DATA ON NATIONAL HEALTH RESOURCES

Series 14

Number 13

Optometric Manpower:

Characteristics of

Optometric Practice

UnitedStates-1968

From information collected in a national survey of optometrists conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, statistics are

presented describing features of optometric practice in the United

States in 1968. These features include the form and composition of

practice arrangements, primary and secondary activities of the practitioners, the range of services that practitioners provided and the

numbers and types of supplementary personnel that the optometrist used to assist him in his practice.

DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 74-1808

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Public Health Service

Health Resources Administration

National Center for Health Statistics

Rockville, Md. June 1974
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Optometric manpower.

(Data on national health resources, ser. 14, no. 13) (DHEW publication no. (HFM) 74-1 808)

Supt. of Dots. no.: HE 20.2210: 14/13.

1. Optometrists–United States–Statistics.

I. Phillips, Hazel M., joint author. 11.Title. III. Series: United States. National Center fur Hc:llth

Statistics. Vital and health statistics. Series 14: Data on national health resources: mw-ip(jfvur

and facilities, no. 13. IV. Series: United States. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. DI-IEW

publication no. (HRA) 74-1808. [DNLhI: 1. Optometry -Manpower-U.S. W2A N 14Snv nn. 13

1974]

RE942.K6 331.1’26 74-2154

ISBN 0–8406–0005–4

For sale by the Superintendent of Documeuts, U.S. Go’iernnmt Printing Ofiice, Washington, D.C. 20402- Mcc $1.2S

—
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

EDWARD B. PERRIN, Ph.D., Director

PHILIP S. LAWRENCE, SC.D., Deputy Director

DEAN E. KRUEGER, Acting Associate Director for Analysis

GAIL F. FISHER, Associate .Directorfor the Cooperative FZeukh Statistics System

ELIJAH L. WHITE, Associate Director for Jlzta Systems

IWAO M. MORIYAMA, Ph. D., Associate Director for International Statistical Programs

EDWARD E. MINTY, Associate Director for Management

ROBERT A. ISR4EL, Associate Director for Operations

QUENTIN R. REMEIN, Associate Director for Program Development

PHILIP S. LAWRENCE, SC.D., Acting Associate Director for Research

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer

DIVISION OF HEALTH MANPOWER AND FACILITIES STATISTICS

GLORIA HOLLIS, Acting Director

SHELDON STARR, Acting Deputy Director

HENRY MOUNT, Chief Health Manpower Statistics Branch

GLORIA HOLLIS, Acting Chief Health Facilities Statistics Branch

SHELDON STARR, Acting chief Technical Seruices Branch

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 14. No. 13

DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 74-1808

Library of Congress Catalog Gzrd Number 74-2154
CONTENTS

Introduction . ----------------------- -------- --. -a--- ------------------

1968 Optometrists in Perspective -------- ---------------- ---------------

General Demographic and Professional Characteristics -----------------

Characteristics of Optometric Practice -------- ------------------------ --

Form and Composition of Independent Practice Arrangements ------- ----

Primary and Secondary Activities --------------------------- ---------

Patient Services Rendered ----- ”------------------ -------------------

Volume of Patient-Care Activity ---------------- ----- ”-- -------- ------

Utilization of Supplementary Personnel . ----- ”-------------------- -------

GeneraI Characteristics of Users of Auxiliary personnel ---------------

Number of Supplementary Personnel -.------ ------------------------ .

Conditions of Utilization------. ---------q ---------------------------

Utilization of Secretaries and/or Receptionists ------------------------

Utilization of General Optometric Assistants ------------------------ --

Utilization of Optometric Technicians --------------------------- ----.-

Utilization of Dispensing Opticians ------------------------ -----------

Utilization of Contact Lens Technicims -------------------------------

Utilization of Optical Technicians -- . ---. ---- .- ”------------- ---------

Summary . .-- .---” ------------------ ---------------------------- ---

List of Detailed Tables --------------------------- --. ----- ”------------

Appendix 1. Technical Notes ------------------------ ---------------- “

Background of Report ----- .---” ---------- --------------------------- -

Survey Coverage ---------------- ------------------------ -----------

Data Collection md Processing --------------------------------------

Response to the Survey ------------------------ ----------------------

Item Response -------- ------a- ------------------------ “------- -----

Imputation for Unknowns --------------------------- -“------- --------

State and National Estimates ------------------------ -------- -------- -

Rounding ---------------- “------- ---------------- ---- ” -------------

Appendix II. Definitions . -------------------------- --------- -“------- -

Appendix III. Survey Questionnaire . . . . . . --------------------- ----------

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iv
OPTOMETRIC MANPOWER:

CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE

Hugo K. Koch, M. H. A., and Hazel M. Phillips

Division of Health Manpower and Facilities Statistics

INTRODUCTION

This is the sixth in a series of reports from

the findings of a national survey of manpower in

the eye-care occupations in 1968 and 1969. The

survey, conducted by the National Center for

IIcalth Statistics with the active assistance of the

Bureau of the Census, had as its goal to elicit

information about ophthalmologists, optometrists,

w-id opticians and about the supplementary personnel who assisted these primary functionaries

in the provision of eye-care services. The five

previously published reports based on the survey

findings are:

Opticians Employed in Health Services. Vital

and Health Stutktics. DHEW Publication No.

(HSM) 72-1025, Series 14- No. 3. June 1972

Ophthalmology Manpower: A General Profile.

Vital and Health Statistics. DHEW Publication

No. (HSM) 73-1800, Series 14 - No. 5. December 1972

Ophthalmology Manpower: Characteristics of

Clinical Practice. Vitaland Health Statistics.

DIHEW Publication No. (HSM) 73-1802, Series

14- No. 7, March 1973

Optometrists Employed in Health Services.

I’itul and Health Statistics. DHEW Publication No, (HSM) 73-1803, Series 14 - No. 8.

March 1973

Ophthalmology Manpower: Utilization of Supplementary Personnel. Vital and Health Statistics. DHE W Publication No. (HSM) 73-1804,

Series 14, No. 9. May 1973

The present report is the second report which

describes personnel who provided optometric

services in this Nation in 1968. A previous report

on optometric manpower outlined the general

demographic and professional characteristics of

optometrists who were active and inactive in their

profession at the time of the survey; selected

statistics from this report are presented on pages

2 and 3. The present report, which contains 27

detailed statistical tables, presents statistics on

several of the more specific features of optometric practice. These features include the form and

composition of practice arrangements, primary

and secondary activities of the optometric practitioner, and the range of optometric services

that the practitioner provided. A substantial portion of the report is devoted to the numbers and

types of supplementary personnel that the optometrist used to assist him in his practice. The 27

detailed tables that are found in this report are

optometrists by number of patient visits per week

(tables 1-3), number of patients seen per week

(tables 4-6), number of supplementary personnel

of all types used to assist the optometrist in

practice, such as secretaries and/or receptionists, general optometric assistants, optometric technicians, dispensing opticians, contact

lens technicians, and optical technicians (tables

7-27).

Statistics used in the two reports on optometric manpower ref Iect the application of a stat is -

tical adjustment designed to compensate for total

or partial nonresponse to the survey question1
naire. The adjustment yielded an estimate of

18,427 for the number of optometrists active in

their profession at the time of the 1968 survey;

this figure supplied the statistical base for most

of the tables and textual discussion that appeared

in the first report. Very few members of this

active universe occupied themselves solely with

activities such as teaching, research, or administration—activities which excluded patient care.

About 99 percent of the active universe reported

that they devoted at least some part of their

weekly professional effort to the care of optometric patients. This 99 percent, numbering 18,299

practitioners, make up the report universe for the

present report; they are the chief subjects of its

tabular data and textual commentary.

In the pages that follow, comparison will

sometimes be made between the practice characteristics of optometrists and those of the ophthalmologists surveyed in 1968 (Series 14, No. 7),

especially when the two professional groups appear to overlap in the patient services that they

offered and in their respective utilizations of the

available manpower resource in supplementary

eye-care personnel.

The text is supported by the 27 detailed statistical tables and three appendixes, Appendix I

explains the methodology that was used in the collection and processing. of data obtained from the

1968 survey of optometrists. Appendix II defines

certain terms used in the report and Appendix III

is a facsimile of the questionnaire used to survey

optometrists in 1968.

1968 OPTOMETRISTS

IN PERSPECTIVE

General Demographic and

Professional Characteristics

The following statistics were selected from

the earlier report, Optometrists Employed in

Health Services: United States- 1968 (Series 14,

Number 8), the first report on optometric manpower from the findings of the 1968 survey.

There were an estimated 20,301 civilian optometrists in the United States in 1968. Of these,

1,873 optometrists, or about 9 percent of the total,

were inactive in their profession, 922 by reason

of retirement and 951 for other reasons. About

91 percent of the total, 18,427 optometrists, were

actively engaged in professional optometric activities, a ratio of 9.3 active optometrists to every

100,000 persons in the general population.

The geographic distribution of optometrists

did not always mirror the distribution of the

general population, as is revealed in table A. The

ratio of optometrists to population was lowest in

the South Region although the largest regional

proportion of the Nation’s population was to be

found in the South. The North Central Region was

favored over other regions both in the percent of

all active optometrists located there and in the

fact that it boasted the second highest ratio of

optometrists to general population. The West

Region had the highest ratio— 11.2 optometrists

per 100,000 population. For a more localized

Table A, Percent distribution of 1968 civilian population, active optometrists, and rates

per 100,000 population, according to geographic region: United States, 1968

1968 Optometrists

Geographic region civilian Act i.ve

optometrists per 100,000

population population

United States -------- ------ -------- ----

Northeast -------- ------- ”-------- ------------

North Central ---------------- -------- --------

South -------- -------- -------- . . . . . . . . --------

West -------------- ------- ------- ------- ------

Percent di.stribut ion I

100,0 100.0 9.3

24.4 25.8

28.0 31.9 J::

31.0 22.4

16.6 19.9 1;: :

I I

2
analysis of optometrist concentration, refer to 2 percent of active optometrists devoted some

figure 1 where the ratio of active optometrists part of their working time to teaching in schools

to general population is pictured by State. of optometry; about 6 percent were engaged to

The median age of all active optometrists some degree in optometric research; and about

was 47.5 years, with about 55 percent of their

nurnlwr located in the age interva140-54 years.

/ibout ~8 percent of all active optometrists were

male. About 76 percent were licensed in only one

State. The typical optometrist reported aworking

ycwr that exceeded4S weeks anda working week

of m.tghly 40 hours. A substantial 16 percent of

all active optometrists spent fewer than 35 hours

pc r week in optometric activities.

Participation in professional activities other

than direct patient care was limited. Only about

12 percent were at least partially active in administrative duties other than those connected

with the care of patients, e.g., optometricassociations.

More than 99 percent of all active optometrists were engaged to some extent in the direct

care of optometric patients. It is these patientseeing optometrists--18 ,299 in number—who make

up the report universe of the present report and

supply the statistical base for most of the tables

and textual commentary.

Figure I, Number of active optometrists per 100,000 population: United States, 1808.

3
CHARACTERISTICS OF

OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE

Form and Composition of

Independent Practice Arrangements

Of the 18,299 optometrists comprising this

report universe, 16,218, or about 89 percent, were

engaged in self-employed practice arrangements

as follows:

Form of practice

All arrangements --

Solo practice ---------

parfmership -----------

Group practice --------

Number

of

pract it ioners

16 ,21[

13,510

2,178

530

Percent

of

report

univ&rse

88.6

notably stronger tenden~y to make use of supplementary eye-care personnel in partnerships and

group practice arrangements. About 94 percent

of the optometrists in mu~tiple-member forms

of practice reported t~e.use. of supplementary

helpers as compared with 74 percent for solo

practitioners.

Survey findings did not permit a direct and

complete evaluation of the composition of multiple-member forms of practice. There was evidence, however, that the most utilized form was

a two-member practice. arrangement in which

both members were optometrists. This derives

from the finding that of the optometrists who reported sharing supplementary personnel with

associates, about 69 percent reported that they

shared these personnel with two associates, and

of these optometrist~ who reported sharing personnel with two associates, about 77 percent reported that their associates were fellow optometrists. The number of optometrists in multiplemember forms of practice was more exactly

evaluated by responses to the ‘survey question

73.8

11.9

2.9

“If in partnership or group practice, how many

SO1O practice was clearly the form of independent practice most favored by respondents.

Using medians, the typical solo practitioner was

a male Doctor of Optometry between 47 and 48

years of age and licensed to practice in only one

State. He maintained only one office, worked more

than 48 weeks per year, and devoted roughly 40

hours per week to all his professional activities.

About 74 percent of solo practitioners made use

of supplementary personnel to assist them in

practice.

About 15 percent of the report universe (2,708

optometrists) practiced optometry in multiplemember arrangements. The partnership was the

most frequently reported form of multiple- member practice—an estimated 2,178 optometrists

(about 12 percent of the report universe) participated in this form of practice—and only about

3 percent of the respondents were to be found in

group practice. Again reporting median tendencies, the typical member of a multiple-member

practice differed from his colleague in solo practice in certain, perhaps significant, respects; for

example, he tended to be about 2 years younger

than the solo practitioner and to work at least 2

hours more per working week. There was also a

optometrists are there in the partnership or

group (counting yourself)?” To this question,

2,105 respondents report~d two optometrists in

their multiple-member arrangement; 421 respondents reported three ,optometrists; and 182

reported four optometrists or more.

Primary and Secondary Activities

An examination of. the primary and secondary activities reported by patient-serving optometrists is shown in table B. Clearly, practicing

optometrists did not show any marked tendency

to specialize since about 97 percent of them engaged in general practice as their primary

activity and 13 percent reported no secondary

activity at all. Of the secondary activities, contact lens fitting was by far the most favored

by respondents. In order of preference the three

most popular secondary activities were contact

lens fitting, general practice activities, and vision

training. The typical practice obviously centered

around general practice activities plus some contact lens work with a tendency, not very sharply

pronounced, to be engaged in some vision training.

4
.

. .

.,

Table B, Primary -and secondary activities of optometrists: United States, 1968

. .

Activity

.

.

Primarv

Total -----.-- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --

.

General practice --- - -- -- ---- --- - -- - -- - ---- --- - - - -- -- --- --- - - - -

Contact lens fitting ------------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)----------------------------------

Developmental vi?iion ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------

Prescribing low vision aids -----------------------------------

Industrial vision ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ----

Other ------- ------- -.------ ------- -------- ------- ------.- ------

. .

Secondary

Total ---------------------------------------------------

No secondary activity -.----- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------

General practice - --- --- - - --- - - - --- --- -- - - -- --- - -- - -- - -- -- -- - --

Contact lens fittiUg ------------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)----------------------------------

Developmental visicm ------------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids -------- --.----- -------- -------- ---

Industrial vision--=------------------------------------------

Other ---------------- ---------------- -------- -------- -------- -

—

Number

engaged

in

activity

18,299

17,657

368

:?

6

;:

18,299

2,373

2,709

10,588

1,104

483

218

611

213

Percent

distribution

100.0

96.5

2.0

0.3

0.5

0.0

0.2

0.5

100.0

13.0

14.8

57.9

6.0

::;

3.3

1:2

&

.

‘

Patient Services Rendeked

.

Fourteen specific pa~ientservices werelisted

on the survey questjo&aire andrespondentswere

asked to check those rerideced by them or under

their direction. The 14 services in descending

order from the most’frequently rendered to the

least are ranked intable C. Judging from median

tendencies, the typical practitioner rendered at

least eight or nine of these services, in most

instances the services Iistedabovethedotted line.

Services below the fin5 were less commonlyprovided; substantially fewer than one-half of the

Nation’s practitioners rendered anyone ofthese

six services. .

A substantial overlapoccurredbetweenservices rendered by optometrists and those rendered by the Nat~on’s oph~halmologists during

the same reporting period. Examples of overlap

include: 8,282 ophthalmologists engaged indiagnostic examination (including tonometry), 7,802

performed visual field examinations, 4,834 reported the fitting of contact lenses, 4,571 prescribed low-vision aids, 2,710 provided orthoptic

training or directed its provision, and 786 reported aniseikonic testing among their activities

(Series 14, No. 7).

Volume of Patient-Care Activity

Volume of patient-care activity was directly

assessed by two items on the survey questionnaire. Respondents were asked: “In your optometric practice, approximately how many patient

visits for all purposes do you have during a

typical week?” and further: “A@proximately how

many patients does .this represent? (Patients with

multiple visits should be counted only once). ”
Table C. Specific patient servicesrendered by optometrists:United States, 1968

I

Type of service

Number Percent

providing of report

service universe

Refractions-----------------------------------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------------

Ophthallnoscopy--------------------------------------------------

Frame repairs---------------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------------

Visual field examination----------------------------------------

Tonometry-------------------------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------------

Prescribinglow vision aids-------------------------------------

Fabricationof eyeware------------------------------------------

Biomicroscopy---------------------------------------------------

Developmentalvision---------------------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading------------------------------------

Aniseikoni.ctesting---------------------------------------------

18,238

17,122

16,928

15,532

14,521

13,780

12,098

9,128

—---- ----

7,450

6,610

5,907

5,225

;,;;:

J

99.7

93.6

92.5

84.9

79*4

75.3

66.1

49.9

.+---------

40.7

36,1

32.3

28.6

25.9

8.4

Patient visits pe~week.—The national experienceofoptometristsinpatientvisitsperweek

was distributedas follows:

Geographicregion

1 I

Number

Patient visits of Percent

practi- disper week

tioners tribution

Total----------

w

Less than 25 visits-- 1,578 8.6

25-49 visi.ts---------

50-74 visi&3---------

3,762 20.6

4,989 27.3

75-99 visits--------- 2,750 15.0

100 visits or more--- 5,221 28.5

The nationalmedian was 69 visitsperweek

forthetypicalpractitioner.RegionalVariations

from thenationalmedianwere notverydramatic,

as thefollowingdistribution by geographicregion

shows:

I

Number of

active

optometrists

per 100,000

population

United States--

Northeast----------

North Central------

South--------------

West---------------

I

9.3

9.9

10.6

1$5

Median

visits

per

week

69

64

71

73

67

It may be meaningfulthat Southernoptometrists,with the smallestconcentrationinthe

UnitedStates(interms of number per 100,000

population), reportedthehighestmedianinpatient

visitsper week.And W’esternoptometrists,with

a concentrationper 100,000populationexceeding

thatof theotherregions,reporteda medianexperiencein patientvisitswhichwas belowthe

6
nar,ional median. Assuminga need for optometric

services which was fairly uniform regardless of

geographic area, this might indicate thatthetypical Southern optometrist was, at least partially,

attempting to compensate for his comparative

scarcity in that area by extending the volume of

his patient-care activity. It is clear, however,

that factors other than simple geographic concunt ration were at work to influence the volume

of patient-care activity. Thus optometrists of the

North Central Region, with a concentration exccwded only by Western optometrists, still reported a median in patient visits which exceeded

the national median and in fact was second only

ro the median reported by the Southern optometrist.

Figure 2 plots the relationship between patient visits per week and the age of the practitioner. Patient-care activity in terms of visits

per week is seen to peak at a median of about 75

visits for optometrists in the age interval from

35 to 44 years and to decrease with each age interval until among optometrists over 65years the

median experience was about 40 visits per week.

With a median experience of about 51 visits

pcr week, female optometrists reported a rate of

patient-care activity that was substantially small-

~,r than the 69 visits per week reported by the

rypical male practitioner.

‘rile tabulation that follows reveals the reIat ionship between patient visits and the form of

practic, that the optometrist engaged in.

ru--i

Under 35 3544 45.54

.,,

,,.

.’. .

.

55.64

n

L._/

65 and over

AGE IN YEARS

1 ,w(t. ) MtYitM, p,{lwnt wws pcr v,cck according to age of optometric practmonec Umted States

1968

Median

Dat ient

Solo practice --------- 13,510 65

Partnership ----------- 2,178 87

Group practice -------- 530 93

Clearly, within the typical multiple-member practice arrangement, the workload in patient visits

was higher than that experienced by the typical

solo practitioner. It was further noted that, within the partnership or group practice, the median

experience in patient visits increased in positive

proportion to the number of optometrists practicing in any particular multiple-member arrangement. For example, where two optometrists

were engaged, the median was about 87 visits per

week; where three optometrists were involved,

the median was 97 visits; and in practice arrangements that involved four or more, the median

exceeded 100 visits per week.

However, in the national perspective of optometric care it must be remembered that practitioners in the multiple-member practice forms

were in the decided minority, with only 2,178 of

them practicing in partnerships and 530 engaged

in group practice. It was the estimated 13,510

solo practitioners, constituting about 74 percent

of the national manpower resource, who with

their median experience of 65 visits per week

provided by far the greatest bulk of professional

service to optometric patients in the United States

at che time of the survey.

A reference to tables 2 and 3 will suggest the

positive relationship that prevailed between number of patient visits and the following variables:

hours worked per week, number of office locations,

number of States-licensed in, and number of optometric services rendered by the practitioner. As

one increased, so did the other, though not always

in a manner that was exactly proportionaL For

example, an analysis of the number of optometric

services rendered yielded the following:

7
Median

Number of optometric services patient

rendered visits

I

per week

1-3 services ------------------- 47

4-6 services ------------------- 64

7-9 services ------------------- 70

10 services or more ------------ 74

Patients seenpev — zueek.—The tendencies

noted in the discussion of patient visits per week

also apply generallyto the number of optometric

patients seen per week.

The national experience of optometric patients seen per week was as follows:

I I

Number

Patients seen of Percent

dis -

per week practitioners tribution

Total ----------

W

Less than 25

patients ------------ 4,086 22.3

25-49 patients ------- 6,886 37.6

50-74 patients ------- 3,719 20.3

75-99 patients ------- 1,726

100 patients or more- 1,881 1:::

I I

The national median was 43 optometric patients

seen per weekby the typicalpractitioner.Atomparison to the median of 69 patient visits per

week roughly suggests the extent to which multiple visits were made by the same patient within

a single week. Regional distribution of the median

patients seen per week is as follows:

Median Median

Geographic region patients patient

seen visits

I

per Iper

week week

United States--- 43 69

,

Northeast ------------- 41 ;:

North Central --------- 45

South ----------------- 44

West ------------------ 43 :;

o 1 II ....il J I J

Under 35 3544 4554 5564 65 and o.m

AGE IN YEARS

Fugure3. Med!an pat!ents seen per week acccidmg m w of ap:ometrrc praclmcmer Um!ed S1dtP5

19s8

Figure 3 plots the relationship between

patients seen per week and the ageofthepractitioner. The median of patients seen per week

is seen to peak at about 47 patients for optometrists in the age interval 35-44 years anddecrease with advancing age until among optometrists over 65 years themedian experiencewas

only about25 patients per week.

With a median experience ofabout34patients

seen per week, female optometrists reported

patient-care activity that was substantially smaller than the 44 patients per week reported by the

typical male practitioner.

Tabulated below are figures revealing the

relationship between patients seen per week and

the form of practice that the optometrist engaged

in.

Solo practice --------- 1;,:;; 40

Partnership ----------- 55

Group pract_lce -------- ’530 60

Clearly, withinthe typicalmultiple-member practice arrangement the number of patients seen

was higher than that experienced by the typical

solo practitioner. It was further noted that, within the partnership or group practice, the median

in patients

number of

seen increased in proportion to the

optometrists practicing in any par8
t icular multiple- member arrangement. For example, where two optometrists were engaged,

the median was about 53 patients per week;

wh~’re three optometrists were involved, the

median was 63 patients; and, in practice arrangements that involved four optometrists or more,

th~ median was 70 patients per week.

However, in the national perspective of optometric care, it must be remembered that prac -

tit icmers in the multiple-member practice forms

were in the decided minority, with only 2,178 of

their numbers practicing in partnerships and

only 530 engaged in group practice. It was the

estimated 13,510 solo practitioners, constituting

about 74 percent of the report universe who, with

their median experience of 40 patients per week,

provided by far the greatest bulk of professional

semrice to optometric patients in the United States

at rhu time of the survey.

A reference to tables 5 and 6 will suggest

the positive relationship that prevailed between

number of patients seen per week and the following variables: hours worked per week, number of

office locations, number of States licensed in,

and number of optometric services rendered by

the practitioner. As one increased, so did the

other.

UTILIZATION OF

SUPPLEMENTARY PERSONNEL

General Characteristics of Users

of Auxiliary Personnel

Respondents to the 1968 survey were asked

whether or not they used the services of auxiliary

personnel to assist them in caring for their optometric patients. A total of 14,339 optometrists

(about 78 percent of the report universe) reported that they did; they wilI hereafter be referred to as “users.” About 98 percent of users

were male. The median age of users was 46.5

years, 1 year less than the median age of 47.5

reported for the entire universe of active optometrists. Geographically, users were distributed

as shown in table D.

Table D. Number of optometrists who utilized supplementary personnel according to geographic area: United States, 1968

Region and division

United States ------------------------------------------

Northeast ----------------------------------------------------

New England -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

Middle Atlantic --------------------------------------------

North Central ------------------------------------------------

East North Central -----------------------------------------

West North Central -----------------------------------------

South --------------------------------------------------------

South Atlantic ---------------------- -----------------------

East South Central --- --- --- -- - -- -- - - . -- - - ,.- --- - - -- -- --- -- - .

West South Central -----------------------------------------

West --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---.----

Mountain ---------------------------------------------------

Pac~fic ----.,--- -------- -----------”---- -------- -------- -----

Number

who

utilized

supple -

mentary

personnel

14,339

3,106

862

2,244

4,548

3,172

1,377

3,629

1,718

715

1,196

3,056

603

2,453

Percent

distribution

100.0

21.7

1:::

31.7

22.1

9.6

25.3

12.0

5.0

8.3

9
The tendency to use supplementary personnel

was strongest among optometrists of the South

Region, where about 88 percent of the patientserving optometrists reported the use of assistants. This was well above the 78 percent calculated for the Nation as a whole, and, when one

remembers that the concentration of optometrists

in the South (6.8 per 100,000 population) was substantially lower than the ratio for any other region

in the United States, this rate may suggest that

the Southern optometrist was at least partially

compensating for his relative scarcity by using

assistants in an effort to extend his range of

services.

There was a direct relationship between form

of practice and the reported usage of supplementary assistants. Whereas about 74 percent of

the Nation’s solo practitioners relied on supplementary personnel, the figure was 93 percent

for optometrists in partnerships and about 96

percent for those engaged in group practice.

However, since users in solo practice outnumbered users in the other practice forms by almost

4 to 1, it is clear that most supplementary personnel performed their services for solo practitioners.

The questionnaire requested information on

the utilization of six specific types of supplementary assistants. Of the Nation~s 14,339 users of

auxiliary personnel, about 84 percent utilized

the services of secretaries and/or receptionists

and 30 percent utilized general optometric assistants (supplementary personnel who spent less

than 75 percent of their time in any of the assistant categories were counted as general optometric assistants). Sixteen percent utilized dispensing opticians, 10 percent utilized optical technicians (shopmen), 5 percent utilized optometric

technicians, and 4 percent utilized contact lens

technicians.

