249

195

246

93

243 

1,305

197

204

1,225

496

74

Mean 

velocity.

Feet per sec. 

3.85

3.08

1.58

.40

.39

.91

.43

.38

.50

.62

1.28

.43

.45

.94

2.28

.32

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.75

3.55'

1.75

.62

.62

.40

.13

.13

.02

.38 

1.58

.16

.16

1.27

1.25

- .04

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

7,450

5,342

2, 148

431

404

228

84

93

47

151 

1,680

86

91

1,156

1,132

24

«Drennan bridge.

6 Frisco System Railroad bridge.

fBoat below Frisco bridge.

fl Wading, one-third mile below Drennan Bridge.

e Wading, one-half mile below Drennan Bridge.
HALL AND 

HOYT

ND~|

MOBILE RIVEH DRAINAGE BASIN. 173

Mean, daily gage height, in feet, of Black, Warrior Ricrr (Locust Fork) at Pahs, Ala.,

for 1904.

Day.

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28............:.

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

0.2

.2

.2

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.2

.2

t

.2

o

o

.3

.4

1.3

.7

.7

.6

Feb.

0.6

.6

.5

.5

.6

.5

.6

1.1

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.0

.8

.8

.7

.7

.9

9

.8

.8

.8

.7

.......

Mar.

.7

.6

.6

.6

1.9

1.9

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.3

2.2

5.0

2.9

1.7

1.6

1.5

1 ^

1 ^

1.4

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.3

Apr.

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

.9

1.2

2.1

2.5

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.0

9

9

9

.8

' .8

.7

.7

1.2

1.1

9

May.

0.7

.7

.5

.5

.4

.7

.7

.5

.4

0

.2

o

,,

o

.1

0

.5

June.

0.7

.5

0

.1

.1

.1

.0

.1

1 R

July.

1.4

.9

.5

.7

.3

.6

2.1

1.3

1.0

1.1

1.2

.8

.5

.4

o

.4

.4

.4

.5

.2

Aug.

0.4

.4

.7

.6

1.0

1.4

1.6

1.3

1.0

.8

0 l

1.0

1 Q

.8

.6

.4

.4

q

1.0

.7

.7

.5

Sept.

.3

.3

9

O

Q

Q

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

Oct.

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.4

.3

.2

.1

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

NOT.

.0

o

.4

.3

o

o

.2

.1

.1'

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

0

o

0

0

Dec.

.3

.4

.6

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.9

.9

.8

.7

,7

.7

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.8

9

2.9

2.5

1.7

1.3

Rating table for Black Warrior River (Locust Fork) at Palos, Ala., from January 1 to

December 1, 1904-

Gage 

height

Feet.

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

Discharge,

Second-feel.

34

67

110

165

230

305

390

480

580

Gage 

height

Feet

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

Discharge.

Second-feet

69a

810

935

1,070

1,210

1,360

1,515

1,680

1,850

Gage 

height.

Feet

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

Discharge.

Kecond-feef.

2,020

2,190

2,360

2,710

3,070

3,430

3,800

4,180

4,560

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

Discharge.

Second-Jeet.

4,940

5,320

5,700

6,100

6,500

6,900

7,300

7,700

8,100

The above table is based upon twenty-one discharge measurements made during 

1902, 1903, and 1904. It is well defined between gage heights 0.1 foot and 5 feet.
174 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Estimated monthly discharge of Black Warrior River (Locust Fork) at Per/os, Ala., for

1904. 

[Drainage area, 1,020 square miles.]

Month.

January ......................

February .....................

March ....... ...............

April ........................

May .........................

June . . . . - ....................

July .........................

August .......................

September ...................

November ....................

December .....................

The year ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,890 

1,680 

8,100 

3,250 

480 

2,020 

2,530 

3, 250 

165 

230 

230 

3,990

8,100

Minimum.

67 

305 

390 

480 

67 

34 

110 

165 

34 

34 

34 

67

34

Mean.

356 

705 

1,649 

1,032 

244 

225 

511 

818 

63.8 

49.1 

99.8 

805

546

Run-off.

Second-feet 

per square 

mile.

0.349 

.691 

1.62 

1.01 

.239 

.221 

.501 

.802 

.063 

.048 

.098 

.789

.536

Depth in 

inches.

0.402 

.745 

1.87 

1.13 

.276 

.247 

.578 

.925 

.070 

.055 

.109 

.910

7.32

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

The following is a list of miscellaneous discharge measurements 

made in Mobile River drainage basin during 1904:

Pinelog Creek near Cash, Ga. This stream flows into Sallacoa 

Creek, a tributary of Coosawattee River. A measurement was made 

May 5 at Butler's bridge, about 1 mile above the mouth, near Cash. 

The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the cross timber 

on first bent from the left bank, 17.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 54 feet; area, 150 square feet; mean velocity, 0.27 foot per second; gage 

height, 2.80 feet; discharge, 41 second-feet.

Sallacoa Creek near Cash, Ga. This stream is a tributary of Coosawattee River. A measurement was made May 5 at Covington's 

bridge, about 4 miles above the mouth of Pinelog Creek and 4 miles 

east of Cash, Ga. The bench mark is the upstream end of the top of 

cross timber over the first bent from the left bank, 16.00 feet above 

the datum of the gage.

Width, 42 feet; area, 164 square feet; mean velocity, 0.15 foot per second; gage 

height, 2.60 feet; discharge, 24 second-feet.

Jack River near Alaculsy, Ga. A measurement was made October 5 

just above the falls, about 5 miles above the mouth of the river and 

23 miles from Blue Ridge, Ga.

Width, 7 feet; area, 7 square feet; mean velocity, 1.86 feet per second; discharge, 

13 second-feet.
HAHOYTND] MOBILE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 175

Oothcaloga Creek near Calhoun, Ga. This stream is a tributary of 

Oostanaula River. A measurement was made May 6 at a bridge about 

1 mile from the mouth of the creek and 1 mile west of Calhoun. The 

bench mark is the downstream end of the top of cross timber on 

middle .bent, 16.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 45 feet; area, 50 square feet; mean velocity, 0.64 foot per second; gage 

height, 2.15 feet; discharge, 32 second-feet.

Confunsauga- River near Resaca, Ga. This stream is a tributary of 

Oostanaula Elver. A measurement was made November 25 from a 

boat at Fite's ferry, 2 miles from Resaca, Ga. The bench mark is a 

small nail in a large leaning willow tree on the left bank, about 200 

feet below the ferry, 5.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 130 feet; area, 219 square feet; mean velocity, 0.74 foot per second; gage 

height, 2.65 feet; discharge, 163 second-feet.

Etowah River near Kingston, Ga. Measurements were made at 

Hardin's bridge, i miles south of Kingston, Ga., as follows:

January 24: Width, 188 feet; area, 1,178 square feet; mean velocity, 1.60 feet per 

second; gage height, 3.45 feet; discharge, 1,894 second-feet.

