DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTis SMITH, Director 

Water-Supply Paper 385 

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES 

1914 

PART V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI . 

RIVER BASINS 

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer 

W. G. HOYT and A. H. HORTON, District Engineers 

Prepared in cooperation with the States of Minnesota, Wisconsin, 

Iowa, and Illinois 

WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1 9 1 5 

CONTENTS. 

Authorization and scope of work ..........•.......•...••..••..•.•....•.... 

Publications ...............•. ___ ._ ... _ .. _ .........••..................... 

Definition of tertnB ............................•........................•. 

Convenient equivalents .....................•...•.........•.....••..•...•. 

Explanation of data ..............•.......•...•.......•...........•....... 

Accuracy of field data and c~mputed results ...................•.•.......•. 

Cooperation ...•...................... : ....... __ ..................•...... _ 

Division of work ...•.•.•.............. ~ ............ ___ ... ___ ..... _ ..•..•. 

Station records .........•........••... _ .... ___ .. __ .. ____ ...... __ •..... _ .•. 

Hudson Bay drainage area in the United States ....................... . 

St. Mary River near Babb, Mont ......... , ......•...•...........•. 

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek at Babb, Mont ........... . 

St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta ...........................•. 

Swiftcurrent Creek at McDermott Lake, Mont ..................... . 

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne Lake, Mont .....................•. 

Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn. __ ..... . 

Red River at Fargo, N.Dak .................. ··---- ............•. · 

Red River at Grand Forks, N.Dak ..••.......... ---·---- ......... . 

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn .... ---------- .. -------· ... . 

Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn ...................... . 

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn ...•.........................•. 

Thief River near Thief" River Falls, Minn ......................... . 

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn •..•..................... 

South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn .................... . 

Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak ...••..••......................•• 

West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn .................. . 

Mouse River at Minot, N.Dak ....•..........•.............••....•. 

Evaporation at University, N.Dak .... -- ..•....................•.. 

Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn .•...•......•.. -- ...•....•......•.•••• 

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn ...•......•...•..•..•.•••• 

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Mfun ...••..••• 

Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn •••............•.••..••....•• 

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin ..........................•...•• 

Mississippi River above Sandy River, near Libby, Minn ........... . 

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn ..•.....•...............•......• 

Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn ............•....... 

Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn •...................... 

Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn .......... _ .................... . 

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn .....•... , .......... : ........... . 

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn ............................. . 

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn ................................... . 

Crow River at Rockford, Minn .................................... . 

Rum River at Cambridge, Minn ...... __ .......................... . 

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn; ...................••.....• 

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn .•••.•••..••.•••...••...•...•• 

3 

Page. 

7 

8 

11 

12 

15 

17 

18 

18 

19 

19 

19 

22 

25 

28 

29 

31 

32. 

35 

37 

40 

42 

44 

46 

49 

51 

53 

56 

57 

59 

60 

64 

66 

6_9 

69 

70 

74 

75 

77 

79 

82 

85 

88 

91 

92 

95 
4 CONTENTS. 

Station records-Continued. 

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin-Continued. Page. 

Lac Qui Parle River at Lac Qui Parle, Minn....................... 98 

Chippewa River near Watson, Minn............................... 100 

Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn......................... 103 

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis.... . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 

St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis ............. ~.. . . . . . . . . . . . 107 

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 

Yellow River at Webster, Wis..................................... 110 

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 

Snake River near Pine City, Minn .................. .'.............. 114 

Apple River near Somerset, Wis... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 

Cannon River at Welch, Minn..................................... 119 

Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis............... 121 

Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 125 

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis........................... 128 

West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, Wis......... 131 

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis.............................. 135 

Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis............................. 136 

Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis............................... 137 

Eau Claire River at Eau Claire, Wis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 

Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis............................... 142 

Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 

South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn.... . . . . . . . . 149 

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 

Black River at Neillsville, Wis ..•...•............................. · 154 

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis............................. 156 

Root River near Houston, Minn.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 

North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 

Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 

Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis............................ 165 

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 

Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis................................ 170 

Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis ..•....................... '..... 171 

Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis.................................. 172 

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis............................... 175 

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis.......... . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 175 

Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis................................ 177 

Eau Claire River at Kelley, Wis ...•.......•............. ~ . . . . . . . . • 180 

Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis.............................. 183 

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis.................................. 184 

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 

Maquoketa River above mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River, 

near Maquoketa, Iowa.......................................... 190 

Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River, 

near Maquoketa, Iowa ..•..•••..••..........•.................. , 193 

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa........................... 195 

Rock River at Watertown, Wis......... . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 

Rock River at Afton, Wis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . • 198 

Rock River at Rockford, Ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • • • . . • . 201 
CONTENTS. 5 

Station records-Continued. 

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin-Continued. Page. 

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 

Pecatonica River at Freeport, Ill..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 

Iowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 

Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa ..•.................... :............ 212 

Cedar River near Austin, Minn.................................... 214 

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa................................ 217 

Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 

Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa........................ . . . . . 223 

Des Plaines River at Romeo, Ill..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 

Des Plaines River at Joliet, Ill.............................. . . . . . . 226 

Fox River at South Elgin, Ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 

Fox River at Aurora, Ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 

Vermilion River near Streator, Ill . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 

Spoon River at Seville, Ill........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 

Sangamon River at Monticello, Ill....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 

Sangamon River at Riverton, Ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 

Sangamon River near Oakford, Ill... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, Ill................ 232 

Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, Ill.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, IlL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 235 

Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, Ill.................................... 236 

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, Ill............................... 237 

Shoal Creek at Breese, Ill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 

Silver Creek at Lebanon, Ill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 

Big Muddy River at Plum:field, Ill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 

Beaucoup Creek at Pinckneyville, IlL............................. 241 

Miscellaneous measurements.......................................... 242 

Index............................................................... 245 

Stream-gaging stations and papers relating to water resources................ I 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page. 

PLATE I. .A, Price current meter; B, Typical gaging station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

II. Automatic gages: .A, Stevens; B, Gurley; C, Friez. .. ..... ..••..•.• 17 

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF HUDSON BAY AND UPPER 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS, 1914. 

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK. 

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1914. 

The data presented in these reports wer~ collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under authority implied in the organic law 

(20 Stat. L., p. 394), which contains the following paragraph: 

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain. 

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies of 

water supply for irrigation. Since the fiscal year ending June 30, 

1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have carried 

the following item and appropriations: 

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States 

and for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells and for the 

preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources. 

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1895-1915. 

1895 ......................................................... $12, 500 

1896.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 20, 000 

1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... 50,000 

1901 to 1902, inclusive .....................................•• 100, 000 

1903 to 1906, inclusive ....................................... 200, 000 

1907 ......•.............................................••..• 150, 000 

1908 to 1910, inclusive ....................................... 100,000 

1911 to 1915, inclusive .....................................•• 150,000 

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in 

collecting data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind 

are made in connection with the description of each station affected; 

cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 18. 

7 
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 3~400 points 

in the United States and also at many points in small areas in Seward Peninsula and the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, and the Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1914, 1,480 gaging stations were. being maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In 

oonnection with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will be made available in 

the regular water-supply papers from time to time. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

A report has been prepared for each year, embodying the streamflow data collected during that year. Previous to 1911 the basis of 

publication was a calendar year. One volume of the report for 1911 

(Pt. XII), three volumes for 1912 (Pts. X, XI, and XII), six volumes for 1913 (Pts, III, V, VIII, X, XI, and XII), and all the parts 

of the report for 1914 contain records for the year ending September 30. An index to the reports containing stream-flow measurements prior to 1904 has been published as Water-Supply Paper 119. 

Circulars are also available giving complete lists of the gaging stations maintained by the Survey to date and a list of the reports 

relating to the water resources of the country. 

Gage heights and discharge measurements prior to 1901 were published in water-supply papers or bulletins and estimates o~ monthly 

discharge in annual reports. Since 1901 complete records of both 

classes of data have been published in water-supply papers. They 

are now being published in 14 parts, as shown in the following table: 

No. 

381 

382 

383 

384 

385 

386 

387 

388 

389 

390 

391 392-394 392 

393 

394 

Papers on surface water supply of the United States, 1914. 

Title. 

North A tla.ntlc basins. 

South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins. 

Ohio River basln. 

St. Lawrence River basln. 

Hudson Bay and Upper Miss!sslppl River basins. 

Missouri River basln. 

Lower Mississippi River basln. 

Western Gulf o!Mexico baslns. 

Colorado River basln. 

Great Basin. 

Pacific dralnage basins ln California. 

North Pacific dralnage baslns: 

Pacific basins ln Washington and Upper Columbia River basln. 

Snake River basln. 

Lower Columbia River and Pacific basins ln Oregon. 
PUBLICATIONS. 9 

A list of reports containing stream-flow data Is presented in the 

following table: 

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; WS= Water-Supply Paper.] 

Report. Character of data. 

loth A, pt. 2 ........... Descriptive information· only ................................... . 11th A, pt. 2........... Monthly discharge and descriptive information ................. . 

12th A, pt. 2 ................ do .......................................................... . 

13th A, pt. 3. _ .. _...... Mean discharge in second-feet ... _ ......•......................... 

14th A, pt. 2 .......... . 

B131. •................ 16thA,pt.2 .......... . B 140 •....•..•......... 

ws 11 ................ . 18th A, pt. 4 ....•...... 

WS15 ................ . 

Monthly discharge (long-time records, 1871 to 1893) .............. . 

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings .......... . Descriptive mformation only. 

Descriptions; measurements, gage heights, ratings! and monthly discharge \also many data covering earlier years). Gage hei~hts (also gage heights for earlier years) ................ . DescriptiOns, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge (also similar data for some earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage he~hts, eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and MISsouri River above 

junction with Kansas. I 

WS 16 ... _............. Descriptions, measurements, and ~age heigb,ts.~-. western Mississippi River below junction of MISsouri and J:"latte, and west- ern United States. 

9th A, pt. 4 ..•........ Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and Jnonthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). .I 

WS 27 ... _ .. _.......... Measurements, ratings, and gage heights1 eastern United States, eastern MissiSSipJ?i River, and Missoun River. 

WS 28 ... _............. Measurements, ratmgs, and gage heights, At kansas River and western United States. 1 

20th A, pt. 4 ........... · Monthly discharge (also for many earlier years) ................. . 

~~~lot~::-:-:-:-:~::::: : ~~~f~ii~t't:ch~:;:~~~en.ts~ -~a~~~~~~~·.~-~ -~a~~-~s_-_ ~ ~:::::: :: 

22d A, pt. 4. _.......... ~~~t~ii~'t:c~;:~~~en:s~ -~a~~~~~~~·-~-~ -~~s_._._ ·.:::::::: 

WS 65, 66.............. Desc~tions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings ... _ ...... . 

~i ~tit~~~~~~~~~~~~: : r:~~~~~~~~~t~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ WS 165 to 178 ............... do ........................................ 1 ••••••••••••••••••• 

WS 201 to 214 ............... do._ ...................................... ' .................. . WS 241 to 252 ••••..........• do._ ...................................... 1 ••••••••••••••••••• 

WS 261 to 272 ••............. do._ ...................................... · .................. . WS 281 to 292 .•............. do ........................................ 1 ...•....•.••.•.•.•. 

WS 301 to 312 ............... do .•......................................................... WS 321 to 332 ............... do ........................................ I •.........•.••••••• 

;:~ ~~~ i~ ~g~::::::: :: :::: :~~::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: :[ :::::::::::::::::: 

a In preparation. I 

Year. 

1884 to Sept. 1890. 

1884 to June 

30, 1891. 

1884 to Dec. 

31, 1892. 

1888 to Dec. 

31, 1893. 

1893nnd 1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1895and 1896. 

1897. 

1897. 

1897. 

1898. 

1898. 

1898. 

1899. 

1899. 

1900. 

1900. 

1901. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907-8. 

1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

NoTE.-No data regarding stream flow are given in the fifteenth and s?venteenth annual reports. 

The following table gives, by years and dramage basins, the numbers of the papers on surface-water supply pu!blished from 189,9 to 

1914. As a rule the data for any particular st~tion will be found in 

the reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. For example, data for any station in1 the area covered by 

Part I are published in Water-Supply Papers 91?, 124, 165, 201, 241, 

261, 281, 301, 321, and 351, which contain recotds for the New England streams from 1903 to 1913. 
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream measurements, 1899-1914. 

I n lll IV v VI 

South 

North Atlantic Hudson Atlantic and eastern St. Bay and Year. basins Gulf basins Ohio Lawrence ~p~r Missouri <Iit. John (James River. River and ISS18- River. iver to River Great 

York to the Lakes. sippi 

River). Missis· R1ver. 

sippi). 

1899a ••••••• 35 b 35,36 36 36 36 •36 37 190011 ••••••• 47n: 48 48 48~49 49 49 49Jso 1901.. ••.••• '75 65,75 ,75 65,75 k 65, 66,75 ,75 1902 •••••••• 82 b 82,83 83 182,83 k 83,85 84 

1903 ••••.••• 97 b97,98 98 97 h98,m99,100 99 1904 •••••••. n 124,P 125 0 126,127 128 129 k 128,130 130, q 131 0126 1905 ••••.... n165, P 166 

0167 0 167,168 169 170 171 172 

1906 •••••••• n201, P202 

•203 

0 203,204 205 206 207 208 

1907-8 ••••• : 241 242 243 244 245 246 1909 ••••. ; .• 261 262 263 264 265 266 1910 ••••.••• 281 282 283 284 285 286 

1911 •••••••. 301 302 303 304 305 306 1912 •••••••• 321 322 323 324 325 326 

1913 •••••••• 851 352 853 354 855 356 

1914 •••••••• 381 382 383 384 385 386 

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply Paper 39. Estima.t.es for 1899 in 'l'wenty-flrst Annual Report, Part IV. 1i James River only. • Scioto River. 

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison. • Mohave River ouly. f Kings and Kern rivers and South Pacific coast drainage basins. v Ratfug tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, wells, and irrigation In {)a)jfornia and Utah eon tamed in Water-Supply Paper 52. Esti- mates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report Part IV. 

7> Wlssalllckon and Schuylkill rivers to James JSiver. 

' Gallatin River. ' 

vn VUI IX X XI xn 

North Pacific 'drainage basins. 

Lower Pacific Pacific 

Mlssls- Western Colorado Great sl~ basins in Lower 

sippi Gulf of River. Basin. in ali- Wash!';f- Snake Columbia 

Mexico. River and River. fomia. ton an River Pacific upper basin. basins fn Columbia 

River. Oregon. 

---

37 37 d 37,38 38, e 39 38, f 39 38 38 38 

50 50 50 51 51 51 51 51 k 65,66, 75 66,75 66,75 66,75 66,75 66,75 66,~ 66,75 k 83,84 84 85 85 85. 85 85 k 98,99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 k 128,131 132 133 133, r 134 134 135 135 135 

k 169,173 174 175,1 177 176,r177 177 178 178 •177, 178 

k 205,209 210 211 212, r 213 213 ~14 214 214 

247 248 249 250,r 251 251 252 252 252 267 268 269 270,r271 271 272 272 272 287 288 289 290 291 292 292 292 307 308 309 310 311 312 312 312 327 328 329 330 331 332 332 332 857 358 359 360 361 362 362 362 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 

I Loup and Platte rivers near Cohlmbus, Nebr., and all tributaries below junction with Platte. · I< Tributaries of Mississippi from east. I Lake Ontario and tributaries to St. Lawrence River proper. m Hudson Bay only. " New England rivers only. o Susquehanna River to Y adkhl River, inclusive. p Hudson River to Delaware River, inclusive. q Platte and Kansas rivers. r Great Basin in California, except Truckee and Carson river basins. • Rogue, Umpqua, and Siletz rivers only. t Below junction with Gila. 
DEFINITION OF TERMS 11 

Water-supply papers and other publicatio s of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or cons ted as indicated below. 

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by pplying to the Director 

of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition printed 

for free distribution is, however, small and is oon exhausted. 

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal ost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish lists giving prices. 

3. Sets of reports may be consulted in the libraries of the principal 

cities of the United States. 

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-recources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows: 

Albany, N. Y., Room 1R, Federal Building. 

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building. 

Madison, Wis., Capitol Building. 

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building. 

Helena, Mont., Montana Natio:nal Bank Building . 

. Denver, Colo., 302 Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Phoeirlx, Ariz., Fleming Building. 

Austin, Tex., Old Post Office Building. 

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building. 

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building. 

Tacoma, Wash., Federal Building. 

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building. 

San Francisco, Cal., 505 Customhouse. 

Los Angeles, Cal., Federal Building. 

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building. 

DEFINITION OF TERMS. 

The volume of water flowing in a stream-the "run-off" or "diseharge"-is expressed in various terms, each of whioh has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

int two groups-(1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfee , gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of 

wa er, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic 

fee . The principal terms used in this series of reports are secondfee , second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, acre-feet, and 

mi "ons of cubic feet. They may .be defined as follows: 

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." A 

sec nd-:foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel of 

rec angular cross-section 1 foot wide and 1 :foot deep at an average 

velrity of 1 :foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental. 

uni from which others are computed by the use of the factors given 

in t e tables of convenient equivalents (p. 12). 

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, on 
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as regards time and area. 

"Run-off, depth in inches," is the depthto which the drainage area 

would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period 

were conserved and uniformly distributed ou the surface. It is used 

for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in 

depth of inches. 

An "acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet and is the quantity required to cover au acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is 

oommouly used in connection with storage for irrigation. 

"Millions of cubic-feet" is used to express quantities of water 

stored in reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of 

flood control. 

The following terms used in these reports are not in common use. 

"Discharge relation," au abbreviation for the term "relation of 

gage height to discharge." 

"Control," "controlling section," and "point of control," terms 

us~d to designate the section or sections of the stream below the gage 

which determine the discharge relation at the gage. It should be 

noted that the control may not be the same section or sections at all 

stages. 

The "point of zero flow" for a given gaging station is that point on 

the gage-the gage height-to which the surface of the river would 

fall if there were uo flow. .r 

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. 

. The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations: 

Table for converting discharge in second1eet pe:r square mile into run-off in depth in inches ove:r the area. 

Discharge R un-ofi in inches. 

in secondfeet per 

square mile. 1 day. 28 days. 29 days. 30 days. 31 days. 

1.. 00 00 00 0 0.03719 1.041 1.079 1.116 1.153 

2 ••....... 0 07438 2.083 2.157 2.231 2.306 

3 •........ .11157 3.124 3.236 3.347 3.459 

4 ......... .14876 4.165 4.314 4.463 4.612 

5 ......... .18595 5.207 5.393 5.578 5.764 

6 ......... 0 22314 6.248 6.471 6.694 6.917 

7 ...•.••.• .26033 7.289 7.550 7.810 8.070 

8 .•.•.•••. .29752 8.331 8.628 8.926 9.223 

9 .•.•.••.. 0 33471 9.372 9. 707 10.041 10.376 

N OTE.-Forpart of a. month multiply the ftgure for one day by the number of days. 
CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. 13 

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet. 

Discharge Run-off in acre-feet. 

in secondfeet. 1 day. 28 days. 29 days. 30 days. 31 days. 

1. ........ 1.983 55.54 57.52 59.50 61.49 

2 ......... 3.967 111.1 11/).0 119.0 123.0 

3 ......... 5.950 166.6 172.6 178.5 184.5 

4 ......... 7.934 222.1 230.1 238.0 246.0 5 ......... 9.917 277.7 287.6 297.5 307.4 

6 ......... 11.90 333.2 345.1 357.0 368.9 

7 ......... 13.88 388.8 402.6 416.5 430.4 

8 ......... 15.87 444.3 460.2 476.0 491.9 

9 ......... 17.85 499.8 517.7 535.5 553.4 

N OTE.-For part of a month multiply the figure for one day by the number of days. 

Tabl-e for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic-feet. 

Discharge 

Run-off in millions of cubic feet. 

in second· 

feet. 1 day. 28 days. 29 days. 30 days. 31 days. 

1. ........ 0.0864 2.419 2.506 2.592 2.678 

2 ......... .1728 4.838 5.012 5.184 5.356 

3 ......... .2592 7.257 7.518 7.776 8.034 

4 ......... .3456 9.676 10.024 10.368 10.712 5 ......... .4320 12.095 12.530 12.960 13.390 

6 ......... .5184 15.514 15.036 15.552 16.068 

7 ......... .6048 16.933 17.542 18.144 18.746' 

8 ......... .6912 19.352 20.048 20.736 21.424 

9 ......... • 7776 21.771 22.554 23.328 24.102 

N OTE.-For part of a month multiply the figure for one day by the number of day. 

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons. 

Discharge Run-off in millions of gallons. 

in secondfeet. 1 day. 28 days. 29 days. 30 days. 31 days. 

1. ........ 0.6463 18.10 18.74 19.39 20.04 

2 ......... 1.293 36.20 37.48 38.78 40.08 

3 ......... 1.939 54.30 56.22 58.17 60.12 

4 ......... 2.585 72.40 74.96 77.56 80.16 5 ......... 3.232 90.50 93.70 96.95 100.2 

6 ......... 3.878 108.6 112.4 116.3 120.2 7 ......... 4.524 126.7 131.2 135.7 140.3 

8 ......... 5.170 144.8 149.9 155.1 160.3 

9 ......... 5.817 162.9 168.7 174.5 180.4 

N OTE.-For part of month multiply the figure for one day by the number of days. 

Table for converting velocity in feet per second into velocity in miles per hour. 

(lfoot persecond=0.681818 mile per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mile per hour=l.4666 

feet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used, I 

Tenths. 

Units. 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 

--------------------------- 0 ......... 0.000 0.068 0.136 0.205 0.273 0.341 0.409 0.477 0.545 0.614 

1. ........ .682 .750 .818 .886 .995 1.02 1.09 1.16 1.23 1.30 

2 ......... 1.36 1. 43 1.50 1.57 1.64 1. 70 1. 77 1.84 1.91 1. 98 

3 ......... 2.05 2.11 2.18 2.25 2.32 2.39 2.45 2.52 2.59 2.68 

4 ......... 2. 73 2.80 2.86 2.93 3.00 3.07 3.14 3.20 3.27 3.34 

5 ......... 3.41 3.48 3.55 3.61 3.68 3. 75 3.82 3.89 3.95 4.02 

6 ......... 4.09 4.16 4.23 4.30 4.36 4.43 4.50 4.57 4.64 4. 70 

7 ......... 4. 77 4.84 4.91 4,98 5.05 5.11 5.18 5.25 5.32 5.39 

8 .. : ...... 5. 45 5.52 5.59 5.66 5. 73 5.80 5, 86 5.93 6.00 6.07 

9 ......... 6.14 6.20 6.27 6.34 6.41 6.48 6.55 6.61 6.68 6. 75 
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V, 

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901). 

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day. 

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches 

deep. 

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet. 

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour .. 

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet. 

1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep. 

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet. 

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for one 

day. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month. 

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month. 

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second. 

100 California miner's inches for one day equal4.96 acre-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equal 2.60 second-feet. 

100 Colorado's miner's inches equal19.5 United States gallons per second. 

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equal5.17 acre-feet. 

100 United States Gallons per minute equal 0.223 second-foot. 

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equal 0.442 acre-foot. 

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equal1.55 second-feet. 

1,000,000 United States gallons equal3.07 acre-feet. 

1,000,000 cubic feet equal22.95 acre-feet. 

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons. 

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year. 

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. 

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers. 

1 mile equals 5,280 feet. 

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare. 

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly. 

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers. 

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 ·cubic meter. 

1 cubic foor of Witter weighs 62.5 pounds. 

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot. 

1 horsepower equals 550 foot pounds per second. 

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second. 

1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 

1 horse power equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet. 

11 horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt. 

To calculate water power quickly: Sec.-ft. X{~1 in feet net horsepower on water 

wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power. 
SURF~CE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 15 

~XPLANA.TION OF DATA.. 

The data present~d in this report cover the year beginning October 

1, 1913, and ending! September 30, 1914. At the first of January in 

most parts of the country a large amount of jihe precipitation for 

the preceding three 'months is stored, either as ground water, in the 

form of snow, or in lakes. This stored water passes off in the streams 

during the spring break up. At the end of September the only 

stored water available for run-off in the streams is possibly a small 

amount held in ground storage. Therefore the run-off for a year 

beginning with October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

occurring within that year. 

For each regular gaging station the following data, so far as available, are given: Description of the station, list of discharge measurements, table of daily gage heights, table of daily discharge, table of 

monthly and yearlyi discharge and run-off. For stations located at 

weirs or dams the gage-height table is usually omitted. 

In addition to statements regarding the location and equipment of 

gaging stations the descriptions give information in regard to any 

conditions that may affect the constancy of the discharge relation 

covering such points as ice, logging, shifting channels, and backwater; also information regarding diversions which decrease the total 

flow at the gage. Statements are also made regarding the accuracy 

of the data and computed results. 

In the tables of daily gage height the use of zeros in the hundredths 

place indicates the «Jegree of refinement to which the gage was read 

and to· which the mean daily gage height was computed. If a gage 

is read to tenths or half-tenths once a day or to tenths twice a day, 

no zeros appear in the hundredths place for any stage. If the gage 

is read to half-tenths twice a day or to quarter-tenths or hundredths, 

· regardless of the number of readings a day, the gage heights are published to hundredths, and zeros appear in the hundredths place, 

below a certain limiting stage. This limiting stage is so selected 

that the average error in the mean daily discharge, resulting from 

not using the mean daily gage height to hundredths above that stage, 

shall not be greater than 2 per cent. For automatic gages the allowable average error of the daily discharge has been taken as 1 per 

cent. The selection of the percentage is arbitrary, but it should be 

noted that the maximum error will in all cases be twice the average 

error. In like manner half-tenths are used from the hundredths 

limit to another higher limit, above which only tenths are used. It 

is the aim to have the gage-height observations at each gaging station 

recorded to the degree of refinement required by the above method 

of use, but in practice it is found necessary, in order to avoid confusion in the gage observer's record, to have the observations for all 
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

stages recorded to the degree of refinement reqUired for low stages, 

which usua.lly necessitates readings to hundredths of a foot. 

The table of daily gage height shows the daily fluctuations of the 

surface of the river a:_s found from the mean of.the gage readings taken 

each day, usua.lly in the morning and in the evening, though at many 

stations only one reading is made each day. At many stations automatic gages are used, some of which give a continuous record of 

river stage in the form of a hydrograph and others a record printed 

at intervals, from which the mean daily gage height can be computed. The gage height given in the table represents the elevation of 

the surface of the water above the zero of the gage. When the discharge 

relation is affected by the presence of ice in the streams or by backwater from obstructions, all gage heights are published as recorded, 

with suitable footnotes. The rating table is not applicable for such 

periods unless the proper corrections to the gage heights are known 

and applied. Attention is called to the fact that the zero of the 

gage is placed at an arbitrary datum, in general, somewhat below 

the lowest point in the cross section, to avoid negative readings. 

The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data 

from which rating tables, daily discharge tables, and monthly discharge tables are compute~. 

The base data presented in this report, unless otherwise stated in 

description of station, have been collected by the methods commonly 

used at current-meter gaging stations and described in standard textbooks. (See Pls. I and II.) 

The rating table gives, either directly or by interpolatiEm, the 

discharge in second-feet corresponding to every stage of the river 

recorded during the period for which it is applicable. It is not published in this report, but ean be determined from the tables of daily 

gage heights.and daily discharge. 

The table of daily discharge determined from the. gage height and 

rating table gives the discharge in second-feet cottesponding to the · 

means of the gage. r~dings observed each day. At some stations 

subject to rapid or diurnal fluctuation the discharge obta.ined from 

the rating table and the mean d~ily gage height may not be the true 

mean discharge for the day. When such stations are equipped with 

automatic gages the true mean daily discharge may be obtained by 

weighting discharges for parts of the day. 

In the.table of monthly discharge the column headed ''Maximum" 

gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the day 

when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is the 

mean forthe day, it does not indicate correctly the stage at which the 

water surface w~ at crest height and the corresponding 'discharge 

was consequently larger than given in the maxililtun columii. Likewise, in the colum.D. of "Minimum" the quantity given is_ the mean 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 385 PLATE I 

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS. 

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATIONS. 
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 385 F'LATE II 

.A. STEVENS. B. GURLEY . 0. FRIEZ. 

AUTOMATIC GAGES. 
ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS. 17 

flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column 

headed "Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second 

during the month. On this the computations for the remaining columns, which are defined on pages 11 and 12, are based. 

ACCURACY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS. 

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of observation of stage, 

measurements of flow, and interpretation of records .. 

In order to give engineers and others information regarding the 

probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to 

the daily discharge tables, stating the probable accuracy of the rating 

tables used, and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. For the rating tables, "well defined" indicates, in 

general, that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; 

"fairly well defined" within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" or "approximate" within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general 

and are based on the plotting of the individual measurements with 

reference to the mean rating curve. 

The accuracy column in the monthly discharge table does not apply 

to the estimate of maximum or minimum discharge nor to that for 

any one day, but to the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy 

of the rating curve, the probable reliability of the observer, the number of gage readings per day, the range of the fluctuation in stage, 

and knowledge of local conditions. In this column A indicates that 

the mean monthly flow is probably accurate within 5 per cent; B, 

within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per cent; D, within 25 per cent. 

Special conditions are covered by footnotes. 

Even though the monthly means for any station may represent 

with a high degree of accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the 

gage, the figures showing discharge per square mile and depth of runoff in inches may be subject to gross errors which result from including in the measured drainage area large noncontributing districts or 

omitting estimates of water diverted for irrigation or other use. On 

this account computations of "second~feet per square mile" and 

"run-off (depth in inches)" have not been ~ade for streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is less 'than 20 inches, nor for 

streams draining areas in which the precipitation exceeds 20 inches 

if such computations might be uncertain or misleading because of the 

presence of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage 

area, because of the omission ef estimates of water diverted for irri- · 

gation or other use, or because of artificial control or unusual natural 

control of the flow of the river above the gaging station. AU values 

of "second-feet per square mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" 

97825°--\VSP385--15----2 
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

previously published by the Survey should be used with care because 

of possible inherent sources of error not known to the Survey. 

In general the base data collected each year by the Survey engineers are published not only to comply with the law but also to afford 

any engineer the means of analyzing in detail the results of the computations. The table of monthly discharge is so arranged as. to give 

only a general idea of the flow at the station and should not be used 

for other than preliminary estimates; the. tables of daily discharge 

allow more detai~ed studies of the variation in flow. It should be 

borne in mind, however, that the observations in each succeeding 

year may be expected to throw new light on data already collected 

and published. COOPERATION. 

During the year ending September 30, 1914, the stream-measurement work of the Survey in the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi 

River basins was carried on in cooperatio~ with the States as indicated in the following paragraphs: · 

In Montana the work was done in cooperation with the United 

States Reclamation Service. 

In Minnesota the work was carried on in conjunction with the 

State Drainage Commission, E. V. Willard, acting State drainage 

engineer, under terms of an act of the legislature of 1909 as embodied 

in joint resolution 19, which reads as follows: 

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation of our rivers, drainage of 

our lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally 

form one great asset and present one great problem, therefore: 

Be it resolved by the house of representatives, the senate concurring, That the State 

Drainage Commission be, and is hereby, directed to investigate progress in other 

States toward the solution of said problem in such States, to investigate and determine 

the nature of soil problem in this S.tate. 

In Wisconsin the work was done in cooperation with the State 

Railroad Commission, C. M. Larson, chief engineer. 

In Iowa the cooperating organization is the Iowa Geological Survey, 

George I. Kay, director. 

In Illinois the work was done in cooperation with the State of 

Illinois Rivers and Lakes Commission. 

DIVISION OF WORK. 

Field data in the Hudson Bay drainage basin, except in Minnesota, 

were collected under the direction of W. A. Lamb, district engineer, 

Helena, Mont., by E. F. Chandler, W. B. Stevenson, Ole Christianson, 

and L. W. Burdick. The ratings and studies of the completed data 

were made by W. A. Ltm1b, E. F. Chandler, and B. J. Peterson. 

Estimates of flow during periods when the discharge relation was 

affected by ice were made by E. F. Chandler. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 19 

Field data in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in Minnesota were 

collected under the· direction of W. G. Hoyt, district engineer, 

Madison, Wis., by S. B. Soule, E. F. Chandler, B. J. Peterson, J. B. 

Stewart, W. B. Stevenson, Ole Christianson, and L. W. Burdick. 

The ratings and studies of the completed data were made by W. G. 

Hoyt, E. F. Chandler, and B. J. Peterson. The estimates of flow 

during periods when the discharge relation was affected by ice were 

made by S. B. Soule and E. F. Chandler. 

Field data for the upper Mississippi River drainage basin in Minnesota and Iowa were collected under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, 

district engineer, Madison, Wis., by S. B. Soule, B. J. Peterson, and 

J. B. Stewart. The ratings and studies of the completed data were 

made by S. B. Soule and B. J. Peterson. Estimates of flow when the 

discharge relation was affected by ice were made by S. B. Soule. 

Field data for the upper Mississippi River drainage basin in the 

State of Wisconsin were collected under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, 

district engineer, Madison, Wis., by G. H. Canfield, H. C. Beckman, 

M. F. Rather, 0. A. Stellar, and E. E. Dillon. The ratings and 

studies of the completed data were made by W. G. Hoyt and B. J. 

Peterson. Estimates of flow when the discharge relation was 

affected by ice were made by W. G. Hoyt. 

In the upper Mississippi River drainage basin in Illinois the field 

data were collected under the direction of A. H. Horton, district 

engineer, Washington, D. C., by B. J. Peterson and William Kessler. 

The completed data for the report were prepared for publication by 

B. J. Peterson. Computations for stations in the State of Wisconsin 

were made under the direction of B. J. Peterson, by G. H. Canfield, 

H. C. Beckman, W. C. Muehlstein, and Joe Entringer. Computations 

for stations outside of the State of Wisconsin were made by J. G. 

Mathers, B. J. Peterson, M. I. Walters, and W. A. Elwood. 

The report was edited by Mrs. B. D. Wood. 

STATION RECORDS. 

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR BABB, MONT. 

Location.-Near dam site one-fourth mile below outlet of lower St. Mary Lake, 1 

mile above mouth of Swiftcurrent Creek, and about 2 miles south of Babb, Mont. 

Records available.-April 9, 1902, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-177 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage on right bank; a temporary low-water gage used during winter 

months. 

Channel and control.-Practically permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from cable 300 feet below gage. In September, 

1909, the cable was moved from a point 300 feet downstream. Low-water measurements made by wading one-fourth mile above gage. 

Winter fl.ow.-Channel freezes over at gage but records are not affected thereby; 

Floods.-The flood of June 5, 1908, reached a stage of about 9.4 feet. 

Accuracy.-Records good. 
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY! 1914, PART V. 

Diacharge measurements of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., during the year ending Sept. 

13, 1914. 

[Made by W. A. Lamb.) 

Date. Gage 

height. 

Discharge. 

Dec.19 .•.•.•.•..•........•....•.................................................... Feet. 0.93 

.92 

Sec.-(!. a95 

:Mar.13 ........................................................................... .. 82 

a :Made by wading. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont. ,for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[G. R. Barnhart, observll.".) 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. :Mar. Apr. :May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ............. 1.5 1.45 ......... ......... --o:75. .. ........ 1.0 2.4 3.5 3.1 2.3 1.9 

2 .....•........ 1.5 1.45 ............ "o:75· --o:oo· 1.0 2.4 ·3.6 3.1 .......... 1.85 

3 .............. 1.45 1.5 ........... .. ........... 1.0 2.5 3.8 3.1 "2:3" 1.75 

4 .............. 1.5 1.5 .............. . ......... .. ............ . ............ 1.0 2:7 4.0 1.8 

5 .............. 1.5 1.5 ............ .......... .............. .. ............ 1.0 2.9 4.0 3.2 2.2 1. 75 

6 .............. 1.5 1.5 .......... ·--:75' 1.0 3.0 4.1 3.2 2.25 1.7 

7 .............. 1.5 1.5 .6 .90 1.0 3.0 4.0 3.4 2.2 

8 .............. 1.45 1.5 ............. .............. .............. .. ............ 1.0 3.0 3.8 3.3 2.2 

9 .............. 1.5 1.5 ............. ............ .. ........ .. .......... 1.0 2.9 3.6 3.4 2.1 "T7' 

10 ..•.•.•....... 1.5 1.5 ............ ........... .. .. ... .. -~ .. ......... 1.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.0 1.65 

11 .............. 1.45 1.5 .65 .75 .90 1.0 3.0 3.2 3.3 2.1 1.7 

12 .............. 1.45 1.5 ............ ............. .. ........... . ......... 1.0. 3.1 3.0 3.2 2.05 1.55 

13 .............. 1.45 1.5 ........... ............. ............ .. .......... 1.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.0 14 .............. 1.45 1.5 ............ "Too --·:7" 1.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 

15 •.•.........•. 1.45 1.45 .8 .90 1.2 3.3 3.2 3.0 "i'ii" 1.6 

16 .............. 1.4 1.45 ........... ......... ........... .. ........... 1.2 3.4 3.4 3.0 

17 •...........•. 1.4 1.4 ........... ............ .. .......... .. .......... 1.3 3.5 3.5 8.0 --~:o-- "T6" 

18 •...........•. 1.4 1.85 ............. .85 1.3 3.7 2.9 2.0 1.55 

19 .............. 1.45 1.85 .75 ............. .95 1. 4 3 .. 8 '"2:8' 2.0 1.6 

20 .............. 1.45 1.85 0.9 ........... ............ .. ........... 1.6 3.7 3.8 2.1 

21 .............. 1.5 1.4 .9 .85 ............ 1. 7 3.9 3.8 2.6 2.05 1. 75 22 .............. 1.45 1.3 .85 ....... ~ 1. 7 3.8 3.7 2.6 2.05 23 .............. 1.45 1.3 .85 .75 ······- .95 1.9 3.8 3.6 2.6 2.0 1.85 24 .............. 1.45 1.3 .85 ........ -······ 2.0 3.8 2.6 2.05 1.9 

25 .............. 1.45 1.3 .8 .9 --·-··· 2.0 3 .. 7 3.2 2.4 2.0 

26 .... c ......... 1.45 1.3 .8 "":75' ........... --·:95' 2.0 3.8 3.1 "'2:4' 2.0 

27 .............. 1.45 1.3 .8 2.1 3.9 3.2 2.0 

28 •••••••••••••• 1.5 1.3 .75 .9 ............. 2.3 3.7 '"3:i" 2.4 1.9 2.1 

29 .............. 1.5 1.3 .75 ........... ............ ............ 2.3 3.6 2.3 1.9 2.05 

30 •••••••••••••• 1.5 1.3 .7 .7 .......... ·":95· 2.4 3.4 3.0 2.2 'Tii" 2.0 

31 .............. 1.45 .7 ........ ......... ........ 3.5 2.3 ............. 

NOTE.-Discharge relation probably not materially affected by Ice during the year. 
liUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 21 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ••••...••.•.. 232 218 ....... 62 64 90 108 590 1,280 995 540 367 2 .............. 232 218 ....... 64 67 90 108 590 1,360 995 540 349 3 .............. 218 232 ....... 67 67 90 108 645 1,520 995 540 314 4 .............. 232 232 ------- 62 67 90 108 755 1,680 1,030 540 331 5 .............. 232 232 ------- 57 67 90 108 875 1,680 1,060 490 314 

6 .............. 232 232 ....... 52 67 90 108 935 1, 760 1,060 515 296 7 ••.••......•.. 232 232 ···-··· 48 67 90 108 935 1,680 1,200 490 296 8 •..••..•...••. 218 232 -----·- 50 67 90 108 935 1,520 1,130 490 296 9 .••.•....•...• 232 232 ------- 52 67 90 108 875 1,360 1,200 445 296 10 •...•......... 232 232 -----·- 53 67 90 108 935 1,130 1,060 405 280 

11 ••.•........•. 218 232 ....... 54 67 90 108 935 1,060 1,130 445 296 12 ••.••.......•. 218 232 ........ 55 69 90 108 995 935 1,060 425 248 13 ••.•.......... 218 232 ···-··- 56 71 90 128 1,060 995 1,060 405 248 14 .............. 218 232 ·------ 58 72 90 128 1,060 1,060 1,060 40.1 248 15 ••..•......... 218 218 ···-··- 60 74 90 151 1,130 1,060 935 405 263 

16 .............• 203 218 ....... 62 74 92 151 1,200 1,200 935 405 263 17 .•..........•. 203 203 ···-·-- 64 82 94 176 1,280 1,280 935 40.5 263 18 ••.•...•.•.... 203 190 ....... 66 82 96 176 1,440 1,360 875 405 248 19 .•..•...•..•.. 218 190 ......... 67 82 99 203 1,520 1, 440 845 405 263 20 •••..•...••..• 218 190 90 67 82 99 263 1,440 1,520 815 445 288 

21. •••......•..• 232 203 90 67 82 99 296 1,600 1,520 700 425 314 22 •..........•.. 218 176 82 67 84 99 296 1,520 1,440 700 425 332 23 •.•...•......• 218 176 82 67 86 99 367 1,520 1,360 700 405 349 24 •.•.•.•......• 218 176 82 67 88 99 405 1,520 1, 210 700 425 367 25 .•.....•...•.. 218 176 74 67 90 99 405 1, 440 1,060 590 405 387 

26 ••..........•. 218 176 74 67 90 99 405 1,520 995 590 405 406 27 .............. 218 176 74 67 90 99 445 1,600 1,060 590 405 425 28 ...•.......... 232 176 67 67 90 99 540 1, 440 1,030 590 367 445 29 .............. 232 176 67 60 -----·- 99 540 1,360 995 540 367 425 30 ...•.....•.... 232 176 60 60 ------- 99 590 1,200 93.> 490 367 405 31. .•••••....•.• 218 ·····-- 60 62 -······ 99 ------- 1,280 --·---· 540 367 ....... 

NOTE.-Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge interpolated for days for which gage heights are missing. Discharge1 Dec. 1-19, 1913, estimated by comparison with St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek at 140 second-teet. 

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 177 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. 

October. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 203 

November.................. 232 176 December ......................................... . January. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 48 

~~~h~~~::::::::::::::::::: gg ~ A Jlril. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 108 May........................ 1,600 590 

~:f;.-.-:::::::::::::::::::::: U88 ~;:;; August.............. . . . . . . . 540 367 September.................. 445 248 

The year ............ . 1, 760 ... : ....••.. 

Mean. 

222 

207 

115 

61.1 

75.8 

94.2 

232 

1,170 

1,280 

874 

436 

321 

426 

Per 

square 

mile. 

1.25 

1.17 

.650 

.345 

.428 

.532 

1. 31 

6.61 

7.23 

4.94 

2.46 

1. 81 

2.41 

Run-off. 

g~~~~~~ Accu. 

Total in racy. 

drainage acre-feet. area. 

1.44 13,700 A. 1.30 12,300 A. • 75 7,070 c. .40 3, 760 c. .45 4,210 c. .61 5, 790 c. 1. 46 13,800 A. 7.62 71,900 A. 8.07 76,200 A. 5. 70 53,700 A. 2.84 26,800 A. 2.02 19,100 A. 

32.66 308,000 
22 SURFACE WA1'ER SUf>PLY, 1914, PAR1' V. 

ST. MARY RIVER BELOW SWIFTCURRENT CREEK, AT BABB1 MONT. 

Location.-At Babb, Mont., about 1 mile below mouth of Swiftcurrent Creek. 

Records available.-July 14, 1901, to October 18, 1902, and May 13, 1910, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-298 square miles. 

Gage.-Overhanging chain gage on right bank. 

Channel and control.-Likely to change. A small overflow channel from Swiftcurrent Creek enters on left bank about 100 feet below gage. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from a cable, 50 feet above gage. Low-water 

measurements made by wading. The overflow from Swiftcurrent Creek is measured from a footbridge. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Discharge relation slightly affected by ice during winter. 

Floods.-Probably the highest stage was reached June 5, 1908. No records of this 

flood were obtained at this point. 

Accuracy.-Records fair. 

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River below Swifteurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. . 

Date. 

Oct. 24 ....................... . Dec.19 ...................... .. May22 ....................... . 

[Made by W. A. Lamb.) 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 4.38 

3.91 

6.98 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 299 

124 2,220 

Date. 

June20 ...................... . July2L .................... .. Sept.9 ...................... , 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 6. 79 

5.56 

4.57 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 

2,260 

1,230 

454 

N OTE.-These measurements do not include the overflow from Swiftcurrent Creek. 

Daily gllge height, in feet, of St. Mary River below Swifteurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Frank Woolf, observer.) 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

----------· -- --------

1. ............. 4.35 4.5 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.95 4.0 5.45 6. 45 ····--· ··-···· ·-----· 2 .............. 4.3 4.5 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.95 4.0 ....... 6.5 -······ ------- ------- 3 .............. 4.2 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.95 4.0 ·····-· 6.5 ------· ---·-·· ------- 4 .............. 4.2 4.5 4.2 3. 75 3.95 .. , ..... 4.0 . ...... 6.65 ....... . ...... ------- 5 .............. 4.25 4.5 4.2 3.75 3.95 ....... 4.0 ·····-· 6. 7 ......... ......... ······· 6 .............. 4.3 4.5 4.2 3. 75 3.95· --·-··- 4.0 ···-··- 6.8 ........ ........ ............ 7 .............. 4-3 4.5 4.2 3. 75 3.95 3.95 4.1 ............ 6. 7 ......... .......... ............ 8 .............. 4.3 4.5 4.35 3.8 3.95 3.95 4.1 6.0 ........... ......... .......... ......... 9 ... , .......... 4.3 4.5 4.2 3.8 3.95 3.95 4.15 6.1 ···.···· . . . .. ~ .... ............ ......... 10 •.•.... ··•··•· 4.3 4.5 4.2 3.85 3.95 3.95 4.15 6.3 ......... ........... ........... .......... 

11 .............. 4.3 4.4 4.2 3.85 3.95 3.95 4.1 6.2 .......... .......... .......... ............ 12 .............. 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.85 3.95 3.95 4.1 6.4 .......... ........ ......... ............ 13 .............. 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.95 3.95 4.3 6.3 ........ ......... ......... ........... 14 .............. 4.3 4.3 4.4 3.9 3.95 3.95 4.4 6.4 ··-···· ......... ........ ....... 15 .............. 4.3 4.3 4.4 3.9 3.95 3.95 4.4 6.3 ........ ............ ........... ............ 16 .............. 4.3 4.3 3.5 3.9 3.95 3.95 4.55 6.5 ........ ......... ......... ......... 17 .............. 4.3 4.3 3. 7 3.9 3.95 3.95 4. 7 6.8 6.6 . ·-· ..... 4.65 18 .............. 4.3 4.3 3.9 3. 9 3.95 3.95 4:8 6.8 6. 7 ........ 4. 75 """4."55 

19 .............. 4.3 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.95 3.95 4.8 6.9 6:7 ........ 4-95 4.55 20 .............. 4.35 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.95 3.95 4.8 6.8 6.8 ......... 4.95 4.65 

21. ............. 4.35 4.3 3.9 3.9 3. 9 3.95 5.0 6.9 6.7 5.5 ........... 4.7 22 .............. 4. 35 4.25 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.95 5.2 6. 7 ........... 5.5 . ....... 4.9 23 .............. 4.3 4.3 3.8 3. 9 3.9 4.0 5. 4 6. 7 ........... 5.3 ......... 4. 95 24 .............. 4.3 4.3 3. 8 3.95 3.9 4.0 5. 45 6. 75 ....... 5.3 ....... 4.95 25 .............. 4.3 4.3 3. 8 3.95 3.9 4.1 5.45 6. 75 ......... 5.3 .......... 4.95 

26 .............. 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.95 3.9 4.1 5.45 6. 75 ........... 5.3 . ....... 4.95 27 .............. 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.95 3.9 3.95 5. 4 6.65 ......... 5.3 . ....... 4.85 28 ......... · ..... 4.45 4.3 3.8 3. 95 3.9 3.95 5.4 6.6 ......... 5.2 . ....... 4.95 

29 .............. 4.4 4.3 ......... 3.95 ······· 4.0 5.4 6.5 ........ 5.2 ······· 4.95 30 .............. 4.4 4-3 .......... 3.95 ........ 4.0 5.4 6.5 ....... 5.2 ....... 4.95 31. ............. 4.5 ........ ........ 3.95 ....... 4.0 ........ 6.4 ........ 5.2 ........... ......... 

NOTE.-Disehargerelation affected by ice Jan. 1 to Feb.28. No reliable gage-height records were obtained June 22 to July 20, on account of disturbance of gage by high water. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 23 

Daily diKcharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. I Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

1. ... ________ ,_ 280 345 260 --·----1---·--- 132 150 952 1,880 1,460 760 530 

2-------------- 260 345 260 ....... ------- 132 150 1,200 1,940 1,420 750 510 

3-------------- 220 345 220 ::::::r::::: 132 150 1, 700 1, 940 1,450 740 490 4 ______________ 220 345 220 132 150 1,660 2,110 1,500 735 480 5 ______________ 240 345 220 ::::::t::::: 132 150 1, 460 2,160 1,600 730 470 

6-------------- 260 345 220 132 150 1,370 2,280 1,690 720 460 

1-------------- 260 345 220 :::::::1::::::: 132 18.5 1,360 2,160 1, 740 710 460 

8-------------- 260 345 280 132 185 1,420 1,950 1,640 700 460 

g_•------------ 260 345 220 -------~------- 132 202 1,520 1, 770 1,640 670 460 lQ ______________ 260 345 220 -······ ------- 132 202 1, 720 1,620 1,640 630 440 11. _____________ 260 300 220 ------- ....... 132 185 1, 620 1,500 1,550 590 430 12 _______ ------- 260 260 220 ....... ------- 132 185 1,830 1, 570 1, 450 560 420 

13.------------- 260 260 220 ······· ······· 132 260 1, 720 1,700 1,460 520 380 14 ___ ----------- 260 260 300 ------- ------· 132 300 1,830 1, 900 1, 370 470 370 15 _______ ------- 260 260 300 ------· ------- 132 300 1, 720 2,130 1,370 470 370 

16 ____ ---------- 260 260 30 ---·--- ------- 132 370 1,940 2,130 1,280 460 370 17 _____ --- ------ 260 260 70 ------- ....... 132 450 2,280 2,130 1,280 502 380 

18-------------- 260 260 115 ------· 132 505 2,280 2,240 1,280 568 440 

19 ___ ----------- 260 260 115 ------- ------· 132 505 ~;igz 2,240 1,200 705 440 20 ______________ 280 260; 115 ------- ------- 132 505 2,340 1,120 705 50 2 2L _____________ 280 260 115 ----··· ------- 132 630 2,400 2,240 1,120 700 535 

22-------------- 280 240 115 ------- ------- 132 770 2,160 2,030 1,120 700 670 23 ______________ 260 260 90 ------- ------- 150 915 2,160 1,840 965 695 705 24 ______________ 260 260 90 ------- ------- 150 952 2,220 1, 740 965 690 705 

25-------------- 260 260 90 ....... ------- 185 952 2,220 1, 740 965 670 705 26 ______________ 300 260 I 90 ------- ···---- 185 952 2,220 1,640 965 640 705 

27.------------- 300 260' 90 -----·- ------- 132 915 2,110 1,550 965 620 635 

28-------------- 322 260 90 ------· ....... 132 915 2,050 1,550 890 600 705 29 ______________ 300 260 I 90 -----·- ----- ~- 150 915 1, 940 1,460 890 580 705 

30-------------- 300 260 I 90 ------- ------- 150 915 1,940 1,460 890 560 705 31. _____________ 345 ------- 90 ....... ------- 150 ------- 1,830 ------· 890 540 ------· 

NOTE.-Daily discharge determined from two fairly well defined rating curves applicable Oct. 1 to June 15 and June 16 to Sept. 30. Daily discharge May 2-7, June 8-16J June 22 to July 20, Aug. 1-16, and 

Aug. 21 to Sept. 17, estimated !tom flow of St. Mary River near Babo and Kimball. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek overflow at Babb, Mont. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

_1 _____ -D---~Y-_·----------I-0-:-~~ -~~~:~ -~~~:-~-~~~:-'-~~~:- -~~:-~-~~-r:_ M:~~ Ju:: I Ju:~~ A:.g~ Sep~-2 2.------------- 4. 7 ------- ------- ------- ------- ---- .. - ------- 5. 3 5. 5 5. 3 4. 5 4. 1 3-------------- 4.7 --------------------- ------- -------------- 5.4 5.6 5.3 4.4 4.1 4----- -- -- --- -- 4. 7 ------- 1--- .. -- ------- -- ----- -- ----- ------- . 5. 5 5. 6 5. 3 4. 4 4. 1 5.------------- 4. 7 ------- ,_------ --.---- ------- ------- ------- 5. 5 5. 6 5. 4 4. 4 4.1 

6______________ 4.7 ---------------------------- -------------- 5.5 5.6 5.4 4.4 4.1 7______________ 4.8 ------- ·------- ------- ------- ------- -·----- 5.4 5.6 5.4 4.3 4.1 8-------------- 4.8 ------- , _______ -------------- -------------- 5.3 56 5.4 4.2 4.2 

9.------------- 4. 8 ------- ------- --.---- ------- ------- • ------ 5. 3 5. 6 5. 4 . 4. 1 4. 3 10.------------- 4. 8 ------- ,_------ ------- ------- ------- ------- 5. 3 5. 7 5. 4 4.1 4. 4 

11.------------- 4. 8 ------- ------- ------- ------ _,_-- ---- ------- 4.1 4. 5 

12.------ ------- 4. 6 -- ----- --- ---- ------- --- -- -- -- ----- ------- 4. 1 4. 5 13 .. ------------ 4. 7 ------- ,_------ ------- ------- ------- ------- 4.1 4.5 14______________ 4.8 ------------------------------------------ 4.2 4.5 

iL~>>~~~ i~ ~~~> ~~<~ ~<~~ ~~~~~~: <J:::;;~: ii H 

19______________ 4.7 ----------------------------------- 4.9 4.7 4.7 

20.------------- 4. 8 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 5. 0 4. 7 4. 7 

21______________ 4.8 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 5.4 4. 7 4.8 22______________ 4.8 ------- ------- ------- -------------- 5.5 4.8 4.9 

23-------------- 4.8 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 5.5 4.8 4.9 24______________ 4.8 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 5.5 4.8 5.0 

25-------------- 4.8 -------------- ------- ------- ------- 5.5 4.9 5.0 

26.------------ - 4. 9 ------- ------- --- -- -- - ----- - ------- 5. 5 4. 9 5. 0 27 ______________ 4.9 55 4.8 5.1 

~:::::::::::::: g ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1:::::::1 ~:~ g ~:g ~L:::::::::::: g ::::::: :::::::1::::::: :::::::::::::: ---~:~- g s.o 
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Daily disCharge, in seoonil-jeet, of Swijtcurrent Creek overflow at Babb, Mont. ,for the year 

ending Sept. 90, 1914. 

Day. 

1. •..•....••... 

2 ..•.•.•...•.•. 

3 ............. . 4 •••••••••••••• 

5 ............•. 

6.: ........... . 7 •••••••••••••• 

8 •.•......•.... 

9 ••••••• : •••••• 10 •.••• : ....•... 

11 ....•.......•. 

12 •....•.•.•..•. 

13 •••... · •..•..•. 14 ••••........•. 

15 ..•.•.••....•. 

16 •••.........•. 

17 •••.•.•....... 

18 •••..•••...... 

19 •.•........... 

20 ••••..•.•..... 

21 •••.••••...••• 

22 ••.••••.•.•••• 

23 .•.•.••••••••• 

24 ..•••.•.•.•••• 

25 .•.•..•.•.•••• 

26 •••••••••••••• 

27 ......•.•..••• 

28 ............•• 

29 •••••••.•••••• 

30 ..••.••.....•• 

31. ...••.....••• 

Oct. 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

8.0 

8.0 

8.0 

8.0 

8.0 

4.4 

6.0 

8.0 

10 

8.0 

4.4 

4.4 

6.0 

8.0 

8.0 

8.0 

8.0 

8.0 

8.0 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

Nov. Dec. Jan. 

------ ......... ........ ............ ......... ........... ............ ............. ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ......... ............ ............. 

........... .......... ------- ........... ........... .. ........... ............ ............ ............ ......... ........... ............ .......... .......... ............. 

.............. ............ ............ ........ ......... . ...... .......... ........... ···---- ........ ........ ··-···· ........ ........ . .......... 

............ ......... .......... ........ ......... ........ ............ ......... ------- ............ ........ ------- .......... ........ ·····--

......... .......... ------- -······ ........ ....... ......... ····--- ·····-- ......... ·····-· -······ .......... ......... ........ 

···-··· ····-·· ------- ........ ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ........... ------- ······· ............ ........ ........ ............ .......... 

Feb. I Mar. Apr. 

------ ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ............ ............ ............. ............. .. -~ ........ ............ ------- ............. ............ ............ 

----··· ···---- .......... ............ ·····-- ------- ........... . ......... ------- ............ ........... ............ ------- ............. 

............ ------- ···-··· ........ ···-··· ------- ....... ------· ------- ·····-- -·-···· ···-··· ......... . ......... ------- ···-··· . ........ ------- -·----- 10 

------· ........ 10 

------- ···-··· 10 

------- ........ 14 

. ....... . ......... as ....... ........ 42 

·····-· ···-··· 42 

······- ------- 42 ....... ......... 42 

....... ........ 42 ....... .......... 42 ........ ......... 42 .......... ....... 35 

······- .......... 28 

------- ........ 

NoTE.-Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curte. 

:May. ·June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------- 28 42 22 4.4 0.8 

28 42 28 3.2 .4 

35 50 28 2.2 .4 42 50 28 2.2 .4 42 50 35 2.2 .4 

42 50 35 2.2 ..4 

35 50 35 1.4 .4 

28 50 35 .8 •. s 

28 50 35 .4 1.4 

28 58 35 .4 2.2 

28 58 42 .4 3.2 

28 58 35 .4 3.2 22 58 35 .4 3.2 22 58 35 .8 3.2 

22 58 28 1.4 3.2 

35 50 28 2.2 3.2 

58 50 28 3.2 4.4 66 58 22 4.4 4.4 66 58 22 6.0 6.0 66 58 22 6.0 6.0 

74 58 18 6.0 8.0 66 58 18 8.0 10 66 58 14 8.0 10 66 66 10 8.0 14 66 66 10 10 14 

66 58 10 10 14 74 42 10 8.0 18 

74 28 8.0 3.2 14 74 22 8.0 .8 14 50 22 6.0 .8 14 42 4.4 .8 

Combined daily discharge, in secondfeet, of St. Mary River and Swiftcurrent Creek over- flow at Babb, Mont. ,for the year ending Sept. 90, 1914; · 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. :May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1.. ············ 286 345 260 ........... ........... 132 150 980 1,920 ~'Wl 764 531 2 ...•..•.....•. 286 345 260 ............ ........... 132 150 1,230 1,980 753 510 3 ............•. 226 345 220 -······ ......... 132 150 1, 740 1,990 1' 490 742 490 4 ••..•..•....•. 226 345 220 ......... .......... 132 150 1, 700 2,160 1'530 737 480 

5 .•...•....••.. 246 345 220 ......... ........ 132 150 1,500 2,210 1;640 732 470 

6 •............. 266 345 220 ......... -··---- 132 150 1,410 2,330 1,720 722 460 7 ••.•.......... 268 345 220 ........ ·····-- 132 185 1,400 2,210 1, 780· 711 460 

8 ...•.......... 268 345 280 -······ ··-···· 132 185 ~'~ 2,000 1,680 701 461 

9 .•....••...... 266 345 220 ........... ------- 132 202 1,820 1,680 670 461 

10 •••........... 268 345 220 ........ -----·· 132 202 1:750 1,680 1,680 630 442 

11 ...•••...... ,. 268 300 220 ......... ------- 132 185 

~'= 1,560 1,590 590 433 12 .....•...•.•.. 264 260 220 ------- ....... 132 185 1,630 1,500 560 423 

13 ....•.•....... 266 260 220 .......... ------- 132 260 1:740 1,760 1,500 520 383 14 .............. 268 260 300 ........ ........ 132 300 1 850 ~,:g 1,400 471 373 

15 •...•.•....... 270 260 300 ····-·· ......... 132 300 1;740 ' 1,400 471 373 

16 ••............ 268 260 30 ......... .......... 132 370 1,980· 2,180 1,310 462 373 

17 •••••...•..••. 264 260 70 ---·-·· 132 460 2,340 2,180 1,310 508 384 

18 .•••..•....... 264 260 115• ------· 132 515 2,350 2,300 1,300 572 444 19.: •.•.•.••..•. 266 260 115 ......... ........ 132 515 2,470 2,300 1,·220 711 446 

20., ....•.•..•.. 288 260 115 ......... ......... 132 519 2,350 2,400 1,140 711 508 

21. •..........•• 288 260 115 ······· -·····- 132 685 2,470 2,300 1140 706 643 

22 ........•..•.. 288 240 115 ........ ---·-·· 132 812 2,230 2,090 1:140 708 680 23 ••.•.•.•....•• 268 260 90 ........ -······ 150 957 2,230 1 900 979 703 715 24 ...•.•.•• : •.•• 268 260 90 ........ ........ 150 994 2,290 1;810 975 698 719 

25.: ..•..•••..•. 862 260 90 ........ ··-···· 185 994 2,290 1,810 975 680 719 

26 ••.••••••••••• 310 260 90 ........... .......... 185 994 2290 1,700 975 650 719 

27 •••••..•..•.•• 310 260 90 ........... .......... 132 957 2'180 1,590 975 628 653 

28 .•••••••.•.•.. 332 260 90 ........ , ... ......... 132 957 2'120 1,680 898 603 719 29 •••••••••••••• 310 260 90 ............ ......... 150 950 2:010 1,480 898 581 719 

30 ...•••.••••.•• 310 260 90 ............. ............. 150 943 ~':J 1,480 896 561 719 

31 ••••••••• ' ••.•. 355 ............ 90 ......... .......... 150 .......... ' .......... 894 541 .. ........ 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 25 

Combined monthly discharge of St. Mary River and Swiftcurrent Creek overflow at Babb, 

Mont. ,for the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 298 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-otl'. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

October .. _ ... ____________ .. 355 226 '1:77 November ___ ..... --····- __ . 345 240 289 December __ ........ ···----. 300 30 164 

January ..... __ -······-·---- ............ ·-·····----- 90 February ..... ___ ........... ............ ............ 110 

March .... ·····--··· .... --·· 185 132 138 

April..--.- ... -.. ----.-- ... - 994 150 484 May .......•................ 2,470 980 1,900 

June ............ ------··--· 2,400 1,480 1,950 

JnlY-·-··--------···-·--···- 1, 780 894 1,310 

August .... ----· ... -.- ..... - 764 462 639 September ...... __ ._ ... ____ 718 373 527 

The year .. _··-- ...... 2,470 ............. 659 

NoTE.-Diilcharge for January and February estimated. 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0. 930 

. 970 

.550 

.302 

.369 

• 463 1. 62 6.38 

6.54 

4. 40 2.14 

1. 77 

2. 21 

pepth in 

mcbes on drainage 

area. 

1. 07 1.08 

.63 

.35 

.38 

.53 

1.81 

7.36 

7.30 

5.07 

2.47 

1.98 

30.03 

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR KIMBALL, ALBERTA. 

AccuTotal in racy. 

acre-feet. 

17,000 B. 

17,200 B. 

10,100 B. 

5,530 D. 

6,110 D. 

8,480 c. 28 800 B. 

m;ooo B. 

116,000 B. 

80,600 B. 

39,300 B. 

31,400 B, 

478,000 

Location.-In the SW. t sec. 25, T. 1 N., R. 25 W. fourth meridian, about 1 mile 

above the Alberta Railway & Irrigation Co.'s dam and headgate, about 1 mile 

southwest of Kimball, and about 5 miles north of the Canadian boundary line; 

about 3,000 feet above station maintained by Irrigation Branch, Department of 

the Interior, Canada; previous to January 1, 1913, at Cook's ranch/ about 5 

miles above present site. 

Records available.--January 1 to September 30, 1913, at present location; September 4, 1902, to December 31, 1912, at Cook's ranch; 1905 to 1912, at station maintained by Irrigation Branch, Department of the Interior, Canada. 

Drainage area.-472 square miles at present site; 452 square miles at Cook's ranch. 

Gage.-Friez water-stage register. Staff gage used to obtain winter records at the 

Canadian station. 

Channel and control.-Shifting. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from a cable about 3,000 feet downstream or by 

wading. 

Winter fiow.-Affected by ice. 

Regulation and diversions.-No diversions or regulation above gage. 

Accuracy.-Estimates of flow reliable. 

Cooperation.-Station maintained jointly with the Irrigation Office, Department 

of the Interior, Canada, during 1913. 

1 Station known as St. Mary River near Cardston. 
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914-. 

Date. Made by- G~e Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Disheig t. charge. height. charge. 

------------------ ------

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. S<e.·/1. 

Oct. 9 L. Danielson a • •••••••• 2.25 408 Apr. 20 0. H. Hoover« ........ 3.00 910 I4 ..... do ................. 2.27 553 May I3 ..... do ................. 4.IO I,952 24 W.A.Lamb ........... 2.26 382 23 W.A.Lamb ........... 4.53 2,5IO 

Nov. I3 L. Danielson a • ••...... 2.06 344 June 2 0.· H. Hoover a ......•.. 4.63 2, 7I8 26 J. E. Degnan ........... 2.04 351 21 W.A.Lamb ........... 4.53 2,440. 

Dec. 5 . .... do ................. 1.86 244 23 0. H. Hoover a ••••.••• 4.19 2,049 16 W. A. Burtona ........ .30 205 July 15 ..... do ................. 3. 77 I,591 30 J. E. Degnan a_ .•...... .29 88 21 W. A. LamtJ ........... 3.40 1,190 

Jan 12 ..... do •................ 3.61 214 Aug. 11 0. H. HOO\ era .•...... 2. 71 654 

23 ....• do ................. 3.20 82 Sept. 2 . .... do ................. 2.56 588 

Feb. 11 ...•• do ................. 5.40 96 5 ..... do ................. 2.49 529 26 ..... do ................. 5.50 119 10 W.A.Lamb ........... 2.46 477 Mar. 13 W. A. Burton a •.••.•.. 5.11 229 18 0. H. Hoover a •••..•.. 2.36 470 25 0. H. Hoovera ........ 4.34 100 22 . .... do ................. 2. 97 80:1 Apr. 7 . .... do ................. 2.59 295 

a Canadian engineer. 

NOTE.-Gage heights of discharge measurements De~. 16, 1913, to Apr. 7, 1914, refer to staff gage. See 

"gage" in station description. 

NoTE.-Daily gage heights Jan. I to Apr. I when discharge relation was affected by ice, read on staff 

gage. See "gage" i_n station description. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ...........•. 2.18 2.28 1. 72 2.29 3.99 3.28 4.38 3.86 2.97 2.64 2 .............. 2.17 2.28 1. 98 2.30 3.62 5.25 3.94 3. 73 4.59 3.85 2.94 2.57 3 ..•........... 2.16 2.24 2.02 2.35 3.42 5.25 3.94 4.20 4.88 3.89 2.94 2.52 4 •••••••••••••. 2.24 2.27 1.96 ....... ....... 5.20 3. 84 4.10 5.00 3.92 2.96 2.50 5 .•••.•........ 2.24 2.23 1. 86 2. 70 5.42' 5.20 3.84 3.93 4.98 4.02 2.93 2.47 

6 •••.......•... 2.25 2.21 1. 84 2. 75 5. 42 5.20 2.94 3.85 4.88 4.11 2.92 2. 46 7 ••............ 2.25 2.19 1. 84 2.85 5. 47 5.18 2.64 3. 84 4. 70 4.12 2.94 2.47 8 ••.•.......... 2.26 2.27 1. 83 2.82 ....... ....... 2.59 3. 86 4. 48 4.06 2.88 2. 45 9 .•.........•.. 2.26 2.23 1.82 2.85 ····-·· ·------ 2.59 3.88 4.30 4.03 2.82 2.44 10 ..•...•....... 2.24 2.23 1.85 3.00 -·----- 5.15 2.59 4.10 4.08 4.00 2. 78 2.42 

11 ........•..... 2.30 2.23 1. 79 3.30 5.40 5.15 2.54 4.17 3.95 3.97 2.68 2.39 12 .............. 2. 48 2.25 1. 72 3. 70 5. 40 5.15 2.18 4.09 3.92 3.92 2.67 2.37 13 .............. 2.56 2.13 1. 77 3.40 5. 40 5.12 2.33 4.10 4.25 3.87 2.64 2.34 14 .............. 2.61 2.15 1. 76 3.25 5. 40 5.11 2. 47 4.17 4.50 3.87 2.61 2.31 15 .............. 2.58 2.17 1. 69 3.25 ··----· 5.11 2.55 4.31 4. 45 3.81 2.57 2.27 

16 .............. 2.55 2.23 ······· 3.25 5.50 5.10 2.68 4.50 4.38 3. 72 2.53 2.3I 17 .............. 2. 49 2.23 ....... 3.25 5.60 5.05 2.68 4.67 4.42 3.62 2. 74 2.36 18 .............. 2. 48 2.23 ··-···· ....... 5.60 5.05 2.63 4. 73 4.51 3.58 2.97 2.36 

19 .............. 2. 45 2.22 ....... 3.30 5.85 5.00 2. 76 4. 75 4.60 3.46 2.98 2.48 20 ...•.......... 2. 43 2.21 --·-··· 3.25 5.90 5.00 3.00 4. 78 4.62 3.43 2.94 2.68 

21. ............. 2.36 2.17 ······· 3.25 ....... 5.00 3.I2 4. 76 4.55 3.42 2.87 2.89 22 .............. 2.36 2.13 ···-··· ....... ....... ···-··- 3.10 4.65 4. 48 3.35 2.84 2.95 23 .............. 2. 35 2.21 ···--·- 3.20 6.00 ··----- 3.15 4. 58 4.21 3.24 2. 85 2.92 24 .............. 2.28 2.14 ....... 3.40 5.50 . ...... 3.23 4.60 4.05 3.18 2.90 2.91 25 .............. 2.31 2.09 ------- ------- 5.45 4.34 3.23 4. 77 3.98 3.13 2.86 2.82 

26 .............. 2.36 2.04 ....... ··----· 5.50 ....... 3. 28 4. 78 3.97 3.07 2.82 2.80 27 .............. 2.36 2.04 ---···· 3.55 5.40 ....... 3.28 4.62 3.95 3.02 2. 75 2.90 28 .............. 2.35 1. 91 -·····- 3.55 5.35 ........ 3. 32 4.53 3.94 3.00 2. 72 2.86 29 .............. 2. 31 1.89 ---·-·· ....... ....... 3. 85 3.28 4.43 3.92 3.00 2.68 2.82 30 .............. 2.31 2.08 ------- 3.60 ······- 3.95 3.26 4.29 3.91 3.00 2.65 2.80 31. ............. 2.25 ···--·- -······ 3.65 ........ 3.95 ....... 4.28 ....... 2.98 2.64 -------
HUDSON" BAY ])RAINAGE Aft:EA IN' 'rlUl UNITElJ STATES. 27 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. I ----------------------

1. ............. 372 416 207 85 81 128 265 1,092 2,314 1,686 832 609 

2 .••••..•••...• 368 416 298 94 78 139 275 1,543 2,587 1,675 810 567 3 .•...•..••.•.. 364 398 312 103 73 148 288 2,085 2,899 1, 719 810 537 4 ••.•••..••.••• 398 412 291 114 71 157 312 1, 96S 3,120 1, 753 825 525 5 ••••••.••••••. 398 394 256 123 70 168 290 1, 764 3,094 1,869 802 510 

6 .•.••••••.•••• 402 384 249 135 73 177 265 1, 675 2,964 1,977 795 505 7 .•...••.•••••• 402 376 249 146 78 186 295 1,664 2, 730 1,989 810 510 8 ....•...•..•.• 407 412 246 159 82 197 320 1, 686 2,444 1, 917 766 500 9 ...•........•. 407 394 242 172 87 207 343 1, 708 2,210 1,881 724 495 10 ...•..••...... 398 394 252 183 90 215 362 1, 965 1, 941 1,845 697 485 

11 .••...••••.•.• 425 394 232 198 96 222 364 2,049 1, 788 1,810 633 470 12 .....•.•••••.. 510 402 207 215 97 226 366 1, 953 1, 753 1, 753 627 460 13 ..•..•.•.•.•.. 550 352 224 195 98 229 440 1, 965 2,148 1,697 609 445 14 .•....••.•.•.. 576 360 221 182 98 230 510 2,049 2,470 1,697 591 430 15 .•...•.••••••. 560 368 197 175 100 228 555 2,223 2,405 1, 631 567 410 

16 .•.•...•.•.• ,. 545 394 205 165 105 220 633 2,470 2,314 1,532 543 430 17 •..•.•.....••. 515 394 220 156 111 205 633 2,691 2,366 1,426 671 455 18 ....•......••. 510 394 227 143 118 190 603 2, 769 2,483 1,385 832 455 19 ...••..•....•• 495 389 205 138 122 190 684 2, 795 2,600 1,265 840 515 20 ...•.•.••.•... 485 384 190 128 127 182 855 2,834 2,626 1,235 810 633 

21. ............. 452 368 172 115 130 178 952 2,808 2,535 1,225 759 773 22 ......•....... 452 352 151 97 127 185 935 2,665 2,444 1,158 738 818 23 ...........•.. 448 384 122 82 122 189 978 2,574 2,098 1,056 745 795 24.· ..•.•....••.. 416 356 100 81 119 160 1,047 2,600 1, 905 1,003 780 788 25 .....•...•.•.• 430 336 96 85 117 100 1,047 2, 821 1,822 960 752 724. . 26 .............. 452 319 93 85 119 98 1,092 2,834 1,810 911 724 710 27 .............. 452 319 92 78 120 102 1,092 2,626 1, 788 871 678 780 28 .............. 448 274 91 

~ !:::~~~:. 170 1,129 2,509 1, 776 855 658 752 29 .............. 430 266 90 202 1,092 2,379 1, 753 855 633 724 30 .............. 430 333 87 222 1,074 2,198 1, 742 855 615 710 31. ............. 402 ------- 78 84 ....... 248 ------- 2,185 ---··-- 840 609 ....... 

NoTE.-Daily discharge determined from two well-defined rating c'llrves applicable Oct. 1 to Dec. 15 and Apr. 12 to Sept.30. Daily discharge Dec. 16 toApr.11 estimated from dischargeme&'lurements, gage. heights, temperature records, and comparison with other stations. 

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta,jor the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Drainage area, 472 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

~~h~~: Run-off Month. Per drainage (total in 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square area. acre-feet). 

mile. 

October •....•......•..•.....•.••.. 576 364 448 0.949 1.09 27,546 

November ........................ 416 266 371 • 786 .88 22,076 December •.....•••.•••••...••••••• 312 78 190 .403 .46 11,683 

January ........................... 215 77 128 .271 • 31 7,870 

February •.•••..••.••.••.•.••.•.•. 130 70 101 .214 .22 5,609 March .•••.•..•.•.•.••.•.••..••.••• 248 98 184 .390 .45 11,314 

ApriL ••..•.•.••.••.•.••••••••.•.•• 1,129 265 637 1. 350 1.51 37,904 

May ............................... 2,834 1, 092 2,230 4. 725 5.45 137,120 June .............................. 3,120 1, 742 2,331 4.939 5.51 138,700 

July .............................. 1,989 840 1,430 3.030 3.49 87,927 

August ............................ 840 543 719 1.523 1. 76 44,210 

September ........................ 818 410 584 1.237 1.38 34,750 

The year .•..•..•.•.......... 3,120 70 783 1. 659 22.51 567,000 
28 StmFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

SWIFTCURRENT CREEK:' A'r McDER:M:O'l''t LAKE, MO~T, 

Location.-In sec. 12, T. 35 N., R. 16 W., at the outlet of McDermott Lake, about 14 

miles southwest of Babb, Mont. 

Records ava.ila.ble.-J"une 6, 1912, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area • .--31.4 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff attached to post on left bank at the lake outlet. 

Channel and control.-Chan,nel practically permanent; control is a limestone reef 

at the lake outlet. 

Discharge measurements.-Made by wading or from a cable acroBB the outlet. 

Winter fiow.-8tation discontinued during winter. Ice forms at gage, but control 

section probably remains unobstructed. 

Accuracy.-Records good. 

The following discharge measurement was made by W. A. Lamb: 

May 22, 1914: Gage height, 2.8 feet; discharge, 381 second-feet. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Swiftcu:rrent Creek at McDermott Lake, Mont., for the year ending Sept. tJO, 1914. 

[F. M. Stevenson and R. A. Reynolds, observers.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Apr. May. June. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Apr. May. June. 

----1------------11----1------------

1 •••••••••• 1.85 •••••• 1.75 •••••••••••• 2.90· 16 •••••••.•• 2.05 •••••• 1.65 •••••• 2.97 2.80 

2 •••••••••••••••• 1.85 •••••• •••••• •••••• 3.02 11.......... •••••• ••..•• •••••• 2.1 a.os 2.90 

3 ••••••••••••...••••••••••••••••••• •••••• 3.20 18 •••••••••• 2.1 1.85 •••••• •••·•· 3.18 2.90 

4 •••••••••• 1.85 1.95 1.75 •••••• •••••• 3.38 19 •••••••••• •·•·•• •· ••••• 1.65 •••••• 3.00 3.00 

5 •••••••••••••••• ·-····· •••••• 1.9 •••••• 3.35 20 •.•••••••• 1.95 •••••••••••• '2.2 2.90 3.10 

6 •••••••••• 1.9 •••••• •••••• •••••• •••••• 3.02 21 ••••••••.• •••·•• 1.85 •••••••••••• 2.88 2.84 7 •••••••••••••••• 1.9 1. 75 •••••• •••••. 2. 75 22 .••••••••• 2.05 •••••• 1.65 ••.••• 2.75 •••••• 

8 •••••••••• 1.95 •••••• •••••• 1.9 •••••• 2.55 23 •••••••••.••••.• •••••• •.•••• 2.2 2.78 •••••• 9 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••. 2.40 24 •••••••••••••••. 1.8 •.••••••..•• 2.72 2.40 

10 •••••••••• •••••• •••••• •••••••••••• •••·•· 2.30 25 •••••.•.•. 2.05 •••••• •••••• 2.3 3.10 2.30 

11 •••••••••• 1.95 1.75 1.8 2.0 •••••• 2.30 26 •••••••••• '1.95 •••••• 1.7 •••·•• 3.10 2.20 

12 •••••••••••••.•• ·••••• ••••.••••••• 2.76 2.25 21 •••••••••• '····· 1.75 •••·•• 2.4 3.00 •••••• 13 •••••••••. 2.05 •••••· 1.65 •••·•• 2.63 2.28 28 .•••.••••. ·••••• .•.••••••.•••••••• 2.75 .••••• 14... ••••. .. ••••.• . .•••• •••.•• 2.1 2. 72 2. 62 29 •••••.•••. 1. 9 •••.••.•..•..••••. 2. 75 •••••• 15 •••••••••••••••. 1.75 ••••.•.••••• 2.84 2.80 30 .•••••••••..••••••.••• 1.65 2.3· 2.10 •••••• 31. ••••••••• 1.85 •••••••.•••••••.•• 2. 78 •••••• 

Daily discharge, in aeoond1eet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at McDermott Lake, Mont., for the 

year eriding Sept. 80, 1914. . 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Apr. May. June. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Apr. May. JuDe. 

---- ------------ 1. •••..•..• 16 76 62 84 186 445 16 •••••••••• 115 61 50 127 475 400 

2 •••••••••• 16 76 62 84 178 500 17 ••••.••••. 121 71 50 127 530 445 

3 •••••••••• 76 85 62 84 200 590 18 .•••.•••.• 121 76 50 121 580 445 

4 •••••••••• 76 94 62 84 250 680 19 ••••••.•.• 110 76 50 155 490 490 

5 •••••••••• 80 91 62 84 200 665 20 •••••••••• 94 76 50 155 445 540 

6 .••••••••• 84 87 62 84 226 500 21. ••••••••• 104 76 50 155 436 418 1 •••••••••• 89 84 62 84 250 378 22 •••••••.•. 115 73 50 155 378 354 

8 ••••.•.•.. 94 18 64 84 275 288 23 •••••••••• 115 71 51 155 391 290 

9 ••........ 94 73 65 84 300 225 24 •••••••••• 115 68 62 172 364 225 

10 .••.•••.•• 94 68 66 103 325 188 25 •••••••••• 115 66 54 188 540 188 

11 •••.•••••• 94 62 68 103 355 188 26 ••••• : •••• 94 64 55 206 540 155 

12 •••.•••.•• 104 62 59 103 382 172 27 •••••••••• 91 62 M 225 490 238 

13 ..•••••••• 115 62 50 127 324 181 28 •••••••••• 81 62 62 225 378 256 

14.· .•....•.. 115 62 50 127 364 319 29 •••••.•••. 84 62 .51 188 378 ' 335 

15 ••••••••.. 115 62 50 127 418 400 30 •••••••..• 80 62 50 188 355 314 

31 •••••••••. 16 ....... 49 ......... 391 .. ..... 

NOTE.-Daily dlscbarge determined from a rating curve well defined below 500 second-feet, except as follows: Apr. 1-4, May 1-11, and June 21--30, estimated; for days for which gage hslghts ars missing, mter· polated. 

~·- .. -
·HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 29 

. Monthly discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at McDe:rmott Lake, Mont., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 31.4 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off. 

Month~ 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. . October .................... 127 76 97.6 November .................. 94 62 71.8 December .................. 68 49 55.6 

~_:_:_::::::::::::::::::::: ~25 84 133 580 178 368 680 155 360 

Per 

square 

mile. 

3.11 

2.29 

1. 77 4.24 

11.7 

11.5 

Depth in 

inches on drainage 

area. 

3.58 

2.56 

2.04 

4. 73 13.49 

12.83 

AccuTotalin racy· 

acr&-feet. 

6,000 B. 

4,270 B. 

3,420 B. 

7,910 B. 

22,600 B. 

21,400 B. 

SWIFTCURRENT CREEK AT SHERBURNE LAKE, MONT. 

Location.-In sec. 35, T. 36 N., R. 15 W:, at the outlet of lower Sherburne Lake, 

just above the boundary line between Gla~er National Park and Blackfeet Indian 

Reservation. 

Records available.-July 1, 1912, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.--64.0 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff on left bank near the outlet of the lake. 

Channel and controL-Apparently permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made by wading or from a cable below the gage. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Affected by ice. 

Regulation and diversion.-No artificial storage or diversion above station. 

Accuracy.-Accuracy of gage heights may be affected by wave action on the lake. 

Discharge measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne Lake, Mont., during the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. 

Mar.14 ...................... . May21. ..................... . 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 1.06 

4.95 

[Made by W. A. Lamb.] 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 40 

565 

Date. 

July19 ...................... . Sept.9 ..................... .. 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 3. 70 3.45 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 276 

a 135 

a Discharge relation affected by channel obstruction due to excavation for Sherburne Lake dam. 
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne Lake, Mont., for the year · ending Sept. 30, 1914-. 

[R. A. Reynolds, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1------------------------

!. ............. 2.5 ······• 2.1 ............................ 3.55 4.8 4.35 

2 .............. ······· ......•....... ·-····· ..................... 3.5 5.4 4.25 3.............. 2. 5 2. 75 2.1 . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2 6. 0 4.0 

4 ...........................•.... : ........•. :' ....• ······• ....... 5.6 6.2 3.9 5 .............. 2.5 2.5 .............•......•......•....... 5.0 5.9 5.0 

6 ................... -. . . . . • . • 2. 2 ................... -. . . . . . . . 4. 4 .'l. 2 5.1 7 ............................ ···-··· ....... ......• ......• ....... 4.0 4.5 4.8 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 5 2. 85 2.15 . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . • . • . . . . . . . . • 3. 75 4. 2 4.6 

9 ...........................• -······ ······• ······• ....... ··•···· 4.15 3.95 4.4 10 •.••....•......••...• 2.6 2.1 ...........•.••.....•....... 5.0 3.5 4. 2 

11 .............. 2.6 ......•....................••.....•......• 5.0 3.5 4.2 

12 ....................• 2.5 2.1 .............. ······· ....... 4.6 3.5 4.1 13.............. 3. 2 .......... -... . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 6 3. 7 4.1 14- . • . • • • . • . • • . . • • . • • • • • • • • • . • 2. 15 . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 8 5. 1 4.1 

15 .............. 3.5 2.65 ....... ······· ······• ······· ······• 5.2 5.1 4.1 

16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • 2. 1 . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . 5. 6 4. 8 4.05 17 ..................... 2.7 ................................... 5.8 4.9 3.9 18.............. 3.1 • .. .. .. 2. 1 .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . 3. 5 5. 7 5. 2 3.8 19 ..................... 2.5 ............................ 3.5 5.4 5.2 3. 75 20.............. 2. 7 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.05 5.3 5.0 3. 7 

21. ........................... 2.1 ..................... 4.1 5.0 4.9 3.6 22 .............. 2.65 2.6 ............................ 4.0 4.8 4.8 3.6 23 ........................................................ 3.9 4.8 3.9 3.5 24 .............. 3.0 2.4 2.1 ..................... 4.0 4.9 3.8 3.45 25 ........................................................ 4.0 5.6 3.6 3.4 

26 ....... -.. .. .. .. .. .. • 2. 35 -2.1 .. .. .. • .. .. .. . .. .. .. . 3. 8 5. 7 3. 7 3.3 27 .............. 3.5 ................................... 3.75 5.2 4.0 3.3 28....... .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. • 2. 1 .. .. . . • .. .. .. . .. .. .. • 3. 75 4. 7 4. 1 3.25 29.............. 3.3 2.2 ....... ....... ....... ....... 3.55 4.5 4.5 3.25 30.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3.4 4.25 4.4 3.25 31. ............. 3.0 ....... 2.1 ............................ 4.4 3.65 

3.3 

3.3 

3.3 

3. 25 3.25 

3.3 

3.3 

3.3 

3.25 

3.2 

3.1 

3.05 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.8 

3.95 

3. 7 3.65 

3.5 

3.5 

3.6 

4.0 

3.8 

3.6 

3.5 

3.5 

3.45 

3.45 

3.45 

3.4 

3.4 

3. 4 

3.35 

3.35 

3.3 

3.35 

3.5 

3.5 

3.45 

3. 45 3.4 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne Lake, Mont., for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------------------- !. ............. 84 128 61 ·····-· ··-···· ....... ···-··· 232 571 435 183 126 2 .............. 84 118 61 ------- ........ ···-··· ------· 222 779 407 183 126 3 .............. 84 108 61 ------- ------- ··-···· ------- 707 1,010 340 183 126 4 .............. 84 96 63 ----·-· ------- ------· ------- 853 1,090 315 174 120 5 .............. 84 84 64 --····· --··-··· ------- ------- 638 970 638 174 120 

6 .............. 84 96 66 ------- ------- ······· ······· 449 707 672 183 114 7 .............. 84 108 65 ------- ······· --····· ....... 340 478 571 183 120 8 .............. 84 120 64 ----·-· ------- ------- ----··· 278 393 508 183 138 9 .............. 87 106 62 ···-··· ----·-· ··-···· ·····-- 380 328 449 174 138 10 .............. 90 93 61 ........ ...•... ------- - 638 .222 393 166 132 

11 .............. 93 88 61 ........ ....... ······· ........ 638 222 393 151 132 12 .............. 130 84 61 ------· ---···· ------- ------- 508 222 366 144 126 13 .............. 166 89 62 •• -- 0. ~ 

------- ------- ------- 508 266 366 138 ....... 14 .............. 194 93 64 ······· ······· ·------ ....... 571 672 366 138 -······ 15 .............. 222 98 62 ------- ------- ····--· ------- 707 672 366 138 ....... 16 .............. 198 100 61 ·-····· --····· --····· ------· 853 571 353 138 ....... 17 .............. 175 103 61 ....... ······· ·------ ······· 930 604 315 183 ------- 18 .............. 151 94 61 ------- ···-··· ----·-· 222 891 707 290 212 ··-··-- 19 .............. 127 84 61 ------· ·-·-··· ·------ 222 779 707 278 166 ------- 20 .............. 103 87 61 ------- ........ ······· 353 743 638 266 158 ....... 21. ............. 100 90 61 ....... ....... ------· 366 638 604 243 138 ....... 22 .............. 98 93 61 ·------ -···-·· -······ 340 571 571 243 138 ······- 23 .............. 118 85 61 ·-····· -··---- ------- 315 571 315 222 151 ······- 24 .............. 138 77 61 ....... --·---- --·---- 340 604 290 212 222 ······· 25 .............. 166 76 61 --····· ........ ······· 340 853 243 202 183 ······· 26 .............. 194 74 61 ....... ------· ------- 290 891 266 183 151 ....... 27 .............. 222 71 61 ··-···· ······· -······ 278 707 340 183 138 ....... 28 .............. 202 69 61 ------- -······ ....... 278 539 366 174 138 29 .............. 183 66 61 ....... ----··· -······ 232 478 478 174 132 ··-···· 30 .............. 160 64 61 ::::::r:::::::::::: 202 407 449 174 132 ....... 31. ............. 138 ....... 61 ···---- 449 ------- 254 132 ....... 

NoTE.-Dally discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1913, and Apr. 18 to Aug. 16, 1914, from a ~tlng curve well defined between 90 and 500 second-feet; Aug. 17 tQ Sept. 121 19141 from a poorly defined 

ratmg curve;_Sept. 13-30, 1914, estimated, at 12.5 second-feet, 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 31 

Monthly discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne Lake, Mont., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Month. 

October ..................... November .................. December .................. ~ril18-30 ................. ay ........................ June ........................ July ........................ August ..................... September .................. 

[Drainage area, 64.0 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

1----:-----.,.-------,----1 g~E~ ~ 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

222 84 133 

128 64 91.4 66 61 61.7 

366 202 291 

930 222 599 

1,090 222 525 

672 174 334 222 132 162 

········---- ·---------·- 126 

Per 

square 

mile. 

2.08 

1. 43 

.966 

4.55 

9.36 

8.20 

5.22 

2.53 

1. 97 

drainage 

area. 

2.40 

1. 60 

1.11 

2.20 

10.79 

9.15 

6.02 

2.92 

2.20 

Run-<>fl' 

(total in Accu- acre-feet. ) racy· 

8,180 B. 

5,440 B. 

3, 790 B. 

7,500 A. 

36,800 A. 

31,200 A. 

20,500 A. 

9,960 B. 

7,500 c. 

OTTERTAIL RIVER AT GERMAN CHURCH, NEAR FERGUS FALLS, MINN. 

Location.-At highway bridge on south line of sec. 31, T. 134 N., R. 42 W., about 8 

miles north of Fergus Falls; about 5 miles upstream from old station. 1 

Records available.-October 29, 1913, to September 30, 1914, at present site. May 

9, 1904, to October 22, 1913, at old station. 1 

Drainage area.-1,300 square miles. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage, fastened to down~tream handrail; read once daily to 

quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 2.0, half-tenths between 2.0 

and 3.0, and tenths above 3.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-Well-defined control about 100 feet below gage; channel 

of heavy gravel and rock; practically permHnent, except for growth of grass at 

control. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the bridge. 

Winter flow.-Affected by ice from December to March; estimates made from measurements made through the ice, from gage heights, and from climatic data. 

Regulation.-Ottertail Lake, about 22 square miles in area, forms a natural reservoir 

which regulates the flow of the river to such an extent that the range of stage is 

small. On the upper part of the river are a number of dams used in driving logs 

to the sawmill at Frazee, where the lowest dam is built. The next dam below 

Frazee is at Maine, several miles below Ottertail Lake, about sec. 35, T. 134 N., 

R. 41 W. During the low-water season the closing of the turbine gates at Maine 

may have an effect on the flow immediately below the dam. Above the station 

the river flows through small lakes which tend to equalize the flow at the station. 

Below the station there are a number of power plants, but owing to the fall of the 

river their influence is not observable at the gage. 

Accuracy.--Gage-height record reliable. 

Data not sufficient for estim tes of discharge. 

I Published und r "Ottertail River nef!r :Fergus Falls, Minn." 
32 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Discharge measurements of Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn., 

during the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. Date. Made by- height. charge. 

Oct. 22 W. G. Hoyt--......... . 29 S. B. Soule ............ . Dec. 29 ..... do ..•.•............ Jan. 29 .•••. do •................ 

Feet. 

1.83 

1.90 

3.37 

2.80 

Sec.-ft. 350 

a340 

b 376 

•206 

Feb. 28 S. B. Soule ......•...... May 13 ..••. do .....•........... June 12 ..... do ................ . Sept. 18 ..... do ............... :. 

a Dischar!:e relation may be slightly affected by grass. b Partial ICe cover at control. c Complete ice cover at control. 

d Discharge relation may be affected by backwater from grass at the control. 

Feet. 

3.20 

1. 79 1. 92 2.17 

Sec.{t. 171 

324 

363 

d 391 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn., 

for the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

[D. S. Danielson, observer.) 

Day. Oct. Nov._ Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1------------------------

1.............. ....... 1.90 

2. ·- ·- -------00 ---- .. - 1.90 3 .•..• -- ·- 0 00 0 0 .. 00 .. - 1. 90 4 .............. 0000000 1.92 5 .............. ···-·-· 1.90 

6 ........... : ........ . 7 .............. -----·· 8 .............. ------- 9 •............. ··----- 10 .............. ··-···· 

11 .................... . 12 .............. ··----- 13 •............. ···--·- 14 .•............ ------- 15 .............. -------

16 .............. ···---- 17 .............. ·····-· 18 .•...•........ ·····-· 19 .............. ··•···· 20 .••••••••.•... •·••••• 

21. •...•.............•. 

22 .............. ······· 23 .••••••.•.•... --·--·· 24 .............. ····--· 25 ....•......... ·····--

1.90 

1.90 

1.90 

1.90 

1.90 

1.92 

1.92 

1.92 

1.90 

1.90 

1.90 

1. 92 1. 92 

1.92 

1.95 

1.95 

1.95 

1. 95 1. 95 1. 95 

1.92 2.9 0000000 0000000 -·-···- 1.92 3.0 ···-··· 1.50 1.92 --····· 0000000 3.0 --····- 1.92 ······- ..•.... ..•.... 1.50 1.92 2.6 3.0 3.1 1.55 

1.95 

2.00 

1.95 

1.80 

1.80 

1. 75 1.80 

1.85 

1.85 

1.90 

2.2 

1.85 

1.85 

1.85 

1.95 

2.6 ..•.•....••.•• 3.0 ...... . •...... -···--- 3.3 

2.2 3.2 ..••.•• 

··•••·· ....... 3.3 

···2:5· ::::::: ::::::: 

·····-- ...•... 3.2 3.2 ..•.••• 

2.6 --·-·-- 2.9 3.2 ..•.•.. 

2.25 ···---· --·-·-· ...•••. 2.3 2.6 ······- ···-··· 2.4 3.2 ..•.•.. 

2.3 ···-··· ······· 2.9 

1.45 

1.50 

1.55 

1. 45 1. 50 

1. 40 1.55 

1.55 

1.60 

1.65 

1.50 

1.50 

1. 60 1.55 

1.55 

1.55 

1. 45 1.55 

1.58 

1.58 

26 •••••••.•••.•. ••••••· 1.95 3.0 2.8 3.2 2.8 1.58 

~:::::::::::::: ::::::: u~ ··3:5·· ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: t~ 29 .............. 1.90 1.95 3.3 2.8 0000000 ..•...• 1.70 30.00 00 00 ·- 0--0 0 1. 90 1.95 -.•. 00 0 0 0 00 ·- 0 --00 00- 1. 60 1. 70 31.............. 1.90 ..•..•. 2.3 ..•....•.•..•. ···•··· ····---

1. 70 1. 70 

1. 72 

1. 72 1. 72 

1. 75 1. 75 1. 75 1. 72 

1. 72 

1. 75 

1. 78 1. 78 

1. 78 

1. 78 

1. 80 1. 78 1. 78-

1. 78 

1. 75 

1. 75 

1. 75 1. 75 1. 75 1. 80 

1. 78 1. 78 

1. 78 

1. 78 

1. 78 1.80 

1. 80 2.4 2.3 2.1 1. 80 2.35 2.3 2.1 1. 82 2.35 2.3 2.1 1.85 2.35 2.3 2.1"-

1.85 2.35 2.3 2.1 

1.82 2.4 2.3 2.1 1.85 2.4 2.3 2.1 1.90 2.4 2.3 2.1 1. 92 2.4 2.25 2.1 1.95 2.4 2.2 2.1 

1.95 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.92 2.35 2.2 2.05 1. 92 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.90 2.3 2.2 2.2 1. 90 2.3 2.2 2.2 

1.90 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.15 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2 1 

2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.05 2.3 2.25 2.1 2.35 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.35 2.3 2.2 2.1 

2.35 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.35 2.3 2.15 2.1 2.35 2.3 2.15 2.1 2.35 2.35 2.1 2.1 2.35 2.1 

NoTE.-Discharge relation probably affected by ice Dec. 16 and about Dec. 21, 1913, to Mar. 31, 1914. 

RED RIVER AT FARGO, N. DAK. 

Location.-At the dam one-half mile above the highway bridge connecting Front 

Street, Fargo, N. Dak., with Moorhead, Minn., 10 miles above the mouth of 

Sheyenne River. 

Records available.-May 27, 1901, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area..--6,020 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff attached to tree on left bank about 6 rods above dam; datum 

about 1 foot below crest of dam. Prior to September 1, 1914, vertical staff attached 

to the breakwater for the center pier of the Front Street Bridge; could not be read 

accurately without a field glass. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 33 

Chil.nnel and control.-Channel consists of clay and silt; slightly ·shifting. The 

dam below the gage forms the control. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the Front Street Bridge or from the Northern Pacific Railway bridge; sometimes from a footbridge 8 rods above the dam. 

Regulation.-The dam, which is a tight overflow weir without sluices, was built for 

the purpose of maintaining a sufficient depth of water for the intake pipe of the 

waterworks, and raises the water about 5 feet at lowest stage. 

Winter fiow.-Discharge relation affected by ice from about the middle of November 

to the 1st of April; observations discontinued .. On account of the comparatively 

sluggish current and the fact that the river flows northward into a colder district, 

a pronounced backwater caused by ice jams usually occurs at the spring breakup. 

Accuracy.-Records good since September 1, 1914; prior to that date only fair, 

because of the inaccessibility of gage, resulting small errors in observations, and 

changes in rating curve caused by lack of permanence in channel. 

Discharge measurements of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., during the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gageg Disheight. charge. height. charge. --- --- Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

Oct. 24 W. B. Stevenson ....... 8.84 508 Jniy 30 E. F. Chandler ......... a8.96 650 Apr. 13 Ole Christianson ....... 8.90 610 Sept. 12 ..... do_ ................. b8.28 451 May 23 E. ;F. Chandler.. ....... 8.58 579 

a New gage read 3.16 feet. b New gage r~ad 2.84 feet. 

NoTE.-Gage heights of discharge measurements in the above table refer to th~ old stail' gage at the 

Front Street Bridge. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red River at Fargo, N.Dak., for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. . 

[E. H. Grasse and F. L. Anders, observers.] 

Day. Oct. :Kov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. ;May. June. Jniy. Aug. Sept. 

---------------~ ------ 1. ............. 8.1 8.1 8.4 ·-·-·-- ----·-· ------- 8. 7 13.2 8.8 14.5 8.6 2.93 2 .............. 8.0 8.2 8.4 ------- ------- ------- 8.8 13.7 8.8 14.2 8.5 2.86 3 .............. 7.9 8.4 8.5 ------- ------- ------· 9.1 13.2 9.0 13.6 8.5 2.86 4 .............. 7.9 8.6 8.6 -·----- ------- ------- 9.5 12.0 9.2 12.4 8.6 2.93 5 .............. 8.0 8.8 8. 7 ------- ------- ------· 9.5 11.2 9.5 12.0 8.6 2.91 

6 .............. 8.2 9.2 8.8 ------- ------- ------- 9.4 10.5 9. 7 11.9 8.6 2.85 7 .............. 8.3 9.0 8.8 ------- ------- ....... 9. 4 10.2 10.4 11.4 8. 7 2.87 8 .............. 8.8 8.9 8.6 ·--·-·· ------- ------- 9.2 10.0 11.1 11.2 8. 7 2. 79 9 ...... ~ ....... 9.4 8.8 8.5 ------- ·----·- ···---- 9.2 9.9 12.4 10.9 8.6 2.81 -10 .............. 9.4 8.6 8.4 ·-····· ------- --·-··· 9.1 9.7 :13.5 10.5 8.6 2.81 

11 .............. 9.3 8.4 8.2 -··-··· ....... ------- 9.0 9.6 14.1 10.1 8.6 2.80 12 .............. 9.3 8.4 8.2 ------- ------· ....... 9.0 9.4 15.9 9.9 8.5 2.83 13 .............. 9.4 8.3 8.0 ------- ------· ··-··-- 9.2 9.3 15.9 9.7 8.5 2.83 14 .............. 9.4 8.1 8.0 ······· ....... ·····-- 9.2 9.2 14.7 9.5 8.5 2.94 15 .............. 9.3 8.0 8.2 ------· ····-·· ....... 9.3 9.1 '14.1 9.4 8.4 3.04 

16 .............. 9.2 8.2 8.3 ....... ....... ....... 9.1 9.0 12.8 9.3 8.5 3.12 17 .............. 9.2 8.5 8.3 ------- ....... ······- 8.9 9.0 12.1 9.3 8.5 3.29 18 .............. 9.1 8. 7 8.5 ....... ·-····· . ...... 8. 7 9.0 11.4 9.2 8.6 3.30 19 .............. 9.1 9.0 8.6 ....... ....... ....... 8. 7 8.9 11.0 9.2 8.6 3.26 20 .............. 9.0 8.9 8.9 ------- ....... ....... 8. 7 8.9 10.6 9.2 8.5 3.20 

21. ............. 8.9 8.9 8.9 ------- ....... ....... 8. 7 8.8 :10.4 9.1 8.4 3.18 22 .............. 8.8 8.8 8.9 ....... --····· 8.9 8.8 8. 7 ;10.3 9.0 8.3 3.18 23 .............. 8.8 8.6 8.9 -- ~---- ....... 8. 7 8.8 8. 7 10.5 9.0 8.4 3.10 24 .............. 8.6 8.4 ....... . ---.. -.- ....... 8.6 8. 7 8. 7 10.6 8.9 8.5 3.05 -25 .............. 8.6 8.3 ------- ------- ....... 8.6 8. 7 8. 7 10.9 8.9 8.6 3.06 

26 .............. 8.6 8.2 ------- ------- ······· 8.5 8.7 8.8 11.4 8.9 8. 7 3.05 27 .............. 8.5 8.1 -·--·-· -·-···· ······- 8.3 8.7 8.9 11.8 8.9 8. 7 3.02 28 .............. 8.4 8.3 ....... ------- . ....... 8.1 9.2 8.9 13.3 8.8 8. 7 3.00 29 .............. 8.2 8.3 ....... -······ ........ 8.2 9.3 8.8 14.0 8.8 8. 7 2.99 30 .............. 8.2 8.3 ------· ....... ....... 8.4 11.2 8.8 14.3 8. 7 8. 7 2.97 31. ............. 8.1 ....... ........ ------- --····· 8.6 ······· 8.8 .......... 8. 7 8. 7 ---···· 

NoTE.-The discharge relation was affecied by ice Dec. 6, 1913, to ;Mar. 21,1914. Gage heights Sept. l-30, 1914, refer to the new gage. 

97825° -WSP 385-15--3 
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. 

80, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. I Mar. Apr. May. June. I July. Aug. Sept. =i= ---- 1 .............. 335 335 406 550 2,030 580 2,330 520 506 

2 .............. 312 358 406 """f"'" 580 2,220 580 2,410 490 470 

3 .............. 290 406 430 ---···· ....... 670 2,030 640 2,180 490 470 

4 .............. 290 455 455 ------- ....... 790 1,600 700 1, 740 520 506 

5 .............. 312 5os 481 I· 790 1,330 790 1,600 520 495 

6 .............. 358 625 760 1,100 852 1,570 520 465 

7 .............. 382 565 760 1,010 1,070 1,400 550 475 

8 .............. 508 536 700 945 1,290 1,330 550 435 

9 .............. 685 508 700 914 1, 740 1,230 520 445 

10 .............. 685 455 ------- ······· I 670 852 2,140 I ...... T ...... 1,100 520 445 

11 .............. 655 406 ······- ------- ----··· ....... 640 821 2,370 976 520 440 

12 .............. 655 406 ------- ------- -······ ······- 640 760 3,060 914 490 455 

13 .............. 685 382 ···-··· ------- ----·-· --····· 700 730 3,060 852 490 455 

14 .............. . 685 335 ------- ··----- ······· --···-· 700 700 2,600 790 490 511 

15 .............. 655 312 ··--··- ··--··· ······· ---··-- 730 670 2,370 760 461 564 

16 .............. 625 358 ······· ------- ----··· ------· 670 640 1,890 730 490 607 17 .............. 625 430 ------- ··--·-· ----··· ------- 610 640 1,640 730 490 704 

18 .............. 595 481 ---···· ·------ --·-··- ------- 550 640 1,400 700 520 710 

19 .............. 595 565 ······· ···---- -·----- ------- 550 610 1,260 700 520 687 20 .............. 565 536 ------- ------- ....... ------- 550 610 1,130 700 490 652 

21. ............. 536 536 ······· ------- ··-···· ·------ 550 580 1,070 670 461 641 22 .............. 508 508 ------- ------- ------· 610 580 550 1,040 640 433 641 23 .............. 508 455 ------- ------- ------- 550 580 550 1,100 640 461 596 24 .............. 455 406 ······- ------- ------- 520 550 550 1,130 610 490 569 25 .............. 455 382 ······· ---···- --····- 520 550 550 1,230 610 520 574 

26 .............. 455 358 ------· ....... ······· 490 550 580 1,400 610 550 569 

27 .............. 430 335 ------- ··-···· ··--··· 433 550 610 1,530 610 550 553 28 .............. 406 382 ....... ------- ······· 380 700 610 2,070 580 550 542 29 .............. 358 382 ·····-· -····-- ······· 406 730 580 2,330 580 550 537 30 .............. 358 382 ....... --····· ....... 461 1,330 580 2,440 550 550 526 31. ............. 335 ------- ....... ·····-- ------- 521 580 550 550 

NoTE.-Daily discharge Oct. 1 to Dec. 5, 1913, Mar. 22 to Aug. 31, and Sept. 1-30, 1914, computed from 

three well-defined rating curves. Discharge estimated, because of ice, from climatic records, aud discharge of adjacent drainage areast!'S follows: Dec. 6-31, 1913, 336 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 200 second-feet; Feb. 

1-28, 140 second-feet; and 1>1ar. 1-21, 250 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak.,jor the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 1-----.------.---IAccuracy. Maximum. Mlnimum. 

October........................................................ 685 290 

November..................................................... 625 335 

December ............................................................................. . January .................. -~ ........................................................... . 

~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ········6io· :::::::::::: 

~~ : n: i:§ 1 

Theyear ................................................ . 3,060 

N OTE.-See footnote to table of daily discharge. 

494 A. 

436 B. 

352 D. 

200 

140 

327 D. 

666 c. 877 B. 1,550 B. 1,010 B. 511 B. 542 A. 

594 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 35 

RED RIVER AT GRAND FORKS, N. DAK. 

Location.-At Northern Pacific Railway bridge between Grand Forks, N. Dak., 

and East Grand Forks, l\finn., about half a mile below mouth of Red Lake River. 

Records available.-May 26, 1901, to September 30, 1914; gage-height records kept 

by United States Engineer Corps W.nce 1882, and a few discharge measurements 

were made by them in early years. 

Drainage area.-25,000 square miles. 

Gages.-Staff and chain attached to Northern Pacific Railway bridge; same datum. 

As a rule chain gage is read only during periods of exceptionally low water. Gage 

of United States Engineer Corps located on bridge breakwater at same place as 

staff gage of United States Geological Survey; datum 5 feet higher. 

Channel and controL-Clay and silt; shifts·slightly. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from Great Northern Railway bridge, about 

one-fifth mile above gage. 

Regulation.-No dams, other obstructions, or rapids below; channel fairly uniform 

for many miles. At Crookston, 25 miles above, on Red Lake River, are nearest 

power plant and reservoir affecting flow; about half the water comes from Red 

Lake River, but storage at Crookston plant is too small to cause perceptible 

fluctuation at gage. On Red River proper and its tributaries above Grand Forks, 

no important power plants or reservoirs within a hundred miles. 

Winter fl.ow.-River flows under smooth ice from about middle of November to 

middle of April; flow usually steady with no sudden fluctuations; since 1905 

sufficient discharge measurements have been made each winter to obtain fairly 

satisfactory summaries. On account of a gentle current and the fact that the 

river flows north into cooler regions the gage reading is usually excessive for a 

few days or weeks when ice breaks up in the spring, and flow must be largely 

estimated unless daily discharge measurements are made; actual measurements 

when river appeared to be open at station have sometimes shown the reading to 

be 5 feet greater than would be necessary for same discharge when entire river 

is open. 

Discharge measurement of Red River at Grand Forks, N.Dak., during the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. height. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

Oct. 8 Stevenson and Powers. 4.77 819 Mar. 24 0 le Christianson .•..•.. a8.48 1,400 

Nov. 29 A. S.Miller ............ 5.47 1,190 Apr. 25 Burdick and Powers ... 8.30 2,100 

Jan. 8 ..... do .....•........... a5.46 665 June 2 E. F. Chandler .•....... 7.96 2,350 13 ..... do ................. a5.55 530 15 . .... do ................. 16.77 7,640 15 ..... do ................. a5.54 466 July 6 ..... do ................. 13.04 5,130 

Feb. 27 0 le Christianson ....... a5.38 526 Aug. 29 Chandler and Babcock. 5. 74 1,230 

Mar. 9 Stevenson and Christianson .............. a5.54 530 

a River frozen. 
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak. ,for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

[H. L. Hayes, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. J:an. Feb. Mar. .Apr. May. June. July • .Aug. Sept • 

---------------------- 1. ...... ··•··•· 4.3 5.42 5.6 ------- ....... ....... 7.92 8.38 7.25 13.3 6.02 5.8 

2 •..........•. : 4.3 5.65 5.7 --··-·· ------- ------- 8.1 8. 98 7.35 14.05 6.0 5.6 

3 ...........•.. 4.3 5.68 5.68 4.8 ....... ··-···- 8.8 10.42 7.4 14.65 6.0 5.52 

4 ...•.•.•••••.. 4.3 5.8 5.7 ------- ....... ------- 9.62 11.5 7.6 l4.4 6.05 5.42 

5 .•.•••••••••.. 4.38 6.0 5.45 ....... ....... ------- 10.75 12.22 7.8 12.85 6.1 5.38 

6 .••••••••••••• 4.5 6.12 5.3 ------- ------- ------- 11.65 1i.65 8.25 12.5 6.05 5. 7 7 .•...•.••••••. 4.55 6.25 4.9 ....... 5.1 ------· 12.18 10.8 8.45 11.8 5.95 5.65 

8 .•..••••...•.. 4.6 6.3 ------- ------- ------- ···-··· 12.4 10.35 9.1 10.95 5. 78 5.62 

9 ••.••••••••••. 4.65 6.3 ......... . ....... 5.45 12.4 9.8 10.15 10.32 5. 7 5.55 

10 .•.•...•.••••. 4.95 5.8 ------- 5.3 ------- ------- 12.4 9.4 11.1 9.65 5.55 5. 75 

11 .•.••••••••••. 5.3 5. 75 ------- ....... ------- ....... 12.18 9.0 12.15 9.52 5.5 5. 7 12 ..•.•.•.•..... 5.8 5.0 --·--·· --·--·· --····· 11.8 8.72 14.3 8.95 5.5 5.6 

13 .•••••.••••.•. 6.2 5.45 5.3 ------- ···s:c.· ··is:c.·· 11.62 8.45 16.35 8.5 5.45 5.5 

14 •.•.•••...•••. 6.4 5.88 ------- ------- 11.45 8.1 16.95 7.95 5.4 5.25 

15 •.•..•.•.•••.. 6.4 5.48 ······· ------- ------- ....... 11.75 7.65 17.3 7.65 5.3 5.0 

16 .••••••.•.•••. 6.4 5.4 ------- ------- ------· ···---- 11.88 7.35 17.9 7.55 5.12 5.3 

17 .•••....••.••. 6.4 5;4 ------- 5.1 ------- ------- 11.12 7.~5 18.15 7.35 5.1 5. 7 18 .•.•.•.•.••.•. 6.4 5.68 ------- ....... ------- ........ 10.98 7. 72 17.75 7.05 5.0 5.85 

19 .•....•....••. 6.4 5.9 ··s:a·· ....... ....... ------- 10.92 7.62 16.15 7.6 4.98 6.05 

20 •••••••••••••• 6.4 5.8 ....... ........ --····· 10.6 7.6 15.15 7.6 4.92 6.1 

21. .••....••.•.. 6.35 5.8 ------- ------- 4.7 7.9 9.5 7.6 14.25 7.6 4.98 6.65 

22 ...•.••••••... 6.2 5.82 ·-·---- ·····-- ------- 8.25 9.05 7.92 13.15 7.62 5.0 6.9 

23 ...••••••••••• 5.85 5.88 ........... ............ ............ 8.45 8. 78 7.9 11.98 6.9 5.55 6. 75 24 •••••••••••••• 5.72 5. 76 ........... 5.3 ------- 8. 7 8.58 7.85 11.15 6.72 5.45 6.48 

25 •...•••••••••. 5.58 5.35 ............ ............ ........... 8. 7 8.45 7.85 10.6 6.5 5.42 6.2 

26 •••••••••••••• 5.5 5.3 ""5:i"" .......... ............ 8.72 8.1 7.9 10.2 6.5 5.5 6.1 

27 .•.••••••••... 5.4 5.5 ......... ···s:c.· 8.5 8.1 7. 75 10.1 6.5 5.5 5.88 

28 •....••••••... 5.55 5.5 ···---- ........... 8.35 8.25 7.65 10.7 6.5 5.65 5. 72 29 .........••.•. 5.0 5.5 .............. .......... ·-····· 7.95 8.1 7. 68 11.25 6.42 5.85 5.6 

30 .........••... 4.48 5.4 ------- ------- -----·· 7.55 8.0 7.5 12.75 6.32 5.85 5.48 

31. ... '···· ..... 4.85 ------- ------- 5.3 ------- 7. 75 ------- 7.4 ·------ 6. 3 5.85 -······ 

NOTE.-Dischargerelation affected by ice Dec.1, 1913, to .Apr.16, 1914. 

Daily discharge, in secondjeet, of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak.,jor the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. .Apr. May. June. July. .Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- !. ........ : .... 654 1,040 ····-·· ------- ....... ------- ------- 2,350 1, 780 5,490 1,270 1,180 

2 .••.•••••••... 654 1,130 . ....... -···-·· ------- ··----- ------- 2,690 1,830 6,020 1,260 1,110 

3 ••.••••••••..• 654 1,140 ------- --·---- ....... ------- ------- 3,570 1,850 6,450 1,260 1,080 

4 ••••••••.••.•• m 1,180 . ....... .......... .......... ........ ------- 4,270 1,950 6,270 1,280 1,040 

5 •••••••••••••• 1,260 . ....... ........ .......... ........ . ....... 4,750 2,050 5,180 1,300 1,030 

6 •••••••••••••• 719 1,310 . ......... ------- ........ ....... . ........ 4,370 2,280 4,940 1,280 1,150 7 .•••••••••..•. 735 1,360 . ......... ........ ......... ........ ···---- 3,810 2,390 4,470 1,240 1,130 

8 ......••.•..•. 752 1,380 . ....... ------- ......... ........ . ........ 3,520 2, 760 3,910 1,180 1,120 9 .••.•.•••••••. 769 1,380 ······· ....... ........ ....... ....... 3,180 3,400 3,500 1,150 1,090 

10 .•.••••••••••• 872 1,180 ······· ............ ......... .......... ···--·· 2,930 4,010 3,080 1,090 1,160 

11 ••••••.••••... 998 1,160 -······ ------- .......... ........ ......... 2,700 4,700 2,990 1,070 1,150 

12 ••..•••••••••• 1,180 890 ......... ........ ........... ........ ------- 2,540 6,200 2,670 1,070 1,110 

13 ••.•.•.•••...• 1,340 1,050 ............ ............. ........... ......... .., ...... 2,390 7,680 2,420 1,050 1,070 14 ••.•.••.•.•..• 1,420 1,210 . ......... ......... ····r·· ------- ------- 2,200 8,200 2,120 1,030 980 

15 ..•••..•.•.••. 1,420 1,060 ------- ······· ........ ------- . ......... 1,970 8,490 1.970 998 890 

16 •.•..•.•.....• 1,420 1,030 .. .......... ------- ............ .......... ·4;o2o· 1,830 8,990 1,920 933 998 

17 .•...••.•..... 1,420 1,030 ------- ........ ···-··- ........ 2,120 9,200 1,830 926 1,150 

18 ..••....•..•.. 1,420 1,140 .. ........... ......... --····- ······- 3,930 2,010 8,860 1,690 890 1,200 

19 ••.••...•.•... 1,420 1,220 . .......... ······· ........... ------- 3,890 1,960 7,570 1,950 883 1,280 

20 .••..•••.•..•. 1,420 1,180 ------- --·---- ............ ------- 3,680 1,950 6,810 1,950 862 1,300 

21. •....•.•••... 1,400 1,180 ------- . .......... .......... .......... 2,990 1,950 6,160 1,950 883 1,520 

22 .•.•.••••.•... 1,340 1,190 ------- .. ........... ........... ............ 2,730 2,110 5,380 1,960 1)90 1,630 

23 •••••••••••••• 1,200 1,210 . ........ ............. .......... ............ 2,570 2,100 4,590 1,630 1,090 1,560 

24 •••••••••••.•• 1,150 1,170 . .......... ........... ......... . .......... 2,460 2,080~ 4,040 1,550 1,050 1,450 

25 .•••••••••.••• 1,100 1,020 .. ......... ............ .......... .. ........... 2,390 2,080 3,680 1,460 1,040 1,340 

26 .••••••••••••• 1,070 998 ........... .............. ............ ........... 2,200 2,100 3,430 1,460 1,070 1,290 

27 .•••••••••.••• 1,030 1,070 ............. ............ ............ ............ 2,200 2,020 3,360 1,460 1,070 1,210 

28 .••.•.••••.••. 1,090 1,070 .. ........... ............ ............. .. .......... 2,580 1,980 3, 750 1,460 1,130 1,150 29 ..••••.••••.•• 890 1,070 ............. ···---- .. .......... ------- 2,200 1,990 4,100 1,430 1,200 1,110 

30 .•••••••.•..•• 712 1,030 .. .......... ------- .......... ........... 2,150 1,900 5,110 1,390 1,200 1,060 

31. ••..••••.•..• 837 ............ .......... ............. ............. ............ ............. 1,850 ------- 1,380 1,200 . ............ 

NoTE.-Dafiy discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge estimated because of 

ice, from gage heights. observer's notes, discharge measurements, and climatic records, as follOws: Dec. 

1-31, 1913, 793 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 509 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 428 second-feet; Mar. 1-311 911 sE.ICQnd-~ and .Apr. 1-16, 3,100 second-feet. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 37 

Monthly discharge of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak.,jor the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Discharge in second·feet. AoMonth. 

Maximum. Minimum. 

October ................................... J..... .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. 1,420 654 

~:::~e"J.~ ~: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :c :::::::::::::::::: ...... ~~~~- ........ ~:<.'. January •...........................................................................•... February ••.......................... ;_ .................................. -- .... -- .. ---- March •••••........ __ .... _. __ ._. ___ ... __ ... ____ . __ . __ ._ ........ __ ... __ ...•. ______ . ____ _ 

~1m : , 11 tm 

The year •................•.......... _,_ .................. . 9,200 

NoTE.-See footnote to table of daily discjJ.arge. 

WILD RICE RIVER AT TWIN VALLEY, MINN. 

cuMean. racy. 

1,050 A. 

1,140 B. 

793 c. 509 c. 428 c. 911 c. 2,990 c. 

2,560 B. 

4,820 B. 2,840 B. 

1,090 B. 1,180 B. 

1,690 

Location. -At highway bridge at Twin Valley, 2 miles above nearest tributary which 

enters at Heiberg. 

Records available.-June 30, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-805 square miles. 

Gage.-Verpcal staff read daily, morning and evening, to half-tenths. Limits of 

use: Hundredths below 5.0, half-tenthsjrom 5.0 to 6.5, and tenths above 6.5 feet. 

Channel and control.-Practically permanent; river overflows at a stage of 12 feet 

on the gage, and covers an area several hundred feet wide. 

Discharge measurements.-Ma4e from the bridge except at extreme low stages, 

when they are made at a wading section. 

Floods.-An exceptionally severe :11-ood occurred in July, 1909, which overflowed the 

lower part of the valley and wrecked the power dam at Faith by cutting around 

the end and greatly increasing ithe width of the channel. The maximum stage 

of the flood at Twin Valley was 20 feet and the discharge about 9,200 second-feet. 

Regulation.-Discharge affected by storage created by the dams at lower end of 

Lower Rice Lake and at the outlet of Twin Lakes. Highest point affected by 

backwater from dam at Heiberg is more than a mile below Twin Valley. 

Discharge measurements of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914 .. · 

Date. Made by- Gage Dls- Date. Made by- Gage Dlsheight. charge. height. charge. 

--- --- Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

Dec. 27 Ole Christianson .••.... 5.20 a 15.5 May 24 W. B. Stevenson •..•... 5.31 126 

Feb. 9 ..•.• do .............•... 6.0 a 14.4 July 11 E. F. Chandler ..•...... 6.41 352 

Mar. 11 ...•• do •...•............ 6.28 a23.4 12 ...•• do .••.............. 6.32 340 

Apr. 19 W. B. Stevenson ...•.•. '6.13 170 Aug. 25 .•.•• do •••••............ 5.59 203 

a River frozen over. 
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART v. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wild 'Rice River at Twin 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Valley, Minn., for the year ending 

[Axel Johnson, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ••••..••.•.•. 4.90 5.4 5.5 ......... ~-

------- ............ 7.8 6.8 5.8 7.5 5.6 5.05 

2 .•.•..•••••••. 4. 82 5.3 5.4 ............ ...... ~ ...... .. ........ 7.4 6. 7 5.85 7.4 5.6 5.05 

3 .....•....•.•. 4.90 5.35 5.4 ............. ............. ............. 7.8 6. 7 5.8 7.4 5.5 5.05 

4 .............. 4.90 5.1· 5.4 ............. ............. ............. 7.6 6. 7 5.85 7.2 5.4 5.2 

5 .•••.••.•••.•. 4.90 5.1 5.4 .............. ............. ............ 7.4 6.6 6.2 7.0 5.4 5.55 

6 ..•••....•.... 5.3 5.2 5.4 ............ ........... ............ 7.3 6.6 6. 7 6.8 5.4 5. 7 

7 .•.•.•.•..•••. 5.4 5.2 5.3 .............. ............. ............. 7.1 6.6 6.8 6. 7 5.4 5.7 

8 .•...•.•.•..•. 5.5 5.4 5.3 ............ ............ ............. 6.8 6.6 7.0 6.6 5.3 5. 7 

9 ..•.•.•..•.... 5.3 5.4 5.3 ............. ........... ............ 6. 7 6.0 8.3 6.5 5.2 5.55 

10 .....•.••• , ••. 5.2 5.4 5.35 ............ ------- ............. 6.45 5.8 8.4 6.4 5.2 5.4 

11 ......•••••••. 5.2 5.5 5.6 ---···· ............ ............ 6.3 5.6 8.4 6.4 5.2 5.4 12 •••••••••••••• 5.2 5.4 5. 7 ------- ........... ------- 6.3 5. 45 8.4 6.4 5.2 5.45 

13 .•••••••••.••. 5.2 5.3 5.6 ------- ···5:6· ............ 6.1 5.35 8.3 6.3 5.2 5.5 

14 .••••.•••••... 5.2 5.15 5.5,'; 6.0 5.3 8.3 6.3 5.2 5.5 

15 •••••••••••••. 5.2 5.1 5.35 6. 7 ............ 7.5 6.2 5.3 8.1 6.15 5.15 5.5 

16 •••••••••••••. 5.1 5.0 5.15 6.7 ............ ............ 6.3 5.2 7.8 6.1 5.1 5.5 

17 •••••••••••••• 5.0 5.1 5.1 .............. ............ ............. 6.25 5.5 7.0 6.0 5.1 5.45 

18 .••••••••••••• 5.0 5.2 ............ .............. ........... ............ 6.35 5.1 6.8 6.0 5.15 5.4 

19 •••••••••••••. 5.0 5.1 ............ ............. ............ ............. 6.15 5.25 6.6 5.9 5.2 5.4 

20 •••••••••••••• 4.90 5.0 ............. ............ ............ .. .......... 6.2 5.35 6.6 5.8 5.2 5.35 

21. .•...•••••••. 4.80 5.05 ............. ------- .. .......... ........... 6.2 5.4 5.95 5.8 5.2 5.35 

22 .••••••••••••. 4.80 5.1 ............ ........ ........ ······- 6.9 5. 4 5.4 5. 8 5.3 5.35 

23 .....••••••••. 4.95 5.5 5.1 -······ ······- ......... 7. 4 5. 4 6.2 5.9 5.3 5.35 

24 ..•.•.•••••••• 5.0 5.1 ........ .......... ........ ......... 7. 7 5.3 6.2 6.0 5.3 5.35 

25 .............. 5.2 5.2 ......... .......... ......... .......... 6.8 5.2 6.0 5. 8lj. 5.3 5.35 

26 .............. 5.3 5.5 ....... .... , .... . ....... 6.4 5.2 6.15 5. 7 5.3 5.3 

27 •••••••••.•••. 5.1 5. 7 .......... ....... ........ ........ 6.4 5.1 6.8 5.8 5.3 5.3 

28 ....•.•••••.•• 5.2 5. 7 ......... ······· 5.8 . ....... 6.5 5.15 7.0 5. 7 5.3 5.3 29 ..•••••••••••• 5.3 5. 7 ....... ........ ···-··· ....... 6.8 5.2 7.2 5. 7 5.25 5.3 

30 ...••••••••••• 5.4 5.65 6.2 ....... 6.6 6.8 5. 3 7.4 5.6 5.1 5.3 

31. ............. 5.4 ........ ........ ........ ....... 8.0 ······- 5. 7 5. 7 5.1 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 11, 1913 to Apr. 12, 1914, and by backwater from 

logs about Oct.1 to Dec.10, 1913, and Apr.13-24, 1914. On Mar. 31, the ice was reported to be breaking up. 
HUDSON :MY I>ltAtNAGE .AttEA IN 1-HE trNtTE:b STATES. 39 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wild Rice River at Trvin Valley, Minn., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. NOV." Dec.· Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------- ---------- 1. •••..•...•.•. 37 86 98 ............ ............ ........... .. .......... 464 215 717 176 82 2 •••.•••••••.•. 31 75 86 ............. ............ .......... ........... 434 226 678 176 82 

3-"······-·---- 37 80 86 ........... ............ ............ ........... 434 215 678 158 82 4 •••.••.•.•.... 37 54 86 ............. ............ .. ........... ............. 434 226 601 140 106 5 •••....•...... 37 54 86 ............ ............ .......... ............ 405 803 530 140 167 

6 ••••••••.•••.. 75 64 86 ............... ............. ............ ............ 405 434 464 140 195 7 .•••.•.•.•.••. 86 64 75 ............ ............ ............. .............. 405 464 434 140 195 8 •••.•.•...•.•. 98 86 75 ............. ............. .............. .......... 405 530 405 123 195 9 •••••••••••••• 75 86 75 ............ ........... \, .. ........... .............. 258 1,040 378 106 167 10 •••••••••••••. 64 86 80 .............. ............. ............ ............. 215 1,080 352 106 140 

11 •••.•.•..••.•. 64 98 ............. ............. ............. .. ............ .. .......... 176 1,080 352 106 140 12 •.•.•.•.••.••. 64 86 ............. ............ ............ ........... ... i75" 149 1,080 352 106 149 13 ..•....••••••. 64 75 ............. ............ ............ .. ........... 132 1,040 327 106 158 14 .•••...•.••.•. 64 59 ............. ............ ------- ------- 161 123 1,grs 327 106 158 .15 •••.•.•.•.•••. 64 54 ~ 6 6 .. - .... ......... .. ...... ~ .... .. ........... 189 123 292 98 158 

16 •••.•.•.•.•.•. 54 45 ............ .............. ........... ............ 203 106 835 280 90 158 17 •.•.•.•.•.•... 45 54 ............ ............ ~ ........... ............ 196 158 530 258 90 149 18 •.•...•.•.•••. 45 64 ............. ............. ............ .......... 210 90 464 258 98 140 19 •.•.•.•.•.•... ~ 54 ............. .............. ............ ........... 182 114 405 236 106 140 20 •••••••••••••. 45 ........... .............. .. ........... .. ........ 189 132 405 215 106 132 

21. ...•.•.•.•.•. 30 50 ........... ........... ............. ............ 189 140 247 215 106 132 22 •.....•.•.•.•. 30 54 ........... ........... .. ........... .. .......... 296 140 140 215 123 132 23 •••••..••••.•. 41 98 ............ ............. ............ ............ 380 140 303 236 123 132 24 •••••••••••••• 45 54 ............. ............ .. ......... .. ............ 434 123 803 258 123 132 25 ••••••.•. : .••. 64 64 ............ , .. .............. ........... ............. 464 106 258 226 123 132 

26 ••.•........•. 75 98 ............ ............. ............ ............. 352 106 292 195 123 123 27 •.•.•••....... 54 122 .............. ............. . ......... .. .......... 352 90 464 215 123 123 28 •............. 64 122 .............. ............ ............. .............. 378 98 530 195 123 123 29 •••••......... 75 122 .............. .............. .............. ............. 464 106 601 195 114 123 30 ••••••.•.•.•.. 86 116 ............. .............. ............. .............. 464 123 678 176 90 123 31. •••••••.••••• 86 .............. .......... .............. ............ .......... ........... 195 195 90 

NOTE.-About July 28, 1913, log driving was attempted, and, on account of the low stage, logs lodged along the channel, causing backwater at the gage. The logs remained ln the channel until Apr. 24, 1914. 

Daily discharge Oct. 1 to Dec. 10, 1913, and Apr. 12-24, 1914, computed from a fair~ defined rating curve based on five discharge measurements Inade during these periods. Daily · ge, Apr. 25 to Sept. 30, 1914, computed from a falrly well defined rating curve. pisc~ge estimate~J because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and 

climatic records as fouows: 

Dec. 11-31, 1lh3b40 second-feet; Jan. 1-15, 1914, 18 second·:(eet; Jan. 16-31, 24 second-feet; Feb. 1-15, 15 second-feet; Fe . 16-28, 13 second-feet; Mar. 1-15, 27 second-feet; Mar. 16-31, 46 second-feet; Apr. 1-12, 

1110 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 

19U. 

Discharge ln second-feet. 

Month. ,-'-------.-------.------rA~ racy. 

MaXimum. Minimum. Mean. 

October .••••••.•..•...•.• :..................................... 98 30 November..................................................... 122 45 

December •••.•.............................................•••....••••.•••.•.•.•..••.•. 

~~::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

~m·:::• .. ::~ :::·•::•:::~••••~•~•·-~~-····:•::.:~•:•~ .:· ,m ···· ····ii. 

Theyear •................................................ 1,080 

57.2 B. 75.6 B. 

54.0 c. 21 D. 

14 c. 37 c. 

252 c. 211 c. 

546 B. 

337 A. 119 c. 139 B. 

155 
40 SURYACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

RED LAKE RIVER AT THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINN. 

Loca.tion.~e-thiid mile below the dam at Thief River Falls, and a mile or more below the mouth of Thief River. , · -

Records a.va.ila.ble.-July 2, 1909, to September 30, Iln4. 

Dra.ina.ge a.rea..-3,430 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Inclined staff; read daily, morning and evening, to half-tenths. Limits of 

use: Hundredths below 4.0, half-tenths from 4.0 to 5.0, and tenths above 5.0 feet. 

Oha.nnel a.nd control.-Control changed temporarily by log jams that form below; 

channel practically permanent. 

Discha.rge measurements.-Made from a car and cable at the gage. 

Winter :flow.-River frozen over from latter part of November to first of April; discharge measurements made through the ice to determine flow. 

Regul.a.tion.-A short distance above the station is the dam used by the Hansen & 

Barzen Milling Co. and the city lighting plant. The fluctuating loads on the 

turbines, produced by the operation of the lighting plant at night and of the mill 

chiefly during the day time, cause fluctuations in the river stage b~low the dam. 