Certain professional characteristics of the

user are brought into sharper focus when they

are directly contrasted with corresponding characteristics of the 3,960 members of the report

universe who reported that they did not utilize

supplementary persomel. For example, the typical user reported about 76 visits by eye patients

per week; the typical nonuser, about 45. The

typical user saw about 48 patients in the course

of a week; the typical nonuser saw only about 28.

The following tabulation contrasts the range

of professional activity of the user of supplementary personnel and the nonuser by the extent

to which each provided 14 selected patient services or directed the provision of these services.

Patient service

Refractions --------------

Visual field examLnationTonometry ----------------

Ani.seikonic testing ------

Biomicroscopy ------------

ophthalmoscopy -----------

Contact lens fitting -----

Visual training

(orthoptics) ------------

Developmental vLsion -----

Prescribing low vision

aids --------------------

Visual readiness for

reading -----------------

Dispensing and adjusting

eyeware -----------------

Frame repai.rs ------------

Fabrication of eyeware---

!4!2!.5

Percent

99

65

4;

i:

61

42

19

29

18

90

E

Note the direct relationship between use of supplementary personnel andthe tendency to rendc,r

any of the services except refractions. For

several of the services (e.g., tonometry, biomicroscopy, and fitting contact lenses), the rc,-

Iiance on supplementary assistance is especially

evident.

Judging bythe number of the 14servicesthat

optometrists provided, without regard for the

frequency of rendition or for the time ordegrec

of sophistication involved in the performance of

each service, about 78 percent of all users reported that they provided more than seven of the

14 services, as opposed to about 54 percent of

all nonusers.

Number of Supplementary Personnel

The typical patient-serving optometrist who

used supplementary personnel inthe United States

in 1968 utilized the services of 2.1 assistants

10
(a median figure). Variations in numbers of assist:mts are perhaps more meaningfully expressed

hy r~porting for appropriate demographic and

p rofcssional categories, the proportion of users

who made use of two or more supplementary

.lssjstants.

1+’ot- the Nation as a whole, the proportion of

“using” optometrists who utilized two or more

~~ssist;lnts was about 54 percent. The following

tt~hulut ion shows user experience by geographic

l“Lj\iOnS ~td th~k COITIpOtEIN divisions.

Percentage

of users

Region and division who use 2

I

or more

assistants

Uni,ted States ----------

F

54

Northeast ------------------- 49

New I&land ---------------

Middle Atlan&Lc ----------- ::

North Central ---------------

East North Central -------- ;:

West North Central-------- 55

South ----------------------- 53

South Atlantic ------------ 52

East South Central -------- 49

West South Central -------- 58

West ------------------------

Mountain .----------------- 3

Pacific------------------- 57

I’bus, rh(mgh the tendency to use two or more

assistants dots noc show dramatic variations

whcm it is expressed by geographic region, conSid~lrJbk’ variation may be observed among divisions within a single region as well as among

divisions which are geographically remote from

me mtother. For example, note the New England

Division of the Northeast Region, where the

tendency to use two or more supplementary

personnel contrasted sharply with the experience

of optometrists in the Middle Atlantic Division.

The tendency in New England was, in fact,

markedly weaker than anywhere else in the

Nat-ion.

The tabulation that follows relates number

of assistants to the hge of the user.

[ I

Age 1 2 or more

assistant assistants

Percent of total

users

Total users- 46 I 54

Under 35 years---- 40

35-44 years ------- 43 :;

45-54 years ------- 53

55-64 years ------- :; 47

65 years and over- 55 45

Note the inverse relationship thatexisted between

age and the tendency to utilize two or more

assistants. At its strongest among younger practitioners, the tendency declined markedly asage

categories advanced.

Conditions of IJtilization

Users ofsupplementary personnelwere asked

to specify the conditions in which they utilized

each type of assistant. The following four conditions of utilization were possible:

Full-timeunshwed, i.e., 35hoursor more

per week, services ofassistantnot shared

with associates.

Full-times hyed, i.e., 3jhours or more

per week, services of assistant shared

with associates.

Part-time unshared, i.e.,less [ban 35

hours per week, services of assistant

not shared with associates.

Pavt-timeshwed, i.e., less than35hours

per week, services of assistant shared

with associates.

Theuseof oneor more assistants of agiven

type in one of the above four conditions of utilization is treated in this analysis as a “report

of utilization. ” By this measurement of usage,

there were a total of 25,487 reports of utilization of supplementary personnel. Of this total,

about 58 percent were for secretaries and/or

receptionists, 19 percent for general optometric

assistants, 10 percent for dispensing opticians,

6 percent for optical technicians (shopmen), 3
percent fur optometric technicians, 2 percent

for contact lens technicians, and 3 percent were

for other types of supplementary personnel (e.g.,

orthoptists). Members of this “other” category

were not reported with sufficient frequency to

warrant separate treatment in this report.

An overall analysis of the conditions in which

assistants were used showed that, in order of

preference, about 70 percent of all reports specified fill- time utilization, about 30 percent specified pavt-tim~; 64 percent of all reports specified

unshared utilization, and 36 percent specified the

shwing of assistants with associates.

When these two fundamental bases of usage

were combined, it was apparent that:

.43 percent of all reports of utilization specified assistance on ajidl- time unshared basis.

027 percent specified assistance on a fulltime shared basis.

.22 percent specified assistance on a pavttime unshaved basis.

● 9 percent specified assistance on a pvttime shaved basis.

In the discussion that follows, the basis of

utilization will be seen to vary with the specific

type of assistant under consideration. The preference was generally for the full-time unshared

utilization of secretaries and/or receptionists.

General optometric assistants were likewise

generally used on a full-time unshared basis.

For optometric technicians, dispensing opticians,

contact lens technicians, and optical technicians,

however, the preference was for full-time shared

personnel. Only with the undifferentiated “other”

types of assistants did the reports of utilization

favor assistance on a part-time basis.

Utilization of Secretaries

andlor Receptionists

There were 14,661 reports of utilization of

secretaries and/or receptionists. Assistants of

this type were distributed according to the following conditions of usage. About 45 percent of the

reports of utilization specified utilization on a

fill-time unshared basis, 21 percent specified

fill-time shayed, 25 percent specified part-time

unshaved, and 9 percent specified utilization on

a pwt-time shared basis. Thus full-time unshared

utilization was the most popular condition of

usage and part-time shared utilization the least

popular.

Of the 12,044 optometrists who utilized secretaries and/or receptionists, about 66 percent

used one; about 23 percent used two; and 11 percent used three or more. When an optometrist

reported the use of only one assistant of any

type, in almost eight cases out of 10 this assistant was a secretary or receptionist. Of those

who reported that they used two assistants of

any type, about 85 percent reported that the assistants included at least one secretary or receptionist. And, of those who reported the use

of three or more assistants of any type, about

92 percent reported that their assistants included one or more secretaries and/or receptionists.

The following tabulation shows the extent to

which the utilization of secretaries and receptionists was reflected in the tendency to render

specific patient services.

Patient service Users Nonusers

Refractions --------------

Visual field examinationTonometry ----------------

Aniseikonic testing ------

Biomicroscopy ------------

Ophthalmoscopy -----------

Ophthalmoscopy----------Contact lens fitting -----

Visual training

(orthoptics) ------------

Developmental vision -----

Prescribing low vision

aids --------------------

Visual readiness for

reading -----------------

Dispensing and adjusting

ey,eware -----------------

Frame repairs ------------

Fabrication of eyeware---

Percent

99

;:

72 ;;

9

;: ;;

84 70

51 47

30 26

44 35

27 24

94 92

86 83

38 33

I I

Note that the addition of administrative personnel

increased the tendency to perform all patient

services except routine refractions. The influence

was a general one. It probably operated by freeing

the optometrist from the performance of routine

clerical and administrative tasks, thus allowing

him more time for his strictly clinical functions.

12
Utilization of General Optometric Assistants

There were 4,8:32 reports of utilization for

gt’neral optometric assistants; this included persons who spent less than 75 percent of their time

in any of the assistant categories. They were

distributed according to the following conditions

of usage, About 48 percent of the reports of

ut iIlzation specified use on a jidl- time unshared

hfisis, 22 percent on a full-time shuved basis,

23 percent on a pm+- time unshaved basis, and 7

pe twnt specified use on apart-time shaved basis.

Thus, as with secretaries and receptionists, fulltime unshared utilization was the most popular

condition of usage and pal t-time shared utilization the least popular.

Llf the 4,230 optometrists who utilized general optometric assistants, about 71 percent used

one, about 20 percent used twa, and about 9 percent

Liscd three or more. of thc,se who reported that

they used two assistants, about 35 percent reported that the two includeG at least one general

optometric assistant. And, of those who reported

the use of three or more assistants of any type,

about 45 percent reported that the number included

one or more general optometric assistants.

The following tabulation shows the extent to

which the utilization of general optometric assistants was reflected in the tendency to render specific patient services.

Patient service

l=+=

Refractions --------------

Visual field examinationTonometry ----------------

An&seikonic testing ------

Biomicroscopy ------------

Ophthalmoscopy -----------

Contact lens fitting -----

Visual training

(orthoptics)------------

Developmental vision

Prescribing low vision

aids --------------------

Visual readiness for

reading----------------”

Dispensing and adjusting

eyeware -----------------

Frame repa&rs ------------

l?abrication of eyeware---

Percent

96 I

91

89 77

36.

96

89

39

47

25

38

23

93

84

35

Note that the addition of general optometric

assistants generally increased the tendency to

perform all the clinical functions except routine

refractions. It was most dramatically manifest

in the tendency toperformthediagnosticfunctions

of biomicroscopy andtonometry.

Utilization of Optometric

Technicians

There were 707 reports of utilization of

optometric technicians. Assistants of this type

were distributed according to the following conditions of usage. About 36 percent of the reports

of utilization specified utilization on ajidl-tirne

unslzaved basis, 44 percent specified aji.dl-time

shared basis, 11 percent specified a pwt-time

unshared basis, and 9 percent specified utilization on a pavt-time shaved basis. Thus in contrast with the utilization of administrative personnel and general optometric assistants, fulltime shared utilization was the most popular

condition of usage for optometric technicians

although part-time shared utilization remained

the least popular.

Of the relatively fewoptometrists (650) who

utilized optometric technicians, about 75 percent

used one, about 16 percent used two, and about

10 percent used three or more. Of optometrists

who reported using only one assistant of any

type, fewer than 1 percent reported that this one

assistant was an optometric technician. Of those

who reported that they used two assistants, about

4 percent repofted that the two included at least

one optometric technician. And, of those who

reported the use of three or more assistants of

any type, about 13 percent reported that the number

included one or more optometric technicians,

The following tabulation shows the extent to

which the utilization of optometric technicians

was reflected in the tendency to render specific

patient services. Except for a slightly negative

effect on the function of dispeming and adjusting, the addition of optometric technicians generally increased the tendency of optometrists

to render all of the clinical functions. Most

pronounced was the increased tendency to perform the diagnostic functions of biomicroscopy

and aniseikonic testing.

/
Patient service

Refraction---------------

Visual field examinationTonometry----------------

Aniseikonic testing------

Biomicroscopy------------

Ophthalmoscopy-----------

Contact lens fitting-----

Visual training

(orthoptics)------------

Developmentalvision-----

Prescribing low vision

aids--------------------

Visual readiness for

reading-----------------

Dispensing and adjusting

eyeware-----------------

Frame repairs------------

Fabrication of eyeware---

Users Nonusers

Percent

100

77

72

::

93

84

53

33

50

33

::

45

Utilization of Dispensing Opticians

99

:2

3;

92

79

50

28

40

26

94

85

36

There were 2,455reportsof utilizationof

dispensingopticians.They were distributedaccording to the followingconditionsof usage.

About 37 percentof the reportsof utilization

specifiedutilizationon a ji.dl-timeunshwed

basis,48 percem on a&n-time shavedbasis,8

percentspecified pwt-timeunshwed utdization,

and 7 percentspecifiedpart-time shaved utilization.Thus,as withtheutilization ofoptometric

technicians,full-timesharedutilization was the

most popularconditionofusage.

Of the 2,231optometristswho utilizeddispensingopticians,about62 percentused one,

about20 percentused two,andabout18percent

used threeor more. Of optometristswho reportedusingonlyoneassistantofanytype,only

about2 percentreportedthatthisoneassistant

was a dispensingoptician.Ofthosewho reported

thattheyused two assistants of anY tYPe,again

only a small proportion (about 12 percent) reported that the two includedatleast onedispensing

optician. However, among optometrists who reportedtheuseofthreeor more assistantsofany

type,a moresubstantialnurnber, about44percent,

tendedto use one or more dispensingopticians.

The followingtabulationshowstheextentto

which theutilizationofdispensingopticianswas

reflected in the tendency to render specific

patientservices.

Patient service

Refractions--------------

Visual field examinationTonometry----------------

Aniseikonic testing------

Biomicroscopy------------

Ophthalmoscopy-----------

Contact lens fitting-----

Visual training

(orthoptics)------------

Developmentalvisi_on-----

Prescribinglow vision

aids--------------------

Visual readiness for

reading-----------------

Dispensing and adjusting

eyeware-----------------

Frame repairs------------

Fabricationof eyeware---

E

Percent

99

:;

8

;:

52

30

41

27

94

86

35

Note thatthetrendrecordedforusersofadministrativepersonnel,generaloptometricassistants,and optometrictechnicianswas generally

reversedamong users of dispensingopticians.

That is,optometristswho were assistedby dispensingopticianshowed a reducedtendcncyto

perform most patientservicesother thanthe

fabricationof eyeware.The presenceof a dispensingopticianappearedtocreateanincreased

tendencytoward specializationamong optometristswho usedthem.

Utilizationof Contact Lens Technicians

There were 539 reports of utilization for

contact lens technicians. Assistants ofthis type

were distributedaccordingtothefollowingconditionsof usage.About26percentofthereports

of utilizationspecifiedutilization on afill-time

unsl.zwed basis,49 percentona~11-time shared

basis, 18 percent specified pwt-timeunshuwd

utilization,and 7 percentspecifiedpad-time

shared utilization. Again,aswithoptometrictechniciansanddispensingopticians,full-timeshared

utilization was thepreferredconditionofusage,

Of therelativelyfewoptometrists(516) who

utilized contact lenstechnicians,about81percent

14
used one, about 12 percent used two, and about

7 percent used three or more. Of the 6,655 optometrists who reported using only one assistant

of any type, only 8 practitioners (O.1 percent)

reported that this one assistant was a contact

lens technician. Of optometrists who reported

that they used two assistants of any type, only

1-2 percent reported that the two included at

least one contact lens technician. When the optometrist used three or more assistants of any

type, there was a somewhat stronger tendency

to include contact lens technicians--about 11

percent of these optometrists reported using one

or more contact lens technicians.

The following tabulation shows the extent to

which the utilization of contact lens technicians

was reflected in the tendency to render specific

putient services.

Patient service

Refractions --------------

Visual field examinationTonometry ----------------

AnLseikonic testing ------

Biomi.croscopy ------------

Ophthalmoscopy -----------

Contact lens fitting -----

Visual training

(orthoptics)------------

Developmental vision -----

P:::ri.bing low vision

-------- -------- ----

Visual readiness for

reading -----------------

Dispensing and adjusting

eyeware-----------+-----

Frame repairs ------------

Fabrication of eyeware---

+

Percent

%

66

8

;:

79

50

29

41

26

94

85

36

rhe use of contact lens technicians understandably increased the tendency to perform the service of contact lens fitting, evidently at the expense of most other patientserviceswithanisuilwnictestingand biomicroscopy being interestingexceptions.

Utilization of Optical Technicians

There were 1,596 reports

optical technicians (shopmen).

of utilization for

They were dis-

-.

tributedaccording to the followingconditionsof

usage. About 28 percent of the reportsofutilizationspecifiedutilizationa~ll-time unshaved

basis,51 percent on afi11-timesha~ed basis, 12

percent of the reports specified part-time unshared utilization, and 9 percent specified parttime sh~ed utilization. As it waswith optometric

technicians, dispensing opticians, andcontact lens

technicians, there is aclearpreference for fulltime shared utilization of this type of assistant.

Gf the 1,474 optometrists whoutilized optical technicians (shopmen), about 67 percent used

one, about 17 percent used two, and about 17

percent used three or more. Of optometrists who

reported using only one assistant of any type,

fewer than 1 percent reported that this one

assistant was an optics-l technician. Of those who

reported that they used two assistants of any

type, again only a small proportion (about 7 percent) reported that the two included at least one

optical technician. However, among optometrists

who reported the use of three of more assistants

of any type, a more substantial proportion (about

30 percent) tended to use one or more optical

technicians.

The following tabulation shows the extent to

which the utilization of optical technicians was

reflected in the tendency to render specific

patientservices.

Patient servi,ce

Refractions---------------

Visual field examination--

Tonometry-----------------

Aniseikonic testing-------

Biomicroscopy -------------

Ophthalmoscopy ------------

Contact lens fitting------

Visual training

(orthoptics)-------------

Developmental vision-----Prescribing low vision

aids-------:-------------

Visual readiness for

reading------------------

Dispensing and adjusting

eyeware---------------.--

Frame repairs -------------

Fabrication of eyeware----

Users Nonusers

Percent

99

69

62

7

;:

78

39

22

38

20

93

::

——

99

::

8

:;

79

51

29

41

26

94

85

34

15
Predictably, users of optical technicians showed

an increased tendency towards the fabrication of

eyeware. As a possible consequence of this increased emphasis, the tendency was to reduce

the provision of most of the other patient services.

The optometrist’s utilization of supplementary personnel is summarized in the table that

follows:

Type of assistant

Number

of

reports

of

utilizat ion

Secretaries/receptionists------

General optometric assistants-Optometric technicians ---------

Dispensing opticians -----------

Contact lens technicians-------

Optical technicians (shopmen)--

Other type personnel (e.g.,

orthoptists)------------------

14,661

4,832

707

2,455

535

1,586

707

Optometrists were notthe onlyprofessional

group with a need for supplementary eye-care

personnel. Ophthalmologists used them too. The

findings of the 1968 survey of ophthalmologists

suggest a substantial overlap between optometrists and ophthalmologists in their need for and

use of certain types of eye-care personnel. For

example, among ophthalmologists surveyed, there

were 1,794 reports of utilization of optical fitters

(including opticians). There were also l,263reports of utilization of laboratory, ophthalmic,

and contact lens technicians, 646 reports of

utilization of orthoptists,222 reports of utilization

of optometrists, and 439 reports of utilization

of other clinical (eye-care) assistants (Series 14,

Number9).

000

16
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

Table 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Number and percent

week, according to

Number and percent

week. accordin~ to

distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per

State: United States, 1968-----------------------------------

distribution of optometrists. by number of patient visits per

geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometris~: United ;tates, l968------------------------------------------------------

Number and pe~cent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per

week, according to selected professional characteristics of the

United States, l968----------------------------------.------.---.---~!;~~~~~~

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per

week, according to State: United states, 1968-----------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per

week, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, l968------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per

week, according to selected professional

LlnitedStates, 1968

characteristics of the optometrist:

-------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel of all types used to assist in practice, according

States, 1968

to State: United

---------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected

characteristics of the optometrist: United states, 1968-------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel used to assist in practice, according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: United states, 1968-------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of secretaries +nd/or

receptionists used to assist

1968

in practice, according to State: United States,

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of secretaries andjor

receptionists used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, ~968--------.---------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by the number of secretaries

and/or receptionists they used to assist in practice, according to selected pro.

fessional characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968---------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric

assistants they used

1968

to assist in practice, according to State: UMted States,

-.--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric

assistants they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and

selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, ~968----------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric

assistants they used to assiat in practice, according to selected professional

characteristics of the optometrist: United states, ~968-------------------------

Page

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

47

17
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES-Con.

Table 16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optometric technicians they used to assist in practice, according to State: United States,

l968----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optometric technicians they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optometric technicians they used to assist in practice, according to selected professional

characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968-------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians

they used to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968-------

Number and percent distributionof optometrists by number of dispensing opticians

they used to assistin practice according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968-------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians

they used to assist in practice, according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968-------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians they used to assist in practice,according to State:United States,1968---

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians they used to assist in practice, according to selected professional

characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968-------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians

(shopmen) they used to asaist in practice, according to State: United States,

l968----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians

(shopmen) they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians

(shopmen) they used to assist in practice, according to selected professional

characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968-------------------------

Page

49

51

53

55

57

59

61

63

65

67

69

71

18
Table 1. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week, according to State: United States, 1968

State

United States----------------------------

Alabama----------------------------------------

Alaska-----------------------------------------

Arizona----------------------------------------

Arkansas---------------------------------------

California:------------------------------------

Colorado---------------------------------------

Connecticut------------------------------------

Delaware---------------------------------------

District of Columbia---------------------------

Florida----------------------------------------

Georgia----------------------------------------

Hawaii-----------------------------------------

Idaho--------------------------------------------

Illinois---------------------------------------

Indiana----------------------------------------

Iowa-------------------------------------------

Kansas-----------------------------------------

Kentucky---------------------------------------

Louisiana--------------------------------------

Maine------------------------------------------

Maryland---------------------------------------

Massachusetts----------------------------------

Michigan---------------------------------------

Minnesota--------------------------------------

Mississippi------------------------------------

Missouri---------------------------------------

Montana----------------------------------------

Nebraska---------------------------------------

Nevada-----------------------------------------

New Hampshire----------------------------------

New Jersey-------------------------------------

New Mexico-------------------------------------

New York---------------------------------------

North Carolina---------------------------------

North Dakota-----------------------------------

Ohio-------------------------------------------

Olclahoma---------------------------------------

Oregon-----------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-----------------------------------

Rhode Island-----------------------------------

south Carolina---------------------------------

south Dakota-----------------------------------

Tennessee--------------------------------------

Texas------------------------------------------

Utah-------------------------------------------

Vermont----------------------------------------

Virginia---------------------------------------

Washington-------------------------------------

West Virginia----------------------------------

Wisconsin--------------------------------------

Wyoming----------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Total

optometrists

Les;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 I::r:r

Number

18,29:

18(

1:

12:

151

2,22:

18(

258

35

4;:

261

64

l,6~t

503

336

229

229

222

116

174

714

708

353

120

431

1:?

36

70

674

71

1,587

320

9;?

245

265

1,133

132

155

94

292

740

74

38

272

356

147

428

41

1,578

6

4:

13

14

7

203

41

16

18

19

28

13

ii

33

13

3:

8

12

1

3

79

2

120

22

6+

20

10

9

1

18

28

14

28

3

3,762

-

4,98S

-

47

5

36

6%

60

72

8

1;:

60

14

4:;

126

:;

55

56

34

1:;

204

106

1::

;;

10

25

191

4::

85

2;;

66

71

283

39

49

:;

179

24

12

;;

41

131

10

5,221

69

96

7

4;;

153

150

;:

60

33

123

5;;

83

2:;

82

61

270

30

50

21

108

280

26

11

1%

1::

12

19
Table 1. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week, according to State: United States, 1968—Con.

State

United States----------------------------

Alabama----------------------------------------

Alaska-----------------------------------------

Arizona----------------------------------------

Arkansas---------------------------------------

California-------------------------------------

Colorado---------------------------------------

Connecticut------------------------------------

Delaware---------------------------------------

District of Columbia---------------------------

Florida----------------------------------------

Georgia----------------------------------------

Hawaii-----------------------------------------

Idaho------------------------------------------

Illinois---------------------------------------

Indiana----------------------------------------

Iowa-------------------------------------------

Kansas-----------------------------------------

Kentucky---------------------------------------

Louisiana--------------------------------------

Maine------------------------------------------

Maryland---------------------------------------

Massachusetts----------------------------------

Michigan---------------------------------------

Minnesota--------------------------------------

Mississippi------------------------------------

Missouri---------------------------------------

Montana----------------------------------------

Nebraska---------------------------------------

Nevada-----------------------------------------

New Hampshire ----------------------------------

New .Tersey -------------------------------------

New Mexico-------------------------------------

New York ---------------------------- ---------- -

North Carolina---------------------------------

North Dakota-----------------------------------

Ohio-------------------------------------------

Oklahoma---------------------------------------

Oregon-----------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-----------------------------------

Rhode Island-----------------------------------

South Carolina---------------------------------

South Dakota-----------------------------------

Tennessee--------------------------------------

Texas------------------------------------------

Utah-------------------------------------------

Vermont----------------------------------------

Virginia---------------------------------------

Washington-------------------------------------

West Virginia----------------------------------

Wisconsin--------------------------------------

Wyoming----------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Total

optometrists

L=;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 l::r:r

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

10000

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100:0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Percent distribution

8.6

12:

4.7

3.6

;:;

8.5

7.5

2:;

11.7

2.9

:::

1.6

;::

1;::

13.5

20.6

15.7

2;:;

18.4

21.8

20.9

24.8

23.3

15.3

18.9

14.1

37.7

22.1

22.0

18.7

13.2

14.4

19.2

24.8

20.2

23.8

32.2

16.2

13.6

24.6

20.6

34+2

17.1

27.3

13.6

30.5

1::;

24.7

23.8

16.7

15.7

26.4

23.1

25.2

20.0

21.6

16.7

16.1

17.5

22.9

21.1

17.3

16.6

16.7

25.0

27’.3

26.4

31.3

28.7

22.8

30.4

32.6

28.0

23.3

25.4

27.5

22.9

21.3

31.2

25.9

25.1

21.5

28.7

23.8

25.3

29.4

26.9

27.9

28.8

30.0

21.1

26.3

22.0

26.0

27.3

36.4

28.3

42.0

25.9

26.7

28.6

29.5

27.1

26.8

25.0

29.4

31.7

33.0

21.5

24.2

31.8

31.4

27.5

27.3

28.1

30.6

25.0

15.0

16.4

37.5

15.7

17.7

13.4

16.3

18.4

26.7

23.7

19.8

21.7

2:::

12.1

17.6

15.8

15.7

16.4

10.1

11.0

23.1

11.9

17.7

17.0

18.4

14.3

12.2

21.2

12.1

21.2

11.2

20.3

13.2

15.9

17.5

15.7

15.3

16.4

15.6

9.2

1?::

17.5

15.8

14.3

14.3

15.4

16.7

13.7

16.9

11.1

28.5

38.4

18.8

28.7

32.4

26.0

20.9

14.8

10.0

25.4

25.6

36.6

11.5

18.2

27.3

30.s

44.7

33.3

32.2

27.3

28.4

20.0

15.1

32.6

35.8

29.0

30.1

23.2

28.1

30.3

24.2

18.3

26.1

35.0

26.0

28.6

30.8

33.6

23.2

23.8

22.7

32.4

22.7

37.1

37.9

34.9

28.6

29.6

30.9

32.4

29.3

30.6

20
Table 2. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week,according

to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968

Geographic area and selected characteristics o

optometrist

United States----------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast--------------------------------------

~~ Central----------------------------------

---------.-------------------------------

West------------------------------------------

Geographic divi?ion

New England------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic--------------------------------

East North Central-----------------------------

West North Central-----------------------------

South Atlantic---------------------------------

East South Central-----------------------------

West South Central-----------------------------

pa~g~---------------------------------------

----------------.-------------------.---

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region I---------------------------------------

Region II--------------------------------------

Region III-------------------------------------

Region IV--------------------------------------

Region V---------------------------------------

Region VI--------------------------------------

Region VII-------------------------------------

Region VIII------------------------------------

Region IX--------------------------------------

Region X---------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years----------------------------------

25-34 years------------------------------------

35-44 years------------------------------------

45-54 years------------------------------------

55-64 years------------------------------------

65-74 years------------------------------------

75 years and over-------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male--------------------------------------------

Female-----------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

ps:~:es --------------------------------------

----------------- ------------ -----------

2 States---------------------------------------

3 States or more-------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked ,

1-34 hours-------------------------------------

35-39 hours-----------------------------------

40 hours---------------------------------------

41-44 hours------------------------------------

45-48 hours------------------------------------

49 hours or more-------------------------------

Number of patient -Tisitsper week

Total

Optometrists

=es;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 I::r;

18,299

4,721

5,838

4,107

3,633

1,327

3,394

4,168

1,670

1,929

820

1,358

709

2,924

1,327

2,261

1,834

2,049

:,:;;

1:151

556

2,448

725

2,0%

;,40;

2;601

1,205

396

17,912

387

13,9%

3,355

1,005

2,153

2,897

4,218

2,330

3,431

3,269

l,57f

502

475

301

296

162

34C

373

106

14C

1:?

