Series 22 

Data trom the 

Number 14 NATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS SYSTEM 

Infant Mortality Rates:


Socioeconomic Fators 

UnitedStates 

Statistics on infant mortality rates according to racer sex, family income, education of mother, and education of father. Based 

on data collected by a questionnaire mailed to mothers of legitimate births and to medical care facilities and mothers of legitimate infant deaths. Samples selected from records of births 

and infant deaths in 1964, 1965, and 1966 which were filed with 

the National Center for Health Statistics. 

DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 72-1045 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE 

Public Health Service 

Health Services and Mental Health Administration 

National Center for Health Statistics 

Rockville, Md. March 1972 
Vital and Health Statistics-Series 22-No. 14 

For sale by tho Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing 05ce, Washington, D. C. 20402-Price 65 cents 
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS 

THEODORE D. WOOLSEY, Director 

PHILIP S. LAWRENCE, SC.D,, Associate Director


OSWALD K. SAGEN, Ph.D., Assistant Director for Health Statistics Development


WALT R. SIMMONS, M.A., Assistant Director for Research arzdScientific Development


JAMES E. KELLY, D.D.S., Dental Advisor 

EDWARD E. MINTY, Executive Officer 

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer 

DIVISION OF VITAL STATISTICS 

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, M.S., Director


JOHN E. PATTERSON, Assistant Director for Demographic Affairs


ARNE B, NELSON, M.A., Chief Vital Records Survey Branch


Vital and Health Statistics-Series 22-No. 14 

DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 72-1045 

Libraty of Congress Catalog Card Number 74-169290 
CONTENTS 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..O . . . . .


Sources and Limitations of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


ComparisonofSocioeconomicIndicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


AgeofMother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


RegionandUrbanization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


AgeatDeath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


CauseofDeath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


BirthWeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


ListofDetailedTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Appendix I. SourcesandLimitationsofData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


BackgroundofThisReport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


SourcesofData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


SampleDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


The Death Certificate, the Birth Certificate, the Questionnaires, and


theHospitalForm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


CollectionofData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


NonresponseandImputationforMissingData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Weighting Procedures for National Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


ReliabilityofEstimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


RoundingofNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Appendix II. Definitions ofTermsUsedinThis Report . . . . . . . . . . .


AppendixIII .SourceForms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


StandardCertificateofLiveBirth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


StandardCertificateofDeath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


NationalNatality Survey Questionntie, 1964-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


National Infant Mortality Survey Questionnaire, 1964-66 . . . . . . . . . .


National Infant Mortality Survey Hospital Form, 1964-65 . . . . . . . . .


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SYMBOLS 

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more than O but less than 0.05 0.0 

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reliability or precision * 
INFANT MORTALITY RATES:


SOCIOECONOMIC FACTOR


Brian MacMahon, M.D., Department of Epidemiology,


Harvard School of Public Health,


Mary Grace Kovar, Division of Vital Stat&ics


National Center for Health Statistics, and


Jacob J. Feldman, Ph.D., Department of Biostatistics,


Harvard School of Public Health


INTRODUCTION 

In this report information is presented for 

the United States on the relationship between 

risk of death in infancy and socioeconomic 

status of the parents. 

The data presented in this report derive from 

the National Natal.ity and National Infant Mortality Surveys of 1964-66. These surveys were 

designed to obtain, for samples representative of 

all U.S. births and infant deaths, kinds of 

information not available from routine sources 

such as certificates of birth or death. The use of 

very simila.f instruments for collecting and recording data ‘in the two surveys enabled national 

estimates to be made of the numbers both of 

births and of infant deaths distributed with 

respect to the same kinds of variabIes. From 

these, estimates of infant mortality rates could 

be computed. National data have not previously 

been available on the variation in rates of infant 

mortality associated with many of the variabIes 

on which data were collected in these surveys— 

including the socioeconomic indicators considered in this report. 

Three indexes of socioeconomic status were 

examined-education of father, education of 

mother, and family income in the year prior to 

the birth or the infant death. All three indexes 

showed a strong association with risk of infant 

death, this risk being between 50 and 100 

percent higher in the lowest socioeconomic cIass 

than in the middle and upper classes. The high 

infant mortality rates in the lowest socioeconomic groups were relatively most marked 

for deaths occurring after the first week of life; 

for deaths due to respiratory disease, digestive 

disease, or accident; and among infants in the 

normal birth weight range (3,00 1-4,000 grams). 

The infant deaths in the lowest socioeconomic group that are in excess of the number 

expected on the basis of rates in the highest 

socioeconomic group may “be considered, in a 

broad sense, preventable. On this assumption it 

can be estimated that almost 50 percent of 

infant deaths in the lowest socioeconomic group 

are preventable. Among the total population of 

births, approximately one-quarter of all infant 

deaths are preventable in this sense. Among 

white infants o f normal birth weight 

(3,001-4,000. grams), this proportion is ahnost 

50 percent. 

SOURCES AND LIMITATIONS OF DATA 

Sources and limitations of data used in this 

report are described in appendix I and will be 

reviewed here onIy briefly. 

The National Natality Survey of 1964-66 

(NNS) was based on a probability sample of the 

file of microfilm copies of birth certificates 

received by the National Center for HeaIth 

Statistics from 54 registration areas which comprise the United States. The NNS sample of 

11,331 births was a O.1-percent sample of the 

births registered in each area during the 3-year 

1 
period. The National Infant Mortality Survey 

(NIMS) was based on a probability sample of 1 

out of every 11 deaths under 1 year of age 

included in the Current Mortality Sample (CMS) 

in the same years. The CMS was itself a 

systematic 10-percent sample of death certificates received each month by the 54 registration 

areas and forwarded to the National Center for 

Health Statistics on a monthly basis. The NIMS 

sample contained 2,490 infant deaths and was a 

sample of 1 out of every 110 infant deaths in 

the United States in 1964-66. As will be noted, 

members of either sample who were illegitimate 

have been excluded from analyses presented in 

this report. 

Information on the members of these two 

samples was obtained from several sources, 

including birth certificates (NNS), death certificates (NIMS), and hospital records (NIMS). 

However, the primary source of the information 

on the socioeconomic variables used in this 

report was a mail questionnaire. The questionnaire was usually completed by the mother, but 

in rare instances it was completed by some other 

family member. The form in which the information was solicited is shown in appendix HI. 

Usable questionnaires were received for 89 

percent of the legitimate births and 88 percent 

of the deaths of legitimate infants. Appendix 

tables IV and V show that response rates were 

somewhat lower in young mothers, in racial 

groups other than white, in the West Region, 

and in nonmetropolitan counties. 

For births in the NNS sample, legitimacy 

status was known or could be inferred either 

from answers to a direct question which appears 

on the birth certificate for 36 registration areas 

or, in other areas, on the basis of rules listed in 

appendix II. Questionnaires were not sent to the 

mothers of the 936 infants known or inferred to 

be illegitimate. Since legitimacy status is not 

recorded on death certificates, questionnaires 

were sent to the mothers of illegitimate infants 

in the NIMS sample. However, using rules simiki.r 

to those applied to the NNS births (appendix II), it was possible to infer illegitimacy from 

the questionnaire and/or information on the 

death certificate for 330 members of the NIMS 

sample. These were excluded from the analyses. 

The data in this report were therefore based on 

10,395 legitimate births and 2,160 deaths of 

legitimate infants. 

- To improve the estimates of the distribution 

of all U.S. births and infant deaths made from 

the data available from these samples, two procedures were followed. The first of these was 

imputation of information that was not available 

for individual sample members, using information from similar sample members for whom the 

relevant data were available. The method is 

described in detail in appendix I. The second 

procedure was the assignment of weights to 

individual sample members based on the representation of the sample within categories created 

on the basis of certain variables for which 

information is available from the certificates on 

all U.S. births or infant deaths. Again, detailed 

methods are described in appendix I. 

The basic analytic procedure was to use these 

samples to derive national estimates of the 

distribution of births and deaths with respect to 

a particular vwiable or v~iables and to use these 

estimates as denominators and numerators, respectively, of estimates of infant mortality rates. 

Estimates of numbers of births are shown in the 

tables as annual averages over the 3-year period 

and are rounded to the neazest,thousand. However, the infant mortality rates shown Were 

computed on “the unrounded estimates. 

These estimates–whether of numbers or 

births or of infant mortality rates-were of 

course subject to sampling error, Approximate 

sampling errors are given in tables VIII through 

XI of appendix I. In the tables, estimates of the 

number of births are not shown for cells with 

less than 5,000 annual births, and estimates of 

infant mortality rates are not given for cells in 

which the average.annual number of births was 

less than 25,000. The restrictions imposed by 

sampling variation are particularly limiting in 

respect to the conclusions that can be drawn 

fro”m the estimates for the racial groups other 

than white. For black infants, comprising approximately 12. percent of the population of 

births, infant mortality rates reflecting variation 

in a single variable are generally reasonably 

reliable, but few meaningful cross-tabulations 

can be made. For infants other than black or 

white, comprising altogether only 1.5 percent of 

the births, even marginal rates are unreliable, 

and no separate estimates are given. 

2 
Data on birth weight were not colIected for 

the NI.MS sample in 1966. Tabulations involving 

this variable are therefore based on births and 

deaths in the 1964 and 1965 samples. Standard 

errors of estimates based on 2 years of data are 

also given in the tables of appendix I. 

FINDINGS 

Comparison of Socioeconomic Indicators 

As already noted, information was obtained 

on three separate but highly correlated indicators of socioeconomic status—family income, 

education of father, and education of mother. 

Estimates of the distribution of legitimate births 

and of the relationship of infant mortality rates 

to these three variables according to race and sex 

of infant are given in table 1. 

Before turning to the data on infant mortality, the marked difference between white and 

black infants in the distributions by all three 

variables should be noted. With respect to family 

income, for example, exactly one-half of the 

black but only one-sixth of the white births 

were in the lowest income category (figure 1). 

Under $3,000- $5,000- $7,000- $10,000 $3,000 $4,999 $6,999 $9,999 and over 

FAMILY INCOME 

Figure 1. Percent of legitimate live births, by family income 

and race. 

The difference was not so marked for parental 

education, but substantial differences in the 

same dkection as those for income distribution 

were present. Since infant mortality rates were 

substantially higher for black than for white 

infants at all levels of each of the three variables, 

any examination of the role of socioeconomic 

status per se must evaluate the data for white 

and black infants separately. 

Similar trends in infant mortality were seen 

for white infants in relation to all three variables 

and for both sexes. As illustrated in figure 2 

from the data on education of father, the rates 

decreased regukirly and substantially from the 

Iowest to the central class. There was, however, 

no further decline in rates as socioeconomic 

status increased above that of the central class. 

That is to say, rates were quite similar in the 

three highest socioeconomic classes, and this was 

true whichever of the three variables was used to 

define the classes (table 1). 

33.8 

White White 

Male Female 

Izl 

15.8 

Figure 2. Estimated number of infant deaths par 1,000 white 

legitimate live births, by sex of child and education of father. 

3 
The trends for black infants were less regular, 

at least in part, because of the smaller numbers. 

In addition there were too few births in the two 

highest socioeconomic groups to examine mortality rates in them. Nevertheless, mortality rates 

for both sexes were lower in the central class– 

defined in terms of any of the three variables– 

than in either of the two lowest socioeconomic 

classes. 

In table 1, the range of infant mortality rates 

between the lowest and highest socioeconomic 

classes is quite similar, whichever of the three 

variables is used to define the classes. The 

cross-tabulations in tables 2-4 can be used to 

compare the three variables as predictors of 

mortality. In view of the similarity of the trends 

for males and females seen in table 1, these and 

other analyses to be presented have been carried 

out for both sexes combined. 

For white infants, the interrelationships 

between infant mortality risk and the three 

socioeconomic variables were complex. It 

appears that all three variables had effects that 

were, to some extent, independent. These independent effects were seen particularly in the 

lowest socioeconomic groups. For example, 

within each of the three lowest income groups, 

mortality rates declined substantially with increasing educational level of father (table 2) or 

mother (table 3). The same tables show that 

within the lowest categories of parental education there was a decline in mortality with 

increasing family income. 

In table 4, which cross-tabulates infant mortality rates by education of mother and education of father, mortality rates are highest for 

infants born to parents who both had an 8th 

grade education or less. The mortality rate for 

white infants in this category (37.5 per 1,000) 

was almost double the rate for all white infants 

(20.8 per 1,000). Increasing educational level of 

either parent was associated with a decrease in 

infant mortality. Thus for white infants of 

mothers with an 8th grade education or less, the 

mortality rate fell from 37.5 when the father 

was of the same educational level to 18.1 when 

the father had a 12th grade education. For white 

infants of fathers with an 8th grade education or 

less, mortality fell from 37.5 when the mother 

was of the same educational level to 18.4 when 

the mother had a 12th grade education. 

It appears, therefore, that within the lower 

categories of socioeconomic status, family 

income, education of mother, and education of 

father have independent and approximately 

equal predictive values in relation to infant 

mortality. The relationship may be characterized 

by the generalization that infant mortality rates 

were highest in families which measured low on 

all three socioeconomic variables; increase in 

socioeconomic status as measured by any one of 

the variables was associated with decrease in 

infant mortality rates, and the rates manifested 

in the highest categories of any single variable 

were not further reduced by taking cognizance 

of variation in the other two variables. 

In the cross-tabulations of tables 2 and 3, the 

range of variation in infant mortality rates for 

white infants was slightly greater in association 

with parental education of either parent than 

with family income, It should be noted, however, that family income as measured in this 

study had certain intrinsic disadvantages as a 

measure of socioeconomic status. For example, 

the fact that the information related to the 

calendar year prior to the event—when the 

family income may have been changed by the 

circumstances of pregnancy itself—means that 

the income as reported may not represent the 

usual economic status of the family. It is quite 

conceivable, also, that there may be differences 

in accuracy of reporting of income and of 

parental education. The fact that item nonresponse was higher for family income than for 

any other variable is worth recalling (appendix I). It is possible, therefore, that the association of infant mortality with family income 

would be stronger if more accurate indexes of 

income were available. 

Numbers of black infants in the surveys were 

too small to allow comparable analyses of the 

interrelationships between associations of mortality and the three measures of socioeconomic 

status. 

Age of Mother 

Tables 5-7 show numbers of births and 

infant-mortality rates according to the three 

socioeconomic variables and age of mother. The 

overall relationship of infant mortality to age of 

mother was similar to that which has been 

4 
observed many times in the past—i.e., high 

mortality rates among infants of the youngest 

mothers and also among those of the older 

mothers. There was a strong correlation between 

socioeconomic status and age of mother: births 

to parents with more education and/or higher 

family income tended to occur to substantially 

older mothers. However, this correlation does 

not account for any significant part of the 

relationship between infant mortality and socioeconomic status. In each category of maternal 

age—at least in the data for white infants and in 

those for “all races’’–mortality rates generalIy 

declined from the lowest to the central socioeconomic class. The extent of this decline was of 

the same magnitude as that seen in the totals for 

all maternal ages. 

Region and Urbanization 

Tables 8-10 show mortality rates by the 

three socioeconomic variables for each of the 

four geographic regions of the United States and 

for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties 

within each region. Overall differences in infant 

mortality between regions were relatively smalI, 

particularly when differences resulting from 

differing proportions of births in racial minority 

groups were taken into account. Thus for whi’te 

infants, the range was from 19.1 per 1,000 in 

the Northeast to 21.7 in the South and North 

Central Regions. Differences between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties were also 

quite small, except in the West Region. These 

relationships can, of course, be explored more 

accurately by means of routinely published 

statistics on all births. 

With respect to the relationship between 

infant mortality and socioeconomic status within geographic regions, we should pay particular 

attention to the data for white infants since the 

proportion of births to other races differed 

markedly among regions. The associations of 

infant mortality with education of father in the 

four regions are compared in figure 3, using the 

rates for white infants and combining the three 

highest socioeconomic classes among which 

there was little variation in infant mortality 

rates. The differential in mortality rates with 

increasing education of father was most marked 

.Northeast North Central 

I f 1 1 

30 r 

west 

) 1 

25.2 

19.9 

17.2 

. h 

8 years 9-11 12 years S years 911 12 yeara 

or less” yeara or more or less years or more 

EDUCATION OF FATHER 

Figure 3. Estimated number of infant deaths per 1,000 white 

- legitimate live births, by education of father and “geographic 

region. 

in the South and least marked in the Northeast 

and West. The same relatively low gradient of 

the trends with socioeconomic status in the 

Northeast and West was seen when education of 

mother (table 9) and family income (table 10) 

were used as indexes, but in these two tables the 

gradient in the North Central Region was quite 

as steep as that in the South. 

The only region with sufficient black infants 

for separate analysis was in the South. The 

association of infant mortality with socioeconomic status appeared to be somewhat stronger 

in the South than in the data for all black 

infants, but the numbers of such infants in 

regions other than the South were too small for 

reliable, direct comparisons. 

5 
,.,.,. nonmetropolitan 

For white infants, the relationship between 

socioeconomic status and infant mortality AGEOF INFANT 

appeared to be similar in metropolitan and m Under1 W 12.5 counties. The particularly ~

16 days’ ....,, 

,.,.,, 

,.,,,. 

South and North Central Regions was observed [ ~ 7 daysand over ,,,.,. 

both in the metropolitan and in the nonmetropolitan areas and was not consistently more 

pronounced in one than in the other. For black 

infants in the lowest socioeconomic groups, the 

rates tended to be higher—although not markedly so–in the nonmetropolitan than in the 

metropolitan counties. 

Age at Death 

strong socioeconomic differential seen in the 12 ,.,,,, ,.,,,, n
,..

Infant mortality rates by age at death and 

socioeconomic status are given in tables 11-13. 

A decline in mortality with increasing socioeconomic status was seen in all age-at-death categories, but was considerably more pronounced 

for deaths after the first week of life than for


those in the more immediate postnatal period.


The data on education of father for white


infants are illustrated in figure 4, the three


highest educational classes again being com­


bined. After the first week of life, the infant


mortality rates showed a threefold differential


between the highest and the lowest education


classes, whereas during the first week rates in the


lowest class were only about 50 percent higher Figure 4. Estimated number of infant deaths per 1,000 white


than those in the highest educational class. legitimate live births, by education of father and age of


infant at death. 