Accuracy.-Records only fair; logs floated down river may jam below the station and 

cause backwater. Conditions at station have not been satisfactory, but logging 

below the gage hali now been discontinued. 

Di8charge mea&UTement& of Red Lalce River at Thief River Fall&, Minn., during the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Gage Dis- helght. charge. Date. Made by- height. charge. 

-----1-------------1---- -----1--------------1----1----

Oct. 22 W. R Stevllllson ...... . Jan. 1 Ole Christla.nson ...... . Feb. 11 ..... do ............... .. Mar. 13 ..... do ..... , ......... .. Apr. 23 L. W. Burdick ........ . 

Feet. 

3.41 

4.42 

5.35 

5.45 

4.72 

Sec.-ft. 

62 

a157 

a270 

a240 

480 

May 23 W. B. Stevensiln •...... June 12 -----do ............. _ .. _ July 10 E. F. Chandler_ ••••••. Aug. 27 ..... do ................ . 

a River froz~. 

~~:4 Sec.~ 5.83 974 

4.69 472 

4.34 302 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Lalce River at Thief River Fall&, Minn., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[C. P. Quist and R. W. Roard, observers.] 

Day. Oct. .Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-------------------------------------------- 1 .............. 3.92 3.90 3.95 4.4 ............ ............ 5.9 4.55 4.9 4.9 4.05 4.45 

2 .............. 3.95 3.75 3.98 ............. .. a:oo· '"4:i' 6.1 4.65 4.8 4.7 4.25 4.15 

3 .............. 3.95 4.25 4.2 ............. 6.3 4.45 4.9 4.65 4.05 4.25 

4 .............. 3.80 4.3 4.3 ............. ............. . .......... 6.0 4.6 4.9 4.55 4.25 4.15 

5 .............. 3.70 4.25 4.1 .............. .. ........... ........... 6.0 4. 75 4.95 4.45 4.0 4.15 

6 .............. 4.1 4.2 4 • .15 4.4 3.55 ··- .4.6 5.6 . .. 4.75 5.0 4. 75 4.1 4.15 

7: ............. 4.05 4.2 3.25 .............. .............. ......... 5.6 4.7 5.2 4.7 4.05 4.1 

8 .............. 4.2 4.3 3.25 "4:2" ............ ........ 5.0 4. 75 5.2 4.8 3.92 4.35 

9 .............. 4.3 3.80 3.20 "3:40' "'4:8" 4.95 4. 75 5.3 4.65 4.15 4.15 

10 .............. 4.1 4.0 4.1 ........... 5.1 4.7 6.2 4.5 4.0 4.25 

11 .............. 4.05 4.15 4.0 ........... 5.4 ........... 5. 7 4.75 6.2 4.7 3.94 4.3 

12 .............. 3.88 4,0 3,70 "4:o-- '"5:2· 5.8 4.7 6.0 4.45 3.97 4.3 

13 .............. 3.95 3.95 3.75 4.6 4.9 4.5 5.6 4.55 3.97 4.35 

14 .............. 4.2 3.90 3.65 .......... 3.60 ......... 5.1. 4.4 5;3 4.3 4.05 4.35 

15 .............. 4.1 4.25 4.1 ........ ............ .. ......... 5.5 4.55 5.2 4.6 4.15 4.3 

16 .............. 4.35 3.90 3.90 3.70 "3:7ci' ·--s:o· 5.3 4.45 4.8 4.35 4.05 4.25 

17 .............. 4.15 3.90 3.85 ............ 5.5 4.4 5.2 4.4 4.0 4.25 

18 .............. 4.2 3.85 3.90 ........ ........ .. ........ 5.0 4.55 4.8 4.2 3.92 4.45 

19 .............. 3.65 3.90 3.70 "4:2" "4:ci" 5.6 4.45 4.6 4.4 3.90 4.45 

20 .............. 4.15 3.80 3.90 4.8 4.9 4.65 4.5 4.35 3. 77• 4.4 

21 .... ; ......... 4;1 4.05 3.70 .......... .......... ............ 5.0 5.1 4.75 4.35 .3.87 4.45 22 .............. 3.60 4.1 3.75 "4:3" .......... .. ......... 4.8 5.3 4.85 4.15 3.94 J,4 

23 .............. 4.1 3.95 3.75 "3:55' "•'4:i' 4.7 5.2 4.8 4.2 3.77 4.45 

24 .............. 4.1 4.05 3.70 4.65 5.1 4.45 4.2 4.4 4.45 

25 .............. 4.2 4.0 3. 70 ............. ............ ........ 4.6 5.1 4.55 4.2 4.25 4.45 

26 .............. 3. 75 4.15 3.75 ........... ............ ............ 4.25 4.9 4.6 3.94 4.35 4.45 

27 .............. 4.2 ~05 3.65 3.60 4.0 4.6 4.35 5.0 4.55 4.0 4.3 4.4 

28 .............. 4.2 4.05 3.55 . ........... ............. ............ 4.45 5.0 4.6 4.1 4.35 4.45 29 .............. 4.2 3.95 4.4 "3:40· .. ......... ........... 4.4 5.1 4.7 4.15 4.35 4.3 

30 .............. 4.0 3.95 3.85 ............ ·--s:o· 4.55 5.2 4. 75 4.05 4.15 4.2 

31 .............. -4.05 ........... 3.80 ............ . ........ .. .......... 4.9 . ............ 4.25 4.45 .. ............ 

NOTB.-Dlscharge relation a1fected by ice about Oct. 19-23, 1913, aud Dec. 1, 1913, to Apr. 19, 1914. 
HUDSON DAY DRA1NAG:'ffi AREA IN THE U:Nl'I'JilD STATES. 41 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn. ,for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept: 

----------------------

1 .............. 175 169 ····--- -----·- -----·- -----·- ------- 375 515 515 212 340 

2 •...•......••. 183 131 ....... ------- ------- -·----- ---·-·- 412 472 431 274 242 

3 .••••••...•... 183 274 ....... ------- ------- -----·- --·-·-- 340 515 412 212 274 

4 .............. 143 290 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------· 393 515 375 274 242 

5 .............. 119 274 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 452 538 340 197 242 

6 ............... 227 258 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 452 560 452 227 242 

7 .............. 212 258 ------- ------- ------- ----·-· ·------ 431 650 431 212 227 

8 .............. 258 290 ------- ------- ----·-- ------- ------- 452 650 472 175 306 

9 .............. 290 143 ------- ------- ------- ------- ··----- 452 695 412 242 242 

10 .............. 227 197 ------· ------- ------· ------- ------- 431 1,170 357 197 274 

11 .............. 212 242 ....... ----·-- ------- ------- ·------ 452 1,170 431 180 290 

12 .............. 164 197 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 431 1,050 340 189 290 

13 .............. 183 183 ------- ------- --····· ------- ....... 357 840 375 189 306 

14 .............. 258 169 ------- ------- ------- --·---- ------- 323 695 290 212 306 

15 .............. 227 274 ------- ---·-·· ------- ·----·- ------- 375 650 393 242 290 

16 .............. 306 169 ------- ----··· ···---- ··-···· ------- 340 472 306 212 274 

17 .............. 242 169 ------- ------- ....... ------- ---·-·· 323 650 323 197 274 

18 .............. 258 156 ------· ---·-·· ·------ ....... ------· 37.1 472 258 175 340 

19 .............. 97 169 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 340 393 323 169 340 

20 .............. 212 143 ----·-- ----·-· ---·--- ------- 515 412 357 306 136 323 

21. ............. 197 212 ------- ------- ------- ------- 560 605 452 306 161 340 

22 .............. 97 227 ·------ ·------ ------- -··---- 472 695 494 242 180 323 

23 .............. 212 183 ------· ------- ------- ------- 431 650 472 258 136 340 

24 .............. 227 212 ------- --·---· -··---- ....... 412 605 340 258 323 340 

25 .............. 258 197 ------- ------- ------- ------- 393 605 375 258 274 340 

26 .............. 131 242 ·-··--- ------- ------· ....... 274 515 393 180 306 340 

27 .............. 258 212 ------- -----·- ------· ------· 306 560 375 197 290 323 

28 .............. 258 212 ------- ------- ....... ------- 340 560 393 227 306 340 

29 .............. 258 183 ------- -----·- ------· ---···· 323 605 431 242 306 290 30 .............. 197 183 ------- ....... ------- ···---- 375 650 452 212 242 258 

31. ............. 212 ------- ------- ------- ------- -·----- ------- 515 274 340 

NOTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 47 and 2,960 secondfeet (gage heights, 3.3 and 8.5 feet). Daily discharge, Oct. 19--23, 1913, estimated because of ice. 

Discharge estimatedii because of ipe, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and 

climatic records, as fo ows: 1 

Dec. 1-15 140 second-feet; Dec. 16-31, 83 second-feet; Jan. 1-15, 140 second-feet; Jan. 16-31, 110 secondfeet; Feb. l-15, 100 second-feet; Feb. 16-28, 105 second-feet; Mar. 1-15, 220 second-feet; Mar. 16-31, 210 

second-feet.; and Apr. 1-19, 490 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Discharge in second-feet. AcMonth. enMaximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. 

October....................................... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . 306 97 

November..................................................... 290 131 December ............................................................................ .. 

t~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: ~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ........ 695" ........ 323" 

i~ii:£.::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1·m ~ig September..................................................... 340 227 

The year ............................................... .. 1,170 

209 B. 

207 B. 111 c. 125 c. 102 c. 215 c. 

457 c. 467 B. 574 B. 

329 B. 225 B. 

297 B. 

277 
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

RED LAKE RIVER AT CROOKSTON, MINN. 

Location.-At new Sampson's addition highway bridge in Crookston, Minn., leBB 

than one-fourth mile below the dam and power house of the Crookston Waterworks, Power & Light Co.; no tributaries within several miles. 

Records available.-May 19, 1901, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-5,320 square miles. 

Gage.-Automatic gage installed in September, 1911, replacing chain gage which 

was attached to the new Sampson's addition bridge July 1, 1909. Chain gage 

was set to ~ead the same as the original gage, which was fastened to the bridge 20 

rods above~ A vertical staff near the automatic reads to the same datum as the 

gages previously used. Limits of use: Hundredths below 4.5, half-tenths 4.5 to 

7 .0, and tenths above 7.0 feet. · 

Channel and controL-Changes slightly from year to year. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from new bridge. 

Winter fl.ow.-Discharge relation affected by ice. Estimates are based on discharge 

measurements, gage heights, and climatic records. 

Regulation.-Operation of power plant causes fluctuations in the water surface. 

Accuracy.-Automatic gage should give good results. 

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- G~ Dis- Date. Made by- G~e Disheig t. charge. helg t. charge. 

Feet. Sec.jt. Feet. Sec.[t. 

Oct. 18 E.F.Chandler ..•...•.. 3.84 427 May 16 Ole Chrlstiallson ••••••• 5.28 1,200 

Dec. 22 Ole Christianson .••..•. 2.64 a54.5 June 8 ..... do ..••••.•..••••••• 5.48 1,240 

Jan. 5 ..... do .••.••............ 3. 62 b 147 July 11 E.F.Chfmdler ••..••••. 5.48 1,280 

Feb 10 ..... do .•••....•........ 3.38 b 76.7 Aug. 25 ..... do •••••..•.•••.•.•. 3.37 358 

Apr. 26 ..... do .•••............. 4.32 684 

a Slll.all quantity of moss on river bed. b Complete Ice cover. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

[1. A. Wallace, observer.] - Day. _pet. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Hay. JUlie. July. Aug. Sept.. -------------------- 1. ............. 13.23 3.44 3.50 3.50 4.35 3.82 5.25 4.7 5.8 6.0 3.71 3. 75 

2 .•••....•..... 3.18 3.66 3.48 3. 74 4.02 3.84 5.95 4.9 5.6 6.2 3.61 3. 70 

3 ......•..•.... 3.35 3.42 3.22 3.56 3.97 4.32 6.75 4.8 5.05 5.95 3.55 3.85 

4 .....•.••.•... 3.39 3. 52 3. 32 3.46 4.03 4.17 7.2 4.55 5.35 6.0 3.48 3.80 

5 ..•.•.•.....•. 13.52 3.54 3.38 3.62 4.11 4.55 7.3 ······- 5.15 5.95 3.40 3.80 

6 ....•.••.••••. 3.47 3.48 3.08 3.64 3.99 4.24 7.0 .. ....... 5.25 5.85 3.62 3.90 

7 .....•.••••... 13.42 3.48 3. 25 3. 77 4.16 4.16 6.8 5.25 5.95 3.54 3.90 

8 •.•.••..•••.•. 3.64 3. 74 3.10 3. 74 4.35 4.47 6.4 4.~ 5.5 5.6 3.53 3.80 

9 .•••.•.••••••. 3.64 3.42 3.14 3.68 4.00 3.94 6.0 5.25 . ....... 5.35 3.30 3.95 

10 .........•..•. 3.82 3.10 3.18 3.79 3.85 4.36 5.65 5.0 ............. 5.15 3.36 3.80 

11 ......•....... 8.94 3.04 3.02 3.84 3. 75 4.42 5.6 .4.95 7.0 5.25 3.33 3.85 

12 .•.•...••.•... 3. 70 3.30 2.95 3. 74 ............ 4.38 5.15 4. 75 7.3 5.05 3.41 3.80 

13 .••••••••.•... 3.46 3.28 2. 76 3.68 ............. .............. 5.2 4.85 7.3 5.05 3.39 3.55 

14 •..•••.•.•..•. 3.48 3.26 3.28 3.57 ............. .......... 5.05 5.0 7.1 4.95 3.35 3.85 

15 ..••.•••••• · ... 3.52 3.36 3.28 3. 76 .............. ............. 5.25 4.7 6.55 4.55 3.40 3.90 

16 .•..•.••••••.. .............. 3.40 2.95 3.59 .. ......... -·5:25· 5.6 4.9 6.4 4.6 3.31 3.90 

17 ...••.••...... ........... 3.62 3.20 3.38 .. ........... 6.25 4.2 5.11 4.55 3.35 3.90 

18 ...•.•.•.•.... 3.84 3.50 3.08 3.85 5.25 6.35 4.8 5.9 4.6 3.47 3.60 

19 ...••....•..•. 3.68 3.60 3.10 3.96 4.29 5.2 5. 75 4.1 5.65 4.5 3.42 3.85 

20 ...••.....•.•. 3. 72 3.25 3.18 4.02 4.20 5.35 5.6 A.7 5.5 4. 75 3.43 3.55 

21. ••••.•••••••• 3.26 3.30 3.15 4.33 4.04 5.6 5.5 4.95 5.45 4.55 3.42 4.00 22 •.•••••••••••• 3.47 3.42 3.08 3.98 4.40 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.5 4.7 3.48 a.oo 23 •••••••••••••• 3.56 3.28 3.30 4.14 4.02 5.05 5.4 5.85 5.4 4.85 3.35 3.95 

24 .•••.••.••• : •• 3.47 3.20 3.18 4. 34 4.65 5.15 6.1 5.5 4.6 3.50 4.00 

25 ..•••.•••••.•. ............ 3.30 3.56 3.90 4.12 4.9 4. 75 6.05 5.4 4.48 3.311 3.90 

26 ..•••••••••.•. 3.50 3.22 3.15 4.03 4.35 4.85 4.65 5.9 5.05 4.01 3.50 4.00 

27 ..•••••••••.•• 3. 72 3.50 3.18 3.88 4.26 4.7 4.85 5.55 5.55 4.06 3.65 3.85 

28 •.•...••.•..•• 3. 72 3.40 2. 72 4.00 4. 01 4.46 4.45 5.35 5.45 4.19 3.63 3.ll5 

29 •••....•.•..•• 3.08 . 3.32 2.96 4.20 ............ 4.7 4.39 5.4 5.55 4.24 3. 77 3.90 

30 .••..•..•...•. 3.17 3.42 3.11 4.03 ........ 4.6 4.6 5.6 5.8 3.61 3.93 3.70 

31. •..•.•.•...•. 3.28 ........... 3.35 4.10 .. ........... 4.65 .. .......... 5.8 ............. 3.54 3.63 . ........... 

NOTE.-' Discharge relation affected by Ice about Dec. 11, 1913,to Apr. 9, 1914. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 43 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn.,for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. 

I 

Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. -July. Aug. Sept. 

-------------------------------

1. ............. 210 279 299 ....... ······· ....... --····· 88a 1,470 1,610 421 517 2 ......•....... 194 358 292 ------· ·------ ------- ........ 996 1,340 1, 750 381 490 3 .............. 248 272 206 ------- ------- -----·- ···---- 932 990 1,580 362 559 4 •••••••••..•••. 262 306 239 ------- ---·-·· ........ 795 1,170 1,620 339 536 5 ............... 306 313 258 ------- ------- ------- -··---- a849 1,040 1,580 313 536 

6 ............... 289 292 166 ------- ------- ······· --····- a902 1,100 1,520 358 583 7 ............... 272 292 216 ....... -·----- ....... --·---· a955 1,100 1,580 369 583 8 .............. 350 389 171 ------- ·------ ------- ------- 1,010 1,250 1,360 369 536 9 .............. 350 272 183 -·----- ······· ------- ------- 1,190 at, 600 1,200 289 606 10 .............. 421 171 194 ------- ------- ------- 1,450 1,040 a1,960 1,080 310 531 

11 ••.•......•.•. 473 155 :::::::1::::::: ······· --····· 1,410 1,010 2,310 1,140 303 554 12 .............. 373 232 1,130 894 2,550 1,020 335 531 13 ............... 285 226 1,160 949 2,550 1,g~g 331 421 14 ............... 292 219 ······· ------- ------- ------- 1,070 1,030 2,390 317 554 15 .............. 306 252 ·------ ------- ------- ------- 1,190 861 1,980 756 339 578 

16 ..•••......... a 347 265 ······· ·------ ---···· ------· 1,420 972 1,870 784 310 578 17 ......•....... a 388 343 ······· ------- ··--·-- ------- 1,870 597 1,520 762 328 573 18 ........•.•... 430 299 ····--- ······· --·-··· ······· 1,940 905 1,520 795 373 438 19 ..•........... 365 335 ....... ······· ······· ....... 1,520 540 1,370 746 358 550 20 ..•••.•....... 381 216 ·····-- ------- ------- ······· 1,430 844 1,2"70 888 365 417 

21. ...•.•••..... 219 232 ::::::r::::: -·--·-- ······· 1,370 978 1,240 778 365 621 22 .....••.•..... 289 272 ------- ······· 1,300 1,320 1,270 866 389 573 23 .............. 321 226 ······- ······· 1,300 1,540 1,210 954 343 597 24 ......•....... 289 200 ······· ······· ····-·- ······· 1,~~ 1, 700 1,280 822 405 616 25 .............. a294 232 ······· ······· ···-··· ....... 1,670 1,210 756 331 568 

26 .............. 299 206 ------- ······- ·-····- ....... 861 1,560 1,000 531 409 616 27 .............. 381 299 ....... ....... ······- ······· 972 1,330 1,310 559 473 545 28 .•............ 381 265 ····--· ....... ······· ------- 751 1,190 1,250 626 464 592 29 .............. 166 239 

:::::::::::::::r:::::::::::: 715 1,220 1,320 650 527 568 30 .............. 191 272 828 1,350 1,480 373 602 477 31. ............. 226 1,470 ....... 350 464 ....... 

a Interpolated. 

NOTE.-Daily discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Dec. 10, 1913, from a fairly well defined rating curve; Apr. 10 to Sept. 30, 1914, by the indirect method for shifting channels. 

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights observer's notes, discharge measurements, and 

climatic records, as follows: Dec. 11-31, 160 second-feet; Jan. 1-15, 180 second-feet; Jan. 16-31, 225 secondfeat; Feb. 1-15, 190 second-feet; )<'eb. 16-28, 220 second-feet; Mar. 1-15, 300 second-feet; Mar. 16-31, 600 second-feet; and Apr. 1-9, 1,770 ~cond-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Red LMe River at Crookston, Minn., for the year ending 'Sept. 30, 

1914. 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Mont)l. 1-----.----...--'---IAccuracy. 

Maximum. Minimum. 

October ........................... '.............................. 473 166 November. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 389 155 December ............................................................................. . January ................................................................ · ............... . 

~~~~~~·.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

il~L~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~: :::; ~:; ~; ~: . -.-.-~i!~- -...... -~- September..................................................... 621 417 

Theyear ..............................................................•......•.•. 

Mean. 

310 B. 264 B. 180 c. 203 D. 204 D. 455 D. 1,390 c. 

1,080 B. 1,500 B. 1,000 B. 376 B. 548 B. 

626 
44 Strlt:I!'ACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

THmF RIVER NEAR THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINN. 

Location.-In sec. 3, T. 154 N., R. 43 W., at the Drybrqoke ford, 6 miles north of 

Thief River Falls. Nearest tributary, outlet of Mud Lake, which enters in the 

northeastern part ofT. 156 N., R. 42 W. 

Records available.-July 1, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-1,010 square miles. 

Gage.-Inclined staff installed S_eptember 4,,1913, to replace old inclined staff, which 

was set at incorrf'ct datum; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. 

Limits of use: Hundredths below 5.5, half-tenths from 5.5 to 6.5, and tenth,g 

above 6.5 feet. See Water-Supply Paper 325 for history of old gage. All gage 

heights in the following tables refer to original gage datum. 

Channel and controL-Practically permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from highway bridge a short distance below 

gage. 

Winter :flow.-Discharge measurements made through the ice to determine winter 

flow. 

Regulation.-Dam at Thief River Falls, at the mouth of Thief River, backs up the 

water in Thief River for several miles, but station is protected by rapids below 

from influence of dam. During 1910 and 1911 drainage work has been carried on 

extensively in Thief River basin, and the effect will be to modify the regimen of 

the river. The extremely low flow of 1910 and 1911 was due partly to the holding 

back of the run-off by temporary dams for use of the floating dredges above the 

station. 

Accuracy.-See remarks under "Gage." 

Discharge measurements of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., during the year 

ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

' 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- h~t Disheight. charge. charge. 

---

Feet. See.-ft. Feet. Sec.{t. 

Apr. 22 L. W. Burdick •.•.•.... 5.41 204 July 10 E. F. Chandler ......... 4.99 88 June 13 W. B. Stevenson ....... 5.89 326 Aug. 27 ..... do ................. 4.79 a 52 

a Measurement made by wading. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 45 I 

I 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minp,. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[H. J. Maland and T. H. Risteigen, observers.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. ---------------- 1. ............. 4.10 4.40 4.48 ------- ------- ------- 5.85 4.82 5.22 2 ..•..••....... 4.11 4.48 4.50 ····--- ------- ------- 7.2 4.89 5.00 3 .............. 4.10 4.52 4.42 ------- ------- ------- 6.9 4.95 5.48 4 .............. 4.12 4.40 4.38 ------- ------- --·---- ------- 5.02 5.10 5 .............. 4.19 4.34 4.45 ------- ------- ------- -······ 5.08 5.16 

6 .............. 4.25 4.42 4.65 ------- ------- ....... ------- 5.18 5.14 7 .............. 4.25 4.48 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 5.14 5.15 1! .•.•.•.•..•.•. 4.26 4.48 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 5.14 5.18 9 .............. 4.32 4.52 ------- ------- ------- --·---- ------- 5.14 5.8 10 .............. 4.40 4.60 ------- ···---- ----·-· --····· ------- 5.10 7.2 

11 .............. 4.42 4.50 ------- ------- ------- ....... --·---- 5.10 7.2 12 .............. 4.50 4.42 ------- ------- ------- --·---- 5.85 5.10 6.35 13 .............. 4.48 4.40 ·····-- --····· ------- ------- 6.05 5.03 5.85 14 ............•. 4.42 4.20 ........ ....... ······· -----·- 6.5 4.99 5.55 15 .....•........ 5.04 4.30 ......... ........ --·---- . ....... 6.45 4.91 5.39 

16 .............. 4.80 4.35 ···---- ....... ------- ....... 5.85 4.84 5.34 17 .... : ......... 4.41 4.40 ......... ---·--· ·-·---- 4.80 5.34 4.82 5.16 18 .........•.... 4.41 4.42 ......... ·------ ------- 4.65 5.18 4. 79 5.10 19 .•..........•. 4.32 4.45 ··----- ------- ------- 4.48 4.86 4.82 5.08 20 ............... 4.30 4.50 ......... ······- ------- 4.40 5.44 5.31 5.01 

21. ............. 4.30 4.48 ·····-- ------- ------- 4.32 5.47 5.7 4.99 22 ...•....••.... 4.30 4.55 ........ ------- ------- 4.22 5.39 5. 75 4.93 23 ............... 4.26 4.60 ···---- ------· ------- 4.15 5.25 5.6 4.9,1 24 .............. 4.25 4.55 ............ ........ ·····-· 4.10 5.12 5.46 4.86 25 .............• 4.38 4.50 .......... --·-··· ........ 4.08 5.00 5.45 4.82 

26 .............. 4.48 4.58 .......... ........ ------- 4.18 4.92 5.25 4.82 27 .............. 4.42 4.42 ···---- ........ ------· . ....... 4.89 5.22 4.90 28 ....•......... 4.15 4.40 4.50 ------- ....... ······- 4.89 5.19 4.91 

29 .............. 4.38 4.42 ------- ........ ....... ........ 4.80 5.49 4.92 30 .............. 4.40 4.48 ---···· ······- ·····-· 4.50 4.82 5.55 5.01 31. ............. 4.42 ------- ....... ·-·-·-· ····-·- 5.00 . ....... 5.43 -------

NOTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 5, 1913, to Apr. 11, 1914. 

July. Aug. 

----

5.01 4.43 5.00 4.43 4.98 4.43 4.93 4.37 5.16 4.34 

5.34 4.38 5.23 4.38 5.22 4.26 5.11 4.26 5.06 4.30 

4.90 4.26 4.84 4.26 4.84 4.15 4.76 4.25 4.84 4.22 

4.85 4.30 $.03 4.28 5.02 4.49 

4.91 4.53 4.84 4.43 

4.82 4.46 4.59 4.66 

4.66 4.53 

4.69 4.66 

4.54 4.85 

4.68 4.87 4.58 4.89 4.36 4.82 4.00 4.91 4.82 4.89 

4.49 4.89 

Sept. 

--

4.83 

4.8 4 4. 84 

4. 77 4.83 

4.f.S 

4.65 

4.67 

4. 68 

4.62 

4.51 

4. 

4. 7 

60 

8 4. 7 4 4. 72 

4. 7 8 4. 

4. 7 

84 

8 

9 

7 4.8 

4.8 

4.8 9 4.85 

4. 79 4.87 

4.84 

4.82 

4.84 

4.82 

4.81 

4. 78 

···--·· 

Daily discharge, in secondjeet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. I June. July. Aug. Sept. 

!. ............. 11 22 26 56 139 90 20 58 2 .••••••••••••. 11 26 27 ........... ........... .......... ........ 67 88 88 20 59 3 .•.••••••••••. 11 28 23 ........... .......... ........... ......... 78 207 84 20 59 4 ..••••••••••.• 12 22 21 ............ ........... -······ ····--· 92 110 75 18 49 5 .••••••••.•••. 14 20 24 ......... ......... ....... ------- 106 124 124 17 58 

6 .••••••••••••. 15 23 .......... ........... ............ .. ........ -··--·· 129 120 169 18 33 7 •.•••.••••••.. 15 26 ······- ......... .......... ........ ......... 120 122 142 18 35 8 ...•..••.••... 15 26 .......... .......... .. ........... .......... -······ 120 129 139 14 37 9 ..••..•.•.•... 19 28 ......... .......... .. ....... --····· ......... 120 300 112 14 38 10 .••.•.•••••.•. 22 33 .......... ......... ·····-- ···---- ......... 110 725 101 15 32 

11 ••.•••.•••••.. 23 27 ......... ............ .. ......... . ....... 110 725 69 14 24 12 .•..•••.•.••.. 27 23 ........ ........ ........ .......... 308 110 452 59 14 30 13 .•.•...•...... 26 22 ........ ........... .......... -·····- 364 95 308 59 11 50 14 .....•.•...•.. 23 14 ···-··· ........ .......... ........ 496 86 226 48 14 45 15 .......•...... 73 18 ···-··· ........... ........... ............ 481 71 182 59 13 43 

16 ...•..••...... 48 20 .......... ......... ........ ........ 308 59 169 61 15 50 17 .....•..•..... 22 22 ........ ............ ........ ........ 169 56 124 93 15 59 18 ...•..•....... 22 23 ............ ............ ......... ......... 129 52 110 90 23 50 19 ...•.••••.•... 19 24 ....... ........ ......... ......... 63 56 106 71 25 67 20 ..••••••...... 18 27 ......... ......... ........ .......... 196 162 90 59 20 64 

21. ..•••••••...•. 18 26 ......... ........... . ......... ......... 204 266 86 56 21 67 

22 •••••••••••••• 18 30 .......... ........... .......... . .......... ·182 280 75· 29 36 61 

23 ...•..•.•.•... 15 33 ........ ........ ......... ......... 146 239 71 36 25 52 24 ..........•... 15 30 ------· .......... ........... ......... 115 201 63 39 36 64 

25 .....•..••.•.. 21 27 .......... ........... .......... .......... 88 198 56 26 61 59 

26 ....•.•.••.... 26 31 ....... ........... .......... . ....... 73 146 56 38 64 56 

27 ......•••..... 23 23 ----·-· ........ ·····-· -----·· 67 139 69 29 67 59 28 ......•.•..... 13 22 ......... ........ ........ ···-··· 67 132 71 18 56 56 

29. ············· 21 23 --····· ·------ ......... ···---- 53 209 73 7 71 ,';5 

30 ......•....... 22 26 ........ ······- ......... 56 226 90 56 67 50 

31. .••••••••.•.. 23 ........ ........ -······ ------- . ......... ......... 193 23 67 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined below 11700 second-feet (gage height.z_JO.O feet). Discharge estimated because of ice, from observer's notes and climatic records as follows: JJec. 6-31, 14 second-feet; Jan. 1-15, 9 second feet; Jan. 16-31, 2 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 1 second· 

foot; Mar.l-31, 3 s~cou\Heet; and Apr. 1-11, 75 second-feet. 
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, P~RT V. 

Monthly discharge of Thuf River near Thuf River Falls, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 

' 30, 1914. . 

[Dmlnage area, 1,010 square miles.) a 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 1----~--~---rAccuMaximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. 

October........................................................ 73 11 21.3 A. 

24.8 c. ~:::~:.-:.:::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -0 0 0 0 0 0 .. ~~- ......... ~:. 15 

5 

1 

3 

January ................ , ............................................................ _ .. 

~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: 

146 c. 

132 A. 

176 A. ~~~:: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ira -·-------52· 

June........................................................... 725 56 

69.3 A. 

29.3 A. 

50.6 A. ~~~i_-.-.-.-:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~i 1i 

September..................................................... 67 24 

The year ................................................ . 496 .......... .. 56.1 

a "Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth iu iuches") are not published because such estimates would be misleading on account of the large amount of swamp and recently drained land in the 

basin of Thief River. 

CLEARWATER RIVER AT RED LAKE FALLS, MINN. 

Location.-At Great Northern Railway bridge at Red Lake Falls, Minn., about 1! 

miles above mouth of river and 2 miles below nearest tributary. 

Records available.-June 18, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-1,310 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff installed September 12, 1911, about half a mile downstream 

from original gage; set to read 2.23 feet when original gage read 5.83 feet; read 

daily, morning and evening, to tenths. Limits of use: Half-tenths below and 

tenths above 4.5 feet. Staff was placed on account of the building of a dam 

which causes several feet of backwater at the original section. 

Channel and controL-Practically permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the railroad bridge or by wading. 

Winter :flow.-River usually frozen over from middle of November to first of April. 

Discharge measurements made through the ice. 

Regulation.-At low stage the flow is affected by the Steinert mill 40 rods above 

gage, but as the storage is small only slight fluctuation in stage is caused. 

Accuracy.-Daily discharge for September and October, 1911, as published in WaterSupply Paper 305, is too large, as indicated by the discharge measurement made 

on September 13, 1911. Daily discharge for this period as published in the 

following tables is more accurate. 

Discharge mea8Urements of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., during the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- G';te Disheight. charge. heig t. charge. 

Feet. Sec.'/t. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

Oct. 21 W. B. Stevenson ........ 2.37 a89.4 ~r.22 L. W. Burdick .......... 3.44 485 

Jan. 2 Ole Christianson ........ 2.41 b 42.3 ay 11 W. B. Stevenson ........ 3.56 532 

Feb. 7 ..... do ................... 4.75 b 83.9 July 22 E. F. Chandler .......... 3.43 420 

Mar. 12 ..... do ................... 5.13 b 57.9 22 ..... do ................... 3.41• 460 

Apr. 21 L. W •. Burdick ......... -. 3.52 515 Ang.28 ..... do ................... 2.77 187 

c&lce along shores of river. b River froze~~ over. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 47 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Clearwater River at Red Lalce Falls, 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Minn., for the year ending 

[Leo Steinert, observer.} 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. .............. 2.35 2.4 2.45 ~ ...... ·····-· -·····- 3.3 3. 7 4.45 3.1 2.9 2 .............. 2.35 2.4 2.45 2.41 . ....... ....... ·····-- 3.3 3.65 4.4 3.0 2.9 

3 .............. 2.35 2.4 2.5 ------- ······· ........... ·····-- 3.3 3.6 4.1 2.95 2.9 4 ...•.......... 2.35 2.4 2.4 . ........ ···-··· .......... .......... 3.3 3.55 4.1 2.85 2.9 

5 .............. 2.25 2.4 2.4 --····· ............ ........... .. ........ 3.3 3.55 4.1 2.8 2.9 

.6 .............. 2.25 2.35 2.35 ····-·· ......... ........... 3.3 3.55 4. [ 2.8 2.9 7 .............. 2.4 2.35 2.4 ------- 4.8 ---·-·· ........... 3.4 3.5 4.1 2. 7 2.85 

8 ............•. 2.4 2.35 2.3 --····· ·····-- ------- ........... 3.45 3.55 4.0 2.7 2.8 

9 .............. 2.5 2.35 2.25 ------- ··----- ------- ............. 3.6 3.8 3.9 2.65 2. 75 10 •.•....•...... 2.55 2.35 2.3 ........... ......... ----·-- ........... 3.55 4.2 3.9 2.6 2.8 

11 ••.•......•... 2.6 2.4 2.35 ···--·· .......... . ........... 3.5 4.6 3.9 2.65 2. 7 12 .............. 2.6 2.35 2.35 ------- ·····-- 5.1 ........... 3.45 4.6 3.$5 2. 7 2. 7 13 .............. 2.7 2.4 2.35 --·---- --·---- ------- .......... 3.4 4. 7 3. 75 2. 7 2.8 14 ••..•••••••••. 2.6 2.35 2.35 --·---· .......... ......... ------- 3.3 4.6 3. 75 2.6 2.8 

15 .............. 2.6 2.35 2.35 ------- ------- .......... 3.45 3.25 '4.5 3.G5 2.6 2.8 

16 •.•........... 2.6 2.35 2.35 --·--·· ......... ------- 3.5 3.25 4.3 3.6 2.5 2.8 

17 ..•........... 2.7 2.4 2.35 ------- .......... ·····-- 3.3 3.2 4.25 3.6 2.7 2.8 

18 .......•...... 2. 7 2.35 2.35 --····· .......... ......... 3.45 3.15 4.1 3.65 2.7 2.8 

19 ...•.....•.... 2.6 2.35 2.35 --·-··· ------- ---·-·· 3.55 3.2 4.1 3.6 2. 7 2.8 20 .••••••••••••• 2.6 2.4 2.35 ------· ........ ......... 3.5 3.3 4.1 3.45 2.55 2.8 

21. •............ 2.5 2.25 2.35 --·---- ------- ------- 3.45 3.85 4.0 3.4 2.5 2.8 22 .......•...... 2.55 2.25 2.35 --·--·· ·····-- ··--·-- 3.4 4.15 4.0 3.4 2.5 2.8 

23 •............. 2.5 2.25 2.35 . ...... ···-··· ···-··· 3.4 4.2 4.0 3.4 2.55 2.8 24 .............. 2.5 2.25 2.35 --·--·· .......... ........ 3.4 4.2 4.0 3.35 2. 7 2.8 25 •••••••••••••• 2.5 2.25 -····-- ·-·-··· -----·- -·-···· 3.4 4.0 4.05 3.3 2.8 2.8 

26 .•....•....... ~-5 2.35 .......... ........ ............ .. ......... 3.35 3.9 4.15 3.25 2.8 2.8 

27 ...•.......... 2.5 2.4 ............ .......... ......... ···-··- 3.3 3.85 4.2 3.15 2.8 2.8 

28 .............. 2.5 2.4 ......... .......... .......... .. ...... 3.3 3.8 4.3 3.15 2.8 2.8 29 .••.••••••••.. 2.45 2.4 ......... .......... ........ ···-··· 3.3 3. 75 4.45 3.15 2.8 2. 7 30 .............. 2.4 2.4 ......... ......... ------- ·····-· 3.3 3.8 4.5 3.15 2.8 2.65 

31. .•.....•..... 2.4 .......... ......... ........ ·····-· ······- ........ 3.8 3.15 2.85 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Oct. 19-23, 1913, and Dec. 1, 1913, to Apr. 17, 1914~ 
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn. ,for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ••••••••••••• 96 104 ~ ..... -. ------- ······- . ...... ------- 400 612 1,120 307 229 

2 .............. 96 104 ....... ....... ------- . ...... ------- 400 584 1,080 266 229 

3 .............. 96 104 ------- ------- ·····-- ....... ....... 400 556 895 247 229 4 .............. 96 104 ------- ........ ------- . ...... ------- 400 529 860 212 229 5 .............. 81 104 ------- --····· ........ ....... ....... 400 529 860 196 229 

6 .............. 81 96 -----·- ····-·· ........ ------- ------- 400 529 860 196 229 7 .............. 104 96 ------- ······· -----·- ....... ....... 450 502 860 167 212 

8 .............. 104 96 ------- -······ ........ ....... ------· 476 529 795 167 196 

9 .............. 126 96 ------- ------- ------- ....... ------- 556 670 730 11)4 181 10 .............. 138 96 ------- ------· ------- ....... ---···· 529 930 730 142 196 

11 .............. 151 104 ....... ------· ···---- ....... ----··· 502 1 250 730 11)4 167 12 .............. 151 96 ------- ------- ------- ....... ------- 476 1;250 700 167 167 13 .............. 180 104 ....... -······ ------- ------- ------- 450 1,340 641 167 196 14 .............. 151 96 ------- ....... ······· ....... ------- 400 1,250 641 142 196 15 .............. 151 96 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------· 376 1,160 584 142 196 

16 .............. 151 96 ------- ------- --···-- ------- ------- 376 1,000 556 120 196 17 .............. 180 104 -----·- ------- ------- ------- 352 965 556 167 196 

18 .•..•••••••••. 180 96 ------- ------- ------- ------- 476 330 860 584 167 196 

19 .............. 138 96 ------- ------- ······· ------- 529 352 860 556 167 196 20 .............. 138 104 ------- ------- ------· ------- 502 400 860 476 131 196 

21. ............. 104 81 ------- ------- ........ ------- 476 700 795 450 120 196 22 .............. 126 81 ------- ------- ------- ------- 450 895 795 450 120 196 

23 .............. 115 81 ------- ------- ------- ------- 450 930 795 450 131 196 24 .............. 126 81 ------- ------- ------- ------- 450 930 795 425 167 196 

25 .............. 126 81 ------- ------- ------- ------- 450 795 830 400 196 196 

26 .............. 126 96 ........ ------- --·---- ......... 425 730 895 376 196 196 

27 .............. 126 104 ------- ------· ------- ........ 400 700 930 330 196 196 

28 .............. 126 104 ------- ------- ------- --- ~- .. - 400 670 1,000 330 196 196 29 .............. 115 104 ------- ------- -----·- ------- 400 641 1,120 330 196 167 30 .............. 104 104 ------- --·---· ------- ......... 400 670 1,160 330 196 11)4 

31. ............. 104 ------- ------- ····-·· ------- .......... ......... 670 330 212 

NoTE.-Daily discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 30, 1913, and Apr. 18 to Sept. 30, 1914, from two well-defined rating curves; Oct. 19-23, 1913, estimated on account of ice, from discharge measurement made Oct. 21. , 

Discharge estimated because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes discharge measurements, and 

climatic records, as follows: Dec. 1-15, 76 second-feet; Dec. 16-31, 1)4 second-feet; Jan. 1-15, 50 second-feet; 

Jan. 16-31, 60 second-feet; Feb. 1-15, 75 second-feet; Feb. 16-28, 68 second-feet; Mar. 1-15, 60 second-feet; 

Mar. 16-31, 90 second-feet; and Apr. 1-17, 200 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn.,/or the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 1,310 square miles.].a 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 1----.----,....---IAccu· racy. Maximum. Minimum. 

October................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 180 81 

November..................................................... 104 81 December .............................................................•..•..••••.•.•... January .............................................................................. .. 

~~~~=-·.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: ~;~:::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: gro ...... "aao· 

i~f~sL :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: };~~ ~g September. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 11)4 

Theyear................................................. 1,340 ........... . 

Mean. 

125 A. 

97 A. 65 D. 

55 D. 72 D. 75 D. 307 D. M1 A. 

863 B. 613 A. 178 A. 198 A. 

266 

a Because of the large amount of swamp land, some of which Is being drained artlftclaUy:, in the area above 

this station estimates of "run-off in second-feet 'per square mile" ®d "ruu-otr (depth in inQhes on drainage area)" would be misleading if computed from tl!.i§ dr&illage are&. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 49 

SOUTH BRANCH OF TWO RIVERS AT HALLOCK, MINN. 

Location.-In sec. 12, T.161 N., R. 49 W., at private wagon bridge on farm of W. P. 

Willadson, half a mile north of Hallock; 1 mile below the confluence of the 

Middle Branch with the South Branch. 

Records available.-April 29, 1911, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-776 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff; read morning and afternoon to tenths; occasional readings • 

taken to half-tenths. Limits of. use: Hundredths below 2.5, half-tenths from 

2.5 to 4.0, and tenths above 4.0 feet. 

Channel and control.-Control, which is an abandoned loose-rock dam 4 feet high, 

a mile or more below the station, is probably permanent, The dam was formerly used to raise the water level for a railroad water tank. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the bridge. 

Winter flow.-From November to April river is frozen over; readings discontinued. 

Discharge measurements of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., during the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gate Dis- Date. Made by- Ga~ Disheig t. charge. heig t. charge. 

---

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Dec. 31 Ole Christianson •••••.. 2.20 a0.2 July 9 E. F. Chandler .•••.•••. 1. 96 23.5 

Apr. 18 W. B. Stevenson ....... 4.33 163 Aug. 26 ..... do ................. 1.53 9.1 

a Complete ice cover; discharge estimated. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[W. P. Willadson, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. I Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

!. ............. 1. 98 1.42 ....... 4.8 3.35 2.6 2.4 1.5 1.65 2 .............. 1. 78 1.52 ······· ....... ....... ....... 4.8 3. 2 2.5 2.35 1. 45 1.65 

3 .............. 1. 65 1.6 ....... ....... ....... ···-··· 4.5 3.2 2. 4 2.32 1. 45 1.65 4 .............. 1. 55 1.7 ....... ······- ------- --·---- 5.9 3.15 2.35 2.2 1.4 1.65 5 .............. 1. 5 1. 75 . ....... ........ ........ ···-··· 7. 7 3.15 2.35 2.2 1.35 1.62 

6 .............. 1.5 1. 78 ------- ······- ------- ------- 8.2 3.25 2.35 2.12 1. 32 1.6 7 .............. 1.5 1. 78 ........ ........ ······· ···---- 7. 7 3. 7 2.4 2.35 1. 25 1.55 

8 .............. 1.5 1.7 ~ ........... ............ ........... ........... 6.8 4.3 2.4 1. 45 1. 2 1.5 

9 .............. 1.5 1. 7 . .......... .......... .......... ------- 6.0 4.3 2.55 1.9 1.2 1.5 

10 .... ---------- 1.62 1. 75 ............ ......... .. ....... -. ------- 5. 7 4.0 2.55 1. 9 1.2 1.45 

11 .............. 2.0 1. 72 ............ ........... ............. ........... 5.6 3.6 2. 7 1. 9 1.2 1.4 

12 .. --------.. -- 2.28 1. 7 ........... ............ ............. 3.3 5.5 3.3 3.0 1.9 1.15 1.4 

13 .............. 2.15 1. 7 1.9 ......... ·-·---- 3.05 5.6 3.0 2.85 1. 9 1.1 1.4 

14 .............. 2.0 1. 7 ............ .. .......... 3.1 5. 4 2.95 2.8 1. 9 1.1 1.4 

15 .... ---------- 1.92 1. 7 ............ 2.25 . ........ 3.0 5.4 2.95 2.6 1. 85 1.1 1.4 

16 ...... ---- ... - 1. 9 1. 7 ............ .......... ···---- 3.4 5.4 2.8 2.55 1.85 1.1 1.4 

17 .............. 1.9 1. 75 ........... ............. ............ 3.5 4.4 2.8 2.5 1.85 1.1 1.45 

18 .............. 1. 9 1. 75 ............ .. .... .. ... ........... 3.45 4.2 2. 7 2.5 1.8 1.15 1.5 

19 .............. 1. 9 1. 75 ............ ............. 3.6 4.5 2.6 2.55 1. 75 1.2 1.5 20 .............. 1.82 1.8 2.1 .......... ........... 3.1 4.2 2.6 2.55 1. 7 1.2 1. 52 

21. ............. 1.85 1.8 ........... ............ ........... 3.0 4.2 2.6 2.55 1. 85 1.25 1. 77 

22 .... ---------- 1. 98 1.8 ............ ........... ............. 2.8 4.8 2.6 2.55 1.85 1.3 1.82 

23 .............. 1.88 1.85 ........... -.......... -·····- 2. 75 5.6 2.8 2.55 1.8 1. 35 1. 75 

24 .............. 1.8 1.85 ------- ............. .......... 2.9 6.4 2. 7 2.5 1. 75 1. 38 1. 75 

25 .... ---- ...... 1.8 1.9 ............ ······- --·---- 3.15 5.9 2.55 2.45 1. 7 1.5 1. 7 

26 ......... ----- 1.8 2.35 ........... .......... ......... 3.05 4.9 2.55 2.42 1.7 1. 5 1.7 

27 .............. 1.8 2.4 ........... ........... ------· 3.05 4.4 2.45 2.5 1.65 1.5 1.65 28 .............. 1. 78 2.8 ·-····- ........... 2.45 3.05 4.0 2.4 2.48 1.65 1.5 1. 65 29 .............. 1.6 2.2 . ........... ............ ···---- 3.05 3.8 2.6 2.4 1. 58 1. 55 1.65 

30 .............. 1. 5 2.2 .......... ............. .......... 3. 4 3.6 2. 7 2.35 1.5 1.6 1.65 

31. ............. 1. 4 ........... ........... ........... .......... 3.8 2.48 1.5 1.65 

J NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Nov. 23, 1913, to Apr. 15, 1914. 

97825° -WSP 385-15--4 
50 SURFACE WAT]JlR SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily discharge, insecond-feet, ofSouth Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., for the 

year ending Sept. 90, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. :May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ............. 18 1.4 .......... ........... ............ ............. ........... 104 56 46 8 12 

2 .•••••••.••.•• 11 3.6 ........... ......... ............ .. ....... ........... 94 51 43 6 12 

3 •••••.•••••••. 7.5 6.0 ......... ........ ........... .......... ............ 94 46 42 6 12 

4 ••••••••.••••• 4.5 9.0 ............ ........ .. ........ .. ........ 90 43 36 5 12 

5 •.••••.•.••••• 3.0 10 .......... ........ ........ ......... .. ........... 90 43 36 4 12 

6 •••••••••••••• 3.0 11 ............ ........ .......... ........ .. ........... 97 43 32 3 11 

7 •••••••••••••• 3.0 11 ............. ............ ............ . .......... .. ........... 130 46 43 2 9 

8 ..•••••.•.••.. 3.0 9.0 ............. .......... ............. .. .......... .. ............ 178 46 48 1 8 

9 •.•••••••••••• 3.0 9.0 ............. ......... ............ .. ......... .. .......... 178 53 22 1 8 

10 .••••••••••••• 6.6 10 ............ ............ .......... .. ......... .. .......... 154 53 22 1 6 

11 ..•••••..••..• 19 9.6 ........... ........... ............ .. ........ .. ......... 122 62 22 1 5 

12 .••••••••••••• 31 9.0 ........... ............ ........... .. ......... .. ........... 101 80 22 .7 5 

13 .••••••••••••• 25 9.0 ............ ........... .......... .. ......... .. ........ 80 71 22 .4 5 

14 .••••••••••••• 19 9.0 ........... ........... ....... . ......... .. ....... 77 68 22 .4 5 

15 .•••.••••••••• 16 9.0 .......... ........... .......... . ........ .. ....... 77 56 20 .4 5 

16 .•••.••••••••• 15 9.0 .......... ........... ........... .. .......... 260 68 53 20 .4 5 

17 .••••••••.••.. 15 10 .......... .......... .......... . ......... 172 68 51 20 .4 6 

.18 .••.•.•.••••.. 15 10 .......... .......... ........ . ........ 156 62 51 18 .7 8 

19 .•.•.•.••••••• 15 10 ........ .......... .......... .. ....... 180 56 53 16 1 8 20 •••••••••••••• 13 12 ....... ........ ......... 156 56 53 14 1 9 . 21. .•.•••.•.•••• 14 12 ....... ......... ......... ........... 156 56 53 20 2 17 22 .••••••••.••.• 18 12 ........ ......... . ......... ....... 205 56 53 20 3 19 

23 .••••••.•.•••• u ....... ......... . ....... . ......... ......... 280 68 53 18 4 16 

24 .•..•••••••••• 12 ........... ......... ........ ........ . ....... 367 62 51 16 5 16 

25 ..•••••••••••• 12 .......... .......... ........ ......... .. ......... 330 53 48 14 8 14 

26 •••••••••••••• 12 ......... ........ ........... ......... . ........ 231 53 47 14 8 14 27 •••••••••••••• 12 .......... .......... ......... ........... ........ 186 48 46 12 8 12 

28 ..•.•.•.•..••. 11 ........... ......... .......... .. ....... . ...... 154 46 50 12 8 12 

-29 .••••••••••••• 6.0 .......... ........... .......... ......... . ....... 138 56 46 10 10 12 

30 ...•.••••••... 3.0 ......... ............ ........ ......... ......... 122 62 43 8 11 12 

31 •••.•••. ~ ••.•• 1.0 .......... .......... ........ ........ . ....... ........... liO 8 12 ....... .;. .. _ 

NOTE.-Daily dlscharge determined 88 follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 22, 1913, and AJlr. 16-24, 1914, from a falrly well-defined. rating curve; Apr. 25 to ~t. 30 1914 from a ratl:iut curve well defined between 8 and 

1,140 second-feet (gall!! J:i~ts'-l.o and 14 feet); N'ov. 23-30, 1913, and":Mar. 12 to Apr. 15J 1914, estimated 

liecause of ice, by~of. E. F. uhandler, from daily gage height andcllmatio recordS ana. Dec. 1, 1913 _to 

Mar. 11, 1914, from cllmatic records, one discharge measurement made on Dec. 31, 1913, dlscharge of adJa- cent drilinage areas, and observer's reports on marked variation in discharge, 88 follows: Nov. 23-30 8 

second-feet; Dec. 1-15, 4 second-feet; Dec. 1&-a1, 1 second-foot; Ian. 1-31, 0.2 second-foot; Feb. 1-28, 0.1 

.second-foot; Mar. 1-15~ 0.5 ~d-foot; Mar. 1&-a1, 2.6 second-feet; and Apr. 1-15, 133 second-feet. 

These estimates are oosea on less complete data than estimates .at most statloils In this report and rep- resent only tb!l best available figures. · 

Monthly disCharge of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. SO, 1914. 

Discharge In second-feet. 

Month. 1------~----~-----1~ 

Ma.Jr:fD:mm. Mbrlmum. :Mean. l$J"f• 

October •.•.•.•..•.•................•......•.•.•.••.•.••••••.•• : 31 1. 0 

November ..•.....•.•.•.•......................•..•........•••..•••••••••••••••••••••.• December •••...........•.•...............•.....•.......••..•.•..••••••••••••••••••••••. 

Eo~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

te~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·::::::::::::::::::: . r~ ·······~··· 

ttc~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ :.4 

The year ....•.........................................................•...•.••... 

11.6 B. 

8.82 c. 

2.6 D. 

.2 

.1 

1.6. D. 

170 c. 

83.-i A. 

52.3 A. 

23.2 A. 

3.95 B. 

10.2 .B. 

30.5 . 

1 
HUDSON BA DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 51 

PE >:IBINA RIVER AT NECHE, N. DAK. 

Location.-At hi hwa bridge 20 rods east of Great Northern Railway bridge twothirds of a mil nor~ of Neche, N. Dale 

Records availabl~.-.1! pril29, 1903, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.- 2,94( square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical st ff Mlted to the concrete.abutment at the north end of the railway 

bridge. At low stages this gage is sometimes not reached by the water, and 

readings are th~n made on sections of vertical staff attached to the abut;ment and 

piling at the n rth Elnd of the highway bridge. 

Channel and con frol.-Channel consists of clay and silt; slightly shifting. A loose 

rock dam about one-third mile below gage forms the control (see remarks under 

"Regulation") 

Discharge meast rements.-Made from the highway bridge; at very low stages 

made by wadi gat some section below the Great Northern dam. 

Winter :dow.-Th~ ordinary winter discharge is less than the leakage through the 

loose-rock dam and estimates can not be made from gage observations without 

numerous disci: arge measurements. 

Regulation.-The water is raised at low stages from 1 to 2 feet at the gage by a looserock dam abou 3 feet high one-third mile below, constructed to give sufficient 

depth of water or the intake of the Great Northern Railway water tank. There 

is considerable eak~e through the dam, but no permanent determination of the 

.effect of the dam catn be made because it is liable to be somewhat disturbed at 

its crest by ice run qr spring :floods in any year. There are no reservoirs or power 

plants that affe t the :flow. 

Accuracy.-Recor< s only fair on account of the varying effect of the dam at low 

stages in differe~t years. 

Discharge 'TTUla&Uremen.ts of Pembina River at Neche, N. Dale., rfuring the year ending Sept. 

80, 1914. 

Date. Madeb - G~e Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Dlshe" t. charge. height. charge. 

--- -- Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Apr. 22 L.T.Powers ......... ~ ... 4.58 338 July 7 E. F. Chandler ......... 3.11 63 23 ..... do ........ ·····"!·-- 4.60 349 Sept. 1 ..... do .................. 2.48 12.3 

July 7 E. F. Cha.ndle ·------- 3.09 55 
52 SURFAC~ WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Daily gage height, infeet, of Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak.,for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

1. ..•.......... 

2 •••••••••••.•• 

3 ............. . 4 .•...•..•...•. 

5 ............. . 

2.8 

2.8 

2.8 

2.8 

2.8 

3.0 

3.4 

3.5 

3. 6 3. 7 

[P. J. Horgan, observer.] 

3.0 

4.0 

5.0 

6.0 

5.4 

6.............. 2.8 3.8 ..................... ·····•· 5.4 

7.............. 2. 7 3. 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2 

8.............. 2. 7 3. 8 . . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . 5. 5 

9.............. 2.7 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.5 

10.............. 2.7 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.0 

11.............. 2.7 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.8 

12.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.6 

13.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.4 

14.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.4 

15.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.5 

16.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.5 

17.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.7 

18.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.8 

19.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.5 4.6 

20.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.5 4.4 

21.............. 2.7 ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.5 4.5 

22.............. 2.7 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.5 

23.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.5 

24.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.4 

25.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.3 

26.............. 2.8 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.3 

27.............. 2.7 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.3 

28.............. 2.7 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.2 

29.............. 2.6 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.1 

30.............. 2.9 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4.1 

31. ............................................................ .. 

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3 

4.2 

4.2 

4.2 

4.1 

4.1 

4.0 

3.9 

3.9 

3.9 

3.9 

3.9 

3.9 

3.9 

3.9 

3.9 

3.9 

3.9 

3.9 

3.8 

3.8 

3.8 

3. 8 

3.8 

NoTE.-Discharge, relation affected by ice Nov. 9, 1913, to Apr. 17, 1914. 

3.8 3.3 2.7 2.5 

3.8 3.3 2. 7 2.5 

3.8 3.3 2. 7 2.6 

3.8 3.3 2. 7 2.6 

3.8 3.3 2.6 2.7 

3.8 3.3 2.6 2.7 

3.8 3.3 2.5 2.7 

3.8 3.2 2.4 2.6 

3.8 3.2 2.4 2.6 

3.8 3.1 2.4 2.4 

3. 7 3.1 2.4 2.3 

3.7 3.1 2.4 2.3 

3.6 3.1 2.4 2.3 

3.5 3.1 2.4 2.3 

3.5 2.9 2.4 2.3 

3.5 2.8 2.5 2.3 

3.5 2. 8 2.5 2.3 

3.5 2.8 2.5 2.3 

3.4 2.8 2.5 2.3 

3.4 2.8 2.5 2.3 

3.4 2.8 2.5 2.3 

3.4 2.8 2.5 2.3 

3.4 2. 7 2.5 2.4 

3.4 2. 7 2.5 2.4 

3.4 2. 7 2.5 2.6 

3.4 2. 7 2.5 2.7 

3.4 2. 7 2.5 2.7 

3.4 2. 7 2.5 2.7 

3.3 2. 7 2.5 2.7 

3.3 2. 7 2.5 2.7 

2. 7 2.5 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pembina River at Neche, N. Dalc.,for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. sept. 

---------------------- 1. ............. 66 84 ........... ............ ............. ............. .............. 208 100 87 22 13 

2 .............. 66 125 ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. G216 160 87 22 13 

3 .............. 66 136 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............ 224 160 87 22 17 

4 .............. 66 147 ............. .............. ............. ............. ........... 241 160 87 22 17 

5 .............. 66 159 ------- .............. .............. .. ............ .. ............ 241 160 87 17 22 

6 .............. 66 171 ............ ............ .............. ............. .. ............ 241 160 87 17 22 

7 .............. 57 171 ............ ............. .. ............ .. ........... ............. 241 160 87 13 22 

8 .............. 57 171 ------- .............. .............. ............. ............ 241 160 74 9 17 

9 .............. 57 .............. .............. ........... ............. ------- .. ........... 224 160 74 9 17 

10 .............. 57 ............ ------- ............ ............ .. ........... .. ........... 224 160 61 9 9 

11 .............. 57 .......... ,.. .. ............. ···-··· ···-··· .. ........ ........... 224 145 61 9 6 

12 .............. 66 ......... ·····-· ......... ........... ......... .......... 208 145 61 9 6 

13 .............. 66 ······- .......... ......... ............ .. ....... ......... 208 130 61 9 6 

14 .............. 66 ......... ........... ------- ··-···· ........... .......... 192 115 61 9 6 

15 .............. 66 ......... ......... .......... .. ........ ........... ······· 176 115 38 9 6 

16 .............. 66 ......... .......... ····-·- .. .......... ............. -······ 176 115 29 13 6 

17 .............. 66 ........... .......... ------- . ........... ······- "'328' 176 115 29 13 6 

18 .............. 66 ........... ------- ............ ......... ........... 176 115 29 13 6 

19 .............. 66 ........... .......... ........... ............ ······- 292 176 101 29 13 6 

20 .............. 66 ............ ·------ .......... ------- .......... 258 176 101 29 13 6 

21. ............. 57 ........... .......... .......... . ....... ------- 275 176 101 29 13 6 

22 .............. 57 ........... ........... ............ ------- ........... 275 176 101 29 13 6 

23 .............. 66 ........... ······- -·--··· ....... ------- 275 176 101 22 13 9 

24 .............. 66 ------- ------- ··----- ------- ------- 258 176 101 22 13 9 

25 .............. 66 ......... ............ ------- ------- ------- 241 176 101 22 13 17 

26 .....•.•..•... 66 .......... ------- -·----- ------- ............ 241 176 101 22 13 22 

27 .............. 57 ------- ------- ......... ............ ------- 241 160 101 22 13 22 28 .•..•.•.••••.. 57 ······- ............ ------- ···---- ---···· 224 160 101 22 13 22 

29 .............. 49 ------- ------- ------- ------- -----·- 208 160 87 22 13 22 

30 .............. 75 ............ ------- ------- ------- .......... 208 160 87 22 13 22 

31. ............. 80 ···---- ------- ------- -······ .......... .......... 160 22 13 

a Discharge interpolated. 

NoTE.-Dally discharge computed from two fairly well detlnedrating cufves. Discharge, Apr. 1-17,1914. 

estimated, because of Ice, from gage heights, observers' notes, and climatic records, at 252 second-feet. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE :UNITED STATES. 53 

Monthly discharge of Pembina River 'at Neche, N.Dak., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

Octob~........................................... 75 49 

~~~:c::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::: ........ 24i ......... ifio· 

~~;:.1::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::: 1~ ~~ 

~:t:¥e~."."."."." :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ g 

I 

63.6 

254 

195 

126 

48.4 

13.4 

12.9 

Run-off 

(total in Accu· 

acre-feet). racy· 

3,910 B. 

15,100 D. 

12 000 B. 

7:500 B. 

2,980 B. 

824 c. 

768 c. 

1 WEST BRANCH OF ROSEAU RIVER NEAR MALUNG, MINN. 

Location.-Near the center of sec. 7, T. 161 N., R. 39 W., at the highway bridge, 1 

nl.ile west of Malung post office, and 6l miles south of Roseau; half a mile above 

t:&e mouth of the East Branch. 

Records available.-May 6, 1911, to September 30, 1914. 

Dr!pnage area.-265 square miles. 

Gagei.-Vertical staff, read once daily to half-tenths. Limits of use: Half-tenths 

below and tenths ahove4.5 feet. During the spring of 1913 (presumably in March) 

tlie gage had lowered 0.21 foot, probably on account of settling of the earth 

artlproach to the bridge, which pushed down the plank fillers behind the abutmlent, the gage being attached to these fillers. The gage has remained practically 

stationary since settlement. All gage heights published in the following tables 

a11e therefore referred to a gage datum about 0.21 foot below the original datum, 

and 0.21 foot should be added to the gage heights previous to that date in order 

to1make them agree with the datum of the gage in its present position. 

Cha.Illllel and control.-Probably fairly permanent, although there is a possibility 

of1temporary backwater from the East Branch. 

Disch~trge measurements.-Made at the bridge except during low stages, when 

thpy are made at a wading section. Discharge measurements are also made on 

thp East Branch a short distance above the junction and on Roseau River at 

Roseau for the purpose of determining the part of the flow at Roseau that comes 

from the East Branch and of estimating the entire flow below that point, as conditions of flow below the junction of the two branches are very unfavorable for 

the establishment of a regular station. 

Winter fiow.-From November to April the river is frozen over; observations discontinued. 

Regulation.-Much of the area drained by Roseau River is so swampy that it can 

not be cultivated without drainage. In connection with this work the river 

channel has been straightened and widened to 80 feet for a distance of 40 miles; 

a drainage system benefiting 90,000 acres of land south of the river discharges 

into the Roseau by 10 ditches 1 mile apart in T. 163 N., Rs. 43 and 44 W. Another 

ditch system, draining about 20,000 acres, enters Roseau River in sec. 6, T. 162 

N., R. 39 W. 

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., during the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage 

height. 

Discharge. 

-----1-----------------------------------------------------------

June 11 W. B. Stevenson .................................•.....•................. July 23 E. F. Chandler ...•....................................................... 

Feet. 

7.83 

3.12 

Sec.-ft. 

403 

19.7 
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

DiScharge measurements of East Branch of Roseau Rtvernear Malung, Minn., during the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage 

height. 

Feet. 

Discharge. 

Junell W.B.Stevenson .......................................................•. 8.36 Sec.-ft. 

628 

July 23 E. F. Chandler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 77 27.0 

Discharge measurements of Roseau River at Roseau, Minn., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. 

------1-----------------------------------------------------------

June 12 W. B. Stevenson •••..•.•.•.................................•.•.•.•.•..... July 24- E. F. Chandler ..•......................•.......................•.•.•.•••. 

Feet. 

8. 71 

2.94 

Sec.-ft. 

980 

46 

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1914. • 

[August Hedin, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------------- 1. ............. 2.2 2.6 2.4 . ....... ........ ------- 4.9 4.8 6.2 4.2 2. 7 3.0 2 .............. 2.2 2.5 2.4 --····· ······- ------- 6.4 4.8 5.8 4.2 2.6 3.0 

3 .............. 2.2 2.5 2.4/i ........ . ---.-- ------- 6.2 4.6 5.4 4.2 2.6 2.9 4 .............. 2.3 2.5 2.5 ....... ----.-.- ........ 6.2 4.6 4.6 3.9 2.55 2.8 

5 .............. 2.3 2.5 2.5 ····-·- ........ . ....... 5.2 4.8 4.3 3.85 2.55 2. 75 

6 .............. 2.3 2.5 2.'4 --····· ------- --····· 2.8 4. 7 4.2 3.85 2.5 2. 7 7 .............. 2.3 2.55 ------- --····- ------- . ....... 4.8 4.7 4.0 3.85 2.5 2.65 

8 .............. 2.4 2.6 ······· ....... ........ ........ 4.2 4.6 4.0 4.0 2.5 2.6 

9 .............. 2.5 2.6 ----··· ----·-· ······- ........ 4.4 4.5 5.3 4.0 2.5 2.6 

10 .............. 2.5 2.5 ------- ........ ···---- ------- 4.2 4.2 7.1 3. 75 2.5 2.6 

11 .............. 2.5 2.5 -······ ------- ------- ······· 4.5 4.0 7.8 3.5 2.5 2.6 12 .............. 2.5 2.5 ....... ------- . ....... . ....... 4.8 3.9 8.0 3.3 2.5 2.6 

13 .............. 2.6 2.4 -.. ---. ........ . ...... ------- 4.9 3. 7 8.1 3.2 2.6 2.6 14 .............. 2. 7 2.4 ------- ........ ........ ........ 5.0 3.65 7.9 3.2 2.6 2.6 

15 .............. 2.8 2.4 ------- ----··· ........ ....... 5.0 3.55 6.5 3.1 2.5 2.6 

16 .............. 2.8 2.4 . ...... ······· ....... ······· 5.0 3.4 5.5 3.3 2.5 2.9 

17 .............. 2. 75 2.4 . ....... ....... ........ . .......... 4.8 3.3 5.1 4.0 2.5 2.85 

18 .............. 2. 7 2.45 . ....... ····-·· . ....... ····-·· 4.8 3.2 4.6 4.3 2.5 2.8 

19 .............. 2.65 2.45 ------- --·---- -..... -. ........ 6. 7 3.2 4.1 4.1 2.5 2.9 20 •••••••••••••• 2.65 2.4 ---···· ......... --····· ....... 7.6 4.4 4.0 3.8 2.5 2.85 

21. ...•......... 2.6 2.4 ----·-· --·--·- -. ·-.... ........ 8.0 5.0 3. 7 3.5 2.5 2.8 

22 ..•••.....•... 2.55 2.4 ·-·-··· ......... --·-··- --·---- 8.5 5.4 3.6 3.3 4.6 2. 75 

23 .............. 2.5 2.4 ------- ......... ......... ------- 7. 7 5.4 3.5 3.2 2.55 2. 7 24 ••••••••.••••• 2.5 2.4 . ........ .......... ....... . ........ 6.8 5.6 3.4 3.1 2.5 2. 7 25 .............. 2.5 2.4 ------· ......... ....... ........ 6.1 5.0 3.2 2.95 2.5 2. 7 

26 ..•••••••••... 2.5 2.4 ------- ·····-· ........ . ........ 5.8 4. 7 3.1 2.85 2.6 2.65 

27 ..•••••••••.•. 2.6 2.4 ... 2:4" ........ .......... ......... 5.5 4.4 3.1 2.8 2. 75 2.6 

28 ....••••••.... 2.6 2.4 ........ ......... . ........ 5.1 4.1 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.6 29 •••••••••••••. 2. 7 2.4 . ....... ........ ·-·---- . ....... 4.9 4.25 4.3 2.8 2.9 2.6 

30 ....•.•....... 2.6 2.4 . ....... ........ . ........ ----·-- 4.8 5.5 4.2 2.8 2.95 2.55 

31. ...••••...... 2.6 ......... ······· ........ ........ ······-· ·····-- 6.4 2. 75 3.0 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by lee about Dec. 3, 1913, to Apr. 17, 1914. Gage heights refer to 

datum 0.21 foot below original datum. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 55 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. I No'[. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

----t--------------------- 1.--------- _._-- 1.8 7.0 4.0 ···-··· . -~.--- ······· ··-···· 142 268 92 8.0 17 

2-------------- L8 5.~ 4.0 ........ ....... ------- . ....... 142 232 92 6.0 17 3 ______________ L8 5.~ ------- ........ ····--- . ...... ------- 124 196 92 6.0 13 4 ______________ 1.8 5. ........ -·----- ·------ 5 ______________ ........ ....... 124 124 69 5.3 10 2.8 5.~ ····-·· ------- ------- ------- ------- 142 100 66 5.3 9.0 

6-------------- 2.8 "! ······· ------- ........ ........ ........ 133 92 66 4.5 8.0 

1-------------- 2.8 6. ·-····· ------- ------- ........ -······ 133 76 66 4.5 7.0 

8 .. ------------ 4.0 7. ------- ....... ........ ........ ........ 124 76 76 4.5 6.0 g ______________ 5.4 7. ------- ··----- ------· ........ ........ 116 187 76 4.5 6.0 

10.------------- 5.4 5. ---···· --····· ------- ··--··· ------- 92 349 59 4.5 6.0 I u ______________ 5.4 5.~ ........ ----··· ------- ··----- ------· 76 412 42 4.5 6.0' 12 ____ ---------- 5.4 5. ........ ------- ------- ------- ------- 69 430 31 4.5 6. 0 

13 ... ----------- 7.0 4. ........ ······- --·---- ------- --·---- 55 439 26 6.0 6.0 

14.------------- 9.0 4.<l --·---- ------- ------- ·-·---· ------· 52 421 26 6.0 6.0 

15 .... ---------- 12 4.0\ ·-----· ----·-- ---···· ······- ·····-- 45 295 21 4.5 6.0 

16 .. -- -·-------- 12 4.01 ····--- --···-· ....... -----·· ------- 36 205 31 4.5 13 17 ______________ 10 4.01 ....... ·····-- ....... ------· 31 169 76 4.5 12 

18 .. -- -- -- -- -- -- 9.0 4. 7'1 ---···· ------· --··--- ........ 142 26 124 100 4.5 10 19 ______________ 6.2 !:b! ------- ....... ----·-· -·--··· 313 26 84 84 4.5 13 

20. ----·-·------ 4. 7 ----·-· ........ ------- ........ 394 108 76 62 4.5 12 

I 

21.---------·--- 5.4 4.0] ------- ······- ····-·- ······· 22 ______________ 430 160 55 42 4.5 10 4.7 4.0 ------- ------· ------- ........ 475 196 48 31 124 9.0 

23-------------- 5.4 4.0 I ------- ------- ------- ------- 403 196 42 26 5.3 8.0 

24 .. -- -- ------ -- 5.4 4.0! ....... ........ ------- ------- 322 214 36 21 4.5 8.0 

25-----·-------- 5.4 4.0 I ------- ------- ........ 259 160 26 15 4.5 8.0 

26 .. ------------ 5.4 4.0 ....... ........ ------- ···-··· 232 133 21 12 6.0 7.0 

27 .. ------------ 7.0 4.0 ........ -·-···· ........ ------· 205 108 21 10 9;0 I· 6:W 

28-------------- 7.0 4.0 ··-···· ....... ........ ....... 169 84 26 10 10 6.0 

29.------------- 9.0 4.0 ........ ....... --····· ···-··· 151 96 92 10 13 6.0 

30 .. ------ ---- -- 7.0 4.0 ....... ....... ........ ........ 142 205 84 10 15 5.3-

31.------------- 7.0 ······- ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... 286 9.0 17 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from two rating curves fairly well defined between 49 and 440 second--

feet and poorly defined below 4~ second-feet. Discharge estimated by Prof. E. F. Chandler, because of ice, 

from climatic records, discharg of adjacent drainage areas, and observer's notes concerning any markea 

variation in discharge, as follow : Dec. 3-15, 2.7 second-feet; Dec. 1&-31, 1.5 second-feet; Jan. 1-15, 1 second, 

foot; Jan. 1&-31, 0.2 second-foot;] Feb. 1-15, 0.1 second-foot; Feb. 16--28, zero flow; Mar. 1--311 3 second-feet. 

Discharge Apr. 1-17 estimateq, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, climatic records, and 

discharge of adjacent drainage ')reas, at 65 second-feet. These estimates are based on less complete data· 

than are estimates at most stations in this report and represent only the best that are available for pub- lication. 1 

I 

Monthly disCharge of Wes~ Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., for the year 1 ending Sept. 30,1914. 

I 

I Discharge in second-feet. 

Mo:nlth. 

I Maximum. Minimum. 

I 

I 

~~~~~ber:.-::::::::::::::::::::1::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ !· 8 

~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~\~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~~:-~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~g -------~--- ~,Jusi:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ ~-5 September .... ___ . ______________ .. ___ --··- _____ .. __ ..... _______ 17 5.3 

The year .. __ --- •. ----- .. -- .•. ----- •. --------------------- 475 

Mean. 

5.80 

4.79 

2.2 

.6 

.1 

3 

158 

117 

160 

46.7 

10.1 

8. 74 

43.0 

Accuracy. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

c. 

c. 
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

MOUSE RIVER AT MINOT, N. DAK~ 

Location.-'-At the Anne Street Footbridge, northeast of the Great Northern Railway 

roundhouse at Minot, N. Dak:. 

Records available.-May 5, 1903, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-8,400 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff attached to pier of Anne Street Bridge: 

Channel and control.-Clay and silt; slightly shifting. . 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the Anne Street Bridge at medium and 

high stages. At low stages made by wading some rods below the dam at the 

Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway water tank. 

Winter fl.ow.-Discharge relation slightly affected by ice from about middle of 

November to middle of ApriL 

Regulation.-A dam 4 feet high at the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie 

water tank, 1 mile below, raises the water at gage about 3 feet at ordinary low stage. 

The dam, being designed merely to give enough depth of water for the intakepipe suction, has no sluices, but it is not absolutely tight. When the discharge is 

less than about 5 second-feet the water level falls below the crest of the dam. 

Accuracy.-Results good for medium stages; for low water, errors of large percentage 

in the results may be due to small errors made by the gage observer or to changes 

in the amount of leakage through the dam, but the total error for such period is 

but a few second-feet. 

Discharge measurements of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dale., during the year ending Sept. 

80, 1914. 

[Made by E. F. Chandler.] 

Date. G~e Dishe' t. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. 9.12 1,000 ~f;t. 1~·-·:.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4.14 4.2 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dale. ,for the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914. 

[Ephraim Cox, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. ' J!III. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ............. 4.4 4.0 4.95 ....... . ...... ------- 7.55 5.9 5.4 5.65 4.65 4.4 

2 .............. 4.35 4.1 4.95 ....... ------- ------· 7.35 5.8 5.4 5.55 4.65 4.4 

3 ..... ~ ........ 4.3 4.1 4.95 . ...... ------- ------- 7.1 5.8 5.4 5.5 4.65 4.35 

4 .............. 4.2 4.1 5.0 --····· ........ ....... 6.95 5.8 5.5 5.45 4.6 4.35 

5 ... : .......... 4.15 4.15 5.0 ···---- . ....... ······- 6.9 5.9 5.6 5.3 4.6 4.4 

6 .............. 4.1 4.15 5.0 . ...... ------- ....... 6. 75 5.95 5.65 5.25 4.55 4.45 

7 .............. 3.95 4.2 ······· ....... . ...... ---··-· 6. 7 6.0 5.65 5.15 4.55 4.45 

8 .............. 3.9 4.2 ....... ....... ------- --····· 6. 75 5.9 5. 7 5.1 4.55 4.45 

9 .............. 3.95 4.2 ------- ....... . ...... ------- 6.85 6.0 5. 75 5.0 4.5 4.45 

10 .............. 3.95 4.25 ······· ·-····· ....... ····--· 7.2 5. 75 5.7 4.95 4.4 4.5 

11 .............. 3.9 4.25 ....... ....... ·····-- . ...... 7.4 5.8 5.6 4.9 4.35 4.5 12 .............. 3.9 4.4 ....... . ...... ....... ------- 7.55 5.95 5.55 4.85 4.35 4.5 

13 .............. 3.9 4.6 ....... ....... ........ ···-··· 7.5 5.9 5.85 4.85 4.3 4.45 

14 .............. 3.95 4.8 -······ ....... ....... --·---- 7.55 6.0 6.65 4.85 4.25 4.45 

15 .............. 3.95 4.95 4.9 4.4 3.0 4.0 7. 75 5.95 6.65 4.8 4.2 4.4 

16 .............. 4.0 4.95 ....... ------·- . ...... 4.1 8.1 5.5 6. 7 4.8 4.2 4.2 

17 .............. 4.0 4.95 ------- ······· ....... 4.2 8.8 5.8 6.6 4.85 4.2 4.1 

18 .............. 4.0 4.95 ....... ······· ------- 4.2b 9.0 5. 75 6.5 4.85 4.2 3.95 

19 .............. 4;0 4.95 ........ ······· ....... 4.35 9.45 5. 7 6.4 4.85 4.15 3.9 

20 .............. 4.0 5.0 . ...... ·····-· ....... 4. 6.1 9.5 5. 7 6.3 4.8 4.0 3.85 

21 .............. 3.95 5.0 ·------ ····--- ....... 4.85 8.0 5.65 6 • .2 4.8 3.9 :ua 

22 .............. 3.95 5.0 ~.- ... -··----· ....... 5.8 8.4b 5.65 5.95 4.75 3.85 3.85 23 .............. 3.95 5.0 ------- ···---- ····-·· 6.8 7.7 5.6 5.85 4. 75 3.85 3.8 

24 .............. 4.0 5.0 ....... ........ ........ 7.1 7.0 5.6 5. 75 4. 75 3.9 3.8 

25 .............. 4.0 5.0 ....... ....... _... ...... 7.35 6.85 5.55 5. 75 4. 75 3.95 3.8 

26 .............. 4.;0_ 5.0 --····· ------- ------· 7.4 6.7 5.55 5. 'l 4. 75 4.1 3.8 

27 .............. 4.0 4.95 --·-··· -----·- ······- 7.35 6.35 5.5 5. 75- 4. 7 4.2 3.75 

28 ••.•...••..•.. 4.0 4.95 ....... --····· ....... 7.3 6.2 5.b 5. 75 4.65 4.3b 3.15 

29 .............. 4.0 4.95 ····-·· ------· ------- 7.0 6.0 5.5 5.8 4.7 4.45 3. 75 

ll{l. ............. 4.0 4.9 ....... ------- . ...... 7.1 5.9 5.45 5.75 4.7 4.45 3.75 

31 .............. 4.0 ······· 4.0 ·------ ······· 7.2 ....... 5.45 ------- 4. 7 4.4 ....... 

NoTE.-DIScharge relation affected- by ice Dec. 4, 1913, to Ma£. 14, 1914. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 57 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mouse River at,Minot, N. Dak., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 19J4,. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. i Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------------------

1. .•.•••• 00 000 0 5.6 3 38 ------- ------- ---·--- 702 266 137 200 9 5.6 

2 ••....•..•.••. 5.2 3.5 38 ------- ------- ------- 652 239 137 174 9 5.6 

3 .•..•••••••••. 4.8 3.5 38 . ...... ---·-·· ------- 588 239 137 162 9 5 

4 ••••.•.•••••.• 4.5 3.5 --····· ------- ------- ·------ 549 239 162 150 7.5 5 5 ••••••••••.••• 3.8 3.8 ······- ----·-- ------- ------- 536 266 187 113 7.5 5.6 

6 •...•..••••••. 3.5 3.8 --····· ······· -·----- -----·- 495 280 200 101 7 6 

7 ..•••••..••••. 2.7 4.1 ·····-- ···-·-- ------- ------- 482 293 200 79 7 6 

8 .•.••....•.••. 2. 7 4.1 ------- --·-··· -··-··· ·····-· 495 266 213 68 7 6 

9 ••.•.•........ 2. 7 4.1 ----·-- ----·-· -·----- ------- 522 293 226 47 6.5 6 

10 .•••.••••.••.. 2. 7 4.4 ------- ------- ------- ------- 614 226 213 38 5.6 6.5 

11 .•••.•••.•.•.• 2.5 4.4 -----·- ------- ····--- ·-····· 665 239 187 29 5 6.5 

12 ••••••••..•... 2.5 5.6 ------- ------- ------- ······· 702 280 174 23 5 6.5 

13.000 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 2.5 7.5 ------- -----·- ....... ------- 690 266 252 23 5 6 

14 ••••••••••••.• 2. 7 17 ······· ------- ------- ....... 702 293 468 23 4 6 

15 •...••.••••... 2. 7 38 ------- ------- ······· 3 750 280 468 17 4 5.6 

16 ••••.•.••.•..• 3 38 ------- ------- ------- 3 828 266 482 17 4 4.1 

17 ••••••••.••••. 3 38 ------- ------- ---···· 4 966 239 455 23 4 3.5 

18 ...•...•.•.••• 3 38 ------- ······- ------- 4 1,000 226 428 23 4 3 19 .•.•.•••••.•.• 3 38 ------- --·---- -·----- 5 1,070 213 401 23 4 2 

20 •••••••••••.•. 3 47 ----··- ------- ------- 9 1,080 213 374 17 3 2 

21. ••.•• 00 000 •. 0 2. 7 47 ------- ------- ---·--- 23 806 200 347 17 2 2 

22 •••••••••••... 2. 7 47 ------· ···-·-- ....... 239 900 200 280 13 2 2 

23 •••.••.•••.••. 2. 7 47 ------- ------- ····--· 509 738 187 252 13 2 2 

24 •.•.•..•••.••• 3 47 ------- ------- ------- 588 562 187 226 13 2 2 

25 •.•.••...•.••• 3 47 ------- ------- ------- 652 522 174 226 13 3 2 

26 .•••..••••.•.• 3 47 ------- ------- ------- 665 482 174 213 13 3 2 

27 .•••••.•••.••• 3 38 ------- ------- ------- 652 388 162 226 10 4 1.8 

28 •••••••••••••• 3 38 ------- ------- ------- 640 347 162 226 9 5 1.8 

29 .•.•••.•.••••. 3 38 ······· --·-··· ------- 562 293 162 233 10 6 1.8 

30 .•.•.....••••. 3 29 ······· ----·-- ------- 588 266 150 226 10 6 1.8 

31. •.•. 00 .• 00 00 0 3 ------- ------- ------- ------- 614 150 10 6 

NoTE.-Dally discharge computed from a fairly well-defined rating curve. Discharge Mar. 1-14, 1914, 

estimated, because of ice, from observer's notes and climatic records at 1 second-foot. 

Monthly discharge of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for the year endi-rtg Sept. 30, 1914. 

Month. 

October ....•...................................... November •........................................ March ............................................ . April .•............................................ May .............................................. . June ............................................. . July .............................................. . August ........................................... . September ....................................... . 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

5.6 2.5 3.17 

47 3 24.5 

665 -------····· 186 

1,.080 266 646 293 150 227 482 137 265 200 9 47.8 

9 2 5.10 6.5 1.8 4.07 

EVAPORATION AT UNIVERSITY, N. DAK.1 

Run-off Accutotal (in racy. acre-feet). 

195 c. 

1,460 B. 11,400 B. 

38,400 B. 

14,000 B. 

15,800 B. 2,940 c. 314 c. 242 c. 

The evaporation gage at University, N. Dak., was established April17, 1905. It 

is located on a pool in a ravine called English Coulee, which runs through the campus 

of the University of North Dakota, which is immediately west of Grand Forks, 

N. Dale, and 2 miles west of the Minnesota boundary. 

The records at this station were continued during the year ending September 30, 

1914, daily observations.being made during the open season. The gage was protected 

from disturbance, and the recqrds of observations are reliable. 

I For complete description of this s~ation and records of evaporation, rainfall, and temperature for 1905 to 1908, see U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 245, pp. 64-67, 1910. 
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

The coulee drains about 60 square miles of very level prairie. Except for brief 

freshets the flow in the coulee is small, varying from 1 second-foot or less to 20 secondfeet. In very dry weather the water lies in pools with scarcely any perceptible flow. 

A heavy galvanized-iron tank, 3 feet square and 18 inches deep, is placed in the 

center of an anchored raft, so that the water in the tank is at the ~ame level as the water 

surface outside. The tank is filled nearly to the top, to a height prcisely marked by 

the pointed tip of a vertical rod in the center of the tank. Once each day, after the 

change produced by evaporation or rainfall, the water level is restored to the original 

height, the precise amount of water transferred being measured with a cup of such size 

that one cupful of water is equivalent to 0.01 inch depth in the tank. 

A standard rain gage is located on the open prairie about 10 rods distant. On days 

of rainfall the difference (which is usually small) between the quantity measured by 

the rain gage and the surplus in the tank is considered the total evaporation for the 

day. 

Observations were made usually about half an hour before sunset. The temperature of the water recorded is the observation of the water in the tank; as the tank is 

of metal, it has been found that at that time of the day there is rarely a perceptible 

difference in temperature reading between the water within and without the tank. 

The temperature of the air as recorded is the mean of the readings of the standard 

self-recording maximum and the self-recording minimum thermometers for the 

preceding 24 hours. 

The following table shows for each 10-day period during the year ending September 

30, 1914, the gross evaporation, the total rainfall, and the mean temperatures for the 

10 ol:fservations of the water and of the air: 

Evaporation observations at University, N. Dak., for year ending Sept. 30,. 1914. 

Mean tempera- Mean temperaEvapo- Rain- ture. Evapo- Rain- ture. 

Date. ration. fall. Date. ration. fall. 

Water. Air. Water. Air. 

- ----- ------ Inches. Inches. •F. •F. Inches. Inches. •F. •F. 

Oct. 1-10 ••••••. o. 78 1.25 45 49 June 1-10~ •••.. 1.54 3.20 70 66 

11-20 •• -•.. . 68 .01 38 38 11-20 .•••.. 1. 40 .84 71 61 

21-31. •.•.. • 22 .35 32 29 21-30 •..... 1.59 2.47 69 62 

Nov. 1-10 •• ·-·· .21 .17 32 33 July 1-10 •..... 1. 79 2.05 80 71 

11-20 •• -•.. .15 .13 32 33 11-20 ••••.. 1. 98 .31 80 71 21-25 ••.••. .06 .08 32 31 21-31. ..... 1. 78 1.83 79 72 

Apr. 16-20.-- ••. • 17 1:38 47 44 Aug. 1-10 ••••.. 1.97 .17 74 67 

21-30 •• -•.. . 78 .61 45 43 11-20 ...•.. 1.23 .41 69 64 

21-31. •.•.. 1. 40 2. 73 65 58 

May 1-10 ••••.. • 72 .78 51 50 

11-20 •••••. 1. 73 .27 59 55 Sept. 1-10 •• _ •.. 1.33 .13 61 58 

21-31 •••••. 2.41 1.16 67 62 11-20 ••••.. 1.45 .11 66 65 

21-30 ••••.. 1.36 .10 59 57 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 59 

RAINY LAKE AT RANIER, MINN. 

Loca.tion.-At the foot of Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn. 

Records a:vailable.-January 1, 1910, to September 30, 1914. • 

Gage.-Haskell water-stage recorder and vertical staff (read once daily) installed 

December 5, 1913, on protection crib above Canadian Northern Railway 

bridge. Prior to that date, staff gage attached to foot of Ranier wharf. Prior to 

August 19, 1911, gage. heights were read at the upper gage of the Minnesota & 

Ontario Power Co., just above the dam at International Falls, 2 miles below 

Ranier. Comparative readings taken on the two gages during 1911 indicated a 

slope of 0.50 foot between the two points, and to make the records comparable 

the readings on the Minnesota & Ontario gage were reduced· by 488.50. Recent 

studies by Mr. A. F. Meyer, consulting engineer of the International Joint Commission, indicate that the actual slope between the two gages varied from 0.3 to 

1.2 feet during the period January 1, 1910, to August 18, 1911, so that the readings 

on the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co.'s gage should have been reduced by an 

amount ranging from 488.70 to 487.80 instead of 488.50 feet. Gage heights January 

1, 1910, to August 18, 1911, published in Water-Suppl~ Papers 285 and 305 are 

therefore in error as referred to the correct datum by an unknown amount varying from +0.2 to -0.7 foot. 

The dam at International Falls controls the level of Rainy Lake, which has 

an area of approximately 344 square miles. Owing to the great number of $mall 

islands in the lake its effective capacity is somewhat uncertain, as the existing 

maps are too small to show this accurately. Beginning August 19, 1911, the gage 

heights refer to the gages established by the Canadian Department of Public 

Works. 

The gages were maintained at the following elevations during the year ending 

September 30, 1914: 

Feet. 

Oct. 1 to Dec. 4, 1913 .................................... 489.25 

Dec. 5, 1913, to Sept. 30, 1914 ............................ 488.00 

The records at this station, by indicating the change in the water level, show 

the gain or loss in storage d,ue to the control of the flow at the International Falls 

dam, and when used in connection with the records of flow of the Rainy at International Falls, are of value in determining the natural run-off. 

Cooperation.-Gages are owned and maintained by the Canadian Department of 

Public Works. 
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. SO, 

1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. :Dec. Jan. Feb. . Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept • 

-----·--------------- 1 .•.•.••••••. :. 7.95 7.80 7.59 ............. 6.07 5.18 3.97 3. 70 .. ....... 7.65 s.m 7.60 

2 •••.•••.•••••• 7.98 ·······"- 7.54 ......... 6.03 5.10 3 93 3. 75 . ....... 7.70 8.m 7.50 

3 •••••••••••••• 7.99 ......... 7.51 .. ........ 5.94 5.06 3.90 3.90 .. ........ 7.73 s.m 7.55 4, .............. 8.01 ........... 7.53 .. ............ 5.93 5.04 3.87 3.88 .. ........... 7.·87 8.12 7.50 

5 .............. 8.09 ............. 7.55 .. .......... 5.90 4.98 3.92 3.89 .. ............ 7.97 8.00 7.60 

6 .............. 8.07 ............. ............. 6.4,5 5.87 4.97 3.80 3.95 "5:75' 7.90 8.00 7.65 

7 .............. 7.97 ............ .............. 6.48 5.82 4.96 3. 76 4.00 7.97 &00 7.65 

8 .............. 7.96 ............ .......... 6.48 5.86 4.97 3. 74 4.04 5.80 7.98 8,10 7.55 

9 .............. 7.98 .......... ........... 6.43 5.82 4.86 3.67 4.07 5.95 8.00 &m 7.50 

10 ..... ; ........ 7.97 .............. ............ 6.50 5. 76 .. ......... 3.63 4.17 6.10 8.00 8.10 7.50 

11 .............. 7.99 .. ........... 7.08 6.4,5 5. 72 4. 77 3.55 4.18 6.m s.m 8.10 7.60 

12 .............. 8.05 .............. 7.10 6.46 5. 70 4. 72 3.62 4. 21 6.25 8.30 8.00 7.47 

13 .............. &04 ............ 7.08 6.43 5.65 4.68 3.60 4.24 6.30 8.25 7.95 7.60 

14 .............. 8.04 "7:70· 7.08 6.40 5.61 4.65 3.48 4.27 ............ 8.30 7.90 7.60 

15 .............. 8.03 7.02 6.37 5.64 4.68 3. 44 4.28 6.40 8.30 8.00 7.48 

16 .............. 8.00 7.69 6.92 6.35 5.56 3.47 4.30 6.45 s.m 8.05 7.45 

17 .............. 7.98 7.67 6.95 6.32 5.52 4.57 3.60 4.30 6.50 8.30 8.00 7.~ 18 .............. 7.95 7.67 6.95 6.30 5.4,5 4.51 3.60 4.33 6.60 8.35 7.95 7. 

19 .............. 7.97 7.66 6.90 6.28 5.46 4.45 3.67 4.40 6. 70 8.30 7.90 7.60 m .............. 7.95 7.65 ............. 6.24 5.46 4. 42 3.55 4.65 6. 75 8.40 7.87 7.60 

21 .............. 7.94 7.65 ............. 6.22 5.36 4.36 3.55 4.75 8. 40 7.85 7.60 

22 .............. 7.97 7;85 ............. 6.22 5.41 4.38 3.59 4. 77 6.90 8.35 7.87 7.52 23 .............. 7.95 7.65 ............. 6.18 5.35 4.30 3.60 4.80 7.00 8.35 7.95 7.60 24 .............. 7.95 7.63 ............. 6.13 5.30 4.25 5.00 7.07 8.30 7.80 7.60 

25 .............. 7.99 7.63 .............. 6.18 5.26 4.27 3.60 5.00 7.13 8.30 7.88 7.60 

26 .............. 7.96 7.63 ........... 6.18 5.24 4.22 3.68 5.10 7.m 8.35 7.80 7.60 

27 .............. 7.91 7.58 ........... 6.17 5.m 4.19 3.64 5.m 7.43 8.35 7.78 7.60 

28 .............. 7.87 7.57 ........... 6.16 5.15 4.14 3.68 5.30 7.43 8.30 7. 70 7.59 29 .............. 7.84 7.57 ........... 6.16 .. ........... 4.17 3.67 5.35 7.45 8.m 7.611 7.60 

30 .............. 7.84 7.61 .......... 6.10 .. .......... 4.07 .. ............ 5.40 7.55 8.27 7. 70 7.60 

31 .............. . 7.82 ............. .......... 6.09 ............. 4.02 .. ............ .. ........... ........... S.!lO 7.65 .. ........ 

NOTE.-Gage heights In the above table refer to the same datum 88 those published In previous water- supply papers. 

RAINY RIVER AT INTERNATIONAL FALLS, MINN. 

Location..-At the steamboat dock half a mile below the dam at International Falls, ~nn. . 

Records available.-March 1,1907, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-14,600 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff installed April20, 1911. Prior to this date the gage heights, 

furnished through the courtesy of the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co., were read 

on a gage located just below the dam, :first on the American side but later on the 

Canadian side. The zero of the United States Geological Survey gage is 460.99 

feet above that of the power company's gage, when the slope of the river between 

the two points, determined at gage height 2.65 feet, is considered. On September 

15, 1913, an automatic gage was installed near. st;rlf gage and at same datum by 

the Canadian Department of Public Works. 

Channel and control.-Channel near gage is largely solid rock; permanent. Control point, which is probably a long distance downstream (perhaps at Mountain 

Rapids, 37 miles below), is subject to frequent obstructions from log jams. Back- \ 

water at gage also caused by flood stages of Little Fork and Big Forkrivers. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from a boat at a section about 100 feet below 

the gage where the bed of the river is uniform and the velocity regular. 

Winter 1iow.-Ice rarely forms in the long stretch of water below the dam, but serious 

backwater, amounting at times to more than 2 feet, i.s caused by ice that forms at 

the rapids below the open stretch. The winter flow through the turbines of the 

power company is computed by the Canadian Department of Public Works. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 61 

Regulation.-Since the dam and power house have been in operation practically 

no water has passed (j)ver the crest, the entire flow of the river going through the 

turbines and sluice gates. The plant is run on a 24-hour basis, however, so that, 

with the exception of the Sunday flow, the discharge is fairly uniform. 

A.ccuracy.-Studies of previous records of this station, based on more complete 

data than were available when Water-Supply Paper 305 w!ls prepared, indicate 

that the estimates of monthly discharge published in that report are in error. 

The estimated errors were published in Watey-Supply Paper 325, page 61, in 

which that for December, 1908, as given in tHe table, should be +14 per cent 

instead of -14 per cent. Throughout the greater part of the open-water period 

during the year ending September 30, 1914, the discharge relation was affected 

by backwater from log booms below the station. 

Cooperation.-Estimates of flow through the power house and results of discharge 

measurements furnished by Canadian Department of Public Works. Discharge 

measurements also furnished by the water power branch of the Canadian Department of the Interior. 

Discharge measurements of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., during the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gate Disheight. charge. heig t. charge. 

--- --- Feet. Sec.-{t. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

Oct. 18 Brown and Jamison .•.. 3.57 7,910 June 15 R. F. Sill(lllian •........ 4. 78 8,850 Nov. 27 G. M. Brown •......... 3.28 7,230 23 ..... do .••.•..........•. 4.10 8,940 Dec. 12 ·Parr itiid. :rilllilioii::: : :: 4.49 6,820 July 8 ..... do ••.•............. 4.80 9,320 

Feb. 25 4. 86 7,040 Aug. 6 ....• do .•.•.........•... 4.80 10,500 

May 15 D. W. Jamison ......... 4. 61 7,090 

NoTE.-The above measurements were furnished by the Canadian Department of Public Works. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[R. Caple, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------------------

1. •.•.•.••..••. 2.5 2. 7 2.8 4.3 3.9 4.2 3.1 5.0 4.6 4.1 4. 8 ....... 2 ...•.••••••.•. 2.5 2.5 3.4 4. 4 3.8 4.2 3.1 5.4 4.8 4.1 4.0 ------- 3 ...•.•.•.•.•.. 2.4 2.6 3.6 4.3 4. 6 4. 4 3.1 5.6 4. 7 4. 4 4.1 ---·-- 4 .....••.•.•..• 2.3 2.8 3.3 3. 7 4. 8 4. 2 3.1 6.0 4. 5 3. 7 4. 7 ------- __ 5, •.•.•.•.•.•.. 2.3 2.8 3.0 3.6 4. 8 4.3 2.6 6.3 4.4 2.6 4.8 . --.-... 6 .•..•••••••... 2.5 2.8 3.2 4.2 4.9 4.2 2. 7 6.3 4.3 3. 7 4.8 ....... 7 ......•..•.... 3.0 2. 7 2.8 4.1 5.0 4.1 3.0 6.2 3.5 4. 8 4.9 --····· 8 .•............ 3.3 2. 7 ······· 4. 0 4. 7 3. 5 3.1 6.0 3.8 4. 7 4.8 

9 .............. 3.5 2.0 ....... 4.0 4. 5 3. 6 3.1 5.8 4.6 4. 9 3.9 ·------ 10 .•••••.•..•.•. 3.6 1.8 4. 8 4.1 4. 8 4.0 3.1 5.0 5.9 4.8 4.2 ....... 11 ••.••.••••.•.. 4.0 2.5 4.6 3.5 4.9 4.0 3.2 4. 9 6.3 4. 9 4. 7 ....... 12 ....••.•••.•.. 3. 7 2.6 4.5 4.1 5.1 4. 0 2. 5 4. 9 6. 2 4. 2 4.8 ....... 13 ....••...•..•. 3.6 2. 7 4.4 4. 5 5.0 3. 9 2. 7 4.8 6.1 4.8 4.8 ....... 14 ....•.•.•....• 4.0 2. 7 3.6 4. 4 5.0 3. 8 3.0 4. 6 5.3 6.5 4. 8 ....... 15 ••.••...••.•.. 4. 0 2. 7 3.6 4.3 4. 5 2.8 3.1 4. 4 4. 5 6.9 4.8 .......... 

16 ..•...•.•..•.. 3.9 2.2 4.1 4.0 4. 7 3. 4 3. 2 4. 2 4. 9 6.8 4.4 ------- 17 ..•.....•..... 3.7 2.3 5.0 4.1 4. 9 3.6 3.3 3.8 4. 8 6.5 3.6 ........ 18 .••........... 3.6 2.6 4.0 3. 5 4. 9 3.6 3. 8 3. 8 4. 8 6.3 4.6 ......... 19 ......•....... 2. 8 2.6 4.1 3.1 5.0 3. 6 3.6 4. 0 4. 5 5.6 4. 7 ......... 20 .••...•.•.•... 3.3 2.6 4. 3 3.6 5.0 3.6 4.0 4. 7 4. 4 5. 4 4. 7 .......... 

21.. ······•····· 3.4 2.5 3.6 4.3 4. 9 3.5 4.3 5.8 3.4 5. 7 4. 7 ......... 22 .............. 3.4 2. 8 3.3 4.5 4. 3 3.0 4.1 6.0 3. 5 6.0 4.6 -······ 23 .............. 3. 3 2. 5 3. 8 4.4 4.4 3.1 4.1 5. 8 4. 0 6.2 . 3.8 .......... 24 .............. 3.3 2.8 3.9 4. 5 4. 8 3. 4 4. 0 5.0 4.1 6.0 4.0 ------- 25 .............. 3. 3 3. 2 3. 4 4.0 4. 8 3.3 4.1 5. 0 4.2 6.0 .......... ............ 

26 .........•.... 2.9 3.3 3.1 3. 7 4. 8 3.3 3.9 5.1 4. 2 5.6 ....... ·····-· 27 .............. 2.9 3. 3 3. 8 4. 4 4. 7 3.3 3.8 5.0 4.1 5.6 ···-··· ......... 28 •.••..•...•.•. 2.8 3.3 3. 5 4. 5 4. 4 3. 2 3.9 4. 9 3. 5 5.8 ··-···· ....... 29 .••..••.••.... 2.8 3.1 3.6 ···s:o· ··-·-·· 2. 7 4.1 5.2 3. 4 5.8 ····-·· ....... 30 .............. 2. 8 2.6 3.9 ··-···· 2. 9 4.6 5. 3 4. 2 5. 4 ....... ....... 31. ............. 2.8 ....... 4.1 4. 6 ··-··-· 3.1 -······ 4.4 --····· 5.1 ....... . . . . . .... 
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914.-Continued. 

[Stevens recording gage.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 'Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ............. 2.5 2.8 2. 7 ~ .... -- 3.8 5.~ <>2.9 4. 8 4.4 3.2 4.9 4.6 2 .............. 2.5 2.4 3.4 ....... 3.4 ·------ •3.0 5.4 4. 8 4.1 4.0 4.9 3 .............. 2.4 2.5 3.5 ·--·-·· 3.3 ------- <>3.1 5.6 4. 7 4.4 4.1 4.9 4 .............. 2.2 2.8 3.3 ------- 3.4 ------- •3.1 6.0 4. 6 3.8 4. 7 4.9 5 .............. 2.2 2.8 3.0 ....... 3.4 ······· --·--·· 6.3 4.5 2.5 4.8 4.9 

6 .............. 2.5 2. 7 3.2 ·------ 3.4 4.2 ------· 6.3 4.4 3.1 4. 8 4.0 7 .............. 3.0 2. 7 ·------ ------- ....... 4.2 •3.0 6.3 3.6 4. 7 4. 8 2.2 8 .............. 3. 2 2.8 ... 4: 7" ------- ------- 3.8 3.0 6.2 3. 7 4.8 4.8 2.9 9 .............. 3. 4 2.1 ------- ······- 3.4 a3.1 5. 8 4.6 5.0 4.1 4.6 10 .............. 3.6 1.7 4.8 ------- 3.6 4.0 3.1 5.2 5. 7 5.0 3.8 4. 7 

11 .•..•.•.....•• 4.0 2.1 4. 6 ....... 3.6 4.1 3.1 4.9 6.4 4. 9 4. 7 4. 7 12 .............. 3.8 2.6 4. 5 ------- 3. 6 4.2 3.2 4. 9 6. 4 4.1 4.8 4. 7 13 .............. 3.6 2. 7 4. 4 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.1 4.8 6.1 4. 8 4.8 3.8 14 •••.•••••••••• 4.0 2. 7 3.6 4.1 3.6 3. 7 3.0 4. 6 5.2 6. 4 4.8 3.8 15 .............. 4.0 2. 7 3.5 4.1 3. 7 3.3 3.1 4.5 4.6 6. 9 4.8 4.8 

16 .............. 3.8 2.3 4. 0 4.0 3. 7 3.1 3.1 4.4 5.0 6. 8 4.0 4.9 17 .............. 3.8 2.2 4.0 4.1 . ....... 3.4 3.2 3.8 4. 9 6.5 3.6 5.0 18 .............. 3.6 2.6 4.0 3.6 ··-···- 3.5 3.3 3.8 4.8 6.4 4.6 5.0 19 .............. 3.5 2.6 4.0 2. 7 -······ 3.6 3.5 4.0 4.6 5. 4 .. 4. 7 5.1 20 .....•..••••.. 3.4 2.6 4.2 2.9 ------- ------- -······ 4. 7 4.4 5.2 4.8 4.4 

21. ............. 3.8 2.5 3.6 3.1 ----··· ····-·· ------- 5.8 3.6 5.6 4.8 4.1 22 .............. 3.6 2.8 3.2 3.5 ------- 3.4 ··To· 6.0 3. 5 5.8 4. 7 5.0 23 ....•..•...... 3.4 2.6 3.8 3.6 ··-···· 3.3 5.8 4.0 6.2 4.0 5.0 24 ..•...•....... 3.3 2. 7 3. 8 ------- ·····-· 3. 4 4.0 5.2 4.2 6.1 3. 7 5.1 25 ..•........... 3.3 3.2 3.5 ···--·- 4. 7 3.4 4.1 5.2 4. 3 6.0 4.6 5.1 

26 .............. 3.0 3.2 3.3 ······- 4. 7 3.4 4.1 5.2 4. 3 5. 7 4.8 5.2 27 .............. 2. 9 3.3 3. 7 ··----- 4. 8 3.4 4.1 6.0 4.2 5.5 4.8 4.4 28 .............. 2. 8 3.3 ------- -----·- 5.0 3.4 3.9 6.0 I 3.5 5.8 4.8 3.9 

29 .•••.•.••••..•. 2.9 3.1 ··-··-- ------- ---·--- 3.2 4.0 5. 3 

... ~:-~. 5.8 4.8 4.9 30 ............... 2.8 2.6 ------- ------- ······· •2. 8 4.2 5.3 5. 4 4.0 5.0 31. ............. 2. 8 ······- ....... 3.8 ··-···· a2.8 . ...... 4.6 5.0 3. 7 -------

a Gage heights uncertain on account of recording gage not working satisfactorily. 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by backwater during the greater part of the year. See "Accuracy" in station description. Gage heights given in the first table are the mean daily gage heights as determined 

.from two daily readings of the staff gage. Gage heights in the second table were determined from the re~ord of the recording gage. · 
HUDSON BAY DRAIN AGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 63 

Daily discharge, in second:feet, of Rainy Riv(JJ" at International Falls, Minn. ,for the year 

ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------------------------------- l_ _____________ 6,126 6,965 5,823 6,070 6,439 6,164 6,898 6,868 7,974 7, 778 10,730 10,410 2 ______________ 6,892 5,406 6,980 6,097 6,586 6,418 6,998 6, 784 8,834 8,316 8,3-31 10,580 

3-------------- 6,980 5,445 6,987 6,933 6,949 6,980 6,912 5,988 8,976 8,966 9,081 10,540 4 ______________ 6,870 6,110 6,540 6,251 7,000 6,896 6,892 6,396 9,043 8,416 10,984 10,528 5 ______________ 6,456 6,055 6,077 5,492 7,020 6,956 6,050 6,598 8, 749 6,184 10,854 10,528 

6 ______________ 6,040 5,994 6,542 6,935 6,938 6,942 6,320 6, 798 8, 792 7,216 10,937 7,630 

1-------------- 6,565 6,080 5,430 6,877 6,976 6,922 6,936 6,840 6,646 10,058 10,772 4,270 8 ______________ 6,435 6,075 5,877 6,870 6,468 5, 775 6,916 6, 788 7, 753 9,829 10,895 9,216 9 ______________ 6, 723 5,493 6,901 6, 785 6,482 6,394 6,918 6, 752 9,054 10,346 8,816 10,599 10 ______________ 6,920 5, 759 6,930 6,856 6,970 7,064 6,928 5,997 9,421 10,699 9,021 10,600 

11 ______________ 6,940 6,105 6,964 6,218 6,978 7,006 6,910 6,214 8,906' 10,739 10,907 10,590 12 _____________ - 6,207 6,100 6,963 6,536 7,078 7,030 6,077 6,802 8,415 7,815 10,948 10,570 13 ______________ 6,389 6,135 6,944 6,961 7,050 6,986 6,244 6,814 8,860 10,756 10,902 7, 713 14 ______________ 7,170 5,889 6,222 6,953 6,944 7,016 6,902 6,842 6,673 11,023 10,850 8,889 15 ______________ 6,932 6,222 6,391 6,957 6,312 5,589 6,895 6,846 7,203 10,953 10,877 10,600 

16 ... ----------- 6,257 5,310 .6,974 6,980 6,436 6,384 6,894 6,818 8,686 10,933 7, 730 10,522 

17 .............. 6,360 5,242 6, 778 7,021 7,280 6,950 6,932 6,269 8,953 11,376 8,618 10,520 18 .............. 6,150 6,115 6,988 6,245 6, 744 7,002 6,852 6,272 9,126 11,819 10,654 10,513 

19 .............. 6,048 6,005 6,988 6,455 6,978 7,022 5,878 6,804 9,070 9,503 10,764 10,500 20 .............. 5,545 6,440 6,966 6,920 7,042 7,006 6,280 6,818 9,050 10,472 10,599 8,045 

21. .............. 6,080 5,675 6,205 6,950 7,012 7,016 6,900 6,864 6,968 12,061 10,578 8,848 22 .............. 6,140 6,558 5,945 6,921 5,967 6,180 6,834 6,832 7,644 12,441 10,549 10,512 23 .............. 6,150 6,237 6,095 6,969 6,410 6,392 6,868 6,856 8, 745 12,775 8,549 10,542 24 .... -.. ---- ... 6,100 6,468 6,118 6,957 6,974 6,958 6,878 6,102 8,916 12,541 8,871 10,505 25 ............. - 6,120 6, 780 4,908 6,326 6,988 6,850 6,876 6,620 9,466 12,445 10,607 10,515 

26 .............. 5,474 7,175 4,60~ 7,140 7,018 6,944 6,052 7,398 9,504 10,773 10,609 10,414 27 .............. 5,550 6,931 5,201 7,036 6,998 6,928 6,252 7,432 9,104 11,503 10,628 8,187 28 .............. 6,070 6,979 6,225 6,958 7,020 6,928 6,862 7,895 6,606 12,262 10,658 8,673 

29 .............. 6,105 6,606 5,525 7,004 ------- 6,056 6, 796 8,630 8,198 12,522 10,628 10,520 30 .............. 6,026 5,519 6,295 6,932 ·------ 6,270 6,856 8,952 8,670 11,247 7, 735 10,380 31. ............. 6,075 ------- 6,299 6,685 ------- 6,880 ~------- 6,963 10,657 8, 725 -------

NoTE.-Daily discharge records were furnished by S. B. Johnson, hydraulic engineer, Department of 

Public Works, Canada, and were computed from power-house records. 

Monthly discharge of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

October.............................................................. 7,170 November .................... _ ................ _ ..... ___ ......... ____ . 7,175 

December._ ............................. _ ................ __ ....... __ . 6, 988 

January .. --- ...... __ ............. _ ....... _ .................. ____ ..... 7,140 

February __ -- __ ........... _ .... _ .............. _ ................ __ ... 7,280 

