USGS Coastal Research, Studies, 

and Maps A Source of Information 

For Coastal Decisionmaking

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 883
Cover: California-Santa Barbara County. View looking northwest 

at end of Summerland field, showing Pliocene beds below and 

horizontal Pleistocene beds above. October 15,1906.
USGS Coastal Research, Studies, 

and Maps A Source of Information 

For Coastal Decisionmaking

J. T. SUN, editor

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 883 

A directory of USCS coastal activities 1976-1981

1985
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

DONALD PAUL MODEL, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Geological Survey (U.S.)

USGS coastal research, studies, and maps a source of information for coastal decisionmaking.

(Geological Survey circular ; 883)

"An update of U.S. Geological Survey bulletin 1428, Directory to U.S. Geological Survey activities in

coastal areas, 1974-76" Introd. 

Bibliography: p. 

Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.4/2:883 

1. Coasts Research United States. 2. Geological Survey (U.S.) I. Sun, J. T. (John T.) II. Title. III.

Title: U.S.G.S. coastal research, studies, and maps. IV. Series. 

QE75.C5 no. 883 557.3s [551.4'57'072073] 82-600309 [GB460.A2]

Free on application to Distribution Branch, Text Products Section, 

U.S. Geological Survey, 604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304
CONTENTS

Introduction _____________________________

Coastal zone management an overview ___._. 

CZMA and earth science information needs ....

Organization of this circular ..__._____.__..

Acknowledgments ______________________

Part 1. National and regional activities ..........

National mapping ______________________

Topographic maps .......----------.

Land-use and land-cover maps .........

Topographic-bathymetric (topo-bathy) maps .

Orthophotographic products _......----.

Map byproducts and services ___________

Geologic and water-resources investigations and 

research ___________________________

Mineral and energy resources appraisals ...

Studies of earthquakes and other catastrophic 

geologic events....................

Environmental conditions and geologic hazards

General hydrologic studies and data collection, 

analysis and dissemination ............

Page 

1

1

2

3

3

7

7

7

9

9

10

11

12

Part 1. National and regional activities Continued

Geologic and water resources investigations and research Continued

Water quality, sedimentation,and geochemical 

studies.......................... 13

Estuarine and marine studies .......... 13

Ground-water studies ................ 14

Surface-water studies ................ 14

Regional geologic and hydrologic surveys and 

mapping. ________________________ 15

Regulatory responsibilities and related programs . 16 

Earth sciences application activities ......... 17

Part 2. Activities applicable to coastal States ..... 20

Pacific States and Alaska ________________ 21

Atlantic and Gulf States ................. 37

The Great Lakes ...................... 68

Appendix 1. U.S. Geological Survey divisions for earth

sciences activities ...................... 76

Appendix 2. Sources of further information for coastal

States .............................. 77

TABLE

TABLE 1. Topographic map series

in
INTRODUCTION

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Maryland-Calvert County. Chesapeake formation on the shore of Chesapeake Bay at Cove Point, looking south, ca. 1891.
USGS Coastal Research, Studies, and

Maps A Source of Information for

Coastal Decisionmaking

By J. T. Sun, Editor

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a bureau 

of the U.S. Department of the Interior, is the 

Federal Government's leading earth science programs and research agency. It carries out numerous activities in the Nation's coastal zone, with the 

overall objective of providing better information 

about earth resources, in order to enable more informed decisions to be made on their use and conservation.

During 1970-80, in part because of the Coastal 

Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA), there 

have been unprecedented increases in Federal and 

State programs designed specifically for managing 

land and water resources in the coastal zone. Consequently, there now exists an established network of coastal zone decisionmaking processes 

that have demonstrated needs for earth science information.

Under the CZMA, Federal agencies having activities in the coastal zone are required to participate in the development of State coastal management programs by providing needed information 

and available technical assistance. In addition, 

Federal agencies are required to review and comment on the final drafts of State programs when 

they are submitted for Federal approval to the 

Department of Commerce. Furthermore, after a 

State program has received Federal approval, 

Federal agencies are required to conduct activities 

directly affecting the coastal zone in a manner consistent with the State's program. To meet these 

responsibilities, the U.S. Geological Survey in 

September 1976 established a new office for coordinating its involvements with the CZMA.

Through this office, which has been staffed since 

March 1977, the USGS has responded to the needs 

for close coordination with the coastal States and 

other key Federal agencies on activities relating 

to or stemming from the CZMA.

The primary purpose of this publication is to inform those engaged in coastal zone management 

programs about USGS projects and activities that 

may be helpful to their decisionmaking needs. As 

a directory, description of USGS activities in this 

publication is meant to serve only as initial leads 

to those with further interest in the details of various USGS projects and activities. It is hoped 

that, through the use of this publication, anyone 

with information needs relating to the projects 

and activities described herein will be provided 

with a clear source from which useful information 

can be obtained or developed.

This publication is an update of U.S. Geological 

Survey Bulletin 1428, Directory to U.S. Geological Survey Activities in Coastal Areas, 1974-76, 

published in July 1976. Information in this publication was compiled prior to October 1, 1981 and, 

therefore, all references to USGS and State programs and project status were current only as of 

that date. Users of this publication are encouraged to consult the earlier document for similarly 

useful information.

COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT AN OVERVIEW

The development of the coastal zone began with 

the first contingent of colonists arriving on American shores. Through the years, the coastal zone 

has remained the most populated and developed 

sector of the Nation.
Coastal areas attract development because of 

their natural amenities. Ironically, coastal ecosystems such as beaches, wetlands, and estuaries are 

also susceptible to permanent damage when altered by development. Such damage frequently 

means destruction of habitat or breeding grounds 

for economically important fishery and wildlife resources. More significantly, improper development 

may also contribute to unwarranted losses of 

properties and lives in areas of flooding or other 

coastal hazards.

As development in the coastal zone grew in intensity and complexity, governments at all levels 

responded with programs to deal with various developmental problems. By the mid-1960's, however, there was increasing public recognition that 

piecemeal and uncoordinated actions were not 

sufficient and that a comprehensive national effort 

would be needed for proper management of the 

coastal zone.

In 1967, President Johnson responded to the 

call for Federal involvement in comprehensive 

coastal zone management by establishing the 

Stratton Commission to develop recommendations 

for legislation and programs. Based substantially 

on the Stratton Commission recommendations, 

Congress considered several alternative coastal 

zone management bills during 1970-72. In October 

1972, the CZMA was finally passed and signed 

into law by President Nixon. Subsequently, in 

November 1973, Federal funds for development 

and implementation of coastal zone management 

programs by coastal States were made available.

The CZMA underwent significant amendment in 

1976 and 1980. During the same time, 26 of the 35 

States and territories eligible to receive Federal 

funding under the CZMA have put into place Federally approved coastal zone management programs. In these 26 States and territories (see part 

2 of this publication for details), decisionmaking 

processes are being implemented by designated 

State and local agencies regarding the use and 

protection of coastal land and water resources. In 

the near future, several of the remaining States 

are also expected to receive Federal approval for 

their coastal zone management programs. Even 

States which do not yet have federally approved 

programs have nevertheless developed coastal decisionmaking processes similar to those prescribed 

in the CZMA. In short, major decisions on the use 

and conservation of coastal resources today, unlike in times prior to the CZMA, cannot be made

without first becoming involved in one or more of 

the State or local coastal zone management processes.

CZMA AND EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATION NEEDS

The CZMA, as amended through 1980, calls 

upon coastal States to accomplish a wide variety 

of management objectives through their CZM programs. These include

(a) protection of natural resources, including 

wetlands, floodplains, estuaries, beaches, 

dunes, barrier islands, coral reefs, and fish 

and wildlife habitats; and

(b) management of coastal developments in 

flood-prone, storm- surge, geological hazard, and erosion - prone areas and 

other areas of subsidence and saltwater intrusion in order to minimize loss of property and life.

While it is beyond the scope of this circular to ascertain the specific earth - science requirements of 

each State's coastal zone management program, the 

information it provides will be useful to the coastal 

States in meeting their management objectives as 

follows:

 inventory of coastal land and water resource 

areas of special scientific and biological significance;

 identification of areas with existing and (or) 

potential excessive runoff, sedimentation, 

and pollutants discharge;

 identification of areas with erosion and flooding problems;

 an assessment of the effects on water quality 

of dredging, filling, spoil disposal, and construction activities, in wetlands, estuaries, 

and other coastal water resource areas;

 identification and evaluation of areas with 

coastal hazards, including information on 

characteristics of soils, bluff or beach erosion rates, wave and tidal action, ground 

and surface water conditions and variations, and potential for earthquakes, landsliding, slumping, and subsidence.

 information and/or maps relating to shoreland areas including slope stability, 

habitats, basic geology, littoral drift, coastal flooding, and erosion and subsidence 

hazards;

 identification of areas with significant oil and 

gas, sand and gravel, and other mineral 

deposits of strategic and (or) economic 

value.
ORGANIZATION OF THIS CIRCULAR

USGS activities are described in two parts in 

this circular: Part 1 describes "National and Regional Activities"; Part 2, "Activities Applicable to 

States."

Although USGS activities are described in two 

parts, the parts are not mutually exclusive. Most 

national and regional programs cover geographic 

areas broader than the coastal zone, but many 

nonetheless have special focus on or application in 

a particular coastal State. In addition, although 

USGS activities are intended primarily to address 

national needs and concerns, certain programs or 

projects may also help to meet the needs of a 

State or locality. Furthermore, some USGS activities, although parts of national or regional programs, are performed with the participation or 

cooperation of State and (or) local agencies that 

have shared objectives.

Activities described in part 1 include topographic mapping and related research, geologic and 

water resources investigations and research, interdisciplinary earth - science application efforts, 

and regulatory functions relating to the Outer 

Continental Shelf (OCS) and other Federal lands.

Part 2 describes specific projects or information 

products that may be applicable to the coastal 

management needs of the States. In most cases, 

these projects and products will be more useful to 

State and local management agencies with further 

interpretation and analysis. The specific purpose 

of part 2, therefore, is to assist State and local 

planners and managers in determining whether, 

and if so how, their information needs may be derived or developed from USGS projects or products applicable to their States.

Four categories of USGS activity are described 

in part 2: (1) topo-bathy maps, (2) geologic 

studies, (3) water-resources studies, and (4) 

earth - sciences application studies. In some 

States, however, there may be no applicable activities in one or more of the categories.

To assist those interested in obtaining further 

information about the USGS activities described 

for each State, an initial contact source is identified for each category of activity listed. This contact can, when necessary, refer inquiries to the 

office or staff person directly responsible for the 

study from which further information is being requested.