Examination of the detailed rates in table 11


shows about the same relative decline with


increasing education of father for deaths occur- tables 14-16, and the data on the eight major


ring between 7 and 27 days as for those causes of death for white infants by education


occurring between 6 and 11 months. They also of father are illustrated in figure 5. Again, the


reveal little evidence of further decline in rates number of deaths of black infants was too small


between the central and the higher educational for effective examination by cause of death and


classes—even among deaths after the first week socioeconomic status simultaneously.


of life. The same trends by education of mother In the data for white infants, three groups of


and family income are seen in tables 12 and 13, causes of death showed particularly strong de-


respectively. clines in rates with increasing level of education


The data for black infants were compatible of father—accidents, respiratory diseases, and 

with the same differential relationships by age at digestive diseases. Less marked, but nevertheless 

death, but were too few to draw definite clear, relationships to paternal education were 

conclusions. also seen for deaths due to congenital malformation and to birth injury. The three cause 

Cause of Death categories showing the strongest relationship 

were all comprised of conditions which have 

The relationships of 10 selected causes of their greatest impact after the first week of life, 

death to socioeconomic status are given in and the strong relationships between these 

6 
Certain diseases of Immaturibf, Postnatal 

early infancy unqualified asphyxia, etc 

~ ~ l—f 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 ,.. 

~tih”. Congenital 

malformations injury Accidents 

~~~ 

5.5 

5 - 4.7 co 

r 

k 

m.4 -

? 

i 

g 

03 - +-

a 

E 

92 — 

~ 

E 

1 -

0 .’ 

Respiratory Digestive 

diseasia diseases Residual 

~~~ 

5 -

4.3 

4 -

3.2 

3 -

1.9 2 -

1 -

0 ~.-g :: A.-pfg $#-. *C gg m“vm ma
 gs! 

‘% %E ~—z: gg ~— 6% %E
 . a z“ ruumo OIIIm: ~: 

EDUCATION OF FATHER 

Figure 5. Estimated number of infant deaths per 1,000 white 

legitimate live births, by education of father, from selected 

underlying causes of death. 

causes and socioeconomic status were consistent 

with the fact that the relationship of infant 

mortality to socioeconomic status was stronger 

for deaths after the first week of life, as noted in 

the section “Age at Death.” Similar trends are 

seen using education of mother (table 15) and 

farrdy income (table 16) as the indicators of 

socioeconomic status. 

Birth Weight 

Birth weight is one of the most important 

predictors of risk of death in infancy. 

Tables 17-19 show the distribution of births by 

birth weight and socioeconomic characteristics. 

Again, birth weight and race were strongly 

correlated. To examine the relationship with 

socioeconomic status per se, we must confine 

attention to the white births although quite 

similar trends were seen in the data for all races 

combined. 

Among white infants, the percentage of 

births of low birth weight declined regularly 

with increasing socioeconomic status, whatever 

measure of the latter was used. For example, the 

percentage of births of 2,500 grams or Iess 

declined from 8.9 percent of births to fathers 

with an 8th grade educati& or less to 5.0 

percent of births to fathers who had completed 

coIIege. There was also a tendency toward a 

higher percentage of births over 3,501 grams in 

the upper socioeconomic classes–seen particularity in the tables on education of mother 

(table 18) and family income (table 19). 

Mortality rates specific for birth weight and 

socioeconomic status are given in tabIes 20-22, 

and the data on education of father are illustrated in figure 6. For births that would satisfy 

the usual arbitrary definition of prematurity 

(2,500 grams or Iess), there was no consistent 

relationship between mortality and socioeconomic status. The absence of such a trend in 

these tables should not, of course, be interpreted 

as evidence that there is no association between 

low socioeconomic status and infant death due 

to prematurity, since it has a.heady been shown 

that the proportion of infants of low birth 

weight was highest in the low socioeconomic 

groups. The low birth weight of prematurely 

born infants is an intrinsic component of the 

syndrome that leads to their death. 

However, the most striking relationship 

between infant mortality and socioeconomic 

class was evidenced by births falling within the 

boundaries of what could be considered the 

7 
college graduates than for those whose father’s 

Lessthan2,501 ~rams 2,501-3.000 warns education terminated at the 12th grade. 

250
r iii 725 

COMMENT 

20 

The purpose of this study was not so much 

to uncover new relationships between risk of 

15	 death and demographic characteristics as it was 

to identify and quantify such relationships for 

the United States–to determine to what extent 10 

the relationships that have been observed in 

other countries and in studies of limited popula5 tions in this country have relevance to this 

country as a whole. 

0 1In general, the relationships observed were

T 

: similar to those that might have been expected

n 15 r 715 association between socioeconomic status and 

infant mortality, and this association was 

strongest for dpaths occurring after the first 

week of life and was particularly mareked for the 

largely infectious, respiratory and digestive dis: 

eases, and for accidents. There were, however, 

some findings which deserve comment. 

Of some rnethodologic interest is the strong 

predictive value, with respe@ to infant mortal3,001-4,000 grams 4,001 grams or more 

~~ on the basis of other work. There was a negative

coo Samo ~~ ity, exhibited by educatiop of either parent, 

EDUCATIONOFFATHER	 even within subcategories of family income. 

Some of the problems that may have @tcended 

the valid ascertainment of family income m this 

Figure 6. Estimated number of infant deaths per 1,000 white study have already been mentioned. However, it 

legitimate live births, by education of father and birth 

weight of infant. seems unlikely that these problems are Iimit;d 

to the methodology of this survey, and the data 

in this report confirm the advisabilityy of seeking 

most normal weight range–3,00 1 through 4,000 information on the education of both parents, as 

grams. For births in these weight groups, the proposed in the 1968 Standard Certificate of 

range of mortality associated with variation in Live Birth.! 

education of either parent was almost fourfold; The absence of a significant difference in 

in association with family income (table 22) the overall mortality between infants in the three 

range was somewhat less. It is of further interest upper socioeconomic groups is of interest. This 

that for births within these weight groups a flattening of the trend has not been observed in 

decline in mortality from the central to the British data, in which infant mortality continues 

highest so cio economic class was seen— to fall with socioeconomic status, from the 

particularly in the data by education of father. highest to the lowest class.2 A continuing 

This decline between the central and highest decline of this type is seen in one group of births 

socioeconomic classes was not seen in the total in the U.S. data—these are the births of normal 

population or in any other group of births (3,001-4,000 grams) birth weight (figure 6). 

examined. For infants weighing 3,001-4,000 However, deaths of infants in this birth weight 

grams at birth, the infant mortality rate was 40 group accounted for only 20 percent of all 

percent lower for those whose fathers were infant deaths—too small a proportion for the 

8 

i 
continuing decline to be reflected in the data for 

all deaths. 

Does this flattening of the trend imply that, 

to the extent that infant mortality is preventable 

in this country, the medical and other resources 

available to persons with a high school education 

and/or reported family income levels of $6,000 

have attained the minimal rates achievable with 

existing knowledge? Consideration of the causes 

of death that make up the rate of about 19 per 

1,000 in this group (table 14, 15, or 16) suggests 

that this point may indeed be close. However, 

two limitations of the present data must be kept 

in mind. First is the restriction to legitimate 

births; the effect of this restriction is proMematic. Second is the restriction to deaths among 

liveborn infants. It is conceivable, for e%ample, 

that superior medical care or some other concomitance of high socioeconomic status leads to 

a higher proportion of nonviable infzints surviving the birth process than would be the case in 

less favorable circumstances. Such a situation 

would reduce the apparent slope of the relationship between mortality and socioeconomic 

status if only livebom infants were ccmsidered. 

Data on late fetal deaths, comparable to those 

on postnatal deaths reported in this study, 

would assist in the interpretation of the present 

findings. 

On the assumption that the number of 

deaths of infants in the Iowest socioeconomic 

groups in excess of those expected on the basis 

of mortality rates in the l-rkhest socioeconomic 

group are, ‘in a broad sense, preventable, estimates can be made of the m-o~ortion of in&nt 

deaths that would be pre~en~ed if alI kfants 

experienced the risks of the most favored 

socioeconomic groups. 

For example, using education of father as the 

measure of socioeconomic status and considering as the minimum attainable the mortality rate 

of 17.4 per 1,000 observed among the infants of 

fathers in the highest educational class (table 2), 

it can be estimated that 47 percent of the deaths 

in the lowest socioeconomic group (with a rate 

of 33.0 per 1,000) were in excess of this 

minimum and were therefore, in a broad sense, 

preventable. While this is a large proportion of 

the deaths in this group, the group constituted 

only 16 percent of all births. Taking the 

population of births as a whole, about 24 

percent of all infant deaths were in excess of 

those expected on the basis of rates in the most 

favored socioeconomic class. 

Similar estimates can be made for deaths 

separated according to age at death or according 

to birth weight. Because of the problem of 

confounding racial and other variables referred 

to earlier, these estimates will be made only for 

white infants. From the rates given in table 11, 

it is estimated that only 10 percent of the deaths 

under 7 days of age but 36 percent of deaths 

between 7 days and 1 year in white infants were 

in excess of the rates in the most favored 

educational group. From the data for white 

infants in table 20, it is estimated that only 6 

percent of the deaths of infants weighing 3,000 

grams or less but 47 percent of those weighing 

3,001-4,000 grams were in excess of the number 

expected on the basis of rates in the highest 

educational group. 

REFERENCES


I ~ationd ~tti fbr Hedfi statistics: The 1968 re~on of 

the standard certificates. Vital and Health Statktics. PHS Pub. 

1000-8eries 4-No. 8. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. 

Government Printing Office, June 1968. 

2Heady, J. A., and Heasman, M. A.: Social and Biological 

Factors in Infant Mortality. Genersd Register Office. Studies in 

Medierd and Population Subjects, No. 15. London. Her i%kjesty’s 

Stationery Office. 1959. 

3Natio~ Centm for He~th Statistics: Titaz Strztzktt”csof the 

United States, 1964, 1965, 1966, Vol. IL Public Health Service. 

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1966, 1967, 

1968. 

4~atio~ cm~m for He~th statistics: ~kd ~~atistic~ ‘f ‘he 

United States, 1964, 1965, 1966, Vol. I. Public Health Service. 

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1966, 1967, 

1968. 5Natiod Center for &~th statistics: Replication-an 

approachto theanalysisof data from complex surveys. Vital and 

Health Stattitics. PHS pub. 1000:Senes 2-No. 14. Public Health 

Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing OffIce, Apr. 

1966. 

9 
Table 1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

LIST OF DETAILED TABLES 

Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by race, sex,


family income, and parental education: United States, 1964-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .


Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths ber 1,000 live births, by education of


father, race, and family income: United Stetes,1964-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of


mother, race, and family income: United States, 1964456 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of


father, and race and education of mother: United States, 1964-66 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of


father, raceand age of mother: United States, l”964-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education,


race, andageof mother: United States, 1964-86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by family


income, raceand age of mother: United States, 1964-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimatad average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of


father, race of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66 . .


Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of


mother, race of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-86 . .


Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by family


income, race of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66 . .


Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by education of father and infant’s race and age at


death: United States, 1964-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimatad infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by education of mother and infant’s race and aga at


death: United States, 1964%6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by family income and infant’s race and age at


death: United States, 1964-86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by education of father, race, and cause of infant’s


death: United States, 1964-66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by education of mother, race, and cause of infant’s


death: United States, 196466 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by family income, race, and cause of infant’s death: United


States, 196466 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Page 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

23 

27 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

10 
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES–Con. 

Page 

Tablr 17.	 Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and percent distribution by race and birth weight,


according to education of father: United States, 1964-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


18.	 Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and percent distribution by race and birth weight,


according coeducation of mother: United States, 1964S5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


19.	 Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and percent distribution by race and birth weight,


according to family income: United States, 1964-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


20.	 Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by education of father and race and birth weight of


infant: United States, 1964455 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


21.	 Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by education of mother and race and birth weight of


infant: United States, 1964-65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


22,	 Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by family income and race and birth weight of


infant: United States, 1964-55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

11

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Table 1. Estimated average annual number of legitimate Iiva births and infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by race, sex, family income, 

and parental education: United States, 1964-56 

All races White Black 

Family income and 

parental education 

Male I Female Male Female Male Female 

Number of live births in thousands 

All incomes and levels 

of education . . . . . . . . . . . 1,794 1,688 1,557 1,459 212 200 

Family income 

Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 339 239 228 106 100 

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 373 348 322 52 45 

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 444 410 401 32 37 

$7,000-$8,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 333 362 317 17 11 

$10,000 And over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 199 197 191 6 7 

Father’s education 

8years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 283 216 217 64 60 

9-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 358 315 290 57 62 

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 598 592 535 65 56 

13-15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 206 197 187 18 15 

16years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 242 237 231 9 8 

Mother’s education 

8years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 211 163 157 44 49 

9-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 417 366 340 79 70 

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794 731 715 660 70 64 

13-15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 206 201 189 14 11 

16years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 122 112 112 5 7 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 20.3 23.1 18.2 43.5 35.1 

Family income 

Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 27.9 32.0 22.4 44.3 40.7 

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 21.9 24.7 19.2 53.7 38.9 

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 15.9 19.5 16.1 29.8 15.1 

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 18.2 20.8 17.4 

$lO,OOOand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 17.6 21.4 17.4 

Father’s education 

8years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 29.7 33.8 26.8 44.7 38.9 

9-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 25.1 24.8 22.8 55.3 35.3 

12yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 16.2 20.1 14.8 34.9 28.9 

13-15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 17.8 22.1 15.8 

16years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.2 14.5 19.7 14.2 

Mother’s education 

8yearsor less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.6 32.9 34.8 29.2 48.0 44.0 

9-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 24.2 27.2 21.8 47.2 35.6 

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 16.1 20.8 14.9 41.1 27.2 

13-15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 16.9 14.6 15.3 

16yearsormore . . . . . . . ...’.... 24.0 16.0 23.2 16.0 

12 
� 

� 

� 

� 

� 

� � 

� � � 

� � � � 

� � � 

Table2. Estimated average annual number of legitimate Iiva births and of infant deaths per 1,0001 ivebirths, byeducation of father, 

race, and family income: United States, 1964-66 

Education of father 

Race of infant 

and family incoma All 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or less years years years or more 

Al I races Number of live births in thousands 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482 570 734 1,263 422 I 493 — — 1 

Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 250 203 167 44 I 26 

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 152 211 305 73 39 

$6,000-$6.999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 104 181 389 126 90 

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 46 106 287 117 150 

$lO,OOOand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 18 33 105 62 187 

White 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 433 604 1,127 384 468 

Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 156 132 125 33 22 

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 128 183 261 63 36 

$5.000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 92 158 358 117 85 

$7.000-$9,988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 40 100 284 111 145 

$lO,OOOand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 16 32 100 59 180 

Slack 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 124 119 121 32 16 

* Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 87 66 39 10 

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 21 25 41 9 

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 10 22 26 6 

* � $7,000-$8,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6 10 5 

$lO,OOOand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 12 � � � � � 

All races Deaths per 1,000 live births 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 33.0 27.4 I 19.0 20.6 I 17.4 

Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 36.2 34.3 28.3 26.8 9.9 

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 33.5 27.6 21.1 20.5 19.7 

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 26.4 22.4 15.4 16.2 14.5 

$7,000-$8,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 29.3 22.4 17.8 22.7 17.1 

$lO,OOOand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 + 26.9 15.3 21.4 19.5 

White 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 30.3 23.9 17.6 19.0 17.0 

Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 34.0 25.6 25.1 23.3 

$3,000-$4,889 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 30.3 24.2 18.4 18.1 15.3 

$5,000-$6,889 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 25.9 23.3 15.6 14.6 13.0 

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 24.8 22.1 16.8 22.9 17.4 

$lO,OOOand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 23.1 15.3 19.2 19.8 

Black 

‘ All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.5 42.4 44.8 32.2 37.6 

Undar$3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 40.5 52.1 35.0 

$3,000-$4,889 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 51.6 40.3 

$5,000-$6,988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 15.0 

$7,000-$9s9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.6 � * � � 

$l0,000andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 � I* 

13 
Table 3. Estimated average annual number of Iagitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of mother, 

race, and family income: United States, 1964-66 

Education of mother 

Race of infant 

and family income Al I 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or less years years years or more 

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 68 208 464 110 40 

$7,000-$9,999 

All races Number of Iiva births in thousands 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482 423 868 1,525 425 I 241 

Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 194 260 192 34 11 

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 118 249 328 66 20 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 I_ 35 113 375 118 75

$lO,OOOand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 9 37 ‘166 98 96 

White 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 320 706 1,375 391 224 

Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 121 172 138 28 9 

$3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 101 211 286 57 17 

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 59 183 432 101 36 

$7,000-$9999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 + 32 105 360 111 71 

$lO,OOOand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 7 35 159 95 92 

Black 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 93 148 134 26 I 12 

* Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 67 83 48 5 

* $3,000 -$4,999 .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 15 34 39 7 

* $5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 7 23 29 6 

* * $7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6 11 5 

* * $l0,000andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 *1* 5 

All races Deaths per 1,000 Iiva births 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 35.2 27.7 ] 19.5 15.9 20.0 

* Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 37.3 37.2 24.5 14.3 

* $3,000-$4,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 38.4 26.6 19.6 23.4 

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 29.9 21.7 16.9 10.4 14.0 

$7,000-$8,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 23.3 21.4 20.2 16.1 20.0 

* $lO,OOOand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 21.9 18.8 17.2 22.5 

White 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 32.0 24.6 18.0 15.0 19.6 

* Under $3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 34.8 30.4 19.8 17.4 

* $3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 31.9 24.8 17.5 20.2 

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 31.5 21.6 16.4 9.8 15.6 

$7,000-$9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 20.8 20.8 19.8 14.3 20.5 

* $l0,000andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 21.9 17.4 17.3 22.4 

Black 

* 

$5,000-$6,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 25.1 

* $7,000-$9,999 

All incomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 45.9 41.7 34.5 32.1 

* * Under $3r000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 42.3 49.9 36.5 

* * * $3,000-$4,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 39.5 35.4 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.6

* 

*

*

* 

* 

* 

* 

T *

* 

*

*

* $10.000 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1* 

14 
� 

Table 4. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of father, 

race, and education of mother: United States, 1964-66 

Education of father 

Race of infant 

and education of mother Al I 8 year$ 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or less years years years or more 

All races Number of live births in thousands 

All levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482 570 I 734 1,263 422 493 

8yearsor less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 245 92 75 10 * 

9-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868 181 332 289 50 16 

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i ,525 132 282 761 216 135 

13-15years . . 