22:

162

199

197

139

386

109

84

2%

55

152

252

406

243

325

191

1,495

84

1>29$

2;;

730

178

273

108

162

126

Number

3,762

1,129

1,065

772

795

369

760

788

278

382

150

240

155

641

369

498

404

390

836

246

192

130

545

152

4%

940

1,199

667

373

90

1,656

106

7

!,915

:5:

569

747

885

475

616

470

4,989

1,266

1,599

1,045

1,079

382

885

1,149

449

519

190

336

217

862

3Q2

601

473

520

1,255

365

292

165

735

200

5;:

1,509

1,843

742

270

56

4,900

89

3,7::

949

271

414

857

1,236

638

970

874

2,750

639

894

691

525

178

$;;

269

349

140

203

113

413

178

284

306

360

685

218

183

3%

127

30:

907

.,106

3;;

25

!,711

38

!,034

551

164

159

458

660

385

540

547

5,221

1,185

1,801

1,297

938

237

948

1,233

568

540

286

472

179

759

237

678

$$

1,359

490

400

140

631

191

5;!

1,791

2,079

;:;

34

5,150

70

3,91$

990

316

281

656

1,165

724

1,143

1,252

21
Table 2. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week,according

to geographic area and selectedcharacteristicsof the optometrist:UnitedStates,1968—Con.

Geographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrist

UnitedStates-----------------------------

Geozrauhicregion

Northeast---------------------------------------

gb;;; Central-----------------------------------

-----------------------------------------

West--------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England-------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic---------------------------------

East North Central------------------------------

West North Central------------------------------

South Atlantic----------------------------------

East South Central------------------------------

West SouthCentral------------------------------

Mountain----------------------------------------

Pacific-----------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

I

------------------------- -------- -------

11---------------------------------------

111--------------------------------------

Iv---------------------------------------

v----------------- ----------------------

w----------------------------------------

VII--------------------------------------

VIII--------------:----------------------

IX---------------------------------------

x-------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years----------------------------------

25-34years-------------------------------------

35-44years-------------------------------------

45-54years-------------------------------------

55-64years-------------------------------------

65-74years-------------------------------------

75 years and over-------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male--------------------------------------------

Female------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States---------------------------------------

1 State-----------------------------------------

2 States----------------------------------------

3 States or more--------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34hours--------------------------------------

35-39hours-------------------------------------

40 hours----------------------------------------

41-44hours-------------------------------------

45-48hours-------------------------------------

49 hours or more--------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Total ,

>tometristsII‘es;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 l;~r~r

I I

Percentdistribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

8.6

10.6

8.2

7.3

8.1

12.2

10.0

R

H

::?

8.5

12.2

1::!

6.8

8,5

7.7

7.3

7.0

8.6

7.6

1;.:

4:7

6.1

9.4

27.0

48.3

8.3

21.6

11.4

::;

6.5

33.9

6.2

::;

4.7

3.9

20.6

23.9

18.3

18.8

21.9

27.8

22.4

18.9

16.6

19.8

18.3

17.7

21.8

21.9

27.8

22.0

22.0

19.0

18.5

17.2

16.7

23.4

22.3

20.9

26.7

23.8

17.4

18.1

25.7

31.0

22.7

20.4

27.4

33.3

20.9

19.5

18.7

26.4

25.8

21.0

20.4

18.0

14.4

27.3

26.8

27.4

25.4

29.7

28.8

26.1

27.6

26.9

26.9

23.2

24.7

30.5

29.5

28.8

26.6

25.8

25.4

27.8

25.6

25.4

29.8

30.0

27.7

17.3

27.8

28.0

27.8

28.5

22.5

14.1

27.4

22.9

49.9

27.0

28.3

27.0

19.2

29.6

29.3

27.4

28.3

26.7

15.0

13.5

15.3

;:.!

.

13.4

13.6

15.0

16.1

18.1

17.1

15.0

15.9

14.1

13.4

12.6

16.7

17.6

15.2

15.2

15.9

14.7

13.4

17.6

13.9

15.3

16.8

16.7

12.0

::;

15.1

9.9

14.6

16.4

16.3

7.4

15.8

15.6

16.5

15.7

16.7

28.5

25.1

30.8

31.6

25.8

17.8

27.9

29.6

34.0

28.0

34.8

34.8

25.3

26.0

17.8

30.0

24.8

31.3

30.1

;’$;

25:2

25.8

26.3

28.3

25.5

33.2

31.3

24.5

1;.:

.

28.8

18.2

5.4

28.1

29.5

31.5

13.0

22.7

27.6

31.1

33.3

38.3

22
Table 3. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week, according to selected Professional characteristics of the optometrist: United States. 1968

Selected professional characteristics of

optometrist

United States----------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

S010 practice--------------------------------

Partnership----------------------------------

Group practice-------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists---------------------------------

Ophthalmologists or other physicians---------

Profit-making firms--------------------------

N;~$~fit organizations (including govern-

---------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------

Number of optometrists in partnership or g-roup

practice

2 optometrists ---------------------------------

3 optometrists ---------------------------------

4 optometrists or more-------------------------

Not applicable---------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office ---------------------------------------

2 offices--------------------------------------

3 offices or more------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients--------------------------

25-49 patients---------------------------------

50-74 patients---------------------------------

75-99 patients---------------------------------

100 patients or more---------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

No assistant-----------------------------------

1 assistant------------------------------------

2 assistants-----------------------------------

3 assistants or more---------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 services-----------------------------------

4-6 services-----------------------------------

7-9 services-----------------------------------

10 services or more----------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions------------------------------------

Visual field examination-----------------------

Tonometry--------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing----------------------------

Biomicroscopy----------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy---------------------------------

Contact lens fitting---------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)-------------------

Developmental vision---------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids--------------------

Visual readiness for reading-------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware---------------

Frame repairs----------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware-------------------------

Other------------------------------------------

–,

Number of patient visits per week

Total I t 1 I

optometrists II‘es;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 l&~r

18,299

13,510

2,178

530

951

171

636

183

140

2,105

421

182

15,592

15,083

2,806

410

4,086

6,886

3,719

1,726

1,881

3,960

6,655

3,883

3,801

900

4,075

7,344

5,980

18,238

13,780

12,098

1,528

5,907

16,928

14,521

9,128

5,225

7,450

4,735

17,122

15,532

6,610

718

Number

1,578

1,254

88

29

62

10

50

50

35

101

13

1,46?

1,368

181

29

1,578

910

408

132

129

261

532

495

290

1,561

1,002

653

127

274

1,244

817

670

352

443

328

1,350

1,128

354

37

3,762

3,104

305

60

147

::

26

19

306

:;

3,396

3,097

590

75

L,549

?,214

1,352

1,511

543

356

216

930

1,509

L,107

3,752

Z,787

~,254

299

1,012

3,423

?,821

L,917

L,056

L,404

963

3,511

1,115

L,243

139

4,989

3>886

526

123

239

1::

29

22

505

100

44

i,340

k,103

787

98

709

!,723

.,556

L,000

2>134

1,051

803

186

1,052

?,070

L,680

i,973

3,878

3,436

376

1,662

~,700

t,080

~ 561

[;476

?,040

.,351

1,712

t,285

.,746

193

2,750

2,024

345

74

122

34

89

41

20

335

58

27

2,330

2,272

421

57

117

988

975

669

278

1,132

720

620

4;:

1,152

1,047

2,746

2,219

2,043

230

1,038

2,642

2,343

1,496

875

1,269

778

2,595

2,402

L,057

127

5,221

3,241

913

244

381

2;!

::

859

205

4,0::

4,243

826

152

133

961

1,188

1,058

1,881

420

1,470

1,437

1,894

159

1,089

2,118

1,856

5,206

3,894

3,;;;

1,921

4,918

4,460

2,485

1,467

2,294

1,315

4,953

4,602

2,210

222

23
Table 3. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week, accord.

irm to selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist: United States, 1968—COn.

It

Selected professional characteristicsof

optometrist

United States----------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice--------------------------------

Partnership----------------------------------

Group practice-------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists---------------------------------

Ophthalmologists or other physicians---------

Profit-making firms--------------------------

N~~fit organizations (including govern-

---------------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------

Number of optometrists in partnership or group

uractice

2 optometrists---------------------------------

3 optometrists---------------------------------

4 optometrists or more-------------------------

Not applicable---------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office---------------------------------------

2 offices--------------------------------------

3 offices or more------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients--------------------------

25-49 patients---------------------------------

50-74 patients---------------------------------

75-99 patients---------------------------------

100 patients or more---------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

No assistant-----------------------------------

.1assistant------------------------------------

2 assistants-----------------------------------

3 assistants or more---------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 services-----------------------------------

4-6 services-----------------------------------

7-9 services-----------------------------------

10 services or more----------------------------

Tvoe of optometric service

Refractions------------------------------------

Visual field examination-----------------------

Tonometry--------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing----------------------------

Biomicroscopy----------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy---------------------------------

Contact lens fitting---------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)-------------------

Developmental vision---------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids--------------------

Visual readiness for reading-------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware---------------

Frame repairs-------,---------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware-------------------------

Other------------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Total

optometrists

Les;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 L;:r:r

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100 ;o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

8.6

N

5.5

::;

7.8

27.4

25.4

4.8

3.1

1.8

9.4

:::

7,0

38.6

23.0

6.1

3.4

3.4

29.0

13.1

::;

;:5

5.4

::2

7.4

5.6

7.3

H

::;

7.3

5.4

5.2

20.6

23.0

14.0

11.4

15.5

10.3

13.0

14.0

13.3

14.5

10.8

2;:;

20.5

21.0

18.3

37.9

32.2

34.1

22.7

14.0

9.4

24.1

22.8

20.6

18.5

20.6

20.2

18.6

19.6

17.1

20.2

19.4

21.0

20.2

18,9

20.3

20.5

20.1

18.8

19.4

27.3

28.8

24.2

23.1

25.2

18.0

21.0

15.6

15.8

24.0

23.6

24.3

27.8

27.2

28.1

23.9

17.4

39.5

41.8

25.3

32.1

27.1

21.1

20.7

25.8

28.2

28.1

27.3

28.1

28.4

24.6

28.1

27.8

28.1

28.1

28.3

27.4

28.5

27.5

27.6

26.4

26.9

15.0

15.0

15.9

14.0

12.9

20.0

13.9

22.2

14.2

15.9

13.7

14.9

14.9

15.1

15,0

13.9

1:::

26,2

38.7

1;:8

18.5

16.3

1;::

15.7

17.5

15.1

16.1

16.9

15.1

17.6

15.6

16.1

16.4

16.8

17.0

16.4

15.2

15.5

16.0

17.6

28.5

24.0

41.9

46.0

40.0

45.8

44.3

20.8

31.4

40.8

48.7

51.0

26.1

28.1

29,4

37.0

1:::

31.9

61.3

100.0

10.6

22:1

37.0

49.8

17.6

26.7

28.8

31.0

28.5

28.3

30.7

32.4

32.5

;:.+

27:2

28.1

30.8

27.8

28.9

29.6

33.4

31.0

24
Table 4. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, according to State: United States. 1968

State

LlnitedStates----------------------------

Alabama----------------------------------------

Alaska-----------------------------------------

ArLzona----------------------------------------

Arkansas---------------------------------------

California-------------------------------------

Colorado---------------------------------------

Connecticut------------------------------------

Delaware---------------------------------------

::::&at d Colmbia ---------------------------

----------------------------------------

Georgia----------------------------------------

Iiw&------------------------------”----------

----------------------------------------.-

Illinois---------------------------------------

Indiana----------------------------------------

Iowa-------------------------------------------

Kansas-----------------------------------------

Kentucky---------------------------------------

Louisiana--------------------------------------

Malnc----------,---------------------------------

Maryland----------------------------------------

Massachusetts----------------------------------

Michigan---------------------------------------

Minnesota--------------------------------------

Mississippi------------------”-----------------

Ffissouri---------------------------------------

Montana----------------------------------------

Nebraska-------------------------- ---------------

Nevada-----------------------------------------

New Hampshire----------------------------------

New Setsey -------------------------------------

NewMexico-------------------------------------

NewYork ---------------------------------------

North Carolina---------------------------------

North Dakota-----------------------------------

~hio-------------------------------------------

Qklahoma---------------------------------------

Oregon----------------------------------------.

Pennsylvania-----------------------------------

Rhode Island -----------------------------------

South Carolina---------------------------------

South Dakota-----------------------------------

Tennessee--------------------------------------

Wx&--.-------.-----------------------”-------

-------------------..----........-----------

Ver,nont----------------------------------------

Virginia----------------------------------------

Washington-------------------------------------

West Virginia--------------------- ---------------

Wisconsin--------------------------------------

Wyoming----------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Total 1 I I I

optometristsII‘es~5than 25:49 50-74 75-99 l~~r11 I I I I

Number

18,299

180

1$;

151

2,222

186

258

261

64

86

1,602

503

336

229

229

222

116

174

714

708

353

120

431

l%

36

70

674

71

1,587

320

9%

245

265

1,133

132

155

2%

740

74

2%

356

147

428

41

4,086

23

2:

5Z;

41

71

1;

123

39

25

4::

98

53

;

27

35

230

;:

33

92

18

31

9

11

210

5

249

?:

172

54

3X

42

33

27

lx

17

5:

82

39

82

8

6,886

71

5;

7%

J:

18

24

195

87

28

28

577

194

114

99

87

::

3;:

285

137

39

1:;

51

14

37

283

38

601

129

3::

%

421

47

64

%

234

21

&

130

55

165

20

50

3:

4;

60

5

10;

57

5

3;:

31

105

186

;;

91

12

38

1:

103

3::

59

14

212

45

&

27

31

::

154

19

5:

g

7

15

2

::

232

13

14

1

::

37

3

12:

51

50

27

24

10

13

23

41

76

33

13

33

1?

1

7

33

16:

21

10?

36

&

10

14

;:

85

:

19

31

:2

2

1,881

21

1:

2%

16

8

2

31

42

2

17;

48

i;

21

15

6

12

29

75

54

4!

1;

4

4

44

9

215

14

12;

16

27

82

7

13

3

1::

12

3

;;

11

45

3

25
Table 4. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, according to State: United States, 1968-Con.

State

United States----------------------------

Alabama----------------------------------------

Alaska-----------------------------------------

Arizona----------------------------------------

Arkansas---------------------------------------

California-------------------------------------

Colorado---------------------------------------

Connecticut------------------------------------

Delaware---------------------------------------

;;~)~t of Columbia---------------------------

---------------------------------------

Georgia ----------------------------------------

Hawaii-----------------------------------------

Idaho------------------------------------------

Illinois---------------------------------------

Indiana----------------------------------------

Iowa-------------------------------------------

Kansas-----------------------------------------

Kentucky---------------------------------------

Louisiana--------------------------------------

Maine------------------------------------------

Maryland---------------------------------------

Massachusetts----------------------------------

Michigan---------------------------------------

Minnesota--------------------------------------

Mississippi------------------------------------

Missouri---------------------------------------

Montana----------------------------------------

Nebraska---------------------------------------

Nevada-----------------------------------------

New Hampshire----------------------------------

New Jersey-------------------------------------

New Mexico -------------------------------------

New York---------------------------------------

North Carolina---------------------------------

North Dakota-----------------------------------

Ohio-------------------------------------------

Oklahoma---------------------------------------

Oregon-----------.---------------.-------------

Pennsylvania-----------------------------------

Rhode Island-----------------------------------

South Carolina---------------------------------

South Dakota-----------------------------------

Tennessee--------------------------------------

Texas------------------------------------------

Utah-------------------------------------------

Vermont----------------------------------------

Virginia---------------------------------------

Washington-------------------------------------

West Virginia----------------------------------

Wisconsin--------------------------------------

Wyoming----------------------------------------

=lFi=EF Number of patienta seen per week

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Percent distribution

22.3

12.6

12.5

16.5

20.6

24.8

22.1

27.6

26.7

20.3

25.0

14.9

39.3

27.3

26.1

19.5

15.8

14.8

20.6

28.3

22.9

20.0

32.2

12.4

15.8

27.2

21.3

20.7

19.9

24.2

15.2

3;.:

15;7

30.4

17.5

18.6

21.8

25.6

28.7

31.9

21.4

28.4

20.0

17.4

22.2

20.0

20.7

23.0

26.6

19.2

19.4

37.6

39.6

43.8

40.9

35.3

34.5

37.8

40.4

50.0

33.9

39.6

33.3

::.;

36:0

38.6

34.1

43.1

37.9

40.9

41.3

42.5

43.2

40.2

38.8

32.5

39.4

46.3

32.9

39.4

53.0

42.0

53.6

37.9

40.2

44.4

34.0

38.4

36.4

37.2

35.3

;:.:

34:2

31.7

28.6

45.7

44.5

36.4

37.4

38.6

50.0

20.3

27.7

25.0

23.5

19.9

20.1

24.4

23.2

13,3

10.2

21.1

21.7

2;::

19.1

22.3

19.6

18.1

22.0

19.7

19.3

17.5

14.7

26.2

20.9

22.8

21.1

13.4

24.7

21.2

15.2

15.3

15.9

22.8

18.6

19.1

22.9

18.3

19.6

17.6

20.2

20.0

23.9

22.6

20.8

25.4

14.3

20.2

;:.:

20:7

16.7

9.4

1::;

7.8

1::!

7.0

5.6

2;:;

.

14.1

1:::

1::?

14.8

11.6

10.3

1:::

13.1

$:

10:5

;::

10.3

1:::

4.9

10.1

10.1

1::$

11,1

14.9

8.4

;.:

.

1:::

1;:;

1/::

6.9

8.8

1%:

5.6

10.3

12.0

1!:!

14.7

10.1

8.7

3.2

1::;

6.2

16.1

3.3

7.8

10.9

12:1

12.5

9.4

6.6

5.5

6.9

1::3

15.2

1;::

12:3

12.1

6.1

1:::

13.6

4.4

1!:!

1:::

7.2

5.0

8.3

1:::

18.7

1;.:

.

1::;

1;::

8.3
Table 5. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, according

to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States. 1968

Geographic areaandselected characteristics of

optometrist

United States----------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast--------------------------------------

lJJg~ Central----------------------------------

------------------------------------------

west-------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic--------------------------------

East North Central-----------------------------

West North Central-----------------------------

South Atlantic---------------------------------

East South Central-----------------------------

West South Central-----------------------------

Mountain---------------------------------------

Pacific----------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region I---------------------------------------

Region II--------------------------------------

Region III-------------------------------------

Region IV--------------------------------------

Region V---------------------------------------

Region VI--------------------------------------

Region VII-------------------------------------

Region VIII ------------------------------------

Region IX--------------------------------------

Region X---------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years---------------------------------

25-34 years------------------------------------

35-44 years------------------------------------

45-54 years------------------------------------

55-64 years------------------------------------

65-74 years------------------------------------

75 years and over------------------------------

Sex of optometrist ‘

Male-------------------------------------------

Female -----------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States--------------------------------------

1 State----------------------------------------

2 States---------------------------------------

3 States or more-------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours-------------------------------------

35-39 hours------------------------------------

40 hours---------------------------------------

41-44 hours------------------------------------

45-48 hours------------------------------------

49 hours or more-------------------------------

~

Number of patients seen per week

Number

18,299

4,721

5,838

4,107

3,633

1,327

3,394

4,168

1,670

1,929

820

1,358

709

2,924

1,327

2,261

1,834

2,049

4,521

1,429

1,151

556

2,448

725

62

2,004

5,400

6,632

2,601

1,205

396

17,912

387

13,9;8

3,355

1,005

2,153

2,897

4,218

2,330

3,431

3,269

4,086

1,171

1,162

883

870

388

783

858

304

446

161

276

142

728

388

458

479

453

913

281

209

123

606

176

4:2

879

1,236

702

569

251

3,!33:

3,21;

683

179

1,082

649

878

440

579

457

6,886

1,866

2,171

1,536

1,313

561

1,305

1,536

635

767

296

473

285

1,029

561

884

713

771

1,673

511

434

217

861

261

25

731

2,024

2,588

1,039

383

96

5,753

133

8

5,214

1,284

381

627

1,199

1,651

884

1,337

L,188

3,719

894

1,251

844

730

229

665

905

346

378

193

272

151

580

229

466

327

444

979

284

236

119

490

147

4i;

1,243

1,402

471

141

31

3,666

53

4

1,804

699

212

264

566

882

493

751

764

1,726

390

580

409

348

90

299

402

178

185

li:

2;;

90

193

180

190

435

153

126

2::

65

7

208

599

663

190

55

6

L,702

24

1,27;

326

128

2::

::;

342

380

1,881

400

675

436

371

58

342

468

207

153

1;;

2;2

2%

135

191

521

201

146

2$:

76

2

212

655

743

200

57

12

1,850

31

1,41:

363

103

87

220

405

266

423

480

27
Table 5. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, according

to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968—Con.

Geographic area snd selected characteristics of

optometrist

United States----------------------------

Geozrauhic re!zion

Northeast--------------------------------------

:igg Central----------------------------------

------------------------------------------

West-------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic--------------------------------

East North Central-----------------------------

West North Central-----------------------------

South Atlantic---------------------------------

East South Central-----------------------------

West South Central-----------------------------

Mountain---------------------------------------

Pacific----------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region I---------------------------------------

Region II--------------------------------------

Region III-------------------------------------

Region IV--------------------------------------

Region V---------------------------------------

Region VI--------------------------------------

Region VII-------------------------------------

Region VIII------------------------------------

Region IX--------------------------------------

Re~ion X---------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years---------------------------------

25-34 years------------------------------------

35-44 years------------------------------------

45-54 bears------------------------------------

55-64 years------------------------------------

65-74 years------------------------------------

75 years and over------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male-------------------------------------------

Female-----------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States--------------------------------------

1 State----------------------------------------

2 States---------------------------------------

3 States or more-------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours-------------------------------------

35-39 hours------------------------------------

40 hours---------------------------------------

41-44 hours------------------------------------

45-48 hours------------------------------------

49 hours or more-------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Total

optometrists

Les;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 I::rgr

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Percent distribution

22.3

24.8

19.9

21.5

24.G

29.2

23.1

20.6

18.2

23.1

19.6

20.3

20.0

24.9

29.2

20.3

26.1

22.0

20.2

19.7

18.2

22.2

24.7

24.2

24.4

21.7

16.3

18.6

27.0

47.2

63.5

22.0

37.7

33.2

23.1

20.4

17.9

50.3

22.4

20.8

18.9

16.9

14.0

37.6

39.5

37.2

37.4

36.2

42.3

38.5

36.9

38.0

39.8

36.2

34.8

40.2

35.2

42.3

39.1

38.9

37.6

37.0

35.7

37.7

39.1

35.2

36.1

40.6

36.5

37.5

39.0

39.9

31.8

.24.3

37.7

34.4

39.2

37.5

38.3

37.9

29.1

41.4

39.1

37.9

39.0

36.3

20.3

19.0

21.4

20.5

20.1

17.3

19.6

21.7

20.7

19.6

23.5

20.1

21.2

19.8

17.3

20.6

17.8

21.7

21.6

19.9

20.5

21.4

20.0

20.2

20.9

20.9

23.0

21.2

18.1

11.7

7.7

20.5

13.6

22.2

20.1

20.8

21.1

12.3

19.5

20.9

21.2

21.9

23.4

9.4

8.3

1:::

9.6

6.8

;.:

10:6

;::

10.8

1:::

6.8

8.5

9.8

9.3

1%$

10.9

1::;

8.9

10.5

10.4

11.1

10.0

i::

1.4

:::

9.;

1::;

4.3

9.1

1::2

10.0

11.6

10.3

1!::

10.6

10.2

1:::

11.2

12.4

11:;

14,1

10.5

10.1

1;:2

7.4

9.3

11.5

14.0

12.7

1%:

10.5

1:::

12.1

11.2

M

3.1

10.3

8.0

li~

10.8

10.3

4.1

7.6

9.6

11.4

12.3

14.7

28
Table 6. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968

Selected professional characteristics of

optometrist

United States----------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

SOlcIpractice--------------------------------

Partnership--------------- ------------------

Group Ilractice-------------------------------

Employed by:

optometrists---------------------------------

Ophthalmologistsor other physicians---------

Profit-making fires --------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including

goverment) -------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------

Number of optometrists in partnership or group

pract~ce

2 optometrists---------------------------------

3 optometrists--------------------------------..

4 optometrists or more-------------------------

Not applicable---------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office---------------------------------------

2 offices-------------------------------------

3 offices or more------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits----------------------------

25-49 visits-----------------------------------

50-74 Wisits----------.------.-----------------

75-99 visits-----------------------------------

100 visits or more-----------------------------

Number of supplementary helpers of all types

None-------------------------.-----------------

1 assistant------------------------------------

2 assistants-----------------------------------

3 assistants or more---------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 services-----------------------------------

4-6 services-----------------------------------

7-9 services-----------------------------------

10 services or more----------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions------------------------------------

Visual field examination-----------------------

Tonometry--------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing----------------------------

Bfomicroscopy----------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy---------------------------------

Contact lens fitting---------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)-------------------

Developmental vision---------.,-----------------

Prescribing low vision aids--------------------

Visual readiness for reading-------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware---------------

Frame repairs----------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware-------------------------

Other------.-----------------------------------

Total

optometrists

Number of patients seen per week

‘es;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 l’&~r

18,29$

13,51C

2,17E

530

951

171

636

183

140

2,105

421

182

15,592

15,083

2,806

410

1,578

3,762

4,989

2,750

5,221

3,960

6,655

3,883

3,801

900

4,075

7,344

5,980

18,238

13,780

12,098

1,528

5,907

16,928

1$,;;;

5;225

7,450

4,735

17,122

1;,:;;

‘718

4,086

3,404

259

61

152

;:

::

279

36

3,762

3,;;;

68

1,578

1,549

709

117

133

1,812

1,459

$;;

356

1,131

1,532

1,068

4,062

2,903

2,187

311

978

3,575

2,755

1,984

1,046

1,395

941

3,769

3,323

1,239

145

Number

6,886

5,478

729

151

278

1:;

34

23

714

U?