Information on the organizational structure of 

the USGS and the division of its earth - science 

responsibilities is provided in the appendix. Circular readers will be able to use the information to 

obtain additional data or other relevant information on activities covered in this directory.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This circular is the product of teamwork by 

many USGS staff members. John T. Sun coordinated the overall preparation and, in addition, 

provided descriptions of national and State coastal 

management activities. Contributions by 

Raymond L. Beittel, Gilbert Corwin, Melvin Y. 

Ellis, and Warren G. Leve were essential to adequate description of USGS earth science activities. Others whose efforts were vital are Joyce 

Bachman, Paul F. Clarke, Pamela Hatfield, Judy 

Wilson, and Robert Schoen. Perry F. Narten, 

Priscilla W. Woll, and Louis A. Yost also provided 

invaluable advice and assistance.
PART I

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Alaska-Alaska Gulf Region-Valdez District. Columbia Glacier, Prince William Sound. The George W. Elder. June 25, 1899.
TABLE 1. -- TOPOGRAPHIC MAP SERIES

Series

7^-minute

15-minute

County

1:100,000 (Metric)

1:250,000

1:500,000

1:1,000,000

Scale

1 1:20,000 

1:20,000

1:24,000

1:25,000

1:25,000

1:50,000

1:62,500

21:63,360

1:50,000

1:100,000

1:100,000

1:250,000

1:500,000

1:1,000,000

Ground distance 

represented by 1 in

About 1,667 

About 1,667

2,000ft

About 2,083 ft

About 2,083 ft

About .8 mi

Nearly 1 mi

1 mi

About .8 mi

About 1.6 mi

About 1.6 mi

Nearly 4 mi

Nearly 8 mi

Nearly 16 mi

Format (latitude x 

longitude)

7£ x 7^- min

37* x 7* min

7^- x 7^- min

7^x15 min

15 x 20-36 min

15 x 15 min

15x20-36 min

County

County

30 min x 1°

.r,r

State

34° x 6°

Area (m 12)

71 

71

49-71

71

98-142

207-281

197-182

207-281

Varies

Varies

1,590-2,163

^6,221-8,669

Varies

373,734-102,759

1 Puerto Rico

2 Maps of Alaska and Hawaii vary from these standards.

3 Alaska
PARTI 

NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ACTIVITIES

NATIONAL MAPPING

The USGS under its National Mapping Program 

publishes a number of standard and special map 

series. All map series contain coastal zone coverage, although the extent of coverage in each coastal State varies. One special product, the topographic bathymetric map, is specifically designed 

for coastal areas.

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

Topographic maps are designed for general use. 

They show the shape of the land, drainage patterns and woodland, transportation networks and 

facilities, and other cultural features. Table 1 lists 

the major categories of topographic maps and their 

scales.

Except for the Trust Territories of the Pacific 

and parts of Alaska, the coastal areas not yet 

covered by 7%-min maps are covered by less 

up-to-date 15 min topographic maps; most of 

which are more than 25 years old. However, some 

more recent maps have been compiled to TVz min 

accuracy standards. Except in Alaska, new 

TMz-min maps are being compiled for nearly all 

coastal areas currently covered only by 15-min 

maps. Revision of 7l/2 min maps is underway in 

about a dozen coastal States. In Alaska, 7% - min 

mapping is in progress in the Kenai Peninsula and 

on Kodiak Island. New 15-min mapping is in 

progress from the Granite Range to Yakutat Bay 

and around Pavlof Bay. The majority of the Aleutian Islands are not yet covered by either series.

The intermediate scale maps include the 

1:50,000- and 1:100,000-scale county - format 

maps, the 1:100,000-scale quadrangles covering 

30 min of latitude and 1° of longitude, and 

1:50,000 - scale 15-min quadrangles in selected 

areas. Published topographic maps of coastal 

counties are 

1:50,000-scale

Delaware, Pa.

Erie, Pa.

Fairfield, Conn.

Middlesex, Conn.

New Haven, Conn.

New London, Conn.

Stafford, Va.

1:100,000-scale 

King, Wash. 

Sonoma, Calif.

Topographic county maps at the 1:100,000 scale 

are in progress for Hawaii and for coastal areas in 

the conterminous States except North Carolina 

and Oregon. Planimetric county maps at the 

1:100,000 scale are in progress for many coastal 

areas in the conterminous United States. These 

planimetric maps are published by the U.S. Soil 

Conservation Service, but diazo copies are available from the USGS.

Currently there are published 1:200,000 - scale 

quadrangles of coastal areas in Alabama, California, Florida, Louisiana, Minnesota, Oregon, 

Washington, and Wisconsin. A few planimetric 

versions are available for California, Connecticut, 

Delaware, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode 

Island, and Texas. New 1:100,000-scale topographic mapping of areas not yet covered at that 

scale is in progress along the west coast and along 

nearly all of the east and gulf coasts from Massachusetts through Texas, with scattered projects 

in Maine and in the Great Lakes States.

Nationwide coverage, including the complete 

coastal zone, is provided by the 1:250,000 - scale 

topographic map series. Revision is in progress on 

1:250,000 - scale topographic maps that cover 

coastal areas in Alabama, Alaska, California, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, 

Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, 

Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, North 

Carolina, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Rhode Island, 

Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Other series include 1:500,000- and 

1:100,000-scale State maps, the 

1:1,000,000-scale International Map of the World 

(IMW) sheets, and national park maps at various 

scales. The State maps are available in three editions base or planimetric, topographic, and 

shaded relief (for a three-dimensional effect) in 

areas with sufficient ranges of elevation. The 

IMW sheets are topographic quadrangles that use 

color gradients to distinguish ranges of elevation 

and that show topography and bathymetry in metric units. The national park series provides coverage for selected national parks, monuments, 

seashores, and historical sites. Many of these 

maps are available with shaded relief. National
park maps (published or in progress) of coastal 

areas include

Acadia National Park, Maine

Channel Islands National Monument, Calif.

Colonial National Historical Park, Va.

Indiana Dunes National Lakeshores, Ind.

Isle Royale National Park, Mich.

Olympic National Park, Wash.

Potomac River area parks, District of 

Columbia, Maryland, Virginia

Point Reyes National Seashore, Calif.

Besides the standard topographic maps, a 

number of special items and byproduct maps are 

available, which include aerial photographs, satellite images and products, slope maps, and 

large-scale maps (1:1,200 to 1:6,000); aerial 

photographic coverage for areas of 7Vfe min topographic and orthophotographic quadrangle 

maps; and reproducible copies of each of the separate drawings that were combined to make the 

published maps.

LAND-USE AND LAND-COVER MAPS

The USGS is currently engaged in a nationwide 

effort in land-use and land-cover mapping and 

data compilation. While most of the maps are 

based on the 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, a few 

are at the scale of 1:100,000, and experimentation 

is underway on land-use and land-cover mapping at larger scales. Research in the design of automatic techniques for land-use and land-cover 

mapping using remotely sensed data will probably 

improve the efficiency of land-use and 

land-cover mapping and the detection of 

land use change.

Land use and land cover are categorized according to the classification presented in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 964 (Anderson and 

others, 1976). All urban and built-up features, 

feedlots, water surfaces, and strip mines, quarries, and gravel pits are being mapped using 

10 acre (4 ha) minimum mapping units, while 

other land features are being mapped in 40 acre 

(16 - ha) minimum mapping units.

Land-use and land-cover maps are available 

at 1:250,000 scale for all of the Atlantic and gulf 

coast quadrangles, for most of the west coast 

quadrangles, and for about 40 percent of the 

Great - Lakes - area quadrangles. Gaps in the 

1:250,000-scale coverage of the west coast are 

filled by 1:100,000-scale maps. Also, Hawaii is 

covered by 1:100,000-scale land-use and

land-cover maps. The Alaskan coast, American 

Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Trust Territories 

of the Pacific, and the Virgin Islands are not 

covered.

In addition to land - use and land - cover maps, 

some areas are covered by associated overlays 

showing political units, hydrologic units, census 

county subdivisions, and Federal or State land 

ownership.

TOPOGRAPHIC-BATHYMETRIC MAPS

The USGS and the National Ocean Survey 

(NOS) are combining topographic and bathymetric 

information on coastal area maps. These topographic-bathymetric (topo-bathy) maps contain 

the bathymetric contours, mean high-water line, 

mean low-water line, and other hydrographic 

data normally depicted on NOS products. 

Topo-bathy maps are designed to serve the 

specific needs of users in management of the coastal zone, the wetlands, and the offshore environment. Because they were developed for coastal 

areas, published topo-bathy maps are listed 

under individual State names in Part 2.

ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS

Orthophotographic products include orthophotomaps and orthophotoquads prepared from 

aerial photographs in the IVz - min format. Images 

are processed to eliminate distortion and to display each feature in its correct geographic position. Orthophotomaps combine these images with 

topographic data, and are published as part of the 

standard 7Vfe min topographic map series. Orthophotoquads usually are monochrome and contain little or no cartographic drawing or lettering. 

Orthophotoquads are used as interim products for 

unmapped areas and as companions to published 

maps. They often show the subtle changes in vegetation that may identify the margins of wetlands 

and certain other vegetative communities. Specific 

land-use patterns can also be identified and delineated with a great degree of accuracy.

Although not all orthophotoquads are published, 

photographic and (or) diazo copies are available. 

Currently some type of orthophotoquad is available for the entire coastal area of Connecticut, 

Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Rhode Island 

and for some coastal areas in Alabama, California, 

Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, 

Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Texas, Virginia, 

Washington, and Wisconsin.
MAP BYPRODUCTS AND SERVICES

DIGITAL MAP DATA

Digital cartographic data for some of the 

1:250,000-scale topographic maps are available. 

A digital base with two data categories is being 

developed for the 7l/2 - min quadrangles. The first 

category, digital line graph (DLG), includes 

planimetric base categories such as transportation, hydrography, and boundaries. The second, 

digital elevation model (DEM), consists of a sampled array of elevations for a number of ground 

positions that are usually, but not always, at regularly spaced intervals. Currently available 

data-base files for coastal areas include areas 

around Biloxi, Miss.; Cape Flatery, Wash.; the 

Columbia River Basin, Oreg.-Wash.; Klamath, 

Malibu Beach, San Mateo, and Santa Rosa, Calif.; 

Newark, N.J.; Toledo, Oreg.; and Cape Cod, 

Mass.

Land - use and land - cover information is being 

recorded on digital tapes to facilitate handling of 

the data in conjunction with other data sets for 

the study of problems related to land use. Computer programs for geographic information systems are being developed to support land-use 

data processing and techniques for the manipulation and overlay of other information, such as census data, on the digitized land-use data sets. 