16yearsormore 

. 

. 

. . . . . . 

. . . . . . 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

425 

241 

11 27 

� * 

113 

26 

110 

36 

163 

177 

White 

All levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 433 604 1,127 384 468 

8yearsorless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 63 8 

9-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706 248 43 14 

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,375 695 200 129 

13-15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 101 101 156 

* 

* 16yearsormora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 

m� 21 33 168 

Black 

Alllevels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 124 119 121 32 16 

* 8yearsorlass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 61 19 11 � 

* 9:11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 44 58 37 7 

* 12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 17 39 60 14 * * 

16yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 * * * * 6 

All races Deaths per 1,000 live births 

Alllevels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 33.0 27.4 19.0 20.6 17.4 

8yearsorless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 39.8 39.4 18.2 * *. 

9-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 32.7 27.1 25.7 31.1 * 

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.5 21.1 25.0 17.4 19.7 17.4 

13-15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 � 15.5 14.2 19.9 13.7 

16yearsormore . ...”. . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 * * 16.4 15.3 21.2 

13-15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 10 7 5 

White 

Alllevels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 30.3 23.9 17.6 19.0 17.0 

* * 8yearsorless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 37.5 33.1 18.1 

* 9-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 31.1 23.0 23.8 24.2 

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 18.4 23.0 16.1 19.1 16.5 

13-15years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 � * 12.5 18.1 14.1 

16yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 * � * 15.6 20.7 

81ack 

Alllevels * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 42.4 44.8 32.2 37.6 

* * * * 8yearsorless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 46.2 

* * 9-n years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.7 36.6 45.6 34.8 

12years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 + 37.8 31.9 � * 

13-15yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 � � * � * 

16yearsormore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * � � * 

15 
Table 5. Estimated average annual number of legitimate Iive births and of infant deaths perl,OOO live tirths, byeducation of father, 

race, and age of mother: Unitad States, 1964-66 

Education of father 

Race of infant 

and a@ of mother All 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or less years years years or more 

All races Number of live births in thousands 

All ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482 570 734 1,263 422 493 

Under 20year$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 81 160 186 42 6 

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,258 142 267 519 189 141 

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 133 165 303 105 188 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 114 84 156 47 105 

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 99 59 100 39 53 

White 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 433 604 1,127 384 468 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 69 127 162 36 * 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,099 109 225 455 174 135 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 100 131 276 98 180 

3&K34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 83 71 142 43 99 

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 72 51 92 34 50 

Black 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 124 119 121 32 16 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 11 31 23 6 * 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 31 37 56 11 5 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 29 31 23 6 * 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 28 13 12 * * 

* 35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 25 8 6 5 

All races Deaths per 1,000 live births 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 33.0 27.4 19.0 20.6 17.4 

* Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 41.4 31.3 25.1 25.0 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 34.0 22.9 18.5 17.8 13.5 

29-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 29.3 27.5 18.6 21.3 15.4 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 27.4 26.5 16.3 26.4 23.5 

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 36.2 38.1 16.2 21.1 22.2 

White 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 30.3 23.9 17.6 19.0 17.0 

* Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 35.4 23.2 22.9 24.2


20-24years . . . . . . . . . ..’ . . . . . . 18.9 34.2 20.4 17.5 16.3 11.9


25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 25.5 26.7 16.1 19.1 14.9


30-34years . . . . . . ..b . . . . . . . . 21.4 23.7 25.0 15.7 23.2 24.4


35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 33.8 31.8 16.0 22.1 23.6


Black 

* Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 42.4 44.8 32.2 37.6 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 * 63.5 * * 

* 

* 

* 20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 34.7 38.8 27.1 

* * * 25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 44.4 31.7 

* * * * 30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 34.6 

* * * 35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 41.0 � 

16 
Table6. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births andofinfant deaths perl,OOO live &~hs, byeducation, race, and 

age of mother: United States, 1964-66 

Education of mother 

Race of infant 

and age of mother All 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or less years years years or more 

Al I races Number of live births in thousands 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482 423 I 868 1,525 I 42’5 I 241 

Undar20 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 69 237 154 15 * 

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,258 101 640 171 58 

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 97 172 394 128 102 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 84 98 198 72 54 

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 72 73 139 39 27 

White 

Black 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 14 39 17 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 21 48 54 12 * 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 23 28 34 6 * 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 20 18 17 * * 

Allege s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 320 706 1,375 391 I 224 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 55 195 136 11 * 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,089 78 234 577 157 53 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 70 141 356 119 98 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 62 79 178 I 68 I 49 

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 55 57 127 35 24 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

T

148 134 26 

� 

. 

12

* 

93 I 

* * 35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 15 15 12 I I All races Deaths per 1,000 live births 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0II =.2 27.7 I 19.5 15.9 I 

I 

20.0 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 37.9 31.8 24.0 * I * 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 37.1 24.3 18.2 15.2 14.4 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 31.6 28.6 19.1 14.2 18.0 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 26.0 26.3 20.9 17.9 27.7 

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 45.6 29.3 19.2 18.1 24.3 

White 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 32.0 24.6 I 18,0 15.0 I 19.6 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 29.1 25.3 23.7 � � 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.9 36.3 23.7 16.6 14.~ 11.1 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 28.9 24.7 17.4 13.0 18.0 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 26.8 21.8 19.3 16.6 28.4 

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 38.9 29.6 18.0 18.9 * 

Black 

Alleges * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 II 45.9 41.7 I 34.5 32.1 

Under20years * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 63.7 

* * 20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 28.7 34.5 

* * 25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 46.2 37.8


30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 * * * �


35yaarsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 IL1* * � �


17 
� 

� � � � 

� � � � 

� � 

Table 7. Estimated average annual number of Legitimate iivebirths and of infant deaths parl,OOO live tiRhsrby family income, ra@,) 

and age of mother: United States, 1964-86 

Family income 

Race of infant 

and age of mother All Under $3,000- $5,000- $7,000- $10,000 

incomes $3,000 $4,999 $6,999 $9,999 and over 

All races Number of live births in thousands 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482 690 780 890 715 

Under 20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 220 142 80 25 9 

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,258 243 324 379 227 85 

25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 113 166 233 250 131 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 65 95 116 129 102 

35yearsandcwer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 49 65 82 85 79 

White 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 467 671 BI 1 679 388 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 166 129 73 22 7 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,099 169 282 350 216 81 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 69 139 214 238 125 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 34 77 104 122 100 

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 29 43 71 81 74 

Black 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 206 97 69 28 12 

Under20years * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 51 12 6 � 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 68 38 25 8 � 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 40 23 17 9 � 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 28 14 11 5 � 

* 35yearsandwer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 19 11 10 � 

Al I races Deaths per 1,000 live births 

Allages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 32.1 25.1 18.1 19.9 19.9 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 31.7 24.8 22.4 49.9 � 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 28.9 25.2 14.9 15.5 17.2 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 32.4 25.3 19.6 18.3 16.6 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 35.3 19.6 21.1 21.9 21.4 

35yearsandcwer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 45.4 34.7 20.6 24.1 20.1 

White 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 27.3 22.1 17.8 19.2 19.4 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 24.4 2f.o 22.5 � � 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.9 26.8 22.5 15.0 14.9 17.1 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 23.5 21.7 19.5 17.5 16.4 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 38.2 18.1 18.5 22.5 20.1 

35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 43.8 30.4 21.3 23.3 19.7 

Black 

Alleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 42.5 46.8 22.0 37.6 

Under20years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 55.0 � � � � 

20-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 33.8 47.5 14.6 

25-29years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 46.0 

30-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 31.5 

� � � � � 35yearsandover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 

18 
Table8. Estimated average annual number of legitimate Iiva births ana ofinfant deaths perl,OOO Iivebi~hs, byedu~tion of father, 

race of infant, geogmphic regionr andmetropoliWn ornonmetropoli@ ncounW: United States, 1984-86 

Education of father 

Race, region, and 

metropolitan or 

nonmetropolitan county 

Al I races 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

‘ North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

White 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 

All 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or less years years years or more 

Number of live births in thousands 

3,482 570 734 1,263 422 493 

2,241 290 489 798 289 366 

1,241 280 246 465 123 127 

816 106 184 294 92 141 

654 81 150 230 77 117 

162 25 34 64 15 24 

992 130 203 408 120 132 

614 70 140 231 82 91 

378 60 63 177 37 41 

1,082 260 227 357 112 136 

548 91 110 193 65 90 

544 168 117 164 48 46 

581 73 121 204 98 84 

424 48 89 144 76 68 

157 26 32 60 23 16 

3,016 433 604 1,127 384 468 

1,920 217 397 693 268 345 

1,086 215 208 434 115 123 

735 91 156 266 87 135 

577 67 124 202 72 112 

158 24 32 64 15 23 

912 112 175 384 112 128 

540 52 115 210 75 88 

372 59 61 174 37 41 

19 
� 

� 

� 

Table 8. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of father, 

race of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66-Con. 

Education of father Race, region, and 

metropolitan or 

nonmetropolitan county 

White–Con. Number of live births in thousands 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 171 167 297 97 125 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 61 79 156 56 82 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 111 88 142 41 44 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. 511 58 107 180 88 79 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 37 79 125 66 64 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 21 28 56 22 15 

Black 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 124 119 121 32 16 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 64 87 94 26 14 

* Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 60 32 27 6 

* * Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 13 27 26 

Metropolitan � * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 12 25 26 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . � � � * � � 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 18 26 22 7 

* Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 17 25 20 7 

� � � � � � Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 87 60 59 15 10 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 30 31 37 9 8 

* Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 57 29 22 6 

Waft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6 7 13 6 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6 6 11 6 

� � � � � � Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

20 
Table 8. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live. births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of father, 

race of infant, geographic region, a’nd metropolitan or nonmetropol itan county: United States, 1964-66-Con. 

Education of father 

Race, region, and 

metropolitan or 16 years nonmetropolitan county All 8 years 9-11 12 I 13-15 

levels or less I years I years years or more 

All races Deaths per 1,000 live births 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 33.0 27.4 19.0 20.6 17.4 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 32.0 25.0 19.4 21.0 16.7 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 34.1 32.0 18.4 19.7 19.1 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 25.3 25.3 18.2 18.3 16.3 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 27.3 22.9 17.9 18.1 16.4 

Nonmatropolitan * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 18.8 36.0 18.9 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 32.1 29.0 18.8 24.3 19.0 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 37.4 26.5 20.4 26.5 17.1 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 25.8 34.7 16.6 19.6 23.4 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 38.8 31.0 19.3 15.7 16.8 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 38.0 30.4 19.8 17.7 17.6 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 39.2 31.6 18.6 13.1 15.3 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 25.4 21.1 20.3 24.0 17.5 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.3 20.4 20.0 19.3 21.0 15.8 

Nonmetropolitan * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 34.8 24.4 22.8 

White 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 30.3 23.9 17.6 19.0 17.0 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 30.7 21.7 17.8 19.3 16.4 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 29.9 27.9 17.3 18.4 18.5 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 23.7 23.0 17.6 16.0 16.4 

Metropolitan . . . . . J . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 26.2 19.4 17.4 15.4 16.9 

Nonmetropolitan * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 37.0 18.5 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 29.7 27.6 17.4 22.7 18.3 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 36.4 23.9 18.3 24.3 16.3 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 23.7 34.5 16.4 19.6 22.6 

21 
Table 8. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of father, 

race of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66-Con. 

Education of father Race, region, and 

metropolitan or 

non metropolitan county All 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or less years years years or more 

White–Con. Deaths per 1,000 live births 

South . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 36.0 25.0 17.0 13.5 15.1 

Metropolitan . .. L....... .. . . . . . 21.3 35.7 28.2 17.1 15.7 15.5 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 36.1 22.2 16.8 10.6 14.3 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 25.2 17.2 18.8 23.4 18.6 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..’.. 18.4 22.7 15.7 “ 18.2 21.1 16.8 

* * * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.0 21.3 20.1 

Black 

* All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 42.4 44.8 32.2 37.6 

* Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 39.0 40.5 32.0 39.3 

* * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . ...’ 45.1 46.0 56.3 32.7 

* * * Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 38.0 24.5 

* * * Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 39.5 23.4 

* * * * * * Nonmetropoliten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

* * * * North Central . . . . . . . ...’... “ 43.8 38.8 

* * * * Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.8 38.2 

* * * * * * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

* * South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 44.3 47.1 31.2 

* * Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.8 41.7 36.1 31.8 

* * * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 45.7 58.7 

,* * * * * West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 

4 

� * * * ‘H Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.9 

� * � * * * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

22 
Table 9. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of mother, 

race of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66 

Education of mother Race, region, and 

metropolitan or 

nonmetropolitan county All 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or less years years years or more 

Ail races Number of live births in thousands 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482 423 868 1,525 425 241 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,241 219 561 991 294 176 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,241 204 307 534 130 65 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816 77 192 394 88 66 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 62 155 317 67 117 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 15 37 76 21 12 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992 80 234 492 120 66 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 45 155 291 79 44 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 35 79 201 41 22 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,082 209 307 387 118 68 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 74 152 207 72 44 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 136 156 182 46 24 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 57 135 250 98 41 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 39 100 176 76 34 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 18 35 75 22 7 

White 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 320 706 1#375 391 224 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,920 167 452 874 265 162 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,086 152 254 500 126 63 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 65 163 361 83 64 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 50 128 285 63 51 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 15 35 76 20 12 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 68 201 466 112 64 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 35 124 267 71 43 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 32 77 200 41 22 

23 
Table 9. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant dealks per 1,000 live births, by education of mother, 

race of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66-Con. 

Education of mother 

Race, region, and 

metropolitan or All 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

nonmetropolitan county levels or less years years years or more 

Whita–Con. Number of live births in thousands 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 142 225 323 107 60 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 52 114 16G 63 37 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 90 111 157 43 22 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 45 117 224 88 37 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 30 86 156 67 30 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 15 31 68 21 6 

Black 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 93 148 134 26 12 

Metropolitan, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 46 101 105 22 11 * * 

Nonmetropolitan . . . : . , . . . . . . . . 128 47 47 29 

* * 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 11 27 31 

* * 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 10 25 31 

* * * * * * 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

*


North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 10 31 25 7 

*


Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 9 30 24 7 

* * * * * * 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 66 81 64 11 8 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 22 38 40 8 6 

* * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 + 44 25 

* * West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5 9 14 

* * Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3q 5 8 11 

* * * � * * Nonmetropoiitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
� 

� 

� � � 

� � � 

� 

Table 9. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 Iiv@ births, by education of mother, 

race of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66-Con. 

Education of mother 

Race, region, and 

metropolitan or 

nonmetropolitan county All 

levels 

8 years 

or less 

9-11 12 

years years 

13-15 

years 

16 years 

or more 

All races Deaths per 1,000 live births 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 35.2 27.7 19.5 15.9 20.0 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . ...’ . . . . . 22.0 32.0 25.2 20.0 16.0 21.1 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 38.7 32.3 18.5 15.7 17.0 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 20.4 23.8 24.9 18.9 13.0 21.7 

Metropolitatt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20.0 23.2 22.? 19.0 13.7 21.8 

� � * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 33.8 18.6 

N&wthCentrai . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 38.2 28.2 20.3 18.2 19.5 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 33.5 29.1 21.8 18.3 22.4 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 44.2 26.7 18.2 17.9 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 40.9 29.9 19.5 12.9 17.4 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 44.6 25.5 20.8 14.5 19.2 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 38.9 34.2 18.1 10.4 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 25.5 25.9 18.5 19.2 22.4 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.3 20.2 22.8 17.8 16.9 20.7 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 34.7 20.2 

Wh it~ 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 32.0 24.6 18.0 15.0 19.6 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 30.0 22.2 18.4 14.8 21.1 

Nonmetropolitars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 34.2 28.9 17.3 15.3 15.8 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 21.6 23,7 17.7 12.8 21.3 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 20.7 20.9 17.5 13.4 22.0 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 34.0 18.2 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 39.1 25.9 18.8 17.0 18.9 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 34.1 26.1 19.6 16.5 21.5 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 44.6 25.7 17.7 17.9 

25 
� � � 

� � � � 

Table 9. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by education of mother, 

race of infant, geographic region, and’metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66-Con. 

Education of mother Race, region, and 

metropolitan or 

nonmetropolitan county 

White–Con. 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Black 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

west . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Al I 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or Iess years years years or more 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

21.7 35.8 25.2 17.5 11.6 15.3 

21.3 40.4 21.4 19.3 ‘ 12.6 17.6 

22.1 * 33.2 29.0 15.6 10.1 

19.9 24.6 22.6 17.5 18.4 25.0 

18.4 23.1 19.5 16.9 16.4 23.0 

24.0 * * * 31.1 18.8 

39.5 45.9 41.7 34.5 32.1 

36.9 42.0 38.7 * * 34.2 

45.1 49.7 48.1 * * 35.6 

33.8 * * * 32.5 34.3 

33.2 � 32.6 33.8 * � 

� � � * * � 

43.8 � 44.7 48.8 * � 

42.8 � 42.0 � � � 

� � � � � � 

40.5 51.0 43.3 29.1 � � 

35.8 38.0 26.2 

45.0 50.1 48.0 33.6 � � 

35.2 � � � � � 

35.9 

� � � � � 

26 
Table 10. Estimated average annual number of Iagitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by family income, rata 

of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66 

Family income 

Race, region, and 

metropolitan or All Under $3,000- $5,000- $7,000- $10,000 nonmetropolitan county inc’omes $3,000 $4,999 $6299 $9,999 and over 

All races Number of live births in thousands 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482 691 780 716 406 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,241 371 458 585 515 313 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,241 320 323 305 200 93 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816 108 173 232 185 117 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 83 134 187 151 99 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 26 39 45 35 18 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992 139 203 280 255 115 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 79 103 175 176 82 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 60 100 105 80 33 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,082 332 286 228 155 90 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 548 132 140 118 95 63 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 200 146 108 60 28 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 111 118 149 120 84 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 77 80 104 84 69 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 33 38 46 26 15 

White 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 467 671 811 679 388 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1920 246 376 518 483 297 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,086 222 284 282 197 91 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 78 153 214 178 113 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 55 115 169 143 96 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 23 38 44 35 18 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 111 185 261 243 111 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 54 86 156 164 79 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 57 88 104 79 33 

27 
Table 10. Estimatad avarage annual numbar of Iagitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by family income, race 

of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66-Con. 