March.---- ...... ____ .................. _ ........... _ .... __ ._._. ____ ... 7,064 

~~~:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~;~~ June _______ ................... __ ........... _ ......... _ ........... _. __ . 9,504 

July ............... __ .................. _ ......... _._ ......... _._. __ ... 12,775 

August .. __ ........ __ ........................... _ .... _ ........ __ ._._.. 10,984 September ................... _. __ ................ _ ....... ___ . ____ .. ___ 10,600 

5,474 6,320 

5,242 6,130 

4,608 6,310 

5,492 6, 720 5,967 6,820 

5,589 6, 710 5,878 6,690 

5,988 6,870 

6,606 8,470 

6,184 10,500 

7, 730 10,000 

4,270 9, 750 

1-------1------1----- The year._. __ ..... _._ ............ _. __ ........ _ ....... ___ ._ ... _. 12,775 4,270 7,610 

NoTE.-"Discharge in second-feet per square mile" and ''Run-<>tl' (depth in inches)" are not published because such estimates do not represent natural flow at station. 
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

VERMILION RIVER BELOW LAKE VERMILION, NEAR TOWER, MINN·. 

Location.-In sec. 2, T. 63 N., R. 17 W., in St. Louis County, just below dam at 

outlet of Lake Vermilion, 4 miles above the mouth of Two Mile Creek, which 

enters from the 1'\'est. 

Records available.-May 17, 1911, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.~507 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff; read morning and evening to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: 

Hundredths below .;1..0, half-tenths from 1.0 to 2.5, and tenths above 2.5 feet. 

Channel and controL-Steep rapids just below gage; bed of stream composed of 

solid rock and large bowlders; control permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from cable just below station; at high stage from 

boat about a mile below gage. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Not affected by ice owing to the heavy fall at gage section, amounting 

to 20 feet in 200 yards. 

Regulation.-At the outlet of Vermilion Lake, a few hundred feet above the gage, 

there is a dam which is used to raise the elevation of the lake for aid in navigation. 

Dam has no gates but was repaired on July 19, 1912. From April28 to May 10, 

1914, when parts of dam were removed, and for some time subsequent, the flow 

was above normal. 

Accuracy.-Conditions favorable for good results, the only uncertainty being some 

inaccuracy in the discharge measurements, owing to the very rocky section. 

Discharge measurements of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made byOct. 7 B. J. Peterson ......... . 7 ..... do ................. . 

Gage Disheight. charge. Date. Made byFeet. 

0.32 

.32 

Sec.-ft. 73 

73 May 20 S. B. Soule.. ......... .. 21 ..... do ................ .. 

Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet. 

2.91 

2.85 

Sec.-ft. 

a 1,070 

b991 

a Measurement made from boat at a section about 4,000 feet below gage. b Measurement made from boat at a section about 6,000 feet below gage; control clear. 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 65 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Mrs. A. E. Shively, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. I May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

1. ............. 0.22 0.48 0.62 0.65 0.62 0. 70 0.66 1.65 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.2 2 .............. .22 .48 .65 .65 .62 .70 .66 1.8 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.2 3 .............. .24 .48 .65 .65 .62 .70 .66 I 2.0 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.2 4 .............. .24 .50 .65 .65 .65 . 70 .65 2.05 2.5 1.9 1. 7 1.2 5 .............. .27 .52 .68 .65 .65 . 70 .65 2.1 2.5 1.9 1. 7 1.2 

6 .............. .30 .52 .68 .65 . 65 . 70 .65 2.2 2.5 1.9 1.65 1.15 7 .............. .32 .50 .68 .65 .65 . 70 .65 2.4 2.5 1.85 1.6 1.1 8 .............. .32 .50 .68 .65 .65 . 70 .64 2.4 2.5 1.85 1. 55 1.1 9 .............. .32 .50 .68 .65 .65 .70 .64 2.4 2.45 1.9 1.5 1.2 10 .............. .32 .50 .68 .62 .65 .70 .64 2.4 2.45 1.9 1.5 1.2 

11 .............. .32 .50 .65 .62 .68 . 70 .62 3.0 2.4 1.9 1.45 1.15 12 .............. .35 .50 .65 .62 .68 .68 .62 3.0 2.4 1.9 1. 45 1.2 13 .............. .40 .50 .65 .62 .68 .68 .62 3.0 2.4 1. 95 1.4 1.2 14 .............. .45 .50 .65 .62 .68 . 68 . 61 3.0 2.4 2.0 1.35 1.2 15 .............. .45 .50 .65 .62 .68 .68 .61 3.0 2.4 2.0 1.3 1.2 

16 .............. .45 .55 .65 .62 .68 .68 .60 3.0 2.35 2.0 1.3 1.2 17 .............. .48 ------- .65 .62 .68 .68 .61 2.9 2.3 2.0 1.3 1.2 18 .............. .48 .55 .65 ···:62' .68 .68 .66 2.9 2.25 2.0 1.3 1.2 19 .............. .48 .55 .65 .68 .68 ,69 2.9 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.2 20 .............. .48 .55 .65 .62 .68 .68 . 73 2.9 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.2 

21. ............. .48 .55 .65 .62 .68 .68 . 76 2.9 2.0 1. 95 1.3 1.2 22 .............. .48 .55 .65 .62 .70 .68 . 78 2.8 2.0 1.9 1.3 1.2 23 .............. .48 .55 .65 .62 .70 .68 .78 2.1! 2.0 1.9 1.3 1.2 24 .............. .48 .55 .65 .62 .70 .68 . 79 2.8 2.0 1.9 1.3 1.2 25 .............. .48 .55 ----··· .62 .70 .68 .85 2.8 2.0 1.9 1.3 1.2 

26 .............. .48 .55 .65 .62 ------- .68 . 91 2.8 1. 95 1.9 1.25 1.2 27 .............. .48 .55 .65 .62 ------- .68 .96 2.7 1. 95 1.9 1. 25 1.15 28 .............. .48 .55 .65 .62 ------- .68 1.15 2.6 1.95 1.9 1.2 i.15 

29 .............. .48 .58 .65 .62 ---···· .68 1.4 2.6 1.9 1.85 1.2 1.1 30 .............. .48 .60 .65 .62 ---···· .68 1. 55 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.1 31. ............. .48 ·-----· .65 .62 -·-···· .68 ------- 2.5 -----·- 1.8 1.2 ------- NoTE.-Discharge relation probably not materially affected by ice during the year. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, 

Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914-. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. ----------------------- !. ............. 60 95 117 122 117 130 124 378 810 490 442 231 2 .............. 60 95 122 122 117 130 124 442 810 490 442 231 3 .............. 63 95 122 122 117 130 124 540 810 490 442 231 4 .............. 63 98 122 122 122 130 122 565 810 490 398 231 5 .............. 66 101 127 122 122 130 122 590 810 490 398 231 

6 .............. 70 101 127 122 122 130 122 645 810 490 378 220 7 .............. 73 98 127 122 122 130 122 755 810 466 358 208 8 .............. 73 98 127 122 122 130 120 755 810 466 340 208 9 .............. 73 98 127 122 122 130 120 755 782 490 321 231 10 .............. 73 98 127 117 122 130 120 755 782 490 321 231 

11 .............. 73 98 122 117 127 130 117 1,110 755 490 304 220 12 .............. 76 98 122 117 127 127 117 1,110 755 490 304 231 13 ...... .-....... 83 98 122 117 127 127 117 1,110 755 515 287 231 14 .............. 90 98 122 117 127 127 116 1, 110 755 540 272 231 15 .............. 90 98 122 117 127 127 116 1,110 755 540 257 231 

16 .............. 90 106 122 117 127 127 114 1,110 728 540 257 231 17 .............. 95 a106 122 117 127 127 116 1,050 700 540 257 231 18 .............. 95 106 122 a117 127 127 124 1,050 672 540 257 231 19 .............. 95 106 122 117 127 127 128 1,050 540 540 257 231 20 .............. 95 106 122 117 127 127 135 1,050 540 540 257 231 

21. ............. 95 106 122 117 127 127 141 1,050 540 515 257 231 22 .............. 95 106 122 117 130 127 144 990 540 . 490 257 231 23 .............. 95 106 122 117 130 127 144 990 540 490 257 231 24 .............. 95 106 122 117 130 127 146 990 540 490 257 231 25 .............. 95 106 a 122 117 130 127 158 990 540 490 257 231 

26 .............. 95 106 122 117 a]30 127 169 990 515 490 244 231 27 .............. 95 106 122 117 a]30 127 179 930 515 490 244 220 28 .............. 95 106 122 117 a130 127 220 870 515 490 231 220 29 .............. 95 111 122 117 ------- 127 287 870 490 466 231 208 30 .............. 95 114 122 117 ----·-- 127 334 870 490 442 231 208 31. ............. 95 ....... 122 117 ------- 127 ----··· 810 ·------ 442 231 ------- a Interpolated. 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. 

97825° -WSP 385-15--5 
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Monthly di&charge of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, mar T01Mr, Minn. ,for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

(Dramage area 507 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

October ................................. 95 60 83.9 0.165 November .............................. 114 95 102 .201 December ••............................. 127 117 123 .243 

~!~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 122 117 118 .233 130 117 125 .247 130 127 128 .252 

~;~:.:::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::: 334 114 145 .286 1,110 378 884 1.74 Iune .................................... 810 490 674 1.33 

i~~i:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 540 442 497 .980 

442 231 298 .588 

September ••............................ 231 208 226 .446 

The year .......................... 1,110 60 285 .562 I 

LITTLE FORK RIVER AT LITTLE FORK, MINN. 

Run-ofi 

~d~th in Accu-

~agO: racy. 

area). 

0.19 B. • 22 A . • 28 A . . 27 A . • 26 A • • 29 A . • 32 A . 2.01 A. 1.48 A. 1.13 A. • 68 A . . 50 A • 

7.63 

Location.-In sec. 9, T. 68 N., R. 25 W., at the lower of the two highway bridges at 

Little Fork, Minn., 1! miles above the mouth of Beaver Brook. 

Records available::-June 23, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-1,720 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits 

of use: Hundredths below 5.0, half-tenths from 5.0 to 6,0, and tenths above 6.0 

feet. 

Channel and controL-Channel practically permanent. No well-defined control. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the bridge. 

Winter :flow.-River frozen over during the winter; discharge measurements made 

through the ice. 

Regulation.-River used throughout spring and summer for log driving, but there 

are no logging dams and flow is natural. 

Accuracy.-Conditions favorable and records reliable except for short periods during 

April and May, when there may be occasional backwater frQID. log jams at the 

railroad bridge below station. 

Discharge measurements of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. 

Dec. 26 Jan. 26 

Feb. 25 

Made by- G~e Dishelg t. charge. Date. Made by- h~t 

--- Feet. Sec.-ft. s. B. Soule. ........... 6.82 a233 May 16 s. B. Soule ............ ..... dO .. ! .............. 6.28 a 115 Aug. 14 J. B. Stewart ...•...... . .... do ....•............ 6.12 a82 

a Complete ice cover; measurement made about 160 feet above gage. b Logs running; no log jams noticed. 

Feet. 

11.25 

5. 79 

Discharge. 

--

Sec.-ft. 

b2,400 276 
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 67 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Theo. La Ohapelle, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ............. 6.3 6.9 9.5 6.5 '"il:i' 15.5 9.2 8.8 6.5 6.8 2 ............. 6.4 6.4 --··--- '"6:5· 6.2 6.6 17.3 8.9 9.2 6.2 6. 7 3 .............. 6.5 6.1 "9:5'' ......... --·---- ~- .. ---- 18.3 8. 7 9.6 6.1 6. 7 4 ..•.•....••... 7. 7 5.7 6.6 18.7 8.6 9.9 6.0 6.8 

5 .............. 8.1 5.7 6.4 6.2 6.1 --·---- 18.3 8.3 9.8 5.85. 7.0 

6 .............. 8.6 5.9 9.0 ------- 6.6 18.6 7.9 9.0 5.8 7.2. 7 .............. 9.2 6.4 ------- ........ 6.2 6.1 . ........ 17.8 7.5 8.2 5.6 7.3 

8 .............. 9.8 6.6 8.5 6.4 '"6:i' 16.9 7.4 7. 7 5.5 7.1 9 .............. 10.4 6.7 . ....... 6.2 6.8 15.8 12.8 7.6 5.7 7.0 

10 ...•.•....•.•. 10.6 6.6 6.4 --·---- ·····-- --·---- 15.2 14.6 7.8 5. 7 6.9 

11 .............. 10.8 6.4 7.9 '"ilj' 7.0 14.4 14.2 8.0 5.8 6.8 12 .............. 10.6 6.4 "1T 6.4 6.2 ... 7:o· 13.6 13.1 8.4 5.9 6.8 

13 .......••••.•. 10.5 6.4 . ....... '"6:i· "'6:2· 13.0 12.0 14.4 6.0 6.5 14 .............. 10.1 6.4 ------- '"6:4' ------- 12.4 11.0 16.4 5.9 6.4 15 .............. 9.5 6.4 6.6 --·---- ......... --·---- 11.7 10.3 16.1 5. 75 6.6 

16 ....•.•.•..... 8.9 6.4 ·····-- 6.1 6.2 10.2 11.2 10.0 15.4 5. 7 7.1 

17 .............. 8.6 6.4 6.4 --·---- ........ 13.1 10.8 9.6 14.4 5.8 7.5 

18 .............. 8.3 6.4 6.0 16.3 10.2 9.2 13.6 5.9 7.5 

19 .............. 8.0 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.2 16.8 10.3 9.5 12.7 6.0 7.6 20 •....•...•.... 8.0 6.4 5.65 ........ ........ --·---- 15.8 10.6 8.6 11.8 6.1 7.6 

21. •••••....•... 7.7 6.6 --·---- 6.0 6.2 15.2 11.2 7.8 11.0 6.3 7.8 22 .............. 7.2 7.4 5.55 6.2 14.6 12.1 7.4 10.0 6.6 8.0 23 .............. 7.2 .... ·---- ........... 6.1 6.3 14.2 12.6 6.8 9.0 6. 7 8.2 24 .............. 7.3 7.6 6.2 --·---- --·---- 13.9 12.0 6.4 7.9 6.8 8.2 

25 .............. 7.6 6.8 -···-·- .......... --·--·- 12.4 11.1 6.0 7.1 7.0 8.0 

26 .............. 7.8 ""8:2· 6.8 6.2 6.1 6.3 12.0 10.4 6.4 7.4 7.0 7.6 27 .............. 8.0 6.8 --··--· --·--·· ........ 11.7 10.9 6.8 7.2 6.9 7.2 

28 .............. 8.3 ------- ......... 6.1 6.3 12.0 10.0 7.4 6. 7 6.8 7.0 

29 .............. 8.2 8.8 6.6 6.2 ... -- .. -- --··-·· 13.3 10.1 7.8 6.4 6.8 6. 7 30 .•.••••••••••. 7.8 . ....... ------- ----··· 6.4 14.4 9.8 8.6 6.2 6.8 6.4' 

31. ............. 7.4 --·---- ---·--- 6.2 --·---- --·--·- ·------ 9.5 6.3 6.9 

NOTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Nov. 7-30 and Dec. 5, 1913, to Apr. 16, 1914, and by backwater from log jam Apr. 17-24 and May 2-3. 
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in aeoond1eet, of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914-. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1-----------------------

1. ............. 423 612 1,680 --·---- --·---- ------- --·---- 4, 760 1,540 1,360 482 578 

2 .•....•.... , .•. 452 452 1,680 ---···- ----·-- --·---- o5,340 1,410 1,540 395 545 

3 .......•.•.... 482 368 1,680 ........ ----·-- -····-- 0/i, 9."l0 1,320 1, 720 368 545 

4 .......•.•.... 909 264 1,680 ------- --·-·-- --·---- 6,520 1,280 1,860 341 578 

'5 .........•.... 1,070 264 ------- ------- ----·-- --···-- --·---- 6,300 1,150 1,820 302 647 

6 .............. 1,280 315 ······- ----·-- ----··· ----·-- ------- 6,460 989 1,460 289 719 

7 ..... ~ .•...... 1,540 --·-··· --····- ----·-- -·--·-- ---- .. -- ··-···· 6,020 831 1,110 240 756 

8 ......•....... 1,820 --·--·· ------- ----··· ------- ----·-- ----··· 5,520 793 909 216 683 

9 ..•........... 2,080 --·---- --····· ----··- ........ ------- . ....... 4,920 3,270 870 264 647 

10 .............. 2,180 ........ --····· ----··· ------- ........ --·--·- 4,590 4,260 949 264 612 

11 ......•.•..... 2,260 ------- ····-·· --·--·- ........ ------- . ....... 4,150 4,040 1,030 289 578 

12 .......•....•. 2,180 --·---- ........ --·---- ······· ....... ····-·· 3, 710 3,440 1,190 315 578 

13 ....•.••.••.•. 2,130 ........ --·---- ···---- --···-- --·---- --·---- 3,380 2,860 4,150 341 482 

14 ....•.•.•..••. 1,950 --·---- ------- ........ ------- ····--- --·---- 3,060 2,360 5,250 315 452 

15 .......•••.... 1,680 ------- ··--·-- ·····-- ----·-- --···-- ----·-- 2, 710 2,040 5,080 276 513 

16 .............. 1,410 --·---- ------- -·····- ....... ----·-- ----··· 2,460 1,900 4, 700 264 683 17 •.•••••••••••• 1,280 ·····-- ------- ----·-- ........ ----·-- ---···- 2,260 1, 720 4,150 289 831 

18 .•...••...... 1,150 ------- ----·-- ----·-· ··-···· ---···- ----·-- 2,000 1,540 3, 710 315 831 

19 .............. 1,030 --·---- ······- ....... ··-···· --·-··- ----·-- 2,040 1,680 3,220 341 870 20 .............. 1,030 ....... ······· ----·-- ------- --·---- --·---- 2,180 1,280 2, 760 368 870 

21. .....•....... 909 ······· ·····-- ----·-- ------- ---··-- ---··-- 2,460 949 2,360 423 949 22 ..•••••••••••• 719 ·····-- --·---- --·---- --·-·-- --·---- --·---- 2,910 793 1,900 513 1,030 23 ....•....•.... 719 -······ ·····-- ······· ----·-- ------- ........ 3,160 578 1,460 545 1,110 24 .•.•..•.•••••. 756 ------- --·---- --·---- ------- --··-·· · a;ooo· 2,860 452 989 578 1,110 25 .••.••••••.... 870 ------- --·---- ------- ------- ........ 2,410 341 683 647 1,030 

26 ......•.•••••. 949 --·-·-· ....... --····- -----·- ------- 2,860 2,080 452 793 647 870 

27 ...•.•.•••.... 1,030 --·--·- ....... ·-·-·-- -·-···· -·--··· 2, 710 2,310 578 719 612 719 

28 ...•.•.••..... 1,150 ···-·-- --·-·-- ....... ······- ------- 2,860 1,900 793 545 578 647 

29 ..••••••••••.. 1,110 --····· ....... ······- ·····-- -···-·· 3,540 1,950 949 452 578 545 

30 .....•.....•.. 949 --·---- ----··- ----·-- ---·--- ------- 4,150 1,820 1,280 395 578 452 

31. ............. 793 ······- ······· ----·-- ------- ···-··- -····-- 1,680 423 612 

a Estimated. 

N oTE.-Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge estimated, because of 

ice, from gage heights, observer's notes~ discharge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Nov. 7-20, 300 second-feet; Nov. 21-30, 930 seconu-feet; Dec. 5-15, 950 second-feet; Dec. 16-31, 280 second-feet; Jan. 1- 15, 150 second-feet; Jan. 16-31, 115 second-feet; Feb. 1-5, 112 second-feet; Feb. 6-8, 97 second-feet; Feb. 9-18, 86 second-feet; Feb. 19-28, 78 second-feet; Mar. 1-11, 78 second-feet; Mar. 12-17, 86 second-feet; Mar. 18-31, 114 second-feet; Apr. 1-16, 383 second-feet; and Apr. 17-24, 2, 260 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of LiUle Fork River at Little Fork, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914-. 

[Drainage area, 1,720 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maxlmum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

gg~,!:J).;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ...... ~:~ ......... ~. 

r=~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ...... ~·-~~- :::::::::::: 

February .•...••••.•••••••....................................•. March ........•.•...•••••••.•.................................... 

i~.~LH~~HHHEiHi ······~~m· ...... i;m· 

September.............................. 1, 110 452 

Theyear .....•.•••..•............. 6,520 

1,240 

526 

698 

132 

89.0 

95.8 1,450 

3,540 

1,560 

1,:: 

715 

1,040 

0. 721 

• 306 

.406 

.077 

.052 

.056 

.843 

2.06 

. 907 

1.12 

. 236 

• 416 

.605 

Run-oft 

{ d~th in Accu-

~;:a: racy. 

area). 

0.83 B . .34 c. .47 c. 

.09 c. .05 c. .06 c. 

.94 c. 2.38 B. 

1.01 B . 

1.29 B. 

.27 B • .46 B • 

8.19 
SURli'ACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 69 

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE SANDY RIVER, NEAR LIBBY, MINN. 

Location.-In sec. 25, T. 50 N., R. 24 W., near Libby post office in Aitkin County, 

Minn., a short distance above the mouth of Sandy River .. 

Records available.-September I, 1895, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.--4,510 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff located just above mouth of Sandy River, but records are not 

used in the estimate of discharge, which is based on frequent discharge measurements, the daily estimate being interpolated between dates of measurements. 

Discharge measurements.-Made by an employee of the United States Engineer 

Corps stationed at Sandy Lake dam. 

Regulation.-Flow at station controlled in the interest of navigation by three reservoirs, namely, Lake Winnibigoshish, Leech Lake, and Pokegama Falls. 

Cooperation.-Station maintained by United States Engineer Corps to determine 

flow of river above Sandy Lake reservoir. 

Daily disCharge, in secondjeet, of Mississippi River above Sandy River, near Libby, Minn., 

for the year ending Sept . .'JO, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.l June. July.~ Aug. Sept. 

1. ............. I,420 I,400 2.............. I, 480 I, 390 3 ......•...•... I, 550 I,390 4 .............. I,6IO I,380 5.............. I, 680 I, 380 

1,380 

1,370 

I,370 

1,370 

I,360 

1,310 

1,300 

1,290 

1,270 

1,260 

1,250 

1,230 

1,220 

1,200 

1,190 

11.............. I, 790 I, 360 l, ISO I2 .............. I,760 I,350 I,I60 I3 .............. I,730 I,350 I,I50 I4.............. I, 710 I, 350 I, I40 I5.............. I, 680 I, 340 I, I20 

16.............. 1, 650 1, 340 17 ............•. 1,620 1,340 18.............. 1, 590 I, 330 19.............. 1, 560 1, 330 20 .............. ai, 540 1,320 

21.............. 1, 520 1, 320 22.............. 1, 510 1, 320 23 .............. 1,500 a1,310 

24.............. 1, 490 1, 320 25.............. 1, 480 1, 320 

1,110 

1,090 

1,080 

1,070 

1,050 

1,040 

1,020 

1,010 

a995 

997 

26 ....•...•..... 1,470 

1,460 

1,440 

1,430 

1,420 

1,400 

1,320 998 27 ............. . 1,320 999 28 ............. . 29 ••............ 

30 ............. . 31. •.•...•...... 

1,320 1,000 

1,320 1, 000 a}, 330 1, 000 al,OOO 

1,~~ 

993 

990 

986 

982 

978 

973 

a968 

960 

8I3 

795 

777 

759 

74I 

723 

a704 

702 

700 

698 

951 695 942 692 932 690 920 a689 910 678 

900 

a893 

869 

845 

821 

797 

773 

749 

a725 

740 

755 

770 

785 

800 

815 

a831 

667 

656 

646 

636 

626 

616 

a606 

599 

592 

585 

578 

571 

a564 

570 

575 

580 

586 

592 

597 

a602 

602 

602 

603 

603 

603 

604 

604 

a605 

6I2 

6I8 

625 

632 

638 

645 

652 

659 

a666 

670 

675 

680 

684 

688 

692 

a697 

708 1, 720 720 1, 830 731 1, 940 742 2,060 754 2,180 

765 2, 290 777 2,400 788 2, 520 a 800 2, 640 823 a2, 750 

I,800 2,300 I,680 

I, 910 2, 290 I, 660 2, 030 2, 280 I, 640 2, I40 2, 270 I, 620 2,260 2,260 I, 600 

2,380 2,250 I,590 

2, 490 2, 240 a I, 570 2, 6IO a2, 230 I, 590 2, 720 2, 200 I, 6IO 2, 840 2, I80 I, 630 

846 2, 680 a2, 960 2,150 1, 650 869 2, 600 2, 740 2,120 1, 680 892 2, 530 2, 520 2,100 1, 700 915 2, 460 2, 300 a2, 070 a} 720 938 2, 390 2, 080 2, 020 1; 770 

a 961 2, 320 al, 860 1, 980 1, 810 967 2, 240 1, 870 1, 930 1, 860 974 2,170 1,880 1,890 1,910 980 2,100 1, 880 1, 840 1, 960 987 a2, 020 I, 890 1, 800 2, 010 

994 1,950 1,900 1,750 2,060 

1, 000 1, 870 1, 900 1, 720 2,110 

1,010 1,790 a1,910 1,670 a2,160 

a}, 010 1, 720 1, 960 a}, 620 2,160 

1, 110 1, 640 2, 020 1, 630 2, 160 

1, 210 al, 560 2, 080 1

1

,664

5

0

0 2,160 

1, 310 1, 580 2, 140 , 2, 170 1,400 1,610 2,190 1,660 2,170 

1,500 1,630 2,250 1,680 2,170 

1, 600 1, 660 a2, 310 1, 680 2,180 

al, 690 at, 700 a2, 180 

a Discharge measurement. 

2,160 

2,150 

2,140 

2120 

2;11o 

2,1.00 

a2,080 

2,130 

2,180 

2,230 

2,280 

2,330 

2,380 

2,430 

2,480 

a2,530 

2,480 

2,440 

2,390 

2,340 

2,300 

2,250 

a2, 200 

2,210 

2,230 

2,240 

2,260 

2,270 

2,280 

a2,300 
70 strRFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Montllly diBclulrg6 of .MVBiBBippi River above Sandy 1Uver, mar Liliby, Minn., for the 

year ending Sept. 90, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 4,510 square mllesa.~ 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-o:tr 

Month. (total in 

Dilllio:ns of 

'Maximum. Minimum. Mean. cubic feet). 

October. • • • • • • • . • . . . . • . • . • . . . . • . . • . • . • . • . • . . . • . • . . . • • . • • • 11, 880400 November............................................... , December •••..............................•....•......•. , 1,310 

:ranuary.................................................. 1,m t~·:.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 697 

E:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~;r! July •••• :.: •••.•.•.... ··•·•·•·•··....•............•......• 2,300 

te=b&:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::· ~;Wo 1----1----1 

Theyear........................................... 2,960 

1 400 l·~ 4,280 

1;310 3,500 995 11 120 725 '882 ~·~ 564 671 11 620 570 628 11680 708 969 2;510 

1,560 2,080 5,570 

1,800 2,190 1620 1 960 ~·~ 1;570 1;870 5;010 

2,080 2,270 5,880 

5641 1,470 46,300 

a Discharge in "Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth In inches)" not published for this ~e area because the flow at the station is modified by the operation of six reservoirs in the Interest 

of naVJgation, as noted under "Regulation" in station description. NOTE.-Computed by «mgineers of the United States Geological Survey from daily discharge record 

furnished by the United States Engineer Corps. . 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ST. PAUL, MINN. 

Loca.tion.-Near foot of Robert Street, St. Paul, Minn., 6 miles below mouth of 

Minnesota. River. 

Records a.va.fia.ble.-Gage heights by United States Signal Service (later United 

States Weather Bureau) 1873 to 1914. Many discharge measuremen~ by United 

States Engineer Corps prior to 1900. Measurements made by United States 

Geological Survey 1909 to 1914. Daily discharge March 1, 1892, to September 

30,1914. 

Dra.ina.ge ·a.rea..-35, 700 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage installed May 9, 1913, on Chicago & Great Western Railroad 

bridge, about 800 feet below vertical staff near foot of Wabasha Street used prior 

to that date; ea.me datum. Gage read once daily to tenths. .Limits of use: 

Tenths at all stages. Previous to 1911 a vertical staff was located on the Diamond 

:roe Line wharf at the foot of Jackson Street, about 400 feet below the chain gage. 

At the lower end of the wharf is the gage of the United States Engineer Corps, the 

datum of which is 0.5 foot higher than that of the Wea.ther·Bureau gage, to which. 

the following data are referred. 

Cb.a.nnel a.nd coutrol.-No well-defined control; channel somewhat shifting. 

Disoha.rge mea.aurements.-Made from the Omaha Railway:bridge, 2 miles above 

station. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 71 

Winter :flow.-River frozen from December to March, when monthly estimates of 

flow are based on records of United States Engineer Corps at Lock and Dam No.2 

below Minneapolis, an allowance being made for the flow of Minnesota River. 

Regulation.-Flow regulated somewhat by Government reservoirs on the headwaters 

at Lake Winnibigoshish, Leech Lake, Pokegama Falls, Sandy Lake, Pine River, 

and Gull Lake, but the effect of these reservoirs is observable very gradually at 

St. Paul. It is possible that during extreme low water the shutting of the wheel 

gates of the power plants at the nearest dam, at Minneapolis, may cause daily 

fluctuations of stage at St. Paul. 

Maximum and minimum :fl.ow.-Highest recorded discharge, amounting to 117,000 

second-feet, occurred July 22, 1867. Since 1892 highest discharge has been 

80,800 second-feet. The winter flow has fallen nearly as low as 1,000 second-feet. 

Accuracy.-As the Weather Bureau gage is read once daily the recorded mean gage 

height for the day may be somewhat in error, although occasional additional readings have shown this was not serious. Up to 1900 the United States Engineer 

Corps made many discharge measurements at St. Paul, the results of which are 

published by the Mississippi River Commission. Although the base data for 

estimating the daily flow of the river are available fvr years prior to 1892, the 

reservoir system, which has had a marked influence on the regimen of the river, 

was not then in complete operation and it is evident that the earlier records have 

lost much of their value as indications of probable future flow. 

Cooperation.-Gage heights furnished by the United States Weather Bureau. Data 

on which mean monthly flow from January to March has been based furnished 

by United States Engineer Corps. 

Discharge measurements of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. height. charge. 

---

Feet. Sec.:{J. Feet. Sec.-ft. May 4 Soule and Stewart ..... 5.64 14, 00 Sept. 2 Soule and Stewart ..... 4.00 10,300 

June 18 ..... do ................. 9.59 27,200 
72 SURFACE WATER syPPLY, 1914, ~ART V. 

Daily gage 'heiqht, in feet, of MiBBissippi River at St. Paul, Minn., for the year endi119 

Sept. 80, 1914-. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ja.n. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--f----- f---,_ ---- L ...... · ....... 1.8 2.4 1.9 0.8 0.9 1.4 2.2 3.8 3.6 11.9 4.2 3.8 

2 .•••.•.•...... 1.8 2.4 2.0 .8 .4 1.4 2.2 4.2 3.6 12.0 4.2 3.8 

3 .••...•.••.... 1. 7 2.5 2.0 .5 .9 1.1 2.3 5.2 4.1 12.2 4.0 3.8 

4 .••..••••.•••• 1.5 2.5 2.1 .5 .3 1.2 2.5 5.4 4.0 12.2 4.0 3.7 

5 .••••••••••••. 1.8 2.3 2.1 .4 .8 1.2 2.6 5. 7 4.1 12.1 4.0 3.6 

6 .•••••••••••.. 1.1 2.3 2.0 .4 1.1 1.2 2. 7 5.8 4.5 11.9 3.9 3.5 

7 .•.••••••••••. 1.7 2.2 2.0 .4 .5 1.1 2. 7 5.9 4. 7 11.6 3.9 3.3 

8 ...•••.•.•••.. 1.8 2.1 1.9 .4 1.2 1.0 2.5 6.0 4.8 11.2 3.8 3.2 

9 .•.•...•.•.... 1.8 2.0 1.9 .5 1.7 .9 2.6 5.9 5.4 10.8 3. 7 3.2 

10 .•.•••.•.••... 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.5 .6 2. 7 5.8 6.2 10.2 4.0 3.0 

11 ...••••••••••• 2.4 2.1 .8 2.1 1.3 .4 2.8 5. 7 7.4 9.8 3. 7 3.1 

12 ...••..••..... 3.1 2.1 .9 1.3 1.0 .2 2.8 5.8 8.1 9.3 3.5 3.1 

13 ...•....•..... 3.2 2.1 1.1 1.5 1.3 .0 2.5 5.6 8.8 8.9 3.5 3.1 

14 .•.•.......... 3.3 2.0 1.1 1.7 1.1 .0 2.4 5.5 9.4 8.4 3.4 3.5 

15 ...•.......... 3.5 1.9 .9 2.0 1.1 .o 2.2 5.4 9. 7 8.1 3.2 4.0 

16 ...•....•..... 3.8 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.1 -.3 2.2 5.2 9.8 7. 7 2.9 4.4 

17 ••••....••.... 3.8 1.8 1.1 1. 7 1.1 -.3 2.1 4.9 9.8 7.3 2.9 4. 7 

18 •.•..•.•.•.... 3.9 1. 7 •1.0 1.4 1.1 -.2 2.0 4.8 9.6 6.9 3.0 5.0 

19 ••.....••••..• 3.9 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.1 .o 2.0 4.4 9.5 6.5 3.1 6.5 

20 •••••••••••••• 3.6 1.4 .5 .6 1.1 .3 2.1 4.4 9.5 6.0 3.1 5.8 

21. •••.......•.. 3.5 1.4 .4 1.1 1.1 .2 2.3 4.0 9.4 5.9 3.0 5.8 22 •••••••••••••• 3.4 1.5 .o 1.8 1.1 1.6 2.2 3.9 9.3 5.6 2.9 5.6 23 .••••••••••••. 3.4 1.4 .o 2.0 1.1 1.5 2.2 4.0 9.5 5.6 3. 7 5.5 

24 •••••••••••••• 3.2 1.4 -.1 1. 7 1.2 1.5 2.3 4.0 9.6 5.3 3.4 5.4 

25 .•••••••••.••. 3.0 1.5 .1 1.4. 1.2 1. 7 2.8 3.6 9.4 5.0 3.5 5.1 

26 .•.•••••••.... 2.8 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.8 3.5 9.6 4.5 3.5 4.9 

27 .•.•••••••.... 2. 7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.8 2.9 3.8 10.0 4.5 3.5 4.7 

28 ••.•••••.•.... 2.6 1. 7 1.5 1. 7 1.3 1.8 3.3 3.8 10.3 4.3 3.6 4.7 

29 •••••••••••••• 2.6 1.8 1.6 1.1 ------- 1. 7 3.2 3.6 10.9 4.3 3.5 4.4 

30 •••••••••••..• 2.5 1.8 1. 4 1.1 ------- 2.0 3.5 3.6 11.6 4.2 3.5 4.3 

31. ••........... 2.5 -·----- 1.0 1.2 -----·· 2.2 ........... 3. 7 ............. 4.3 3.4 .. .......... 

NoTE.-D!schargerelatlon atl'ected by ice about Dec. 26, 1913, to Mar. 9,1914. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 73 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------------------------------- 1.. ------------ 5,910 7,010 6,090 ------- ------- ·------ 2 ______________ 6,630 9,920 9,480 38,600 10,800 9,920 

5,910 7,010 6,270 ------- ------- ······- a ______________ 6,6HO 10,800 9,480 39,200 10,800 9,920 

5, 730 7,200 e,210 ------- ------- ----··· 4 ______________ 6,820 13,300 10,600 40,500 10,400 9,920 

5,390 7,200 6,450 ------- ------- ......... 7,200 13,800 10,400 40,500 10,400 9, 700 

5-------·------ 5,910 6,820 6,450 ------- ......... ------- 7,400 14,600 10,600 39,800 10,400 9,480 

6 ______________ 4, 720 6,820 6,270 ------- ---···· --·---- 7 ______________ 7,600 14,900 11,500 38,600 10,100 9,260 

5, 730 6,630 6,270_ 7,600 15,200 12,000 36,800 10,100 8,840 8 .••••.•.••.•.. 5,910 6,450 6,090 ------- ---···· ·····-· 7,200 15, 500 112, 200 9 ______________ 34,500 9,920 8,630 

5,910 6,270 6,090 ------- ---·-·· -4;ooo· 10 ______________ 7,400 15,200 13, 800 32,500 9, 700 8,630 

5,910 6,270 5,220 ------- ........ 7,600 14,900 16,000 29,800 10,400 8,210 

11 ______________ 7,010 6,450 4,300 ------- ······- 12 ______________ 3,840 7,800 14,600 19,700 28,200 9, 700 8,420 

8,420 6,450 4,430 ------- -----·- 13 ______________ 3,650 7,800 14,900 22, 000 26,300 9,260 8,420 

8,630 6,450 4, 720 ------- -----·- 14 ______________ 3,480 7,200 14, 400 24,500 24,800 9,260 8,420 

8,840 6,270 4, 720 ........ ------- 15 ______________ 3,480 7,010 14, 100 26, 700 23,000 9,050 9,260 

9,260 6,090 4,430 -----·- ------- 3,480 6,630 13,800 27,900 22,000 8,630 10,400 

16 ______________ 9,920 5,910 4, 720 ---·--- ------- 17 ______________ 3,280 6,630 13,300 28,200 20,600 8,000 11,300 

9,920 5,910 4, 720 ------- -----·- 18 ______________ 3,280 6,4.10 12,500 28,200 19,300 8,000 12,000 

10,100 5, 730 4,570 ------- ------- 19 ______________ 3,340 6,270 12,200 27,500 18,100 8,210 12,800 

10,100 5,390 4,570 ------- ------- 20 ______________ 3,480 6,270 11,300 27,100 16,900 8,420 14,100 

9,480 5,220 3,950 ····--· ------- 3, 740 6,450 11,300 27,100 15,500 8,420 14,900 

21_ _____________ 9,260 5,220 3,840 ........ ------- 22 ______________ 3,650 6,820 10,400 26,700 15,200 8,210 14,900 

9,050 5,390 3,480 ------- ------- 23 ______________ 5,560 6,630 10,100 26,300 14,400 8,000 14,400 

9,050 5,220 3,480 ------- ------- 24 ______________ 5,390 6,630 10,400 27,100 14,400 9, 700 14,100 

8,630 5,220 3,410 ------- ------- 25 ______________ 5,390 6,820 10,400 27,500 13,600 9,050 13,800 

8,210 5,390 3,560 ------- ------- 5, 730 7,800 9,480 26,700 12,800 9,260 13,000 

26 ______________ 7,800 5,390 ------- ------- ------- 27 ______________ 5,910 7,800 9,260 27,500 11,500 9,260 12,500 

7,600 5,560 ------- ------- ------- 28 ______________ 5,910 8,000 9,920 29,000 11,500 9,260 12,000 

7,400 5, 730 ------- ------- ------- 29 ______________ 5,910 8,840 9,920 30,200- 11,000 9,480 12,000 

7,400 5,910 ------- ------- ------- 5, 730 8,630 9,480 33,000 11,000 9,260 11,300 30 ______________ 7,200 5,910 ------- -----·- ------- 6,270 9,260 9,480 36,800 10,800 9,260 11,000 31. _____________ 7,200 -·----- ------- -----·- ------- 6,630 ------- 9, 700 11,000 9,050 -·--·--

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Dischar~e estimated, because of 

lee, from records of discharge at lock and dam No. 2 by United States Engineer Corps and flow at Man· 

kato as follows: Dec. 26-31, 3,500 second-feet; Jan, 1-31, 3,800 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 3,300 second-feet; and 

Mar. 1-9, 3,700 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

Discbarge in second-feet. 

Month. 1----~----7-----IAccu­ racy. Maximum. Minimum. 

October. __ ----- ___ ------- _____ ------------------------------___ 10,100 4, 720 November _________ -------------------------------·------------ 7,200 5,220 December ___________ ---- __ ------------------------------------- 6,450 . ----------- January. _______________________________________________________ ------------------------

~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ------6;63o· ----··a;zso· 

fu~~-----::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~i:~ u~ 

t~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: i~:a l! 

The year .. ___ ... ____ .------.--.-------------------------- 40,500 

Mean. 

7,660 B. 

6,080 B. 

4,690 B. 

3,800 D. 

3,300 D. 

4,340 B. 

7,260 B. 

12,200 A. 

22,200 A. 

23,300 B. 

9,350 B. 

11,100 B. 

9,630 
74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

SANDY RIVER BELOW SANDY LAKE RESERVOm, MINN. 

Loca.tion.-At the Sandy Lake dam near Libby post office, Aitkin County, Minn., 1 

mile above mouth of Sandy River. 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-July 7, 1893, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-424 square miles. 

Area. of reservoir behind da.m.-At low-stage, 8 square miles; at high stage, 16.5 

square miles; these areas, with a range of 9.4 feet, give a capacity of 3,127,900,000 

cubic feet. · 

Discharge.-The discharge over the dam is computed from the :flow through the openings and from frequent discharge measurements made by an employee who resides 

near the dam. At extreme :flood stages the Mississippi dro1\'-ns out the dam and 

:fills Sandy Lake reservoir as much as 3 feet higher than was intended. If the 

Mississippi is at fairly high stage and the dam is open there is frequently a considerable reverse :flow into the reservoir, but the amount has not been computed. 

Regula.tion.-Flow at station is wholly controlled by S~dy Lake reservoir. 

Accura.cy.-The section available for making discharge measurements is not adapted 

to measuring low discharge, and records below 200 to 300 second-feet may be 

subject to an error of 20 to 25 per cent. Discharge records for higher stag!ls good. 

Ooopera.tion.--Station maintained by United States Engineer Corps for the purposeof measuring the :flow from the Sandy Lake reservoir, which is one unit in the 

Government reservoir system at the headwaters of the Mississippi. 

Daily di8charge, in second-feet, of Sandy River below Sandy Lalce reservoir, Minn., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 191.4-. 

Day. Oct; Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. _Sept. 

------------------ -- 1. •....•....•.. 500 10 107 17 24 5 47 5 64 1,500 802 5 2 ••••.••••••.•. 501 10 104 17 24 5 54 5 232 1,500 800 5 3 ••••.••••.•••• 501 10 104 16 24 5 47 5 269 1,500 800 5 4 •••••••••••••. 600 10 104 17 23 6 5 6 391 1,500 800 39 6 .•.••••••••••. 600 10 88 17 23 6 5 6 643 1,500 802 19 

6 .•••.••••.•••• 501 10 63 16 23 6 6 6 694 1,600 802 16 7 .•••.••••••••• 490 10 50 17 23 6 6 6 909 1,600 799 77 

8 .••....•.•.... 230 10 48 16 23 6 5 6 1,580 1,500 799 5 9 •.•.•.••.••••. 250 10 62 16 23 6 5 6 2,000 1,500 799 166 10 •••••.•••••••. 200 10 68 16 23 6 5 6 1,810 1,500 801 5 

11 •.••••.••••.•. 140 .10 67 16 23 5 6 6 25 1,000 798 6 12 •.•••••••••.•. "180 10 68 17 23 5 6 6 25 1,200 .. 801 6 13 ••••••••••.••. 170 10 65 26 23 5 6 6 600 1,: 800 6 

14 .•.••••••••••. 140 10 65 25 23 5 6 6 603 799 6 16 ••.•.••••.•.•. 140 10 65 25 16 6 6 6 602 803 801 110 

16 ••••.••••••••• 115 10 53 26 15 5 5 6 502 803 401 6 17 •••.•.••••.••. 115 10 52 24 16 6 6 6 798 799 3119 5 18 .•••••••••••.. 121 . 10 50 23 15 5 5 5 1 200 407 403 5 

19 ••••••••••••.• 104 10 50 23 15 5 5 5 1:210 290 102 6 20 ••••••••••.•.. 104 10 45 24 15 6 6 5 1,500 200 100 6 

21 •••••••••••••• 109 66 32 24 15 6 5 5 1,500 602 100 5 22 •••••••••••••• 99 93 32 23 15 15 6 6 1,500 500 101 6 23 •••••••••••••• 97 118 33 23 15 16. 6 6 1,500 501 6 5 24 •••••••••••••• 10 173 25 24 16 23 6 5 1,500 500 6 99 25 ••• -••••••••••• 10 176 25 24 15 32 6 6 1,500 603 6 84 

26 •••••••••••••• 10 176 16 24 15 40 5 5 1,500 499 6 84 27 •••••••••••••• 10 139 16 24 15 40 6 6 1,500 800 6 70 28 .••••••••••••• 10 .122 17 23 15 47 5 6 1,500 802 6 6 

29 •••••••••••••• 10 122 17 23 ••.r;···· 47 6 6 1,500 803 6 6 30 •••••••••••••• 10 126 16 23 ........... 47 6 6 1,500 801 5 126 

81. ••••••••••••• 10 ............. 17 24 ........... 47 .......... 6 . ........ 800 6 .......... 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 75 

Monthly discharge of Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off 

Month. 1----,.------.,----1 ~fll1~~~f Maximum. Minimum. Mean. cubic feet). 

October ................................................. . November .............................................. . December ............................................... . January ................................................. . 

~~~~·-·.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

~~~·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: June .................................................... . 

i.~~~i:.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: September .............................................. . 

The year .................................... ··.····· 

501 

176 

107 

25 

24 

47 

54 

5 

2,000 

1,500 802 

166 

10 

10 

16 

16 

15 

5 

5 

5 

25 

200 5 

5 

190 

50.0 

49.8 

21.0 

19.2 

14.8 

9.4 

5.0 1,010 

968 

440 

32.8 1------1------1-----

2,000 5 236 

509 

130 

133 

56.2 

46.4 

39.6 

24.4 

13.4 2,620 

2,590 

1,180 85.0 

7,430 

NoTE.~omputed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from the record of daily discharge furnished by the United States Engineer Corps. "Discharge in second-feet per square mile" and "Run- . off (depth in inches)" not computed for this drainage area because the flow past the station is affected 

by the operation (in the interest of navigation) of reservoirs. 

PINE RIVER BELOW PINE RIVER RESERVOIR, MINN. 

Location.-In T. 137 N., R. 27 W., just below the dam at the outlet of Cross Lake, 

which is 15 miles above the mouth of the river in the central part of Crow Wing 

County. 

Records available.-March, 1886, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-452 square miles. 

Area o:f reservoir surface above dam.-At low water 18 square miles; at high 

water 24 square miles. These areas, with a range of 16.15 feet, give a capacity of 

7, 732,900,000 cubic feet. The dam raises the water level in Cross, Pine, Daggett, 

Rush, Whitefish, Trout, and Hay lakes by varying amounts. 

Discharge.-Determined from daily gage heights representing the head at the dam 

and from the various-sized openings in the dam. Discharge measurements are 

made about once a week to check these estimates. Although the discharge of the 

dam represents the :flow from the reservoir it does not represent the entire flow of 

Pine River at its mouth because between the two points the drainage area is 

increased from 452 to 691 square miles by Little Pine River and one or two other 

minor tributaries. 

Cooperation.-Station is maintained by the United States Engineer Corps for the 

purpose of measuring the flow from Pine River reservoir, the lowest in the present 

system of Government reservoirs on the headwaters of the Mississippi. 
76 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Daily diScharge, in second-feet, of Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn.,for the 

year ending Sept. 90, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------ 1. ............. 123 115 120 119 122 126 126 63 67 70 ·a.446 516 2 .............. 122 G115 120 119 122 126 126 1J64 67 70 455 516 3 .....•.•..•.•. 121 115 120 G119 123 126 126 64 67 69 153 515 4 .............. G120 115 120 119 123 126 1162 64 67 G68 452 514 5 .............. 120 115 119 119 123 126 62 65 67 68 450 512 

6 .............. 121 115 11119 119 123 126 62 65 G68 68 448 508 7 .............. 121 115 119 119 G123 G126 62 65 69 68 446 G504 

8 .............. 122 11115 120 120 123 126 62 65 69 68 G444 506 9 •••.•••...•... 122 115 120 120 123 126 62 1166 69 68 446 508 10 •....•...••... G122 115 121 G120 123 126 62 66 70 68 448 510 

11 .............. 124 116 121 120 123 126 1J63 66 70 140 478 512 12 .............. 122 116 121 121 123 127 63 66 70 G298 480 514 

13 .............. 120 116 G122 121 123 127 63 66 1171 300 482 512 14 .............. 118 117 122 122 G123 11127 63 66 71 300 484 510 

15 .............. 116 G117 122 122 123 127 63 66 70 310 a486 505 

16 .............. 116 117 123 123 123 126 63 a67 69 465 490 500 17 .............. 115 118 123 G123 124 126 63 67 69 465 495 495 18 .............. 112 118 123 123 124 126 G63 67 68 465 500 490 19 .. , ........... 112 118 124 123 124 126 63 67 67 400 508 1J487 

20 .............. 112 119 a124 123 125 125 63 67 a66 G343 515 488 

21 .............. 113 119 123 123 a125 G125 63 67 66 340 528 490 22 .............. 113 a120 123 122 125 125 63 67 67 250 G535 491 23 .............. 113 120 122 122 125 125 63 G68 67 435 534 492 24 .............. 114 120 122 G122 125 126 63 68 68 436 534 493 25 .............. 114 120 121 122 125 126 a63 68 68 G437 533 495 

26 .............. 114 120 120 122 125 126 63 68 69 437 533 1J496 

27 .............. 114 120 G119 122 126 127 63 68 G70 '436 532 494 28 .............. 114 121 119 122 a126 127 63 68 70 436 531 492 

29 .............. 114 G121 119 122 -·-···· 127 63 68 71 437 530 490 30 .............. 114 121 119 122 ........ 127 63 G67 71 438 525 488 31. ............. 114 .......... 119 G122 ......... 127 ........ 67 . ........ 437 G518 .......... 

a Discharge measurement. 

Monthly di8charge of Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. 90, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 452 square miles.] a 

Discharge In second-feet. 

Month. 

October ................................................. . November ........................................... , .•. December ............................................... . 

~~·:·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

r:t:: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: =~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Theyear .......................................... . 

Maximum, 

1:14 

121 

124 

123 

126 

127 

126 

68 

71 

465 

535 

516 

535 

Minimum. Mean. 

112 117 115 117 

119 121 

119 121 122 124 125 126 62 69.1 63 66.3 66 68.6 68 280 444 492 487 501 

62 184 

Run-oft 

(total In millions of cubic feet). 

313 

303 

324 

324 

300 

337 

179 

178 

178 

750 

1,320 

1,300 

5,810 

a "Discharge In second-feet per square mile," and "Run-oft (depth In Inches)" not computed because 

flow past the gagfug statlon.ls r8gulated In the Interest of navigatiOn, as noted In the station diacr:lptlon. 

NOTB.-Com_puted by eJ!g!neers of the United States Geological Survey from record of dally discharge fumlshed· by tb.e United Stites Engineer Corps. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 77 

CROW WING RIVER AT NIMROD, MINN. 

Location.-In sec. 32, T. 137 N., R. 33 W., at the steel highway bridge at Nimrod 

post office, about 12 miles east of Sebeka, the nearest railroad point; 1 mile above 

the mouth of Cat River, and 1 mile below the mouth of Willow Creek. 

Records available.-April 15, 1910, to September 30, 1914, when station was discontinued. 

Drainage area.-1,010 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage, attached to the bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to 

quarter-tenths. Limits of use: hundredths below 5.5, half-tenths between 5.5 

and 6.0, and tenths above 6.0 feet. 

Channel and control.-No well-defined control; a decided change took place in 

the channel during the summer of 1914, as indicated by discharge measurements 

made during the year. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the bridge. 

Winter fiow.-Affected by ice; observations discontinued. 

, Regulation.-River used for log driving. No trouble from log jams since establishment of station. A dam at the outlet of Lower Crow Wing Lake controls the water 

from that portion of the drainage area. River has considerable fall near station, 

and 1 mile above makes a descent of 12 feet, known as Western Rapids. 

Accuracy.-Discharges above 678 second-feet, published in the following tables, are 

based upon an (JXtension of the diHcharge rating curve and should therefore be 

used with caution. A decided change in the discharge relation as expressed by 

the rating curve used prior to 1914 has taken place since May 14, 1914, as indicated 

by the four discharge measurements made in May, June, and August, 1914. Daily 

discharge estimates subsequent to May 14, 1914, have been computed by the 

indirect method and are consequently not as accurate as those prior to May, 1914. 

Discharge measurements of Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn., during the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gay,e Disheight. charge. helg t. charge. 

--- -- Feet. Sec. ft. Feet. Sec./t. 

May 14 s. B. Soule .....•...... 5.19 581 June 11 s. B. Soule ............ 6. 41 1,260 

June 11 ..... do •................ 6.44 1,320 Aug. 10 J. B. Stewart .......... 5.65 a426 

a Largel amount of heavy moss in channel at the gage. 
'18 Sl]BJ!'ACE WATER SllPPLY, 1914, PART V, 

Dauy gage height, in jut, of Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn., for the year ending ·. Sept. 30, 1914. 

[W. H. Wintermute, observer.) 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1 .............. 5.16 5.48 5.30 ............. . ........... ............ ······- 5.30 5.18 6.4 5.8 5.7 2 .............. 5.15 5.44 5.30 ............ .. ........... .. .......... . ........ 5.34 5.09 6.4 5.8 5.7 

3 .............. 5.15 5.38 5.30 ............ ------- ............ ............. 5.38 5.08 6.3 5.8 5.65 4 .............. 5.18 5.35 5.30 .......... .......... ------- .. ........... 5.41 5.19 6.3 5.8 5.65 

5 .............. 5.6 5.32 5.30 .............. .......... ............. . ........... 5.42 5.31 6.2 5.8 5.6 

6 ............... 5.6 5.35 5.28 .......... ------- .............. 5.40 5.36 6.2 5. 7 5.6 7 .............. 5.48 5.35 5.15 .............. .............. ............ 5.65 5.40 5.95 6.2 5. 7 5.6 

8 .............. 5.46 5.35 5.10 ............ ------- . ........... 5.48 5.40 7.1 6.2 5. 7 5.55 

9 .............. 5.42 5.35 5.18 .............. .. ............ . ........... 5.38 5.38 7.2 6.1 5.7 5.6 

10 .............. 5.5 5.35 5.28 ............. ............. .............. 5.29 5.34 6.8 6.1 5. 7 5.7 

11 .............. 5.65 5.38 5.30 .. ........... ............ .......... 5.24 5.30 6.4 6.1 5.6 5.65 12 .............. 5.7 5.40 5.26 .. ............ ............. ............. 5.20 5.28 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.6 

13 .............. 5.7 5.42 5.19 ------- ............ ............ 5.15 5.25 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.75 14 .............. 5.7 5.46 5.15 .. ............ ............. ............ 5.20 5.21 6.2 6.0 5.6 6.2 

15 .............. 5. 7 5.5 5.15 .. .......... ............. ........... 5.20 5.20 6.2 6.0 5.6 6.1 

16 .............. 5.7 5.26 5.15 ........... ............ ............ 5.20 5.18 6.2 6.0 5.6 6. 0 

17 .............. 5.65 5.22 5.15 ........... ............ ............ 5.20 5.15 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.95 

18 .............. 5.6 5.22 5.15 ............ ------- ............ 5.20 5.12 6.3 5.95 5.6 5.9 

19 .............. 5.6 5.20 5.20 ............. ........... .. ......... 5.20 5.10 6.3 5.9 5.55 5.85 

20 .............. 5.55 5.20 5.28 ............. ............. .. ........... 5.18 5.10 6.2 5.9 5.65 5.85 

21 .............. 5.5 5.29 .. ............ ............. ............. ............ 5.15 5.08 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.85 22 .............. 5.5 5.32 .. ............ ............. .............. ........... 5.12 5.05 6.1 5.85 5.7 5.8 

23 .............. 5.5 5.30 .. ........... .............. .............. .............. 5.10 5.01 6.1 5.8 5.65 5.75 24 .............. 5.5 5.30 .. ............ .............. .............. ............. 5.10 5.02 6.1 5.8 5. 7 5.75 

25 .... , ......... 5.5 5.32 .. ............ ............. .............. .............. 5.10 5.00 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.7 

26 .............. 5.5 5.35 .............. .............. .............. ............. 5.10 5.00 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.7 

27 .............. 5.49 5.38 .............. ............. .............. ............. 5.12 5.00 6.6 5.8 5.65 5.7 

28 .............. 5.48 5.35 ............. .............. .. ........... .. ............ 5.16 5.01 6.5 5.85 5.65 5.7 

29 .............. 5.48 5.32 . ........... ............. . .......... .. ........... 5.22 5.08 6.4 5.85 5.7 5.6 

30 .............. 5.5 5.30 .............. ............. .. ............ ............ 5.30 5.14 6.5 5.8 5.7 5.6 

31 .............. 5.5 .............. .............. .............. .. ........... .. ........... 5.15 .. ............ 5.8 5.7 .......... 

NoTE.-Dlscbarge relation a1l'ected by ice about Dec. 20, 1913, to Apr. 6,1914. 

Dail1f discharge, in secpnd1ut, of Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. . · · 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1 .............. 574 822 678 .............. .............. .. .... .; ...... .. ............ 678 395 1,190 530 457 2 ........ :-..... 567 790 678 .............. .............. ............. ............. 710 330 1,190 530 457 

3 .............. 567 742 678 .. ............. .............. .............. .............. 742 312 1,100 530 422 4 .............. 589 718 678 ............. .. ........... .. ............ ............ 766 369 1,100 530 422 5 .............. 923 694 678 .............. .. ............ .. ............ .............. 774 443 1,010 530 388 

6 .............. 923 718 663 ............. .. ............ .............. 758 412 1,010 457 388 7 .............. 822 718 567 .............. ............. .. ........... 966 758 914 1,010 457 388 

8 .............. 806 718 530 ............. .............. .. ........... 822 758 1,910 1,~ 457 356 

9 .............. 774 718 589 .............. ·'-····· .. .......... 742 742 2;000 457 388 

10 .............. 838 718 663 ............ ............. .. ........... 671 710 1,640 923 457 457 

11 .............. 966 742 678 ............... .............. .. ........... 634 678 1,280 923 388 422 12 •...•.•.••.•.. 1,010 758 648 ............. .............. .. ............ 604 663 1,100 838 388 388 

13 •.•...••.. -•... 1,010 774 rN1 .............. .............. .. ............ 567 641 1,100 758 388 494 14 .............. 1,010 806 567 .............. .............. .............. 604 611 1,100 758 388 838 15 .............. 1,010 838 567 .............. ............. .............. 604 589 1,100 758 388 758 

16 .............. 1,010 ~ 567 .............. ............. .............. 604 567 1,100 758 388 678 

17 .............. 966 619 567 .............. ............ .............. 604 537 1,100 758 388 641 

18 .............. 923 619 567 ........... ............ ............... 604 501 1,190 718 388 604 

19 .............. 923 604 604 ............. .............. ............. 604 472 1,100 678 356 567 

20 .............. 880 604 ............... ............. .............. ............. 589 464 1,010 678 422 567 

21. ............. 838 671 ............ .............. .. ........... .. ........... 567 443 1,010 678 388 567 22 •.•.•.•..•..•• 838 694 ......... ............ .............. ........... 545 409 923 641 457 530 23 .............. 838 678 ............. .............. .. ........... .. ............ 530 369 923 604 422 494 24 .............. 838 678 ............. .............. ............ ............. 530 369 923 604 457 494 

25 .............. 838 694 ........... ............. ............. ............ 530 350 923 604 457 457 

26 .............. 838 718 ............ .............. ............. .............. 530 337 923 604 457 457 27 .............. 330 742 .............. ............. .............. .............. 545 324. 1,370 604 422 457 28 .............. 822 718 ............. ............ ........... ............. 574 324 1,280 641 422 457 

29 .............. 822 694 ............ ............ ............. ............. 619 362 1,190 641 457 388 30 .............. 838 678 .......... .............. .............. ............. 678 388 1,280 604 457 388 31 .............. 838 .......... .......... .............. ............ ............. ............ 382 . .......... 604 457 .. ....... 

NOTE.-Dally disoharJte ~uted from a rating curve fairly well defined betwllen 160 and 678 second· 

feet (gage height& 4.5 anil5.3 teet). See "Aocuracy" in station desCriptiono 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 79 

Monthly discharge of Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Drainage area, 1,010 square miles.) 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Mrudmum. Minlmum. Mean. 

October ................................. 1,010 567 847 November .............................. 838 604 711 December 1-19 .......................... 678 530 619 

~;~-~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 966 530 619 774 324 554 June .................................... 2,000 312 1,020 

July ..................................... 1,190 604 804 

August .................................. 530 356 441 September .............................. 838 356 492 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.839 

• 704 

.613 

.613 

.549 

1.01 

.796 

.437 

.487 

CROW WING RIVER AT MOTLEY, MINN. 

Run-ofi 

(depth in 

inches on drainage 

area). 

0.97 

• '79 

• 43 

• 55 

• 63 

1.13 

.92 

• 50 

.54 

Accuracy. 

A. 

A. 

B . 

B . 

B . 

B. 

c. 

B . 

c. 

Location.-At highway bridge at north edge of village of Motley, about one-fourth 

mile north of N orthem Pacific Rail way station, an!f about 2 miles above the mouth 

of Long Prairie River, the nearest tributary. 

Records available.-June 10 to November 30, 1909; April15, 1913, to September 30, 

1914. ' 

Drainage area.-2,140 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff gage; read twice daily to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: 

Hundredths below 6.0, half-tenths between 6.0 and 7.5, and tenths above 7.5 feet. 

Channel and control.-N o well-defined control at station; channel fairly permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from upstream side of two-span highway bridge. 

Winter :flow.-River fro11en over during winter; monthly estimate~ of :flow based 

on discharge measurements made through the ice, climatic data, and gage heights. 

Regulation.-Nearest dam above station is over 60 miles upstream and affects :flow 

at the station very slightly. 

Accuracy.-Backwater from possible log jams may, at certain periods, affect the discharge relation. 

DisCharge measurements of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., during the yem ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

a Measurement made under complete ice cover; partial ice cover at control. b Nearly complete ice cover at control. c Complete ice cover at control. a Velocities for about one-half of the measurement determined by the two-point method; velocities for 

the balance of the measurement determined by the subsurface method. 
80 SUB)FAOE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Daily gag~ height, in jut, ojOrow Wing River at Motley, Minn.,jqr the year ending Sept. 

90,1914-. 

[B. W. Jacobs, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------- - --- 1 •..•.•••.•••.• 6.42 7.05 7.0 7.0 ··?:as· 7.65 7.5 7.3 6.7 9.3 6.6 6.65 

2 •.••.•.••••..• 6.40 6.95 6.95 ·To·· ........ 7.75 7.3 6.65 9.0 6.7 6.5 

3 ••.•.•..•.•••. 6.38 6.9 6.95 ··7:4·· ""7:56" 7.85 7.3 6.6 8.8 6.7 6.5 

4 •.••.•.••.•... 6.43 6.9 6.95 ·To·· 8.0 7.3 6.65 8.4 6.7 6.46 

5 ••••.••••.•..• 6.65 6.85 6.9 ......... ............. 8.0 7.25 6.8 8.2 6.65 6.45 

6 •.••••••••••.. 6. 75 6.9 6.9 .. ............ ··7:4·· ""7:56" 8.2 7.25 7.0 8.1 6. 7 6.42 

7 ••••.••••.•.•. 6.9 6.9 6. 75 ·To·· 8.0 7.2 7.2 7. 75 6.6 6.40 

8 •.•••••••••.•• 7.1 6.85 6.3 ""7:45" 7.8 7.2 7.7 7.65 6.6 6.37 

9 •.•.••.••.•..• 7.15 6.85 6.5 ··1:o .. 7.65 7.5 7.2 8.5 7.5 6.65 6.32 

10 ••••••••.••..• 7.3 6.85 6.8 .............. .............. 7.3 7.15 10.0 7.35 6.47 6.49 

11 •.••••.••••••• 7.4 6.85 6.9 ··1:o·· 7.45 7.65 7.05 7.1 10.2 7.3 6.46 6.6 

12 ••••••••.••.•• 7.5 6.9 6.85 ............ 6. 75 7.05 9.9 7.15 6.42 6.65 

13 ••••••••.••..• 7.65 7.0 6.85 ""6:95" .............. 7.65 6.6 7.0 9.3 7.05 6.41 6. 7 14 •••••• : •••••.• 7.7 6.8 6.8 . ......... ............. 6.65 6.95 8.8 7.0 6.40 6.95 15 •••.•••••.•••• 7.7 6.8 6. 7 ............ ............ .......... 6.65 6.85 8.5 6.95 6.38 7.4 

16 ••••••.•..•..• 7.65 6.75 7.9 ··7:o·· 7.5 7. 75 6.65 6.8 8.3 6.9 6.37 7.55 

17 ••••••••.••... 7.5 6.65 7.8 "T55" "T95" 6.65 6. 75 8.2 6.95 6.85 7.5 

18 .••••.•••••..• 7.4 6.65 7.4 ··7:o·· 6.65 6.75 8.2 6.85 6.33 7.45 

19 ..•.•.••.•••.. 7.3 6.6 7.45 ""7:55" .............. 6.65 6.7 8.2 6.8 6.33 7.4 

20 •••••••••••••• 7.2 6.6 7.35 ............ .. ......... 6.65 6.7 8.2 6.75 6.39 7.3 

21 •••••••••••••• 7.15 6.5 7.6 7.05 .............. 7.9 6.65 6. 7 8.1 6. 7 6.42 7.2 22 •••••••••••••• 6.95 6.9 7. 75 ............. ""7:55" ""7:55" 6.6 6.7 8.1 6. 7 6.45 7.15 23 ••.•.••.•..••. 6.9 7.05 7. 75 ··7.T" 6.6 6.6 7.95 6.6 6.48 7.1 24 •••••••••••••• 6.9 7.05 7.65 ""7:55" 6.6 6.6 8.2 6.6 6.45 7.1 

25 •..•.••.••.••. 6.9 7.05 7.5 ............. 7.5 6.6 6.6 8.3 6.6 6.48 7.0 

26 •••••••••••••• 7.0 7.05 7.5 ··7:i·· ............. ............. 6.6 6.6 8.4 6.55 6.5 6.95 

27 •••••••••••••• 7.05 7.05 7.35 .......... ""7:5"" ·6.6 6.65 8.8 6.6 6.5 6.9 

28 •••••••••••••• 7.1 7.05 7.25 ··1:r· ........... 6.85 6.65 9.3 6.55 6.48 6.8 

29 •••••••••••••• 7.15 7.0 7.15 .............. ............. 7.1 6.65 9.5 6.55 6.5 6.8 

30 •••••••••••••• 7.1 7.05 7.0 ""7:25" .............. 7.4 7.25 6.65 9. 7 6.55 6.55 6.8 

31. .•....•..•.•• 7.2 ······- 7.0 ............. ........... ........... 6. 75 .............. 6.55 6.6 .. ......... 

NOTE.-Dlschargerelatlon affected by ice about Dec. 10, 1913, to Apr.ll, 1914. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 81 

Daily discharge, in secondfeet, of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. 0-0 0-0-0 0-0-- 762 I, 440 I,360 ....... ....... ------- -······ I,8IO I,ooo 5,140 907 864 

2-------------- 747 I,300 I,300 ------- ------- ·····-· ....... I,8IO 955 4,620 I,OOO 822 

3. 0------0----- 734 I,240 I,300 ····--- ··-···· ------- ---···· I,8IO 907 4,280 I,OOO 822 

4-------------- 770 I,240 I 300 --·--·- ....... ··-···· ------- I,SIO 955 3,600 I,OOO 792 

5 .. ------------ 955 I,I70 1;240 -----·- ---···· ....... ------- I, 730 I,110 3,280 955 784 

6 .. ------------ I,060 I,240 I,240 -----·· ---···· ····--· ....... I, 730 I,360 3,110 I,OOO 762 7 ______________ I,240 1,240 I,060 ······· ....... ....... ------- I,660 I,660 2,530 907 747 

8-------------- I,5IO I,I70 680 ------- ······· ------· ....... I,660 2,450 2,370 907 727 

9 .. ------------ I,580 I, I70 822 ------- ------- ....... . --.... I,660 3, 770 2,I20 864 693 

10 ... -- --------- 1,810 I,I70 ....... ----·-- ··----- ------- ---···- I,580 6,400 I,880 800 814 

11.0-----0 0--0-0 1,960 1,170 ....... ····-·· ....... ....... -----·- 1,510 6, 760 1,8IO 792 907 

12 .. ------------ 2,120 I,240 ....... ······- ------- ··----- I,060 1,440 6,220 I,580 762 955 

13-------------- 2,370 1,360 ------- ------- ------- ------- 907 1,360 5,140 1,440 754 1,000 }4 ______________ 2,450 1,110 ----··· ------- ---·--· --·--·- 955 1,300 4,280 I,360 747 1,300 

15-------------· 2,450 1,110 ........ ····-·· ....... . ...... 955 1,170 3,770 1,300 734 1,960 

16.--------00-- 2,370 1,060 ....... ....... ······· ······· 955 1,110 3,440 1,240 727 2,200 

17 .............. 2,120 955 ....... ....... ....... ....... 955 1,060 3,280 1,300 714 2,120 

18 ..... -··--- -·- 1,960 955 ....... ······· ....... ....... 955 1,060 3,280 1, I70 700 2,040 

19----··--- ----- 1,810 907 ....... ....... ······· ······- 955 1,000 3,280 1,110 700 I,960 20 .............. 1,660 907 ·-·-··· ······· ······- ....... 955 1,000 3,280 1,060 740 1,810 

21 .............. 1,580 822 ....... ....... ··-···· ····-·· 955 1,000 3,110 1,000 762 1,660 22 ....... 00 .. 000 1,300 1,240 ::::::r::::: ........ ····-·· 907 1,000 3,110 1,000 784 1,580 23 ...... oo .... -- 1,240 I,440 907 907 2,860 907 807 I,510 

24 .............. I,240 I, 440 907 907 3,280 907 784 1,510 25 .............. I,240 1,440 ""'"!'"oooo ....... ······· 907 907 3,440 907 807 1,360 

26,. _______ , ____ 1,360 1,440 907 907 3,600 864 822 1,300 

, I .. ., 

1,440 ::::::r::::: :::::::::::::: 907 864 4,280 907 822 1,240 

28 ....... 00 .. --- 1,510 1,440 '""00 ....... 'o000o0 _, ____ I,I70 864 5,140 864 807 I,110 29 .............. 1,580 1,360 :::::::l::::::r:::::l::::::: .~:~~~- 955 5,500 864 822 I,110 30 .............. 1,510 1,440 955 5,860 864 864 1,110 

31. ............. I,660 ······· 1,060 00-----r 864-- 907 ....... 

NOTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 680 and 6 400 second-feet 

(gage heights, 6.3 and 10.0 feet). Discharge estimated, because of ice, !rpm gage heights, observer's notes, 

discharge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Dec. I0-3I, I9~3, 700 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 1914, 440 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 410 second-feet; Mar. I-31, 540 second-feet: anf1 Apr. 1-11, 800 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 2,140 square miles.] i 

Discharge in second,feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Minhnum. Mean. square 

mile. 

--t--

October_ .................... 00 _ .. __ .... _ 2, 450 734 

rEI~~!::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ...... ~~~~~-::::::::~~: February 00 ...... --00 ......... _ .... _ 00 __ ...... 00 00 ............ .. March ...... 00 _ ... _ ... _. _____ ...... _ ... __ ..... _ ................. . 

~l.: ~m ····--m 

1,j550 0. 724 

1,220 . 570 

'829 .387 440 .206 

~10 .192 40 .252 942 • 440 1,1280 .598 

3,~0 1. 61 

1,8~ .846 

.387 1,, 0 .584 

The year ..... ___ . ______ ... __ .. __ .. 6, 760 1,riO .565 

1-

Run-off 

{ de~th in Accu. 

~~~ racy. 

area). 

0.83 A. .64 A • • 45 B . • 24 c . • 20 c . .29 D. • 49 c . • 69 A • 1.80 A. • 98 A . • 45 A . .65 A. 

7. 71 
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

LONG PRAffiiE RIVER NEAR MOTLEY, MINN. 

Loca.tion.:--In sec. 19, T. 133 N., R. 31 W., 100 yards above the highway bridge, 1 

mile south of Motley, and 2 miles above the mouth of the river. 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-June 10, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage 8.rea..-Q73 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Vertical stJ!,ff; read daily, morning and evening, to half-tenths. Limits of 

use: Hundredths below 5.5, half-tenths between 5.5 and 6.5, and tenths above 6.5 

feet. 

Channel and control.~ Light gravel; practically permanent. 

Discharge mea.surements.-Made from the bridge except at low stages, when 

meaaurementa are made by wading at a short distance upstream. 

Winter :flow.-River frozen over at gage; estimates based on discharge measurements 

made through the ice. 

Accura.cy.-Ci>nditiona at station favorable, and the recorda should be reliable. 

Backwater caused by ice gorges in Crow Wing River may possibly affect the discharge relation for a few days in the spring. A decided change in the discharge 

relation as expressed by the rating curve used prior to 1914 occurred between 

the discharge measurements of June 10 and August 11, 1914. This change is 

assumed to have occurred during July and estimates of daily discharge subsequent to July 14, 1914, have been made by the indirect method and are therefore 

not as accurate as those prior to that date. 

On account of using an erroneous estimate for the drainage area, estimates of 

"Discharge in second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches on 

drainage area)," as published in Water-Supply Paper 325, are in error, but they 

have been recomputed and published in Water-Supply Paper 355. 

Discharge measurements of Long Prairie River ?UJar Motley, Minn., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- G~ Dis· Date. Made by- h~~t. Dis· 

hei t. charge. charge. 

Feet. Bec.~t. Feet. Sec.-ft. Oct. 23 W.G.Hoyt •••••••.•.•• 5.18 47 May 14 8. B. 8oul6 ••••••••••••• 5.47 254 

Dec. 28 8. B. Soulil •••.•••.•..•. 5.25 a64 June 10 ....• do •••••.•••.••••••. 7.05 1,040 

Jan. 28 ...•• do •••••.•.......... 5.80 a 56 Aug. 11 J. B. Stewart •••••••••. 5.62 206 

Feb. 27 ..... do ••..••........... 5.91 b39 

a Measurement made under complete ice cover at a section about 200 feet above gage; nearly complete lee cover at the control. 

bComplete ice cover at the control. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 83 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 19J4 .. 

[Mrs. Clem. Thompson, observer.) 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jiill. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. I June. July. Aug. I Sept. 

------------ !. ............. 5.15 5.3 5.35 ····-·· 5. 7 5.6 5. 45 8.1 5.85 5. 75 2 .............. 5.15 5.3 ---···· ....... 5.9 5.9 5. 7 5.6 5. 45 8.0 5.85 5. 75 

3 .............. 5.15 5.3 5.3 5.35 5. 7 5.65 5.5 7.9 5.85 5. 7 4 .............. 5.2 5.2 ....... ....... 5.9 5.8 5. 7 5.65 5.5 7. 7 5.8 5. 7 5 .............. 5.2 5.2 -·-··-- 5.35 ------· -----·- 5. 7 5.65 5.55 7.4 5. 75 5.65 

6 .............. 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.65 5. 7 5.55 7.2 5.65 5.65 7 .............. 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.65 5. 7 5.85 7.0 5.65 5.65 

8 .............. 5.3 5.2 5.3 ···---· 5.6 5. 7 6. 45 6.8 5.6 5.6 

9 .............. 5.3 5.2 ------- 5.9 5.8 5.6 5. 75 7.1 6.8 5.6 5.6 10 .............. 5.45 5.25 5.25 5.4 ----··· ······· 5.6 5. 75 7.0 6.6 5.6 5.65 

11 .............. 5.6 ··-···· -----·- ....... 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.8 7.2 6.5 5.6 5.65 12 ......... ----- 5.55 5.3 5.6 ....... ------- 5.5 5.8 7.2 6. 4 5.6 5. 75 

13 .. -------.---- 5.55 ------- 5.2 5.5 5.45 7.1 6.2 5.6 5. 75 

14 ..... -··- ----- 5. 45 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.45 5.45 6. 7 6.05 5.55 5.8 

15 ..... ·-------- 5.35 5.2 5.1 ------- ------- ---·-·· 5.45 5.45 6.8 5.4 5.55 6.3 

16 ........ ------ 5.35 ------- ······- ....... 5.8 6.35 5. 4 5.45 6.8 5.2 5.55 6.3 

17 ............... 5.35 5.2 5.1 5.6 5. 4 5.45 6.8 5.1 5.5 6. 4 

18 .. --.--.------ 5.2 ------- ....... ······- 5.8 6.35 5.35 5.45 6.8 5.0 ! 5.5 6.6 19 .............. 5.2 5.2 5.6 ------- -······ 5.35 5.45 6.8 5.0 5.5 6.6 20 .............. 5.15 ------- 5.1 ------- ···---- ······· 5.3 5.4 6.5 5.0 5.5 6.5 

21. ............. 5.1 . ...... 5.65 5.9 6.35 5.3 5.4 6.1 4.9 5.5 6.5 22 .............. 5.15 5.3 5.1 ······· "5:8" 5.25 5. 4 6.1 5.0 5.5 6.6 

23 ... ----------· 5.2 ------- ....... ····-·· 5.9 5.25 5.35 5.95 5.0 5.8 6.6 24 .............. 5.2 5. 4 ....... 5. 75 5.2 5.35 6. 4 5.8 6. 7 25 .............. 5.3 ------- ······· ....... 5.8 5.8 5.2 5.35 6.5 5.9 6.6 

26. ·- -·--·----·· 5.3 5.4 ------- 5.8 ------- ······· 5.25 5.35 6.6 5.9 6.6 27 .............. 5.3 ------- ....... ------- ------· ·····-· 5.3 5.3 7.1 5.85 6.6 28 ........... ··- 5.3 5.25 5.8 5.9 5. 7 5.35 5.3 7. 4 5. 75 6.5 29 ______________ 5.3 5.35 ....... ······· ------- ------- 5.5 5.3 7. 4 5.85 6.4 

30 .............. 5.3 ------- 5.2 ······- ···---- 5.5 5.3 7.8 5.85 6.8 

31. .. ------ .... - 5.3 ······- ··--·-· 5.8 --····· ···-··· ··-···· ....... ······· . ...... 5.85 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 23, 1913, to Mar. 31, 1914. 

Observer reported water so low that it did not reach the gage July 24->11. Gage height probably varied 

from 4. 7 to 4.9 feet. 
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART v. 

Daily dilchar~, inB~fut, of Long PTairie River near 

ending Sept. 90, 1914. 

Motley, Minn., for the year 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------I~ -------------- 1. .. ···••··•··. 135 178 195 .......... .......... ........... 333 290 231 1,720 - .312 250 

2 •....•.••••..• 135 178 186 .......... ............ ............. 333 290 231 1,650 312 250 

3 ..••.••••••••. 135 178 178 ............ ............. ............ 333 312 250 1,580 312 231 

4 •...••.••••••. 148 148 178 ............. ............. ............ ·333 312 250 1,460 290 231 

5 •.••••.••••••• 148 148 178 ............ ............. ............. 333 312 270 1,280 270 212 

6 ..•••••••••••. 148 148 178 .............. ........... . ........ 312 333 270 1,160 231 212 

7 ••.••.•.••.••. 178 148 178 ............. ............ ............ 312 333 405 1,040 212 213 

8 •..••.••••••.. 178 148 178 ............. ........... ............ 290 333 723 920 195 195 

9 ......•..••...• 178 148 170 ............. ............ .......... 290 356 1,100 920 195 195 

10 ..•.•.•..••••. 231 163 163 ........... ............ ............ 290 356 1,040 805 195 212 

11 ..••..•••.••.. 290 170 158 ............. ............ ............. 250 380 1,160 750 195 212 

12 •.•.•.•..•..•. 270 178 153 ............ ······- ........ 250 380 1,160 695 195 250 

13 •••••••••••••• 270 168 148 ........... ........... ------- 250 231 1,100 585 195 250 14 •••••••••••••• 231 158 135 ------- ............. .......... 231 231 860 505 178 270 

15 ••..•••••.•.•• 195 148 122 ........... ........... ......... 231 231 920 195 178 505 

16 •••••.••.•.... 195 148 123 ------- .......... ······- 212 231 920 135 178 505 

17 ••..•••••••••• 195 148 123 ........ .......... ........... 212 231 920 110 163 558 

18 •••.••.••••... 148 148 123 ........... ............. .......... 195 231 920 90 163 668 

19 •••.•..••••••. 148 148 122 ........... .......... ............. 195 231 920 90 163 668 

20 •••••••••••••• 135 158 122 ......... ........ ........ 178 212 750 90 163 012 

21 •••••••.....•. 122 168 122 ······· ........ 178 212 530 72 163 612 

22 .•.•.•••••••.. 135 178 122 ......... ........ . ...... 163 212 530 90 163 668 

23 .••.••••••••.. 148 195 ........ ....... ....... . ...... 163 195 455 90 270 668 

24 .•.••••••.•••• 148 212 ......... ........ ......... . ....... 148 195 695 270 722 

25 •••...•..••••• 178 212 ......... ........ ........ . ....... 148 195 750 312 668 

26 ....•••••••..• 178 ~ ........ ....... ........ ······· 163 195 805 312 668 

27 ••.••••••••... 178 ::::::-: ........ ....... ....... 178 178 1,100 290 668 

28 .•.....••••... 178 200 r:-·· ... 195 178 1,280 250 612 

29 •••••••••••••• 178 195 .......... ........ . ......... ........ 250 178 1,280 290 558 

30 ••..•.••••.•••. 178 195 ......... ........ . ........ .......... 250 178 1,520 290 778 

31. •..•.•••••••. . •178 .......... ........ ......... ........... . ....... ........ 204 . .......... ......... 290 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a well-defiiled rating curve except as noted bei~w. 

Estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, obeerver's notes, discharge measurements, andclimatlo 

records, as follows: Dec. 23-<11, 1913, 100 second-feet; Jan. 1-31,1914,55 second-feet; Feb.1-28,40second-feet; 

!(ar. 1-31, 190 second-feet; estimated by comparison with Crow Wing River at Motley, July 24-31, 75 

second-feet; Interpolated for days on which gage was not read. 

Monthly discharge of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Drainage area, 973 square miles.] 

Discharge In second-feet. 

---~.--

Run-off 

Month. f!t!! Accu· 

drainage racy. 

area). 

Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

----------lj-------------1----1--

0ctober................................. 290 122 

November.··················-·········- 212 148 

December............................... 195 •.•....••... 

January •.••.•.•.•••••••.•••••••••••.•••. ·•••·••·····•···•·•••·•· February ••• , ••••••••.•.••••••••••......•••.....•....•..•••.•... March •••••.•.•.•.•.••..•••••••••••••••••••.•...•....•....•.•.•. 

~;~·.-.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: = m 

~~~i ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~:~; ... -.-.. ili· 

Theyear •••••••.•....•.••...••.... 1, 720 

177 0.182 0.21 A. 

171 .176 • 20 B . 

137 .141 • 16 c . 

55 .057 • 07 c . 

40 .041 • 04 c . 

190 .195 • 22 c . 

240 .247 • 28 B . 

256 .263 • 30 A . 

778 .800 • 89 B . 

537 .552 • 64 c . 

232 .238 • 27 B . 

444 .456 • 51 c . ----1----1-----1 

272 .280 3.79 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 85 

ELK RIVER NEAR BIG LAKE, MINN. 

Location.-In sec. 23, T. 33 N., R. 27 W., at the highway bridge, one-half mile north 

of Bailey station on the Northern Pacific Railway, !fnd 4 miles east of Big Lake; 

one-half mile above Tibbetts Brook, and 4 miles below mouth of St. Francis 

River. 

Records available.-April15, 1911, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-615 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff gage; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. 

Limits of use: Hundredths below 1.0, half-tenths from 1.0 to 2.0, and tenths 

above 2.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-Gravel; may shift during high water. During low water, 

channel pr.tctically permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from highway bridge except at low stages, when 

wading measurements are made near by. 

Winter :flow.-Discharge determined by measurements made through the ice. 

Regulation.-None above station; only dam is near mouth, about 8 miles below. 

Accuracy.-Records only fair because of backwater at gage caused by growth of grass 

in cha.nnel. 

Discharge measurements of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., during the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Date. 

Oct. 24 ••••...•..•.•.••.•..... 

24b ....•................. Jan. 14 •••••..•....••...••.... 

Feb.13 ...................... . 

[Made by S. B. Soule.] 

Gage . height. DISCharge. 

Feet. 

1.03 

1.02 

1.04 

1.21 

Sec.•ft. a 196 

a203 

<96 

d68 

Date. 

Apr.4 ....................... . 4 •••••••••••••.•••••••••• Aug. 20 ••.•.•••••••.•••••...•. 

20 ..••••.•••••••••••••••. 

Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet. 1.42 

1.42 

.98 

.98 

Sec.-ft. 369 

360 

<106 

<105 

a Small quantity of grass at control; measurement made by wading. b Measurement made at a section not as good as that at whlch the other measurement of this date was made. c Partial ice cover at control; measurement made under complete ioo cover about 400 feet below gage. d Complete ice cover at controL • Measurement made by wading; large amount of grass in channel at the control. 
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Do:ily gage height, in feet, of Elk River near Big Lalce, Minn.Jor the. year eruiing Sept. SO, 

19U. 

[Michael Tracy, observer. J 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar; Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---- 1------ -- 1. ••.•.•..•.... 0.92 0.96 LO 0.89 L2 1.4 L45 L45 0.78 2.6 LO LOS 

2 .............. .91 .96 1.0 1.6 1.6 • 75 2.8 1.0 L1 

3 .•...•..•....• .90 .116 1;0 .96 1.2 1.4 1.45 1.7 .76 3.0 1.0 1.05 

4 .•......•.•.•• .90 .96 1.0 ......... ·T:a·· ··i:45· 1.45 1.85 .82 3.2 .96 1.0 

5 .••..•••...•.. .90 .95 .99 ......... 1.4 1.9 .80 3.2 .96 .95 

6 •.............. .94 .94 .98 .96 1.4 1.9 .86 3.2 .94 .94 

7 ..........• , •. 1.05 .96 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.35 1.95 .82 3.2 .92 .92 

8 .............. 1.0 1.05 1.05 .98 1.25 1.5 1.3 2.0 .80 3.1 .92 .91 

9 ....•••••..... .98 1.05 1.1 .. i:o .. 1.2 2.0 .811 2.9 .92 .90 

10 .............. 1.05 .91 1.1 1.25 1.45 1.15 2.0 .85 2.6 .96 .98 

11 .............. 1.1 .94 1.1 1.05 "i:25· 1.15 2.0 .92 2.4 .94 1.0 

1'l .............. 1.1 1.05 1.05 .. i:os· 1.5 1.1 1.91; .89 2.2 .92 1.0 

13 .............. 1.15 1.0 .99 1.1 1.85 .88 2.0 .90 1.2 

14 .............. 1.15 .99 .94 1.25 1.65 1.05 1. 7 .90 1.85 .90 1.4 

15 ....•.•.•.•... 1.15 .96 .......... 1.05 ····--- 1.85 1.05 1.6 .88 1. 7 .88 1.4 

16 .............. 1.15 .94 .82 1.0 1.5 .81 1.6 .88 1.4 

17 .............. 1.15 .92 1.1 1.25 2.1 1.0 1.35 • 74 1.5 .88 1.5 

18 .............. 1.15 .90 .66 1.1 'T25. "2:4 .. 1.05 1.2 .86 1.4 .98 1.6 

19 .............. 1.1 .90 ... :72' "i:i" 1.1 1.15 1.05. 1.3 1.0 1.8 

20 .............. 1.1 .88 ............ ............. 1.05 1.05 1.0 1.25 .98 1.9. 

21 ........... : .. 1.1 .88 .71 .. i:r· 1.25 2.3 1.05 1.1 1.0 1.2 .98 1.9 

22 .............. 1.05 .90 1.25 2.1 1.05 1.05 1.15 1.2 .98 1.8 23 ......•..•.••. 1.05 .89 • 76 "2:6" 1.0 1.0 1.15 1.2 1.0 1. 75 

24 .............. 1.0 .88 1.1 1.3 1.05 .96 1.55 1.15 1.05 1.6 

25 .............. 1.0 .91 .84 1.1 ............ 2.6 1.1 .94 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.5 

26 .............. 1.0 .96 1.3 2.5 1.1 .90 1. 7 1.1 .98 1.4 27 .............. .98 1.0 .82 1.15 .. i:a .. 2.1 1.15 .86 2.2 1.05 .96 1.3 

28 .............. .98 1.0 .84 "i:2" 1. 7 1.3 .84 2.3 1.05 .95 1.2 

29 .............. .98 1.0 ............ .. .......... 1.55 1.35 .86 2.4 1.0 .92 1.15 

30 .............. .98 1.0 .82 ............ 1.5 1.4 .84 2.4 1.0 .92 1.1 

31 ••............ .96 ............ ····-·· 1.2 .... , ........ 1.6 .. .......... .81 .. ........... 1.0 .91 ........... 

NOTE.-Dlschargerelatlon allooted by tee about Dec. 22, 1913, to Mar. 24,1914. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 87 

Daily ai._qcharge, in secondjeet, of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

----------------------

1. ............. 169 177 190 ·····-- ·------ ·····-· 350 350 161 665 132 144 

2 ..•.....•..... 167 177 190 ······- ........ ........ 365 365 154 735 132 156 

3 •............. 164 177 190 ........ ······- ···--·- 350 426 154 805 132 144 

4 .......•...... 164 177 190 ------- ....... ....... 350 474 168 885 123 132 

5 •.•.•...•.•... 164 177 187 ------- ······- ------- 336 491 161 885 119 121 

6 •....••.•..... 174 174 185 ........ ------- -----·- 336 491 176 885 117 119 

7 ••...••....... 204 180 190 ------- ---·--- ···---- 322 508 163 885 110 117 

8 .......••..... 190 204 204 ........ ....... ·····-- 307 525 158 845 110 115 

9 .•......•..... 185 204 218 ........ ........ ........ 278 525 176 770 108 117 

10 ..•........... 204 167 218 ······· ........ ···---- 264 525 168 665 115 135 

11 •............. 218 174 218 ······-1······· ···---- 264 525 184 595 108 144 

12 .............. 218 204 204 250 508 176 508 104 144 

13 .............. 232 190 187 :::::::1::::::: ........ 250 474 171 442 100 194 

14 •.••.•..•..... 232 187 174 ........ 236 426 173 395 98 250 

15 .....••...•... 232 180 a 159 :::::::r::::::: 236 395 168 350 94 250 

16 .•..•..•....•. 232 174 144 ------- ···---- ····--- 222 365 149 322 92 250 

17 .............. 232 169 a 125 ........ ------- ------- 222 322 132 292 92 292 

18 ........•..... 232 164 106 ........ 

--·-··r··--- 236 278 158 264 110 322 

19 ........•..... 218 164 a 113 ------- ........ 250 264 208 236 115 380 

20 ......•...••.. 218 159 120 ------- ······- 236 236 194 222 108 410 

21. .........••.. 218 159 117 ··----- ······· 236 250 194 194 108 410 

22 .............• 204 164 ····-·· ------- ------- ........ 236 236 236 194 106 380 

23 .••.•.•....••. 204 162 ····--- ····--- ------- ........ 222 222 236 194 110 365 24 ......•.....•. 190 159 ------- ····-·· ....... ....... 236 211 336 181 121 336 

25 .•..•...•.•... 190 167 ······l······ ....... 735 250 205 350 168 110 307 

26 ... ·•·······•• 190 180 ....... 700 250 194 380 168 113 278 

27 ..••....•..... 185 190 ::::::r::::: 560 264 184 542 156 108 250 

28 .•••..••...... 185 190 ······· ------- 426 307 178 560 156 110 222 

29 .............. 185 190 -------I 

······- ....... 380 322 184 595 144 104 208 

30 ...•.•..•••... 185 190 ······· ' ....... ....... 365 336 178 595 144 104 194 

31. .•.•.•...••.. 180 ····-·· ······· I ....... ·····-· 365 ······- 171 ······- 144 102 --····· I 

a Interpolated. 

NOTE.-Daily discharge determined from two fairly well defined rating curves until Mar, 31, 1914; after 

that date, on account of backwater caused by growth of grass, by indirect method for shifting channels. 

Discharge estimated because of ice, from gage heights observer's notes, discharge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Dec. 22-31, 1913, 120 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 1914, 98 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 75 

second-feet; Mar. 1-24, 225 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 615 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

October ................................. 232 164 199 

November ..•........................... 204 159 178 

December ............................... 218 .............. 156 

January ................................. ----------·- . .............. 98 

February ............................... ·······-···· ·······-···· 75 

March ................................... 735 ·········-·· 288 

~;~·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 365 222 277 

525 171 345 

June .................................... 595 132 246 

July .....•.............................. 885 144 435 

August .................................. 132 92 110 

September .............................. 410 115 230 

The year .......................... 885 ············ 221 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.324 

.289 

.254 

.159 

.122 

.468 

.450 

.561 

.400 

• 707 

• 179 

• 374 

.359 

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on drainage 

area). 

0.37 

• 32 

• 29 

• 18 

• 13 

• 54 

• 50 

• 65 

• 45 

• 82 

• 21 

.42 

4.88 

Accuracy. 

B. 

B . 

c . 

c . 

c . 

D . 

B . 

B . 

c . 

c . 

B . 

c . 
88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

CROW RIVER AT ROCKFORD, MINN. 

Location.-At the highway bridge at Rockford, a little more than a mile below the 

junction of the North and South branches. Two very small streams, the outlets 

of Rebecca Lake and Lake Sarah, enter between the junction and the station. 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-June 4, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-2,520 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Vertical staff; read dally, morning and evening, to hundredths. Limits of 

use: Hundredths below 5.5, half-tenths between 5,5 and 6.5, and tenths above 6.5 

feet. 

Channel and control.-Practically permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-During high and medium stages, made from the bridge; 

during low stages, by wading at various sections. 

Winter fl.ow.-Prior to the winter of 1911-12 very little ice formed and open-water 

rating curve applied throughout year. During winters of 1911-12 and 1912-13 ice 

destroyed the discharge relation, ma.king it necessary to base estimates on discharge 

measurements. Before the dam was de~troyed, in 1911, the larger body of water 

back of the dam had a temperature coilsiderably above freezing and did not freeze 

quickly when released, but since the destruction of the dam natural conditions 

prevail and·ice forms, 

Regulation.-On the North, Middle, and South forks of Crow River are seven smal 

power plants. Owing to the small amount of storage and the slight flow at these 

plants no appreciable effect of their operation is observable at the gage. A dam 

immediately above the gage was partly destroyed May 31, 1911, and has not yet 

been repaired. 

Accura.cy.--Conditions favorable and records should be reliable. 

Discharge measurements of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., during the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Date. 

Oct.21. •••....•.....••.....•.. Dec.18 ....................... . Feb.ll ...•.................... 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 

5.61 

5.36 

5.14 

[Made by 8. B. Soul!!.] 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. a324 

b 282 

c83 

Date. 

Mar.27 ...................... . 27 ..................... . 

Aug. 28 •.•... -.. ------ ... -.. . 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 5.40 

5.50 

6.67 

a Considerable quantity of grass in channel at the control. b Small amount of ice at control, probably causing slight amount of backwater. c Complete ice cover at control. d Control clear. 

Discharge. 

Sec-fk 432 

973 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 89 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, • 1914-

[Geo. W. Florida, observer.] 

- Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sepr; 

·----- ---------------- 1. ............. 6.1 5.46 5.5 5. 22 5.21 5.15 5.55 6.45 5. 6 9.2 6.2 6.8 2 .............. 6.0 5.48 5.5 5. 2\) 5.20 5.16 5.55 6. 5 5.6 9. 3 6.15 6. 7 3 .............. 5.8 5.5 5. 49 5.16 5. 22 5.18 5.55 6.6 5.95 9. 3 6.1 6. 7 4 .............. 5. 75 5.5 5.46 5.20 5.20 5.15 5.55 6. 65 6.8 9. 2 6.0 6. 7 5 .............. 5. 75 5.48 5.46 --·-··· 5.18 5.16 5.5 6. 7 7. 5 9.1 5.95 6.6 

6 .............. 5. 75 5.48 5.46 --·---- 5.15 5.17 5.5 6.8 7.8 8.9 5.9 6.6 

L::::::::::::l 5.8 5.55 5.5 5.17 5.13 5.18 5.48 6.8 8.0 8. 7 5.8 6.6 5. 75 5.55 5.48 ····--· 5.12 5.18 5.42 6. 7 7.9 8.4 5.8 6.6 9 .............. 5. 75 5.55 5.44 ·····-· 5.13 5.20 5. 41 6.6 7.8 8.2 5. 75 6.6 10 .............. 6.0 5.5 5.42 5. 21 5.14 5.18 5.38 6.55 7. 7 7.9 5. 75 6.45 

11 .............. 5.95 5.47 5.42 ----··· 5.14 5.18 5.38 6.5 7.6 7.8 5. 75 6.25 12 .............. 5.9 5.48 5.42 5.20 5.16 5.20 5. 37 6.4 7.5 7. 7 5. 7 6.1 13 .............. 5.9 5.5 5.40 5.18 5.17 5.22 5.35 6.4 7.4 7.6 5.65 6.1 14 .............. 6.0 5.55 5.39 5.18 5.15 5. 30 5.34 '6.4 7.3 7.4 5.65 6.9 15 .............. 5.95 5.6 5.36 ·····-- 5.14 5.40 5.34 6.35 7.2 7 .. 2 5. 7 7.2 

16 .............. 5.9 5.6 5. 34 5.16 5.12 5. 7 5.34 6. 25 7.0 7.2 5. 7 7.4 17 .............. 5.8 5.6 5. 36 ------- 5.14 5. 9 5.34 6.1 6.9 7.1 5. 7 7.6 18 .............. 5. 7 5. 6 5. 65 5.16 5.15 6.25 5. 38 6.0 6.6 7.1 5. 7 7. 7 19 .............. 5.6 5. 6 5.48 5.18 5.20 6.1 5. 46 6.0 6. 7 7.0 5. 75 7.6 20 .............. 5.55 5.6 5.6 5.17 5.19 5. 8 5.5 5.95 6.8 6.8 5. 75 7.6 

21. ............. 5.6 5.6 5.55 5.15 5.20 5. 9 5.5 5.9 6;8 6. 7 5.8 7.5 22 .............. 5.55 5.6 5. 49 5.12 5.20 6.1 5.55 5.9 6.8 6. 7 5.9 7.5 23 .............. 5.55 5. 7 5. 34 5.16 5. 21 5.9 5.6 5.85 6.9 6.6 6.5 7.4 24 .............. 5.5 5.55 5.34 5.19 5.20 5.55 5.65 5. 8 7.2 6.5 6.8 7. 2 25 .............. 5.5 5.6 5.40 5.19 5.20 5.40 5. 7 5.8 7.5 6.45 6.8 7.0 

26 .............. 5.5 5.6 5.36 5. 22 5.18 5.36 5. 75 5. 8 7. 9 6.35 6. 7 6.8 27 .............. 5.5 5.6 5.38 5. 20 5.20 5.46 5. 75 5.9 8.2 6.3 6. 7 6. 7 28 .............. 5.48 5.6 5. 34 5.20 5.18 5.55 6.1 5. 85 8. 6 6.3 6. 7 6.6 29 .............. 5.47 5.6 5. 31 5.16 ....... 5.6 6.3 5. 8 8. 7 6.25 6. 7 6.45 30 •.•.....•...•. 5.46 5.55 5.25 5.14 ------- 5.6 6.4 5. 7 9.2 6. 25 6. 8 6.35 31. ............. 5.46 ------- 5. 23 5.14 ------- 5.6 ------- 5. 65 ------- 6.2 6. 8 ------

NOTE.-Discbarge relation affected by ice about Dec. 7-8, 18-22, 1913, and Jan. 1, to Feb. 28, 1914. 
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily diacAarge, inBecond-jeet, of Crow River at Roclcford, Jlinn.,for the year e:nding Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---- ---------------- 1 •.•.•......... 582 283 345 ·-····· ........ 198 370 875 395 2,950 725 1,100 

l'----------·-·- 528 291 345 .......... ······· a ______________ 202 370 905 395 3,040 605 1,030 420 300 340 ·····-· ······· 209 370 965 582 3,040 665 1,030 

•-------------- 395 300 327 --····· ------- 198 370 998 1,100 2,950 610 1,~ li •.•••.•.••.... 395 291 327 ------- ......... 202 345 1;030 1,570 a,860 582 

6 ........•.•... 395 291 327 ·-····· --····· 206 345 1,100 1, 790 2,680 555 965 7 ..•.•......... 420 322 321i ........ ........ 209 336 1,100 1,950 2,510 500 965 

8----·--------- 395 32ll 321i --····· ........ 209 309 1,030 1,870 2,270 500 965 9---------·---- 395 322 318 ------- ........ 217 304 965 1, 790 2,110 472 965 10 ....•...•.•.•. 528 300 300 ........ ------- 209 291 935 1, 710 1,870 472 875 

11 ....•...••...• 500 287 309 ........ ........ 209 291 905 1,640 1, 790 472 755 12 .. ____________ 472 291 309 ------- ------- 217 287 845 1,570 1; 710 445 665 13 ______________ 472 300 300 ......... ······· 22li 278 845 1,500 1,640 420 665 14 ______________ li28 322 296 ------- --····· 21i7 274 845 1,430 1,500 420 1,160 15 ___ , __________ 500 345 283 ------- ······- 300 274 815 1,360 1,360 445 1,360 

16 •••••...•..... 472 370 274 ........ ....... 445 274 755 1,220 1,360 445 1,500 17 ______________ 420 370 283 --··-·· ······· 555 274 665 1,~ 1,290 445 1,640 18 ______________ 370 370 280 ------- -----·- 755 291 610 1,290 445 1, 710 

19.·------------- 32ll 370 280 ........ ......... 665 327 610 1,030 1,220 472 1,640 

20 .••.••••..•.•. 300 370 280 ------- --····· 500 345 582 1,100 1,100 472 1,640 

21-------------- 32ll 370 280 ........ ......... 555 345 555 1,100 1,030 500 1,570 

2ll.------------- 300 370 280 ······· ......... 665 370 555 1,100 1,~ 555 1,570 

as.------------- 300 420 274 ······· ........ 555 395 528 1,160 905 1,500 :14. _____________ 278 345 274 -----·· ....... 370 420 500 1,360 905 1,100 1,360 

21i •...........•. 278 370 300 -----·- ........ 300 445 500 1,570 .875 1,100 1,220 

26 ______________ 278 370 283 ······- ........ 283 472 500 1,870 815 1,030 1,100 27 ..•.........•. 278 370 291 ......... ........ 327 472 555 2,110 785 1,030 1,030 28 ..•........... 270 370 274 ......... ......... 370 665 528 2,430 785 1,030 965 

29-------------- 266 370 261 ........... ......... 395 785 500 2,510 755 1,030 875 30 ..•.•........• 261 345 237 ........ .......... 395 845 445 2,950 755 1,100 815 

31.---- -· ---.--- 261 ............ 229 .......... .......... 395 ............. 420 . ....... 721i 1,1()() 

NoTE.-Daily d.ischa.rge, except as noted below, computed from a well-defined rating curve. Oct. 1 to Nov. 30 1913 estimatedoy the Indirect method for shHting channels on account of backwater frOI!l grass; Dec. i.::S, and 1S-2ll 1913 estimated on account of backwater from lee. Discharge estimated, beceuse of 

ice, from gage heiihts, obServer's notes, discharge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Jan. 

1-31, 190 second-feet; and Feb. 1-28, 110 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Crow River at Rockford, Jlinn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

(Drainage area, 2,520 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off 

Month. 1----.----.----....-----1 ~te~ ~ AccuPer drainage racy. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. ~'h~ area). 

October ... ----·-·----·· ......... -------- 582 261 384 0.152 0.18 :B. 

November ....• ----·--------------------- 420 283 337 .134 • 15 c . 

December .....•.•......... :............. 345 229 296 .117 • 13 c . 

t:~~-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::;~: ::::::::i~~: 190 .075 • 09 D • 110 .044 • 05 D • 348 .138 • 16 D • 

iLH~H~E~~HHHH~ ~~§ i 

September.............................. 1, 710 665 

385 .153 • 17 c . 741 .294 • 34 B . 

1,480 • 587 .65 B . 

1,610 .639 • 74 B . 

660 .265 • 31 A • 1,150 .456 . 51 B . 

The year •••••••• ·----------.•••••• 3,040 644 .256 .3.48 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 91 

RUM RIVER AT CAMBRIDGE, MINN. 

Loca.tion.-At highway bridge half a mile west of Cambridge. No tributary within~ 

several miles. 

Records a.v!illa.ble.-Junl;l12, 1909, to March 31, 1914, when station was discontinued. 

Drainage area..-1,160 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Vertical staff; read daily to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths 

below 4.0, half-tenths from 4.0 to 5.0, and tenths above 5.0 feet. 

Channel and control.-No well-defined control; channel shifting. 

Discharge mea.surements.-Made from the bridge. 

Winter fl.ow.-Discharge determined by measurements made through the ice. 

Regula.tion.-At St. Francis, 20 miles below Cambridge by river, there is a 10-foot 

dam and power plant; difference in elevation between crest of dam and water 

surface at station, about 6 feet. Only dam above Cambridge is at Milaca and is 

used to form a pool from which water is pumped. Flow at Cambridge, except 

during periods of low water, controlled by storage in and evaporatio.t;t from the 

lakes in the drainage area above Onamia. 

Accura.cy.-Records poor. During the summer growth of grass in channel causes 

backwater in varying amount at gage. 

Discharge measurements of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., during the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Date. 

Oct. 25 .••••......••.......... Dec. 20 ••••.•••••••••••••••.•. -j 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 3. 75 

3.57 

[Made by s. B. Soule.] 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. a212 

b204 

Date. 

Jan. 21. .....••••..•.......... Feb. 21. ..................... . 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 3.53 

3.65 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. c 105 

b68 

a Some grass in channel. b Partial ice cover. c Complete ice cover. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30, . 1914. 

(Josep)l Lofstrom, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 

---------- ------· 

L ......... 3.82 3.85 4.1 ...... 3.55 16 ••••••••.. 5.4 3.68 3.55 ·a:4S- 3.58 4.6 

2 ..•••••.•.. 3. 72 3. 81 4.15 ·a:4o· . ..... 3.65 17 ••••••.•.• 5.0 3.64 3.52 

3 ..••••••.. 3.65 3.85 4.1 18 .. ······-· 4.7 3.68 3.48 "3:48" 3.62 5.3 

4 ••••..••.. 3.55 3.92 4.1 "3:40" 3.55 3.68 19 ••••..•••. 4.4 3.64 3.45 ······ 5.6 

5 ....••.•.. 3.55 3.91 4.05 ........ ......... 20 •••••••••• 4.2 3.62 3.58 . ........ ........... 5.7 

6 .••••••..• 3.49 3.94 4.0 ·a: 58· ··a:76 21. .••••.... 4.1 3.68 3.45 3.52 3.65 5.6 

7 •.•••••... 3.60 3.99 3.81 3.45 22 •••••••••. 3.96 3. 70 3.38 . ........ 5.6 

8 •.••••••.• 3. 74 4.10 3.89 ------ .......... ........ 23 •.•••••••. 3.88 3. 74 "3:52" 3.65 5.2 

9 .•••••.•.. 3.88 4.2 3. 75 ·a:45· 3.55 ··a:7s 24 ..••••.... 3.80 3.82 3.35 4. 75 

10 .••••••.•. 4.15 4.1 3.88 ......... 25 ..••••.... 3. 76 4.05 . ......... ........... 3.65 4.65 

11 •. •••••··· 4.45 4.1 3.98 ·3:45· 3.55 . 3. 78 26 •••••••••. 3. 79 4.15 "3:28" 3.50 ........... 4.55 

12 .. ••••···· 4.45 4.05 3.81 ........ ...... 27 ..••••.... 3.82 4.2 ·a:ss· 4.65 ~1 ............ 5.1 4.0 3. 72 . ..... ······ --···· 28 ••••••• c •• 3.84 4.2 3.68 4.65 

14 •• ··-····· 5.5 3.99 3.65 3.40 3.58 3.95 29 ••••••••.• 3.95 4.15 3.30 -·--·· ·····- 4.7 

15 ..••••.... 5.6 3. 76 3.58 ...... ··-··· 4.25 30 ••••..•... 4.05 4.1 ·a:ssr:::: 4.8 

31. .•.••.... 3.99 . ...... 3.32 4.8 

NOTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 8, 1913, to Mar. 22, 1914. 
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V, 

Daily di8charge, in secmid1eet, of Rum River at Camlnidge, Minn. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 

-.-:.-.~-- -------- 1------- 1.-·-·· •••• 210 296 358 ............ ............ ............ 16 ••••.•..•. 695 257 ........... .. ......... .. ........ ............ 2 ••••••.•.. 188 287 372 .......... ........... ............ 17 •••••••••• 675 248 .......... .. ...... ......... .. ......... 3 ••• : ••.••. 173 296 358 ......... .......... .. ......... ·18 •••••••... 500 257 ......... ......... ........... . .......... 4 ••••...•.. 162 313 358 ........... ........... ........... 19 •••••.••.. 414 248 .. ........ ......... ............ ......... 6 .•••••.•.. 162 310 346 ......... .......... .. .......... 20 •••••••••• 358 244 ........... ........ .......... ............ 

6 ..••••.... 149 318 332 .......... .......... ........ 21. •••••.•.. 332 257 ........... .......... .......... ............ 7 •.••••.... 173 330 287 ............ .......... .......... 22 •••••••••. 308 262 ............ ........... ............ ........... 8: .••••.... 215 358 ......... ............ .. .......... .......... 23 •.•••••••• 296 271 ........... ····-- .. .......... 680 9 •.••••••.• 246 386 .......... ............ ............ ........ 2t ..••••.•.. 278 290 ............ ........... ............ 545 10 •••••....• 308 358 .......... ........... .......... .......... 25 ••••••.... 276 345 ............ ........... .......... 51& 

11 ••••..•... 400 358 ............ ........... .......... ........... 26 ..••••.... 283 372 ........... .......... ------ 485 12 •.•••••... 400 345 ............ ............ ............ ............ 27 ..•••••... 290 386 .......... ......... .. .......... 515 13 ..•••••••. 590 332 ............ ............ ........... .. ......... 28 •••••...•. 294 386 .......... ........... .. ......... 515 14 •••••••••• 710 330 ............ ............ ............ ........... 29 ••••..•••. 320 372 ......... ......... .. ........ 530 15 •••••••••• 750 276 ............ ............ ........... ........... 30 ••••.•.••. 345 358 .......... ........... ........... 560 ·31. •••.•.•.. 330 ......... .. ........ ........... ........... 560 

NOTE.-Dafiy discharge except as noted below1 computed from a fairly well defined rating curve; Oct. 

1-24, 1913, determined by fudirect method for shiftmg channels; estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes discharge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Dec. 8-1!1, 1913, 188 second· 

feet; Jan. 1-31, 1914, 116 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 76 second-feet; Mar. 1-22, 213 second-feet. . 

Monthly disclw:rge of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Accu- 1------,~,--------,---lracy. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

October........................................................ 755· 149 

~::ee:::.·.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -~ ........ ~~-

~~~·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MONTEVIDEO, MINN. 

346 c. 315 c. 

223 c. 116 c. 76 c. 

309 c. 

Loca.tion.~In sec. 19, T. 117 N., R. 40 W., at the highway bridge, 1 mile south of 

Montevideo, a short distance below the mouth of Chippewa River. 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-July 23, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Dra.ina.ge a.rea..-6,300 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Chain gage attached to bridge; datum lowered 2 feet September 16, 19;09, and 

1 foot additional July 29, 1910, to avoid negative readings. All gage huighta have. 

been referred to the last datum. Gage read daily, morning and evening, to 

quarter-tenths. Umits of use: Hundredths below 2.0, half-tenths between 2.0 

and 3.0, and tenths above 3.0 feet. · 

Oha.nnel and control.-Gravel and rock; practically permanent. 

Discha.rge measurements.-Made from bridge. 

W"mter :flow.-Diacharge relation affected by ice. Estimatl)s b!IBed on discharge 

measurements, climatic data, and gage heights. 

Begulation.~None above station; nearest dam, at Granite Falls, does not affect 

flow at station. The discharge of Chippewa River is eo much less than that of 

the Minnesota that the control of the former by a dam at Montevideo hliB little 

effect on the gage heights of the Minnesota. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 93 

Discharge 'fMasurements of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., during the ymr 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. height. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Dec. 30 S. B. Soule.. ...•..•.... 3.04 a 130 July 10 S. B. Boult\ ....•........ 11.12 3,070 

Jan. 30 .•... do •.••.......•.•.... 2.56 b 41 24 J. B. Stewart ........... 7. 75 1,620 Mar. 6 ..... do •••••......•.••••. 3. 76 b 107 Sept. 19 s. B. Soule .•........... 4.43 510 

Apr. 22 . .... do •••.........••.•. 3.89 448 

a Partial ice cover at control; measurement made under complete ice cover at a section ahout 100 feet 

ahovegage. 

b Complete ice cover at control and at measuring section. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota Ri11er near Montevideo, Minn. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Ben 0. Brown, observer.) 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

·--------------------- 1. ••••••••••... 2.6 2.8 3.2 2.8 3.8 4.5 4.0 11.8 6.9 4. 4 2 .•.•••••••.••• 2.55 2.8 3.3 2. 7 3.0 3.8 3. 7 4.4 4.0 11.8 6.8 4.2 

3 .••.•.••••.•.• 2.6 3.0 3.1 2.95 ........ ....... 3. 7 4.5 3.8 12.3 6. 7 4.1 4 ••••••..•••... 2. 75 3.1 3.2 2.9 3'. 9 4. 7 3.6 12.6 6.5 3.9 

5 .............. 2. 7 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.6 3.8 4.8 3. 7 12.4 6.4 3.8 

6 .............. 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.85 ····-·· ------- 4.4 4. 7 4.0 12.0 6.4 3.9 7 .............. 2.55 3.0 3.1 2.85 2.85 3. 7 4.2 4.8 4.4 11.7 6.1 3.9 

8 .............. 2.6 3.4 2. 75 2.95 . ...... ·------ 4.6 4.8 5.1 11.4 5.8 3.9 

9 .............. 2.8 2.95 2.3 2.95 2.8 3. 7 4.3 4. 7 5.2 11.4 5.8 3.6 10 .••••••••••••. 2.9 3.0 2.45 2.5 . ...... ....... 4.5 4.6 5.8 11.2 5.7 3.8 

11 .............. 3.1 2.5 2.8 2.6 ------- ------- 4.4 4.8 6.1 10.9 5.6 3.9 12 .............. 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.55 2.9 3.6 -----·· 4.9 6.2 10.6 5.5 4.0 

13 .............. 3.1 3.0 3.4 2.6 . ....... 4.8 6.3 10.3 5.3 4.0 14 .............. 3.1 2.95 3.0 3.0 4.0 ------- 4.8 6.5 10.0 5.2 4.4 

15 .............. 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8 . ...... ····-·· 3.9 4.8 6.8 9.5 5.1 4.4 

16 .............. 2.9 2. 75 2.85 2.9 3.8 

I 

3.8 4.8 6.6 9.4 4.9 4.2 

17 .............. 3.0 2. 7 2.9 2. 75 . ...... 3.8 3.8 4. 7 6.8 9.0 5.0 4.3 

18.0 00 ....•..••• 3.1 2.95 3.0 ----·-· . ....... 4.0 3. 7 4.6 6.9 8.8 5.1 4.4 19 .............. 3.0 3.0 2.95 2.9 2.8 4.1 3.9 4.5 6.9 8.5 4.9 4.4 

20 .............. 3.2 3.1 3.0 ------- -----·· 4.1 4.0 4.4 6.8 8.1 4. 7 4.5 

21. ............. 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.8 4.3 4.0 4.5 6. 7 7. 7 5.0 4.6 22 .............. 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.6 4.2 3.8 4.4 6.8 7.9 5.3 4. 7 23 .............. 3.0 2.85 3.0 2.9 4.1 3.8 4.4 6.8 8.0 5.2 4. 7 

24 .............. 2.9 3.2 3.0 2.9 . ......... 4.2 3.9 4.4 7.0 7. 7 4.9 4. 7 25 •.•.•••••••••• 2.9 3.1 2.85 .. ........ .......... 4.2 3.8 4.5 7.0 7.8 4.6 4. 7 

26 .............. 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 4.2 3.9 4.2 7.1 7.8 4.6 4. 7 27 .............. 3.1 3.2 3.2 . ......... 4.1 4.0 4.1 7.5 7.8 4.5 4.5 

28 ......•.••••.. 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.4 4.1 4.0 4.0 7.8 7.6 4.5 4.6 

29 .............. 2. 75 3.1 2.95 2.85 . ........ 3.9 4.2 4.0 8. 7 7.4 4.3 4.6 

30 .............. 2.45 3.0 3.0 ------- ....... 3.8 4.3 4.0 10.3 7.1 4.3 4.6 

31. ............. 2.3 ···-··· 2.95 2. 75 ··-···· 3.8 ------- 4.0 ----·-- 7.0 4.4 ......... 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 13, 1913, to Mar. 31, 1914. 
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Daily fliMihsrge, m~86t, of Minnesota River 'I'UIQI' Jlontevideo, · lliM.,.j(YI' the year 

ending Sept. SQ, 19U. 

Day. Oct. ;Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

----- -------------- 1 .............. 162 194 260 ......... ........... .. .......... 374 543 418 3,410 1,310 516 2 .............. 155 194 278 ........... ........... ............ 354 516 418 3,410 1,280 466 3 ..... ; ........ 162 226 242 ............ ............ ............. 354 543 374 3,660 1,240 442 4 .............. 186 242 260 ............ ............ ............ 396 599 334 3,810 1,170 396 5 .............. 178 242 226 ............ ........... .. ............ 374 627 354 3, 710 1,140 374 

6 .............. 162 226 226 .............. ............. ............. 516 599 418 3,510 1,140 396 7 .............. 155 226 242 .......... .............. ............. 466 627 516 3,360 1,:=~ 396 8 .............. 162 296 186 .............. ............. ............. 571 627 715 3,210 395 9 .............. 194 218 122 ............ ............ ............. 490 599 745 3,210 934 334 10 •••••••••••••• 210 226 141 ............. ............. ............. 543 571 934 3,110 902 374 

11 •••••••••••••• 242 148 194 .......... .......... ......... 516 627 1,030 2,960 870 396 12 .............. 226 226 226 ............ ............ .......... <>486 656 1,070 2,830 838 418 13 .............. 242 226 ............ ............. ............. ............ <>456 627 1,100 2,700 776 418 14 •••••••••••••. 242 218 ............. ............ .............. ............. <>426 627 1,170 2,560 745 516 15 .•.••••••••••• 210 210 ............ ........... ............ ............. 396 627 1,280 2,340 715 516 

16 ••.••••••••••• 210 186 ........... ............ ............. ............ 374 627 1,200 2,290 656 466 17 .............. 226 178 ............ ............ .............. .......... 374 599 1,280 2,120 685 490 18 •••••••••••••• 242 218 ............ .............. ............ ............ 354 571 1,310 2,040 715 516 19 •••••••••••••• 226 226 ............ .......... ......... ............ 396 543 1,310 1,920 656 516 20 •.•••••••••••• 260 242 .......... ......... ............ ........... 418 516 1,280 1, 770 599 543 

21. •.•.••.•.•••. 226 242 .......... ......... .......... .......... 418 543 1,240 1,610 685 571 22 .............. 242 260 .......... ........... ............ ............ 374 516 1,280 1,690 776 599 23 ••.•.••••.••.• 226 202 ......... ............ ............ .. .......... 374 516 1,280 1,730 745 599 24 •.•••••••••••• 210 260 ......... ......... ............ ............. 396 516 1,350 1,610 656 599 25 •.•••••••••.•• 210 242 ......... ......... ............. ........... 374 543 1,350 1,650 571 599 

26 .............. 210 260 ........... ............. ............. ........... 396 466 1,390 1,660 571 599 27 .............. 242 260 .......... ............ .............. ............ 418 442 1,540 1,660 543 543 28 ..... 260 242 ....... ............. ........... ........ ._ 418 418 1,660 1,580 543 571 29 ...... :::::::: 186 242 ......... ........... ...... · ...... . ......... 466 418 2,000 1,500 490 571 30 •.••••.••••••• 141 226 ......... ............. ............ ........... 490 418 2,700 1,390 490 571 31 ••••••.•.••••• 122 ......... ........ ........ ............ .. ......... ......... 418 ............ 1,350 516 .. ........ 

" Interpolated. 

NOTE.-Dally discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined below 685 second-feet (gage height 5.0 feet) and well defined above this point. Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and climatic records as follows: Dec. 13--31, 1913, 180 secondfeet; Jan. 1~1, 1914, 90 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 65 second-feet; and Mar. 1~1, 235 second-feet. 

Momhly disCharge of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 

80, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 6,300 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum.! Minlmum. Mean. 

October................................. 260 122 204 

November.............................. 260 148 227 

December ...................................................... . 194 

=~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 90 

65 

235 

~tD:··::::nnn: : tm .. m 

425 

551 

1,100 

2,430 

804 

490 

Per 

square 

. mile. 

0.032 

.036 

.031 

.014 

.010 

.037 

.067 

.087 

.• 175 

• 386 

• 128 

.078 

Run-ott 

=~ Accudrainage racy. 

area) . 

0.04 B. .04 B. .04 c. .02 c. • 01 c . • 04 c . • 07 c . • 10 B . • 20 B . .44 A . .15 A . • 09 B . 

Theyear ......................... . -----1------1-----~ 3,810 572 .091 1.24 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 95 

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MANKATO, MINN. 

Location.-A.t Sibley Park, 2 miles above the center of Mankato, a few hundred 

yards below the mouth of Blue Earth River, the nearest tributary. 

Records available.-May 20, 1903, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-14,600 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage; read once daily to tenths. 

Channel and control.-No definite control; channel fairly permanent except 

during high water. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the highway bridge in center of Mankato; 

at low stages by wading a short distance below gage. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Discharge determined by measurements made through the ice. 

Regulation.-The nearest dam on the river is at Minnesota Falls, 140 miles upstream; 

no dam below station. A. dam on Blue Earth River at Rapidan, a few miles above 

the mouth, controls the flow of that river, but the water co¥tributed by the Blue 

Earth forms so small a part of the entire discharge of the M~eaota at the Mankato 

station that the effect of such regulation is slight. 

Maximum and minimum. :flow.-The highest known stage of th~ river, which is shown 

by a well-defined line in Mankato, occurred in 1881 when ihe stage was approximately 27 feet above the zero of the gage now in use. Th~ figure is corroborated 

by M. B. Haynes, city engineer of Mankato, who statef.that the high water 

occurred after the ice went out and was not caused by b kwater. The corresponding discharge was approximately 65,000 second-fee . The highest stage 

recorded since the establishment of the gage is 21.2 feet ~n June 26, 1908; the 

lowest 0.5 foot in 1911 when the flow was about 89 second-£ et for some time. 

Accuracy.-Measurements made during earlier years indicated hanging conditions of 

flow, and accordingly the discharge records for years previou~ to 1907 were obtained 

largely by the indirect method. These results are not as acc'-rate as the later ones, 

which are based on well-defined rating curves. When the ~ge was checked with 

wye level, on A.pril24, 1914, it was found to read 0.09 foot t~ high, due to a settlement of the gage, which is assumed to have occurred gradua1Iy since the previous 

checking of the gage "ith level on A.pril3, 1913. No correctipns due to this source 

have been applied to the daily gage heights or to the gag~ heights of discharge 

measurements made during the year ending September $0, 1913. Any error 

which may have existed in the gage on September 19, 1913~entered also into the 

gage height of the discharge measurement made on that ate. The low-water 

part of the rating curve used in computing estimates of d ly discharge as published in Water-Supply Paper 355 for the last part of the ye ending September 

30, 1913, was based on the discharge measurement of that ate and is therefore 

applicable to the gage heights as read by the observer. AI~ gage readings subsequent to September 30, 1913, have been reduced to the 9orrect datum. This 

accounts for most of the difference between low-water ~ of the rating curve 

used during the last part of the year ending September 30, 1913, and that used 

during the year ending September 30, 1914. 

Cooperation.-Since 1906 gage heights have been furnished by the United States 

Weather Bureau, 
96 ·SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Discha:rge 711BJ8'U1'eTMnt8 of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., during the year ending .· Sept. 30, 1914. 

Dis- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- heig G~ t. charge. Date. Made by- height. charge. 

--- Feet. See.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feb. 10 s. B. Soule ............. 1.49 a 118 June 14 Soule and Stewart. __ . 8.98 b 9,140 

Apr. 24 ..... do .•......•..•..... 2.33 904 Aug. 6 J. B. Stewart .......... 3.69 1,810 

a Measurement made under complete ice cover. b Measurement made from bridge about 2 miles below gage. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

-

I~ Day. Nov. Dec. May., June. Aug. I Sept. Jan. Feb. Mtlr. Apr. July. 

1---

L ............. I 1.4 1.6 1. 7 1.4 1.2 1.4 2.7 3.3 3.1 8.1 4.2 2.8 

2 ..........•.•• 1.3 1.5 1. 7 1.4 1.3 1.4 2.6 3.6 3.0 7.9 4.0 2.7 

3 ........•..••. 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.6 2.5 3. 7 3.0 7.7 4.0 2.7 

4 .............. 1.3 1.5 1. 7 1.4 1.3 1.5 2.5 3.4 3.2 7.7 3.9 2.6 

5 .............. 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.5 3.6 3.2 7.5 3.8 2.6 

6 .............. 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.4 3.4 3.3 7.3 3.8 2.6 7 .............. 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 2.0 2.4 3.3 3.6 7.0 3.5 2-5 

8 .............. 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.2 4.4 7.0 3.6 2.3 

9 .............. 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1. 7 2.3 3.3 5.8 6.9 3.5 2.2 

10 .............. 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.4 3.1 5.8 6.8 3.6 2.2 

11 .............. 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.9 2.4 3.1 7.1 6.6 3.3 2.1 

12 .............. 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.4 3.3 6.7 6.5 3.3 2.1 

13 .•............ 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.3 3.2 8.1 6.7 .3.2 2.2 

14 .............. 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 0 •• i:6 0 

2.0 2.1 3.2 9.3 6.0 3.1 2.2 

15 .............. 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.4 2.2 2.4 3.1 9.4 6.1 3.1 2.6 

16 .............. 1.3 1. 7 1.5 1.2 1.5 2.3 2.3 3.0 9. 7 5.8 3.0 2.7 

17 ·-·· .......... 1.3 I 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.3 2.3 3.1 9.9 5.4 3.0 3.3 

18 .............. 1. 4 1. 6 1.5 1.2 1.4 2.6 2.3 3.2 9.8 5.4 3.1 3.8 

19 .............. 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.4 2. 7 2.4 2.9 9. 7 5. 7 2.8 3.7 

20 .............. 1.3 1. 7 1.4 1.3 1.3 2.6 2.4 2.9 9.0 5.2 2.8 3.8 

21. ............. 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.7 2.3 3.0 8.7 5.0 2.7 3.7 

22 .............. 1.4 1. 7 1.4 1.4 1.2 2.9 2.3 3.2 8.2 5.8 2.7 3.6 23 .............. 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.2 2.6 2.3 3.1 8.2 5.6 2.8 3.1 

24 .............. 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 2.4 2.4 3.2 7.9 4.8 2.9 2.9 25 .............. 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.6 2.6 3.4 7.9 4.4 3.0 3.0 

26 .............. 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 .1.3 2.4 2.4 3.2 8.0 4.4 3.0 2.8 

27 .............. 1.4 1. 7 1.5 1.6 1.5 2.4 2.5 3.3 8.1 4.2 2.9 3.0 

28 .............. 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 2.5 3.4 3.8 8.0 4.1 2.8 2.9 

29 .............. 1.4 1. 7 1.6 1.4 ........ 2.5 3.5 4.0 7.8 4.3 2.9 2.7 

30 .............. 1.6 1. 7 1.5 1.3 ··-···- 2.6 3.4 3.9 7. 7 4.4 2.9 2.5 

31. ............. 1.5 ....... 1.5 1.3 ······- 2.6 --·-··· 4.0' ------- 4.0 2.8 ·····-· 

NOTE.-Discharge relation afrected by ice about Dec. 23, 1913, to Mar. 12, 1914. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 97 

Daily discharge, in seconrljeet, of Minnesota Rive:r near Mankato, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914-. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-------------------- 1 .. ------------ 370 470 525 ·------ --····- ------- 1,090 1,510 1,370 7,550 2,280 1,160 2 .•............ 320 420 525 ------- ....... ······· 1,030 1, 740 1,300 7,200 2,090 1,090 3 ...... _, _____ 270 470 470 ------- ---·-·· ··-···· 970 1,820 1,300 6,860 2,090 1,090 4 .............. 320 420 525 ------- ------- ------- 970 1,580 1,440 6,860 2,000 1,030 5 .............. 320 470 470 ------- ······· -----·- 970 1, 740 1,440 6,520 1,910 1,030 

6.,., __________ 370 420 525 ··-···· ·····-· ··--·-· 910 1,580 1,510 6,200 1,910 1,030 7 .............. 320 420 370 -·----- ------· -·-···· 910 1,510 1, 740 5, 730 1,660 970 8 .............. 270 420 320 ------- ····-·· ------· 910 1,440 2,460 5,730 1, 740 855 9 .............. 320 370 370 ······- ------- ······· 855 1,510 4,020 5,580 1,660 800 10 .............. 320 470 420 ------- ------- ····-·· 910 1,370 4,020 5,430 1, 740 800 

11 .............. 320 420 470 ······· ---·--- ---···· 910 1,370 5,880 5,140 1,510 745 12 .............. 370 470 420 ······· ------- ------· 910 1,510 5,280 4,990 1,510 745 

13 .... ----- --- .. 320 420 470 ------- ······· 470 855 1,440 7,550 5,280 1,440 800 14 .............. 370 470 420 ------- ------- 690 745 1,440 9,750 4,280 1,370 800 15 .............. 270 470 470 ------- ····--- 800 910 1,370 9,950 4,420 1,370 1,030 

16 .............. 320 525 420 ······· ---·-·- 855 855 1,300 10,600 4,020 1,300 1,090 17 .............. 320 420 420 ······· ------- 855 855 1,370 11,000 3,520 1,300 1,510 18 .............. 370 470 420 -·-···· ....... 1,030 855 1,440 10,800 3,520 1,370 1,910 19 .............. 320 470 320 -·-·--- --··--- 1,090 910 1,230 10,600 3,890 1,160 1,820 

20 .............. 320 525 370 ··----- -----·- 1,030 910 1,230 9,170 3,290 1,160 1,910 

21. ............. 270 470 320 ····--- ······· 1,090 855 1,300 8,620 3,070 1,090 1,820 22 .............. 370 525 370 ....... ----·-· 1,230 855 1,440 7,720 4,020 1,090 1, 740 23 .............. 370 420 ······· ------- ------- 1,030 855 1,370 7,720 3,760 1,160 1,370 24 __________ ,, 420 470 ........ ------- ·····-- 910 910 1,440 7,200 2,860 1,230 1,230 

25 .............. 370 420 ......... ---···· ........ 1,030 1,030 1,580 7,200 2,460 1,300 1,300 

26 .............. 420 420 ······· ······· ----·-· 910 910 1,440 7,380 2,460 1,300 1,160 27 .............. 370 525 ------- ······· ······· 910 970 1,510 7,550 2,280 1,230 1,300 28 .............. 420 470 ....... ······· ------- 970 1,580 1,910 7,380 2,180 1,160 1,230 29 ... · ........... 370 525 ------- ........ ------- 970 1,660 2,090 7,030 2,370 1,230 1,090 30 .............. 470 525 ....... ······· . ...... 1,030 1,580 2,000 6,860 2,460 1,230 970 31. ............. 420 ........ ....... --·-··· ---·-·- 1,030 ........ 2,090 ............ 2,090 1,160 .......... 

NoTE.-D~ily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 180 and 635 secondfeet (gage hei!:.t!ts, 1.0 and 1.9 feet), and well defined between 690 and 11,000 second-feet (gage heights 2.0 and 9.9 feet). Discharge estimated because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measure- ments, and climatic records, as follows: Dec. 23-311 1913, 300 seconc>-feet; Jan. 1-81, 1914, 190 second-feet; 

Feb. 1-28, 135 second-feet; and Mar. 1-12, 300 secona-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Minnesota Rive:r near Mankato, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. tJO, 

1914. 

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles. a 

Discharge In second-feet. 

\ Month. Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

rilile. 

October ....... ___ -_- ... ____ ....... _..... 470 270 347 0.024 November.............................. 525 370 459 .031 December .. _______________________ ,____ 525 .......... .. 391 .027 

. ~~~icy-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: March ......... -------------------------· 1,230 .......... .. 

~.-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1~;! ~:~ July..................................... 7,550 2,090 

t~~i),;;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: u~& 1,~ 

190 .013 135 .0092 695 .048 982 .067 1,540 .105 6,190 .424 4,390 • 301 1,480 .101 

1,180 .081 

The year ......................... . 11,000 1,500 .103 

97825° -WSP 385-15-7 

Run-o:tf. 

~~K!!'! Accudralnage racy. 

area). 

0.03 c. .03 c. • 03 c . • 02 D • .01 c. .06 c. • 07 B • • 12 A • • 47 A • .35 A . .12 A. .09 A. 

1.40 
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V •. 

LAC QUI PARLE RIVER AT LAC QUI PARLE, MINN. 

Location.-In sec. 26, T. 118 N., R. 42 W., at the highway bridge at Lac Qui Parle, 

in La$._ Qui Parle County, a short distance above the mouth of Threemile Creek . 

. Records available.-April27, 1910, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-838 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff; read daily, in the morning, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: 

Hundredths below 1.5, half-tenths between 1.5 and 3.0, and tenths above 3.0 feet. 

Channel and control.-Control consists of gravel; channel slightly shifting during 

flood stages. 

Discharge measurements.-At high and medium stages made from bridge; at low 

stages by wading a short distance below gage. 

Winter :flow.-Observations discontinued during winter. 

Regula~on.-At Dawson, Minn., about 10 miles above, a dam about 8 feet high, 

creating a reservoir impounding considerable water, was constructed during the 

later part of the summer of 1913. Probably the extreme low stage of the last part 

of September and the first part of October, 1913, is due to the retention of water 

to fill this reservoir, but no further regulation is contemplated at this dam and 

no other dams control flow. 

Accuracy.-Records only fair, because of slight shifting of channel and the fact that 

the rating curves are only fairly well defined. 

Di8charge 11Wl8Urement8 of Lac Qui Parle River at Lac Qui Parle, Minn., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gr:;te Dis- Date. Made by- he<ttt Dfs. 

heig t. charge. charge. 

--- ~ 

Feet. Bec.-{t. Feet. Sec.-{t. 

Apr. 21 s. B. Soule ............. 1.17 a34 July 23 J. B. Stewart ........... 1.46 61 

21 ..... do .................. 1.17 G33 Sept. 19 s. B. Soule •••.••••••.•• .92 19.9 

June 11 J. B. Stewart ........... 5.28 638 19 ..• ,.do ••••.•.•..•...•.•• .92 19.8 

a Measurement made by wading. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 99 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lac Qui Parle River at Lac Qui Parle, Minn., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Chas. A. Gould, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1------------------------

1.............. 0.30 2.............. .30 

3---··----··--· .28 4.............. .25 5.............. .40 

6.............. .40 7.............. .40 8.............. .38 9.............. .35 

10-------·--··-- .48 

11.............. .45 12.............. .40 13.............. .42 

14 •••.•.•.. -·-·· 0 70 15.............. .68 

16.............. .62 17.............. .62 18.............. .60 19.............. .60 20.............. .60 

21.-- ·- --0 0-00 00 22 ............. . 23 ............. . 24 ............. . 25 ............. . 

26 •••..•..•••••. 

21---··---·----- 28 ............. . 29 ............. . 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.65 

.65 

• 65 

.70 

.75 

.75 

0 75 

0.72 

.72 

.70 

0 70 

.70 

.80 

.85 

.80 

.80 

0.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

• 72 

.80 

.80 ····-·· -······ -··-··· ...... . 

.80 ····-·· ···-·-· ·-····· ····--· .70 

.70 

.70 

0 75 

::::::: ::::::; 0 0 00 0 0- ::::::: 

0 75 ·-····· -·-···· .......•...... .70 

0 70 

0 75 

.70 

0 78 -0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 ·- 0 0 0 00 ... -· 0 0 -~- 0 0 0 75 

.80 

.80 

.80 

.78 .....•. 0000000 •..•...•.••... .80 

.80 

.80 

.80 

1.7 

1.9 

1.6. 

1.85 

1.45 

1. 75 3.0 

2.2 

1.5 

1.30 

1.10 

1.20 

1.20 

1.20 

1.20 

1.20 

1.20 

1.20 

1.22 

1.20 

1.15 

1.20 

1.18 

1.20 

1.25 

1.22 

1.32 

1.5 

1.6 30 .•............ 1.7 31. •.. 00 00 0 .• 00 0 0 75 ...•... ···-·-- ····-·· ....•.. -··--·- ••••••• 

1.85 

1.8 

1.8 

1. 75 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6 

1.6 

1.5 

1. 55 1.55 

1. 55 

1. 7 

1. 7 

1.6 

1.55 

1.45 

1.35 

1.28 

1.25 

1.20 

1.40 

2.5 

2.2 

1.9 

1.8 

1. 7 

1. 7 

1.6 

1.6 

1. 55 1.48 

1.42 

1.40 

1.40 

1.5 

1.8 

3.2 

4.6 

5.6 

5.4 

4.8 

4.1 

3.9 

3.8 

4.2 

4.4 

4.0 

3.6 

3.4 

3.3 

3.0 

2.85 

2.9 

;!. 75 

3.1 

3.2 

3.0 

3.1 

3.2 

N OTE.-Dlscharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 10, 1913, to Mar. 31, 1914. 

3.0 

2.8 

2. 7 2.55 

2.4 

2.3 

2.2 

2.1 

2.0 

2.0 

1.85 

1.8 

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.42 

1.32 

1.22 

1.15 

1. 7 

1.6 

1.38 

1.25 

1. 7 

1.65 

1.32 

1.20 

1.10 

1.05 

1.00 

.92 

.88 

.85 

.92 

.85 

.75 

.62 

.65 

.65 

.62 

.62 

.62 

.65 

.65 

.60 

.60 

.88 

.88 

.75 

.65 

.60 

.60 

.60 

.62 

0 70 

.72 

.90 

.80 

0 75 

0 70 

0.68 

.65 

.62 

.62 

.60 

.58 

.55 

.55 

.5.1 

.58 

.58 

.5.1 

0 70 

.82 

.88 

.90 

.88 

.90 

.90 

.90 

.82 

0 78 

.72 

.70 

.68 

.65 

.62 

.60 

.60 

.58 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lac Qui Parle River at Lac Qui Parle, Minn., for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. I Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ...... ---··-· 0.3 11 14 ~ .. -.. ---····· ------- 81 96 66 253 25 9.2 2 .•............ .3 11 14 ······- ....... ....... 101 91 60 221 20 8.0 3.,, ___________ .3 10 14 ------- ....... --····· 71 91 5.1 206 18 6.8 4 ... _, _________ .2 10 14 ....... ....... ....... 96 86 53 184 16 6.8 

5--·--------··- 1.0 10 14 ....... ....... ·-····· 58 81 53 162 20 6.0 

6 .............. 1.0 14 14 . ...... ....... ....... 86 81 62 149 16 5.3 7 .•. -0-0--0 0--0 1.0 16 14 ....... ....... ....... 253 81 91 136 12 4.2 8 .............. .9 14 11 ....... ::::::r::::: 136 71 285 124 6.8 4.2 

9-------------- .6 14 14 ------- 62 71 519 112 8.0 4.2 10 ......... -- ··- 2.2 14 ······- ----··- ....... ....... 45 62 696 112 8.0 5.3 

1100·-·-----oo-• 1.8 14 ....... ........ . ...... ....... 31 66 660 96 6.8 5.3 12. _____________ 1.0 10 ----··· ------- ----··· --····· 38 66 553 91 6.8 4.2 

l3oo•------oo•-· 1.3 10 ------- ··--··· ······- ------- 38 66 434 81 6.8 10 

14-···-----·---· 10 10 ....... ....... ----·-- ------- 38 81 400 71 8.0 15 15 .•........ oo.o 9.2 12 ....... ....... ------- ······- 38 81 383 62 8.0 18 

16.-oooooo•ooooo 6.8 12 ······- -······ ....... ······· 38 71 451 62 6.0 19 

l7oo--·----•--oo 6.8 10 ·-··-·· ···-·-- ···-·-· ....... 38 66 485 62 6.0 18 

18 ..... ·---·--·- 6.0 10 ····-·· -·····- ·····-· ....... 38 58 417 55 18 19 19-oo .. oo.oo--oo 6.0 12 ·····-· ······· ···-··· ....... 39 49 349 47 18 19 20-•oo•oo-ooo-oo 6.0 10 ·····-· ....... -······ -······ 38 44 317 39 12 19 

2Loo ..... ooo-oo 6.0 13 ····-·· ···-··· --····· ....... 34 42 301 34 8.0 15 22ooooooo.ooo .. o 6.0 12 ....... ....... ....... ....... 38 38 253 81 6.0 13 23-•oo•ooooooo-o 6.0 14 ····-·· ....... ·····-· ....... 37 53 229 71 6.0 11 

24-ooo•oo-•oo--• 8.0 14 ....... ....... ·····-· ....... 38 176 237 51 6.0 10 25000•00•o•OOooo 8.0 14 ······- ······- ······· ···-··· 42 136 214 42 6.8 9.2 

260000000•00•••• 8.0 13 ........ ....... -······ ....... 39 101 269 81 10 8.0 27.ooo•oooooo.oo 10 14 ····--· ....... ....... ....... 47 91 285 76 11 6.8 

28ooo ----00--00 0 12 14 ------· ·····-· ....... ....... 62 81 253 47 19 6.0 29oooo•ooooooo,. 12 14 ------- ....... ....... ........ 71 81 269 38 14 6.0 

30oo-------·•ooo 12 14 ------· ·····-· ........ ....... 81 71 285 31 12 5.3 31. .•.... 00.0000 12 ........ ·····-- --····· ....... ------- ........ 71 . ...... 28 10 ........ 

NOTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 14 and 678 second-feet (gage heights, 0.8 and 5.5 feet) and fairly well defined below H second-feet. . . 
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Monthly discharge of Lac Qui Parle River at Lac Qui Parle, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. 90, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 838 square mnes.) 

D.lscharge In second-feet. Run-off • 

Month. (depth in AccuPer inches on racy. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square drainage 

mile. area). 

October •.........•.•.•................ · .. 12 0.2 5.25 0.0063 0.007 B. 

November ............................. . 16 10 12.3 .015 .02 B. 

December 1-9 •••.........•..•........... 14 11 13.7 .016 . 005 B . 

253 31 61.7 .074 . 08 B . 

176 38 77.4 .092 .11 A. ra~.--::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 696 53 299 .357 .40 A. 

253 28 93.7 . 112 .13 A . 

25 6.0 11.5 .014 .02 B. 

19 4.2 9.89 .012 • 01 B • i'~~c:::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

September •............................. 

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR WATSON, MINN. 

Location.-On line between sees. 10 and 15, T. 118 N., R. 41 W., at highway bridge 

2! miles northeast of Watson; 10 miles above the mouth of the river, and about 2 

miles below the mouth of Dry Weather Creek. 

Records available.-July 6, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage are!!-.-1,940 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the afternoon, to hundredths. 

Limits of use: Hund:r:edthl! below 5.0, half-tenths between 5.0 and 6.0, and tenths 

above 6.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-Channel shifts slightly during flood stages. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from bridge and by wading. 

:Regulation.-Possibly some slight regulation was due to a flour mill working under 

an 8-foot head, but this dam is now out and the flow is natural. No backwater 

at station from the dam at Montevideo. 

Accuracy.-Rating curve fairly well defined; records good. 

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., during the year ending 

Sept. 90, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gate Dis- Date. Made by- ~ Disheig t. charge. t. charge.. 

--- -- Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.1t. 

Apr. 21 s. B. Soule •••.......... 5.65 190 July 10 S. B. Soulo!.. .•..•....... 11.30 1,~ J"une 10 J. B. Stewart ..........• 6.94 393 23 J. B. Stewart ....•.•.... 8.65 

11 ..... do ......•.......•.•. 6.92 397 Sept. 19 8. B. Soulo!.. .••..•.•.... 6.35 293 

July 10 s. B. Soule .........•.. 11.31 1,480 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 101 

Daily gage Might, in feet, of Chippewa RiVe:r near Watson, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Clifford Bonde, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. :Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1------------------------

1. ............. 4.80 5.2 5.2 ------- ~--.--. ------- --····· 6.2 5.55 12.9 7.5 5. 75 2 .............. 4.81 5.1 5.2 ------· ------- ....... ....... 6.2 5.4 13.5 7.5 5. 7 3 .............. 4. 79 5.1 5.1 ---·--- ------· ---·--· ------- 6.3 5.4 13.3 7.3 5.7 4 .............. 4. 76 5.1 5.1 ------- ------- ------- 6.5 6.4 5.5 13.1 7.2 5.65 

5 .............. 4.82 5.0 5.1 ....... ·-·--·· ·------ 6.5 6.3 12.8 7.1 5. 7 

6 .............. 4.85 5.05 5.05 ....... ------- ------- 6.9 6.2 6.4 12.5 6.9 7 .............. 4.88 5.1 ------- ------- ------- ······- 6.5 6.2 6.4 12.1 6.8 5.55 

8 .............. 4.90 5.1 ------· ....... ------- ....... 6.1 6.2 6. 7 11.8 6.8 5.6 

9 .............. 4.88 5.1 ------- ------- ------- ------- 6.0 6.2 6.9 11.6 6.8 

10 .............. 5.05 5.0 ------- ·------ ··----- ....... 5.9 6.2 6.9 11.3 6.5 5.55 

11 .............. 5.1 5.3 ··----- ····-·· -----·· ------· 5.65 6.3 6.9 11.0 6.4 5.55 12 .............. 5.1 5.0 ·····-· ------- ------- ------- 5.45 6.4 7.0 10.8 6.4 5.55 

13 .............. 5.0 5.1 -----·- ····--- ------- ------- 5.65 6.4 7.0 10.5 6.3 

14 .............. 5.05 4.90 ······· ....... ------- ------- 5.6 6.3 7.0 10.2 6.1 6.1 

15 .............. 5.0 5.1 ··-···· ---···· ------- ······· 5.6 6.3 7.0 9.9 6.2 6.1 

16 .............. 5.1 5.05 ······· ....... ....... ....... 5.6 6.2 6.9 10.3 6.1- 6.2 

17 .............. 5.1 5.0 -----·· ------- ------- ------- 5.6 6.2 7.1 9. 7 6.0 6.2 

18 .. ------------ 5.1 5.0 --···-- ------- ·------ ------- 5.6 6.0 7.0 9.1 6.3 6.3 

19 .. ------------ 5.1 5.0 ------- ------- ------· ........ 5.6 6.0 6.8 8.9 6.1 6.4 

20 .. ------------ ------- 5.0 ------- ------- ------- ------- 5.55 6. 7 8.8 5.95 6.7 

21. ............. 4.88 5.1 ------- ------- ------- ······- 5.6 5.8 6. 7 8.8 5.94 6. 7 22 .............. 5.1 5.1 ··----- ------- ------- ·------ 5. 75 6.6 8.6 6.0 6. 7 

23 .. ' ----------- 5.0 5.1 ------- ........ ........ ........ 5.65 5. 7 6.6 8.3 5.95 6.8 

24 .. ------------ 5.1 5.1 ......... ------- ------- ------- 5. 7 5.65 6.6 8.5 5.95 6.8 

25 .. -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.05 5.1 ......... ......... ·------ .. ....... 5.65 5.55 6.6 8.3 5.95 6.7 

26 .. ------------ 5.05 5.1 ------· ---·--- ....... ....... 5.65 5.55 7.6" 8.6 6. 7 

27-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.05 5.2 ------- -----·- ....... ------- 5.8 5. 45 8.3 8. 3 6.6 28 .............. 5.15 5.2 ------- ------- ······- ------- 5.95 5.5 9.2 8.2 6.6 29 .............. 5.3 5.2 ------- ------· ....... ------- 6.0 5.6 9.5 8.0 6.5 

30 .............. ------- 5.2 ------- ....... ·------ ····--· 6.1 5.65 12.0 7. 7 6.4 

31.------------- ------- ------- ------- ......... ........ . ........ ......... 5.6 . ...... ------- 5.75 -------

NoTE.-Dischargerelation affected by ice about Nov. 21, 1913, to Apr. 3, 1914. 
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in seconrJ.feet, of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 90, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1 .... _, ____ ,_ 76 124 ·····-· ........... ....... ------· ........ 272 172 2,100 499 202 

2-------------- 77 111 ........... ------- ------- 3 ______________ ........... ............ 272 151 2,360 499 195 75 111 .......... ........... ............ ........... """32i" 288 151 2,280 463 195 

4-------------- 72 111 .......... ............ ------- .......... 304 165 2,180 445 188 

1'-------------- 78 99 ------- ------· ......... ............. 321 288 a234 2,060 427 195 

6 __ , ___________ 82 105 ........ ........ ........ ------- 7 ______________ 391 272 304 1,940 391 a184 

85 111 ·------ ------- .......... ------- 8 ______________ 321 272 304 1, 780 373 172 87 111 ........... ------- ------- 9 ______________ ........... 256 272 355 1,660 373 180 85 111 ------- ------- ------- ------- 240 272 391 1,600 373 a176 10 ______________ 105 99 ------- .......... ............ . ....... 225 272 391 1,490 321 172 

11-------------- 111 137 ------- ------- ......... ------- 188 288 391 1,380 304 172 12 ______________ 111 99 .......... ------- ------· ............ 158 304 409 1,320 304 172 13 ________ , _____ 99 111 ------- ··-···· .......... ........ 188 304 409 1,230 288 a214 14 ______________ 105 87 .......... ------- .......... ......... 180 288 409 1,140 256 256 15 ______________ 99 111 ------- .......... ·-··--- ....... 180 288 409 1,050 272 256 

16 __ , ___________ 111 105 ------- ------- ------- ------- 180 272 391 1,170 256 272 17 ______________ 111 99 ------- ------- ------- ------- 180 272 427 995 240 272 18 ______________ 111 99 ------- ------- ------- ------- 180 240 409 836 288 288 19 ______________ 111 99 ------- ------- ------- ------- 180 240 373 787 256 304 

20-------------- a98 99 ------- ------· ------· ------- 172 a225 355 763 232 355 

21_ _____________ 85 ------· ······· ....... ....... . ...... 180 210 355 763 231 355 

22-------------- 111 ------- ·····-- ....... ------- ------· a184 202 338 718 240 355 23 ______________ 99 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 24 ______________ 188 195 338 654 232 373 111 ------- ....... ....... ------- ....... 195 188 338 696 232 373 25 ______________ 105 ······· ······· ....... ....... -----·- 188 172 338 654 232 355 

26 ______________ 105 ······· ------- ------- ------- -······ 27 ______________ 188 172 518 718 a221 355 105 ······· ....... ·------ --····· 28 ______________ ....... 210 158 654 654 a222 338 118 ------- ··----- ------- ------- ------- 232 165 861 634 a217 338 zg ______________ 137 ------- ······· ··----- ------- go ______________ ....... 240 180 940 594 a212 321 133 ....... ....... ------- ·····-- -······ 256 188 1,740 537 a207 304 31__ ___ ........ 128 ······- ------- ------- ....... ....... ......... 180 a 518 202 

a Interpolated. 

NOTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well detlned between 36 and 1,740 second-feet 

(gage heights, 4.3 and 12.0 feet). · . . Discharge e!ltimated because of ice, from gage heights, climatic records, and discharge of adjacent drain· 

age areas, as follows: Nov. 21-30, 1913, 100 second-feet, and Apr. 1-3, 1914, 200 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. 90, 1914-. 

[Drainage area, 1,940 square miles.! · 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

October .. ------------------------------- 137 72 101 0.052 

November ___ --------------------------- 137 .............. 105 .054 

~-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 391 .. -·----iss- 217 .112 

304 242 .125 

1, 740 151 434 .224 

i~~i:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2,:: 518 1,~~ .619 

202 .155 September •••...............• _ ... __ .... _ 373 172 263 .136 

Run-oft 

~J::C: Accudrainage racy. 

area). 

0.06 A. • 06 B . .12 B. • 14 A • • 25 A . .71 A. • 18 A • • 15 A • 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

REDWOOD RIVER NEAR REDWOOD FALLS, MINN. 

Location.-At the first highway bridge above Redwood Falls, 3 miles distant. 

Records available.-July 2, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-703 square miles. 

103 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to bridge; read once daily to quarter-tenths. Limits 

of use: Hundredths below 3.0, half-tenths between 3.0 and 4.0, and tenths a.bove 

4.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-Well-defined control, consisting of loose and solid rock and 

coarse gravel, at rapids about 200 feet below; practically permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the bridge; at low stages by wading· at 

different sections about one-fourth mile above gage. 

Winter fl.ow.-Affected by ice; observations discontinued during winter. 

Regulation.-No dams above station. Below station a dam at Redwood Falls 

creates a pond extending for some distance upstream, but backwater does not 

reach station. 

Accuracy.-Conditions favorable for excellent results, and records should be reliable. 

Discharge meaBurem.ents of Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn., during the year 

ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

Date. Made byApr. 23 S. B. Soule.·-······-···-····-·--···-·······-····-·-·---·-·-·············· June 13 J. B. Stewart .•..••.•..•••.••••.••••........•..••..•.•.•....••••..•....... 

Gage 

hejght. 

Feet. 