April 14: Width, 188 feet; area, 1,154 square feet; mean velocity, 1.21 feet per 

second; gage height, 3.27 feet; discharge, 1,401 second-feet.

July 29: Width, 185 feet; area, 1,007 square feet; mean velocity, 0.62 foot per 

second; gage height, 2.56 feet; discharge, 625 second-feet.

A 5-foot section of gage rod is fastened to a tree on the left bank.

JStowah River near Canton, Ga. A measurement wis made July 27 

at Field's bridge, about 6 miles below Canton. The bench mark is a 

chisel cut and white paint mark at intermediate post, the second floor 

beam of the main span from the left end of the bridge, downstream 

side, 36.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 89 feet; area, 307 square feet; mean velocity, 1.05 feet per second; gage 

height, 2.67 feet; discharge, 322 second-feet.

Cave Spring at Cavespring, Ga. This spring is tributary to Little 

Cedar Creek. A measurement was made January 21 at the footbridge 

at Cave Spring. The water surface was 16| inches below the upstream 

side of the bridge floor, 6 inches from the right end of the bridge.

Width, 13 feet; area, 5.6 square feet; mean velocity, 0.94 foot per second; discharge, 

5.3 secnnd-feet.

Little Cedar River near Cavespring, Ga. This stream enters Big 

Cedar Creek about 2 miles north of Cavespring, Ga. A measurement 

was made September 28 from the bridge near Cavespring. The bench 

mark is the top of the first floor beam from the right bank, downstream 

end, 9.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 30 feet; area, 18 square feet; mean velocity, 1.00 foot per second; gage 

height, 1.27 feet; discharge, 18 second-feet.
176 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

Big Cedar Creek near Caveispriny, Ga. This stream enters Coosa 

River about 6 miles northwest of Cavespring. Measurements were 

made at the bridge 2£ miles northeast of Cavespring. The bench mark 

is the top of the second iron floor beam from the right end of the 

bridge, upstream side, 17.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

January 21: Width, 62 feet; area, 207 square feet; mean velocity, 0.37 foot per 

second; gage height, 3.13 feet; discharge, 78 second-feet.

September 28: Width, 67 feet; area, 177 square feet; mean velocity, 0.29 foot per 

second; gage height, 3.00 feet; discharge, 51 second-feet.

Hatchet Creek near Goodwater, Ala. This stream enters Coosa 

River about 10 miles east of Clanton, Ala. A measurement was made 

October 17 by wading 200 yards below bridge on the road to Hanover, 

Ala., 8 miles from Goodwater, Ala. The bench mark is the downstream end of the first floor beam from the left bank, 21.00 feet above 

the datum of the gage.

Width, 26 feet; area, 19 square feet; mean velocity, 0.96 foot per second; gage 

height, 1.05 feet; discharge, 18 second-feet.

Tallapoosa River near Tallapoosa, Go.. A measurement was made 

March 9 from the wooden bridge near the Southern Railway and onehalf mile below Bentley's dam, below the mouth of Walkers Creek. 

The bench mark is the top of the upper end of the floor beam on top 

of wooden pier, 106 feet from the initial point for soundings, 25.00 

feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 89 feet; area, 517 square feet; mean velocity, 0.74 foot per second; gage 

height, 6.25 feet; discharge, 381 second-feet.

Tallapoosa River, near Heflin, Ala. A measurement was made September 23 from Ross's bridge near Heflin, Ala. The bench mark is 

three tacks in first beam from the left bank, downstream side, 17.00 

feet above1 the datum of the gage.

Width, 90 feet; area, 245 square feet; mean velocity, 0.77 foot per second; gage 

height, 2.22 feet, discharge, 189 second-feet.

Cedar Creek near Wedowee, Ala. A measurement was nlade September 24 at the bridge 12 miles north of Wedowee. The bench mark is 

bolt which holds the bridge to maple tree on the left bank, upstream 

side, 7.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 25 feet; area, 42 square feet; mean velocity, 0.53 foot per second; gage 

height, 1.25 feet; discharge, 22 second-feet.

Hillabee Creek near Alexander City, Ala. A gaging station was for 

a while maintained on this tributary of Tallapoosa River; the gage 

height below is from the old gage. A measurement made October 14 

gave the following results:

Width, 87 feet; area, 96 square feet; mean velocity, 0.53 foot per second; gage 

height, 0.73 foot; discharge, 51 second-feet.
HAHOYTND ] PEARL RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 177

Talla-poosa River at Milstead, Ala. A measurement was made April 

14 at the old gaging station on Taliapoosa River at Milstead, which was 

abandoned April 30, 1903.

Width, 230 feet; area, 1,587 square feet; mean velocity, 2.44 feet per second; gage 

height, 2.93 feet; discharge, 3,871 second-feet.

Blackwater Creek, near Jasper', Ala. This stream is a tributary of 

Mulberry Fork of Black Warrior River. A measurement was made 

May 24 from the wagon bridge about 5 miles below Carmack's mill, 

near Jasper, Ala. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end 

of the floor beam 34 feet from the initial point for soundings, 36.00 feet 

above the datum of the gage.

Width, 34 feet; area, 41 square feet; mean velocity, 0.42 foot per second; gage 

height, 1.40 feet, discharge, 17 second-feet.

East Cahaba River near Birmingham, Ala. A measurement was 

made August 6 from the foot log at the ford on the road to Columbiana, 

10 miles from Birmingham. The bench mark is two copper nails in 

the downstream side of an ash tree on the left bank, 50 feet below the 

ford, 8.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 34 feet; area, 40 square feet; mean velocity, 1.67 feet per second; gage 

height, 2.00 feet; discharge, 66 second-feet.

East Cakaba, River near Bridgeton, Ala. A measurement was made 

August 6 at the ford below Deshazo's mill near Bridgeton.

Width, 49 feet; area, 57 square feet; mean velocity, 1.37 feet per second; discharge, 79 second-feet.

PEARL RIVER DRAINAGE BASHST.

Pearl River rises in the eastern part of Mississippi. It flows south 

into Lake Borgne, an arm of the Gulf of Mexico, forming part of the 

boundary between Louisiana and Mississippi. The United States 

Geological Survey maintains one station on this river. It is located 

at Jackson, Miss.

PEARL RIVER AT JACKSON, MISS.

This station was established June 24, 1901, by K. T. Thomas. It is 

located 2 miles from the Union station at Jackson, Miss., one-eighth 

mile above the Alabama and Vicksburg Railroad, and two blocks east 

from the end of the South State street car line. The chain gage is 

fastened to the downstream side of the bridge at a point 130 feet from 

the initial point for soundings. The length of the chain from the end 

of the weight to the marker is 41.91 feet. The gage is read once each 

day by James Hurst. Discharge measurements are made from the 

single-span highway bridge and from an approach of 680 feet of iron 

trestle on the left bank. The initial point for soundings is the end of 

IRR 127 05 12
180 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

The preceding table is based upon fourteen discharge measurements made during 

1901-1904. It is well defined between gage heights 0.30 foot and 8.30 feet, The 

table has been extended beyond these limits.