Family income 

Race, region, and 

metropolitan or 

non metropolitan county All Under $3#ooo- $5,000- $7,000- $10,000 

incomas $3,000 $4,999 $6,999 $9,999 and over 

White–Con. Number of live births in thousands 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 189 235 202 147 85 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 73 110 103 88 58 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 116 125 99 58 26 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 88 98 135 112 79 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 64 65 90 87 65 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 25 33 44 25 14 

Black 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 206 97 69 28 12 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 119 72 57 26 11 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 87 25 12 * *, 

* Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 29 19 17 6 

* Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 27 18 16 6 

* * * * * * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

* North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 25 18 17 12 

* Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 23 17 17 11 

* * * * * * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 140 51 26 8 5 

* Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 58 29 16 6 

* * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 82 21 10 

* * West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 11 10 9 

* * Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 10 8 8 

* * * * * * Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

28 
Table IO. Estimated avaraga annual number oflegitimate live bimhsand ofinfantdeaths ~rl,~Olive hmhs, by family income, race 

of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan ornonmetropolitan county: United Stetesr 1964-66-Con. 

Race, region, and Family income 

metropolitan or All Under $3,000- $5,000- $7,000- $10,000 nonmetropolitan county incomes $3,000 $4,999 $6S99 $9,999 and over 

All races 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropoliten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

White 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

23.0 32.1 25.1 18.1 19.9 19.9 

22.0 29.8 25.8 17.5 20.2 18.8 

24.9 34.8 24.2 19.3 19.0 23.7 

20.4 23.2 21.2 16.5 22.5 20.8 

20.0 23.7 20.6 15.8 22.0 20.8 

22.0 21.6 23.6 19.5 24.3 20.7 

23.3 32.5 26.0 20.5 19.5 22.7 

24.1 36.2 30.2 19.1 20.9 22.0 

22.1 27.6 21.8 22.7 16.6 24.4 

25.7 36.9 28.0 15.7 18.3 15.0 

24.3 35.4 30.6 16.2 16.9 13.4 

27.0 37.8 25.5 15.2 20.5 18.5 

21.3 26.3 22.4 19.8 18.5 20.1 

19.3 20.2 20.5 19.3 19.3 16.9 

26.9 40.2 26.5 21.1 15.6 35.5 

20.8 27.3 22.1 17.8 19.2 19.4 

20.0 25.1 22.5 17.1 19.6 18.4 

22.0 29.8 21.5 19.0 18.2 22.6 

19.1 23.1 18.3 15.8 21.7 19.8 

4 

18.5 22.9 16.9 15.0 21.3 20.0 

* * 21.3 22.3 18.9 23.2 

21.7 29.2 22,8 19.9 19.1 21.9 

21.8 30.0 26.9 18.2 20.2 20.8 

21.5 28.4 19.2 22.4 16.8 24.6 

29 
Table 10. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and of infant deaths per 1,000 live births, by family income, race 

of infant, geographic region, and metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county: United States, 1964-66-Con. 

Race, region, and Family income 

metropolitan or 

nonmetropolitan county All Under $3,000- $5nooo- $7,000- $10,000 

incomes $3,000 $4,999 $6,999 $9,999 and over 

White–Con. 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

West . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Black 

All regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan .,...... . . . . . . . 

North Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

21.7 30.7 24.0 16.5 17.3 15.0 

21.3 30.5 26.3 17.5 16.5 14.4 

22.1 30.8 22.1 15.5 18.5 16.5 

19.9 21.6 21.8 19.0 18.0 20.1 

18.4 16.7 19.9 19.0 18.9 17.0 ‘ 

* 24.0 34.1 25.6 19.1 14.7 

* 39.5 42.5 46.8 22.0 37.6 

* 36.9 39.5 46.0 23.0 33.5 

45.1 * * * 46.7 49.1 

* * * * 33.8 24.5 

* * * * 33.2 26.2 

* * * * * * 

* * * * 43.8 50.2 

* * * * * 42.8 

.* * * * * * 

* * 40.5 45.0 46.8 9.7 

* * * 35.8 40.7 47.8 

* * * * 45.0 48.1 

* * * * * 35.2 

* * * * * 35.9 

* * * * * * 

30 
Table 11. Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by education of father and infant’s race and age at death: United 

States, 1964-66 

Educationoffather 

Race and age at death 

All races 

Lessthanl year . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Lessthan l day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l~days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7-27days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l-5months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6-llmonths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

White 

Lessthanlyear . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Lessthan lday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l-6days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7-27days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l-5months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6-llmonths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Black 

Lessthanlyear . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Lessthan lday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

I%days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7-27days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l-5months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6-llmonths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

23.0 33.0 27.4 19.0 20.6 17.4 

9.8 12.0 10.5 8.5 10.5 8.6 

5.6 6.6 6.7 4.9 5.4 4.8 

1.7 3.2 2.1 1.2 1.1 0.8 

4.3 8.0 5.3 3.4 2.5 2.5 

1.7 3.2 2.8 1.1 1.2 0.7 

20.8 30.3 23.9 17.6 19.0 17.0 

9.1 11.0 10.2 8.0 9.9 8.1 

5.3 6.8 5.7 4.7 4.9 4.8 

1.4 2.8 1.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 

3.5 6.9 4.0 3.0 2.0 2.4 

1.5 2.8 2.3 0.9 1.1 0.8 

\ 

39.5 42.4 44.8 33.5 

14.7 15.7 12.1 15.8 

8.3 6.6 12.0 7.0 

3.7 4.8 4.5 2.3 

9.9 11.9 11.7 7.1 

2.9 3.5 4.6 1.3 

31 
Table 12. Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate Iivebirths, byeducation of mother andinfant’s race andage at death: United 

Rata and age at death 

All races 

Lessthan l year . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Lessthan l day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

I-fiday s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7-27 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l-5months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6-llmonths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

White 

Lessthanlyear . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Lessthan lday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l-6days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7-27days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l-5months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6-llmonths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Black 

Lessthanl year . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Lessthanl day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l~days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7-2i’days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l-5months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6-llmonths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

States, 1964-66 

Education ofmother 

All 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 yaars 

levels or less years years years or more 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

23.0 35.2 27.7 19.5 15.9 20.0 

9.8 12.4 11.2 8.9 7.0 10.3 

5.6 7.0 6.3 5.1 4.% 5.1 

1.7 3.6 2.2 1.2 0.5 1.1 

4.3 8.1 6.0 2.9 2.7 2.6 

1.7 4.1 2.1 1.3 0.9 0.9 

20.8 32.0 24.6 18.0 15.0 19.6 

9.1 11.4 10.6 8.5 6.2 10.3 

5.3 6.7 5.9 4.8 5.0 4.7 

1.4 3.2 1.8 1.1 0.5 1.1 

3.5 7.1 4.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 

1.5 3.6 1.8 1.1 0,8 1.0 

39.5 45.9 41.7 34.0 

14.7 16.9 13.1 14.9 

8.3 8.6 8.1 8.3 

3.7 4.9 4.4 2.4 

9.9 11.7 13.3 5.9 

2.9 3.8 2.8 2.5 

32 
� 

Table 13. Estimated infant deaths perl,OOO legitimate iive Mtihs, by family income andinfant's race anda~ atdeath: United States, 

1964-66 

Family income 

Rata and age at death All Under $3.000- @5,000- $7,000- $10,000 

incomes $3,000 $4,999 $6399 $9999 and over 

All races Deaths par 1,000 I ive births 

Lessthanl year . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 32.1 25.1 18.1 19.9 19.9 

Lessthan l day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 11.3 11.0 8.2 8.7 10.1 

l~days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 7.0 5.7 4.6 5.3 5.7 

7-27 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 3.0 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.1 

l-5months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 8.1 4.6 3.1 3.1 2.0 

6-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 2.8 2.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 

White 

Lessthanlyear . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 27.3 22.1 17.8 19.2 19.4 

Lessthan lday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 10.6 9.6 8.1 8.6 9.7 

l-6days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.8 5.5 4.5 5.2 5.8 

7-27days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.6 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.2 

l-5months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 6.1 4.1 3.0 2.6 2.0 

6-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.2 1.9 1.2 1.2 0.8 

Black 

Lessthanlyear . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 42.5 46.8 27.1 

Laasthan lday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7 13.4 21.7 10.9 

14days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 9.3 8.3 6.5 

7-27days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.2 5.4 1.1 

l-5months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 12.6 8.0 6.4 

6-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.0 3.5 2.? 

33 
Table 14. Estimated infantdeaths perl,OOO legitimate live bifihs, byeducation of father, mce, andcause Ofinfant's death: United States,1964436 

Race of infant and education of father 

Cause of death All races White Black {Seventh Revision of 

International Lists, 1955) All 8 years 9-11 12 years All 8 years 9-11 12 years All 8 years 9-11 12 years 

Iavels or less years or more levels or less years or more levels or less years or more 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 33.0 27.4 19.0 20.8 30.3 23.9 17.7 39.5 42.4 44.8 33.5 

Infective and parasitic 

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 001-138 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0,7 0.0 

Influenza, pneumonia, and all 

other diseases of respiratory 

system . . . 470475, 480A193, 500-527,763 3.0 5.3 3.8 2.1 2.4 4.3 3.2 1.8 7.1 9.2 6,9 5.7 

Gastritis, duodenitis, and all 

other diseases of digestive 

system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...530-587 0.7 1,8 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.4 1.6 3.0 1.6 0.7 

Congenital malformations . . . . . 750-759 3.7 4.B 4.6 3.0 3.8 5,5 4.7 3.1 2.9 1.5 4.7 2.6 

Birth injuries , . . . . . . . . . . ...760. 761 1.9 2.7 2.3 1.6 1.9 3.0 2.3 1.6 2.4 1.9 2.3 2.7 

Postnatal asphyxia andatelectasis . . . . 762 3.8 5.1 4.1 3.4 3.5 4.7 3.5 3.2 6.5 6.9 7.5 5.5 

Hemolytic disease of newborn 

(ewthmblastosis) . , . . . . . . . . 770 0.4 0.3 0,3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 

Immaturity, unqualified . . . . . . . . 776 3.6 4.2 4.8 3.1 3.1 3.4 4.1 2.7 6.9 6.9 7.8 6.4 

Certain diseases of early 

infancyl . . . . . . . . 765-769, 771-774 3.6 4.7 3.4 3.3 3.2 4.1 2.9 3.2 6.1 7.0 6.2 5.4 

Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . E800.E962 O.B 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.7 1.5 0.8 0.4 1.7 1.0 2.9 1.5 

Residual . . . . . 140486,590-747,780-793, 

795, E963-E985 1.5 2.4 1.B 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.0 ‘ 3.8 4.7 4.3 2.7 

] includes neonatal disorders arising from certain diseases of the mother during pregnancy; illdefined diseases peculiar to early infancy; immaturity with mention of 

other subsidiary condition; and other diseases peculiar to early infancy not already shown. Illde fined diaaases peculiar to aerly infancy account for about 60 percent of 

these deaths. 
Table 15. Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by education of mother, race, and cause of infant’s death: United States, 1954-66 

Race of infant and education of mother 

Cause of death Al I races White Slack (Seventh Revision of 

International Lists, 19551 All 8 years 9-11 12 years All 8 years 9-11 12 years All 8 years 9-11 12 years 

evels or less yaws or more Ievals or less years or more levels or less years or more 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

Allcauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 35.2 27.7 18.8 20.8 32.0 24.6 17.6	 39.5 45.9 41.7 34.0 . 

Infective and parasitic 

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...001-138 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.2 

Influenza, pneumonia, and all 

other diseases of respiratory 

system . . . 470-475,480493,500-527,763 3.0 5.8 4.4 1.9 2.4 5.0 3.5 1.6 7.1 8.8 8.7 4.8 

I Gastritis, duodenitis, and all 

other diseases of digestive 

system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...530-587 0.7 2.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.9 0.4 0.3 1.6 3.4 2.0 0.5 

Congenital malformations . . . . . . . . 750-759 3.7 4.6 3.9 3.4 3.8 4.9 4.2 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.5 3.2 

Shthinjuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760,761 1.9 2.2 2.5 1.6 7.9 2.4 2.5 1.6 2.4 1.7 2.3 2.7 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis . . . . . . 762 3.8 6.3 4.3 3.2 3.5 5.7 3.9 3.0 6.5 8.8 6.3 5.3 

Hemolytic disease of newborn 

[erythroblastosis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 

Immaturity, unqualified . . . . . . . . . . . 776 3.6 4.5 4.4 3.1 3.1 3.0 4.0 2.8 6.9 9.6 5.9 6.4 

Certain diseases of early 

in fancyl . . . . . . . . . . . 765,769.771-774 3.6 5.1 4.1 3.1 3.2 4.9 3.7 2.8 6.1 6.4 5.8 6.2 

Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E800-E962 0.8 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.7 0.7 0.5 1.7 0.4 2.1 2.1 

Residual . . . . . . . 140486,590-747,780-793, 

795, E963-E985 1.5 2.3 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.1 1.1 3.8 4.2 5.3 2.2 

] Includes neonatal disorders arising from certain diseases of the mother during pregnancy; illde fined diseasas peculiar to early infancy; immaturity with mention of 

other subsidiary condition; and other diseases peculiar to early infancy not alraady shown. Illde fined diseases peculiar to early infancy account for about 60 percent of 

these deaths. 

35 
Table 16. Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by family income, race, and cause of infant’s death: United States, 1964.66 

Race of infant and family income 

Cause of death 

(Seventh Revision of All races White Black 

International Lists, 1955) All Under $3,000- $5,000 All Under $3,000- $5,000 All Under $3,000- $5,000 

incomes $3,000 .$4,999 and over incomes $3,000 $4,999 and over incomes $3,000 $4,999 and over 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

Al[ causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,0 32.1 25.1 19,1 20.8 27.3 22.1 18.7 39.5 42.5 46.8 27.1 

Infective and parasitic 

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..001-l38 0.2 0,6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0 

Influenza, pneumonia, and all 

other diseasesof respiratory 

system . 470.475,480493,500-527,783 3.0 5.5 3.4 2.0 2.4 4.3 3.0 1.8 7.1 8.o 7.1 5.5 

Gastritis, duodenitis, and all 

other diseasesof digestive 

system . . . . . . . . . . . . , ..530-567 0.7 1.5 0.8 0.4 0,5 1.2 0,4 0.4 1,6 1.6 2.7 0.7 

Congenital malformations . . . . 750-759 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.8 4.4 3.8 3.6 2.9 2,8 4.4 1.7 

Birth injuries . . . . . . . . . ,780,761 1,9 1.7 2.7 1.7 1.9 1.5 2.3 1.8 2.4 1.9 5.5 0.4 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis . . 762 3.8 4.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.6 8,5 7.2 6.1 5.4 

Hemolytic diseaseof newborn 

(wythroblastosis) . . . . . . 770 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.4 

Immaturity, unqualified . . . 776 3.6 5.2 4.3 2.8 3.1 4.5 3.3 2.7 6.9 6.7 10.4 4.4 

Certain diseasesof early 

infancyl . . .765, 769, 771.774 3.6 5.0 3.7 3.1 3.2 4.1 3.5 2,9 6.1 7.1 5.2 5.2 

AccidenS . . . . E800-E962 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.7 2.3 0.9 1.4 

Residual . . 140486,590-747,780-793, 

795, E963-E965 1.5 2.6 1.5 t .0 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.0 3.8 4.8 4.C 2.1 

‘ Includes neonatal disorders arising from certain diseasesof the mother during pregnancy; illde fined diseasespeculiar to early infancy; immaturity with mention of other subsidiary 

condition; and other diseasespeculiar to early infancy not already shown. Illde fined diseasespeculiar to early infancy account for about 60 percent of these deaths. 

36 

i 
Table 17. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and percent distribution by race and birth weight, according to 

education of father: United States, 1964-65 

Education of father 

Race and birth 

weight in grams Al I 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or less years years years or more 

All races Number of live births in thousands 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 3.572 588 767 1,282 416 I 518 

2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 58 72 98 26 28 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 110 157 223 75 79 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397 216 293 518 162 208 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993 143 190 330 114 157 

4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 61 55 114 40 47 

White 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 3,094 448 632 1,141 380 493 

2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 40 50 82 21 25 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 76 120 190 67 74 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,205 163 245 455 145 197 

3,501 -4,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 121 167 308 107 152 

4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 48 50 106 T 39 46

Black 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 421 128 124 124 31 15 

* * 2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 16 22 15 

* 2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 33 36 29 7 

3,001 -3r500grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 47 41 53 14 6 

* 3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 20 20 20 5 

* * 4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 12 7 � 

AH races Percent distribution by birth weight 

Ail birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

2,500 grams orlass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 9.9 9.4 7.6 6.2 5.3 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 18.8 20.5 17.4 18.1 15.2 

3,001 -3r500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 36.7 38.2 40.4 38.9 40.2 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 24.2 24.7 25.8 27.3 30.2 

4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 10.4 7.2 8.9 9.5 9.1 

White 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 I 100.0 

2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 8.9 7.9 7.2 5.5 5.0 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . : . . . . . 17.1 17.0 19.0 16.7 17.8 15.0 

3r001-3,500grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 36.4 38.8 39.8 38.3 39.9 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 26.9 26.4 27.0 28.2 30.7 

4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 10.8 7.9 9.3 10.3 9.3 

Black 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

* * 2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 12.4 17.7 12.1 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 25.9 29.1 23.3 22.5 * 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.2 36.6 33.2 42.6 45.6 41.0 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.4 15.8 16.5 16.4 17.2 * 

* * * 4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 9.3 5.7 

37 
Table 18. Estimated average annual number of legitimate live births and percent distribution by race and birth weight, according to 

education of mother: United States, 1964-65 

Education of mother 

Race and birth 

weight in grams All 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 16 years 

levels or less years years years or more 

Al I races Number of live births in thousands 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 3,572 445 I 888 1,560 429 249 

2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 47 84 110 26 14 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 645 87 174 270 77 37 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397 168 344 615 165 105 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 102 213 432 120 66 

4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 41 73 132 41 29. 