Summary tabulations of land use are produced for 

the data presented in the associated maps compiled in conjunction with the land-use and 

land - cover maps.

CARTOGRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

A major element of the National Mapping Program is the National Cartographic Information 

Center (NCIC), which provides a central location 

from which to obtain information about cartographic and geographic data available for the U.S. 

NCIC collects, organizes, and distributes, without 

charge, information about the maps, charts, aerial 

photographs, survey monuments, and related cartographic and geographic data available from Federal and State Government agencies and private 

sources. Information can be obtained by writing to 

the National Cartographic Information Center, 

U.S. Geological Survey, 507 National Center, Reston, VA 22092, or by telephoning (703) 860-6045 

(FTS 928-6045) from 8:00 a.m. to 4:15 p.m. e.s.t., 

Monday through Friday. A telephone answering 

and recording service is provided at all other

times. Regional and State affiliates are listed in 

appendix 2 of this circular.

MAP SALES INDEXES

Indexes showing published topographic and 

land - use and land - cover maps are available free 

of charge. There are indexes to topographic maps 

in each State and American Samoa, Guam, Puerto 

Rico, and the Virgin Islands. These indexes contain lists of special maps and addresses of local 

map reference libraries, local map dealers, and 

USGS map distribution centers. Indexes can be 

obtained from the map distribution centers listed 

in appendix 2.

COASTAL MAPPING HANDBOOK

Developed jointly with the National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Coastal 

Mapping Handbook provides information about 

mapping products and sources of data and technical assistance. It assists coastal users in determining their mapping requirements, selecting the 

best maps and charts for their particular needs, 

and communicating effectively with data - producing organizations. The handbook is sold by the 

U.S. Government Printing Office, over the 

counter by USGS Public Inquiries Offices, and by 

the USGS text products section (see appendix 2).

GEOLOGIC AND WATER-RESOURCES 

INVESTIGATIONS AND RESEARCH

In general, these activities may fall into one or 

more of the following categories: mineral and energy resources appraisals; studies of earthquakes 

and other catastrophic geologic events; environmental conditions and geologic hazards; general 

hydrologic studies and data collection; water quality, sedimentation, and geochemical studies; estuarine and marine studies; ground - water investigations; surface-water studies; and regional 

geologic and hydrologic surveys and mapping. 

Each is discussed below.

MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES APPRAISALS

The USGS conducts resource appraisals of three 

types: (1) national inventories of the distribution 

and development of geologic resources for use in 

formulating minerals policies and identifying areas 

that merit more detailed study; (2) regional appraisals of resource potentials for use in making 

decisions on general land use and guiding mineral
prospecting; and (3) detailed geoscience investigations for use in gaining a better understanding of 

the geologic conditions that form mineral deposits, 

improving the efficiency of exploration methods, 

meeting specific national needs, and classifying 

public lands.

National inventories require the maintenance of 

data banks, maps, and graphics that provide information on such important mineral resources as oil; 

gas; beach placers of gold, thorium and chromium; 

geothermal steam; and sand and gravel. Geologic 

agencies of several coastal States currently participate in maintenance of these national inventories.

Many regional appraisals are devoted to large 

areas of special mineral potentials, while others 

involve the systematic study and resource mapping of lands within the limits of a specific USGS 

quadrangle map. Of the former, a focus of particular interest in the coastal zone is assessment of 

the Nation's Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) oil and 

gas potentials, adding to the background information needed to plan for the possible onshore and 

nearshore impact of future exploration, development, and production efforts. On land much of the 

regional appraisal effort has recently been consolidated into a "Conterminous United States Mineral 

Resources Assessment Program (CUSMAP)" and 

the companion "Alaska Mineral Resources Assessment Program (AMRAP)." The purpose of these 

two programs is to update and increase the detail 

of the Nation's mineral - resources inventory 

through systematic quadrangle mapping. Current 

work on specific maps applicable to individual 

coastal States is described in part 2 of this circular. Several States have interest in regional energy-resource appraisals of OCS areas along the 

Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific, and Alaskan 

coasts.

These detailed resource investigations include 

specialized geophysical, geochemical, paleontologic, and geotechnical research. Also investigated are specific mineral deposits in areas and at 

sites that have been nominated for wilderness or 

other special use and must be classified with regard to their mineral values. Some examples of 

these investigations are listed below.

NATIONAL AND REGIONAL MINERAL RESOURCE STUDIES

Initial contact: Geologic Inquiries Group, 907 National Center, Reston, VA 22092; (703)860-6517.

Title: a. Offshore U.S. Oil and Gas Resource Assessment 

b. Onshore Oil and Gas Resource Assessment

Status: Continuing

Investigators: a. R. B. Powers 

b. G. L. Dolton

Title: Petroleum Potential of the U.S. Atlantic Continental Margin

Status: Continuing 

Investigator: R. E. Mattick

Title: Petroleum Geology of the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coast

Shelves

Status: Continuing 

Investigator: M. M. Ball

Title: Resource Assessments of the Northern, Central and

Southern Atlantic Continental Margins 

Status: Continuing 

Investigators: J. S. Schlee, J. A. Grow, and D. W. Dillon

Title: Resource Assessments of the U.S. Pacific Continental

Margin

Status: Continuing 

Investigators: J. G. Vedder, S. H. Clark, P. D. Snavely, Jr.,

and D. S. McCulloch

Title: Resource Assessments of the Alaskan Continental Margin

Status: Continuing

Investigators: T.R. Bruns, G. Plafker, R.E. Von Huene, D. 

W. Scholl, A. K. Cooper, M. S. Marlow, M. A. Fisher, 

and A. Grantz

Title: Petroleum Geology of the U.S. Pacific Continental Margin

Status: Continuing 

Investigators: D. G. Howell, H. E. Cook, H. McLean

Title: Petroleum Geology of the Alaskan U.S. Continental

Margin

Status: Continuing 

Investigators: K. J. Bird and L. B. Magoon

Title: Resource Assessment of the Gulf of Mexico Continental

Margin of the U.S. 

Status: Continuing 

Investigator: R. G. Martin

STUDIES OF EARTHQUAKES, AND OTHER CATASTROPHIC 

GEOLOGIC EVENTS

Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides 

occur frequently in many areas of the coastal zone 

where foundation conditions tend to be less stable. 

In recent years, coastal Alaska, California, and 

Washington have experienced damaging earthquakes. Both Oregon and Washington were affected seriously as debris from the May 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens flooded into the estuary of 

the Columbia River.

USGS conducts studies of earthquakes and 

other catastrophic geologic events. It also oper10
ates active earthquake observatories (including 

the long - established Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and the new center near Mt. St. Helens in 

Washington) and represents U.S. interests in 

worldwide monitoring of seismic events. USGS 

studies of catastrophic geologic events and the environmental conditions they affect are designed to 

provide information and help mitigate the devastation of natural disasters. Major activities include 

acquisition and dissemination of information about 

occurrences of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; 

preparation of maps showing the vulnerability of 

various regions to future catastrophic events and 

on development of the capability to predict the 

time, place, and intensity of such events. Detailed 

information on the national earthquake and volcanic programs and specific events may be obtained by contacting the National Earthquake Information Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Box 

25046, Federal Center, Mail Stop 967, Denver, 

CO 80225 Phone: (303) 234-3994.

The USGS reports pertinent earthquake occurrences directly to the Pacific Tsumani Warning 

System, and, through the National Earthquake 

Information Service (NEIS), provides information 

on the location and magnitude of earthquakes, 

using data of the USGS and cooperating observatories in the global seismic network. Working 

with others, the USGS has made considerable 

progress toward forecasting some types of catastrophic geologic events, as, for example, on 

Hawaii where prediction of volcanic outbursts has 

resulted in timely evacuation of many endangered 

sites, and at Mt. St. Helens, where the knowledge 

gained is expected to be useful in lessening future 

losses of life and property near volcanoes in the 

western coastal states and Alaska. Currently 

much USGS study of potentially catastrophic 

geologic events focuses on high-risk areas in 

southern California. An example of particular relevance to the coastal zone is a study in progress 

of "Coastal Tectonics of the Western United 

States," in which displaced coastal features to determine the rates, frequencies, and degrees of deformation are associated with that region's earthquakes. Other studies seek to measure the 

amounts and rates of change of stresses in the 

Earth's crust that are thought to give rise to 

earthquakes.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

In addition to studying catastrophic geologic 

events, the USGS also conducts studies designed

to identify and evaluate environmental conditions 

that may offer risks or prove hazardous during 

earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other catastrophic events. In earthquake regions, such conditions include unstable slopes, foundation sediments that amplify shock waves or liquefy when 

shaken, and fractures in rocks along which movement may take place. The frequency and nature of 

eruptions, locations of potential vents, and presence of valleys or other channels to influence the 

direction of avalanching and lava emplacement are 

important factors in volcanic regions. Elsewhere, 

geologic hazards of concern include subsurface 

caverns that may collapse, bluffs that may be undercut by waves or other processes, soft subsurface layers that flow when overloaded, among 

others. Subsidence of ground surfaces and movement or deposition of large volumes of sediment in 

streams, along the shore, and over the seafloor 

constitute perils to structures in many coastal 

areas.

Knowledge of the nature and distribution of

geologic hazards is critical to the selection of safe 

sites for energy facilities and other projects in the 

coastal zone, especially for installations such as 

nuclear powerplants, where failure to consider 

and design around unstable foundation conditions 

could lead to spills of dangerous radioactive materials. The incentives for building taller and 

heavier structures such as city skyscrapers and 

offshore deepwater oil platforms, and for artificially developing land masses such as scenic hillsides for homes, have created needs for hazards 

information in coastal decisionmaking.

Most USGS investigations of environmental 

conditions and geologic hazards are focused on 

local areas, as described in part 2 of this Circular. 

These investigations include studies of (1) urban 

areas, such as Boston, New York, Los Angeles, 

San Francisco, and Seattle; (2) areas at high risk 

in major earthquakes, such as those around the 

San Francisco Bay, Charleston, S.C.; the Puget 

Sound; and Anchorage, Alaska; and (3) special 

areas, such as the land near Dallas, Texas, where 

subsidence is a problem, and proposed nuclearfacility sites at various places along the west 

coast. The national and regional studies listed 

below are examples of studies applicable to the interests of several coastal States. They include 

compilations of maps of regions of present or potential earth fracturing, landslide investigations, 

and OCS environmental assessments being conducted in support of the Department of the Interior's Oil and Gas Lease Management Program.