6,O;;

5,678

1,069

140

2,211

2,723

988

961

1,447

2,912

1,498

3.,028

245

1,463

2,892

2,285

5,870

5,312

L,724

532

~,178

),448

$2556

3,523

2,048

2,815

1,831

6,541

5,921

2,439

257

3,719

2,571

533

127

236

1%

Z

505

111

3,02:

3,048

590

81

1,556

975

L,188

459

1,368

942

952

148

727

L,534

L,31O

3,710

!,827

!,610

315

L,326

},521

),125

!,852

1,118

1,631

1,032

3,509

3,237

1,492

149

1,726

1,082

271

60

121

43

88

36

25

257

58

1,3;2

1,407

2;;

666

1,058

142

525

464

596

3;;

695

632

L,723

1,357

L,252

171

680

.,638

-,;;;

493

777

442

L,571

L,466

667

66

1,881

975

384

132

163

46

138

24

19

350

100

1,32:

1,488

317

76

l,88i

101

392

489

900

4;;

691

685

1,874

1,381

1,325

199

744

1,747

1,596

890

521

831

489

1,731

1,585

773

101

29
Table 6. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968—Con.

Selected professional characteristicsof

optometrist

United States-----------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice---------------------------------

Partnership-----------------------------------

Group practice--------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists----------------------------------

Ophthalmologists or other physicians----------

Profit-making firms---------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including

government)---------------------------------

Other-------------------------------------------

Number of optometrists in partnership or group

practice

2 optometrists----------------------------------

3 optometrists----------------------------------

4 optometrists or more--------------------------

Not applicable----------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office----------------------------------------

2 offices---------------------------------------

3 offices or more-------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits-----------------------------

25-49 visits------------------------------------

50-74 visits------------------------------------

75-99 visits------------------------------------

100 visits or more------------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

None--------------------------------------------

1 assistant-------------------------------------

2 assistants------------------------------------

3 assistants or more----------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 services------------------------------------

4-6 services------------------------------------

7-9 services------------------------------------

10 services or mo~e-----------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions-------------------------------------

Visual field examination------------------------

Tonometry---------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing-----------------------------

Biomicroscopy-----------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy----------------------------------

Contact lens fitting----------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)--------------------

Developmental vision----------------------------

Prescribing Iow vision aids---------------------

Visual readiness for reading--------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware----------------

Frame repairs-----------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware--------------------------

Other-------------------------------------------

30

II

II Number ofpatients seenper week

Total

ptometrists

Les;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 l::r:r

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

10000

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Percent distribution

22.3

25.2

11.9

11.5

16.0

1%;

33.6

34.0

13.2

8.5

2::;

23.0

19.8

16.6

100.0

41.2

14.2

4.3

2.5

45.7

21.9

12.6

8.6

39.6

27.7

20.9

17.9

22.3

21.1

18.1

20.4

16.6

21.1

19.0

21.7

20.0

18.7

19.9

22.0

21.4

18.8

20.2

37.6

40.6

33.5

28.5

29.3

16.9

25.7

18.7

16.5

33.9

27.8

27.2

38.5

37.6

38.1

34.1

58.;

54.6

36.0

18.4

36.5

43.8

38.6

27.1

27.3

35.9

39.4

38.2

37.7

38.6

39.1

34.8

36.9

38.1

38.3

38.6

39.2

37.8

38.7

38.2

38.1

36.9

35.8

20.3

19.0

24.5

23.9

24.9

21.1

25.5

14.8

18.2

24.0

26.3

24.7

19.6

20.2

21.0

19.8

-

31.;

35.5

22.8

11.6

20.6

24.3

25.0

16.5

17.9

20.9

21.9

20.3

20.5

21.6

20.6

22.5

20.8

21.5

20.3

21.4

21.9

21.8

20.5

20.8

22.6

20.8

9.4

1!::

11.3

12.7

25.2

13.9

19.7

18.1

12.2

13.7

:::

9.3

1?:!

24.3

20.3

3.6

7.9

11.9

15.7

8.0

R

10.6

;:2

10.4

11.2

11.5

1::;

9.6

,

J:;

9.3

9.2

1::!

9.2

10.3

1;:;

24.9

17.2

27.1

21.7

13.1

13.2

16.6

23.7

36.5

8.8

1?:;

18.5

36.;

$:

12.6

23.7

1::!

1?::

10.3

10.0

11.0

13.0

12.6

10.3

11.0

1:::

11.2

10.3

10.1

10.2

11.7

14.1
Table 7. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel of all

types used to assist in practice, according to State: United states, 1968

State

United States------------------------------------

fala:s -------- ---------- -------- --.----- .-------- -----

------- ------- -.---------- ------- -----.---- ------

Arizona------------------------.-----------------------

Arkansas-----------------------------------------------

California---------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------

Delaware-----------------------------------------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------

Florida------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------

$::i -------------------------------------------------

---.-----------------------------------.----------

Illinois-----------------------------------------------

Indiana------------------------------------------------

Iowa---------------------.---------.---i---------------

Kansas-------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------.-----.-----------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------

Maine------------------------.-------------------------

Maryland.-------------..--------------------------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------

Missouri-----------------------------------------------

Hontana------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------

Nevada-------------------------------------------------

New Hampshire------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------

New Mexico---------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------------------------------

North Carolina-----------------------------------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------

Ohio..--...--------------.-----------------------------

Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------

Oregon-----------------------------.---.--r-”...-.-----

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------

Texas--------------------------------------------------

Utah---------------------------------------------------

VemonC ------------------------------------------------

Virginia-----------------------------------------------

Washington---------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------

Wyoming------------------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

Number of supplementary

personnel of all types

I I I

None II1 2

3 or

more

II I I I

Number

18,299

180

1;;

151

2,222

186

258

35

4;:

261

64

1,6;2

;;:

229

229

222

116

174

714

708

353

120

431

1%

36

70

1,133

132

155

94

292

740

;;

272

356

147

428

41

6.655

75

;:

8%

60

99

18

2;:

110

:+

458

190

137

1?2

%

49

275

230

119

61

145

41

64

12

32

2:$

464

162

3X

123

3%’

46

;:

114

230

30

lx

116

1:;

31
Table 7. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel of all

types used to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968—Con.

State

United States -------- -------- -------- -------- ----

Alabam ------------------------------------------------

Alaska ----------------- -------- -------- -------- -----.-- -

Arizona ------------------------------------------------

Arkansas -----------------------------------------------

California -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -----

Colorado -----------------------------------------------

Connecticut --------------------------------------------

DeLaware -----------------------------------------------

District of Columbia -----------------------------------

Florida --- ------ ----.--- -----m--.------.---.-----.--- --

Georgia-------------------------------------------------

Hawaii -------- -------- -------- -------= --------- --------

Idaho -------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------

Illinois -------- -------- ----------------- -.------ -------

Indiana -------- ---------------- -------- ----------------

Iowa---------------------------------------------------

Kansas........-.........--”-----------------------------

Kentucky -----------------------------------------------

Louisiana ----------------------------------------------

Maine -------------- -------------- ------- ---------------

Maryland -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------

Massachusetts -------- -------- -------- ---------------- --

Michigan -------- ---------------- ---------------- .......

Minnesota----------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------

Missouri------------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------

Nevada-------------------------------------------------

New Hampshire.........-...........---------------------

New .Jerfey---------- -------------------- ---------------

New MexLco---------------------------------------------

New York----------------------------.------------------

North Carolina-----------------------------------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------

Ohio---------------------------------------------------

Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------

Oregon-------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------

Rhode Island------------------------.------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------

Tennessee.............................................-

Texas--------------------------------------------------

Utah---------------------------------------------------

Vermont------------------------------------------.-----

Virginia-----------------------------------------------

Washington---------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------..........------......--------

Wyoting....................................m..........-

Number of supplementary

personnel of all types

Total

optometrists

~

100.0

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

I.oo.o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100:0

100.0

100.0

21.6

5.7

14.8

17.7

14.9

14.5

29.2

26.7

13.6

11.8

;::!

34:3

18.0

14.2

15.3

16.8

20.7

27.5

14.4

40.8

14.9

18.5

16.7

21.8

22.0

17.8

21.2

19.7

38.9

10.1

28.5

10.5

14.3

18.1

11.4

19,2

38.4

33.6

11.7

14.8

12.4

8.3

2;:;

17:6

17.3

19.4

22.2

36.4

41.5

56.3

41.7

42.7

37.5

32.6

38.4

50,0

25.4

44.3

42.2

32.8

42.9

28.6

37.8

40.8

40.7

50.5

37.4

50.5

28.1

38.5

32.5

33.6

50.9

33.6

46.3

41.1

33.3

45.5

36.2

49.3

29.2

50.7

46.0

40.2

50.2

32.0

31.5

34.5

47.6

36.4

39.3

31.1

39.7

37.1

45.8

32.4

39.6

34.1

38.9

21.2

27.0

18.8

25.2

26.5

23.7

22.7

20.4

16.7

15.3

28.2

26.9

11.5

29.9

16.7

23.4

22.8

27.3

18.7

23.2

12.8

20.6

12.4

24.5

26.4

25.4

22.1

20.7

21.9

27.3

15.2

15.0

33.3

17.8

27.4

30.2

19.8

26.2

24.4

16.5

15.1

24.8

29.6

25.1

19.9

2;:;

24.7

29.7

30.9

21.2

22.2

20.8

25.8

25.0

18.3

13.2

23.9

30.2

12.0

4;:;

15.7

24.5

14.8

13.0

20.5

20.8

22.2

16.7

14.0

18.7

9.2

36.9

8.4

28.1

21.5

2;::

11.0

19.2

18.2

19.7

9.9

2::;

11.5

2?::

12.2

24.4

13.5

16.8

15.9

19.3

23.3

40.8

44.4

14.3

23.9

20.3

12.2

25.3

16.7

32
Table 8. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel used to

assist in practice, accordingto geographic area and selected characteristicsof the optometrist:

ed States, 1968

UnitGeographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrist

United states------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------

North Central------------------------------------------

South--------------------------------------------------

West------------------------.--------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------

West North Central-------------------------------------

South Atlantic-----------------------------------------

East South Central--------------------------------------

West South Central-------------------------------------

:::;g~--------------------- --------------------------

-----------------..-----------..- ----s------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region 1-----------------------------------------------

Region 11----------------------------------------------

Region 111---------------------------------------------

Region IV----------------------------------------------

Region V-----------------------------------------------

Region VI----------------------------------------------

Region VII---------------------------------------------

Region VIII -------- -------- -------- ----------- -------- -

Region IX----------------------------------------------

Region X-----------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------

25-34 years--------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------

45-54 years --------------------------------------------

55-64 years --------------------------------------------

65-74 years --------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------

Female-------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

ps;:::es -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------

-------- -------- ---------------- -------- --------

2 States -----------------------------------------------

3 States or more ---------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours ---------------------------------------------

35-39 hours --------------------------------------------

40 hours -------- --..:---- -------- --------------------- --

41-44 hours --------------------------------------------

45-48 ho[lrs --------------------------------------------

49 hours or more ---------------------------------------

Number of supplementary

personnel of all types

Total

optometrists

None 1 2

3 or

more

18,299

1,327

3,394

4,168

1,670

1,929

820

1,358

709

2,924

1,327

2,261

1,834

2,049

;,:;;

1:151

556

2,;;;

62

2,004

5,400

6,632

2,601

1,205

396

17,912

387

20

13,920

3,355

1,005

2,153

2,897

4,218

2,330

3,431

3,269

Number

3,960

1,615

1,290

478

577

465

1,150

996

294

212

105

161

106

471

465

715

521

231

1,062

169

204

3::

126

2:?

838

1,395

751

481

210

3, W:

3,202

587

164

849

586

837

457

660

571

6,655

1,589

2,022

1,698

1,347

523

1,065

1,396

625

832

366

500

284

1,064

523

708

625

930

1,515

535

439

214

918

247

6;:

1,984

2,472

985

399

104

6,542

114

5,16;

1,;;;

727

1,322

1,562

831

1,212

1,001

3,883

767

1,243

998

875

196

571

832

411

501

195

303

168

707

196

384

352

530

925

327

268

126

575

199

49:

1,333

1,416

440

159

37

3,820

63

2,80:

814

258

317

592

910

508

754

802

3,801

750

1,284

933

834

143

608

943

341

385

155

393

152

682

143

:;:

357

1,019

398

240

131

570

152

5::

1,245

1 ,,;3;

166

45

3,726

75

4

2,749

763

285

260

397

909

534

805

895

33
Table 8. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel used to

assist in practice, according geographic area and selected characteristicsof the optometrist: United States,-1968—Con.

Geographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrist

United States------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------

~u;~ Central------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------

West---------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------

West North Central-------------------------------------

South Atlantic-----------------------------------------

East South Central-------------------------------------

West South Central-------------------------------------

Mountain-----------------------------------------------

Pacific------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

I

------- ------------------------- ------- ------- -

II----------------------------------------------

III---------------------------------------------

Iv----------------------------------------------

v ------------------------- ---------- ------- -----

VI----------------------------------------------

VII---------------------------------------------

VIII --------------------------------------------

Ix ------- ------- ------------------------ ------- -

x --------- ----------------- ------- ------- -------

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------

25-34 years--------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------

45-54 years--------------------------------------------

55-64 years--------------------------------------------

65-74 years--------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

~le---------------------------------------------------

Female-------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

NQ States----------------------------------------------

1 State------------------------------------------------

2 States----------------------------------------------

3 States or more---------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours---------------------------------------------

35-39 hours--------------------------------------------

40 hours-----------------------------------------------

41-44 hours--------------------------------------------

45-48 hours--------------------------------------------

49 hours or more---------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

m

100.0

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

21.6

34.2

22.1

11.6

15.9

35.0

33.9

23.9

17.6

11.0

12.8

11.9

15.0

16.1

35.0

31.6

28.4

11.3

23.5

11.8

17.7

15.2

15.7

17.4

30.0

13.4

15,5

21.0

28.9

39.9

53.0

21.4

35.1

16.6

;;.:

16:3

39.4

20.2

19.9

19.6

19.2

17.5

36.4

33.7

34.6

41.3

37.1

39.4

31.4

33.5

37.4

43.1

44.6

36.8

40.0

36.4

39.4

31.3

34.1

45.4

33.5

37.5

38.1

38.6

37.5

34.1

26.1

34.7

36.7

37.3

37.9

33.1

26.3

36.5

29.3

27.3

37.1

35.5

29.6

33.8

45.6

37.0

35.7

35.3

30.6

21.2

16.2

21.3

24.3

24.1

14.8

16.8

20.0

24.6

26.0

23.8

22.3

23.7

24.2

14.8

17.0

19.2

25.9

20.5

22.9

23.3

22.7

23.5

27.5

2;::

24.7

;;.;

13:2

9.4

21.3

16.4

33.8

20.1

24.3

25.7

14.7

20.4

21,6

21.8

22.0

24.5

20.8

15.9

22.0

22.7

23.0

10.8

17.9

22.6

20.4

20.0

18.9

29.0

21.4

23.3

10.8

20.1

18.3

17.4

22.5

27.9

20,8

23.5

23.3

21.0

35.2

27.4

23.1

g.;

13:8

11.3

20,8

19.3

:;.:

22:7

28.4

12.1

13.7

21.6

22.9

23,5

27.4

34
Table 9. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel used to

assist in Dractice. according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: United

States, 19b8 “

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

LInitedStates------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self emplayed:

Solo practice----------------------------------------

Partnership------------------------------------------

Group practice---------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists-----------------------------------------

Ophthalmologists or other physicians-----------------

Profit-making firms----------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including government)-------

Other--------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 Office-----------------------------------------------

2 offices----------------------------------------------

3 offices or more--------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits------------------------------------

25-49 visits-------------------------------------------

50-74 visits-------------------------------------------

75-99 visits-------------------------------------------

100 visits or more -------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients-------------------------:--------

25-49 patients-----------------------------------------

50-74 patients-----------------------------------------

75-99 patients-----------------------------------------

100 patients or mare-----------------------------------

Number OE optometric services rendered

1-3 senices -------------------------------------------

4-6 senices -------------------------------------------

7-9 sewices -------------------------------------------

10 services or more------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions--------------------------------------------

visual field examination-------------------------------

Tononletry----------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing------------------------------------

Biomicrascopy------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy-----------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting-=---------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)--------------------------

Developmental vision-----------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids----------------------------

Visual readiness for reading---------------------------

Di:.,ensingand adjusting eyeware-----------------------

Frame repairs------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware---------------------------------

Other--------------------------------------------------

18,299

13,510

2,178

530

951

171

636

183

140

15,083

2,806

410

1,578

3,762

4,989

2,750

5,221

4,086

6,886

3,719

1,726

1,881

900

4,075

7,344

5,980

18,238

13,780

12,098

1,528

5,907

16,928

14,521

9,128

5,225

7,450

4,735

17,122

15,532

6,610

718

Number

3,960

3,523

155

20

100

::

32

27

3,388

510

62

910

1,352

1,000

278

420

1,812

1,:$;

142

101

402

1,427

1,465

666

3,947

2,567

1,707

247

536

3,388

2,432

1,646

757

1,149

728

3,580

3,144

1,213

98

6,655

5,799

494

61

157

14

78

24

29

5,779

802

74

408

1,511

2,134

1,132

1,470

1,459

2,912

1,368

525

392

210

1,268

3,067

2,111

6,638

5,253

4,;::

1,991

6,271

5,432

:,$;:

2:710

1,739

6,366

5,803

2,212

218

3,883

2,785

565

120

203

28

131

31

21

3,149

677

57

132

543

1,051

720

1,437

491

1,498

942

464

489

5X

1,540

1,660

;,y;;

2:996

385

1,673

3,695

3,421

2,182

1,367

1,860

1,190

3,725

3,449

1,483

186

3,801

1,403

963

330

491

110

344

96

64

2,767

818

216

129

356

803

620

1,894

325

1,028

;;;

900

193

792

L,272

1,544

3,783

2,816

2,714

387

1,707

3,575

3,235

1,829

1,142

1,731

1>078

3,451

3,136

1,702

217

35
Table 9. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel

assist in practice, according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist:

States, 1968—Con.

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice----------------------------------------

Partnership------------------------------------------

Group practice---------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optmetrists -----------------------------------------

Ophthalmologists or other physicians-----------------

Profit-making firms----------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including government)-------

Other--------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office-----------------------------------------------

2 offices----------------------------------------------

3 offices Or more--------------------------------------

Number of vatient visits r.erweek

Less than 25 visits------------------------------------

25-49 visits-------------------------------------------

50-74 visits-------------------------------------------

75-99 visits-------------------------------------------

100 visits or more-------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients----------------------------------

25-49 patients-----------------------------------------

50-74 patients-----------------------------------------

75-99 patients-----------------------------------------

100 patients or more-----------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 senices -------------------------------------------

4-6 semices -------------------------------------------

7-9 semices -------------------------------------------

10 services or more------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions--------------------------------------------

Visual field examination-------------------------------

Tonometry----------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing------------------------------------

Biomicroscopy------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy----------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting-----------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)---------------------------

Developmental vision-----------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids----------------------------

Visual readiness for reading---------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-----------------------

Frame repairs------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware---------------------------------

Other-------------------------------------------------

used to

United

Total

optometricts

Number of supplementary

personnel of all types

None 1

~

2

3 or

more

Percent distribution

100. c

100.c

100.c

100.c

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100;o

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

21.6

26.1

7.1

3.7

10.6

11.1

13.1

17.5

19.0

22.5

18.2

15.2

57.6

35.9

20.1

10.1

8.1

44.3

21.0

12.3

8.2

5.4

44.7

35.0

20.0

11.1

21.6

18.6

14.1

16.2

2:::

16.8

18.0

14.5

15.4

15.4

20.9

20.3

18.4

13.6

36.4

42.9

22.7

11.4

16.5

1!:$

13.1

20.5

38.3

28.6

18.0

25.8

40.2

42.8

:;.;

.

35.7

42.3

36.8

30.4

20.8

23.3

31.1

41.8

35.3

36.4

38.1

38.7

33.4

33.7

37.0

37.4

38.0

37.5

36.4

36.7

37.2

37.4

33.5

30.3

21.2

20.6

25,9

22.6

21.4

16.1

20.6

16.8

14.8

20.9

24.1

14.0

1:::

21.1

26.2

27.5

12.0

21.8

25.3

26.9

26.0

10.6

14.4

21.0

27.8

21.2

22.8

24.8

25.2

28.3

21.8

23.6

23.9

26.2

25.0

25.1

21.8

22.2

22.4 I

25.8

20.8

10.4

44.2

62.3

51.6

64.3

54.0

52.6

45.7

18.3

29.1

52.8

::;

16.1

22.5

36.3

1::;

25.6

34.5

47.8

21.4

19.4

17.3

25.8

20.7

20.4

22.4

25.3

28.9

21.1

22.3

20.0

21.9

23.2

22.8

20.2

20.2

25.8

30.3

36
Table 10. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of secretaries and/or receptionists

used to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968

State

United States------------------------------------

.

Alabma ------------------------------------------------

Alaska-------------------------------------------------

Arizona------------------------------------------------

Arkansas-----------------------------------------------

California---------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------

Delaware----------------------------------------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------

Florida------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------

Hawaii-------------------------------------------------

Idaho--------------------------------------------------

::jyn:s -----------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------

Iowa---------------------------------------------------

Kansas-------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------------------------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------

Maine--------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------

Missouri----------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------

Nevada------------------------------------------------

New Hmpshire ------------------------------------------

New Jersey---------------------------------------------

New Mexico---------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------------------------------

North Car~lina-----------------------------------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------

Ohio---------------------------------------------------

Oklahoma----------------------------------------------

Oregon-------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------

~::s --------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------

Vemont ------------------------------------------------

Virginia-----------------------------------------------

Washington---------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------

Wyaing ------------------------------------------------

Number

18,299

151

2,222

186

258

35

261

64

1,6%

503

336

229

229

222

116

174

714

708

353

120

431

1!;

36

70

674

1,5:+

320

9;+

245

265

1,133

132

255

_?_—

33

3

51

35

6%

163

106

%

74

39

7,93(

9:

::

7:

932

l!i

i:

28C

14:

1$

5;:

246

157

~z:

117

102

61

2%

288

134

1;:

43

69

20

35

255

6$:

189

4;;

124

111

405

50

83

1%

367

33

16

142

136

1;:

21

2,797

34

1

;:

401

29

37

1:

75

5:

2;;

::

31

34

25

13

43

12:

64

17

64

2?

1

11

73

10

198

44

13:

41

l!

25

21

1%

13

5;

76

24

60

5

1,318

17

1;

22:

19

10

1;

15

17

4

12;

28

28

6

6

21

2

24

26

71

28

4:

2

7

;

22

12~

7;

10

::

9

7

2;

81

14

1;

24

4:

2
Table 10. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of secretaries end/or receptionists

used to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 196&—Con, ~

State

United States------------------------------------

Alabma ------------------------------------------------

Alaska-------------------------------------------------

Arizona------------------------------------------------

Arkmsas -----------------------------------------------

CalifOmia ---------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------

Delaware-----------------------------------------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------

Florida------------------------------------------------

Georgia ------------------------------------------------

Hawaii------------------------------------------------

Idaho--------------------------------------------------

Illinois-----------------------------------------------

Indiana------------------------------------------------

Iowa---------------------------------------------------

Kansas-------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------------------------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------

Maine--------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------

Missouri-----------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------

Nevada-------------------------------------------------

New Hmpshire ------------------------------------------

New Jersey---------------------------------------------

New Iiexico--------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------------------------------

North .Carolina-----------------------------------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------

Ohio---------------------------------------------------

Okl&ma -----------------------------------------------

Oregon-------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------

Texas--------------------------------------------------

Utah---------------------------------------------------

Vermont-----------------------------------------------

Virginia-----------------------------------------------

Washington--------------------------------------------- k.estVirginia------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------

Wyoming------------------------------------------------

~

Number of secretaries snd/or

Total

optometrists

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

receptionists

None 1 2

3 or

more

Percent distribution

34.2

18.2

18.8

25.2

28.7

30.1

30.2

37.2

40.0

27.1

25.0

19.7

54.1

35.1

43.6

32.4

31.5

29.2

31.3

33.3

33.9

26.3

51.2

28.7

36.1

33.3

33.6

42.7

33.6

36.4

24.2

;;.;

39:0

25.0

22,2

31.4

28.8

31,2

47.0

43.7

25.5

28.4

27.b

18.6

19.1

34.3

19.8

33.9

28.8

35.9

30.6

43.3

53.5

68.8

51.3

50.0

42.0

43.6

44.4

46.7

39.0

56.8

54.6

29.5

44.2

34.6

48.9

46.6

54.6

50.9

46.0

53.2

35.6

37.7

40.7

37.9

50.9

42,4

48.8

44.5

54.6

50.0

37.9

55.4

40.7

59.1

58.7

45.5

50.7

42.0

35.8

37.8

53.8

40,9

46.2

49.6

;t.;

52:2

38.2

50.4

39.9

52.8

15,3

18.9

1::;

16.9

18.0

15.7

14.4

13.3

17.0

15.3

19.3

2::;

14.2

13.1

13,5

13.4

15.0

11.1

11.0

24.4

2;:2

18.2

14.0

14.8

1?::

1::;

10.8

14.5

12.5

13.9

11.1

15.0

16.6

17.6

12.5

11.8

15.9

22,7

17.8

20.9

17.5

11.4

21.9

21.2

16.6

14.1

11.1

7.2

9.4

6.3

7.8

4.4

1;:;

4.0

17.0

3.0

13.8

1:::

7.9

1.8

9.3

2.4

4.8

1:::

3.3

M

7.9

8.1

3.9

:::

6.7

4.8

8,0

1::$

19.1

11.4

6.1

6.7

l&:

5.6

38
Table 11. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of secretaries andlor receptionists

used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected

trist: United States, 1968

characteristics of the optome.

Geographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrist

United States------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------

North Central------------------------------------------

South--------------------------------------------------

West---------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------

West North Central-------------------------------------

South Atlantic-----------------------------------------

East South Central-------------------------------------

West South Central-------------------------------------

Mountain-----------------------------------------------

PaciEic------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal ~

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

I----------------.--.---------------------------

11----------------------------------------------

IT.I---------------------------------------------

IY----------------------------------------------

V -----------------------------------------------

VI----------------------------------------------

VII---------------------------------------------

vl-lr---------------------------------------------

Ix----------------------------------------------

x-----------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------

25-Y+ years--------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------

45-54 years--------------------------------------------

55-64 years--------------------------------------------

65-74 years--------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------

Female-------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States----------------------------------------------

1 StaEe------------------------------------------------

2 States-----------------------------------------------

3 States or more--------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1.34 hours ---------------------------------------------

35-39 hours--------------------------------------------

40 hours-----------------------------------------------

41-44 hours--------------------------------------------

45-48 hours--------------------------------------------

49 hours or more---------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

Number of secretaries and/or

receptionists

I I I

I

None I1

I

2

I

3 or

more

18,299

4,721

5,838

4,107

3,633

1,327

3,394

4,168

1,670

1,929

820

1,358

709

2,924

1,327

2,261

1,834

2,049

~,:;;

1;151

556

2,448

725

2,0%

5,400

6,632

2,601

1,;::

17,912

387

13,9::

3,355

1,005

2,153

2,897

4,218

2,330

3,431

3,269

Number

6,255

2,063

2,048

1,020

1,124

588

1,475

1,509

539

;;:

325

214

910

588

942

709

519

1,636

344

369

163

748

237

5%

1,642

2,182

988

;::

6,064

191

3

%,888

1,076

288

1,051

934

1,342

777

1,111

1,041

7,930

1,852

2,429

2,095

1,554

546

1,306

1,681

748

1,018

408

669

344

1,210

546

901

728

1,103

1,815

711

533

260

1,035

297

8;;

2,415

2,960

1,149

448

104

7,805

125

6,O;;

1,442

423

808

l,43i

1,891

1,007

1,484

1,309

2,797

546

899

720

631

134

413

639

260

338

137

246

101

530

134

272

284

331

703

256

166

4%

141

37:

931

1,019

334

103

27

2,756

40

2,02:

581

189

199

401

646

381

563

606

1,318

259

462

273

324

2%

339

123

105

1:;

50

274

1;;

113

3%

118

82

2::

22:

412

471

130

61

16

1,287

31

1

957

256

104

1::

339

165

274

314

39
Table Il.. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number Of secretaries andlor receptionists

used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected

trist: United States, 1968—Con.

characteristics of the o~tomeGeographic area and selected characteristicsof

optometrist

United States------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------

North Central------------------------------------------

South--------------------------------------------------

West------------.--------------------------.------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------

West’North Central------------------------------------

South Atlantic-----------------------------------------

East South Central-------------------------------------

West South Central-------------------------------------

Mountain-----------------------------------------------

Pacific------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

I-----------------------------------------------

11----------------------------------------------

111---------------------------------------------

Iv----------------------------------------------

v --------- --------- -------------- ---------------

VI----------------------------------------------

VII---------------------------------------------

VIII--------------------------------------------

Ix----------------------------------------------

x --------- ---------- ---------------- -------- -----

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------

25-34 years--------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------

45-54 years--------------------------------------------

55-64 years--------------------------------------------

65-74 years--------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------

Female-------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States----------------------------------------------

1 State------------------------------------------------

2 States-----------------------------------------------

3 States or more---------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours---------------------------------------------

35-39 hours--------------------------------------------

40 hours-----------------------------------------------

41-44 hours--------------------------------------------

45-48 hours--------------------------------------------

49 hours or more---------------------------------------

II

Number of secretaries andfor

receptionists

Total

optometrists

None 1 2

3 Or

more

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

10000

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Percent distribution

34,2

43.7

35.1

24.8

31.0

:;.;

36:2

32.3

24.3

27.4

24.0

30.2

31.1

44.3

41.7

38.7

25.3

36.2

24.1

32.1

29.4

30.6

32.7

45.6

28.7

30.4

32.9

38.0

49.1

62.8

33.9

49.4

16.6

35.1

32.1

28.7

48.8

32.2

31.8

33.3

32.4

31.8

43.3

39.2

41.6

51.0

42.8

41.2

38.5

:;.;

52:8

49.8

49.3

48.5

41.4

41.2

39.8

39.7

53.8

40.2

49.8

46.3

46.7

42.3

41.0

31.4

41.6

& ;

44:2

37.2

26.2

43.6

32.3

60.9

43.5

43.0

42.1

37.6

:;.:

43:2

43.2

40.0

15.3

11.6

15.4

17.5

17.4

10.1

12.2

15.3

15.6

17.5

16.7

18.1

14.3

18.1

10.1

12.0

15.5

16.2

15.6

17.9

14.5

14.7

17.5

19.5

1.2.3

18.7

17.2

15.4

12.9

8.6

6.9

15.4

10.4

17.1

14.5

17.3

18.8

1?:;

15.3

16.4

;:.:

.

7.2

2:

6.6

8.9

4.5

6.5

::;

8.1

8.3

;:;

9.7

6.8

10.7

11.0

7.6

;::

::;

7.2

7.9

4.4

4.5

8.1

;:;

9.6

40
Table 12. Number and percent distributionof optometrists by the number of secretaries and/or receptionists thev used to assist in practice, accordingto selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: ~lnitedStates, 1968 -

selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice----------------------------------------

Partnership------------------------------------------

Group practice---------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists-----------------------------------------

Ophthalmologists or other physicians-----------------

Profit-making firms----------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including government)-------

Other-------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 Office-----------------------------------------------

2 offices------------------- ---------------------------

3 offices or more--------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits------------------------------------

25-49 visits-------------------------------------------

50-74 vieits-------------------------------------------

75-99 visits-------------------------------------------

100 visits or more-------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients----------------------------------

25-49 patients-----------------------------------------

50-74 patients-----------------------------------------

75-99 patients-----------------------------------------

100 patients or more-----------------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

None---------------------------------------------------

1 assistant--------------------------------------------

2 assistants-------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more-----------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 services-------------------------------------------

4-6 services-------------------------------------------

7-9 seuicee -------------------------------------------

10 services or more------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions--------------------------------------------

Visual field examination-------------------------------

Tonometry----------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing------------------------------------

BLomicroscopy------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy-----------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting-----------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)---------------------------

Developmental vision-----------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids----------------------------

Visual readiness for reading---------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-----------------------

Frame repairs------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware---------------------------------

Other--------------------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

18,299

13,510

2,178

530

951

171

636

183

140

15,083

2,806

410

1,578

3,762

4,989

2,750

5,221

4,086

6,886

3,719

1,726

1,881

3,960

6,655

3,883

3,801

900

4,075

7,344

5,980

18,238

13,780

12,098

1,528

5,907

16,928

14,521

9,128

5,225

7,450

4,735

17,122

15,532

6,;;;

Number of secretaries and/or

receptionists

None 1 2

3 or

more

Number

6,255

5,::;

78

195

1::

:!

5,286

856

113

1,032

1,776

1,672

649

1,127

2,233

2,338

976

348

359

3,960

1,;:;

324

477

1,809

2,310

1,659

6,226

4,390

3,::;

1,444

5,571

4,353

2,964

1,612

2,168

1,480

5,781

5,197

2,075

219

7,930

6,245

825

149

353

2X

:;

6,827

991

111

406

1,500

2,381

1,336

2,306

1,405

3,261

1,753

754

756

5,26;

1,;;;

268

1,509

3,495

2,658

7,912

6,209

5,625

664

2,672

7,464

6,572

4,029

2,354

;,:3:

7;546

6,860

2,849

317

2,797

1,674

;:;

225

41

130

33

21

2,160

5::

3::

664

537

1,140

325

;::

393

439

1,58;

1,210

4;:

1,077

1,179

2,792

2,207

2,164

297

1,212

2,659

2,455

1,519

905

1,338

832

2,639

2,443

1,116

113

1,318

308

403

161

178

1!:

44

34

810

368

140

$

271

228

649

123

312

325

231

327

1,31;

3::

463

485

1,308

974

918

119

579

1,233

1,141

616

354

592

327

1,156

1,032

569

69

41
Table 12. Number and percent distributionofoptometrists by the n~ber of secretaries andlor receptionists thev used to assist in mactice. accordinzto selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: finitedStates, 1968~Con. -

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States------------------------------------

Principal form of emDlovment

Self employed:

Solo practice----------------------------------------

Partnership------------------------------------------

Group practice---------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists-----------------------------------------

Ophthalmologistsor other physicians-----------------

Profit-making firms---------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including government)-------

Other--------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office-----------------------------------------------

2 offices----------------------------------------------

3 offices----------------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits------------------------------------

25-49 visits-------------------------------------------

50-74 visits-------------------------------------------

75-99 visits-------------------------------------------

100 visits or more-------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 visits------------------------------------

25-49 visits-------------------------------------------

50-74 visits-------------------------------------------

75-99 visits-------------------------------------------

100 visits or more-------------------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

None---------------------------------------------------

1 assistant--------------------------------------------

2 assistants-------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more-----------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 se~ices -------------------------------------------

4-6 semices -------------------------------------------

7-9 se=ices -------------------------------------------

10 services or more------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions--------------------------------------------

Visual field examination-------------------------------

Tonometry----------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing------------------------------------

Bionicroscopy------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy-----------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting-----------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)---------------------------

Developmental vision-----------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids----------------------------

Visual readiness for reading--------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-----------------------

Frame repairs------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware---------------------------------

Other-------------------------------------------------

II

Total

optometrists

Number of secretaries

receptionists

andior

3 or

100.0

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.O

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100:0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

34.2

39.1

19.2

14.7

20.5

14.3

25.8

27.2

29.9

35.1

30.5

27.6

65.4

47.2

33.5

23.6

21.6

54.7

34.0

26.3

20,2

19.1

100.0

20.9

14.9

8.5

53.0

44.4

31.5

27.7

34.1

31.9

28.0

29.3

24.5

32.9

30.0

32.5

30.9

29.1

31.3

33.8

33.5

31.4

30,5

43.3

46.2

37.9

28.1

37.1

18.7

35.6

30.9

30.8

45.3

35.3

27.1

25.8

39.9

47.7

48.6

44.2

34.4

47.4

47.1

43.7

40.2

79.i

44.2

25.0

29.8

37.0

47.6

44.4

43.4

45.1

46.5

43.5

45.2

44.1

45.3

44.1

45.1

45.0

44.3

44.1

44.2

43.1

44.1

15.3

12.4

24.4

27.0

23.7

23.9

20.4

17.9

14.9

14.3

21.1

11.2

8::

13.3

19,5

21.8

1::;

17.9

22.8

23.3

40.6

31,8

1?:i

14.7

19.7

15.3

16.0

17.9

19.4

20,5

15.7

16.9

16.6

17.3

18.0

17.6

15.4

15.7

16.9

15,8

7.2

1;::

30.3

18.8

43,1

18.2

24.0

24.5

1:::

34.2

2,9

R

1%:

:::

1!::

17.4

34.;

7.5

H

8.1

;::

7.6

u

7.3

;:;

6.8

w

H

8,6

9.6

42
Table 13. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistants

they used to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968

State

United States------------------------------------

Alabama------------------------------------------------

Alaska -------------------------------------------------

Arizona ------------------------------------------------

Arkansas -----------------------------------------------

California---------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------

Dela!~are -----------------------------------------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------

Florida ------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------

l{awaii-------------------------------------------------

Idaho--------------------------------------------------

IllinOls-----------------------------------------------

Indiana------------------------------------------------

IOwa---------------------------------------------------

Kansas -------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------------------------------------------

J.ouisiana----------------------------------------------

Maine--------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------

Missouri-----------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------

Nevada-------------------------------------------------

New Hampshire------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------

New Mexico ---------------------------------------------

New York -----------------------------------------------

North Carolina -----------------------------------------

North Dakota -------------------------------------------

Ohio---------------------------------------------------

Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------

OregOn-------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------

South Carolina -----------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------

Texas---------------------------------------------------

Utah---------------------------------------------------

Vermont------------------------------------------------

Virginia-----------------------------------------------

Washington---------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------

Wyoming-------------------------------------------------

Number

18,299

180

17

127

151

2,222

186

258

35

4;$

261

64

86

1,602

503

336

229

229

222

116

174

714

708

353

120

431

1%

36

70

674

1,5;;

320

9;;

245

265

1,133

132

155

2;:

7+;

2%

356

147

428

41

L4,070

138

8

1?:

1,596

135

218

30

3::

190

X

1,291

359

229

160

181

168

103

149

635

522

271

3!;

1;;

::

583

1,3;:

219

54

710

175

204

952

115

118

2::

480

58

1;;

258

114

309

29

3,011

-

20

7

::

458

33

34

5

&

56

2;

212

104

H

33

36

10

:;

136

57

::

14

35

10

5

71

1::

78

10

159

X

124

13

25

H

165

9

3

2:

24

79

9

826

12

:

11:

11

5

2;

11

i

57

31

14

15

12

2

;

28

18

2:

10

6

3

2

12

4;

21

4:

18

41

3

12

5

H

4

1;

22

2:

2

393

9

5

i

42

10

17

1:

,?

4

8

1

43
Table 13. Number a=d percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistants

they used to assist in practice, according t> State: United States, 1968—Con.

State

United States------------------------------------

Alabama------------------------------------------------

Alaska-------------------------------------------------

Arizona------------------------------------------------

Arkansas-----------------------------------------------

California---------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------

Delaware-----------------------------------------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------

Florida------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------

Hawaii-------------------------------------------------

Idaho--------------------------------------------------

Illinois-----------------------------------------------

Indiana------------------------------------------------

Iowa-------------------------------------------------

Kansas-------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------------------------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------

Maine--------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------

Missouri-----------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------

Nevada-------------------------------------------------

New Hampshire------------------------------------------

New Jersey---------------------------------------------

New Mexico---------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------------------------------

North Carolina-----------------------------------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------

Ohio---------------------------------------------------

Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------

Oregon-------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------

Texas--------------------------------------------------

Utah---------------------------------------------------

Vemont ------------------------------------------------

Virginia-----------------------------------------------

Washington---------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------

Wisconsin---------------------------------------------

Wyoming------------------------------------------------

II Number of general optometric

assistants

Total

optometrists

~

100.0

—

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Percent distribution

100:0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100:0

76.9

76.7

50.0

75.7

74.3

71.9

72.7

84.8

83.3

;;.;

.

72.7

82.0

67.5

80.6

71.2

::.;

79:0

75.8

89.0

85.6

/33.:

76:7

72.8

75.9

72.0

71.2

63.6

89.4

86.5

78.3

83.9

68.6

74.6

76.7

71.6

76.8

84.0

87.4

75.9

78.4

68.7

64.8

77.8

82.9

72.5

72.4

77.7

72.2

72.2

16.5

11.3

43.8

20.0

22.8

20.6

18.0

13.2

13.3

15.3

19.4

21.3

11.5

23.4

13.3

20.6

22.5

22.2

14.5

16.2

8.3

10.0

1;::

16.1

21.9

15.8

15.9

22.6

27.3

7.6

10.5

15.9

11.4

24.3

14.3

17.2

20.5

18.0

11.0

10.1

15.9

14.8

19.6

22.2

1;.;

18:6

17.9

16.6

18.4

22.2

4.5

6.9

:::

2.9

5.2

5.8

2.0

;::

$:

3:9

i:;

4.2

6.5

2.3

~.j

.

i::

4.0

5.2

;::

L:.!

S3:1

0

1.8

5.8

:::

::2

7.4

2.8

3.7

2.5

;:!

7.3

:::

;:;

6.1

;::

5.6

2.2

5.0

2.;

3.5

3.;

O.i

:::

5.2

2.6

;:;

::;

w

::;

3.2

2.1

i::

1.2

2.1

-

1.2

1.;

::;

::;

2.4

1.4

.

0.7

‘i::

4.6

4.8

2.9

;.;

2;2

3.5
Table 14. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistants

they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968

Geographic area and selected characteristicsof

optometrist

United States------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------

NoTO;~Central------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------

West---------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------

West North Central-------------------------------------

South Atlantic-----------------------------------------

East South Central-------------------------------------

West South Central-------------------------------------

Mountain-----------------------------------------------

Facific------------------------------------------------

Region I-----------------------------------------------

Region 11----------------------------------------------

Region 111..--------------------------------------.....

RexzionIV----------------------------------------------

Re~ion V-----------------------------------------------

Region VI----------------------------------------------

Region VII---------------------------------------------

Region VIII--------------------------------------------

Region IX----------------------------------------------

Region X--...------------------------”-----------------

A!aeof optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------

25-34 years--------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------

45-54 years--------------------------------------------

55-64 years--------------------------------------------

65-74 years --------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male ---------------------------------------------------

Female -------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

NO states----------------------------------------------

1 State------------------------------------------------

2 States--------------------......---------------------

3 States or more---------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours---------------------------------------------

35-39 hours--------------------------------------------

40 hours--------------------........-------------------

41-44 hours--------------------------------------------

45-48 hours--------------------------------------------

49 houcs or more---------------------------------------

Number of general optometric

assistants

“P=’ists t=rm=

18,299

4,721

5,838

4,107

3,633

1,327

3,394

4,168

1,670

1,929

820

1,358

709

2,924

1,327

2,261

1,$334

2,049

;,:$;

1:”;;:

2,448

725

2,0;:

5,400

6,632

2,601

1,205

396

20

13,920

3,355

1,005

2,153

2,897

4.218

2;330

3,431

3,269

Number

14,070

4,032

4,416

2,984

2,637

1,166

2,866

3,191

1,225

1,;;;

935

518

2,119

1,166

1,914

1,500

1,501

3,461

;;;

414

1,767

528

1,3::

3,878

;,;;;

1:042

347

13,761

308

10,8;;

2,464

739

1,821

2,308

3,267

1,736

2,590

2,347

3,011

510

1,001

784

717

134

375

690

310

361

137

285

133

584

134

251

232

;;;

296

230

5::

139

4;:

1,072

1,039

312

119

36

2,957

53

2,202

635

170

252

458

698

;::

612

826

124

272

241

188

1::

182

90

98

1::

1%

24

59

1!?

200

105

62

1;;

33

12:

309

290

59

28

8

812

14

587

1:;

59

1%

131

158

210

393

1::

91

3

l%

44

27

33

37

16

75

32

%

113

37

32

;:

24

3’

1:?

134

;;

4

382

11

28;

82

32

:;

84

59

1:;

45
Table 14. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistants

they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968—con.

Geographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrist

United States------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------

North Central------------------------------------------

South--------------------------------------------------

West---------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------

West North Central-------------------------------------

South Atlantic-----------------------------------------

East South Central-------------------------------------

West South Cmtral -------------------------------------

Mountain-----------------------------------------------

Pacific------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

I----------------------------------------------

11----------------------------------------------

111---------------------------------------------

Iv----------------------------------------------

v-----------------------------------------------

VI----------------------------------------------

VII---------------------------------------------

VIII--------------------------------------------

Ix ------------------------ --------- -------- -----

x ------- ------- “------- ------- ------------ ------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------

25-34 years--------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------

45-54 years--------------------------------------------

55-64 years--------------------------------------------

65-74 years --------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------

Female-------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States----------------------------------------------

1 State------------------------------------------------

2 States-----------------------------------------------

3 States or more---------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours---------------------------------------------

35-39 hours--------------------------------------------

40 hours-----------------------------------------------

41-44 hours--------------------------------------------

45-48 hours--------------------------------------------

49 hours or more---------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

Number of general optometric

assistants

None I

1

I

2

I

3 or

more

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Percent distribution

76.9

85.4

75.6

72.7

72.6

87.9

84.5

76.6

73.4

74.8

74.0

68.9

;;.:

.

87.9

84.7

81.8

73.3

76.6

69.3

71.8

74.4

72.2

72.9

65.2

69.6

71.8

78.0

84.5

86.5

87.7

76.8

79.7

83.2

78.C

73.5

73.5

84.6

79.7

77.4

74.5

75.5

71.t

16.5

10.8

17.1

19.1

19.7

10.1

11.1

16.6

18.6

18.7

16.7

21.0

18.7

20.0

10.1

11.1

12.7

19.1

16.5

20.8

20.0

16.2

20.4

19.2

20.8

20.9

19.9

15.7

12.0

9.9

9,2

16.5

13.8

16.8

15.8

18.9

16.9

11.7

15.E

16.6

17.2

17.1

18.;

4.5

::!

::;

1.8

;::

5:1

5.3

:::

5.0

1.8

2.6

;:!?

4.4

;::

6.5

:::

8.7

::;

4.4

2.3

2.4

1.9

4.5

3.7

4.;

5.2

6.4

2.7

::?

i::

6.4

2.2

1.2

2.6

::2

0.2

1.5

2.5

2.7

1.4

4.1

2.7

2:2

2.6

0.2

1.6

1.8

2.2

2.5

2.6

2.8

2.8

2:3

3.3

5.2

3.2

2.6

2.0

;::

1.1

.

2.0

2.4

3.2

1.1

N

$.;

.

I

I

.46
Table 15. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistants

they used to assist in practice,according to selected professional characteristicsofthe optometrist:

United States, 1968

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States--------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice------------------------------------------

Partnership--------------------------------------------

Group practice-----------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists-------------------------------------------

Ophthalmologists or other physicians-------------------

Profit-making firms------------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including government)---------

Other----------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office-------------------------------------------------

2 offices------------------------------------------------

3 offices or more----------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits--------------------------------------

25-49 visits---------------------------------------------

50-74 visits----------------------------------------------

75-99 visits---------------------------------------------

100 visits or more---------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients------------------------------------

25-49 patients-------------------------------------------

50-74 patients-------------------------------------------

75-99 patients-------------------------------------------

100 patients or more-------------------------------------

Number of supplementary helpers of all types

None-----------------------------------------------------

1 assistant----------------------------------------------

2 assistants---------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more-------------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 semices ---------------------------------------------

4-6 sewices ---------------------------------------------

7-9 seNices ---------------------------------------------

10 services or more--------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions----------------------------------------------

Visual field examination---------------------------------

Tonometry------------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing--------------------------------------

Biomicroscopy--------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy-------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting-------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)-----------------------------

Developmental vision------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading-----------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-------------------------

Frame repairs--------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware-----------------------------------

Other----------------------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

Number of general

optometric assistants

None I 1 I

2

3 or

more

18.299

13,510

2,178

530

951

171

636

183

140

1;,08:

’41O

1,578

3,762

4,989

2,750

5,221

4,086

6,886

3,719

1,726

1,881

3,960

6,655

3,883

3,801

18,238

13,780

12,098

1,528

5,907

16,928

14,521

9,128

5,225

7,450

4,735

17,122

15,532

6,610

718

Number

14.07C

10,73:

1,467

325

680

13E

481

140

104

11,659

2,131

280

1,412

3,184

3,902

2,045

3,527

3,512

5,448

2,709

1,233

1,168

3,960

5>504

2,522

2,084

793

3,535

5,850

3,892

14,020

10,268

8,723

1,062

3,839

12,853

10,766

;,;;;

5;317

3,199

13,070

11,777

4>947

454

3,011

2,171

437

106

152

%

23

24

2,548

413

49

126

463

803

507

1,111

454

1,082

719

326

429

1,151

951

909

3;?

1,122

1,479

3,005

2,544

2,440

327

1,464

2,908

2,676

1,853

1,218

1,542

1,088

2,902

2,693

1,175

176

826

477

166

54

63

4;

10

8

635

162

29

32

84

201

146

363

2%

197

115

162

41;

415

1%

254

440

821

684

659

4;;

796

736

512

358

401

327

787

740

329

53

393

127

107

46

57

7

?:

4

241

100

52

9

::

2;;

29

95

94

1%

39;

19

1:;

169

392

283

275

41

177

371

342

198

132

190

121

362

323

159

36

47
Table 15. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistants

they used to assist in practice,accordingto selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist:

Uni~ed States, 1968—Con.

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States--------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice----------------------------------------JPartnership--------------------------------------------

Group practice-----------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists-------------------------------------------

Ophthalmologistsor other physicians-------------------

Profit-making firms------------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (includinggovernment)---------

Other----------------------------------------------------

Ntnnberof office locations

1 office-------------------------------------------------

2 offices------------------------------------------------

3 offices or more----------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits--------------------------------------

25-49 visits---------------------------------------------

50-74 visits---------------------------------------------

75-99 visits---------------------------------------------

100 visits or more---------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients------------------------------------

25-49 patients-------------------------------------------

50-74 patients-------------------------------------------

75-99 patients-------------------------------------------

100 patients or more-------------------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

None-----------------------------------------------------

1 assistant----------------------------------------------

2 assistants---------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more-------------------------------------

Number of optometric seivices rendered

1-3 senices ---------------------------------------------

4-6 semices ---------------------------------------------

7-9 senices ---------------------------------------------

10 services or more--------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions----------------------------------------------

\’LSUal field exmination ---------------------------------

Tonometry------------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing--------------------------------------

Biomicroscopy--------------------------------------------

Ophthatioscopy-------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting-------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)-----------------------------

Developmental vision-------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading-----------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-------------------------

Frame repairs--------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware-----------------------------------

Other----------------------------------------------------

II

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

]00.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

76.9

79.5

67.4

61.3

71.5

80.7

75.6

76.5

74.3

77.3

75.9

68.4

89.5

84.6

78.2

74.4

67.6

86.0

79.1

72.8

71.4

62.1

100.0

82.7

64.9

54.8

88.1

86.7

79.7

65.1

76.9

74.5

72.1

69.5

65.0

75.9

74.1

71.9

67.3

71.4

67.6

76.3

75.8

74.9

63.1

16.5

16.1

20.1

20.0

16.0

14.8

11.4

12.6

17.2

16.9

14.7

12.0

1::!

16.1

18.5

21.3

11.1

15.7

19.3

18.9

22.8

17.;

24.5

23.9

6.5

1:::

24.7

16.5

18.5

20.2

21.4

24.8

17.2

18.4

20.3

23.3

20.7

23.0

17.0

17.3

17.8

24.5

4.5

22

10.1

M

7.5

5.5

5.4

4.2

R

2.0

:::

;:;

2.2

3.8

2:;

8.6

10.;

10.9

3.3

2.5

;::

4.5

R

6.4

;:;

5.1

5.6

H

:::

4.8

H

2.2

::;

8.7

6.0

3.9

5.5

5.4

3.1

1.6

12:;

0.6

0.8

1.7

;:;

0.7

1.4

2.5

3.0

6.5

10.4

::;

;::

2.2

:::

2.7

;::

2.4

2.2

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.1

2.1

2.4

5.0

48
Table 16. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optometric technicians they used

to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968

State

United States------------------------------------------

Alabama------------------------------------------------------

Alaska-------------------------------------------------------

Arizona------------------------------------------------------

Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------

California---------------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------------

Delaware-----------------------------------------------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------------

Florida------------------------------------------------------

~:fp ------------------------------------------------------

------- ------- ---------- -------------------- -----------

Idaho--------------------------------------------------------

Illinois-----------------------------------------------------

Indiana------------------------------------------------------

Iowa---------------------------------------------------------

Kansas-------------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------------

Maine--------------------------------------------------------

Maqland -----------------------------------------------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------------

Missouri-----------------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------

New Hampshire------------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------

New Mexic0---------------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------------------------------------

North Carolina-----------------------------------------------

~h:;h Dakota-------------------------------------------------

......-.-------------------------------------------------

Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------------

Oregon-------------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------------

Texas--------------------------------------------------------

Utah---------------------------------------------------------

Vemont ------------------------------------------------------

Virginia-----------------------------------------------------

Washington---------------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------

Wyoming------------------------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

Number of optometric

technicians

I I I

None 1

I

2

I

3 or

more

II 1 1 1

Number

18,299

180

Ii;

151

2,222

186

258

35

4;;

1,602

503

336

229

229

222

116

174

714

708

353

120

4:;

155

36

70

674

1,5:+

320

9;$

245

265

1,133

132

155

94

292

740

74

38

272

356

147

428

41

17,649

171

17

122

150

2,144

181

253

:2

467

253

61

83

1,540

483

320

218

226

213

113

162

702

678

348

116

420

1::

69

6::

1,518

308

9::

238

254

1,099

130

150

2%

682

70

37

262

341

144

415

40

485

6

i

5:

4

2

i

23

7

;

39

15

13

8

3

7

2

11

11

21

2

10

1

2

?“

;

50

12

17

7

10

20

2

5

H

1

1

1!