1.98 

2. 70 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. a 21 

163 

a Measurement made by wading at a section about 1,200 feet above gage. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. · 

[Douglas Stewart, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1------------------------

1. ......... ··-· 1.65 --·---- ....... ··-···· ------- ······· ······· 2.10 2.10 2.90 2.00 1.90 

2 .............. 1.65 ------- ....... ------- .. ---- ---···· ------- 2.10 2.10 2.85 2.00 1.85 

3 •..•••.....•.. 1.62 . ...... ------- ······- ------- ------- ------- 2.15 2.10 2.80 1.98 1.80 

4 ...•...•...... 1.62 . ...... ....... ------- ------- ······· 2.10 2.10 2. 75 1. 95 1.80 

5 .•....••....•. 1.72 ....... ------- ······- ------- ------- 2.10 2.10 2.00 2.70 1.90 1.80 

6 ••....•......• 1. 75 ....... --····· ....... ....... ....... 2.10 ;1.05 2.05 2.60 1.90 1. 75 

7 ••.......•.... 1. 78 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 2.10 2.05 2.10 2.55 1.90 1.75 

8 .••...•..••.•. 1.80 ....... ....... ··-···· ....... ....... 1.95 2.05 2.10 2.40 1.90 1. 75 

9 •.......•....• 1.80 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 2.00 2.05 2.50 2.35 1. 90 1. 72 

10 ••.•........•• 1.90 ....... ....... ....... ....... . ...... 2.10 2.08 2.60 2.30 1.90 1. 75 

11 ..........•.•• 2.00 ......... ······· ....... ........ ....... 2.10 2.10 2.65 2.30 1.90 1. 70 

12 .............. 2.00 ....... ······· ....... ....... ······· 2.10 2.05 2.70 2.25 1.82 1. 70 

13 .•....••.•.... 2.00 ....... ........ ......... ....... ....... 2.05 2.05 2. 70 2.25 1.82 1.90 

14 •.....••••.••. 2.00 ....... ....... ....... ....... . ...... 2.05 2.05 2.75 2.25 1.82 2.10 

15 •.....•••.•.•• 2.05 ······· ······· ....... ....... ....... 2.10 2.05 2.80 2.20 1.82 2.20 

16 ........•••... 2.05 ....... ....... ······· ······· . ...... 2.10 2.05 2.90 2.15 1.80 2.20 17 •••••••••••••• 2.10 ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ 2.05 2.00 2.90 2.15 1.80 2.20 

18 ......•••••••• 2.10 ........ ....... ....... ....... . ...... 2.00 2.00 3.0 2.15 1.80 2.20 

19 •.....•.•••.•. ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ······· 2.00 2.00 3.1 2.15 1. 75 2.10 

20 •.•..••.•••••• ......... ....... ........ ······- ....... ······· 2.00 2.00 3.3 2.05 1.80 2.10 

21. ..•..•..••.•. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... . ...... 2.00 2.00 3.35 2.05 1.80 2.05 

22 •...••••....•• ........ ......... ....... ....... . ...... 2.00 2.00 3.3 2.20 1.80 2.05 

23 .......•.•.••• 2.00 ........ ......... ....... ....... . ...... 2.00 2.05 3.3 2.20 1.80 2.00 

24 .•...•.•....•. 2.05 ....... ······· .......... ....... ....... 2.00 2.10 3.3 2.15 1.80 2.00 

25 .•.•.•.....••. 2.05 ......... ....... ........ ......... ........ 2.00 2.05 3.15 2.15 1.80 1.95 

26 •••••••••••••• 2.00 ........ ........ ······· ....... ....... 2.00 2.10 3.1 2.15 1.80 1.90 

21--·····-·-·--- 2.00 ........ ........ ....... . ....... ....... 2.00 3.0 2.10 1.80 1.80 

28 •..••.•••••••• 2.02 ......... ......... ........ ....... ........ 2.05 -Tio· 3.0 2.08 1.85 1.80 

29 •••••••••••••• 2.02 ........ ······· ....... ........ ........ 2.05 3.0 2.00 1.85 1.85 

30 •••••••••••••• 2.00 ....... ······· ....... ........ ....... 2.10 2.12 2.90 2.00 1.85 1.90 

31. •.••.••.••••• 2.00 ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ........ 2.10 ....... 2.00 1.90 

NoTE.-Discharge relation probably not affected by ice during the period of the above records. 
104 SUBJ!'ACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily di8charge, in aecond1eet, of Redwood River near Redwood Falla, Minn., for the year 

ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. 

1. ............ . 2 •••••••••••••• 

3 •............. 

4 ••.•.•.•.•..•. 

5 ••.•.•.•.•..•. 

6 •.•.•••.•.•... 

7 •••..••.•.•... 

8 •............. 

9 •••••••••••••• 

10 •••.••••••••.. 

11 •••••••••••••. 

12 ••.•.•••.•..•. 

13 ••.•.•.•.•..•. 

14 ••.•.•••.•..•. 

15 •••.•.•••.•••. 

16 •••••••.•.••.. 

17 •••••.•••.••.• 

18 ••.•.•••.•.... 

19 ••.•.•.•••..•. 

20 ••••.•.••• , ... 

21 •••.•.•.•.•... 

22 •••••••••••••• 

23 ••••••.•.••.•. 

24 •••••••••••••• 

25 •••.•.•••....• 

26 •••••••••••..• 

27 •••••••••••••• 

28 •••••••••••••• 

29 •••••••••••••• 30 ••••.•...•..•. 

31. •............ 

Oct. 

4 

4 

3 

3 

6 

7 

8 

9 

9 

15 

23 

23 

23 

23 

28 

28 

34 

34 

a32 

a30 

a27 

a25 

23 

28 

28 

23 

23 

25 

25 

23 

23 

Nov. Dec. 

----

............ .......... ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............ ............. 

.......... ............ ............ ........... ............. ............ ............. ............. 

............ .............. 

.......... .............. ............ ............. ......... ....... ....... ------- ------- ....... 

------- ------- -·----- ------· ------- ....... ------- ··-···· -----·- ....... 

------- ------- ....... ------- ------- ·-····· ------- ....... ···---- ----·-- ....... ....... ------- -------

------- ------- ....... ---···· ....... -··-··· ........ ........ 

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. 

---------- ............ ............ .. .......... 34 

.............. .............. .. ........... .. ........... 34 .............. ............. .. ........... .. .......... 42 ............. ........... ............. ····34· 34 

............. .............. .. ............ 34 

.......... ............. .. ............ 34 28 

........... ........... .. .......... 34 28 

............ ............ . ............ 19 28 

.............. ............. ............. 23 28 

.............. .............. ............. 34 32 

............ .............. . ........... 34 34 

............ .......... ------- 34 28 

....... ·····-- -------- 28 28 

------- ------- ---·--- 28 28 

....... ------- -----·- 34 28 

------- ....... ···-··· 34 28 

-······ ....... ........ 28 23 

-·····- ······- ······- 23 23 

-······ ---···· ··----- 23 23 

--·---- ·····-- ------- 23 23 

------- --····· -----·- 23 23 

------- ------- ........ 23 23 

------- ....... ------- 23 28 

------- ------- ·------ 23 34 

....... ------- ------- 23 28 

------- ------- . ...... 23 34 

------- ------- ....... 23 a34 

------- ------- ....... 28 a34 

···-··· ------- ....... 28 34 

------· -·--·-- ------- 34 37 

------- ------- . ...... ....... 34 

a Discharge interpolated. 

NoTE.-Dally discharge computed from a falrly well defined rating curve. 

June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------r--- 34 237 23 15 

34 220 23 12 

34 204 21 9 34 188 19 9 

23 173 15 9 

28 144 15 7 

34 130 15 7 34 92 15 7 117 80 15 6 

144 69 • 15 7 

158 69 15 5 

173 60 10 5 173 60 10 15 

188 60 10 34 

204 50 10 50 

237 42 9 50 237 42 9 50 272 42 9 50 308 42 7 34 

383 28 9 34 

402 28 9 28 

383 50 9 28 

383 50 9 23 383 42 9 23 326 42 9 19 

308 42 9 15 

272 34 9 9 272 32 12 9 272 23 12 12 

237 23 12 15 

23 15 

Monthly di8charffe of Redwood River near Redwood Falla, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 

80, 1914-. ' 

[Drainage area, 703 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

October •••..............•.......•.••.... 34 3 20.0 

~;~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 34 19 27.6 42 23 30.0 June ....•.•.•.•......................•.. 402 23 203.0 

t~~h~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 237 23 78.1 23 7 12.5 

50 5 19.9 

Per 

square 

Dille. 

0.028 

.039 

.043 

.289 

.111 

.018 

.028 

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on drainage 

area). 

0.03 

.04 

·,05 

• 32 

• 13 

;02 

.03 

Accuracy. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B . 

B . 

B. 

B. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 105 

ST. OROIX RIVER AT SWISS1 WIS. 

Loca.tion.-At highway bridge near post office at Swiss, Wis., 10 miles northeast of 

Danbury, Minn., on Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway, about 2 

miles above point where St. Croix River becomes the boundary line between 

Wisconsin and Minnesota. Totogatic River enters from left about 3l miles above 

station. ' 

Records a.vaila.ble.-March 20 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-1,550 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Cast-iron staff gage bolted to iron girder at left end of bridge; read morning 

and evening to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 1.0 foot, halftenths between 1.0 and 2.0 feet, and tenths above 2.0 feet. 

Ch.a.nnel and control.-Gravel, smooth; grass grows in channel to some extent during summer months and causes a small amount of backwater at gage. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from upstream side of bridge. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Discharge relation affected by ice which forms at the gage; estimates 

based on measurements made through the ice. 

Regula.tion.-N one. 

Accura.cy.-Records excellent except for periods during which grass may grow in 

channel; open-water rating curve corrected for backwater from grass June 19 to 

September 30; maximum correction about 16 per cent. 

Discharge meaaurements of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 90, 

1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- height. charge. Date. Made by- ~age Disheight. charge. 

Feet. 

Mar. 13 G. H. Canfteld ............... .. 20 ..... do................. 2.52 

Apr. 8 ..... do................. 1.16 

23 :M. F. Rather.......... 2. 80 

Sec.-ft. a754 

a875 

b 1,120 

2,650 

Apr. 28 J'. B. Stewart ........ .. 29 ..... do ............... .. Aug. 19 ..... do ............... .. 

a Complete ice cover above and below gage. b River clear of ice ln vicinity of gage; frozen over a few miles downstream. • Small amount of grass and moss growing on bed of river. 

Feet. 

3.25 

3.60 

L55 

Sec.-ft. 

3,070 

3,450 

c 1,250 
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wit: ,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1914. 

[R. Goldschmidt, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1---1----------------------

L ............. ............ ............ ............ .......... ............ .. ............ 2. 7 3.4 1.65 3.6 1.45 1.6 

2 •.•.•••.•.•••. ............. ............ ............. .............. ............. .. .......... 2.8 3.2 1.6 3.6 1.4• 1. 75 

3 .••..••.•.•.•• ............. ............. . ......... .. ......... ............. ............. 2.8 3.2 1.55 3.5 1.35 1.8 

4 •••.•••.•.•.•• ............ ............ .. ........... .. ............ .............. . .......... 1.35 3.3 1.55 3.6 1.3 1.8 

5 •.•.•.•.•••••. ............. ........... --~---- .. ........... ............. ............ 1.3 3.2 1.6 3.3 1.3 1. 7 

6 .•....•••.•••• .............. ........... ............. ............ ............. .............. 1.2 3.0 1.6 3.1 1.3 1.65 

7 ••••..•.•.•.•• ............ .............. . ........... ........... ........... . ........... 1.2 3.0 1.6 2.8 1.3 1.5 

8 ..•.•.•.•..••. ............. ............. .. .......... ............. ------- .. ......... 1.1 2. 7 1.6 2.6 1.3 1.5 

9 •.•.•.•.•••.•. ............. ............. .. .......... .. ........ ........... ............ 1.1 2.8 1.6 2.3 1.3 1.45 

10 •.•.•.•.•••••. .......... ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. 1.1 2.4 1.6 2.1 1.5 1. 45 

ll .............. ............. ............. ........... ........... ........ ........ 1.1 2.4 1.65 1.9 1.7 1.6 

12 ..•.•.•••••••. ······· ....... ....... . ...... ........ ....... 1.1 2.3 1.5 2.2 1. 75 1.6 

13 •.•.•.•••••••. ......... ......... . ...... .. ....... ........ .......... 1.1 2.2 1.4 2.8 1. 75 1.6 

14 ••••••••.••••. ........... ............ .. .......... ........ . ........ ........ 1.2 2.2 1.4 2.9 1. 7 1. 75 

15 •••.•••••••••. ........... ........... .. ......... .. ........... ............. ............ 1.25 2.0 1.4 2.8 1.65 1.9 

16 •.•.•.•••.•••. .......... ........... ------- .. ........... .......... ........... 1.4 1.9 1.35 2.7 1.6 1.9 

17 •••.•.•••••.•. ............ ............. ............ ............ ........... ............ 1.5 1.8 1.35 2.6 1.55 1.9 

18 •.•.•.•••••.•. ......... .......... .. ......... ............ .. ......... ........... 1. 75 1.7 1.3 2.4 1.6 1.85 

19 •.•.•.•.•••••. ............ ........... .. ......... .............. . ......... 2.8 1. 7 1.3 2.2 1.55 1.95 

20 •••••••••••••• ............ .......... .. ........... . ......... ............. 2.5 2.9 1.6 1.35 2.1 1.5 1.9 

21. .•.••••..•••• ............. .......... ......... --····- ............ 2.6 3.0 1. 95 1.35 1.95 1.5 1.9 

22 •.•.•••••••.•• .......... ............ .. .......... ........... ........... 2.5 3.0 2.1 1.6 1.95 1.45 1.95 23 •••••••••••••• ............. ........... ............ ............ -----·- 2.4 2.8 2.1 1.95 2.0 1. 7 1.9 

24 •••••••••••••• .............. ............ ............. ........... ............ 2.4 4.0 2.0 2.2 1~ 95 1. 75 1.9 

25 •.•••••••••.•• ........... ............ ------- ------- ............. 2.6 3.3 1.95 2.2 1.8 1. 7 1.8 

26 ••••••.••••••. .............. .............. ............. ........... ............. 2.6 3.2 2.0 2.3 1.8 1.6 1. 7 

27 •••••••••••••• ............. ........... ............ ............ ............. 2.6 3.2 1.9 3.1 1. 7 1.6 1.6 

28 •••••••••••••• ............. ............ ............ ... ... .. .......... 2.8 3.3 1.85 4.1 1.65 1.5 1.55 

29 •.•••••••••••• ............ ............ ............ ........... ............ 2.8 3.6 1.9 4.0 1.6 1.45 1.45 

30 ..•.......•.•. ............. .............. ............ ............. . ........... 2.8 3.5 1.9 3. 7 1.5 1.4 1.4 

31. ••.........•. .............. ............. ............ ............. . ....... 2.7 1.8 1.5 1.4 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Mar. 13 to Apr. 31 and by backwater from weeds June 

19 to Sept. 30. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., for the year ending Sept. so, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1---1--------------------------------- 1. ....•.••••.•. ··•·•·· .••.•....•••.. •·••••· .•••..••••.••••.••••. 2 ....•••••••••...•.•...••......•.••.••••••.•••.••••••••••••••••. 

3 ..•••...•...•...••••..•••••..•••••.••••••••••.••.•••.••..•••... 

L::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::g~ 

6 •..•••.••.•••••••••••.•••••..••••••..••••..•••..•••••.•• 1,160 

7 •.•....•••••••••••••..•••••. ·•••••• ••••.•...•••...•••••• 1,160 

8 .•.....•..••••••••••.••••••..•••••••••••••.••••..••••••. 1,080 

9 .•.•.•.••••••• •·•·••· .•••••• ·•••••• .••.••..••••..••••.•• 1,080 10 ••.•.•.•..••••••••••••••••••••••.••.••••••.•••....•••••• 1,080 

11 ....••••••••••••••••.•.••••• -~·-··· .•••••..••••••••••••. 1,080 

12 ...•••••••••••..•......•••••.••••••..••.••.••.•..••••••. 1,080 

13 ..•••.•.•••••...•.....••••••.•••.••..••••. ••••••· ••••••. 1,080 

14 .. ·••·•·•••••· .........•••••.••••••..•••••.•••••.•••.••• 1,160 

15 ..•.....•••.••..••...•••••••••••••• ··•·••· •••••••••••••• 1,200 

16 •...••••.••.•. ··••••• ••••••.••••••••••••••.••••••••••••• 1,330 17 ..•.•.••...••...•••...•••••..•••••.•.•••••..••.....••.•. 1,420 

18 ..•••••..•.•••..••.•...••••.••••••...•.•••..•••...••..•• 1,640 

19 ....•.•.••••••..••.....•••••.•••••...•.•••.•••.•••.••••. 2,650 

20 .••••••.••••••..•.••..•••••••••••.•••••••..•••••.••••••• 2, 750 

21. .••••••••••••.•••••..••••••.••••••••••.••.••••..••••••. 2,850 

22 .•••••••••••••••••.•...••••..•••••...•.•••.••••••.•••••. 2,850 23 ••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2,650 

24 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• ••••••• ••••••• 3,870 25 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••.•••••. 3,150 

26 •••••••••••••• ••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3,050 

27 ••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• ••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••• 3,050 28 ••••••••..•••..•••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••..•••••• 3,150 

~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~;~ 31. •••••••••••••.••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••· 

3,250 

3,050 g.m 

3;050 

2,850 

2,850 

2,650 

2,650 

2,250 

2.250 

2,160 

2,060 

2,060 

1,870 

1,780 

1 690 

1'600 

1'600 

1:510 

1,820 

1,960 

1,960 

1,870 

1,820 

1,870 

1,780 

1,740 

1,780 

1,780 

1,690 

1 560 

1;510 

~·:l 1;510 

1,510 

1,510 

1,510 

1,510 

1,510 

1,460 

1,420 

1,330 

1,330 

1,330 

1,290 

g~ 

1:160 

1,200 

1,200 

1,420 

1,740 

1,960 

1,960 

~·~ s;s7o 

3,760 

3,460 

3,350 1,290 1,330 

3,350 1,240 1,460 

3,250 H:J 1,510 

3,350 1,510 

.3,050 1;160 1,420 

2,850 1,160 1,380 

2,650 1,160 1,240 

2,350 1,160 1,240 

2,060 1,160 1,200 

1,870 1,330 1,200 

1,690 1,510 1,330 

1,960 1,560 1,330 

2,650 1,560 

2,650 1,510 l·:l: 

2,650 1,460 1:600 

2,460 1,420 1,600 

2,350 1,380 1,600 

2,160 1,420 1,560 

1,960 1,290 1,640 

1,870 1,240 1,600 

1,740 

1,740 

1,780 

1,740 

1,600 

1,240 

1,200 

1,420 

1,460 

1,420 

1,600· 

1,640 

1,600 

1,600 

1,510 

I:m 1,330 1,420 

1,330 1,330 

1,460 1,240 1;290 

1,420 1,200 1,200 

1,330 1,160 1,160 

1,33!r 1,160 

NoTE.-Dafiy dlscbarge computed from a rating curve well defined between 1 080 and 8 870 second-feet 

(gage heights 1.1 and 4.0 feet). Discharge estimated, because of Ice, fr~ll ~hiS~ obiieiver•s notes, 

dlsiibarge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Mar. 13-20, 810 -feetili&i'. 21-31, 940 -~ feet; and Apr. 1-3, 1,()30 second-feet. Allowance made for e1fect of aquatic growth June 19 to Sept. 30. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 107 

Momhly discharge, of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 1,550 square miles.! 

Month. 

Discbarge ln second-feet. I 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

March 13-<11 .................................................. .. 

i}}\~~~H~H~~~HHHH l~i ..... 1~- Septem.ber ........................ y.... 1, 640 1,160 

885 

1 930 

2;170 

1,750 

2,180 

1,310 

1,430 

Per s:S 

0.571 

1.25 

1.40 

1.13 

1.41 

.845 

• 923 

Run-oft 

( depth ln Accu- == mcy. area). 

0.40 D. 

1.40 A. 

1.61 A. 

1.26 B. 

1.63 B. 

.97 B. 

1.03 B • 

ST. CROIX RIVER NEAR ST. CROIX FALLS, WIS. 

Location.-At the power plant of the Minneapolis General Electric Co., on the Wisconsin aide of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falla, Wis., about 50 miles above 

the confluence of St. Croix and Mississippi rivers near Hastings, Minn. Apple 

River, draining an area wholly in Wisconsin, enters from the left about 20 miles 

below the station; Snake River, draining an area in Minnesota, enters from the· 

right, about 35 miles above the station. 

Records available.-Jru;mazy 10, 1902, to June 30, 1905; January 1, 1910, to September 30, 1914. Data for 1003 published in Water-Supply Paper No. 98, pages 176-

177, under St. Croix near Taylors Falls, Minn.; daily and monthly discharge 

January 10, 1902, to Jun~ 30, 1905, and January 1, 1910, to October 31, 1912, and 

monthly discharge for JU,ly, 1905, to December, 1909, with the exception of nine 

months, published also ht report on water resources of Minnesota by the State 

Drainage Commission. 

Drainage a.rea.-5,930 square miles. 

Discha.rge.-Determination of discharge based on kilowatt output of dynamo and 

exciters plus :flow over dam and spillway, considered as a weir. 

Accuracy.-Records have not been checked nor have discharge measurements been 

made by engineers of the United States Geological Survey; probably reliable. 

Cooperation.-Records furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co. 
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Daily discharge, in aecond-feet, of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis.,jor the year · ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------- ------------------ 1 •••••....••.•. 1,910 3,330 3,500 2,110 1,030 1,090 3,310 12,000 8,380 15,000 3,540 3,2:ll 2 ••••••••.•..•. 2,460 1,940 3,690 1,560 1,760 1,720 3,480 12,300 6,510 14,500 1,540 3,420 

3 ....••........ 2,340 3,760 3,620 1,740 1,740 1,460 3,400 11,300 6,310 13,100 2,260 3,350 4 •••••••.••.... 2,390 3,650 3,850 1,680 1,560 1,650 3,460 11,400 4,810 11,500 2,240 3,450 

5 .••••••.•..•.. 1,610 3,510 3,870 1,540 1,700 1,630 3,910 12,000 4,480 8,840 2,140 3,970 

6 .••..•.•.••... 2,610 3,650 3,460 1,680 1,920 1,700 5,600 11,900 4,340 6,820 2,080 3,270 7 •.•..•.•....•. 2,790 3,740 1,900 1,820 1,880 3,050 4,470 12,000 7,100 4,680 2,110 3,120 

8 •••..••.••.•.. 2,660 3,400 3,420 1,780 1,280 1,180 3,950 11,300 5,670 4,260 2,410 3,370 

9 •••••..••.•.•• 2,960 1,800 2,030 2,460 1,670 1,860 3,440 10,400 5,940 4,930 1,810 3,480 10 •••.•••••.•... 3,130 3,560 1,490 2,090 1,410 1,720 3,460 9,750 6,000 6,230 2,230 3,580 

11 .••.••••.••... 4,500 3,480 1,830 1,650 1,430 1,700 3,320 7,390 6,950 5,610 3,040 3,250 12 .•.•.•..•••... 6,120 3,510 2,720 1,870 1,920 2,110 1,760 6,990 5,750 4,960 3,340 3,050 

13 ••..•....•..•. 6,420 3,520 3,210 1,670 1,450 2,160 3,250 6,930 5,540 4,140 3,340 1,790 14 ••••••••.•.•.. 7,440 3,660 1,810 1,510 1,500 2,040 3,580 6,370 5,120 5,020 3,590 3,840 

15 •••..••....•.• 7,120 3,730 2,660 1,790 1,390 1,500 3,630 6,210 3,900 5,280 3,430 4,350 

16 •••.•••.•..•.. 6,810 1,970 2,700 1,660 1,540 2,650 3,630 5,150 4,720 6,200 1,690 5,820 

17 •••••••.•..•.. 6,330 3,320 2,620 2,230 1,460• 2,750 3,560 5,300 4,470 4,530 3,210 5,680 

18 •.•..•.•••.••. 5,990 3,910 2,520 1,670 1,450 2,880 3,610 4,320 3,940 3,640 3,600 6,510 

19 •••.••.•.••••• 5,280 3,940 2,000 1,430 1,490 2,440 1,680 4,100 3,760 3,270 3,430 6,300 

20 •••.•.••.•.••. 5,070 3,710 2,120 1,880 1,300 2,200 4,680 4,160 3,570 3,980 3,510 4,800 

21. ••••..•...••. 4,030 3,640 1,430 1,510 1,930 2,770 7,030 3,680 4,450 4,190 3,440 5,660 

22 •••••••••••••• 4,090 3,660 2,000 1,660 1,070 1,520 6,900 3,980 4,780 3,930 2,780 5,210 

23 .•.•.•.•••..•• 4,400 2,020 1,560 2,420 1,550 2,680 7,400 5,840 4,2:ll 3,820 1,540 5,210 24 •••.•.•..••.•• 6,860 3,360 1,690 2,670 1,450 2,480 7,130 5,560 8,690 3,790 2,930 5,520 

25 ••..•••••.••.. 3,640 3,760 1,610 1,540 1,530 2,300 7,290 5,880 12,600 3,730 3,190 4,260 

26 •..•.••.••.••• 1,820 3,870 1,780 1,350 1,490 2,570 9,410 4,990 11,400 2,150 3,180 4,610 

27 .•.•.••.•.•••. 3,460 2,510 2,130 1,390 1,580 2,550 9,590 4,550 11,800 3,670 3, 2:lJ 3,750 28 ••.•.•..•..•.. 3,630 3,560 1,670 1,530 1,310 2,270 10,200 4,720 14,300 3,100 3,130 ·3,670 

29 •••••.•.••.••• 3,570 4,000 1,510 1,810 ............. 1,630 11,600 5,000 15,300 1,920 2,860 3,700 

30 •••••••••••••• 3,520 1,990 1,580 1, 710 ............ 3,170 11,600 8,140 15,200 2,190 1,440 3,280 

31..· •••••••••••• 3,550 ......... 1,680 2,070 ------- 3,320 ------- 7,920 ---···· 2,540 2,630 ······· 

Monthly discharge of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 

80, 191.4-. 

Dlacllazge In second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Mlnlmum. Mean. square 

mne. 

October ••.•................................... 7,440 1,610 4,150 0.700 

November ..................................... 4,000 1,800 3,320 .560 

December ••......................••..••....... 3,870 1,430 2,380 .401 

~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2,670 1,350 1,790 .302 

1,930 1,030 1,530 .258 

3,320 1,090 2,150 .363 

~_:_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11,600 1,680 5,310 .895 

12,300 3,680 7,470 1.26 

15,300 3,570 7,000 1.18 

t:i:_:_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 15,000 1,920 5,530 .993 

3,600 1,440 2,740 .462 

6,510 1,790 4,150 .700 

Theyear ••••••••••••••••.•.•••.•...•..•. 15.300 1,030 3,970 .669 

Run-o1f 

(depth In 

fncliesan 

drainage 

a.rea). 

0.81 

.62 

.46 

.35 

.27 .. .42 

1.00 

1.45 

1.32 

1.08 

.53 

.78 

9.09 

NOTE.--Computed by ellldneers of the United States GeologJcal Survey from reCOids of dally dl!lcbarp famished by tlie MlnneapoHs General Electric Co. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 109 

NAMAKAGON RIVER AT TREGO, WIS. 

Location.-At Chicago & North Western Railway bridge at Trego, Wis., about 20 

miles above confluence of Namakagon and Totogatic rivers. 

Records available.-March 11 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-481 square miles. 

Gage.-Enameled staff fastened to retaining wall, left bank of river, just above 

railroad bridge; read once daily, in the morning, to quarter-tenths. Limits of 

use: Hndredths below 1.0 foot, half-tenths between 1.0 and 2.5 feet, and tenths 

above 2.5 feet. 

Channel and controL-Heavy gravel; probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from lower chords of railroad bridge. 

Winter :B.ow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; estimates of flow based on discharge measurements made through ice. 

Regulation.-None; natural storage large; yearly fluctuation small. 

Accuracy.-Rating curve well defined; records excellent. 

Discharge measurements of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

' 

Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. Date. Made by- height. charge. 

Mar. 11 G. H. Canfield ........ . 23 ••••• do ................ . Apr. 10 ..... do ................ . 22 F. M. Rather ......... . 

Feet. 

(a) 

1.56 

1.64 

2.10 

Sec.-ft. b 264 

c 353 

383 

673 

a Gage not installed until Mar. 23. 

May 4 M. F. Rather ......... . June 10 ..... do ................ . Aug. 5 ..... do ................ . 

Feet. 

2.15 

1. 72 1.80 

b Measurement made under complete ice cover. c Measurement made from bridge 150 feet below gage; very little ice near gage . 

Sec.-ft. 

692 

476 

472 

.Daily gage height, in feet, of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 80 

1914. 

[R. A. Krenz, observer.) 

Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----------------1--------------------- 1.-------------------------------.----.---------.- ....... 1.65 2.25 1. 7 2.6 1. 75 1.8 2 ................................................. : ·····-· 1. 7 2.25 1.7 2.6 1. 75 1.85 

3----------------------------------------····----- ------- 1.65 2.15 1.7 2.6 1.7 2.0 4 ••••••••••••••.••••.••..•.•••.•••••••••.•.••.••.• : ....... 1.6 2.15 1.8 :!:4 1.8 2.0 5 ................................................. ······· 1.6 2.1 1.8 2.3 1.8 1.8 

6 .................................................. ........ 1.55 2.1 1. 75 2.3 1.75 1. 75 7 .................................................. ···---- 1.6 2.1 1.8 2.1 1. 75 1. 75 

8 ......... ------------------·--------------------- ....... 1.6 2.15 1. 75 2.0 1.75 1. 75 9 ................................................. ------- 1.55 2.2 1.8 1.6 1. 75 1. 75 10 ................................................. -----·· 1. 55 2.15 1. 75 1.6 1. 75 1.75 

11. ................................................. ------- 1.55 2.15 1. 75 1.3 1. 75 2.0 

12 .......... ·····-··········· .. ··········· ......... ····--- 1.6 2.1 1. 7 2.0 1.8 1.8 13 .. -................................ -..... -....... ------- 1.55 2.05 1.65 2.5 1.85 1.8 14 ..•.•...•..........•..•.....•......•.•........•.. ------- 1.6 2.0 1.7 2.5 1.8 1.9 15 ................................................. : . ---.- ~ 1. 65 2.0 1.65 2.4 1.8 1. 75 

16 ................................................. - ------· 1.65 1. 75 2.35 1.8 1. 75 17 ... -- ..... -......... -...................... -..... ------· 1.7 1.9 1. 7 2.35 1.8 2.0 18 .............................. -........•. --- ..... ....... 1. 7 1.9 1. 75 2.35 1. 8 2.0 19 ................................................. : ------- 2.0 1.9 1. 75 2.3 1. 8 2.0 20 ••.•.•..•.••...•...•...•..•....•....•.•........•. ....... 2.0 1.9 1. 75 2.3 1. 8 2.1 

21. .•...... -------------···········-·············· ------- 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.0 22 ................................................. 2. 1 2.15 1. 75 2.0 1.8 2.1 23 ........•....•..•...•..•....•.....•.•..........•. : 1.55 2.1 2.15 1. 7 1. 7 1. 8 2.1 

24 ...................... ················· .......... 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 1. 7 1. 9 2.0 25 .•............................................... : 1.55 2. 1 2.0 2.3 1. 75 1.9 2.0 

26 •.•••.••••..•••.•.............•••••••..•.•....... - 1.5 2.1 1.95 2.3' 2.0 1.8 1. 8 27 ••.•.•••.•••.•........•••......•....••..•.••..•.. 1.1 2.15 1.9 2.35 2.0 1. 85 1. 75 28 ....•............................................ 1.5 2.2 1.8 2.6 1. 75 1.8 1. 75 29 ••.•.•.•.....•....•......•..•...........•.•...... 1. 55 2.3 1. 95 2.6 1.7 1.8 1. 7 30 ................................ ········ ......... 1. 7 2.3 1.8 2.55 1.7 1. 75 1. 7 31. .•...................... -....................... 1.65 1.8 1.6 1.8 

NOTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Mar. 23-31. 
110 SURi!'ACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily di8charge, in s6C0'11Ji-feet, of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., jar the year e:nxling · Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. Apr. May. June. July. .Aug. Sept. 

------ ---------- 1. ......... 393 768 417 1,020 444 472 16 •••••••••• 393 a564 444 838 472 444 

2 •••••••.•• 417 768 417 1,020 444 502 17 •••••••••• 417 532 417 838 472 597 

3 •••••••••• 393 698 417 1,020 417 597 18 •••••••••• 417 532 444 838 472 597 4 •••••.•.•. 369 698 472 873 472 597 19 •••••••••• 597 532 444 803 472 597 

5 ••••••.... 369 664 472 803 472 472 20 •••••••••• 597 532 444 803 472 664 

6 ••••••..•• 350 664 444 803 444 444 21. ·····-·-· 664 597 417 803 472 597 

L:::::::: 369 664 472 664 444 444 22 •••••••••• 664 698 444 597 472 664 369 698 444 597 444 444 23 •••••••••• 664 698 417 417 472 664 

9 •••••••••• 350 733 472 369 444 444 24 •••••••••. 597 664 664 417 532 597 

10 •••••••••• 350 698 444 369 444 444 25 •••••••••• 664 597 803 444 532 597 

11 •••••••••• 350 698 444 298 444 597 26 •••••••••• 664 564 803 597 472 472 

12 •••••••••• 369 664 417 597 472 472 27 •••••••••• 698 532 838 597 502 444 

13 •••••••••• 350 630 393 944 502 472 28 ••••..•••. 733 472 1,020 444 472 444 

14 •••••••••• 369 597 417 944 472 532 29 ••••••.••. 803 502 1,020 417 472 417 

15 •••••••••• 393 597 393 873 472 444 30 •••••••••• 803 472 980 417 444 417 

31. ••••••••• ···-·· 472 ------ 369 472 ----·· 

a Interpolated. 

NOTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 332 and 733 second-feet (gage heights 1.5 and 2.2 feet). Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights observer's notes, discharge 

measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Mar. 11-20, 310 second-feet; iiild Mar. 21-31, 375 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis.,jar the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 481 square miles.] 

Discharge In second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Mln!mum. Mean. 

March 11-31. •••••••.•••.•. ----- __ ..••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

ff~t~HHHHLHHH~ September ... --......................... l:i 

664 ~~ 417 

344 

498 

619 

538 

672 

468 

520 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.715 

1.04 

1.29 

1.12 

1.40 

• 973 1.08 

YELLOW RIVER AT WEBSTER, WIS. 

Run-oft 

{ depth In .Accu-

~). racy. 

0.56 B. 

1.16 A. 

1.49 .A. 

1.25 B. 

1.61 .A. 

1.12 .A • 1.20 .A. 

Location.-At Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railroad bridge, 1 mile 

north of Webster, Wis.; about 2 miles above Yellow Lake, and 10 miles above 

mouth of river. 

Records availa.ble.-March 21 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea.-228 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff fastened to piles supporting timber bed and trestle, left bank 

of the river; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: 

Hundredths below ·s.o feet, half-tenths between 3.0 and 4.0 feet, and tenths 

above 4.0 feet. 

Channel and control.-Bed of river consists of gravel. Grass grows during openwater season. ' 

Discharge mea.surements.-Made from one-span highway bridge about 600 feet 

below railroad bridge; low-water measurements can be made by wading. 

Winter fiow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; discharge is estimated from 

measurements made through the ice. 

Regula.tion.-None. 

-Accura.cy.-Gage-height record reliable; discharge relation affected during summer 

by growth of grass in the river. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 111 

Discharge measurements of Yellow River at Webster, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 

80, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gal(e Dis· [ height. charge. Date. Made by- Gage Dis· 

height. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

~~g~ Apr.~ r.l.s~~t"::::::::::: 1.00 283 

1. 42 305 

Mar. 12 G. H. Canfield •.•..........•... 21 ..••• do................. 1.92 

Apr. 7 ....• do................. .68 184 Aug. 19 ..... do ................ . 1.20 c 157 

a Measurements made under complete ice cover. Gage not installed until Mar. 21. b Partly open at bridge, comJ>lete ice cover 100 feet below gage. c Measurement made by wading at a section about 100 feet below gage; large amount of grass growing in 

river. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Yellow River at Webster, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914. 

[Hans Wester, observer.] 

Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------1--------------

1. •.•..•.. ·-·-······-···--·-·-·····-·-·-····· -------- 0.85 1.24 0.55 2.32 1. 06 1.61 

2 .•.• ·•··-·-·-·····--··--··-·-····--·-······· -------- .80 1.15 .52 2. 31 1. 02 1. 76 

3 ...•••..• ----·-··---··-·-···-····-·-·····-·· -------- .82 1.14 .55 2.24 1. 00 1. 78 

4----·······-·-·-···················-·-·-···· -------- .so 1.20 .70 2.21 .98 1. 75 

5 •••••.•....•••.•..••••••••••••••••.•••.••... ------·- • 78 1.14 • 72 2.15 .94 1. 75 

6 •••••....•••••..•••••.•••.•••••••••••....... -------- • 72 1. 02 • 78 2.05 .95 1. 74 7 •••••.•...••••.••.•.•.•••••••••••..•••..•... -------- .68 .96 • 76 1. 94 .92 1. 71 

8 .••.......••••.••.•.•.••.••••••••••••••••... -------- .66 .92 • 76 1. 77 .91 1. 69 9 .•••.......••••.•.•..•••••••••••••.••••.•.•. -------- .64 .86 • 76 1.60 .96 1.66 

10 •. ····-··························-·········· -------- .62 .82 .72 1.45 1. 00 1. 72 

11 ••.•.••.•......••••.••••••.••••••••••....... -------- .64 .80 .70 1.32 1.00 1.68 

12 •• ·•··•·····•·····•·•••••••••••••••••·•····· -------- .62 . 78 .65 1.24 1.00 1. 65 

13 •••......••••••.•......•.••••.•••..•.•••.... -------- .62 • 75 .62 1.19 1.14 1.68 

14 •.•.....•.....•••.•.•........•.•••...•.•.... -------- .60 .70 • 72 1.12 1.09 1. 70 

15 ••.•.••.•...•.....•.•.•....••••••••.•....... ........ .60 .68 .82 1.09 1. 09 1. 70 

16. ······································-···· -------- .64 .65 • 78 1.12 1.12 1.68 

17 •.••......•...•......•••..•.••••...••.•.•.•. -------· .64 .62 • 75 1. 08 1.12 1.65 

18 ••.•..•.•.•.......•........••.••..•••••.•.•. -------- • 70 .58 • 74 1.05 1. 20 1.65 

19 ••. ·••··•··••·••·•··•··•·••••••••••·•····••· ........ 1. 08 .55 .82 1.06 1.20 1.64 

20 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ......... 1.04 .56 .88 1.08 1.28 1.62 

21.. ······-··································· 1.92 1. 05 • 70 .88 1.06 1.24 1.60 

22 •••••.•.•.•..••.•...•........••.•..••••••••. 1.92 1. 02 .78 .92 1.10 1.24 1.61 23 •••••••••••••••.••••..•••.•••••.•••••••••••• 1.92 .98 .75 .88 1.18 1.35 1.61 

24 ••••......••.••...•.•.••..••••....•••..•.... 1. 82 1. 05 • 72 1. 58 1. 20 1.39 1.62' 

25 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.20 1.16 .72 1. 72 1.20 1.45 1.60 

26 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1.25 1.12 .66 1.84 1.18 1.50 1.59 

27 •••...••.•.••••....••••••••.•.•••••.•....••. 1. 00 1.10 .62 2.28 1.19 1.49 1.55 

28 •••.•.•••.••.•.••..••.•••••••.•...•••.•..•.. .95 1.28 .62 2.38 1.16 I 1.52 1.52 

29 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .90 1.42 .68 2.28 1.10 1.50 1.49 

30 .••....••••.•.••.•..•.•••....•.••••.•.....•. .88 1.35 .62 2.18 1.05 1.58 1.41 

31. ••••.•....•••.....•..•.•.•......••.•....... .85 .56 1.08 1. 59 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Mar. 21-27. 
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

KETTLE RIVER NEAR SANDSTONE, MINN. 

Location.-At the quarries of the Barber Asphalt Co. at Banning, Minn., 3 miles 

above Sandstone; no tributaries within several miles. 

Records available.-October 18, 1908, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-825 square miles. 

Gage.-Staff gage in two sections fastened to vertical rock wall; read once daily to 

quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 0.0, half-tenths between 0.0 

and 3.5, and tenths above 3.5 feet. Gage datum subsequent to April 25, 1912, 

may differ not more than about 0.02 feet from datum used in previous years. 

Channel and controL-Bedrock; permanent. 

Winter fiow.-Thegageis 50 feet above decided rapids which freeze during extremely 

cold weather and cause backwater. The published discharge for period when 

rapids were frozen has been based on gage heights, climatic data, and a com· 

parison of records of flow of the Rum and the Snake. 

Regulation.-Nearest dam, which is at Sandstone, 3 miles below, does not affect 

flow at station. 

Cooperation.-Station maintained in cooperation with Kettle River Co. 

Discharge measurements of Kettle River ?UJar Sandstone, Minn., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge: Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. 

May 5 s. B. Soule •••.......... June 25 ..•.• do .••••••.......... 

Feet. 

4.8 

3.62 

8ec.·ft. 

2,820 

1,390 

June 29 J. B. Stewart ••••.•.... 30 ••••• do •••••...•..••.... 

NoTE.-Measurements made from bridge about 'one-half mile above gage. 

Feet. 6.4 

6.2 

Sec. .ft. 

6,200 

4,840 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kettle River ?UJar Sandstone, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

[F. L. Betts, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-------------------- 1.----.... -.--. 1.9 2.3 2.3 ·-r:i·· 1.4 2.0 4.5 4.4 6.1 1.6 2.3 

2 .............. 1.9 2.3 2.3 1.4 1.4 2.05 4.5 4.0 6.0 1.6 2.3 

3 .............. 1.9 2.25 2.25 1.2 ··i::i·· 2.1 4.5 3.6 6.8 1.5 2.3 

4 .............. 1.9 2.25 2.25 1.4 2.2 4.5 3.3 5.3 1.5 2.3 

5 .............. 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.3 ........ ......... 2.3 4.8 3.7 4.8 1.5 2.3 

6 .............. 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.35 1.2 2.2 4.6 4.1 4.3 1.5 2.2 

7 .............. 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.35 1.35 1.2 2.15 4.5 4.1 3.9 1.4 ....... 8 .............. 2.2 2.25 2.1 ··i:25· 2.1 4.3 4.3 3.3 1.4 

9 ···:i:o· .............. 3.0 2.3 !!,0 1.4 1.35 2.1 4.2 4.4 3.1 1.4 10 .............. 3.0 2.3 2.0 2.4 ....... ......... 2.0 4.0 4.5 2.85 2.5 1.9 

11 ..... ··-······ 3.0 2.25 1.9 2.6 1-4 1.25 2.0 3.8 4.3 2.8 2.7 1.8 

12 .............. 3.0 2.25 1.9 2.6 ·-ra·· 2.05 3.6 4.0 2.65 2.6 1.8 

13 .............. 3.0 2.2 1.8 2.5 1.4 2.1 3.5 3.8 2.55 2.4 1.8 

14 ...... . :. -- .. - - 3.0 2.2 1.8 2.4 1.4 1.3 2.3 3.35 3.45 2.55 2.3 2.2 

15 .............. 3.0 2.15 1.8 1.6 ....... ........ 2.45 3.2 3.5 2.5 2.2 2.6 

16 .............. 3.0 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.55 3.1 3.5 2.5 2.0 2.7 

17 ........•..... 2.9 2.1 1.8 1.5 "Ta5· ""2:3 .. 2.75 2.9 3.2 2.4 2.1 2.8 

18 .............. 2.9 2.-1 1.8 1.3 2.8 2.6 3.2 2.3 2.4 3.0 

19 .............. 2.8 2.0 1.8 1.3 ....... 3.0 2.55 3.2 2.2 2.4 3.0 

20 ••..•..••....• 2. 7 2.0 1.8 ······- 1.4 2.1 3.2 2.6 3.3 2.1 2.3 3.0 

21. ... --- -· ----- 2.6 2.0 ------- 2.7 1.4 2.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 2.0 2.2 2.9 

22 .............. 2.5 2.1 1.6 3.3 3.1 3.6 3.8 2.0 2.1 2.9 23 •...•...•••.•. 2.5 2.3 ·-rs·· 3.3 1.3 1.6 3.15 3.5 3.6 2.0 1.9 2.8 

24 .............• 2.4 2.3 2.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 2.0 1.8 2.6 

25 .............. 2.4 2.3 ....... ------- 1.3 1.6 3.3 3.45 3.7 1.9 1.7 2.4 

26 .............. 2.4 2.25 1.3 1.8 ··i:25· 3.4' 3.35 3.6 1.9 1.9 2.2 

27 ............•• 2.4 2.25 1.3 1.65 3.4 4.0 3.6 1.9 1.9 2.2 

28 .••••••.•.•••• 2.4 2.3 ·-r2·· 1.5 1.25 1.65 3.6 4.0 6.4 1.9 2.0 2.2 

29 •••••.•.••.••• 2.3 2.3 ·-ra·· ······· ::i:7 .. 4.4 4.8 6.7 1.8 2.0 2.15 

J!O. ·- ••••••••••• 2.3 2.3 ·-r2·· 4.5 4.7 6.2 1.8 2.2 2 .• 15 

31. •....•...•..• 2.3 ......... 1.8 ....... 1. 75 . ...... 4.7 . ....... 1. 7 2.2 .. ........ 

NoTE.-Discharge relation alfected by ice about Jan. 1 to Mar. 8. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER n:$,AINAGE BASIN. 113 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn. ,for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914.1 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.1 Feb. Mar. t May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

1. ...•......... 288 465 465 I 

2,200 4,660 186 465 ····-r ......... ........... 330 2,090 2 •••••••••••••• 288 465 465 ......... 352 2,200 1, 700 4,480 186 465 3 •••••••••••••• 288 442 442 375 2.200 1.340 4,120 160 465 4 •••••••••.•... 288 442 442 ------- ......... .......... 420 2,200 1,090 3,300 160 465 5 •••••••. _ •••••• 288 420 420 ........ ........ ........ 465 2,580 1,430 2,580 160 465 

6 •••••.•••••••. 288 420 420 ...... I. ------- ------- 420 2,320 1,800 1.990 160 420 7 •••••••••••••• 288 420 375 ······I· 398 2,200 1,800 1.610 136 390 8 ••••••••••••.. 420 442 375 ......... ------- ···-·-· I 375 l, 990 1,990 1,090 136 360 9 •••••••••••••• 865 465 330 ······· ........ 101 i 375 1,890 2,090 935 136 330 10 •••••••••••••• 865 465 330 ······!· ......... 101 330 1, 700 2,200 768 565 288 

11 ...•......•.•. 442 288 I 865 675 ·------ ------- 101 ' 330 1,520 l, 990 735 250 12 •••••••••.•... 865 442 288 ........ ······- . 106 '352 1,340 l, 700 648 620 250 13 •••••••.••••.. 865 420 250 ··--··· -----·· 112 ! ~~ 1,260 1,520 592 515 250 14 •.•••.•••••••• 865 420 25! ..... T ........ 112 1,130 1,210 592 465 420 15 •••••••••.•••. 865 398 25 ······· 124 540 1,010 1,260 565 420 620 

16 •••.••••.••.•. 865 375 25 ------- ........ 136 592 935 1,260 565 330 675 17 .••••••••••••• 800 375 250 ........ .......... 300 705 800 1,010 515 375 735 18 .•••.••••••... 800 375 

~ ······r ......... 465 735 620 1,010 465 515 865 19 .•••.••..••... 735 330 ------ 420 865 592 1,010 420 515 865 20 •••.•••.•.•••. 675 330 375 1,010 620 1,090 375 465 865 

21. ••••....••..• 620 330 218 ------- ··-···- 330 1f010 1,340 1,700 330 420 800 22 ........•..... 565 375 186 ······· ···-··· 258 '935 1,340 1,520 330 375 800 23 .............. 565" 465 17~ ······r ........ 186 972 1,260 1,340 330 288 735 24 •••.••••••.•.. 515 465 16 ······ 186 1,010 1,170 1,340 330 250 620 25 •••••••••••••• 515 465 13 ......... ........ 186 1f090 1,210 1,430 288 216 515 

26 •••.•..•..•... 112 I 

515 442 288 288 420 ::::::1 ......... 194 1;170 1.130 1,340 27 ..•........... 515 442 11~ 201 1,170 1, 700 1,340 288 288 420 28 •••.••.•..•... 515 465 10 ---··· 201 1,340 1, 700 5,200 288 330 420 29 ••••.••.•.•... 465 465 9 ........ ........ 208 2)090 2.580 5. 770 250 330 398 30 •••.•.•.••.... 465 465 90 -----·- ------- 216 2 200 2,440 4,840 250 420 398 31. ••.••••.•••• - 465 ........ 90 233 -. ~ .... . ...... 216 420 ........ ·-····i ······· 2,440 

NoTE.-Daily discharge, except as toted b11ow, com~ted frqm a rating curve well defined between 90 and 5,960 second-feet (gage heights, 1.2 ond 6.8 feet). Discharge ¢stimated, because of ice, from gage heights, cllm.atic records, and discharge ot Rum and Snake rivers, as follows: Jan. 1-31, 90 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 75 second-feet; Mar. 1-8, 90 second-fet Fori days when gage was not read, discharge was interpolated. 

Monthly rjischarge of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914. 

frtainage fea, 825 square mHes.] 

Discharge ir( second-feet. 

Month, ! 

Maximum. Minimuni. Mean. 

I 

October ••....•.•.•.••...•............ 1

• • • I 865 288 583 November.............................. 465 330 424 December............................... 465 90 

~ : : : :: :: 

1

1 :jl ii : : ,]~ 

262 

90 

75 

180 

760 

1,600 

1,880 

1,100 

339 

Per 

square 

mHe. 

0.707 

.514 

.318 

.109 

.091 

.218 

.921 

1.94 

2.28 

1.33 

.411 

Run-off 

( degtb in Accu-

~a~~~ racy. 

area). 

0.82 B. • 57 A . • 37 B . • 13 D . • 09 D . • 25 c . 1.03 B. 2.24 B. 2.54 A. 1. 53 A. 

August.................................. 675 ~~~ • 47 A . 

September.............................. 865 ~----I----l-----l 

The year.......................... 15,770 ....... -.--. 

514 • 623 • 70 A . 

653 • 792 10.74 

97825° -WSP 385-15--8 
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

SNAKE RIVER NEAR PINE CITY, MINN. 

Location.-At the Changwatana power station, of the Eastern Minnesota Power Co., 

2 miles below Pine City. 

Records ava.ilable.-June 26, 1913, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-915 square miles. 

Gage.-Staff gage attached to stone retaining wall in front of power plant; read about 

eight times daily to hundredths. Also staff gages in the fore bay and tailrace 

read every few hours to determine the head on the wheels in the power plant. 

Channel and control.-Practically permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-At low and medium stages made by wading at various 

points near by; at high stages from bridge about 1,800 feet above gage. 

Determination of :flow.-Made by adding to the flow through the turbine the flow 

over the crest of the dam as determined from readings of the staff gage. The 

flow through the turbines is computed from hourly record of gate openings and 

head. 

Winter :flow.-During the winter the volume of flow is so small that all the water 

goes through the wheAls and is estimated from gate openings and head. 

Regulation.-Power plant at station is operated with a varying light and power load, 

causing some fluctuation in discharge at low stages. No appreciable regulation 

above plant. 

Accuracy.-Conditions favorable for estimating the waste by means of the river gage, 

but estimates of flow through the wheels are probably not so good. However, in 

view of the fact that they are based upon 24 readings of the gate opening daily, 

the records should be fair to good, the accuracy increasing with the stage. 

Cooperation.-The station is maintained in cooperation with the Eastern Minnesota 

Power Co. 

Daily discharge, in secondjeet, of Snake River near Pine City, Minn.,jor the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------- 1. ............. 229 364 428 77 55 62 578 1,660 709 4,100 193 399 

2 .............. 221 320 419 112 83 73 637 1,700 683 4,140 148 390 

3 .............. 191 403 420 117 89 82 664 1, 710 653 4,040 205 379 

4 .............. 187 365 432 62 83 85 675 1, 770 5'i'O 3,840 156 340 

5 .............. 137 347 404 77 73 101 703 1,820 522 3,480 186 329 

6 .............. 204 339 405 68 66 101" 815 1,980 529 3,060 192 281 7 .............. 224 384 296 92 54 103 782 2,070 524 2,520 174 274 

8 .............. 184 402 224 115 52 69 748 2,180 593 2,030 173 292 

9 .............. 255 344 276 121 42 103 696 2,170 632 1,680 132 276 

10 .............. 433 376 288 115 45 103 635 2,020 593 1,380 206 I 264 

11 .............. 532 379 279 59 33 101 597 1,470 581 1,150 189 275 

12 .............. 540 382 273 98 41 102 487 1,680 570 964 202 221 

13 .............. 722 396 261 112 41 100 495 1,480 541 839 260 204 

14 .............. 846 376 162 109 42 105 478 1,300 468 734 263 333 

15 .............. 937 347 238 119 41 72 472 1,150 500 '592 215 456 

16 .............. 932 316 230 115 43 132 446 1,~ 492 539 200 609 

17 .............. 916 312 214 111 35 193 456 427 475 226 945 

18 .............. 858 290 207 66 44 235 532 797 417 406 270 1,030 19 .............. 721 283 208 102 46 265 515 731 406 363 274 1,260 

20 .............. 703 256 215 102 47 338 633 625 381 370 237 1,200 

21. ............. 648 283 77 110 52 356 742 593 311 320 244 1,190 22 .............. 569 285 178 115 49 409 788 557 333 291 264 1,110 

23 .............. 512 255 201 115 50 393 824 617 446 308 231 937 

24 .............. 460 336 201 111 58 352 825 585 804 287 253 858 

25 .............. 421 358 71 83 60 350 896 647 924 261 238 775 

26 .............. 361 367 122 94 68 332 881 637 1,300 185 260 667 

27 .............. 391 387 142 110 67 350 926 569 1,970 241 267 563 

28 ... · ........... 398 401 66 106 69 402 982 519 2,630 235 289 556 

29 .............. 396 410 114 85 ......... 357 1,130 655 3,220 203 289 512 

30 .............. 407 349 123 69 ....... 503 1,340 614 3,780 2fl1 257 452 

31. ............. 393 ....... 123 86 . ...... 563 ........ 628 . ...... 187 339 ......... 
I 

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER ~RAIN AGE BASIN. 115 I 

Monthly disCharge of Snake River neat .Pine City, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 915 squarf miles. 

Month. 

I Discharge in second-feet. R un-ofi 

I-+----,---__,.---:---P-er-1 ~~E!~!: 

Maximum. Minimum. 

I 

Mean. square drainage mile. area). 

October................................. ! 937 

November.............................. 410 

December.. . . . . . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. 432 

~':~.fry.·_:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1~~ March.................................. 563 

~~~::·. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:r~ 

~~;.-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ! u~ August................................. 339 

September.............................. 1,260 

137 

255 

66 

59 

33 

62 

446 

519 

311 

185 

132 

204 

482 

347 

235 

97.8 

54.6 

222 

713 

1,190 

884 

1,270 

227 

579 

Theyear ......................... . 

1------1------1-----

4,140 33 528 

APPLE RIVER NEAR SOMERSET, WIS. 

0.527 0.61 

.379 . 42 

.257 . 30 

.107 . 12 

.060 . 06 

.243 . 28 

.779 . 87 

1.30 1.50 

.966 1. 08 

1.39 1. 60 

.248 . 29 

.633 • 71 

.577 7.84 

Accuracy. 

B. 

B . 

B . 

B . 

B . 

B . 

B . 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B . 

B . 

Location.-At the power plant of the St. Croix Power Co., 3t miles below Somerset, 

Wis., and 2 miles above the mouth of the river. 

Records available.-January, 1901, to June 30,1914, estimate of monthly discharge; 

July 12 to September 30, 1914, daily discharge. 

Drainage area.-550 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff; not used in determination of flow. 

Discharge.-The discharge of the turbines in second-feet corresponding to the number 

of kilowatts is determined for each hour during the day from a record ofthe number 

of wheels in operation and the load; the sum of the discharges divided by 24 gives 

the average discharge through the turbines. To this quantity is added the leakage 

through the average number of wheels idle each day, the sum giving the daily 

flow 'through the power house. Water is seldom wasted over the spillway of the 

dam, but when it is so wasted the quantity is computed from weir formulas and 

added to the flow through the plant. There is a constant leakage through .ihe 

gate and flash boards amounting to about 3 second-feet. This quantity has not 

been taken into consideration in computing the published records. 

Regulation.-There are a number of power plants on Apple River above sta..tion. 

The pondage at these plants is small, and though the daily flow may be controlled 

to some extent, the mean monthly flow probably corresponds closely to the natural 

flow. 

Accuracy.-From 1901 to 1909 the discharge through the plant was determined from 

tables computed from data collected at tests on one of the turbines made at the 

flume of the Holyoke Water Power Co., Holyoke, Mass. During the summer of 

1909 engineers of the St. Croix Power Co. made tests on the water flowing through 

all the wheels as actually installed, by means of a sharp-crested weir 710 inches 

long located about 60 feet below the power house. These tests gave results about 

3 per cent larger than the Holyoke tests, and tables based on them have been used 

in determining the discharge through the plant from 1909 to date. During June, 

1914, a series of current-meter measurements were made by the Wisconsin Railroad Commission and the United States Geological Survey and a rating curve for 

the tailrace was developed. Twelve tests were then run with different wheels 

and loads. It was found that the discharge as determined by the current meter 

and the discharge as computed by the company agreed very closely, the percentage 

diffe!'ence for the twelve tests ranging from -6.4 per cent to +1.8 per cent, with 

an average of -2 per cent, the discharge as determined by the company being 2 

per cent less than that determined by the current meter. 

Cooperation.-Records furnished by the St. Paul Gas Light Co., of St. Paul, 

Fred A. Otto, superintendent. 
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in s6CQ'Tid-jeet, of Apple River near Somerset,- Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. 

------ L."" ---"-""" . .-... ........ 252 242 16.- .. "---"-"""""" 316 120 433 

2.-"----------"" .. -.. - -······· 130 319 17.-" -·--------"""--" 289 250 337 3_, ______________________ ··-····· 264 271 18 ________________________ 325 190 411 

4.-"" .. ---"-"" "-.. - -·---··· 197 274 19 ........................ 258 216 430 5 ........ .- .............. -------- 256 244 20 .. "".-----"".-.. -... 334 176 372 

6.-" " .. " ........ 208 306 21."---""" ... -~ .. " .. 276 234 279 7 "" .. ,_ .•. : :::::::::::: ···-···· 265 257 22 ..••..•..••........•.••• 265 185 285 8 .•..................•... ·······- 196 281 23.-.---" .. -"" ......... 224- 249 279 

9 ....... -""-.. ---- .... - -------- 273 239 24 .•.•....•........•...... 245 304 372 10 •....•............•..... ·······- 252 311 25 ..... "---"-" .. -- ..... 257 267 337 

11 .... ,_--" ......... -.. " "" 373. 285 294 26 .... "---.-"-" " ..... - 289 198 335 

12.- ":-"-". " ........ -- 197 273 27 ..... "---.. -.. " .. -.... 245 245 252 13 .... .-.-.-............ ,_ 319 277 299 28 .... -. "' ....... " ..... - 274 177 :Z86 

14 ..... -•• "-........... " 348 195 309 29.- ...... -...... -......•. 212 221 262 15 .......... "." .... " ... 270 254 283 30.-" .... " ..... -.... " .. 276 219 298 31..-....... "' ... "" .. " 204 250 

Monthly discharge of Apple River near Somerset, Wis., for the years ending Sept. 30, 

1901-1914. 

(Drainage area, 550 square mfies.) 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

1901. 340 

330 

448 ~~~:Jy::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

March ..•••........... -- __ ........ __ ._._ .... _. _ ... -- ........ -- .. 837 

510 

380 ~~~:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::: :~: :: :::::::::::: 

June ... ---- ... -------- ........ -- .... ---- ---- _ ............. ---- .. Juty .................................... ---·--······ ···········- 400 

250 

270 

Per 

square 

riille. 

0.618 

.600 

.815 

1.52 

.927 

.691 

• 727 

.455 

.491 

Run-ot! 

(depth in 

inches on drainage area). 

0.71 

.62 

.94 

1.70 

1.07 

.77 

.84 

.52 

.55 

Accuracy. 

t~~l>ei-: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

1901-2. i===l===4====1 

October ........................ -- .............. -- ........ -- ... .. 330 November ................. ___ --._ .......... ----- .............. . 330 December .................. -- .. -- ...... -- .. -- """ ·--· ..... .-. 230 

233 

307 

360 ~~~:·.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: March .•... -----"-- ... --. ____ ---------- -- .. -- .. _ .. _ .. ·--·" .... 430 

480 

360 ~~~:·.: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

June. ".----..... -- ... "----.--.---- ~ _" _---- ... --" .... ----... . 480 

340 

233 

July ... -""""""" .. """""""" """""" ..... " .... . August ..... ··-------------------------- ------------ ..... .- ----· September------------ .. ----.--.--_ .... ------------ ... .- ...... . 

The year ..... ----·---- ...... ---- ...... " .. ---- --" .... -- .. 343 

1902--3. 

October ................................. -·--·-·----·----···----- 307 

November ..... .-.. :.-..... ·------""" "------"-- ". ·-- ------ 360 

December ........ ---------------------- .. ---- ------ ---------- .. 276 

259 

240 

599 

January ........ ------------------------ .... -------- -- ... ----.. . February ....•.......... -·-·--····---··· ....................... . March .•..•.. ,_ ......................... ·----······-·----·--·--· 554 

860 

468 ~~~:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::'::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

June •• "--.• --.--- .. -.- •. ------- .. -......... ---- ........ ------ .. 482 

366 =~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 674 

Theyear ...................................... ... : ...... .. 454 

.600 

.600 

.418 

.424 

.558 

.655 

.782 

.873 

.655 

.873 

.618 

.424 

.624 

.558 

.654 

.502 

.471 

.436 

1.09 

1.01 

1.56 

.851 

.876 

.665 

1.23 

.825 

.69 

.67 

.48 

.49 

.58 

.76 

.87 

1.01 

.73 

1.01 

.71 

.47 

8.47' 

.64 

.73 

.58 

.54 

.45 

1.26 

1.13 

1.80 

.96 

1.01 

.77 

1.37 

U.23 

~===='•====~===='b===~====' 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 117 

Mont:hly discharge of Appl~t River near Somerset, Wis., for the years ending Sept. 30, 

1901-1914-Continued. 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off 

Month. 

1----.,-------,-------,.---1 (depth in 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

1903-4. October ........................................................ . November ..................................................... . December ..................................................... . January .•...................................................... 

~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::·:::::: :::::::::::: ~~~:::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

June ...... ~ .................................................... . July ........................................................... . August ........................................................ . September ..................................................... . 

Theyear ................................................. . 

1904--5. October ........................................................ . November ..................................................... . December ..................................................... . January .......... _ .................... : 387 227 

~~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ ~~ 

~~~----: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: g~~ ~~ 

~~;.-.-.-.-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2'Wa m 

August. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 302 September. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884 358 

623 

360 

317 

392 

314 

406 

729 

633 

593 

450 

316 

508 

470 

550 

459 

321 

328 

319 

406 

443 

420 1,030 

532 

424 

545 

Per 

square 

mile. 

1.13 

.655 

.576 

0 713 

.571 

0 738 1.33 

1.15 

1.08 

.818 

.575 

.924 

.855 

1.00 

.835 

.584 

.596 

.580 

0 738 

.805 

0 764 1.87 

.967 

0 771 

.991 

inches on drainage 

area). 

1..30 

0 73 

.66 

.82 

.62 

.85 

1. 48 1.33 

1.20 

.94 

.66 

1.03 

11.62 

1.15 

.93 

.67 

.69 

.60 

.85 

.90 

.88 

2.09 

1.12 

.89 

1.11 

Theyear ................................................. . 

1-----------1------: 481 .875 11.88 

1905-6. 1=====1======1====== 

October ................................ . November ............................. . December ............................. . January ............................... . February .............................. . March ................................. . 

~~~:·.·.·.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: June ................................... . July ................................... . August ................................ . September ............................. . 

590 

597 

507 

406 

437 

479 

1,300 

2,250 

1,360 

667 

1,170 

692 

361 

272 

185 

242 

150 

231 

486 

458 

480 

359 

275 

253 

490 

425 

392 

348 

327 

367 

881 

1,000 

732 

452 

506 

501 

.891 1.03 0 773 .86 .713 .82 .633 0 73 .595 .62 .667 0 77 1.60 1. 78 1. 82 2.10 1.33 1. 48 .822 .95 

.920 1.06 .911 1. 02 1------1-----·-

The year ......................... ·1===2~,25=0ol===1=5=0 ====1====1,==== 

1906-7. 

535 .973 13.22 

October. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 246 November .. ,........................... 750 306 December. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592 276 January. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 261 February. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 269 

~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~~g r~ June.................................... 631 230 July.................................... 1,430 217 August................................. 404 240 September.............................. 1,120 178 1--~---1------1-----

The year .. ~~~~~-- ................. I===1~,6=40=Io===1=7=8ol==== 

463 .842 .97 536 .975 1.09 436 0 793 .91 354 .644 0 74 350 .636 .66 706 1.28 1. 48 657 1.19 1.33 418 0 760 .88 382 .695 0 78 520 .945 1.09 322 .585 .67 416 0 756 .84 

463 .842 11.44 

October................................. 468 178 November.............................. 399 199 

December. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 147 January................................ 302 214 

~~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ ~~~ 

~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: l,rsg ~~~ June.................................... 1,050 564 July. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835 252 

te~~biJi-::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~ ~~~ 

343 .624 0 72 312 .567 .63 272 .495 .57 262 .476 .55 277 .504 .54 373 .678 0 78 478 .869 .97 688 1.25 1.44 784 1.43 1.60 435 0 791 .91 255 .464 .53 226 .411 .46 1----11----1---

The year.......................... 1, 380 138 

1=~=1====1=== 

392 . 713 9. 70 

Accu 

racy. 
118 SURFAOE WATER SUPPLY, 1914:, P~T V. 

Monthly discharge of Apple River near Somerset, Wis., for the years ending Sept. SO, 

1901-191~ontinued. 

Discharge In second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

1908-9. 

g~~lief:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 428 210 291 .529 .61 

367 241 261 .475 .53 

December •.......••...........••........ 316 166 257 .467 .54 

t~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 300 187 251 .456 .53 

283 198 252 .458 .48 431 248 301 .547 .63 

~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 803 254 503 .915 1.02 841 353 530 .964 1.11 

1,060 272 469 .853 .95 

~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 281 176 246 .447 .52 449 229 285 .518 .60 483 232 313 .569 .63 

Theyear ..••••.................... 1,060 166 330 .600 8.15 

1909-10. October ................................. 427 241 317 .576 .66 November ...•..••.........••.•......... 695 331 448 .815 .91 December •................•.•..........• 603 219 381 .693 .80 

&l?.-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 352 260 313 .569 .66 

398 207 285 .518 .54 549 270 409 .744 .86 

~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 398 181 279 .507 .57 

364 38 233 .424 .49 

257 131 202 .367 .41 

July •••••....................•....•...... 219 56 150 .273 .31 

t=:'ber:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 211 60 151 .275 .32 266 71 166 .302 .34 

The year •.•.•.••••••.•............ 603 38 278 .505 6.87 

191o-U. October ..•....•.••...•..•......•........ 294 141 211 .384 .44 

November ••.....•....•.•.......•.•..... 306 112 197 .358 .40 

December .................•............. 258 136 187 .340 .39 

~~-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 250 150 201 .365 .42 

285 195 224 .407 .42 

300 120 245 .445 .51 

~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 540 210 285 .518 .58 320 180 240 .436 .50 290 140 224 .407 .45 

July ..................................... 220 120 165 .300 .35 

t:'b&:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 205 140 178 .324 .37 290 160 226 .411 .46 

The year .......................... 540 112 215 .391 5.29 

1911-12. October ................................. 800 240 472 .858 .99 

November .............................. 350 190 260 .473 .53 

December ............................... 310 190 327 .695 .69 

t~?.-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 255 145 215 .391 .45 

250 175 208 .378 .41 

485 135 240 .436 .50 

~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 640 275 450 .818 .91 

930 340 615 1.12 1.29 

530 240 335 .609 .68 

i%s"t:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 355 50 238 .433 .50 

415 liO 248 .451 .52 

September .............................. 440 170 300 .545 .61 

'l'heyear .......................... 930 50 326 .593 8 •. «11 

1912-13. October ................................. 320 170 266 .484 .&e., 

November .............................. 300 100 230 .418 .47 

December ............................... 280 100 230 .418 .48 

=~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 280 90 208 .378 .44 

250 160 202 .367 .38 

830 160 M4 .625 .72 

r!l:.-::::::::::::: ;: :::::::::::::::::::: 910 320 590 1-.07 1.19 

610 280 382, .695 .80 

450 160 264 .480 .54 

=~::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::: 350 '60 237 .431 .liO 

420 60 245 .445 .51 

~ 130 233 -.424 .47 

The year ..... ·., ................... 910 liO 286 .520 7.011 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 119 

Monthly discharge of Apple River near Somerset, Wis., for the years ending Sept. 80, 

1901-1914---Continued. · 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-oft 

Month. Per me 

~deEth in Accu- eson Maximum. Minimum. racy. Mean. square dralnsge mile. area). 

1913-14. October ................................ . 315 140 247 .449 .52 November ............................. . 290 195 242 .440 .49 December .............................. . 370 170 232 .422 .49 

t~-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 300 150 216 .393 .45 260 150 200 .364 .38 310 150 240 .436 .50 

E:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 540 200 314 .571 .64 520 180 314 .571 .66 870 200 376 .684 .76 

i%8;;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

September •••........................... 

708 204 328 .596 .69 

304 120 226 .411 • 47 A • 433 242 306 .556 . 62 A • 

Theyear ......................... . 870 120 270 .491 6.67' 

N OTE.-Records furnished by the St. Paul Gas Light Co. Maximum and minimum discharge from January, 1901, to December, 1904, not availsble. Records from Jan. k 1911, to July 31, 1914, obtained from 

monthly hy~phs furnlshed by the St. Paul Gas Light Co. .lliStimates for August and September 

1914, were obtained from daily records taken at the power house. See "Discharge" and "Accuracy' I 

in station description. 

CANNON RIVER AT WELCH, MINN. 

Location.-At highway bridge at Welch just below a very small tributary and 3 miles 

above the mouth of Belle Creek. 

Records ava.ilable.-June 7, 1909, to January 14, 1914, when station was discon- ~~ . Drainage area.-1,290 square miles. 

Gage.-Chai.n gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to quartertenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 5.5, half-tenths between 5.5 and 7.0, 

and tenths above 7.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-Practically permanent. . 

Winter :fiow.-Discharge relations affected by ice during winter months. 

Regulation.-Flow regulated more or less by each of the 11 power plants above and 

also by a dam at the outlet of Cannon Lake. 

lltta.xhnum :fiow.-In April, 1888, the high water reached the eaves of the wheel 

house at the mill, 20.1 feet above the datum of the present gage. It is said that 

this high water was not caused by ice gorging. 

Accuracy.-:-The angle made by the current at the station necessitates a correction, 

and owing to the daily fluctuation during low stages caused by artificial regulation 

records are only fair. 

No discharge measurements were made during the year. 
120 SURFAdE WATl!llt SUPPLY, 19U, PAR~ V. 

Daily fl6fl' height, in feet, of Cannon River at Welch, Minn.,for- the peri(ld Oct; 1, 1918, 

• · to Jan. 14, 1914. 

' [Esther Norell, observer.~ 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 

------- 1 •••••.......••• 5.55 5.55 4.98 5.05 16 .•.•.......•.•. 5.20 5.13 5.04 2 •••••.......••• 5.42 5.24 5.08 5.09 17 .•.•....•.••••. 5.27 4.95 4.84 3 •••••........•• 5.22- 5.09 5.27 5.79 18 .•••.•....••••. 5.25 5.13 4.83 4 ............... 5.39 4.95 5.31 4.76 19 ............... 5.18 5.14 5.32 5 ............... 5.33 5.01 5.38 5.01 20-.... --------.-- 5:14 5.18 5.46 

6 ............... 5.17 5.27 5.31 4.91 21. .............. 5.17 5.19 5.55 7 ............... 5.33 5.21 5.33 5.23 22 ............... 5.31 5.13 5.22 8 ............... 5.36 5.15 4.98 5.28 23 ............... 5.17 5.19 5.07 9 ............... 5.32 5.25 5.24 5.35 24 ............... 5.20 4.94 5.28 10 ............... 5.35 4.95 5.18 5.24 25 ............... 5.16 5.14 4.81 

11 ............... 5.39 4.95 5.10 5.24 26 ............... 5.16 5.22 4.73 12 ............... 5.21 5.23 5.17 5.01 27 ............... 5.06 5.08 5.03 13 ............... 5.18 5.13 5.16 5.39 28 ............... 5.10 4.93 5.00 14 ............... 5.27 5.02 5.07 5.40 29 ............... 5.15 4.97 5.03 15 ............... 5.17 5.10 4.96 30 ............... 5.15 4.98 4.96 31 ............... 5.10 5.16 

NoTE.-Discharge relation probably aftected by ice Jan. 3, 13, and 14. 

Daily di8charge, in seeond-feet, of Cannon River at Welch, Minn. ,for the period Oct. 1, 

1919, to Jan. 14, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 

------- 1. .............. 195 195 70 72 16 ............... 110 96 80 2: .............. 161 119 87 88 17 ............... 125 66 51 3 ............... 114 88 125 1160 18 ............... 121 96 50 4 ............... 154 66 134 42 19 ............... 106 98 137 5 ............... 139 75 151 75 20 ............... 98 106 172 

6 ..... ---------- 104 125 134 60 21. .............. 104 108 195 7 ............... 139 112 139 117 22 ............... 134 96 114 8 ............... 146 100 70 128 23 ............... 104 108 85 9 ............... 137 121 119 144 24 ............... 110 64 128 10 ........ _ ..... 144 66 106 119 25 ............... 102 98 47 

11 .... ~------··'- 154 66 90 119 26 ............... 102 114 40 12 ............... 112 117 104 75 27 ............... 83 87 78 ......... 13 ............... 106 96 102 1175 28 ............... 90 62 73 14 ............... 125 76 85 1175 29 ............... 100 68 78 15 ............... 104 90 67 30 ............... 100 70 67 31. .............. 90 102 

a Estimated. 

NOTE.-Dally discharge-computed from a fairly well defined mting curve. description. 

See ".Acc111'8CY" bl station 

Monthly di8charge· of Cannon River at Welch, Minn., for the period Oct. 1, 1918, to Jan. 

14, 19f4. - . . . . . ·-

Discharge bl second-feet. 

Month. 1-----,---~---I.Acc~ mcy. Maximum. Mbllmum. Mean. 

-------------------1------l------1-----r--

October ............ _ ...•.• ···-•• ··---··-····-···-············ .. • November .••••.•.•.•...••.•...•.......•.........•...........•. December ....................................................•. January 1-14._ .....•.•............•...•............•.•....•.•.•. 

195 

195 

195 

144 

83 

62 

40 

42 

l:J.o ~: 99.4· B. 

89.2 c. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN, 121 

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT BISHOP'S BRIDGE, NEAR WINTER, WIS. 

Location.-Near highway bridge about 3 miles downstream from the East Fork of 

Chippewa River (coming in from the left) and 4 miles by road northwest of Winter, 

Wis. 

Records availab1e.---;-February 23, 1912, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-775 square miles. 

Gage.-Metal staff gage fastened to a wood~n pier on the right bank immediately 

above the bridge inst!Llled on January 27, 1914; zero 3.44 feet below the zero of the 

wooden staff gage used February 23, 1912, to January 27, 1914. Gage read once 

daily prior to Js.nuary 27, 1914; after that date daily, morning and evening, to 

quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 4.0 feet, half-tenths between 

4.0 and 6.5 feet, and tenths above 6.5 feet. 

Dil!:charge measurements.-Made from upstream side of highway bridge immediately below gage. 

Willter :fiow.-Detormined from discharge measurements made through the ice. 

Re;gulation.-No dams for storing water are now in operation above station. 

Acouracy.-8ee footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge. 

Oo()peration.-Records from February 23, 1912, to January 27, 1914, furnished 

• through the corutesy of the Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co., which has 

also paid the gag·e reader to date. 

Dis.rfharge measurements of Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis., during the years ending Sept. 80, 1912-1914. .. 

Df1te. Made by-- ~ Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Dish t. charge. height. charge. 

-----

19U-12. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1913-14. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feb .. 23 J. A. Cutler a ....... ::. 5.64 b200 Dec. 4 Stewart and Hoyt.. .••. 5.62 1,040 

July 9 C. B. Stewart a ........ 4.44 358 Jan. 27 H. C. Beckman ........ 5.50 b342 

Mar. 6 0. A. Steller ........... 5.57 b244 

19lli-13. May 2 M. F. Rather ........... 7.65 d 3,190 

May 4 C. B. Stewart a ........ 6.29 •1,820 June 2 . .... do ................. 5. 70 1,110 

July 6 ..... do<> ............... 6.17 1,650 Sept. 16 ..... do ................. 5.65 1,060 

a llleasurements made for Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. by and under directl'on of C. B. 

Stewart, consulting engineer, Madison, Wis. b Complete ice cover. cOpen channel; results approximate only. d LOgs on control. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis.,jor the 

years ending Sept. 80, 1912-1914. 

[John Edberg, obserrer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1--·1----------------------

1911"-12. 1.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.55 5.9 6.15 

2.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.55 5.9 6.1 

3.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.55 5.9 6.2 

4.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.55 5.95 6.6 

5 ................................................. 5.6 <>5. 02 6.8 

6............... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.6 5.95 6.9 

7·.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.6 5.95 6.9 

8 ................................................. 5.,6 5.7 6.9 

9.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.65 5.85 6.9 

10 ................................................. 5.6 5.9 6.7 

11............... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.6 5. 95 6. 7 

12.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.6 6.0 6.6 

13.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.6 6.05 6.3 

14 ................................................. 5.55 6.1 6.05 

15.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.55 6.2 6.0 

16.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 5.55 

17 ................................................. 5.6 

18 ................................................. 5.6 

19 ................................................. 5.65 

20 ................................................. 5.65 

6.2 5.9 

6.2 5.8 

6.15 5.7 

6.15 5.6 

6.05. 5.6 

5.95 

5.9 

5.9 

5.75 

5.7 

5.55 

5.5 

5.45 

5.4 

5.3 

5.2 

5.15 

5.1 

5.05 

5.25 

5.45 

5.5 

5.5 

5.55 

5.55 

4.7 4.25 5.15 

4.65 4.25 5.15 

4.65 4.2 5.15 

4.6 4.2 5.15 

4.5 4.25 5.2 

4.4 4.3 5.15 

4.4 4.35 5.1 

4.45 4.35 5.05 

4.45 4.6 5.0 

4.45 5.0 5.0 

4.45 5.1 4. 95 

4.45 5.35 4.85 

4.4 5.4 4.85 

4.4 5.4 4.85 

4.4 5.35 4.85 

4.35 5.45 4.9 

4.35 5.6 4.9 

4.3 5.55 4.95 

4.3 5.45 4.95 

4.25 5.25 4.9 
122 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART v. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis.,jor the 

years ending Sept. 90, 1912-1914-Continued. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1911-12. 

21.------------- ........... ......... .......... ........ ........ 5.6 6.05 5.6 5.6 4.25 5.2 4.9 

22--------·----- ............ .......... .......... ......... .......... 5.55 6.05 5.65 5.65 4.4 5.2 4.9 23--------·----- ............ ......... . .......... ............ 5.65 5.55 6.05 5.65 5.55 4.45 5.15 4.9 24-------------- .......... ........... ............ ........... 5.65 5.55 6.05 5.7 5.45 4.5 5.1 4.9 

25--·---·-----·- ............. ............ ............. .......... 5.6 5.55 6.05 5.7 5.3 4.55 5.05 4.85 

211. ••••••••••••• ............ .............. .. ......... .............. 5.55 5.6 6.05 5. 7 5.15 4.5 5.05 4.85 

27 ......•.•..•.. ......... ........ ........... ............. 5.55 5.65 6.05 5.85 5.0 4.4 5.05 4.85 28-----------·-- ......... ........... ........... ........... 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.0 4.9 4.4 5.0 4.85 29---------·-··· ........... .......... ........... .......... 5.6 5.75 6.1 6.0 4.85 4.35 5.0 4.8 30 •.•••••••••••• ............ ......... ........ ······· .. ....... 5.8 6.1 6.0 4.8 4.35 5.05 4.8 

31. .•.•.•••••.•• ............ .......... .......... ........... . ........ 5.85 . .......... 5.95 . ........... 4.3 5.1 .. .......... 

1912--13. 

2 1. ...•.•.•..... 4.8 4.75 4.45 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.35 6.9 6.35 4.9 5.5 5.1 ________ , _____ a ______________ 4.75 4.7 4.45 5.25 5.4 5.6 6.8 6.7 6.45 ·4.85 5.5 5.05 

4. 75 4.65 4.5 5.25 5.4 5.6 7.3 6.45 6.4 5.0 5.4 5.15 

5 4 ..•.•..•.•••.. 

______________ 4.75 4.6 4.55 5.25 5.4 5.6 7.6 6.3 6.35 5.55 5.35 5.25 

4. 7 4,.6 4.5 5.25 5.35 5.6 7.7 6.1 6.25 5.8 5.25 5.2 

6 ______________ 4.65 4.55 4.55 5.2 5.35 5.6 7.8 6;0 6.7 6.05 5.2 5.15 1-------------- 4.65 4.55 4.95 5.2 5.4 5.65 8.0 5.9 6.9 6.3 5.1 S..1 

8------------·- 4.6 4.55 6.05 5.2 5.4 5.65 8.0 5.75 7.0 6.5 5.05 5.05 

9------·-·----- 4.6 4.55 6.0 5.2 5.4 5.65 8.0 5.65 7.0 6. 7 5.05 5.0 10 ______________ 4.6 4.55 5.65 5.15 5.4 5.65 7.1 5.55 6.9 6.9 4.95 5.0 

11-------------- 4.55 4.55 5.35 5.15 5.45 5.7 8.2 5.45 6.8 7.0 4.9 5.0 

123 .... ______________ -------·-- 4.65 4.5 5.35 5.2 5.45 5. 7 7.1 5.4 6.6 7.1 4.85 4.95 

14 ______________ 4.85 4.5 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.75 6.15 5.3 6.4 7.0 4.8 4.9 

4.95 4.5 5.3 5.2 5.35 5.7 6.25 5.25 6.25 6.8 4.8 4.9 

15------------·- 5.05 4.5 5.35 5.2 5.4 5.65 6.5 5.25 6.15 6. 7 4.8 4.85 

16 ______________ 5.1 4.5 5.35 5.2 5.45 5.65 6.6 5.35 6.1 6.6 4.9 4.8 

17-------------- 5.1 4.45 5.35 5.2 5.45 5.65 7.2 5.5 5.9 6.45 5.0 4.8 18. _____________ 5.1 4.-'45 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.6 7.6 5.6 5.65 6.35 5.3 4. 75 

19-------------- 5.05 4.45 5.4 5.25 5.5 5.6 7.6 5. 7 5.55 6.25 5.5 4.7 20------------·- 5.05 4.45 5.35 5.25 5.5 5.65 7.6 5.9 5.5 6.1 5.5 5.05 

21.------------- 5.0 4.45 5.35 5.25 5.5 5. 7 7.6 6.15 5.6 6.0 5.55 5.1 

22-------------- 23 ______________ 4.95 4.45 5.35 5.25 5.55 5. 7 7.8 6.3 5.55 5.9 5.6 5.1 

4.9 4.45 5.35 5.3 5.55 5. 75 7.8 6.35 5.55 5.8 5.il5 5.15 24-------------- 4.9 4.4 5.3 5.3 5.55 5.8 7.8 6.45 5.45 5.65 5.65 5.2 25 ______________ 4.85 4.4 5.3 5.3 5.55 5.85 7. 7 6.45 5.15 5.55 5.6 5.3 

26 .. --------·--- 4.85 4.45 5.3 5.35 5.55 5.95 7.6 6.4 5.15 5.65 5.6 5.4 27 ______________ 28 ______________ 4.85 4.55 5.25 5.35 5.55 5.95 7.5 6.3 5.15 5.55 5.55 5.5 

4.8 4.95 5.25 5.35 5.6 6.0 7.4 6.25 5.1 5.6 5.45 5.5 29-------------- 4.8 5.15 5.25 5.35 ........... 6.0 7.2 6.2 4.95 5.65 5.4 5.5 

30-------------- 31. _____________ 4.8 5.25 5.3 5.35 -......... ~ 6.05 7.2 6.15 4.9 5.6 5.25 5.5 

4.8 ~. ~ ~. ~. 5.3 5.35 ~ ~ .......... 6.15 ······· 6.25 . .. .. . .. .. ~ 5.6 5.2 ........ 

1913-14. 

1.. 2 ______________ -- ·--- ·- ---- 5.5 5.55 5.65 6.35 5.5 5.3 4.75 7.5 5.8 6.45 5.4 5.3 

a ______________ 5.5 5.5 5.65 6.4 5.55 5.5 4. 75 7.6 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.45 

4 ______________ 5.45 5.5 5.65 6.4 5.6 5.5 4.8 7.7 5.75 6.4 5.2 5.5 

5.45 5.45 5.6 6.3 5.5 5.5' 4.8 7.7 5.7~ 6.35 5.1 5.5 

5 ....•.....•.•. 5.5 5.4 5.6 6.15 5.5 5.5 4.75 1.6 5.7 6.25 5.0 5.5 

6 7 ......•...•••. 

______________ 5.6 5.4 5.55 6.15 5.5 5. 55 4.7 7.3 5.7 6.15 4.{15 5.55 

5.65 5.35 5.45 6.15 5.5 5.55 4.7 7.1 5. 75 6.0 4:85 5.5 8 ______________ 5.'1 5.4 5.4 6.05 5.5 5.6 4.65 6.9 5.7 5.85 4.8 5.45 9 ..•..•.•.•.... 5. 75 5.5 5.3 6.0 5.5 5.6 4.7 6. 7 5.65 5.75 4.8 5.4 

10 .... ---··----- 5. 75 5.55 5.25 5.9 5.5 5.6 4.65 6.6 5.6 5.6 4.85 5.4 

11------·----·-- 5.75 5.65 5.25 5.9 5.45 5.6 4.7 6.5 5.5 5.5 4.85 5.4 

12-------------- 5. 7 5.7 5.3 5.9 5.4 5.6 4.6 6.3 5.4 5.5 4.9 5.35 

13 .. , ......•..•. 5.6 5.65 5.3 5.9 5.4 5.6 4.65 6.2 5.3 5.55 4.95 5.45 14------------·- 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.85 5.4 5.6 4. 7 6.1 5.2 5.6 5.15 5.55 15. _____________ 5.55 5.55 5.15 5.8 5.45 5.65 4.85 6.0 5.2 5.6 5.25 5.6 

16 ______________ 5.5 5.45 5.1 5.8 5.45 5. 7 4.9 5.9 5.1 5.65 5.3 5.65 11-------------- 5.4 5.4 5.05 5.75 5.45 5.8 5.15 5. 75 5.0 5.6 5.35 5.8 

18-------------- 5.4 5.35 5.0 5. 7 5.5 5. 7 5.4 5.7 5.0_ 5.6 5.45 5.85 

19---·-----·---- 5.35 5.35 5.0 5.65 5.45 5.65 5.7 5.6 5.05 5.6 5.5 5.9 

20-------------- 5.3 5.4 4. 95 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.55 5.1 5.55 5.45 5.95 

21..------··-·-·- 5.2 5.4 4.9 5.6 . 5.5 5.65 5.9 5 •. 6 5.0 5.5 5.45 5.9 

22-------·----·- 5.2' 5.45 4.85 5.6 5.45 5.6 5.95 5.6 5.0 5.5 5.4 6.25 23---------·---- 5.15 5.55 5.0 5.55 5.5 5.6 6.0 5.65 5.0 5.5 5. 75 6.3 24----·--------- 5.15 5.65 5.05 5.55 5.5 5.55 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 6.35 

25 •.•.•.•.••.... 5.25 5.65 5.1 5.5 5.5 5. 7 6.25 5. 75 5.8 5.65 5.5 6.3 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 123 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis.,jor the 

years ending Sept. 30, 1912-1914-Continued. 

Day. Oct.~ Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1------------------------

1913-14. 26 •••••••.•.•••. 5.3 5.65 5.25 5.5 5.5 5.6 6.3 5.8 5.9 5. 7 5.45 6.25 27 •••.•.•.•..••. 5.4 5. 7 5. 35 5.5 5.5 5.85 6.4 5. 75 6.2 5. 7 5.4 6.2 28 .......••..... 5.45 5. 7 5.65 5.55 5.5 5.8 6. 7 5. 75 6.25 5.65 5.35 6.15 29 .............. 5.5 5. 7 5.95 5.6 5.8 7.1 6.0 6.3 5.6 5.3 6.05 30 .••••••.••.•.. 5.55 5. 7 6.15 5.6 5.5 7.3 6.0 6.35 5.55 5.25 5.95 31. ••••.•.•.•.•. 5.6 6.35 5.55 4. 75 5.9 5.5 5.2 

a Drop caused by going out of ice. 

NoTE.-Discharge relation probably affected by ice about Feb. 23 to Apr. 7, 1912, Nov. 28, 1912, to Apr. 

12, 1913, and Dec. 21,1913, to Apr. 10,1914. Dischargerelationafiected by backwater from a logjam about 

Apr. 29 to May 12, 1914. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis., 

for the years ending Sept. 30, 1912-1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1---1----------------------

1911-12. 

1. ••••••••••••• ....... ......... ........ . ...... --····· ............ ............. 1,630 1,380 454 315 682 2 •••••••••••••• ........... ........... ......... ............ ............. ------- ............ 1,560 1,320 435 315 682 3 •••••••••••.•• ........... ............ ------- ............ ------- ............. ........... 1,690 1,320 435 305 682 4 •••••••••••••• ............. ............ ............. ............ ------- ............ .......... 2,300 1,170 416 305 682 5 •.•••••••••••• ............ ............. . ......... ............ ------- ............ ............ 2,640 1,120 382 315 713 

6 •.•••••••• : ••• ............. ............ ............. ............ . ........ ........ --·---- 2,820 978 350 325 682 7 •••••••••••••• ............. ............ --·---- ·-·---- ····--- ------- ·i;i2o· 2,820 935 350 338 651 8 •••••••••••••• ........... ........... .......... .. ....... ····-·· ------- 2,820 895 366 338 622 9 .••••..••••••• ·-·---- ------· ............ ------- ····--- ------- 1,270 2,820 855 366 416 594 10 •••••••••••••• ............. ............ ------- ------- ------- ------- 1,320 2,470 781 366 594 594 

11 •••••••.•••••• ------- ............ ------- ------- ------- ·-·---- 1,380 2,470 713 366 651 568 12 •••••••••••••. ............ ......... ............ ------- ------- ------- 1,440 2,300 682 366 818 519 13 •••••••.•••••• ------- --·---- ------- ......... ------- ···---- 1,500 1,830 651 350 855 519 14 •••••••••••••• ···---- ............ ------- ......... ------- ------- 1,560 1,500 622 -350 855 519 15 •••••••••••••• ........... ------- ------- ------· ............ .......... 1,690 1,440 747 350 818 519 

16 .••••••••••••• ------- ------- ------- ............ ............ ···---- 1,690 1,320 895 338 895 542 17 ••...••••••••• ------- --····- ------- ............. --····· ···---- 1,690 1,220 935 338 1,020 542 18 •••••••...•••• ···---- ------- ------- ------- ------- ···---- 1,630 1,120 935 325 978 568 19 .•... : •••.•.•• ------- ------- ------- ........... --·-··· ···---- 1,630 1,020 978 325 895 568 20 •.•.•.•...•••• ------- ............ --····· ........... ......... ........... 1,500 1,020 978 315 747 542 

21. .•.••• ••••••• ............ ------- ····--- ....... ······- ------- 1,500 1,020 1,020 315 713 542 22 •••••••••••••• ........ ---···· ------- ........ ------- ------- 1,500 1,070 1,070 350 713 542 23 ..•••••.•••••• ······· --····· --·-··· .......... ------- ......... 1,500 1,070 978 366 682 542 24 •••.•.•••.•••• ------- --····- ------- ------- ------- ------- 1,500 1,120 895 382 651 542 25 •••••••••••••• ------- ------- ------- ........ ------- ------- 1,500 1,120 781 399 622 519 

26 •••..••••••••• ........... ----··· ------- .......... ........... ------- 1,500 1,120 682 382 622 519 27 ..•••••.•••••. ------- ........... ......... ------- ......... ------- 1,500 1,270 594 350 622 519 28 ..•••••••••••• ......... ------- ............ ........... ........... ........... 1,560 1,440 542 350 594 519 29 •.•••••••••••• .......... ............ ............ . .......... ......... ------· 1,560 1,440 519 338 594 496 30 ..••...••••••. ------- ........... .......... .. ........ .......... ------- 1,560 1,440 496 338 622 496 31. •••••.••••••. ------- .......... ............ . ........ .......... . ........ 1,380 325 651 

1912-13. 1. ............. 496 475 ....... ........ ····-·· --··-·· ······- 2,820 1,900 542 935 651 2 ..•.•••••••.•. 475 454 -······ ·-·---- ........ ........... ------- 2,470 2,060 519 935 622 3 •.•••••.•.•••. 475 435 ........... ------- ........... ........... ........ 2,060 1,980 594 855 682 4 •••.•••••••••. 475 416 ......... -----·- .......... ........... ---···· 1,830 1,900 978 818 747 5 •.•.•••••••••• 454 416 ------- ........... .......... ......... .......... 1,560 1, 760 1,220 747 713 

6 ..•.•••••••••. 435 399 ------- .......... ......... --··-·· .......... 1,440 2,470 1,500 713 682 7 •••••••••••••. 435 399 ------- ......... ......... ···--·· ........... 1,320 2,820 1,830 651 651 8 •••••••••••••• 416 399 ------- ........... ............. ......... ····--· 1,170 3,000 2,140 622 622 9 •••••••••••••• 416 399 ·-····· ------- ........ .......... ......... 1,070 3,000 2,470 622 594 10 •••••••••••••• 416 399 ------- .......... ------- ........... ............ 978 2,820 2,820 568 594 

11 •••••••••••••. 399 399 ------- ........... ····-·- ......... ......... 895 2,640 3,000 542 594 12 •••••••••••••. 435 382 .......... .......... ····-·- -----·· .......... 855 2,300 3,190 519 568 13 .••••••.•••.•. 519 382 ------- .......... ······- ------- 1,630 781 1,980 3,000 496 '542 

14 •••••••••••••• 568 382 ····-·- ........... ······- ····-·· 1, 760 747 1, 760 2,640 496 542 15 •••••••••••••. 622 382 .......... .......... ......... ........ 2,140 747 1,630 2,470 496 519 
124 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 l>ART V. 

Daily diBcharge, in seCond1eet,ojChippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near Winter, Wis., 

for tM years ending Sept. 90, 1912-1914---Continued. , 

Day. Oct. Nov, Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-------------------- 1912-13. 16 •••••••••••••• 651 382 ............ ............ ............ ........... 2,300 818 1,560 2,300 542 496 17 •••••••••••••• 651 366 ............ ............ ............. ............. 3,380 935 1,320 2,060 594 496 18 •••••••••••••• 651 366 ......... .. .. .. ·~· .... . ......... . ......... 4,160 1,020 1,070 1,900 781 475 19 •••••••••••••• 622 366 ............ ............. ............. ......... 4,160 1,120 987 1, 760 935 454 20 •••••••••••••• 622 366 ........... ............ ............. ............. 4,160 1,320 935 1,560 935 622 

21. ••••••••••••• 594 366 ........... ............. ............. ............. 4,160 1,630 1,020 1,440 978 651 22 •••••••••••••• 568 366 ............. .............. ............. ............. 4,570 1,830 978 1,320 1,020 651 23 •••••••••••••• 542 366 ............. ............. ............. ............. 4,570 1,900 978 1,220 1,070 682 24 •••••• : ••••••• 542 350 .............. ............. ............. ............. 4,570 2,060 895 1,070 1,070 713 25 •••••••••••••• 519 350 ............. ............. ............. ............. 4,360 2,060 682 978 1,020 781 

26 •••••••••••••• 519 366 .............. ............. ............. .............. 4,160 1,980 682 1,g~g 1,020 855 27 •••••••••••••• 519 399 ............. ............. ........... ............. 3,960 1,830 682 978 935 28 •••••••••••••• 496 ~>380 ............ ............. .............. ............ 3, 760 1, 760 651 1,020 895 935 29 ••.••.....•••• 496 G380 ............. .............. ............ ............ 3,380 1,690 568 1,070 855 935 30 •••••••••••••• 496 ~>380 ............. ......... ........... ............ 3,380 1,630 542 1,020 747 935 31. .•••••••••••• 496 ............ ......... ......... ........... ............ .. ........... 1, 760 . ......... 1,020 713 .......... 

1913-14. 1. •••••.••••••• 935 978 1,070 ............. ............. ............. .. ........... 3,000 1,22o 2,060 855 781 2 •••.•• : ••••••• 935 935 1,070 ............. ............ ............. ............. 3,190 1,120 2,140 781 895 3 •.•••••••••••• 895 935 1,070 .............. .......... .............. ............. 3,280 1,170 1,980 713 935 4 •••• - •••••••• 895 895 1,020 .............. ............. ............. ............. 3,280 1,170 1,900 651 _935 5 •••••••••••••• 935 855 1,020 ............. ............ ............. .............. 3,190 1,120 1, 760 594 935 

6 •••••••••••••• 1,020 855 978 ............ ........... .. ......... . ........... 2,820 1120 1 630 568 978 7 •••••••••••••• 1,070 818 895 ........... .......... ............ .. ........... 2,640 1:170 1:440 519 935 8 •••••••••••••. 1 120 855 855 ........... ............ .............. . .......... ~·~ 1,120 1 270 496 895 9 •••••••••••••. 1:170 935 781 ............. ........... ............ .. .......... 1,070 1:170 496 855 10 •••••••••••••. 1,170 978 747 ............ ............ ........... ......... 1:980 1,020 1,020 <619 855 

11 •••••••••••.•• 1,170 1,070 747 .............. .............. ............ 454 1,830 935 935 519 855 12 .••.•••••••••. 1,120 1,120 781 .............. ............. .......... 416 1,690 855 935 542 818 13 •••••••••••••• 1,020 1,070 781 ............. ............. ............ 435 1,690 781 978 568 895 14 ...••.•.••.••. 1,020 1,020 713 .............. ............ ............. 454 1,560 713 1,020 682 978 15 •••••••••••••. 978 978 682 .............. ............. .............. 519 1,440 713 1,020 747 1,020 

16 •••••••••••••• 935 895 651 ............. .............. ............. 542 1320 651 1,070 781 1,070 17 •••••••••••••• 8P5 855 622 .............. ............ .......... 682 1:170 594 1,020 818 1,220 18 •••••••••••••• 855 818 594 ............ ............. ............. 855 1,120 594 1,020 895 19 •••••••••••••. 818 818 594 ............ ............. .... .~. ....... 1,120 1,020 622 1,g~ 935 ~:~ 20 ••.••••••••••• 781 855 568 ........... ............. ............. 1,220 978 651 895 1,380 

21. ••••••••••••• 713 855 .............. ........... ............. ............. 1;320 1,020 594 935 895 1,320 22 •••••••••••••• 713 895 .......... ........ .......... ............ 1,380 1,020 594 935 855 1, 760 23 •••••••••••••• 682 978 ........... ......... ......... .............. 1,440 1,070 594 935 1,170 1,830 24 •••••••••••• :. 682 1,070- ............. ........... ............ ............. 1,560 1,120 1,020 1,020 1,020 1,900 25 ••••••••••••• , 747 1,070 .............. .......... .............. ............. 1,760 1,170 1,220 1,070 935 1,830 

26 •••••••••••••• 781 1,070 .............. ............ ........... ............. 1,830 1,220 1,320 1,120 895 1, 760 27 ••••••••••••.• 855 1,120 ............. ............. .............. ............ 1,980 1,170 

~:= 1,120 855 1,690 28 ••••••••••••.. 895 1,120 .............. ............. ............. ............. 2,470 1,170 1,070 818 1,630 29 •••..•.••••... 935 1,120 .............. ........... ............. .............. 2,820 1,440 1,830 1,g~ 781 1,500 30 ••••••.••••••. 978 1,120 .............. ............. .............. .............. 3,000 1,440 1,900 747 1,380 31. ••••••••••••• 1,020 .............. ............. ............. ......... .............. .. .......... 1,320 .. ............ 935 713 . ...... 

a Estimated on account of ice. 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a ratiug curve well defined between 350 and 2,140 second-feet 

(gage heights 4.4 and 6.5 feet). Daily discharge, Apr. 29to:May 12,1914, estimated onaccountofback\vater tram log jam. 

Discharge estimated because of ice, from gage heights observer's notes, discharge measurements and 

climatic records as foliows: Dec. 21-31, 1913,_ 530 second-feet; Jan. 1-10, 1914, 507 second-feet; Jan. l1-20, 

399 second-feet; Jan. 21-31, 353 second-feet; .. ,.eb. 1-10, 280 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 238 second-feet; Feb. 

lll-281 240 second-feet; Mar. 1-10, 245 second-feet; Mar. 11-20, 265 second-feet; Mar. 21-31, 329 88COI1d-feet 

and Apr. 1-10, 1914, 406 second-feet. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 125. 

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River at Bishops bridge, near Winter, Wis., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1912-1914. 

[Drainage area, 775 square miles.] 

Month. 

1911-12. 

~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: June ................................... . July ................................... . August ................................. . September ............................. . 

1912-13. 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

1,690 

2,820 

1,380 

454 

1,020 

713 

1,120 

1,020 

496 

315 

305 

496 

1,500 

1,690 

882 

363 

619 

574 

1===1====1=== 

Per 

square 

mile. 

1.94 

2.18 

1.14 

.468 

. 799 

. 741 

Run-off 

(depth in 

mches on drainage 

area). 

Accuracy. 

1. 66 A. 

2.51 B. 

1.27 A. 

.54 A. 

.92 B. 

.83 B. 

October................................. • 651 399 517 . 667 . 77 B. 

November.......................................... ............ 389 .502 .56 B. 

December ..................................................................................... .. January ....................................................................................... .. February ...................................................................................... . March ........................................................................................ .. April13-30.............................. 4, 570 1, 630 3, 590 4. 63 3.10 C. 

May.................................... 2,820 747 1,490 1.92 2.21 A. 

June.................................... 3,000 542 1,590 2.05 2.29 A. 

July.................................... 3,190 519 1, 640 2.12 2.44 A. 

August................................. 1,070 496 780 1.01 1.16 B. 

September.............................. 935 454 665 .858 .96 B. 

1913-14. 

October................................. 1,170 682 November.............................. 1,120 818 

December ..................................................... .. January ........................................................ . 

~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: ~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~::l """"978' 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ u~ ~n Theyear ......................... . 3,280 

926 1.19 

965 1.25 712 .919 

418 .539 

254 .328 

281 .363 

1,010 1.30 

1, 770 2.28 

1,030 1.33 

1,210 1.56 

750 .968 

1,210 1. 56 

881 1.14 

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR BRUCE, WIS. 

1. 37 

1.40 

1.06 

.62 

.34 

.42 

1.45 

2.63 

1.48 

1.80 

1.12 

1. 74 

15.43 

A. 

A. 

c. 

c. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

Location.-At the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railroad bridge 1 mile 

east of Bruce, Wis. Thornapple River enters from the right imm!)diately above 

the station and Flambeau River from the right about ;21 miles below. 

Records available.-December 31, 1913, to September 30,_1914. 

Drainage area.-1,380 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to downstream side of Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. 

Marie Railroad bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. 

Limits of use: Hundredths below 3.0 feet, half-tenths between 3.0 and 4.0 feet, 

and tenths above 4.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-Bed of river hard sand, free from vegetation; probably shifts 

only in high water. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached. 

Winter :flow.-Determined from measurements made through the ice. 

Regulation.-Practically none; no large power plants above station, and at present 

no logging operation of sufficient magnitude to affect flow of river at this point. 

Accuracy.-Records excellent. 
126 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 11}141 PART V. 

Gage Dis- --Date. Hade by- Gage Dis- height. charge. Date. Made by- height. charge. 

Dec. 31 H. C. Beckman •••••••• Jan. 29 ••••• do ••••••••••••••••• Mar. 5 0. A. Steller ..•••...... Apr. 11 G. H. Canfteld ••••••.•• 

Fed. 

2.48 

2.75 

2.73 

2.21 

8ec.{t. a597 

a549 

a405 

b 1,050 

Apr. 21 M. F. Rather ..•••••••. May 5 ..•.. do •••••..•.•••.•.•. June 9 .•••• do ••• , ••••••••••••• Sept. 15 ••••• do ••••••••••••••••. 

,. Measurement made under oomplete ice oover. b River clear of lee. . 

Feet. 

4.90 

6.97 

3.41 

5.06 

8ec.{t. 

3,620 

5,820 

2,170 

3,600 

Daily gage height, in jut, of Chippewa River near Bruce, WiB.,jor the year ending Sept. SO, 

1914. 

[H. C. Gardner, obseryer.] 

Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-------------------- !. ............. ........ .......... ......... 2.48 2.68 2.75 3.85 8.8 3.5 5.8 2.76 2.78 

2 •••••••••••••• .......... ........ ......... 2.48 2.68 2.75 3.95 7.8 3.25 5.6 2.58 2.99 

3 •••••••••••••• ........ ......... ........... 2.48 2.68 2.78 3.85 7.1 3.3 5.1 2.51 2.99 

4 •••••••••••••• ........... ........ ........... 2.50 2.60 2.78 3.55 7.0 5.0 4.7 2.32 2.96 

5 •••••••••••••• ............ ......... ............ 2.48 2.60 2.60 3.2 7.0 6.1 4.3 2.22 2.90 

6 •••••••••••••• .............. ............ ......... 2.48 2.60 2.80 2.82 6.6 5.1 3.8 2.14 2.85 

7 •••••••••••••• ............ ............ ............ 2.48 2.60 2.80 2.62 6.2 4.6 3.75 2.06 2.76 

8 •••••••••••••• ........... ............ ............ 2.52 2.62 2.82 2.45 5.8 4.0 3.5 2.01 2.69 

9 •••••••••••••• ............. ........... ........... 2.55 2.65 2.85 2.30 5.4 3.6 3.2 1.96 2.68 

10 •••••••••••••• ............ ............. ......... 2.52 2.65 2.85 2.26 5.0 3.3 3.0 1.98 2.68 

11 •.•.•.•••.•••• ............ ............. 2.50 2.65 2.85 2.26 4.8 2.98 2.84 1.99 2.82 

12 •.•••• .-••••••• ........... 2.48 2.65 2.85 2.25 4.5 2.72 2.79 1.94 2.90 

13 •.•••••••••••• ............ ............. ........... 2.40 2.65 2.88 2.45 4.2 2.62 3.75 1.99 2.94 

14 •••••••••••••• ............. .............. ............ 2.40 2.65 2.92 2.70 4.0 2.42 4.0 2.10 3.8 

15 •.•••••• ~ ••••• ........... ............ ............. 2.45 2.65 2.98 3.05 3.75 ~-64 3.55 2.15 5.0 

16 .............. ........... ............. .. .......... 2.45 2.65 3.08 3.4 3.55 2.56 3.3 2.22 4.7 

17 .............. 2.48 2.65 3.18 3.65 3.35 2.35 3.1 2.32 4.3 

18 .............. ......... ........... .......... 2.50 2.65 3.18 3.8 3.2 2.20 2.95 2.56 4.2 

19 .............. ............ ........... ........ 2.55 2.65 3.08 4.2 3.05 2.34 3.05 2.82 4.0 

20 .............. .......... ......... ........... 2.58 2.65 3.00 6.0 2.88 2.3)1 2.98 2.82 3.8 

21 .............. ......... ........... . ......... 2.52 2.65 2.95 5:0 3.05 2.30 2.82 2.82 3.65 

22 .............. .......... ........... ........... 2.52 2.65 2.90 4.9 3.2 2.40 2.72 2.76 4.2 

23 .............. .......... .......... .. ........ 2.52 2.68 2.88 4.7 3.3 3.45 2.85 3.1 5.2 

24 .............. .......... ............. ........... 2.50 2.70 2.90 4.5 3.2 4.8 3.0 3.8 5.0 

25 .............. ............. ........... .............. 2.48 2.70 3.05 5.3 3.2 6.7 2.94 3.45 4.7 

26 .............. .............. ............ ............ 2.48 2.70 3.15 5.8 3.111 6.4 2.91 2.85 4.5 

27 .............. .......... ............ .. ........... 2.52 2.70 3.15 6.0 3.1 7.4 2.95 2.66 4.2 

28 .............. ........... ........... ............. 2.55 2.75 3.40 6.7 3.1 8.8 3.5 2.65 3.1! 

29 .............. ............ ............. .............. 2.75 .. ........... 3.70 8.5 3.8 7.9 3.3 2.64 3.65 

30 .............. ............. .............. ............ 2.72 .. .......... 3.92 9.3 4.6 6.4 3.05 2.50 3.55 

31 .............. ............. ............ 2.48 2.72 ............ 4.10 .............. 4.1. .. .......... 2.92 2.46 .. ...... 

NOTE.-Dlscbarge relatlona11ected by lee about Dec. 31, 1913, to Apr. 5, 1914. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 127 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cl}ippewa River near B~, Wis., for the year eitding . Sept. 80, 191-f.. 

Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------------:---1------------------

1. ...................................... , ............. .......... 8,000 2,210 4,530 1,530 1,550 2 ..................................................... ........... 6,800 1,970 4,310 1,370 1, 740 

3 ••••.•.•••.•..•.. : .•••.••••••••..•.•....•...•..•.•.•• ........ 6,000 2,020 3,760 1,300 1, 740 

4 ........•............................................ ......... 5,880 3,660 3,360 1,140 1, 710 

5 •.••..••••.•.••....••...••....•.•....•.•.•.....•••.•• ............ 5,880 4,860 2,970 1,060 1,660 

6 •......•...•....•............•.......•...•........... 1,580 5,420 3,760 2,500 1,000 1,610 7 •.•..••..•......•...•........... : ....•...•..•.•...... 1,400 4,970 3,260 2,450 935 1,530 

8 •••.••••.•••.•.......•.••...•.........•.............. 1,250 4,530 2,680 2,210 898 1,470 

9 ••••••.•••.•.••..•.•...•..•.•.....•.•••.•............ 1,120 4,090 2,300 1,920 862 1,460 

10 •..•...••.••.•...•••........•.....•.....•............ 1,090 3,660 2,020 1, 740 876 1,460 

11 ..................................................... 1,090 3,460 1,730 1,600 883 1,580 12 ..................................................... 1,080 3,160 1,490 1,560 848 1,660 

13 .••.•.••...........••..........•.......•...•••.••..•. 1,250 2,880 1,400 2,450 883 1,690 14 ••••.•.•••.•••••.••....••.•.•..•••.••.....••......•.. 1,480 2,680 1,230 2,680 965 2,500 

15 •••.•.•••.•••..•.••..••....•.•.......•.•....•........ 1, 790 2,450 1,420 2,260 1,000 3,660 

16 •••••.•••.•.•••••••.•••....•.•.•....•....•.•...•..... 2,120 2,260 1,340 2,020 1,060 3,360 

17 ••••.•.•••...••••••.•••..•...•.••••....•.••••.•••••.. 2,350 2,070 1,170 1,840 1,140 2,970 

18 ..................................................... 2,500 1,920 1,040 1, 700 1,350 2,880 

19 ..................................................... 2,880 1,790 1,160 1,790 1,580 2,680 

20 ••.•.••.•••••.••••••••.••.•......•..•.•......•....... 3,660 1,640 1,180 1,730 1,580 2,500 

21 •••..••...•.......•..••......•.•.....•....••...•..... 3,660 1,790 1,120 1,580 1,580 2,350 22 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. 3,560 1,920 1,210 1,490 1,530 2,880 23 •...•......•.••........•.•.•....•.........•••. · •..•... 3,360 2,020 2,160 1,610 .1,840 3,870 

24 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.••••••••••••••• 3,160 1,920 3,460 1, 740 2,500 3,660 

25 ••..•...•.........•..•..•.•.•......••.•...•........•• 3,980 1,920 5,540 1,690 2,160 3,360 

26 •••••••••••••••••••.•.••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4,530 1,880 5,190 1,660 1,610 3,160 

27 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4,750 1,840 6,340 1,700 1,440 2,880 

28 .••...•.•••.•••........•...•.......•.•.•...........•• 5,540 1,840 8,000 2,210 1,430 2,590 

29 •••.•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••• 7,640 2,500 6,920 2,020 1,420 2,350 

30 •...... ., .•....•.•...•...•.••....•.••••..•.•.......•. 8,600 3,260 5,190 1,790 1,300 2,260 

31 •.•.•...•..••••••••.....•..•••........•....•••.•.•.•• .......... 2,780 1,670 1,260 

NoTE.-Dailydischargecomputedfroma rating curve well defined between 890 and 5,880 second-feet (gage 

heights, 2.0and 7.0feet). Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gagehe!J(hts, observer's notes, discharge 

measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Dec. 31 1913, 597 second.:feet; Jan. 1-10, 593 second-feet; Jan. 11-20, 577 second-feet; Jan. 21-31, 553 second-feet; Feb. 1-10, 472 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 352 secondfeet; Feb. 21-28J 358 second-feet; Mar. 1-10, 411 second-feet; Mar. 11-20, 554 second-feet; Mar. 21-31, 740 

second-feet; ana Apr.1-5, 1914, 1,200 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 80, 191-f.. 

[Drainage area, 1,380 square mfles.] 

Discharge ln second-feet. 

Manth. Per Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

t~·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: u~ Uli i~c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~::: '~ September.............................. 3,870 1,460 

574 

397 

574 

2, 710 

3,330 

2,900. 

2,210 

1,300 

2,360 

0.416 

• 288 

• 416 

1.96 

2.41 

2.10 

1.60 

. 942 1. 71 

0.48 c. 

.30 c . 

.48 D • 2.19 B. 

2.78 A. 

2.34 A. 

1.84 A. 

1.09 A • 1.91 A. 
128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, ~ART V. 

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS; 

Location.-At the highway bridge at Chippewa Falls, Wis., 2,500 feet below the 

mouth of Duncan Creek coming in from the right. · 

Records available.1-Jmi'e 22, 1888, to September 30, 1914 .. Chippewa Lumber & 

Boom Co. has kept a continuous record since 1889. Since 1904 the United States 

Weather Bureau has obtained gage heights during the flood season of each year. 

On June 1, 1906, the United States GeolOgical Survey began making discharge 

measurements and obtained gage heights when no record was obtained by the 

Weather Bureau. The gage heights as they have been published have been 

obtained from the following sources: June 22, 1888, to November 21, 1899, from 

certified blue-print copies of gage heights as kept by the Chippewa Lumber & 

Boom Co., furnished by Fargo Engineering Co.; March to September, 1905, 1907, 

and 1908, United States Weather Bureau; April to July, 1909, Chippewa Lumber 

& Boom Co.; October 1 to December 31, 1911, United States Geological Survey; 

January to June, 1912, Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co.; March to July, 1912, 

United States Weather Bureau; December, 1912, Chippewa Valley Ra.ilway0 

Light & Power Co.; January 1, 1913, to September 30, 1914, United States Geological Survey. 

Drainage area.-5,600 square miles. , 

Gage.-Friez water-stage recorder installed during January, 1914, fastened to the 

web b~ween the two piers supporting first right-hand span and about 10 feet 

upstream from the former United States Weather Bureau gage; gage referred to 

the original datum. Prior to installation of this recording gage the readings were 

taken from a painted staff gage on the cylindrical pier at the right end of bridge. 

On August 19, 1913, the gage was found in error by the following amounts: 

Point of gage. Error. 

Ft. in. Feet. 

Z7 3.1 +0.03 

26 4.2 +.03 

16 10.2 + .12 

12 0 + .15 

7 1 + .12 .. 2 2 + .12 

Error has probably existed since the gage was painted on the pier, but the 

precise date cannot be determined. It should be noted that any error in the gage 

on the pier enters into the gage heights of discharge measurements as well as the 

daily gage heights. 

Channel and controL-Probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods.-On December 6, 1896, the river reached a stage of 26.03 feet; on September 

10, 1884, a stage of 26.94 feet, according to high-water marks on the door of the 

office of the Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Discharge relation at times affected by ice; flow during such periods 

determined by discharge measurements. 

Regulation.-Some fluctuation is caused by the operation of a.power plimt about 

one-half mile above the gage. The greatest fluctuation is, however, caused by the 

operation of larger plants a.bove, notably that of the Brunet Falls Manufacturing 

Co., at Cornell, Wis. 

1 Records from June 22, 1888, to September 30, 1899, published in Water-Supply Paper 355. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 129 

Accuracy.-Records for 19 4 excellent; those for previous years, owing to fluctuations 

in stage, possible error in gage datum, and little supervision of gage readings, less 

accurate, but as the dfscharge relation is permanent, all records are probably 

good. • 

Cooperation.-The Wiscopsin & Minnesota Light & Power Co. has assisted in the 

installation and maintenance of the recording gage installed during January, 

1914. Note other cooperation under "Records available." 

Discharge TMG.8Urements of ~hippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., auring the year · ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Gage Dis- I Gage Dis- Date. Made by- height. charge. Date. Made by- height. charge. 

------ ------ Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Dec. 20 G. H. Canfield ......... 0.99 a2,340 May 6 M. F. Rather ........... 5.54 15,500 

Jan. 27 Hoyt and Steller ....... . 85 a2,040 June 7 Canfield and Rather .... 7.48 21,700 

Mar. 15 G. H. Canfield ......... 1.35 b 2,350 Sept. 7 H. C. Beckman ........ 2. 21 5,380 Apr. 22 W. G. Hoyt ............ 4.91 12,700 8 ..... do .................. 2.01 4, 710 

aMeasnrement made at bridge section, partly from bridge and partly from ice; partial ice co.er at the 

control. b Measnrement made under com*lete ice cover about 1 mile below gage. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of ffhippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis.,jor the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Friez recording gage.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. D~c. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. I May. June. 

---------··--------

!. .......... ··- 1.8 2.3 3.0 0. 7 0.85 0.9 2. 75 9.8 3.8 2 ...•..••••••.• 1.9 2.6 ~:1~ .8 .95 .95 2.8 8. 7 3.0 3 .•..•.•••••••• 1. 7 2.4 .8 .9 .95 2.8 7.5 2. 7 4 ....•••••••••• 1.6 1. 7 2.19 .8 .95 .85 2.8 6. 7 6.0 5 .•.•••••.•.•.• 1.6 1.6 2.3 .6 .95 0 75 2. 75 6.1 9.6 

6 .•••.••••••••. 1.9 1.9 2. 7 .85 .8 .8 2.45 5.6 8.8 7 ...•••..•..... 2.2 1.9 2.16 .8 .85 1.0 2.2 5.4 7.5 8 ...•••....•.•. 2. 7 1.9 2.1 .8 .8 0 75 2.1 4.9 6.2 9 ..••••..•.•.•. 2.6 2.1 2.11 0 75 1.1 .7 2.0 4. 6 5.2 10 •••••••••••••• 2.3 2.1 1.~ • 75 1.3 • 75 1.65 4.3 3.9 

11 ...•....•..... 2.4 1.9 1.7 .8 1.3 .85 1. 75 3.9 3.5 12 .•.....•..•... 2.6 1.9 1.6 .9 1.3 .85 1. 75 3.8 2.65 13 .•••.•....•... 2.9 1.9 

1.~ .85 1.0 .95 1.8 3.6 2.25 14 ...•..•.•.•••. 2.6 1.9 1. 0 75 1.2 1.2 1. 95 3.3 2.0 15 ••••.•••.••••. 2.0 1.8 1. .6 .9 1.5 2.3 2.95 2.3 

16 .•....••.•.••. 2.1 1.6 1.0 0 7 .9 1.6 2.8 2. 75 2.2 17 •...•.....•.•• 2.2 1.7 1.0 0 75 1.1 1.6 3.1 2.6 2.15 18 .•..••••...•.. 1.7 1. 7 .9 .55 1.2 1.4 3. 7 2.45 1. 75 19 .•..•••••.••.. 1. 7 1.6 

:~ .6 .85 1.2 4.0 2.25 1. 75 20 .•..•.••••.•.. 1.6 1.3 0 7 .85 1.0 5.0 1.95 1.65 

21. .•.•..•.•.•.• 1.6 1.6 .b .8 .9 .9 4.8 2.15 1. 95 22 .••.•.•••••... 1. 7 2.1 0 75 .85 .95 1.0 4.8 2. 75 1. 85 23 •••••••••••••• 1.6 2.4 .9 .7 .95 0 75 !.4 3.5 1.7 24 •••••••••••••• 1.6 2.4 .9 .8 1.3 .85 4.1 3.5 2.4 25 •.•••••••.•••. 1.5 2.5 .ps .7 1.2 .76 4.6 3.2 5.5 

26 .•••••••.••••. 1. 7 2.6 :~5 .9 .8 .95 6.2 2.9 7.4 27 ..•••••.••.•. 0 1.9 2.4 .9 .65 !. 09 6.5 2.9 8.3 28 •••••••••••••• 2. 7 2.2 • 75 .8 .85 .85 7.2 3. 0 10.0 29 ..•.•......•.. 2. 6 2.2 . 73 .9 -······ !.55 10.1 3. 9 9. 9 30 .•.•.......... 2.6 2.3 .6 .95 ·--···· 2. 6 10.7 5.0 8.8 31. •••••..... 0. 0 2.4 ------- T .9 ....... 2.8 ------- 4.2 -------

NoTE.-Discharge relation affecte~ by ice about Dec. 1, 1913, to Mar. 22, 1914. 

97825° -WSP 385-15--9 

July. Aug. Sept. 

------ 7.5 1.47 2.05 6.3 1.5 2.4 5.4 1.49 2.5 4.9 1. 05 2.55 4.1 1.09 2.35 

3.5 1. 05 2.6 3.1 .98 2.25 2.6 .99 2.05 2.6 .90 1.9 2.25 .93 1. 75 

2.05 .89 1.8 2.35 .82 2.0 4.1 .92 2.1 4.1 1. 03 2.5 3. 7 1.17 3.6 

3.4 1.25 4. 7 3.2 1. 39 4.9 2.3 1.50 4.5 2.2 1. 45 4.1 2.1 2.0 3.6 

1. 75 2.0 3.4 1.85 1. 95 2.95 1.6 2.25 3.4 !. 55 3. 7 4.0 1.55 4.0 3.8 

1.9 3. 7 3.3 1.8 3.1 3. 2 1.6 2.6 3. 0 2.1 2.25 2. 6 !. 85 2.1 2.25 1.7 2.05 -·-·--· 
130 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., for the year end~ng Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. 

I~ Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-------------

1. ............. 4,200 5,480 ------- ····-·· -----·· . ...... 6, 700 30,400 9, 720 21,800 3,400 4,830 2 ••••••••••••.. Ngg 6 280 ------- ------- ······· -······ 6,840 2a,3oo 7,400 17,600 3,470 5,740 3 .•.....•.•.... 5; 740 ··--··· ------- ---···- ------- 6,840 21,800 6,560 14,700 3,450 6,010 4 .....•....•... 3;710 3,950 ------- ---···· ······· . ...... 6,840 19,000 16,600 13,100 2,4~0 6,140 

5 .............. 3, 710 3; 710 ------· ------- -·----- -----·- 6, 700 16,900 29, 70!> 10,600 2,530 5,610 

6 •••• : •••.••••. 4,450 4,450 ------- ------· ------- ....... 5,880 15,3'()0 26,700 8,8W 2,440 6,280 7 .....•.....•.. 5,220 4,450 ------- ·------ -----·· ······· 5,220 14,700 21,800 7,690 2,300 5,350 8 ........•.•... 6,560 4,450 ------· ·------ ······· ------- 4,950 13,100 17,300 6,280 2,320 4,830 9 ........ : ..... 6,280 4,960 ------· ------- ------- ··-···· 4, 700 12,200 14,000 6,280 2,1:0 4,450 10 ......•....... 5,480 4,960 ------- ------- -----·· ------- 3,830 11,200 10,000 5,350 2,190 4,080 

11 .•............ 5, 740 4,450 ------· ------- ----··· ······· 4,080 10,000 8,850 4,830 2,110 4,200 12 ......•.•..... 6,280 4,450 ------- ------- ------- ------- 4,080 9, 720 6,420 5,610 1,980 4,700 13 .... : . ........ 7,120 4,450 ·------ ------- ------- ---···· 4,200 9,140 5,350 10,600 2,170 4,960 14 .•••.•.•.•••.. 6,280 4,450 ------- ······- -----·· ------· 4,580 8,270 4, 700 10, coo 2,400 6,010 

15 ...... '· ...... 4, 700 4,200 ------- ······· ------- ------- 5,480 7,260 5,480 9,430 2, 700 9,140 

16 .••..••••...•. 4,960 3, 710 ·------ -----·- ------- ---···· 6,840 6, 700 5,220 8,560 2,880 12,500 17 ..•.•.•.•••... 5,220 3,950 ------- ·····-- ---···· ··-···· 7,690 6,280 5,090 7, 980 3, 210 13,100 18 ..........•.•• 3,950 3,950 ··-···· ·------ ------- ······- 9,430 5,880 4,080 5,480 3,470 11,800 

19 .............• 3,950 3, 710 10,300 5,350 4,080 5,220 3,350 10,600 20 .............. 3, 710 3,000 13,400 4,580 3,830 4,960 4,700 9,140 

21. ...•......... 3, 710 3, 710 ------- ------- ------- ------- 12,800 5,090 4,580. 4,080 4, 700 8,560 22 .......•...... 3,950 4,950 ------- ---···· 12,800 6, 700 4,320 4,320 4,£80 7,260 23 ...•.......... 3, 710 5, 740 ------- ------- ··-···· 1,850 11,WO 8,850 3,9W 3, 710 5,350 8,560 24 .............. 3, 710 5, 740 ------- ------- ----··· 2,040 10,600 8,850 5, 740 3,£90 9,430 10,300 25 .............. 3,470 6,010 ·------ ······· ----··· 1,870 12,200 7,980 15,000 3,590 10,300 9, 720 

26 .............. 3,950 6,280 ----··· ------- ··--··· 2,240 17,300 7,120 21,500 4,450 9,430 8,270 27 .• , ...•..... :. 4,450 5, 740 ······· -·-···· ······· 2,530 18, 300 7' 120 24, 800 4,200 7,690 7,980 

28 .•.•.........• 6,560 5,220 ····--- ··---·- ------- 2,040 20,800 7,400 131,200 3, 710 6,280 7,400 

29 .•............ 6,280 5,220 ------- ·------ ---···· 3,590 31,600 10,000 30,800 4,960 5,350 6,280 30 .............. 6,280 5,480 ··----· ---···· ------- 6,280 ~~:~~- ~~;~~· ~:~~- 4,320 4,960 5,350 31. ............. 5, 740 ------- ------· ---·--- ··----- 6,-840 3,950 4,830 

NOTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 1,940 and 23,700 second· 

feet (gage heights 0.8 and 8.0 feet). 

Discharge e;timated, because oi ICe, from gage heights, observer's notes discharge measurements, and 

climatic records, as follows: Dec. 1-10, 1913, 6,160 second-feet; Dec. 11-20, 2,800 second-feet; Dec. 21-31, 

1913,1,700 second-feet; Jan. 1-10, 1,690 second-feet; Jan. 11-20, 1,590 second-feet; Jan. 21-31, 1,850 secondfeet; Feb. 1-10, 1,920 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 1,580 second-feet; Feb. 21-28, 1,630 second-feet; Mar. 1-10, 

1,700 second-feet; and Mar. 11-22, 1914, 1,680 se3ond-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls. Wis. ,for the year ending Sept. 

\. 30, 1914-. 

Discharge In second-feet. 

Month. r----.,.----~---IAOOU· racy. Maximum. Minimum. 

~~:~:.-: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ...... ~: ~~- ...... ~:~. January ............................................................................... . 

··~::::::::: : : :::···mm:!.i 

Theyear ................................................. ~900 I············ 

Mean. 

4,890 B. 

4, 760 B. 3,490 c. 

1, 710 D. 1, 720 D. 2,140 c. 10,300 A. 11,200 A. 

12,700 A. 

7,430 A. 

4,150 B. 7,300 A. 

5,990 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 131 

WEST FORK OF CHIPPE~ A RIVER AT LESSARDS, NEAR WINTER, WIS. 

Location.-At Lessards, about 1 mile above mouth of East Fork, coming in from the 

right, and 8 miles by ro!d northwest of the post office of Winter. 

Records available.-Dece ber 22, 1911, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-485 squar miles. 

Gage.-Metal staff attached to log boom on right bank of river, installed January 27, 

1914; zero 3.75 feet bel~w zero of wooden staff gage, maintained December 22, 

1911, to January 27, 19 4. Prior to January 27, 1914, the gage was read once 

daily to nearest half in h; after this date, once daily to nearest half-tenths of a 

foot. Limits of use: Half-tenths below 6.5 feet and tenths above 6.5 feet. 

Channel and control.-Heavy gravel; not likely to shift. 

Winter flow.-Discharge r~lation affected by ice; flow determined by discharge 

measurements made thr~ugh the ice. 

Regulation.-No dams used for storing water are now in operation above station. 

Accuracy.-Records good etcept during the summer of 1914, when logs lodged on the · 

control and caused back!Water at the gage. Estimates of flow during this period 

based on three measurerjlents made May 3, June 8, and September 16, 1914. 

Cooperation.-Records December 22, 1911, to January 27, 1914, furnished through 

the courtesy of the Chip~ewa & Flambeau Improvement Co., which has also paid 

the gage reader to date. : 

I 

I 

Discharge measurements of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, Wis., 

during the years ending Sept. 30, 1912-1914. 

Date. 

1911-12. 

Oct. 21 Feb. 23 Apr. 19 

July 8 

1912-13. 

May 4 July 7 

1913-14. 

Dec. 5 

I_ 

Made by- laage Dis- Date. Made by- height. cha,·ge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. 1914. 

C. B. Stewart .......... 5.92 a 700 Jan. 28 H. C. Beckman ........ J. C. Cutler ............ 5.67 b 127 Mar. 7 0. A. Steller ........... ..... do ................. 6.04 782 May 3 M. F. Rather .......... C. B. Stewart. ......... 4.92 193 3 ..... do ................. June 8 ..... do ................. Sept. 16 ..... do ................. C. B. Stewart .......... I 6.23 1,040 ..... do ................. 6.12 862 

Stewart and IToyt ....... 5.81 c 599 

a Velocity deterP,ined by means of rod floats. b Complete ice ~ver. c No ice; contra clear. d Complete ice .over at measuring section; partly open at control. • Complete ice cover at control. 

fLogs and brush on control. 

Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. 5.53 d 191 5. 75 e 143 6. 84 f 1, 310 6.83 f 1,340 6.10 f 719 6.17 /644 

NoTE.-Measurements from Oct.l!t, 1911, to July 7, 1913, made for Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. by and under direction of C. B. ~tewart, consulting engineer, Madison. Wis. 

! 
132 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY. 19141 PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, Wis., . for the years eruling Sept. 30, 1912-19U. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1n11-12. 1. ............. ······- ---···· -·····- 5.65 5.6 5. 7 5.85 6.1 5.75 5.25 4. 75 5.5 2 .............. ....... ---···· ....... 5.65 5.6 5. 7 5.65 6.0 5. 75 5.15 4.85 5.5 3 .............. -······ ----··· ---·--- 5.65 5.6 5. 7 5.65 6.1 5. 75 5.1 4.85 5.45 4 .............. ------- ······· ------- 5.65 5.6 5. 7 5.65 6.1 5. 75 5.1 4.9 5.4 5 .............. ....... ....... ······· 5.65 5.6 5. 7 5.7 6.15 5. 75 5.0 4.9 5.4 

6 .............. ------- ······· ....... 5.65 5.6 5.7 5. 7 6.15 5.9 5.0 5.0 5.5 7 .............. ······· ----··· ------- 5.65 5.65 5. 7 5.7 6.35 5.9 4.95 5.0 5.55 8 .............. ....... ----·-· ....... 1 5.65 5.65 5.7 5.7 6.6 5.9 4.95 5.1 5.55 9 .............. -----·· 5.65 5. 75 5.65 5.7 6.6 5.85 4.9 5.1 5.6 10 .............. 5.65 5. 75 5.65 5.75 6.6 5.85 4.9 5.1 5.65 

11 .............. ······- -----·- -----·· 5.6 5. 75 5.65 5.75 6.6 5.85 4.9 5.25 5.65 12 .............. ....... --·--·· ------- 5.6 5. 75 5. 7 6.0 6.6 5. 85 4.9 5.35 5.65 13 .............. ....... ----··· ----··· 5.6 5. 75 5. 7 6.1 6.4 .5.85 4.9 5. 7 5.6 14 .............. ---···- -----·· ----··· 5.6 5. 7 5.7 6.1 6.25 5.85 4.9 5. 7 5.55 15 .............. ---···· ····-·· ···---- 5.6 5.65 5. 7 6.25 6.1 5.9 1.8 5. 7 5.55 

16 .............. ------- ....... ------- 5.6 5.65 5.7 6.25 6.1 5.9 4.8 .5. 7 5.4 17 .............. ······· ....... ···-··· 5.6 5.65 5. 7 6.35 6.0 .5. 75 4.8 5. 75 5.4 18 .............. -----·· ···---- ·------ 5.6 5.65 5. 7 6.1 6.0 5. 75 4.8 5. 75 5.4 19 .............. ------· ------- ···---- 5.6 5.65 5. 7 6.0 6.0 5. 75 4. 75 5. 75 5.35 20 .............. -----·- ------· ·------ 5.6 5. 7 5. 7 6.0 6.0 5. 75 4. 75 5. 75 5.35 

21. ............. ----··· ....... ------- 5.6 5. 7 5. 7 6.0 5.9 5. 75 4. 75 5.85 5.35 22 .............. ---···· ------- 5.65 5.6 5.7 5. 7 6.1 5.9 5.65 4. 75 5.85 5.35 23 .............. ······· ....... 5. 7 5.6 5.65 5. 7 6.1 5.9 5.6 1.9 5. 75 5.3 24 .............. ·---··· ....... 5.65 5.65 5. 7 5. 7 6.1 5.85 5.6 4.9 5. 75 5.3 25 .............. ··-···- ....... 5. 65 5.65 5. 7 5. 7 6.0 5.85 5.5 4.9 5. 75 5.25 

26 .............. ....... ····-·- 5.65 5.65 5. 7 5. 7 6.0 5.85 5.5 5.1 5. 75 5.25 27 .............. ....... ······· 5.65 5.6 5. 7 5. 75 6.0 5.85 5.4 5.1 5. 7 5.25 28 .............. ······· ....... 5.65 5.6 5. 7 5. 75 6.0 5.85 5.35 5.0 5. 7 5.25 29 .............. ······· ····-·· 5.65 5.6 5. 7 5. 75 6.1 5.85 5.25 4.85 5. 65 5.25 30 .............. ······· ....... 5.65 5.6 ----·-- 5. 75 6.1 5.85 5.25 4.85 5.6 5.25 31. ............. ······· ·····-· 5.65 5.6 ....... 5. 75 -···-·· 5. 75 ....... 4. 75 5.6 ·····-· 

1912-13. 1. ............. 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.55 5. 7 6.15 6.35 6.35 5. 7 5.9 5.8 2 .............. 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.55 5. 7 6.15 6.25 6.35 5. 7 5.9 5.8 3 .............. 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.6 5. 7 6.2 6.25 6.35 5. 85 5.9 5.8 4 .............. 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.6 5. 75 6.2 6.25 6.4 6.0 5.9 5.8 5 .............. 5.2 5.0 5.25 5.6 5.6 5. 75 6.15 6.25 6. 4 6.1 5.85 5.8 

6 .............. 5.2 5.05 5.15 5.6 5.6 5. 75 6.15 6.15 6.6 6.1 5.85 5.8 7 .............. 5.2 5.05 5.1 5.6 5.6 5. 7 6.15 6.1 6.6 6.15 5. 75 5. 75 8 .............. 5.15 5.05 5.1 5.6 5.6 5. 7 6.15 6.0 6.6 6.1.5 5. 75 5.65 9 .............. 5.15 5.1 5.25 5.6 5.6 5. 7 6.15 6.0 6.8 6.25 5. 75 5.65 10 .............. 5.15 5.15 5.35 5.6 5.6 5. 7 6.15 5.9 6.8 6.25 5.65 5.65 

11 .............. 5.15 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.6 5. 7 6.2 5.85 6.8 6.35 5.55 5. 7 12 .............. 5.15 5.1 5.6 5.5 5.6 5. 75 6.2 5.85 6.6 6.35 5.55 5.6 13 .............. 5.15 5.05 5.6 5.5 5.6 5. 75 6.25 5. 75 6.6 6.35 5.55 5.6 14 .............. 5.15 5.05 5.5 5.5 5.55 5. 75 6.3 5.65 6.6 6.35 5.45 5.6 15 .............. 5.15 5.05 5.5 5.5 5.55 5.75 6.35 5.65 6.6 6.25 5.4 5.6 

16 .............. 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.6 5. 75 6.4 5.6 6.5 6.25 5.3 5.55 17 .............. 5.2 5.15 5.35 5.5 5.6 5. 75 6.45 5.6 6.5 6.25 5.3 5.55 18 .............. 5.2 5.15 5.35 5.5 5.6 5.85 6.6 5.6 6.4 6.35 5.3 5.55 19 .............. 5.2 5.15 5.35 5.5 5.6 5.85 6.6 5.65 6.35 6.3.5 5.4 5.45 20 .............. 5.2 5.15 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.85 6.7 5.75 6.25 6.35 5.5 5.45 

21. ............. 5.2 5.15 5.45 5.5 5.65 5.85 6.8 5.85 6.15 6.25 5.55 5.45 22 .............. 5.2 5.15 5.5 5.5 5.65 5.85 6.8 5.9 6.15 6.15 5.65 5.45 23 .............. 5.2 5.15 5.55 5.5 5.65 5.85 6.8 6.05 6.1 6.1 5.85 5.45 24 .............. 5.25 5.15 5.6 5.5 5. 7 5. 75 6.8 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.05 5.4 25 .............. 5.25 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.7 5. 75 6.·8 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.5 

26 .............. 5.25 5.25 5.6 5.5 5. 7 5.85 6.8 6.15 5.85 6.0 5.95 5.55 27 .............. 5.25 5.25 5.6 5.5 5. 7 5.85 6.6 6.15 5. 75 6.0 5.95 5.6 28 .............. 5.25 5.25 5.6 5.5 5. 7 5.9 6.6 6. 25 5.65 6.0 5.9 5.65 29 .............. 5.25 5.2 5.6 5.5 ........ 5.95 6.5 6.25 5.6 6.0 5.85 5. 75 30 .............. 5.25 5.0 5.6 5.5 ....... 6.0 6.4 6.25 5.6 5.95 5.85 5. 75 31. ............. 5.2 ....... 5.6 5.5 ....... ....... ······· 6.35 ......... 5. 85 5.8 ........ 

1913-14. 1. ............. 5. 75 5. 75 5. 75 5.5 ........ 5.8 6.8 6.1 6.6 5.9 6.0 2 .............. 5. 75 5. 75 5.75 5.5 ........ 5. 7 5.2 6.8 6.1 6.6 5.85 6.0 3 .............. 5.75 5. 75 5.8 5.4 5. 7 5.2 6.8 6.1 6.5 5.85 6.1 4 .............. 5. 75 5. 75 5.8 5.4 6. 7 5. 7 5.25 6.8 6.1 6.45 5.85 6.1 

:; .............. 5. 75 (). 75 5.85 5-85 ti-7 5.7 5.25 Q.8 6.15 6.45 (i.85 6.1 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 133 

Daily gage height, in feet, of West ForTe of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, Wis., 

for the years ending Sept. 30, 1912-1914-Continued. • 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------------

1913-14. 6 .......•...... 5. 75 5.75 5.65 5.35 6. 7 5. 7 5.25 6.8 6.15 6. 45 5.85 6.1 

7 .............. 5.65 5. 75 5. 65 5.4 5.8 5. 7 5.25 6.8 6.15 6.35 5. 7 6.1 

8 .............. 5. 65 5. 75 5.65 5.4 5.8 5. 75 5.25 6.8 6.1 6.3 5. 7 6.1 

9 .............. 5. 75 5. 75 5.65 5.4 5. 5 5. 75 5.3 6. 7 6.15 6.2 5. 7 6.1 

10 ....•......... 5. 75 5. 75 5.65 5.4 5.65 5. 75 5.3 6. 7 6.25 6.2 5. 7 6.1 

11 .............. 5. 75 5. 75 5.65 5.5 5.6 5. 75 5.3 6. 7 6.0 6.3 5. 7 6.0 

12 .............. 5. 75 5. 75 5.65 5.35 5. 65 5. 75 5.3 6.6 5.9 6.3 5.65 6.0 

13 •............. 5.65 5. 75 5.65 5.35 5. 65 5.8 5.3 6.6 5. 8 6.2 5.65 0.1 

14 .............. 5.65 5. 75 5.5 5.35 5. 6 5. 85 5.3 6.3 5. 75 6.2 5.6 6.1 

15 .............. 5.65 5. 75 5.5 5.35 5. 7 5.85 5.4 6. 25 5. 75 6.2 5.6 6.1 

16 .............. 5.6 5. 75 5.5 5.35 5.65 5. 85 5.4 6.25 5. 7 6.2 5.6 6.1 5 

17 •.•.•......... 5.55 5. 75 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.85 5.45 6.25 5. 7 6.2 5.6 6.2 

18 .............. 5.6 5. 75 5.4 5.4 5. 65 5.9 5.5 6.2 5.65 6.2 5.65 6.2 

19 .............. 5. 65 5.65 5.4 5.4 5. 7 5.9 5.6 6.2 5. 7 6.15 5. 7 6.2 

20 .............. 5.65 5.65 5.4 5.4 ....... 5.8 5.6 6.1 5. 65 6.15 5.8 6.2 

21. ............. 5.65 5.65 5.4 5.35 5.65 5.8 5.65 5.9 5.6 6.15 5. 8 6.3 

22 .............. 5.5 5.65 5.4 5.35 5.65 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.65 6.15 5.8 6.3 

23 .............. 5.5 5.65 6.0 5.35 5.6 5.5 5. 8 5.9 5. 7 6.15 5.8 6.3 

24 .............. 5.5 5.65 5. 75 5.4 5. 7 5.4 5.9 5. 95 5. 75 6.15 5.8 6.3 

25 ...... ········ 5.5 5. 75 5.85 5.5 5. 7 5.4 5.95 6.0 5. 75 6.15 5.8 6.3 

26 .............. 5.5 5. 75 5.4 5.5 5. 7 5.5 6.0 6.1 5. 85 6.15 5.8 6.3 

27 ..•........... 5.6 5. 75 5. 6 5.6 5. 7 5.5 6.2 6.0 6.2 6.1 5.85 6.3 

28 .............. /i.65 5. 7 5. 75 5.55 5.8 5.5 6.4 6.0 6.3 6.1 5.85 6.3 

29 .............. 5. 75 5. 7 5.5 5.6 ....... 5.3 6. 7 6.1 6.5 6.1 5.85 6.3 

30 .............. 5. 75 5. 75 5.65 ··-···- ------- 5.3 6.8 6.1 6./i 6.1 6.1 6.3 

31. ............. 5. 75 ------- 5.4 ···---· ------- 5.3 ....... 6.1 ·------ 6.0 6.0 ........ 

--- NoTE.-Discharge relation probably affected by ice Dec. 22, 1911, to Mar. 31, 1912, Jan.1 to Mar. 31, 1913, 

and Dec. 23, 1913, to Apr. 5, 1914. 

Daily discharge, in secondjeet, of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, 

Wis. ,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1912-1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 1\Iar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

1911-12. 1. ......•.•.... ....... ....... ....... . ...... ------- ------· 632 840 562 300 156 415 

2 .............. ....... ....... ....... . ...... ------- ------- 500 750 562 262 178 415 

3 .............. ······· ·----·· ------- ....... ------- ······· 500 840 562 245 178 390 

4 .............. ....... ....... ....... ------- ------- ------- 500 840 562 245 190 365 

5 .............. ·-····· ....... ....... ····--· ------- ------- 530 892 562 215 190 365 

6 .............. ....... ....... . ...... ------- ---··-- ·--·--· 530 892 670 215 215 415 

7 .............. ------- ···-··- ------· ·-··-·· ······- ····--· 530 1,140 670 202 215 442 

8 .............. ···---- ------- ····--· -···-·· ---···· -----·- 530 1,580 670 202 245 442 

9 .•............ ···--·- ---·-·- ···-·-- ·-····· ---···· ·-····· 530 1,580 ll32 190 245 470 

10 .............. ······- ·-··-·- ----·-- ······- ---···· ....... 562 1,580 632 190 245 500 

11 .............. ····-·· ···-··· ....... ....... ·-·-··· ······- 562 1, 580 632 190 300 500 12 .............. ···---- ······- ···-··· ------- ····-·· ····--· 750 1,580 632 190 342 500 

13 .............. ------- ·····-· ·····-· ---·--- -·····- ....... 840 1,220 632 190 530 470 

14 .............. ····-·· ------- ·····-· ·--·-·- ······· ....... 840 1,010 632 190 530 442 

15 ........•.••.. ····-·- ------- ·····-· ······- ·-·-··· ....... 1,010 840 670 167 530 442 

16 ... ··········· ........ ····-·· ······· ....... ........ ........ 1,010 840 670 167 530 365 

17 .••••••••••••• -······ ·····-· ....... .......... ······· ....... 1,140 750 562 167 562 365 

18 .............. ::::::r::::: ····-·· ······· ······· ···---· 840 750 562 167 562 365 

19 .............. ....... ······· -·····- ....... 750 750 562 156 562 342 

20 .....•........ ······· ·····-· ······· ....... 750 750 562 156 562 342 

21. .•........... --····· -···-·· ........ ....... ........ ···-··· 750 670 562 156 632 342 

22 .............. --····· ······· ······· ······· ······· ·····-· 840 670 500 156 632 342 

23 .•••.•..•.•.•• -······ -······ ······· ....... ···-··- ······· 840 670 470 190 562 320 

24 .............. --····- ······· ....... ....... ······- ----·-- 840 632 470 190 562 320 

25 ..•........... -······ ------- ······- ....... ------- ······· 750 632 415 190 562 300 

26 .............. ........ ....... -······ ........ ......... ........ 750 632 415 245 562 300 

27 ......... ····· ····-·· ....... ······· ....... ---···· -·····- 750 632 365 245 530 300 

28 .••••.••••.•.• ....... ........ ....... ....... ······· -----·· 750 632 342 215 530 300 

29 •••••••••••••. ........ ·······j······· . ...... ······· ······· 840 632 300 178 500 300 

30 .............. ···-··· ·····-· ····--· :::::::!::::::: 840 632 300 178 470 300 

31. •••••••••••.. ,::::::: ······· ....... ....... ······· 562 156 470 ..... ,.-. 
184 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, • Wis. ,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1912-1914-Continued. · 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. _Mar. 

1912-13. 

1. 0 00 •• -·- 0 0 0 0- 280 215 280 ····--- ·····-· ·-····· 2 ••••.•.•••..•. 280 215 280 ------- ·------ ······- 3 .•.••••••....• 280 215 280 ---·--- ....... -----·- 4 .•••.••..•.••. 280 215 280 ---·--- ····--- ······· 5.·--·--·-····- 280 215 300 ....... ---···· ······-

6-·--·------·-- 280 230 262 ······· ·-····· ······· 1-·--·-·----·-- 280 230 245 -·----- -----·- ------- 8-·--·-·-·--·-- 262 230 245 -······ -----·- ------- 9-·--·-·----·-- 262 245 300 ------- ---·-·- -······ 10 ••..••• _______ 262 262 342 ······- ---·-·· --····· 

11 •••••.•..•.••• 262 245 365 ···--·- --····· ------- 12 ••.••••.•.•••. 262 245 470 ······· ······· ·····-· 13 •••••.•.•..•.. 262 230 470 ······· ······· ···-··· 14.·-··-·-·----- 262 230 415 ······· ······· ······· 15 •••.••• _______ 2a2 230 415 -······ -······ ···-··· 

16 •.•.•••••..•.. 280 245 365 ······· ····-·· ....... 17.·-·-····-·-·- 280 262 342 ....... ····--- --····· 18 •••..••••••..• 280 262 342 ······· ······· ------- 19 •••..•.•..•••. 280 262 342 ·-····· -·-···· ....... 20 ••••.•.•.••.•• 280 262 365 ······· -···-·· --····· 

21.0 0 0---0 0 0 0 -· 0 280 262 390 ·--·-·· ······· -·-···· 22 •••••.•••••••• 280 262 415 ·------ ---·--· ....... 23 •••..•••.•. : •. 280 262 442 ------- ····-·· ....... 24·---·--·-·-··- 300 262 470 -·-···· ·····-· ....... 25 •••.•.•••••••• 300 280 470 ······· ·-·-··· ....... 

26 •. ·--··-·--·-- 300 300 470 ···-··· ······· ------- 27 •.• ·-····-·--- 300 300 470 ······- ····-·· ....... 28 .•.•.•.•.....• 300 300 470 ---···· ····-·· ------- 29 .•.••••.•.•..• 300 280 470 ·····-· ------- ....... 30 •.•.•.•.•••..• 300 215 470 ....... ······· ....... 3L .••..•.•.•..• 280 ....... 470 ·-····· ....... . ...... 

1913-14. 

L ••• ·-·---·--- 562 562 562 --·-··· ······· ······· 2 .••••.•.•...•. 562 562 562 ·------ ....... ------- 3 •.•.........•. 562 562 595 ·-····· ....... ....... 4 .••. ·-·----·-- 562 562 595 ------- ····-·· ·------ 5 ••.•.....••..• 562 562 632 ··-···· ··-···· ----··· 

6 .••.•.•.•....• 562 562 500 ·------~------- ······· 7 .••.•..•.•.••. 500 562 500 ······- ······· ....... 8-·---·-······· 500 562 500 -----·- ------- ------- 9-·-··--·-·-·-· 562 562 500 ....... ····--- ······· 10 ••••......•..• 562 562 500 ....... ······- ·-····· 

11 .............. 562 562 500 ····-·· ······· ······· 12 •.•• : •.•.•.••• 562 562 500 ······· ······· ······· 13 •....•.••.•..• 500 562 500 ······· ······· --····· 14 •••••••••••••• 500 562 415 ······· ....... ····-·- 15 .••..•..•...•• 500 562 415 ....... ....... . ...... 

16-·---·---·-··- 470 562 415 ······· ....... ······· 17.0-0 •• -0- ·- ··- 442 562 415 ........ ........ ······· 18.0 -·--- 0-0-0 00 470 562 365 ······· ....... ........ 19 .••.•.••. -··-· 500 500 365 ........ ....... ······· 20 •••.•.•..•.•.. 500 500 365 ······· ····-·· ······· 

21. .. --·-······· 500 500 3il5 ······· ······· ······- 22 •••••••••••••• 415 500 365 ······· ······· ······· 23 •••••.••.•.•.. 415 500 ........ ........ ........ ·····-- 24 •••.••.•.••••. 415 500 ······· ······· ······· ......... 25 •••••• ·-······ 415 562 .......... .......... ........ ........ 

26 ••.•.•.••••••• 415 562 ........ ....... ....... . ....... 27 •••.••••.••••• 470 562 ......... ....... ······- . ....... 28 •.••••••••.••• 500 530 ....... ....... ····-·- ......... 29 •••.•••••••••. 562 530 ........ ........ ····-·· .. ........ 30 ......•..•.... 562 562 ....... ......... ....... . ........ 31. •...•.••••..• 562 . ~ ....... ........ ······· ....... ........ 

Apr. May. June. 

892 1,140 1,140 892 1,010 1,140 945 1,010 1,140 

945 1,010 1,220 892 1,010 1,220 

892 892 1,580 892 840 1,580 892 750 1,580 892 750 1,960 892 670 1,960 

945 632 1,960 945 632 1,580 

1,010 562 1,580 

1,070 500 1,580 

1,140 500 1,580 

1,220 470 1,400 

1,310 470 1,400 

1,580 470 1,220 

1,580 500 1,140 

1, 770 562 1,010 

1,960 632 892 

1,960 670 892 

1,960 795 840 1,960 840 750 

1,960 840 670 

1,960 892 632 

1,580 892 562 

1,580 1,010 500 

1,400 1,010 470 

1,220 1,010 470 

······· 1,140 ······· 

------- 1,260 720 

------- 1,260 720 ........ 1,260 720 

····-·· 1,260 720 

······· 1,260 765 

300 1,260 765 300 1,260 765 300 1,260 720 320 1,100 765 320 1,100 865 

320 1,100 630 320 960 560 320 960 495 

320 920 468 365 86S 468 

365 865 440 390 865 440 415 810 412 470 810 440 470 720 412 

500 560 385 470 560 412 595 560 440 670 -595 468 710 630 468 

750 720 528 

760 630 810 760 630 920 1,100 720 1,180 

1,260 720 1,180 . ...... 720 . ....... 

July. I Aug. 

530 670 530 670 632 670 750 670 840 632 

840 632 892 562 892 562 

1,010 562 

1,010 500 

1,140 442 1,140 442 1,140 442 1,140 390 

1,010 365 

1,010 320 1,010 320 1,140 320 1,140 365 1,140 415 

1,010 442 

892 500 

840 632 840 795 750 750 

750 710 

~~ 710 

670 750 632 

710 632 632 595 

1,120 470 

1,~ 445 

445 

930 445 

930 445 

930 445 820 370 770 370 680 370 680 370 

770 370 770 345 

680 345 680 320 680 320 

680 320 680 320 680 345 640 370 640 420 

640 420 640 420 640 420 640 420 640 420 

640 420 600 445 

600 445 

600 445 

600 600 

530 530 

Sept. 

59 5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

59 

59 

59 

59 

59 5 

56 2 

500 

500 

500 

53 0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

47 

4i' 

47 

47 

44 2 

2 

2 

0 

90 

44 

44 

30 

3 

3 

39 

90 

0 

90 

5 

5 

3 

36 

41 

44 2 

47 0 

500 2 

2 56 

56 

------

53 0 

0 

00 

53 

6 

600 

6 00 

6 

6 

00 

600 

600 

00 

600 

53 0 

0 

0 53 

60 

600 

600 

6 

6 

6 

40 

80 

80 

6 80 

680 

77 0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

77 

77 

77 

77 

77 0 

0 

0 

70 

0 

77 

n 

7 

77 . ........ 

NOTE.-Daily disc:mcge Apr. 1, 1912, to Apr. 23, 1914, com-puted from a rating curve ,-ell defuted bet-een 190 and 1,220 second-feet (gage heights, 4.9 and 6.4 feet). Daity discharge, Apr. 27 to Sept. 30, 1914, estimated, on account of log jams, from discharge measurements mlde on May 3, June 8, and Sept. 16, 1914. Discnarge estim'ltei because of ice, from p~e heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements and 

cllmatlc records as foilo-vs: Dec. Zl-31, 1913, 240 second feet; Jan. 1-31, 230 second-feet; Feb. 1-10, 17• llec011d·feet; Feb.ll-201 1_34 second-feet; Feb. 21-28, 135 second-f4!.e.!i :Mar. 1-10, l.S lleCOIId·feet; Kat, 11-20, 

1711800111Weet; Mar, 2MII, 2211t00nd·teet; 6114 A.prli 11, 1e1•, ~~~ NOOA44el$, · 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 135 

Monthly discharge of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, Wis.,jor the 

years ending Sept. 30, 1912-1914. 

[Drainage area, 485 square miles.] 

Month. 

1911-12. 

April ................................... . May ................................... . June ................................... . July ................................... . August ................................ -. September ............................. . 

1912-13. 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

1,140 

1,580 670 

300 

632 

500 

500 

562 

300 

156 

156 

300 

726 

903 

545 

197 

422 

383 

1.50 

1. 86 1.12 

. 406 

.870 

. 790 

Run-off 

~~E!~ ~~ Accudrainage racy· 

area). 

1.67 A. 2.14 A. 1.25 B. .47 B. 1.00 B. .88 B. 

October.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 2C2 280 . 577 . 67 B. 

November.............................. 300 215 249 .513 .57 B. 

December............................... 470 245 378 .779 .90 C. 

Janual-y ........................................................................... _ ...... __ .... . February ....................................... -.................... ----- . ---- .. -- ..... -.---- ·· March ........................................ , .................................................. . ApriL.................................. 1,960 892 1,300 2.68 2.99 B. 

May.................................... 1,140 470 778 1.60 1.84 B. 

June.................................... 1,960 470 1,190 2.45 2.73 B. 

July.................................... 1,140 530 891 1.84 2.12 A. 

August.................................. 795 320 549 1.13 1. 30 A. 

September.............................. 595 365 488 1.01 1.13 A. 

1913-14. 

October................................. 562 415 508 1.05 1.21 B. 

November.............................. 562 500 547 1.13 1.26 A. 

December............................... 632 ............ 406 . 837 .96 c . 

January.......................................................... 230 February....................................................... 149 

March........ .......................... ............ ............ 180 

. 474 . 55 c . .307 • 32 D . .371 . 43 c . 

April.................................... 1,2CO ............ 474 May.................................... 1,2W 5CO 910 

June.................................... 1,180 3'85 636 July.................................... 1,120 530 730 August.................................. 600 320 408 September.... .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . 770 530 659 

.977 1.09 c. 1. 88 2.17 c. 1. 31 1. 46 c. 1.51 1. 74 c. . 841 . 97 c . 1.36 1 52 c. 

Theyear .......................... = 1,260 1-:--:-.. o.:-:-.. ~~ 4881 1.01 I 13.68 

FLAMBEAU RIVli!lR NEAR BUTTERNUT, WIS. 

Location.-About 6 miles east of Butternut, Wis., and 7 miles upstream from Park 

Falls, Wis. 

Records available.-July 30 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-660 square rnileil. 

Gage.-Vertical cast-iron staff gage attached to posts driven into the right bank of 

river; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Lilnits of use: Hundredths below 3.0 feet, half-tenths between 3.0 and 4.0 feet, and tenths above 4.0 

feet. 

Channel and control.-Head of Schultz Rapids about 1, 700 feet below the gage 

is the control; probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from a cable about 1,500 feet downstream from 

the gage. 

Winter fl.ow.-Discharge relation affected by ice during the winter months. 

Regulation.--Flow at station controlled by storage in reservoirs of the Chippewa & 

Flambeau Improvement Co, of which the one at Rest Lake is the largest. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 
136 SURFACE WATlilR SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Discharge measurements of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gal(e Disheight. charge. 

-----1---------------------------------~--------------

July 30 H. C. Beckman ......................................................... .. Sept. 17 M. F. Rather ............................................................ . 

a Measurement made from boat. 

Feet. 

2.68 

3.68 

Sec . .ft. 

a730 

1,210 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Mathilda Schultz, observer.) 

Day. July. Aug. Sept. I Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. 

----1------- -----1---------1-----1--------

1 ............ ...... 2.62 3.15 11 ............ . ..... 3.1 2.80 21. ........... ···-·· 3.2 3.5 2 ............ ····-· 2.50 3.15 12 ............ ------ 3.1 2.82 22 ............ -·---- 3.1 3.85 3 ............ ····-· 2.38 3.1 13 ............ ---·-- 3 .. 25 2.81 23 ............ ····-· 3.25 3. 7 4 ............ ...... 2.36 3.1 14 ............ ------ 3.25 3.0 24 ............ ------ 3.35 3. 7 5 ............ ···--· 2.36 3.1 15 ............ ...... 3.15 3.45 25 ............ -····· 3.3 3.6 

6 ............ ...... 2.26 3.05 16 ............ ··-··· 3.3 3.5 26 ............ -····· 3.3 3.55 

7 ............ ...... 2.26 3.05 17 ............ ·-···· 3.4 3. 7 27 ............ . ..... 3.35 3.45 8 ............ ------ 2.18 2.92 18 ............ ------ 3.45 3. 7 28 ............ ····-· 3.2 3.35 

9 ............ -----· 2.10 2.86 19 ............ ·-···· 3.35 3. 7 29 ............ '2: 7i. 3.15 3.3 

10 ............ -···-· 2.88 2. 70 20 ............ -----· 3.2 3.6 30 ............ 2.99 3.1 31. ........... 2. 73 2.92 

FLAMBEAU RIVER NEAR LADYSMITH, WIS. 

Location.-At H. J. Cornelissen's farm about 6 miles by road northeast of Ladysmith, 

20 miles above the mouth of the river and 19 miles below the mouth of Dore 

Flambeau River, coming in from the right. 

Records available.-January 2 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-1,940 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain, fastened to a cantilever arm supported by two trees on the left bank 

of the river on the farm of H. J. Cornelissen. Gage read daily, morning and 

afternoon, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 4.0 feet, halftenths between 4.0 and 5.0 feet, and tenths above 5.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-Heavy gravel and rock; probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from a car and cable across the river about 200 

feet below the gage. 

Winter flow .-Discharge relation affected by ice; estimates of flow based on discharge 

· measurements made through the ice. 

Regulation.-The Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. operates storage reservoirs on Rest Lake; also smaller reservoirs on Manitowish and Turtle rivers 

and Bear Creek. Weekly fluctuations at the gage, are caused by tjle operation of 

power plants at Park Falls and by the storage reservoirs; no daily fluctuation 

has been observed. 

Accuracy.-Gage-height records reliable. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 137 

Di&charge measurements of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. height. charge. 

--- ---

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feb. 16 Hoyt and Canfield .••.. 5.0 a 836 Apr. 13 G. H. Canfield ......... 5.18 c 1, 350 16 ..... do ................. 5.0 b 752 July 13 H. C. Beckman ........ 3.38 2,100 

Mar. 10 0. A. Steller ........... 4.56 b 594 Sept. 12 .. ... do ................. 3.33 2,090 

a Mea•urement made under complete ice cover about one-fourth mile below paper mill at Ladysmith. b Measurement made under complete ic> cover about 2 miles below gage. c Measurement made at gage section under complete ice cover. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

[H. J. Cornelissen, observer.] 

Da~. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------------------

!. .......................... 5.2 4.5 5.4 6.9 3.90 5.6 2.80 3.32 2 ........................... 5.3 5.4 4.9 5.4 6.2 3.58 5.2 2.61 3.51 3 ........................... 5.6 4.8 4. 7 5.5 6.1 3.35 5.1 2.61 3. 70 4 ........................... 5.6 5.4 4.85 5.5 5.6 4.2 4.8 2.59 3. 68 5 ........................... 5.2 5.2 4.85 5.4 5.3 4.15 4.4 2.40 3.55 

6 ........................... 5.2 5.2 4.8 5.4 5.2 4.35 4.3 2.32 3.46 7 ........................... 5.0 4. 9 4.9 5.2 4.8 4. 0 4.2 2.35 3.38 8 ........................... 5. 5 5.0 4.8 5.2 4.85' 3.90 3. 44 2.41 3.29 9 ........................... 5.5 5.4 5.0 5.0 4.85 3.62 3.22 2.29 3.18 10 ........................... 5.3 4. 7 4.6 5.0 4.9 3.40 3.11 2.34 3.05 

11. .......................... 5.3 5.0 4.3 4.90 4. 7 3.16 2.99 2.39 3 i6 12 ........................... 5.0 5.1 5.0 4. 75 4.65 2.90 2.96 2. 72 3.30 13 ........................... 4. 7 4.95 5.1 5.0 4.65 2. 78 3.42 2.95 3. 42 14 ........................... 5.3 5.0 4. 7 4.9 4.5 I 2.68 3.65 3.00 3.51 15 ........................... 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.4 4.4 2.60 3. 76 3.09 3.90 

16 ........................... 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.5 4.5 

I 

2. 70 3. 74 3.18 4. 4 17 ........................... 5.0 4.6 4.85 4. 75 4.5 2.46 3.63 3.22 4.45 18 ........................... 5.3 4. 75 5.0 3.85 4.5 2.50 3.38 3.30 4. 7 19 ........................... 5.4 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.2 2.56 3.28 3.16 4.65 20 ........................... 5.3 4.9 5.2 4.3 4. 7 2. 70 3.15 3. 72 4.25 

21. .......................... 4.85 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.35 2.60 3.04 3. 70 4.15 22 ........................... 5.4 4.85 4.8 4.5 4.4 2.44 2.94 3.50 4.05 23 ........................... 5.1 5.0 4. 75 4.0 3.55 2.54 2.86 3.56 4.4 24 ........................... 5.1 4.4 4.5 3. 95 3.46 3.44 2.81 3.86 4.4 25 ........................... 5.0 4.8 4.95 4. 7 3.48 5.0 3.29 4.05 4.3 

26 ........................... 5.2 5.1 4.9 4. 85 3.38 5.4 2. 95 3. 89 4.05 27 ........................... 5.2 4. 75 4. 8 5. 3 3.22 5. 7 3. 22 3. 78 3.89 28 ........................... 5.0 5.0 4.9 6.3 3.20 6.0 3.08 3.69 3. 72 29 ........................... 5.4 ·······- 5.0 7.8 4. 7 5.9 2.94 3.54 3.64 30 ........................... 5.4 . ....... 5.2 7.6 4. 4 5. 7 2.82 3.48 3.40 31. ......................... .- 5. 4 -------- 5.2 ····---- 4.05 ....... ---·-··· 3.34 -------

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Jan. 2 to Apr. 17. 

EAU CLAIRE RIVER NEAR AUGUSTA, WIS. 

Location.-At Trouble Water bridge, about 7 miles northeast of Augusta. South 

Fork of Eau Claire River enters from the left about 4 miles above the station. 

Records available.-July 16 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-500 square miles. 

Gage.-Standard gage on downstream side of Trouble Water bridge, read daily in the 

morning to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 2.0 feet, half-tenths 

between 2.0 and 3.0 feet, and tenths above 3.0 feet. 

Channel and control.-Channel consists of sand; control, rock and sand; probably 

shifting. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 
138 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Disclui:rge meaaurements of Eat~ Claire River near Augusta, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage 

height. Discharge. 

July 16 H. C. Beckman •.....•...•..•••••.••••••••••••.••.....•.........•......••. Sept.19 M. F. Rather .•...•••.......•.•.•..•.•••..•.•..•.................. · .....••• 

Feet. 

1. 75 

3.20 

Sec.-ft. 451 

1,000 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914-. 

[Albert Wagner, observer.) 

Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----l--·1----ll-----1·--l------11·-----l------

1. ••••••••••• ........ 0.60 0.68 11 .•.•••••.•.• . ....... 0.50 1.65 21. .•.•....... 0.85 0.90 1.90 

2 ..•••••••••• ......... .60 . 85 12 ••••••••.••. .. ...... .48 1. 98 22 ..•.•..•..•. .80 .90 2.0 

3 •••••••••••• ......... .60 . 85 13 ••.•.• 00 •••• .. ........ .45 1.80 23 ...•........ .85 1.10 2.9 

4 •••••••••••• ........ • 58 0 75 14 •••••••••••• ·····- .45 2.3 24 .•...•.•.... .90 1. 20 2.5 6 •••••••••••• ........ • 55 0 78 15 .••••••••••. ·····- .40 4.8 25 .•...•...... .82 1.10 2.3 

6 •••••••••••• .......... .50 3.3 16 .••••••••... 1. 75 .45 6.1 26 .••......... 0 75 .90 1.95 7 •••••••••••. .......... .50 3.1 17 •••••••••••• 1. 50 .85 4.5 27 ••.......... 0 70 .80 1.60 

8 •••••.•..... ............ .50 2.0 18 ••••••.•.... 1.22 .90 4.2 28 ............ . 70 0 75 1. 40 

9 •••••••••••• ........... .50 1.50 19 ••••••••.... 1.08 1.10 3.2 29 .•.......... .65 .68 1.28 10 ••••••••..•. ........... .50 1.30 20 •••••••.•••. .85 1.05 2.5 30 ............ .65 .60 1.15 

31. ........... .65 .55 

EAU CLAIRE RIVER AT EAU CLAIRE, WIS. 

Location.-At footbridge at old dam located about 1 mile above the mouth of the 

river near the McDonough Manufacturing Co., Eau Claire, Wis. 

Records available.-December 27, 1913, to July 17, 1914. (See Eau Claire River 

near Augusta.) 

Drainage area.-873 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to downstream railing of footbridge; read daily, morning 

and evening, to half-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 1.5 feet, halftenths between 1.5 and 2.5 feet, and tenths above 2.5 feet. 

Channel and control.-A rock outcrop about 600 feet below the gage forms the 

control. 

Discharge measurements.-During low stages made from footbridge to which gage 

is attached; during medium and high stages from the Madison Street Bridge, onehalf mile below gage. 

Winter flow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; flow determined from discharge 

measurements made through the ice. 

Reglilation.-None .. 

Accuracy.-During high water in Chippewa River there was apparently backwater 

at the gage; records for such periods only approximate. 

Discharge measurements of Eau Claire River at Eau Claire, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Date. Made by- G~ Dis- Date. Made by- G~ DJs.. 

he" t. charge. he· t. charge. 

------ ---- Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

Dec. 27 G. H. Canfield ••••••.•. 1.27 a 198 Apr. 4 G. H. Canfield •••••••.. 1.75 1,260 

Jan. 26 0. A. Steller •••••••••.. 1.71 a 192 4 ....• do ••••••••••••••••• 1.72 1,300 Mar. 3 . ..•• do ••.•••.••••••.... 1.25 b 146 21 W. G. Hoyt ••••••••••.• 2.16 1,360 

10 G. H. Canfield ••••••..• 1.40 b 174 June 8 G. H. Canfield •••••••.. 4.62 5,880 

17 ....• do ••.••••••.•...... 1.89 <985 July 16 H. C. Beckman .••••••. 1.48 1,030 

a Control partly frozen over. ~ Complete ice cover. •loe llWI.f ogt, 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 139 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Eau Claire River at Eau Claire, Ww., for the year ending 

Sept. 90, 1914. 

(John McDonough, observer.) 

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. 

------------·1--------------

1.20 2.9 

1.21 2.1 

1.26 2.0 

1............................................. ........ 1.7 

2............................................. ........ 1.65 

3............................................. ........ 1.7 

4.6 1.7 2.8 

3.2 1.30 2.45 

2.3 1.28 2.1 

1.25 1.8 

1.35 1.7 

4............................................. ........ 1.55 

6............................................. ........ 1.48 

2.0 1.7 1.8 

l.6 3.4 1.40 

6............................................. ........ 1.36 1.46 1.42 

7 ..................................................... -------~ 1.49 1.32 

1.48 4.4 1.18 

1.35 4.6 .98 

8............................................. ........ ........ 1.45 1.20 

9............................................. ........ ........ 1.39 1.12 

1.22 "'4:6" .88 

1.18 .88 

10............................................. ........ ........ 1.40 1.12 1.05 .72 

11............................................. ........ ........ 1.32 1.02 1.02 .68 

12............................................. ........ ........ 1.45 1.10 

13.............................................. ........ ........ 1.52 1.12 

1.12 1.5 .76 

1.40 1.32 .98 

14............................................. ........ ........ 2.5 1.20 1.40 1.05 1.8 

15............................................. ........ ........ 3.4 1.28 1.18 1.02 1.9 

16............................................. ........ ........ 2.2 1.30 1.00 1.02 1.48 

17 .................................... :........ ........ ........ 1.95 1.38 .88 .92 

18............................................. ........ ........ 1.8 1.45 .78 .78 

19............................................. ........ ........ 2.3 1.6 .72 .75 

20 ................................. ~----------- ........ ........ 1.45 1.9 .50 .68 

21............................................. ........ ........ 1.30 2.2 .65 .82 

22............................................. ........ ........ 1.05 2.0 

23 ............................................. /........ ........ .86 1.86 

24............................................. ........ ........ .75 1.7 

.so 1.08 

2.3 1.5 

2.6 1. 42 25............................................. ........ ........ .82 2.0 2.0 1.65 

26............................................. 1.75 ........ .72 3.6 1.65 1.9 

27............................................. 1.7 ........ .68 3.0 3·2 2.6 

28............................................. ........ ........ .88 3.5 3.4 4.4 

29............................................. ........ ........ 1.6 3.4 3.0 5.0 

30 ......................... ~................... 2.0 ........ 2.9 4.8 2.7 3.8 31............................................. 1.86 ........ 3.3' 2.25 ............ ............ 

NOTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Mar. 25 and by backwater about Apr. 20 to May 5 and June 27 to July 2. See" Accuracy" in station description. 

Daily dwcharge, in secondfeet, of Eau Claire River at Eau Claire, Ww., for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. Mar. I Apr. May. June. July. Day. Mar. Apr. May. .June. July. 

1 ....... ........... 2,990 1,250 16 ....... . ........... 890 740 748 1,020 

2 ....... ............. 1, 770 890 --·i;77o .17 ....... . .......... 942 704 716 

3 ....... ........... 1,630 878 18 ....... . ............ 998 674 674 4 ....... ........... 1,370 1,250 1,3i0 19 ....... .. ............ 1,040 . 656 665 

5 ....... ............. 1,250 3,830 955 20 ....... 610 646 

6 ....... ........... 972 1.020 6,660 820 21 ....... .. ........ ............ 640 686 

7 ....... ............. 903 922 6,040 734 22 ....... .. ........... ............ 680 772 

8 ....... ........... 830 842 6,040 704 23 ....... .. ............ ............. 2,050 1,040 

9 ....... ........... 790 820 6,040 704 24 ....... .. .......... ........... 2,510 972 

10 ....... ............... 790 760 4,370 656 25 ....... .. ........... ............ 1,630 1,200 

11 ....... ......... 748 748 2, 710 646 26; ...... 656 1,200 1,600 

12 ....... ........... 780 790 1,040 665 27 ....... 646 3,490 .. .......... ................ 13 ....... ............ 790 955 903 734 28 ..... , .. 704 3,830 . .......... ............. 14 ....... ........... 830 955 760 1,370 ~:::::::: 1,140 3,150 ········ ........ 15 ....... ......... 878 820 748 1,600 2,990 2,670 . ........ ········ 31 ....... 3,660 1,980 .. ....... ......... 

NoTE.-Daily discharge ~mputed from a ratiug curve fairllf well defined between 955 and 6,040 secondfeet (gage heights, 1.4 and ... 6 feet). Mean discharge estimated. because of ice from gage heights, observer's 

notes, discharge measureiD!ents, and climatologic records, as f"llows: Jan. l-l5, 210 second feet; Jan. HH!l, 

190second-feet; Feb.1-28, l75second-feet; Mar.1-15,320 second-feet;·and Mar.16-25, 850second-feet. Discharge Apr. 20 to May 5 ~d June 27 to July 2, estimated because of backwater as follows: Apr. 20-30, 

2,100 second-feet; May 1..0J 2,100 second-feet; June 27-3'0, 3,900 second-feet; and JUiy 1-2,2,280 second feet. 
,.. 

140 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Monthly discharge of Eau Claire River at Eau Claire, Wi8., for the year ending Rept. SO, 

1914. 

[Drainage area, 873 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

k~1?.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

rJJ:-.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: ~g July 1-16................................ 2,280 646 

NOTE.-See footnote to table of dally discharge. 

200 

175 

745 

1,480 

1,500 

2,250 

1,140 

0.229 

• 200 

• 853 

1. 70 

1.72 

2.58 

1.31 

RED CEDAR RIVER NEAR COLFAX, WIS. 

Run-oft 

( degth in Accu-

~~ racy. 

area). 

0.26 c. 

.21 c . 

.98 c . 

1. 90 c. 

1.98 D. 

2.88 c. 

.78 c. 

Location.-At a highway bridge about 5 miles north of Colfax, Wis. Hay River 

enters from the right about 11 miles below and Trout Creek, also from the right, 

3t miles above the station. 

Records available.-March 19 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-1,100 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to the downstream side of bridge; read daily, morning 

and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Half-tenths below 1.0 foot, and 

tenths above 1.0 foot. 

Channel and control.-Control is a rock ledge; permanent. During summer months 

discharge relation is affected by growth of grass. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached. 

Winter :flow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; flow determined from measurements made through the ice. 

Regulation.-Storage reservoirs at headwaters control flow to some extent. Estimates of discharge in " Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off, depth in 

inches on drainage area " should be used with caution. 

Accuracy.~ Rating curve well defined; records probably excellent except for period 

from July 26 to September 30 when discharge relation is believed to have been 

affected by backwater due to grass in channel; discharge for this psriod determined 

by applying corrections to the open-water rating curve. 

Cooperation.-Gage reader at this station paid by the Wisconsin & Minnesota Light 

& Power Co. 

Di8charge mea8UTements of Red Cedar River at Colfax, Wi8., during the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- G~ D' I Date. Made by- Ga'ge Dishe t. cha~. height. charge. 

--- Feet Sec.-ft. Feet. 8ec • .:j't. 

Mar. 19 J. II. Canfield .......... 2.45 a1£~rg May 6 M. F. Rather .......... 1.99 986 

Apr. 6 ....• Do ................. 1. 70 June 5 ..... do ................. 4.90 4,300 

Apr. 21 W.G.Jioyt .......... ,. 2.60 1,580 Aug. 14 B. B. Soule.. ........... 1. 41 •597 

.. Very little ice In river. b Control clear of ice. • Grass growing In stream about a> feet from each ba.Dt. 
-

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIV.ER DRAINAGE BASIN. 141 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

[Andrew Lundegua)ll, observer.] 

Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------------1·------------~ 

1. ····························-·············· -------- 2.8 2.4 2.0 3. 8 1.7 1.6 2 ............................................ -------- 2.2 2.0 1.8 3.0 1.6 1.7 3 ............................................ ········ 2.1 1.8 1.7 2.8 1.4 1.6 4 ..••........................................ ------·- 2.2 2.1 4.0 2. 7 1.5 1.4 5 •........................................... ----·-·· 2.0 2.0 4. 7 2. 7 1.5 1.4 

6 ............................................ -······- 1.8 1.9 4.1 2.2 1.5 1.4 

7 ..... ········ ······························· -------- 1.8 1.9 3.6 2.0 1.5 1.4 8 ............................................ -·------ 1.7 1.9 3.1 2.1 1.4 1.5 9 ............................................ --·-···· 1.6 1.9 2. 7 2.0 1.4 1.7 10 •........................................... -------- 1.6 1.8 3.0 1.6 1.4 1.8 

11 .... ····················•··················· --·-···· 1.7 1.6 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.8 12 ............................................ ···-·-·- 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.6 13 ............................................ -------- 1.4 1.4 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.6 

14 .... ····· .. ································· ----·--- 1.6 1.4 1.8 2. 6 1.4 1.9 15 ............................................ -------· 1.6 1.3 1.8 2.3 1.4 2.3 

16 ... -·-···············-·····----------------- ........ 1.6 1.3 1.8 2.6 1.4 1.4 17 ............................................ ........ 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.6 1.4 2.8 18 ............................................ 1.5 1.2 1.6 2.3 1.5 2.5 19 ............................................ 2.4 2.1 1.3 1.6 2.3 1.5 2.1 20 ••. -----·-················--·-·············· 2.0 2.6 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.4 2.2 

21. .. ···························· ............. 2.0 2.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 22 ............................................ 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 2.6 23 ••••........•••.•.•.......•... ~ .....•....... 1.6 2.2 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.9 2.8 24 ............................................ 1.8 2.0 1.4 2.6 1.8 1.8 2. 7 25 ••••....••..•.....•.•...............•.•..... 1.8 2.2 1.3 2. 7 1.8 1.7 1.9 

26 •••.................................. ······· 1.9 a 1.5 1.4 3.0 1.6 1.6 1.8 27 .••.............. ····· ...................... 1.9 2.2 1.5 4.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 28 .•.......................................... 1.9 2.4 1.6 4.8 1.5 1.4 1.8 29 ••••.•.•..............................•..... 2.4 2.8 2.4 4. 7 1.6 1.4 1.6 30 ........ ··········· ............... ······· ... 2.9 2.8 1.8 3.8 1.6 1.4 1.8 31. ••............ ········ ............ ········· 3.3 1.7 1.8 1.4 

a Gage height evidently 1 foot too low. 

NoTE.-Dischargerelationaffected by ice about Mar.19-31, and by backwater caused by grass in channel about July 26 to Sept. 30. 

Daily aischarge, in second-feet, of Red Cedar River near Colfax, W1"s., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914-. 

Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. I Sept. Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. I Sept. 

1. ......... 1, 760 1,370 1,010 2,880 760 670 16 .......... 7W 630 S70 1,560 ~~~ 2 .......... 1,190 1,010 870 1,980 710 710 17 .......... 710 670 810 1,560 600 1,560 3 .......... 1,100 870 810 1, 760 630 670 18 .......... 710 600 7~0 1,280 630 1,280 4 .......... 1,190 1,100 3,120 1,660 670 600 19 .......... 1,100 630 760 1,280 630 930 5 .......... 1,010 1,010 4,030 1,660 670 600 20 .......... 1,560 600 760 870 600 1,010 

6 .......... 870 930 3,250 1,190 630 600 21. ......... 1,460 670 760 7eo 600 930 7 .......... 870 930 2,640 1,010 630 600 22 .......... 1,280 670 760 760 600 1,370 8 810 930 2,090 1,100 600 630 23 .......... 1,190 670 1,010 760 810 1, 560 9 .......... 760 930 1, 660 1,010 600 710 24 .......... 1,010 670 1, 560 870 760 1,460 10 .......... 760 870 1,980 760 600 760 25 .......... 1,190 630 1,660 870 710 810 

11. ••······· 810 760 1,190 760 600 760 26 .......... 1,4CO 670 1,980 710 ~~gl 760 12 .......... 760 710 1,010 870 600 670 27 .......... 1,190 710 3,640 670 710 13 .••....... 670 670 870 1,280 600 670 28 .......... 1, 370 760 4,170 670 600 760 14 .......... 760 670 870 1,560 600 810 29 .......... 1, 760 1,370 4,030 710 600 670 15 •......... 760 630 870 1,280 600 1,100 30 •.• ······· 1, 760 870 2,880 710 600 760 

31. ·•······· ·----- 810 810 600 ·-----

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 760 and 4,450 second-feet (gage heights, 1.6 and 5.0 feet). Mean discharge Mar. 19-31 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge me~ 

arement and climatologic records, at 968 second-feet. · See "Accuracy" in station description, 
142 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Dralnage area, 1,100 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

March 19-31. ......................................•..•••••••.... 

t5:-.--:~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: July .... -............................... u~ 2, 880 ~ 670 

t~nii>er:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,~ ~:l8 

968 

1,090 

807 

1, 760 

1,150 

637 

858 

NoTE.-See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge. 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.880 

.991 

. 734 

1.60 

1.05 

.579 

. 780 

RED CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR FALLS, WIS. 

Run-off 

{depth in 

mcheson 

drainage 

area). 

Accuracy. 

0.43 D. 

1.11 A. 

.85 B . 

1. 78 A. 

1.21 R .67 B .87 B . 

Location.-At the highway bridge in the vicinity of Cedar Falls, Wis., 4! miles above 

the crossing of the Chicago; St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway. 

Records available.-April1, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-Not measured. 

Gage.-Staff gage fastened to bridge pier; read daily, morning and evening, to tenths. 

Channel and control.-Probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-No discharge measurements have been made at this 

station. The station is maintained for the purpose of determining the fluctuation 

in stage. 

Winter flow.-Winters are severe in this locality, but the discharge relation is 

apparently not greatly affected by ice, probably because of the rapids a short 

distance below the station which ordinarily do not entirely freeze over. 

Regulation.-The operation of smal) storage reservoirs at the headwaters of the river, 

together with storage at the power plants above the gaging station, modifies the 

flow to such an extent that it can not be considered natural. 

Cooperation.-Gage heights furnished by the Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & 

Power Co. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 143 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Albert Malhus, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Mny. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1 .............. 2.4 2.55 2.75 2.6 2.2 2.3 3.95 3.7 3.0 4.45 2.5 2.8 

2 •••••••••••••• 2.4 1.6 2.85 2.7 2.4 2.4 3.8 3.5 3.05 4.15 2.5 2.7 

3 •••••••••••••• 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.5 3.45 3.1 3.25 3.8 2.45 2.75 4 •••••••••.•••• 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.2 3.1 3.9 3.6 2.5 2.7 

5 •••••••••••••• 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.65 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.0 5.05 3.35 2.5 2.7 

6 •••••••••••••• 2.5 2.4 2.65 2. 7 2.4 2.5 3.1 2.95 4.9 3.1 2.5 2.7 

7 •••••••••••.•. 2.6 2.45 2.6 2. 7 2.45 2.5 3.0 2.9 4.6 3.1 2.55 2.7 

8 .............. 2.5 2.5 2.6 2. 7 2.2 2.3 3.0 2.9 4.4 2.8 2.6 2.65 

9 .............. 2.5 2.1 2.55 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.ll5 2. 75 3.8 2.8 2.6 2. 7 

10 .............. 2.5 2.65 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.75 2. 7 3.65 2.7 2.5 2.8 

11 .............. 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.'1 3.6 2.7 2.3' 2.7 

12 .............. 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.55 2. 75 2. 7 3.45 2.8 2.3 2. 7 

13 .............. 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.35 2,2 2.7 2.6 3.4 3.0 2.2 2.85 14 .............. 2.5 2.55 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.75 2.6 3.25 3.05 2.25 2.95 

15 .............. 2.4 2.55 2. 7 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.1 2.2 3.2 

16 .............. 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.7 2. 7 2.6 2.95 3.1 2.1 3.3 

17 .............. 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.4 3.15 2. 7 2.5 2.95 3.1 2.1 3.4 

18 .............. 2.45 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.45 3.6 2. 7 2.6 2.85 2.9 2.2 3.3 

19 .............. 1.5 2.35 2.6 2.5 2.45 3.5 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.75 2.25 3.2 

20 .............. 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.4 3.2 3.35 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.3 3.1 

21. ............. 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.45 2.4 2.85 3.5 2.55 2.6 2. 7 2.5 2.95 

22 .............. 2. 7 2.6 2.6 2.5 1.9 2.8 3.4 2.6 2.8 2. 7 2.55 3.0 

23 .............. 2.5 2.45 2.55 2.5 2.45 2. 75 3.45 2.5 2.95 2.6 2.7 3.2 

24 .............. 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.45 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.5 3.2 2.75 2.8 3.35 

25 .............. 2.15 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.6 3.55 2.8 2.75 3.25 

26 .............. 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.8 3.5 2.6 3.9 2.75 2.75 3.i5 

27 .............. 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.45 2.~ 3.6 2.8 4.1 2.6 2.6 ......... 28 .•••.•••••••.. 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.6 3.25 5.75 2.6 2.65 ....... 29 .............. 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 ······· 3.3 3.55 3.3 5.35 2.55 2. 7 ....... 30 .............. 2.4 2.45 2.5 2.55 ........ 3.8 3. 7 3.25 4.85 2.6 2.6 ........ 31. ............. 2.5 ......... 2.6 2.5 --····· 4.05 ------- 3.1 . ...... 2.6 2.7 ........ 

RED CEDAR RIVER "AT MENOMONIE, WIS. 

Location.-About 900 feet below the power house of the Wisconsin & Minnesota 

Light & Power Co., about13milesabovetheconfl.uenceof Red Cedar and Chippewa 

rivers. Wilson Creek enters from the right into the service reservoir just above 

the station. 

Records available.-June 16,1907, to September 5, 1908; May 9, 1913, to September 

30,1914. 

Drainage area.-1,810 square miles. 

Gage.-From June i6, 1907, to September 5, 1908, the gage was attached to a highway 

bridge about 200 rods west of the Chicago & North Western Railway station west 

of Menomonie; on May 9, 1913, a Barrett & Lawrence recording gage was installed 

over wooden intake and well on right bank of river about 1 mile above site of old 

gage. Relation between datums of the two gages not determined. 

Channel and control.-Heavy gravel and rock; permanent. 

Discharge measurernents.-Made from the highway bridge to which the old gage 

was fastened. 

Winter :8.ow.-Formation of ice on the control is prevented by the fl.ow of relatively 

warm water from the service reservoir immediately above the gage; winter 

records as accurate as those of summer. 

Regulation.-Considerable diurnal fluctuation in stage at the gage section is caused 

by the operation of the power plants of the Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & Power 

Co. at Menomonie and Cedar Falls, and minor changes are also caused by smaller 

plants on the tributaries of the Red Cedar above Menomonie. 
144 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Floods.-The flow of the water is so well controlled by dams at Menomonie and Cedar 

Falls and by storage in the headwaters that the occurrence of floods is unlikely. 

Accuracy.-Rating curve carefully developed; mean stage accurately determined 

from recording gage; records excellent. 

Cooperation.-Recording gage installed and gage-height record furnished by the 

Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & Power Co. 

Discharge measurements of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., durtng the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Gage Dis- Date. Made by- height.a charge. Date. Made by- Gage I Disheight.al charge. 

---

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet., Sec.-ft. Jan. 24 Hoyt and Steller ..... _, 2.24 689 Sept. 10 II. C. Beckman ........ 2.72 1,300 

Sept. 9 II. C. Beckman ........ 2. 71 1,250 10 ..... do ................. 2. 74 1,330 

a Gage heights refer to recording gage about 1 mile above the site of the old gage. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. r June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------