Estimated monthly discharge of Pearl River at Jackson, Miss., for 1904-

Month.

January ..........................................

February .........................................

March ............................................

April .............................................

May ......................................... _ .

J une .............................................

July .............................................

August ......................... ...... _ -_- -

November ....................__._ _ ____-..--.--_,

December ...........................__ _ _ _.

The year ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

407 

3,080 

4, 575 

5,295 

982 

1,078 

2,915 

3,495 

511 

288 

133 

548

5,295

Minimum.

216 

375 

475 

407 

178 

133 

216 

668 

162 

80 

80 

133

80

Mean.

310 

1,059 

1, 747. 

2,372

382 

224 

972 

1,518 

242 

126 

100 

222

773

MINOR EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO DRAINAGE BASINS.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

Conecuh River near River Falls^ Ala. A measurement was made 

May 24 at a bridge 8 miles above the regular gaging station on Conecuh River at Beck, Ala. The water surface was 46.69 feet below the 

top of the downstream end of second floor beam from the left end of 

the bridge.

Width, 120 feet; area, 372 square feet; mean velocity, 1.05 feet per second; discharge, 391 second-feet..

PatsaUga Creek near Gantt^ Ala. This stream is practically the 

North Fork of Conecuh River, entering from the right about 4 miles 

north of Andalusia, Ala. A measurement was made June 24 at 

Parker Bridge, near Gantt. The water surface was 28.07 feet below 

the head of a nail driven into the top of the downstream end of the 

wooden floor beam under the middle of the truss.

Width, 65 feet; area, 48 square feet; mean velocity, 1.89 feet per second; discharge, 

91 second-feet.

Yellow River near Oak Grove ^ Fla. A measurement was made 

June 23 at Richburg Bridge, about 7 miles east of Laurel Hill, Fla. 

The bench mark is the top of the upstream end of the first floor beam 

from the left pier of the bridge, 20.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 107 feet; area, 190 square feet; mean velocity, 1.20 feet per second; gage 

height, 2.19 feet; discharge, 227 second-feet.
HAHOYTND] EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASIN'S. 181

Choctawhatchee River near Elba Junction, Ala. A measurement 

was made September 24 from the Atlantic Coast Line Railway bridge, 

near Elba Junction. The water surface was 35.85 feet below the top 

of the first floor beam from the right bank.

Width, 95 feet; area, 471 square feet; mean velocity, 0.26 foot per second; discharge, 124 second-feet.

Choctawhatchee River near Newton, Ala. A measurement was made 

September 24 at the wagon bridge 1 mile west of Newton and 2 miles 

below the gaging made the same day near Elba Junction. The water 

surface was 36.70 feet below the top of reinforcing plate at the bottom 

of the fourth intermediate post from the left bank, downstream side.

Width, 55 feet; area, 99 square feet; mean velocity, 1.27 feet per second; discharge, 

125 second-feet.

Choctawhatchee River near Bellwood, Ala. A measurement was 

made June 20 from the wagon bridge 2 miles from Bellwood. The 

water surface was 20.45 feet below the top of the downstream lower 

chord, at a point 1 foot to the right of the first intermediate post from 

the left bank.

Width, 151 feet; area, 456 square feet; mean velocity, 0.90 foot per second; discharge, 411 second-feet.

Suwanee River at rail way bridge, near Suwanee, Fla. Measurements 

were made from the Atlantic Coast Line Railway bridge near Suwanee, 

Fla. The bench mark is the top of the downstream end of the second 

floor beam from the right bank, 45.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

December 20 Width, 79 feet; area, 397 square feet; mean velocity, 0.74 foot per 

second; gage height, 2.85 feet; discharge, 295 second-feet.

December 20 Width, 79 feet; area, 394 square feet; mean velocity, 0.73 foot per 

second; gage height, 2.85 feet; discharge, 290 second-feet.

Suwanee River at wagon bridge, near Siiwanee, Fla. A measurement was made December 21 from the wagon bridge at Suwanee Sulphur Spring. The bench mark is a chisel mark on the first intermediate 

post from the right bank, 6 feet above the top of the floor beam, 41.00 

feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 89 feet; area, 249 square feet; mean velocity, 0.95 foot per second; gage 

height, 1.57 feet; discharge, 237 second-feet.

Suwanee River near, Ellamlle, Fla. A measurement was made 

December 22 from the Seaboard Air Line Railway bridge. The bench 

mark is the downstream end of the first floor beam from the left bank, 

37.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 231 feet; area, 1,798 square feet; mean velocity, 1.01 feet per second; gage 

height, 1.41 feet; discharge 1,813 second-feet.

Santa Fe River near High Springs, Fla. This stream enters Suwanee River from the left about 30 miles above its mouth. A measure-
182 STREAM MEASUREMENTS IN 1904, PART IV. [NO. 127.

ment was made December 22 at the wagon bridge, just above the 

Atlantic Coast Line 'Railroad bridge. The bench mark is the top of 

the downstream end of the cap of the first bent from the left bank, 

17.00 feet above the datum of the gage.

Width, 130 feet; area, 996 square feet; mean velocity, 0.54 foot per second; gage 

height, 1.60 feet; discharge, 537 second-feet.

Withlacoochee River at Dunnellon, Fla. A measurement was made 

December 24 from the new iron wagon bridge, one-fourth mile from 

Dunnellon, Fla.:

Width, 82 feet; area, 1,003 square feet; mean velocity, 1.27 feet per second; discharge, 1,270 second-feet. The water surface was 14.05 feet below the top of the 

downstream right-bank pier.

Blue Run near Dunnellon, Fla. This stream is tributary to Withlacoochee Elver. A measurement was made December 24 from the 

wagon bridge, three-fourths mile east of Dunnellon:

Width, 53 feet; area, 422 square feet; mean velocity, 1.70 feet per second; discharge, 716 second-feet. The water surface was 4.45 feet below the top of the cap of 

the right bent, downstream side of the bridge.
INDEX.

Alabama River at Page.

.Selma, Ala.:.

description....................... 127-128

discharge......................... 128

discharge, monthly .............. 130

gage heights...................... 129

rating table....................... 129

Alaculsy, Ga.

Jack River near:

description....................... 174

discharge......................... 174

Albany, Ga.

Blue Spring near:

description....................... 120

discharge......................... 120

Flint River at:

description....................... 109-111

discharge................... ..... Ill

discharge, monthly .............. 113

gage heights...................... 112

rating table ...................... 113

Kinchafoonee Creek near:

description....................... 115-116

discharge......................... 116

Muckalee Creek near:

description....................... 114-115

discharge......................... 115

Alcovy River near 

Covington, Ga.:

description....................... 69-70

discharge......................... 70

discharge, monthly .............. 72

gage heights...................... 71

rating table ...................... 71

Newton Factory, Ga.:

description....................... 89

discharge......................... 89

Alexander City, Ala.