1:

1

104

49
Table 1.6. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number ofoptometric technicians they used

to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968-Con.

State

United States------------------------------------------

Alabama----------------------.---------------.---------------

Alaska-------------------------------------------------------

Arizona-------------------.-------------------.----.----------

Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------

California---------------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------------

Delaware-----------------------------------------------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------------

Florida----------------------------.-------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------

~h:i ------- ------- -------------- --------------- ------- -----

------- ------- -------- -------------- -------------- ------

Illinois-----------------------------------------------------

Indiana------------------------------------------------------

Iowa---------------------------------------------------------

Kansas--------------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------------

Maine-------------------------------------------------------

Maryland-.-.-.----.---.----.------------.---.---------..-----

Massachusetts------------------------------------------------

Michigan------------------------------------------------.-.--

Minnesota----------------------------------------------------

Mississippi----------------------------p-------------.--.-.--- .— Missouri-----------------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------

New Hampshire------------------------------------------------

New Jersey -------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---

New Mexico---------------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------------------------------------

North Carolina-----------------------------------------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Ohio---------------------------------.-=----------------------

Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------------

Oregon-----------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-------------------------- -----------------------

South Dakota----------------........--------........--------.

Tennessee----------------------------------------------------

Texae--------------------------------------------------------

Utah---------------------------------------------------------

L'emont------------------------------------------------------

Virginia---------------------------------------------------

Washington-------------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------

Wyoming------------------------------------------------------

II

Number of optometric

technicians

Total

.=:ometrists

None 1 2

3 or

more

ont

Percent distribution

100”01+

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

95.0

100.0

96.5

99.3

96.5

97.7

98.4

100.0

91.5

94.8

96.8

95.1

96.1

96.2

95.9

95.2

95.4

98.6

96.0

98.2

93.1

98.3

95.7

98.5

96.5

97.5

98.8

98.0

1::.;

.

98.5

94.2

95.7

96.3

98.4

97.5

96.9

96.0

96.9

98.3

100.0 96.6

100.0 1;:.:

100.0

100.0 92:2

100.0 93.7

100.O 97.1

100.0 96.4

100.0 95.8

100.0 97.8

100.0 97.0

100.0 97.2

2.7

—

3.1

.

k;

2.6

2.3

0.8

::;

2.8

2.;

2.5

3.0

3.9

3.7

1.4

3.0

1.8

6.3

1.5

2.9

0.9

H

;::

1.;

:::

3.2

3.7

1.9

3.1

t;

1.7

3.5

4.;

5.3

M

2.8

M

:::

0.6

=

0.;

0.;

0.;

o.i

0.4

;::

0.2

0.;

1.0

0.6

%$

0.3

0.3

1.5

0.7

1.6

0.6

;::

-

0.;

N

0.;

0.3

0.7

0.5

50.
Table 17. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number ofoptometric technicians they used

to assist in practice, according to geographic area

United States, 1968

and selected characteristics of the optometrist:

Geographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrist

United States------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------------

North Central------------------------------------------------

Suuth--------------------------------------------------------

wQst..---------:---------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------------

Wust North Central-------------------------------------------

South Atlantic-----------------------------------------------

East South Central-------------------------------------------

West South Central-------------------------------------------

Mountain-----------------------------------------------------

Pacific------------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

I---- -------------------------------------------------

II----------------------------------------------------

III---------------------------------------------------

Iv----------------------------------------------------

v-----------------------------------------------------

vI----------------------------------------------------

vII---------------------------------------------------

VIII--------------------------------------------------

Ix----------------------------------------------------

x-----------------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------------

25-34 years--------------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------------

45-54 years--------------------------------------------------

55-64 years--------------------------------------------------

65-74 years--------------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------------

Female-------------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States----------------------------------------------------

1 State------------------------------------------------------

2 States-----------------------------------------------------

3 States or more---------------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours---------------------------------------------------

35-39 hours--------------------------------------------------

40 hours -----------------------------------------------------

41-44 hours--------------------------------------------------

45-48 hours--------------------------------------------------

49 hours or more---------------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

Number of optometric

technicians

18,299

4,721

5,838

4,107

3,633

1,327

3,394

4,168

1,670

1,929

820

1.358

“709

2,924

1,327

2,261

1,834

2,049

4,521

1,429

1,151

556

2,448

725

2,0%

5/;;

2;601

1,205

396

17,912

387

20

13,920

3,355

1,005

2,153

2,897

4,218

2,330

3,431

3,269

Number

17,649

4,585

5,642

3,918

3,503

1,304

3,281

4,019

1,623

1,847

789

1,283

686

2,817

1,304

2,182

1,768

1,967

4,367

1,349

1,110

544

2,363

696

1,9:;

5,215

6,389

2,502

1,163

388

17,274

375

16

13,454

3,209

970

2,102

2,819

4,080

2,240

3,289

3,118

485

1%

154

96

+;

102

?:

26

55

15

81

19

z

J:

58

33

6?

25

12:

175

75

32

3

476

9

34i

108

27

;:

99

67

1;:

104

27

28

26

23

2:

25

:

li

Ii

1:

14

22

19

1

J

3

1;

:;

l?

3

103

1

3

70

27

4

8

5

21

17

30

23

62

12

30

1?

E

8

:

3

1;

i

6

2:

2

16

1

;

12

26

11

4

1

60

2

4;

11

3

7

1:

7

14

14

51
Table 17. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number ofoptmmetric technicians they used

to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristicsof the optometrist:

United States, 1968—Con.

Geographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrist

United States------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------------

North Central------------------------------------------------

South--------------------------------------------------------

West---------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New Englad --------------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------------

West North Central-------------------------------------------

South Atlantic-----------------------------------------------

East South Central-------------------------------------------

West South Central-------------------------------------------

Momtain -----------------------------------------------------

Pacific------------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

I---------------------“-------------------------------

II----------------------------------------------------

III---------------------------------------------------

Iv----------------------------------------------------

V-----------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------

;;I---------------------------------------------------

VIII--------------------------------------------------

IX----------------------------------------------------

x-------------------.---------------------------------

Age of.optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------------

25-34 years--------------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------------

45-54 years--------------------------------------------------

55-64 years--------------------------------------------------

65-74 years--------------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male----------------------------------------------------------

Female-------------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States----------------------------------------------------

1 StEte------------------------------------------------------

2 States-----------------------------------------------------

3 States or more---------------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours---------------------------------------------------

35-39 hours--------------------------------------------------

40 hours-----------------------------------------------------

41-44 hours--------------------------------------------------

45-48 hours--------------------------------------------------

49 hours or more---------------------------------------------

II Nmnber of optometric

technicians

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.O

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

96.5

97.1

96.6

95.4

96.4

98.3

96.7

96.4

97.2

95.7

96.2

94.5

96.7

96.4

98.3

96.5

96.4

96.0

96.6

94.4

96.5

97.8

96.5

96.0

100.0

96.4

96.6

96.3

96.2

96.5

98.0

96.4

96.9

83.1

96.7

95.7

96.5

97.6

97.3

96.7

96.1

95.9

95.4

2.7

2.0

2.4

N

;::

2.5

2.2

3.8

M

2,2

2.8

;::

2.5

3.6

;:;

2.9

1.4

2.5

3.4

2.i

;:;

2.9

;:;

2.7

2.3

2.;

3.2

2.7

1.7

2.4

N

2.9

3.5

0.6

0.6

%2

0.6

0.2

M

0.2

0.4

0.1

1.3

1.0

0.6

0.2

0.6

n

0.6

::?

M!

0.5

0.;

0.5

0.6

0.5

::;

0.6

0.3

16.9

%;

0.4

0.4

:::

~:;

.

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.;

0.5

H

::2

0.2

0.3

0.;

0.3

0.2

0.5

M

O.i

0.2

0.;

%:

0.4

0.4

0,3

M

0.3

:::

::?

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.4

52
Table 18. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number ofoptometric technicians they used

to assist in practice, according to selected professional

United States, 1968

characteristics of the optometrist:

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States--------------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice------------------------------------------------

Partnership-------------------------------------------------

Group practice----------------------------------.------------

Employed by:

Optometrists-------------------------------------------------

Ophthalmologistsor other physicians-------------------------

Profit-making firms------------------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including government)---------------

Other----------------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 oifice------------------......-----------------------.-------

2 offices--------------------------------------------.-------

3 offices or more----------------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits--------------------------------------------

25-49 visits---------------------------------------------------

50-74 visits---------------------------------------------------

75-99 visits---------------------------------------------------

100 visits or more---------------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients------------------------------------------

25-49 patients-------------------------------------------------

50-74 patients-------------------------------------------------

75-99 patients-------------------------------------------------

100 patients or more-------------------------------------------

Number of supplementary helpers of all types

None-----------------------------------------------------------

2.assistant----------------------------------------------------

2 assistants---------------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more-------------------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 services---------------------------------------------------

4-6 services---------------------------------------------------

7-9 senices ---------------------------------------------------

10 services or more--------------------------------------------

TvDe of optometric service

Refractions----------------------------------------------------

Visual field examination---------------------------------------

Tonometry------------------------------------------------------

Anfseikonic testing--------------------------------------------

Biomfcroscopy--------------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy-------------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting-------------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)-----------------------------------

Developmentalvision-------------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids------------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading-----------------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-------------------------------

Frame repairs--------------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware-----------------------------------------

Other----------------------------------------------------------

Number

18,29$

13,51C

2>17$

53(

951

171

636

183

14C

15,082

2,806

41C

1>578

3,762

4,989

2,750

5,221

4,086

6,886

3,719

1,726

1,881

3,960

6,655

3,883

3,801

900

4,075

7,344

5,980

18,238

13,780

12,098

1,528

5,907

16,928

14,521

9,128

5,225

7,450

4,735

17,122

15,532

6,610

-718

17,649

13,251

1,990

472

881

155

;5;

132

14,583

2,675

391

1,545

3,692

4,849

2,650

4,913

4,022

6,692

3,568

1,632

1,734

;,;%;

3:745

3,310

878

3,944

7,140

5,688

L7,588

L3,277

11,629

1,438

5,608

L6,322

L3,973

8,785

5,009

7,127

4,518

L6,521

L4,988

6,319

678

485

225

131

36

43

13

23

;

385

92

8

23.

53

113

2;;

47

156

109

L;!

-

1;$

330

12

L%

233

L85

386

361

75

?42

155

io9

~72

L70

25(3

L69

ksl

ill

~zz

25

104 62

13

18

8

10

:

6

1

42

10

10

4

4

9

3;

1:

13

2;

6i

1;

26

18

z

33

8

17

2$

25

H

22

53

:;

1

53
Table 18. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optometric technicians they used

to assist in practice, according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist:

United States, 1968—Con.

. . . .

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States--------------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice------------------------------------------------

Partnership--------------------------------------------------

Group practice-----------------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists-------------------------------------------------

Ophthalmologistsor other physicians-------------------------

Profit-making firms------------------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including government)---------------

Other----------------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office-------------------------------------------------------

2 offices------------------------------------------------------

3 offices or more----------------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits--------------------------------------------

25-49 visits---------------------------------------------------

50-74 visits---------------------------------------------------

75-99 visits---------------------------------------------------

100 visits or more---------------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients------------------------------------------

25-49 patients-------------------------------------------------

50-74 patients-------------------------------------------------

75-99 patients-------------------------------------------------

100 patients or more-------------------------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

None-----------------------------------------------------------

1 assistant----------------------------------------------------

2 assistants---------------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more-------------------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 senices ---------------------------------------------------

4-6 senices ---------------------------------------------------

7-9 senices ---------------------------------------------------

10 services or more--------------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions----------------------------------------------------

Visual field examination---------------------------------------

Tonmetry ------------------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing--------------------------------------------

Bimicroscopy --------------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy-------------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting-------------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)-----------------------------------

Developmental vision-------------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids------------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading-----------------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-------------------------------

Frame repairs--------------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware-----------------------------------------

Other----------------------------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

Number of optometric

technicians

I

None 1 2

3 or

more

I I

I

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

96.5

98.1

91.4

89.0

92.6

91.0

94.2

91.7

94.5

96.7

95.3

95.4

97.9

98.1

97.2

96.4

94.1

98.4

97.2

95.9

94.5

92.2

100.0

99.7

96.5

87.1

97.5

96.8

97.2

95.1

96.4

96.4

96.1

94.1

94.9

96.4

96.2

96.2

95.9

95.7

95.4

96.5

96.5

95.6

94.4

2.7

:::

6.8

4.5

7.7

3.7

::;

2.6

::2

1.5

;::

::;

1,2

2.3

::?

5.4

0.;

3.4

B.7

1.3

2.3

2,0

3.9

2.7

$:

::!!

2.7

2.8

::!

3.4

3.6

;:;

3.4

3.5

0.6

0.2

1.8

2.7

A::

1.4

1.2

0.5

::!/

0.4

0.4

0,4

0.7

0.9

0.3

0.4

0.8

0.9

1.3

0.i

2.6

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.5

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.6

2.0

0.3

0.1

0.8

1.5

:::

0.7

;::

0.3

0.4

2.5

i ?

0.2

0.2

0.7

i ;

0.4

0.5

1.1

1.6

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.3

$:

0.3

0:3

0.3

0.5

0.3

:::

0.2
Table 19. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians they used

to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968

State

United States------------------------------------------

::::;y ------------------------------------------------------

--------------------- ---------------------------- -------

Arizona------------------------------------------------------

Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------

California---------------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------------

Delaware-----------------------------------------------------

~$~)~t of Columbia-----------------------------------------

-----------------..-------------..----------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------

Hawaii-------------------------------------------------------

Idaho--------------------------------------------------------

:::~n:s -----------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------

Iowa---------------------------------------------------------

Kansas-------------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------------

Maine.......------------------------------------------------

Maqland -----------------------------------------------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------------

Missouri-----------------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------

Nevada........------------------------------------------------

New Hmpshire ------------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------

NewMexico ----------------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------------------------------------

North Carolina-----------------------------------------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Ohio........-........----------------------------------------

Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------------

Oregon.......------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------

Rhode Island------------------------------ ...................-

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------------

Texas--------------------------------------------------------

Utah---------------------------------------------------------

Vemont ------------------------------------------------------

Virginia-----------------------------------------------------

Washington---------------------------------------------------

West Virginia-------------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------

~ming ------------------------------------------------------

Number of dispensing

ovticians

18,295

18C

17

127

151

2,222

186

25E

35

4;;

261

%

1,602

503

336

229

229

222

116

174

714

708

353

120

431

1::

36

70

674

1,5;+

320

9;?

245

265

1,133

132

155

94

292

740

74

38

272

356

147

428

41

16.068

157

16

112

143

1,960

152

244

::

428

224

E

1,442

433

300

206

214

190

110

123

665

584

291

119

373

lg

65

6X&

1,252

316

8;;

243

225

1,071

124

149

2%

518

61

2%

X&

369

35

451

55
Table 19. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians they used

to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 196&Con.

State

United States------------------------------------------

Alabma ------------------------------------------------------

Alaska-------------------------------------------------------

Arizona------------------------------------------------------

Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------

California---------------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------------

Delaware-----------------------------------------------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------------

Florida------------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------

Hawaii-------------------------------------------------------

Idaho--------------------------------------------------------

Illinois-----------------------------------------------------

Indiana------------------------------------------------------

Iowa.-----------.------------------------------.-------------

Kansas-------------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------------

Maine--------------------------------------------------------

~qland -----------------------------------------------------

&ssachusetts ------------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------------

Miwesota ----------------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------------

Missouri-----------------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------

New Hampshire------------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------

New Mexico ---------------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------------------------------------

North Carolina-----------------------------------------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Ohio---------------------------------------------------------

Oklahoma---------------------------------------------.-------

Oregon-----------------2-------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Tennef.L&----------------------------------------------------

Tex::----------------------------------------.--------------

ut.lFl---------------------------------------------------------

V :rmont...--------------------------------------------.-----

Virginia-----------------------------------------------------

~7ashington---------------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------

Wyoming------------------------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

87.8

87.4

93.8

88.7

94.9

88.2

82.0

94.8

100.0

66.1

86.9

85.5

98.4

98.7

90.0

86.1

89.4

89.8

93.5

85.9

95.4

70.6

:;.;

82:4

99.1

86.5

95.1

83.6

90.9

92.4

94.4

93.1

78.9

99.0

95.2

87.1

99.1

84.8

94.5

94.1

95.9

87..5

;9.$

82:5

100.0

93.9

87.6

97.1

86.4

86.1

7.6

8.2

6.3

7.8

5.2

1!:2

4.8

18.;

11.8

9.6

1.6

;:;

;:;

::;

;:;

10.6

1::;

10.3

0.9

:::

11.0

R

4.1

1;:;

0.7

U

R

4.2

1::;

1;:;

.

4.;

9.1

1;:;

13.9

2.5

1.3

1.;

1.;

:::

5.;

1.3

1.6

;:;

2.9

0.9

1.9

;:;

8.1

U

4.6

2.;

4.i

1.;

1.5

$:;

:::

2.8

3.;

1.1

1.7

0.7

1.1

0.4

0.6

6.4

O.i

1.5

1.;

2.1

3.1

1.;

:::

10.;

3.2

;::

;:;

4.;

10.6

0.5

2.4

2.7

2.;

1.Z

1.;

-

4.i

3.;

2.:

0.3

1.1

0.4

5.9

106

0.;

1.8

1.0

56
Table 20. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number’of dispensing opticians they used

to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist:

Unhted States, 1968

Geographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrist

United States------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------------

North Central------------------------------------------------

South--------------------------------------------------------

west---------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------------

West North Central-------------------------------------------

south Atlantic-----------------------------------------------

East South Central-------------------------------------------

Wcs’cSouth Central-------------------------------------------

Mountain-----------------------------------------------------

Pacific------------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

I

-------- ------------- -------- -------- --------- --------

--- - --- - ----- ------ -- - --------- ---------------------

:~I---------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------

v---------------------------,---------------------------

vI----------------------------------------------------

VII---------------------------------------------------

vIII--------------------------------------------------

r----------------------------------------------------

i~----------------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------------

25-34 years--------------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------------

45-54 years--------------------------------------------------

55-64 years--------------------------------------------------

b5-74 years--------------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------------

Female-------------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed” in

No States----------------------------------------------------

1 State------------------------------------------------------

2 States-----------------------------------------------------

3 States or more---------------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours---------------------------------------------------

35-39 hours--------------------------------------------------

40 hours-----------------------------------------------------

41-44 hours---------------------------------------------------

45-48 hOU~S --------------------------------------------------

49 hours or more---------------------------------------------

Number of dispensing

outicians

18.299

4,721

5,838

4,107

3,633

1,327

3,394

4,168

1,670

1,929

820

1,358

709

2,924

1,327

2,261

1,834

2,049

4,521

1,429

1,151

556

2,448

725

62

2,004

5,400

6,632

2,601

1,205

396

17,912

387

13,9%’

3,355

1,005

2,153

2,897

4,218

2,330

3,431

3,269

16.068

4,205

5,086

3,574

3,204

1,246

2,958

3,635

1,450

1,721

759

1,094

628

2,576

1,246

1,888

1,675

1,876

3,926

1,159

1,008

484

2,168

638

1,6;:

4,692

5,871

2,303

1,081

373

15,735

333

12,2;;

2,:;;

2,015

2,667

3,596

1,996

2,953

2,841

1.389

341

476

312

261

2;:

335

140

139

l;i

2;;

63

231

1::

372

131

;:

158

59

182

454

470

183

75

20

.,354

36

.,02:

271

94

1:

357

205

291

298

451

3 or

more

391

57
Table 20. Number and percent distribu~ion of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians they used

to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist:

United States, 1968—Con.

Geographic area and selected characteristicsof

optometrist

United States------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------------

North Central------------------------------------------------

South--------------------------------------------------------

West---------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------------

West North Central-------------------------------------------

South Atlantic-----------------------------------------------

East South Central-------------------------------------------

West South Central-------------------------------------------

Mowtain -----------------------------------------------------

Pacific------------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

I-----------------------------------------------------

II----------------------------------------------------

III---------------------------------------------------

IIJ----------------------------------------------------

v-.----------------------- ------------- ------------- --

vl----- -----------------------------------------------

VII---------------------------------------------------

VIII--------------------------------------------------

Ix----------------------------------------------------

x-----------------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------------

25-34 years--------------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------------

45-54 years--------------------------------------------------

55-64 years--------------------------------------------------

65-74 years--------------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------------

Female-------------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States----------------------------------------------------

1 State------------------------------------------------------

2 States-----------------------------------------------------

3 States or more---------------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours---------------------------------------------------

35-39 hours--------------------------------------------------

40 hours-----------------------------------------------------

41-44 hours--------------------------------------------------

45-48 hours--------------------------------------------------

49 hours or more---------------------------------------------

Number of dispensing

opticians

Total

?tometrists

None 1 2

3 or

more

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

87.8

89.1

87.1

87.0

88.2

93.9

87.2

87.2

86.8

89.2

92.6

80.6

88.5

88.1

93.9

83.5

91.3

91.6

86.9

81.1

87.6

87.1

88.6

88.0

84.2

84.6

86.9

88.5

88.6

89.7

94.4

87.9

86.0

88.5

88.3

87.3

82.3

93.6

92.1

85.2

85.7

86.1

86.9

7.6

7.2

8.2

7.6

7.2

4,8

8.2

8.1

!?:;

5.7

H

6.9

1;:;

5.2

6.7

8.2

;::

8.7

6.5

8.1

5.2

;::

7.1

7.0

6.2

5.0

7.6

9.2

5.8

7.4

8.1

9.4

4.3

5.1

8.5

M

9.1

2.5

=

2.2

2.7

3.0

1.9

;:;

2.6

u

0.9

6.2

1.7

1.9

1.0

3.4

N

2.7

6.o

;::

1.8

2.1

3.6

2.7

2.7

2.2

3.0

1.8

0.3

2.5

2.9

2.;

2.5

%.7

1.3

1.5

3.1

2,9

3.1

2.3

2.1

~

1.6

2.1

2.4

2.8

0.3

2.1

2.2

1.8

M

4.0

1.5

3.1

0.3

2.9

k;

2.2

3.8

1.7

1.8

?:;

7.0

;::

2.2

k:

0.3

2.1

2.0

5.8

::?

3.5

0.8

1,4

3.2

;::

1.7

58
Table 21. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians they used

to assist in Dractice, according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: United

States, 1968 -

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States---------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

SII1Opractice-------------------------------------------

PartnersIlip---------------------------------------------

Group practice------------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists--------------------------------------------

Ophthalmologists or other physicians--------------------

Profit-making firms-------------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including government)----------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 Office--------------------------------------------------

2 offices-------------------------------------------------

3 offices or more-----------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits---------------------------------------

25-49 visits---.--------------------------------,----------

50-74 visits“--------------------------------------------

75-99 visits----------------------------------------------

100 visits or more----------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients-------------------------------------

25-49 patients--------------------------------------------

50-74 patients--------------------------------------------

75-99 patients--------------------------------------------

LOO patients or more--------------------------------------

Number of supplementary helpers of all types

None------------------------------------------------------

1 assistant-----------------------------------------------

2 assistants----------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more--------------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 services------..---.-----------------------------------

4-6 semices ----------------------------------------------

7-9 services----------------------------------------------

10 services or more---------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions-----------------------------------------------

Visual field examination----------------------------------

Tonometry-------------------------------------------------

AniseLkonic testing---------------------------------------

BLonicroscopy---------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy--------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------

Developmental vision--------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading------------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------

Frame repairs---------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware------------------------------------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

Number of dispensing

opticians

I I I

None I

1 I

2

3 or

more

18,299

13,51C

2,178

53C

951

171

636

18:

140

15,083

2,806

410

1,578

3,762

4,989

2,750

5,221

4,086

6,886

3,719

1,726

1,881

3,960

6,655

3,883

3,801

900

4,075

J, 344

5,980

18,238

13,780

12,098

1,528

5,907

16,928

14,521

9,128

5,225

7,450

4,735

17,122

15,532

6,610

718

Number

16,068

12,757

1,741

363

578

3;:

119

101

13,366

2,410

292

1,504

3,.572

4,491

2,386

4,116

3,923

6,270

3,144

1,369

1,362

3,960

6,549

3,431

2,128

731

3,431

6,550

5,356

.6,014

.2,355

.0,726

1,360

5,164

.4,872

.2,744

8,354

4,766

6>609

4,307

.5,147

.;,;;;

’634

L,389

611

2::

190

12;

26

18

.,115

234

41

1;;

339

209

659

121

441

375

;:;

10;

425

858

3;;

504

472

,386

958

925

125

520

,284

,126

551

348

576

310

,278

,168

690

55

391

43

H

;;

91

27

14

253

82

56

11

29

:;

196

i’:

R

120

39i

1:$

1;:

389

214

193

1::

353

293

105

54

132

3%

263

155

13

59
Table 21. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians they used ~

to assist in nractice. accordinz to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: United

States, 1968~Con. “

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States---------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo pzactice-------------------------------------------

Partnership---------------------------------------------

Group practice------------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists--------------------------------------------

Ophthalmologistsor other physicians--------------------

Profit-making firms-------------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including government)----------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office--------------------------------------------------

2 offices-------------------------------------------------

3 offices or more-----------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits---------------------------------------

25-49 visits----------------------------------------------

50-74 visits----------------------------------------------

75-99 visits----------------------------------------------

100 visits or more-----------------------------:----------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients-------------------------------------

25-49 patients--------------------------------------------

50-74 patients--------------------------------------------

75-99 patients--------------------------------------------

100 patients or more--------------------------------------

Number of supplementar~helpers of all types

None------------------------------------------------------

1 assistant-----------------------------------------------

2 assistants----------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more--------------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 senices ----------------------------------------------

4-6 services--------------------------------------------

7-9 semices ----------------------------------------------

10 services or more---------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions-----------------------------------------------

Visual field examinat’ion----------------------------------

Tonmetry -------------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing---------------------------------------

Biomicroscopy---------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy--------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------

Developmental vision--------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading------------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------

Frame repairs---------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware------------------------------------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

60

Total

Optometrists

Number of dispensing

opticians

None I1

I

2

3 or

more

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

87.8

94.4

80.0

68.5

60.8

56.5

48.9

64.8

72.5

88.6

85.9

71.3

95.3

94.9

90.0

86.8

78.8

96.0

91.1

84.5

79.3

72.4

100.0

98.4

88.4

56.0

81.3

84.2

89.2

89.6

87.8

89.7

88.7

89.0

87.4

87.9

87.8

91.5

::.;

91:0

88.5

88.6

84.8

88.2

7.6

1::;

16.1

19.9

17.9

23.0

14.3

12.7

;::

9.9

3.6

;:;

12:6

:::

10.1

11.1

13.8

1;:;

22.6

:::

6.9

7.9

7.6

7.0

ii;

8.8

7.6

:::

6.7

::;

7.5

1;::

7.6

~

H

7.5

10.7

10.3

13.8

6.0

4.7

2.3

2.9

5.1

0.4

1.0

1.9

;::

0.4

1.7

2.9

3.9

7.4

-

1?::

5.4

3.9

2.2

1.4

2.5

1.8

;.:

.