~~~ ------ !. ............. 2.42 2.49 2.64 2.30 2.18 2.16 3.8 3.28 2.52 2.64 2 .............. 2.41 2.17 2. 75 2.37 2.30 2.21 3.5 3.25 2.98 3.11 2.38 2.57 

3 .............. 2.43 2.35 2.99 2.46 2.43 2. 37 3.12 3.12 2. 92 2.57 2. 72 2.61 

4~------------- 2.42 2.56 2. 75 2.22 2.41 2.42 3.02 2.99 3.42 3.02 2.58 2. 70 

5 .............. 2.28 2.55 2. 72 2.39 2.39 2.41 3.03 3.04 4.6 3.39 2.62 2.55 

6 .............. 2.66 2.56 2.60 2.56 2.45 2.38 3.04 3.05 5.35 3.33 2.59 2.60 7 .............. 2.85 2.55 2.25 2.47 2.38 2.40 2.90 3.(!5 4.85 3.01 2.41 2.70 

8 .............. 2.52 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.19 2.22 2.89 2.95 4.55 2.85 2.62 2. 71 

9 .............. 2.87 2.40 2.36 2.46 2.30 2.21 2.86 2.97 2.64 2.94 2.36 2.64 

10 .............. 2. 73 2.36 2.30 2.45 2.44 2.39 2. 78 2.69 3.11 2.86 2.54 2.68 

11 .............. 2.52 2.58 2.40 2.14 2.38 2.37 2.86 3.13 3.65 2.82 2.50 2.62 12 .............. 2.26 2.46 2.48 2.23 2.47 2.34 2.43 2.61 3.12 2.67 2.43 2.60 

13 .............. 2.50 2.59 2.64 2.22 2.45 2.29 2.56 2. 78 3.19 2.85 2.50 2.67 14 .............. 2.52 2.48 2.32 2.23 2.53 2.49 2. 72 2.63 2.55 2.98 2.53 2. 70 

15 .............. 2.58 2.50 2.50 2.25 2.49 2.52 2.64 3.03 2.88 3.00 2.52 3.08 

16 .............. 2.42 2.22 2.48 2.34 2.42 2.36 2.62 2.57 2. 74 3.02 2.16 3.25 

17 .............. 2.40 2.32 2.58 2.58 2.45 2.58 2.52 2.41 2.80 3.07 2.50 a3.30 18 .............. 2.34 2.24 2.39 2.39 2.45 2.38 2.62 2.62 2. 74 3.13 2.37 a3.30 

19 .............. 2.23 2.26 2.40 2.40 2.44 3.46 2.65 2. 71 2. 71 2.85 2.39 3.00 

20 .............. 2.34 2.37 2.35 2.35 2.45 3.08 3.12 2.68 2.62 2.95 2.31 2.85 

21. ............. 2.60 2.30 2.06 2.06 2.32 2.90 3.51 2.56 2.65 2.81 2.32 2.88 22 .............. 2.61 2.36 2.16 2.16 2.14 2.57 3.37 2.62 2.86 2. 79 2.38 2.94 

23 .............. 2.56 2.39 2.31 2.53 2.21 2. 77 3.23 2.61 2. 73 2. 75 2.30 3.16 24 .............. 2.58 2.44 2.22 2.37 2.54 2.69 3.17 2.09 3.30 2.65 2.54 3.20 

25 .............. 2.27 2.57 1.94 2.28 2.40 2.49 3.01 2.68 3.48 2.66 2.83 3.20 

26 .............. 2.18 2.48 1.83 2.37 2.37 2.67 3.06 2.68 3. 75 2.54 2.17 3.06 

27 .............. 2.41 2.43 2.31 2.48 2.36 2.83 3.10 2.88 4.3 2.67 2.56 2.66 

28 .............. 2.65 2.60 2.14 2.51 2.38 2.82 3.25 3.17 5.05 2.80 2.61 2. 73 

29 .............. 2.58 2.56 2.44 2.44 ······· 3.27 3.30 3.20 4.5 2. 70 2.60 2. 74 

30 .............. 2.54 2.56 2.58 2.36 ····-·· 3. 75 3.65 3.07 4.05 2.53 2.37 2.62 

31. ............. 2.41 ........ 2.38 2.43 ······· 4.0 ······- 3.09 ........ 2.51 2.55 ........ 

a Gage height partly estimated. 

N oTE.-Discharge relation probably not materially affected by ice. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 145 

Daily discharge, in secondjeet, of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. I Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

·-------------------~ 

------------------

1. ....... ------ 916 1,010 1,210 770 626 602 3,070 2,790 1,660 2,160 1,050 1,210 2 .............. 903 614 1,360 854 770 662 2,520 2,110 1, 700 1,900 866 1,110 3 .............. 929 830 1, 720 968 929 854 1,910 1,910 1,610 1,110 1,320 1,160 4 .............. 916 1,100 1,360 674 903 916 1, 760 1, 720 •2,380 at, 760 1,120 1,290 5 .............. 756 1,080 1,320 878 878 903 1, 780 1, 790 4,750 2,330 1,180 1,080 

6 .............. 1,280 1,100 1,150 1,100 955 866 1, 790 1,800 6,700 2,240 1,140 1,150 7 .............. 1,500 1,080 710 981 866 890 1,580 1,800 5,340 1, 740 903 1,290 8 .............. 1,050 968 968 968 638 674 1,560 1,660 4,640 1,500 1,180 1,300 9 .............. 1,540 890 842 968 770 662 1,520 1,680 !,210 1,640 842 1,210 10 .............. 1,340 842 770 955 942 878 1,400 1,280 1,900 1,520 1,070 1,260 

11 .............. 1,050 1,120 894 578 866 854 1,520 1,920 2,790 1,460 1,020 1,180 12.----- ........ 722 968 994 686 981 818 929 1,160 1,910 1,250 929 1,150 

13.-------:---.- 1,020 1,140 1,210 674 955 758 1,100 1,400 2,020 1,500 1,020 1,250 14.--- .......... 1,050 994 794 686 1,060 1,010 1,320 1,190 1,080 •1, 700 1,060 1,290 15 .............. 1,120 1,020 1,020 710 1,010 1,050 1,210 1, 780 1,550 •1, 730 1,050 1,850 

16 ..... -- -----·- 916 1,670 994 818 916 842 1,180 1,110 1,350 1, 760 602 2,110 

17 .. -.... ------- 890 794 1,120 1,120 955 1,120 1,050 903 1,430 1,840 1,020 2,190 

18 .. -.... ------- 818 698 878 878 955 866 1,180 1,180 1,350 1,920 854 2,190 

19 ..•.. -.. ---.-- 686 722 890 890 942 2,450 1,220 1,300 1,300 1,500 878 1, 730 20 .............. 818 854 830 830 955 1,850 1,910 1,260 1,180 1,660 782 1,500 

21. ............. 1,150 770 486 486 794 1,580 2,540 1,100 1,220 1,440 794 1,550 22 .............. 1,160 842 602 602 578 1,110 2,300 1,180 1,520 1,420 866 1,640 23 .............. 1,100 878 782 1,060 662 1,390 2,080 1,160 1,330 1,360 770 1,970 24 .............. 1,120 942 674 854 1,070 1,280 1,980 519 2,190 1,220 1,070 2,030 25 .....•...••.•. 734 1,110 354 I 746 890 1,010 1, 740 1,260 2,490 1,230 1,480 2,030 

26 ... -- ......... 626 994 420 854 854 1,250 1,820 1,260 2,980 1,070 614 1,820 

27 .. ----- ....... 903 929 600 994 842 1,480 1,880 1,550 4, 070 1,250 1,100 1,230 

28 ... ----------- 1,220 1,150 578 1,030 866 1,460 2,110 1,980 5,860 1,430 1,160 1,330 

29 ........ ------ 1,120 1,100 942 942 ---···· 2,140 2,190 2,030 •4,520 1,290 1,150 1,350 30 .............. 1,070 1,100 1,120 842 --····· 2,980 2, 790 1,840 3,560 1,060 854 1,180 

31..- .... ------. 903 --····· 866 929 ....... 3,460 ....... 1,860 . ...... 1,030 1,080 ······· 

a Estimated in part. 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed !rom a rating curve well defined. between 530 and 7,730 second-feet 

(gage heights, 2.1 and 5.7 feet). · 

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Draliuage area, 1,810 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. I Mean. 

I 

October................................. 1,540 626 1,010 

November.............................. 1, 670 614 977 December............................... 1, 720 354 918 

January... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 120 486 849 

i;::~~~~:.·.·_ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~;~~g ~~ d~~ 

~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~~g ~ig ugg June.................................... 6, 700 1, 080 2, 590 

July.................................... 2,330 1,030 1,550 

August................................. 1,480 602 · 994 

September.............................. 2, 190 1, 080 1, 490 

1------!------1-----

The year.......................... 6, 700 J 354 1, 320 

97825° -WSP 385-15--10 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.558 

. 540 

. 507 

. 469 

. 482 

. 691 

. 972 

.845 

1. 43 

. 856 

. 549 

. 823 

. 729 

Run-off 

~~E!~~~ drainage 

area). 

Accuracy. 

0.64 A. .60 A . .58 A . .54 A . .50 A . .80 A . 1.08 A . .97 A. 1. 60 A. .99 A . .63 A . .92 A • 

9.85 
146 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

ZUMBRO RIVER AT ZUMBRO FALLS, MINN. 

Location.-At the highway bridge at Zumbro Falls, about 8 miles below the mouth 

of South Branch. 

Records available.-June 8, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-1,120 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to bridge; read twice daily to hundredths. Limits of 

use: Hundredths below 5.0, half-tenths between 5.0 and 6.5, and tenths above 

6.5 feet. 

Channel and controL-Slightly shifting. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from bridge. 

Winter :fl.ow.-For a short time during and following extremely cold weather ice 

forms below gage and causes backwater. The river is, however, fed by springs 

in the vicinity of the gage and the warmer water gradually wears away the ice. 

Daily gage heights are recorded during the winter and from a close inspection of 

gage heights and temperature the necessary corrections can be made in the 

discharge. 

:Maximum :fl.ow.-The high water of June, 1908, which reached a stage of 26.7 feet 

abovethedatum of the gage, is marked by a spike in a telegraph pole near the railroad station at Zumbro Falls. The high water of" April, 1888, reached a stage of 

approximately 29.7, as shown by a mark not so well defined as that of the 1908 

flood. 

Regulation.-The slight artificial regulation at the small power plants above Zumbro 

Falls is not observable at the gage. 

DisCharge measurements of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., during the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Date. 

Jan.16 ....................... . Feb. 20 ...................... . 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 4.81 

4.84 

a Control clear; no ice. 

[Made by S. B. Soule.] 

charge. Dis- I · Date. Gage Disheight. charge. 

Sec.-ft. I a161 Apr.7 ...................... .. b 138 Aug. 27 ...................... . 

Feet. Sec.-ft. 5.38 262 5.01 215 

b Small amount ot ice at control. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAik AGE BASIN. 147 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Zumbro River at Zumbro i(alls, Jlfinn., for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

[A. H. Sugg, observer.] I 

Day. Oct: Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.1 May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

1. ............. 4.91 4.95 4.89 4.86 5.05 5.15 6.50 6.8 5.3 8.2 5.2 4.99 2 .............. 4.98 4.B9 4.90 4.81 5.1 5.0 5.81 6.35 5.4 7.8 5.15 4.95 

3 .............. 4.98 4.90 4.94 4.86 5.1 5.05 5. 7 6.1 5.4 7.2 5.2 4.95 4 .............. 4.98 4.94 4.98 4.88 5.0 4.98 5.6 6.1 5.45 6.9 5.15 4.94 

5 .............. 4.96 4.95 4.99 4.81 4.94 5.36 5.5 6.0 5.55 6.7 5.1 4.96 

6 .............. 4.92 4.90 4.98 4.88 4.95 5.55 5.41 5.9 5.6 6.45 5.1 4.91 7 .............. 5.05 4.91 4.86 4.89 4.80 5.4 5.4 5. 7 10.0 6.3 5.05 4.90 

8 .............. 5.05 4.95 5.55 4.86 5.3 5.45 5.4 5.6 8.4 6.15 5.1 4.92 

9 .............. 5.1 4.85 5.1 4.75 5.0 5.4 5.35 5.6 7.2 6.1 5.05 4.90 

10 .............. 5.05 4.81 4.89 4.64 4.94 5.4 5.3 5.5 6.6 5.95 5.0 4.90 

11 .••••..••••••. 5.05 5.3 4.89 4.75 4.94 5.3 5.25 5.9 6.6 5.8 5.05 4.90 12 .•............ 5.05 4.90 4.86 4.99 4.92 5.3 5.2 6.15 8.0 5.75 5.() 4.89 

13 .............. 4.P9 4.90 4.88 4.84 4.99 5.5 5.25 5.95 8.3 5.7 4.98 4.91 14 .............. 5.0 4.86 4.85 4.82 4.92 6.4 5.2 5.75 8.8 5.65 5.0 4.99 

15 .............. 4.95 4.90 4.82 4.81 4.95 7.0 5.15 5.6 9.8 5.65 5.0 5.05 

16 •.•.•..••.•.•• 4.91 4.86 4.89 4.86 4.91 6. 7 5.2 5.5 8.2 5.65 4.98 5.0 

17 .............. 4.90 4.82 4.90 4.80 4.90 6.2 5.15 5.4 7.4 5.6 4.98 4.96 

18 .............. 4.W 4.86 4.86 4.81 4.88 5.8 5.2 5.4 6.9 5.55 5.05 4.95 

19 .............. 4.91 4.84 4.84 4.80 4.84 5.55 5.25 5.4 6.7 5.45 5.1 4.92 

20 .............. 4.92 4.91 4.85 4.82 4.86 5.4 5.3 5.4 8.5 5.5 5.2 4.90 

21 .............. 4.91 4.91 5. 7 4.64 4.84 5.4 5.4 5. 7 14.1 5.4 5.1 4.95 

22 •••••..•.•.... 4.90 4.99 4.92 4. 72 5.0 5.35 5.35 6.3 11.3 5.4 5.05 5.1 

23 .............. 4.95 5.25 4. 78 4. 79 4.92 5.25 5.3 6.2 8.2 5.4 5.2 5.05 

24 •••••••••••••• 4.91 4.94 4.82 4.81 4.82 5.3 5.3 5.9 8.1 5.4 5.25 5.05 

25 .............. 4.96 4.96 4.84 4. 75 4.79 5.15 5.4 5.9 8.0 5.3 5.15 5.0 

26 .............. 4.91 5.0 4.66 4.72 4.84 5.2 5.5 5.9 12.2 5.3 5.15 5.0 

27 .............. 4.94 4.99 4.81 4. 78 4.86 5.15 5. 75 5.8 15.6 5.25 5.1 4.98 

28 .............. 5.0 4.98 4.86 5.0 5.1 5.25 8.0 5.6 13.7 5.3 5.05 4.92 

29 .............. 4.99 4.96 4.69 5.7 .. ~ ........ 6.3 8.6 5.55 10.0 5.2 5.05 4.92 

30 ....•.••...•.. 4.99 4.95 4.85 5.2 .......... 7.1 7.4 5.5 8.5 5.2 4.99 4.92 

31. ............. 4.94 ............ 4.86 5.2 ............. 6.5 ............ 5.4 .. ........ 5.2 4.96 ........... 

NoTE.-Discharge relation probably afiected by ice about Dec. 8-9, 21-22; Jan. 12-14, 28-31; and Feb. 

1-28. 
148 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily(liBcliarge, in aecond1eet, of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.,jor the year ending . , Sept. 90, 1914. _ 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------- ------:--- 1. ............. 174 182 170 166 ........... 232 498 820 238 1,690 270 211 

2 .............. 189 170 172 158 ............ 100 403 620 267 1 450 255 201 

3 .............. 189 172 180 166 ........... 206 367 518 267 1:120 270 201 

4 .............. 189 180 189 169 ......... 189 332 518 282 970 255 199 

5 .............. 185 182 191 158 ....... 295 298 479 315 872 240 203 

6 .............. 176 172 189 169 ....... 360 267 441 332 756 240 191 

7 .............. 206 174 166 170 ......... 308 267 367 2,890 689 226 189 

8 .............. 206 182 170 166 .......... 325 267 332 1,810 624 240 194 

9 .............. 218 164 170 150 ......... 308 252 3'32 1,120 603 226 189 

10 .... , ......... 206 158 170 139 ......... 308 238 298 825 542 213 189 

11 .............. 206 160 170 150 ........ 276 224 441 825 482 226 '189 

12 .............. 206 172 166 150 ........... 276 210 538 1,570 463 213 JET 

13 .............. 191 172 169 150 ......... 342 224 460 1,750 444 208 191 

14 .............. 193 166 164 150 ......... 698 210 385 2,060 426 213 211, 

15 .............. 182 172 159 158 ....... 980 198 332 2,740 426 213 226 

16 .............. 174 166 170 166 ........ 834 210 298 1,6!10 426 208 213 

17 .............. 172 159 172 156 .......... 612 198 267 1,230 407 208 203 

18 .............. 172 166 166 158 ............ 452 210 267 970 389 226 201 

19 .............. 174 162 162 156 .............. 360 224 267 872 354 240 194 

20 .............. 176 174 164 159 .............. 308 238 267 1,870 371 270 189 

- 21 .............. 174 174 160 139 .......... 308 267 367 6,250 336 240 201 

22 .............. 172 191 157 146 ......... 292 252 599 3,860 336 226 240 

23 .............. 182 261 1M 155 ....... 261 238 558 1,690 336 270 . 226 

24 .............. 174 180 159 158 ........... 276 238 441 1,630 336 286 226 

25 .............. 185 185 162 150 ............. 232 267 441 1,570 302 255 213 

26 .............. 174 1.93 140 146 ............ 210 298 441 4,560 302 255 213 

27 .............. 180 191 158 154 ............. 198 385 403 7,750 286 240 208 

28 .............. 193 189 166 .......... ........... 224 1,440 332 5,850 302 226 194 

29 .............. 191 185 143 ........ .......... 599 1,800 315 2,890 270 226 194 

30 .............. 191 182 164 ......... ........ 965 1,120 298 1,870 270 211 194 

31 •••••••••••••• 180 .......... 166 ............. ............ 685 ........... 267 .......... 270 203 . ........ 

NOTE.-Da!Iy discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1, 1913, to Mar. 25, 1914, from a well-de!ined rntinlt curve; Mar. 26 to Sept. 30, from two ratin~ curves based on discharge measurements made Apr. 7 and 

Aug. 27; Dec. 8-9, 21-22, and Jan. 12-14, estimated on account of ice. Discharge estimated, becallllll of ice, 

from gage heights observer's noti!S_, dlschar~e measurements, and climatic records as follows: Jan. ~1-

160 second-feet; and Feb. 1-28, 1oo second-feet. 

Monthly diar:Jw.rge of Zu11jhro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., for tk year entling Sept. 80, . 1914. 

[Drainage area, 1,120 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Haxlmtim. Minlmum. Mean. square 

rilile. 

October................................. 218 172 186 0.166 

November.............................. 261 158 178 • 159 

December............................... 191 140 166 • 148 

&l~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::~~: ::::::::~: 157 .140 

165 • 147 

391 • 349 

~-:_:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:e m =~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,m ~ 

388 • 346 

410 .3t!6 

2,060 1.84 544 .486 

235 • 210 

203 .181 

Run-oft 

~thin Acou· ~racy. 

area). 

0.19 A. 

.18 A . .17 B . 

.16 c. 

.15 c . 

,40 c . 

.39 B . • 42 B . 

2.05 B. • 56 B . 

.24 A • .20 A. 

7,750, ........... . 

-------~-----r-------1 Theyear ••..•••.•................. 423 .378 5.11 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 149 

SOUTH BRANCH OF ZUMBRO RIVER NEAR ZUMBRO FALLS, MtN:N, 

Location.-In sec. 22, T. 109 N., R. 14 W., at the Woodville Bridge, 1! miles above 

the mouth of the river and 6 miles below the mouth of the Middle Branch. 

Records available.-June 16, 1911, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-821 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to quartertenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 2.5, half-tenths between 2.5 and 3.5, 

and tenths above 3.5 feet. 

Channel and controL-Control is at a well-defined riffle a short distance below gage; 

channel practically permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-At medium and higher stages, from highway bridge; 

at low stages, by wading a short distance above the gage. 

Winter fiow.-River freezes over near the station after long cold periods. The 

rapids below, however, remain partly open, so that the effect from backwater is 

slight. Discharge measurements are made to aid in estimating flow for the winter. 

Regulation.-Effect of the small power plants above station is not noticeable at the 

gage. 

Discharge measurements of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Made by S. B. Soule.) 

Date. 

Jan. 15 .• ________ . _ ... -- ... -------

Feb. 19.-------- _ -- __ - ___ ---------

Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet. 

1. 98 

2.11 

Sec. ft. 

a 110 

b 90 

Date. Gage Disheight. charge. 

1-------------------1----

Feet. Sec. ft. Apr. 6 .. _ -- .. -------. _ -- .• --·- _ __ 2.19 c 204 Aug. 26 _________ ----- _--- .••. ---- 2.15 158 

" Measurement made from ice about 50 feet above gage. Control practically clear of ice. Very little 

if any backwater from ~ce. 

b Ahnost complete ice cover at control. c Control clear. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sattth Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[W. M. Whipple, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. ,Aug. Sept. 

!_ _____________ --------------------------------- 2.02 2.01 1. 97 1. 98 2.40 2.55 2. 85 2.15 5.5 2.26 2.12 

a 2-------------- ______________ 2.04 2.07 2.01 2.25 2.30 2.48 2. 75 2.11 5.0 2.27 2.11 2.01 2.05 2.01 1. 92 2.20 2.20 2.35 2. 65 2.13 3.8 2.25 2.12 

4-----·---····- 2.01 2.02 2.03 ....... ·····-· 2.25 2.25 2.6 2.28 3.6 2.26 2.12 5-----·----·-·- 2.00 2.05 2.04 1. 92 2.05 2. 40 2.18 2.5 2. 43 3.4 2.26 2.11 6 ______________ 1.98 2.05 2.01 ·····-· ----··· 2 .. 1 2.18 2.46 4. 7 3.2 2.25 2.06 

1-------------- ........ 2.05 2.01 1. 92 2.00 2.42 2.16 2. 44 4.6 2.95 2.23 2.05 

8-----------··- ······· 2.02 1. 99 ······- ···-··· 9 ______________ 2.30 2.18 2.33 5.0 2.8 2.18 2.04 

------- 2.01 1. 97 1. 95 2.00 2.28 2.12 2.30 3.8 2.65 2.16 2.04 lQ _____________ , 2.10 2.00 2.05 ....... 2.05 2.28 2.14 2.24 2.95 2. 7 2.15 2.02 11. _____________ 2.08 1. 94 2.01 1. 85 2.05 2.22 2.11 2.26 2.9 2.65 2.13 2.02 

12----------·--- 2.07 2.02 2.01 1. 95 2.10 2.20 2.06 2.26 3.9 2.55 2.12 2.02 

13-------------- 2.07 1. 98 2.01 -······ 2.15 2.25 2.10 2.23 4.3 2.55 2.13 2.04 

14-------------- 2.07 1.98 1. 96 1. 98 2.10 2.40 2.04 2.25 5.6 2.45 2.11 2.02 15 ______________ 2.05 2.05 1. 94 2.00 2.18 3.3 2.04 2.18 4.9 2.5 2.11 2.05 

16---------·-··- 2.05 2.05 1. 97 ....... 2.10 3.0 2.05 2.17 3. 6 2. 47 2.11 2.06 

11--------·---·- 2.05 2.02 2.01 1. 92 2.10 2. 8 2.06 2.14 3. 4 2. 49 2.09 2.11 18 ______________ 2.01 2.00 2.04 1.90 2.15 2. 42 2. 04 2.09 3.3 2. 47 2.16 2.10 19 ______________ 2.05 2.02 2.01 2.10 2.30 2.05 2.13 3. 35 2. 40 2.17 2.11 

20-----····-··-- 2.05 2.05. 2.06 2.30 2.12 2. 28 2.16 2.11 5.0 2.39 2.17 2.09 21. _____________ 2.01 2.05 2.06 2.18 2.20 2.19 3.25 7. 7 2. 40 2.19 2.16 

22-------------- 2.02 2.04 2.03 2.00 2.12 2.15 2.18 2.5 6.4 2.42 2.18 2.16 

23----·--··--·-- 2.00 2.02 1. 95 1.92 2.10 2.12 2.15 2.45 4.6 2.37 2.19 2.15 

24----------·--- 2.00 2.01 1. 91 ....... 2.12 2.15 2.15 2.40 4. 4 2.33 2.17 2.15 

25-----··-·····- 2.05 2.05 1.83 ....... 2.15 2.10 2.21 2.41 7.2 2.30 2.17 2.11 

26---·--··-··-·· 2.00 2.05 1.80 1.88 2.18 2.15 2.29 2.41 6.1 2.32 2.18 2.09 27 .•.••.•••••••• 2.02 2.02 1. 94 ···-··· 2.30 2.10 2.65 2.35 10.3 2.30 2.15 2.02 

28---··------··· 2.05 2.05 1. 89 1.95 2.8 2.10 4.7 2.20 8.8 2.30 2.15 2.04 

2!1.----------·-. 2.05 2.04 1. 86 4.0 ------- 2.8 4.6 2.21 I 6.3 2.33 2.12 2.04 

30---·-·---··--- 2.05 2.02 1. 89 2.48 ------- 3.25 3.5 2.20 4.9 2.33 2.12 2.05 

31.. ··-··--·· ·-- 2.00 ....... 1. 96 ....... ....... 2.85 ....... 2.15 ------· 2.29 2.11 ....... 

NoTE.-Discharge relation probably affected by ice about Feb. 1-28, 1914. 
150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Daily diBchargBf in Becond-jeet, of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falla, 

Minn., for the year endi:ng Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--1--------------- 1 •••••••••••••• 122 118 106 109 .............. 258 317 441 166 2,040 205 155 2 •••••••••••••• 128 138 118 100 ......... 220 289 399 152 1,640 209 152 3 •••••••••••••• 118 132 118 90 .............. 183 239 358 158 900 202 155 4 .............. 118 122 125 90 ............ 202 202 337 213 790 205 155 5 .............. 115 132 128 90 .......... 258 176 297 270 690 205 152 

6 .............. 109 132 118 90 ........... 297 176 281 1,440 595 202 135 7 .............. 118 132 118 90 ........... 266 169 274 1,380 484 194 132 8 .............. 128 122 112 95 ........... 220 176 231 1,640 420 176 128 9 .............. 138 118 106 100 ........... 213 155 220 900 358 169 128 10 .............. 148 115 132 86 ......... 213 162 198 484 378 166 122 

11 .............. 141 96 118 73 ........... 190 152 205 462 358 158 122 12 .............. 138 122 118 100 ........... 183 135 205 955 317 155 122 13 .............. 138 109 118 104 ........... 202 148 194 1,190 317 158 128 14 .............. 138 109 103 109 ........... 258 128 202 2,130 278 152 122 15 .............. 132 132 96 115 ........... 640 128 176 1,580 297 152 132 

16 •••••••••••••• 132 132 106 102 ........... 505 132 172 790 285 152 135 17 ............... 132 122 118 90 ........... 420 135 162 690 293 145 152 18 .............. 118 115 128 84 ........... 266 128 145 640 285 169 148 19 .............. 132 122 118 152 .............. 220 132 158 665 258 172 152 20 .............. 132 132 135 220 ......... 213 169 152 1,640 254 172 145 

21. ............. 118 132 135 168 .......... 183 180 618 4,090 258 180 169 22 •••••••••••••• 122 128 125 115 ............ 166 176 297 2,850 266 176 169 23 •••••••••••••• 115 122 100 90 ........... 155 166 278 1,380 247 180 166 24 •••••••••••••• 115 118 87 86 ............ 166 166 258 1,250 231 172 166 25 •••••••••••••• 132 132 69 83 ........... 148 187 262 3,590 220 172 152 

26 •••••••••••••• 115 132 62 80 ........... 166 216 262 2,580 228 176 145 27 •••••••••••••• 122 122 96 90 ........... 148 358 239 6,820 220 166 122 28 .............. 132 132 82 100 ........... 148 1,440 183 5,190 220 166 128 

29 •••••••••••••• 132 128 75 1,010 ............. 420 1,380 187 2,760 231 155 128 30 .............. 132 122 82 289 ............. 618 ·740 183 1,580 231 155 132 31. ••••••••••••• 115 ............ 103 220 ............ 441 ............ 166 .......... 216 152 .. .......... 

NOTE.-Da.lly discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 62 and 3,890 second-feet 

(gage heights; 1.8and 7.5 feet). Above 3,890 second-feet (gage helftht, 7.5 feet) the rating curve Is an extsnslon and :IS suoject to an error of about 10 per cent at a discharge of 6,490 second-feet (gage height, 10.0 feet). Discharge Feb. 1-28 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, one discharge measure- ment, and climatic records, at 115 second-feet. Dlscbarge interpolated for days on which gage was not read. 

Monthly discharge of South Branr:h of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falla, Minn., for the 

year ending Sept. 80, 1914. · · · 

[Drainage area, 821 square mlles.~ 

Mont. 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-oft 

1---..,.-----,----,---~1 ~thin Accu· 

Per ma:a: racy. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square area). Dille. 

October................................. 148 109 

November. • • • • .. • .. • . • • • • • .. • • • • . • • .. .. 132 96 ·December............................... 135 62 

~~~!.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ...... ~::. ········i~' 

~-:::::::::::::::::·:::::::::::::::::: ~:m i~ i~c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '~ ~~ Septsmber.............................. 169 122 

The year.......................... 6, 820 ........... . 

127 

124 

108 

143 

115 

264 

2~ 

250 

1,850 

445 

173 

142 

318 

0.155 

.151 

• 132 .1n 

.140 

;322 

.343 .• 305 

2.01 

.542 

.211 

• 173 

.387 

0.18 B. .17 B. .15 B . .20 B. .15 c. .37 B. 

.38 B. 

.36 B. 2.24 B. .62 A. .24 B. 

.19 B . 

5.24 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 151 

TREMPEALEAU RIVER AT DODGE, WIS. 

Location.-At highway bridge in the village of Dodge, Wis., 9 mile~ above mouth of 

river. 

Records available.-December 13, 1913, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-633 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read daily, morning and 

evening, to half-tenths. Limits of use: Half-tenths below and tenths above 2.0 

feet. 

Channel and control.-Sand; likely to shift at medium and high stages. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; discharge determined from measurements made through the ice. 

Regulation.-No power plants above station having sufficient storage capacity to 

affect the natural flow of the river. 

Accuracy.-Records good except for a short period in May when there was a decided 

change in the discharge relation as shown by discharge measurements made during 

June. 

Discharge measurements of Trempealea-u River at Dodge, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Date. 

Dec. 13 Jan. 23 Feb. 28 Apr. 3 May 13 June 9 

10 

Made by- Gage Dis- I D height. charge. ate. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. 

--------1----------------------

Canfield and Beckman. 

Hoyt and Steller ...... . 0. A. Steller ......... .. G. H. Canfield ...... .. H. C. Beckman ...... .. G. H. Canfield ..... _ .. _ ..... do ................. 1 

Feet. 

1. 82 

2.04 

2.67 

3. 46 

2. 36 

8.40 

7. 88 

Sec.-ft. a274 

b 190 

b201 

C682 

442 3,540 

2, 740 

June 11 

12 

12 

13 Sept. 2 

2 

G. H. Canfield ........ . ..... do ................ . ..... do ............... .. ..... do ................ . Beckman and Dillon .. . ..... do ................ . 

a Measurement made from bridge; some ice below bridge. b Measurement made under complete ice cover. c Control clear. 

Feet. 

6.45 

4.96 

4. 27 3. 81 2.32 

2.42 

Sec.-ft. 

1,000 

1,060 

796 

709 

397 

418 
152 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., for the year mding,Sept. 

30, 1914. 

[1. Johnson, observer.] 

Day. Dec. 1an. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. 1une. 1uly. Aug. Sept. 

------------------------ 1. •.•.•.•••.•.•.•••. ........... 2.1 5.7 2.6 5.8 3.2 3.3 5.2 1. 7 2.0 

2 ••••• ~ ••••••.•••••. 2.0 5.2 3.0 4.3 2.8 2.6 4.3 1.9 2.4 

3 •••.••••••••••••••. ............. 2.2 4.1 3.0 3.5 2.5 2.6 3.6 1.75 2.6 

4 •••.••••••••••••••. ............ "2.1 3.4 2.9 3.0 2.4 3.4 3.4 1.8 2.5 

5 ••••••••••••••••••• .............. 2.2 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.3 4.2 3.0 1.6 2.5 

6 .••••••••••••.••.•. ......... 2.1 3.0 3.6 2.6 2.2 5.2 2.7 1.7 2.6 

7 ••••.••••••.••.•.•. ............. 2.2 3.0 4.2 2. 7 2.1 6.4 2.6 1.6 2.2 

8 •••••••••••.••.•.•. ............. 2.2 2.8 4.0 2.8 1.9 7.2 2.7 1.7 1.8 

9 .•.•••••••••.•••••. .............. 2.2 2.6 3.7 2.8 1.9 8.3 2.4 1.55 1.8 

10 ••••.•••••••••••••• .............. 2.2 2.6 3.8 2.7 2.0 7.7 2.2 1.6 1.75 

11 ••••••.•••••••••.•. .............. 2.2 2.6 3.8 2.6 2.2 6.6 2.3 1.6 1.8 

12 ••.•.••••.•.••••.•• ............... 2.2 2.6 3.8 2.6 2.3 4.7 3.0 1. 7 1.8 

13 •••••••••.••••••••• 1.9 2.2 2.6 3.9 2.5 2.2 4.0 4.2 1.55 1.7 

14 ••••••••••••••••••• 1.85 2.4 2.6 4.4 2.4 2.2 4.0 4.8 1.65 2.4 

15 ••..••••••••••••••• 1. 7 2.2 2.6 p 2.3 1.9 3.8 4.6 1.55 3.2 

16 .•.•.•..••••.•••••• 1.8 2.2 2.5 4.9 2.3 1.9 3.4 3.1 1.65 3.2 

17 ••..••••••••.••.••• 1.8 2.4 2.5 5.0 2.3 1.8 3.0 2. 7 1.6 2.S 

18 •••••••••••••• · ••••• 1. 75 2.2 2.6 4.8 2.3 1.6 2. 7 2.6 1. 7 2.5 

19 ••.•.•.•••••••••••• 1.8 2.2 2.5 4.1 2.4 1.6 2.6 2.2 1.75 2.3 

20 ••••••••••••••••••• 1.85 2.2 2.5 3.4 2.6 1.5 2.6 2.0 1.95 2.1 

21. •••••.•••.•••••••• 1.3 2.2 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 22 •••••••• , .......... 1.75 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.9 2.7 2.0 1.85 2.2 23 ................... 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.8 7.8 1.95 2.2 2.5 

24 ................... 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.2 2.9 2.8 2.5 3.0 2.3 25 ................... 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.6 3.6 3.0 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.1 

26 ................... 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.3 2.7 3.3 2.6 2.1 1.9 

27 ................... 1.85 2.1 2.5 2.5 3.4 3.3 4. 7 1.9 1.8 1.9 

28 ................... 2.2 2.4 2. 7 2.5 3.6 3.8 5.4 2.0 1.9 1.85 

29 ................... 2.0 4.6 .............. 3.4 3.9 4.5 6.1 1.8 1.8 1.8 

30 ................... 2.0 5.0 .............. 4.8 3.6 4.4 6.0 1.8 1. 7 1.75 

31 ................... 2.1 5.4 ............. 5.8 ............. 4.0 . ........... 1. 7 1.9 ............... 

NoTE.-Discharge relation a:!fected by Ice about Dec. 13, 1913, to Mar. 151 1914. 

r." 

~­

r 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 153 

Daily discharge, in second1eet, of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. , 

Day. M81'. Apr. May. June. July. A)lg. Sept. 

--------------1,----------1---

!. ........................................... ........ 1,420 619 582 1,100 294 340 2 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. ........... 910 528 438 827 324 404 

3 .••••...........•.•..••.....•....•...•...•.. ........... 691 465 438 653 302 438 

4 ..••.•...•.....••.•.•.•...•...•.•...•....... ·······- 573 445 605 605 309 421 

5 .••••••••.••..•.•.•.•.•.•.......•...•..•.•.. ............. 485 426 801 514 279 421 

6 •.•..•.•...•...•.......•.................... ........... 485 408 1,100 456 294 438 

7 ............................................ ............. 506 391 1,570 438 279 372 

8 ............................................ ............. 528 359 2,080 456 294 309 

9 ............................................ ............ 528 35g 3,360 404 272 309 

10 •••.••.......•.....•...•.•.••..•.•.......... ······-- 506 375 2,550 372 279 302 

11 ............................................ ............... 485 408 1,670 388 279 309 

12. •••·•·•·•·•··•···•·····•··········•·•······ ........... 485 426 937 514 294 309 13 ........... ; ................................ ............... 465 408 750 801 272 294 

14 ............................................ ............... 445 408 750 967 286 404 

15 ............................................ ............. 426 359 701 908 272 559 

16 ............................................ 1,090 426 359 605 536 286 559 

17 •••••.••..•.......•.....•.•......•.•••.•.... 1,120 426 343 514 456 279 474 

18 ............................................ 1,g~ 426 314 456 438 294 421 

19 ............................................ 445 314 438 372 302 388 

20 ••••.•.•.•............ , .....•.........•..... 667 485 300 438 340 332 356 

21. ........................................... 573 465 426 474 340 309 340 22 ............................................ 528 426 550 456 340 316 372 

23 ............................................ 506 408 528 2,660 332 372 421 

24 .•••.•.•......••.••••.•.•.•.•.•••...•....... 528 408 550 474 421 514 388 

25 ............................................ 485 716 573 559 438 404 356 

26 ............................................ 465 643 506 582 438 356 324 

27 ............................................ 465 667 643 937 324 309 824 28 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 465 716 766 1,170 340 324 316 

29 •••••.•.•...••.•.•••.....•.•.•...•.....•.... 667 792 970 1,440 309 309 309 

30 ............................................ 1,060 716 853 1,400 309 294 302 

31. ••••••......•..•..•.•.•.•..•......•........ 1,420 750 2g4 324 

NorE.-Daily disch!ll'ge, Mar. 16 to May 29, computed from a fairly well defined rating curve; daily discharge, May 30 to Sept. 30, computed from a rating curve well defuied between 340 and 3,530 second-feet 

(gage heights, 2.0 and 8.4 feet). Discharge estimated because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements and 

cllmatic records, as fohows: Dec. 13-20J 270 second-feet; Dec. 21-3b 1913, 285 second-feet; Jan. 1-10, 270 

second-feet; Jan. 11-20, 240 second-feet; Jan. 21-3}: 350 second-feet; J<'eb. 1-10, 410 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 

205 second-feet; Feb. 21-28, 180 second-feet; and ru.ar. 1-15, 1914, 600 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

Month; 

[Drainage area, 633 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

279 

289 

271 

676 

570 

488 

1,030 

498 

311 

376 

0.441 

. 457 

.428 

1.07 

.900 

. 771 

1.63 

• 787 

.491 

.5:14 

Run-of! 

(deEth in Accud'ia:~~ racy. 

area). 

0.31 c. 

.53 D . 

.45 D. 

1.23 c. 1.00 A. 

.89 B. 

1.82 A. 

.91 A. 

.57 B. .66 A. 
154 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V, 

BLACK RIVER AT NEILLSVILLE, WIS. 

Loca.tion.-At lower highway bridge, city of Neillsville, Wis. O'Neill Creek enterh 

from the left about 1 mile above the gage, and Cunningham Creek, also from the 

left, about It miles below. 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-April 7, 1905, to March 31, 1909; December 11, 1913, to September 30, 1914. 

Dra.ina.ge a.rea..-774 square miles (revised since last published). 

Ga.ge.-Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 3.5 feet, 

half-tenths between 3.5 and 4.5 feet, and tenths above 4.5 feet. 

Channel and control.-Heavy gravel and rock; practically permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from bridge and by wading. 

Ploods.-On June 6, 1905, the river reached a stage of 19.8 feet; on June 5, 1914, a 

stage of 19.55 feat. A rating curve, developed during June, 1914, when discharge 

measurements were made at a stage of 12.53 feet, indicates that the discharge June 

6, 1905, was approximately 29,400 second-feet 1 and on June 5, 1914, 28,700 secondfeet. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Discharge relation affected by ice. 

Regula.tion.-Marked by diurnal fluctuations, especially during low stages, are 

caused by the operation of power plants above. 

Accura.cy.-Medium and high stage records excellent; low-stage records, especially 

during ~e winter, only fair, owing to diurnal fluctuations. 

Discharge measurement. of Blaclc River at Neillsville, Wis.; during the year ending Sept. 

90, 1914. 

Date. Made by- h~~- Dis- Date. Made by- -- Gage Discharge. height. charge. 

------· --:---

Feet. Sec-ft. Feet. Sec.~ Dec. 11 G. H. Canfield .••..••.. 3.42 1118 June 6 G. H. Canfield •••...••. 12.53 

Jan. 24 H. C. Beckmann ••.•... 3.30 b47.8 8 ...•• do •.••••.•.•••••••• 8.60 1~.ao Mar. 2 0. A. Steller ..••.•.•... 2.30 b38.2 10 ...•. do .••••....•••••••• 5.88 1,630 

~~ 10 M. F. Rather ...••.•... 4.40 620 Sept. 4 E. E. Dlllon ......•.... 4.28 659 

12 H. C. Beckman ........ 4.37 621 5 H. C. Beckman ••••.•.. 3.87 414 

a Ice at control section. b Measurement made under complete Ice cover. 

1 Previously determlried as 23,000 second-feet from a curve the highest measutament of wlitcb WBS made 

at a stage of only 7. 7 feet. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 155 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Black Rive:r at Neillsville, Wis. ,for the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914. 

[A. Bissell, observer.] 

Day. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------------------------ 1. .•....•.........•. -------· 2.95 5.9 3.9 6.9 7.6 4.25 7.0 2. 75 3.11 2 •.....•..•.•..•.•.. ·······- 3.05 5.6 3.05 6.9 6. 7 3.9 6.8 2.68 3.40 

3 ......•..•.•..•..•. ·······- 2.95 5.2 2. 75 6.5 6.1 3.85 5.8 2.49 4.3 4 .•..•..•••.•.•••••. ........ 2.8 5.0 3.1 6.0 .1. 6 10.8 5.0 2.55 4.3 

5 .•..••.•.•.•••••.•• ........ 2.65 5.0 3.2 5.5 5.2 17.5 4.4 2.41 5.5 

6 ..••••••.•••..•.••. ........ 2.9 4.8 3.9 5.3 5.1 13.2 4.2 2.50 5.7 7 ••••••.•••.•.•••••. ........ 2. 7 4.7 3.3 5.1 4.8 11.2 3.9 2.34 4.3 

8 •••..•.•..•.•••.... -------- 2.7 4.5 3.2 4.8 4. 7 9.0 3.55 2.40 3. 75 9 ••.•••••••.•..••.•. ......... 2.7 4.35 3.1 4.6 4.5 7.3 3.36 2.38 3.40 

10 •••••••••••••.•..•. ............ 2.7 4.5 3.1 4.4 4.3 6.0 3.22 2.54 3.21 

11. .•.••.•.•••.••.••. 3.4 2.65 4.3 3.25 4.4 4.25 5.3 3.08 2.59 3.45 12 .•••.•••••••..••.•. ........ 2.65 4.2 3.65 4.4 4.4 4.6 3.8 2.54 3. 75 13 ..•.•.••.•..•..•.•. ......... 2.15 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.15 6.0 2.65 3.85 14 .••.•••.•.•••••••.. ......... 2.95 4.3 5.6 4.9 4.05 3.9 5.2 2. 70 4.9 

15 •......•.•..•..•... ·······- 3.1 4.2 6.6 5.2 4.05 3.85 4.5 2.49 7.9 

16 .......••..••••.... ·------- 3.05 3.55 6.3 5.3 3. 75 4.45 3.9 2.52 7.5 17 ...•.....•......... 3.1 3.3 6.9 5.6 3.55 4.15 3.5 2.41 7.4 

18 ..•................ 3.25 4.05 6.4 5. 7 3.44 3.8 3.25 3.36 6.5 

19 ..•..•.•.••.•.•.... 3.0 3.1 3.15 6.1 6.5 3.30 3.65 3.04 2.99 5. 7 20 .......•.•....•.... 2.85 3.0 3.0 5.6 6. 7 3.26 3.65 2.98 4.1 4.8 

21. ..•....•.•...•.... 2. 75 3.0 3.8 5.3 6.4 4.8 4.3 3.12 4.2 4.3 22 ..•••....•.•....... 2.85 2.9 4.2 5.0 6.0 9.1 4.5 2.81 3. 75 4.2 23 ..•.••...•......•.. 2.6 3.2 2.8 4. 7 5.7 7.7 4.2 2.86 3. 7 4.6 24 .....•....•........ 2.8 3.2 2.95 4.6 5.5 6. 7 4.25 2. 72 3.55 4.5 

25 •.•.••••.•.•..•.•.. 2.6 3.0 3.0 4.6 8.7 6.0 4.3 2.68 3.9 4.3 

26 ••••••.•••••••••••• 2. 7 3.3 2.8 4.5 8.2 5.3 4.5 2.61 3.95 4.2 

27 .....••...•........ 2. 7 3.3 3.0 4.6 7. 7 6. 7 7.2 2. 62 3.55 3.95 

28 .........•.•.....•. 2.65 3.5 3.0 4.8 8.1 5.8 8.4 2. 71 3.4 3. 75 29 .••••••••••••••.••• 2.6 5.9 ......... 7.4 9.1 5.6 8.0 2.68 3.3 3.55 

30 .•..............•.. 2.7 5.5 ........ 9.1 8. 7 5.4 6.9 2.68 3.12 3.44 

31. •..........•....•. 2.85 5.4 ........ 6.9 ........ 4.8 -··-···- 2.86 3.16 ........ 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 11, 1913, to about Mar. 31, 1914. 

Daily discharge, in second1eet, of Black River at Neillsville, Wis. ,for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Day. Apr. May. Jnne. July. Aug. Sept. Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-------- ---------- 1 ....... , .... 2,560 3,260 565 2,660 72 129 16 ..•.•..... 1,220 340 672 400 50 3,160 2 ••••••.... 2,560 2,360 400 2,460 64 210 17 ..•....... 1,430 262 515 245 43 3,060 

3 ••••.••... 2,160 1,800 380 1,570 47 590 18 ..•....... 1,500 224 360 164 197 2,160 4 ••••••.••. 1, 720 1,430 7,960 1;010 52 590 19 .•••.. ··-· 2,160 178 300 116 106 1,500 

5 ••••...... 1,360 1,150 23,000 645 43 1,360 20 .•••...... 2,360 167 300 105 490 880 

6 .••••••••. 1,220 1,080 12,500 540 48 1,500 21. .•..•.... 2,070 880 590 132 540 590 7 •••.•.••.. 1,080 880 8,640 400 39 590 22 .......... 1,720 5,160 700 79 340 540 

8 •••.•••••. 880 820 5,000 262 42 340 23 ..•....... 1,500 3,360 540 86 320 760 

9 •••.••.••. 760 700 2,960 197 41 210 24 .• •··•···· 1,360 2,360 565 68 262 700 

10 •••••••••. 645 590 1, 720 156 51 153 25 .. ···••··· 4,560 1, 720 590 64 400 590 

11. •••••.••. 645 565 1,220 123 55 228 26 .......... 3,910 1,220 700 57 422 540 

12. ••••·••·· 645 645 760 360 51 340 27 •••••••... 3,360 2,360 2,860 58 262 422 13 .••.•.••.. 700 590 515 1, 720 61 

380 I 28 .......... 3, 790 1, 570 4,160 67 210 340 14 ••...•••.. 945 468 400 1,150 66 945 29 .......... 5,160 1,430 3,680 64 178 262 

15 •••..••••. 1,150 468 380 700 47 3,570 30 .......... 4,560 1,290 2,560 64 132 224 31. ......... -····· 880 ······ 86 141 --···· 

NOTE.-Daily dischar~e determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below 445 second-feet (gage 

height 4.0 feet), and well defined between 445 and 14 300 second-feet (gage heights 4.0 and 14.0 feet). 

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and 

climatic records, as follows: Dec. 11-20, 96 second-feet; Dec. 21-31, 54 second-feet; Jan. 1-10, 51 second-feet; Jan. 11-20, 67 second-feet; Jan. 21-31, 232 second-feet; Feb. 1-10, 392 second-feet; Feb. 11-20. 84 second-feet; 

Feb. 21-28, 48 second-feet; Mar.1-10, 80 second-feet; Mar. 11-20, 1,210 second-feet; Mar. 21-31, 1.330 secondfeet. 
156 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V •. 

Monthly discharge of BlcicJc River at Neillsville, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 774 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

December 11-31. •••.•.................................•••.•.•••. 

t:~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: ~~·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2g:!! m i~~st".::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: '~ g~ September ••..•.•............ ·;......... 3, 570 129 

74.0 

120 

184 

888 

1,990 

1,300 

2,850 

510 

157 

895 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.096 

.155 

• 238 

1.15 

2.57 

1.68 

3.68 

.659 

.203 

1.16 

LA CROSSE RIVER NEAR WEST SALEM, WIS. 

Run-off 

(depth in Accudrainage racy. 

area). 

0.07 D. .18 D. 

.25 D . 1.33 D. 

2.87 A. 

1.94 B. 4.11 A. .76 B. .23 B. 

1.29 B. 

Location.-At highway bridge 2 miles west of West Salem, Wis., and 10 miles above 

the mouth of the river. Dutch Creek enters from the right 6 miles above the 

station. 

Drainage area.-412 square miles. 

Records available.-December 22, 1913, to September 30, 1914. 

Gage.-Chain gage fastened to concrete guardrail on the upstream side of bridge; 

read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths 

below 1.0 foot, half-tenths between 1.0 and 2.0 fpet, and tenths above 2.0 feet. 

Channel and control.-Heavy gravel and rock; probably permanent. The section 

of the bridge was originally unfavorable for making accurate discharge measurements. The channel was, however, cleaned out during the summer of 1914, 

making accurate di~charge measurements possible. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from upstream side of bridge during medium and 

high stages; by wading during low stages. 

Regulation.-During low stages a small diurnal fluctuation at the gage is caused by 

operation of power plant above. 

Accuracy.-Results only fair; accuracy of records impatred by artificial regulation 

of flow. 

Discharge measurements of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914 .. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- height. charge. Date. Made by- G!!-ge Dishelght. charge. 

-----l--------------l--------~l--------------4----

Dec. 22 

Jan. 22 

22 

Feb. 27 Mar. 28 lune 23 

25 

H. c. Beckman ••••.... 0. A. Steller .•......... W. G. Hoyt .•...•...... 0. A. Steller ..••.•••... H. C. Beckman ....... . ••..• do •••••..•••••••••• ••••. do ••••••••••••••••. 

Feet. 

1.16 

1.45 

1.32 

1.34 

1.32 

2.37 

1.80 

Sec.-ft. a 186 

a 169 

a174 

a203 

194 

626 

375 

June 29 

29 

29 

30 

Aug. 31 

Sept. 1 

G. H. Canfteld .•....... .•••• do •••••.......•.••. ••••• do ••••••••••••••••• •.•.• do •••••••••.•.••••. Beckman and Dillon ... •••.• do ••••••••.•.•••••• 

a Measurement made under partial Ice conditfon& 

Ncmc.--See "Channel and control" in station description . 

• 

Feet. 

4.27 

3.85 

3.70 

2. 79 1.48 

1.48 

Sec.-ft. 

1.230 

1.080 

1,020 

774 

235 

223 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 157 

Daily gage height, in feet, of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

[Henry Schucht, observer.] 

Day. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------------------------- 1.. 000 ••••••• 00 0 ••• 0 ........ 1.45 1.65 1.8 1.9 1. 75 1.55 2.2 1.5 1.7 2 •.....••••.•.•..•.. ........ 1.45 1.6 2.0 1.85 1. 7 1.45 2.2 1.5 1.75 3 •.•..•...•.•...••.. ········ 1.45 1:5 1.65 1.75 1.6 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.6 4 •.................. ·····-·· 1.45 1.5 1. 75 1.65 1.6 1.55 2.0 1.5 1.5 5 ••••.•••••••....•.. ........ 1.45 1.45 2.0 1.5 1.65 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.4 

6 ••.•..•.••.•.•...•. -······· 1.45 1.4 2.1 1.55 1.5 1.95 1. 75 1.4 l.L 7 •...•..•...•....... -------- 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.55 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.4 8 ..•....•.•.......•• ......... 1.45 1.3 2.0 1.6 1.4 2.4 1. 7 1.45 1.45 9 .•. : .....•.•••.•... ......... 1.5 1.45 1.8 1.55 "1.45 3.2 1. 75 1.4 1.45 10 ••.•.•••••.....•.•• ........ 1.4 1.4 1.75 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.6 1.45 1.4 

11 ................... --······ 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 12 ................... -······· 1.2 1 •. 5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1. 75 2.5 1.45 1.4 13 ................... -------· 1.1 1.4 1.65 1.55 1.5 1.65 2.5 1.5 1.55 14 ................... -------· 1.4 1.45 1. 7 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.2 1.4 1.9 15 •..•...........•••. -······· 1.6 1.4 1. 7 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.35 2.0 

16 •...•............•. ........ 1.55 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.4 1. 7 1.6 1.5 1.95 17 ................... -------- 1.45 1.3 1.65 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.65 1.45 1.8 18 ................... ------·- 1.4 1. i 1.55 1.55 1.<\ 1.65 1.6 1.65 1.8 19 ••.....•........... ------·· 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.35 1.6 1.55 1. 7 1.7 20 ................... -------· 1.55 1.5 1.4 1.65 1.3 1.6 1.55 1.7 1.5 

21 ................... -------- 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.55 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.5 22 .•.•...... : .....•.. 1.15 1.35 1.3 1.; 1.6 1.7 2.5 1.55 1.5 1.65 

23 ................... 1.6 1. 7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1. 75 2.4 1.55 1.6 1.55 24 ................... 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.75 1.95 1.55 1.6 1.55 25 ................... 1.45 1.3 1.45 1.5 1.85 1.85 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 

26 •......•.•.....•... 1.6 1.35 1.45 1.5 1.9 1.95 1. 75 1.5 1.5 1.5 27 ................... 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.9 3.3 1.45 1.55 1.5 28 •.•.••••••••••••••• 1.35 1.65 2.1 1.45 1.9 1. 75 4.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 

29 ................... 1.5 1.65 ......... 1.65 1.9 1.8 4.1 1.5 1.5 1.55 30 ................. :. 1.5 2.1 -------- 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.8 1.5 1.45 1.55 

31 ................... 1.45 1. 75 ········ 2.1 ......... 1.6 . ....... 1.5 1.45 ......... 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by Ice about Dee. 22,1913, to Mar. 31,1914. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of La Crosse River near West Salem, WiiJ . .for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. Apr. May. June. JUly. Aug. Sept. Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------ ---------- 1 .......... 416 348 260 551 239 326 16 .......... 239 204 3!)6 281 239 438 

2 .......... 394 326 222 551 239 348 17 .......... 239 204 326 304 222 371 

3 ........... 348 281 239 506 239 281 18 .......... 260 204 304 281 304 371 

4 .......... 304 281 260 461 239 239 19 .......... 239 192 281 260 326 326 

5 .......... 239 304 416 416 239 204 20 .......... 304 180 281 260 326 239 

6 .......... 260 239 438 348 204 204 21. ......... 281 260 595 281 239 239 

7 .......... 281 2CO 461 326 204 204 22 .......... 281 326 678 260 239 304 

8 .......... 281 204 638 326 222 222 23 .......... 239 348 638 260 281 260 

9 .......... 260 222 889 348 204 222 24 .......... 416 348 438 260 281 260 

10 .......... 239 204 595 281 222 204 25 .......... 394 394 371 281 239 239 

11 .......... 239 239 416 281 239 239 26 .......... 416 438 348 239 239 239 12 .......... 239 239 348 678 222 204 27 .......... 416 416 916 222 260 239 

13 .......... 260 239 304 678 239 260 28 .......... 416 348 1,390 239 239 239 

14 .......... 239 204 326 551 204 416 29 .......... 416 371 1,150 239 239 260 

15 .......... 239 239 371 326 192 461 30 .......... 416 371 779 239 222 260 

31. ......... ....... 281 .. ...... 239 222 -----· 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 204 and 1,310 second-feet 

(gage heights, 1.4 and 4.5 feet). 

Discharge estimated because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and 

climatic records, as tCillows: Dee. 22->11, 1913,_198 second-feet; Jan. 1-15i 1914, 178 second-feet; Jan. HHI11 214 second-feet; Feb. 1-15, 200 second-feet; Jreb. 16-28, 193 second-fee ; Mar. 1-15, 258 second-feet; ana Mar. 16-31, 262 second-feet. 
158 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V, 

.Monthly diBcltarge of La Croue River near West Salem, Wis.,jor the year enlling Sept. 80, 

1914. 

[Drainage area, 412 square miles.] 

Discharge ln second-feet. 

llonth. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

December ~1. •••.•.•.•.••••••••.•••.. .............. .............. 198 

1anuary ..•........•..••.•...•.....•.•... ............... .................... 197 

~~~~·.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .................... .................... 197 ................. ................... 200 

~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 416 239 307 438 180 281 June •...•.....•.•.•..•••.••.•.......•... 1,390 222 500 

1uly .•••.• : .•..•.•.••.••.•...••.••....... 678 222 348 August .••.•. , ..•.••••••••.•.••.•..••.... 326 192 241 

September ••••••••••••••••.•••••••.•.••• 461 204 277 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.481 

.478 

.478 

.631 

. 745 

.682 

1. 21 

.845 

.585 

.672 

ROOT RIVER NEAR HOUSTON,' MINN. 

Run-oft 

{ depth ln Acculnches on drainage racy· 

area). 

0.18 c. 

• 55 c . • 50 c . • 73 D • 

• 83 B . • 79 B . 1.35 B. 

. 97 B . • 67 B . • 75 B . 

Location.-ln sec. 34, T. 104 N., R. 6 W., at highway bridge 1 mile east of Houston, 

1 mile ah9ve the mouth of South Root River. 

Records availa.ble.-May 28, 1909, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area..-1,560 square miles. 

Gage.-Vertical staff; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits 

· of use: Half-tenths below and tenths above 1.5 feet. 

Channel and control.-No well-defined control; channel shifting, scouring out 

during :floods a.nli gradually :filling in afterward; nearly permanent at low stages. 

Discharge measure:ments.-Made from bridge. 

Floods.-River ov.er:llows during heavy rains. Estimates of discharge for :flood 8tageB 

above 8.9 feet in 1911, as published in Water-Supply Paper 305, a.re too low, on 

account of an erroneous extension of the rating curve above 8.9 feet. The highwater pa.rt ·of the rating curve, based on discharge meli.euremente made on June 28 

and 29, 1914, at gage heights 9.80 and 6.98 feet, gives the same discharge as the 

rating curve used for 1911 at about gage height 8.9 feet. At gage height 10.0 feet 

the new curve gives a discharge about 44 per cent larger than that given by the 

1911 rating curve. The dit!charge corresponding to gage height 10.8 feet (maximum gage height, which occurred on Aug. 14, 1911) is about 15.200 eecond-f(l(lt. 

Winter :dow.-When the :flow was affected by ice in 1914, estimates were based on . 

gage heights, climatic data, one discharge measurement and a compa.rieon with· 

the :flow of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, there being a well-defined 

open-water relation between these stations. 

Regulation.-No dam below the station; nea.rest dam above is at Rushford. As 

the :flow is ample at all times for the power generated at that point, it is not held 

back during certain pa.rts of the day, and the dam has no influence on the gage 

heights at Houston. · 

Accuracy.-Because of shifting channel, the results are proba,bly only fair. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 159 

Discharge measurements of Root River near Houston, Minn., d1tring the year ending Sept. 

90, 1914. 

Date. 

Jan. 23 ....................... . Apr. 9 ....................... .. June 16 ...................... .. 

a Partial ice cover at control. b Control clear. 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 

1. 73 1. 71 4. 47 

[Made by s. B. Soule.] 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. a 231 

b 383 

1,590 

Date. 

June 28 ..................... .. June29 ...................... . Sept.10 .................... .. 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 

9.80 

6.98 

1.42 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 

c 9,530 

3,180 

362 

c For about 48 per cent of the discharge in the main channel, the velocities were determined by the surface 

method. For the remainder of the discharge the velocities were determined either by the two-tenths and 

eight-tenths method or by the six-tenths method. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Root River near Houston, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 

90, 1914. 

[Olaf Larson, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. I July. Aug. Sept. 

1. ............. 1.6 1.3 1. 35 2.0 2.8 4.0 2.1 2. 7 1. 7 5.4 1.9 1.4 2 .............. 1.5 1.3 1.3 ------- ------- ........ 2.0 2.4 1. 7 4.8 1.9 2.0 

3 .............. 1.4 1.3 1. 35 2.1 2.6 3.0 2.0 2.3 1.8 4.3 1.8 1. 7 4 .............. 1.4 1.3 1.35 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 4.2 1.7 1.5 

5 .............. 1.5 1.3 1.3 ----·-- 2.3 3.0 1.8 2.4 2.4 3.8 1. 7 1.45 

6 .............. 1.4 1. 25 1.3 2.0 '"2:2· 1.8 2.2 4.9 3.4 1. 7 1.45 7 .............. 1.4 1.3 1.35 ···-··· 3. 7 1.8 2.2 4.9 3.3 1. 7 1.45 

8 .............. 1.35 1.3 ........ 2.0 2.3 3.5 1. 8 2.1 5.1 3.1 1.6 1. 45 

9 .............. 1. 45 1.3 1.3 ................ 1. 7 2.0 4.1 3.0 1.6 1. 35 

10 .............. 1.8 1.25 ........ 1.5 2.2 3.0 1. 7 1.9 3.4 2.9 1.6 1.35 

11 .............. 1.8 1.2 1.35 1.3 "'2:6· 1. 7 1.9 4.6 2.8 1.6 1.4 12 .............. 1.5 1.25 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.9 5.9 2.8 1.6 1. 4 13 .............. 1.4 1.3 1. 35 1.5 1. 7 1.8 5.2 2.6 1.6 1.5 14 .............. 1.4 1.3 1. 35 ........ 2.3 3.1 1.6 1.8 4.8 2.5 1.5 2.3 

15 .............. 1. 4 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.2 3.0 1.6 1.8 5.0 2.5 1.5 2.1 

16 .............. 1.35 1.3 1.3 "'2:2' 2.9 1.6 1.7 4. 7 2.5 1.6 2.0 

17 .............. 1.35 1.3 1.35 2.0 2.8 1.6 1. 7 3.8 2.4 1.5 1.8 

18 .............. 1. 35 1.3 1.25 2.0 '"2.'2' 2.4 1.6 1. 7 3.4 2.4 1.5 1.8 

19 .............. 1.33 1.33 1.2 2.1 1. 7 1. 7 3.2 2.2 1.6 1. 7 20 .............. 1.4 1.35 1.35 2.0 ....... 2.0 1.6 1.6 3.4 2.2 1.8 1.6 

21 .............. 1.4 1.35 1. 25 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.8 6.2 2.1 1.8 1.6 22 .............. 1.35 1.35 1.3 1.4 2.2 1.8 1. 6 2.6 4.4 2.1 1.6 1.8 

23 .............. 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.5 2.0 3.6 2.1 1.8 1. 7 24 .............. 1.3 1.3 1.45 2.0 2.2 1.8 1. 8 2.1 3.3 2.0 1. 7 1. 7 25 .............. 1.35 1.35 1.8 1.7 ........... 1. 7 2.2 2.3 3.0 1.9 1. 7 1. 7 

26 .............. 1.35 1.3 2.8 ........ 2.2 1. 7 1.9 2.2 5.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 27 .............. 1. 35 1.3 2.6 1.8 1. 7 2.6 2.1 9.8 1.9 1.45 1.6 

28 .............. 1.3,1.3 

2. 7 "'6:4· 2.8 1. 7 2.9 2.1 9.8 2.6 1.5 1.5 

29 .............. 1.35 1.35 2.2 ·····-· 2.5 3.1 2.0 7.2 2.4 1.45 1.5 

30 .............. Us .. ~:~~. 2.2 ······· ····--· 2.8 2.9 1.8 5. 7 2.1 1.45 1.5 

31. ............. 2.2 3. 4 ........ 2.3 ....... 1.8 . ...... 2.0 1.4 ......... 

No-rE,-Discharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 23, 1913, to Mar. 14, 1914. 
160 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily discharge. in 8tCt:J'IUl-feet, of Root River near Houston, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914-. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---- ~-----------~----- 1. ............. 379 303 315 ·····-· ······· ....... 533 757 407 2,160 468 340 2 ....•..•. : .... 352 303 303 ....... ....... ....... 500 638 407 1,,800 468 500 3 .•.....•.•.... 327 303 315 . ...... ....... ....... 500 602 437 H'lsll 437 407 4 ..•......•...• 327 303 315 ....... ........ ........ 468 567 500 407 352 5 ...•....••.•.. 352 303 303 -·-··-· ....... . ...... 437 638 638 1;270 407 340 

6 .....•.•.•.•.• 327 292 303 ··-··-· ........ ....... 437 567 1,860 1,070 407 340 7 .....•....••.. 327 303 315 ....... ....... ···-··· 437 567 1 860 1,~~ 407 340 8 ••••••••••••.• 315 303 B3Q9 ······· ........ ······· 437 533 1:980 379 340 9 .............. 340 303 303 ....... ....... ....... 407 500 1,420 888 379 au; 10 .............. 437 292 G309 ....... -·····- ------- 407 468 1,070 843 379 315 

11 ••.•••.•••.•.• 437 281 315 ······· --····· ------- 407 468 1, 700 799 379 327 12 .....•........ 352 292 327 ··-·-·· ....... ......... 379 468 2,490 799 379 327 13 .....•........ 327 303 315 ······· ------- ....... 407 437 2,040 716 379 352 14 .............. 327 303 315 ....... ------- ....... 379 437 1,800 676 352 602 15 .....•....•.•• 327 303 303 ······· -······ 888 379 437 1,920 676 352 533 

16 .............• 315 303 303 ....... --····· 843 379 407 1, 750 676 379 500 17 .•.•...•••••.• 315 303 315 ······- ······· 799 379 407 1,270 638 352 437 18 .............. 315 303 292 ....... ······· 638 379 407 1,g~~ 638 352 437 19 .....•.•...... 315 315 281 ----··· ....... 533 407 407 567 379 407 20 ..........•... 327 315 315 ------- ....... 500 379 379 1,070 567 437 379 

21. ............. 327 315 292 ----··· ···-··· 468 379 437 2, 700 533 437 379 22 .............. 315 315 303 ------- -----·- 437 379 716 1,580 533 379 437 23 ..••.••.••.•.• 327 303 ··----- ······· --····· 437 352 500 1,170 533 437 407 24 •••.•.••.••••. 303 303 ....... ------- ------- 437 437 533 1,~~ 500 407 407 25 .............. 315 315 . ...... -------- ·------ 407 567 602 468 407 407 

26 .••••••••••••• 315 303 ··-···· ····-·· ........ 407 468 567 2,040 500 379 379 27 ....••••.•.••. 315 303 ······· ....... ....... 407 716 533 9,470 468 340 379 28 .......•.•.•.. 303 303 ··----- ....... ....... 407 843 533 9,470 716 352 352 29 .•.•..••••.•.. 315 315 ....... ····-·· --····- 676 933 500 3,530 638 340 352 30 •••.•..•...... 327 315 ........ ······· ------- 799 843 437 2,360 533 340 352 31 ••..••.•.•.... 315 ··-···· ........ ------- ------- 602 ·····-- 437 ....... 500 327 ......... 

a Interpolated. 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve, well defined between 888 and 10,600 second· feet (gage heights3.0and 10.0 feet) and fairly well defined below 843 second-feet (gage height 2.9 feet). Di&- c~ estimated, b9came or i~e, from ga~e heights, observer's notes, disohar!(e measurements, climatic records, and the open-water relation between the flow of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro and Root River at Houston as follows: Dec. 23-31, 330 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 318 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 251 second-feet; and Mar. 1-14, 689 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Root River near Houston, Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 1,560 sqUAre miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

October........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 303 November.............................. 315 281 December........................................... 281 

January •••.......................................•...•....•••••• 

=~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: ........ 407. 

~;~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: June ••.............................•.•.. 

933 352 757 379 9,470 407 

July ••..•.....................•.........• 468 

~~~i>-e;.: ::::.:::::::::::::::::::::::: 

1--------1--------1 

2,~~ 327 602 315 

The year ......................... . 9,470 --·········· 

333 0.213 

304 .195 314 .201 

318 .204 251 .161 624 .400 

478 .306 512 .328 2,030 1.30 

828 .531 388 .249 391 .251 

564 .362 

0.25 B. 

.22 B. 

.23 c. 

.24 c. .17 D. • 46 c . 

.34 B. .38 B. 

1.45 B. 

.61 B. .29 B. .28 B. 

4.92 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 161 

NORTH BRANCH OF ROOT RIVER NEAR LANESBORO, MINN. 

Loca.tion.-In sec. 6, T. 103 N., R. 9 W., in Fillmore County, at the first highway 

bridge, 1 mile above the junction of the North and South branches, 3 miles nor1h 

of Lanesboro, and about 5 miles below a small creek that enters from the west. 

Records· a.va.ila.ble.-March 9, 1910, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-647 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Chain gage; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter~tenths. Limits of 

use: Hundredths below 2.5, half-tenths between 2.5 and 4.0, and tenths above 

4.0 feet. 

Channel and control.-Practically permanent. AB there is more than 10 feet fall 

between the station and the mouth of the South Branch, backwater from that 

stream is improbable. At a stage of 6 feet the river overflows into a former channel 

1,000 feet back from the right bank. At extreme flood stages the right bank is . 

overflowed for a width of one-fourth mile. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the bridge. At extreme flood stages· 

measurements may be made from the railroad bridge just above the junction with 

the South Branch, and at low stages by wading a short distance above station. 

Winter fiow.-Discharge relation affected by ice. Flow determined by measurements made through the ice. 

Regula.tion.-N one. 

Accura.cy.-Conditions favomble i'or accumte results and estimates should be reliable. 

Discharge measurements of North Bra,nch of Root River near Laneaboro, Minn., during the 

year .mding Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Gage 

height. 

[lllade by s. B. Soule.] 

Dlscha.rge. Date. Gage Disheight. charge. 

--'--------,l--...... ·---1---------------

Feet. 

Jan.23........................ 2.00 

t~ek:::::::::::::::::::::: · Ut 

Sec.-ft. a92 June29 .••••.....•........... b 171 Sept. 10 •..•....•.........•.•. 846 

a Partial ice cover at control; complete Ice cover at gage. b Control clear. 

97825°-WSP 385-15--11 

Feet. 

4.51 

1.94 

Sec.4t. 

1,600 100 
162 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Kreston E. Hoium, observer.! 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ••••••••••••• 2.20 1.96 2.05 . ........ 2.20 3.0 2.40 2.6 2.22 3.65 2.35 2.18 2 •••••••••••••• 2.10 1.96 2.05 2.00 2.20 3.0 2.31 2.42 2.22 3.55 2.22 2.21 

3 •••••••••••••. 2.00 1. 94 1. 95 2.00 2.10 3.0 2.25 2.48 2.29 3.5 2.19 2.21 4 •••••••••••••. 2.00 1.92 1.95 2.00 3.0 2.25 2. 75 2.32 2.45 2.16 2.19 5 •••••••••••••. 2.10 1. 95 1. 92 1. 95 2.00 3.1 2.19 2.6 2.38 3.25 2.18 2.18 

6 .••••••••••••. 2.05 1. 95 1. 92 ------- 2.00 3.2 2.11 2.44 2.8 3.15 2.19 2.11 7 .••••••••••••. 2.05 1.92 1. 94 2.00 1.90 3.1 2.12 2.44 4.8 3.05 2.20 2.08 8 .••••••••••••. 2.00 1. 95 1. 95 ------- 1.90 3.0 2.12 2.35 3.9 2.9 2.18 2.05 

9 .••••••••••••. 2.05 1. 95 1.95 1. 95 1.90 2.9 2.05 2.32 2.9 2.8 2.10 2.04 

10 .••••••.•••••. 2.05 1.96 1. 95 2.00 2.00 2. 7 2.10 2.32 3.3 2. 75 2.05 1.98 

11 .••••••••••••• 2.15 1. 95 1. 92 ........ 2.30 2.5 2.10 2.28 4.6 2.6 2.05 1.98 12 .••••••••••••. 2.04 1. 95 1. 94 2.10 2.30 2.30 2.04 2.22 4.9 2.55 2.08 1.98 13 .••••••••••••• 2.05 1.~ 1. 94 ·····-- 2.30 2.20 1.98 2.19 3.8 2.41 2.06 2.08 14 •••••••••••••. 2.05 1. 92 2.00 2.20 2.30 2.30 1. 94 2.15 4.1 2.36 2.08 2.28 15 •.•.•••••••••• 2.02 1. 92 1.96 ------- 2.20 2.85 1. 92 2.08 4.4 2.32 2.05 2.30 

16 .............. "1. 96 1. 94 1. 92 1.90 2.20 3.0 1. 91 2.02 3.5 2.36 2.05 2.25 17 .............. 1.96 1.95 1.90 1.98 2.20 2.95 1. 94 2.10 3.1 2.42 2.09 2.25 18 .••••.•••••••• 1. 95 1. 98 1.85 2.10 2.95 1. 91 2.02 2.8 2.41 2.10 2.25 19 .••••••••••.•. 2.00 1. 98 1.88 1. 95 2.10 2.9 1. 94 2.09 2. 7 2.32 2.22 2.15 

20 ..•••.•••••••. 2.01 1. 95 1.85 ------- 2.10 2.8 1. 92 2.08 3.35 2.24 2.32 2.10 

21. ....••••••.•• 2.04 2.00 ........ 2.20 2.10 2. 7 1. 91 2.06 3.6 2.24 2.18 2.05 22 ..•.•.•••••••. 2.02 2.05 ......... ------- 2.10 2.65 1. 92 2.21 3.2 2.22 2.21 2.05 23 .••••••••••••• 2.02 2.00 2.00 2.10 2.6 1. 92 2.22 3.05 2.22 2.28 2.06 24 .............. 2.00 2.00 1. 95 2.00 2.10 2.5 2.15 2.35 2.8 2.21 2.25 2.08 25 ....•••••••••• 2.01 1. 99 ------- ------- 2.10 2.49 2.12 2.45 2.6 2.16 2.20 2.08 

26 .............. 2.01 1. 98 1.88 2.10 2.20 2.41 2.18 2.38 5. 7 2.16 2.14 2.05 27 •••••••••••••• 1. 95 1. 98 1.90 2.00 2.40 2.32 2.49 2.36 9. 7 2.12 2.09 2.05 28 .............. 1.91 1. 98 ···-··· 2.00 3.4 2.34 3.0 2.32 5.6 2.65 2.09 2.00 29 .••••.•••••••• 1.94 2.00 1.90 4.6 .......... 2.Jl5 2.9 2.28 4.4 2.6 2.09 1.98 30 •.•••••••••••• 1.95 2.00 2.40 ........ 2.6 2.9 2.26 3. 75 2.45 2.06 1.98 31. ••••.••••.••• 1.95 ···--·- 1.85 2.30 ------- 2.25 ------- 2.22 ------- 2.40 2.08 .......... . NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Jan. 11 to Mar. 12, 1914. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 163 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn. ,for 

the year ending Sept. 90, 1914-. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ............. 194 121 147 112 ........... ........... 266 347 2il1 882 222 166 

2 .............. 162 121 147 132 .......... ........... 233 274 2il1 813 178 176 

3 .............. 132 115 118 132 ······- .......... 212 297 226 779 168 176 4 .............. 132 110 118 125 ........... .......... 212 414 236 747 159 168 

5 .............. 162 118 110 118 ............ ........... 191 347 259 625 165 166 

6 .............. 147 118 110 125 ......... .......... 165 282 438 568 168 144 

7 .............. 147 110 115 132 ........... 168 282 2,040 514 172 135 

8 .............. 132 118 118 125 ........ .......... 168 248 1,160 438 165 126 

9 .............. 147 118 118 118 ............ ........... 147 236 488 391 141 124 

10 .............. 147 121 118 132 .......... ........... 162 236 715 369 126 107 

11 .............. 178 118 110 ............ ........... ........... 162 222 1.830 305 126 107 

12 .............. 144 118 115 ........... ···--·· "'i94' 144 2il1 2,150 286 135 107 

13 ............ :. 147 110 115 ........... .......... 126 191 1,070 233 129 135 14 .............. 147 110 132 ............ ........... 229 115 178 1,340 215 135 198 

15 .............. 138 110 121 ....... .......... 463 110 156 1,62il 2il1 126 204 

16 .............. 121 115 110 ........... ............. 541 107 138 847 215 126 188 17 .............. 121 118 104 ............ ............ 514 115 162 590 236 138 188 

18 .............. 118 126 92 ........... .............. 514 107 138 429 233 141 188 

19 .............. 132 126 99 ......... ............ 488 115 159 378 2il1 178 156 

:Ml .............. 135 118 92 .......... ............ 438 110 156 721 175 212 141 

21. ............. 144 132 98 ........... .......... 391 107 150 882 175 165 126 

22 .............. 138 147 105 ................... 369 110 198 619 168 175 126 

23 .............. ~ 132 111 ------- ............. 347 110 201 530 168 198 129 

24 .............. 132 118 ......... .......... 305 178 248 400 165 188 135 

25 .............. 135 129 108 ·····-- ............ 301 168 286 309 150 172 135 

26 .............. 135 126 99 ----·-- .............. 270 188 259 2,940 150 153 126 27 .............. 118 126 104 ............ ............. 236 301 251 8,350 138 138 126 

28 .............. 107 126 104 ............ ............. 244 541 236 2,800 326 138 112 

29 .............. 115 132 104 ............ ............ 369 488 222 1,~ 305 138 107 

30 .............. 118 132 98 ........... ............ 347 488 215 248 129 107 

31 .............. 118 ............. 92 ........... ........... 212 ............ 201 .. ......... 229 135 .. ........ 

NOTE.-Daily discharge computed from rating curve well defined between 79 and 4 660 second-feet (gage heights,1.8and 7.0 feet). Discharge interpolated for days when gage was not read. Discharge estimated, 

because ofice, from gage heightsLo~server's notes 1 discharge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: 

Jan. 11-25, 97 second-feet; Jan. l!!Hl1, 290 second-1eet; Feb. 1-28, 110 second-feet; and Mar. 1-12, 22Dsecondfeet. 

Monthly discharge of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 647 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

October................................. 194 107 138 

November.............................. 147 110 122 

December............................... 147 92 111 

January ......... · ............................................... . 