Hillabee Creek near:

description....................... 176

discharge......................... 176

Alston, S. C.

Broad River (of the Carolinas) at:

description....................... 28-29

discharge......................... 29

discharge, monthly .............. 31

gage heights...................... 30

rating table ...................... 30

Altamaha River drainage basin:

description........................... 59-60

Apalachee River near 

Biiekhead, Ga.:

description ....................... 72-73

discharge......................... 73

discharge, monthly .............. 75

Apalaehee River near Continued.

Buekhead, Ga. Continued.

gage heights...................... 74

rating table ...................... 74

Apalaehicola River drainage basin:

description........................... 90-91

Armour, Ga.

Peachtree Creek at:

description....................... 118

discharge......................... 118

Peachtree Creek (North Fork) near:

description....................... 117

discharge......................... 117

Peavine Creek near:

description....................... 118

discharge......................... 118

Augusta, Ga.

Savannah River at:

description....................... 42-43

discharge......................... 43

discharge, monthly .............. 45

gage heights ..................... 44

rating table ...................... 45

Austell, Ga.

Sweetwater Creek near:

description....................... 103,119

discharge......................... 104,119

gage heights...................... 104

Beaverdam Creek near 

Clarksville, Ga.:

description....................... 116

discharge......................... 116

Greensboro, Ga.:

description....................... 89-90

discharge......................... 90

Beck, Ala.

Conecuh River at:

description....................... 125-126

discharge......................... 126

gage heights...................... 127

Bellwood, Ala.

Choctawhatchee River near:

description....................... 181

discharge......................... 181

Belmont, N. C.

Catawba River near:

description ....................... 36

discharge......................... 3C

Catawba River (South Fork) near: 

description ....................... 36

discharge......................... C6

Big Cedar Creek near 

Cavespring, Ga.:

description ....................... 176

discharge......................... 176

183
184 INDEX,

Big Potato Creek near Page. 

Thomaston, Ga.:

description....................... 114,120

discharge......................... 114,120

Birmingham, Ala.

East Cahaba River near:

description....................... 177

discharge......................... 177

Black Warrior River at and near 

Oordova, Ala.:

description ....................... 163-164

discharge......................... 164

discharge, monthly............... 166

gage heights...................... 165

rating table ...................... 166

Tuscaloosa, Ala.:

description....................... 167

discharge......................... 168

gage heights...................... 168

Black Warrior River (Locust Fork) at 

Palos, Ala.:

description ....................... 171-172

discharge......................... 172

discharge, monthly............... 174

gage heights...................... 173

rating table ...................... 173

Black Water Creek near 

Jasper, Ala.:

description ....................... 170,177

discharge......................... 171,177

Blackshear, Ga.

Hurricane Creek near:

description ....................... 90

discharge......................... 90

Blue Run near 

Dunnellon, Fla.:

description ....................... 182

discharge......................... 182

Blue Spring near 

Albany, Ga.:

description ....................... 120

discharge......................... 120

Bridgeton, Ala.

East Cahaba River near:

description ....................... 177

discharge......................... 177

Broad River (of the Carolinas) at 

Alston, S. C.r

description....................... 28-29

discharge......................... 29

discharge, monthly .............. 31

gage heights...................... 30

rating table...................... 30

Broad River (of Georgia) near 

Carlton, Ga.:

description....................... 50

discharge.. ...................... 51

discharge, monthly .............. 52

gage heights...................... 51

rating table ...................... 52

Broad River (South Fork) near 

Carlton, Ga.:

description....................... 53,54

discharge......................... 53,54

Comer, Ga.:

description....................... 53

discharge......................... 53

Brookwood, Ga. Page. 

Peachtree Creek near:

description....................... 118

discharge......................... 118

Buckhead, Ga.

Apalachee River near:

description....................... 72-73

discharge......................... 73

discharge, monthly .............. 75

gage heights...................... 74

rating table ...................... 74

Cahaba River at 

Centerville, Ala.:

description....................... 157-158

discharge......................... 158

discharge, monthly .............. 160

gage heights...................... 159

rating table....................... 159

Calhoun, Ga.

Oothcaloga Creek near:

description....................... 175

discharge......................... 175

Calhoun, S. C.

Keowee River near:

description....................... 53

discharge......................... 53

Calhoun Falls, Ga. 

Rocky River near:

description....................... 49-50

discharge......................... 50

Camden, S. C.

Wateree River near:

description....................... 27-28

discharge......................... 28

gage heights...................... 28

Cannoochee River near 

Groveland, Ga.:

description....................... 56-57

discharge......................... 57

discharge, monthly............... 59

gage heights...................... 58

rating table....................... 58

Canton, Ga.

Etowah River at and near:

description................... 130-131,175

discharge......................... 131,175

discharge,monthly.......... _ . 133

gage heights...................... 132

rating table........ ...'............ 132

Carlton, Ga.

Broad River (of Georgia) near:

description....................... 50

discharge......................... 51

discharge, monthly............... 52-

gage heights...................... 51

rating table ...................... 52

Broad River (South Fork) near:

description ....................... 53,54

discharge......................... 53,54

Clouds Creek near:

description....................... 54

discharge......................... 54

Cartecay, Ga.

Cartecay River near:

description....................... 142

discharge......................... 142

gage heights..... ................ 113
INDEX. 185

Cartecay River near Page.

Cartecay, Ga.:

description....................... 142

discharge......................... 142

gage heights...................... 143

Carters, Ga.

Coosawattee River at:

description....................... 139

discharge ........................ 140

discharge, monthly .............. 141

gage heights...................... 140

rating table .............. 1....... 141

Talking Rock Creek near:

description....................... 144-145

discharge......................... 145

Cash, Ga.

Pinelog Creek near:

description....................... 174

discharge..,....................... 174

Sallacoa Creek near:

description ....................... 174

discharge......................... 174

Catavvba, S. C.

Catawba River near:

description ....................... 20

discharge......................... ai

discharge, monthly .............. 22

gage heights...................... 21

rating table...................... 22

Catavvba River near 

Belmont, N. C.:

description....................... 36

discharge......................... 36

Catawba, S. C.:

description ....................... 20

discharge......................... 21

discharge, monthly............... 22

gage heights...................... 21

rating table...................... 22

Morganton, N. C.:

description....................... 23

discharge......................... 24

discharge,monthly..... ......... 26

gage heights...................... 25

rating table...........^.......!.. 25

Rock Hill, S. C.:

description....................... 36

discharge......................... 36

Catawba River (South Fork) near 

Belmont, N. C.:

description....................... 35

discharge......................... 35

Cave Spring at 

Cavespring, Ga.:

description....................... 175

discharge......................... 175

Cavespring, Ga.