11
Title: Active Fault Map of the United States 

Status: Completed 1980 

Investigator: K. A. Howard

Title: Miscellaneous Landslide Investigations 

Status: Continuing 

Investigator: R. W. Fleming

Title: OCS Seismic Risk 

Status: Completed 1981 

Investigator: D. M. Perkins

Title: Environmental Assessments; North, Middle, and South

Atlantic Continental Margin 

Status: Continuing 

Investigators: D. M. O'Leary, J. M. Robb, and Peter Poponoe

Title: Stratigraphy of the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf to 

300m

Status: Continuing

Investigator: J. C. Hathaway

Produces): Hathaway, J. C., and others, 1979, U.S. Geological Survey core drilling on the Atlantic Shelf: Science, v. 

206, p. 515-527.

Title: Marine Geotechnical Investigations 

Status: Continuing

Investigators: J. S. Booth, M. A. Hampton, H. J. Lea, and B. 

D. Edwards

Title: Environmental Assessments of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico

Continental Margin 

Status: Continuing 

Investigators: E. A. Martin, H. L. Berryhill, C. W. Holmes,

G. L. Shideler, and L. E. Garrison

Title: Environmental Assessments of the Pacific Continental

Margin of the U.S. 

Status: Continuing 

Investigators: H. G. Green, M. E. Field, D. M. Rubin, H. E.

Clifton, and R. L. Phillips

Title: Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental

Margin

Status: Continuing 

Investigators: B. F. Molnia, P. R. Carlson, T. L. Vallier, C.

H. Nelson, R. E. Hunter, P. A. Barnes, E. Reimnitz, and

G. R. Hess

Title: Nearshore and Continental Margin Sedimentary Dynamics

Status: Continuing

Investigators: A. A. Sallenger, J. R. Dingier, D. E. Drake, D. 

A. Cacchione

Title: Nearshore and Estuarine Benthic Process Related to

Biogenic Activity in Sediments 

Status: Continuing 

Investigators: F. H. Nichols and G. W. Hill

Title: Great Lakes Research 

Status: Begun 1976, continuing 

Investigator: R. J. Wold

GENERAL HYDROLOGIC STUDIES AND DATA COLLECTION, 

ANALYSIS, AND DISSEMINATION

Comprehensive regional or basinwide studies 

covering all phases of the hydrologic cycle are 

being conducted in many areas of the coastal zone. 

These studies are designed to provide data, information, and methods required to manage water 

resources of a region or local area. Practically all 

comprehensive regional studies are made in highly 

urbanized areas to identify developmental impact 

on various parts of the hydrologic cycle. Urban 

and agricultural land uses have been rapidly replacing the original natural ecosystems. The resulting greatly increased demand for water has 

created imbalances along freshwater-saltwater 

boundaries. These imbalances cause contamination 

of freshwater aquifers by landward - moving salty 

water.

Some of the general hydrologic studies emphasize a particular bay or estuary. Intensive land 

changes due to both urban and agricultural development have greatly increased contamination 

from sewage, sediment, nutrients, and toxic trace 

elements. The bulk of these contaminants are 

dumped directly into bays and estuaries or are 

carried by rivers and streams.

To obtain the basic data needed by these and 

other water - resources studies, the USGS maintains various networks of stream - gaging stations, observation wells, and water quality and 

quantity sampling locations. Many of these networks are established in cooperation with State 

and local agencies. At present, each coastal State 

has at least one such data - collection network, 

and many of them are located in the coastal zone.

Some of the data - collection stations have been 

in operation for many years and provide seasonal 

and long-term records that aid in predicting future trends in quantity and quality of the water. 

Others are operated for varying intervals of time 

to obtain data for more intensive investigations of 

the water resources in a particular area or to identify specific problems. Many such stations are discontinued when sufficient data have been collected.

The hydrologic data collected are published annually in local or State reports and are available in 

each of the subdistrict, district, or regional offices 

of the Water-Resources Division. Most of these 

data are also stored in computerized files of the 

U.S. Geological Survey's Water Data Storage and 

Retrieval System (WATSTORE).

12
Currently (1981) these files contain data from 

approximately 16,000 stream - gaging stations, 

1,000 lakes and reservoirs, 5,200 surface water-quality stations, 1,020 sediment stations, 

30,000 water-level observation wells, and 12,500 

ground - water quality wells. This information can 

be retrieved at almost all Water Resources Division district offices either as computer-printed 

tables, computer-printed graphs, or in 

machine - readable form for use on other computers or for use as input to user-written computer programs. WATSTORE can also provide 

various statistical analyses of data in storage such 

as regression analysis, the analysis of variance, 

transformations, and correlations.

In fiscal year 1978 the USGS began a nationwide program to systematically collect and disseminate information on water use, such as how 

much water is used by different categories of 

users (municipal, domestic, industrial, thermoelectric, and agricultural), the source of this water, 

how much water is consumed during use, where 

the water is returned after use, and the effect of 

use on water quality. This program is being carried out in cooperation with States and other Federal agencies. At present, all coastal States except 

New Hampshire, the Virgin Islands, and the Territories in the Pacific have a water-use data-collection program maintained in cooperation with 

the Geological Survey. Detailed water-use data 

are also handled by WATSTORE.

WATER QUALITY, SEDIMENTATION, AND GEOCHEMICAL 

STUDIES

The USGS has been engaged in water-quality 

studies since 1911. Currently, water-quality 

measurements of streamflow to the Great Lakes, 

the Gulf of Mexico, and the oceans are collected at 

numerous gaging stations. Periodic measurements 

of suspended - sediment concentration are made 

at numerous sites in the coastal zone to define 

stream scour and deposition, beach replenishment 

and erosion, and reservoir and lake siltation. Sediment production from land developments is being 

actively studied at several sites in the coastal 

zone, as are changes in water chemistry due to 

suspended waterborne matter.

An expanding part of the USGS's water - quality research has been directed toward understanding the role of organic chemicals in water. In the 

coastal zone, this research focuses primarily on

wetlands and estuaries. Particular emphasis is 

placed on defining the impact of these chemicals 

on aquatic biology. Organic substances contain 

compounds of carbon and hydrogen and are important in water for many reasons. The bacteriological oxidation of organic carbon from natural 

sources and from municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastes is a major factor leading to the 

depletion of life - supporting oxygen in streams 

and estuaries.

One of the major national water-quality programs presently conducted by the USGS is the 

River Quality Assessment Program. This program 

is designed to systematically assess the character, 

interrelationships, and causes of river quality 

problems, determine better alternatives for 

areawide management of river quality, and demonstrate that substantial savings may be achieved 

when water-quality planning and management is 

based on sound technical information. The program provides information to aid in (1) control of 

urban and rural non-point sources of pollution, 

(2) determination of levels of treatment required 

to produce safe drinking water, and (3) maintenance of environmentally desirable stream conditions,

ESTUARINE AND MARINE STUDIES

Urbanization and developmental activities in the 

coastal zone have resulted in increasing stresses 

on estuaries and nearshore coastal waters. For example, storm runoff, sewage disposal, dredging 

and navigation improvements, construction, and 

energy - facilities siting have all resulted in hydraulic, water-quality, and biotic changes in estuaries and the nearshore marine environment. 

The USGS conducts numerous studies to identify 

and evaluate these changes and their effects. Such 

studies may cover a specific location in the coastal 

zone, but their results are applicable to problem 

solving in estuaries and marine coastal waters 

nationwide. At present, various studies are being 

conducted in two major estuaries, the Potomac 

River Estuary and the San Francisco Bay. In each 

of these two estuary systems, detailed investigations are being made of circulation patterns, 

sedimentation, water chemistry, aquatic vegetation, biological productivity, and the effects of 

manmade or natural changes on these processes. 

All of this information should be helpful to management decisionmaking on estuaries and marine 

environment elsewhere in the coastal zone.

13
Marine environmental investigations are, in 

part, oriented to support oil and gas resource appraisals in proposed lease areas. Environmental 

studies relating to ocean mining, seabed drilling, 

and coastal research are also being conducted. Objectives of these studies are (1) to characterize 

geologic hazards in the marine environment, 

namely, earthquakes, faulting, slumping, excessive erosion, and weak foundation strength, and 

(2) to identify sources, pathways, and sinks for 

contaminants on the ocean floor and their effect on 

the marine biota. A major part of this work is the 

study of coastal geologic processes such as sediment transport, water circulation, and pollutant 

dispersal. Engineering properties of the sea floor 

are being investigated in areas where tectonic 

events are frequent and where subaqueous sediments are unstable, in order to define the hazards 

associated with siting of drilling platforms and 

pipelines. Other efforts are directed toward the 

identification and distribution of nonpetroleum resources such as sand and gravel, gold, phosphates, 

manganese, and heavy minerals by means of 

geophysical, geochemical, and sedimentological 

methods.

GROUND-WATER STUDIES

A substantial quantity of rain and snow falling 

on level ground niters into the ground and recharges ground-water reservoirs. Intensive 

ground-water development in coastal areas, particularly when it is compounded with the loss of 

natural recharge due to construction, will probably induce salty ground water to move landward 

and thereby contaminate freshwater supplies. The 

problems of salt water intrusion are of serious 

concern to State and local agencies responsible for 

controlling development activities. In 1979, the 

USGS completed a study designed to investigate 

the circulation of water between submarine aquifers and nearshore coastal waters. This study (entitled "Hydrologic Oceanographic Interrelations") focused on the North Atlantic OCS, but its 

results may be applicable elsewhere in appraising 

the impact of offshore drilling on ground-water 

resources in the coastal zone. People interested in 

further details about this study may contact the 

Northeastern Regional Office, USGS Water Resources Division, 433 National Center, Reston, 

VA 22092.

USGS ground-water studies are usually done 

in close collaboration with State and county officials who frequently supply funds, manpower, facilities, and data to assist USGS personnel.

A major ground-water study conducted by the 

USGS at present is the Regional Aquifer Systems 

Analysis (RASA) program. This program is developing information on the quality and quantity 

of ground water in 12 regional ground- water 

systems, 5 of which are located in the coastal 

zone. Specific studies done under this program are 

listed in part 2 of this circular under the various 

States, where applicable.

Although each investigation is designed to fit 

the particular problems of each study area, the 

overall approach is to develop a general computer 

model of the aquifer system in each area supported by more detailed simulations of local or 

subregional problems. For example, a generalized 

model is being developed for the entire Southeastern carbonate aquifer system, with detailed models developed in Savannah, Ga., in Jacksonville, 

Fla., and other areas where the aquifer is being 

stressed by large ground-water withdrawals. 

These simulations assist in forming an understanding of the natural (prepumping) ground - water conditions and the changes brought about by 

human activities; they also provide a means of 

predicting effects of future pumpage, artificial recharge, waste disposal, and other stresses, and 

will thus supply much of the basic information important to water management.