White 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 3,094 342 724 1,403 393 232 

2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 32 63 88 23 11 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . , , . . . . . . . 528 58 134 232 70 33 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . , . . , . . . . . . . 1,205 132 278 549 148 99 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 88 184 408 113 61. 

4,001 grams and over . . . . , . . . . . , . 289 32 65 126 39 28 

Black 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 421 93 151 138 26, 12 

* * 2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 14 21 20 

* 2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 27 38 36 5 

* 

* 3,501 -4,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 13 25 22 5 

* * 4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 7 8 7 

All races Percent distribution birth weight 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 I 100.0 100.0 I 100.0 100.0 

2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 10.6 9.4 7,1 6.0 5.5 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 19.4 19.6 17.3 17.9 14.7 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 37.8 38.7 39,4 38.5 42.0 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 23.0 23.9 27.7 28.0 26.4 

4,001 grams and over ., . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 9.2 8.3 8.5 9.6 11.4 

White 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 I 100.0 100.0 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 32 59 54 11 

2,500 grams or less ...,..... . . . . . 7.0 9.3 8.7 6.3 5.9 4.9 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 17.0 18.5 16.6 17.8 14.4 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 38.5 38.4 39.1 37.7 42.5 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 25.8 25.5 29.1 28.8 26.2 

4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 9.4 9.0 9.0 9.8 12.0 

Black 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 I 100.0 100.0 

* * 2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 14.7 13.7 14.2 

* 2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 28.8 25.1 26.0 20.8 

* 3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.2 34.8 39.2 39.4 41.5 

* 3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.4 14.0 16.7 15.7 19.9 

* ‘E 4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 7.7 5.4 4.8 

38 
� � 

� � 

� 

� 

� � � 

� � 

� � 

� 

� 

Tabla 19. Estimated avarage annual number of legitimate live births and percent distribution by race and birth weight, according to 

family income: United States, 1984-65 

Family income 

Race and birth 

weight in grams All Under $3,000- $5,000- $7,000- $10,000 

incomes $3,000 $4,999 $6$99 $9,999 and over 

Al I races Number of live births in thousands 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,572 755 845 914 689 368 

2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 76 66 76 40 23 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 156 161 150 123 55 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397 300 331 355 266 146 

3,501 -4,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 170 214 243 198 108 

4,001 gremsand over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 53 73 90 62 38 

White . 

Ail birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,094 508 735 837 659 354 

2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 43 52 65 35 22 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 95 129 133 117 53 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,205 200 288 324 256 137 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 131 200 228 189 105 

4,001 grams andovei . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 39 65 88 61 36 

Black 

All birth waights . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 229 97 64 22 9 

2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 30 13 11 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 57 30 16 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 90 36 24 6 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 38 11 12 6 

* � � 4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 13 7 

All races Percent distribution ‘ birth weight 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 I 100.0 100.0 I 100.0 100.0 

2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 10.0 7.8 8.3 5.9 6.2 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 20.7 19.1 16.4 17.8 14.8 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 39.7 39.2 38.8 38.6 39.5 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 22.6 25.3 26.6 28.7 29.2 

4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 7.1 8.6 9.9 9.0 10.2 

White 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 I 100.0 100.0 

2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 8.5 7.1 7.7 5.3 6.3 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 18.7 17.6 15.9 17.8 15.0 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 39.3 39.2 38.7 38.9 38.7 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 25.8 27.3 27.3 28.7 29.7 

4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 7.6 8.8 10.5 9.3 10.3 

Black 

All birth weighta . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 13.2 13.2 17.1 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 24.9 30.5 24.3 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.2 39.4 37.6 38.0 26.0 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.4 16.7 11.1 18.0 28.9 

4,001 grams and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.7 7.6 

39 
� � 

� � 

� 

� � � � 

Table 20. Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by education of father and race and birth weight of infant: United 

Race and birth 

weight in grams 

Ail races 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . , . . . . 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4,001 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Whita 

All blrthwaights . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,500 grams orlesi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,501 -3jOOOgrarns . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3r001-3,500gram$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,5014,000 grains . . , . . . . . . . , . . 

4,001 gkams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Black 

Allbirthweights . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,500 grams orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,!50i-3,000grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,001 -2,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

i,5014,000grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4,001 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . 

States, 1964-65 

Education of father 

All 8 years 9-11 12 13-15 

Iavels of less years years yaars 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

23.5 33.8 29.4 19.1 20.8 

185.5 205.7 197.0 153.6 217.1 

19.4 24.4 20.6 17.4 17.1 

7.3 13.3 9.6 6.1 4.5 

6.6 11.9 8.0 5.4 5.9 

9.2 10.9 14.2 6.9 8.5 

21.0 31.1 25.6 17.7 18.7 

164.0 2ci2.2 203.0 150.0 221.4 

18.2 25.8 20.0 15.6 14.9 

6.8 i 3.3 8.0 6.0 4.2 

5.9 10.7 6.7 5.1 5,2 

7.7 8.0 11.i 6.3 7.2 

40.7 42.6 48.1 30.6 42.9 

~ 

16 years 

or mora 

16.1 

196.3 

17.7 

3.5 

3.2 

7.2 

15.5 

197.1 

17.3 

3.4 

3.3 

7.4 

166.7 

24.6 20.5 23.5 27.4 

11.3 12.1 19.2 6.4 

� � � � � 14.6 

� � � � � � 

40 
� 

� � � � 

� � 

! .-

Table 21. Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate live births, by education of mother and race and birth weight of infant: United 

States, 1964-65 

Education of mother 

Race and birth 

weight in grams Ail 

levels I 

8 years 

or less 

9-11 12 I years I years I 13-15 

years 

16 years 

or more 

All races Deaths per 1,000 live births 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 23.5 36.6 30.0 18.6 16.5 19.7 

* 2,500 grams or Iess . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.5 205.9 197.5 167.5 171.8 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 23.4 24.8 14.1 19.7 22.9 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 13.7 9.5 5.8 3.0 5.9 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 15.4 8.4 5.1 3.3 3.4 

4,001 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 16.3 9.1 7.6 5.5 11.8 

White 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 32.8 26.0 17.5 15.7 19.0 

* � 2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.0 198.3 183.7 177.3 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 28.9 21.3 13.0 19.1 21.7 

3,001 ~r500grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 11.5 9.1 5.8 3.0 5.1 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 14.0 7.6 4.5 2.9 3.7 

4,001 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 13.9 7.7 6.2 4.4 12.0 

Black 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 48.9 47.7 p.4 32.7 

2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.7 � * � � �


2,501-3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 10.7 35.8 20.3 � �


3,001-3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 20.8 11.7 5.1


3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 15,7


4,001 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . � * � * � �


41 
Table 22. Estimated infant deaths per 1,000 legitimate	 live births, by family income and race and birth weiaht of infant: United 

States, 1964-65 

Family income 

Race and birth 

weight in grams 

All races 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4,001 grams or more . . . . . . ...<... 

White 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,001 -3,500 grams . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,5014,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4,001 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Black 

All birth weights . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,500 grams or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2,501 -3,000 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,001 -3,500 grams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,501 -4rOOOgrams . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 

4,001 grams or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

All Under $3,000- $5,000- $7,000-” $10,000 

incomes $3,000 $4,999 $6,999 $9,999 and over 

Deaths per 1,000 live births 

23.5 34.0 25.0 17.6 19.7 20.3 

* 185.5 205.1 205.9 135.1 203.8 

19.4 25.9 17.0 14.1 19.2 22.4 

7.3 10.5 8.5 5.4 6.1 5.4 

6.6 12.3 7.1 4.6 4.8 4.7 

9.2 16.6 6.9 6.8 7.2 12.0 

21.0 30.2 21.2 17.3 19.0 19.9 

* 184.0 205.5 186.6 143.3 221.4 

18.2 27.0 16.0 14.7 16.6 20.0 

6.8 10.6 7.6 5.2 5.7 5.3 

5.9 9.8 6.4 4.7 4.7 4.8 

7.7 12.9 5.2 6.3 7.4 10.8 

* * 40.7 41.3 53.0 20.4 

* * * * 188.7 201.8 

* * * 24.6 23.8 22.9 

* * * 11.3 10.1 12.4 

* * * * 14.0 19.3 

* * * * * * 

42 
APPENDIX 1 . . 

SOURCES AND LIMITATIONS OF DATA 

Background of This Report 

This report presents data on infant mortality 

rates for 1964-66 for legitimate infants. Ordinarily, infant mortahty rates based on all births and 

infant deaths registered in the United States are 

published in Vital Statistics of the United 

States. 3 These regularly published statistics are 

limited to the amount of information recorded 

and coded on the birth and death certificates. 

This report presents data on infant deaths 

classified by family income and completed 

education of the mother and father-variables 

not available in the regularly”published statistics. 

The data were collected as part of the 1964-66 

National Infant Mortality Survey (NIMS) and 

the 1964-66 National Natality Survey (NNS). 

- The survey design of the latter precluded obtaining information on illegitimate births. 

Sources of Data 

The first sources of data for the survey were 

the death certificates and the birth certificates 

of infants. From the death certificate, information such as age of deceased, sex, race, place 

of death, usual place of residence, and cause of 

death was obtained. From the birth certificate, 

information such as sex of child, residence of 

father and mother, age of father and mother, 

and race of father and mother was obtained. 

The second sources of data were mail questionnaires. For infant deaths, questionnaires 

were mailed to the persons who provided the 

funeral director with personal information about 

the deceased infant for recording on the death 

certificate. This was usually the mother. For 

births, the questionnaires were mailed to the 

mothers. 

In the NIMS, for those deaths occurring in 

1964 and 1965, a form was also sent to hospitals 

and institutions in which infants died, to hospitals where infants were born, and to any other 

hospitals or institutions at which the infants 

received medical care. If infants died in hospitals 

or institutions, the name of the hospital or 

institution in which death occurred was recorded on the death certificate. The name of the 

hospital where an infant was born and the names 

of hospitals or institutions where an infant 

received medical care were derived from responses on the informant questionnaire. Hospitals or institutions to which a form had been 

sent also protided the names of other hospitals 

or institutions in which the infant had received 

medical care in some instances. 

Sample Design 

The sampling frame for the 1964-66 NIMS 

was the Current Mortality Sample (CMS)–a 

10-percent systematic sample of death certificates received each month by the National 

Center for Health Statistics from the 54 registration areas in the United States. The sample for 

the 1964-66 NIMS was a probability sample of 1 

out of every 11 deaths under 1 year of age 

included in the CMS in 1964, 1965, and 1966. 

This procedure yielded an overall selection rate 

of approximately 1 out of every 110 infant 

deaths registered in the United States. Of a total 

of 2,490 infant deaths in the 1964-66 NIMS, 

2,160 were inferred to be legitimate. In the case 

of infant deaths, legitimacy status is not recorded on the death certificate; legitimacy status 

was inferred from information on the death 

certificate and on the questionnaire. The 

43 
method of making such inferences, as it pertains 

to infant deaths, is further defined and explained in appendix II. Table I shows the number of deaths of all infants and the number of 

deaths of legitimate infants included in the 

1964-66 NIMS. 

The sampling frame for the 1964-66 NNS was 

the file of microfilm birth certificates received 

each month by the National Center for Health 

Statistics from the 54 registration areas in the 

United States. As a general rule, each registration area assigns a number to each certificate 

prior t.o or during the filming of the birth 

record. The certificates are numbered consecutively from the first to the last birth occurring 

during the year. 

The sampling for the survey was based on a 

probability design which made use of these 

nu~bers on the birth records. Each 1,000 

records constituted a primary sampling unit. 

Within each 1,000 records, one record was 

chosen at random. Thus, a sample of 1 out of 

every 1,000 births was selected from the records 

for each registration area. 

The national sample included a total of 

11,331 births. Of these, 647 were reported as 

illegitimate in the 36 registration areas which 

record legitimacy status, and 289 others in the 

19 areas which do not record legitimacy status 

were inferred to be illegitimate. The mothers of 

these 936 illegitimate births were not sent 

questionnaires. A total of 10,395 legitimate 

Table 1. Total number of infant deaths in the United States and 

the number of infant deaths in the National Infant Mortality 

Survey, 1964-66 

Number of 

infant deaths 

Total count of infant 

deaths in the 

United States’ . . 

Number of infant 

deaths selected in 

the sample . . . . 

Number of deaths 

of legitimate 

infants . . . . . . 

1See reference 3. 

Year 

Total 

1964 1965 1966 

278,165 99,783 92,866 85,516 

2,490 888 830 772 

2,160 764 733 .633 

births were therefore included in the survey. 

Questionnaires were not ,sent to 70 additional 

mothers because the birth was registered in the 

State of New Mexico which did not participate 

in the survey, to 9 mothers because the birth 

was registered in the State of California and they 

were already in the sample of a State survey, and 

to 10 mothers either because their residence was 

outside the United States or because no mailing 

address was obtainable. Thus, a final sample of 

mothers to whom questionnaires were mailed 

numbered 10,306. 

Table II shows the total number of births 

registered in the United States and the number 

in the 1964-66 NNS. 

The Death Certificate, the Birth Certificate, the 

Questionnaire, and the Hospital Form 

As mentioned previously, the death certificate 

and the birth certificate were the first sources of 

data for this report. Although not all States use 

the exact Standard Certificate of Death or the 

Standard Certificate “of Live Birth, both of 

which are shown in appendix III, all States do 

include on their certificates items requesting the 

basic information used in this report. There were 

no sample cases for which information was 

missing for the items on the death certificates 

which were used in this report. In most cases, all 

items on the birth certificates were answered 

adequately. There were, however, some birth 

certificates chosen for the 1964-66 NNS for 

which information was missing for certain items. 

Table 111 shows the number and percentage of 

birth certificates on which certain items were 

not answered. 

As already noted, in addition to data derived 

from the death certificates and from the birth 

certificates, data used in this report were derived 

from questionnaires sent to persons who provided the funeral director with personal information about the deceased infant (the death 

certificate informant) and from questionnaires 

sent to mothers. 

The questionnaire sent to the death certificate 

informant asked for information about the 

infant who died, information about other children born to the mother, a listing of other 

members of the household who usually lived 

with the mother at the time of birth of the 

deceased infant, employment of mother during 

44 
Table II. Total number of births in the United States and the number of births in the National Natality Survey, 

1964-66 

Number of births 

Total count of births in the 

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of births selected in 

thesample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of illegitimate births excluded 

from survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of legitimate births in 

survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of births from New Mexico 

and California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of births for which questionnairewas mailed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Year 

Total 

1964 1965 1966 

11,393,000 4,027,000 3,760,000 3,606,000 

11,331 4,025 3,702 3,604 

936 282 345 309 

10,395 3,743 3,357 3,295 

79 26 22 31 

10 3 7 

10,306 3,717 3,332 3,257 

The questionnaire sent to the mother of a 

legitimate birth asked questions identical to 

those on the NIMS, so that comparable data on 

these items were obtained from both surveys. In 

addition, information was sought on the 

mother’s expected future fertility. 

For the NINE, the form sent to the hospitals 

and institutions in 1964 and 1965 asked for 

information on length of pregnancy and weight 

of baby at birth, specific detaijs regarding 

episodes of care provided by that hospital or 

institution for the infant (such as cause and 

duration of illness), and for the names and 

addresses of any other hospitals in which the 

infant might have been a patient. 

Collection of Data 

For both the 1964-66 NINE and the 1964-66 

NNS, the principil method of data collection 

was a mail survey. 

Table Ill. Number andpercentage of birth certificates on which 

certain items were notanswered in the National Nataiity Survey, 1964-66 

Item 

Ageofmother . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .,0 

Raceofmother . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 .1 

Raceoffather . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 .5 

Raceofchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 .1 

Sexofchild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .0 

Number of children born alive: 

Non living . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 .4 

Nowdead . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 1.9 

Previous fetal deaths . . . . . . . . . 310 3.0 

Completed weeks of pregnancy . . . . 678 6.5 

Birth weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 .2 

NOTE-Base: 10,3951 egitimate live births. 

pregnancy, family income during the previous 

calendar year, education of mother and of 

father, and information on health insurance 

coverage for maternity care. 

45 
For the 1964-66 NLMS, the primary source of 

information was the person who provided the 

funeral director with the personal information 

about the deceased for recording on the death 

certificate (the death certificate informant). The 

mailing address of the death record informant is 

usually reported on the death certificate. For 

infant deaths, the informant is usually the 

mother; however, information was accepted 

from the father, maternal grandmother, and 

paternal grandmother (in that order) if the 

mother was not available to complete the 

questionnaire. For those cases where the name 

or address of the informant was not available on 

the death certificate or additional sources of 

information were required, a letter was sent to 

the funeral director requesting the address of the 

informant and/or names and addresses of other 

relatives of the deceased infant to whom a 

questionnaire might be sent. 

For the 1964-66 NNS, questionnaires were 

mailed to the mothers of legitimate infants, 

using the address of the mother recorded as her 

usual place of residence. Information was 

accepted from other respondents only if there 

was no possibility y of obtaining it from the 

mother. 

For both surveys, there were followup procedures when there was no response to the 

original queries. If after 2 to 3 weeks no 

response was received from a death certificate 

informant, a funeral director, or a mother of a 

legitimate live birth, the first followup mailing 

was sent by certified mail. If no response was 

received to the first followup mailing within 3 

weeks, a second followup occurred by regular 

mail; however, no second followup mailing was 

made to funeral directors. If no response was 

received from the second followup mailing, 

there was additional provision for collecting 

information by use of telephone or by personal 

interview carried out by the U.S. Bureau of the . 