Big Cedar Creek near.

description....................... 176

discharge......................... 176

Cave Spring at:

description....................... 175

discharge......................... 175

Little Cedar Creek near:

description ....................... 175

discharge ........................ 175

Cedar Creek near Page.

Wedowee, Ala.:

description....................... 176

discharge......................... 176

Centerville, Ala.

Cahaba River at:

description....................... 167-168

discharge......................... 158

discharge, monthly.............. 160

gage heights ..................... 159

rating table ...................... 159

Chattahoochee River at and nearCornelia, Ga.:

description....................... 91-92

discharge......................... 92

Norcross, Ga.:

description /...................... 92-93

discharge......................... 93

discharge, monthly .............. 95

gage heights...................... 94

rating table....................... 94

Oakdale, Ga.:

description....................... 95-96

discharge......................... 96

discharge, monthly .............. 98

gage heights...................... 97

rating tab le....................... 97

West Point, Ga.:

description ....................... 98-99

discharge......................... 99

discharge, monthly .............. 101

gage heights...................... 100

rating table....................... 100

Chauga River near 

Fort Madison, S. C.:

description....................... 46

discharge......................... 46

Choccolocco Creek near 

Jenifer, Ga.:

description....................... 145

discharge......................... 146

discharge, monthly .............. 148

gage heights..................... 147

rating table....................... 147

Choctawhatchee River near 

Bell wood, Ala.:

description....................... 181

discharge......................... 181

Elba Junction, Ala.:

description....................... 181

discharge......................... 181

Geneva, Ala.:

description....................... 121

discharge.........'..........,..... 122

gage heights...................... 122

Newton, Ala.:

description.......'................ 181

discharge......................... 181

Choctawhatchee River drainage basin:

description........................... 120-121

CJarksville, Ga.

Beaverdam Creek near:

description....................... 116

discharge......................... 116

Deep Creek near:

description....................... 116

discharge.................... '..... 116
186

Clarksville, Ga. Continued. 

Soque River near:

Clear Creek near 

Elk, Ala.:

Clemson College, S. C. 

Seneca River near:

Clouds Creek near 

Carlton, Ga.:

Columbus, Ga. 

Mulberry Creek near:

Columbus, Miss. 

Tombigbee River near:

discharge monthly

gage neiglits

Comer, Ga. 

Broad River of Georgia (South Fork) 

near:

Concord, Ga. 

Flint River near:

Conecuh River at and near 

Beck, Ala.:

g

tt p"P bfMjyli f *!

River Falls, Ala.:

Connasauga River near 

Resaca, Ga.:

Coosa River at 

Riverside, Ala.:

rating table. ......................

Coosawattee River at 

Carters, Ga.:

Cordova, Ala. 

Black Warrior River near: 

description .......................

IND

Page.

117 

117

169 

169 

170

46-47 

47-48 

49 

48 

49

54 

54

105 

105

1 iO-161 

161 

163 

162 

162

53 

53

119 

119

125-126 

126 

127

18» 

180

175 

175

136 

136 

138 

137 

137

139 

140 

141 

140 

141

163-164

EX.

Cordova, Ala. Continued. 

Black Warrior River near Cont'd.

Cornelia, Ga. 

Chattahoochee River near:

Soque River near:

Covington, Ga. 

Alcovy River near:

Davisboro, Ga. 

Williamsons Swamp Creek at:

Deep Creek near 

Clarksville, Ga.:

Delta, S. C. 

Tiger River at:

Demorest, Ga. 

Hazel Creek near:

discharge

Soque River near:

discharge monthly

stAfff* bpip'litsi

Double Bridges Creek at 

Geneva, Ala.:

discharge

gage heights

Dublin, Ga. 

Oconee River at:

Dunnellon, Fla. 

Blue Run near:

Withlacoochee River at:

East Cahaba River near 

Birmingham, Ala.:

discharge

Bridgeton, Ala.:

discharge. ......................

Page. 

164

166

165

166

. 91-92

92

117

117

. 69-70

70

72

71

71

. 54-55

55

56

116

116

31

31

117

117

. 101-102

102

103

102

102

. 122-123

123

123

83

84

84

182

182

182

177

177

177

177
INDEX.

Page.

125

Elba Junction, Ala.

Choctawhatchee River near: 

description..............

discharge................

Elk, Ala.

Clear Creek near:

description..............

discharge................

gage heights.............

Ellaville, Fla.

Suwanee River near:

description..............

discharge................

Ellijay, Ga.

Ellijay River near:

description..............

discharge................

Mountaintown Creek near: 

description..............

discharge...............'.

Ellijay River near 

Ellijay, Ga.:

description..............

discharge................

Enoree River near 

Whitmire, S. C.:

description..............

discharge................

Escambia River drainage basin:

description..................

Etowah River at and near 

fanton, Ga.:

description................... 130-131,175

discharge......................... 131,175

discharge, monthly..........'..... 133

gage heights...................... 132

rating table ...................... 132

Kingston, Ga.:

description....................... 175

discharge......................... 175

Rome, Ga.:

description....................... 133-134

discharge......................... 134

discharge, monthly............... 135

gage heights....... .............. 135

rating table ...................... 135

Flint River at and near 

Albany, Ga.:

description....................... 109-111

discharge......................... Ill

discharge, monthly............... 113

gage heights...................... 112

ratingtable ...................... 113

Concord, Ga.:

description....................... 119

discharge......................... 119

Montezuma, Ga.:

description....................... 119

discharge......... ............... 119

Woodbnry, Ga.:

description ................... 105-106,119

discharge......................... 100,119

discharge, monthly............... 109

gage heights...................... 107

rating table ....'.................. 108

187

Flovilla, Ga. Page.

Ocmulgee River near:

description....................... 63-64

discharge......................... 64

discharge, monthly............... 66

gage heights...................... 65

rating table ...................... 65

Port Madison, S. C.

Chauga River near:

description....................... 46

discharge......................... 46

Gantt, Ala.

Patsaliga Creek near:

description....................... 180

discharge......................... 180

Geneva, Ala.

Choctawhatchee River near:

description....................... 121

discharge......................... 122

gage heights...................... 122

Double Bridges Creek at:

description....................... 122-123

discharge......................... 123

gage heights...................... 123

Goodwater, Ala.

Hatchet Creek near:

description....................... 176

discharge......................... 176

Greensboro, Ga.

Beaverdam Creek near:

discription........................ 89-90

discharge......................... 90

Oconee River near:

description....................... 75-76

discharge......................... 76

discharge, monthly .............. 78

gage heights ..................... 77

rating table ...................... 77

Groveland, Ga.

Cannoochee River near:

description....................... 56-57

discharge......................... 57

discharge, monthly .............. 59

gage heights...................... 58

rating table ...................... 58

Hatchet Creek near 

Goodwater, Ala.:

description....................... 176

discharge......................... 176

Hazel Creek near 

Demorest, Ga.:

description....................... 117

discharge......................... 117

Heflin, Ala.