~~~~~~~·.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ........ 54i' :::::::::::: 

143 

110 

304 

April.................................... 541 107 

!~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 8·m tU 

September.............................. 204 107 

194 

230 

1,210 

343 

156 

144 

The year ......................... . 8,350 267 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.213 

.189 

.172 

.221 

.170 

.470 

.300 

.355 

1.87 

.530 

.241 

.223 

.413 

Run-oft 

{depth in 

inches on drainage 

area). 

0.25 

.21 

.:Ml 

.25 

.18 

• 54 

.33 

.41 

2.09 

• 61 

• 28 

.25 

5.60 

Accuracy. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

c. 

D. 

c . 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B . 

B . 

B. 
164 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

UPPER IOWA RIVER NEAR. DECORAH, IOWA. 

Location.-At the highway bridge in the village of Freeport, which is 3 miles below 

Decorah and about 4 miles above the upper power plant of the Upper Iowa 

Power Co; nearest tributary, Trout Creek, which enters from the right about 

1 mile above station. 

Records available.-August 28, 1913, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-551 square miles. 

Gage.--Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to quartertenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 3.0, half-tenths from 3.0 to 4.5, and 

tenths above 4.5 feet. 

Channel and controL-Sand and gravel; may shift during high water. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from bridge. 

Regulation.-A number of small gristmills above the station produce a slight regulation. · 

Data insufficient for estimating discharge. 

Discharge mell8Urements of Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa, during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Dis- Gnge Dis- . Date. Made by- Gate heig t. charge. Date. Made by- height. rharge. 

--- Feet ·Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

Oct. 18 S. B. Soule .•.....•..... 2.52 87.1 May 21 J. B. Stewart .•••••.. :. 2. 71 139 Dec. 4 ..... do .•....•.......... 2.44 88.3 Sept. 24 s. B. Soule ...•...•.•... 2. 78 175 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Upper Iowa River ·nea'l' Decorah, Iowa, for the year ending 

Sept. 30,.1914. 

[Chas. Savoy, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. I May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

- -------------------- 1. ............. 2.51 2.40 2.50 2.25 2. 76 3.4 3.2 4.2 2.65 2.81 2 .............. 2.32 .2.40 2.50 '"2:25" 2.60 4.0 2. 72 3.2 3.1 4.05 2.60 2.68 3 .............. 2.38 2.40 2.48 2.65 3.1 3.2 4.25 2.56 2.48 4 .............. 2.30 2.40 2.45 3.2 3.1 2.58 3.0/) 3.6 3.6 2.58 2.39 5 .............. 2.38 ------· 2.40 2.30 . ...... ........ 2.50 2.92 4 .. 4 3.35 2.50 2.34 

6 .............. 2.40 2.40 2.40 ·------ ····-·· ------- 2.50 2.85 5. 7 3.25 2.54 2.28 7 .............. 2. 75 2.40 2.30 2.30 3.05 2.80 2.50 2.98 5.1 3.35 2.45 2.28 8 .............. 2.40 2.40 2.20 ------- ------- ------- 2.42 2.80 5.4 3.1 2.44 2.25 9 .............. 3.0 2.40 2.40 ··a:ao· 2.90 2.60 2.39 2.81 4.4 3.35 2.40 2.27 10 ............. , 3.15 2.40 2.45 ....... ------- 2.40 2. 75 3.8 3.3 2.44 2.31 

11 ..... ··•······ 3. 75 2.40 2.45 2. 70 2.50 2.40 4. 7 5.1 2.88 2.42 2.26 12 .............. 2.80 2.40 2.42 2. 70 ------- ······- 2.36 3.9 5.0 2.92 2.40 2.22 13 .............. 2.65 2.40 2.40 2.35 3.3 5.8 2.88 2.36 2.39 14 .............. 2.50 2.38 2.20 2.65 2.90 2.31 3.2 6.5 2.84 2.35 4.6 15 .............. 2.50 2.35 2.35 ······· ······- ....... 2.30 3.0 6.3 2.82 2.35 3.85 

16 .............. 2.50 2.35 -····-- 2.60 3.0 2.30 2.88 5.1 2.82 2.42 3.15 17 .............. 2.50 2.35 2.25 "2:60' 2.30 2.80 4.4 2.92 2.44 3.2 1S .............. 2.50 2.35 2.42 3.5 2.30 2. 74 4.05 2.75 .2.40 2.98 19 .............. 2.50 2.40 2.85 ------- ------- 2.40 2.69 4.65 2. 72 2.40 2.82 20 .............. 2.52 2.40 2.35 ....... ....... ------- 2.38 2.66 3. 75 2.66 2.68 2. 74 

21. ............. 2.45 2.48 2.30 2.60 2. 70 2.36 2.68 4.6 2.64 2.45 2.66 22 .............. 2.42 2.58 2.30 ....... 2.30 2.90 3.8 2.60 2.39 2.90 23 ..........•.•. 2.40 2.40 ....... 2.60 2.40 2.30 2.85 3. 75 2.60 2.54 2.83 24 ....... ; ...... 2.40 2.40 ··iao· 2.40 2.45 8.2 3.45 2.90 2.48 2. 72 25 .............. 2.45 2.40 ....... 2.60 2.58 2.65 5.6 3.3 2. 75 2.40 2.66 

26 .............. 2.42 2.40 ····--· 2.30 ....... 2.51 2.59 5.1 4.1 2. 72 2.31 2.61 27 .............. 2.40 2.40 ....... ·····-· ....... 2.48 3.3 4.3 8.1 . 2.65 2.32 2. 74 28 .............. 2.40 2.40 ....... 4.8 4.0 2. 46 5.4 3.95 7.3 3.9 2.36 2.59 29 .............. 2.40 2.40 2.30 8.0 ....... 2. 75 4.0 3.8 5.9 2.90 2.34 2.54 30 .............. 2.40 2.50 ·····-· 3.5 ......... 2.92 3.5 3.6 4.6 2.72 2.31 2.50 31. ............. 2.40 ....... ....... 2.60 ....... 2. 72 . ...... 3.3 . ...... 2;65 2.30 -·····: 

Non.-Disehargc relation. probably affected by ice about Jan. 5-15 and Feb. 4-28. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 165 

WISCONSIN RIVim NEAR RHINELANDER, WIS. 

· LocB:tion.-In sec. 27, T. 36 N., R. 8 EJ, at highway bridge just below Rhinelander 

Power Co.'s power station, 8 miles southwest of Rhinelander, Wis., and 8 miles 

below the mouth of Pelican River. 

Records available.-December 1, 1905, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-1,110 square miles. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage, fastened to upstream side of bridge; read once daily, 

October 1, 1913, to April15, 1914, to nearest tenth, and twice daily, morning and 

evening, to nearest tenth from April 16 to September 30, 1914. Limits of use: 

Half-tenths below 3.5 and tenths above 3.5 feet. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Little ice forms in the vicinity of the gage, owing to the relatively 

high temperature of the water coming from the service reservoirs. 

Regulation.-Flow of river controlled by the Rhinelander Power Co.'s plant near 

Rhinelander and the plant at Otter Rapids; modified also by storage reservoirs 

in the headwaters operated by the Upper Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. 

Accuracy.-Records only fair, owing to the operation of the power plants and to the 

presence of grass in the stream, which may cause backwater at times. 

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Gage Gage Dis- Date. Made by- height. Dis- I 

charge .. Date. -Made by- height. charge. 

--- Feet. Sec.{t.l Feet. Sec.-ft. Dec. 11 Hoyt and Gross ........ 2.18 554 May 2 H. C. Beckman ..•..... 4.26 2,680 

Feb. 14 0. A. Steller •.......... 2. 74 1,010 Aug. 12 M. F. Rather ..•....... 3.38 1,080 Mar. 19 H. C. Beckman ........ 2.00 554 12 . .... do .•............... 3.45 1,180 

NOTE.-Grass in channel when measurements were made. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis.,jor the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Geo. N. Kramer, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------------1-------

1. ·••·••·•·•·•· 3.9 3.6 3.4 2.8 2.0 2.4 3.3 3.5 2.8 4.1 3.9 4.6 2 •....•.••••••. 3.9 2.9 3.2 ------- 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.7 4.6 4.0 4.5 

3 .•.•••.••••••• 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.0 2.65 4.4 4.1 4.5 4 .•.••.•••••••. 3.4 3.5 3.5 2.0 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.45 2.95 4.4 3.8 4.5 

5 •..•.••••••••. 2.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.4 2.7 2.0 3.35 3.0 4.3 3.8 4.4 

6 •••••••••••.•. 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.4 3.1 4.4 3.6 3.8 7 •.••.••••••••. 3.5 3. 7 2.5 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.45 2.75 4.2 3.6 3.4 

8 .•••••••••.•.• 3.4 3. 7 2.9 2. 7 2.2 1.9 3.0 3.3 2.65 •4.0 3.5 3.8 

9 ...•.••••••••. 3. 7 2.4 2.9 2.9 2. 7 3.0 2.9 3.15 2.85 4.1 3.2 3.8 

10 •.••••••.••••. 3.9 3. 7 2.7 3.5 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.9 3.8 3.45 3.8 

11 ..••.•.••••.•. 3.7 3.5 3.1 2.2 2.6 3.3 2.8 3.3 2.8 3.9 3.35 3.8 12 ........•.•••. 2.6 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.4 2. 7 2.8 3.35 2.7 3. 7 3.05 3.7 

13 .............. 3.3 3.6 2.9 3.0 2.6 2. 7 2.8 3.1 2.5 4.0 3.1 3.5 14 .............. 3.7 3.4 2.5 2. 7 2. 75 2.8 2.9 2. 7 1.85 3.9 3.3 3. 7 15 ••..••.•.••.•. 3.7 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.2 2.0 2.8 2. 75 2.55 3.8 3.5 3.5 

16 .............. 3.9 2.4 3.5 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.75 2.9 2.65 3.9 3.7 

l 

3.6 

17 ..•.•.••.•.•.. 3.4 3. 7 2. 9 2. 7 2.8 2.8 2.85 2.2 2.8 3.8 3.8 3.4 

18 .....•••.•.•.. 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.85 2.85 3.7 4.0 3.45 

19 .............. 3.0 3.5 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.7 4.2 3.6 

20 •••••••••••••• 3.4 3.5 3.4 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.85 2.6 2,55 3.8 4.6 3.5 

21. .•.••••.••••. 3.2 3.3 2.5 2.5 2.8 2. 7 3.0 2.75 1.95 3.7 4.8 3.6 22 .............. 3.5 3. 7 3.1 2.5 2.2 1.9 2.95 2. 75 2.9 3.8 4.6 3.45 

23 ............... 3. 7 2.8 3.1 2. 7 2.9 2.6 2.95 2.6 2.9 4.0 4.9 .3.6 

24 •••••••••••••• 2.9 3.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.2 3.0 4.0 4.6 3.45 

25 .••••.••••••.• 2.9 3.3 2.2 1.7 3.1. 2. 7 3.15 3.4 3.05 3.7 4.9 3.4 

26 •••••••••••••• 2.6 3.5 2.2 3.3 3.3 2. 7 2.8 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.6 3.5 

27 ..•...••.••••• 3.4 3.1 2.4 3.0 3.9 2. 7 3.0 2.9 3.9 4.0 4.9 3.2 

28 ....•.•..••••. 3.3 2.9 2.6 3.5 2.9 2.6 3.5 2.8 3.8 4.0 4.8 3.2 29 ••.••••••••••• 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.3 . .......... 3.0 3.7 2.8 3.8 4.0 4.4 3.35 

30 .............. 3.5 2.6 3.0 2. 7 ........... 3.3 3.5 2.9 4.4 4.2 4.9 3.45 

31. .....•••.••.. 3.7 ....... 1 3.0 2. 7 ............ 3.0 ............ 2.25 .............. 4.0 4.8 -----··-

NOTE.-Discharge relation probably not m~terially affected by ice during the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 
166 SURtl'ACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in secondfetJt, of Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis., for the year 

ending Sept. 90, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------------------------------- 1 .............. 2,220 1,860 1,640 1,060 469 747 1,530 1, 750 1,060 2,220 1,580 2,480 2 .............. 2,220 1,150 1,430 1, 1!i0 1,530 1,240 1,240 1, 750 985 2,880 1, 700 2,350 

3---·---------- 1, 750 1,640 1,240 1,240 1,150 1,530 1,240 1,240 945 2,610 1,800 2,350 4 .............. 1,640 1, 750 1, 750 469 1, 750 1,240 1,430 1, 700 1,200 2,480 1,480 2,350 5 .•. ___________ 905 1,640 1,530 1,430 1,640 985 469 1,580 1,240 2,350 1,480 2,220 

6 7 .............. 

______________ 1, 750 1,530 1,330- 1,640 1,330 985 1,530 1,640 1,330 2,480 1,280 1,530 

8 1, 750 1,980 825 1,640 1,150 1,150 1,530 1, 700 1,020 2,220 1,280 1,150 .. ____________ 1,640 1,980 1,150 985 602 406 1,240 1,530 945 1,980 1,200 1,530 11-------------- 1,980 747 1,150 1,150 985 1,240 1 150 1,380 1,110 2,100 945 1,530 10 .............. 2,220 1,980 985 1, 750 905 1,240 1:060 905 1,150 1, 750 1,150 1,530 

11 .•...•.•...... 1,980 1, 750 1,330 602 905 1,530 1,060 1,530 1,060 1,860 1,060 1,530 12 .... __________ 905 1,530 1,240 1,060 747 985 1,060 1,580 985 1,640 825 1,430 13 .... __________ 1,530 1,860 1,150 1,240 905 985 1,060 1,330 825 1,860 865 1,240 

14.------------- 1,980 1,640 825 985 1,020 1,060 1,150 985 380 1, 750 1,020 1,430 15 .. ,, __________ 1,980 1,640 1,430 1,150 602 469 1,060 1,020 865 1,640 1,200 1,240 

16 ______________ 2,220 747 1, 750 1,150 1,060 985 1,020 1,150 865 1, 750 1,380 1,330 17 .•...•........ 1,640 1,980 1,150 985 1,060 1,060 1,110 602 985 1,640 1,480 1,150 

18-------------- 1,640 1,530 1,330 825 905 1,060 1,060 1,110 1,020 1,530 1, 700 1,200 

19-------------- 2J ______________ 1,240 1, 750 1,240 747 825 985 1,060 1,150 985 1,530 1,920 1,330 

1,640 1, 750 1,640 905 1,150 1,060 1,110 905 786 1,640 2,420 1,240 

21. .....•.....•. 1,430 1,530 825 825 1,060 985 1,240 1,020 380 1,530 2,680 1,330 

22-------------- 1, 750 1,980 1,330 825 602 406 1,200 1,020 1,060 1,530 2,420 1,200 23-------------- 1,980 1,060 1,330 985 1,150 905 1,230 905 1,060 1, 750 2,810 1,330 24 .. ____________ 1,150 1,860 1,060 905 1,060 1,060 1,330 602 1,150 1, 750 2,420 1,200 25 •.. ___________ 1,150 1,530 602 310 1,330 985 1,380 1,640 1,110 1,430 2,810 1,150 

26 ... ___________ 905 1, 750 602 1,530 1,530 985 1,060 1,060 1,430 1,640 2,420 1,240 27 ..•.........•. 1,640 1,330 747 1,240 2,220 985 1,240 1,150 1,980 1, 750 2,810 985 

28-------------- 1,530 1,150 905 1 750 1,150 905 1 750 1,060 1,860 1, 750 2,680 985 

29-------------- 1,980 1,530 1, 750 1:530 ........... 1,240 1:980 1,060 1,860 1, 750 2,160 1,110 30 ....•......... 1, 750 905 1,240 985 ........... 1,530 1, 750 1,150 2,610 1,980 2,810 1,200 31. •..•.......•. 1,980 .............. 1,240 985 .. ............ 1,240 ............. 638 .. ........... 1, 750 2,680 ............ 

NoTE.-Discharge computed from rating curve well defined between 775 and 3,070 second•feet. See 

"Accuracy" In station description. · 

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 90, 

1914-. 

Discharge In second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

1----.-------.----IAccuracy. 

October ............... ,........................................ 2,220 

November ......... :........................................... 1,980 

December ................................... __ ................ 1,750 

905 1,680 B. 747 1,570 B. 602 1,220 B. 

January....................................................... 1, 750 February .............. _,...................................... 2,220 

March ............................ __ .. ____ ..................... 1, 530 

310 1,100 B. 469 1,100 B. 

406 1,040 B. 

April ............. __ ........................................... 1,980 

May ...................... __ .. ____ ............. __ .............. 1, 750 

June........................................................... 2,610 

469 1,240 B. 602 1,220 B. 380 1,140 c. 

July ................................................ ,.......... 2,880 

August........................................................ 2, 810 September ................ __ ................................... 2,480 1------1--------+------

1,430 1,890 c. 825 1,820 B. 985 1,460 c. 

Theyear................................... .. . . .. . . .. .. .. 2,880 310 1,380 

N OTE.-See "Accuracy" in station description. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 167 

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MERRILL, WIS. 

Location.-At highway bridge, east end of the city of Merrill, 1,000 feet below the 

power house and dam of the Merrill Electric Railway & Power Co., and half a 

mile below the mouth of Prairie River, coming in from the left. 

Records available.-November 17, 1902, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-2,630. square miles. 

Gage.-Stevens recording gage installed September 11, 1914. November 17, 1902, 

to June 17, 1903, staff gage; June 17, 1903, to September 10, 1914, chain gage, 

attached to downstream side of the highway bridge; datum the same since June 

17, 1903; records prior to this date doubtful. From.January to July the chain 

gage was read twice daily; from August to December once daily, in the morning. 

Channel and control.-Heavy gravel and rock; probably permanent, except for 

possible scour in high water. 

Discharge measurements.-'-Made from highway bridge to which the gage is 

attached. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Little ice forn;ts at gage section. Ice forms on the right bank of the 

river below the gage, extending at times nearly to the center of the channel and 

causing a small amount of backwater at the gage. ' 

Regulation.-Upstream from the gage are the following power plants, in order: 

Merrill: Merrill Electric Light & Railway Co. 

Tomahawk: Tomahawk Pulp & Paper Co. 

Tomahawk: Tomahawk Tannery Co. 

Kings: Tomahawk Power Co. 

Hat Rapids: Rhinelander Power Co. 

Rhinelander: Rhinelander Paper Co. 

Otter Rapids: Eagle River Electric Co. 

All these plants control the flow somewhat by means of service reservoirs. The 

plant at Otter Rapids has a pondage with an area of 5 square miles. In addition 

to regulation by the plants named above, 17 reservoirs, having a capacity of over 

4,000,000,000 cubic feet, are operated for storage in the Wisconsin basin above 

Merrill by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. 

Ploods.1-0n July 24, 1912, at 5 a. m., the water reached a stage of approximately 

17.5 feet, corresponding to a discharge of 45,000 second-feet. During the 24 

hours previous 11.25 inches of rain had fallen in the vicinity of Merrill. According to C. B. Stewart, consulting engineer, Madison, the run-off of the 700 square 

miles between Merrill and Tomahawk was at the rate of 65 cubic feet per square 

mile; if the estimate is extended to the entire drainage area a1Jove Merrill, the 

flow was 17 second-feet per square mile; little rain, however, had fallen in the 

basin above Tomahawk. 

Accura.cy.-Accuracy of records impaired by diurnal fluctuations caused by the 

operation of power plants, by backwater from ice during the winter, and possibly 

from logs in the spring on the control. 

Cooperation.-Station maintained in cooperation with the United States Weather 

Bureau and th; Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. 

1 See Stewart, C. B., Investigation of flood flow on the watershed of upper Mississippi River: Western 

Soc. Engineers Jour., vol •. 23, ·No. 4, April, 1913. · 
168 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., during the year ending Sept. . 30, 1914. 

Dis- I>is- Pate. Made by- he" G~ t. charge. Pate. Made by- Gate. heig t. charge. 

--- ---

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

Dec. 9 Hoyt and Gross ......•. 5.19 a 2,150 ~r. 23 .~:?Jo~~~~:::::::: 6.35 4,330 

Jan. 19 H; C. Beckman .••..... 4.76 b 1,800 ay 4 7.51 17,100 

Feb. 12 0. A. Steller ........••. 4.96 c 1, 990 June 24 G. H. Canfield ••....••. 6.04 3,850 

Mar. 20 H. c. Beckman ••....•. 4.70 d 1,590 Sept. 12 ...... do ..•••..•.•••..... 5.30 2,190 

Apr. 22 ..... do •••.•.......•.... 7.10 •6,170 

a Ice along right bank. b About 50 per cent ice cover at gage. c About 15 per cent ice cover at gage. 

d Main channel clear of ice. • Logs floating in river. 

1 Logs jammed iu river parallel to thread of stream. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[A. F. Lueck, observer.) 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

----·------------------ 1. .....•....••. 5.9 5.6 5.8 4. 7 5.1 4.8 6.2 8.6 5. 7 7.8 5.4 6. 7 2 ...•.••.•..•.. 6.1 5. 7 5. 7 4.9 5.2 5.0 6.2 7.6 5.3 7.6 5.3 6.0 

3 .........•.... 6.3 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.0 4.8 6.0 7.6 5.:l 7.1 5.6 5.8 4 ........••.••. 5.2 5.4 5. 7. 5.4 5.2 4.8 6.0 7.4 6.8 7.2 5.4 6.2 

5 .......•...... 5. 7 5.6 5. 7 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.6 7.1 6.9 6.8 5.2 5.8 

6 ...•..•.••.••. 6.2 5.3 5.8 4.8 5.0 4.8 5.9 7.0 7.4 6.5 5.2 6.0 7 ..........•..• 5.8 6.0 5.4 5.0 5.4 4.8 5.8 6.5 7.6 6.3 5.5 5.1 

8 ...........••. 5.9 6.4 4.3 5.0 4.9 4.7 5.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 5.2 5.3 

9 .............. 6.0 5.4 5.0 5.3 4.6 4.0 5.4 6.4 6. 7 5.8 5.2 5.2 10 •••..•.•.••••• 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.2 5.4 6.8 6.4 5.5 5.0 5.2 

11 .••••••••••••• 5.4 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.4 6.2· 6.3 5.8 5.2 5.8 12 ..•.......•••. 5.8 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.7 5.4 6.4 6.5 5.8 5.2 5.4 

13 ••...••.•..••. 5.8 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.9 6.0 5.6 5. 7 5.2 5.9 14 ...•.••••••••• 5. 7 5.4 5.1 4.8 5.0 4-·8 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.8 5.4 6.0 

15 •••••••..••••. 5.6 5.1 4.4 4.9 5.2 4.8 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.3 8.3 

16 .........•.••• 5.3 4.9 4.3 5.0 4.9 5.0 5. 7 5.4 5.0 5.8 5.2 5.5 

17 .•..•••.•..••• 5.2 4.5 4.9 5.0 4.8 1).0 5.9 5.6 5.1 5.6 5.1 5.4 

18 ...•.••.•..•.• 5.6 5.4 4.6 5.0 4.8 5.1 6.9 4.8 5.2 5.4 5.2 5. 7 19 ..•....•.••••• 5.8 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.6 u 6.4 5.4 5.4 4.35 5.8 5.6 

20 .....•.....•.. 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.9 7.0 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.8 5.8 

21. ··•····•··••• 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.6 7.0 5. 7 5.5 5.8 5.8 5.5 22 •.•••••.•••••• 4.6 5. 7 4.2 4.8 4.9 4.4 6.8 6. 7 6.3 5.2 6.0 5. 7 23 .......•...•.• 4.3 5.6 4.6 "5.2 3.8 3.6 6.6 6.4 5.4 5.4 6.6 5.6 24 .....•.•.•••.. 4.9 5.0 4.4 4.8 4.8 4.6 6.8 6.6 5.6 5.5 . 7.1 5.6 

25 .........•..•• 5.2 5.0 4.3 4.6 4.8 ....... 7.4 5.9 5.8 6.0 6.7 5.4 

26 ....•...••.••. 4.9 5.1 4.2 4.8 4.9 5.0 7.4 5.5 6.5 5.6 6.8 5.4 

27 ..........••.. 5. 7 4.9 4.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 7.3 5.8 6.6 5.4 6.8 5.3 

28 ....•......... 5. 7 5.4 5.3 4. 7 4.8 4.7 8.0 5.8 7. 7 5.4 6.6 5.2 

29 ...•.••......• 6.0 5.4 5.2 5.2 ....... 5.1 8.8 5. 7 7. 7 5.2 6.2 5.1 30 •••••••••••••• 6.1 5.6 5.2 4 .. 9 ------- 5.6 8.8 5. 7 7.8 5. 7 6.5 5.1 

31. ......•••.•.. 5.6 ------- 4.3 5.2 ------· 5.8 ··----- 5.6 ------- 5.4 6.2 -------

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Jan. 1 t11 Mar. 20, 1914. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 169 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day, Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. ¥ar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug; Sept. 

---------------------------------

1. ...... ··-- --- 3,480 2,920 3,290 ............ ------- ------- 4,080 10,100 3,100 7,890 2,590 5,180 

2-------------· 3,880 3,100 3,100 ............ ............ ............ 4,080 7,370 2,440 7,370 2,440 3,680 3 .............. 4,290 2, 750 2,440 ............ ------- ......... 3,680 7,370 2,300 6,120 2,920 3,290 

4--·---·---·--- 2,300 2,590 3,100 ............. ........... ------- 3,680 6,680 5,410 6,360 2,590 4,080 

5-----·-------- 3,100 2,920 3,100 ------- ............. .......... 2,920 6,120 5,640 5,410 2,300 3,290 

6---------·---- 4,080 2,440 3,290 ........... ............ . ........... 3,480 5,880 6,860 4, 730 2,300 3,680 

1-----··----·-- 3,290 3,680 2,590 ........... ............. .............. 3,290 4, 730 7,370 4,290 2, 750 2,170 

8--·-·------··· 3,480 4,510 1,300 ........... ............. ............ 2, 750 5,880 5,880 3,680 2,300 2,440 9 .............. 3,680 2,590 2,050 ------- ............. ............. 2,590 4,510 5,180 3,290 2,300 2,300 10 ......•...••.. 2,440 2,050 2,050 ........... ........... ............ 2,590 5,410 4,510 2, 750 2,050 2,300 

11 ............•. 2,590 2,170 1,820 .............. .............. ............. 2,590 4,080 4,290 3,290 2,300 3,290 12 ••••• _. _______ 3,290 1,930 1,820 ------- ------· ------- 2,590 4,510 4, 730 3,290 2,300 2,590 13 .........••••. 3,290 2,050 2,300 .............. ............ ··-···· 1,930 3,680 2,920 3,100 2,300 3,480 14 ........•...•. 3,100 2,590 2,170 ............ .......... ........... 2,590 3,290 2, 750 3,290 2,590 3,680 15 ....•.•.••.••. 2,920 2,170 1,400 .............. ........... ............. 3,290 2,440 2,300 2,920 2,440 2,440 

16 ...•.....•.•.. 2,440 1,930 1,300 ............ ............. ............ 3,100 2,590 2,050 3,290 2,300 2, 750 

17. --·- -· -· ....• 2,300 1,500 1,930 ............ ............. ------- 3,480 2,920 2,170 2,920 2,170 2,590 18 ...•.......... 2,920 2,590 1,600 ............ ............ ------- 5,640 1,820 2,300 2,590 2,300 3,100 19 ..•...•.•..... 3,290 2,590 1,820 ------- ............ ------- 4,510 2,590 2,590 1,350 3,290 2,920 

20 •••••••••••••• 2,440 2,170 1,820 ............ ............. ........... 5,880 2,300 2,590 2,440 3,290 3,290 

21. ••..••••••••• 2,050 1,930 1,600 .......... .......... 1,600 5,880 3,100 2, 750 3,290 3,290 2, 750 22 •••••••••••••• 1,600 3,100 1,210 ......... ........ 1,400 5,410 5,180 2,440 2,300 3,680 3,100 23 ..•.....•.•••. 1,300 2,920 1,600 ··-···· ··-··-· 760 4,950 4,510 2,590 2,590 4,950 2,920 24 .............. 1,930 2,050 1,400 .......... ------- 1,600 5,410 4,950 2,920 2, 7.50 6,120 2,920 25 •••••••••••••• 2,300 2,050 1,300 a1,820 6,860 3,480 3,290 3,680 5,180 2,590 

26 •.•.........•. 1,930 2,170 1,210 ......... ........... 2,050 6,860 2, 750 4, 730 2,920 5,410 2,590 27 ...•.•........ 3,100 1,930 1,040 ------- ------- 1,820 6,610 3,290 4,950 2,590 5,410 2,440 

28 .......•...•.. 3,100 2,590 2,440 ····-·· ····--- 1, 710 8,430 3,290 7,630 2,590 4,950 2,300 29 .•......•..... 3,680 2,590 2,300 ···--·· ---·-·- 2,170 10,700 3,100 7,630 2,300 4,080 2,170 30 .............. 3,880 2,920 2,300 ------- .......... 2,920 10,700 3,100 7,890 3,100 4, 730 2,170 31. ••••...••.... 2,920 ------- 1,300 ------- ---·--- 3,290 ------- 2,920 ------- 2,590 4,080 -------

a Interpolated. 

N OTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 1,600 and 8,430 secondfeet (gage heights, 4.6 and 8.0 feet). 

Discharge estimated because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and 

climatic records, as foiJows: Jan. 1-10, 2,_1;10 second-feet; Jan. 11-20, 1;890 second-feet; Ian. 21-1!1, !.860 second-feet; Feb. 1-10, ?,020 second-feet; ~ eb. 11-20, 1,880 second-feet; Feb. 21-28, 1,710 second-feet; .M.ar. 

1-10, 1,630 second-feet; .M.ar. 11-20, 1914, 1,840 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 80, 1914-. 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Montb. 1---------,--------,-------IAccuracy. Maximum. Minimum; 

October .•.... _ .. -- ... _ .... _. ____ ._._ .. _. ____ ._._ ........... _ .. _ 4,290 1,300 

rr~~~~-:-:-:-:-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .... J~~- ...... ~:~~-

~J: -tr 111 

The year ........... __ -- ...•..... -- ....... --·-- ... --· .... _ 10,700 

Mean. 

2,910 B. 2,520 B. 2,000 B. 1,950 c. 1,850 c. 

1, 710 c. 4,68() B. 4,320 B. 4,140 B. 3,580 B. 3,280 B. 2,950 B. 

3,270 
170 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

WISCONSIN RIVER NEAR NEKOOSA, WIS. 

Location.-One and one-half miles below Nekoosa, Wis. Tenmile Creek enters from 

the left about 2 miles below the station. Big Roche a Cri Creek enters also from 

the left about 28 miles below the station. 

Records available.-May 21 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-5,500 square miles. 

Gage.-Staff gage, in two sections; read daily, morning and evening, to quartertenths. Limits of usc: Hundredths below 3.0 feet, half-tenths from 3.0 to 4.0 feet, 

and tenths above 4.0 feet. Records after September 30, 1914, to be obtained from 

recording gage in a timber well in the river, on the right bank, about 300 feet below the site of the staff gage. 

Channel and control.-Heavy gravel; clean and probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from a car suspended from a cable ha·ving a clear 

span of 750 feet a short distance from staff gage. 

Winter fiow.-Data not yet available. 

Regulation.-Flow controlled by the operation of the power plants and storage 

reservoirs above. 

Cooperation.-The Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. aided financially in establishing the recording gage and cable. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 

The following discharge measurement was made by G. H. Canfield and H. C. Beckman: 

September 22, 1914: Gage height, 3.19 feet; discharge, 5,000 second-feet. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Henry Manns, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1------------------------

1. ............. ,...... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... 3.65 8.0 2.58 3.2 2.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3.85 8.0 2.55 4.2 3.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3.85. 8.2 2.15 3.6 4.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 6.55 7.8 2.05 3.65 5 ...................................................................... 10.0 6.3 2.55 3.5 

6 ...................................................................... (a~ 

7 ...................................................................... (a 

8 ...................................................................... <: 9 ...................................................................... ( 10 ................ _ ...................................................... 9.2 

11. ..................................................................... 7.2 12 ...................................................................... 5.0 13 ...................................................................... 4.5 14 ...................................................................... 3.9 15 .... _ .................................................................. 3.8 

5. 7 2.42 4.6 1.90 4.1 1.80 3.55 1.95 3.45 2.25 

3.55 2.25 3.85 2.12 3.9 2.00 3.85 1.85 3.9 1.55 

3.6 

3.2 

3.25 

2. 75 2.45 

2.65 

2.65 

2.8 

3. 7~ 

3 •. 4 

16.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3.9 3.95 1.28 4.4 17.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 2.80 3.35 1. 75 4.8 18 ...................................................................... 2.48 3.35 2.15 5.2 19 ...................................................................... 2.60 3.3 2.78 4.5 20.............. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3.25 3.25 3.9 4.4 

21. .............................................................. 3.0 22 ............................................................... 3.35 23 ............................................................... 6.7 24 ............................................................... 8.4 25 ................................................................ 7.7 

26 ......................................................... .... : .. 6.1 27 ............................................................... 5.5 28 ............................................................... 4.9 29 ............................................................... 4.6 30 ............................................................... 4.2 31. .............................................................. 3.6 

a Water above the gage. 

3.5 2.95 3.8 3. 7 2.50 3.45 3.4 2. 50 2. 95 3. 15 2. 52 3. 4 3.6 2.50 3.95 

3.85 2.45 4.4 4.3 3.35 4.0 6.0 3.1 3. 75 7.6 2.55 3.95 8.0 2.20 3.65 2.32 3.5 

4.3 

3.6 

3.05 

3.4 

3.1 

2.90 

2.92 

2.75 

2.42 

2.45 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 171 

WISCONSIN RIVER NEAR NECEDAH, WIS. 

Loca.tion.-At the highway bridge known as "Pete-in Well Bridge," about 3 miles 

east of Necedah, Wis., on the road from Necedah to Strongs Prairie, about 5 miles 

above the mouth of Big Roche a Cri Creek, com,ing in from the left. 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-December, 1902, to June ::10, 1914, when station was discontinued. 

Drainage a.rea..-5,800 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Chain gage attached to bridge. 

Channel and controL-Bed of river near right bank rocky; both up and down 

stream the bed is for the most part sandy and, as shown by the cross section of 

measurement~!, shifts continually. 

Floods.-Highest stage recorded at this station, 16.8 feet, October 10, 1911. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Discharge relation greatly modified by ice that forms at the gage to 

a thickness of 1 to 2 feet. 

Accura.cy.-Owing to the shifting nature of the bed, estimates based on occasional 

discharge measurements would be only approximate. No estimates have therefore been prepared. 

Coopera.tion.-Gage heights furnished by the Wisc~nsin Valley Improvement Co. 

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. height. charge. 

--- --· 

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Dec. 9 Beckman and Canfield. 5.98 a 4,030 Apr. 9 M. F. Rather .......... 6.88 6,390 

Jan. 28 0. A: Steller ........... 6.26 b 2, 600 

a About 50 per cent ice cover; slush ice running. b About 90 per cent icll cover. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

__ D_a_y_. __ , __ o_c_t.-1-N_o_v_. ~ Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July., Aug. Sept. 

1.............. 6.6 6.6 5.8 7.4 ....... ....... 7.2. 11.4 7.4 ................... .. 2.............. 6.5 6.2 6.0 ....... 6.1 6.2 8.0 12.2 7.2 ....... 11 ............. . 

3 ......... :.... 6.4 6.4 6.1 7.4 ....... ....... 8.0 12.2 7.1 ................... .. 4.............. 6.2 6.2 6.2 ....... ....... ....... 8.2 11.4 6.9 ... .' ................ . 5 ........ ·...... 6.1 5.8 6.4 6.6 6.4 6.6 8.2 10.0 9.1 ................... .. 

~-------------- g-~ g-~ ~-~ ....... "'6:2' '"6:7· ~-~ ~-~ ~!-~ ....... ! ............ .. s:::::::::::::: 5:9 5:7 6:3. 7.3 ....... ....... 1:1 8:8 15:4 ::::::::::::::::::::: 9.............. 6.2 6.0 6.1 1....... 5.8 6.2 7.0 8.8 14.0 ................... .. 10.............. 6.6 6.7 5.8 i 6.5 ....... ....... 6.5 8.2 13.3 ................... .. 

11.............. 6.4 7.0 5.6 !....... ....... ....... 6.6 8.1 11.9 ................... .. 12.............. 6.2 5.4 5.5 I 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3 7.8 10.7 ................... .. 13.............. 6.8 5.4 5.8 ,....... ....... ....... 6.2 8.1 8.95 ................... .. 

~L:::::::::::: g:~ g:~ U 1'"6:4- ... ~:~ .... ~::. ~:! g ~:g :::::::~::::::: ::::::: 

16.............. 6.4 5.6 5.6 ....... (1.2 6.3 6.6 7.2 7.8 ................... .. 17............... 6.4 5.8 5.5 6.5 ....... ....... 6.7 7.1 7.5 ................... .. 18.............. 6.1 6.1 5.4 ....... ....... ....... 7.2 7.0 7.0 ................... .. 19............... 6.0 5.9 5.4 6.3 6.4 6.6 7.7 6.9 6.9 .................... . 20.............. 5.9 5.6 5.2 ....... ....... ....... 8.2 6.8 7.1 ................... .. 

21.............. 6.3 5.6 5.1 ....... 6.5 7.2 8.5 6.6 7.4 ................... .. 22.............. 5.9 5.3 5.0 6.4 ....... ....... 9.1 6.6 7.3 ................... .. 23.............. 6.0 5.4 5.2 ....... 6.2 6.8 8.9 7.1 "7.4 ................... .. 24.:............ 5.6 6.0 5.4 6.3 ....... ....... 8.5 9.8 7.7 ................... .. 25.............. 5.5 6.2 5.3 ....... ....... ....... 8.5 10.7 7.2 ................... .. 

26 ............... 5.7 6.2 5.2 7.2 .................... . 27.............. 5.3 6.1 5.5 7.6 ................... .. 28.............. 5.4 6.0 5.4 8.5 .................... . 29.............. 5.7 5.9 7.0 9.1 .................... . 30.............. 6.1 6.2 7.4 10.1 .................... . 31.............. 6.4 7.4 .......................... .. 

NOTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 23, 1913, to Mar. 31, 1914. 
172 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Wi:_SCONSIN ' RIVER AT MUSCODA, WIS. 

Loaaition.-At highway bridge 1 mile north of the village of Muscoda, Wis. Ea.gl!l or 

'ltiU Creek enters from the right about half a mile below the station. Unde~. 

Creek enters from the left 4! miles above the station. 

Records available.-December 21, 1902, to December· 31, 1903; December 4;.1913, 

to September 30, 1914. Gage heights for November 1, 1908, to December 31, 1912, 

published in United States Weather Bureau bulletin "Daily river stages," parts 

9, 10, and 11. · 

Drainage area.-10,300 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage fastened to plate girder on downstream side of bridge; read daily, 

morning and evening, to half-tenths. Limits of use: Tenths throughput entire 

range in stage during the year ending September 30, 1914. Elevation of zero 

of present gage is approximately 12.62 feet above that of gage maintained December 20, 1902, to December 31, 1903; elevation of gage during the period November, 

1908, to December 3, 1913, as read and published by the United States Weather 

Bureau, was approximately the same as during the period December 4, 1913, to 

September 30, 1914. Elevation of present gage is approximately 666.2 feet above 

sea level. 

Channel and control.-No well-defined control at this station; rock outcrops for 

about 100 feet under right hand end of .the bridge; rest of the channel is sand and 

shifts during medium and high stages. 

Discharge mea.surements.-Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods.-Levels run to a stake which was place by William Hessler, observer, at 

' the crest of a flood that occurred during October, 1911, gave a stage of 10.4 feet 

compared with present datum of gage; old residents report that the crest of a 

flood during 1888• marked a stage approximately 1 foot higher than that of 

October, 191L 

Winter :fl.ow.-,-Discharge relation affected by ice; flow determined from discharge 

measurements made through the ice. 

Regula.tion.-Nearest power plant above the station is at Prairie du Sac, about 40 

miles distant; no diurnal fluctuation at this station caused by operation of this 

plant. 

Accura.cy.-Records for year good. 

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- G~e Dis- Date. Made by- ~t Dillheig t. charge. charge. 

--- -- Feet. Sec . .ft. Feet. Sec . .ft. 

Dec. 6 Canfield and Beckman. 2.28 7,320 June 12 Hoyt and Gross ..•.•••• 8.37 43.300 

Feb. 4 Beekman and Steller ... 2.41 .. 4,680 18 Beckman e.nd Rather .. 4-48 16.100 

Apr. 3 Beckman and Rather •• 2.47 8,590 Apg. 19 Hoyt and Dillon ••..... 1.91 6,150 

May 4 H. C. Beckman ......... 3.78 13,300 

a Complete ice cover above gage; partial ice cover below. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 173 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., for the year ending ~ept. 

30, 1914. 

(Wm. Hessler, observer.) 

Day. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. I May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------- ------------

L-----····· ........ ........ 1.7 2.5 2.8 2.3 4.5 4.0 3.6 2.0 2.5 2 ................... ·-······ 1. 6 2.6 2. 7 2.4 4.8 3. 7 4.3 2.1 2.6 3 ................... ····--·- 1.9 2. 6 2.8 2.6 5.1 3.6 4.6 1.9 2.4 4 ................... 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.6 2.8 5.3 3.3 4.6 2.0 2.6 5 ................... 2.2 1.7 2.4 2.6 3.3 5.7 3.3 5.2 1.9 2.6 

6 ................... 2.3 1.8 2.4 2.6 3.4 6.0 3.2 5.2 1.9 2.6 7 ................... 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.8 3.6 6 4 3.3 5.2 1.8 2.5 8 ................... 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.8 3.4 6.4 4.0 5.4 1.8 2.5 9 ................... 2.2 1.8 2.3 2.6 3.4 5.3 4. 7 5.0 1.6 2 3 10 ................... 2.3 1.9 2.6 2.8 3.2 4. 7 5.4 4.5 1.8 2.6 

11 ................... 2.0 1.8 2.4 2.6 3.0 4.5 6.8 3. 7 1.6 2.3 12 ................... 2.1 1.9 2 .. 5 2.8 2.8 4.4 8.3 3.7 1.6 2.2 13 ................... 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2. 7 4.1 8.5 3.4 1.4 2.0 14 ................... 2.1 3.0 2.5 2. 7 2.5 3.8 8.0 3.3 1.5 2.0 15 ................... 2.1 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.6 3.9 7.5 3.0 1.6 2.3 

16 •.................. 1.9 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.4 3.6 6.6 3.0 1. 7 2.4 17 ................... 2.1 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.5 5.6 2.9 1.5 2.5 18 .......•........... 1.8 3.0 2.6 2.0 2.4 3.2 4.4 3.0 1.6 2. 7 19 ................... 1.9 3.1 2. 7 1.6 2.5 3.0 4.1 2.9 1.8 2.8 20 ••••.•••••••••.•••• 1.9 2. 7 2.7 2.0 2.6 2.8 3. 7 3.0 2.0 3.1 

21. ..•.•.•.•..•.•.... 1.8 2.6 2 .. 3 2.1 2.8 2.8 3.4 2.8 1.8 3.2 22 ••••••••••••••.•••• 1.8 2.6 2.6 2.2 3.2 2. 7 3.3 2. 7 2.0 3.4 23 •....•.•••••••••••• 1.5 2.6 2.6 2.1 3.4 2. 7 3.5 2.4 1.9 3.2 24 ................... 1.5 2.5 2.6 2.1 3.6 2.6 3.4 2.5 2.0 3.2 25 ................... 1.5 2.4 2.6 2.2 4.1 2.6 3.4 2.4 2.0 3.1 

26 •..•.•.•.•••.••.... 1.5 2.1 2.5 2.4 4.0 3.4 3.3 2.3 2.2 2. 9 27 ................... 1.5 2.4 2.5 2.3 4.0 4.3 3.6 2.2 2.0 2.5 

28 ................... 1.6 2.5 2.6 2.3 3.8 4.6 3.4 2.2 2.1 2.4 29 ................... 1.6 2.5 ......... 2.3 3.9 4.9 3.4 2.0 2.1 2.2 30 .•••.••••••••••••.. 1.5 2.6 -------- 2.3 4.2 4. 7 3.4 2.0 2.3 2.4 31. .................. 1.5 2.6 ........ 2.0 ........ 4.4 ········ 2.0 2.4 ......... 

NOTE.-Discharge relation probably affected by ice about Dec. 1, 1913, to Mar. 15, 1914. 
174 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART .V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

________ D_a_Y_·-------·i~-M-ar_. _· _A_p_r. __ Ma_Y_· __ J_un_e_. _J_u_IY_· ___ A_u_g. __ s_e_p_t._ 

1 ........ 7,620 16,500 14,400 12,800 6,510 8,400 

2.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ········ 8,010 17,700 13,200 15,700 6,870 8, 790 

3. ··········································· ··--·-·· 8, 790 19,000 12,800 16,900 6,160 8,010 

4 ................... ···········-············· ···---·· 9,570 19,900 11,600 16,900 6,510 8, 790 

5. -·········································· ········ 11,600 21,900 11,600 19,400 6,160 8, 790 

J~-~-~-((~-~-~-~-~-~~~///LHH/1/H 12,000 23,600 11,200 19,400 6,160 8, 790 

12,800 26,200 11,600 19,400 5,830 8,400 

12,000 26,200 14,400 20,400 5,830 8,400 

12,000 19,900 17,300 18,600 5,250 7,620 

11,200 17,300 20,400 16,500 5,830 8, 790 

11. ····---···································· ···-···· 10, 4Q.1 16,500 29,300 13,200 5,250 7,620 

12. •····•··•·································· ···-···· 9,570 16,100 42,800 13,200 5,250 7,240 

13 .. ·•··•··•·•····················· ...... : .... ------·- 9,180 14,900 44,700 12,000 4, 780 6,510 

14. •···••······•····················· ········· ········ 8,400 13,600 39,900 11,600 5,000 6,510 

15. •·•·•·•···•·•····•·················· ······· 8, 790 14,000 35,300 14,400 5,250 7,620 

16 ......•....•............................. -.. 8, 790 8,010 12,800 27,700 10,400 5,530 8,010 

17. •·••·••·•····•····························· 8,400 8,400 12,400 21,400 9,970 5,000 8,400 

18. •·········•································ 6,510 8,010 11,200 16,100 10,400 5,250 9,180 

19. ······•····························· ....... 5,250 8,400 10,400 14,900 9,970 5,8-30 9,570 

20 ............................................ 6,510 8, 790 9,570 13,200 10,400 6,510 10,800 

: :::::::::::: I 6,870 9,570 9,570 12,000 9,570 5,830. 11,200 

7,240 11,200 9,180 11,600 9,180 6,510 12,000 

6,870 12,000 9,180 12,400 8,010 6,160 11,200 

6,870 12,800 8, 790 12,000 8,400 6,510 11,200 

7,240 14,900 8, 790 12,000 8,010 6,510 10,800 

8,010 14,400 12,000 11,600 7,620 7,240 9,970 

7,620 14,400 15,700 12,800 7,240 6,510 8,400 

28 ............................................ 1 7,620 13,600 16,900 12,000 7,240 6,870 8,010 

~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 7,620 14,000 18,100 12,000 6,510 6,870 7,240 

7,620 15,300 17,300 12,000 6,510 7,620 8,010 

6,510 16,100 6,510 8,010 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve we'll defined between 5,830 and 16,500 second-feet 

(gage heights, 1.8 and 4.5 feet) and fairly well defined between 16,910 and 44,690 seCOilji-feet (gage heights, 

4.6 and 8.5 feet). 

Discharge estimated because of ice from gage heghts observer's notes, diseharge measurements, and 

cli:tniticrecords, as follows: Dec.1-31, 6,680second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 5,380second-feet; Feb.1-28, 5,000secondfeet; Mar. 1-15, 7,630 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 10,300 square miles. J 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

December ...................................................... . Japuary ....................................................... . February ...................................................... . March ........................................................ .. 

~~·:. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~g~ H~& June.................................... 44,700 11,200 

July. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 400 6, 510 

August................................. 8,010 4, 780 

September. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 000 6, 510 

6,680 

5,380 

5,000 

7,420 

10,900 

15,500 

18,100 

12,000 

6,110 

8,810 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.649 

.522 

• 485 

.720 

1.06 

1.50 

1. 76 1.17 

.593 

.855 

Run-off 

~~E!!'~~ drainage 

area). 

Accuracy. 

0.75 D. 

.60 D. 

.50 D . .83 c. 1.18 A. 1. 73 B. 1.96 A. 1.35 A. .68 B. .95 A. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 175 

TOMAHAWK RIVER NEAR BRADI,EY, WIS. 

Location.-Three and one-half miles southeast of Cassian, Wis., 5 miles north of 

Bradley, Wis., and about 8 miles above the mouth of the river. 

Records available.-September 18 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-422 square miles. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage fastened to cantilever arm on right bank of river; read 

to quarter-tenths morning and evening. Limits of use: Hundredths below 3.0 

feet, half-tenths from 3.0 to 4.0 feet, and tenths above 4.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-Heavy gravel; not likely to shift. Logs may collect at this 

point during spring. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from cable about hal£ a mile below the gage. 

Winter fl.ow.-Discharge relation affected by ice. 

Regulation.-Flow is controlled by operation of storage reservoirs of the Wisconsin 

Valley Improvement Co., situated above the gage. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 

Discharge measurements of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. June 23a G. H. Canfield ............... 00 ...................... 00 ...... 00 ................. 00 00 610 

Sept. 18 H. C. Beckman ................... 00 .......... 00 .......................... ' 3. 45 639 

I 

a Made from highway bridge 900 feet below the gage which was not installed until Sept. 18. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Day. 

18 ..................... . 19. OoooOOooooooOOooooooo 20 .............. OOOOOoOO 2l.oo.,ooooooooooooooooo 

22.ooooooooooooooooooooo 

Sept. 

3.4 

3.4 

3.3 

3.25 

3.2 

[Frank Sutherland, observer.] 

Day. 

23 ...................... . 

24 .............. oooo••ooo 25 ..................... .. 26 ••........•............ 

27 ................ ooooooo 

Sept. 

3.15 

3.1 

3.05 

2.981 2.89 

Day. 

23ooooooooooooooooooooooo 

29 .................. 00000 

30 .• , •.•••••••...•••.•••• 

I 

PRAIRIE RIVER NEAR MERRILL, W[S. I 

Sept. 

2.82 

2. 78 2.71 

Location.-At highway bridge 4:! miles northeast of Merrill, ~is., and about 5! miles 

above the mouth of the river. Haymeadow Creek ente111 from the left about 5 

miles above the station. 

Records available.-January 18 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-164 square miles. 1 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; re~d daily, morning and 

evening, to quarter-tenths. .Umits of use: Hundredths belpw 2.0 feet, halfctenths 

between 2.0 and 3.0 feet, and tenths above-3.0 feet. 1

1 

Channel and controL-Probably permanent, except during extreme high stages. 

Discharge measurements.--At low stages made by wading;' at medium and high 

stages from highway bridge to which gage is fastened. 1

1 

Winter flow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; discharge determined from measurement~ mada through the ice. 1 

Regulation.-N one. 

Accuracy.-Rating curve fairly well defined; records probabl~ good. 
176 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Discharge measurernents·of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., during the year ending Sept. . so, 1914. 

Date. Made by- G~e Dis- Date. Made by- G~e Disheig t. charge. hei t. charge. 

--~ --- --·- Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-~t. an. 17 H. c, Beckman ........ 1.81 a 88.5 ~r. 22 H. C. Beckman ........ 3. 76 ci 62 

Feb. 11 0. A. St<lller ........... 1.81 b 88.6 ay 4 . ...• do ................. 3.20 539 

Mar. 20 H. C. Beckman ........ 1.91 •99 Sept. 12 G. H. Canfield ......... 2.02 142 

J 

a Measurement made partly from bridge and partly from ice. Small amount of ice at control. b About 50 per cent ice cover at control. c Measurement made from bridge; small ice cover at control. ci No ice present. . 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 

1914. 

[G. H. lien, observer.] 

Day. Jan. Feb.' Mar. Apr. May. June. Jnly. Aug. Sept. 

------------------------ !. .......... :: .............. -------- 1.85 1.84 2.6 4.3 2.15 3.5 1. 79 2.15 

2 ........................... -------- 1.82 1.80 2.55 3.4 2.0 3.4 1. 78 2.2 

3 ........................... 1.84 1.84 2.45 3.3 2.0 3.3 1. 78 2.35 

4 ........................... -------- 1. 79 1.85 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.0 1. 78 2.35 

5 ......................... · .. -------- 1.80 1.85 2.4 3.1 3.5 2.85 1. 75 2.3 

6 ........................... -------- 1.82 1.85 2.3 2.8 3.4 2.6 1. 75 2.2 7 ........................... -------- 1.82 1.85 2.2 2.9 3.3 2.5 1. 75 2.1 

8 ........................... 1.81 1.85 2.2 2.8 3.1 2.35 1. 74 2;1 

9 ........................... -------- 1.80 1. 79 2.0 2.7 2.8 2.2 1. 72 2.05 

10 ........................... -------- 1.82 1. 75 2.1 2.7 2.65 2.1 1.92 2.0 

11. .......................... -------- 1.81 1. 78 2.0 2.7 2.4 1.97 1.91 2.0 

a~:::::::::::::::::::::::::: -------- 1.82 1. 76 1.98 2.7 2.2 1.91 1.89 2.0 . 1.82 1.85 2.05 2.5 2.0 2.4 1.84 2.1 

14 ........................... -------- 1.82 1.88 2.15 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.89 2.55 

15 ........................... -------- 1.82 1.90 2.25 2.3 2.0 2.25 1.84 2.6 

16 ........................... -------- 1.82 1.99 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.15 1.82 2.7 

17 ..•........................ 1.81 1.85 1. 96 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.86 2.8 

18 ........................... 1.80 1.85 1.91 2.2 2.15 1.9 1.99 1.96 2.8 

19 ........................... 1.81 1.85 1.85 3.4 2.1 2.05 2.0 2.05 2.75 

20 ........................... 1.82 1.85 1. 75 3.4 2.1 2.2 1.99 2.15 2.6 

21. .......................... 1.80 1.85 1. 78 3.4 2.75 2.2 1.95 2.2 2.45 

22 ........................... 1. 76 1.85 1. 78 2.9 3.9 2.3 1.90 2.2 2.35 

23 ........................... 1.80 1.85 1. 74 1.90 3.7 2.3 1.88 2.4 2.25 24 ........................... 1. 79 1.85 1.82 2.05 3.6 2.5 1.86 2.7 2.2 

25 ........................... . 1. 75 1.85 2.05 2.3 3.4 2.5 1.84 2.7 2.15 

26 ........................... 1. 78 1.85 2.05 2.95 2.8 2.5 1.81 2.5 2.1 

27 .....................•..... 1.84 1.89 2.1 3.3 2.65 2.75 1.81 2.35 2.0 28 ........................... 1.81 1.89 1.98 3.6 2.6 2.8 1.84 2.2 2.0 29 ........................... 1.90 2.1 4.5 2.45 3.3 1.89 2.1 1.99 

30 ............ " .............. 1. 91 2.75 4.6 2.35 3.3 1.85 2.1 1.94 

31. .......................... 1.86 2.7 2.25 1.81 2.0 

NoTE.-Discharge relation afiected by ice about Jan. 17 to Mar. 31. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

Daily di8charge, in secondjeet, of Prairie River near Merrill, Wi8.,jor the year tnding Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. I Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----~ -- ---------- 1. •........ 313 1,010 172 65..'\ 102 172 16 ••••...... 184 212 137 172 106 348 

2 .•••...... 296 614 137 614 101 184 17 ••••..•••. 184 184 137 159 112 384 

3 •••....... 261 574 137 574 101 228 18 •••••••••. 184 172 118 135 129 384 

4 ••.•..•.•. 278 535 535 458 101 228 19 ••••..•.•• 614 159 148 137 148 366 

5 ..•••...•. 244 496 655 402 97 212 20 •••••.•..• 614 159 184 135 172 313 

6 •••••••••. 212 384 614 313 97 184 21. ••••..••. 614 366 184 128 184 261 

7 ••.•.•.••. 184 421 574 278 97 159 22 •••••.••.. 421 825 212 118 184 228 

8 •.••..•.•• 184 384 496 228 96 159 23 ••••••.... 118 738 212 115 244 198 

9 •••••.•.•• 137 348 384 184 93 148 24 ••••..•.•• 148 696 278 112 348 184 

10 ••••••••.• 159 348 330 159 122 137 25 ••••..•••. 212 614 278 109 348 172 

11 ••••..•••• 137 348 244 131 120 137 26 ••••....•. 440 384 278 104 278 159 

12 •..•.•..•. 133 348 184 120 116 137 27 •..••••.•• 574 330 366 104 228 137 

13 •.••••..•• 148 278 137 244 109 159 28 •..•....•• 696 313 384 109 184 137 

14 •.••.•..•. 172 278 137 ' 212 116 296 29 •••••••••• 1,110 261 574 116 159 135 

15 ••••..•.•• 198 212 L37 198 109. 313 30 ••••..•... 1,160 228 574 110 159 126 

31. .••..•.•• 198 ------ 104 137 ··----

NoTE.-Daily dlscharge computed from a rating curve fairly-well defined between 103 and 870 secondfeet (gage heights 1.8 and4.0 feet). 

DisCharge estimated because of ice, from gage heights observer's notes, discharge measurements and 

climatic records, as follows: Jan. 17-31, 88 second-feet; l!-eb. 1-10, 87 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 86 secondfeet; Feb. 21-28, 78 second-feet; Mar. 1-10, 72 seconu-feet; Mar. 11-20, 84 second-feet; Mar. 21-31, 165 

second-feet. 

Monthly di8charge of Prairie River near Merrill, Wi8., for the year tnding Sept. 30, 1914.· 

[Drainage area, 164 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

milt!. 

JanUIIl'Y 17-31 .................................................. . 

~~%~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::. 

April................................... 1,160 118 

y-ay.................................... 1,010 159 

June.................................... 655 118 

July. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • .. • . • . • • .. . 655 104 

=hm-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ 1~~ 

88.0 

84.1 

112 

344 

401 

298 

217 

152 

213 

0.537 

.513 

• 683 

2.10. 

2.45 

1.82 

1.32 

• 927 

1.30 

LITTLE Rm RIVER NEAR WAUSAU, WIS. 

Run-otf 

~pth in Accu-

~W:S: racy. 

area). 

0.30 c. 

.53 c. 

.79 c . 

2.34 A. 2.82 B. 2.03 A. 

1.52 A. 

1.07 B • 1.45 A. 

Looation.-At second highway bridge above the mouth, about 3! miles west of 

Wausau, Wis., and 1 mile above the junction with Big Rib River. 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-January 10 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea.-76 square miles. 

Gage.--Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read daily, 

morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below·2.0 

feet, half-tenths between 2.0 and 3.0 feet, and tenths above 3.0 feE-t. 

Channel and control.-Heavy gravel; free from vegetation. Probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge during high 

water; at low and medium stages by wading. 

Regulation.-None. 

Accuracy.-Records excellent except for periods when ice is present. 

97825°-WSP 385-15-12 
178 SURFACE WATE~ SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Discharge '1MQ.8'/JrenumtB of Little Rib River near Wausau, Wia., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. 

Jan. 9 

Feb. 9 

Mar. 21 

Apr. 21 

Made by- Gage 

height. 

Feet. 

H. C. Beckman ........ 1.23 

0. A. Steller ........... 1.42 

H. C. Beckman ........ 1.48 .. ... do ................. 2.15 

a Small amount of Ice at control. b Complete ice cover at control. 

Dis· 

charge. 

Sec.-ft. a7.5 

b8.2 

C24 

dl07 

Date. Made by- Gate heig t. 

Feet. 

May 5 H. C. Beckman ........ 2.24 

June 5 W. G. Hoyt.. .......... 6.15 

Sept. 3 .. ... do ................. 1. 72 

c Ice at measuring section, open at control. a No ice at control. 

Discharge. 

Sec.1t. 

129 

764 

52 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Rib River near Wausau, Wia., for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

(Harry Hartwig, observer.] 

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------------------ !. .......................... ............. 1.62 1.29 2.6 2. 75 1.42 3.4 1.22 4.2 

2 ............................ --···--- 1.48 1.26 3.2 2.45 1.36 3.1 1.21 2.05 

3 ........................... -----·-- 1.42 1.28 2.45 2.15 1.64 2.2 1.20 1.68 

4 ........................... -----·-- 1.39 1.25 2.1 2.45 a7.8 1.95 1.20 1.56 

5 ........................... -------- 1.42 1.24 1.88 2.25 5.4 1.82 1.19 1.50 

6 ..•.•••.....•.............. ................ 1.38 1.25 1. 72 2.15 3. 7 1. 72 1.18 1.52 7 ........................... ............... 1.38 1.26 1.88 1. 98 5.3 1.64 1.18 1.48 

8 •..•....................... -------- 1.36 1.25 1.68 1.86 3.6 1.55 1.18 1.40 

9 ........................... "Ti2. 1.42 1.22 1.84 1.76 2.6 1.49 1.18 1.35 

10 ••......................... 1.48 ·1.22 1.60 1.74 2.2 1.44 1.24 1.42 

11 ........................... 1.21 1.48 1.22 1.58 1. 72 2.0 1.41 1.31 1.69 

12 ....... c ................... 1.24 1.45 1.21 1.62 1.78 1.86 1.41' 1.25 1.51 

13 ........................... 1.28 1.42 1.25 2.1 1.64 1.78 1. 72 1.21 1.56 14 ........................... 1.27 1.39 1.36 1.92 1.55 1.72 1.54 1.20 2.55 

15 ........................... 1.22' 1.4 3.4 2.1 1.48 1.80 1.41 1.19 2.7 

16 ........................... 1.21 1.44 4.4 2.2 1.46 1.65 1.36 1.24 2.1 

17 ........................... 1.24 1.32 3.4 2.15 1.42 1.55 1.32· 1.32 1.8& 

18 .••••...................... 1.21 1.35 2.35 2.15 1.38 1.48 1.30 1.39 1. 75 

19 ........................... 1.21 1.34 2.0 2.8 1.36 1.86 1.31 1.65 1.65 

20 ........................... 1.22 1.3 1.84 2.35 1.32 1.72 1.30 1.51 1.58 

21. .......................... 1.21 1.31 1.52 2.1 2.1 1.65 1.26 1.36 1.54 

22 ........................... 1.24 1.29 1.38 1.98 4.6 1.68 1.25 1.30 1.54 

23 ........................... 1.24 1.29 1.48 1.88 2. 75 1.55 1.26. 1.34 1.54 

24 ........................... 1.26 1.29 1.38 1.82 2.2 1.82 1.26 1.54 1.51 

25 ........................... 1.26 1.24 2. 75 2.9 2.1 1. 78 1.26 1.34 1.54 

26 ........................... 1.28 1.26 3.9 2.5 1.92 1.60 1.24 1.20 1.48 

27 ........................... 1.26 1.25 2.05 2.15 1.92 3.50 1.26 1.25 1.42 

28 ........................... 1.25 1.25 1.95 4.1 1. 74 3.6 1.30 1.25 1.41 

29 ........................... 1.24 ................ 2.8 5.7 1. 62 2.3 1.29 1.24 1.38 

30 ........................... 1.58 ................ 5.9 3.6 1.54 1.95 1.24 1.22 1.35 

31. .......................... 1. 76 ............... 2.75 ............ 1.46 ............... 1.24 1.36 ................ 

a Gage height at 6 p. m. 9.85 feet. 

NoTE.-Discharge relation a11ected by Ice about Jan. 22 to Mar. 14. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 179 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis.,for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------1---1----------------

!. ................................................. . 2 .................................................. . 3 ................................................. .. 4 ................................................. .. 5 ................................................. .. 

6 ................................................. .. 7 .................................................. . 8 ................................................. .. 9 ................................................. .. 10........................... 5 .............. .. 

11 .......................... . 12 .......................... . 13 .......................... . 14 .......................... . 15 .......................... . 

16 .......................... . 17 .......................... . 18 .......................... . 19 .......................... . 20 .......................... . 

8 .............. .. 9 

11 

10 

8 

8 

9 

8 

8 

8 

304 

465 

304 

138 

89 

67 

21........................... 8 ........ 28 22........................... ........ ........ 17 23........................... ........ ........ 24 24........................... ........ ........ 17 25........................... ........ ........ 200 

26........................... ........ ........ 384 27........................... ........ ........ 96 28........................... ........ ........ 82 29........................... ........ ........ 208 30........................... ........ ........ 772 31........................... ........ ........ 200 

176 

272 

154 

103 

72 

51 

72 

46 

67 

36 

34 

38 

103 

78 

103 

117 

110 

110 

208 

138 

103 

86 

72 

64 

224 

161 

110 

416 

686 

336 

200 20 154 16 110 41 154 a 1,150 124 635 

110 352 

86 618 

69 336 56 176 53 117 

51 89 58 69 41 58 31 51 24 61 

23 42 20 31 17 24 16 69 13 51 

103 42 499 46 200 31 117 64 

103 58 

78 36 78 320 53 336 38 131 30 82 

23 

a Discharge at 6 p.m. 1,880 second-feet (gage height 9.85 feet). 

304 8 432 

256 8 96 117 7 46 82 7 32 

64 7 26 

51 6 28 

41 6 24 31 6 18 25 6 15 21 ·9 20 

19 13 47 19 10 27 51 8 32 

30 7 168 19 7 192 

16 9 103 13 13 67 12 17 54 

13 42 42 

12 27 34 

10 16 30 10 12 30 

10 14 30 

10 30 27 

10 14 30 

9 7 24 

10 10 20 12 10 19 12 9 17 9 8 15 9 16 

NoTE.-Dally discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 7 and 830 second-feet (gage heights 1.2 and 6.5 feet). 

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Jan. 22-31, 13 seccnd-feet; Feb. 1-10, 11 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 8 second-feet; 

Feb. 21-28, 4 second-feet; and Mar. 1-14, 6 second-feet. · 

Monthly discharge of Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis. ,for the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914. 

[Drainage area, 76 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

January 1{}-31. ................................................. . February ...................................................... . March.................................. 722 .....•.•.... 

~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~g ll ~~;.·.·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,~~ 1g August................................. 42 6 September.............................. 432 15 

10.5 

7.9 

111 

145 

88.1 

172 

72.0 

11.9 

58.2 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.138 

.104 

1.46 

1.90 

1.16 

2.26 

• 553 

.157 

• 766 

Run-ofi 

~~E~! drainage 

area). 

Accuracy. 

0.11 c. .12 c. 1. 68 c. 2.12 A. 1.34 A. 2.52 A. .64 A • .18 B. .85 B. 
180 'SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

EAU CLAffiE RIVER AT KELLEY, WIS. 

Location.-At highway bridge three-fourths of a mile below Kelley, Wis., about 1 

mile above mouth of Big Sandy Creek, which enters from the right, and 4! miles 

above mouth of river. 

Records available.-January 1 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-326 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 1.0 foot, 

half-tenths between 1.0 and 2.5 feet, and tenths above 2.5 feet. 

Channel and controL-Heavy gravel and rock; permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge at medium and 

high stages; by wading below bridge at low stages. 

Regulation.-Immediately above the gage is a dam that was formerly used to create 

a pond at a mill but is now used for floating logs; during a few days in the spring 

the manipulation of the gates in the dam causes sudden fluctuations at the gage; 

at other times the flow is natural. 

Accuracy.-Records excellent. 

Di&charge measurements of Eau Claire River at Kelley, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 

$0, 1914. 

Date. 

Jan. 1 

Feb. 10 

Mar. 21 

Apr. 21 

Made by- Gr:,te Dis- Date. Made by- heig t. charge. 

Fut. Sec.-ft. G. H. Canfield ......... 0.77 a77 May 6 H. C. Beckman ........ 0. A. Steller ........... .90 b 130 June 5 W. G. Hoyt ............ H. C. Beckman ........ .91 C103 Sept. 2 .•••• do ................. .. ... do ................. 2.61 a 855 

a Wading measurement, 400 feet below gage; no ice present. b Measurement made under complete ice cover about 1,000 feet below gage. c Wading measurement; little ice present. d Measurement made from bridge. 

Gr:,te Disheig t. charge. 

--- Fut. Sec.-ft. 

2.23 d651 

3.22 1,260 

1.69 333 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Eau Claire River near Kelley, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

[John Duginski, observer.]. 

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------- !. .......................... 0. 78 0.85 ........ 2.1 3.1 1.8 3.2 0.51 1.3 

2 ........................... . 79 .84 ··-····- 1.9 3.0 1. 75 3.0 1.65 

3 ........................... .80 .82 ····-··- 1.8 -------- 2.4 2.7 .50 1.8 

4 ........................... .82 .85 -------- 1.7 2. 7 4.4 ......... .50 1.85 

5 ........................... .81 .85 0.90 1.5 2.45 4.0 2.2 .50 1.8 

6 ••• ••••••·••••••••··•· ....• .82 .84 .94 1.65 2.15 3. 7 1.9 .50 1.75 7 ........................... .82 .84 .92 1.6 2.05 3.4 1.6 .50 1.7 

8 ........................... .85 .82 ------·· 1.5 1.9 3.2 1.2 .49 1. 7 9 ........................... .86 .86 .95 1.3 1.7 3.1 1.1 ......... 1.7 

10. ••••·•·••·••·•·•·• ....•.•. .85 .85 1.0 1.25 1.6 2. 7 1.0 .80 1.8 

11 ........................... 1.4 .86 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.2 .98 • 79 2.2 

12 ........................... 1.4 .92 .95 1.1 1.3 2.05 1.0 .65 2.5 

13 ........................... .84 .91 1.0 1.2 1.15 1.85 1.2 .46 2.5 14 ........................... .82 .89 1.1 1.3 1.05 1.9 1.1 .46 2.2 

15 ........................... .86 .88 -------- 1.4 1.2 1.95 1.1 .45 1.9 

16 ........................... .84 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.15 Us 1.0 .60 1.95 

17 ........................... .84 1.05 1.2 1.65 1.2 1.7 1.05 .72 2.15 

18 ........................... .82 1.05 1.1 1.8 1.1 1.5 .96 .98 1.9 

19 ........................... .S4 1.0 1.1 2.1 1.05. 1.4 1.2 1.65 

20 ••••..••.•.••.......•.•.... .85 1.05 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.3 .92 1.25 1.·5 

21. .......................... .85 1.05 1.0 2.7 1.3 .81 1.15 1.4 

22 ........................... .85 .98 1.0 2.5 3. 7 1.4 .79 1.1 1.3 

23 ........................... .84 1.0 1.0 2.05 3.1 1.5 .72 1.0 1.15 

24 ••••.....•••.•..•••......•. .84 -------- 1.0 2.1 2.6 1.5 .69 .92 1.05 

25 ••••••.••.•.•...•....•••..• .82 -------- 1.0 2.25 2.8 1.5 .62 .86 .75 

26 ........................... .84 -------- 1.1 2.7 2.25 1.5 .60 .82 .66 

27; .......................... .84 -------- 1.1 2.9 2.05 2.1 .66 .82 28 ••••••••••••.•.••.•.•.•...• .84 ........ 1.2 2.0 3.8 .71 .81 .61 

29 ........................... . 78 ···----- -------- 4.0 2.2 3.4 .64 .84 .49 

30 ........................... .84 -------- 1.9 ......... 2.1 3.4 .55 .80 .51 

31 ........................... .85 ......... 2.1 -------- 1.9 ........... .51 .89 ........... 

NOTE.-Dischal'ge relation 'atrected by Ice about Jan. 11 to Mar. 20. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 181 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Eau Claire River near Kelley, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. . 

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

----------1------------------------

L---·----------------------

2 •••••• --------------------- 3--·-·---------------------- 4 __________________________ _ 

5----·----------------------

6 ......................... .. 1 ................ : ......... . 8 .......................... . 9 .......................... . 10 ......................... .. 

79 ............... . 80 

82 

86 

84 

86 -------- -------- 86 

92 

94 

92 

11 ................................................. .. 12 ................................................. .. 13 ........................................... -------- 14 ........................................... -------- 15 ................................................. .. 

16 ..... , ........................................... .. 17 ................................................. .. 18 ................................................. .. 19 ................................................. .. 20 .................................................. . 

21........................... ........ ........ 125 22 ..................................... ,.____ 125 

23........................... ........ ........ 125 

24........................... ........ ........ 125 

25........................... ........ ........ 125 

26........................... ........ ........ 150 

27........................... ........ ........ 150 

28........................... ........ ........ 176 

29........................... ........ ........ a310 30 ............. ____________ ,. ........ ........ 443 

31........................... ........ ........ 557 

557 

443 

390 

340 

261 

318 

296 

261 

203 

190 

176 

150 

176 

203 

231 

261 

318 

390 

557 

1,120 

925 

800 

528 

657 

647 

925 

1,060 

a1,440 

1,820 

1,500 

a Interpolated. 

1,180 

1,120 

a1,020 

925 

769 

587 

528 

443 

340 

296 

261 

203 

163 

138 

176 

163 

176 

150 

138 

125 

203 

1,600 

1,180 

862 

990 

647 

528 

499 

617 

657 

443 

390 1,250 45 203 

365 1,120 a 44 318 

738 925 44 390 

2,120 a771 44 416 

1,820 617 44 390 

1,600 443 44 365 

1,390 296 44 340 1 250 176 43 340 

1;180 150 a62 340 

925 125 82 390 

617 120 81 617 

528 125 61 800 416 176 40 800 

443 150 40 617 

471 150 40 443 

390 125 55 471 

340 138 70 587 

261 116 120 443 

231 a l12 176 318 203 107 \90 261 

a217 84 163 231 

231 81 150 203 

261 70 125 163 

261 66 107 138 

261 57 94 74 

261 55 86 62 

657 62 86 a 59 

1,670 68 84 56 1,390 60 90 43 

1,390 50 82 45 45 100 

NoTE.-Dally discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 67 and 1,460 second-feet 

(gage heights, 0.7and 3.5 feet). 

Discharge estimated because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes discba.rge measurements, and 

climatic records, as follows: Jan. 11-20, 84 second-feet; Jan. 21-31, 77 second-feet; Feb. 1-10, 72 second-feet; 

Feb. 11-20, 73 second-feet; Feb. 21-28, 72 second-feet; Mar. 1-10, 89 second-feet; and Mar. 11-20, 135 secondfeet. 

Monthly discharge of Eau Claire Ri·ver near Kelley, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 326 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

~':b~;;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

March ..................... _.____________ 557 .......... .. 

~~ __ :: __ :.:n: :: ::: ~~m 1 

79.7 

72.4 

150 

568 

549 

739 

265 

81.8 

331 

Per 

square 

mile. 

0.244 

.222 

.460 

1. 74 

1.68 

2.27 

• 782 

.251 

1.02 

Run-off 

~~:: drainage 

area). 

Accuracy. 

0.28 c. 

.23 D. 

.53 c. 1.94 B. 1.94 A. 

2.53 A. 

.90 A • .29 B. 

1.14 A. 

\ 
182 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

BIG EAU PLEINE RIVER NEAR STRATFORD, WIS. 

Loca.tion.-Highway bridge at a place locally known as Weber Farm, about 2 miles 

north of Stratford, Wis. Station is about 1 mile above the Northwestern Railroad 

bridge. Dill Creek enters from the right about 5 miles above the station. 

Records a.va.ilable.-July 24 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-223 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Sloping gage, reading from 1.0 to 15.6, on the right bank of the river; on same 

section and at upper end of sloping gage is a vertical staff gage, reading from 15 

to 18 feet; gage read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of 

use: Hundredths below 2.0 feet, half-tenths between 2.0 and 3.0 feet, and ~enths 

above 3.0 feet. 

Cha.n.nel a.nd control.-Heavy gravel; probably permanent except during high 

stages. 

Discha.rge measurements.-At low stages made by wading near gage; at medium 

and high stages made either from a highway bridge or the Northwestern Railroad 

bridge, both below the gage. 

Winter fiow • .:..._Discharge relation affected by ice; flow determined by measurements 

made through the ice. 

Regulation.-None. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 

Discharge measurements of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, WiB., during the year 

ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

Date. Made byJuly 23 H. C. Beckman •.•.................•.................•••...•...••••••••••• aept. 18 M. F. Rather •.........................................•..........•.•••••• 

a Wading measurement, 1,000 feet below gage. 

Feet. 

1.83 

3.78 

·Dfs. 

charge. 

8sc.1t. 

a29,8 

898 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, WiB., for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

(Christian Weber, observer.] 

Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. 

1 ••••.••••••. ........ 1.80 2.5 11 ••••.••••••• ............ 1.70 2.2 21. ••••••••••• . ........ 2.:t 2.4 

2 ..••.•.•.•.• ........ 1.80 2.25 12 .•.•.•.••••• ............ 1.68 2.36 22 •••••••••••• .. ........ 1.98 2.45 

3 ••.••••••••• ........... 1.75 2.3 13 ••••.•.••.•• .. ......... 1.6!! 2.2 23 ••..•••••••. ·i:a·· 1.98 2.7 

4 ••...•••.•.. ........... 1.72 2.15 14 ............ .. ......... 1.70 3.3 24.. ........... 2.6 2.55 

5 ............ ............ 1. 70 2.1 15 ............ .. ......... 1.65 4.0 25 ............ 1.8 2.25 2.4 

6 ............ ............ 1.65 2.1 16 ............ ............ 1.65 3.6 26 ............ 1. 78 2.1 2.3 

7 ............ .......... 1.65 2.05 17 ............ ........... 1.65 3. 7 27 ............ 1.82 1.92 2.2 

8 ............ ........... 1.6~ 1.98 18 ............ ............ 2.2 3.8 28 ............ 1.92 1.85 2.1 

9 ............ .......... 1.6 1.92 19 ............ ........... 2.5 3.0 29 ............ 1.98 1.85 2.05 

10 ............ ........... 1.68 1.92 20 .. , ......... ............ 2.25 2.6 30 ............ 1.92 1.82 2.0 

31 ............ 1.88 1.90 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 

PLOVER RIVER NEAR STEVENS POINT, WIS. 

Location.-At Fast Waters highway bridge, 7 miles above mouth of river. 

Records available.-January 5 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-136 square miles. 

183 

Gage.-Metal staff gage bolted to the left abutment, downstream side of bridge; read 

daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths 

below 1.0 foot, half-tenths between 1.0 and 2.0 feet, and tenths above 2.0 feet. 

Channel and control.-Gravel; smooth, free from vegetation; probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached. 

Winte.r :fl.ow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; :flow determined from discharge 

measurements made through the ice. 

Regulation.-Two dams are used in connection with gristmills above the station, 

but the plants have little pondage, so that :flow at the gage is nearly natural. 

Accuracy.-Rating curve well defined; records probably good. 

Discharge measurements of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wu., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. 

Jan. 5 Feb. 6 Mar. 23 Apr. 30 

30 

Made by- Gage DisI Date. Made by- height. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. H. C. Beckman ...•.... 1.30 a124 May 6 H. C. Bockman •..•.... 0. A. Steller .•......... 1.43 b 113 June 6 W. G. Hoyt ............ H. C. Beckman ..•..... 1.15 c 111 9 II. C. Beckman ........ •.•.• do •••...........•.. 2. 75 502 Sept. 23 G. H. Canfield •.•...•.. .•..• do •................ 2. 76 519 

a Measurement made from bridge; little ice. b Measurement made from bridge; about 90per cent ice cover. c Thin ice at edge only. 

Gage Dis- height. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. 

1.90 282 4.15 1,120 3.38 697 1. 75 252 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wu., for the year er.ding 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[C. A. Van Order, observer.] 

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------------

1. 0 0 0 ...... --.-- .. -- ... 0 00 .. ········ 1.45 2.0 1.5 2.6 1.5 2.4 1.2· 1.4 2 ••••.....................•. ········ 1.3 2.0 1.4 2.4 1.4 2.4 1.3 1.3 3 •••••.............. --······ ········ 1.3 1.85 1.4 2.2 1.7 2.2 1.3 1.3 4 •••••..•.•................. 1.5 1.8 1.35 1.95 4.1 2.2 1.2 1.2 5 •••••...................... 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.65 4.6 2.0 1.25 1.3 

6 •••••...................... 1.3 1. 75 1.3 1.8 4.2 1.8 1.2 1.25 7 ••.•••.•................... 1.25 1.35 1. 95 1.3 1. 75 4.4 1.65 1.2 1.3 8 •.................. -···-··· 1.2 1.45 1. 95 1.2 1. 75 4.0 1.6 1.15 1.25 9 •••.•...•.......... ---·-··· 1.25 1.65 1.9 1.15 1.65 3.4 1.5 1.15 1.2 10 •••.....•.......... -------- 1.5 1.45 1.85 1.2 1.6 2.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 

11 ••••............... -------- 1.5 1.5 1.85 1.2 1.55 2.5 1.5 1.15 1.25 12 ••••............... -------- 1.6 1.6 1. 75 1.25 1.4 1.9 1.55 1.1 1.3 13 •••.•.............. ·······- 1.55 1.6 1. 75 1.2 1.6 1.9 1.55 1.2 1.4 

14 ••.. ···-········-·· -------- 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.45 1.9 1.6 1.15 1.8 15 ••.•................ ------- 1.3 1.8 2.0 1.3 1.45 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.9 

16 ••••...........•........... 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.25 1.45 1.8 1.5 1.25 2.3 

17 .•.. --------······· ........ 1.25 1. 75 1.65 1.35 1.4 1.6 1.45 1.4 2. 7 18.0 ............ 0 ..•......... 1.3 1.8 1.55 1.35 1.25 1.6 1.4 1.55 2.8 19 ... ·-------------------- 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.25 1.65 1.4 1.55 2.4 20 .... ·------------------- 1.25 1. 7 1.55 1.8 1.25 1. 7 1.45 1.5 2.1 

21. .... ----- .. ··············· 1.4 1. 7 1.2 1.85 1.45 1. 75 1.35 1.5 1.85 22 ••••....••••.•.••.••••••.•• 1.55 2.0 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.5 1. 7 23 •••.....•.•.•...•••.••...•. 1.25 1. 95 1.55 1.5 2.0 1.85 1.25 1.45 1.4 24 ........................... 1.2 1.65 1.45 1.5 2.3 1.7 1'.45 1.3 1.55 25 ••......................... 1.6 1.95 1.2 1.65 2.3 1. 7 1.4 1.2 1.5 

26 •.......................... 1.7 2.2 1.3 1. 75 1.95 1. 7 1.3 1.2 1.5 27 •.......................... 1.3 2.2 1.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.25 1.4 28 ••......................... 1.4 1.9 1.4 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 29 ••.........•.•............• 1. 35 -------- 1.3 2. 7 1.8 2.3 1.3 1.2 1.35 30 ••••....................... 1.5 -------· 1.4 2. 7 1.8 2.3 1.3 1. 25 1.3 31 ••••....................... 1.2 -------- 1.45 -·-····- 1.7 -------- 1.25 1.3 ------·-

NOTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Jan. 5 to Mar. 31. 
184 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Daily discharge, in Beccmd-jeet, of Plover River near Stevena Point, Wis.,Jor the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-------- ---------- !. ........ ; 198 446 198 410 141 178 16 •••••••••• ' 150 188 262 198 150 383 2 •••••••••• 178 410 178 410 159 159 17 •••••••••• 168 178 219 188 178 494 

3 •••••••••• 178 357 240 357 159 159 18 •••••••••• 168 150 219 178 208 522 

4 •••••••••• 168 296 1,090 357 141 141 19 •••••••••• 219 150 230 178 208 410 

5 ••••.••... 159 230 1,450 308 150 159 20 •••••••••• 262 150 240 188 198 332 

6 •••••••••• 159 262 1,160 262 141 150 21. ••••••••• 274 188 251 168 198 274 

7 •.•••••••. 159 251 1,300 230 141 159 22 •••••••••• 262 308 262 159 198 240 

8 •••••••••• 141 251 1,020 219 132 150 23 •••••••••• 198 308 274 150 188 178 9 •••••••••• 132 230 711 198 132 141 24 •••••.•••• 198 383 240 188 159 208 10 •••••••••• 141 219 551 198 141 141 25 •••••••••• 230 383 240 178 141 198 

11 •••••••••• 141 208 438 198 132 150 26 ••.••••••• 251 296 240 159 141 198 

12 •••••••••• 150 178 285 208 124 159 27 •••.•••••• 308 285 240 178 150 178 

13 •••••••••• 141 219 285 208 141 178 28 •••••••••• 332 285 357 159 141 178 

14 •••••.•••• 141 188 285 219 132 262 29 •.•••••••• 494 262 383 159 141 168 

15 •••••••••• 159 188 240 219 141 285 30 •••••••••• 494 262 383 159 150 159 

31. ••••••••• ------ 240 ------ 150 159 ----·· 

NOTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 198 and 1 370 second-feet 

(Ne heights 1.5 and 4.5 feet). Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, diSCharge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Jan. 5-15, 125 second-feet; Jan. 16-111, 123 secondfeet; Feb. 1-10, 115 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 100 second-feet; Feb. 21-28, 140 second-feet; Mar. 1-10, 165 

second-feet; Mar. 11-20, 192 second-feet; and Mar. 21-J1, 140 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Plover River near Stevena Point, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Drainage area, 136 square miles. j 

Month. 

Run-off 

1-----.----.----.---1 {d~th in Accu 

Per ~a:'" racy. 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. s~~f:.e area). 

January 5-Jl.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . 

~~~·.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: = ~~g 

~~:.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,!1g ~~ August •.•..........•..•......... , .. . . . . . 208 124 September. • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . 522 141 

124 

117 

165 

212 

257 

449 

217 

155 

223 

0.912 

. 860 1. 21 1.56 

1.89 

3.30 

1.60 

1.14 

1.64 

BARABOO RIVER NEAR BARABOO, WIS. 

0.92 c. .90 c . 1.40 D. 1. 74 B. 2.18 B. 3.68 A. 1.84 B. 1.31 B. 1.83 B. 

Location.-At highway bridge 4 miles downstream from Baraboo, Wis., about 3 

miles below the outlet of Devils Lake coming in from the right, and 15 miles 

above mouth of river. 

Records available.-December 18, 1913, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-572 square miles. 

Gage.-chain gage, attached to upstream side of bridge; read daily, mornillg and 

evening, to hundredths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 2.0 feet, half-tenths 

between'2.0 and 3.0 feet, and tenths above 3.0 feet. 

Channel an;d control.-8andy; likely to shift during floods. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from highway bridge to which gage is attached. 

Wint"r :B.ow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; discharge estimated from discharge 

measurements made monthly. ' 

:Begulation:-Daily flow may be somewhat affected by operation of power plants in 

Baraboo; estimates of mean monthly discharge probably represent nearly the 

p.atural flow. 

Accuracy.-Records probably good. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 185 

DisCharge measurements of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.{t. Dec. 18 H. C. Beckman ........ 2.16 a2I2 May 11 H. C. Beckman ........ 2.41 271 Jan. 2.3 .. ... do ................. I. 90 b 185 29 G. H. Canfield ......... 4.02 493 

Feb. 25 0. A. Steller ........... 2.24 c}50 June 22 H. C. Beckman ........ 5.47 777 Mar. 27 W. G. Hoyt ............ 2. 77 a323 Aug. 19 ..... do ................. 5.53 664 Apr. 1 Canfield and Rather .... 4.58 571 

a No ice; control clear. b Thin ice along banks at control. c Complete ice cover. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

[G. C. Johnson, observer.] 

Day. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------------

!. .................. ........ I. 45 6.0 2.9 4.5 6.5 2.0 4.3 1.44 I. 74 2 ................... ---·-··· 1.90 5.5 2. 75 4.5 5.4 2.1 2.9 1.24 1.64 3 ................... 1.84 3.8 3.2 4.3 3.6 2.1 2. 7 1.08 2.9 4 ................... -------- 1.66 3.1 3. 7 2.8 3.8 2.4 2.55 1.11 2.8 5 ................... -------- 1.40 2.45 3.6 3.0 4.0 2.1 1.88 1.60 2.3 

6 ................... -------- I. 68 2.4 2.9 2.65 4.4 2.3 2.0 I. 70 1.8 7 ................... -------- I. 88 2.0 2.85 2.9 a. 1 3.5 2.05 1.61 1. 93 8 ................... -------- I. 96 1.80 2.2 2.9 2.95 3.2 2.05 1.36 1.35 9 ................... -------- 1.93 I. 78 2.15 2.85 3.3 3.3 1.97 1.40 1.52 10 ................... -------- I. 92 2.2 2.25 2.9 2.35 2.55 1.82 1.24 1.44 

11. .................. ··------ 2.1 2.35 2.25 2. 75 2.45 1.98 2.3 1.24 1. 74 12 ................... -------- 1.88 2.35 2.3 2.85 4.1 1.60 1.36 I. 52 1.62 13 ................... ··-····· I. 95 2.15 2. 75 2.5 4.2 1.45 I. 93 1.41 1.42 14 ................... -------- 2.15 2.2 ······-- 2.5 3.6 1.61 3.3 1. 67 1.85 15 ................... ·····-·· 2.1 1.88 3.8 2.4 2.95 ··-----· 5.2 1.55 4.0 

16 ................... -------- 2.05 1. 81 4.1 2.8 2.6 ···--··· 5. 7 1.62 5.4 17 ................... ""ii5" 1. 76 2.1 4.4 "2.65 2.1 1.99 4.5 1.08 5. 7 18 ................... 1.51 2.25 4.6 2. 75 2.0 1.95 2.9 I. 97 5.5 

19 .................... 2.05 1.40 2.2 3.4 2.85 2.0 1.62 2.25 4.6 4.8 20 •......•.•.•..••... 2.2 1.59 2.25 2.55 3.5 1.97 1. 70 I. 74 3.9 3.0 

21. .................. 1. 74 1. 94 2.25 2.25 -------- 2.05 3.4 1.96 3.3 2.35 22 ................... I. 76 2.35 I. 97 1.93 ---·---- 2.1 5.5 I. 95 3.2 1. 98 

23 ................... 2.1 1.96 1.98 2.45 -------- 2.55 6. 7 1.83 2.6 1.53 24 ................... I. 93 1. 92 2.15 2.5 ------·· 2.4 7.2 1.82 2. 75 2.1 25 ................... 1.90 2.1 2.3 2.55 3.3 3.0 7.3 1. 72 2.85 1.96 

26 ................... I. 69 I. 96 2.25 2.6 3.4 4.9 5.4 I. 78 2.6 1.88 

27 .................... I. 83 1.88 2.35 2.6 3.4 5.5 3. 7 1.56 2.2 I. 69 28 ................... 1. 72 2.1 2.45 2.7 4.2 5.5 3.4 1. 42 I. 96 1.62 29 ................... I. 78 3.5 ·······- 2.95 4.8 3.9 4.3 1.71 1.82 1.84 30 ................... 1. 78 5.4 -------- 3. 7 6.4 2.85 5.1 1. 70 I. 74 1.90 31. .................. 2.05 5.6 ----··-· 4.0 ........ 1. 61 ----··-· 1. 73 1.52 ........ 

NorE.-Discharge relation aJ:Iected by ice about Dec. 18, 1913, to Mar. 10, 1914. 
186 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wi8., for the year ending 

Sept. SO, 1914. 

Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------1---------------

1. .••........................................ ----·-·· 568 1,040 213 535 152 181 2 ••••...•.....•.............................. -------· 568 755 226 337 134 171 3 ••.•..........•....•........................ ········ 535 435 226 309 119 337 4 •••....•.•...•.............................. ········ 323 463 267 288 122 323 5 ••••............•........................... -------- 351 491 226 198 167 253 

6.: ••........................................ ······-- 302 551 253 213 177 188 7 ••.•..•......... _ ............................ -------- 337 449 421 220 168 204 8 ••••.....•.................................. ----···· 337 344 379 220 144 144 9 •.••.............•................ ~ ......... ········ 330 393 393 209 148 159 10 ••••..............•..•...................... -------- 337 260 288 190 134 162 

11 •••..•.......•.............................. 246 316 274 210 253 134 181 12 ••••...•.................................... 253 330 505 167 144 159 169 

13. ·••································ ........ 316 281 520 152 204 149 150 14 •.••.........•.............................. a390 281 435 168 393 174 194 15 ••••........................................ 463 267 344 a 183 710 162 491 

16 ..•......................................... 505 323 295 a 197 826 169 755 

~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 551 302 226 212 568 119 826 

586 316 213 206 337 209 778 19 .•.......................................... 407 330 213 169 246 502 625 20 ••.•........................................ 288 421 209 177 181 396 351 

21. •.•........................................ 246 a 416 220 407 208 350 260 22 •..•........................................ 204 a 411 226 778 206 325 210 23 .•.•...... -.................................. 274 a 405 288 1,100 192 295 160 24 •..•........................................ 281 a400 267 1,250 190 316 226 25 •..•........................................ 288 393 351 1,280 179 330 208 

26 •..•........................................ 295 407 646 755 186 295 198 27 •..•........................................ 295 407 778 449 163 239 176 28 .•••........................................ 309 520 778 407 150 208 169 

29 .•.•......... 344 625 477 535 178 190 193 30 ••••.•.•..••.• :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 449 1,010 330 688 177 181 200 31. ..•........................................ 491 168 180 159 

a Interpolated. 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rath1g curve fairly well defined between 1881\'Qd 826second-feet 

(gage heights, 1.8 and 5.7 feet). Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, ol)server's notes, 

discharge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Dec.18-31, 184 second-feet; Jan. 1-10, 170secondfeet; Jan. 11-20J 180 second-feet; Jan. 21-31J 3RO second-feet; Feb. 1-10, 366 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 166 second-feet; Feo. 21-28, 156 second-feet; ana Mar. 1-10, 296 second-feet. Discharge Aug. 1~22 estimated by means of measurement made Aug. 19. 

Monthly discharge of Baraboo River near Baraboo, WiB.,jor the year ending Sept. SO, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 572 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-oft 

1------;------;----.---1 (depth In fuclieson Accu- Month. racy. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

December 18-31. •.......................................•..•.... January ....................................................... . February ••••..................................•..•......•...... March.................................. 586 ........... . 

iYJJ/~HHH:H/:~~ t§ m 

September.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R26 144 

184 

248 

234 

337 

405 

418 

413 

277 

211 

288 

Per 

square 

mlle. 

0.322 

• 434 

• 409 

• 589 

• 708 

• 731 

• 722 

• 484 

• 369 

• 503 

drainage 

'&rea). 

0.17 c. .50 D . .43 D . .68 c . .79 A . .84 A • .81 A • .56 A • .43 B . ·.56 A • 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 187 

KICKAPOO RIVER AT GAYS MILLS, WIS. 

Loca.tion.-At highway bridge immediately below the Norwood Mill, in the town of 

. Kickapoo, Wis., about 25 miles above the mouth of the river and 2 miles below 

the mouth of Tainter Creek, coming in from the 1right. 

Records a.va.i.la.ble.-December 25, 1913, to Septen(tber 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-629 square mile~. , 

Ga.ge.-Chain gage fastened to downstream side ~f highway bridge; read daily, 

morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limi~s of use: Hundredths below 1.0 

foot, half~tenths between 1.0 and 2.0 feet, and tenths above 2.0 feet. 

Cha.nnel and control.-May shift during high watbr. 

Winter fiow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; 1 flow determined from discharge 

measurements made through the ice. 

Regula.tion.-Little, if any, diurnal fluctuation noted at the gage; flow probably 

natural. 

Accura.cy.-See footnotes. 

Discharge measurements of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. 

Dec. 18 

24 

Jan. 21 Feb. 26 Mar. 27 Apr. 4 June 23 

Made by- Gage Dis- Date. beight. charge. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. G. H. Canfield ......... 0.96 a224 June 23 M. F. Rather .......... 5.47 1,310· 

H. C. Beckman ........ 1.13 b 274 24 ..... do ................. 3.46 693 

W.G.Hor.:; ........... .97 a228 24 ..... do ................. 2;67 530 0. A. Stel er ........... 1.58 •213 24 ..... do ................. 2.52 527 H. C. Beckman ........ 1.32 a336 24 ..... do ................. 2.07 508 Beckman and Rather .. 1.44 a363 25 .. ... do ................. 1.87 441 M. F. Rather .......... 5.35 1,300 Aug. 21 E. E. Dillon ........... 1.50 326 

a Control clear of ice. b Thin ice along shore. • Measurement made nnder complete ice cover; partial ice covet at control. 
188 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V, 

Daily gage height, in feet, ofKiclcapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

[N T Norwood, observer.] 

Day. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------------------ 1. •••.....•.•••••..• ·······- 1.1 3.8 2. 7 2.3 1.4 1.15 2.8 0. 91 2.1 2 •••••••.•.•...•.•.. ········ 1.1 1. 55 2.8 2.5 1.3 1.05 3.1 1.0 2.6 

3 ••................. -------- 1.1 1.3 2.4 1. 7 1.35 1.1 2.0 1.0 1.5 

4 ••................. -------- 1.1 1.25 1.9 1. 45 1.2 1.15 1.9 1.0 1.2 

5 •.................. -------- 1.1 1.2 1.95 1.25 1.5 1.65 1.55 .90 1.1 

6 ................... -------- 1.1 1.15 2.0 1.35 1.35 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 7 •.................. -------- 1.1 1.2 3.0 1.4 1.2 1. 65 1. 4 1.0 1.0 

8 ................... -------- 1.1 1. 4 2.2 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 

9 •.................. ····---- 1.1 1.35 1.8 1.3 1.2 2.3 1.3 .97 1.0 

10 ................... -------- 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.2 .93 1.0 

11 •........ ······ .... ---·---- 1. 05 1. 75 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 .90 1.0 

12 ......... ··-······· -------- 1. 2 1.6 1.35 1.3 1.4 1.2 1. 75 .90 1.0 

13 ................... -------· 1.1 1.45 1.3 1.25 1.35 1.1 3.0 .93 1.0 14 ................... ···----- 1.1 1.4 1.55 1.3 1.3 1. 05 2.6 .89 1.95 

15 •.................. ·------- 1.15 1.4 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.0 .88 3.6 

16 •...... ····-······· -------- 1.15 1.6 2.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.5 -------- 3.3 

17 ................... -------· 1.1 1.6 1.9 1.25 1.0 1.0 1.4 .96 2.7 

18 •............ ······ -----·-· 1.1 1.55 1.2 1.2 1.05 1.05 1.3 1.0 2.0 

19 ................... -------- 1.1 1.55 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.05 1.2 1.8 1.5 

20 •.................. -------- 1.15 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.05 1. 0 1.1 1.3 1.2 

21. ••.......... ······ -------- 1.1 1.5 1.1 1. 45 1.05 2.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 

22 ••................. ·------- -------- 1.4 1.1 1.25 1.1 4.6 1.1 1.1 1.3 

23 ........... -······· -------- -------- 1.5 1.1 1.2 2.1 5.3 1.05 1.5 1.5 24 •.................. -------- 1.5 1.1 1.15 2.4 2.9 1.05 1.9 1.4 

25 •.................. 1.2 ........ 1.55 1.15 1.3 4. 7 1. 7 1.1 1.25 1.25 

26 ................... 1.15 ·------- 1.5 1.2 1. 7 4.3 4.6 1.1 1.05 1.15 

27 ................... 1.1 -------- 1. 65 1.3 1.5 1.9 4.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 

28 •.........•........ 1.1 ------·· 2.6 1.3 1.45 1.6 4.8 1.2 1.0 1.05 

29 •..•.••....••...... 1. 05 -------- ........ 1.45 1. 75 1.5 4.6 1.05 .98 1.1 

30 ................... 1.05 5.0 --······ 3;2 1.95 1.3 2.3 1.05 1.0 1.1 

31. .................. 1.1 4. 4 -------· 3.1 ---····· 1.15 -------- 1.0 .99 ......... 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Feb. 9 to Mar. 11. 

Daily discharge, in secondjeet, of Kiclcapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis.,jor the year ending 

Sept. 30~ 1914. 

Day. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun11. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------------------1-

1............... . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 790 518 355 280 545 162 . 470 

2................... . . . . . . . . 265 392 525 325 251 595 185 '522 

3.. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 265 325 430 340 265 485 185 325 

4................... . . . . . . . . 265 310 368 295 280 470 185 237 

5................... . . . . . . . . 265 295 310 380 418 392 159 211 

6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 280 340 340 500 325 185 211 

7.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 265 295 355 295 418 355 185 185 

8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 355 355 295 485 380 185 185 

9................... . . . . . . . . 265 . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 325 295 518 325 177 185. 

10................... . . . . . . . . 265 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 295 265 380 295 167 185 

11 ................... -------- 251 -------- "''34il' 325 325 265 295 159 185 

12 ................... -------- 295 325 355 295 440 159 185 

13 ................... 265 325 310 340 265 575 167 185 14 ................... -------- 265 392 325 325 251 527 156 440 

15 ................... -------- 280 510 295 295 325 485 154 670 

16 ................... -------- 280 525 325 265 265 380 CJ164 595 

17 ............. -.- ... -------- 265 470 310 237 237 355 175 525 

18 ........... ·······. -------- 265 295 295 251 ·251 325 185 450 19 ................... -------- 265 265 325 237 251 295 405 325 

20 ................... -------- 280 265 405 251 237 265 265 237 

21. .................. -------- 265 !!65 368 251 518 265 295 237 

22 ................... -------- b265 265 310 265 1,030 265 211 265 

23 ................... -------- b265 265 295 500 1,::: 251 325 325 

24 ................... -------- b 265 265 280 522 251 430 295 

25 ................... 295 b 265 280 325 1,060 430 265 251 251 

26 .................. , 280 b265 295 430 940 1,= 265 198 224 

27 ................... 265 b 290 325 380 470 265 185 211 28 ..... , ............. 265 b300 325 368 405 1,100 295 185- 198 

29 ................... 251 b500 368 440 380 1,m 251 180 211 

30 •.•....•........... 251 1,160 620 478 325 251 185 211 

31. .................. 265 971 595 280 237 182 -······· 

a Interpolated. b Estimated. 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 211 and 1 340 second-feet 

(gage heights, 0,9 and 5.5 feet). Discharge estimated, because of ice, from ~e heli!hts, ObserVer's notes, 

discharge measurements, and climatlc records, as follows: Feb. 9-15, 280secmid-feet; lreb. 16-28, 226 second· 

feet; and Mar. 1-11, 436 second-feet. - · 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 189 

Monthly discharge of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis. ,for the year endingS ept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 629 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Mrudmum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

December 25--31. ........................ 295 251 267 0.424 

tE~!.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,160 251 328 .. 521 

790 ···-····---· 284 .452 620 -----------· 389 .618 

~;~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::'::: 525 280 358 .569 

1,060 237 370 • 588 

June .................................... 1,260 237 492 .782 

i~~~i:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 595 237 354 .563 

430 154 206 .328 

September •...................... _ ...... 670 185 298 .474 

TURKEY RIVER AT GARBER, IOWA. 

Run-off 

~~!~~ Accudrainage racy· 

area). 

0.11 B. 

• 60 B . • 47 c . • 71 c . 

• 63 A . 

.68 A . 

.87 A. 

• 65 B . 

.38 c. . 53 B . 

Location.-At single-span highway bridge at Garber, about 800 feet above the mouth 

of Wayne Creek, which enters from the right. 

Records available.-August 29, 1913, to September 30, 1914, when station was 

discontinued. 

Drainage area.-1,560 square miles. 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to the bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to 

quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 3.0, half-tenths between 3.0 

and 4.0, and tenths above 4.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-Control consists of sand and mud; channel shifting. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the bridge and at low water by wading. 

Regulation.-An electric-light plant and gristmill at Elkader probably produce a 

slight cl.aily fluctuation. 

Floods.-What is probably the highest stage within the past 20 years occurred on 

May 18, 1902. On that date a stage of about 23.7 feet referred to gage datum was 

reached as indicated by the high-watermarks on the door of A. F. Grafe's residence 

in Garber. 

Accuracy.-Gage-height record reliable. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 

DisCharge measurementsof Turkey River at Garber, Iowa, during the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Made by J. B. Stewart.] 

Date. 

May 20 ......•..................................................•.................... June25 ............................................................................. . 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 

3.23 

4.84 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 

348 

1,110 
190 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage ~ht, in feet, of Turkey River at Garber; Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914-. 

[E. J. Prolow,observer.) 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----------------r------- 1. .•.••.•....•. 3.7 3.05 3.3 .......... 4.5 --····· 4.4 4.2 3.95 4.3 3.25 4.1 

2 •.•..•.•.•..•. 3.35 3.1 3.35 ------- 3.6 . ....... 4.2 3.85 3.7 4.2 3.15 3.2 

3 .............. 3.2 3.05 3.35 ··.····· 3. 7 . ....... 4.0 3.75 3.6 4.0 3.1 3.1 

4 .............. 3.05 3.1 3.3 ······· 3.4 . ........ 3.8 4.3 3.5 3.85 3.06 3.06 

5 .............. 4.1 3.05 3.3 ........ 3.6 . ........ 3.5 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.15 3.06 

6 .............. 3.3 . 3.05 3.3 ···---- 4.6 . ........ 3.4 3.85 5.0 3.8 3.15 2.89 

7 .............. 3.2 3.05 3.35 ···---- ······· ....... 3.5 3.65 5.8 3.95 3.05 2.85 

8 ......... -..... 3.25 3.05 3.05 ······· ------- ........ 3.35 3.45 5.1 4.0 3.0 2.87 

9 .............. 3.2 3.05 3.15 ···---- ........ ···-··· 3.25 3.45 4.6 3.6 2.91 2.81 

10 .............. 3.7 3.05 3.2 ···---- ........ --·-··· 2.98 3.40 4.2 3.6 2.88 2.92 

11 .............. 5.2 2.99 3.2 . ....... ....... 3.2 3.75 4.0 3.6 3.0 3.0 

12 .............. 4.2 3.05 3.2 ------- ........ 4.1 3.15 3.65 3.9 3.45 2.96 2.92 

13 .............. 4.0 3.05 3.25 -······ ....... 4.1 3.1 3.75 3.95 3.65 2.96 3.15 

14 .............. 3.7 3.05 3.25 . ........ ........ 4.1 3.1 3.7 10.9 3.45 2.91 5.6 

15 .............. 3.5 3.05 3.25 ------- ···-··· 3.9 3.1 3.6 12.3 3.4 2.97 5.4 

16 .............. 3.4 3.05 3.2 ------- ......... 3.8 3.1 3.55 8.1 3.5 3.05 4.4 

17 .............. 3.4 3.0 3.2 ------- ------- 3.5 3.0 3.45 6.3 3.55 2.91 4.0 

18 .............. 3.3 3.0 3.2 . ...... ........ 3.25 3.05 3.4 5.5 3.55 3.0 3.9 

19 .............. 3.2 3.15 3.2 ·····-- ------- 3.25 3.15 3.3 5.6 3.4 3.95 3.7 

20 .............. 3.2 3.2 3.15 ....... ........ 3.2 3.35 3.3 5.1 3.4 3.8 3.5 

21. ............. 3.2 3.2 ....... ······· ....... 3.2 3.3 3.15 5.6 3.35 3.3 3.45 

22 .............. 3.2 3.2 ....... ....... ······· 3.15 3.15 3.25 7.2 3.3 3.0 4.0 23 .............. 3.15 3.2 ........ ........ ······· 3.1 3.15 3.25 6.0 3.25 3.05 4.1 

24 .............. 3.1 3.2 ........ ·····-· ........ 3.05 3.1 5.4 5.2 4.0 2.96 3.9 

25 .............. 3.1 3.15 .......... ....... ........ 3.05 3.2 5.8 4. 7 4.5 3.1 3.7 

26 .............. 3.1 3.1 ....... ····-·· ........... 3.2 3.3 8.2 5.2 4.1 2.98 3.55 

27 .............. 3.05 3.1 --·---- ······· ···-··· 3.25 3.35 5.7 4.7 3.65 2.91 3.35 

28 .............. 3.0 3.1 --·---- ------- ···-··· 3.8 3.8 5.0 4.3 3.5 2.88 3.35 

29 .............. 3.15 3.15 ·-·---- 7.2 ···-··· 4.3 4.9 4.9 4.1 3.35 2.93 3.35 

30 .............. 3.15 3.25 --·---- 5.6 .......... 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.1 3.25 2.97 3.35 

31 .............. 3.1 ......... --·---- 4-7 ......... 4.6 . .......... 4.0 ........ 3.3 2.90 .......... 

NOTE.-Discbarge relation probably aftected by ice about Dec. 21, 1913, to MBI'. 11,1914. 

MAQUOKETA RIVER, ABOVE MOUTH OF NORTH FORK OF MAQUOKETA 

RIVER, NEAR MAQUOKETA, IOWA. 

Location.-At the Goddard B'rldge, about 6 miles northwest of Maquoketa; about 

1,000 feet above the mouth of Pumpkin Run entering from the right, and about 

7 miles above the mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River. 

Records a.v-a.ila.ble.-August 31, 1913, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-957 sqUIU'e miles. . 

Ga.ge.-Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, to half-tenths. 

Limits of use: Half-tenths below and tenths above 3.0 feet. 

Cha.nnel and control.-No well-defined control; channef somewhat shifting. 

Discharge mea.surements.-'Made from bridge. 

Regula.tion.-A gristmill at Canton, about 12 miles upstream, probably causes a 

slight :fluctuation at the gage. 

Data insufficient for estimating discharge for stages above 4.2 feet. 

Discharge mea8Urements of Maquoketa River above the 'TTW'ILth of North Fork of Maquoketa 

River near Maquoketa, Iowa, during the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

Date. Mad«! by- ~~- Dis- Date. Made by-· 

~=- Discharge. charge. 

--- Fut. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.'{;, Mar. 27 W. F. BickeL .......... 2.54 279 June 24 J. B, Stewari. .......... 2.1K 

May 19 J. B, Stewart. .......... 2.28 238 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 191 

Daily gage height, injeet, of Maquoketa River above the mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa 

River near Maquoketa, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

[Frank Prindle, observer.) 

I I 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

----------------------

1. ............. 2.2 2.15 2.2 ···---- ------- ···---- 2.95 2.15 2.55 2.55 2.1 2.8 2 .............. 2.1 2.15 2.15 --·---- ······· ··-···· 3.2 2.15 2.5 2.5 2.1 2. 7 3 .............. 2.2 2.2 2.2 --·---- ....... ·------ 2.9 2.15 2.2 2. 45 1. 95 2. 75 4 .............. 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 ------- ······· 2.8 4.0 12.0 2.4 1.95 2. 7 5 .•............ 2.2 2.15 2.2 2.3 ------- ·····-· 2. 75 3.2 7.1 2.3 1. 95 2. 7 

6 .............. 2.1 2.1 2.15 2.3 ------- ------- 2.65 2.85 5.6 2.3 1.9 12.1 7 .............. 2.1 2.1 2.15 2.3 ....... ···---- 2.6 2.85 4.2 2.5 1.9 3.6 

8 .............. 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 ------- ------- 2.6 2.5 4.0 2.1 1.9 3.0 

9 .............. 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.25 ------- -······ 2.55 2.5 3.8 2.1 1.85 2.9 

10 .............. 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.25 ······· ······- 2.45 2.5 3.6 2.5 1.8 2.9 

11 .............. 2.4 2.15 2.1 ------- ------- ------- 2.4 3. 4 3.2 2.5 1.8 2. 7 12 .............. 2.2 2.1 2.1 ------- ·-·-··- ------- 2.4 3.2 3.1 2.5 1.8 2.25 

13 .............. 2.2 2.15 2.1 ------- ······- ------- 2.35 3.0 2.8 2.5 1.8 2.6 14 .............. 2.2 2.1 2.1 ------- ------- ------- 2.35 2.95 2.9 2.0 1.8 2.6 

15 .............. 2.15 2.1 2.15 ....... ------- 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.85 2.0 1.8 14.1 

16 .............. 2.15 2.1 2.15 -······ ····-·· 2.5 2.25 2.8 2.8 2.0 1.9 8.4 

17 ••...•........ 2.3 2.15 2.15 ---·--- ------- 2.35 2.25 2.8 2.8 2.35 1.9 5.9 

18 .............. 2.2 2.1 2.15 ------- ------- 2.3 2.25 2.4 2.8 2.15 1.9 4. 7 19 .............. 2.2 2.2 2.15 ------- ------- 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.1 7.8 4.2 20 ....•.•...••.. 2.2 2.15 2.15 ------- ------- 2.2 2.2 2.25 2.55 2.1 2.3 3.8 

21. ............. 2.15 2.15 2.4 ------· ------- 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.55 2.5 2.3 3.6 22 ••.•••••.••••. 2.1 2.1 --·---- . ...... ------- 2.2 2.2 2.55 2.8 2.5 2.3 4.1 

23 .............. 2.2 2.1 ........ ....... ------- 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.9 2.5 2.3 3.6 24 .............. 2.1 2.1 . ....... ....... ------- 2.1 2.15 . 2.15 3.6 2.5 2.3 3.4 

25 .............. 2.15 2.1 ....... -··---- ------- 2.2 2.15 2.2 4.1 2.5 2.3 3.2 

26 ...•...•...... 2.15 2.1 ·-·-··· -······ ....... 3.2 2.1 2.35 3.9 1.95 2.3 3.1 

27 .............. 2.1 2.15 ······· ....... ....... 2.4 2.1 2.65 3.8 1.95 2.3 3.3 

28 .............. 2.15 2.15 ------- ------- ....... 2. 4 2.1 2.65 3.2 1. 95 2.3 3.3 29 •.....•••.•••• 2.2 2.1 ------- ------- ------- 2.6 2.15 3.3 3.1 2.15 2.3 3.3 

30 .............. 2.2 2.1 ------- ------- ---·--- 2.8 2.15 2. 75 2.8 2.1 1.85 3.2 

31. ............. 2.15 ···---- ------- ---·-·- -··-··· 2.9 -······ 2.6 ....... 2.1 2.9 ....... 

NOTE.-Dischargerelation affected by Ice about Dec. 21,1913, to Mar. 14,1914. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Maquoketa River above the mouth of North Fork of 

Maquoketa River, near Maquoketa, Iowa,jor the period Sept. 1, 1918, to Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. 

1913. 

1. ..................... . 2 ••••.•....•.•.......... 

3 .•..................... 

4 ••. ·- ................. . 5 ...................... . 

6 ...................... . 7 ••...........•.•.. ··•·· 8 ...................... . 9 ...................... . 10 ••..•.••..............• 

Sept. Day. 

1913. 

187 11 .•..................... 193 12 ..•.................... 181 13 ...................... . 187 14 ...................... . 193 15 .•..................... 

193 16 .•..................... 207 17 •.•.............•...... 181 18 ...................... . 193 19 ...................... . 187 20 ...................... . 

Sept. Day 

1913. 

193 21.. .............. ······· 193 22 ...................... . 207 23 ...................... . 

200 24 ........ ··············· 193 25 ...................... . 

207 26 .••.................... 193 27 ....................... . 215 28 ...................... . 207 29 .••.................... 207 30 ...................... . 

Sept. 

223 

223 

223 

215 

207 

215 

207 

207 

193 

207 
192 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily di.,ckarge, in second1eet, of Maquoketa River above the mouth of North Fork of 

Maquoketa River, near Maquolceta, Iowa, for the period Sept. 1, 1913, to Sept. 30, 

1914--continued. · 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------------

1913-14. 

1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 223 215 223 ··--·-- ----··· ------- 430 215 296 296 207 370 

2 •...........•. 207 215 215 -----·· ----··- ------- 548 215 283 283 207 337 

3 ••..........•. 223 223 223 ·------ ------- ----·-· 408 215 223 272 187 354 

4 •............. 207 207 223 ------- ------- ------- 370 1,000 261 187 337 

5 ••............ 223 215 223 ------- ····-·· ------- 354 548 241 187 337 

6 •............. 207 207 215 ------- ·------ ....... 322 389 241 181 

7 •....•..•....• 207 207 215 ··----- ------- ------- 308 389 ·i;ooo· 283 181 750 

8 ••............ 207 223 207 -····-· ------- ------- 308 283 207 181 451 

9 .•.......•.... 207 207 207 ------- ....... ------- 296 283 870 207 176 408 10 .............. 207 207 207 ------- ····--· ------- 272 283 750 283 170 408 

11 .•..•..•....•. 261 215 207 --····· ------- ------- 261 648 548 283 170 337 12 ......••..••.. 223 207 207 --····· --····· ------- 261 548 498 283 170 232 

13 •.....••..••.. 223 215 207 ------- ------- ·····-· 251 451 370 283 170 308 14 .............. 223 207 207 -----·· -----·· """283" 251 430 408 193 170 308 15 ...•..••..•..• 215 207 215 ------- --····· 241 370 389 193 170 

16 ••....•.•..•.. 215 207 215 ------- -·-···· 283 232 370 370 193 181 17 •...•..•..•... 241 215 215 ------- ....... 251 232 370 370 251 181 18 ••........•... 223 207 215 ------- ........ 241 232 261 370 215 181 19 ..........•..• 223 223 215 ------- ........ 223 223 223 370 207 """24i" 20 •......•..•..• 223 215 215 ------· ------- 223 223 232 296 207 870 

21. ..•.•........ 215 215 ....... --····· -····-- 223 223 223 296 283 241 750 

22 .•.•.•........ 207 207 ....... ....... ....... 223 223 296 370 283 241 1,~:;:: 23 ........•..... 223 207 ....... ....... ....... 215 215 215 408 283 241 

24 ........•..... 207 207 ....... ....... ....... 207 215 215 750 283 241 648 25 ........•..... 215 207 ....... ....... ······· 223 215 223 1,070 283 241 548 

26 .•..•.•.•..... 215 207 ....... ....... ....... 548. 207 251 930 187 241 498 27 ••..•......... 207 215 ....... ....... ....... 261 207 322 870 187 241 598 28 •....• · ....••.. 215 215 ....... ....... ·····-· 261 207 322 548 187 241 598 29 ..•..•.•.•••.. 223 207 ·-···-- ....... ·····-· 308 215 598 498 215 241 598 

30 ...••••....•.. 223 207 ....... ------- ....... 370 215 354 370 207 176 548 

31.0 0 0 0 00 00 0 •. 0 0 215 ....... --····· ------· ······- 408 308 207. 408 

Monthly discharge of Maquoketa River above the mouth of North Fork of Maquolceta River, _ near Maquoketa, Iowa, for the period Sept. 1, 1913, to July 31, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 957 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off 

Month. Per Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

=: Aoou- drainage racy. 

Bl"ea). 

September ••••••••.........•.....•...... 223 181 201 0.210 0.23 A. October •••••••••••••••..•••••..•.•.•.... 261 207 218 .228 .26 A. November •••••••••••...••.•.....••.•... 223 207 211 • 220 .25 A • December 1-20 ••••••••..••.•.•.....•.•.• 223 207 214 • 224 .17 B . 

March 15--31. ••.••••.....•. · .•.•.....•.••. 548 207 279 .292 .18 B. 

April ••••••••..••.................•..... 548 207 272 .284 .32 A. 

May ••••••..••.•..................•..... 1,000 215 356 .372 .43 B. 

July •••••.•..••................•.•...... 296 187 242 .253 • 29 B . 
uPPER mssissiP:P:CniV"E:R imA:r:N.Ad:E BASIN. 193 

\ ' ''·'t ,• . . . . . . . ~ .. ·~- . ' "' . ' ' ". .. . ~ 

.MA<h'tO:iuJTA R.IVER BELOW MOUTH OF NOR',I'l£ FO~l( OF MAQUOKETA 

RIVER, NEAR MAQUOKETA, IOWA. 

Location.-At the Bridgeport Bridge, about 3 miles northeast of Maquoketa, in the 

southwest comer of the NE. i sec. 17, T. 84 N., R. 3 E., about 1,200 feet above 

the mouth of Mill Creek, which enters from the right, and about 2 miles below 

the mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River. 

Records available.-September 1, 1913, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-1,570 square miles. 

Channel and controL-No well-defined control; channel shifting. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from bridge. . 

ltegulation.-Practically no control at this station. 

Data insufficient for estimating discharge for stages above 5.8 feet. 

Discharge measurements of Maquoketa River below the mo'!J,th of Nqrth Fork of Maquoketa 

River, near· Maquoketa, Iowa, during the year. ending Sept. 80, 1914-. ,.• 

Date. :Made by- G(;f,e Dis- Date. Made!)y- G:te Disheig t. charge. heig t. charg<l. 

--- --

Feet. Sec.-ft. ' Feet. Sec.1t. 

Mar. 26 W. F.- Bickel..~ ........ 3:so 962 June 24 J. B. Stewart •... : ..... 3.00 689 

Mr.y 19 J. B. Stewart., ........ 2:47 432 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Maijjtoketa River below moutk of ljmth 'Fork of Maquoketa 

River, near Miujuoketa, Iowa,jor the year ending Sept. 80, ";J9J4.. 

[John Strodthofi, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Doo. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. 

-------- 1. ......•...... 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.6 ------- 3.2 2.4 

2, ..•..•.•..... .2.4 . .2.4 2.4 2.25 2.6 ------- 3.2 2.4 

3 ....... : ...... 2.35 2.4 2.45 2.4 2.9 -·----- 3.1 2.4 

4 ..•••.•....... 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 ------- 3.0 5.(,) 

5 ......•....... 2.4 2.35 2.4 2.4 ······· ------- 2.8 3.9 

6 .•.•.•....•... .2.4 2.35 2.4 ··2:3·· 2.6 ------- 2.8 3.0 

L:::::::::::: 2.35 2.35 3.8 ------- 2 .. 7 2.9 

2.3 2.4 2.1 2.3 ······· ------- 2.7 2.7 . 9.-•.•..•...... 2.35 2.35 .2.15 2.3 --~ ~- ~-- -. ~- ~ ... 2.6 2.6 

10 ••••.......... 2.35 2.35 2.3 2.1 ---- ~ .. -------- 2.6 2.5 

11 •••••......... 2.8 2.2 2.4 2.0 ------- ···a:;;·· 2.6 3.8 

12 •.•.•......... 2.6 2.25 2.45 2.5 . ----. ~ 2.6 4.2 

13 •••.•.•....... 2.6 2.4 2.45 3.2 ......... 2.7 2.5 3.8 

14 •••.•..•.•.•.. 2.45 2.3 2.4 -~ .. ---. -.------ 2.7 2.5 3.3 

15 ••••.•.•.••.•. 2.4 2.3 2.35 ......... ······· 2.7 2.5 3 .. 0 - .. 16 .............. 2.4 '2.3 2.3 2.9 .. -~.- .. 2.7 2:5.· 2.8 

17 •......... , ..• 2.5 2.3 2.3 --... -~. .. -~ ... 2.6 2.45 2.6 

18 .•.....•.....• 2.5 2.3 2.3 ···--·- ........ 2.5 2.4 

19 .............• 2.45 2.35 2.15 ""2:4"" ... ~- ... 2.45 ·2.4 2.5 

20 ••••..•...•... 2.4 2.4 2.3 .......... 2.4 2.4 2.4 

21 •••••......... 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.2 -·----- 2.4 2.4 2.4 

22 ••....•....•.. 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.15 ......... 2.4 2.5 23 ••.......•.•.. 2.3 2.4 2.15 2.2 ------- 2.35 2.3 2.4 24 ••••••••••••.• 2.3 .2.3 2.25 2.2 ........... 2.35 2.3 2.4 

25 •••........... 2.35 2.3 2.3 2.2 ......... 2.4 2.35 2.4 

26 ..•...•....... .......... 2.3 2.4 3.8 . ....... 3.3 2.3 2.9 

27 .•..•...••••.. 2.3 2.3 2.3 4.0 ........... 3.0 2.35 2.9 

28 .•••.•.••••••• 2.35 2.3 2.3 2.6 ............ 2.6 2.35 5.8 29 •••.•••••••••• 2.4 2.3 2.3 3.5 ------- 2.8 2.4 3.6 

30 ..•........•.. 2.5 2.3 2.2 4.0 .......... 3.0 2.4 2.9 

31. ••.••..•..•.. 2.4 ......... 2.25 2.9 --·-··· 3.3 . ........ 2. 7 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Jan. 12 to Mar. 11, 1914. 

97825° -WSP 385-15-13 

June. July. Aug. Sept •. 

•'( 

---- 2.6 2.8 2.05 4.6 

. 2.5 :2.6 2.05 4.2 

2.6 '2.6 2.0 3.2 

2.5 2.5 2.0 2.7 

13.1 2.4 2.0 2.5 

' 7.5 2.4, 2.1 11.6 

6.5 2.25 2.0 3 . .2 4.1 2.3 2.0 2.8 

3.8 ·2.25 1.95 2.5 

3.6 2.25 ........ 2.4 

3.3 ··2:25· 1.9 2.4 

3.3 1.9 2.4 

3.0 2.2 1.9 2.35 

3.3 2.2 1.9 7.2 

3.2 2 •. 2 1;~ 1'16-4 . ·. 

•G.O 2.1 2:0 i5:·1 

2.9 ·2.6 2.1 6.3 

2.9 2.4 1.95 5.0" 

2.8 2.25 6.8 4.3 

2.7 2.15 2.9 4.0 

2.7 2.1 2.4 3.6 

3.0 2.1 2.2 . .......... 3.1 2.1 2.15 3.5 

3.0 2.15 2.1 3.2 

3.7 2.2 2.05 3.1 

3.7 2.1 2.0 2.9 

3.4 2.0 1.95 2.8 

3.5 2.5 1.95 2.7 

3.3 2.2 1.95 2. 7 2.9 2.1 1.90 2.6 .. ........ ......... 1.95 ............. 
194 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART' V. 

Datly discharge, in second,eet, of Maquoketa River below 'frl()ttlh of North Fork of Maquoketa 

River, near Maquo ta, Iowa,jor the period Sept. 1, 1913, to Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Sept. II Day. I Sept. II Day. 

I 

Sept. 

---- ---

I 

1913. 1913. 1913. I I. ...................... 366 11 ..•..•...•..•........•. 358 21. .•............ : ....... 458 

2 ....................... 378 12 ..•...... : ......•.....• 358 22 ..•.................... 440 

3 •...................... 373 13 ..•....•............... 373 23 .....•.......••........ 433 4 ................•...... 366 14 .....................•. , 410 24 ..•..........•......... 401 

5 •..•.•................. 366 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\ 373 25 •••..•.....•.•......... 407 

6 .•.•.........•....•.•.•. 366 378 26 •••. , ..•.•.•.....•...... 384 7 ..•..•.............•.•• 366 401 27 .••.•.•.•.•...••••..... 373 8 •..•.•.•.•.........•••• 358 ~:::::::::::::::::::::::1 392 28 .••..•.•...•••••••.•.•. 378 9 ...........•.•.....•.•. 358 384 29 ..••.•...•.•.•.•...•.•. 366 10 •..........••..•.•••••. 358 20 ..••••.......•.•...•... 1 433 130 ••••...•.•.....•.••.••. 378 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 1far. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1013-14. 

I. ............. 440 407 407 378 ------- ------- 771 407 477 561 327 1,890 2 ..•••......•.• 407 407 407 366 ------- ....... 771 407 440 477 327 1,500 3 ........•..••. 392 407 424 407 ······- ....... 714 407 477 477 320 771 4 ...•....•..•.. 407 407 407 407 ······· ....... 660 2,330 440 440 320 517 

5 ......•....... 407 392 407 407 ······· ....... 561 1,250 407 320 440 

G •.••••.•••.•.. 407 392 407 a392 ------- ....... 561 660 407 334 

7 ... ····•··•··· 392 392 a370 378 -··-··· .. .... 517 609 366 320 771 8 .............. 378 407 334 378 ······· ....... 517 517 1,410 378 320 561 

9 ....... ·····•· 392 392 344 378 ······· ------· 477 477 1,180 366 314 440 10 ..........•... 392 392 378 334 ·····-· ....... 477 440 1,030 366 a311 407 

.11 ••••.••....••• 561 353 407 320 ······· ----··· 477 1,180 s:n a366 308 407 12 ......•....•.. 477 366 4?4 ······· ······· 1,030 477 1,500 831 366 308 407 13 ..•.•......... 477 407 424 ······· ······· 517 440 1,180 660 353 308 392 14 ••...•........ 424 378 407 ······· ··-···· 517 440 831 831 353' 308 15 ...•.•........ 407 378 392 ······· ······· 517 440 660 771 353 308 

16 •...•......... 407 378 378 ······· ······· 517 440 001 660 334 320 17 .•..•......••• 440 378 378 ······· ······· 477 424 477 609 477 334 13 ..........•.•. 440 378 378 ··2;aao ······· ······· 44() 407 <>458 609 407 314 D .............. 424 392 344 ······· ······· 424 407 440 561 366 ... 600. 1,590 20 .•.........•.. 407 407 378 ······· ······· 407 407 407 517 344 1,330 

21. .......•..•.. 407 407 334 ....... ------- 407 407 407 517 334 407 1,030 22 ..........•..• 407 407 353 ······· ···-·-- a400 407 440 660 334 353 a995 23 .•...•.....••• 378 407 344 ··----- ---·--- 392 378 407 714 334 344 960 24 ••...••....••. 378 378 366 ------- ------- 392 378 407 660 344 334 771 25 ••.•....••..•. 392 378 378 -·····- ······· 407 392 407 1,100 353 327 714 

26 ••..•.....•..• <>385 378 407 ------· ······- 831 378 609 1,100 334 320 609 27 .......•...••• 378 378 378 ······· ······· 660 392 609 894 320 314 1561 28 .•.•..•..•..•. 392 378 373 ·····-· ··-···· 477 392 3,350 960 440 314 517 29 .•••..•.•.•••. 407 378 373 ·····-· ··----· 1561 407 1,030 831 353 314 517 30 .•..•.•.••..•. 440 378 35.3 ······· ······· 660 407 609 609 334 308 477 31. .•...•...••.. 407 366 ······· ······- 831 517 330 314 

a Interpolated. 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed as follows: Between 353 and 1,100 second-feet (gage heights 2.2 and 3.7 feet), from a well-defined rating curve; below 353 second-feet from a poorly defined rating curve. Above 1,100 second-feet estimates are based on an extension of the rating curve and should be used with care. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 195 

Monthly discharge of Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River, near Maquoketa, Iowa, for the period Sept. 1, 1918, to July 81, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 1,570 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off 

Month. 1------~--~---.------~-p-~---1 ~~E!~~ 

drainage square area). mile. 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

September ..••....•.................•..• 458 358 384 0.245 0.27 October ................................. 561 378 414 . 264 .30 November ..................... _ ........ 407 353 389 .248 .28 December ............................... 424 334 382 .243 .28 

t:a:~;rl.-ai~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 407 320 377 .240 .10 1,030 392 543 .346 • 26 

~~1!:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 771 378 477 .304 .34 3,350 407 774 .493 .57 

July .................... -- ..... -.... -.--. 561 320 380 .242 .28 

WAPSIPINICON RIVER AT STONE CITY, IOWA. 

Accuracy. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

c. 

c . 

B. 

B. 

B. 

Location.-At the highway bridge at Stone City, Iowa, a short distance above the 

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway bridge, about 4 miles above the mouth 

of Buffalo Creek. 

Records available.-August 19, 1903, to September 30, 1914, when station was discontinued. 

Drainage area.-1,310 square miles. . , 

Gage.-Chain gage, attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, to quarter-tenths. 

Limits of use: Hundredths below 3.0, half-tenths from 3.0 to 4.0, and tenths 

above 4.0 feet. On December 4, 1906, repairs to the bridge resulted in raising the 

gage box. Gage heights from that date to January 23, 1910, when the change was 

determined, have been corrected. Corrected gage heights for 1907, 1908, and 

1909 were published in Water-Supply Paper 265. 

Cha.Dnel and control.-Control is the remains of a loose-rock dam under the 

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway bridge; practically permanent. Con~ 

struction of a dam at Anamosa caused backwater at gage during July, August, 

and September, 1914. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from upstream side of bridge. 

Floods.-The high water of July, 1892, reached a stage of 28 feet, referred to present· 

gage. According to the observer, this stage is probably within one-half foot of 

the true elevation of the flood. 

Winter :ftow.-Discharge relation affected during winter by ice 1 to 2 feet thick. 

Regulation.-During 1912 there was a power development installed at Center City, 

about 20 miles above station, which may possibly cause some diurnal fluctuation 

at gage. 

Accuracy.-The discharge measurement of September 28, 1914, indicates that about 

0.65 foot of backwater was present at the gage. This backwater was caused by the 

addition of flashboards to the dam near Anamosa during the latter part of June, 

1914. As sufficient data have not been collected to determine the effect of these 

flashboards for the various stages at Stone City, no estimates of discharge have 

been prepared subsequent to June 23, 1914. 

Cooperation.-The gage heig-hts are furnished by Frank Dearborn, of Stone City, 

Iowa. 
~ -~lt7- --- --~t Dl§::. ·-DMe.- -- Msd&by- - · -~ .J)A:-. \ lielglit. clilii-ge. height. cuarge. '-. ::·-·t"'""" -. • ' . l }c ~'"'1!"-·'!t.:« . . ~-' """"'-•J ll>rl~k> ._, ___ .·- -Faee:-f--<1'-ec-::O:• .. ·- Feet. Sec.-" • ., .._.~ t I o~ 1"- ' ...... -.,.. ']"' ~-l~T~;·:r. !~......... ~~.t_. b248 Sept. 28 S B Soultl 4.60 c63() Jun& Z§·r.~,i[-'8 ~~······•'--.:. 6i-.,.-.~ ~ . ,. • . • ........... 1 I 

: -~-- -..E~-or-Bieket !ingil'llleting Co:, 'Cedar Rapids, lows. • .• - {> Small,.amounhUce prilseh~ . · . • Baekvi~ter pre$iillt fiom th4 dam at Anamosa. 1; 

~zy·go/.}e height,.~n f~;:of Wa~#pinicon !K~er at Stone City, Iowa, for the year:~ · , • • .· . • 1 , . Sept. 80, 1914-. . :_ :~·- · ' t :i::. :..... i. '· 

• ·-. ' ! lP,rank Deiu'~, observa-.) 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. J~. July. Aug. Sept. 

------1·-,:-j~~~~. 4---+-..-

1. •.••••.••••.. 2.42 3.0 2.95 ............................ ••••••· ....... 4.9 3.95 3.7 -g.~..,v.;w--,.·· -~. t..all&. 2.,116 -1-----··'·--·" .: .. -.-.•• :::. ... L-...-.-, •• ;,J_.., • ._,_ a.M!'.-;:-a.r 

~:«:!~(:::· .t: . i:a. i~ ::::~:: ::::::: ::~~!:~ ::::c i::::::-:- :~~:::: :1l? -~l- . ~:~ 5 .............. 2.75 2.90 3.1 ....... .•• : ... .............. ·•••••· ..•• ,_ •. ., lj.95 3.65 3.55 

~~~"! ii-~J ;;.·~~·---~! .!-Yrt t·~:"! ~~~~;.~~> .!"" ~~~(.t_ ... ,::.;y:;·-._·::t -:~·.C!'"F/- f!.t':··-·t.X"f!,..":~ll. 