Census if the person resided in one of the 

primary sampling units designated by the Bureau 

of the Census. 

For the 2,160 legitimate infant deaths in the 

1964-66 NIMS, the response rate was 88 percent. For the 10,395 legitimate births in the 

1964-66 NNS, the response rate was 89 percent. 

Table IV shows the number and percent of 

respondents to the questionnaires sent to death 

certificate informants by selected characteristics 

of legitimate infants who died in 1964-65. 

Response rates by characteristics of deceased 

infants could not be calculated for 1966 because 

the information was not coded. 

Table V shows the number of mothers of 

legitimate births in the survey and the percent 

responding to the questionnaire by selected 

characteristics of the mothers of legitimate 

births. 

Nonresponse and Imputation for Missing Data 

A “nonresponse” represents a major problem 

in any survey. Nonresponse in the 1964-66 

NIMS was defined to include those cases for 

which an informant was not identified from the 

death certificate and the funeral director was 

unable to provide names and addresses of 

relatives of the deceased infant to whom a 

questionnaire might be sent, those cases for 

which questionnaires were returned but were 

uncodable, those cases for which there was no 

response at all by mail or by interview, those 

cases for which the informant was not queried 

for other reasons, and those cases for which 

there was a refusal to answer the questionnaire. 

Nonresponse in the 1964-66 NNS was defined 

to include those cases for which no questionnaire was mailed if the birth certificate was filed 

in New Mexico, those cases for which no 

questionnaires were mailed because no usable 

mailing address was obtained, the mothers resided outside the United States or were included 

in the California survey, those cases for which 

no questionnaire was returned after all followup 

procedures had been completed, and those cases 

for which questionnaires were returned but were 

not usable. 

All of the above cases for which no information from the questionnaires was available or 

usable are referred to as “unit nonresponses. ” 

Imputation was carried out for “unit nonresponses” according to the following specifications. 

Data in the 1964-66 NIMS were adjusted for 

unit nonresponse by imputing for a decedent for 

whom no questionnaire was returned the data 

for a decedent for whom a questionnaire was 

returned. The imputation was carried out in the 

following manner. Four subgroups were defined: 

46 
Table IV. Number and percent responding to informant questionnaire by selected characteristics of deceased le~itimate infants in the National 1nfant Mortality Survey, 1964-66 

Characteristics of 

deceased infants 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Race 

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Otherraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Region 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

NorthCentr;l ” ::::::... . . . . . . . . . . 

South . . . . . . . 

West’.:::::::::::::: :: . . . . . . . 

Metropolitan status 

Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Cause of death 

Infective and parasitic 

diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...001-138 

Influenza and pneumonia, except 

pneumonia ofnewborn . . . . . . . . 480-493 

Other diseases of respiratory 

system . . . . . . . . . . . 510-522,525-527 

Gastritis, duodenitis, enteritis, 

and COIitis, except diarrhea of 

newborn . . . . . . . . . ...543.571. 572 

Other diseases of digestive 

system . . . . . . 530-542,544-553,573-587 

Congenital malformations . . . . . . . . 750-759 

Birth injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760.761 

Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis . . . . . . 762 

Hemolytic disease of newborn 

(erythroblastosis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 

Immaturity, unqualified . . . . . . . . . . . 776 

Certain diseases of early 

infancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...760-776 

Symptoms and ill-defined 

conditions . . . . . . . . . . . 780-793, 795 

Accidents . . E800-E962 

Residual .::::::::::::.. . . . . . . . 

Age at death 

Under l day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l-6days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

7-27 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

28days-5 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6-n months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total Total 

number of number of 

legitimate legitimate 

infants, infants, 

1964-66 1964-65 

2,160 1,497 

1,707 1,164 

418 302 

35 31 

450 302 

626 439 

749 515 

335 241 

1,330 907 

830 590 

15 10 

230 173 

48 33 

45 35 

20 

346 2:; 

180 135 

358 244 

35 22 

337 231 

335 224 

53 36 

75 52 

83 57 

917 613 

525 361 

155 105 

400 293 

163 125 

Percent of 

1964-65 infants 

on which response 

was received 

87.9 

88.7 

86.4 

71.0 

90.7 

89.5 

89.3 

78.4 

88.9 

86.4 

90.0 

87.3 

97.0 

80.0 

92.3 

92.7 

92.6 

84.8 

81.8 

89.2 

84.8 

83.3 

78.8 

91.2 

88.3 

89.5 

85.7 

87.4 

84.8 

47 
Table V. Number and percent responding by selected character- For the 1964-66 NNS, imputation of informaistics of mothers in the National Natelity Survey, 1984-66 tion in instances of unit nonresponse was carried 

out through a similar procedure, except that 

Number 

Percent (1) only legitimate infants were included, and 

Characteristic of mother in 

respond ing (2) there were 24 imputation classes based on su rvev age of mother, live-birth order, and color of 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,395 88.8 mother. These characteristics are recorded on 

the birth certificate and were therefore available 

Age 

— for all sample cases whether a questionnaire was

Under 20years . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,466 82.5 

returned or not. The 24 imputation classes were 

20-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,698 88.7 defined as follows:


25-29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,617 90.7


30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,562 90.7 Group Color and age Live-birth order


35 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . 1,052 90.5


Whita 

C&r 

1 . . . . . . . . . . . . Under 20 years 1 

White	 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,096 89.5 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . Under 20 years 2+ Allother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,299 84.0 

3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-24 years 1 

Live-birth order 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-24 years 2 

5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-24 years 3+ 

First . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,009 88.7 

Second . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,596 89.4 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-29 years 1 

Third . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,852 89.4 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-29 years 2 Fourth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,208 89.1 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-29 years 3-4 

Fifthorhigher, . . . . . . . . . . . 1,730 87.2 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-29 years 5+ 

Region of residence lo . . . . . . . . . . . 30-34 years 1-2 

11 . . . . . . . . . . . 30-34 years 34 

Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,445 92.8 12 . . . . . . . . . . . 30-34 years 5iNorth Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,968 91.4 

South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,246 87.1 13 . . . . . . . . . . . 35 years and over 1-4 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,736 82.0 14 . . . . . . . . . . . 35 years and over 5+ 

Metropolitan status All other 

lnsideSMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,682 90.4 15 . . . . . . . . . . . Under 20 years 1 

OutsideSMSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,713 85.9 16 . . . . . . . . . . . Under 20 years 2+ 

17 . . . . . . . . . . . 20-24 years 1-2 

white males, white females, all other males, and 1~ . . . . . . . . . . . 20-24 years 3+


Al other females. The data required to assigna 19 . . . . . . . . . . . 25-29 years 1-2


case to one of these four groups were complete 20 . . . . . . . . . . . 25-29 years 34


on all death certificates selected for the 1964-66 21 . . . . . . . . . . . 25-29 years 5+


N~S, regardless of whether there was a re­


sponse to the mail questionnaire. After the close 22 . . . . . . . . . . . 30-34 years 14


23 . . . . . . . . . . . 30-~ years 5+ 

of the survey, the complete file of records of 

infant deaths was 1?ut in random order. This file 24 . . . . . . . . . . . 35 years and over All 

included those records which were unit responses as well as those records which were unit 

ncmresponses. Imputation was carried out by Besides those cases referred to as “unit 

imputing to a nonresponse record the values nonresponses,” there were cases for which quesfound for the last previous record for which tionnaires were returned but certain information 

there was a response and which fell into the was missing. The missing information is referred 

same one of the four imputation groups. to as “item nonresponse. ” 

48 
For the 1964-66 NIMS, there were sevmd ----

possibIe actions when item nonresponse occurred. These included editing-in the information on the missing items if it could be obtained 

from another part of the questionnaire, other 

forms, letters accompanying forms, or the death 

certificate; sending a special letter to the person 

who answered the questionnaire asking for the 

missing information; or referring the case to the 

study director for review, after which either a 

special letter was sent asking for the missing 

information, a phone call or personal interview 

was carried out by the Bureau of the Census, a 

form was sent to the funeral director asking for 

the names and addresses of relatives of the 

deceased infant to whom informant questionnaires might be sent, or the case was closed. 

If a special letter was sent asking for the 

missing information and it was not rettirned or 

was returned but the information asked for was 

not provided, the case was also referred to the 

study director for review, whereupon either a 

phone call or personal interview was carried out 

by the Bureau of the Census, a form wzis sent to 

the funeral director asking for the names and 

addresses of relatives of the deceased so new 

informants could be queried, or the case was 

closed. 

For the 1964-66 NNS, actions taken when 

item nonresponse occurred included editing-in 

the missing information if it could be supplied 

from another pmit of the questionnaire or the 

birth certificate; sending a special letter to the 

person who answered the questionnaire askhg 

for the missing information; or referrihg the case 

to the study director for review after which 

either a special letter was sent asking for the 

missing information , a phone call or personal 

interview was carried out by the Bureau of the 

Census, or the case was closed. 

Data in the 1964-66 NIMS were adjusted for 

item nonresponse in a manner different from 

that applied to unit nonresponse. Imputation for 

item nonresponse was carried out by taking into 

consideration the ‘ information provided for 

other items on the questionnaire which was 

pertinent to the missing information. For example, if there was missing information for the 

question on family income in the last calendar 

year previous to the year of death, information 

given by the informant on the household listing 

and information Provided on education of the 

father would be ~onsidered if it were available. 

In such a case, the last previous questionnaire 

for which the responses for household listings 

and for education of father were coded in the 

same categories as those on tke questionnaire 

with the missing information was chosen. The 

value for the item on which there was missing 

information was then taken from this last 

previous record and imputed to the item where 

there was missing information. This method of 

imptitation was carried out for each case of item 

nonresponse. It should be emphasized that 

household listing and education of father were 

not the only items considered wheri imputation 

was carried out for a missing item nor were they 

the only items used to impute family income for 

all cases for which information was misskg OH 

family income. Rather, for item nonresponse 

each item of each case fot which there tvas 

missing information was considered individually. 

Possible bias in selecting the last previous record 

was avoided by the randotn ordering of the 

records which was done between each step of 

the imputation procedure. 

Table VI shdws the nonresponse rates for 

some items from the 1964-65 NIMS questionnaire. Nonresponse rates are for 1964-65 only 

because, as mentioned previously, in 1966 

whether there was or was not a respcmse to the 

questionnaire for each individual case was not 

coded. As can be seen in table VI, the item for 

which nonresponse rates were highest was family 

income (information not obtained for 7.3 percent of the respondents to the questionnaire). 

Table V1. Item nonresponse rates for selected items on the 

NationalInfant Mortality Survey, 1964-65 

Item I Number Percent 

1 I 

Family income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 7.3 

Yearofbirth of mother . . . . . . . . . 45 3.4 

Educational attainment of father . . . . . 29 2.2 

Year of first marriage . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.0 

Educational attainment of mother . . . . 9 0.7 

Previous fetal deaths . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0.7 

Employment during pregnancy . . . . . . 5 0.4 

Total children ever born alive . . . . . . 1 0.1 

Total children not now alive. . . . . . . . 2 0.2 

NOTE.–Base: 1,316 unit responses, legitimate births only. 

49 
For the 1964-66 NNS, item nonresponse rates 

Were generally low–usually less than 1 percent. 

Most of the item nonresponses were imputed on 

the basis of information available elsewhere on 

the birth certificate or questionnaire. For example, mother’s age as recorded on the birth 

certificate was used to impute her year of birth 

when she had not completed that questionnaire 

item. Other items with very low nonresponse 

rates (less than 0.5 percent) were imputed 

arbitrarily. Five items with fairly high nonresponse rates were-imputed in the computer by 

procedures similar to those used for unit imputation on the basis of matrices designed specifically for each item. For example, education of 

father was imputed by using age of father and 

education of mother; family income was imputed by using age of father and education of 

father. 

Table VII shows the nomesponse rates for 

some items from the 1964-66 NNS questionnaire. 

Weighting Procedures for National Estimates 

Statistics on infant deaths and births in this 

report are national estimates prepared by use of 

a postsurvey, stratified ratio estimation procedure, This estimation procedure, which takes 

into account the total number of registered 

infant deaths for the 1964-66 NJMS and the 

total number of registered births estimated from 

a 5O-percent sample for the 1964-66 NNS, 

reduces the sampling error by making the sample 

more representative of the population of all 

infant deaths or of all births than would be 

expected to occur by random sampling alone. 

Table V1l. Item non response rates for selected items on the 

National Natelity Survev, 1964-66 

Itern I Number I Percent 

Age of father . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 .7 

Educational attainment of father . . . . . 78 .8 

Educational attainment of mother . . . . 15 .2 

Year of first marriage . . . . , . . . . . . 35 .4 

Employment during pregnancy . . . . . . 13 .1 

Family income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 2.5 

For the l!164-66 NIMS, for each of the four 

groups that were used for imputation, the 

national count of all registered infant deaths for 

the appropriate year was obtained from ,,Vita/ 

Statistics of the United States.3 A weight for 

each group was then calculated by dividing the 

numb er of sample deaths in each group into the 

number of registered deaths in each &oup for 

each year of the survey. The product of the 

weight and the sample count equals the national 

total of infant deaths for that group. 

For the 1964-66 NNS, for each of the 24 

groups that were used for imputation, the 

national count of registered births estimated 

from a 50-percent sample was obtained from 

Vital Statistics of the United States;~, A weight 

for each group was then calculated by dividing 

the number of sample births in each group into 

the number of registered births in each group for 

each ~ea.t of the survey. The product of the 

weight and the sample count equals the national 

total of births for that group. 

The effect of these weighting procedures is to 

make the estimates from the 1964-66 NIMS 

sample more consistent with the estimates of the 

total number of registered infant deaths and to 

make the estimates from the 1964-66 NNS more 

consistent with the estimates of births based on 

the 50-percent sample, for each of the groups 

used in the estimation procedure. However, 

since data in this report refer only to deaths and 

births of legitimate infants, the estimates in this 

report are not comparable to the total number$ 

of births and infant deaths reported in Vital 

Statistics of the United States, since the latter 

include all deaths and births, legitimate and 

illegitimate. 

Estimates of characteristics are produced 

from a sample using the following formulas: 

1964-66 National Infant Mortality Survey 

1964-66 National Natality Survey 

NOTE. –Base: 9,232 unit responses, legitimate births only. 

50 
where 

X;	 is the estimate of the number of deaths or 

births with a particular characteristic in 

group i, 

xi	 is the count of sample deaths or births 

with the characteristic in group i, 

Yi isthe countof au samPle deaths or births 

in grOUp i, and 

Yi	 is the total number of registered deaths 

in group i, or the total number of registered births in group i based on the 

50-percent sample. 

Reliability of Estimates 

Since the statistics derived from a survey are 

estimates based on a sample, they may differ 

from the figures that would have been obtained 

had a totzd count been made using the same 

questionnaire and procedures. 

The probability design of the sample for these 

surveys makes possible the calculation of sampling errors. The standard error is a measure of 

the sampling variation that occurs by chance 

because only a sample rather than entire population is surveyed. The chances are about 68’ out 

of 100 that an estimate from the sample differs 

from the value for the entire population by less 

than the standard error. The chances are about 

95 out of 100 that the difference is less than 

twice the standard error and about 99 out of 

100 that the difference is less than three times 

the standard error. 

Estimates of sampling variability for the 

statistics derived from each survey were based 

on 20 random half-sample replications. This 

technique yields overall variability through observation of variability among random subsamples of the total sample. It reflects both the 

error that arises from sampling and a part of the 

measurement error, but it does not measure any 

systematic biases in the data. A general discussion of the development and evaluation of a 

replication technique for estimating variance has 

been published elsewhere.5 However, the procedures and computations required to estimate 

variances by this method are briefly described 

below. 

For both surveys, each record from the entire 

file of records in the survey was assigned 

systematically to a random group between 1 and 

40.	 Twenty pairs of random groups were created 

from these groups. A half sample was formed by 

randomly selecting one group from each of the 

20 pairs. This process was repeated until 20 

“replicate half samples” were formed from 

which variance estimates were derived. The 

composition of the 20 half samples was determined by an orthogonal plan. 

After the composition of each of the half 

samples was determined, all the estimation 

procedures used to produce the final estimates 

for the entire sample were applied separately to 

each of the resulting half sarn Ies. 

J’ An estimated variance S%~ of an estimated 

statistic x’ of the parameter X is obtained by 

applying the following forrmda: 

20 

S.j=$ ~ (x; - X’)2 

i=1


where 

x‘	 is the estimate of X based on the entire 

sample, and 

x” is the estimate of X based cm half sample 

i. 

Rules to determine the approximate standard 

errors for aggregates and for rates presented in 

this report are as follows: 

1. Estimates of agpegates: Approximate 

standard errors for estimates of aggregates 

which are not derived from the groups used 

in ratio estimation, such as the number of 

infant deaths or births to families wh’ere 

the father was a high school graduate, are 

given in table VIII if the estimate refers to 

deaths and in table IX if the estimate refers 

to births. There are no standard errors for 

estimates of aggregates if the estimates are 

derived from the groups used in ratio 

estimation. 

51 
Table Vlll. Approximate standard errors for estimated numbers shown in this report, 1964-66 National Infant 

Mortality Survey 

Size of estimate 

250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1,500 . . . . . . . . ...<.. . . . . . . . 