Tallapoosa River near:

description....................... 152,176

discharge......................... 152,176

High Springs, Fla.

Santa Fe River near:

description ....................... 181-182

discharge......................... 182

Hillabee Creek near 

Alexander City, Ala.:

description....................... 176

discharge......................... 176
188 INDEX.

Horse Creek near Page. 

Lumber City, Ga. r

description ... ................... 89

discharge......................... 89

Hurricane Creek near 

Blackshear, Ga.:

description....................... 90

discharge......................... 90

Jack River near 

Alaculsy, Ga.:

description....................... 174

discharge......................... 174

Jackson, Ga.

South River near:

description....................... 88

discharge........ ................ 88

Yellow River near:

description....................... 88

discharge............. ........... 88

Jackson, Miss. 

Pearl River at:

description ....................... 177-178

discharge......................... 178

discharge, monthly .............. 180

gage heights...................... 179

rating table ...................... 179

Jasper, Ala.

Black Water Creek near:

description ....................... 170,177

discharge......................... 171,177

Jenifer, Ga.

Choccolocco Creek near:

description ....................... 145

discharge......................... 146

discharge, monthly .............. 148

gage heights ..................... 147

rating table ...................... 147

John River near 

Morganton, N. C.:

description....................... 26

discharge......................... 27

Keowee River near 

Calhoun, S. C.:

description....................... 53

discharge......................... 53

Kinchafoonee Creek near 

Albany, Ga.:

description ....................... 115-116

discharge......................... 116

Kingston, Ga.

Etowah River near:

description....................... 175

discharge......................... 175

Lithia Springs, Ga.

Sweetwater Creek near:

description....................... 118

discharge......................... 118

Lithonia, Ga.

Pole Bridge Creek near:

description....................... 88

discharge......................... 88,89

South River near:

description ....................... 60,61

discharge......................... 61

discharge, monthly............... 63

gage heights...................... 62

rating table....................... 62

Little Cedar Creek near Page. 

Cavespring, Ga.:

description....................... 175

discharge......................... 175

Little Ocmulgee River at 

Wilcox, Ga.:

description....................... 89

discharge......................... 89

Little River near 

Milledgeville, Ga.:

description....................... 90

discharge......................... 90

Little Tallapoosa River near 

Wedowee, Ala.:

description....................... 156,157

discharge.................. ...... 157

Lumber City, Ga. 

Horse Creek near:

description...... ................ 89

discharge......................... 89

Macon, Ga.

Ocmulgee River at:

description....................... 66-67

discharge.......'.................. 67

discharge, monthly............... 69

gage heights...................... 68

rating table ...................... 68

Madison, S. C.

Tugaloo River near:

description....................... 39-40

discharge......................... 40

discharge, monthly............... 42

gage heights...................... 41

rating table ...................... 41

Milledgeville, Ga. 

Little River near:

description....................... 90

discharge......................... 90

Oconee River at and near:

description...................... 78-79,89

discharge......................... 79,89

discharge, monthly............... 81

gage heights...................... 80

rating table ...................... 80

Milstead, Ala.

Tallapoosa River at:

description....................... 177

discharge......................... 177

Mobile River drainage basin:

description........................... 127

Montezuma, Ga. 

Flint River near:

description....................... 119

discharge......................... 119

Morganton, N. C.

Catawba River near:

description....................... 23

discharge......................... 24

discharge, monthly .............. 26

gage heights...................... 25

rating table....................... 25

John River near:

description....................... 26

discharge......................... 27

Mountaintown Creek near 

Ellijay, Ga.:

description....................... 144

discharge......................... 114
INDEX. 189

Muekalee Creek near Page. 

Albany, Ga.:

description..... ................. 114-115

discharge......................... 115

Mulberry Creek near 

Columbus, Ga.:

description ....................... 105

discharge......................... 105

Newton, Ala.

Choctawhatchee River near:

description ............ .......... 181

discharge......................... 181

Newton Factory, Ga. 

Aleevy River near:

description....................... 89

discharge......................... 89

Nickajack, Ga.

Nickajack Creek near:

description....................... 118

discharge......................... 118

Nickajack Creek near 

Nickajack, Ga.:

description.................... .. 118

discharge......................... 118

Noicross, Ga.

Chattahoochee River near:

description....................... 92-93

discharge......................... 93

discharge, monthly .............. £5

gage heights....................... 94

rating table....................... 94

Nottingham, Ala.

Talledega Creek at:

description....................... 148

discharge......................... 149

discharge, monthly .............. 150

gage heights...................... 149

rating table ...................... 150

Oak Grove, Fla.

Yellow River near:

description....................... 180

discharge......... ............... ISO

Oakdale, Ga.

Chattahoochee River at:

description............... ........ 95-%

discharge......................... 96

discharge, monthly .............. 98

gage heights...................... 97

rating table ...................... 97

Ocmulgee River at and near 

Flovilla, Ga.:

description....................... 63-64

discharge........... ............. 64

discharge, monthly .............. 66

gage heights................. .... 65

rating table ...................... 65

Macon, Ga.:

description....................... 66-67

discharge......................... 67

discharge, monthly .............. 69

gage heights...................... 68

rating table ...................... 68

Oconee River at and near 

Dublin, Ga.:

description....................... 81-82

discharge......................... 83

. discharge, monthly ....,..,,.,.,, 85

Oconee River at and near Continued. Page.

Dublin, Ga. Continued.

gage heights...................... 84

rating table ...................... 84

Greensboro, Ga.:

description....................... 75-76

discharge......................... 76

discharge, monthly .............. 78

gage heights...................... 77

rating table .................. ... 77

Milledgeyille, Ga.:

description...................... 78-79,89

discharge......................... 79-89

discharge, monthly .............. 81

gage heights...................... 80

ratingtable ...................... 80

Ogeechee River drainage basin:

description........................... 54

Ohopee River near 

Reidsville, Ga.:

description....................... 85-86

discharge......................... 86

discharge, monthly .............. 8S

gage heights...................... 87

ratingtable .... ................. 87

Oostanaula River at 

Resaca, Ga.:

description ....................... 138-139

Oothcaloga Creek near 

Calhoun, Ga.:

description....................... 175

diseharge......................... 175

Palos, Ala.

Black Warrior River (Locust Fork) at:

description ....................... 171-172

discharge......................... 172

discharge, monthly .............. 174

gage heights...................... 173

rating table ...................... 173

Patsaliga Creek near 

Gantt, Ala.:

description....................... 180

discharge....... ............... 180

Pea River at 

Pera, Ala.:

description....................... 123-124

discharge......................... 124

gage heights...................... 125

Peachtree Creek at and near 

Armour, Ga.:

description....................... 118

discharge......................... 118

Brook wood, Ga.:

description....................... 118

discharge......................... 118

Peachtree Creek (North Pork) near 

Armour, Ga.:

description....................... 117

discharge......................... 117

Pearl River at 

Jackson, Miss.:

description....................... 177-178

discharge......................... 178

discharge, monthly............... l.so

gage heights...................... 179

rating table....................... 179

Pearl River drainage basin:

description........................... 177
190 INDEX.