$:;

2.5

1.3

;::

1.3

2,3

2.2

;::

2.1

0.3

3.0

7.8

1!:;

:$;

10:2

;:;

13.7

0.7

0.8

1.3

3.2

3.8

‘0.6

0.8

$;

6.4

10.i

“4.9

3.7

1.8

1.1

2.1

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

2.1

2.0

1.2

;.:

1:2

::!

2.4

1.9
Table 22. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians they

used to assist in practice, according to State; United States. 1968

State

United states------------------------------------------

Alabma ------------------------------------------------------

Alaska-------------------------------------------------------

Arizona------------------------------------------------------

Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------

California---------------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------------

Delaware-----------------------------------------------------

District of Colombia-----------------------------------------

Florida------------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------

~;;i -------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

Illinois-----------------------------------------------------

Indiana------------------------------------------------------

Iowa---------------------------------------------------------

Kansas-------------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------------

Maine-------------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------------

Missouri-----------------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------

New H-pshire ------------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------

New Mexico-------'--------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------------------------------------

North Carolina-----------------------------------------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Ohio---------------------------------------------------------

Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------------

Orega -------------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-------+..------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------------

Texas--------------------------------------------------------

Utah---------------------------------------------------------

ve~o~t.-----------------------------------------&-----------

Virginia -----------------------------------------------------

Washington---------------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------

Wyoming------------------------------------------------------

11

II Number of contact lens

technicians

Number

18.299

180

1;;

151

2,222

186

258

;:

493

261

%

1,602

503

336

229

229

222

116

174

714

708

353

120

431

89

155

%

674

1,5;+

320

72

927

245

265

1,133

132

155

2;;

740

74

2;;

356

147

428

41

17,784

174

17

125

15C

2,151

17$

258

:2

481

258

63

1,5X

481

319

224

228

216

116

168

710

692

335

120

418

1:?

34

70

665

71

1>546

319

8;;

241

262

1,104

130

151

2%

681

71

2%

345

146

419

41

418 6:

61
Table 22. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number or contact lens technicians they

used to assist in practice. accordinz to State: United States, 1968—con.

State

United States------------------------------------------

Alabma ------------------------------------------------------

Alaska-------------------------------------------------------

Arizona------------------------------------------------------

Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------

California---------------------------------------------------

Colorado-----------------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------------

Delaware-----------------------------------------------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------------

Florida-----------------------------.------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------

Hawaii-------------------------------------------------------

Idaho--------------------------------------------------------

Illinois-----------------------------------------------------

Indiana------------------------------------------------------

Iowa-------.-------------------------------------------------

Kansas.------------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------------

Maine-------------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------------

Missouri-----------------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------------

Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------

New Hmpshire ------------------------------------------------

New Jersey --------------------------- ------------------------

New Mexico---------------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------------------------------------

North Carolina-----------------------------------------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Ohio---------------------------------------------------------

Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------------

Oregon-------------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------------

Texas--------------------------------------------------------

utah---------------------------------------------------------

Vermont------------------------------------------------------

Virginia-----------------------------------------------------

Washington---------------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------------

Wiscmsin ----------------------------------------------------

Wyming ------------------------------------------------------

Number of contact lens

technicians

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100:0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

97.2

96.9

100.0

99.1

99.3

96.8

96.5

100.0

100.0

94.9

97.6

98.8

98.4

100.0

95.6

95.5

94.9

97.7

99.5

97.5

100.0

96.3

;;.:

94:9

100.0

97.0

100.0

97.3

93.9

100.0

98.7

100.0

97.4

99.7

100.0

96.9

98.3

98.8

97.4

98.3

97.2

97.7

97.1

92.1

95.2

100.0

97.6

96,7

99.3

98.0

100.0

2.3

2.5

0,?

2.8

2.9

5.;

1.1

1.2

1.6

3.3

::;

;::

2.0

::;

::;

1.;

2.;

6.1

1.2

2.2

0.3

2.;

::;

2.1

1.7

2,8

H

7.2

1.6

2.6

2.4

0.7

1.5

0.3

0.6

0.;

0.6

0.;

.

0.;

0.6

::;

0.;

0.6

0.2

0.;

1,6

0.;

0.2

.-

0.1

0.;

0.4

0.4

0.;

1.6

0.;

0.9

0.;

0.2

0,;

0.;

1.;

0.;

0.6

0.3

0.;

0,;

.

0.2

0.1

O.z

0.1

;:;

1.;

0.;

62
Table 23. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians they

used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968

Geographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrist

United States-------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast-----------------------------------------------------

l$o~~ Central-------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------.---

West----------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England---------------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic-----------------------------------------------

East North Central--------------------------------------------

West North Central--------------------------------------------

South Atlantic----y-------------------------------------------

East South Central...--------.-&------------------------------

West South Central--------------------------------------------

Mountain----------y-------------------------------------------

Pacific-----------i-------------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

-------- ---------------- -------- ------------ --------- -

;I-----------------------------------------------------

III----------------------------------------------------

IV-------....ti------------------------------------

v--------..l..-..----------------------------------

VI---------A-------------------------------------------

VII----------------------------------------------------

VIII---------------------------------------------------

IX-------------J---------------------------------------

X------------------------ -------------------- ---------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years------------------------------------------------

25-34 years----------------------<----------------------------

35-44 years---------------------------------------------------

45-54 years---------------------------------------------------

55-64 yeara---------------------------------------------------

65-74 years---------------------------------------------------

75 years and over----;----------------------------------------

,,

I

Sex of optometrist

Male----------------------------------------------------------

Femle --------------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

y~~:s -----------------------------------------------------

---------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- . ------

2 States------------------------------------------------------

3 States or more----------------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours----------------------------------------------------

35-39 hours---------------------------------------------------

40 hours------------------------------------------------------

41-44 hours---------------------------------------------------

45-48 hours---------------------------------------------------

49 hours or more----------------------------------------------

I I

Number

18,299

4,721

5,838

4,107

3,633

1,327

3,394

4,168

1,670

1,929

820

1,358

709

2,924

1,327

2,261

1,834

2,049

4,521

1,429

1,;::

2,448

725

2,0::

5,400

6,632

2,601

1,205

396

17,912

387

13,9;:

3,355

1,005

2,153

2,897

4,218

2,330

:,:;;

s

17,784

4,635

5,631

3,984

3,533

1,320

3,315

4,021

1,610

1,:;;

1,288

696

2,838

1,320

2,211

1,787

2,014

4,356

1,359

1,111

544

2,374

710

1,9:;

5,246

;,;;:

1;174

389

17,415

369

L3,5;?

3,260

961

2,111

2,854

;,;;:

3;309

3,156

418

J:

104

82

5

1!

29

&

7:

$

26

130

62

29

6;

11

5:

131

151

50

23

4

404

13

31:

x

31

39

98

63

99

88

63
Table 23. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians they i

used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristicsof the Optometrist: United States, 1968—Con.

Geographic area and selected characteristicsof

optometrist

United States------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------------

North Central------------------------------------------------

south--------------------------------------------------------

West---------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------------

East North Central-------------------------------------------

West North Central-------------------------------------------

South Atlantic-----------------------------------------------

East South Central-------------------------------------------

West South Central-------------------------------------------

Mountain-----------------------------------------------------

Pacific------------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

Region

I-----------------------------------------------------

II----------------------------------------------------

III---------------------------------------------------

IV----------------------------------------------------

V---------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------

;:I---------------------------------------------------

VIII--------------------------------------------------

IX----------------------------------------------------

X----------------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------------

25-34 years--------------------------------------------------

35-44 years--------------------------------------------------

45-54 years--------------------------------------------------

55-64 years--------------------------------------------------

65-74 years--------------------------------------------------

75 years and over--------------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------------

FemalF -------------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in.

No States-----------------------------------------------------

1 state------------------------------------------------------

~ ~t~re~-.-s-------..---.----.--=--.-------.---=-------------

3 States w- more-------------- .-----------------------------

Hours per we;% .,1~y : .ked

1-34 hours---------------------------------------------------

35-39 hours--------------------------------------------------

40 hours------------------------------------------------------

41-44 hours--------------------------------------------------

45-48 hours--------------------------------------------------

49 hours or more---------------------------------------------

Number of contact lens

technicians

Total

optometrists

m

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

97.2

98.2

96.5

97.0

97.3

99.5

97.7

96.5

96.4

98.0

98.2

94.9

98.1

97.1

99.5

97.8

;2.;

96:3

95.1

96.5

97.8

97.0

97.9

93.0

96.4

97.2

97.2

97.7

97.4

98.3

97.2

95.4

94.6

97.3

97.2

95.6

98.1

98.5

97.1

96.8

96.4

96.5

2.3

1.5

2.7

2.5

2.3

0.4

2.0

2.8

::;

;:2

1.2

2.5

0.4

1.9

2.1

1.3

;:;

2.5

1.4

2.7

1.5

5.2

2.8

2.4

2.3

1.9

;:?

2.3

3.5

5.4

2.3

2.0

3.5

1.4

1.4

2.3

;:;

2.7

0.3

0.2

0.5

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.2

:::

8:;

0.6

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.1

H

0.7

0.4

0.2

0.5

.

;::

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.3

0.6

0.;

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.4

H

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.2

o.i

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

8::

.

0.2

0.1

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.2

:::

::$

::;

.

0.2

0.6

o,i

0.4

0.5

0,2

%$

0.1

0.2

0.3

64
Table 24. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians they

used to assist in practice? according to selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist:

United States, 1968

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States---------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

solo practice-------------------------------------------

Partnership---------------------------------------------

Group practice------------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists--------------------------------------------

ophthalmologists or other physicians--------------------

profit-making firms-------------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (includinggovernment)----------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office--------------------------------------------------

2 offices-------------------------------------------------

3 offices or more-----------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits---------------------------------------

25-49 visits----------------------------------------------

50-74 visits----------------------------------------------

75-99 visits----------------------------------------------

100 visits or more----------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients-------------------------------------

25-49 patients--------------------------------------------

50-74 patients--------------------------------------------

75-99 patients--------------------------------------------

100 patients or more--------------------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

None.-.--.------------------------------------------------

1 assistant-----------------------------------------------

2 assistants----------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more--------------------------------------

Number of optometric services

1-3 services----------------------------------------------

4-6 semices ----------------------------------------------

7-9 senices ----------------------------------------------

10 services or more---------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions-----------------------------------------------

Visual field examination----------------------------------

Tonometry-------------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing---------------------------------------

Biomicroscopy---------------------------------------------

ophthahoscopy --------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------

Developmental vision--------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading------------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------

Frame repairs---------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware-------’----------------------------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

II I I I

Number

18,299

13,510

2,178

530

951

171

636

183

140

15,083

2,806

410

1,578

3,762

4,989

2,750

5,221

4,086

6,886

3,719

1,726

1,881

3,960

6,655

3,883

3,801

900

4,075

7,344

5,980

18,238

13,780

12,098

1,528

5,907

16,928

14,521

9,128

5,225

7,450

4,735

17,122

15,532

6,610

718

17,784

13,342

2,082

473

864

149

566

175

132

14,695

2,711

378

1,555

3,711

4,881

2,678

4,958

4,040

6,762

3,601

1,651

1,730

3,960

6,648

3,829

3,347

857

3,931

7,176

5,821

.7,731

.3,442

S,776

1,462

5,681

:6,462

.4,056

8,930

5,116

7,241

4,635

L6,700

L5,161

6,414

680

418

146

:!

76

21

53

5

8

322

75

20

18

39

87

2:;

36

103

92

lx

i

3%

1?:

145

128

414

285

264

1:?

377

370

170

1%

3;2

307

158

29

61

13

20

10

6

1:

1

42

13

6

2

7

11

32

5

H

2:

6;

1;

16

21

58

:;

8

;+

59

21

11

23

::

38

22

7

37

9

7

7

6

;

2

24

7

7

3

6

10

1:

4

1?

2

9

3;

1:

1;

35

19

18

12

32

35

6

1:

3;

25

15

3

65
Table 24. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians they

used to assist in Dractice. according to selected Professional characteristicsof the optometrist:

United States, 196&Con. ‘

Selected professional characteristicsof optometrist

United States---------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice-------------------------------------------

Partnership---------------------------------------------

Group practice------------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists--------------------------------------------

Ophthalmologists or other physicians--------------------

Profit-making firms-------------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (includinggovernment)----------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office--------------------------------------------------

2 offices-------------------------------------------------

3 offices or more-----------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits---------------------------------------

25-49 visits----------------------------------------------

50-74 visits----------------------------------------------

75-99 visits----------------------------------------------

100 visits or more----------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients-------------------------------------

25-49 patients--------------------------------------------

50-74 patients--------------------------------------------

75-99 patients--------------------------------------------

100 patients or more--------------------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

None ------------------------------------------------------

1 assistant-----------------------------------------------

2 assistants----------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more--------------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 senices ----------------------------------------------

4-6 se~ices ----------------------------------------------

7-9 senices ----------------------------------------------

10 services or more---------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions-----------------------------------------------

Visual field examination----------------------------------

Tonometry-------------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing---------------------------------------

Biomicroscopy---------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy--------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------

Vis7!~ltraining (orthoptics)------------------------------

Developmental vision--------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading------------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------

Frame repairs---------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware------------------------------------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.O

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

97.2

98.8

95.6

89.3

90.9

87.2

89.0

95.2

94.6

97.4

96.6

92.2

98.5

98.7

97.8

97.4

95.0

98.9

98.2

96.8

95.6

91.9

100.0

99.9

98.6

88.1

95.2

96.5

97.7

97.3

97.2

97.5

97.3

95.6

96.2

97.3

96.8

97.8

97.9

‘97.2

97.9

97.5

97.6

97.0

94.6

2.3

1.1

::;

1:::

8.3

2.9

5.4

2.1

::;

1.1

t?

::?

0.9

H

2::

o.i

1.4

9.4

n

2.0

2.1

2.3

2.1

2.2

3.6

3.1

M

1.9

;::

1.7

2.0

2.0

M

0.3

0.1

0.9

1.8

0.6

0.6

;::

0.3

0.5

1.4

0.1

0.2

%;

0.7

0.1

0.2

M

1.2

1.;

0.5

u

0.4

%:

;:2

0.5

;::

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

M

0.3

0.9

0.2

0.1

0.3

1.2

0.6

l.i

1,3

.

R

1.6

0.2

0.2

t:

0.3

%1

;:!

0.5

1.;

0.5

0.4

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.2

::;

0.1

M

0.2

0.2

;:;

66
Table 25. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians (shopmen)

they used to assist in practice, according to State: United state~. 196g

State

United States-----------------------------------------

Alabama------------------------------------------------------

Alaska--.---------------------------------------------------

Arizona------------------------------------------------------

Arkansas--.-------------.-----------------------------------,

California--------------------------------------------------,

Colorado--------........-------------------------------.----,

Connecticut---------------------------------.------------.--,

Delaware-----------------------------------------------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------------

Florida------------------.-----.------------.---------------.

Georgia------------------------------------------------------

Hawaii-------------------------------------------------------

Idaho--.--------.---------.-----------------.---------------.

Illinois-----------------------------------------------------

Indiana----------------------s-------------------------------

Iowa--------.-----------------------------------------------.

Kansas-------------------------------------------------------

Kentucky-,-------- ---------------------------------------------

Louisiana----------------------------------------------------

Maine!--------------------------------------------------------

Maryland---.------.-----.-.-.----.--.-.--.--s--.-------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------------

Mississippi--------------------------------------------------

MLssourI------------.-----------------.-----.-.--.----.---m-.

Montana-..--.--=.--.-.-.=...-.-.w.w..-----------.-----=------

Nebraska-------------------------------------.----------------

Nevada----------.----.-------------..-------.----.----.------

New Hampshire------------------------------------------------

New Jersey---------------.-----------------------------------

New I.lcxico----------------------------------------------------

New York-----------------------.--------..-------------------

North Carolina--.-------.-----.-------------s----------------

North Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Ohio----..--..--------.------.--------.----------.-----------

Oklahoma........---------------.........-----------------.-.-

Orugon-------------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------

RhocleIsland-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------------

~s ........................................................

----------------------------------------------------------

Vemont ------------------------------------------------------

Virginia-...--.--------.------------..-------.-.-.-----------

Washington..................................................-

West Virginia................................................

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------

Wyoming------------------------------------------------------

18,291

18(

1+:

15:

2,22;

18(

25[

3!

4;!

261

6/

1,6~[

50:

174

714

708

35:

12C

431

89

155

36

70

674

1,51$

320

9;;

245

265

1,133

132

155

2;;

740

;:

272

356

147

428

41

Number

16,82:

165

1::

143

2,089

167

235

34

4::

235

64

1,4%

456

320

226

213

200

111

144

689

646

338

120

390

85

147

33

67

636

1,3!?

302

8;;

232

246

1,066

117

1$:

265

666

64

2::

334

140

381

41

24!

1

:

1:

c

4

22

6

i

6

2

1

3

1

3

1

9

;

12

5;

3

1;

2

3

9

1

1

2:

4

;

2

6

67
Table 25. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians (shopmen)

they used to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968-Con.

State

United States------------------------------------------

Alabama--------------------.---.-s-------------------------.=.

Alzska----------------------------------------=-------------

Arizona------------------------------------------------------

Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------

California------.--------------------------------------m-----

Colorado-----------------------------------------------------

Connecticut--------------------------------------------------

Delaware--------------------------------------.--------------

District of Columbia-----------------------------------------

Florida------------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------

Hawaii-------------------------------------------------------

Idaho---------------------------------------------------------

Illinois-----------------------------------------------------

Indiana------------------------------------------------------

Iowa----------------------------------------------------------

tinsas-------------------------------------------------------

Kentucky------------------------------------.----------------

Louisiana-----------------------------=----------------------

klaine--------------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------------

Massachusetts------------------------------------------------

Michigan-----------------------------------------------------

Minnesota----------------------------------------------------

Mississippi-=-----------..--.---.------.--..---.-.-=---------

Missouri-----------------------------------------------------

Montana------------------------------------------------------

Nebraska.....................................................

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------

New Hampehire------------------------------------------------

New Jer:ey ---------------------------------------------------

NewMexzco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New ~ork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina..............................................-

North Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Ohio---------------------------------------------------------

Oklahom -----------------------------------------------------

Oregon-------------------------------------------------------

Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------

Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------

South Dakota-------------------------------------------------

Tennessee----------------------------------------------------

Texas----------------------------------------........--------

Utah---------------------------------------------------------

Vemont ------------------------------------------------------

Virginia-----------------------------------------------------

Washington----------------------------------------------------

West Virginia------------------------------------------------

Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------

Wyoting------------------------------------------------------

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

91.9

91.8

93.8

93.0

94.9

94.0

90.1

91.2

96.7

76.3

92.7

90.0

100.0

98.7

92.0

90.6

95.2

98.6

93.0

90.4

96.3

82.5

96.5

91.2

95.8

100.0

90.5

96.3

95.2

90.9

95.5

94.4

.95.7

83.0

94.6

96.8

91.5

94.8

92.8

94.1

88.2

93.8

90.9

90.9

90.0

85.7

100.0

89.5

93.6

95.0

89.1

100.0

5.4

2::

::;

::?

8.0

3.3

::;

8.4

4.;

5.8

3.2

4.5

R

8.1

2.9

6.4

3.3

R

4.8

9.1

3.8

4.4

0.7

3.7

3.2

4.9

4.4

6.0

4.3

1.8

4.8

6.8

5.8

6.0

6.4

8.i

5.5

4.3

8.8

1.4

0.6

1.7

1.5

0.9

1.7

6.;

0.7

1.6

1.4

1.3

0.;

2.8

A::

;:;

0.5

0.3

2.;

.

3.0

1.8

3.;

1.0

1.6

0.9

1.2

0.8

0.7

;:;

:::

2.;

0.6

1.;

1.3

2.5

-

1.;

0.8

1.;

0.2

1.3

2.4

2.4

A::

5.6

;:5

2.0

0.6

2.;

.

1.5

2.;

0.7

2.i

0.;

.

0.7

h:;

$::

O.i

0.3

0,7

0.5

68
Table 26. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians (shopmen)

they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968

Geographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrists

United States----------------.-----------------.-----

Geographic region

Northeast --------------------------------------------------

~o;;~ Central-.----Q---------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------

west -------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England------------------------------------------------

Middle Atlantic--------------------------------------------

East North Central-----------------------------------------

West North Central-----------------------------------------

South Atlmtic .........--------........---------------------

East South Central-----------------------------.-----------

West South Central-----------------------------------------

Mountain---------------------------------------------------

Pacific-----------------.----.------..------p--------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region

Region

Region

Regicm

Region

Region

Region

Regioo

Region

Region

-------------------- ---------- -------------------- -

:I--------------------------------------------------

111 -------- -------- --s----- -------- -----.--- --------

IV- --- . - -- -- ---- .- .- . - -- -- -- -- . - ---- -. ---- --- --- -- --

v . . . . . . . . -------- . . . . . . . . -------- -------- ---.---- ---

vI--------------------------------------------------

vII-------------------------------------------------

vIII ------------------------------------------------

Ix--------------------------------------------------

X-------- -------- -------- -------- ---.---- -------- ---

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years ---------------------------------------------

25-34 years---.-.-----------.-.-------------..--w----------

35-44 years------------------------------------------------

45-54 years------------------------------------------------

55-64 years------------------------------------------------

65-74 years------------------------------------------------

75 years and over------------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male -------------------------------------------------------

Feule -----------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States -------- -------- -------- -------- ----.--” ----------

L State -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ----

2 States ---------------------------------------------------

3 States or lnore -------------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------

35-39 huurs ------------------------------------------------

40 hours ---------------------------------------------------

41-44 hours -------------------------------------------------

45-48 hours -------------------- ---------- ------------------

49 hours or more -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---

18,29!

4,721

5,83[

4,10:

3,63:

1,32;

3,39~

4,16[

1,67(

1,92!

82C

1,35[

705

2,924

1,327

2,261

1,834

2,045

4,521

1,429

1,151

556

2,4L8

725

2,0;:

5,400

6,632

2,601

1,205

396

17,912

387

20

13,920

3,355

1,005

2,153

2,897

4,218

2,330

3,431

3,269

Number

L,6,825

4,275

5,381

3,760

3,409

1,256

3,019

3,805

1,577

1,756

763

1,242

661

2,748

1,256

1,953

1,682

1,903

4,143

1,310

1,083

513

2,303

681

1,8:?

4,997

6,106

2,375

1,090

370

.6,463

362

2,8;:

3,071

908

2,048

2,738

3,849

2,098

3,127

2,966

981

304

286

231

160

2::

225

1::

2:

12:

60

195

103

109

236

ii

32

97

36

5

2::

354

158

E

9:;

72;

199

58

76

104

232

151

202

215

24; 245
Table 26. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians (shopmen)

they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968—Con.

Geographic area and selected characteristics of

optometrist

United states----------------------------------------

Geozrauhic re~ion

Northeast------------------------------------.-------------

North Central----------------------------------------------

South-----------------------------------------------------

West-------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England----------------------- ---.--------------------

Middle Atlantic--------------------------------------------

East North Central-----------------------------------------

West North Central -----------------------------------------

South Atlantic---------------------------------------------

East South Central-----------------------------------------

West South Central-----------------------------------------

Mou?tain---------------------------------------------------

Pacific----------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region I---------------------------------------------------

Region II--------------------------------------------------

Region III-------------------------------------------------

Region IV--------------------------------------------------

Region V---------------------------------------------------

Region VI--------------------------------------------------

Region VII---...--..------.-m---.----..--..------------.---

Region VIII--------“----------.------------.---------------

Region H --------------------------------------------------

Region X----------------------------------------..---------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years---------------------------------------------

25-34 years------------------------------------------------

35-44 years------------------------------------------------

45-54 years------------------------------------------------

55-64 years------------------------------------------------

65-74 years------------------------------------------------

75 years and over........----------------........----------

Sex of optometrist

Male-.-.--.------.-------------.--.---------.---.-.--------

Female-----------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

No States--------------------------------------------------

1 State-------------..,---------.,-------- --------------------

2 States---------------------------------------------------

3 States or mre-------------------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34 hours----------------........-------------------------

35-39 hours-.....-.........--------------------------------

40 hours----------------------------------------------------

41-44 hours------------------------------------------------

45-48 hours------------------------------------------------

49 hours or more-------------------------------------------

Total

ptometrists

Number of optical

technicians (shopmen)

I I I

None 1

I

2

I

3 or

more

II I I I

Percent distribution

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

91.9

90.6

92.2

91.6

93.8

94.7

89.0

91.3

94.4

91.0

93.0

91.5

93.2

94.0

94.7

86.4

91.7

92.9

91.6

91.7

94.1

92.3

94.1

93.9

87.7

91.4

92.5

92.1

91.3

90.5

93.7

91.9

93.5

94.2

92.2

91.5

90.4

95.1

94.5

91.3

90.0

91.1

90.7

5.4 1.4 1.3

1.3

1.8

1.2

0.8

0.5

1.6

2.1

1.2

::;

1.6

0.5

O.Y

0.5

2.0

;:;

1.9

1.5

1.4

0.6

;::

1.8

1.9

::;

:::

.

1.3

2.0

;::

1.2

1.4

0.9

1.0

1.5

1.5

::;

70
Table 27. Number and percent distributionofoptometrists by number ofoptical technicians (shopmen) they

used to assist in practice, according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist:

United States, 1968

Selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist

LInitedStates--------------------------------------.