2,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

15,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

20,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

30,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1964-65 1964-66 

Relative Relative 

Standard Standard 

standard standard error error error error 

110 44.0 98 39.2 

165 33.0 142 28.4 

230 23.0 181 18.1 

270 18.0 233 15.5 

310 15.5 260 13.0 

385 12.8 320 10.7 

455 11.4 380 9.5 

485 9.7 405 8.1 

630 6.3 466 4.7 

700 4.7 533 3.6 

800 4.0 600 3.0 

960 3.2 767 2.6 

Table 1X. Approximate standard errors for estimated numbers shown in this report, 1964-66 National Natality 

Size of estimate 

5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

15,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

20,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

25,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

75,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

150,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

200,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

250,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

300,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

700,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Survey 

1964-65 

Standard 

error 

1,800 

2,368 

2,682 

2,948 

3,293 

4,531 

5,437 

5,933 

7,069 

7,975 

8,670 

9,171 

12,204 

15,309 

15,950 

1964-66 

Relative Relative 

Standard 

standard standard error error error 

36.0 1,490 129.8 

23.7 1,960 19.6 

17.9 2,220 14.8 

14.7 2,440 12.2 

13.2 2,725 10.9 

9.1 3,750 7.5 

7.2 4,500 6.0 

5.9 4,910 4.9 

4..7 5,850 3.9 

4.0 6,600 3.3 

3.5 7,175 2.9 

3.1 7,590 2.5 

2.4 10,100 2.0 

2.2 12,670 1.8 

1.6 13,200 1.3 

52 
2. Estimates of rates: Approximate standard 

errors for estimated rates, such as the 

number of infant deaths to the number of 

births, are determined in the following 

way. When the rate is an estimate which 

was not derived from the classes used in 

ratio estimation, such as the infant mortality rate for families with incomes of under 

.$3,000, the approximate standard errors 

are given in table X when the rate was 

based on 2 years of data, and in table XI 

when the rate was based on 3 years of data. 

When the rate is an estimate which was 

derived from the classes used in ratio 

estimation, such as the infant mortality 

rate for white infants, there are no standard 

errors. 

3. Difference between two sample estimates: The standard error of a difference 

between two sample estimates is approximately the square root of the sum of the 

squares of the standard error of the two 

estimates. This formula will represent the 

actual standard error quite accurately for 

the difference between separate and uncorrelated characteristics, although it is only a 

rough approximation in cases where the 

characteristics are correlated. 

In addition to sampling errors, survey results 

are subject to errors in conceptual formulation, 

ambiguities and misinterpretations arising from 

the wording of the questions, biases due to 

nonresponse or incomplete response, and errors 

in coding, editing, and tabulation. There is no 

way of computing the magnitude of these errors. 

Errors in conceptual formulation and ambiguities of the 1964-66 NNS were reduced by 

pretesting the questionnaire before initiating the 

survey. The steps taken to reduce biases due to 

nonresponse in each survey were discussed in the 

section of this appendix, “Nonresponse and 

Imputation for Missing Data.” Errors in tabulation were reduced, if not eliminated, by crosschecking the tabulations and by comparing data 

from each survey with data from other sources 

when available. 

Rounding of Numbers 

In this report, estimates of aggregates are 

rounded to the nearest thousand. The original 

Table X. Approximate standard errors of infant mortality rates based on 2 years of data 

Average annual 

number of live births 

Io,ooo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

15,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

25,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

150,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

250,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births 

5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 

Standard error expressed as rate 

27.3 29.6 32.5 

11.6 14.8 15.6 18.1 20.3 21.8 24.0 25.8 

4.9 7.3 8.6 10.5 12.0 13.6 15.3 16.7 18.1 19.6 

2.3 3.6 4.9 6.1 7.3 8.5 9.6 10.7 11.9 12.2 13.6 

1.7 2.3 3.4 4.3 5.3 5.8 6.2 6.7 7.2 7.7 8.6 

1.2 1.8 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.0 5.5 5.9 6.9 

1.0 1.5 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.0 4.5 5.0 

.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.7 3.1 

.5 .6 .9 1.1 1.5 

NOTE. -Numerator: 196445 National Infant Mortality Survey; Denominator: 1964-65 National Natality Survey. 

53 
Table Xl. Approximate standard errors of infant mortality rates based on 3 years of data 

Average annual 

number of live births 

10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

15,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

;5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

150,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

250,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births 

5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 w 100 

Standard error expressed as rate 

22.3 24.2 26.5 

9.5 12.1 12.7 14.8 16.6 17.8 19.6 21.1 

4.0 6.0 7.0 8.6 9.8 11.1 12.5 13.6 14.8 16.0 

1.9 2.9 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.9 7.8 8.7 9.7 10.0 11.1 

1.4 1.9 2.8 3.5 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.9 6.3 7.0 

1.0 1.5 2.3 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.5 4.8 5.6 

0.8 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.7 4.1 

0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.5 

0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 

NOTE. enumerator: 1964-66 National infant Mortality Survey ; Denominator: 1964-66 National Natality Survey. 

tabulations on which this report is based, how- fi~ures. The reader should be cautioned that in 

ever, show figures to the ne;est whole unit and recomputing these totals, percentages, ratios, 

all totals, percentages, ratios, and averages in this and averages by use of the rounded figures, 

report were computed using these unrounded exactly the same result may not occur. 

64 
APPENDIX II 

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED IN THIS “REPORT 

Education of father. –Education of father New Jersey, New York, 

refers to the highest grade of regular school Pennsylvania, Rhode 

completed. Regular school consists of elemen- Island, Vermont 

tary, high school, and college or university, but 

does not include trade or business schools. In North Central. . . . Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 

both surveys, data on education of father were Kansas, Michigan, Mirmederived from responses to the questionnaire sota, Missouri, Nebraska, 

which asked for the highest grade of school North Dakota, Ohio, South 

attended and whether or not that grade was Dakota, Wisconsin 

completed. 

Education of mother. –Education of mother South . . . . . . . . . . Alabama, Arkansas, Delarefers to the highest grade of regular school ware, District of Columbia, 

completed. Data on education of mother were Florida, Georgia, Kenderived in the same manner as were data on tucky, Louisiana, Mary- education of father. land, Mississippi, North 

Family income. –In both surveys, family Carolina, Oklahoma, South 

income refers to the total of all income received Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, 

during the calendar year prior to the year during Virginia, West Virginia 

which the birth or the infant death occurred. 

Family income was defined to include all West . . . . . . . . . . . A1as ka, Arizona, Califincome received by the mother and by all ornia, Colorado, Hawaii, 

persons related to the mother by blood, mar- Idaho, Montana, Nevada, 

riage, or adoption, and living in the same New Mexico, Oregon, 

household at the time of birth. Income from all Utah, Washington, Wyosources such as wages, salaries, unemployment ming 

compensation, rent, interest, dividends, help 

from relatives, profits and fees from own busi- Metropolitan or nonmetropolitan county. –In 

ness or farm, welfare payments, social security both su~eys usual residence as reported on the 

payments, and insurance proceeds was asked for. certificates, was classified by location inside or 

Geographic re~”on. –In both surveys State of outside counties or cities falling in standard 

residence, as reported on the certificates, was metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA’S) as declassified according to four regions which corre- fined by the Office of Management and Budget spond to the regions used by the U.S. Bureau of and used by the Bureau of the Census. In New 

the Census. These regions and the States which England, metropolitan State economic areas are included in each region are as follows: (MSEA’S) are used in place of SMSA’S. Residence inside counties or cities falling in either 

Rep”on States Included SMSA’S or MSEA’S was termed metropolitan 

county of residence. If residence was not in a 

Northeast . . . . . . .	 Connecticut, Maine, Massa- metropolitan county, it was in a nonmetropolichusetts, New Hampshire, tan county. 

55 
Age of mother. –In the National Natality 

Survey, age of mother was recorded or derived 

from entries on the birth certificate. In the 

National Infant Mortality Survey, age of mother 

was derived from responses to the infant mortality survey questionnaire which asked for the 

date of birth of the mother. Age in this report 

refers to age at last birthday. 

Birth weight. –In the National Natality Survey, birth weight was recorded or derived from 

the birth certificate. In almost all cases, birth 

weight was recorded in pounds and ounces. It 

was converted into grams by taking 1 pound 

equal to 454 grams. In the National Infant 

Mortality Survey, birth weight was derived from 

forms sent to hospitals which had provided care 

to the deceased infant. This included the hospital at which birth occurred, other hospitals at 

which the infant had a period of care, and the 

hospital at which death occurred, if the death 

occurred in a hospital. Data on birth weight of 

deceased infants was available only for infants 

who died during 1964 and 1965. 

Legitimacy status (National Infant Mortality 

Survey). –In the National Infant Mortality Survey, legitimacy of the infant was inferred by 

using information on the death certificate and 

on the questionnaire. If mother, father, and 

child all had the same last name, and if mother’s 

maiden name was different from the child’s on 

the death certificate, the child was inferred to be 

legi~mate. Legitimacy was also inferred if on a 

returned questionnaire the mother was listed as 

being married, the date of marriage was before 

or equal to the date of birth of the child, and 

the father was accounted for in the questionnaire on household listing. On the other hand, if 

the child had the same last name as the mother 

and if the father’s name was different or not 

given on the death certificate, illegitimacy was 

inferred. The child was also inferred as being 

illegitimate if the mother reported her marital 

status as single and if no date of marriage was 

given on the retu~ed questionnaire. 

Legitimacy status (National Natality Survey). —In the National Natality Survey, for the 

36 areas reporting legitimacy on the birth 

record, legitimacy of the infant was recorded or 

derived from the entry on the birth certificate. 

For areas not reporting legitimacy on the birth 

record, it was inferred by using the same rules as 

were used for the National Infant Mortality 

Survey. In a few cases, a recorded legitimate 

birth was changed to ari inferred illegitimate 

birth when the mother stated on a questionnaire 

that she had never been married. 

Live birth. –A live birth, according to the 

World Health Organization, is the complete 

expulsion or extraction from its mother of a 

product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which after such separation, 

breathes or shows any other evidence of life 

such as beating of heart, pulsation of the 

umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord 

has been cut or the placenta is attached; each 

product of such a birth is considered liveborn 

and a certificate of live birth should be filed. 

Infant death.–An infant death is the death of 

an infant under 1 year of age. 

Age at death.–The age of the infant at the 

time of death was recorded or derived from the 

death certificate. 

Cause of cleath.-Cause of death was recorded 

or derived from entries on the death certificate. 

The coding of cause of death from the entry on 

the death certificate was in accordance with the 

specifications of the Manual of the International 

Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, 

and Causes of Death, World Health Organization, Vol. I, 1957 (Seventh Revision). 

Sex. –Sex of infant was recorded or derived 

from entries on the birth certificate or death 

certificate. 

Race and color. –In the National Infant Mortality Survey, race was recorded or derived from 

entries on the death certificate. The category 

“white” includes those decedents reported as 

white, Mexican, or Puerto Rican. The category 

“black” includes only those decedents reported 

as Negro. The category “other races” includes 

decedents reported as Japanese, Aleut, Eskimo, 

Hawaiian, or Part-Hawaiian. In the National 

Natality Survey, race was recorded or derived 

from entries of the race of the parents on the 

birth certificate and then classified into the same 

categories as in the National Infant Mortality 

Survey. 

56 
APPENDIX [11 

SOURCE FORMS 

Standard Certificate of Live Birth 

Ferm a.r,rwcd


Budr,t Burcsw X.. EW-R374 .2.


CERTIFICATE OF LIVE BISTII STATE OF BIRTH No. 

,2. USUAL RESIDENCE OF MOTHER (W/we does mofhcr hut?) 

a. STATE b. COUNTY 

i : b. CITY. TOWN. OR LOCATION c. CITY. TOWN. OR LDCATION 2 

= t I 

C. NAME ~05pNAL OF OR(Vnti in L+wifal, @estrcttaddreaa) d. STJ+EZTADDRESS

lNSTi iUTNJN 

d. IS PLACE OF BIRTH INSIOE CITY LIMITS? e. IS RESIDENCE INSIDE CITY LIMITS? I f. 1S RESIOENCE ON A FARM? 

u 

z 4. SEX %. THIS BIRTH 5b. IF TWIN OR TRIPLET. WAS CHILD BORN 6. DAYS Month Day Yew 

SINGLE � TWIN a TRIPLZT � 1ST ig 2D � 30 ig B1:!H 

7. NAME First MiddSe La.Yf 8. COLOR OR RACE 

E 

z I 

9. AGE (At Iim of thw birth) 10. BIRTHPLACE (stale Or f07@7n COU7t/V) IIa. USUAL OCCUPATION 1 lb. KIND OF BUSINESS OR INDUSTRY 

YEARS 

12. MAIDEN NAME Fir.?I .lfiddZc Lad 13. COLOR OR RACE ~ 

. 

c 14. AGE (Al finzz of this birth) 15. BIRTHPLACE (Stale or lwtipn counh~) i6. PREVIOUS DELIVERIES TO MDTHER (1)0 NOT include[his bir/h) 

YEARS m now ma”# b. Hem man” OTHER Ml- ., H.10 ma.. M.1 d,a,Aa 

OTHER &c&en ~:; ~y:t born di.. but .rc (1.lw,, hr. dwd .1 A .V S’ 

17. INFORMANT .3.* nom ii.i.g? fiml afla’ c..cc#imt) f 

1 ! I 

18. MOTHERS MAILING ADDRESS 

: 

~ K!+. SIGNATURE 18b. A’ITENOANT AT BIRTH 

I hereby ccrIiJ# s 

~ that this &dd M.D. � D. O. � MIDWIFE � OTHER (SPCciJV)

maa born ahe 

INc. AOORESS 18d DATE SIGNEO x“ ;:ded t:hp 

5 

~ 

z 19. DATE RECD. BY LDCAL REG. 20, REGISTRAR% SIGNATURE 21. DATE ON WHICH GIVEN NAME ADDED 

IL 

o BY (Rcgi@m) ~


u FOR MEOICAL ANO HSALTH USE ONLY


z (Thu aecfion .MU.’iT be jliled 0U4) 

z 22a. LENGTH OF PREGNANCY 22b. WEIGHT AT BIRTH 23, LEGITIMATE 

M COMPLETEO 0 WEEKS LB. oz. YES n NO � I 

(SPACE FOR AODITION OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH ITEMS BY INDIVIDUAL STATES) 

El , 

57 
Standard Certificate of Peath 

CERTIFICATE OP DEATlf	 Form mtnnovud. BudmCBu,,uu No. @4-R376 .2. 

BIRTH No. STATE OF STATE FILE No. 

1. PLACE OF DEATH 

b. CITY, TOWN. OR LOCATION c. LENGTH OF STAY IN lb c. CITY, TOWN. OR LOCATION 

LE. NAME OF (if not in Aoapibal, ginc atrcel addrcm) I d. STREET ADORESS 

HOSPITAL OR 

INSTITUTION 

I I 

e, IS PLACE OF DEATH INSIDE CITY LIM ITSI e. IS RESIDENCE INSIOE CITY LIMITS? I ~. IS RESIDENCE ON A FARM? 

YES � NO � YESD NDB YEs o NO � 3, PEAME OF Fir8{ Middle La.3t 4. DATE Month llau Year 

DECSASED 

(Type or print) D:jTH 

5. SEX 6. COLOR OR RACE 7 “~R~,~Ej � N~”~R ~A~R,ED � 8. DATE OF BIRTH 9, AGE (In W3T8 IF UN~R I YEAR IIF UNVSR2A W?S. 

lad birthday) JJm,* D.” non,, Jdi%+.. 

WIOOWED o DIVORCED � IOU, USUAL OCCUPATION (Qioe kind of work done NM. KIND OF BuSINESS OR INDUSTRY II. BIRTHPLACE (Slate or foreign counfru) 12. CITIZEN OF WHAT COVNFRY? 

during moat of workino liJe, men if rttired) .

~ I I I 

14. MOTHERS MAIDEN NAME 

% 

. 

5	 15. WAS DECEASED EVER IN U. S. ARMED FORCES? 16, SDCIAL SECURITY NO, 17, INFORMANT Addre88 (Y.., no. CT.I!Anowm) I ,1,,.., m., .n.r GTdati. .,wvlk, 

I I I 1. CAUSS OF DEATH [Enter onlv one cauae w line for (a), (b), and (c).] INTSRVAL 8ETWEEN 

PART 1, DEATH WAS CAUSED BY, ONSST ANO DEATli 

I,MMEDIATE CAUSE (0) _ 

Condit iom, ij anv, DUE TO (b) _
 which gut rid to


qbwe cau8c (.),


81qcing lhc un&r­
 lvmg ccuw hwf. 1 OtiE TO (c)


PART II, OTHSS SIGNIFICANT CONDITIONS CDKTRISUTING TO DEATH BUT NOT IEEUTSD TO TNE TERMINAL DISEASECONDITION GIVEN IN PART l(c) 19	 WAS AuTOPSY 

PERFORME07 

YES � NO � Oa. ACCIDENT SU ICI DE HOMICIDE 30b DESCRIBE How INJURY OCCURRED. (Enkr nature of hzjurv in Part I or Part 11 of ilem 18.) 

� •1 � 

Oc TIME OF Hour Month, Dav, Year 

INJURY a. m. 

p. m. 

~. INJURY OCCURRED 2UC. PLACE OF INJURY (e. $., in or about hen% 2Uf. CITY, TOWN. OR LOCAT ION COUNTY sTATE 

NHILE AT � ~w~;~E � /arm, fadorv, wed, o~ce bldg., etc.) 

NQRK 

her ii. I attended the deceased from , to and last saw him alive on 

Death occurred at m on the date stated above; and to the best of my knowled@, from the cauaes ate ted. 

%, SISANAT@ (Devree or title) 22b. ADDRESS 27.4 DATE SIGNED 

I 1 

BURIAL. CREMATION. 123b DATE I &. NAME OF CEMETERY OR CREMATORY [ Z3d, LOCATION (CilV, @7n. or CMJnlV) (Siatc) 

RiMOV.4L (.SPCCIJV) i 

. 

ADDRESS 125. DATE RECD. BY LOCAL REG. 126, REGISTRARS SiGNATURE 

58 
1964-1966 National Natality Survey Questionnaire 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE 

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 

WASHINGTON. D.’= -1 

UATIONAL CENTER FOR 

siEALTli STATISTICS 

iI_ 

me U. S. Public Health SerwLce is conducttiga nationalstudy of families 

havingbabies during 1966. In this study,we am particularlyinterested 

in learningabout the size and types of these families,as well as about


other fsmilycharacteristics.This informationis needed in order to


better understandthe growth end changestaking place iu our population.