SURFACE-WATER STUDIES

The USGS measures surface-water discharge 

to the Great Lakes, the Gulf of Mexico, and the 

oceans, and publishes the results annually for each 

State. Information contained in annual surface-water data reports is used for such purposes as evaluating the available water supply, 

determining the impact of urbanization on 

storm-water runoff, and assessing flood potential 

along a particular watercourse.

Of particular significance to the coastal zone are 

surface water studies relating to estuaries, bays, 

and coastal waterways. Because of tidal currents, 

shifting winds, and varying amounts of freshwater 

inflow, water movement in these water bodies is 

difficult to measure. For example, diverting a 

large supply of freshwater into an estuary may

14
completely alter its flow patterns, resulting in shoaling, siltation of ship channels, and unwanted 

changes in the aquatic ecosystem. Consequently, 

the USGS has developed many computer-based 

models for measuring flow in complex water 

bodies.

In many areas in the coastal zone, effluent from 

sanitary and industrial waste treatment plants is 

discharged into surface streams or directly into 

the ocean. The Federal Pollution Control Act of 

1972, amended in 1977, was enacted to protect 

streams and coastal waters from degradation of 

water quality by waste discharge. The Environmental Protection Agency established overall water-quality standards, and equal or more stringent water - quality standards have been established by each individual State.

The amount of waste that can be discharged 

into streams without degrading the water to a 

substandard level often depends on the amount of 

flow in the stream, and particularly on the minimuni, or lowest, flow that will occur during a 

specific time period. For example, streams with 

relatively high minimum flows can assimilate more 

waste than streams with relatively low minimum 

flows. The Survey conducts investigations to determine the flow characteristics of streams, including investigations of minimum (low) flows. 

This information can aid engineers and water 

managers in establishing the amount of waste that 

can be discharged into streams and coastal waters 

without violating water-quality standards.

A derivative product of surface - water studies 

that is of special significance to the coastal zone is 

the "flood-prone area" maps program, designed 

to help delineate approximate flood zones as required by the National Flood Insurance Act of 

1968. The boundaries of the 100 - year flood were 

prepared on 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic 

quadrangle maps. The 100 - year flood boundary is 

used by the Federal Insurance Administration to 

determine areas which qualify for a federally supported flood - insurance guarantee. Maps of 

flood prone areas covering nearly all urbanized 

parts of the Nation's coastal zone have been prepared, and are frequently used by planners, developers, State and local officials, and the general 

public as aids in resolving future flood - plain management problems. Copies of flood - prone - area 

maps may be obtained free from district offices of 

the USGS, Water Resources Division, located in 

each State.

In response to the needs declared in the Federal 

Disaster Protection Act of 1973 for highly detailed 

flood data to assist the Federal Insurance Administration in enforcing the Act's provisions, the 

USGS conducted flood studies of selected urban 

areas. These detailed studies are summarized in 

reports which provide 100- and 500-year flood 

boundaries on the most accurate large-scale 

maps available, as well as profiles of selected 

floods from 10-year to 500 year recurrence intervals. The study areas are divided into zones, 

each having a specific flood potential or hazard. 

The special flood-flow characteristics of each 

zone are clearly outlined in the reports.

REGIONAL GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC SURVEYS AND 

MAPPING

A fundamental aspect of all earth - science 

studies is the production of maps that display 

geologic or hydrologic data such as the distribution of rocks, soils, streams, and ground-water 

and their age, origin, and physical and structural 

interrelationships. Information summarized in this 

manner is useful in assessing resources, predicting 

environmental impacts, and planning rational use 

of the land. Several agencies of the State of 

California, for example, used USGS geologic and 

hydrologic inventory maps in their formulation of 

coastal zone planning and legislation.

The geologic mapping program produces 

geologic maps in various scales depending on their 

purpose and intended use. Common scales are 

1:2,500,000, 1:500,000, 1:250,000, 1:100,000, and 

1:24,000; less common maps are produced at scales 

of 1:63,360, 1:62,500, and 1:20,000.

Hydrologic investigation atlases that summarize 

the water resources of a specific basin or depict 

areas inundated by past floods are designed to display detailed hydrologic information using maps, 

geologic profiles, tables, graphs, and block diagrams. These atlases also include short bibliographies. Information is provided on a variety of 

hydrologic topics, including local flood stages due 

to extraordinary storms, profiles of water surfaces 

during floods, availability of ground and surface 

water, and the concentration of a given chemical 

element or compound in a particular aquifer or 

watercourse. Map scales vary widely, depending 

on the size of the study area and the need to focus 

on a particular hydrologic feature.

15
REGULATORY RESPONSIBILITIES AND RELATED 

PROGRAMS

Until January 1982 the USGS, through its Conservation Division, performed regulatory activities relating to the exploration, development, 

and production of mineral resources from leased 

Federal, Indian and Outer Continental Shelf 

(OCS) lands. On January 19, 1982, Secretary of 

the Interior James G. Watt, through secretarial 

order No. 3071, established a Minerals Management Service (MMS) that assumed all functions 

formerly performed by the Conservation Division. 

For the purpose of this circular, however, descriptions of these regulatory activities are retained in 

order to ensure uninterrupted information flow to 

users of this circular.

The regulatory mission of the new MMS is to 

assure orderly and timely development of mineral 

resources, receipt of fair market value for the resources produced, and protection of the environment. Minerals now produced from federally 

leased lands include oil, gas, coal, uranium, 

potash, sodium, phosphate, asphaltic minerals, 

and sulfur. Except for oil and gas from the OCS, 

virtually all of these minerals are produced from 

leases located outside of the coastal zone.

For administrative purposes, regulatory activities of the MMS are divided into onshore and 

offshore categories. Offshore regulatory activities, 

because of their focus on the OCS, are of particularly great interest to the coastal States. The principal law governing these offshore activities is the 

Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, as amended 

(Public Law 95-372), enacted in 1978. Supervision 

of OCS exploration, development, and production 

activities is carried out through a set of regulations and OCS operating orders that are implemented by both inspecting field operations and 

reviewing OCS plans and drilling applications before approval.

These OCS regulatory activities are closely coordinated with the coastal zone management efforts of the coastal States through the following 

related programs:

OCS OIL AND GAS INFORMATION PROGRAM

The OCS Oil and Gas Information Program 

(OCSIP) is mandated by the OCS Lands Act of 1978. 

Under OCSIP, the MMS is preparing regional indexes of OCS information and summary reports on 

current and anticipated levels of OCS activity for 

each OCS planning region.

The OCS information indexes are intended to 

provide affected States and other interested parties with a comprehensive listing of all programs, 

plans, reports, environmental impact statements, 

nominations information, and other lease - sale information for OCS leasing regions. Each regional 

index contains detailed information on the OCS 

leasing process and on the 5-Year OCS Oil and 

Gas Leasing Schedule. Each step in the OCS leasing process is described in detail and includes a 

list of relevant documents for every lease sale in 

the region.

The summary reports are designed to provide 

the States with current information on OCS activities that can be used for planning purposes. 

Each report contains information on the most recent OCS oil and gas resource and reserve estimate for the region; the magnitude and timing of 

OCS exploration, development, and production activity; oil and gas transportation strategies; and 

the nearshore and onshore activities that are occurring or probably will occur as a result of current and projected offshore activity for each of the 

lease sales.

To date, index and summary reports have been 

published for the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, 

Gulf, Pacific and Alaska (Gulf of Alaska and 

Beaufort Sea) OCS regions. Copies of these reports may be obtained from the OCS Oil and Gas 

Information Program, Minerals Management Service, Mail Stop 640, 12203 Sunrise Valley Drive, 

Reston, VA 22091.

ACTIVITIES TO FACILITATE CONSISTENCY WITH THE COASTAL 

ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT

The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA), 

Section 307(c)(3)(B), provides coastal States having federally approved CZM programs with the 

opportunity to review and concur with proposed 

OCS oil and gas activities that affect their coastal 

zones. This review process prohibits MMS from 

granting permits to conduct OCS oil and gas activities until each affected State finds those activities consistent with the provisions of its coastal 

zone management program.

To facilitate consistency determinations, the 

MMS provides the affected States with much of 

the information needed to determine whether the 

activities proposed by OCS lessees are consistent 

with objectives of their CZM programs. This information includes copies of OCS plans developed 

by lessees to conduct specific activities, reports on 

the potential environmental effects of the pro16
posed activities, and certifications that the activities proposed in the OCS plans are consistent 

with the objectives of the State programs.

OCS activities have been subjected to the Federal consistency process in all major OCS leasing 

areas. In some areas, the MMS has consulted with 

the coastal States to determine precisely what information they need with respect to OCS activities. Such consultations have resulted in revisions of the information requirements imposed by 

the MMS on OCS lessees in part of the western 

Gulf of Mexico, and the approach may be employed in other OCS areas in the future.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR OIL AND GAS 

OPERATIONS

This program supports research and development that the MMS considers necessary for insuring safe and pollution - free OCS operations. 

Studies in this program are grouped into three 

categories: offshore structures and pipelines, well 

control, and environmental concerns. Examples of 

existing studies include development of improved 

blowout prevention procedures for deepwater drilling operations and toxicity of drilling muds on 

coral. Most of these studies are technical and focus 

primarily on engineering aspects of oil and gas operations in the marine environment. While most 

have no direct application in shoreline areas, they 

do help to insure that OCS operations are safe and 

do not result in unacceptable threats to the environment of the coastal zone.

A summary of current research efforts relating 

to this program is compiled annually by the program manager and published by the MMS.

EARTH SCIENCES APPLICATION ACTIVITIES

In response to an increasing need for readily applicable earth - sciences information, the USGS 

carries out many multidisciplinary programs concerned directly with techniques, methodologies, 

and strategies for transfer of the results of its 

earth - science research to public decisionmaking 

processes. These earth - science application programs include development of resource-planning 

methods to facilitate use of earth science by public 

agencies, studies and analyses to enhance implementation of and compliance with environmental laws, research into and application of remote-sensing technology and data in support of 

resources, and environmental analyses. In addition, visual aids and products are developed to inform the public about the relationship between 

earth - science information and various environmental management problems.

Examples of this type of national/regional projects include the following:

Title: Land Use Development on Barrier Islands

Status: Completed in 1980

Purpose: To determine the location, types, and magnitude of 

land - use and land - cover changes on barrier islands; for 

use in estimating future land - use trends by a Department 

of the Interior study group engaged in the assessment of barrier island resources.

Locations): Atlantic and Gulf coasts

Contact: Chief, Earth Sciences Assistance Office, USGS, 720 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: (703) 860- 

6961

Produces): Lins, H. F., 1980, Patterns and trends of land use 

and land cover on Atlantic and Gulf coast barrier islands: 

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1156, 164 p.