Peavlne Creek near Page. 

Armour, Ga.:

description....................... 118

discharge......................... 118

Pera, Ala.

Pea River at:

description....................... 123-124

discharge....... ................. 124

gage heights...................... 125

Pinelog Creek near 

Cash, Ga.:

description....................... 174

discharge......................... 174

Pole Bridge Creek near 

Lithonia, Ga.:

description....................... 88

discharge......................... 88,89

Red Oak Creek near 

Woodbury, Ga.:

description....................... 119-120

discharge......................... 120

Reedy River nearWaterloo, S. C.:

description....................... 35

discharge......................... 36

Reidsville, Ga.

Ohoopee River near:

description....................... 85-86

discharge......................... 86

discharge, monthly .............. 88

gage heights...................... 87

rating table ...................... 87

Resaca, Ga.

Connasauga River near:

description....................... 175

discharge......................... 175

Oostanaula River at:

description....................... 138-139

River Falls, Ala.

Conecuh River near:

description....................... 180

discharge......................... 180

Riverside, Ga.

Coosa River at:

description....................... 136

discharge......................... 136

discharge, monthly .............. 138

gage heights ..................... 137

rating table ...................... 137

Riverview, Ga.

White Oak Creek near:

description............. ......... 119

discharge......................... 119

Rock Hill, N. C.

Catawba River near:

description....................... S6

discharge......................... 36

Rocky River near 

Calhoun Falls, S. C.:

description....................... 49-50

discharge......................... 50

Rome, Ga.

Etowah River near:

description....................... 133-134

discharge......................... 134

discharge, monthly .............. 135

gage heights...................... 135

rating table ............. ........ 135

Rottenwood Creek near Page.

Vinings, Ga.:

description....................... 117

discharge......................... 117

Sallacoa Creek near 

Cash, Ga.:

description....................... 174

discharge......................... 174

Saluda River near 

Waterloo, S. C.:

description...................... 32-33,36

discharge......................... 33,36

discharge, monthly .............. 35

gage heights ..................... 34

rating table ...................... 34

Santa Fe River near 

High Springs, Fla.:

description ....................... 181-132

discharge......................... 182

Santee River drainage basin:

description ........................... 17-19

Satilla River near 

Wayeross, Ga.:

description....................... 90

discharge......................... 90

Savannah River at 

Augusta, Ga.:

description....................... 42-43

discharge.................. ...... 43

discharge, monthly .............. 45

gage heights...................... 44

rating table ...................... 45

Savannah River drainage basin:

description........................... 37

Selma, Ala.

Alabama River at:

description ....................... 127-128

discharge......................... 128

discharge, monthly .............: 130

gage heights...................... 129

rating table ...................... 129

Seneca River near 

Clemson College, S. C,:

description....................... 46-47

discharge......................... 47-48

discharge, monthly .............. k 49

gage heights ..................... 48

rating table ...................... 49

Soque River near 

Clarksville, Ga.:

description....................... 117

discharge......................... 117

Cornelia, Ga.:

description....................... 117

discharge......................... 117

Demorest, Ga.:

description....................... 101-102

discharge......................... 102

discha rge, monthly .............. 103

gage heights ..................... 102

rating table ...................... 102

South River near 

Jackson, Ga.:

description....................... 88

discharge......................... 88

Lithonia, Ga.:

description........................ 60,61

discharge......................... . 61
INDEX. 191

South River near Continued. Page.

Lithonia, Ga. Continued.

discharge, monthly .............. 63

gage heights ..................... 62

rating table ...................... 62

Sturdevant, Ala.

Tallapoosa River at:

description....................... 153

discharge......................... 154

discharge, monthly .............. 156

gage heights...................... 155

rating table ...................... 155

Sugar Creek at 

Wilcox, Ga.:

description....................... 89

discharge......................... 89

Suwanee, Fla.

Suwanee River near:

description....................... 181

discharge......................... 181

Snwanee River near 

Ellaville, Fla.:

description....................... 1?1

discharge.......................;. 181

Suwanee, Fla.:

description....................... 181

discharge......................... 181

Sweet water Creek near 

Austell, Ga.:

description....................... 103,119

discharge......................... 104,119

gage heights ..................... 104

Lithia Springs, Ga.:

description....................... 118

discharge......................... 118

Talking Rock Creek near 

Carters, Ga.:

description ....................... 144-145

discharge......................... 145

Talladega Creek at 

Nottingham, Ala.:

description....................... 148

discharge......................... 149

discharge, monthly .............. 150

gage heights...................... 149

rating table....................... 150

Tallapoosa, Ga.

Tallapoosa River near:

description................... 150-151,176

discharge..................... 151,152,176

Tallapoosa River at and near 

Heflin, Ala.: ,

description....................... 152,176

discharge......................... 152,176

Milstead, Ala.:

description....................... 177

discharge.................. ...... 177

Sturdevant, Ala.:

description....................... 153

discharge......................... 154

discharge, monthly .............. 156

gage heights...................... 155

rating table....................... 155

Tallapoosa, Ga:

description ................... 150-151,176

discharge..................... 151,152,176

Tallulah Falls, Ga. Page. 

Tallulah River at:

description....................... 37-38

discharge......................... 38

discharge, monthly .............. 39

gage heights...................... 38

rating table....................... 39

Tallulah River at 

Tallulah Falls, Ga.:

description....................... 37-38

discharge......................... 38

discharge, monthly .............. 39.

gage heights...................... 38

rating table....................... 39

Thomaston, Ga.

Big Potato Creek near:

description ....................... 114,120

discharge......................... 114,120

Tiger Creek at 

Wiley, Ga.:

description....................... 53

discharge......................... 53

Tiger River at 

Delta, B.C.:

description....................... 31

discharge......................... 31

Tombigbee River nearColumbus, Miss.:

description ....................... 160-161

discharge......................... 161

discharge, monthly .............. 163

gage heights'..................... 162

rating table ...................... 162

Tugaloo River nearMadison, S. C.:

description........................ 39-40

discharge......................... 40

discharge, monthly .............. 42

gage heights ..................... 41

rating table ...................... 41

/ 

Tuscaloosa, Ala.

Black Warrior River at:

description....................... 167

discharge......................... 168

gage heights...................... 168

Vinings, Ga.

Rottenwood Creek near:

description....................... 117

discharge......................... 117

Warnersville, Ga.

White Oak Creek near:

description ....................... 119

discharge......................... 119

Wateree River, near 

Camden, S. C.:

description ....................... 27-28

discharge......................... 28

gage heights...................... 28

Waterloo, S. C.