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice-------------------------------------------

Partnership---------------------------------------------

Group practice------------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists--------------------------------------------

Ophthalmologists or other physicians--------------------

Profit-making firms-------------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (including government)----------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 Office--------------------------------------------------

2 offices-------------------------------------------------

3 offices or more-----------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Less than 25 visits---------------------------------------

25-49 visits----------------------------------------------

50-74 visits----------------------------------------------

75-99 visits----------------------------------------------

100 visits or more----------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients-------------------------------------

25-49 patients-------------------------------------------

50-74 patients--------------------------------------------

75-99 patients--------------------------------------------

100 patients or more--------------------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

None------------------------------------------------------

1 assistant-----------------------------------------------

2 assistants----------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more--------------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 semices ----------------------------------------------

4-6 services----------------------------------------------

7-9 services----------------------------------------------

10 services or more---------------------------------------

Tvoe of optometric service

Refractims -----------------------------------------------

Visual field examination----------------------------------

Tonometry-------------------------------------------------

Aniseikonic testing---------------------------------------

Biomicroscopy---------------------------------------------

ophthahoscopy --------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------

Developmental vision--------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading------------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------

Frame repairs---------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware------------------------------------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

18,299

13,510

2,178

530

951

171

636

183

140

1;,());

’41O

1,578

3,762

4,989

2,750

5,221

4,086

6,886

3,719

1,726

1,881

3,960

6,655

3,883

3,801

900

4,075

7,344

5,980

18,238

13,780

12,098

1,528

5,907

16,928

14,521

9,128

5,225

7,450

4,735

17,122

15,532

6,610

718

Number

16,82!

12,945

1,832

397

738

144

489

157

122

13,936

2,549

341

1,526

3,622

4,668

2,511

4,498

3,967

6,446

3,337

1,519

1,557

3,960

6,606

3,602

2,656

821

3,705

6,786

5,513

16,774

12,769

11,180

1,420

5,391

15,562

13,371

8,558

4,899

6,895

4,438

15,749

14,299

5,709

653

981

477

222

60

114

E

11

9

807

147

26

39

2%

162

457

3!;

265

119

180

2%

654

2;;

373

343

975

711

633

3;:

918

780

408

234

393

216

925

852

626

43

249

53

71

33

51

2;

:

181

61

6

4

::

1%

10

62

::

72

i

245

15

63

X

248

166

161

%

232

191

%

94

39

238

209

148

16

245

35

%

48

4?

10

4

158

50

37

2?

51

l;i

z

2;

73

24;

27

80

87

50

242

135

124

17

2!2

178

74

%

2;?

172

127

7

71
Table 27. Number and percent distributionofoptometrists by number ofoptical technicians (shopmen) they

used to assist in practice, according to selected professional characteristics

United States, 1968—Con.

of the optometrist:

Selected professional characteristics of the optometrist

United States---------------------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:

Solo practice-------------------------------------------

Partnership---------------------------------------------

Group practice------------------------------------------

Employed by:

Optometrists--------------------------------------------

Ophthalmologistsor other physicians--------------------

Profit-making firms-------------------------------------

Nonprofit organizations (includinggovernment)----------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office--------------------------------------------------

2 offices-------------------------------------------------

3 offices or more-----------------------------------------

Number of Datient visits uer week

Less than 25 visits---------------------------------------

25-49 visits----------------------------------------------

50-74 visits----------------------------------------------

75-99 visits----------------------------------------------

100 visits or more----------------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients-------------------------------------

25-49 patients--------------------------------------------

50-74 patients--------------------------------------------

75-99 patients--------------------------------------------

100 patients or more--------------------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

None------------------------------------------------------

1 assistant-----------------------------------------------

2 assistants----------------------------------------------

3 assistants or more--------------------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 semices ----------------------------------------------

4-6 services----------------------------------------------

7-9 services----------------------------------------------

10 senices or more---------------------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions-----------------------------------------------

Visual field examination----------------------------------

TonOmetry-------------------------------------------------

-iseikonic testing---------------------------------------

Biomlcroscopy---------------------------------------------

Ophthalmoscopy--------------------------------------------

Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------

Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------

Developmental vision--------------------------------------

Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------

Visual readiness for reading------------------------------

Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------

Frame repairs---------------------------------------------

Fabrication of eyeware------------------------------------

Other-----------------------------------------------------

Total

optometrists

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

I

None I

1

I

2

I

3 or

more

Number

95.8

84.2

74.9

77.6

84.1

76.9

85.6

87.4

92.4

90.8

83.1

96.7

96.3

93.6

91.3

86.2

97.1

93.6

89.7

88.0

82.7

100.0

99.3

92.8

69.9

91.3

90.9

92.4

92.2

92.0

92.7

92.4

92.9

91.3

91.9

92.1

93.8

93.8

92.6

93.7

92.0

92.1

86.4

90.9

5.4

3.5

10.2

11.4

12.0

8.9

11.5

6.1

6.3

5.4

5.2

6.4

2.5

;:;

:::

:::

7.1

6.9

9.6

0.;

1;:;

4.2

H

5.7

5.4

5.2

::;

6.3

5.4

i::

4.5

::2

5.4

5.5

9.5

5.9

1.4

0.4

2:;

;::

4.3

3.0

3.1

H

1.6

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.5

2.7

0.2

0.9

H

3.8

0.;

6.5

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

M

1.1

:::

M

2.2

2.3

1.3

0.3

2.4

7.5

H

7.4

::;

M

8.9

0.6

0.6

1.0

;:;

0.5

0.7

;::

3.9

6.;

H

M

M

::?

1.1

1.3

M

0.7

0,9

0.9

1,2

1.1

::;

72
APPENDIX 1

TECHNICAL NOTES

Background of Report

t%e data presented in this report were collected as

part of the lWM-69 Vision and Eye Care Manpower

Survc,y. The survey, conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the

Llmsus under concract to the then Division of Health Resources Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS), was designed to obtain information about the

d~vnographic find professional characteristics of optomcv rists cmg+ysd in providing direct health care to

the public.

Survey Coverage

[’IILS tCItLII llllnlb~r of optometrists for purposes of

this survey was defined as all legally registered persons

liccms~,d to pructice optometry in any of the 50 States

and the District of Columbia, The most complete and

I_LY~di]\] available list of these persons was The Blue

Book “of”Optometvists,l which provided the names and

addresses of licensed optometrists in each State and

the’ District of Columbia, This list of 20,565 names and

.~ddrcsses became the original mailing list for the

survey.

A pretest of the questionnaire used for the optomutristst survey was conducted during the period

May-.[uly 1%/3. Questionnaires were mailed to two

optometrists in each State and the District of Columbia.

After an initiol mailout, one mail followup, and a teleplmnu follcmwp a response rate of 91 percent was

achieved. The quest ionnaire proved CO be an effective

instrument. Only minor alterations were required for

the final questionnaire. (See appendix 111for a copy of

the final questionnaire.)

Data Collection and Processing

The collect ion of data for the 1968 Manpower Survey

was accomplished under contract with the U.S. Bureau

of the Census. This agency was responsible for mailing

the questionnaires, receipt and control procedures,

coding the completed questionnaires in accordance with

specifications ‘established by NCHS,

I ~ylc,~[llc+BL,,,~ ~j” optonietrk~$: 1968.

Press Inc., 1968),

and for followup

Chicago. (thofessiond

whenever incomplete or inadequate questionnaires were

returned or whenever a questionnaire was not returned.

For the actual survey, three mailouts were employed in an attempt to elicit a response, the first two

by first-class mail, the last by certified mail. All three

mailings were made in every case in which a return was

not received.

Telephone contacts and personal interviews were

also used. They were employed in cases of nonresponse

or refusal as well as in cases of questionnaires that had

been only partially completed.

A preliminary edit of the data was undertaken at

the time of the return of the survey questionnaires. This

was done to insure completeness of the responses. The

data from the questionnaires were coded, punched on

cards, transferred to computer tape, and sent to NCHS

for processing. Processing included an elaborate series

of checks and cross-checks to confirm the accuracy of

responses, to correct coding and punching errors that

occurred, and also to insure consistency between related items.

Response to the Survey

A total of 20,565 optometrists were provided by

the original mailing list for the survey; 262 duplicate

names and military personnel were eliminated. Military

personnel were eliminated because some were inaccessible. The data provided in this report are for

civilian optometrists in the 50 States and the District

of Columbia, This amounted to 20,303 optometrists, or

98.7 percent of the original list.

A total of 18,533, or 91.2 percent of the 20,303,

responded to the survey with usable questionnaires. The

remainder was composed of 699 nonrespondents (i.e,

reasons unknown); 533 postmaster returns (i.e, unable

to locate); 308 deceased; and 230 refusals.

Of these 18,533 usable questionnaires (good responses), 16,835, or 90.8 percent, were active optometrists, while 1,698 reported that they were either

retired or not currently engaged in optometrical

activities although not retired (table I). There is evidence to indicate that the responses from active optometrists were better than those from inactive optometrists.

73
Table 1. Number and percent distribution of respondents to the questionnaire by question number

and content, according to activity status: United States, 1968 ~

Question number and content

All respondents ------------------------------------------------

Total ------------------------------------------------------------

1::

16a.

In what year wer% you born?------------------------------------

Sex?--------------------------------------.--------------------

From which school of optometry did you graduate?---------------

When did you graduate?-----------------------------------------

What degrees have you earned?----------------------------------

In which States do you currently hold an active license to

practice optometry?------------------------------------------

Are you currently active in optometry?-------------------------

Which categories best describe your principal form of

emplo~ent? --------------------------------------------------

How mqny weeks per year do you usually practice optometry?-----

How many hours per week do you usually practice optometry?-----

Approximately what percent of the hours per week do you usually

spend in optometric practice?--------------------------------

In your optometric pracrice, approximately how many

patient visits for all purposes do you have during a typical

week?--------------------------------------------------------

16b. Approximately how many patients does this represent?-----------

18. In your optometric practice do you have supplementary personnel

to assist you?-----------------------------------------------

All Inactive

active respondents, ~

respondents retired and

not retired

Number

16,835I 1,698

Percent distribution

100.0

99.6

97:9

99.1

98.7

97.5

98.6

100.0

99.6

99.0

99.0

98.8

92.0

88.4

98.4

100.0

82.5

81.1

78.1

75.6

72.4

74.1

100.0

...

...

...

..*

...

...

...

Item Response

A response to the survey does not necessarily

insure adequate answers to all of the questions on the

questionnaire. In fact, a response to a single question

is considered a response to the survey. This section

will be concerned with the nonresponses to individual

questions on the questionnaire, i.e., item nonresponse.

The previous section discussed nonresponses to the

survey as a whole, i.e., unit nonresponses. This discussion will involve only the 18,533 good unit responses

because interest here concerns the variability ofresponses to different questions. Table I presents the

distribution of responses to selected questions on the

questionnaire. Selection of the questions was basedon

their relevance to this report.

One can hardly avoid noticing the differences in

the pe” entages of responses to the individual questions

betwe~,l the active and inactive respondents. At least

17 T-rcent more active respondents answered every

que. .on(among those asked ofboth active and inactive

optcmetriscs) than did inactive respondents. Basedon

this finding, it is not unrealistic to suspect that a similar

situation prevailed in terms of responses to the question74

naire generally. A larger shareoftheunitnonresponses

were probably attributable to inactive persons than to

those who were active.

Imputation for Unknowns

As a matter of policy, tables in this publication

are presented with item nonresponses imputed. The

allocation of the item nonresponses was done by computer, utilizing two principles: first, random assignment; and second, utilization of related information as

category controls to insure consistencyammtgdifferent

related items within the same record.

Assignment of values to replace item nonresponse

is done on a random basis to prevent bias. The value

used to replace an item nonresponse israndomly seIected from within a range of values prescribed by

related information from the record containing the

item nonresponse. Establishment of arange of values

is necessary to insure that the value used to replace the

item nonresponse will not be inconsistent with other

values within the record in which the value is being

placed.
An txarnple may clarify the procedures. Mr. Blank

is 4S yL’ars of age. His year at graduation is not known.

It must be imputed. Age and year at graduation are

rclitt~,d itums. In this case, Mr. Blank’s age will be

used ds a category control to choose an appropriate

r~wwd from which a year at graduation will be selected.

13Ym~wxs of a random selection process, hlr. Given’s

rL’cord is chosen because his age was 49. The age category in this case could have been 48-50 .- Thus Mr.

13LInk*s LInd Mr. Givents ages were both in the same

C.ltL’gOr}r. Mr. Given’s year at graduation was listed as

]OJZ, The year 1942 is then copied into Mr. Blank’s

r~word as his year at graduation and will be counted in

all labuldtions as if it were the actual year Mr. Blank

had provided on his questionnaire.

State and National Estimates

I“IIL,statistics presented in this report were inflated

1[1:Illuw t’or unit nonresponses, i.e., for entire questionnaires that were not available. This “inflation” factor

was the ratio of total optometrists to the number of

usable (good) responses obtained. Within each State the

number of optometrists was divided by the number of

good responses to obtain the increment needed to adjust

the statistics for the nonresponses. The increment

multiplied by the number of respondents provided the

inflated number of civilian optometrists (20,301). Table

11presents the number of respondents to the optometry

manpower survey, the ratio weights, and the inflated

numbers of active optometrists for each State.

Rounding

Numbers that appear in the present report were

independently rounded and may not add to totals. Percents were also independently rounded and may not always add to 100 percent. Percents and rates were

calculated on the basis of original, unrounded figures

and will not necessarily agree with rates and percents

which might be calculated from rounded data.

75
Table II. Number of optometrists by activity status, before and after inflation: United States

State

United States ----------

Alabama ----------------------

Alaska -----------------------

Arizona ----------------------

Arkansas ---------------------

California -------------------

Colorado ---------------------

Connecticut ------------------

Delaware ---------------------

District of Columbia ---------

Florida ----------------------

Georgia ----------------------

Hawaii -----------------------

Idaho------------------------

Illinois---------------------

Indiana----------------------

Iowa-------------------------

Kansas -----------------------

Kentucky---------------------

Louisiana--------------------

Maine ------------------------

Maryland ---------------------

Massachusetts ----------------

Michigan ---------------------

Minnesota --------------------

Mississippi ------------------

Missouri---------------------

Montana ----------------------

Nebraska ---------------------

Nevada -----------------------

New Hampshire ----------------

New Jersey -------------------

New Mexico -------------------

New York ---------------------

North Carolina ---------------

North Dakota -----------------

Ohio -------------------------

Oklahoma ---------------------

Oregon -----------------------

Pennsylvania -----------------

Rhode Island-----?-----------

South Carolina ---------------

South Dakota -----------------

Tennessee --------------------

Texas ------------------------

Utah -------------------------

Vermont ----------------------

Virginia ---------------------

Washington -------------------

West Virginia ----------------

Wisconsin --------------------

~yoming ----------------------

and each State, 1968

Optometrist

Active

16,835

159

1;:

136

2,077

174

252

%

465

250

61

1,3;;

472

311

216

214

199

109

160

660

656

331

115

400

1%

2:

608

1,4%

298

8%

231

258

1,022

~g

2%

6:;

35

249

330

139

397

36

Inactive

1,698

Inflation

factors

1.10

1.13

1,06

1.10

1.11

1:08

1.08

1.03

1.18

1.21

1.06

1.05

1.05

1.12

1;16

1.08

1.08

1.06

1.07

1.12

1.06

1.09

1.09

1.08

1.07

1005

1.08

1.08

1.06

1.09

1.06

1.11

1.03

1.14

1.08

1.15

1.07

1.07

1.06

1.12

1.11

1.07

1.07

1.06

1.09

1.18

1.08

1.10

1.08

1.06

1.08

1.13

Inflated

active

optometrists

18,427

180

1;;

151

2,242

188

260

35

4;;

263

64

86

1,616

510

336

229

229

223

116

175

719

708

354

121

432

1%

36

6;:

1,5;2

322

;g

273

1,145

132

155

94

296

752

74

2%

356

147

429

41

Inflated

inactive

optometrists

1,873

24;

11

7

4

304

29

24

21

1;

10

4!

6

17

2

3;

20;

21

\

9:

;;

168

11

6

Inflated

total

20,301

192

1%

154

2,49;

267

39

5X

278

;;

1,;;;

360

250

238

;::

194

814

772

;;;

481

1%

38

7;:

1,8;?

342

1,0;:

260

302

1,313

143

162

102

324

820

86

2;;

396

158

453

43

76
APPENDIX II

DEFINITIONS

&e. -Age refers to the respondent’s age in 1970.

In all cases, age is calculated as the difference between

IC)7[Iand the respondent’s year of birth.

Geogva@ic area. —For the purpose of reporting

the data yielded by the 1970 Podiatry Survey, the United

States (the 50 States and the District of Columbia) is

divided into the geographic regions and divisions used

by thu U.S. Bureau of the Census and into the ten

Standard Federal Administrative Regions aa follows:

Geographic re@”onand

division States included

Northeast

New England ----------- Maine, NewHampshire,

Vermont, Massachusetts,

Rhode Island, Connecticut

Llkidle Atlantic -------- New York, New Jersey,

Pennsylvania

North Central

East North Central ----- Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,

Michigan, Wisconsin

West North Central -----Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri,

North Dakota, South Dakota,

Nebraska, Kansas

South

South Atlantic ----------Delaware, Maryland,

District of Columbia,

Virginia, West Virginia,

North Carolina, South

Carolina, Georgia, Florida

East South Central ------ Kentucky, Tennessee,

Alabama, Mississippi

West South Central -----Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, Texas

west

Mountain --.------------Montana, Idaho, Wyoming,

Colorado, New Mexico,

Arizona, Utah, Nevada

Pacific ----------------Washington, Oregon,

Alaska, California, Hawaii

Standavd Fed@’al

Administ?’ation Re@”on States included

with headquarters city

Region I (Boston) ----------Connecticut, Maine,

Massachusetts, New

Hampahire, Rhode Island,

Vermont

Region II (New York) ------New York, New Jersey

Region III (Philadelphia) ---District of Columbia,

Delaware, Maryland,

Pennsylvania, Virginia,

West Virginia

Region IV (Atlanta) --------Alabama, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Mississippi,

North Carolina, South

Carolina, Tennessee

Region V (Chicago) -------- Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota,

Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin

Region VI (Dallas-Fort

Worth) -- ----------------Arkansas, Louisiana, New

Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas

Region VII (Kansas City) --Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,

Nebraska

Region VIII (Denver) ------ Colorado, Montana, North

Dakota, South Dakota, Utah,

Wyoming

Region IX (San Francisco) --Arizona, California, Hawaii,

Nevada

Region X (Seattle) --------- Alaska, Idaho, Oregon,

Washington

000

77
APPENDIX Ill

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

PHS-T407-3

REV. 8-68

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

ACTING AS COLLECTING AGENT FOR THE

U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

CONFIDEN’HAL: All information which permits

the identification of the individual will be held

strictly confidential, will be used scdely by

persons engaged in, and only for the purposes of

the survey and will not be disclosed at released

to ocher persons or for any other purpose.

SURVEY OF OPTOMETRISTS

Form Approve d

Budget Bureau No. 68-s68028

I. Is your name correct, and is the address abave yaur PRIMARY PLACE OF PRACTICE?

t n Yes ZDNO

I

If no, please enter the correct information below

Name:

Frrst ,Jfzddle Lu. I

Primary place of practice:

Number Sfrc.v

City Sfalc Zrp Cod,

2. In what year were you born?

( )’ear)

3. Where were you born?

(State or foreign country)

4. Are yau a citizen af the United States? (Please check appropriate box)

t u Yes, Native Bom

z ❑ Yes, Naturalized

3mNo

5. Sex I ❑ Male

z ❑ Female

6. A. From which schoal af optometry did you graduate?

Name of School

City State or Ceuntry

78

B. When did yau graduate?

(Year graduated)

PAGE 1
7. What degrees have you earned? (Check —all that apply)

I ❑ Dactor of Optometry

z a Doctarate (Sfreci/y major field: )

3 ❑ Master’s (SpecI/y major jield: )

4 ❑ Bachelor’s (Speci/y major field )

5 •l Other (Speci/},: )

8. In which States do you currently hold an ACTIVE LICENSE to practice optometry?

9.

10.

11,

12.

Aro you CURRENTLY ACTIVE in optometry? (/nc/ude patient care, teaching, research, and administration}

JU L

Yes, Full-time 3

20 Yes, Part-time 4

PROCEED tO

GGiao. ‘e=nder af qusstiorumire does not apply. Please

mtwn qaemtimire im k enmlops ~ovided.

Which of the followin~ cutegoriee best describes your PRINC?PAL tom otemptoym~t? (Check ~)

oI U Self- emplayed - Solo practice

If in partnership m group practice, how mony

oa •l Self-employed - Parra ership practice OPTOMETRISTS are them in the partnership

os ❑ Self-emplayed - Group practice or group COUNTING YOURSELF?

ad ❑ Employed by - Military

os 0 Employed by - Government (non-military)

Number

DO U Emplayed by - Optometrist(s)

w ❑ Employed by - Ophthalmologist(s)

os •l Emplayed by - Physician(s) other tbsn aphthalmologist(s)

Oa 0 Employed by - Firm or corporation (profit-making)

Io 0 Employed by - Nonprofit organization or iasritution

11 ❑ Other (Speci/y: )

How many WEEKS per year do you usually practice optometry? (Include patient care, teaching, research, and

administrat7&750 not count vacations as weeks warked.)

(Weeks per year)

How many HOURS per week da you usually practice optometry?

administratictr)

(Hours per week)

(Include patient care, teaching, research, and

PHS-T407-3 (PAGE 2)

REV. 6-66

79:
13. APPROXIMATELY what PERCENT of the hours per week, indicated in Item 12 above, do you usually spend in

each of the following activities?

a. Z Optometric practice

b. % Teaching in a school of optometry

c. % Optometric research

d. % Administration (Optom etrzc A.ssociatzon, etc. )

●

e. % Orber (.Spea”/y: )

100 % TOTAL

If O% of your time is spent in OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, (Item 13 a. above) -P, and return questionnaire i“ the envelope provided: otherwise continue.

14. In your OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, which of the services below are rendered to your patients by you or under your

direction? (Check M that apply)

01 n

02 ❑

03 ❑

04 n

05 n

06 ❑

07 a

08 n

09 ❑

10 n

11 n

12 0

13 ❑

14 ❑

15 n

Refractions

Visual fields

Tonometry

Ani seikonic testing

Biomicroscopy

Ophthalmoscopy

Contact lens fitting

Visual training/orrhoptics

Developmental vision

Prescribing low vision aids

Visual readiness for reading

Dispensing and adjusting

Frame repairs

Fabrication of eyeware

Other (Speci/y: )

15. In your OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, what do you consider to be your PRIMARY, and your SECONDARY, activity?

A. PRLMARY activity (Check —one)

General practice

Contact lens fitting

Visual training/OrrbOpti cs

Developmental vision

Prescribing low vision aids

Industrial vision

Other (Sp.cz/y: )

B. SECONDARY acrivity (Check ~

Germ-al practice

Contact lens fitting

Visual training/orthaptics

Developmental vision

Prescribing low vision aids

Industrial vision

Other (SpecZ/y: )

None

PHS-T407-3 (PAGE 3)

REV. S-68

80
16. A. In your OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, APPROXIMATELY how many patient V- fo~all purpases do you hove

during a typical week?

(Apbmvimatc number 0/ wsits)

B. APPROXIMATELY how many PATIENTS does this represent? (Patients with multiple visits should be counted

anly on cc)

(Appm wmate number of pafisrrts)

17, What is the total number of affice Iacations

(Nurn her 0/ locations)

at which you currently practice optometry?

18. In yaur PRINCIPAL FORM OF EMPLOYMENT, indicated in Item 10 above, do you have supplementary personnel

to assist you?

in

+

Yes 20N0

Please indicate the NUMBER in each category be/ow far ALL affices combined which are related to your

principal form of emps

(Pers ans who spend less than 75% of their time in any one category below shouid be counted in category b,

general aptarnetric assistant) —

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

&

NUh{ BER WHO WORK FULL-TIh4E NUMBER WHO WORK PART-TIMi

(3> ho. m or mow per week) (Less !han 3> hours per week)

FOR YOU F:&Y:;;;: FOR YOU FOR YOU AND

ALONE ALONE Associates

Secrutuies, Receptionists . . . . . . . . . . — . . . ..-. . . .

. . . . . . .

General optometric assistants . . . . . . . . —. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

Optometric techaiciarss . . . . . . . . . . . . — . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

Dispensing opticians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contact lens technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optical technicians (Skopmerr). . . . . . . . — . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

Other ( $prc I/y. ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19. A. If YOU have made entries under FOR YOU AND ASSOC IATES in the full-time ar part-time columns in Item 18 abave

how many associates, COUNTING YOURSELF, share these persannel?

(Nurnbcr o/ associates)

B. Of thsse associates, how many are OPTOMETRISTS, COUNTING YOURSELF?

( Nrnnber of optometrists)

COMMENTS . General comments are invited as well as comments on specific item=

~.--–

PLEASE RETURN QUESTIONNAIRE IN THE STAMPED ENVELOPE PROVIDED. I

PHS-T407-3 [PAGE 4)

REv. (6-68

—-

000

81
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS PUBLICATION SERIES

Originally Public Health Service Publication No. 1000

Series 1. PYogvams and collection pvoceduves. — Reports which describe the general programs of the National

Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions, data collection methods used, definitions,

and other material necessary for understanding the data.

Series 2. Data evaluation and methods Yesearch, —Studies of new statistical methodology including: experimental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analytical

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, contributions to statistical theory.

Series 3, Analytical studies. —Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health

statistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series.

SeYies 4. Documents and committee veports.— Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and

health statistics, and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revised

birth and death certificates.

Stwks 10. Data from the Health Interview Survev. —Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use

of hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, based on data

collected in a continuing national household interview survey.

Suries 11. Data from the Health Examination Sumey. —Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement of national samples of the civilian, noninstitutional population provide the basis for two types

of reports: (1) estimates of the medically defined prevalence of specific diseases in the Urdted

States and the distributions of the population with respect to physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics; and (2) analysis of relationships among the various measurements without

reference to an explicit finite universe of persons.

$kvim L?. Da h fvom the 1%$titutional Population Sumeys — Statistics relating to the health characteristics of

persons in institutions, and their medical, nursing, and personal care received, based on national

samples of establishments providing these services and samples of the residents or patients.

S~Yi~’s 13. Data from the Hospital DiscJzaYge Survey. —Statistics relating to discharged patients in short-stay

hospitals, based on a sample of patient records in a national sample of hospitals.

JWvirs 14. Data on health resources: manpowe~ and facilities. —Statistics on the numbers, geographic cfistri -

Ix.ttion, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other health

occupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities.

Srri4:s 20, Datu on mortality. — Various statistics on mortality other rhan as included in regular annual or

monthly reports —special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables, a!so

geographic and time series analyses.

Scvim 21, Data on natality, mamia~e, and divorce. —Various statistics on na[ality, marriage, and diwm ce

other than as included in regular annual or monthly reports+ pecial analyses by demographic

variables, also geographic and time series analyses, studies of fertility.

SC:YZ,IS22, Dati from the A’atiortal Natality and Mortality Surveys, — Statistics on characteristics of births

and deaths not available from the vital records, based on sample surveys stemming horn these

records, including such topics as mortality by socioeconomic class, hcqit~l experience in the

last year of life, medical care during pregnancy, health insurance coverage, etc.

Fur :1 list of titles of reports published in these series, write m: Office of Information

Nat ~onal C~nt~r i.jr }iedltn Mat Et IC5

Public 1Iealth Service, HSP.lHA

Rockville, PId. 213852