(.Utt~d' ~--·~·J ;~!;~.v ~.,1f . ..:_.~ A:)-j,. J ;.lsJT .:·"'::J' .. --:~·-~ "r..: j(~ <'!'"·1~ .:-e-.;:~~,::·.,;·:~···::-·~--~-~ ?"~~ :·_,~ f": 

,srt!t\ ~ n..;;t ~~-:;_."~ c.:!-!~ ... -:~:_:·~- f~-~ : ... ~....,.:,; .. -:_.,. --~-- -~- ~- \ :"';.J.iJ ~1 ~~J:-~~·-~J~:-~ ~-::~:: ·~f) J,:;,;os.~~: r~ :~_: .. :"·~r.!f !o-.,;t "·')'~;~ -:-~-~ <!'• <! ~ . r._._t ~. . ~ ~ : ,- ~::~__, -' . _,_-. ! ,~.-:-: !__-} :·: !' .-. i: i.. ~~ !~--~-, ;~:·,. ~: ~~ -~ : ~tr 

'!l\~;~at&~~:c:tl.~"'<'.&---~1. -~,·:~;!~--: t,''t "' e-• .-..-...::~~!.: 'r.-) .... c~~-:·v :._:.1,;-.'..:-i't_:'"i/ '".l"b ~h·i ~--~-~.!..."f';..-::t·::.:,.J 

· ~. ~ :-;-:;· 't:~,_:i:. t·-~ .,_·f~:t-~~-r.;·_r; -~ ~'~·:!"..::'i'~ ~~~·_; 

···"! · :.;::.~n_;:~ «,.;;,-!.;. 3-~;t!".:.>-r .!. r-~_•'f-· --~~hf-~~qc--·ll 
Oct. Nov. Dec. 

--~--~~-----~--~~-----~11-.~--~~~-~·~;~.~ .. ~~~~--.-----t--~·-·--- ·~ 1~ ..................... .. 2 ....................... . 

t::: :::£ :::~:·:: ::::::::: 

11.-... ... ~ :. -·~ ~~~~· ... .'~J:t'.'"!" •• -. ~--:. 12 ....................... . 13 .••••.•.••••.•••.••.•.•. 

14 ....................... . 15 ....................... . 

·78 220 205 .. I9lT' •• ?14' --- '205 1t::::::::::::::::::·:·::: ~~~ -~~ ~:::~::·: 185 199 214 1&-~ ..... ..-••••• · •• :~ •••••••••• , 295 ~ , 190 ·c.:····· .. 

--~~- t:: ~· 1!f.-. •.•..•• ·................ :·.331i I'. 1214 .; •. .:..'>,;. 

211..;.,...................... ;336; •-205 •••••••• 

..• :.31:6 

295 

295 

295 

355 

316 

255 

238 

3'!1; 

238 

220 :.·;::·.;. 

238 

-~:-:F:·::: 

255 •·•••••• 

-·~th l':'.i:-:.~:r -~6::: .. ::·.:~_,_:~·:.:-:: .. :·.: ·. ·<180 · ·--.<~ ···'·':.·.·::· 

169 ......... i!'1'~............ ........... 205 214 ...... .. 164 .. .. .. .. 28........................ 196 190 ...... .. 

~~ :::~~~: l ~::!::~~~:}::::::::::::: ~~ ~~ :::::::: .. ·- ·-· ···~~~>· -31 ...... ..,. ................... ~·---:?--·- -214- .:-:-:;~-..~ . .;-... '".;·;,•7"' 

NoTE,..;..Dafiy Wscl;~'ga computjld frol;ll a J:!}.ting cur~.w;u.~ 'between ps tW-d 2,380 second-fee~ (gllge heights.._ 2.3 ana r.o feet). ; . . ' . . D~arge_,.uoo .• 7.,13;' 19lll, estiUlated,. because of:.iee, fl'mh JZBlte:helgh.lsi obrerver!s.notes ;one.Qis~ga 

~ement, and olilnatic recorll4!, at 310 moond-.&et. see '' ACdl'ltaoy" m statibn descripLion. . • . · 

Monthl~ d~~~ ~! WO~~pi,nie<m. Riw ~~.:St~e- CityjiJwJ,/or the period Oct. 1 to-D~f!· - . . . ] •"- .. . . . 13,"1913. . .. . 

1 • • ·: [~ahi$ aiea)l;>~utii<t~are ~-I ; " ' . - 4 

,. '· 

•.. .. . I 

. ~ . . ' .. :~n~~~e ~ ~itiil-~t-. 

' I : Per :SS: racy •. 

Maximum. l\linimulq·, Me!. ~ _s_~_te._ar..,..e_ _......c.ar-ea_)_. -I·--'-'~' . ~ ~ .... ~ ... 

:M:dlltit:' . . . 

,· • • . >' . ,, 

· Run-o1f 

1~---.,.-------,-,--'-, --,----1 (uepth in Accu-.. 

g~~~:-:::::::::::::::::::·::::·:::::: . ~ 1~~ ~~ - ~}~ -~ff 1-:---·-

December 1-13.......................... ............ 205 272 .208 .10 C. 

Roc:K 1niwli''i't -\f.ATiith\r:&~~rs. 

r.eoati~;~At·M~~e~~t tiiihwtt.Y ~ridk~, City--~te~'wiEc.:'t~ · · · Ri~El!i~ft.Ui!trbie '!\lit 1tbildt ~-6 !liiies' beloW· axld' dconoib.~~'£..¢~'l'tom 

the left about 9 miles aqoye jhe station.. . . , ,. . • . .fl\.1":"1' _ , .. 

Records available.-June 18 to'Septem'M~"i~:l; ·-~~;;;~·~··;:; ·:~~~ ';~h~ Drainage 

~ 

area.-964 sguare mile~-. . . · LH ···•;•~ ·" • .... -llifi-r:- :...,.....m.,..~~ 

~a'U;t ·-~~~-~:liea: ·to :lfoW:il.·~~e-atfu·•siff~·-~'l~iidgetr&a .<lliY~' ~. mominjf atJ.d:-'af~~~fto •Jiilt!~~-s! f.1it/ft'J"\)fttt!el: ~UJ1~.~?1J.fsfblrlq~f 3.0 

feet, haH-te~ths'~~~en·s:traD.d ~:0 'fetft, ltn't~nthli 1!-'f>o~ 4:~rfee!:· ~-·. ~o •;.;1,) •.. 

~-lthd control~~josed 'o'lheaV'Y~vetin :whic'h tll~'Wl1~·~bf-l 

grass; bed of riverisin :itself }fetni~~ht r ani.otiilt of ~.t!~~'d~' o!f' th~ ~~~ll; ' 

DUMila.rge · measurem&n~.:-4taile ·from downStream •iif<te: pt 'i)~~··d~g&; 

water and by wading-duHng low ani:J:~edi.U:m ~s •. ' : ·· ·. ' · ;:• · · " t·· ·" ., w~·flow.-f>ataitot av$ilable. · ·· ·· · · -71; · · ..: ·-'- : ... '• -~.::,;,~ 

Regulation.-Immediately. ,aboye the Btlttion ~a d~:-#itfra iq~ro~-heacr:~~­ wa~'t(t'tWo~'gnstmtnri!,·dite on eaclt"r:!idt! ottlre. rivtit:•; 1>~ ~~oos'tff'f~' 

the water stands below the crest of ~e dam, the-·~nille fl<iw.$~\t.'&:Oti~li~th~ wheels; gkge record fur ~df pel-iods shows a·diumal fiucfuatiorif t'fre_.:ll~'U~ 

iniftlenced to some·exterltby operatiomotthe Rough:and.ReQdY'Dain,'·alioilt Ij 

miles above the station. · •: · · .,:::m:: 

Accuracy.---Gage-height rec0rd only fuir. 

Data insufficient for estimates of daily and monthly discharge. 
198 SURFACE WATER SlJPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Watertown, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 

/- 80, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Di~-. 

height. charge. height. charge 

~ 

--- ------ Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

June 18 G. H. Canfield ......... 2.15 281 July 21 W. G. Hoyt.. .......... 2.30 a254 

29 W. G. Hoyt ............ 3.33 1,410 

a Wading measurement at bridge. 

NOTE.-Grass in section and at control when above measurements were made. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Roclc River at Watertown, Wu.,for the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914. 

[Herbert Euper, observer.] 

Day. I June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----------------11------1------------

1 ............... ~-- ... -. 3.05 2.37 2.40 1& ............... -------- 2 ............... -------· 2.92 a 1.92 2.43 17 ............... 3 --·i:oo· ............... -------- 2.84 2.34 2.40 18- - - ----------- . 4 ............... ······-· 2. 67 2.36 2.36 19 ............... 2.10 5 ............... --····-- 2.57 2.21 2.31 20 ............... 2.10 

6 ............... ·······- 2.59 2.14 a 1.86 21. ...... -- ...... 2.19 7 ............... ··------ 2.44 2.22 2.22 22 ............... 2.98 8 ............... ·····--· 2.48 2.36 2.29 23 ............... 3.55 9 ............... -····--· 2.47 a 1. 64 1.95 24. .............. 3.6 10 ............... -·------ 2.44 2.34 2.31 25 ............... 3.55 

11. .............. -------- 2.39 2.16 26 ............... 3.45 12 ............... ......... 2.32 2.34 2.21 27.-- ............ 3.5 13 ............... ······-· 2.30 2.22 a 1. 74 28 ............... 3.4 14 ............... -····-·· 2.38 2.20 2.36 29 ............... 3.3 15 ............... ········ 2.38 1. 92 3.6 30 ............... 3.2 31.- ............. --·-----

a Sunday. 

ROCK RIVER AT ·AFTON, WIS. 

2.36 

2.36 

2.32 

2.16 

2.31 

2.28 

2.32 

2.26 

2.33 

2.10 

a1.64 

2.35 

2.30 

2.30 

2.10 

2.12 

a}.66 

2.41 

2.20 

2.33 

2.40 

2.44 

2.62 

a2.36 

2.50 

2.42 

2.40 

2.32 

2.23 

2.20 

a}.80 

2. 42 

3.8 

3.65 

3.55 

3.45 

3.2 

3.05 

2.88 

2. 78 2.69 

2.64 

2.00 

2.54 

2.54 

2.48 

2.42 

Looation.-At highway bridge, town of Afton, Wis., about 9 miles above the Illinois 

State line. Bass Creek enters from the right about three-fourths mile below the 

station. 

Records available.-February 5 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-3,190 square miles. 

Gage.--Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 2.0 feet, 

half-tenths between 2.0 and 3.0 feet, and tenths above 3.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-No definite control below gage. River bed consists of 

gravel and clam shells and is probably permanent. 

Disjiliarge measurements.-Made from the .downstream side of highway bridge 

during medium and high stages; at low stages by wading. 

Winter tlow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; flow determined from measurements made through the ice. · 

Regulation.-Operation of power plants at Janesville and above causes fluptuations 

at the gage during low stages. 

Accuracy.-Rating curve well defined; records excellent except for periods of 

. extremely low water, when the mean daily gage height may be in error owing to 

fluctuations in stage. 
UPPER MtSSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 199 

Di&charge measurements of lf,oclc River at Afton, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 90, 

1914. 

Date. 

Feb. 5 

Mar. 3 

28 

May 13 

Made by- I Gage Disheight. charge. Date. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. 

HO)'t and Canfieid ..•... 2.51 a 1,210 May 15 

H. C. Beckman ........ 1.96 b673 July 23 G. H. Canfield ......... 3.46 c 2,180 Sept. 15 ..... do .................. 4.28 2,910 18 

a Small amount of ice in river below bridge. b Nearly complete ice cover below bridge. c River clear or Ice. 

Made byM. F. Rather .......... W. G. Hoyt ............ ..... do .................. ..... do ...... , ........... 

d Measurement made by wading at a section 20 feet above the gage. • Apparently backwater; cause of backwater not known. 

Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet, Stc.-fl. 

4.37 

1.15 ~~~ 7.52 • 4,880 

5 .. 241 3,950 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rock River at Afton, Wis.,jor the year ending Sept. 90, 1914. 

[Aden Clark, observer.] 

Day. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------~---!-- --------------------

!. ................................... ········ 2 ____________________________________ 2.15 4.2 3.6 3.4 4,0 1.12 1.09 ........ 2.15 4.4 3.5 3.4 4.2 .86 1.24 

3 .................................... . ~- ..... 2.1 4.6 3.4 3.2 4.2 1.14 1.36 

5 4 .................................... ____________________________________ 1.98 4.7 3.5 3.3 3.9 1.05 1.22 

2.5 2.1 4.6 3. 7 3.3 3. 7 1.05 1.28 

6 ____________________________________ 2.2 2.1 4.8 3.6 3.1 3.7 .90 1.08 

7 ................... ----------------- 2.4 1. 78 4.8 3.7 2. 75 3.7 .81 1.26 

8 .................................... 2.55 1. 70 4.8 3.9 2.8 3. 7 .86 1.29 

9 ....•............................... 2.7 1.68 4.4 3. 7 2. 7 3.5 .66 1.49 

10 .•................................ -- 2. 7 1.65 4.4 3.5 2.65 3.2 .88 1.10 

11 ...•.••...............•............. 2. 7 1.61 4.3 4.1 2.5 3.0 .94 1.14 

12 ............ ----- ...... ------------- 2.65 1.58 4.1 4.4 2.45 3.0 1.05 1.20 

14 13 .... ____________________________________ --- .... -.. ------- .......... -... - 2.5 1.85 4.2 4.4 2.4 2.65 1.06 1.04 

2.35 2.2 4.1 4.3 2.35 2.55 1.08 1.411 

15 ...•........ ------------------------ 2.1 2.0 4.0 4.3 2.35 2.3 .92 6.2 

16 ..•.•.•.•........................... 2.35 2.25 3.9 4.2 2.1 2.35 .52 5.4 

17.---------------------------------.-- 2.35 2.60 3.8 4.2 1.98 2.1 .85 5.3 

18.----------------------------------- 2.2 3.0 3.6 4.2 1.86 1.52 .89 5.2 

19 ................. -...... ----- .... --- 2.1 3.2 3.3 4.0 1.88 1.62 1.00 5.2 

20 •••.•••...••......•...•..........•.. 2.35 3.2 3.6 3.7 1.95 1.64 1.01 5.4 

21. .•.•.•...•.......•.••..•........•.. 2.4 3.4 3.3 3.6 1.90 1.55 1.06 5.4 22 ____________________________________ 1.88 3.3 3.4 3.4 2.15 1.28 1.14 5.4 

23 .................................... 2.00 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.2 1.32 1.32 5.4 24 .•••••••••••••.•.••••••.•••••••••••• 2.05 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.45 1.16 1.49 5.3 

25 ..•...•••.•......................•.. 2.1 3.2 2. 7 3.9· 2.6 1.31 1.42 6.3 

26 •••••••••••.••.•••.••.•••••.•.•••••. 2.1 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.6 .84 1.31 5.2 

27 .................................... 2.1 3.6 3.3 3.5 4.4 1.19 1.21 4.8 28 ••••••••..•..•....••..•.•...•.•.•••. 2.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.9 1.14 1.14 4. 7 29 •.•.•.••••.........•..•.•.•••••••••. ......... 3.6 3.5 3.2 4.2 1.30 1.10 4.4 

30 .................................... ·------- 4.0 3.6 3.2 4.2 1.30 1.06 3.9 

31. --·--.---------- .. ----------------- ........ 4.0 3.3 1.20 1.10 

NOTE.-Disch:u-ge reiatlon atrected by ice about Feb. li to Mar. 13. 
200 

Mar. - A:pr. May. June. July. Aug. 8~1!~· 

-----'-'-~----------·1---1-'00"-.'-"~-: ---------------

Day. 

1. .. ······-~·-· .. -·- .. -- -·---- ---- ·- .. ·-. :. :· . ... --··· 2,850. 2 ••••••••... : ........................................ 3,010 

3,. • • •••• ••'•• ••••• • • ••. • • •. • • • • •• w.•r • • ••;• •.• • ~ .--~-~-~ • • •' ·$,l240 

4 . .................... -.--.---.--.- .. --.-:. -.---~.- --·- .-........ -. .3,340 li ............................................ --'-·---· 3,240 

i~ ~~~~~~;~~~~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~: ~ ~~ ~~·~:~ ~ ~~-~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~-~-~-~~ ,jj~ 10 .............................. , ...................... 3,040 

11. •••••••••• ............ , .. --· : .. ·--- '''•" .... i --···· • 2;941) 12 .................................................... 2,760 

tl::::::::::::::::::::~~:::~::::::::~::.:~~:: ·:H~: ~;Wo · 16 ............................................ · 1;Mo ,· 2,580 17 ............................................ 1,530 .. 2,490 

~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: U~· A:~ 20 .......... ,................................. 1,98{) 2,31Q 

21 •••••..• ;:..~ ..... -.. -.--.-- ..... -..... --- .. -- 22 ............. ti/._. --- .•. _. .. -. --.-.-- •. ~ .. --.-.- . .} . . 

23 .... ........ : .. .:. .. -.. .... ~-.-.- ..... -.- ·'- .... -.. --! 

u. ; .... :. -~·-'·.-. --"· .. --- .. -.. --- .... --.--:.' 

25 ..... -~--~:: .......... :· .. if .••. - ......... -.- ........ -.' •• ·.-

2,140 2,060 

2,0110 2,140 

2,140 2,060 

2,000 . 1,900 

1, 980 .: 1, 600 

2;310 

2,220 

2,140 

2,220 

2,400 

-2,310 

- 2:tOO 

;580 

'2,~0 

2,220 

. 2,.760 

3,040 

3,040 

.2,940 

2,940 

2,850 

• 2,850 

2,850 

2,670 

. 2,40() 

2,140 

2,140 

.1,980 

2,060 

2,060 

1,000 

1 &ro' 

14670 

1,600 

1,~ 

1,460 

1,430 

1,400 

1,360 

1,360 

1,210 

--1,140 

1,070 

1,080 

• 1,120 

2,310.- .1,090 

2,140 1,240 

1,900 1,270 

1,900 1,430 . 2,580, 1,530 

. 2,310 

.3,040 

2,580 

2,850 

2,850. 

2,670 

2,850 

·.2;800 

!!,580:· 

2,400 

2, 40o 

2,400 

2,400 

2, l!20 

1,~_80 

1,820 

1,820 

1,560 

1,500 

. 1,330 

1,360 

1;210 

. 881 

932 

942 

896 

767 

785 

711 

781 

571 

725 .... 702 

7'76 

.7.16 

730 

- ~~· ' 702 

' 660 .. 660 

595 --559' 

579 

506 

587 

612 

660 

665 

674 

604 

465 

575 

591 

638 

642 

665. 

702. 

785 

866 

833 

... 781 . 735, 

702. 

683 

665 

683 

678 

748 

804 

7:19 

767 

674 

758 

771 

866 

683 

702 

730 

656 . ·861 

a·4,530 

4,160 

4,Jl40 

3,920 

3,920 

4.,J60 

.4.160 

4,1110 

4,160 

4,040 

.4,040 

' . .3,920 

3, 4llO a,340 

3,040 

2,580 

. .,;Di.scharge'estiliU'IJld from.d.ischa;cge:m~suremeni'inade on this:date. . . 

'NOTE.-Daily dl!icJiarge e~tllputed irom' a.i~ting CQi'Ve W~ll defined between '638 and 4 290 sec6nd!t~ CJ!age helgh"ts. , 1.0 a!itr 5.5 foot1. Dfstlharge e8t. ima~d; because_ of Ice, from ~ge hefghts1 observer's no_· tea; discfiarge measuie!Pents, !IIld climatic records, as f<?llows: ~eb. 5-15, 1,100 second-feet; Feb. )6-28, 840- s~nd-feet; !'J'd M¥: 1-13,_ 97~ SllQOl11·feet;_ ' 

._Montllf.v_ .. discMr'ge of}1pclc River a(Afton,:!fis:Jor the year endin-g Sel!t. 30, ~91_4.: __ 

(Drain!igillll'ea, 3,190.squ~oo.miles.]_ 

. • ' • f '-"; ~ I ~ 

. '.t ; ;·$,.\.: ') 

• J •• 

. 

. 

~&.arg~:m: . .;. second-f~t. . 

: ' -· •.. . . -~t--~ - February 5-28 ..... :: .. ......... : ... : . .... : . .. : .. ., • J ... . ... . . . . · . 959 

~ H ::.,,·1m ~;Efl·ll September.............................. 4,530 656 2,400 

Per 

square· 

mfl1l.· 

0.301 

• 486 

•.• 818-1 .759 

• 539 

• 467 

. 206 

. 752 

o.21 e. i'· 

.56 0 . 

~~ ~~ .60 A • .54 A • .24 B . 

.84 B. 
_R<?OK It!VJl~ A'k:m~KIQ.RJh, :Q:.J. ..:-'' 

~~on.~n ~~~t8~.P!fi1. pf 1~ ~1*·!-~.J,~·i>ltW~l;l.w\LJ''Pri~~-llft:N~ 

c/w.~nu~, .R<X!J¥opj,, Wpp.e}>~go,-,Q.<>.u~&, ¥1t;.~,..~utf.i~'Q~?JI: Jl.O.Y.~~ ~.iient 

, ~e~·-',... . .... _ . . . ~'--~~:::...; ... 'i:.-t~i ~.i~~··\ ... : .... ;)'1 ~- 1·-tf- ~-~J :-t 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-July 30 to September 30, 1914. . . "";.,.t~ -1; .• > ; 

Drainage a.rea..-6,520 sq~,!l-~il~,.,; .=·· ~ .~ ,,•, '·'-'~"- ,.; .;(.j.Li:. ·, :; ~:::- .. .;.y:.:;,. 

Ga.ge.--8W,ndard chaiu gage attached to bridge; -~~ffA~¥~ ~lling- ~~4 ~~ 

: ·" J8:9-~~~~-~n~ .. -. i.· .. : :. ,,,,,., ,_·;;." <•:! ... '• ~~ ·:. .• · ''···· • .' · .•.. .;,:·.: 

Q,~.~d: C()~~oL.;,,tP.roi?~ly tt~If~ll!;W~lt:•; ,;,.,; ,. r , ,., .· .. . 1,_ ••. ·.: ; ..• 

Di~~~,~~~n.!s.·-:rM~Q,aJ~~ps~ffi!l'oh'Pi!W· :• .. · .,,l 'ft••!r' 

Winte:,p~'¥:'Tl~;e,.: .~¥:.-:-•f!ps;_t,~~e, ~~·!:i!Ja~-SuP~~ "J>~ill!t 

:-. ,J~~:nplJ-~· al!:lt ~e~Yc· • ..,;.: ..... i;:., .•• :; ;,,,, : ..... ~ ;:_ ... -·l~ ",:m. ';;.,.. -...:;: ..,.,~ ..... ~ 

~-e~JP-~~~n·:I·A ~aJll tUiliJ!s -u,p~trH•·-·W .• Jf9,~Y;.~f .~~4&-,£0~K?Jtl. t;\l"Jlow 

, :. ~!.th~e -~~~··, ~~~.O.Pfil~~Gl~.:~~-PP.~5 . .l\~~ ~(~s;Wi~tion at the gage. . " · ~~ H t .-~ . ~ • ·•. _, ~ ~: > .. ~ , ; , i" ,"': "$J. ~-< t rh:J. it:'',~..,.:·~;·- ",!:0: i;,,t,;j.# :-;~~.:;.r~ ·· ~~.i-~ ~CQ.g;¥'8.C~-;:-C'...,aa ,:f~..l;p!!B reli,!l.ble; .IIl,<;'.llS111"A~P."l-a ""'.''"( R<>o-nl!o,tiJ:m. qf at.-.no llliLJio 

···· 7J.f!~~'tlii~~(l~f~a~·h·eight a8~~-:;d?i~~~~i~~~i~;rnat.adbtmf1Wi9Bt~~ti).Jlat~.o»-di~:··: : 'l' ·:;.;\ :i.s.L' :"J¥c-a ':'.;.,::W 

.~::: (u~; ~'!.::.,p.·;1·~·.t ,.._.~- ;,, ·-.l" -U.i ;t;."' 'ot!~":,![ 

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Roclcfard, Ill., duri1/(J.the~«Jr;~-~ 

. 1914. 

Date. h~~t~. ~~~Ji;.'~~~:_- -~ M~~ by- h~~~- ~f~~~;,. '~·. Feet. Sec':-fr. : .• , ·• . ,·""' -·--•· Feet . . Sec::tt. 

July.16 B. J. Peterson.......... 3.06 2,660 Sept. 10' Peterson and Kessler... 1.86 1,_360 • '30 Peterson and Espinosa·. 2. 32 1:,730 - - · .. · ' .. - ".,( . : ' 

Made by-

; ~ :r"',, •·• ~ .. ·•• *-"' ·'~- ~ ·' ;' ,. ~ ·.: 

E;;ily gaqe height, infeaf., ~~ ilo&R~Pei ~t;Rock]ard, Iil.,fm the yed:r ~~~/Seiit .so, :1914. ~;, • ' • • • ~ > ' • ' ~'- ~-; >; . ·. . " .. ·,;a:. r . • ; • • ' -· ' .:-. 

1. ..... ---·-··· 2.38 2.92 11 ...... ............. 2.16 2.16 21.. ••. : ........... 2.35 7.88 

2 ...... .......... 2.18 2.56 12 ...... .. ......... 2.11 2.20 22 ...... .......... 2.45 7.25 

a ...... ........... 2.34 3.53 13 ...... . ........... 2.36 1.54 23 ...... ......... 2.48 6.88 

4 .••••. .......... 2.39 3.20 14 ...... .. .......... 2.16 2.36 24 ...... ............ 2.55 5. 72 

5 •••••. .......... 2.61 2.53 15 ...... .. .......... 2.20 5.35 25 ...... ............. 2.57 4.84 

6 •••••. ......... 2.62 2.03 16 ...... .. ......... 1.70 7.85 26 ...... ............... 2.34 4.61 7 •••••. ........... 2.65 2.36 17 ...... .. ........... 2.18 8.20 '1:1 ...... ........... 2.18 4.35 

8 •••••. .......... 2.14 2.53 1S3 ...... . .......... 2.10 7.98 28 ...... ............. 2.26 4.31 

9 ...... ............ .84 2.36 19 ...... .. ............ 2.18 7.80 29 ...... 1.96 4.18 

10 •••••• ............ 1.94 2.35 20 ...... .. ........... 2.26 7.88 .30 ...... 2.55 1.13 4.09 

31. ..... 2.51 2.42 
202 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

PECATONIOA RIVER AT DILL, WIS. 

Loca.tion.-At Illinois Central Railroad bridge at Dlll (Ramona P. 0.), Wis., 9 miles 

above the Illinois State line; about 1 mile below the junction of the east and west 

branches of Pecatonica River. Skinner Creek enters from the left about 1 mile 

below station. 

Records availa.ble.-February 9 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area..-959 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Cast-iron staff gage fastened to downstream side of the left-hand abutment; 

read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths 

below 1.0 foot, half-tenths between 1.0 and 2.0 feet, and tenths above 2.0 feet. 

Channel and control.:-Sandy; likely to shift during all periods of the year. 

Discharge measurements.-At low and medium stages made from upstream side 

of highway bridge about 400 feet above the gage; during extremely high water 

considerable water overflows to the left of this highway bridge, 1md measurements 

are made from the railroad bridge to which the gage is attached. 

Regula.tion.-Operation of power plants above the station causes little if any diurnal 

fluctuation noticeable at the gage. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Discharge ·relation affected by ice; flow determined from discharge 

measurements made through the ice. 

Accuracy.-Records good. 

Discharge 'TIUJasurem.ents of Pecatonica River at I>ill, Wis:, during the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914. 

Date. Made byFeb. 9 Caflfteld and Hoyt .... . Mar. 5 H. C. Beckman ....... . Apr. 17 W. G. Hoyt.. ........ .. May 13 M. F. Rather ........ .. 14 ..... do ............... .. 

Gage Disheight. charge. Date. Made byFeet. 

1.80 

3.63 

1.65 

2.80 

1.90 

Sec.-ft. a325 

a765 

b449 

883 

546 

Jime 29 M. F. Rather ........ .. July 22 W. G. Hoyt .......... .. Aug. 27 H. C. Beckman ...... .. Sept. 17 W. G. Hoyt.. ........ .. 18 ..... do ................ . 

Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet. 

3.35 

1.20 

. 79 8.97 

6.06 

Sec.-ft. 

1,050 

352 

274 

2,890 

1,630 

a Measurement made under complete lee cover. b Control clear of ice. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 203 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Edward Kuhl, observer.] 

Day. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------1----------------

1. .......................... -------- -------- 5.5 2.1 1. 5 1.7 1.9 1.1 3.6 2 .................................... ··------ 6.3 2.3 1.5 2.2 1.8 1.1 2.8 3 .................................... -------- 5.8 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.4 4 .................................... ········ 4.4 2.1 1.8 1.45 1.65 1.1 1. 15 5 .................................... -------- 3. 9 1.9 2. 1 1.9 1.6 1. 1 1.1 

6 .................................... -------- 4.2 1.85 1.8 2.6 1.6 1. 1 1.1 7 .................................... ········ 4.6 1. 85 1. 55 2.4 1. 75 1.1 1.15 8 .................................... 4.4 1.85 1.5 1.8 1. 55 1.1 1.15 9 .................................... 1.8 4.2 1. 85 1.5 1. 65 1.45 1.1 1.1 10 .................................... ------·- 3.9 1.85 1. 45 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.15 

11 .................................... ····---- 3.6 1.85 2.2 1.5 1.35 1.1 1.2 

12 ................ ·-··· ......... ·····. 3.2 1.8 2.8 1.5 1.3 1.05 1.35 13 .................................... 1.85 3.2 1.7 2. 7 1. 5 1.4 1.05 1.3 14 ........ ······· ..................... 1. 85 4.0 1. 65 2.1 1.55 1.6 1.05 2.5 15 .............................. : . ..... 1.85 4.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.5 .94 a 11.4 

16 .................................... 1.85 4.3 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.45 1.4 a 11.1 17 .................................... 1. 75 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.8 a9. 6 18 ........................ .-........... 1. 75 2.1 1.65 1.5 1.5 1.45 1. 5 5. 1 19 ........ ······· ······· .............. 1. 75 1.9 1.65 1.5 1.45 1.3 1.5 2. 9 20 .................................... 1. 75 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.45 1.2 2.2 1. 95 

21. ................................... 1. 75 1.6 1.6 1.5 1. 45 1.2 1.6 1.9 22 .•••.•••••...•.•..•.•............••• 1.8 1.55 1.6 1.5 1 95 1.2 1.3 1.8 23 .................................... 1.8 1.55 1.6 1.5 3.0 1.2 1.3 1.7 24 ...•................................ 1.85 1.5 1.6 1.25 2. 7 1.35 1.2 1.7 25 .................................... 1.85 1.45 2.6 2.9 2.4 2.8 1.05 1. 55 

26 •........•.....•.................... 1.8 2.2 2.6 2.2 3.2 2. 7 1.0 1.5 27 ............•..•.................... 1.7 2.6 1. 85 1.6 4.8 1.35 .95 1.5 28 ..•.....•.•........•................ 1.9 2.3 1.65 2.6 4.6 1.25 .96 1.5 29 •••••••.•.•.•..••..••.•...•..•....•. ---····· 2.5 1. 65 4.3 3.0 1.2 1.0 1.5 30 .................................... · -------· 2.5 1.5 4.5 1.8 1.2 1.1 1. 45 31. ................................... -------- 1.9 2.8 1.15 1.05 

a Estimated; gage height for crest of flood determined by engineers of the Survey from point marked by the observer. 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Feb. 9 to Mar. 20. 
Dttil~·jft.~i~~ •. P.ti.r~firr~"'<lf"¥··t9l.f/w t: .. 

~~·~ 

~: :::: :i::~:~ ·::.:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: :': ~:: ::: ~: '• 

8 .. -..... -~- -!-~-- .. -- .. ~-l- ........ ·-...... - ~--- ... -- .... -:.·- ;. -- -~ .. .:. ' 

13:~::: :; : :; :::::: ~-::;::::: ~ :.:::: :~:: ~::::: :~ :::::::: ! 

411 

411' 

411 

'424 

502 

539 

468 

411 

399 

'399 

399."' 

"558 

953 

841 

1'Z1 

1,020 

1,340 

1,310 

'953 

502 

376 

365 

387 

438 

411 

327 

318' 

318 

'318 

3IJI.I. 

399 387' ' 411 5'02 " 399 411 365 '411 

345 ''651 

lR5 '. 438' 3"45' ". 365 345 365 376 ' 345 

879 '318 

841 

376 

355 

'310"" '4ll' 

·302 -- ·m· 

'345 

345 

336 

303 411 '310 - >lit. 

. ·m 3llJ •¥•••··· :, 

r.!~~J:lt,~ll~t~tedl~ a rating em:"~ fa41~we11·~~~ ~~~-~~.~~~~~~~ 

clllWio.,., .. ~~JWt~f~liof.,lge.lrDIIl~l'Jlgh~~ :recoMs, as ouo'\VS:"n . 1}--JO;"D:t"~u-mt~ lftu·. - , 

'a.~.~.~~ SACbli~Ie~Ettr,~-JUj..~~ feet; and Mar. 11-20, 680 second-feet. ,,.. · ... • "-' 

, . :,.. !;fl.;· .• · ...... -~ ~,. •. ~ ~:... · .. '"·· ~:.~v.. .• .~ . .~o..o~J";,n -~ :.._ ·--< ~-_,-. .::-.. ·, 

MIYnthly discharge of Pecatonica River at Dill, W''tB.,jor the year ending Sept. 80, 1914~ 

[Drainage area, 959 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: 

~~~~~~H~jjjjjjjHLHH~~~ ~:m m 

September .••.. ;........................ 4,110 327 

aos· 

6(11 

515 

575 

613 

430 

352 

839 

mile. 

0.321 

• 710 

.537 

.600 

.639 

.448 

• 367 

.875 

Run-off 

~thin Accu-

~0: racy. 

area). 

0.24 c. 

.82 c . 

.60 A. 

.69 B. 

.72 A. 

.52 A, 

.42 A . 

.98 B. 
. • 'PECAToN tlA' RlV- 'Rri'~RT}··rt:L~ :. ·: ·. i\ •,, ,, ',' 

Locat!O..I1·-In 1\ f7 l'L R, E., at the h.ighw:ay bridge at Hanco.ck Avenue, Fr.ee-

... por);? StephensouC~~nty Ill., abo~t halia:mili}~t of thei}li:p.oi,a, CentralRaJIwa_rstation at Freepott a 1<1 about 2 milesnbovErthe mouth of Yellow Creek. 

Records-available,-September 10 to-·SE>ptember-80, 1914. ··· 

,Dr~a~ area.-Not J;Il(lasuresL. • . ,. · · '. ; . , .. . . 

;(ia:ge.-Standard cfuii:ii gage- att::tdied to brldge; read daily, morning ~;tnd @;fternoon, 

; , ·' to q.llarter-tenths. · · · 

Qhannei and control.-Soft-:mud; :probably shifts. 

Discharge measurenients._:_Made from t~lteam side of .highway bridge. 

Flooda.-Maximum- gage height -sine& -estalHishment of gage, 18.45 feet, occurred 

Septetriber16, 1914: · '' · 

Winte:J: flow.-Ice may affect th,(l,_diacharge re~ation during· parts of December, . ·January, and February. ··:. ' ,.,. .. . ' . . . . 

Regulation.-A dam three-fourths of a m_ile upstream regulates the flow past the gage. 

Data insuffi.cie11t f()qn~king estimates'" of discharge. 

·ThefoliQwing discharge measurement was made hy Peterson and Kessler: 

: September 10, 191;4: Gage height,.3.94 feet; discharge, 386 second-feet. 

Daily gq.ge height, infef,t, of Pewtoniw.Rivei- ~t Freeport, Ill. ,for the period Sept. 11-30; 

. f ' 

Day. 

11 ....... ' .......... ' ... -~ 

-12 ...... ; . ,, : . ........... . 13.: ... ·'.: .. ...... ' ..... ' ::w ....................... . 15.~-- .. ; . ----- -·- . .:. : . . --

16 ........ : .............. , I'l ...... ; .... .' .. J .• ; ..... ; 

. . . 1914. 

Sept. 

4.02 

4.06 

4.08 

.5.30 

15.70 

18.35 

17.84 

[William Stout, observer.] 

~ Day. Sept. Day. 

18 ....................... 17.18 25 ..................... . 19....................... 16.05 20 ................. '..... 12. 74 26 .................... .. 27 ..................... . 21. ..................... . 7.61 28 ..................... . . 22 .... " ................ . 6.42 29 .................... . 23 ... ~ ....•...•.......... 5.80 30 ..................... . 24 ... ' ................... . 5.52 

$UGAR 'RIVER' NEAR' BRODH:EAD, WIS. 

Sept. 

5.42 

5.22 

4.95 

4.80 

4. 78 4. 79 

Location.·-·.f\.t high\~J.y brldge 2 miles southwest of the village of Brodhead, Wis. 

-. , and abottt 12 mh~ above the Illindis State fine.· Jordan Creek enters from the 

right about 2 m\Ies belowthe:station, arid Little Jordan Creek also from the right 

' about 4 rb.lles above the iful tionr ' · 

RE!corda availabla:;:~ebruary 7 to Septembe/30, 1914. 

:Prainage area.-529 aquare miles. . ' 

Gage.-Dhain gage attached- to downstream side· ·of highway bridge; read daily, 

morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 1.0 

foot, half-tenths between 1.0 and 2.5 .feet, and tenths above 2.5 feet. 

Channel and control.-Bed of river aandy; ma.f-8hiftuurrng1llgli stAges. 

Discharge measurements.--Made from upstream side of bridge at medium and 

high stages; at low stages by wading. 

Winter flow.-Discharge relation affected by ice; discharge determined from measurements made throug)?. the ice. 

Regulation.-During extremely low water there may be some diurnal fluctuation 

caused by the operation of power plants above the ga.ge, especially the plant at 

Brodhead. 

Accuracy.-Rating curve well defined; records good. 
206 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Discharge meaBUTementB of Sugd:r River near Brod.head, Wv., during the year ending Sept. 

80, 1914-. 

Date. Made by- G~e Dis- Date. Made by- ~e Disheig t. charge. h t. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feb. 7 Hoyt and Canfield ..... 3.55 G223 June 29 M. F. Rather ••••.•...•. 3.61 1,010 

Mar. 4 H. C. Beckman ........ 3.25 G391 July 22 W.G.Ho~········ 1.52 273 . 27 G. H. Canfield ..•...... 2.04 b394 Aug. 27 H. C. Bee •••..... 1.36 •207 

~r. 16 ::j\fa~h~·:::::::::: 1.59 268 Sept. 16 W. G. Hoyt ••........•• 7.66 4,010 

ay 13 2.65 664 16 .•.•. do .••.••........••• 7.13 3,200 

14 ..... do .•••............. 2.56 598 17 ....• do ................. 5.73 2,120 June 28 ..... do •.•.............. 3.87 1,140 

a Ice below gage and at eection. b No ice at control. • Wading measurement, 300 feet above gage. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914-. 

[Arthur Christianson, obeerver.] 

Day. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. I June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------------ ------ !. ....... : ........................... -------- 2.4 2. 45 1. 75 1.65 2.15 1.35 1.45 

2 .................................... -------- 3.2 2.4 1. 7 1.6 1.8 1.15 1.3 

3-···-·····-·······--··-·-··-·-···-·- -------· 3.2 2.25 1.4 1.55 1.6 1.4 1.3 

4 .................................... ----·--- 3.2 2.05 1. 75 1.6 1.5 1. 3 1.2 

5 .................................... -------- 3.2 1.85 1.9 1.55 1.65 1.4 1.2 

6 ...... ·-···-··-···-··-·-·-·-·-·-·-·· 2.9 1.95 2.0 1.6 1. 7 1.1 1.15 

7-·-·········-···-····---···-·-·-···- 3.3 2.8 2.0 1. 7 1.55 1.65 1.3 1.3 

8--···-·-·-·-·-·-·---·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·- 2.2 2.5 1.9 1.6 1.55 3.0 1.35 1:35 

9-·················--·----··---·-···· 2.25 2.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.85 a.oo 1.3 

10·-····-·-·-·--··--·--··-····-·--·-·- 2.05 2.2 1.8 1.35 1.45 1.5 1.35 1.3 

11--····-···--······-·····-·-·-·--··-· 1.9 2.15 1. 75 1. 75 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.15 

12 .•. ·-·-·-·-·--········-···----·-·-·· 1.9 2.15 1.65 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.25 

13·-·-··-·-··-···-··········--·-·-···· 2.0 2.15 1.65 2.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 a.so 

14 ...... -· -· .............. -· -· .... ··-· 2.0 2.7 1.55 2.5 1.35 1.6 1.3 I. 7 

15 ..................................•• 1.95 3.2 1.55 1.95 1.5 1.55 1.3 8.1 

16 .................................... 2.15 3.3 1.6 1. 75 1.6 1.45 a.92 7.4 

17.-.-.-.......... --.-.- ....... -.- .... 2.05 2.6 1.65 1.6 1.65 1.6 1.25 5.5 18 .................................... 2.05 2.1 1.65 1.6 1.5 1. 4 1.4 4.0 19 ..•...............•................. 2.05 1.85 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.35 3.0 20 •••••••••.•..•.••.••••••.••••••.•••• 2.1 1.8 1.6 1. 75 1.6 1;25 1.3 1.9 

21. ...............................•... 2.1 1. 7 1.65 1.5 1.45 1.35 1.3 1.9 22." ....•.............................. 1.8 1.6 1.55 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.5 1. 4 23 .................................... 2.25 1. 7 1.55 1.6 1.9 1.1 a1.05 1;45 2L ................................... 2.15 1. 7 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.0 1. 4 1.4 25 ...••••••••••••••••••••••••.••..•.•. 2.15 1.6 1.65 1.65 1.8 1.2 1.45 1.6 

26 ······------------------------------ 2.0 1. 75 1.8 1.9 1.85 1.15 1.5 1. 7 27 ······------------------------------ 2.15 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.8 1. 4 1.4 a1.3 28 ------------------------------------ 2.3 2.15 1.9 1. 8 3.8 1. 25 1.4 1.55 

29--······-·-··-·-·····-·····-········· ·····--- 2.4 2.05 1.8 3. 4 1.2 1.4 1.3 30 ............................••...... ------·- 2.5 2.05 1.8 2.8 1. 4 a.45 1.55 

31. ...•..... -··-·-·············-····-- ·······- 2.6 1. 7 1.35 1.4 

a Sunday. 

N OTE.-Discharge relation a.ffected by ice about Feb. 7 to Mar. 20. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. . 207 

Daily discharge, in seco'fl,djeet, of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. 1· Mar. Apr. MaY:. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------1--~~~~~~~~~~~-

1. .................................................. . 2 .•••........................................ ····•··· 3 ................................................... . 4 .•••.••....•..•....•...•....•..••.•...••.•••.•.•.•.• 

5 .••.... ··•·· ...............•.................•....•. 

6 ................................................... . 7 ••• ··' .......•...•...........•.....•.•..•••...•..... 8 ................................................... . 9 ............................................ ········ 10 ....... ······· ..................................... . 

11. .................................................. . 12 ................................................... . 13 ................................................... . 14 ••.•...•.............•.•..•.•..•.......••..••....••. 

15 .......... ········ ..... ····· ....................... . 

16 ................................................... . 17 ................................................... . 18 ................................................... . 

~&::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1:::::::: 21 .................................... , ....... . 

22 .. ·•···················•···················· 23 ........................................... . 24 ................................ ······ ..... . 25 ........................................... . 

307 

278 

307 

307 

278 

556 

538 

484 

416 

352 

384 

400 

368 

337 

337 

322 

292 

292 

264 

264 

278 

292 

292 

278 

278 

292 

264 

264 

250 

292 

23 .•. ··············-·-····-····-······ ········ 322 337 27 ............... ·········· .................. . 28 .•.........................................• 

2J ........................................... . 30 ...............•............................ 

31 •........................................... 

a Sunday. 

400 400 450 368 538 416 

575. 416 

612 ········ 

322 292 

307 278 224 2,64 

322 278 

368 264 

400 278 

307 264 

278 264 

250 250 212 237 

322 224 400 199 502 224 575 212 384 250 

322 278 278 292 278 250 250 224 322 250 

250 237 250 278 278 368 278 433 292 337 

368 352 368 688 337 1.100 337 928 337 688 307 

450 212 237 337 166 199 278 224 199 250 199 17() 

292 224 176 

307 156 166 292 199 199 766 212 212 352 a124 199 250 212 199 

224 199 166 199 199 188 224 199 a no 278 199 307 264 199 b 4, 750 

237 a121 3,600 278 188 1,980 224 224 1,190 156 212 766 188 199 368 

212 199 368 176 250 224 156 al48 237 140 224 224 176 237 278 

16o 250 307 224 224 al9Q 

188 224 264 176 224 199 224 a c 74 264 212 224 

b Discharge at crest of flood (gage height, 9.0 feet) about 6,500 second-feet. c Approximate; based on extension of rating curve. 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 199 and 4,580 second-feet (gage heights, 1.3 and 8.0 feet). 

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements,and climatic records, as follows: Feb. 7-20, 215 second-feet; Feb. 21-28, 240 second-feet; Mar.1-10, 445 second- feet; and Mar.U-20, 435 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 529 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off ----.,.-----..----,------1 (depth in Accu- Month. racy. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per 

square 

m'ile. 

inches on drainage 

area). 

-- ----~ ------1----1--

~~~~~~ ~~~-----·-·.·. ::::::::::::::::::::: ........ 6i2" :::::::::::: 

April.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. .. . . . . .. . . 556 250 May.................................... 575 212 June.................................... 1,100 199 July.................................... 766 140 August................................. 250 74 September.............................. 4, 750 110 

224 

425 

344 

323 

349 

255 

198 

598 

0.423 

. 803 

. 650 

. 611 

. 660 

.482 

. 374 1.13 

0.3S C. .93 c . . 73 A . .70 A • .74 A . .56 B. .43 A. 1. 26 B. 
-~(J8 •. ,:l."&f:lf.FA~E WATER ·SUPPLY, 19i4, P.AI:tT v:. 

··.~11··~ ~)"~ •,i,, /, IOWA:.RIVER NEAR i:O:WA FALLS, IOWA: 

Loca.tion.~About 1 ~above Iowa Fa.lls and 2 miles below the Northwestern 

·• Railway bridge~ ·A small creek enters from the left between tho bridge and the 

. gage. ' 

·&ecorclli"a.v$.1llt.ble..-"-:-Augutit 5, 11n1, to September 30, 1914, when station was dis- ·• ; continued,.. · ~. · 

·~e."T: Ve~eal staft fastened to a maple tree on the north or left bank of the river; 

· ·• read dailv. ~orning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use:· Hundredths 

'?.! belo~ 1.S, ~alf-tenths between 1.5 and 3.0, and tenths above 3.0 feet. 

Cha.nn~l and control.-Rock bottom; permanent. . : 

;~Mscb.a.q.e measurements.-Made at low water by wading in the vicinity of ·tlie 

-, , gage; at high stages fro~ Illinois Central Railroad bridge one-fourth mile from 

. ' . depot. . · . · 

Winter :fiow.-.:Discha.rge relation affected by ice. As no discharge measurements 

· were 'made auring the winter, no estimates of discharge have been prepared for 

periOds when the discharge relation is believed to have been materially affected 

:by ice. 

:&egulation;....:...A dam· 7 miles above the g~~g(;l at Alden is used occasionally, but flow 

. at the ~Js probably natural. 

·Accurli.cy.-Co:nditions favorable for good .results. The rating curve, however, has 

not been <J~eloped for stages a;bove about 2.2 feet, and estimates of discharge 

have thetefGre not been prepared for periods when the stage exceeded 2.2 -feet. 

DiBcharg~ mell8UT'emen~ of Iowa Ri~ nelzt Iowa -Falls, Iowa, .during the year:~ing . · . · · Sept. 80, 1914; · · . . . 

-~te, - -- .. Made-by- . ~ c~~e. Rate. Made by-. 

Feet. 8tJC.-ft. · ~Y· 14 :J .• B< ~~,, ....... 0:82 · 72 ·Sept.· 25 B. B. Soulo!; ......... .. June 22 ..... do................. 1.52 2110 .. ~ ' ........... '. .. .· -~ ~ . ,. ·.- .... -~-

.. -:·-' .. : r,. Pro15a'blyl>ac~tet frOm d8Iil at f~ .. ~- .. ,. 

NOTE.-Measurements made by wading. . ~ ·~· ,: :- . .:; . . ._ ' t • • ~ ~· ·..:_ - • 

. Gage Disheight. rlmrge. 

·• , . 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN .AGE BASIN, 209 

Daily gage height, in feet,. of Iowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa, for theyearendingSept. 

30, 1914. 

[Albert Kulas, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ............. 0. 72 0. 70 0. 78 0.85 1.18 1. 36 0.90 1. 22 0. 98 1.10 0. 74 0.59 2 ............•. .65 .80 • 75 .82 1. 20 1. 35 .98 1.18 .90 1.00 . 74 .62 3 .............. .65 • 75 .80 .85 1.12 1.55 . 88 1. 08 .88 1. 01 . 73 .60 4 .............. .65 .82 . 78 .86 1.18 1.55 . 89 1. 01 .80 1.00 • 72 .58 5 .............. • 75 . 76 • 75 .95 1.15 1.5 .86 .99 1.00 .97 • 70 • 61 

6 .............. .80 . 74 . 81 1.02 1.00 1.48 .86 .99 2.25 .92 .68 .57 7 .............. • 95 .66 • 85 1. 00 1. 08 1.5 .88 1.00 6. 4 .90 .65 • 57 8 .............. .95 .69 . 79 1.00 1.16 1. 48 .84 .96 6.6 .90 .64 .58 9 .............. 1.12 . 72 .80 1. 02 1.16 1. 40 .80 .92 4. 8 .89 .64 .57 10 •••••.....•.•• 1. 40 • 72 .85 1. 05 1.20 1. 40 .82 .89 4. 0 .88 .66 . 76 

11 ...... ········ .96 .90 .71 1. 08 1.18 1.35 .80 .88 3. 5 .84 .68 . 82 12 .............. .92 .80 . 82 1. 08 1.25 1.30 . 78 .88 2. 95 .86 .65 .80 13 .............. .85 .82 . 75 1. 0/i 1. 25 1.38 • 79 .84 2.6 .80 .64 .85 14 ..•........... . 86 .84 . 85 1. 08 1. 25 1.28 • 78 .82 2.6 .80 .64 1.04 15 •............. • 75 .80 .80 1. 08 1.28 1.22 . 78 . 81 2. 7 .80 .62 1.25 

16 .............. . 78 • 80 . 81 1.09 1.28 1.16 . 78 .80 2. 75 .84 .61 1. 24 17 .............. • 79 • 80 .84 1.09 1.29 1.19 • 76 • 78 2.8 .81 .60 1.12 18 .............. • 81 . 80 . 76 1. 09 1.29 1. 34 • 75 .77 2.6 .80 . 59 .98 19 .............. . 79 .82 .69 1.10 1. 22 1. 29 .80 . 74 2.2 .80 .58 . 91 20 .............. • 75 .85 .80 1. 09 1. 22 1.38 .80 . 72 1.8 .80 .58 .89 

21. ............. . 78 .86 . 79 1.00 1.22 1. 04 . 84 • 74 1. 65 . 76 .58 . 86 22 .............. . 79 .82 .84 1.09 1. 24 1.09 . 82 .71 1. 55 . 73 .58 1.20 23 ...•.•........ . 76 . 78 .86 1.10 1. 28 1. 05 . 79 . 72 1.6 .70 .60 1.22 24 ••..•..•...•.. .68 .66 .89 1.10 1. 24 . 98 .85 • 78 1.55 • 70 .60 1.12 25 •..•.•........ .65 .60 .84 1.10 1. 26 .so .89 1. 01 1. 40 .84 .60 1. 04 

26 ••..••.•.•.••. . 79 .62 .80 1.11 1.29 .82 .90 1. 48 1. 32 .99 .59 .97 27 .......•...... . 74 . 68 .85 1.10 1. 45 . 80 .99 1.6 1. 24 .84 .59 .92 28 .............. . 70 . 78 • 85 1. 25 1. 49 1.12 1.14 1.6 1.19 • 7Q .59 .87 29 .............. .72 .80 .90 1.25 ··----- 1.00 1. 21 1. 40 1.15 .71 .59 .82 30 .............. .71 .85 .88 1.20 ------· 1.00 1. 22 1.14 1.13 . 70 .59 . 78 31. ............. . 70 ----·-· .88 1.15 ------- .98 ------· 1. 05 ------· .71 .ij9 ....... 

NOTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 24, 1913, to Mar. 23, 1914, and by backwater from dam at Iowa Falls Sept. 2-30, 1914. 

Daily discharge, in second1eet, of Iowa River near Iowa Falls,Iowa,from Aug. 5, 1911, 

to Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Aug. Sept. Day. 

1911. 1911. 1. ............. ......... 4 11 .............. 2 .•.•.......... ........ 6 12 .............. 3 ••••.•........ ····-··· 8 13 .............. 4 .............. 4 14 .............. 

5 .............. 14 10 15 .............. 

6 .............. 13 13 16 .............. 7 .............. 12 10 17 .............. 8 .............. 13 10 18 .............. 9 .............. 14 10 19 .............. 10 .............. 27 24 20 .............. 

97825°-WSP 385-15--14 

Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. 

---11---------

44 46 48 17 30 44 

30 13 27 39 

28 14 

20 17 22 30 14 37 14 14 

1911. 21 •.••.......... 

22 .•............ 

23 .............. 

24 .............. 

25 .............. 

26 .............. 

27 ...•.......... 

28 .............. 

29 .............. 

30 ....... : ...... 

31.. ············ 

20 

17 

14 

17 

13 

20 

12 

14 

10 

4 

4 

32 

14 

17 

17 

39 

14 

32 

14 

39 

16 
210 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART v. 

Daily diBcharge, in secondjeet, of Iowa River near Iowa Falls, 

to Sept. SO, 1914----Continued. 

Iowa, from Aug. 5,1911, 

Da~. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1911-12. 1. •.•.•.••••••. 48 17 48 ------- ....... ······· 180 280 72 39 37 

2 .•.•.•••••.••• 39 14 58 ······· ....... ···-··· ·····-- 161 250 95 37 68 3 •••••.••••.•.• 41 14 58 ------- ....... ....... ....... 155 199 86 32 66 4 ••••..•••••••. 44 22 79 --····· --····· -······ . ...... 143 173 79 30 56 5 ..•••••••••••• 44 14 56 ·····-- ······- ........ ....... 143 149 79 30 46 

6 ...•.......... 44 48 64 ·------ ------- ·------ 584 143 143 64 30 46 7 ••••••........ 44 22 64 ------- ·------ ------- 490 140 132 60 30 39 

8 ••••.•••••..•. 27 48 66 ------- ···-··· ------- 424 140 115 66 41 44 

9 ••••.•••••.•.. 56 24 60 --····· ·-····- ······· 340 137 105 64 39 44 10 ••••••••••••.. 39 52 115 ------- ------- ------- 280 137 90 66 41 66 

11 ••.•.•••••.••• 41 58 112 ·------ ······· ------- 250 224 88 66 50 41 

12 ••••••.•...... 27 39 79 -----·- ------- ------- 228 536 81 90 90 27 

13 ••••••.••.•.•• 52 a35 102 ------- ------· ······- 206 34i 149 86 81 50 14 ............•. 50 a35 112 ······· ······· ....... 446 276 180 86 86 52 

15 .•••.•.•••.••. 14 34 95 ······· ---···· ------- 560 242 272 64 68 32 

16 ••••••••••..•• 58 30 90 -----·- ······- ------- 424 206 186 56 64 60 17 ••••..•••..... 64 86 112 ······· ····-·· ······· 340 190 167 48 58 48 

18 •••••••••..•.. 34 24 100 ······- ------· ------- 276 170 143 48 58 27 19 ...••••..•.... 44 44 79 ------- ------- ------- 224 149 121 68 66 64 20 .•••••••.•..•. 39 50 86 ------- ------- ------- 206 143 112 118 72 52 

21. •.•••••.•••.. 27 39 92 ------- ------- 235 132 95 149 72 37 

22 ••••••••.•..•• 27 90 90 ------- ------- 340 118 90 143 72 46 23 ..••.•••.•.... 52 22 81 ------- ------ 356 115 88 118 66 56 24 .•••••.•...... 48 44 79 ------- ------- 344 100 81 100 64 46 25 .••.••.•...... 27 48 95 ------- ------ 300 90 72 79 58 34 

26 ••..••.•.•.•.. .36 58 86 ------- ------- ·····-- 238 102 68 79 50 34 27 .•..••••.•.... 27 58 81 ------- -----·- ------- 199 360 64 58 52 44 28 ••••.••••••••. 52 50 77 ------- ------- 213 584 64 52 46 52 

29 .•.•••••••.•.• 27 52 79 ------- ------- ------- 206 536 58 48 44 27 30 .•.•.•..••••.. 44 64 90 ------- ------- ------- 206 377 58 48 41 56 31. •••.•.••••.•• 30 ------- --····· ......... ------- ------- ------- 280 41 39 

1912-13. 1. •••.••.••..•. 24 79 79 --·---- ----·-- ------- 261 173 560 68 22 13 

2 ..••••••••••.• 52 81 79 ·---·-- ------- ------- 238 149 468 64 30 Ul 3 .•.•••.•••..•. 30 79 56 . ....... ---·--- ------ 235 137 381 90 12 111 4 .•••.•••••.... 30 95 86 ------- ------- ------- 242 238 300 72 14 13 5 ..•.••••••••.. 34 72 110 ------- ----··· -----·· 242 320 272 64 20 13 

6 ••.•••••.••.•. 34 52 115 --·--·- ------- ------- 242 360 257 50 20 13 7 .•.•.•••.•.•.• 34 44 115 ------- ......... .......... 261 340 203 48 28 14 

8 •••.••••.•••.• 52 90 ........ ------- ------- ------- 381 320 1~ 48 8 30 9 .••••••••.••.. 39 60 ......... --·---- ······- ------- 536 320 173 44 14 39 10 •••••.••••••.• 50 64 ............. ······· .......... ------- .......... 340 167 39 14 14 

11 ••..••.•••••.. 64 52 ------- ......... ......... . ........... ........... 280 146 44 30 22 12 ••.•.••••.••.• 52 66 ----·-- ........ .......... ....... ----··· 272 143 66 30 39 13 .•••••••••..•• 129 70 ......... ......... ........ ······- ........... 280 121 56 48 13 14 .•••••••••.•.. 115 72 ......... --··--- ......... ......... ---···· 320 115 48 41 17 15 ••••.•••••.•.. 115 77 .......... ............ ·····-- . ........ ......... 513 115 48 39 48 

16 .••.••••..•... 100 72 ......... ........... .......... ........ ......... . .......... 110 48 30 17 17 .•••••••..••.. 88 79 ......... ------- ------- ........ 536 100 48 34 37 18 .•..••••..•.•. 77 52 .......... ------- ....... ........ 446 90 64 39 12 19 .•••.•.....•.. 68 41 ......... --···-- ........ 536 381 88 44 28 48 

20 •••••..••..... 70 72 ------- ........ ------- 490 300 86 8 30 39 

21. •••••..•.••.. 90 70 ........ .......... ···--·- 360 280 88 30 30 17 22 .•....••..•••. 129 77 ------· ......... .......... a300 250 86 34 39 52 23 .•.•..••.•..•. 115 86 ------· .......... .......... 242 238 68 46 58 22 24 .•.•••••.•.••. 110 58 ........ ------- ------· ........ 228 68 44 58 34 

25 ..••••.••••••• 110 72 .......... ····--- .. .......... ........ 228 86 46 50 41 

26 ••••••.••.••.• 100 46 .......... .......... ........... ---···· 210 90 44 28 52 27 ••.••.•••••.•• 90 24 --··--- .......... ........... ------- 203 88 44 44 58 28 ••.••• : ••••.•• 90 52 ------- ....... ·-····- 424 210 90 41 28 68 29 .•.•..••....•• 86 90 --·---- -----·- -----·- 402 210 81 41 14 48 30 ••....•....•.• 86 64 ........ ······· ---···- 381 199 70 86 2 52 

:!1 .............. 79 .......... ........... ------- ------- 340 .. .......... ......... ............ 27 9 

a Estimated because of ice. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN .AGE B.ASIN. 211 

Daily discharge, in second1eet,oj Iowa Rive:r near Iowa Falls, Iowa,jrom Aug. 5, 1911, 

to Sept. 80, 1914-Continued. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1913-14. 1. ............. 52 48 64 ............ ........ .......... 90 180 110 143 56 28 2 ............... 39 68 58 ............ ........... .......... 110 167 90 132 56 19 3 .............. 39 58 68 .......... ........... ............ 86 137 86 118 54 16 4 .............. 39 72 64 ......... .......... ......... 88 118 68 115 52 13 5 ______________ 58 60 58 ............ ............. ............. 81 112 115 108 48 17 

6 .............. 68 56 70 ........... ............. ............. 81 112 ·····-· 95 44 12 7 .............. 102 41 79 .......... ............. ............. 86 115 ............. 90 39 12 

8-----·----···- 102 46 66 .......... ............ .............. 77 105 .. ............ 90 37 13 

9 .............. 149 52 68 ............. ............. .............. 68 95 .. ........... 88 37 12 10 .............. 242 52 79 ........... .............. ............ 72 88 86 41 43 

11 .............. 105 90 50 ........... ............ ............. 68 86 .. ........... 77 44 54 12 .............. 95 68 72 ............ ............ ............ 64 86 .. .......... 81 39 50 13 .............. 79 72 58 ............ ............. .............. 66 77 .. .......... 68 37 60 14 .............. 81 77 79 ............ ........... ............. 64 72 .. ........... 68· 37 102 15 .............. 58 68 68 ........... ............ ............ 64 70 .. ............ 68 34 161 

16 .............. 64 68 70 ............. ............ ............. 64 68 .. ........... 77 32 158 

17 .............. 66 68 77 ........... ............ .......... 60 64 .. ............ 70 30 123 18 .............. 70 68 60 ........ ....... ....... 58 62 "'584' 68 28 88 19 .............. 66 72 46 ....... ······· ....... 68 56 68 27 72 20 .............. 58 79 68 ........ ......... ....... 68 52 402 68 27 68 

21 .............. 64 81 66 ........ ......... ......... 77 56 340 60 27 62 22 ......... , .... 66 72 77 ........ ......... ......... 72 50 300 54 27 146 

23 .............. 60 64 81 ....... ....... 66 52 3~ 48 30 152 

24 .............. 44 41 ....... ......... ........ 110 79 64 300 48 30 123 25 .............. 39 30 ........ ....... ........ 68 88 118 242 77 30 102 

26 .............. 66 34 ......... ......... ........ 72 90 272 213 112 28 86 27 .............. 56 44 ........ ......... ......... 68 112 320 186 77 28 75 28 .............. 48 64 ......... ......... ........ 149 155 320 170 66 28 64 29 .............. 52 68 ....... ....... ....... 115 176 242 158 50 28 54 30 .............. 50 79 .......... ....... .......... 115 180 155 152 48 28 46 31. ............. 48 ......... ........... ......... ........ 110 ....... 129 ······- 50 28 ·-·-··· 

' NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 14 and 402 second-feet (gage heights 0.5 and 1.8 feet). Above 402 second-feet (gage height 1.8 feet) the rating curve Is simply an exten· sion. Daily discharge, Sept. 2-30, 1914, when flow was a1fected by backwater from the dam at Iowa Fa.lls, 

computed from a rating curve based on the discharge measurement made on Sept. 25, 1914. 

Monthly discharge of Iowa Rive:r near Iowa Falls, Iowa,jrom Aug. 5, 1911, to Sept. 90, 

1914-. 

Month. 1 __ D_ischa.r_' -,g_e_in_seco_n_d,·_fee_t_. __ 1

AccuMaximum. Minimum. Mean. racy. 

1911. 

t::!te:~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1911~2. 

October .••.................... _ ............ _ ....... __ ......... . November ....•......................•......................... December ..................................................... . May ...••...................................................... June .......................................................... . July .......................................................... . 

t:b'e.::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1912-13. 

October .................. ---·--·---- .... -- .... ······· ... ···-·-· November .................................................... . June ..••........................•.............................. July .................•.............. ·, _________________________ _ 

August ........................................................ . September ................................................... --. 

1913-14. 

48 

46 

64 

90 

115 

584 

280 

149 

90 

68 I 

129 

95 

560 

90 

58 

68 

4 

4 

14 

14 

48 

90 

58 

41 

30 

27 

24 

24 

68 

8 

2 

12 

October........................................................ 242 39 November ................... ·.................................. 90 30 December ...... ___ ............................................. 81 .......... .. 

March ........................ --·-.-.--·----·------ .. ·-··------· ------- ..... · ......... .. 

~~·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ ~ July ................ ·- .............. -·.-- .... ·-----·-·-·-·----. 143 48 

t:b'er::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1~~ ~~ 

19.1 B. 20.1 B. 

40.8 A. 41.2 B. 83.1 c. 218 A. 129 A. 76.6 A. 53.1 A. 46.6 A. 

75.5 A. 66.9 A. 163 A. 49.8 A. 28.7 B. 30.4 B. 

71.8 A. 62.0 li.. 66.6 B. 83.2 c. 85.9 A. 119 A. 

79.6 A. 35.8 A. 67.7 B. 
212 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V, 

lOW A RIVER AT lOW A CITY, lOW A. 

Loca.tion.-At highway bridge about 500 feet below Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 

Railway main line bridge, and about three-fourths of a mile below Iowa State 

University's power plant; about three-fourths of a mile downstream from old 

gaging station, which was located at the county Wghway bridge. 

Records a.vail.a.ble.--June 11, 1903, to July 21, 1906; :october 30, 1913, to September 

30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-3,320 square miles .. 

Ga.ge.-Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read once daily to tenths 

during 1913, and twice daily, morning and evening, to tenths during 1914.. Limits 

of use: Half-tenths below and tenths above 1.5 feet. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from a boat about 1,000 feet below highway 

bridge. 

Winter flow.-Discharge relation affected by ice but usually to a slight extent. 

Regulation.-Probable slight daily fluctuations, due to dam and power house above. 

Discharge 'llUJa&urements of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, during the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- G::9re Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Dishe' t. charge. height. charge. 

-- Feet. Sec.tf6 Feet. Sec.-ft. 

Dec.20 Hutchins and Dunlap •. 1.26 Mar. 14 Hutchins and Thul ..... 1.23 510 

27 ..•.. do .................. 1.36 328 28 Hutchins and Winlr. •.. 1.55 611 

Jan. 6 Lake, Cheseboro, and 1.24 388 Apr. 1 Hutchins and Thul .... 2.17 1,020 

Dunlap. 10 Hutchins and Dunlap •. 1.55 651 6 Richards, Jaeger, and 1.24 386 May 11 Hutchins and Wood- 6.03 3,790 

Bryant. ward. 

NoTE.-The above measurements were made by students at the University of Iowa. 

Daily gage height, infeet, of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Byron Gibson, observer.) 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1-------------- 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.5 .......... 2.2 1.2 1.6 3.1 0.55 0.85 

2-------------- - ........... .5 1.1 .2 .5 .. ........ 2.0 1.25 1.6 2. 7 .65 .5 

3-------------- ............ . 7 .9 .1 .6 2.5_ 1.35 1.45 2.4 .85 .5 

4-------------- .............. .7 .9 .1 .6 1.3 2.3 1.5 1.4 2.2 .6 .45 

5-------------- ............ .5 1.2 .3 .4 1.1 2.0 1.45 2.4 2.0 .5 .5 

6-------------- ........... .7 1.6 .3 .. .......... 1.0 2.0 1.6 4.0 1.8 .8 6.9 

1-------------- ······- .6 1.0 .3 --····· .9 1.8 2.0 3.2 1.9 .55 2.5 

8-------------- ------- .6 .9 .5 -·----- .9 1.6 2.0 2.6 1.8 .6 1.5 

9---------·---· ------- .5 c .9 .4 ........ 1.05 1.6 1.7 4.2 1.8 .55 1.0 

10---------·---- ------- .7 .7 .3 ------- 1.1 1.6 L45 4.8 1.6 .65 .85 

11-------------- --·---- .7 .7 .2 --·---- 1.05 1.6 6. 7 5.5 1.45 .5 1.1 

12 .............. --·---- .7 .8 .3 ....... .95 1.45 5.2 5.3 1.4 .55 1.0 13 ______________ --····- .7 .9 ------- ........... 1.0 1.3 4.4 5.6 1.45 .6 1.0 

14-------------- ------- .9 .9 ............. 1.0 1.3 3.8 6.2 1.45 .6 2.1! 

15-------------- ............. .7 1.1 . 7 ------- 1.4 1.25 3.4 6.3. 1.3 .45 (a) 

16 ............•. --····- . 7 1.0 .6 ------- 1.3 1.15 2.4 6.5 1.3 .7 (b) 

17-------------- ............. . 7 .9 .6 ------- 1.4 1. 05 2.0 7.0 1.2 .55 7.2 

18-------------- ............ .7 .9 .6 .. ......... 1.25 1.05 1.8 7.3 1.2 .45 7.8 19 ______________ ........... .5 .9 .5 ------- 1. 25 1.1 1.6 7.2 1.25 .45 7.6 

20---------·---- ............ .5 .8 .5 ···---- 1.3 .9 1.35 6. 7 1.4 .65 7.8 

21. _____________ 

------· .6 .8 .5 .......... 1.2 .8 1.35 5.0 1.3 .45 8.0 

22-------------- ............ .6 .8 .4 . ......... _. 1.05 .95 1.5 4.4 1.0 .45 7.6 23 ...... ________ .............. .5 .7 .3 .. ............ .95 .9 1.35 4.0 .9 .35 7.0 

24-------------- ............. .3 .7 .4 .. ............ .95 .85 1.3 3.5 1.05 .35 6.2 

25-----·-------- ............ .3 .8 .4 .. ........... .85 .95 1.25 3. 7 .95 .4 6.0 

26-------------- ............. .1 .8 .4 .. ............ 1.05 . 75 1.2 3.3 .95 .45 5.1 

21-------------- ........... .5 .8 .6 .. ........... 1.15 .8 1.2 4.4 .85 .4 4.5 

28-------------· --·---- .6 .8 .5 ............. 4.1 .9 1.1 5.0 .8 .45 4.0 

29--------·----- ........... .6 .5 1.0 --·-··· 2.2 .95 .95 4. 7 .9 .35 3.5 

30-------------- 0 . .6 .8 ............. .7 --·-··· 2.0 1.15 1.15 3.8 .95 .35 3.2 31. _____________ .5 ............. .3 .7 .. .......... 1.85 ------- 1.6 -------- .,9 .35 ............. 

a Ol:iserver reports stage above 10 feet. b Stage dropped about 3 inches. 

NoTE.-Dlsoharge relation probably not materially affected by Ice during the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 213 

Daily discharge, in secondjeet, of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

----------------------

1. 00 ••••••• 00 00 ....... 270 575 199 270 .......... 998 492 668 1,590 284 372 2 ...•....•.•.•. ....... 270 455 199 270 ............. 880 512 668 1,320 312 270 3 ......•...•... ........ 326 387 181 297 """532" 1,180 554 598 1,~ 372 270 4 .............. ------- 326 387 181 297 1,060 620 575 297 257 5 ....•.....•.•. ........ 270 492 220 244 455 880 598 1,120 880 270 270 

6 ....•.•.•..... ......... 326 668 220 ........... 420 880 668 2,220 770 356 4,540 7 ....•.•....... ------- 297 420 220 .......... 387 770 880 1,660 824 284 1,180 8 .............. ------- 297 387 270 ............ 387 668 880 1,250 770 297 620 9 .............. ------- 270 387 244 ............. 438 668 718 2,370 770 284 420 10 ......•.....•. .......... 326 326 220 ........... 455 668 598. 2,820 668 312 372 

11 ..•........... ------- 326 326 199 ------- 438 668 4,360 3,370 598 270 455 12 .•.•........•. ------- 326 356 220 ------- 404 598 3,130 3,210 575 284 420 13 .•....•.•...•. ·-····· 326 387 a255 ......... 420 532 2,520 3,450 598 297 420 14 ....•.....•.•. ------- 387 387 a291 ........... 420 532 2,080 3,940 598 297 1,380 15 ..•.•.•.•.•... ............ 326 455 326 . ........... 575 512 1,800 4,020 532 257 b8,000 

16 .••.•.....•... ............ 326 420 297 . ........... 532 474 1,~ 4,200 532 326 b 7,500 17 •••.•.•.•.•••. ............. 326 387 297 . .......... 575 438 4,620 492 284 4,790 18 •.•......•.... .......... 326 387 297 . .......... 512 438 770 4,880 492 257 5,310 19 •••.••.•.••••• ............. 270 387 270 . ......... 512 455 668 4,790 512 257 5,130 20 ....••.••••••. ............ 270 356 270 ------- 532 387 554 4,360 575 312 5,310 

21. ••.•.•.•..•.. ........... 297 356 270 . ........... 492 356 554 2,970 532 257 5,490 22 •••••••••••••• ........... 297 356 244 .. ......... 438 404 620 2,520 420 257 5,130 23 •.•.•.•..••••• ........... 270 326 220 . .......... 404 387 554 2,220 387 232 4,620 24 .•..••.••••... ........... 220 326 244 .. .......... 404 372 532 1,870 438 232 3,940 25 .•.•.•.•.•.... ------- 220 356 244 ......... 372 404 512 2,010 404. 244 3, 770 

26 •••••••••••••• ............. 181 356 244 . ........ 438 341 492 1, 730 404 257 3,050 27 .•.....•.•••.. ............ 270 356 297 . ......... 474 356 492 2,520 372 244 2,600 28 ...•.•.•...•.. --·---- 297 356 270 ------- 2,300 387 455 2,970 356 257 2,220 29 .•.•.•.••.•.•. ------- 297 270 420 ······- 998 404 404 2, 740 387 232 1,870 30 ..•.•.•....... 297 356 245 326 ....... 880 474 474 2,080 404 232 1,660 31. •.•.•.•...... 270 ····-·· 220 326 ....... 797 ....... 668 ·-····· 387 232 ···-··· 

a Interpolated. b Estlmated. 

NoTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 420 and 4,620 secondfeet (gage heights 1.0 and 7.0 feet). 

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 3,320 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. M.inimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

November ••••.......................... 387 181 296 0.089 December ............................... 668 220 382 .115 

~:~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 420 181 257 .077 297 244 276 .083 

2,300 372 571 .172 

t:~~·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,180 341 586 .177 4,360 404 973 .293 June ••.................................. 4,880 575 2,610 0 786 

t=~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,590 356 636 .192 372 232 277 .083 

8,000 257 2,720 .819 

Run-o1f 

( depth in Accul3r~S: racy. 

area). 

0.10 c. .13 D. 

.09 D. .02 

.18 B. 

.20 B. .34 B. 

.88 B. 

.22 B. .10 c. .91 c. 
214 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

CEDAR RIVER NEAR AUSTIN, :MINN. 

Location.-In sec. 15, T. 102 N ., R. 18 W., jUst below the dam of the Red Cedar Mill, 

2 miles below Austin, Minn. · 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-May 29, 1909, to September 30, ·1914, when station was discon· 

tinued. 

Ga.ge.-Cha.in gage s.ince May 2, 1913; read to quarter-tenths three times daily when 

Red Cedar Mill is in operation and twice daily at other times. Limits of use: 

Hundredths below 3.0 half-tenths between 3.0 and 4.0, and tenths above 4.0 feet. 

Channel and control.-Sand, gravel, and clay; may shift during high water. 

Winter :tlow.-Somewhat .affected by ice; discharge estimated from discharge 

measurements. 

Regulation.-Immediately above the_ station is the.water-power plant known as Red 

Cedar Mill. During the low-water season the water falls below the crest of the 

dam by the end of the 10 or 12 hour run, and after the turbine is closed the water 

is held back for several hours before it rises sufficiently to flow over the crest; 

consequently the stage of the river changes considerably during each 24 hours. 

Accura.cy.-Owing to the slightly shifting channel the growth of grass during the 

summer, and fluctuations m stage caused by the operation of the power house, 

records are only fair. 

Discharge 1Ma8UTement8 of Cedar River near Austin, Minn., during the yerrr ending Sept. 

so, 1914. 

(Made by s. B. Soule.] 

Date. 

Oct.19 ••••.•..•..........•••• 

19 .•..•........•.•.•..••• 

J'a.n. 22 •••••.••• ·••··••••••·••• Apr.S ••....•.....•.•.•.....•• 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 2.44 

2.45 

2.68 

2.53 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 1129 

1128 

b84 

•67 

"Considerable quantity of grass b:i channel. b No ice present. 

Date. 

J'une 16 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Sept. t:::::·:::::::::::::::: 

~-6.18 

2.76 

2.77 

c Measurement made by wading. 

d Meaaurement made by WlldfDg; 00118iderable quantity of grass fn cba.nnel at ocmtzol. 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 

1,240 

<~n 

d77 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVEi DRAIN AGE BASIN. 215 

Daily gage hR:ight, in feet, of Cedar River near Au8tin, Minn.,jor the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914. -

[J. C. King and H. C. Buck, observers.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

----------------- -- 1 .............. 2.67 2.48 2.65 2.28 2.23 2.59 2.79 3.25 2.66 3.95 2.52 2.62 

2 •.•••...•..... 2.68 2.17 2.57 2.38 2.45 2.72 2.68 2.99 2.62 3.6 2.34 2.57 

3 ..•. , .......•• 2.64 2.54 2.53 2.52 2.39 2.66 2.54 2.96 2.74 3.35 2.50 2.54 

4 .••.•......•.. 2.64 2.45 2.48 2.36 2.42 2.48 2.51 2.90 2.73 3.1 2.51 2.57 

li ..•........... 2.69 2.46 2.50 2.37 2.46 2.56 2.45 2.81 2.75 .2.95 2.52 2.59 

6 .............. 2.77 2.16 2.39 2.51 2.37 2.66 2;53 2.70 2.92 2.95 2.50 2.47 

7 ....•.....•... 2.75 2.56 2.38 2.47 2.40 2.58 2.56 2.71 3.3 2.82 2.41 2.54 

8 ....•......•.. 2.67 2.22 2.51 2.44 2.01 2.43 2.59 2.66 5.0 2.77 2.33 2.54 

9 .•..•......... 2.64 2.38 2.53 2.44 2.42 2.59 2.56 2.69 4.0 2.72 2.29 2.54 

10 •••••.......•• 2.69 2.54 2.47 2.33 2.35 2.55 2.59 2.48 3.35 2.69 2.51 2.54 

11 •.•........•.. 2.69 2.47 2.53 2.30 2.33 2.54 2.54 2.65 4.6 2.60 2.41 2.55 12 .............. 2.59 2.21 2.52 2.48 2.37 2.52 2.50 2.62 6.3 2.51 2.37 2.49 

13 ....•......... 2.73 2.45 2.53 2.41 2.33 2.54 2.58 2.52 5.4 2.59 2.37 2.66 

14 .............. 2.69 2.44 2.39 2.34 2.33 2.93 2.51 2.47 5.8 2.56 2.38 2.73 

16 •••••.•.•••••• 2.64 2.50 2.55 2.39 2.06 3.15 2.56 2.54 6.4 2.55 2.37 2.71 

16 ••......••.•• 2.61 2.34 2.45 2.40 2.53 3.2 2.52 2.51 5.3 2.58 2.11 2.71 

17 •.•...•...•.•. 2.58 2.57 2.48 2.45 2.34 2.92 2.52 2.48 4.0 2.63 2.48 2.75 

18 •........•..•. 2.54 2.41 2.47 2.34 2.46 2.70 2.59 2.54 3.65 2.57 2.47 2.61 

19 ••..........•. 2.46 2.45 2.45 2.47 2.41 2.64 2.58 2.52 3.55 2.41 2.48 2.71 

20 •••.•......•.. 2.59 2.50 2.50 2.40 2.34 2.55 2.63 2.56 3.3 2.55 2.47 2.60 

21. •..•......•.• 2.54 2.53 2.31 

'~I 2.29 2.49 2.68 2.59 3.1 2.51 2.44 2.73 

22 ..•..•..•••••• 2.54 2.49 2.45 2.40 2.12 2.38 2.62 2.60 3.15 2.48 2.63 2.76 

23 •••.•...•••••• 2.62 2.32 2.43 2.39 2.45 2.41 2.59 2.59 3.2 2.48 2.98 2.71 

24 •••........••. 2.66 2.56 2.40 2.32 2.39 2.50 2.66 2.95 3.3 2.48 2.86 2.69 

25 •••••••..•.••• 2.62 2.55 2.28 2.01 2.35 2.41 2.59 3.2 3.35 2.43 2.76 2.65 

26 •••••••••••••• 2.63 2.48 2.47 2.39 2.45 2.49 2.51 3.1 3.2 2.37 2.66 2.63 

27 .••••.•.•.••.• 2.56 2.40 2.45 2.38 2.41 2.44 3.05 2.93 4.5 2.47 2.62 2.49 

28 •••••••••••••• 2.42 2.55 2.23 2.39 2.41 2.48 4.5 2.86 6.2 2.40 2.56 2.61 

29 •••••••••••••• 2.52 2.53 2.43 2.36 ....... 2.51 5.6 2.71 5.4 2.38 2.58 2.61 

30 •••••.•••••••• 2.32 2.39 2.44 2.48 ......... 2.64 3.8 2.65 4.4 2.51 2.52 2.66 

31 •••••.••••••.• 2.46 ····--- 2.47 2.42 ............. 2.82 ............ 2.60 ........ 2.55 2.59 ........... 

NOTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Feb. 1 to Mar. 3,1914. 
216 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, l-914, PART V. 

Daily diariw.rge, in aecondfeet, of Cedar River near AU8tin, .Minn., for the year ending Sept. 

90, 1914-. 

Day. -Qct. Nov. Dec. J'an. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------ ------ 1. ............. 54 42 88 23 ............. ............ 122 241 90 443 32 48 

2 .............. 66 7 70 37 ............. .............. 95 173 81 338 13 40 

3 .............. 51 51 62 60 ............ .64 166 110 268 30 36 

4 .............. 51 37 53 34 ............. 53 58 150 108 202 31 40 

5 .............. 60 38 56 36 ............. 68 48 128 112 163 32 43 

6 .............. 78 6 38 58 ............. 90 62 100 155 163 30 25 

7 .............. 74 54 37 51 ............ 72 68 102 254 130 19 36 

8 .............. 58 11' 58 46 .. ........... 45 74 90 800 118 12 36 

9 .............. 54 26 62 46 ............ 74 68 98 458 105 8 36 

10 .•....•.....•. 64 51 51 30 .............. 66 74 53 268 98 31 36 

11 .............. 64 46 62 25 ............. 64 64 88 652 76 19 37 

12 .............. 48 13 60 53 ............. 60 56 81 1,290 58 15 28 

13 .............. 74 43 62 42 ............. 64 72 60 952 74 15 54 

14 .............. 66 42 38 31 .............. 158 58 51 1,100 68 16 68 

15 .............. 58 51 66 38 ............ 215 68 64 1,330 66 15 64 

16 .............. 53 26 48 40 ............ 228 60 58 914 53 4 64 

17 .............. 48 64 53 48 ........... 155 60 53 458 62 26 ·72 

18 ..•....•.••..• 43 37 51 31 ........... 100 74 64 353 51 25 46 

19 .............. 31 43 48 51 ............. 86 72 60 324 26 26 64 

20 .............. 51 51 56 40 ........... 66 83 68 254 48 25 45 

21. ............. 43 62 26 38 ............ 54 95 74 202 42 22 68 

22 .............. 46 54 48 40 ............. 37 81 76 215 37 50 74 23 .............. 60 28 45 38 .............. 42 74 74 228 37 128 64 

24 .............. 68 68 40 28 ............. 66 90 163 254 37 98 60 25 .............. 60 66 23 5 ............. 42 74 228 268 30 74 53 

26 .............. 62 53 51 38 .............. 54 58 202 228 22 54 50 

27 .............. 50 40 48 37 ............ 46 189 158 618 36 48 28 

28 .............. 28 66 18 38 ------- 53 618 140 l,~sg 25 38 46 

29 .............. 43 62 45 34 ............. 58 1,030 102 23 42 46 

30 .............. 17 38 46 53 ............ 86 398 88 586 42 32 54 

31. ............. 34 ............. 51 43 -----·- 130 .. ........... 76 48 43 ............ 

NoTE.-Daily discharge determined as follows: Between 6.7 and 1,370 second-feet (gage heights, 2.1 

and 6.5 feet) from a well:.cl.eflned rating curve; Oct. 1 to Nov. 20, 1913, and July 16 to S8}Jt. 30, 1914~on 

account of backwater caused by grass In the cnannel, by the Indirect method for shHting Ohannels. vlscharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and olimatlo reCords, as follows: 

Feb. 1-28, 25 second-feet; and Mar. 1-3, 50 second-feet • 

.Monthly diariw.r~e of Cedar River near Austin; .Minn. ,for the year ending Sept. 90, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 425 square mlles.) 

Disch~ge In second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

mile. 

October................................. 78 17 53.1 0.125 

November.............................. 68 6 42.5 .100 

December............................... 88 18 50.3 .118 

~-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ........ Zi~· ::::::::::~: 39.1 .092 

25 .059 

79.7 .188 

~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,~ ~ 

~~;.-.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,~ ~ August.................................. 128 4 

September.............................. 74 25 

137 .322 107 .252 

496 1.17 

96.4 .227 

34.0 .080 

48.7 .115 

Theyear .............. : .......... . 1,330 ... , ........ 100 .235 

Run-off 

~thin 

~ Accuracy. 

111'88). 

0.14 c. • 11 c . • 14 c . • 11 c . • 06 D • • 22 c . 

.36 B. • 29 B . 

1.30 B. • 26 c . • 09 D • • 13 c . 

3.21 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 217 

CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA. 

Location.-In the central part of Cedar Rapids, below the dam, and between the 

electric railroad bridge and the Seventh A venue combination railroad and footbridge. 

Records a.va.ilable.-October 26, 1902, to September 30, 1914. 

Dra.ina.ge a.rea..-6,320 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Inclined staff gage, reading from 0 to 15 feet, fastened to posts driven in the 

right bank of the river in the rear of the Iowa Windmill & Pump Co.'s plant; read 

daily, in the morning, to tenths. 

Channel and control.-Bed of river consists of rock and gravel; clean of vegetation 

and nearfy permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from the upstream side of the First Avenue 

Bridge. 

Winter :flow.-The gage is located where the current is swift, and ice seldom forms 

across the river for the entire width; the discharge relation, therefore, is affected 

only slightly by ice. -

Regula.tion.-A dam and power plant above the station may modify the flow to 

some extent during low stages of the river. 

Accura.cy.-Records good. Estirilates, except when ice is present, based on a welldefined curve. 

Coopera.tion.-Gage heights furnished by the United States Weather Bureau. 

Discharge measurements of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, during the year ending 

' Sept. 80, 1914. 

Date. Made by- ~e Dish. t. charge. 

Feet. Sec.ft. 

Dec. 5 Soule and Bickel ........................................................ . 3.05 983 

May 13 J. B. Stewart ...............................................•............. 3.44 1,700 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cedar River at Cedar RapidJJ, Iowa,jor the year ending Sept. 

80,1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. .. ··········. 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.7 3.1 2.8 4.0 3.1 4.0 4.2 3.1 2.9 

2 .............. 2.8 3.0 3.2 2.8 3.0 2.7 3.9 3.3 3.8 4.3 3.2 2.8 

3 ..•........... 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.7 3.1 2.8 3.7 3.4 3.9 4.5 3.1 2.9 

t::·::::::::::: 2.8 3.0 3.2 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.2 3.1 2.8 

2.9 2.9 3.1 2.7 3.1 2.9 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.2 3.0 2.9 

6 ••............ 2.8 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.1 2.9 

7 .............. 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.4 3. 7 4.5 4.0 2.9 2.9 

8 .............. 2.8 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.6 4.9 3.8 3.0 2.8 

9 .............. 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.3 5.8 3.8 2.9 2.9 

10 .............. 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.4 5.8 3.6 3.0 2.8 

11 .............. . 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.3 3.4 5.3 3.6 2.8 2.9 

12 .............. 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.5 4.9 3.5 2.8 2.8 

13 .............. 3.2 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.5 3.1 3.4 4.9 3.6 2.8 2.9 

14 .............. 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.5 3.1 3.5 4.8 3.4 2.9 2.9 15 •.•.•.•.•..... 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.6 3.1 3.3 4.8 3.5 2.8 5.8 

16 .............. 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.4 4. 7 3.3 2.9 4.0 

17 .............. 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.5 3.1 3.3 ·5.7 3.5 2.8 3.6 

18 .............. 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.4 7.0 3.3 2.9 3.5 

19 .............. 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.2 7.7 3.4 2.8 3.8 

20 •••••••••••••• 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.3 6. 7 3.3 3.0 3.8 

21 .............. 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 5.7 3.3 2.9 3.6 

22 .............. 2.9 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.2 5.2 3.1 2.9 4.2 23 .............. 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.0 4.9 3.2 2.8 3.8 

24 .............. 2.9 2.9 2.7 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.1 4.7 3.1 2.9 3.7 

25 .............. 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.0 4.6 3.2 2.8 3.5 

26 .............. 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.3 4.4 3.1 2.8 3. 7 

27 .............. 3.0 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.7 3.5 3.1 3.9 4.4 3.2 2.7 3.5 

28 .............. 2.9 3.0 2.7 3.4 2.6 3~6 3.3 4.2 4.1 3.1 2.9 3.5 29 .............. 3.0 2.9 2.6 3.1 --·-··· 3. 7 3.2 4.4 4.1 3.3 2.8 3.4 

30 .............. 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.1 .......... 3.9 3.2 4.4 3.9 3.1 2.9 3.4 

31. ............. 3.1 ···---- 2.7 3.0 ......... 4.2 ............ 4.0 .. ........... 3.2 2. 7 ............. 

NOTE.-Discharge relation probably not materially affected by ice during the year ending Sept. 30,1914. 
218 ' SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily di$_chaTge, in second-feet, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for the year ending 

Si!pt. so, 1914-. · 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

--------------------1--

1. ............. 810 950 1,100 580 1,100 690 3,170 1,100 3,170 3,790 1,100 810 2 ............•• 690 950 1,260 690 950 580 2,870 1,440 2,590 4,110 1,260 690 

3 .............• 810 810 1,100 580 1,100 690 2,320 1,630 2,870 4,760 1,100 810 4 ............•. 690 950 1,260 690 950 690 2,320 3,170 2,320 3,790 1,100 690 

5 ..........•..• 810 810 1,100 580 1,100 810 1,840 2,870 3,790 3,790 950 810 

6 ............•• 690 950 1,260 810 950 810 2,070 2,870 2,870 3,170 1,100 810 7 .............. 810 810 1,100 690 1,100 950 1,630 2,320 4, 760 3,170 810 810 

8 .............. 690 950 1,100 810 950 950 1,840 2,070 6,120 2,590 950 690 

9 .............. 810 690 950 690 950 1,440 1, 6.'l0 1,440 9,340 2,590 810 810 

10 .............. 810 810 1,260 810 810 1,260 1,630 1,630 9,340 2,070 950 690 

11 ....•.•....... 1,440 690 950 690 810 1,630 1.440 1,630 7,530 2,070 690 810 12 .............. 1,100 810 1,100 810 690 1,440 1,260 1,840 6,120 1.840 690 690 

13 ....•......•.• 1,260 690 950 690 810 1,840 1,100 1,630 6,120 2,070· 690 810 14 ...•...••.•... 1,100 950 1,100 810 580 1.840 1,100 1,840 5, 770 1,630 810 810 

15 ...•....•....• 1,100 810 950 580 690 2,070 1,100 1,440 5,770 1,840 690 9,340 

16 .•...•........ 810 810 1,100 690 580 1,630 1,260 1,630 5,430 1,440 810 3,170 

17 •............. 1,100 690 950 580 690 1,840 1,100 1,440 8,970 1,840 690 2,070 

18 .............. 810 810 1,100 580 690 1,440 1,260 1,630 13,900 1,440 810 1,840 

19 .............. 950 690 810 490 810 1,840 950 1,260 16,600 1,630 690 2,590 

20 ....•.......•• 810 810 950 580 810 1,440 1;100 1,440 12,700 1,440 950 2,590 

21. ............. 950 690 580 690 950 1,630 1,100 1.100 8,970 1,440 810 2,070 22 .............. 810 810 580 950 810 1,260 1,260 1,260 7,170 1,100 810 3,790 23 .....•..•..•.• 950 690 490 810 810 1,440 950 950 6,120 1,260 690 2,590 

24 ••.••••••••••• 810 810 580 1,100 690 1,100 1,260 1,100 5,430 1,100 810 2,320 

25 .............. 950 690 490 810 690 1,260 1,100 950 5,090 1,260 690 1,840 

26 •••.•••••••••• 810 810 690 1,100 580 1,630 1,260 1,440 4,430 1,100 690 2,320 

27 .............. 950 690 580 950 580 1,840 1,100 2,870 4,430 1,260 580 1,840 

28 .............. 810 950 580 1,630 490 ~,070 1,440 3,790 3,480 1,100 810 1,840 

29 .............. 950 810 490 1,100 ------- ,320 1,260 4,430 3,480 1,440 690 1,630 

30 .............. 950 

.~:~~-\ 690 1,100 ........ 2,870 1,260 4,430 2,870 1,100 810 1,630 

31. ............. 1,100 580 950 ------- 3,790 ---·--- 3,170 ----·-· 1,260 580 ......... 

NOTE.-Daily discharge computed from a rating curve'well defined between 600 and 36,000 seoond-feet. 

Open-channel rating curve applied throughout entire year. 

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa,jor the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 6,320 square mfies.] 

Discharge In second-feet. 

Month. Per 

Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square 

Iiille. 

October ................................. 1,440 690 908 0.144 

November •••..................•........ 1,100 690 816 .129 

December ............................... 1,260 490 896 .142 

~?.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,630 490 794 .126 

1,100 4110 811 • 128 

3,790 580 1,520 • 241 

~~::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3,170 950 1,500 .237 

4,430 950 1,990 • 315 June .................................... 16,600 2,320 6,250 .989 

July .................................... 4,760 1,100 2,080 .329 

August ................................. 1,260 580 826 • 131 

September .............................. 9,340 690 1,810 .286 

The year .......................... 16,600 490 1,680 .266 

Run-oft 

~thin 

~ Accuracy. 

area). 

0.17 A. • 14 B . • 16 B . • 15 B . 

.13 B . 

.28 A • .26 A. 

.36 A . 

1.10 A. 

.38 A. 

.15 A • • 32 A • 

3.60 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 219 

SKUNK RIVER AT COPP<;?CK, lOW A. 

Location.-Athighway bridge about one-eighth mile above railroad station and about 

one-fourth mile above junction with Crooked Creek. 

Records available.-October 21, 1913, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-Not measured. 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read daily, in the morning, to half-tenths. Limits of use: Half-tenths below and tenths above 3.5 feet. 

During October, November, and December, 1913, the gage was read once daily 

to hundredths. For this period gage heights below 3 feet are recorded to hundredths. 

Channel and control.-Gravel and sand; channel liable to shift. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from highway bridge. 

Winter :fl.ow.-On account of ice gage heights not a correct index of the flow during 

winter months. 

Accuracy.-Conditions of flow fairly good. Current not normal to bridge at medium 

or high stages. Two railroad bridges about 500 feet below gage may catch drift 

at high stages. 

Cooperation.-Station established by and maintained in cooperation with the 

Mississippi River Power Co. for flood-prediction purposes. 

Di8charge measurements of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, during the year ffTIIiing Sept. 

80, 1914. 

[Made by D. V. Egbert.] 

Date. 

Oct. 8 .............................................................................. . Oct. 21. •••••••••••••••••••••..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.•••••••. Sept.19 •......•..•........................................................•.......•. 

NOTE.-Measurements made by engineers of the Mlsslssippi River Power Co 

G~e he t. 

Feet. 2.27 

2. 73 10.86 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 57 

142 5, 740 
220 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, fur the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[J. W. Ricks, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. 

------------ 1. ............. ------- 2.50 2.45 ---·--· ····--- ···-··· 4.1 2.95 2 .............. ·------ 2.50 2.50 ----·-- ·------ --·---- 3.9 3.0 3 .............. ------- 2.48 2.43 ------- ------- ------- 3.8 3.25 4 .............. ------- 2.47 2.53 ······· ----·-- ------- 4.0 3.3 5 ...•.•........ ······· 2.47 2.56 ....... ·····-- ------- 3.8 4.2 

6 ........•..... ------- 2.45 2.63 ------- ------· -·-·-·· 3.8 3.5 7 .............. ------- 2.45 2.62 ------- ------· ------- 3.7 3.3 8 .....•....•... ....... 2 44 2.60 ------- ------· ·------ 3.6 3.45 9 ......•....... ------- 2.42 2.62 ------- ----·-· ------- 3.6 3.4 10 •............. ------- 2.42 2.65 ------- ----··· ------- 3.5 3.45 

11 .......•...... --·---- 2.40 2.62 ······· ····--- ------- 3.45 4.0 12 ......•....... --·---- 2.40 2.60 ···-·-- ------- ------- 3.4 4.4 13 ....•......... ······· 2.39 2.58 ----·-· ------- ---···· 3.35 4.6 14 .............. ------- 2.37 2.59 ....... ------- ------- 3.25 5.9 15 ...•.......... ···---- 2.40 2.62 ------- ------- ----·-- 3.3 5.8 

16 .............. --····· 2.33 2.63 ·------ ------- ------- 3.25 5.0 17 .............. --····· 2.38 2.63 ------- ------- ------- 3.15 4.4 18 .............. .. .... 2.42 2.64 .. ---- ------- ------- 3.15 4.0 19 .............. ------- 2.37 2.65 ....... ....... ······· 3.1 3.8 20 •........•.... ......... 2.40 2.65 . ...... ....... ....... 2.95 3.6 

21. ............. 2. 72 2.40 2. 73 ....... ....... ------- 2.9 3.6 22 .............. 2.63 2.40 2.85 ······· ........ ------- 3.0 3.45 23 .......•.•.... 2.62 2.38 2.63 ....... ........ ······· 3.2 3.3 24 .......•...... 2.62 2.38 2.60 ······· ······· ······· 3.15 3.25 25 ...•......•... 2.80 2.38 2.61 . ........ ....... ....... 3.1 3.2 

26 .••.••••••••.• 2.76 2.38 2.63 ........ ....... 3.1 3.05 3.2 27 ...•••••••.... 2.68 2.39 2.53 ....... ....... ......... 3.05 3.1 28 .•..••••.•.... 2.63 2.42 2.48 ······· ........ ........ 3.15 3.05 29 .•••....•.•... 2.63 2.41 2.46 .......... ........ ........ 3.05 3.4 30 .............. 2.56 2.42 2.62 ........ ....... ......... 2.95 3.25 31. ............. 2.56 ······· 2.58 ·······r······· ........ ........ 3.1 

NOTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, 1914. 

June. July. 

__..__ -- 3.1 4.0 3.0 3.6 3.0 3.45 3.0 3.35 3.05 3.25 

3.2 3.1 3.0 3.05 2.85 3.6 2.8 5.5 4.2 4.0 

4.1 3.35 4.2 3.2 4.8 3.05 4.2 2.95 5.0 2.85 

4.8 2.80 4.4 2. 70 4.2 2.65 4.2 2.65 4.0 2.65 

3.8 2.60 3.6 2.60 5.0 2.65 4.8 2.60 3.8 2.55 

3. 7 2.50 5.2 2.65 5.9 3.1 5.9 2.65 4.9 2.50 ......... 2.45 

Aug. 

--

2.50 

2.50 

2.45 

2.40 

2.35 

2.35 

2.30 

2.25 

2.25 

2.25 

2.25 

2.20 

2.20 

2.15 

2.10 

2.15 

2.20 

2.10 

2.25 

2.85 

2.50 

2.30 

2.20 

2.15 

2.10 

2.10 

2.10 

2.15 

2.20 

2.35 

2.30 

Sept. 

--

2.35 

2. 

2. 7 

85 

5 

40 

65 2. 

2. 

2. 

2. 

80 

60 3.1 5 3.5 

3.5 

4.4 

4.4 

4.5 

4.1 

4.2 

7.9 

9.3 

10.4 

10.8 

11.2 

11.3 

11.4 

10.3 

9.0 

9.0 

8.4 

7.4 

6.6 

6.0 

5.6 . ....... 

Daily discharge, in second-feet,· of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, fur the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug., Sept. 

---------- ---- 1. ............. ······· 95 86 ....... ······- ........ 560 190 226 520 95 70 2 .............. ······· 95 95 ........ ······· ....... 480 202 202 370 95 168 3 ............. , ······· 92 83 ·-·-··· ······· ........ 440 265 202 325 86 146 4 .............. ······· 90 101 ....... ······· ....... 520 280 202 295 78 78 5 .............. ....... 90 106 . ........ ........ . ....... 440 600 214 265 70 124 

6 .............. ........ 86 120 . ...... ······· . ....... 440 340 250 226 70 157 7 .............. ....... 86 118 . ....... ······· ······· 405 280 202 214 62 114 8 .............. ........ 85 114 . ...... ....... ........ 370 325 168 370 54 238 9 .............. ······· 81 118 ........ ......... . ...... 370 310 157 1,300 54 340 10 ....•.•.•••••• ......... 81 124 . ....... ......... ······· 340 325 600 520 54 340 

11 .............. ........ 78 118 . ........ .......... ······· 325 520 560 295 54 600 12 ........•..... ........ 78 114 . ....... ......... ------- 310 690 600 250 47 600 13 .............. ....... 76 110 ........ . ....... ....... 295 785 885 214 47 735 14 .........•.... ........ 73 112 ....... ······· ....... 265 1,560 600 190 40 560 15 .............. ........ 78 118 . ....... ......... . ...... 280 1,490 995 168 33 600 

16 ........•..... ......... 67 120 ....... . ...... ······· 265 995 885 157 40 3,040 17 .......•..•... ....... 75 120 . ....... ....... ....... 238 690 690 135 47 4,300 18 ....•.•.•••... ······· 81 122 ....... ........ . ....... 238 520 600 124 33 5,400 19 ......•....... ....... 73 124 . ...... ....... ....... 226 440 600 124 54 5,800 20 .............. ······· 78 124 ........ .. -·-. ....... 190 370 520 124 168 6,220 

21. ............. 139 78 142 ........ ........ ······· 179 370 440 114 95 6,320 22 .............. 120 78 168 ........ ........ ······· 202 325 370 114 62 6,430 23 118 75 120 ....... ....... ....... 250 280 995 124 47 5,300 24.::::::::::::: 118 75 114 ....... ------- ........ 238 265 885 114 40 4,020 25 .............. 157 75 116 ....... ....... ........ 226 250 440 104 33 4,020 

26 ..•.•.•••.•••. 148 75 120 ······· ........ ....... 214 250 405 95 33 3,460 27 .............. 131 76 101 ........ ....... ....... 214 226 1,120 124 33 2,640 28 .•..•••••••••• 120 81 92 ....... ........ ........ 238 214 1,560 226 40 2,040 29 .••••••.•••••. 120 80 88 ....... ....... ....... 214 310 1,560 124 47 1,620 30 ........•••••. 106 81 118 ........ ......... ........ 190 265 940 95 70 1,360 31. ...•.•••••••• 106 .......... 110 .. ...... ........ ....... .. ....... 226 ....... 86 62 ······· N OTE.-Daily discharge computed fro)ll a fairly well defined rating curve dr&wn by engineers of the Mississippi River Power Co. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 221 

Monthly discharge of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 80,1914. 

Month. 

October 21-31. ................................................ . November •.................................................... December .............. _ .................. _ ................... . 

~~~·::~·.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: June .......................................................... . July ..•........................................................ August .... _ .... · .. _. __ ._ .. _._ ..... __ ._ .. ____ .. ___ .. ' __ ._ .. ____ .. September ......... ____ .... _. _ ... _ .. _ .. _ . __ ... ___ .. _. __ . __ . _. __ 

Discharge in second-feet. 

1----~---..,..-----l Accuracy. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

157 

95 

16.8 

560 

1,560 

1,560 

1,300 

168 

6,430 

106 126 B. 67 80.4 B. 83 114 c. 179 305 A. 190 457 B. 157 602 B. 86 242 A. 33 59.5 B. 70 2,230 A. 

DES MOINES RIVER AT KALO, lOW A. 

Location.-At highway bridge at Kalo, about 1~ miles east of Otho, a station on the 

Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad; about 1~ miles above the mouth of Holiday 

Creek, which enters from the left. 

Records available.-October 18, 1913, to September 30, 1914, when the station was 

discontinued. 

Drainage area.-Not measured. 

Gage.-Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read daily, in the afternoon, to quarter-tenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 0.0, half-tenths between 

0.0 and 2.0, and tenths above 2.0 feet. 

Channel and controL-No well-defined control; channel consists of gravel and is 

fairly permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from bridge during high stages, and by wading 

during low stages. 

Point of zero :flow.-The point of zero flow is estimated to be at gage height -1.0±0.2 

foot. 

Winter :flow.-Observations discontinued during winter months. 

Discharge measurements of Des Moims River at Kala, Iowa, during the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914-. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. height. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 

Oct. 16 S. B. Soule ••.......... _ 1.01 327 Sept. 26 S. B. SouJe ••••......... 1.59 600 

May 15 J. B. Stewart. ..... __ .. 1.02 290 26 ....• do ..•.•............ 1.46 482 

June 21 ....• do ................. 6.88 5,980 
222 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des .Moines River at Kalo, Iowa,jor the year ending Sept. 80, 

1914. 

[8. c. Fuller, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1 .............. ------- ------- 0.9 ------- ------- ....... 1.2 1.9 3.3 5.8 1.85 1.0 2 .............. ------- ------- .1 ------- ....... ------- 1.15 1.9 2.6 5. 7 1. 75 .95 3 .............. ------· ------- .15 ------- ------- ....... 1.1 1.9 2.5 4.9 1.6 1.0 4 .............. ------- .. o:15· .1 ------- ....... ------- 1.05 1. 75 2.0 4.9 1.7 .95 5 .............. ........ .1 ------- ........ --·-··· 1.1 1. 75 2.6 4.9 1.55' .95 

6 .............. ------- .7 .9 ······- ....... ------- 1.05 1.6 3.0 4.9 1.45 1.0 7.: ............ ------- .9 .95 ----·-- ....... ........ 1.05 1.45 3.4 5.0 1.5 .95 8 .............. ....... 1.0 1.0 ------- ....... ------· 1.0 1.3 3.7 4.8 1.4 1.0 9 .............. ------- .8 .9 ------- ....... ....... 1.0 1.25 4.3 4. 7. 1.4 1.0 10 .............. ....... .8 .85 . ....... ....... ------- .95 1.25 4. 7 4.6 1.7 1.3 

11 .............. ....... .75 .8 ------- ....... ------- .9 1.2 5.3 4.4 1. 25 1.4 12 .•••...•.•..•. ........ .75 .7 ------- ------- ------- .9 1.2 5.8 4.2 1.3 1.6 13 ..•.•....•..•. -······ .75 0 75 ------- ....... ------- .9 1.15 6.0 4.0 1.15 1. 65 14 .............. -······ .8 .7 ....... ....... ....... .85 1.1 6.3 3.8 1.1 1. 75 15 •.•.•...••..•. ------- .85 .65 --····· ....... ·------ .85 1.0 6.6 3.6 1.15 1.7 

16 .............. ------- .75 .7 ------- ------- ------- .85 1.0 7.1 3.6 1.15 1.7 17 .............. .6 .8 ------- --····- ........ .9 1.0 7.0 3.4 1.55 1.85 18 .............. 0.95 .7 .8 ------- ------- ------- .95 1.0 6.8 3.0 1.35 1.9 19 •.•.•..•••..•. .9 .75 .9 ------- --····- ------- 1.0 1. 05 7.0 3.0 1.15 1.7 20 .............. .85 .7 1.0 ------· ······- ···-··· 1.1 1.05 7.3 2.8 1.05 1.65 

~1. ............. .85 0 7 1.4 ------- ------- ------- 1.15 1.0 7.0 2.6· 1.0 1.65 22 .............. ------- .8 1. 7 ------- ------- 0.7 1.15 1.0 6.6 2.6 1.0 1.65 23 .............. ···-··· .7 ------- ------- ------· .7 1.2 1.05 6.2 2.4 .95 1.55 24 .............. ------- .7 ....... ······- ------- 0 7 1.2 1.65 6.6 3.1 .9 1.45 25 .....•.•..•... --····· .85 ------- ---·-·· ------- .9 1.2 2.2 6.8 2.5 .85 1.4 

26 .............. -····-· .85 ------- ----··· ··-···· .95 1.2 3. 7 6.6 2.3 .85 1.4 27 .............. ....... .9 ------- ------- ··-···· .9 1.6 4.4 6.4 2.2 1.0 1.55 28 .............. ....... .9 ------- ------- ------- 1.0 1.7 4.5 6.1 1. 95 .95 1.85 29 .............. ------- 1.0 ------- ------- ------- 1.1 1.7 4.8 6.0 2.0 1.0 1. 45 30 .............. --···-- .9 ....... ........ ------- 1.15 1.8 4.5 5.0 2.0 .95 1.4 31. ............. ------- ·-····· ------- ······- ······- 1.2 4.0 2.0 1.0 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Dec. 19, 1913, to Mar. 21, 1914. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des .Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun~. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ............. ....... . ......... 269 ------- . ....... ....... 380 734 1, 750 4,580 706 303 2 .............. ······- . ....... 110 ------- ······- ....... 360 734 1,190 4,450 652 286 3 .............. .......... .......... 116 -.-.... ------- ......... 340 734 1,120 3,460 571 303 4 ....... : ...... 110 -······ ........ ........ 322 652 790 3,460 625 286 5 .............. ......... 226 110 . ........ ........ ........... 340 652 1,190 3,460 545 286 

6 .............. ........... 213 269 ------- ......... . .......... 322 571 1,500 3,460 494 303 7 .............. ......... 269 286 ······- ........ ........ 322 494 1,840 3.580 519 286 8 .............. ......... 303 303 ------- ---···· ........ 303 423 2.130 3,340 469 303 9 .............. ......... 239 269 ------- ......... ------- 303 402 2; 77o 3,220 469 303 

10 .............. .......... 239 254 . ....... . ....... ........ 286 402 3,220 3,100 625 423 

11 .............. ......... 226 239 . ........ ------- ....... 269 380 3,940 2,880 402 469 12 .............. ......... 226 213 ------· ------- ........ 269 380 4,580 2,660 423 571 13 .............. ........ 226 226 . ........ ........ ........ 269 360 4,840 2,440 360 598 14 .............. ........ 239 213 . ........ .......... ......... 254 340 5,230 2,230 340 652 15 .............. ........ 254 202 ----·-· ------- . ....... 254 303 5,620 2,030 360 625 

16 .............. ........ 226 213 . ....... ......... . .... -... - 254 303 6,270 2,030 360 625 17 .............. 190 239 . ........ -....... 269 303 ?,140 1,840 545 706 18 .............. 286 213 239 ........ ---···· ------- 286 303 5,880 1,500 446 734 19 .............. 269 226 ------- ......... .......... ......... 303 322 6,140 1,500 360 625 20 .............. 254 213 ------- ------- .......... ......... 340 322 6,530 1,340 322 598 

21. ............. 254 213 ......... .......... ........ ......... 360 303 6,140 1,190 303 593 22 .............. ....... 239 ------- ------- -··-··· 213 360 303 5, 620 1,190 303 598 23 .............. .......... 213 ......... . ........ ........ 213 380 322 5,100 1,050 286 545 24 .............. ............ 213 ........ ........ . ...... 213 380 598 5,620 1,580 269 494 25 .............. ........... 254 ----·-· ······· ------- 269 380 913 5,880 1,120 254 469 

26 .............. ......... 254 ......... . ....... ....... 286 380 2,130 5,620 979 254 469 27 .............. ......... 269 .......... .......... . ....... 269 571 2,880 5,360 913 303 545 28 .............. ........... 269 ----·-- ------- ........ 303 625 2,990 4,970 762 286 706 29 .............. ........... 303 . ........ ······· --·-··· 340 625 3,340 4,840 790 303 494 30 .............. ......... 269 . ....... ........ ........ 360 679 2,990 3.580 790 286 469 31. ............. ........... ------- ........ ······- ----··· 380 ........ 2,440 ----·-- 790 303 ......... 

NoTE.-Dally discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 269 and 625 secondfeet (gage heights, 0.9 and 1.7 feet). Above 1.7 feet the rating curve Is based on one discharge measurement made at gage height 6.88 feet. / 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 223 

Monthly discharge of Des Moines R~'\ver at Kalo, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Discharge in second-feet. 

Month. -------.-------.------IAcooracy. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 

October ......................................................................................... . November 6-30......... ........................................ 303 190 239 C. 

December 1-18. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 303 110 216 D. January ........................................................................................•. 

~~~%~i:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: --------:i8o· ········2i:i- ----··285-

~:::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:ll& ~~ Jll i~i.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4,r'~ ~~; 2,!~ September..................................................... 734 286 489 

DES MOINES RJ;VER AT KEOSAUQUA, IOWA. 

c. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

c. 

B •. 

B. 

Location.--At county bridge one-fourth mile above old dam site and Government 

locks. 

Records available.--May 30, 1908, to July 21, 1906; April 5 to December 31, 1910 

(United States Engineer Corps); August 3, 1911, to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.--14,300 square miles. 

Gage.--Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge. (Gage originally attached 

to downstream side of bridge changed because of repairs to bridge at unknown 

date.) Gage read once daily to half-tenths. Limits of use: Half-tenths below 2.0 

feet and tenths above 2.0 feet. 

Channel and controL--A riffle, consisting of gravel, about one-fourth mile below 

gage. Channel composed of sand and gravel on the left and rock on the right; 

shifts at flood stages. 

Discharge measurements.--Made from the downstreani side of the bridge. 

Winter flow.-Observations discontinued during winter months. 

The following dischargemeasureiJlent was made by Bolster and Davis: 

September 19, 1914: Gage height, 10.44 feet; discharge, 27,600 second-feet. 
224 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River at Ke~sauqua, Iowa, for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Oscar McCrary, observer.] 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

---------------------- 1. ............. 0.45 0.4 0.6 .. .. -...... ........... ........... 1. 75 1. 75 2.6 3.3 0.95 1.1 2 .•.........•.. .45 .4 .6 .......... ............ ............. 1. 75 2.3 2.5 2.9 .95 1.05 

3 ...........••. .45 .4 .55 ............ .............. ........... 1.55 2.1 2.4 2.8 .85 .85 4 •.......•.•..• .5 .4 .55 ........ .............. ........... 1.4 1.95 2.2 2.6 .8 .6 5 .•...•......•. .55 .35 .5 .......... ............. ............. 1.25 1.9 2.0 2.6 .8 .55 

6 ......•..•.... .55 .35 .5 ............ ............. .. ........... 1.25 1.6 1.8 2.6 .85 .9 7 .....•.•.•..•. .7 .35 .5 ........ ............ .. ........... 1.2 1.55 1. 7 2.6 .85 .75 

8 •••........... • 75 .35 .5 ............. .. .......... .............. 1.15 1.95 1. 45 2.8 • 75 .75 

9 •••.••.•...... • 75 .35 .6 .......... . ... ..... ............. 1.15 1.6 1.45 2.3 .7 .7 10 .............. 1.05 .3 .55 ......... .... .... .. .. .............. 1.0 1.35 1.55 2.3 • 7 1. 75 

11. .•.•.•.•.•.•. • 75 .3 .6 .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .............. 1.0 1.55 1. 85 2.3 .65 2.4 12 ..•.....•...•• .65 .35 .6 ............. .............. ............ .95 3.0 2.0 2.1 .7 2.0 

13 ......•••••... .65 .35 .6 ........... ............ ............ .95 4.2 2.0 2.3 .6 1. 75 14 •••••••••••••• .65 .4 .65 ............. ............ ............. .95 5.0 2.4 2.2 .6 1.65 

15 .•.••..•.•.... • 75 .35 .6 ............ ............ ............ .9 3.8 2.6 2.0 .55 5.2 

16 .•...••.•..••• 1.0 .35 .6 ............. ............. ........... .85 2.8 3.2 1.9 .55 8.4 

17 .............. 1.0 .35 .55 .............. ............ ............ .8 2.0 3. 7 2.0 .55 9.9 

18 •...•.•.••..•. .85 .35 .55 .............. .. ... .. .. .. . .............. • 75 1. 35 3.8 1. 95 .45 10.8 

19 .............. .8 .4 .6 .............. ............. ........... • 75 1.3 3.8 1. 7 .45 10.4 

20 .............. .8 .35 .55 ............. ............ ............ .7 1.25 3.5 1.5 .6 10.4 

21. ............. .75 .35 .5 ............. ............ ............ .65 1.15 3.6 1.45 .55 6.2 

22 .............. .7 .35 .5 ........... -··--·- -·-···- .65 1.1 3.4 1. 35 .5 4.6 23 .............. .65 .35 .45 -·----- ............. ------- .65 1.05 3.4 1. 35 .45 3.6 24 .............. .6 .4 .5 ------- ------- .......... .7 .95 3.4 1.25 .45 4.8 

25 .............. .6 .35 .5 ............ ............. .......... • 75 .9 3.2 1.15 .4 4.4 

26 .............. .55 .35 .55 ......... ......... .......... • 75 1.3 3.4 .1.15 .35 3.6 

27 .............. .6 .35 .6 ------- ......... ............ • 75 1. 5 3.4 1.05 .4 2.9 

28 .............. .6 .35 .55 ------- ........ ........ ,95 2.4 4.2 1.05 .5 2.4 29 .............. .55 .4 .55 ........ .......... ........ .9 2.2 4.6 .95 .4 2.0 

30 .............. .55 .45 .45 .......... ··--··· ·-····· 1.0 2.3 3. 7 .95 .4 1.9 

31. ............. .45 -----·- .45 -·----- ······- ··-···- ........ 2. 7 -----·· .95 .35 ......... 

NoTE.-Discharge relation affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Mar. 31. 1914. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa,jor the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

----------- ---- ---- 1. ............. 845 780 1,050 3,080 3,080 5,060 i-.«;,900 1,570 . 1,820 

2 .............. 845 780 1,050 3,080 4,330 4,810 5,830 1,570 1, 740 

3 .............. 845 780 980 ......... -----·- . ....... 2,670 3,860 4,570 5,570 1,420 1,420 4 .... , ......... 910 780 980 ........ ......... ........ 2,370 3,520 4,090 5,060 1,340 1,050 

5 .............. 980 715 910 ....... ........ ------· 2,090 3,410 3,630 5,060 1,340 980 

6 .............. 980 715 910 ------- .......... ........ 2,090 2,770 3,190 5,060 1,420 1,490 7 .............. 1,190 715 910 ........... .......... ......... 2,000 2,670 2,980 5,060 1,420 1,260 

8 .•.•.•..•..... 1,260 715 910 ------- ........ ------· 1,910 3,520 2,470 5,570 1,260 1,260 

9 .............. 1,260 715 1,050 ............ ......... ------- 1,910 2, 770 2,470 4,330 1,190 1,190 

10 .............. 1, 740 650 980 ------- .......... ------- 1,650 2,280 2,670 4,330 1,190 3,080 

11 .............. 1,260 650 1,050 ......... ------- ......... 1,650 2,670 3,300 4,330 1,120 4,570 12 ..•.•.•.••.•.. 1,120 715 1,050 ......... ........ .......... 1,570 6,090 3,630 3,860 1,190 3,630 

13 .............. .1,120 715 1,050 ------- ------- ........ 1,570 9,330 3,630 4,330 '1 050 3,080 14 .•.••••.•.••.• 1,120 780 1,120 .......... ------- . ......... 1,570 11,500 4,570 4,090 1'050 2,880 

15 .............. 1,260 715 1,050 .......... ....... ------- 1,490 8,250 5,060 3,630 '980 12,000 

16 .•...•••..•... 1,650 715 1,050 ........ ........... ........ 1,420 5,570 6,630 3,410 980 21,200 

17 .............. 1,650 715 980 ------- ------- ------- 1,340 3,630 7,980 3,630 980 25,900 

18 ....•.•..•.... 1,420 715 980 -----·- .......... ------- 1,260 2,280 8,250 3,520 845 28,700 

19 .............. l,340 780 1,050 -----·- ------- ------- 1,260 2,180 8;250 2,980 845 27,400 

20 .............. 1,340 715 980 ------- ........ ------- 1,190 2,090 7,440 2,570 1,050 27,400 

·21. ............. 1,260 715 910 ......... .......... . ...... 1,120 1,910 7, 710 2,470 980 14,800 

22 .............. 1,190 715 910 ---···· ......... ······- 1,120 1,820 7,170 ~·~ 980 10,400 23 •••••••••••••• 1,120 715 845 -·----- ....... ------- 1,120 1, 740 7,170 845 7, 710 24 .............. 1,050 780 910 ........ ------- . ....... 1,190 1,570 7,170 2;090 845 11,000 

25 ..•.••.••..•.. 1,050 715 910 ------· ------- ------- 1,260 1,490 6,630 1,910 780 9,870 

26 .............. 980 715 980 ···-··· ....... ----·-· 1,260 2,180 7,170 1,910 715 7, 710 

27 .............. 1,050 715 1,050 ........ ....... .......... 1,260 2,570 7,170 H!& 780 5,830 28 .............. 1,050 715 980 ------- ........ ......... 1,570 4,570 9,330 910 4,570 29 .............. 980 780 980 ......... ........ ........... 1,490 4,090 10,400 1:570 780 3,630 30 .............. 980 845 845 ........ ........ . ....... 1,650 4,330 7,980 ,1,570 780 3,410 

31. ............. 845 ·-····· 845 ....... ........ ........... ------- 5,310 ........ 1,570 715 ........... 

NoTE.-Dally discharge computed from a fairly well defined rating curve. Open-water rating curve applied during December, 1913, notWng is known as to the effect of ice upon the diSCharge relation during that month. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 225 

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa,jor the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Drainage area, 14,300 square miles.] 

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off 

Month. Per drainage racy. I ~~R!~ ~ Accu-

---------------------------I-M-ruum __ · __ um __ .

1

_M __ nwm_· __ um __ ._,_M __ ean __ • ___ s~-~--~-~-l---ar-e_a_). __ 

October ....... ___ .... _ ................. . November ......... _ ...... _ ............ . December.-·-·· .... _ ................... . April.. ............... ···-- ... ---···-- .. . May .................................... : June ................................... . July ................................... . August ................................. . September ............................. . 

1, 740 

845 

1,120 

3,080 

11,500 

10,400 

6,900 

1,570 

28,700 

845 

650 

845 

1,120 

1,490 

2,470 

1,57Q 

715 

9&J 

1,150 

732 

976 1,670 

3, 790 5, 750 3,560 

1,060 

8,370 

0.080 

.051 

.068 

.117 

.265 

.402 

.249 

.074 

.585 

0.09 B. .06 B. .08 B. .13 B. .31 B. .45 A. .29 A. .09 B. .65 A. 

DES PLAINES RIVER AT ROMEO, ILL. 

Location.-InT. 36 N., R. 10 E. third principal meridian; at highway bridge about 

three-fourths of a mile west of Romeo, Will County, Ill.; about 3 miles above the 

junction of Des Plaines River and the Chicago drainage canal. 

Records available.-September 7 to 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-Not measured. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to downstream side of the second of four bridges 

from Romeo; read daily, morning and afternoon, to quarter-tenths. 

Channel and controL-Four channel~; rock bottom; control probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of four bridges. 

Point of zero flow.-A determination by leveling indicates that there would be 

no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to a.bout 0.9 foot by the gage. 

Winter flow.-Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February. 

Accuracy.-Gage readings reliable; on account of the comparatively large width of 

the stream at the gage, it is not possible to make very accurate estimates of discharge. 

The following discharge measurement was made by Peterson and Kessler: 

September 7, 1914: Gage height, 1.62 feet; discharge, 16 second-feet. 

Daily gage height, infeet, of Des Plaines River at Romeo, Ill.,jor the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Fred Boehme, observer.] 

Day. 

7 .•......•.•.••.......•. 

8 ........•...•.......... 

9 ..........•..•......... 

10 ..•••••••••.•••........ 

11 •••••••••.•••••......•. 

12 .•......•.............. 

13 .•....•...•............ 

14 •••••••••••.••.•.•••.•. 

Sept. Day. 

1. 60 15 ......•................ 1. 62 16 ...................... . 

1.50 17 .... ··················· 1. 52 18 ...................... . 

1.55 19 ......•...•............ 1. 58 20 ...................... . 1. 56 21. ...........•.......... 1. 52 22 ........•...•.......... 

97825° -WSP 385-15--15 

Sept. 

1. 50 1. 55 ~.55 

t60 

~.55 

~-52 

!.45 

1. 40 

I 

Day. 

23 .•••...•......•........ 

24 ...................... . 25 ...................... . 26 ...................... . 

Sept. 

1. 40 1. 45 1. 45 1. 40 

27 ................• :..... 1.4() 28....................... 1. 40 29....................... 1. 40 30 ..................... :. 1.40 31. ..............•............... 
226 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

DES PLAINES RIVER AT JOLIET, ILL •. 

Location.-At Cass Street Bridge, Joliet, Ill. 

Records a.vailable.-September 5 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-N ot given because mean daily flow of approximately 7,500 secondfeet from the Chic~Jgo Drainage canal enters the river above station. 

Gage.-8tandard chain gage fastened to downstream handrail of Cass Street Bridge. 

Read morning and evening to half-tenths. 

Channel and control.-Probably permanent; channel excavated in solid rock with 

a concrete wall on either bank. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from upstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached. 

Floods.'-No records available. 

Winter :flow.-On account of the swift current and the rapidly fluctuating stage, ice 

probably does not form in sufficient ampunts to affect the discharge relation. 

Regulation.-The flow past the gage is largely regulated by the operation of the power 

plant of the Sanitary District of Chicago at Lockport, which utilizes the flow of 

the Chicago Drainage canal and, to a lesser extent, by the operation of the Economy 

Light & Power Co.'s plant about 1,500 feet above the gaging station. 

Diversions.-Water is diverted to the Illinois & MiChigan canal at dam No.1, about 

1,500 feet above the gage. 

Accuracy.-On account of the rapid hourly fluctuations of the stage, the daily 

discharge obtained from two readings per day is liable to· considerable error. 

Discharge measurementB of Des Plaines River at Joliet, Ill., during the year ~nding Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Date. Ma!}eby- • (}_age Dlsllelg!lt. 0har_ge. 

Sept. ~ .:.~~-~~-~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

Sec.-ft. 8,380 

9,900 

Discharge measurementB of Illinois and Michigan canal a at Joliet, Ill., during the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. :Made by- ~~!ill Dlshelgllt.b charge. 

Sept. ~ ~~T.'~~:S:n~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

Ft!et. 

8.08 

7.92 

a See "Diversions" in station description. b Referred to same datum: as chain gage on Des Plaines River. See "Gage" in station description. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Plaines River at Joliet, Ill. ,for the year ending Sept. 30, 

Day. 

5 •••.•.•..•••..•.•.•.•.. 

6 ••.... : .••.••.••••..•.• 7 •••.•••••••••.••••••••• 

8 ...................... . 9 ...................... . 

10 .................. : ••.• 11 ..................... .. 12. ..................... . 13 ...................... . 

. 1914. 

[J. S. Stanton, observer.] 

Sept. Day. 

5.50 14 ...................... . 3.32 15 ...................... . 6.18 16 ..................... .. 6.5 17 ..................... .. 5.5 18 ...................... . 