Reedy River near:

description....................... 35

discharge......................... 36

Saluda River near:

description ...................... 32-33,36

discharge......................... 33,36

discharge, monthly............... 35
192 INDEX.

Waterloo, S. C. Continued. 

Saluda River near Continued.

Waycross, Ga. 

atilla River near:

Wedowee, Ala. 

Cedar Creek near:

discharge

Little Tallapoosa River 3 miles north 

of: 

description .......................

discharge. . .......................

Little Tallapoosa River 6 miles northwest of: 

description .......................

West Point, Ga. 

Chattahoochee River at:

White Oak Creek near 

Riverview, Ga.:

p

Warnersville, Ga.:

Whitmire, S. C. 

Enoree River near:

discharge. ........................

Page.

34 

34

90 

90

176 

176

156 

157

157 

157

98-99 

99 

101 

ICO 

100

119 

119

119 

119

32 

32

Wilcote, Ga. 

Little Ocmulgee River at:

Sugar Creek at:

Wiley, Ga. 

Tiger Creek at:

Williamsons Swamp Creek at 

Davisboro, Ga.:

, ~ ,

Withlacoochee River at 

Dunnellon, Fla.:

discharge

Woodbury, Ga. 

Flint River near: 

description ................

discharge ..................

discharge, monthlv. .......

gage heights. ..............

Red Oak Creek near: 

description ................

discharge. . ................

Yellow River near 

Jackson, Ga.:

Oak Grove, Fla.:

discharge. .................

Page.

...... 89

...... 89

...... 89

...... 89

...... 53

...... 53

...... 54-55

KR

Kj?

....... 182

... 105-106,119

....... 106,119

....... 109

....... 107

....... 108

....... 119-120

....... 120

....... 88

....... 88

....... 180

....... 180

o
PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

[Water-Supply Paper No. 127.]

The publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annua* 

Reports; (2) Monographs; (3) Professional Papers; (4) Bulletins; (5) Mineral 

Resources; (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers; (7) Topographic Atlas of 

United States, folios and separate sheets thereof; (8) Geologic Atlas of United 

States, folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists may be had 

on application.

Most of the above publications may be obtained or consulted in the following 

ways:

1. A limited number are delivered to the Director of the Survey, from whom they 

may be obtained, free of charge (except classes 2, 7, and 8), on application.

2. Every member of Congress is allotted a certain number, from whom they may 

be obtained, free of charge, on application.

3. Other copies are deposited with the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, 

D. 0., from whom they may be had at practically cost.

4. Copies of all Government publications are furnished to the principal public 

libraries in the large cities throughout the United States, where they may be 

consulted by those interested.

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of 

subjects, and the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified 

into the following series: A, Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic geology and paleontology; D, Petrography and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and 

physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water 

storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, General hydrographic investigations; N, Water power; 0, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports.

Series P. The hydrographic progress reports contain the results of stream measurements. A 

report is issued for every calendar year, containing the results of data collected during that year. 

These reports were first published as a part of the Director's annual report or as a bulletin; they are 

now published as water-supply and irrigation papers. The following is a list, by years, of the publications containing the progress reports of stream measurements. A detailed index of these reports 

(1888-1903) is published as Water-Supply Paper No. 119.

1888. Tenth Annual Report, Part II.

1889. Eleventh Annual Report, Part II.

1890. Twelfth Annual Report, Part II.

1891. Thirteenth Annual Report, Part III.

1892. Fourteenth Annual Report, Part II.

1893. Bulletin No. 131.

1894. Bulletin No. 131; Sixteenth Annual Report, Part II.

1895. Bulletin No. 140.

1896. Water-Supply Paper No. 11; Eighteenth Annual Report, Part IV.

1897. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 15 and 16; Nineteenth Annual Report, Part IV.

1898. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 27 and 28; Twentieth Annual Report, Part IV.

1899. Water-Snpply Papers Nos. 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39; Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

1900. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52; Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

1901. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 65 and 75. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 66 and 75.

1902. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 82 and 83. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 84 and 85.

IKE 127 05 13 i
II ADVERTISEMENT.

1903. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 97 and 98. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 99 and 100.

1904. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, and 129. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, and 136.

The Geological Survey and the Reclamation Service have suboffices in different parts of the United 

States, from which hydrographic and reclamation work in the respective localities is carried on and 

where data may be obtained on application. These offices are located as follows:

Boston, Mass., 6 Beacon street; Utica, N. Y., 75 Arcade; Atlanta, Ga., 409 Temple court; Austin, 

Tex., University of Texas; Chicago, 111., Federal Building; Belle Fourche, 8. Dak.; Cody, Wyo.; 

Denver, Colo., Chamber of Commerce Building; Salt Lake, Utah; Los Angeles, Cal., 1108 Braly Building; San Francisco, Cal., 422 Merchants' Exchange Building; Phoenix, Ariz.; Carlsbad, N. Mex.; El 

Paso, Tex.; Billings, Mont.; Great Falls, Mont.; Hazen, Nev.; Boise, Idaho; Spokane, Wash., 424 

Peyton Block; Pendleton, Oreg.

Correspondence should be addressed to

THE DIRECTOR,

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

JUNE, 1905.
LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS.

[Mount each slip upon a separate card, placing the subject at the top of the 

second slip. The name of the series should not be repeated on the series 

card, but the additional numbers should be added, as received, to the first 

entry. ]

U. S. Geological survey.

. . . Report of progress of stream measurements for 

the calendar year 1904. Prepared under the direction 

of F. H. Newell by M. R. Hall and John C. Hoyt. 

PL IV. Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha 

rivers and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainage. Washington, Gov't print, off., 1905.

192, iii p. illus. II pi. (incl. map) 23cm. (Water-supply and irrigation 

paper no. 127)

Subject series: P, Hydrographic progress reports, 32.

1. Stream measurements. 2. Rivers U. S. I. Hall, Maxcy R. II. 

Hoyt, John Clayton, 1874-

U. S. Geological survey.

. . . Report of progress of stream measurements for 

the calendar year 1904. Prepared under the direction 

of F. H. Newell by M. R. Hall and John C. Hoyt. 

Pt. IV. Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha 

rivers and eastern Gulf of Mexico drainage. Washington, Gov't print, off., 1905.

192, iii p. illus. II pi. (incl. map) 23cm . (Water-supply and irrigation 

paper no. 127)

Subject series: P, Hydrographic progress reports, 32.

1. Stream measurements. 2. Rivers U. S. I. Hall, Maxcy R. II. 

Hoyt, John Clayton, 1874-

U. S. Geological survey.

Water-supply and irrigation papers, 

no. 127. Report of progress of stream measurements 

for ... 1904 . . . by M. R. Hall and J. C. 

Hoyt. Pt. IV. 1905.

U. S. Dept. of the Interior.

see also 

U. S. Geological survey.