Title: Puget Sound Regional Study

Status: Begun in 1977, ongoing

Purpose: To gather, analyze, and interpret earth - science data 

of the Puget Sound region for use in public decisionmaking 

processes on land use; energy supply; avoidance or mitigation of geologic hazards; safeguarding the quantity and 

quality of water, minerals, and other unique and valuable 

resources of the region.

Locations): Counties bordering on Puget Sound, Wash.

Contact: Chief, Puget Sound Project Office, 1107 NE 45th 

Street, Suite 125, Seattle, WA 98105 Phone: (206) 442- 

7300

Produces): Bortleson, G. C., Wilson, R. T., and Foxworthy, 

B. L., 1977, Study of water quality effects on Baker 

Lake of recent volcanic activity at Mount Baker: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 1022-B, 30 p.

Frank, D., 1980, The availability of Puget Sound region 

ground water data and its uses: U.S. Geological 

Open-File Report 80-^430, 1 sheet.

Gillion, R. J., 1980, Study of the phosphorus concentration in 

the lakes of the Puget Sound region: U.S. Geological Survey Open - File Report 80-328, 25 p.

Heller, P. L., 1979, Study of landsliding and slope stability in 

lower Skagit and Baker Valleys, Cascade Mountains: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open - File Report 79-963, 30 p.

Keuler, R. F., 1980, Study of the potential effects of an oilspill 

on the shore-line near Port Townsend: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open - File Report 80-724, 22 p.

Title: Inundation Changes in Shark River Slough, Everglades

National Park 

Status: Completed in 1978 

Purpose: To inventory and evaluate changes in the hydrologic

characteristics of coastal wetlands on a seasonal or annual

basis. 

Contact: Chief, Earth Resources Observation Systems Office,

USGS, 730 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone:

(703) 860-7881.

17
Produces): Rose, P. W., and Rosendahl, P. C., 1980, Applications of Landsat digital data for classification of wetland 

areas in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, 

Fla.: U.S. National Park Service Open-File Report, 18 p.

Title: Detection of Oil in Coastal Waters

Status: Begun in FY 1976; resumed in FY 1980

Purpose: To determine whether oil spills and natural oil seeps 

could be detected on Landsat imagery.

TMcation(s): Santa Barbara Channel, Calif., Gulf of Mexico 

international waters

Contact: Chief, Earth Resources Observation Systems Office, 

USGS, 730 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone 

(703) 860-7881

Product: Deutsch, M., and Estes, J., 1977 Landsat detection 

of oil from natural seeps: PhotograMMETRIC Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 10, p. 1313-1322.

Deutsch, M., Volhmers, R. R., and Deutsch, J. P., Landsat 

tracking of oil slicks from the 1979 Gulf of Mexico oil well 

blowout: Ann Arbor, Environmental Research Institute of 

Michigan, Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Remote Sensing, p. 1197-1211.

Title: Impact of Offshore Oil and Gas Development on Land 

Resources

Status: Completed

Purpose: To analyze the distribution and magnitude of changes 

in land use resulting from offshore oil and gas development

Location: Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

Contact: Chief, Earth Sciences Assistance Office, USGS, 720 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 - Phone (703) 860- 

6961

Produces): Lins, H. F., 1979, Energy development at Kenai, 

Alaska: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 69, no. 2, p. 289-303.

Title: Coastal Land and Environmental Dynamics

Status: Begun in 1978, continuing

Purpose: To analyze the effects of storms and shoreline erosion

on Atlantic barrier islands 

Contact: Chief, Earth Sciences Assistance Office, USGS, 720

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: (703) 860-

6961. 

Produces): Dolan, R., Hayden, B., and Lins, H. F., 1980,

Barrier islands: Scientist, v. 68, no. 1, p. 16-25.

Dolan, R., Lins, H. F., and Stewart, J., 1980. Geographical 

analysis of Fenwick Island, Maryland, a middle Atlantic 

coast barrier island: U.S. Geological Survey Professional 

Paper 1177-A, 24 p.

Title: Environmental Studies of Cape Cod

Status: Begun 1970, continuing

Purpose: To demonstrate the use of remote sensing, especially 

satellite imagery, for monitoring environmental changes 

Location(s): Cape Cod, Mass.

Contact: Chief, Earth Resources Observation Systems Office, 

USGS, 730 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-7881.

Product(s): Oldale, R. N., Friedman, J. D., and Williams, R. 

S., Jr., 1971, Changes in coastal morphology of Monomoy 

Island, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey 

Professional Paper 750-B, p. B101-B107.

Williams, R. S., Jr., 1976, Cape Cod and Cape Cod National 

Seashore, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 929, p. 307-309.

Title: Barnegat Bay Study

Status: Begun 1980, continuing

Purpose: To determine the effects of chemicals, sediments, and

other pollutants on the water quality of Barnegat Bay,

N.J.

Location(s): Barnegat Bay, N.J. 

Contact: Chief, Earth Sciences Assistance Office, USGS, 720

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 - Phone: (703) 860-

6961

Title: Application of Remote Sensing to the Great Lakes

Status: Completed 1981

Purpose: To determine the utility of remote - sensing data in 

assessing the water resources, water quality, and hydrogeology of the Great Lakes

Location(s): Lake Ontario Basin, N.Y.

Contact: Chief, Earth Resources Observation Systems Office, 

USGS, 730 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-7881

Produces): Falconer, A., Deutsch, M., and Myers, L., 1981, 

Lake Ontario dynamics and water quality observations 

using thematically enhanced Landsat data: Minneapolis, 

Minn., American Water Resources Assn., Proceedings of 

the 5th W. T. Pecora Memorial Symposium, p. 655-661 

18
PART II

Maryland-Worcester County. A fleet of bulldozers were used on a round-the-clock basis throughout much of the 1977-78 winter 

at Ocean City, to preserve the resort's precious beach, severely denuded by a relentless series of "northeaster" storms.
PART II 

ACTIVITIES APPLICABLE TO

COASTAL STATES

The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) defines coastal States as those States and territories 

bordering on the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Gulf of 

Mexico, or one of the Great Lakes. According to 

this definition, there are 35 coastal States in all.

In this circular, coastal States and territories 

are grouped into three large regions: the Pacific 

States and Alaska, the Atlantic and Gulf region, 

and the Great Lakes. States included in the Pacific 

and Alaska region are Alaska, California, Hawaii, 

Oregon, and Washington. Territories in this region are American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Marianas.

States falling within the Atlantic and Gulf region are Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, 

Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, 

Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New 

Jersey, New York (a part of whose coastal zone 

also borders on the Great Lakes), North Carolina, 

Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. Territories in this region are Puerto Rico 

and the Virgin Islands.

The Great Lakes region includes the States of 

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, 

Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.

For each State or territory, the status and geographic boundaries of existing coastal management programs are briefly described in order to 

clarify the context of earth science information for 

use in coastal decisionmaking. Following this description, existing USGS activities located in or 

relating to that State's coastal zone are listed in 

the following three categories, as applicable:

1. Topo-bathy maps Only published maps are 

listed.

2. Geologic studies These studies are listed by 

and referred to in four types:

a. Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources 

Investigations These studies usually entail analysis and mapping of the geohistorical structure of large areas for purposes 

that include identification of mineral potentials.

b. Special Mineral Investigations These 

studies usually focus on a special mineral 

resource such as petroleum and are frequently carried out to support Federal 

lease - sale activities.

c. Environmental Conditions and Geologic 

Hazards Investigations These studies are 

designed to determine the source and characteristics of such problems as sedimentation in marine or estuary waters, bluff erosion, land subsidence, and unstable slopes 

and ground in areas of frequent earthquakes.

d. Marine Investigations These studies focus 

on either minerals assessment or environmental conditions of the continental 

shelves and margins of the United States, 

but their results may relate to such coastal 

zone problems as beach erosion caused by 

sediment movement.

3. Water-resources studies Since these 

studies are often done in cooperation with 

State or local agencies, there are usually 

more water resources projects listed 

for each State than any other category of 

USGS activity. Frequently the focus of 

these studies is similar to that of many of 

the issues a State coastal management 

agency is attempting to address. Because 

of the relatively more direct relationship 

between USGS water resources studies 

and State CZM programs, the types of 

water-resources studies available are 

described in detail below (projects listed 

under each State are referred to by 

types).

a. Areal Appraisals These are local, county, 

or statewide investigations to determine 

the source, quality, quantity, and availability of water supplies. The investigations 

may address ground water, surface water, 

or both, and may be simply for reconnaissance or involve a very detailed and technical appraisal. Most of these appraisals result in comprehensive reports describing 

the water supplies important to planning 

for large -scale developments, 

b. Planning and Management These provide 

generalized descriptive information on 

water resources in local, county, basin, or 

statewide areas for water management and 

(or) planning purposes, published as data 

reports or map atlases at various scales 

and showing such information as depth to 

aquifers, quality of water, and streamflow.

20
c. Aquifer Delineation Test drilling, seismic 

surveys, geophysical logging, aquifer tests, 

and geologic and other mapping investigations to determine the physical and water-bearing properties of aquifers. Some 

of these properties are area! extent, depth, 

thickness, geology, permeability, storage 

capacity, and yields of wells. Aquifer delineation investigations generally result in 

maps, cross sections, and geologic information for use in defining the water -bearing 

zones of ground - water supply systems 

and facilities and predicting the quantity of 

water available for development.

d. Effects of Development Investigations of 

the effect of manmade stresses on the 

quantity and quality of water resources, 

including assessments or statements that 

describe the effects of urbanization, mining, or other significant activities affecting 

the environment.

e. Waste Disposal and Contamination Investigations of the effects on water resources 

of waste disposal, including sanitary 

landfills, radioactive ^waste disposal sites, 

and various types of liquid waste disposal 

such as spray irrigation and deep ^well injection. These investigations are often 

used in evaluating alternative methods of 

waste disposal.

f. Aquifer Models Investigations utilizing 

computer or analog models to simulate the 

response of aquifers to various stresses. 

For example, models may be used to predict future decline in water levels due to 

pumpage or the effect of lack of rainfall 

(recharge) on water levels. These models 

are also capable of predicting changes in 

water quality due to water -level declines.

g. Streamflow Characteristics Investigations 

to determine the hydraulic and physical 

characteristics of surface streams, which 

may include estuaries, bays, and adjacent 

coastal waters. Descriptions and measurements of such characteristics as stage discharge, velocity of movement, circulation 

patterns, drainage areas, size and shape of 

stream channels, and rate of sedimentation 

may be included in these investigations. 