Sept. Day. Sept. 

4.55 23....................... ..95 

4. 85 24....................... 4. 95 4.3 25....................... 5.1 

4.85 26....................... 4. 75 

5;1 27 ............................. .. 

5.18 19....................... ........ 28....................... 5.3 

4.5 20....................... ........ 29....................... 5.0 

5.1 21....................... 5.5 30....................... 4.85 

4.7 22.;..................... 5.05 31 .............................. . 
UPPER MISSIS$IPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 227, 

FOX RIVER AT SOUTH ELGIN 1 ILL. 

Location.-In sec. 35, T. 41 N.1 R. 8 E., at highway bridge at South Elgin, Kane 

County, Ill. 

Records available.-July 29 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-Not measured. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and afternoon, 

to quarter-tenths. 

Channel and control.-Rock bed; probably permanent; growth of grass below gage 

may affect the discharge relation. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Ice may affect discharge relation during parts of December, January, 

and February. 

Regu.Ia.tion.-A dam about 800 feet above the gage stores water for the Murray & 

Nickell Manufacturing Co. and a feed mill. Several power plants farther upstream 

regulate the flow and cause fluctuations in stage at the gage. 

Accuracy :-Gage readings reliable; measurements good. Regulation of stream affects 

the mean daily gage height. 

Data insufficient for estimitting discharge. 

Discharge measurements of Fox River at South Elgin•, Ill., during the year ending Sept. 90, 

1914. 

Date. Made by-

~~lt- ~ ~=~~::l=~·.::::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: • 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 2.42 

1.85 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 630 

352 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Fox River at South Elgin, Ill., for the year ending Sept. 90, 

1914-. 

[C. H. Molitor, observer.] 

Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. 

----------------------1---l---1---

1 ••••.. ~ ............. 1.84 1.42 11 •••••. . ......... 2.06 1.65 21. ••••. ............ 1.48 1.90 2 ••••.• .............. 2.02 1.45 12 •.•••. . ............ 1. 75 1.60 22 ••••.. . ......... 1. 41 2.01 3 ...•.. ............ 2.06 1.52 13 ••••.. .. ........... 1.65 1.62 23 •••••. .............. 1.39 1. 79 4 •.••.. .............. 2.10 1.54 14 •••••• .. ........... 1.41 1.64 24 •••••• ............. 1.52 1.82 5 .•••.. .............. 1.82 1.55 15 •••••. . ............ 1.41 1.64 25 •••••• .. ............. 1.52 2.04 

6 ...... .............. 1.60 1.69 16 .••••. .. ............ 1.39 1.60 26 •••••• .......... 1.48 2.05 7 ...•.. ........... 1. 76 1.80 17 ••••.. .............. 1. 41 1.64 27 ••••.. ........ 1.60 2.04 8 ...... ....... ~ ~ . 1.82 1. 72 '18 .•••.. ~------- 1.54 1.68 28 •••••. 1.56 2.00 9 ...... ........ 1.52 1.68 19 ..••.. ........ 1.42 1.65 29 •••••. 2.15 1.51 2.00 10 •..•.. ........ 1.64 1.65 20 •••••. .... ~ ... 1.36 1. 74 30 •••..• 2.02 1. 52 1.99 31.. ••. 1.87 1.46 --.. -~.--
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

FOX RIVER AT AURORA, ILL. 

Location.-InT. 38 N., R. 8 E., at the Elgin, Joilet & Eastern Railway bridge in the 

southern part of Aurora, Kane County, Ill. 

Records available.-July 29 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-Not measured. · 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, rooming and afternoon, 

to quarter-tenths. 

Channel and control.-Probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from footwalk on downstream side of bridge. 

Winter fl.ow.-Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February. 

Regulation.-A dam 1! miles above the section regulates the flow past the gage. 

Accuracy.-Gage readings reliable; measurements good. Regulation of stream may 

affect mean gage height as obtained from two readings per day. 

Data insufficient for making estimates of discharge. 

Discharge meiUiurements of Fox River at Aurora, Ill., during the year ending Sept. 80, 1914-. 

Date. :ij:adeby- Gage Disheight. charge. 

July 24 B. J. Peterson .......................................................... .. 

sept. ~ ~jwr::: ~~1!::~-~:::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

Feet. 

1. 79 

1.54 

.89 

Sec.-ft. 

810 

557 

173 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Fox River at Aurora, Ill. ,for the year ending Sept. 80, 1914. 

[Ralph Williams, obstrver.) 

Day. July. Aug. Se"[lt. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept: 

1. ..... ·······- 1.32 1.38 11 ...... ............ 1.23 1. 48 21. •.•.. .............. 1.12 1.88 2 ...•.. -------- 1.28 1.35 12 •.••.. ............. 1.22 1. 6.5 22 ••••.. ............ 1.09 1. 75 

3 ••••.. ........... 1. 38 1.31 13 .•.•.. 1.21 1.39 23 ..••.• .95 1.81 4 .•••.. 1. 44 1.25 14 •••••• ............. 1.24 1.46 24· •••••. .. ........... 1.19 1. 79 

5 ..••.. ........... 1.23 1. 41 15 •••••. ........... 1.14 1.51 25 ••••.. . .......... 1.05 1.82 

6 ...•.. ............. 1.06 1.05 16 ••••.. .. ............ • 75 1;54 26 •••••. .. .......... 1.26 1.81 7 .•.•.. ............... 1.25 1.05 17 ••••.. ............ .85 1.45 27 •.•••. . ............ 1.16 1.90 

8 .•.••. ............. 1.16 1.15 18 .•••.. ........... .67 1.35 28 ...... --·i:45" 1.28 2.04 

9 ..••.• -·····-- .95 1. 52 

I 

19 •..•.. ............. .88 1. 44 29 ••••.• 1.26 1.85 

10 •..... -------- 1. 21 1.44 20 •••••. ............. 1.26 1. 66 

I 

30 ...•.. 1.40 1.08 1. 81 

31. ..•.. 1.33 1.32 

VERMILION RIVER NEAR STREATOR, ILL. 

Location.-In sec. 1, T. 30 N., R. 3 E. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

known as Bridge No. 3, about 1! miles south of Streator, La Salle County, Ill.; 

about 100 feet below the Santa Fe Railroad bridge. 

Records available.-July 27 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-Not measured. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to highway bridge; read daily, rooming and 

afternoon, to quarter-1ienths. 

Channel and control.-Channel consists of gravel and rocks. Control consists of 

coarse gravel. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts. of December, 

January, and February. 

Data insufficient for estimating discharge. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 229 

Discharge measurements of Vermilion River near Streator, Ill., during the year ending 

Sept. 90, 1914. 

[Made by B. J. Peterson;] 

Date. 

f~}; ~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 0.46 

.50 

Dis· 

charge. 

Sec.-ft. ao.2 

b,S 

a Measurement m'lde by wading at downstream side of bridge; measurement not good because of low 

velocity and strong upstream wind. · b Measurement made by wading at a section about one-half mlle downstream. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Vermilion River near Streator, Ill. ,for the year ending Sept. 

90, 1914. 

[George Gall and Michael Cipala, observers.] 

Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. 

1. ..... ............. 0.50 0.50 11 ...... . ......... 0.50 0.52 21 ...... . ........... 0.48 0.52 2 ...... -······· .50 • 65 12.. .... .......... .48 .52 22 ...... . ....... .50 .55 3 ...... .......... .50 • 55 13 ...... .. · ....... ,49 .52 23 ...... . .......... .60 .52 4 ...... ............ .50 . 52 14 ...... . ............. .50 .52 24 ...... . ......... .50 .52 5 ...... ···-···· • 50 .50 15 ...... ............. .46 1.08 25 ...... . .......... .50 .52 

6 ...... -------- • 50 . 55 16 ...... ............ .45 .64 26 ...... .50 .52 7 ...... ............. • 50 • 54 17 ...... .. ........... .45 .52 27 ...... 0.50 .50 .52 8 ...... ---·---- • 50 • 52 18 ...... ............ .48 .52 28 ...... .50 .58 .52 9 ...... ............... • 48 .52 19 ...... -------- .48 .52 29 ...... .49 .50 .52 10 ...... -------· .50 • 52 20 ...... ............ .48 .52 30 ...... .48 .50 .52 31 ...... .48 .50 .............. 

SPOON RIVER AT SEVILLE, ILL. 

Location.-In sec. 24, T. 6 N., R. 1 E. fourth principal meridian, at the Toledo, 

Peoria & Western Railway bridge at Seville, Fulton County, Ill.; about a quarter 

of a mile east of the railway station at Seville. 

Records available.-July 24 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-1,600 square miles. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, to 

quarter-tenths. 

Channel and control.-Control is a loose-rock dam, about 2 miles downstream 

from gage, used to create a reservoir for the pumping station of the Toledo, Peoria 

& Western Railway. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge. Wading 

measurements made at wading section below the dam at the railroad station. 

Winter :flow.-Ice may affect discharge relation during parts of December, January, 

and February. 

Diversions.-Water pumped from reservoir at the pumping station of the Toledo, 

Peoria & Western Railway; amount not known. 

Accuracy.-Gage readings reliable. 

The following discharge measurement was made by B. J. Peterson by wading: 

July 24, 1914: Gage height, 1.53 feet; discharge, 7 second-feet. 
230 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914:1 PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Spoon River at Seville, Ill. ,jar the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Joe Reynolds and Ray Hooper, observers.) 

Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July Aug. Sept. 

1. ..•.. ·······- 1.40 1. 40 11 ..••.. -------- 1. 38 3.18 21. •••.. --·----- 1.48 3.25 2 ...... --·--·-- 1. 40 1. 90 12 ...... 1. 38 3.00 22 ..••.. -------- 1. 40 3.05 3 ...•.. -------- 1.50 2.30 13 ...... ·······- 1. 40 2.92 23 ...•.. ........ 1. 40 2.95 4 .•••.. -------- 1. 45 2.40 14 ••••.. ........ 1. 40 2.80 24 ••••.. 1.45 1.40 2. 78 5 ...... ----·-·· 1.45 2.85 15 ...•.. -------- 2.25 9.08 2S •.••.. 1.45 1.40 2.65 

6 ..••.. ------·- 1. 45 4.40 16 ..•... -------- 1.10 13.61 26 ..••.. 1. 42 1. 40 2 . .';5 7 ..•... -------- 1.40 9.82 17 ...•.. -------- 1.80 9. 78 27 ..••.. 1.50 1.35 2.50 8 ••.•.. 1.40 4.80 18 ...•.. 1. 60 5.02 28 ..••.. 1.50 1.35 2.40 9 ..•... ........ 1. 40 4.08 19 ...•.. . ....... 1.5Z 3.88 29 .••••. 1. 42 1. 35 2.38 10 ..••.. --·--··· 1. 40 5.30 20 ...... 1. 50 3.42 30 ..•... 1. 42 1.40 2.30 31. ..... 1. 35 1. 40 

SANG AMON RIVER AT MONTICELLO, ILL. 

Location.-In the northeastern part of T. 18N., R. 5 E. third principal meridian, 

at the Illinois Central Railroad bridge about half a mile west of Monticello, Piatt 

County, Ill. 

Records available.-February 4, 1908, to October 1, 1912; October 31 to December 

31, 1912; June 23 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-550 square miles. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, June 23 

to August 1, 1914, to hundredths; and August 3 to September 30, 1914, to halftenths. 

Channel and controL-Measuring section is at a pool; measurements prior to 1912 

indicated that control was permanent; measurements of July 30, 1912, and August 

4, 1914, indicate a slight change in discharge relation. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge and wooden 

trestle approach. · 

Floods.-The flood of May, 1908, reached a height of 15.2 feet on the gage. 

Point of zero flow.-Determined by soundings August 4, 1914, to be at gage height 

1.4 feet. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Ice usually affects the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February. 

Accuracy.-Gage-height record reliable. 

Data insufficient for estimating discharge. 

The following discharge measurement was made by Peterson and Kessler by wading 

at a section about 300 feet below gage: 

August 4, 1914: Gage height, 1.66 feet; discharge, 3.2 second-feet. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sangamon River at Monticello, Ill., for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

[Martin Doyle and David Cody, observers.] 

Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. 

-----1------------111-----1--------

1. •..........•.. ••...... 2.22 1.5 

2. ···········•·· •....... 2.20 ....... . 3... .. .. .. . ..•.. •.. .. .. . 2.15 1.5 4. •............. ........ 2.13 1.62 

5 ............•.. •······· ········ 1.65 

6............... • . . . . . . . 2.10 1. 6 7............... ........ 2.08 1.6 8. •..........•.. .•...... 2.03 1.6 9. ...........•.. ........ 2.02 

10 ............•.. ········ 2.00 1.6 

11....... ........ ........ 1.90 12 ............•...........•...... 

13.. ..........•.• ........ 1.90 14. .....•........ ........ 1.90 15. ...........•.. ........ 1.89 

1.6 

1.6 

1..';5 

1.6 

1.6 

1. 8 16 .•......................•.........•.... 1.85 17. •.......•..... ........ ....•... 1.6 

1.8 18. •··········•·· ........ ········ 1.6 1.8 19 ........•.•..... ········ ........ 1.6 1.8 20............... ........ 1.70 1.6 

21............... . . . . . . . . 1. 70 2.1 

2.0 22. •········•···· ........ 1.70 1.8 2.3 23 •• ····•••••·•·. 2. 40 1. 70 2. 2 24.. .. .. .. .. ..•.. 2.39 1. 70 1. 8 

2.2 25. •···••·••····· 2.32 1.60 1 9 

1.8 

1.8 

1. 75 1. 75 

1.65 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6 

2.1 

1..95 ~L::::::::::::: ~:~~ ···i:so· 1.8 1.6 

1.8 

1.8 

28............... ........ 1.70 29.... .. .. . . . . . . . 2. 21 1. 60 30. ...........•.. 2.21 1.60 31............... . . . . . . . . 1.50 

U5 ····ix 1. 8 1. 6 . .. .. .. • 1. 6 1. 8 .......• 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 231 

SANGAMON RIVER AT R"VERTON7 ILL. 

Location.-In the southeast comer of the SW. l sec. !1, T. 16 N., R. 4 W. third principal meridian, at Wabash Railroad bridge about~ quarter of amilewestofRiver~ 

ton, Sangamon Comity, Ill., and about 2~ miles below the mouth of South Fork. 

Records available.-February 13, 1908, to December 31, 1912; August 7 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-2,560 square miles. 

Gage.-8tandard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, to tenths. 

Channel and controL-Measuring section is at a ;pool and is slightly shift!ng; 

discharge measurements indicate that control is p¢rmanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstrea~ side of three-span bridge. 

Floods.-The high water of 1883 reached a height o~ approximately 32 feet on the 

present gage; that of 1875 is said to have been one-half foot lower. The high 

water of October, 1911, reached a height of 27.1 feet. 

Point of zero :fl.ow.-Determined by leveling, August 5, 1914, to be at gage height 

6.6 feet. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Ice may affect the discharge relation during short periods of extremely 

cold weather. 

The following discharge measurement was made by Peterson and Kessler by wading 

at a section about one-fourth mile below gage: 

August 5, 1914: Gage height, 7.38 feet; discharge, 27.2 second-feet. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sangamon River at Riverton, Ill. ,for the year ending Sept.lJO, 

1914. 

[J. H. Steele, observer.] 

Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. 

1. ..•.......... ·······- 7. 6 11 .............. 7. 3 8.0 21. ............. 7.4 7.5 

2 .............. ........ 7.6 12 .............. 7.3 8.0 22 .............. 7.4 7.5 

3 .............. ........ 8.0 13 .............. 7.2 7.8 23 •••••••••••••• 7.4 7.5 

4 ••••.•••••••.. ........ 8.2 14 ••••• ; •••••••. 7.4 7.6 24 .............. 7.4 7.4 

5 .............. ········ 8.2 15 .............. 7.35 7.5 25 .............. 7.35 7.4 

6 .............. 8.0 16 .............. 7.3 7. 4 26 .............. 7.3 7.2 

7 .............. 7.25 8.6 17 .............. 7.3 7.4 27 .............. 7.3 7.1 

8 .............. 7.25 9.1 18 .............. 7.3 7. 4 28 .............. 7.3 7.0 

9 .............. 7.2 8.6 19 .............. 7.5 7.5 29 .............. 7.5 7.0 

10 .............. 7. 2 8.0 20 .............. 7.5 7.5 30 .............. 7.8 7.0 

31. ............. 7. 6 
232 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914:1 PART V. 

SANGAMON RIVER NEAR OAKFORD, ILL. 

Location.-In s~c. 6, T.19 N., R. 7 W. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

3 miles northeast of .Oakford, Menard County, Ill., 2! miles above the Chicago, 

Peoria & St. Louis Railway bridge, anrl1! miles above the mouth of Crane Creek. 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-October 26, 1909, to June 30, 1911; December 10, 1911, to 

March 31, 1912; August 25 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-5,000 square mile~:~. 

Ga.ge.-8tandard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, to tenths, 

• The sea-level elevation of the zero of the gage is 468.80 feet. 

Channel and control.-Probably shifting; the river for some distance above and 

below the station has been dredged and straightened, thus increasing the slope 

considerably and disturbing the regimen of the river. Conditions along the 

improved section are probably reverting to their former state. Measurements to 

date indicate little if any change in the discharge relation. 

Discharge mea.surements.-Made from downstream side of bridge and wooden 

trestle approaches. 

Ploods.-The floods of February and March, 1907, May, 1908, and October, 1911, 

reached a height of about 21 feet by the present gage. 

Winter :flow.-Ice may ~ect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and Febma.ry. 

Accuracy.-Backwater caused by ice jams or drift lodging at the railroad bridge 2! 

miles below the gaging station may at _times affect the discharge relation. 

· The following discharge measurement was made by Peterson and KeBBler: 

August 6, 1914: Gage height, 1.07 feet; discharge, 154 second-feet. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sangamon River near Oakford, Ill., for the year ending 

Sept.30, 1914. • 

[J. M. Weaver, observer.) 

Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. 

1... ........... ........ 0.8 11.............. ........ 1.8 21.............. ........ 1.6 

2.............. ........ 1.3 12 ............................. . 22.............. ........ 1.6 

3.............. ........ ........ 13.............. ........ 1.7 23 ............................ .. 4.............. ........ 1.6 14.............. ........ 1. 7 24.............. ........ 1.6 

5.............. ........ ........ 15.............. ........ 1.7 23.............. 0.9 .... :: .. 

6.............. ........ 1.6 16 .............................. . 26... ........... .9 1.5 

~:::::::::::::: :~ ""T4 7.............. ........ ........ 17.............. ........ 1.7 

8... ........... ........ 1.6 18 ............................. . 

::::::::::::::: :~ .... T4 9... ........... .....•.. 1.9 19 ...................... ········ 10... ........... ........ 1.9 20... ........... ........ 1.6 

31 .... ·········· . 7 

SOUTH FORK OF SANGAMON RIVER NEAR TAYLORVILLE, ILL. 

Loca.tion.-Insec; 8, T.12 N., R. 2 W., at the Wabash Railroad bridgeabout3! miles 

southwest of Taylorville, Christian County, Ill.; about one-fourth mile upstream 

from the highway bridge known as the Half Acre Bridge. 

Records s.va.il.a.ble.-Febmary 11, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 1 to 

December 31, 1912; August 8 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.res..--427 square miles. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 233 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, to 

hundredths. On Septembe.r 2, 1909, the gage datum was lowered 2 feet. The 

gage heights to August 10, 1909, refer to the old datum; those from August 11 to 

September 1, 1909, are of no value because of backwater from a construction dam 

built and used during that period. Gage heights from September 2, 1909, to 

December 31, 1912, refer to new datum. On August 8, 1914, the datum was 

changed by an unknown amount, all bench marks being destroyed during construction of a new concrete and steel-plate girder bridge. Gage heights from 

August 8 to September 30, 1914, refer to the datum used on August 8 in-reestabli;;hing the gage. 

Channel and controL--In August, 1909, a drainage ditch was dug along the river 

in the vicinity of the station, which straightened the course of the stream but 

coincided v.ith the original channel at the gaging section. Though the crosssection of the channel at the measuring section lwas not changed the discharge 

relation was considerably affected by the change in slope. Subsequent to 1912 

a new bridge was built, and since then the discharge rPlation has again changed. 

The channel is probably permanent; section is in a pool; point of contrql about 

three-quarters of a mile downstream from gage; control section probably shifts 

slightly during floods. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods.--Maximum gage height since establishment of gage, 15.9 feet, occurred in 

September, 1911. No authentic record of floods prior to the e~tablishment of the 

station is available. 

Point of zero :flow.-A determination by soundings August 8, 1!ll4, indicates that 

there would be no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to 0.35 foot±O.l foot 

by the present gage. 

Winter :flow.-Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February. 

Accuracy.-Gage-height record reliable. 

Data insufficient for estimating discharge. 

Discharge rMa8Urements of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, Ill., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Dis- height. charge. 

Aug. 8 Peterson and Kessler_._. ___________ . ______ . ____ . ________ . ___ .. __ .. __ ... _. Feet. 0.55 

.64 

Sec.-ft. 

0.66 

Sept. 21 William Kessler 2. 75 .. _-._._. __ .. ___ . ________ .. _________ . __ ._ .. _ ......... -.-.-

NoTE.-Measurements made by wading about one-half mile below gage. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, Ill. ,for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Louis Seelbach, observer.] 

Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. 

----------------1---

1. ••........... 0.68 11.· •.•.......... 0.51 1.88 21. .•........... 0.63 0.64 2 .•............ -------- .69 12. ·······-····· .52 1.39 22 ....••........ 2.40 .64 3 •.•........... -------- 1.08 13 •••......•.... .52 1.21 23 ..••.......... 1. 78 .63 

4 •••••••••••••• ........ 1.43 14 •••••••••••••. .68 l.Ol 24 .. ··-···-···-· 1.05 .61 5 ••••....•..... -----·-- 1 25 15 •.•........... .61 .94 25 ..•........... .92 .58 

6 •.•••.••.•.... ·--·-··· 1.24 16 .• ····-....... .58 .89 26. ···-·-······· . 77 .56 7 .••...•.•..... 2.32 17 ...•... -... -·. .56 .85 27 .. ··-········- 1.00 .55 8 ...•....•.•... 0.52 4.50 18 .............. .54 .80 28 .............. .68 .54 9 ..•.......•... .52 3.01 

I 

19 ....•......... .53 . 74 29 .•••..•.•.•..• .71 .55 10 ••.•.......... .51 2.26 20 .............. .85 . 70 30 .............. . 72 .57 

31.. ···-····--·· . 70 
234 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914:, PART V. 

KASKASKIA RIVER AT SHELBYVILLE, ILL • 

. Location.-Between sees. Rand 17, T.ll N., R.4 E. third principal meridian, at highway bridge at the eastern edge of Shelbyville, Shelby County, Ill., a short distance 

above the Chicago & Eastern Illinois and Big Four Railroad bridges. 

Records available.-February 25, 1908,. to September 30, 1912; November 1 to 

December 31, 1912; August 11 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea.-1,030 square miles. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the afternoon, to 

tenths. 

Cha.nnela.ndcontrol.-Measuring sectionatapool; bed shifts. Discharge measurements indicates that control is permanent. 

Discharge mea.surements.--Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods.-Maximum gage height, 25.8 feet, since establishment of gage, oecurred in 

May, 1908. No available records of floods prior to installation of gage. 

Winter :fl.ow.-Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of Deeember, 

January, and February. 

Accura.cy.-During high water the discharge relation is likely to be affected by baekwater caused by drift lodging at the two railroad bridges below the gaging station. 

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, Ill., during the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. Made by- Ga!f,_e Disheig t. charge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. 4.81 0.6 ~:tt·. ~g ~Mriit~r::e;: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4.95 2.8 

NoTE.-Measurements made by wading at a section about 300 feet above the gege. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, Ill.,for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1914. 

Day. Aug, 

!. ................... .. 2 .................... .. 3 .................... .. 4 .................... .. 5 .................... .. 

6 ..................... . 7 .................... .. 

L::::::::::::l:::::::: 

:-------------- ........ 

[Homer Pound, observer.] 

Sept. 

5.3 

5.3 

5.3 

5.3 

5.5 

Day. Aug, 

11.............. 5.4 

12.............. 5.3 

13.............. 5.2 

14.............. 5.1 

15.............. 5.0 

7.9 16 ............ .. 4.9 

4.9 

4.9 

4.8 

4.8 

7.0 17 ............ .. 5.7 18 ............ .. 5.5 19 ............ .. 5.4 20 ............. . 

Sept. 

5.3 

5.2 

5.2 

5.2 

5.1 

--D-ay_. __ 1_A_ug_., Sept. 

21.............. 4.8 4.9 22.............. 4.8 4.9 23.............. 4.8 4.8 24.............. 4.8 4.8 25.............. 4.8 4.8 

5.1 26 ............ .. 4.8 

4.9 

5.4 

5.4 

5.4 

5.4 

4.8 

4,8 

4,8 

4,8 

4.8 

4.8 

5.1 27 ............ .. 5.0 28 ............ .. 

5.0 29 ............ .. 5.0 30 ............. . 31. ........... .. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAilf AGE BASIN~ 235 

KASKASKIA RIVER AT VANDAiLIA, ILL. 

Location.-In sec. 16, T. 6 N., R. 1 E. third princip!lll meridian, at highway bridge 

at the east end of Main Street, Vandalia, Fayette County, Ill. 

Records avaiiable.-February 26, 1908, to October 41 1912; November 1 to December 31, 1912; August 11 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area..-1,980 square miles. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the afternoon, to 

tenths. 

Channel and control.-Measuring section is at a pool; bed is somewhat shifting; 

control probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods.-The flood of May, 1908, reached a height of 21.2 feet on the gage; the flood 

of 1882 was about 22 feet, and that of 1875. about 22.8 feet. The river is leveed 

along the left bank for some miles above and below the station. It is said that the 

levees, by confining the floods, cause unnatural flood heights along the right 

bank, and lawsuits to recover damages have resulted. During extreme floods 

the levees sometimes give way and so reduce the flood height; this occurred 

during the floods of May, 1908, and October, 1911, when flood water for several 

days passed around the gaging station. Former statements that all the flood 

water eventually passed the gaging station are in error. 

Winter fl.ow.--lce may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February. 

Accuracy.-Gage-height record is reliable. 

Discharge measurements of Kaskaslcia River at Vandalia, Ill., during the year ending Sept. 

30,1914. 

Date. :Made byAug. 11 Peterson and Kessler •••.•••••••.•••••••••.•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••. __ 

Sept. 23 William Kessler .•. ··-··················· ..•..•.•••.••••••••••.••••••••... 

Gage 

height. 

Feet. 

0. 78 

1.14 

a Meesurement made by wading at a section about one-fourth mile below gage. b Measurement made by wading at a section about 500 feet above gage. 

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 

a24.0 

b 55.5 

Daily gage Might, in feet, of Kaskaslcia River at Vandalia, Ill.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[Wilson Haley, observer.] 

Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. 

-----1------111-----------

1. •••..•.•.•.•. ............ 1.38 11 •••••••••••••• o. 78 4.09 21. •••••.•.•.•.• 1.15 1.21 2 •••••.•.•.•••• ........... 1.33 12---·-········- .38 3.92 22 ..•••••.•....•. 1.45 1.18 

3 .••••.•.•••••• ........... 1.30 13 .•.•...•..... _ 2.32 2.32 23 .•••.•.•.•.•.• 1.15 1.08 4 •••••..••••••• .......... 1.40 14 •..•..•.•.... _ 1.52 2.22 24 .••••••.•.•••. .95 1.08 

5 ...• ·-··-····· ............ 1.28 15. ············- 1. 25 1. 81 25. ·••••·••••·•· 1.05 .98 

6 •••••••••.•.•. .......... 2. 22 16 ••••.•.•.•.•.. 1.28 1.78 26 •••••••••••••• 3. 72 .92 7 ••••..•.•••.•. .............. 11.37 17 ••••.•.•.•.•.• 1.15 1.68 47 •••••••·••·••• 2.35 .88 

8 ••••.•.•••.•.• ............ 12.22 18. ••••••••••••· .95 1.58 28 •••••.•.•••••. 1. 73 .85 

9 •••••••••••••• ............. 5.29 19. ·•••••••••·•· .82 1. 01 29 .••••••••••••. 1.50 .80 

10 •••••.•....••• ............ 4.12 20 •••••••••••••• .82 1.28 30 .••••••.•••••. 1.23 • 78 

31. ••••••••·•·•· 1.28 
236 1 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

KASKASKIA RIVER AT CARLYLE, ILL. 

Location.-In sec.l9, T. 2 N., R. 2 W. third principal meridian, at the Baltimore & 

Ohi.f' Southwestern Railroad bridge about one-fourth mile east of Carlyle, Clinton 

County, Ill. 

Records available.-March 2, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 1 to December 31, 1912; August 8 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage area.-2,680 square miles. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read daily, in 

the morning, to quarter-tenths. 

Channel and control.-Probably shifting. Measurements during 1912 and 1914 

indicate a change in the discharge relation. Main channel is broken by three 

bridge piers and flood channel by four additional piers. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods.-The flood of 1882, which is the highest known, is said to have attained a 

height It feet above the flood of 1908, or about 32.5 feet on the present gage. 

l'oint of zero :fl.ow.-Determination by soundings on August 13, 1914, indicates 

that there would be no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to 3.7 feet±0.3 

foot, referred to gage datum. 

Winter :fl.ow.-lce may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February. 

Regulation.-None. See "Diversions." 

Diversions.-A dam 3t feet high, about 700 feet above the gaging section, is used to 

store water for the city of Carlyle. The average amount pumped is about 3,500,000 

gallons every 30 days, and during June, July, and August about 4,500,000 gallons 

every 30 days. The outfalls of one section of the city sewerage system and some 

private sewers are above the section, so that the diversion is negligible. 

Accuracy.-Not affected by diversion; gage readings reliable. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 

The stream never goes dry during low water; the hardness of the water indicates 

that the flow is kept up by springe. 

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, Ill., during the year ending Sept. 

30,1914. 

Date. Made by_:;,.,'.' Gage Disheight. charge. 

Aug. 13 Peterson and Kessler .................................................... . Feet. 

5.58 

5. 71 

Sec.-ft. 

75 

Sept. 24 William Kessler .......................................................•.. 106 

NOTE.-Measurements made by wading at a section about 1,000 feet below gage. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, Ill. ,for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[A. J .. Marcham, observer.) . 

Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. 

1. ..•...•...... ···-···· 5.92 11 •••••••••••••. ······-- 12.10 21. .••.•....•••. 5.30 5.92 

2 ..•........... ........ 5.85 12 .............. 9.30 22 ...•.••.•••••. 5.32 5.80 

3 .............. -------- 5. 70 13 .............. 5.65 7. 75 23 .•••.....•.•.. 5.40 5. 75 

4 ............•. -------- 6.10 14 .••••••••••••• 5.58 7.10 24 .............. 5.45 5.72 

5 ••.•...••••... ·-······ 6.10 15 .....••••..... 6.30 6.85 25 .............. 5.60 5.68 

6 ........••.... ........ 6.02 16 .............. 6.45 6.80 26 .............. 6.10 5.68 7 .............. ......... 5.95 17 .............. 5. 75 6.35 27 .............. 9.02 5.65 

8 .............. ···----- 12.78 18 ...•........•. 5.68 6.25 28 .............. 9.30 5.62 

9 .•.•..•.•..•.. ·····--· 16.95 19 ...•.......... 5.58 6.10 29 •........•..•. 7.40 5.58 

10.,_ ••••••••••.. ---····· 16.00 20 .............. 5.45 6.00 30 ..•..•.....••. 6.42 5.52 

31. •·•·········· 6.15 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN, 237 

KASKASKIA RIVER AT NEW ATHENS, ~LL. 

Location.-In theW.~ NE. t sec. 28, T. 2 S., R. 7 W. third principal meridian, at 

the Illinois Central Railroad bridge, about 600 feet north jf the railroad station 

at New Athens, St. Clair County, Ill., about 1 mile beloj the mouth of Silver 

Creek and 3 miles above the mouth of Lively Creek. 

Records available.-January 23, 1907, to Septemb.er 30, 1912; October 30 to December 31, 1912; June 22 to September 30, 1914. A record of river heights from 

January 23, 1907, to October 28, 1909, was kept by C. J. von Roth Roffy, the 

present observer, for the New Athens Journal. The river height was taken on 

Wednesday and Thursday mornings of each week, that for Thursday being published Friday with the change in 24 hours as obtained from the river height of 

Wednesday. This record was kept up for the information of farmers living on the 

west side of the river, who were cut off from reaching town when the river reached 

a height of 30 feet. The record is authentic. Thegageheights have been reduced 

to the present datum, the maximum error probably not being over 0.4 foot and 

decreasing as the stage increases. 

Drainage area.-5,220 square miles. 

Gage.-Standard chain gage attached to the bridge, installed November 1, 1909; 

read daily, in the morning, to hundredths. 

Channel and control.-Probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream lower chord of bridge and 

from concrete trestle approach. A new concrete approach on right side was in 

process of construction during August and September, 1914. 

Floods.-The flood of the fall of 1898 reached a height of about 34.5 feet, referred to 

the present gage datum. 

Winter :fl.ow.-The discharge relation may be slightly affected by ice during parts 

of December, January, and February. 

Accuracy.-Gage-height record reliable. Discharge relation is affected by backwater from Mississippi River when the stage at Chester reaches a gage height of 

approximately 20 feet. Published estimates of discharge for the following periods 

may be considerably in error, depending on how much backwater conditions differed from those during which discharge measurements were made from which 

the rating curve was derived, and depending on the exact stage at Chester at 

whic;h backwater effect will be produced at New Athens: 1907, January 21-28; 

June 14-18; July 19 to August 3. 1908, May 17 to July 23. 1909, March 20; 

April 21 to May 1; May 11-17; June 12 to July 27. 1910, May 10-13; June 12-15. 

1912, March 22 to May 11; June 19-22. 

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, Ill., during the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914-. 

Date. Made byt~--~~ ~~:K'!l~.~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet. 2.37 

2.94 

Sec.-ft. 133 

228 

N OTE.-Measurements made by wading at a section under the bridge to which the gage is attached. 
238 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19~4, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of KaJJlca8kia River 'at New Athens, Ill,, for the year ending 

Sept. 80, 1914 . . [C. J. von Roth Roffy, observer.) 

Day, June, July. Aug. Sept. Day, June. July. Aug. Sept. 

------1----------11------1----· -------

1. .... -- ........ ........ 2, 78 2.23 4.50 16 ...... .- ....... ··-····· 2.38 7.90 

2 .. ············· -----·-- 2.73 2.23 4,15 17 ... -- .......... ······-- 2.38 7.02 3 ............. -- -------- 2.68 2,21 4,20 18 ..•.......... -- ··-·-··· 2.33 2.80 6. 75 4 ............... ···-···· 2.68 2.18 4.62 19 .. ············· ··-····· 2.28 2. 75 5.82 5 ............... ········ 2.63 2.18 4.62 20 •.............. . ....... 2.26 2.60 4.82 

6 ............... --···-·· 2.68 2.13 6.90 21.. ············. ···4:83" 2,26 2.52 4.38 7 ............... -------· 2.68 2.11 7.20 22 .. ············· 2.26 2.45 4.08 8 ............... -------- 2.58 2.11 8. 70 23 .• ············· 4.53 2.26 2.42 3.50 

9 .. ············· -----·-- 2.58 2.10 9.15 24 •. ···········-· 4.28 2.23 2. 75 3.20 

10.-- ············ ---·-·-· 2.58 2.08 12.12 25 .. •············ 3.98 2.28 2.60 3.05 

11 .. -. ·····-····· -----·-- 2.56 2.96 12.98 26 .. ············· 3.98 2.38 6.40 2.92 

12 .. - ... ········· ··-·-·-- 2.60 2.48 11.20 27 .. ------·-···-· 3.93 2.36 4.85 2.85 

13 .. ·········---· -------· 2.53 2.38 8.42 28 .. ------·-····· 3.63 2.32 5,85 2.80 

14 ••. •·•·····•·•· -----··· 2.48 2.68 6.40 29 •• ···········-· 3.23 2.28 7.55 2. 75 

15 .. ············· ........ 2.38 2.40 5.80 30 ...... - -----··· 2.93 2.23 6.58 2.65 31. ............. ........ 2.23 5.25 

SHOAL CREEK NEAR BREESE, ILL. 

Location.-In the southwest corner of the NW. l sec. 24, T. 2 N., R. 4 W. third principal meridian, at the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge about It 

miles east of Breese, Clinton County, Ill.; about 3 miles above the mouth of 

Beaver Creek. 

Records a.va.ilable.-November 5, 1909, to September 30, 1912; October 30 to 

December 31, 1912; August 14 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-760 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in th!l afternoon, to halftenths. 

Channel and control.-Practically permanent; channel rough, as rock hal! been 

placed in bed of stream, under bridge, to prevent scour. 

Discharge mea.surements.-Made from upstream side of bridge; during floods 

made also from downstream side of wooden trelltle over overflow channel. There 

is a good wading section just above the bridge. 

Floods.-The maximum gage height since establishment of gage, 19.6 feet, 'occurred 

in October, 1911. No available records of floods prior to installation of gage. 

Point of zero :flow.-A determination by leveling on August 13, 1914, indicates 

that there would be no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to about 0.4 foot 

±0.1 foot by the gage. 

Winter flow.--Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February. , 

Diversions.-The intake pipe of the Breese municipal pumping system ia about onefourth mile above the section, but the quantity of water diverted is negligible. 

Accura.cy.-Gage readings reliable. 

Stream is said to be fed by springs and has never been known to go dry at ataQ.on. 
UPPER MISSISSIPPl RIVER DRAIN AGE BASIN. 239 

Discharge measurements of Shoal Creek near Breese, Ill., during the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

Date. Made by- h=. Discharge. 

Feet. Sec.-ft. 

0.89 10.7 

.90 25.4 Aug. 13 Peterson and Kessler ••................................................... Sept. 24 William Kessler ................. ____ .............. _._. __ .... ·----· .. ---·-

NoTE.-Measurements made by wading at sections immadiately below the bridge; measuring sections 

poor because of rough bed and irregular velocity. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Shoal Creek near Breese, Ill., for the year ending Sept. 30, 

1914. 

[John Nordman, observer.] 

Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. 

1. •.•.......... .......... 1. 75 11 •••..••••••••• . ........ 2.35 21. •••.......••• 0.9 1.5 

2 •.••.......... ........... 1.6 12 ••••.....••••• . ............ 1.3 22 ••.•.....•.•.• .9 1.45 

3 ••••.......... ............ 1. 7 13 •.••......••.• 1.2 23 ••••.......••. .9 1.0 4 •••••.••••.••. ........... 1.4 14 .............. 0.9 1.2 24 .............. 1.1 .95 

5 .............. ............... 1. 75 15 .............. 1.05 1.15 25 .............. 3.7 .9 

6 .............. ................ 4.8 16 .............. 1.0 3.0 26 .............. 4.0 .9 

7 .............. .............. 2.4 17 .............. 1.0 2.9 27; ............. 2.2 .9 

8 .............. ............. 5.3 18 .............. .9 2.7 28 .............. 1.5 .9 

9 .............. .............. 4.4 19 .............. .9 2.2 29 .............. 1.2 .9 

10 .............. ............... 3.7 20 .............. .9 1.8 30 .............. 1.2 .9 

31. ............. 1.4 

SIT..VER CREEK NEAR LEBANON, IT..L. 

Loca.tion.-In the northwest corner of sec. 5, T. 2 N., R. 7 W. third principal 

meridian at highway bridge at Wrights Crossing, about 2 miles west of Lebanon, 

St. Clair County, Ill. 

Records a.vaila.ble.-March 3, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 3 to December 31, 1912; August 14 to September 30, 1914. 

Drainage a.rea..-335 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Standard chain gage attltched to bridge; read daily, in the morning, to 

quarter-tenths. 

Channel and control.-Probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements.-Made from downstream side of bridge and small approach spans; and also at high stages from downstream side of three steel viaducts 

on road west of bridge. 

Floods.--The maximum stage since establishment of gage, 15.9 feet, occurred in 

May, 1908. No available records of :floods prior to the establishment of the station. 

Point of zero :B.ow.--A determination by leveling, August 14, 1914, indicates that 

there would be no :flow past the gage if the river stage were to fall to 0.4 foot±0.1 

foot referred to the gage datum. · 

Winter :B.ow.-Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February. 

Accuracy.-From March 3, 1908, to May 10, 1909, the gage was so situated that 2 feet 

was the lowest obtainable reading, and the gage reader noted that the stream was 

dry whenever the water surface was below 2 feet. On inquiry he stated that the 

stream was dry for only one week during 1908; therefore, where the gage heights 

have been marked "Dry" during this period the note was inserted, "Dry under 

gage; can not obtain gage height of water surface." The position of the gage was 

changed on May 10, 1909, so as to obviate this difficulty. 
240 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART V. 

Discharge measurerMnts of Silver Creek near Lebanon, Ill., during the year ending Sept. 

' 80,1914. 

Date. Made by- Gage Disheight. charge. 

Aug. 14 Peterson!llld Kessler .................................................... . Sept. 25 William Kessler ..............................•........................... 

a Velocity determined by use of floats. b Measurement made by wading about 1,000 feet below the gage. 

Feet. 

0.55 

1.31 

Sec.-ft. ao.02 

b4.20 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Silver Creek near Lebanon, Ill., for the year ending Sept. 80, 

19J.4 .. 

[W. D. McKoin, observer.] 

Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. Day. Aug. Sept. 

1. ••••••.••••.• ........... 2.30 11 •••••...•...•• . ............ 4.48 21 ••••.......... 3.18 1.00 2 •••••••••.••.• ................ 5.35 12 •••••.•...•.•. .. .............. 3.15 22 ••••.......... 4.25 1.85 

3 •••••••.•.••.• ............... 4.98 13 ••••......•.•• 2.43 23 •••••••••••••• 3.00 1.63 4 ••••.•..••..•. ............... 4.20 14 ••••.•...•.••. 0.58 2.25 24 ••••••••.••••• 2.30 1.40 

5 ••••.•.•.•.••• ............. 3. 78 15 ••••.•.•.•.••• .55 4.13 25 ••.•........•. 3.55 1.32 

6 ••••••.•••.••• ............ 6.38 16 ••••...•...... 1.20 8.85 26 •••••••••••••. 5.50 1.30 7 ••••.•.••••••. .............. 7.95 17 ••••.......... 1.18 7.28 27 •••........... 6. i5 1.25 8 •••.•••••.••.. ............. 9.95 18 ......•.•.•... 1.00 4.70 28 .••••.•.•...•• 4.00 1.12 

9 •••••••••.•.•• ............... 9.75 19 .. ······•····· .88 2.33 29 ••••••••••..•• 2.88 1.00 

10 •.•.•.•.•.•••. ............ 6.73 20 .••.....•...•. .85 2.25 30 ......•....... 2.28 .92 

31. .........•.•. 2.15 

BIG MUDDY RIVER AT PLUMFIELD, ILL. 

Location.-In thewesthaUofsec. 20, T. 7 S., R. 2 E., athighwaybridgeatPlumfield. 

Franklin County, Ill., and about 6 miles west of West Frankfort, Ill.; about It 

miles below the mouth of Middle Fork, and about 2 miles downstream from station formerly maintained at the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge. 

Records a.va.ila.ble.-August 18 to September 30, 1914. J~e 16, 1908, to September 30, 1912, and November 1 to December 31, 1912, maintained at the Chicago, 

Burlington & Quincy Railroad. 

Drainage a.rea..-Not measured. 

Ga.ge.-Standatd chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, momlng and afternoon,. 

to quarter-tenths. 

Channel a.nd control.-Probably permanent; control section is about one-fourth 

mile below the gage. 

Discharge mea.surements.-Made from downstream side of bridge and steel 

approach, and in high water also made from downstream side of two culverts 

under road on right side; at extreme high stages the lowland between the bridge' 

and the culverts is covered with water. 

Floods.-No record. 

Point of zero :flow.-A determination by leveling August 18, 1914, indicates that; 

there would be no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to about 0.6 foot. 

±0.05 foot by the gage. 

Winter :flow.-lce may affect the discharge relation during parts of December,. 

January, and February. 

Accura.cy.-Gage-height record reliable. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 
'UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN, 241 

Di3c1w.rge fn6ai'UT61Mnt8 of Big Muddy River at Plum.fi,eld, Ill., , ring the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1914. 

Date. ;Made by- Dl!!-

charge. 

A::ft 19 PetersonandKessler ............................. , ...................... . Bep • 28 Wllllam Kessler ........................................................ .. 

Fut. 

0.37 

2.01 

Slll.-ft. 

o.o 

88.3 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Muddy River at Plum.field, IZZ.,Jqr the year ending Sept. 

&0, 1914. ' 

[Louis Robertson, observer.] 

__ Aug. Sept. D_a_y_. __ 1_A_ug_. _se_p_t._11 ___ D_ay_. __ 1 __ A_u_g._ Sept. j Day. 

10.34,21.. .. _ ........ .. 8.78 22 ............. . 

5.781- 23 ............. . 3.60 ~ ............ .. 2.68 25 ............ .. 

2.28 26 ............ .. 1.95 27 ............. . 

1 ...................... . 2 ...................... . 8 ...................... . 4 ............... ...... .. & ..................... .. 

6 ............... •••••••• 7 ...................... . 

5.38 11 .................... .. 3.78 12 .................... .. 2.78 13 .................... .. 2.20 u .................... .. 1.89 15 .................... .. 

1.90 16 .................... .. 3.20 17 .................... .. 

0.54 2.08 

.50 1. 76 

.50 1.65 

.49 1.68 

.58 1.48 

.58 1. 76 

.92 2.20 

1.84 28 ............ .. 2.38 29 ............. . 2.52 30 ............. . 

8 ..................... .. 9 ..................... .. 10 ...................... . 6.61 18.............. 0.40 

9.18 1L............ .38 

10.25 20.............. .52 

1.S8 2.01 

1.20 1. 72 2.00 1.50 

31 ............ .. 6.00 ........ 

BEAUOOUP CREEK NEAR PINCKNEYVILLE, ILL. 

Loca.tion.-In sec. 30, T. 5 S., R. 2 E. third principal meridian; at Illinois Central 

Railroad bridge about 11 miles east of Pinckneyville, Perry County, Ill., about 

10 miles above the mouth of Galum Creek. · 

:aecords a.va.ila.b1e.-June 17, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 30 to December 31, 1912; August 24 to September 30, 1914. The gage readings for 1908 were 

taken whenever the observer happened to be in the vicinity of the gag,. Except · 

for a few days fairly accurate results will probably be. ohlaiaeit ittlla-m.illsjng 

ga.,ae heights are interpolated. 

Dra.in&ge a.rea..-227 square miles. 

Ga.ge.-Standard chain .gage attached to bridge; read daily, ,iD, · th6 aahlg, to 

hundredths. 

Oha.Dnel and control.-Practically permanent except at low stages. T.Iu:t creek 

goes dry at times, the water then standing in :pools near the gage. 

Discharge mea.surements.-Made from downstream side of wooden trestle; lowwater measurements made at wading section about 1,000 feet below gage. 

Floods.-The flood of 1902 reached a height of about 27.5 feet, referred. to the preeeni 

gage. 

Point of zero :flow.-A detecmination by leveling, August 17, 1914. indicate&fitat 

there would be no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to about 1,8 foot±O~ 

foot by the gage. 

Winter :flow.-Discharge relation may be affected by ice during parts of December, 

January, and February. 

Aocura.cy,-Gage readings erroneous at times. 

9i825°-WfW 3&)--~].6 
242 SUJU!'.A.OE WATER SUPPLY, 19141 PART V. 

Date. Hade by- ~-

Aug. 17 Peterson and Kessler •••••.•.•.•••.•.••••••.•••.•••.•••••••••••••••••••••• Sept. 26 William Kessler •••••••••••••.....•••.•.••.•••.••••••••.•..••••••••••••••• 

Feet. 

1.50 

2.71 

Bee.-ft. 

0.0 

G17 

<~Measurement made by wading at a section about 1,000 feet below gage. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Beaucoup Creek near Pinclmeyville, Ill., for the uear ending Sept. SO, 1914. 

[R. C. Huggins, observer.] 

Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. Day. I June. July. Aug. Sept. 

1 •••••••••••..•• .............. 1.84 1.62 4.80 16 •••••••••••••• .1. ....... 1. 73 5.4 

2 •••••••••••.••. ................ 1.84 1.62 2. 45 17 ••••••••••••••• ............ 1. 73 1.60 4.7 

3 ............... ·••·'!,.··· 1. 79 1.61 2.50 18 ............... ........... 1. 74 1.55 3.2 

4 ............... 1.81 1.61 2. 52 19 ............... ......... 1.73 1.58 2.5 

5 ............... ........ 1.82 1.59 2.54 20 ............... .......... 1.72 1.58 

6 ............... .......... 1.82 1.58 10.10 21 ............... . ........... 1. 72 1.60 2.4 

7 ............... ............ 1.80 1.56 12.20 22 ............... .............. 1. 71 2.01 2.4 

8 ............... ......... 1.80 1.54 16.90 23 ................ .. ........... 1.69 2.00 2.2 

9 ............... ............ 1.80 """i:53· 16.85 24 ............... 1.99 1.69 2.00 

10 """""2."9 ............... ............ 1. 79 12.06 25 ............... 1.94 1.68 2.01 

11 ............... ............ 1. 78 1.51 4.1 26 ............... 1.94 1.67 3. 70 2.9 

12 ............... ............. 1. 78 1.49 3.6 27 ............... 1.94 1.66 3. 74 2.6 

13 ............... ............... 1. 78 1.49 """"2."7" 2R ............... 1.92 1.65 14.01 2.5 14 ............... ............... 1. 74 1.49 29 ............... 1.·89 1.65 19.10 2.4 

15 ............... ............... 1. 74 1.54 2.6 30 ............... 1.84 1.64 16.80 2.3 

131 ....................... 1.62 .............. ........... 

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

JCiBcell<mwr.I.B meaauremmt8 in HudJJon Bay drainage basin during the year ending Sept. so, 1914. . 

[ByJ. B. Stewart.] 

Date: Stream. Tributary to- Locality. 

~~ t. charge.. 

--

Aug. 13 Wg Fork River ....... Big Falls, llrt:IDn ......... Feet. Sec.-ft. Rainy River .............. 3.65 448 

· JCiscel~oua_ meaauremmta in upper JCisaiasippi River draiMge basin during the year ending Sept. SO, 1914. 

[By B. B. Boult!, J. B. Stewart, and' R. ;a. Bolster.] 

Date. Stream. Tributary to- Locality. _G!IP Dfs. 

.llelght. charge. 

. ' -

· -- . · · Feet. Bec.-ft Oot. 17 Lizard Creek.......... Dee Holnee River......... Fort Dodlre, Iowa....... .... ... • ,eu. 6 

Kay 2020 Elk Creek............. Turkey River............. Elkport, fo-............. ; :. .. 17. 

Bept. 18 Volga River ................ ~o ......................... do .......................... 1

:_. 83.7 

Dee llrt:olnee............ llrt:lsaisslppl River......... ottumwa, la.a..... ... . . 10.80 ~· 400 
MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 248 

JliacellaneOUI meaaurementB in Wiacomin River drainage basin during tM year ending 

Sept. 90, 1914. · 

Date. 

May22 

lan. 7 

Feb. 7 

Aug.20 

[By W. G. Hoyt, G. B. Canfield, and 0. A. Steller.] 

Stream. Tributary to- Locality. Gage Disheight. charge. 

Feet. Sec.·ft, Wisconsin River...... Mississippi River.......... Bigbway brl!lge, Grand a 2. 23 4, 060 

Ji:aplds, MICh. 

Big Eau Plelne River. Wlsconsin River ....•••••. Bighwaybridge,2mlles 9 west of Dancy, Wls • .. . .• do ••••••.•••.•........• do ••••••••.••...••••• - ....• do.................. .•••.••. 4li 

Mill Creek ••••••••••••.•••• do •......•....•....... Immediately below 44 

power hou.::e and dam 

Of city of Musooda, Wls.~ec.26, T.9 N., R.lw. 

"U.S. Weather Bureau statr gage at Grand Rapids, Mich, 

INDEX. 

A. Page. 

Acre-foot, definition of •••.••••••••.•..••.• ':.. 12 

Afton, WiS., Rock River at •••••.••..•..•.. 198-200 

Apple River near Somerset, Wis ••••.•••.• 115-119 

Appropriations, annual, amount of. • . • . . . . • . 7 

Augusta, Wis., Eau Claire River near ••••• 137-138 

Aurora, Dl., Fox River at................... 228 

Austin, Minn., Cedar River near ••••••••.• 214-216 

Authority for work.......................... 7 

B. 

lJabb, Mont., St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek at ••...•.•••••••..• 22-25 

St. Mary River neer. • • . • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 19-21 

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis ••••..•• 184-186 

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, m ... 241-242 

Beckman, H. C., work of.................... 19 

Big Eau Pleine River at highway bridge 2 

miles west of Daney, Wis........ 243 

near Stratford, Wis...................... 182 

Big Falls, Minn., Big Fork River at......... 242 

.Big Fork River at Big Falls, Minn. • • • • • • • • • 242 

Big Lake, Minn., Elk River near ••••••.••••• 85-87 

Big Muddy River at Plumfteld, ill ........ 240-241 

Bleck Riverat Neillsville, Wis •••••••••••• 154-156 

Bradley, Wis., Tomahawk River near....... 175 

Breese, m., Shoal Creek near •••••••••••••• 238-239 

Brodhead, Wis., Suger River near ••••••••• 205-207 

Bruce, Wis., Chippewa River near •••••••• 125-127 

Burdlek, L. W., work of •••••••••••••.•••••• 18,19 

Butternut, Wfs., Flambeau River near •.•• 125-136 

c. 

Cambridge, Minn., Rum River at ••••••••••• 111-92 

Canlleld, G. H., work of..................... 19 

Cannon River at Weleh, Minn ••••••.•••••• 119-120 

Carlyle, ru., Kaskaskia River at............. 236 

Cedar Falls, Wis., Red Cedar River at •••.• 142-143 

Cedar Rapids, IOWJ', ~ River at ..••••• 217-218 

Cedar River at Ceder Rapids, Iowa ••.•••.. 217-218 

near Austin, Minn.: ••••••••••••••••••• 214-216 

Chandler, E. F., work of ••••••••••.••••.•••• 18.19 

Chippewa Falls, Wis., Chippewa River at. 128-130 

Chippewa River at Bishop's bridge, near 

Winter, Wis ••••••••••••..•••.• 121-125 

at Chippewa Falls, Wis ••••••••••••••• 128-130 

near Bruce, Wis .•••••••••••••••••••••• 125-127 

near Watson, Minn •••••••.•••••••••••• 100:-102 

West Fork of, at Lessards, near Winter, 

Wis ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 131-135 

Chrlstfanson, Ole, work of..... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18, 19 

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn ••• 46-48 

Colfax, Wis., Red Cedar River near .••••• 140-142 

Control, definition of........................ 12 

Controlling section, definition of... . • ••• • • • • 12 

Cooperation and assistance, extent of. • • • • • • • 18 

COJJpock, Iowa, Skunk River at ..•.••••.• 219-221 

Crookston. Minn., Reel Lake. River at~ •••••• 42-43 

Page. 

Crow River at Rockford, Minn •••••••••••••• 88-90 

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn •••••••••• 79-81 

at Nimrod, Minn •••••••••••••••••••••••• 77-N 

Current meters, views of................. • • • • Pl. I 

:Q. 

Dancy, Wis., Big Eau Pleine River at high· 

way bridge 2 mtles west of • • • ••• 248 

Data, accuracy of ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17-18 

explanation of ••••••••••••••••.•.•••••..• 15-17 

Deeorah, Iowa, Upper Iowa River near...... 164 

Definition of terms •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11-12 

Des Moines River at Xalo, Iowa ••••••••••• 221-223 

at Keoseuqua, Iowa ••••••••••••••••••• 223-225 

at Ottumwa, Iowa .•• ,................... 242 

Des Plaines River at Joliet, m............... 228 

at Romeo, Til ........................ c .. •• ~ 

Dill, Wis., Peootonica River at ............ 202--2M 

Dillon, E. E., work of....................... 19 

Discharge relation, definition of. • .. • • .. • .. .. • l2 

Division of work, details of .................. 18-19 

Dodge, Wis., Trempealeau River at ....... 151-153 

Drainage basins, list of...................... 8 

E. 

Eau Claire River at Eau Claire, Wis. ....... 138--140 

at Kalley, Wis ......................... 180-187 · 

near Augusta, Wis .................... 137-13tr 

Elk Creek at Elkport, Iowa................. 24:J 

Elkport, Iowa, Elk Creek at................. 242 

VolgaRiverat .......................... 242 

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn ............. 85-Sf 

Elwood, W. A., work of..................... 111 

Entringer, J'oe, work of...................... 111 

Equivalents, eonvenfent, table of •••••••••••• 12-1' 

Errors, cause of.............................. 1f 

EvaporatlonatUniverslty,N.Dak .......... 15718 

F. 

Fargo, N.Dak., Red River at ............... ~ 

FetgUS Falls, Minn., Ottertail River at Gerc man Church, near ............... 31-32 

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis •••••• 135-136 

near Ladysmith, Wis .................. 136-137 

Fort Dodge, Iowa, Lizard Creek at.......... 242 

Fox River at Aurora, Dl.......... •• ••• .... • • 228 

at South Elgin, ill....................... :rrt 

Freeport, Dl, Pecatonica River at........... 20i 

G. 

Gage-height tables, explanation of ........... 15-16 

Gages, autometlc, views of .................. Pl. II 

Gaging stations, reeords at .................. 19-242 

Garber, Iowa, Turkey River at ............ 189-190 

Gays Mills, Wis., Kickapoo River at ....... 137-189 

GrandForks,N.Dak.,RedRiverat ......... 35-37 

Grand Rapids, Mich., Wlseonsin Rivet at 

hl&hway bridge .......... ~....... 248 

246 
246 INDEX. 

ll. 

llaUoclr:,lllml., South Branch of Two Rivers 

at.· •••••......•.•........••.•.•.. 4&-00 

llorton. A. H., work ot. ~....... •• • • • • • • • • • • • 19 

Houstoo, MIDn., Root Rivernear •••••• "·· 158-160 

Hoyt, W. G., workot •••••••••.••••••• ,.~... 19 

Hudson River drainage area In the United 

sta-, sveam ll.ow ln •••••••. 19-68,242 

I. 

Dllnofs Rivers and Harbors Commission, cooperation of. • • • • . • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 

International FBils, K.lnn., Rainy River at. . 6CHl3 

Iowa City, Iowa, Iowa River at •..••••••.•. 212-213 

Iowa FBils, Iowa, Iowa River near ••••.•.. 208-211 

Iowa Geological Survey, oooperation of...... 18 

Iowa River atlowa City, Iowa •••••••••.•. 212-213 

near Iowa FBils, Iowa ••••••••••••••••• 208-211 

1. 

Joliet, m, Des Plaines River at •••••••• :.... 226 

K. 

KoJo, Iowa, Des Moines River at ••.••••.•. 221-223 

Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, ill.............. 236 

at New Athens, ill .................... 237-238 

at Shelbyville, ill........................ 234 

at Vandalia, ill.......................... 235 

Kelley, Wis., Eau Claire River at ••••••.•• 180-181 

Keosauqua, Iowa, Des Moines River at •••. 223-225 

Keesler, William, work of................. 19 

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn ••.••.•• 11:1-113 

Klckapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis ••••• : •. 187-189 

KfmbBII, Alberta, St. Mary River near ••.••• 25-27 

L. 

LaoQo1ParleRiveratLacQo1Parle,K.Inn. 98-100 

La Crosse·Rfver near West Salem, Wis ••.• 156-158 

Ladysmith, Wis •• Flambesu River near .... 136-137 

Lamb, W. A., work of....................... 18 

Lanesboro, Minn., North Branch of Root 

River near .................... 161-163 

Larson, C. M., work of...................... is 

Lebanon, ill., snver Creek near ••••••••••• 239-240 

Libby, K.lnn., Mlssi9slppl River above Bandy 

Rivernear ...................... 69-70 

Little Fork River at Little Fork, K.lnn. . • . • . 66-68 

Little Rib River near Wansau, Wis ....... 177-179 

Lizard Creek at Fort Dodge, Iowa........... 242 · 

Long Prairie River n• Motley, K.lnn ....... 8:1-84 

M. 

McDermott Lake, Mont., Bwlftourrent Creek 

at ............................... ~29 

Malung, Minn., West Branch of Roseau River 

near ••••••••••.••••....•.•.••.•.• 53-55 

Mankato, Minn., Minnesota River near •..•.• 95-97 

MaquOketa Riverabovemouth of North Fork 

of Maquoketa River, near Maquoketa, Iowa •••••••....••••.•.•. 190-192 

below mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River, near Maquoketa, 

Iowa .......................... 193-195 

M'athers, 1. o., workof...................... 19 

Page. 

·Menomonie, Wis., Red Cedar River at ..... 143-145 

Merrill, Wis., Prairie Riveruear ........... 176-177 

Wisconsin River at •••••••••••••••••••• 167-1611 

Mlll Creek near MllllCOda, Wis............... 243 

Minnesota River near Mankato, K.lnn ••••••• 95-07 

near Montevideo, K.lnn .................. 92-04 

Minnesota State Drafuage COmmission, coope. eration of........................ 18 

MIDot, N.Dak., Mouse Rlverat .......... ~ •• 56-67 

Mississippi River above Sandy River near 

Libby, Minn ............. ··•·· •• 69-70 

at St. Paul, K.lnn ........................ '/Q-73 

Montevideo, Minn., Minnesota River near .•• 92-04 

Monticello, Ill., Sangamon River at.... • • • • • • 23o 

Motley, Minn., Crow Wing River at ••••••••• 79-81 

Long Prairie River near.. . • . • • . • • • • • • • • • 82-84 

Mouse River at Minot, N.Dak .............. 56-ll7 

Muehlsteln, W. C., work of.................. 19 

Muscoda, Wis., Mill Creek near.............. 243 

Wisconsin River at •••.•••••...•••••••• 172-174 

N. 

Nslllakagon River at Trego, Wis .......... UJ?-110 

Necadah, Wis., WlsoonslnRivernear....... 171 

Neche, N.Dak., Pembina Riverat .......... 51-li:l 

Neillsville, Wis., Black River at •..•.•••••• 154-156 

Nekoosa, Wis., Wlsoonsin River near........ 170 

New Athens, Ill., Kaskaskl'l River at ...•.. 237-238 

Nimrod, Minn., Crow Wing Riverat ........ ·77-79 

o. 

Oakford, Ill., Sangmnon River near..... • • • 233-233 

Ottertan River at German Church, near Fergus FBils, Minn .................. 31-.'12 

Ottumwa, Iowa, Des Moines River at....... 242 

P. 

Pecatonica River at :Pill, Wis ............. 203-204 

at Freeport, Ill •• ; ................. , .... ~ 2011 

Pembina River at Neche, N •. Dak ........... 51-li:l 

Peterson, B.J., Workof ..................... 18,19 

Plnckne;yvllle, DI., Beaucoup C!'el'k near •• 241-242 

Pine City, Minn., Snake River near ....... 114-115 

Pine River below Pine River ~lr. Minn. 76-76 

Plover River near Stevens POI!Jit,. Wis ••••• 183-184 

Plumll.eld, Ill., Big Muddy River Itt. ••••••• 240-241 

Point of control, definition of~............ .. • 1~ 

Point of zero ll.ow, deftnltlon of.............. 12 

Prairie River near 1lferriJI, Wis ............ 176-177 

Publications, list of.... . • • • •.. • . • . .. • . • • • . • • • . 8 

method of obtaining..................... 11 

R. 

Rainy Lake at Rauler, Minn ................ 011-00 

Rainy Ri\<er at International FBils, Minn... 00-a 

Rauler, Minn., Rainy Lakeat .... : .... , ..... 59-60 

Rather, M~ F., workof...................... 111 

Rating tabla, explanation oL. ...... ........ 16 

Red.Cedar River at Cedar FBils, Wis ...... 14:1-143 

at Menomonie, Wis. ................ · ••• 143-145 

near Colilx, Wis ...... ;; ............... 140..142 

Red Lake FBils, Minn., Clearwater River at .. ~ 

Red Lake River at ciookston, Minn. ........ 4:1-43 

at Thief River hill, KJDD •••• ;.u., ••.•• 40-0 
INDEX. 247 

Page. 

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak •..•............. 32-34 

at Grand Forks, N. Dak ••.........•..... 35-37 

Redwood River near Redwood Falls, 

Minn •••.••••...•.••..••••..••• 103-104 

Rhinelander, Wis., Wisconsin River near •. 165-166 

Riverton, III., Sangamon River at........... 231 

Rockford, III., Rock River at................ 201 

Rockford, Minn., Crow River at .....•......• 88-90 

Rock River at Afton, Wis •................ 193-200 

at Rockford, III.......................... 201 

at Watertown, Wis ........•..•••...... 197-198 

Romeo, III., Des Plalnes River at............ 225 

Root River near Houston, Minn •.........• 158-160 

North Branch of, near Lanesboro, 

j Minn ...•••.•••...•.•.•..•..... 161-163 

Roseau River, West Branch of, near Malung, Minn ...................... 53-55 

Rum River at Cambridge, Minn ••...•....••• 91-92 

Run-o:!I, definltion of........................ 12 

s. 

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis.............. 105-107 

near St. Croix Falls, Wis •............. 107-108 

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, 

at Babb, Mont •.••.............. 22-25 

near Babb, Mont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:)..21 

near Kimball, Alberta ................... 25-27 

St. Paul, Minn., Mississippi River at .••..... 70-73 

Sandstone, Minn., Kettle River near ...... 112-113 

Sandy River below Sandy Lake Reservoir, 

Minn ..........••....•......•..•. 74-75 

Sangamon River at Monticello, III........... 230 

at Riverton, Ill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 

near Oakforrl, III. • • • . • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • . • 232-233 

Second-feet, definltlon of..................... 11 

per square mile, definltlon of .•.•..•..... 11-12 

Seville, Ill., Spoon River at ...•.•...•...... 229-230 

Shelburne Lake, Mont., Swiftcurrent Creek 

at ••.........•.......•........... 29-31 

Shelbyville, Ill., Kaskaskia River at......... 234 

Shoal Creek near Dreese, III.. .............. 238-239 

Silver Creek near Lebanon, Ill •.....•...•.. 239-240 

Skunk River at Co~·ck, Iowa .........•.. 219-221 

Snake River near Pwe City, Minn •••.•.•.. 114-115 

Somerset, WI~ •• ·Apple River near .••...•.• 115-119 

Soul<\, S. B., work of......................... 19 

South Elgin, Ill., Fox River at.............. 227 

Spoon River at Seville, Ill ........•.....•.. 229-230 

Stellar, 0. A., work of....................... 19 

Stevenson, W. B., work of .••................ 18,19 

Stevens Point, Wis., Plover River near .... 183-184 

Stewart, J. D., work of...................... 19 

Stone City, Iowa, Wapsipinicon River at .. 195-197 

Stratford, Wis., Big Eau Pleine River near.. 182 

Stream-flow data, papers on................. 9-10 

Stream measurements, list of papers containing.......................... 10 

Streator, III., Vermilion River near ..•••••• 228-229 

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis •......••• 205-207 

Swiftcurrent Creek at McDermott Lake, 

Mont ......•...........•••..••••• 28-29 

at Shelburne Lake, Mont ..••••••...••••• 29-31 

S'l\ias, Wis., St. Croix River at •• '········· 105-107 

T. Page: 

Terms, definition of ....•......•.•.•........• 11-12 

Thief River Falls, Minn., Red Lake River at. 40-41 

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn •••• 44-46 

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis......... 175 

Tower, Minn., Vermilion River below Lake 

Vermilion, near •••••... , •.•.•.•• 64---M 

Trego, Wis., Namakagon River at •••.•.••• 109-110 

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis •.••••.•• 151-163 

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa ...........•. 189-190 

Twin Valley, Minn., Wild Rice Rlverat ..•• 37-39 

Two Rivers, South Branch of, at Hallock, 

Minn ••..•.•.•.•.••••.••••••••••• 49-50 

- u. 

United States Reclamation Service, cooperation of........................... 18 

University, N.Dak., evaporation at ••.•••••. li7-58 

Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa...... 164 

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin, 

stream flow ln. . . . . • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 69-242 

v. 

Vandalia, III., Kaskaskia River at........... 23li 

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near 

Tower, Minn ........•...•..•.••. 64---M 

near Streator, III. .........••.••.•..•••• 228-229 

Volga River at Elkport, Iowa............... 242 

w. 

Walters, M. 1., work of...................... 19 

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa .• 195-197 

Watertown, Wis., Rock River at .........• 197-198 

Watson, Minn., Chippewa niver near •.•.• 100-102 

Wausau, Wis., Little Rib River near •....• 177-179 

Webster, Wis., Yellow River at ....•..• ~ •. 110-111 

Welch, Minn., Cannon River at .......•••• 119-120 

West Salem, Wis., La Crosse River near ••• 156-158 

Wild Rir.e River at Twin Valley, Minn .••••• 37-39 

Willard, E. V., work of...................... 1.8 

Winter, Wis., Chippewa River at Bishop's 

bridge near ..................•. 121-125 

West Fork of Chippewa River at LesS!lfds, near Winter, ,~-Is ....... 131-l3li 

Wisconsin River at highway bridge, Grand 

Rapids, Mich.................... 243 

at Merrill, Wis ..•...•...•.••..••..•..• 167-169 

at Muscoda, Wis .......••..••.•.....•. 172-174 

near Necadah, Wis...................... 1i1 

near Nekoosa, Wis...................... 170 

near Rhinelander, W!s .....•...•....•. 165-166 

Wisconsin River drainage basin, miscellaneous measurements ln............ 243 

Wisconsin State Railroad Commission, cooperation of........................ 18 

Woo1, B. D., work of....................... 19 

Y. 

Yellow River at Webster, Wis .....••...... 110-111 

z. 

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn ..... 146-148 

South Branch of, near Zumbro Falls, 

Minn.. . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149-150 
--· 
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS 

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES 

PART V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSfSSIPPI RIVER 

DRAINAGE BASINS 

STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLI.CATIO:KS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES, 1885-1914. 

INTRODUCTION. 

Investigation· of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume of 

How of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects ti.s 

irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these inveatigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, and annual reports. 

The results of stream-How measurements are now published 

annually in 12 parts, each par~ covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with natural drainage 1eatures as indicated below: 

·Part I. North Atlantic basins. 

II. South-Atlantic and ea$tern Gulf of M:exico basins. 

III. Ohio River basin. i 

IV. St. Lawrence River basin. i 

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins. 

VI. M1ssouri River basin. 

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin.!' 

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins 

IX. Colorado River basin. 

X. Great Basin. 

XI. Pacific basins in California. I 

XII. North Pacific basins (publishe~ in three volumes). 

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED. 

Water-supply papers and ot~er publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing dlata in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below. 

1. Copies may be obtained fr~e of charge by applying to the Director of the Geological Survey, W *hington, D. C. The edition printed 

for free distribution is, however, small, and is soon exhausted. 

2. Copies may be purchased at nom,inal cost f:r;om the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 

who will on application furnish lists giving prices. 

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States. m 
STBEAlii-GAGING STATIONS, ET0.1 1885-1014. 

4. Qomplete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows: 

Albany, N.Y., Room 18, Federal Building. 

-Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building. 

Boston, Mass., Custom House. 

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capital Building. 

Madison, Wis., Capital Building. 

Helana, Mont., Montana National Bank Building. 

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building. 

Salt Lake City, Utah, Federal Building. 

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building. 

Phoenix, Ariz., 417 Fleming Building. 

Austin, Tex., Old Post Office Building. 

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building. 

Tacoma, Wash., Federal Building. 

San Francisco, Cal., 505 Customhouse. 

Los Angeles, Cal., Federal Building. 

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building. 

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C. 

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS. 

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 3,400 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports tabulated below: 

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A-Annual Report; B-:-Bulletln; ws-water-Supply Paper.] 

Report. Character of data. 

lOth A, pt. 2............ Descriptive Information ouly .•.....•..•.••.....•.........•••••. 11th A, pt. 2. • . . . . • . • . . Monthly discharge and descriptive information. ••.•..•...•....•. 

12th A, pt. 2 •.............•• do •• ······················:--······························ 

13th A, pt. 3. • . . . . . . . . . Mean discharge ln second-feet •..••.•.••••••••••••••....•.•.••••. 

:Hth A, pt. 2. • • • • • • • . •• Monthly discharge (long-time records, 18n to 1813) •••••••••••••• 

B 131. ••••• , • • • . • . • • • • • Descriptions measurements, gage heights, and ratings •••••• , •••. 16th A, pt. 2 • • • . . . . . • . . D83Crlptlve Information only .•••.•.....•.•.••.•••.•..••.•.•.•.• B 140. • • • . • . • . . • • • . • . . . Descriptions, measurements, gage h&ights, ratings, and monthly 

Y~. 

1884 to Sept., 1890. 

1884 to June ao. 

18111. 

1881 to Dec. 31, 

1892. 

1888 to Dec.lll, 

1893. 

1893 and I.S94. 

1895. 

dischante (also many data covering earliet years). · WS 11 ••••••••...•.•. ~ . Gage heuihts (also gage heights for earlier years). . . . . . • • • . • • • . . . . 1896. 

18th A, pt. 4........ •. . De3criptions, measurements, ratings, and. monthly discharge 1895 and 1896. 

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

WS 11>.. ••••••••••••••• Descriptions, measurements, and gage hel~hts, eastern United 1119'1. 

States, eastarn Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

WS 16 ••••.••.......... Descriftlons, measurement.~, and gage heights, western Ml~ "1897. 

sipp River below junction of Missouri ana Platte, and western 

19th A, pt. 4 ••.....•••. 

WB-27 •••.•.•.•.....••• 

ws-28 .. ·~ .•............ 

20th. A, pt. 4 ••••.•••••• WS:35 to 39 •••••••••••• 21st A, pt. 4 ........... . WS47to52 •••••••••..• 

lrnlted States. · Descriptions! measurements, ratings, and monthly dischllriJ.6 1897. 

(alsO some ong-time records). 

Measurements, ratings, and ~tage heights, eastarn United l!JII8; 

States, eastern Mlsslss!W,i R1ver, and Missouri River. 

M::S':tf:f2=~. -~~-~~~~~:-~~-~~*!_~. 18118.• 

Monthly discharge (also for many earlier yearsJ·, •• : • • ; •• ,:. ; • • • . . }=: ~~;gs;~~;~~~~~:~.e-~~~~~:~-~~::::::::::: J.SW. 

Descriptions, measurements, i8i6 hefihts, and rat~;~~~~~~ .•• ·• ... _ 1QQCf. 
:S:UDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. V 

Strea:m-flow data in reports of the United 8tate8 Geological Survey-Continued. 

Report. Character of data. Year. 

22d A, pt. 4. • , . . . . . . . . . Monthly discharge. • • . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . • . • • . • . • . . . . . 1900. 

WS 65, 66......... . . . . . Descri8tions measurements, gage heights, and ratings........... 1901. 

~~g~-~-ro5::::::::::: -~~~~~~~t~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~i: WS 124 to 135 ................ do......................................................... 1904. 

WS 165 to 178 •.............. do •••.......•.........•........................•..•........ 1905 •. WS 201 to 214 •.............. do......................................................... 1906. 

WS 241 to 252 ................ do ..•...•.................•.........................•...... 1907-8. 

WS 261 to 272 ••............. do......................................................... 1909. 

WS 281 to 292.......... . ... do......................................................... 1910. 

WS301to312 •.............. do •.•....•.....•........................................ : .. 1911. 

WS321 to332a .•............ do •••.•......•....•.....•.•.................. ~ ..•.......... 1912. 

WS3.'i1 to362<> .............. do .•................•......................•............... 1913. 

WS 381 to 394 •.............. do .••...........................•...•.............••.•.•... 1914. 

" In preparation. 

N ou.-No data regarding stream flow are given In the 15th and 17th annual reports. 

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119. 

The following table gives by years and drainage basins the numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1914. The data for any particular station will in general be found 

in the reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. For example, data for Machias River at Whitneyville, Me., 

1903 to 1913, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 

201, 241, 261, 281, 301, 321, and 351, which contain records for the 

New England streams from 1903 to 1913. Results of miscellaneous 

measurements are published by drainage basins. 

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area-that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. AU stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below. 

The exceptions to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi 

River, which are given in four parts, as indicated on page m, and in 

the records for large lakes, ~here it is simpler to take up the streams 

in regular order around the rim of the lake than to cross back and 

UtA awr. the :&a.a surlao&. 
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream measurements, 1899-1914. 

I II m IV v VI VII vm IX X XI m 

South North Pacific drainage baslns. 

Atlantic 

North and Hudson Atlantic eastern St. Bay and Lower Pacific Parlfic Year. coast Gulf of Ohio Lawrence 

~\':. Missouri MlssJs.. Western Colorado Great sl~ basins in Lower 

(St. ;John Mexico River. River and River. s~pi Gulf of River. Basin. in ·- Wash:a- Snake Columbia 

lUverto <lames Great ~pi Rver. Mexico. fomia. ton an River River and 

York iver Lakes. ver. Co~=la . basin. Pacific 

River). to the basins in 

Miss is- River. Oregon. sippi). 

--- 189911 ..... 35 b 35,36 36 36 36 • 36,37 37 37 d37,~ 38,• 3~ 38,f~~ 38 38 38 1900.1/ ..... 47,48 48 48&:49 49 49 49&{50 50 50 51 51 51 51 

1901 ....... ,75 65,75 ,75 65,75 l: 65,66,75 ,75 l: 65,66,75 66,75 66,~~ 66,75 66,~ 66,75 66,75 66,~ 1902 ....... 82 b 82,83 83 182,83 l: 83,85 84 

1903 ....... 97 b 97,98 98 97 l:98,99,m 100 99 1904 ....... "124,o 125, p 126,127 128 129 l: 128,130 130,!1131 p 126 

1006 ....... •165,o 166, p 167,168 169 170 171 172 p 167 

1906 ....... "201,o 202, 1>203,204 205 206 207 208 

P203 1907~ ••••. .241 242 243 244 245 246 

1909 ....... 261 262 263 264 265 266 

1910 ....... 281 282 ' 283 284 285 286 

1911.; ..... ~~ 302 303 304 305 306 

19111 ........ 322 323 324 325 326 

1913 ....... 351 352 353 354 355 356 191(~ ...... 331 382 383 384 385 336 

11 Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply ~ 39. :Sstlmates for 1899 in Twenty-first Amiual Report, Part IV. · fi JUIIIIII River only. 

• •=Rtver.· reeD alld GUllllfson rivers and Grand Rtver above junction with .Gunnison. • ohaV&~ Only. 

I et* Kern rivers and south Pacific coast basins. 1 tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, welll, JhfgatiQD;fn California and Utali conta!Iied in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estj.; 

mateS~= in 'l'W81lty-seoond Annual ReportL. Part IV. 

• W on 8114-Schuylklll rivers to lames .asiver. •SoJoto ruver. · 

1:83,84 84 85 85 85 

1:98,99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 l: 128, 13l 132 133 133,r 134 134 135 135 135 

l: 169,173 174 175,• 177 176, r 177 177 178 178 1177,178 

l: 205,209 210 211 212,• 213 213 214 214 214 

247 248 249 250,• 251 251 252 252 252 

267 268 269 270,•271 271 272 272 272 287 288 289 290 291 292 292 292 

307 308 309 310 311 S12 312 3 

327 328 329 330 331 332A 332B 3320 

357 358 359 360 361 362.'\ 362B 362C 

337 388 339 390 391 392 393 394 

I Loup and Platte rivers near Columbus, Nebr., and all tributeries below Junctl!>n 

with Platte. 1: Tributaries of Mississippi from east. l Lake Ontario and tributaries to St. Lawrence River proper. m Hudson Bay only. 

" New Englarid rivers only. . o Hudson River to Delaware River{ indusive. 

p Susquehanna River to Y adk!n R ver, inclusive. !I Platte and Kansas rivers. r Great Basin in California except Truckee and Carson river basins. • Below junction with Gila. · I Rogue, Umpqua, and Siletz rivers only. 
PART V.-IIUDSON AY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER 

RAINAGE BASINS. 

RINCIP AL STREAMS. 

The Hudson Bay d upper Mississippi River basins include 

streams whose waters each Hudson Bay and the Mississippi above 

its junction with the O:hio (except the Missouri). The principal 

streams flowing into Hudson Bay from the United States are St. 

Mary River, Red River, and Rainy River. The principal tributaries 

of the upper Mississippi are Crow Wing, Sauk, Crow, Rum, Minnesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Zumbro, Black, Root, Wisconsin, W apsipinicon, Rock, Iowa, Des Moines, Illinois, and Kaskaskia rivers. 

These streams drain wholly or in part the States of Illinois, Indiana, 

Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin. 

In addition to the list of gaging stations and the annotated list of 

publications relating specifically to the section, these pages contain a 

similar list of reports that are of general interest in many sections 

and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects, and also brief references 

to reports published by State and other organizations. (See pp . 

.xvn-xxv.) 

GAGING STATIONS. 

NoTE.-Dash after a date Indicates that station was befllg maintained September 30, 1914. Period 

after a date Indicates discontinuance. 

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BABIN'. 

St. Mary River near Babb (formerly da.m site), Mont., 1902-

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 1901-2; 1910-

St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, 1902-

Swiftcurrent Creek near Babb (formerly Wetzel), Mont., 1902-1910. 

Swiftcurrent Creek at McDermott Lake, Mont., 1912-

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne Lake, Mont., 1912-

Kennedy Creek near Babb (formerly Wetzel), Mont., 1903-1907. 

OttertaifRiver at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1913-

0ttertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1904-1913. 

Red River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1909-10. 

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., 1901-

Red River at Grand Forks, N.Dak., 1901-

Red River at Pembina, N. Dak., 1901. 

Red River at Emerson, Manitoba, 1900-1902. 

Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 190g,...1912. 

Sheyenne River at Haggart, N.Dak., 1902-1907. 

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.,l909-

Devilo lAke Jle&.r Devils Lake_. N. Dak., lOOl-1912. 
STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETO., 1885-1914. 

Bed River tributaries-Continued. 

Bed Lake River at Thie! River Falls, Minn., 1909-

Red Lake River at <1rookstoii, Minn., 1901-

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., 1909-

Clea.rwater River at Red Lake Falll', Minn., 1909-

South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, :Minn., 1911-

Pem.bina River at Neche, N. Dak., 1903-

Rosea.u River at Dominlon City, Canada, 1912-

West Rranch of Roseau River, near Malung, Minn., 1911-1914. 

Mouse River near Foxholm, N. Dak., 1904-1900. 

Mouee River at Minot, N. Dak., 190_3-

Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Da.k., 1904-1906. 

Balny Lake at Balnier, Minn., 191oRainy River at International Falls, Minn., 1907-

Verinilion River below Lake Vermilion, neac Tower, Minn.; 1911-

J.ittle Fork at Little Fork, Minn.; 1909-

Big Fork at Big Falls, Minn., 1909-1912. 

Big Fork at Laurel, Minn., 1909. 

Black River near Loman, Minn., 1909. 

'CPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 

Mississippi River above Sandy River, Minn., 1895-

Mississippi River near Fort Ripley, Afinn., 1909-10. 

Mississippi River uear Sauk Rapids, Minn., 1903-1906. 

lfissiseippi River at Anoka, Minn., 1905-1914. 

lfiasissippi River at St. Paul, Minn., 1873-

Sa.ndy River below Sandy I.ake Reservoir, Minn., 1893-

Pine River below Pine River Reservoir, Minn., 1886-

Pra.irie River near ~rand Rapids, Minn., 1909. 

Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn.,J91Q-1914. 

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., 1909; 1913- . 

Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn., 1903; 1909-1913. 

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., 1909- · 

SaWc River near St. Cloud, Minn., 1909-1913. 

. -Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., 1911 ... 

Crow River at Rockford River, Minn., 1909-

Crow River near Dayton, Minn., 1906. 

North Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., 1909-10, 

South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., 1909-1912. 

Rum River at Onamia, Minn., 1909-1912. 

Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Rum River at St. Francis, Minn., 1903. 

Rum River near Anoka, Minn., 1905-6; 1909. 

Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., 1909-

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., 1903-

Whetstone River near Big Stone, S.Dak., 191Q-1912. 

Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn., 191QChippewa River near Watson, Minn., 1909- .. 

Redwood River near Redwood FaJ.Is, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Cottonwood River near New UlJ:n, Minn., tgo&:.J.9lB, -BlJle~ RiWl" .-B.a.pi.da.n Kills, lJiun.; JSO&-JD. ,... 6ob: B.iwr a& sWiaa, Wl&., i914-, · :· · . 
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. IX 

Mississippi River tributaries-Continued. 

St. Croix River near St. Croix: Falls, Wis., 1902-1905; 1910-

Nam.akagon River at Trego, Wis., 1914-

Yellow River at Webster, Wis., 1914. 

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., 1908-

Snake River at Mora, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Snake River near Pine City, Minn., 1913-

Apple River near Somerset, Wis., 1901-

Cannon River at Welch, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Chippewa River above East Fork, near Winter, Wis., 1911-1913. 

Chippewa River below East Fork, near Winter, Wis., 1912-

Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis., 1913-

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., 1888-

Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis., 1902-1909. 

West Fork of Chippe-::-a JUver near Winter, Wis., 1911-1913. 

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., 1914-

Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., 1914. 

Flambeau River at Ladysmith, Wis., 1903-1906. 

Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., 1914-

Eau Claire River near Eau Claire, Wis., 1913-14. 

Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., 1914-

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis., 1909-

Red Cedar River at Menominee, Wis., 1907-8; 1913-

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., 1909-

South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., 1911-

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., 1913-

Black River at Neillsville, Wis., 1905-1909; 1913-

Black River at Melrose, Wis., 1902-3. 

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., 1913-

Root River near Houston, Minn., 1909-

North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., 1910-

Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa, 1913-

Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis., 1905-

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., 1902-

Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis., 1914-

Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis., 1902-1914. 

Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., 1902-3; 1913-

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., 1914-

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., 1914-

Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis., 1914-

Eau Claire River at Kelley, Wis., 1914-

Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis., 1914-

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., 1914-

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., 1913-

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., 1913-

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa, 1913-

Maquoketa River above mouth of North Fork, near Maquoketa, Iowa, 1913-

Maquoketa River at Manchester, Io-;a, 1903. 

Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork, near Maquoketa, Iowa, 1913-11. 

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, 1903-1914. 

Rock River at Watertown, W:is., 1914. 

Rock River at Afton, Wis., 1914-

Rock River above mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, Ill., 1903. 

Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, Ill., 1903-1909. 

97825°-WSP 385-15-17 
X STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. 

Mississippi River tributaries-Continued. 

Rock River-at Rockford, Ill., 1914-

Rock River near Nelson, Ill., 1906. 

Rock River at Sterling, Ill., 1905-6. 

Catfish River at Madison, Wis., 1902-3. 

Lake Mendota at Madison, Wis., 1902-3. 

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., 1914-

Pecatonica River at Freeport, Ill., 1914-

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., 1914-

lowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa, 1911-1914. 

Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, 1903. 

Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, 1903-1906; 1913-

Cedar River near Austin, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Red Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, 1905-6. 

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1902-

Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, 1913-

Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., 19~9-1913. 

Des Moines River at Fort Dodge, Iowa, 1905-6; 1911-1913. 

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, 1902-3; 190fHl. 

Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, 1913-14. 

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, 1903-1906; 1911-

Raccoon River near Des Moines, Iowa, 1902-3. 

Illinois River near Minooka, Ill., 1902-1904. 

Illinois River near Seneca, Ill., 1902-3. 

Illinois River near Ottawa, Ill., 1902-1904. 

Illinois River near La Salle, Ill., 1902-3. 

Illinois River near Peoria, Ill., 1903-1906. 

Kankakee River at Davis, Ind., 1905-6. 

Kankakee River at Momence, Ill., 1905-6. 

Yellow River at Knox, Ind., 1905-6. 

Des Plaines River at Riverside, Ill., 1896-1898. 

Des Plaines River above mouth of Jackson Creek, near Channahon, Ill., 

1003-1906. 

Des Plaines River, above Kankakee r.ivcr, ncar Channahon, Ill., 1902-3. 

Des Plaines River at Romeo, Ill., 1914-

Des Plaines River at Joliet, Ill., 1914-

Fox River at South Elgin, Ill., 1914-

Fox River at Aurora, Ill., 1914-

Fox River at Sheridan, Ill., 1905-6. 

Fox River at Ottawa, Ill., 1903. 

Vermilion River near Danville, Ill., 1904. 

Vermilion River ncar Streator, Ill., 1914-

S)oon River at Seville, Ill., 1914. 

S:~.ngamon River at Monticello, Ill., 1908-1912; 1914-

S:mgamon River at Decatur, Ill., 1905. 

S:mgamon River at Riverton, Ill., 1908-1912; 1914-

S:mgamon River at Springfield, Ill., 1903. 

S:mgamon River ncar Oakford, Ill., 1909-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River near Chandlerville, Ill., 1903-9. 

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, Ill., 1908-1912; 1914-

Salt Creek near Kenny, Ill., 1908-1912. 

Cahokia Creek at Poag, Ill., 1909-1912. 

Kaskaskia River ncar Arcola, Ill., 1908-1912. 

Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, III., 1908-1912; 1914-
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. XI 

Miseissippi River tributaries-Continued. 

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, lll., 190s-1912; 1914-

Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, Ill., 190s-1912; 1914-

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, Ill., 1907-1912; 1914-

Shoal Creek near Breese, Ill., 1909-1912; 1914-

Silver Creek near Lebanon, Ill., 190s-1912; 1914-

Big Muddy River near Cambon, Ill., 190s-1912. 

Big Muddy River at Plumfield, Ill., 1914-

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, Ill., 1908-1912; 1914-

REPORTS ON WATER RESOUltCES OF THE HUD.SON BAY AND 

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS. 

Water-5Upply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts; An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may ,ho;rever, 

be purchased (at prices noted) from the SUPERINTENDENT oir·DoCUMENTS, W ASli!NGTON, D. C. Omfs. 

sion of the price indicates that the rE:port Is not obtainable from Government sources. Water-5Upply 

papers are of octavo size. 

*21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis. (Con· 

tinued in No. 26.) 

Discusses by counties, glaci~l deposits and sources of well waters; many well sectlcms. 

57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Mon~), 

by N.H. Darton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c. 

61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c. 

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, dmmeter, yield, and head of water in borinp 

more than 400 feet deep. A revised edition was published in 1905 as Water-Supply Paper 149 ( q. v .). 

96. Destructive floods in the United States in 1903, by E. C. Murphy. 1904. 81 pp., 

. 13 pis. 15c. 

Conta!ns notes on early fioods in Mississippi Valley, 

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. SOc. 

Contains brief reports on wells imd springs of Minnesota and Missouri. 

The reports comprise tabulated '1'1'"811 records giving information as to location, OWner, depth, 

yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sas, materW penetrat.!d, temperature, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses. 

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c. 

Contains brief reports as follows: Missouri, by E. M. Shepard; Iowa, by W. Ii:. Norton; MJnne. 

sota, by C. W. Hall; Wisconsin di~trict, by Alfred R. Schultz; Illinois, by Frank Leverett; Indiana, 

by Frank Leverett; each of these reports describes briefly the topography of the area, the relation of the geology to the water supplies, and gives list of pertinent publications; lists also principal mineral springs. 

117. The lignite of North Dakotaanditsrelation to irrigation, by F. A. Wilder. 1905. 

59 pp., 8 pis. 10c. 

De3cribes the thickness, extent, variations, and fuel value of the llgnite and its use for pumplllg 

water, the area, soils and llgnite of the river fiats, and the status of Irrigation iD. the Stste. 

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. 

Contains two reports relating to areas draining to Hudson Bay or upper Mississippi River: 

Water .r&SQurces of l{ineral ro.int quadrangle, Wisconsin, by U. S. Grant. Describes springs, 

streams, and shallow and deep wells. . . . , , 

Water supplies at Waterloo, Iowa, by W. H. Norton. Su11111111rizes results of investlgatiims to 

determine avallablllty of artesian water to replace the surface supply from Cedar River; dlscussel 

necessity of test wells, supplementaey supplies, artesian head, amd perma1liiJ1C7 of 1low. 
xn STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. 

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition with additions, by N.H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. 10c. . Given by States (and within the States by COQilties), tbe location, depth, dlllmeter, yield, belght 

of water; and other features of wells 400 feet or more In depth; Includes all wells listed In WaterSupply Papers 57 and 61; JilentioDs also principal publications relating to deep borings. 

156. Water powers of northem Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith. 1906. 144pp., 5pls. 25c. 

Describes by river systems the drllinllge, geology, topography, raln1all, andrun-o11, water powers, 

and dams. 

*162. Destructive :floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussi.on of :flood discharge and frequency and an index of :flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pls. 15c. 

Contains aooounts of !l.oods In southeastern Minnesota, on Devils Creek, Iowa, and In Des Moines 

County, Iowa; gives estimates of ftood discharge and frequency on Illinois River and on Mississippi River at St. Paul; gives also Index to literature on ftoods on American streams. 

*193. The quality of surface waters in Minnesota, by R. B. Dole and F. F. Wesbrook. 

1907. 171 pp., 7 pls. 25c. 

Describes by river basins tbe topography, geology, and soils, tbe Industrial and municipal pollution of tbe streams, and gives notes on tbe municipalities; contains many analyses. 

*194. Pollution of IlliD.ois and Mississippi Rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. 0. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pls. 40c. 

Scope Indicated by ampliflcation of title. 

*195. Underground waters of Missouri, their geology and utilization, by E. M. Shepard. 

1907. 224 pp., 6 pls. 30c. 

Describes tbe topography and geology of tbe State, the waters of the various formations, and 

discusses tbe water supplies by districts and counties, gives statistics of city water supplies, 

analyses of waters, and many well records. 

*227. Geology and underground waters of South Dakota, by N. H. Darton. 1909. 

156 pp., 15 pls. 40c. 

Describes physical features, geologic formations, water horizons, and, by Counties, deep wells 

and well prospects; gives notes on construCtion and management of artesian wells. 

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States:. Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. 10c. 

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of Mississippi, 

Minnesota, Chippewa, Wisconsin, Rock, Iowa, Cedar, Des Moines, Illinois, Kankakee, Fox, 

Sangamon, Kaskaskia, and Big Muddy rivers. 

239. The quality of the surface waters of Illinois, by W. D. Collins. 1910. 94 

pp., 3 pls. 10c. 

Discusses the natural and economic features tbet determine tbe character of the streams, 

describes tbe larger drllinllge basins, and the methods of collecting and analyzing the samples 

of water, and discusses each river In detail with reference to its source and course and tbe quality 

of water; Includes short chapters on municipal supplies and Industrial uses. · 

254. The underground waters of north-central Indiana, by S. R. C'apps, with a 

chapter on the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 1910. 

279 pp., 7 pls. 40c. 

Describes relief, drllinllge, vegetation, sons, and crops, industrial development, geologic form&-

tlons; sources, movements, occurrence, and volume of ground water; methods of well construotlon and lifting devices; discusses, in detail for each county, surface features and drllinllge, 

geology and ground water, city; village, and rural supplies, and gives records of wells and 

analyses of waters. Discusses also, under chemical character, methods of analyses and expression of results, mineral constituents, etrect of tbe constituents on waters for domestic .and 

industrial and medicinal uses, methods of purification, ohemfcal compositfon; many analyses 

and field llllllllys. 
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. Xlii 

256. Geology and underground waters of southern Minnesota, by C. W. Hall, 0. E. 

Meinzer, and M. L. Fuller. 1911. 406 pp., 18 pis. 60c. 

Discusses the physiography of the State, geologic formations and their water-bearlng capacity, 

artesian conditions, the mineral quality of the underground waters, types of wells, ftnishing 

wells in sand, drilling in quartzite, fluctuation in yield and head, ''blowing" and "breathing" 

wells; freezing of wells, drainage by wells, hydraulic rains, and scientific prospecting for water, 

municipal supplies; power; storage and distribution; consumption of water; prices; sanitation. 

Gives by counties details concerning surface features, rocks, yield, head, and quality of water, 

and summaries and analyses. • 

293. Underground water resources of Iowa, by W. H. Norton, W. S. Hendrixson. 

H. E. Simpson, 0. E. Meinzer, and others. 1912. 994 pp., 18 pis. 70c. 

Describes the relief, drainage, temperature, and precipitation of the State and the geologic 

formations; discusses the geologic occurrence of underground waters, artesian phenomena and 

and yield of artesian wells, the chemical composition of underground waters, municipal, 

domestic, and industrial water supplies, and mineral waters; gives details concerning topography, geology, gnderground waters, and city and village supplies by districts and counties. 

345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. Contains: 

(i) Gazetteer of surface waters of Iowa, by H. J. Ryan, pp. 169--221. 

ANNUAL REPORTS. 

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form. 

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. 

*Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1894-95. 4 parts. 

*Pt. II. Papers of an economic character, pp. xix, 598, 43 pis. $1.25. Contains: 

The public lands and their water supply, by F. H. Newell, pp. 457-533, Pis. XXXV to 

XXXIX. Describes general character of the public lands, the lands disposed of (railroad, grant, 

and swamp lands, and private miscellaneous entries), lands reserved (Indian, forest, and military 

reservations), the vacant lands, and the rate of disposal of vacant lands; discusses the streams, 

wells, and reservoirs as sources of water supply; gives details for each State. 

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director, 1896: 3 partsin4 vols. *Pt. II. Economic geology and 

hydrography, pp. xxv, 864, 113 pis. $2.35. Contains: 

Preliminary report on artesian waters of a portion of the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, pp. 603-694, 

pis. bdx to cvii. Gives an outline of the geologic relations; describes the water horizons and 

the extent of the artesian water, and gives details concerning wells and prospects by counties; 

discusses the origin, amount, pressure, head, and composition of the artesian waters. the use of 

artesian water for power, and gives details concerning artesian irrigation by counties; contains 

also remarks on the construction and management of artesian wells. 

*The water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, pp. 69.'>-849, pis. cviii to cxiii. Describes 

the physical features of the State, and the drainage basins, including Illinois, Des Plaines, Kankakee, Fox, Illinois, Vermilion, Spoon, Mackinaw, and Sangamon rivers, Macoupin Creek, Rock 

River, tributaries of the Mississippiin western Illinois, Kaskaskia, Big Muddy, and tributaries of 

the Wabash; discusses the rainfall and run-off, navigable waters and water powers, the wells 

supplying water for rural districts, and artesian wells; contains tabulated artesian well data and 

water analyses. 

Eighteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1896-97, 5 parts in 

6 vola., *Pt. IV, Hydrography, pp. x, 756, 102 pis. $1.75. Contains: 

*The water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett, pp. 419--560, pis. xxxiil to xxxvil. 

Describes the Wabash, Whitewater, Great Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Hocking, Muskingum, 

and Beaver rivers, streams and lesser tributaries of the Ohio in ludiana and Ohio, the streams 

discharging into Lake Erie and, Lake Michigan, and streams flowing to the upper Mississippi 

through the Illinois, discuss shallow and drift wells, the flowing wells from the drift and deeper 

artesian wells, and gives records of wells at many of the cities; describes the mineral springs, and 

gives analyses of the waters; contains also tabulated lists of cities using surface waters for waterworks, and of cities and villages using shallow and deep well waters; discusses the source and 

quality of the city and village supplies; and gives precipitation tables for various points. 
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. 

DlJLI.ETINS. 

An asterisk (*) Indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of .the paper is exhausted. Many of the papilrs 

SO marked may. be purchased from the SUI'EBINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, W ABIIINGTON, D. C. 

264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106 pp. 10c. 

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Dlinois and Iowa, and detalled records of wells In Boone, Dupage, Henry, and La Salle 

counties, Ill., and Des Moines and Scott counties, Iowa. These wells were selected because they 

give definite stratigraphic Information. 

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 1906. 

299 pp. 25c. 

Gives an account of progress In the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

record 1 of well in Dlinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South. Dakota, 

and Wisconsin; and detailed records of wells in Brown, Hancock, La Salle, Pike, and Schuyler 

counties, Dl.; Blackhawk, Floyd, Louisa, Mahaska, Scott, and Wapello counties, Iowa; and 

Hennepin, Ottertail, and Pine counties, Minn. The wells of which detailed sections are given 

were selected because they afiord valuable stratigraphic information. 

GEOI.OGIC FOI.IOS. 

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles bounded by certain meridians a11d 

parallels, and these quadrangles, which 11umber several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, arid the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute a Geologic Atlas of the United States. 

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maptl showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of hills and valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The areal-geology 

map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structural-geology 

map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. 'Ihe economicgeology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. 

The artesian-water map shows the depth to underground-water horizons. Economicgeology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the conditions in the areas 

mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special interest to students of 

geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization 

of mineral resources. 

The folios numbered from 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 

22 inches), called the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher 

than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in 

the Geological Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or 

less damaged by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are uaable. They 

will be sold at the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale 

orders. This rate applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), 

also to the library edition of folio 186. The library edition of folios 185, 187, and 

higher numbers sells for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an 

unusually large amount of matter sell at higher prices. 'Ih.e octavo edition of folio 

l Index maps showing areas In the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins covered. by topographic maps and by geologic folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the DireCtor, U. S. 

Gtological Survey, WashiiJiton, D, C. 
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. XV 

185 and higher humbers sells for 50 cents a copy. A discount of 40 per cent is 

allowed on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic maps amounting 

to $5 at the retail rate. 

All the folios conta_in descriptions of the drain£-ge of the quadrr..ngles. 'fhe folios 

in the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters in connection with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning 

the utilization of the water resources. 

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted. 

117. Casselton-Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota. 

Gives a somewhat detailed account of the water supply, including descriptions and logs of 

principal wells and tabulated well records; contains artesian-water maps showing areas which 

will probably yield fiowing wells. 

*145. Lancaster-Mineral Point, Wisconsin-Iowa-Illinois. 

Discusses the springs, shallow and deep wells, streams and water power; gives analyses of 

artesian water from well at Dubuque, Iowa. 

168. Jamestown-Tower (Jamestown, Eckelson,· and Tower quadrangles), North 

Da::::ota.1 

Discusses shallow, deep, and artesian wells; head, pressure, power, volume, and character of 

the water, and gives a tabulated list of representative wcl:s; contains an arttsian-water map 

showing areas in which fiowing wells may probably be obtained. 

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS. 

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources of 

the various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining to the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins are the 

reports of the State surveys of Illinois and North Dakota, the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey and the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, the illinois Water-Supply Commission, and the 

Rivers and Lakes Commission of illinois, and the water-power report 

of the Tenth Census (vol. 17). The following reports deserve special 

mention: 

Contributions to the physical geography of the United States, Part I,· On the physical geography of the Mississippi Valley, with suggestions for the improvement of navigation of the Ohio and other rivers, by Charles Ellet, jr.: Smithsonian Pub. 13, Washington, 1850. · 

The Mississippi and Ohio rivers, by Charles H. Ellet. 1853. 

Report upon the physics and hydraulics of the Mississippi River, by A. A. Humphreys and H. L. Abbott, 1876. 

The mineral content of Illinois waters, by Edward Bartow, J. A. Udden, S. W. 

Parr, and George T. Palmer: Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 10, 1909. 

Water resources of the East St. Louie district, by Isaiah Bowman: Illinois State 

Ged. Survey Bull. 5, 1907. 

Chemical and biological survey of waters of Illinois, by Edward Bartow: Univ. 

Illinois Pub. 3, 6, 7, 1906-1909. 

Chemical survey of the waters of Illinois, report for the years 1897-1902, by A. W. 

Palmer, with report on Geology of Illinois as related to its water supply, by Charles 

W. Rolfe: Univ. Illinois Pub. 

1 Issued in two editions. (Seep. XIV.) Specify which editi<Jn is wanted. 
XVI STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914:. 

Rep(>rt &D,d plans for the reclamation of lands subject to overflow' in the KMkl!.l!kia 

River Va.lley, Illinois; begun under the direction of the lnternal Improvement Commission; completed &D,d published under the direction of the RiWl'B &D,d Lakes Commission of Illinois, by Jacob A. Harmon. 1912. 

Diversion of the waters of the Great Lakes by way of the sa.nita.ry &D,d ship canal of 

Chicago: A brief of the facts &D,d issues, by; Lym&D, E. Cooley, Chicago, 1913. 

The State of Missouri va. the State of Illinois &D,d the Sa.nita.ry district of Chicago, · 

before FrankS. Bright, Commissioner of the Supreme Court of the United States. 1904. 

The mineral waters of Indiana, their location, origin, &D,d character, by W. S. Blatchley: Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Twenty-sixth Ann. Rept., 1901. 

Report on the water resources investigation of Minnesota by the State Drainage 

Commission, 1910. 

Report of the commission on conservation [Montana] on bills relating to the public 

lands, water rights, and the protection and preservation of the forests, 1911. 

Governor's meBBage relating to conservation [in Montana] on bills relating to public 

lands, water rights, and the protection and preservation of the forests. 

Watsr resources of the Devils Lake region, North Dakota, by E. J. Babcock: North 

Dakota Geol. Survey, Second Bienn. Rept., 1903. 

The water powers of Wisconsin, by Leonard S. Smith: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. 

Hist. Survey Bull. 20. Madison,.Wis., 1908. 

Report of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin to the Legislature on water powers: 

Madison, Wis., 1915. · 

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

organizations, and most of them can be consulted in the public 

libraries of the larger cities. 
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. XVII 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL 

INTEREST. 

The following list comprises reports not readily classifiable by drainage basins and covering a wide range of hydrologic investigations: 

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS. 

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis. 

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation. 

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. lOc. (See WaterSupply Paper 22.) 

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France and sewage purification in the United 

States. 

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc. 

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Kansas; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions. 

*14. New tests of certain l?umps and water lifts used in irrigation, by 0. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pl. lOc. 

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types. 

*20. Experiments with .windmills, by T. 0. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c. 

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, makes comparisons of wheels of several types 

and discusses results. 

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pls. 15c. 

Gives resume of Water-Supply Paper No. 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and describes 

American sewage disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications relating to 

sewage, utilization and disposal. 

32. Water resources of Puerto Rico, by H. M. Wilson. 1899. 48 pp., 17 pis. 15c. 

Describes briefly topography, climate, rivers, irrigation methods, soils, forestation, water 

pawer, and transportation facilities. 

*41. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72 pp., 14 pls. 15c. 

*42. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp., 2 pis. lOc. 

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types. 

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pls. 15c. 

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 pls. 

15c. 

Gives elevations and di~tance.along rivers of the United States; also brief descriptions of many 

of the streams. Arrangement geographic. Many river profiles are scattered through other 

reports on surface waters in various parts of the United States. 

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pls. 15c. 

Describes the methods used by the survey in 1901-2. (See also Nos. 64, 94, and 95.) 

64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) 10c. 

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing streamflow 

and compares results obtained with the difierent instruments and methods; describes a!sa experiments and results l}t the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95. 
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. 

*67. The motions of underground waters,. by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c. 

Discusses origin, depth, and amount or ground waters; permeability of rocks and porosity of 

soDs; causes, rates, and laws of motions of ground water; surface and deep zones of flow, and 

recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the shape and position 

of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing well. 

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. 0. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp:, 8 pls. 10c. 

Defines ''normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution, 

77. The water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren. 

1903. 62 pp., 4 pls. 1Qc. 

Describes topography and geology of the island, the springs, running streams and wells; discusses utilization of the surface and underground waters. 

79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. 0. Leighton. 

19:>3. 192 pp. 10c. 

Defines essential qualities of water for various uses, the Impurities In rain, surface, and ground 

waters, meaning and Importance of sanitary analyses, and principal sources of pollution. 

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. 10c. 

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall, 

run-oft, and evaporation formulas; discusses eftect of forests on rainfall and run-oft. 

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c. 

First edition was published In Part II or the Twelfth Annual Report. 

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of Reclamation Senice, with accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 361 pp. 

25c. 

Contains the following papers of more or less general interest: 

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Ross. 

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien. 

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs. 

Correct design and stablllty or high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner. 

Irrigation surveys and the use of the planetable, by J. B. Lippincott. 

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas A. Means. 

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. C. 

Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904 .. 76 pp., 3 pis. 10c. 

Gives Instruction for field and office work relating to measurements or stream 1low by current 

meters. (See also No. 95.) 

95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy. 

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis. 

Describes methods or measuring and computing stream 1low and compares results derived 

from dilferent Instruments and methods. (See also No. 94.) 

103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.) 

Explafns the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classf1les according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the dilferent States. 

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. 10c. 

Contains the following reporta of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by 

its title. 

Description of underflow meter used In measuring the vciocity and dJrection of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter. 

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter. 

Approximate methods of measuring the yield or flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter. 

Corrections necessary In accurate determinations of 1low from vertical well casings, from notes 

furnished by A. N. Talbot. 

Experiment relating t~ problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. HcCallle. 

Notes on the hydroloc1 of Cuba, by H. L. Fuller. . 
HUbSON BA.Y A.ND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BA.SUTS. XIX 

113. The disposal of strawboa.rd and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

· Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c. 

The :first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade Wlllltes, describes thB 

manufa.cture ofstrawboard and gives results of various experiments In disposing of the waste. 

The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region about 

Marion, Ind., the contamination of rook wells and of streams by Wllllte oll and brine. 

114. Underground waters of eastern United Etates; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c. 

COnt:llns report on "Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, dlscusllingsources, 

amount, and t3:n?3ratnre of waters; permeablllty and stomge capacity of rooks, water-bearing 

formations; recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps; essential conditions of artesian 

flows; and geneml conditions aftecting underground waters in eastern United States. 

115. River surveys and profiles made during 1903, by W. C. Hall and J. C. Hoyt. 

1905. 115 pp., 4 pis. 10c. 

COntains results of.surveys made to determine location of undeveloped power sites. 

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title. 

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. 10c. 

Scope indicated by title. 

122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c. 

Deflnes and !llasslfles underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to theJr nse, and 

cites States legislative acts aftecting them. 

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c. 

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water; describes measurements of underflow in Ri!l 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N.Y.; gives results of 

tests of wells and pumpmg plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction. 

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis. 

Scope lndicsted by title. 

144. The normal distribution of chlorine in the ila.tural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 31 pp., 5 pis. 10c. 

Discusses common salt In coast and inland waters; salt ·as an Index to pollution of streams and 

welL~; the solutions and methods used in chlorine determlnf!otions, and the use of the nmoal 

chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine In the New England States and New York. 

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. 10c. 

Contains brief reports orgeneral interest as follows: 

Dminage of ponds Into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capa.city of drainage wells and gives statistics of such wells In southern Michigan. 

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller. 

A convenient gege for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller. 

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F; H. Newell, chief engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c. 

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrogmphlc [water-resources] branch and the 

Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of Instruction, and many 

brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical papers by 

members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below (scope lndicsted 

by title) are of more or less general interest: 

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien. 

Power engineering applied In irrigation problems, by 0. H. EJISfp. 
XX STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. 

146. Proceedings of.second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, etc.-Continued. 

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows. 

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N.c. Grover. 

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond. 

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna. 

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Hcrton. 

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream !low, by R. E. Horton. 

Sanitary regulations governing construction eamps, by M. 0. Leighton. 

Necessity of draining irritated land, by Thos. H. Means • 

. Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means. 

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. c. Murphy. 

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy. 

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed. 

Farm-unit classi.fi.cation, by D. W. Ross. 

Cost of power for pumping Irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs. 

Records of !low at cu.T.!nt-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. T1llinghast. 

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy. 15c. 

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing crOSIH!ection area of waterways," in· 

eluding formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section. 

150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp., 38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200). 15c. 

Scope indicated by title. 

*151. Field assay of water, by M. 0. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. 10c. 

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, fron, 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States. · 

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the UDlted States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. 10c. 

Scope indicated by title. 

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Isla.nd, 

N.Y., by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pls. · 25c. 

Includes general discussion of tluctuation due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

temperature changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, frd. 

gation, dams, underground-water developments, and to in!letermlnate causes. 

*160. Underground water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. l906. 104 

pp., 1 pl. 

Gives account of work in 1905; lists of publications relating to underground waters, and con- tains ~e following brief reports of general interest: 

Signi:l.cance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by n.. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Ise.Jah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller. 

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a diacuaaion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pia. 15c. 

163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title. 

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pl. 10c. 

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, eouroes, character, and effects of e1Buentson 

streams; discusses fl.ltration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of cUspul 

of wastes without pollution. 

; 
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. XXI 

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 pp., 

2 pis. 20c. -

Scope indicated by title. 

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, by C-E. A. Winslow and 

E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 pp. 25c. 

Discusses composition, disposal, puriftootion, and treatment of sewages and recent tendencies 

in sewage.disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; descril:es cha"llCter 

of crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks,and puri11-

ootion in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography. 

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at. 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906, 36 pp., 1 pl. 10c. 

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses etfect of acid-iron liquors on sewage puriftcation processes, recovery of copperas from acid· 

iron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor. 

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pl. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title. 

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste; by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pls. 5c. 

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigatbns of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of 

amounts and character of water used, raw material and !l.n!shed product, and mechanical 

filtration. · 

*194. Pollution of Illinois and MiBSissippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of MiBBOuri v. The State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. 0. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pls. 40c. 

Scope indicated by ampli!l.cation of title. 

*196. Water supply of Nome region, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 1906, by J. C. Hoyt 

and F. F. Henshaw. 1907. 52 pp., 6 pls. 15c. 

Gives results of measurements of !!.ow of Alaskan streams, discusses available water supply 

for ditch and pipe lines and power development; presents notes for investors. 

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, revision of paper No. 150, by 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pls. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title. 

*218. Water-supply investigations in Alaska, 1906-7 (Nome and Kougarok regions, 

Seward Peninsula; Fairbanks district, Yukon-Tanana region}, by F. F. 

Henshaw and C. C. Covert. 1908. 156 pp., 12 pls. 25c. 

Describes the drainage basins, gives results of observations at the gaging stations, and discusses 

the water supply of the ditches and pipe lines, and possibilities of development; gives also 

meteorological records. 

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite-pulp waste, a study of poBSible remedies, 

by E. B. Phelps. 1908. 37 pp., 1 pl. lOc. 

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading 

t~ snggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution. 

228. Water-supply investigations of the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, 1907 and 1908 

(Fairbanks, Circle, and Rampart districts), by C. C. Covert and C. E. Ellsworth. 1909. 108 pp., 7 pls. 20c. 

DeScribes the drainage ballins; gives results of observations at gaging stations; discusses the 

water supplies of the ditChes and pipe lines and possibilities of hydraulic development. 

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 91 

pp., 1 pl. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title. 
xxn STltEAM-GAGIN'G STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. 

234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers, whose scope Is Indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, 

by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. 0. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under the 

direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. 0. Leighton; U!ldeveloped water powers, by 

M. 0. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. B. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; 

Denudation, by B. B. Dole and Berman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker. 

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. 10c. 

Discusses waste waters from wool-ooourlng, bleach1ng, and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue. 

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyaea of waters 

east of the one-hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. 10c. 

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results. 

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Ren6 

Tavernier and M. 0. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c. 

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to the 

development of water powers, and laws proposed In the French Parliament, reviews work of 

bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the French department of agriculture, 

and gives resum6 of Federal and State water-power legislation In the United States. 

255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c. 

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different 

materials; springs, and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, relative 

cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells 

and cisterns. 

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c. 

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of underground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of mill 

drilling In Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes In detail the various methods and the 

machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well waters 

and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and. measurement of depth; and costs of sinking 

wells. 

258. Underground water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911: 125 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope Indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Dralnaga by wells, by M. L. Fuller. 

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by Y. L. Fuller. 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by H. L. Fuller. 

*259. The underground waters of southwestern Ohio, by M. L. Fuller and F. G. 

Clapp, with a discuBBion of the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. 

Dole. 1912. 228 pp., 9 pis. 35c. 

Describes the topography, climate, and geology of the region, the water-bearing formations, the 

source, mode of occurrence, and head of the waters, and municipal supplies; gives details by 

counties; discusses In supplement, under chemical character, method of analysis and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrlal, or 

medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field assays. 

The matter in the supplement was also published in Water-Supply Paper 254 (The underground 

waters of north-<lllD.tral Indiana). 

274. Some stream waters of the western United Sta~s, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188 pp. 15c. 

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of a.naiylles; discusses 

aoap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation; etves 

reeults of~ of waters of the Rio Grande and of l'ecos, Gal.lfDas, and. HODilo rivers, 
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. xxm 

*280. Gaging stations maintained by the United States Geological Survey, 1888-

1910, and Survey publications relating to .water resources, compiled by 

B. D. Wood. 1912. 102 pp .. 10c. 

814. Surface water supply of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by F. F. Henshaw and G. L. 

Parker, with a sketch of the geography and geology by P. S. Smith, and a· 

description of methods of placer mining by A. H. Brooks. 1913. 817 pp., 

17 pis. 45c. 

Contains results of work at gaging stations. 

*315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1918. 84 pp., 8 

pis. 10c. 

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of v.-aterworks sys. 

tems In the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of :fUtra. 

tlon and sterilization of water, and municipal water softening. 

~18. Water resources of Hawaii, 1909-1911, by W. F. Martin and C. H. Pierce. 1913. 

552 pp., 15 pis. 50c. 

Describes the general features of the Islands and gives results of measurements of streams and 

of observations of rainlall and evaporation; contains a gazetteer. 

834. The Ohio Valley flood of. March-April, 1913, (including comparisons with some 

earlierfloods), by A. H, Horton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 32 pis. 20c. 

Although relating specltlcally to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods. 

836. Water resources of Hawaii, 1912, by C. H. Pierce and G. K. Larrison. 1914. 

392 pp. 50c. 

Contains results of stream measurements on the Islands In 1912. 

837. Theeffectsoficeonstreamflow,byWilliamGlennHoyt. 1913. 76pp.,7pis. 15c. 

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams. 

342. SurfacewatersupplyoftheYukon-Tananaregion,Alaska, byC.E.Ellsworthand 

R. W. Davenp<irt. 1915. 343 pp., 13 pis. 

Presents results of 6 years observations of the water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, discusses climate and precipitation, and gives station records. 

845. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N.C. Grover, chief 

hydraulicengineer. Contains: 

(t) A method of determining the d~y discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M:. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65. S:lOpe indicated by title. 

(f) The discharge of Yukon River at Eagle, Alaska, by E. A. Porter and R. W. Davenport, 

pp. 67-77, pis. IV-V. Describes briefly the location and size of the Yukon basin, the cllmatlo 

conditions In the basin, and methods of callectlng hydrometric data; compares run-olf with precipitation, and gives table showing the discharge of some of the large rivers in the United States 

as compared with the discli.arge of the Yukon and the Nlle. 

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c. 

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs In various parts of the United 

States, Including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs In 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California. · 

871. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

87 pis. 

Describes methods or lnstslllng automatic and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

llhelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artltlclal controls. 
XXIV STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. 

375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N.C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. Contains: 

(c) Relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. Davenport, pp. 77-84. 

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130. 

(f) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining otream-tlow records, by C. H. 

Pierce, pp. 131-139. 

Three papers presented at the conference of engineers of the water resources branch in December, 1914. 

ANNUAL REPORTS. 

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. pp. xxxvi, 469, 58 pis. $2.25. Contains: 

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlain, pp. 125-

173, PI. XXI. Scope indicated by title. 

Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II, Irrigation, pp. xviii, 576, 93 pis. $2. 

Contains: 

*Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 368-561, Pis. CVII to CXL VI. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 87.) 

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. Pt. III, Irrigation, pp. xi, 486, 77 plates. $1.85. Contains: 

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, Pis. CXI to CXLV. Discusses 

the economical aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt and sedimentation; gives brief history 

of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho-California, Wyoming, and Arizona; discusses 

water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of supply, 

pumping and subirrigation. 

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, pp. xx, 597, 73 pis. $2.10. Contains: 

*Potable waters of the eastern United States, by W. 1. McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells. 

*Natural mineral waters ofthe United States, by A. C. Peale,pp. 49-88, Pls.llland IV. Discusses the origin and tlow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses. 

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vola. 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II,paperschie.fl.yof a theoretical 

nature, pp. v, 958, 172 plates. $2.65. Contains: 

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, Pis. 

VI to XVII. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, In soil, and in other rocks, the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental investigationson the tlow of air and water through a rigid, porous medium, and through 

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusse& results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes 

results of observations; discusses also rate of tlow of water through sand and rock, the growth of 

rivers, rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc. 

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. S!ichter, pp. 295-384, Pis, 

XVII. Scope indicated by title. 

Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1898-99, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1899. (Parts II, III, IV, V, and VII, 1900.) 7 parts 

in 8 vola. an.\:l separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. IV, Hydrography, 

pp. vii, 660, 75 plates. $1.40. Contains: 

*Hydrography of Nicaragua, by A. P. Davis, pp. 563-637, Pls. LXIV to LXXV. Descrfbes the 

topographic features of the boundary, the lake basin and Rio San Juan; gives a brlefnlsuml! of 

the boundary dispute; discusses rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity, evaporation, 

resources, and productions, the ship, railway, and canal projects; gives the history of the investigations of the Canal Commission, and results of measurements on the Rio Grande, on streams 

tributary to Lake Nicaragua, and on Rio San Juan and its tributaries. 
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. XXV 

Twenty-second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901, 

Charles D. Walcott, Director. 1901. (Parts III and IV, 1902.) 4 parts. 

Pt. IV, Hydrography, 690 pp., 65 pis. $2.20. Contains: 

*HydrographyoftheAmerican Isthmus, by A. P. Davis, pp. 507-630, Pis. XXXVII to L. 

Describes the physiography, temperature, rainfall, and winds of Central America; discusses the 

hydrography of the Nicaragua Canal route and the Panama Canal route; gives estimated 

monthly discharges of many of the streams, rainfall, and evaporation tables at various points. 

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS. 

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 137 pis. 35c. 

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power 

development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives 

details of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee 

river basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, 

Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers. 

BULLETINS. 

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp. 

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as ava.fi. 

able. 

264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106 pp. 10c. 

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c. 

Bulletins 264 and 298 discuss the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners 

of oil, gas, and water wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives 

tabulated records of wells by States, and detailed records selected as affording valuable stratigraphic information. 

*319. Summary of the controlling conditions of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller. 

1908. lOc. , 

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors 

of artesian flow, and typical artesian systems. 

479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c. 

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, silica in 

river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St, Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses. ' 

97825°-WSP 385-15--18 
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS. 

&A-Annual Reports; M=Monograph; B=Bulletin; P=Professioual Paper; W= Water-Supply Paper; 

G F= Geologic folio.] 

Alaska: Surface waters. ____ ........................ W 196,218,228,314,342,345 (f) 

Artesian waters: Essential conditions .... ________ ........... A 5; B 319; W 67, 114 

Bibliographies 1 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• W 119, 120, 163, 280 

Chemical analyses: 2 Methods and interpretations..... W 151, 236, 259, 274, 364; B 479 

Conservation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. • . . .. . . W 234 

Cuba: Surface, underground, and quality of waters .......................... W 110 

Denundation. . . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. P 72 

Engineering methods .. __________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. • .. . W 1, 

3,8,20,41,42,43,56,64, 93,94,95, 110,143,146,150,180, 

187, 200, 257, 337, 345 (e), 371, 375 (c), 375 (e), 375 (f) 

Floods ............................... : ......................... W 96,147,162,334 

Hawaiian Islands: Surface waters ................................... W 77, 318, 336 

Underground waters ...... __ .. __ .......................... W 77 

Ice measurements .......................... ·.· .................... W 146,187,337 

Illinois: Quality of waters, etc .. ______ .. __ . ______ .. __ ................ W 194, 236, 239 

Surface waters .. ____ ................................ A 17 ii; 18 iv; W 239 

Underground waters ........... A 17 ii; B 264, 298; W 57, 114, 149; G F 145 

India: Irrigation ............................................. '........ A 12; W 87 

Indiana: Quality of waters .. __ ...... __ .... _ ... _ ............... A 18 iv; W 236, 254 

Surface waters ...... __ .. ____ .............................. A 18 iv; W 147 

Underground waters ...... __ .... _ .. _. A 18 iv; B .298; W 21, 57, 114, 149,254 

Iowa: Quality of waters ......... __ .... _ .............................. : W 236, 293 

Surface waters ...................................•.••..•.•...• W 162, 345 (i) 

Underground waters ............. B 264, 298; W57, 114,145,149, 293; G F 145 

Irrigation, generaL .. __ ........... _ .. _ .... A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20, 22, 41, 42, 87, 93, 146 

Legal aspects: Surface waters .................................... W 103,152, 238 

Underground waters ....... _ ..........................•...... W 122 

Mineral springs: Analyses ........ _ . _ .. _ ............................. A 14 ii; B 32 

Origin, distribution, etc .................................. A 14 ii 

Lists ......... --- ___ ................................ B 32; W 114 

Minnesota: Quality of waters ... __ ...................... _ ....... W 102, 193, 236, 256 

Suiface waters ............ · ................................. W 162, 193 

Underground waters ......... _ ... B 298; W 57., 102, 114,149, 256; G F 117 

Missouri: Quality of waters, etc ... _ .. __ ... _ .. -......................... W 195, 236 

Surface waters .... __ .. ___ .. __ ........ _ ...... _ .................... W 162 

Underground waters ........... _ .. _ B 298; W 57, 102, 110, 114,145, 149, 195 

Montana: Underground waters ........................................... W 57,149 

Motions of ground waters ........................ A 19 ii; B 319; W 67,110, 140,155 

Nicaragua: Surface waters .......................................... A 20 iv, 22 iv 

North Dakota: Underground waters .... A 17 ii; B 298; W 61,117, 149; G F 117,168 

1 Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts. . 

'Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered tbroughlJUblica.tioDs, a.snotedinabstra.cts. 

XXVI 
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASINS, XXVll 

Panam.a: Surface waters ..................................•••......•...•.. A 22 iv 

Pollution: By industrial wastes ...........................•• W 179, 186, 189, 226, 235 

By sewage ............... , .. __ .---- ........ ----·····-··--· W 72, 79,194 

Laws forbidding.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • • • W 103, 152 

Indices of ....... : ........................................... W 144, 160 

Porto Rico: Surface waters and irrigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • . • W 32 

Profiles of rivers .................................. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • . . .• W 44, 115 

River profiles........ . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . • W 44, 115 

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • W 3, 

22, 72, 79, 103, 110, 113, 114, 121, 144, 145, 152, 160, 

179,185,186,189,194,226,229,235,236,255,258,315 

Sewage disposal and purification ....................•• W 3, 22, 72, 113, 185, 194, 229 

South Dakota: Surface waters ........................................•• W 147,162 

Underground waters ...................................••.. A 17 ii; 

18 iv; B 298; W 61, 149, 227 

Underground waters: Legal aspects ........................•......•••••••••• W 122 

Methods of utilization ...................•...• W 114, 255, 257 

Pollution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W 110, 145, 160, 258 

Windmill papers ...•••••••........... _ .......................... W 1, 8, 20, 41, 42 

Wisconsin: Surface waters .............. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W 156 

Underground waters .••..........•••• B 298; W 61,114,145, 149; G F 145 
. INDEX OF STREAMS. 

Apple River, Wis ............... . 

Baraboo River, Wis .. ------------- Beaucoup Creek, IlL .••••........ 

Big Eau Pleine River, Wis ....... . 

Big Fork, Minn ................ . 

Big Muddy River, IU ........... . 

Black River, Minn .............. . 

Black River, Wis ............... . 

Blue Earth River, Minn ......... . 

Cahokia Creek, IlL ............. . 

Cannon River, Minn ............ . 

Catfish River, Wis ............... . 

Cedar River, Iowa .............. . 

Cedar River, Minn .............. . 

Cedar River, Red, Iowa ......... . 

Cedar River, Red, Wis ........... . 

Chippewa River, Minn .......... . 

Chippewa River, Wis: .....•.•... 

Chippewa River, West Fork, Wis. 

Clearwater River, Minn .......... . 

COttonwood River, Minn ......... . 

Crow River, Minn .............. · .. 

Crow River, North Fork!, Minn .. . 

Crow River, South Fork, Minn ... . 

Crow Wing River, Minn ......... . 

Des· Lacs River, N.Dak ........ . 

Des Moines River, Iowa-Minn ... . 

Des Plaines River, IlL ......... . 

Devils Lake, N. Dak ........... . 

Eau Claire River, Wis. (tributary 

to Chippewa River) ........... . 

Eau Claire River, Wis. (tributary 

to Wisconsin River) .......... . 

Eau Pleine River, Big, Wis ..... . 

Elk River, Minn ................ . 

Flambeau River, Wis ............ . 

Fox River, IlL ................. . 

Illinois River, IlL .............. . 

Iowa River, Iowa ............... . 

Iowa River, Upper, Iowa ........ . 

Kankakee River, 111.-Ind ........ . 

Kaskaskia River, IlL ........... . 

Kawishiwi River, Minn .........• 

Kennedy Creek, Mont ........... . 

xxvm 

Page. Page. 

IX Kettle River, Minn .............. IX 

IX Kickapoo River, Wis ............. IX 

XI Lac qui Parle River, Minn ....... VIII 

IX La Crosse River, Wis ............. IX 

VIII Little Fork, Minn ................ VIII 

XI Little Rib River, Wis ............. IX 

VIII Long Prairie River, Minn ......... VIII 

IX Maquoketa River, Iowa ........... IX 

vni Mendota Lake, Wis ............... X 

X Minnesota River, Minn ........... VIII 

IX Mississippi River, Minn .......... YIII 

X Mouse River, N.Dak ............ VIII 

X Muddy River, Big, IlL ........... XI 

X Namakagon River, Wis ........... IX 

X North Branch or Fork. See name 

IX of main stream. 

vrn Ottertail River, Minn ............ vn 

IX Pecatonica River, I11.-Wis ........ X 

IX Pelican River, Minn ............. vn 

vni Pembina River, N. Dak: ........... VIII 

vni Pine River, Minn ................. VIII 

vni Plover River, Wis ................ IX 

VIII Prairie River, lfinn .......... -.. -. VIII 

VIII Prairie River, Wis ••.............. IX 

vin Raccoon River, Iowa .............. X 

VIII Rainy Lake, Minn .•.......•....... VIII 

X Rainy River, Minn ••.......... :. VIII 

X Red Cedar River, Iowa ............ X 

VII Red Cedar River, Wis ......•..... IX 

Red Lake River, Minn ........... VIII 

IX Red Rivef, Minn., N. Dak:., Manitoba .......................... VII 

IX Redwood River, Minn......... . . . VIII 

IX Rib River, Little, Wis........... IX 

viii Rock River, Wis.-I11 ............. IX-X 

IX Root River, Minn .......... .'..... IX 

x Root River, North Branch, Minn.. IX 

x Roseau River, Canada. . . . • • . . . . . VIII 

x RoseauRiver, WestBranch,Minn .. viii 

IX Rum River, Minn................ viii 

x St. Croix River, Wis ....•.••..... VIII-IX 

x-xi St. Mary River, Mont.-Alberta.... VII 

VIII Salt Creek, IlL ...... --- ... ------ X 

VII Sandy Rirer· Minn............... vm 

! 
INDEX OF STREAM. XXIX 

Sangamon River, Ill ... , ......... . 

Sangamon River, South Fork, IlL 

Sauk River, Minn ..........•.•... 

Sheyenne River, N.Dak ......... . 

Shoal Creek, IlL ................ . 

Silver Creek, Ill ................ . 

Skunk River, Iowa ............. . 

Snake River, Minn .............. . 

South Branch or Fork. See name 

of main stream. 

Spoon River, Ill .•••••............ 

Sugar River, Wis .•••••.......... 

Swiftcurrent Creek, Mont ....... . 

Thief River, Minn ..••.••••...... 

Tomahawk River, Wis •••••...... 

Trempealeau River, WIB •••••••. .. 

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Turkey River, Iowa ............ . 

Two Rivers, South Branch, Minn. 

Upper Iowa River, Iowa ..••••... 

Vermilion River, Ill ...•••••..... 

Vermilion River, Minn ......•..... 

Wapsipinicon River, Iowa ..•..... 

West Branch or Fork. See name 

of main stream. 

Whetstone River, S. Dak ......... . 

Wild Rice River, Minn ......... . 

Wisconsin River, Wis ............ . 

Yellow River, Ind ............... . 

Yellow River, Wis ............... . 

Zumbro River, Minn ............. . 

Zumbro River, South Branch, 

Minn ..........••.....•••••••.• 

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