Dstailedad accurateinformationof this tyy is essentialfor intelligent


planningof programsto hprove the Nation’shealth end welfare.


This nationalstudywill be based on informationobtainedfran families 

which were selectedas a samplefran among the 4 million femilieshaving a 

baby during1966. Your familywas one of those selected. Please answer 

the quastionson the folhwing pages and returnthis fom in the enclosed 

postage-fme envelope. 

As you might expect, statisticalaccuracyrequiresthat we receiveyour 

replyma those of w of the other,fsusiliesin the study. YOU maY be


assuredthat all informationwhich you reportabout yourselfand your family


will be kept completelyconfidential,iu accomiancewith regulationsof the


U. S. Public Health Service. Your coopembion in this study,which seeks


informationof importancefor the generalwelfare, is appmctitia.


M&x G. S2rk&, Ph. D. 

Chief, Divi:ionof Health 

RecordsStatistics 

NerseofChild I Dste ofBIdh FileNsmber


I I J 

66M


59

CDHFI DENT! AL IN has been am!red the Ind I vi dual � publ i shed In tho Faderml R*oI star ilay 20, 19S3 

Fe cm Approved


B“&4et B“rea” No. 68- R823


NATIONAL BIRTH SURVEY 

PART L INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR CHILDREN 

In this pavt, we are interested in knowing about all of 

the childven whick have ever been born to you, even if 

they were by a pevions marriage. 

.	 How many babies have you ever had? (Count all 4. Have you ever had any babies that were born 

those that were born alive to you at any time.) dead? 

RI (-J4 � 7 � 10 or more � NO 

1 

� 2 � 5 � 8 � YES-How many have you ever hay Number 

Number � 3 � 6 � 9 

Have you ever had any children who have died? 5. Have you ever had a miscarriage? (Do not count miscarriages or babies that were 

born=ead.) � NO 

� NO � YES-HOW many have you ever had? 

� YES-Please list below the name, sex, date 

I 

Number 

of birth, and date of death of each 

such child. 

4 

Name of child Sex Date 

Birth Death families are completed, while others expect more 

children. In your case, do you expect to have 

more children? 

� Definitely yes How many more 

‘, children b= 

of Date of 6. After each birth, some couples feel that their 

3.	 Were any of your children living away from you � Probably yes I think you will 

when your last baby was born ? (For example, probably have ? 

in the Armed Forces, living with relatives, etc.) � Probably no 

� NO � efinitely no 

� YES-Please list below the name, sex, and * 

date of birth of each such child. 

+ 

Date of 

Name of child Sex Birth 

PHS-4425- 19 (Page 2) (GO ONTO ,PART 1~ - UF.V. 3/66 

60 
PART Il. INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR FAMILY 

In this part, i?tformation is asked about the members of the family who 

lived with you when youY last baby was born. 

L	 Lkt below everyone who usually lived in your household at the time your last baby was borp. Be sure 

to list yourself, your husband (if he lived at home) and your newborn baby, as well as other children 

and relatives living with you. Unrelated persons who lived with you, and children who were away at 

school or college, should be listed. DO not include persons who lived away. (For example, Persons 

in the Armed Forces). Also, do not include persons who were only visiting temporarily at the time 

your baby was born. 

Enter your name on the first line; For each person, provide the information requested below. 

enter the names of every other Relationship to you Marital Status (for 

person who lived with you, including (husband, daughter, Date of birth persons 14 years 

your newborn baby, on the following son, father-in-law, and older). 

lines. nephew, stepson, Married Divorced 

adopted daughter, Month-Day-Year Widowed Separated 

(First name) (Last name) ek) Single (never married~ 

Yourself 

(If more space is needed, please continue on separate sheet) 

3. What was the total income of your family during 1965? 

2.	 Who was the head of your (Include all income of all members of the family listed above even 

household? if they were not living together during 1965. Include income from

� Your husband 

•l Another person 

j


Name of head 

PHs-44u- X9[Page3)


REV. 3/65


all sources such as wages, salaries, unemployment compensation, 

help from relatives, profits and fees from own business or farm, 

welfare payments, Social Security payments, etc.) 

� None 

� Under $1000 

� $1000-$1999 

� $2000-$2999 

� $3000-$3999 — 

Q $4000-$4999 

� $5000-$6999 

� $7000-$9999 

� $10,000-$14,999 

� $15,000or over. 

,.. ———. (GO ONTO PART IIt) -

61 
--------------

--------------

------------------

--------------

--------------

------------------

‘ART Ill. INFORMATION ABOUT YOURSELF 

AND YOUR HUSBAND 

In this part, information is requested about 

you and youY husband. 

1. Is this your first marriage? 

Please give the date of 

your marriage. 

I 

Month Day Year 

Please give the date of 

your &J marriage. 

I Month Dav Year 

Please give the date of 

present marriage. 

2.	 Were you employed outside your home at any 

time during your recent pregnancy ? 

� YES _ When did you stop working before 

your baby was born ? 

‘No + 

3.	 What was the highest grade (or year) of regular 

school that you ever attended? 

(Circle highest grade attended) 

None -------------------- O


Elementary i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


High School 1 2 3 4


College 1 2 3 4 5 6+


3a. Dld you finish this grade? H YES � NO 

:OMMENTS: 

s-4425-S9(Pue 4)

SEv.3/66 

PART Ill. Con. 

4.	 What was the highest grade (or year) of regular 

school that your husband ever attended? 

(Circle highest grade attended) 

None -------------------- O


Elementary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


High School 1 2 3 4


College 1 2 3 4 5 6+


4a. Did he finish this grade? I-J YES � NO 

PART IV. INFORMATION ON 

HEALTH INSURANCE 

In this payt, we are interested in finding out whether 

you were covered by health insurance at any time duriW Ywr Yecentpregnancy. Please report on each hind 

of health insurance protection which you had, whether 

or wt the insurance was used. 

1.	 During your recent pregnancy, did you have health 

insurance to pay for doctor’s bi Us for office 

visits or home calls? 

� YES � NO 

2.	 Did you have health insurance to pay for hospital 

care at the time of delivery? 

� YES n NO 

3.	 Did you have health insurance to pay for the 

doctor’s bill for delivery of your baby? 

� YES � NO 

PART V. PERSON COMPLETING 

THIS FORM 

Name of person completing this form 

Address 

Telephone 

Number 

GP,9 5U 5-486 

62 
1964-1966 National Infant Mortality Survey Questionnaire 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE 

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 

wASH INGToN. D.C. 20201 

~ATIONAL CENTER FOR 

HEALTH STATISTICS 

r


L 

me U. S. PPMic Health Ser’wLceis conductinga survey to obtain informaticm


about inf6ntswho died durtig 1965. We realize that this is a cliff
 icult


time; however, your help is needed in dealing with an importantproblem.


Loss of life dmong infants,especially in the first few hours or days of 

life has become a matter of increasingconcern among public health workers


in the United States. The purpose of this survey is to collect information


about the childbearingexperiencesof mothers who have lost their b~bies,


about the msdical facts related to these deaths, S@ about the personal


circumstancesof the parents of these infants. This informationis being


obtainedfor one out of every 110 infant deaths occurringthro@out the


country.


This survey is designed to provide facts urgently needed in medical and 

public health research,the results of which may contributeto saving the 

lives of babies befng born in yotm “H community. 

please completethis fonn and return it within the next five days. A self.


addressed eqvelo~ which reqyiresno postage has been provided for your 

convenience. If You do not have the exact answer to a question.please


give your best esthate.


The hformation, you provide will be given confidentialtreatment and will be 

used for statisticalpurposes only. @ published S-IY will be presented 

in such a mannerthat no individualperson or family can be identified. 

Thank you for your cooperation.


g;TJy.& 

ief, Divi”sion~f Health


Records Statistics


Nsme of Deceased Infant. File Number


13-I.-S


63

Confidentiality has been assured the imdiridual as published in the Fcdeml Register May 20, 1959 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE 

Public Health Semi.. - NCHS 

Washingtm, D.C. 20201 Form Approved 

B.B. N., 68-R783 

1965 JNFANT MORTALITY SAMPLE SURVEY 

PART I. INFORMATION ABOUT THE INFANT WHO DIED 

Was the baby in a hospital at the time of death? 3. Please list each hospital in which the baby received care, 

even if only for a brief period. (Write in name and 

� Yes � No location of each place; include hospitals in which birth 

—. and death took place.) 

Was the baby boru in a hospital? 

� Yes � No Name of Hospital City and State 

) 

I I 

PART U. INFORMATION ABOUT OTHER CHILDREN 

In this part, we are interested in knowing about all of the children 

which have ever been born to you, includi?g the infant who died. 

How many babies have you ever had, including the 3. Have you ever had any babies that were born dead?


baby who died? (Count all thoee that were born alive


to you at any time.) � No � Yes


1 Number 

� 1 � 4 � l’/ � 10 or more How many have you ever had? El 

� 2 � 15 � 8 4. Have you ever had a miscarriage? 

�	 3 � 6 � 9. 

& � No � Yes 

. Were any of your children Iivtig away from you at I Number 

the time of birth of the baby who died? (For example, How many have you ever had? El — living with relatives, etc.) 5. Have you ever had any other children who have died? 

� No •1 Yfs (Do not count miscarriages or babies that were born 

dead~ 

, 

Please list below the name, sex, � No •l Yes and date of birth of each child 

livimg away from you. !

Please list below the name, sex, 

1 date of birth and date of death of 

Date of Birth each such child. Name of Child Sex Month-Day-Year Date of Death 

PHS-4670 -15 (pLI& 2) 

Rev. 2-65 

64 
PART III. INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR FAMILY 

In this part, information is asked about the members of the family 

who lived m“th you at the time of birth of the baby who died. 

List below everyone who usually lived in your household at tie time your baby was born. Be sure to list yourself, 

your husbaad (if he 3ived a=me~ well as other children and relatives iiving with you. Unrefated persons who 

lived witi you, and children who were temporarily away at school or college, should be iisted. Do not include persons 

who fived away. (For example, do not include persons in the Armed Forces.) Aleo 7__do not include persons who were 

only visitiig temporarily at the time your baby was born. 

nter your name on tie second line; 

nter the name of each person who 

.ved with you on the following lines 

(Last Name) (First Name) 

For each 

Relationship to the 

dead child (father, 

sieter, aunt, cousin, 

grandfather, lodger, 

etc.) 

Deceased Infant 

MOTHER 

person, provide the 

Date of Birth 

Month-Day-Year 

information requested below 

Marital Status Date of first 

(for persons 14 marriage for 

yeare and older) each person 

Married Divorced who wss ever 

Widowed Separated married. 

Single (never 

married) Month-Dsy-Year 

(IF MORE SPACE IS NEEDED, PLEASE CONTINfJE ON EACK PAGE) 

. Who was the head of this household? 4. What was the total income of your family during 

1964? (Include all income such as wages, salaries, 

� The child’s father unemployment compensation, help from relatives, etc., 

received by all members of the family you have 

•l Another person iisted above.) 

\ 

Name of head � None � $4,000-$4,999 

� Under $1,000 Q $5,000-$6,999 

Have you been married more than once? 

� $1,000-$1,999 c1 $7,000-$9,999 

� No � Yes _ Write in date of 

present marriage. � $2,000-$2,999 n $io,ooo-$14,999 

Month Day Year n $3,000-$3,999 El $15,000 or more 

1 

PLEASE CONTINUE ON BACK PAGE 

PHS-4670-7
 (page3)


Rev.2-65


65

--------------

--------------

------------------

--------------

--------------

-----------------

PART V. INFORMATION ON 

HEALTH INSURANCE 

PART lV. INFORMATKJN ABOUT THE 

INFANT’S MOTHER AND FATHER 

In this payt, we are interested in finding C@ whethev 

you weve coveyed by health insuvance at any time during yOUYYecentpvegnancy. Please repoyt on each kiwi 

of health insuyance protection which you had, whethev 

1.	 Were you employed outside your home at any or notthe insuyance was used. 

time during your recent pregnancy ? 

1. During your recent pregnancy, did you have health 

� YES_ When did you stop working before insurance to pay for doctor’s bills for office 

your baby was born ? visits or home calls? 

� NO 1 

Month Day Year � YES � NO 

2. Did you have health insurance to pay for hospital 

2. What was the highest grade (or year) of regular care at the time of ‘delivery? 

school	 that you ever attended? a YES � NO 

(Circle highest grade attended) 

None -------------------- 0 3. Did you have health insurance to pay for the 

Elementary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 doctor’s bill for delivery of your baby? 

High School 1 2 3 4


College 1 2 3 4 5 6+ � YES � NO


2a. Did you finish this grade? � YES U NO 

PART VI. PERSON COMPLETING 

THIS FORM 

3. What was the highest grade (or year) of regular 

school	 that the child’s father ever attended? 

Name of person completing this form 

(Circle highest grade attended) 

None -------------------- r) Address 

Elementary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

High School 1 2 3 4 

College 1 2 3 4 5 & Telephone Number 

3a. Did he= this grade? ~ YES � NO 

COMMENTS 

PHS-4670-15 (page 4) 

Rev. 2-65 

66 
1964-1965 National Infant Mortality Survey Hospital Fort-n 

CONFIDENTSALITY ha. b... .ssumd &. individual u published k h. F.d.ml R.gi.ter M.y 20.1959 

DEPARTMENT OF lIEALTH, EDUCdT!ON, AND WELFARE 

Public tie mkh S.,,,., - NCHS 1Form Arwc..ed 

W.sbi.gm., D. c. 20201 I B.@ But,,” No. 68.R783 

NATfONAL MORTALITY SAMPLE SURVEY - 1965 

Hospital Report on Infant Death 

Name of deceased infant File Number 

Date of birth Date of death 

Na’me of infant’s mother 

Residence of mother 

Hospital or institution to 

which request directed 

(Name) (Location) 

— 

PART I. INFORMATION ON DECEASED JNFANT FROM HOSPITAL WfIfCH PROVfDED CARE 

A. The birth of the infanti Please provide the following information about the birth of the infant if available from your records. 

1.	 Length of pregnancy completed weeke (OR Date of last menses ) 

Month, Day, Year 

2. Weight at birth lb. oz. (OR Grams) 

B. Pericde of care of the infant Please complete a section below for each episode of care at this hospital. IF BIRTH 

DID NOT OCCUR IN THIS HOSPITAL, CHECR HERE � and begin with episode If below. 

Periods 

of Care 

Admitted 

on 

Discharged Final Dmgnoses Operations 

Performed 

D CHE:: IF diScharge by death; OR 

specify dates 

(Bi~th Birth date Month 

Episode) Day 

Year 

� CHECR IF newborn without


immaturity, birth injury, defec<


or disease. Check if none �


lonth flonth 

II lay hy 

‘ear 

Check if none � 

honth bfonth 

m )ay Day 

‘ear Year 

Check if none � 

PH3-467 C-23 P IASE TUSN PAGE ID w“. 245 
PART IL CARE OF THE DECEASED INFANT IN OTHER HOSPITAH OR MEDICAL FACILITIES 

According to your records or to your pereonal knowledge, was the deceased infant a patient in any other hospital or medical 

Institution during its life span? (The birth epieode ie of particular importance, if tbie did not occur at year hospital.) 

� YES � Unknown 

1 Please list below each other hospital or institution in which the deceased infant received care, 

OTHER HOSPITALS OR MEDICAL FACILITIES IN WHICH 

THE DECEASED CHILD WAS A PATIENT 

1.	 Name of HospitaI or Institution 

Street Address 

City or Place State 

Approximate Discharge Date 

2. Name of Hospital or Institution 

Street	 Address


City or Place State


Approximate Discharge Date


REMARKS 

Signature of person completing this form


Name of this hospital or institution


Your position in this hospital or institution


PHS-467 C-23 (Pa,. 2) 

68 
VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS PUBLICATION SERIES 

Formerly Public Health Service Publication No. 1000 

Series 1. programs and collection &rocedures.— Reports which describe the general programs of the National 

Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions, data collection methods used, definitions, 

and other material necessary for understanding the data. 

Series 2.	 Data evaluation and methods veseavch.— Studies of new statistical methodology including experimental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analytical 

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, contributions to statistical theory. 

Series 3. Analytical studies. -Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies basedon vital and health 

statistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository q-pes of reports in the other series. 

Series 4. Documents and committee reports.— Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and 

health statistics, and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revised 

birth and death certificates. 

Se?+es 10.	 Data from the Health Interview Swrvev.— Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use 

of hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, based on data 

collected in a continuing national household interview survey. 

Sm”es 11. Daia from the Health Examination Survey. —Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement of national samples of the civilian, noninstitutional population provide the basis for two types 

of reports: (1) estimates of the medically defined prevalence of specific diseases in the United 

States and the distributions of the population with respect to physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics; and (2) analysis of relationships among the various measurements without 

reference to an explicit finite universe of persons. 

&w”es 12.	 Data from the Institutional Population Suweys -Statistics relating to the health characteristics of 

persons in institutions, and their medical, nursing, and personal care received, based on national 

samples of establishments providing these services and samples of the residents or patients. 

Series 13.	 Data fvom the Hospital Dischuvge Suvvey.— Statistics relating to discharged patienta in short-stay 

hospitals, based on a sample of patient records in a national sample of hospitals. 

Series 14.	 Datu on health vesou?ces: manpowev and facilities. —Statistics on the numbers, geographic distribution, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other health 

occupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities. 

Series 20.	 Data on morkzlity.-Various statistics on mortality other than as included in regular annual or 

monthly reports-special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables, also 

geographic and time series analyses. 

Se?+es 21.	 Data on natality, marriage, and divorce. —Various statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce 

other than as included in regular annual or monthly reports+pecial analyses by demographic 

variables, also geographic and time series analyses, studies of fertility. 

Series 22. Datu from the National Natality and Movtality Surveys.— Statistics on characteristics of births 

and deaths not available from the vital records, based on sample surveys stemming from these 

records, including such topics as mortality by socioeconomic class, hospital experience in the 

last year of life, medical care during pregnancy, health insurance coverage, etc. 

For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write to: Office of Information 

National Center for Health Statistics 

Public Health Service, HSMHA 

Rockville, Md. 20852