Such information can be utilized in evaluating the adequacy of water supply available 

from surface streams, designing bridges 

and culverts, or assessing flood potential 

along a particular watercourse. It may also

be used in conjunction with water -quality 

information to assess the effects of disposing various types of waste into surface 

streams.

h. Streamflow Models Investigations utilizing models to simulate the response of surface streams to various stresses. For example, models may be used to predict the 

stage and velocity of Streamflow due to 

changes in rainfall or urbanization in a 

basin. They may also be used to show circulation and water-quality patterns in 

bays and estuaries under various tidal and 

flow conditions.

i. Water -quality Investigations Investigations examining surface and (or) ground 

water chemical composition and the areal 

or vertical extent of various chemical elements in the water. They also may be used 

to identify and explain past or present water-quality problems as well as to predict 

future changes in water quality.

j. Environmental Assessment Investigations 

designed to identify and describe the environmental factors that control or influence the water resources. They may include studies of the effects of vegetation, 

topography, geology, or volcanoes on the 

quality and quantity of ground and surface 

water, or the relationship between erosion 

and sedimentation in streams, or the effects of glacier and snow melt on future 

water supplies.

PACIFIC STATES AND ALASKA

ALASKA

States in this region are generally concerned 

with protecting land and water resources of significant biological and scientific value, providing 

access to coastal recreation, siting of energy facilities, and monitoring geological and other coastal 

hazards. Their approach to CZM decisionmaking 

emphasizes implementing State policies and 

guidelines and defining them in detail through 

local management programs. Usually, local governments are authorized to issue special permits 

for coastal developments. This local control, however, is balanced by the availability of a 

State -level appeal mechanism created and operated as an integral element of the overall CZM decisionmaking process.

Territories in the Pacific are concerned primarily with islandwide economic development. Since

21
they do not have functioning local units of government similar to those existing in a typical State, 

their CZM decisionmaking processes are operated 

centrally by the territorial government, usually as 

a part of its overall developmental planning and 

management function.

The Alaska CZM program is based on the Alaska 

Coastal Management Act (ACMA) of 1977, which 

established shared local and State coastal management responsibilities. Federal approval was 

granted in July 1979.

The ACMA requires that local governments 

develop coastal management programs under 

State guidelines and standards. The Act sets up a 

Coastal Policy Council to oversee the development 

of such programs and to resolve conflicts during 

their implementation. Approval of local programs, 

however, requires actions by the State legislature 

in addition to the Coastal Policy Council.

After a local program is approved, State and 

local agencies exercising police powers are bound 

by the policies, standards, and other applicable requirements of the program. There is, however, no 

special coastal use permit system created by the 

ACMA.

The Division of Policy Development and Planning (DPDP) of the Governor's Office is designated by the ACMA to provide staff support to 

the Coastal Policy Council. Through its Office of 

Coastal Management, the DPDP administers the 

federally approved CZM program and serves as 

the focus of all activities relating to Federal consistency.

The ACMA enunciated only generalized policies 

and objectives for coastal management but instructed the Coastal Policy Council to issue 

specific rules for accomplishing the purposes of the 

Act. Consequently, the Council has issued, and 

the State legislature has adopted, guidelines and 

standards for the following categories of coastal 

uses and activities:

coastal development

geophysical hazard areas

recreation

energy facilities

transportation and utilities

fish and seafood processing

timber harvest and processing

mining and mineral processing

subsistence

In addition, there are also official State 

guidelines and standards for inventorying and 

managing "habitats," including offshore areas, estuaries, wetlands and tidelands, rocky islands and 

seacliffs, barrier islands and lagoons, exposed

high-energy coasts, rivers, streams, lakes, and 

upland areas. The State's coastal management 

guidelines and standards must be followed by local 

governments in developing their district coastal 

management programs.

CZM BOUNDARY

Because of the unique characteristics of the 

Alaska coastal zone, the ACMA leaves the task of 

defining the exact boundaries of the CZM program 

to the Coastal Policy Council and the various local 

governmental districts in coastal areas. The Coastal Policy Council initially denned zones of "direct 

interaction" and "direct influence," consisting of 

coastal areas where physical and biological processes are a function of direct contact between land 

and sea and areas affected and influenced by the 

close proximity of land and sea. The final boundaries will result from redefinition by the local districts in accordance with State guidelines.

Final boundaries of the coastal area subject to 

the district program may diverge from the initial 

boundaries if they (a) extend inland and seaward 

to the extent necessary to manage uses and activities that have or are likely to have a direct and 

significant impact on marine coastal waters; and 

(b) include all transitional and intertidal areas, salt 

marshes, saltwater wetlands, islands, and 

beaches. If the criteria in (a) and (b) are met, final 

boundaries of the coastal area subject to the district program may be based on political jurisdiction, cultural features, planning areas, watersheds, topographic features, uniform setbacks, or 

the dependency of uses and activities on water access.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

As the Nation's largest and least explored 

State, and the one with the greatest amounts of 

Indian and public land, Alaska serves as the focus 

of a major, integrated USGS effort to examine the 

State's environment and mineral resources and resolve associated problems. This effort involves application of nearly the full breadth of the Agency's 

interests and expertise, as well as a variety of 

special skills. Special activities include management of an exploration program for the National 

Petroleum Reserve in the northwest part of 

Alaska.

The USGS issues an annual two-part set of 

pamphlets summarizing (1) the organization and 

status of the Alaska program and (2) major accomplishments and brief reports on results of 

studies for the preceding year. For added details

22
concerning the scope, status, and products of the 

Alaskan coastal zone activities listed below and 

elsewhere in this report, the reader is referred to 

the pamphlets below.

The U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska: A. Organization and Status of Program; B. Accomplishments 

of the Preceding Year

1977 Circular 751-A, 751-B, K. M. Bleau, Editor

1978 Circular 772-A, 772-B, K. M. Johnson, 

Editor

1979 Circular 804-A, 804-B, K. M. Reed, Editor

1980 Circular 823-A, K. M. Reed, Editor

Circular 823-B, N. R. D. Albert and Travis 

Hudson, Editors

1981 Circular 843, K. M. Reed, Editor

These reports are free and available from the 

USGS information and distribution offices listed in 

appendix 2.

The following are listings of specific activities 

and information products applicable to Alaska:

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Chief, Branch of Alaskan Geology, 

1209 Orca Street, Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: 

(907) 271^150

Title: Geologic Map of Alaska

Status: Completed 1978

Type(s): Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Investigations

Locations): Statewide

Investigator(s): H. M. Beikman

Produces): Beikman, H. M., compiler, 1978, Preliminary 

geologic map of Alaska, scale 1:2,500,000, 2 sheets.

Title: The Alaska Mineral Resources Assessment Program

Status: Begun 1975, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Investigation

Locations): Statewide

Investigators): H. C. Berg

Produces): 1:250,000 quadrangle mapping completed through 

1981 for Goodnews, Hagemeister Island, Seward, Blying 

Sound, Ketchikan, and Prince Rupert quadrangles. Mapping in progress for Ugashik, Chignik, Sutwik, Karluk, 

Valdez, and Bradfield Canal quadrangles.

Title: Craig Quadrangle Geologic Map

Status: Begun 1973, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Craig

Investigators): G. D. Eberlein

Produces): 1:250,000 map of the geology of Craig, southeastern Alaska

Title: Geology and Mineral Resources of Petersburg Quadrangle 

Status: Begun 1978, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Petersburg, Prince of Wales and Kuiu Islands 

Investigators): D. A. Brew

Title: Geology and Mineral Resources of Juneau 

Status: Continuing

Type(s): Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Juneau 

Investigators): D. A. Brew

Produces): Maps issued distinguish 21 belts and areas of intrusive rocks ranging in age from Precambrian to Tertiary

Title: Geology and Resources of the Norton Sound Region

Status: Begun 1979, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Investigation

Locations): Norton Sound, including the Yukon delta

Investigators): W. W. Patton

Produces): Patton, W. W., Jr., and Csejtey, Bila, Jr., 1980, 

Geologic map of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: U.S. 

Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Map I1203, scale 1:250,000

Title: Petroleum Assessment Geology, North Slope Provinces

Status: Begun 1980, continuing

Type(s): Special Purpose Mineral Resources Investigation 

Location(s): Areas in and adjacent to the National Petroleum

Reserve in Alaska 

Investigators): K. J. Bird

Title: Petroleum Geology of Cook Inlet Basin - Shelikof Strait

Status: Begun 1970, continuing

Type(s): Special Purpose Mineral Resources Investigation

Locations): Cook Inlet Basin and Shelikof Strait, including 

Cape Douglas and Seldovia areas

Investigates): L. B. Magoon

Produces): Fisher, M. A., and Magoon, L. B., 1978, Geologic 

framework of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 62, no. 3, p. 

373-402.

Title: Geotectonics, Metallogenesis, and Resource Assessment 

of Southeastern Alaska

Status: Begun 1970, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Locations): Southeastern Alaska

Investigators): H. C. Berg

Produces): Berg, H. C., Jones, D. L., and Coney, P. J., 1978, 

Map showing pre-Cenozoic tectonic - stratigraphic terrances of Southeastern Alaska and adjacent areas: USGS 

Open-File Report 78-1085, 2 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.

Title: Tin, Tungsten and Molybenum Deposits in Alaska 

Status: Begun 1976, continuing

Type(s): Special Purpose Mineral Resources Investigation 

Location(s): Seward Peninsula, Southeastern Alaska, and the

Nome area 

Investigators): Travis Hudson

Title: Mineral Potentials Appraisal of the Glacier Bay National

Monument Wilderness Study Area 

Status: Begun 1975, continuing

23
Type(s): Special Purpose Mineral Resources Investigation 

Locationfs): Glacier Bay 

Investigator(s): D. A. Brew

Title: Mineral Potentials Appraisal of the West 

Chicagof- Yakobi Wilderness Study Area

Status: Begun 1978, completed 1981 

Type(s): Special Purpose Mineral Resources Investigation 

Locationfs): Chicagof and Yakobi Islands 

Investigator(s): B. R. Johnson

Title: Uranium Potential, Tertiary Basins

Status: Begun 1980, continuing

Type(s): Special Purpose Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Statewide

Investigators): K. A. DicMnson

Title: Arctic Environmental Studies 

Status: Begun 1974, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Locationfs): Arctic coastal areas 

Investigator(s): 0. J. Ferrians

Title: Geologic Hazards Related to Petroleum Operations in 

Northern and Western Alaska

Status: Begun 1974, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Coastal and continental shelf areas of northern 

and western Alaska

Investigator(s): D. M. HopMns

Product(s): HopMns, D. M., and Hartz, R. W., 1978, Coastal 

morphology, coastal erosion, and barrier islands of the 

Beaufort Sea, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 78-1063, 54 p.

Hopkins, D. M., 1979, Landscape and climate of Beringia during late Pleistocene and Holocene time, in Laughlin, W. 

S., and Harper, A. B., eds., The first Americans: Origin, 

affinities, and adaptations: New York, Gustave Fischer, p. 

15-41.

Title: Alaska Geologic Earthquake Hazards Study

Status: Begun 1963, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Locations): Statewide, with special emphasis on areas affected by the 1964 earthquake

Investigators): George Plafker

Produces): Plafker, G., Hudson, T., Bruns, T., and Rubin, 

M., 1978, Late Quaternary offsets along the Fairweather 

fault and crustal plate interaction in Southern Alaska: 

Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 15, no. 5, p. 805-816

Title: Earthquake Hazards Mapping, Upper Cook Inlet - Susitna Lowland, Alaska

Status: Begun 1977, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Locationfs): Upper Cook Inlet and Sustina Lowland region, including Anchorage

Investigator(s): 0. J. Ferrians

Title: Quarternary Climate History and Tephrochronology, 

South- Central Alaska

Status: Begun 1981, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Locations): Upper Cook Inlet region 

Investigator(s): T. A. Ager

Title: Geological Framework and Resource Assessments

Status: Begun 1975, continuing

Type(s): Marine Investigation Resources

Locations): Beaufort and Chukchi Seas; Aleutian - Bering Sea

area; eastern and western Gulf of Alaska 

Investigator(s): Arthur Grantz, M. S. Marlow, M. A. Fisher,

George Plafker, and Roland von Huene

Title: Continental Margin Petroleum Resources Framework

Status: Begun 1976, continuing

Type(s): Marine Investigation Resources

Locations): Norton Sound, Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (also

northern Puget Sound, Wash.) 

Investigator(s): T. H. McCulloh

Title: Geo - Environmental Studies of the Continental Shelf

and Adjacent Seafloor of Alaska 

Status: Begun 1975, continuing 

Type(s): Marine Investigation Environmental 

Locations): Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, Western and Eastern

Gulf of Alaska 

Investigators): P. W. Barnes, Erik Reimnitz, M. A.

Hampton, B. F. Molnia, C. H. Nelson, R. E. Hunter, and

R. L. Phillips

Title: Geologic Hazards in Navarin Basin Province

Status: Begun 1980, continuing

Type(s): Marine Investigation Environmental

Locationfs): Navarin Basin Province, Bering Sea

Investigators): P. R. Carlson

Produces): Carlson, P. R., and Karl, H. A., 1981, Seafloor 

geologic hazards, sedimentology, and bathymetry: Navarin Basin province, northwestern Bering Sea: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report OF 81-1217, 151 p.

Title: Sedimentation within the Alaskan Coastal Environments 

Status: Begun 1972, completed except final reports 

Type(s): Marine Investigation Environmental 

Locations): Upper Cook Inlet, with emphasis on Knik and

Turnagain Arms

Investigator^): S. Bartsch - Winkler

Produces): Ovenshine, A. T., Bartsch - Winkler, S. R., 

O'Brien, N. R., and others, 1976, Intertidal sedimentation 

in upper Turnagain Arm, Alaska, in Miller, T. P., ed., Recent and ancient sedimentary environments in Alaska: Anchorage, Alaska Geological Society, 26 p.

Title: Resource Geology and Environmental Assessment of

Aleutian Ridge and Shelf 

Status: Begun 1979, continuing 

Type(s): Marine Investigation Environmental 

Investigator(s): D. W. Scholl, T. L. Vallier, and H. McLean

Water Resources Studies

Intial Contact: USGS/WRD District Chief, 218 E 

Street, Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: (907) 277- 

5526

24
Title: Geohydrology of the Anchorage Area, Alaska

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Effects of Development Urbanization; Waste Disposal; Planning and Management

Locations): Anchorage, Alaska

Product(s): Freethey, G. W., 1979, Sources of water for a confined aquifer system at Anchorage, in Johnson, K. M., and 

Williams, J. R., eds., The U.S. Geological Survey in 

Alaska Accomplishments during 1978: U.S. Geological 

Survey Circular 804-B, p. B106.

Title: Water Resources Investigation of the Kenai Peninsula 

Borough Area, Alaska

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Effects of Development Urbanization

Location(s): Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

Product(s): Rowland, Mark, and Freethey, G. W., 1978, 

Selected hydrologic data related to water table aquifer of 

north Kenai area, Alaska: State of Alaska DGGS 

Open-File Report 112, 1 pi.

Title: Hydrology of Cordova Area, Alaska

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Southeastern Alaska

Produces): McCoy, G. A., and Freethey, G. W., 1978, Water

resources of the Cordova area: U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 78-310, 2 p.

Title: Municipal Water Supply Investigations

Status: Terminated FY 78

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water

Locationfs): Alaska statewide

Produces): Dearborn, L. L., Anderson, G. S., and Zenone, 

Chester, 1979, Water-resources data of the Seward area, 

Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 79-11, 45 p.

Title: Water Resources Investigations (Salmon - Rearing 

Sites)

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Quality of Water Investigations 

Lakes

Locationfs): Alaska statewide

Produces): McCoy, G. A., Wiggins, W. W., and Schmidt, A. 

E., 1977, Limnological investigations of six lakes in southeast Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources 

Investigations 76-122, 1 pi.

Title: Alaska Glaciology

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Glacier Investigations

Locationfs): Alaska statewide

Product(s): Mayo, L. R., 1977, Glacier research, in Blean, K. 

M., ed., The United States Geological Survey in Alaska 

Accomplishments during 1976: U.S. Geological Survey 

Circular 715-B, p. B5-8, 6.

Mayo, L. R., 1978, Identification of unstable glaciers intermediate between normal and surging glaciers: Moscow, 

Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Data of Glaciological 

Studies, Publication 33, p. 47-56 (Russian), p. 133-135 

(English).

Mayo, L. R., and Trabant, D. C., 1978, Surface studies of ice 

balance and dynamics, in Columbia Glacier Team, 1978, 

Columbia Glacier Progress Report December 1977: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-264, p. 20-24.

Meier, M. F., Mayo, L. R., Post, Austin, Sikonia, W. G., and 

Trabant, D. C., 1979, Stability of Columbia Glacier, 

Alaska, in Johnson, K. M., and Williams, J. R., eds., The 

United States Geological Survey in Alaska Accomplishments during 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 804- 

B, p. B106-B107.

Meier, M. F., Post, Austin, Rasmussen, L. A., Sikonia, W. G., 

and Mayo, L. R., 1979, Retreat of Columbia Glacier, 

Alaska A preliminary prediction: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 80-10, 11 p.

Title: Columbia Glacier

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Glacier Investigations

Location(s): Southeastern Alaska

Product(s): Columbia Glacier Team: 1978, Columbia Glacier

progress report December 1977: U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 78-264, 56 p.

Post, Austin, 1978, Interim bathymetry of Columbia Glacier 

and approaches, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 78^49, 1 p.

Title: Hydrologic Studies and Data Collection Related to 

Water Availability and Quality for the Alaskan Air Command

Status: Terminated FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Aquifer Delineation

Locationfs): Alaska statewide

Productfs): Feulner, A. J., Zenone, Chester, and Reed, K. M., 

1976, Geohydrology and water supply, Shemya Island, 

Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-82, 

1 sheet.

Title: Arctic Water Resources and Environmental Studies,

Alaska

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Planning and Management; Effects

of Development; Environmental Assessment 

Locationfs): Alaska statewide 

Product(s): Childers, J. M., Kernodle, D. R., and Loeffler, R.

M., 1979, Hydrologic reconnaissance of western arctic

Alaska, 1976 and 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File

Report 79-699, 70 p.

Title: Summary Appraisals of the Nation's Ground - Water Resources Alaska Region

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal appraisal; Planning and Management; Effects of 

Development General

Locationfs): Alaska statewide

Produces): Zenone, Chester, and Anderson, G. S., 1978, Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional 

Paper 813-P, 28 p.

Title: Water Resources and Water Quality Compilation for the

Cook Inlet Hydrologic Unit, Alaska 

Status: Completed FY 80

25
Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Planning and Management; Environmental Assessment

Locationfs): Northwest Cook Inlet, Alaska

Produces): Freethey, G. W., and Scully, D. R., 1980, Water 

resources of Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological 

Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-620, 4 sheets.

Title: Water Resources of National Petroleum Reserves

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Planning and Management

Locationfs): Western Arctic Slope, Alaska

Produces): National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Task Force, 

1978, National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, physical 

profile: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska 105(C) Land Use Study, Study 

Report 1, 124 p.

Title: Frequency of Recurrence of Lake George on Knik

Glacier

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Lakes 

Location(s): Southeastern Alaska

Title: Hydrology of the Capps Creek Coal Area, Alaska 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Aquifer Delineation 

Locations): South central Alaska

Title: Water Resources of the National Petroleum Reserve in 

Alaska

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Environmental Assessment Snow 

Depth and Density, Water Supply for Drilling Sites

Locationfs): Western Arctic Slope, Alaska

Product(s): Glude, W. J., and Sloan, C. E., 1980, Reconnaissance snow survey of National Petroleum Reserve in 

Alaska, April-May 1979; U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 80-49, 13 p.

Title: Hydrology, Sediment and Channel Morphology of the 

Kenai River Between SMlak Lake and the Mouth

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Morphology and 

Sedimentation; Streamflow Characteristics

Locationfs): South central Alaska

Title: Water Resources Reconnaissance of St. Paul Island,

Pribilof Islands, Alaska 

Status: Completed FY 80 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Aquifer Delineation 

Locationfs): St. Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska 

Produces): Feulner, A. J., 1980, Water-resources reconnaissance of the southeastern part of St. Paul Island, Pribilof 

Islands, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80-61, 12 p.

Title: Ground Water Resources of the Middle Eagle River

Valley Near Eagle River, Alaska 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Aquifer Delineation 

Locations): South-central Alaska

Title: Water-Quality Characteristics of Surface - Water

Runoff in Campbell and Chester Creeks, Anchorage,

Alaska

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Quality of Water Investigations; Streamflow Analysis;

Effects of Development Urbanization 

Locations): Southern Alaska

CALIFORNIA

The California CZM program is based on the 

California Coastal Act, which became effective on 

January 1, 1977, and the McAteer - Petris Act, 

which became effective in 1965. Federal approval 

of the program took place in November 1977.

For management purposes the California coast 

is divided into two segments. Except for the San 

Francisco Bay and its tributaries, the coastal zone 

is managed by the California Coastal Commission. 

The San Francisco Bay, tributary waterways and 

shoreline, and the Suisun Marsh are managed by 

the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC). While the two programs are similar, there are also important differences between them.

The California Coastal Act establishes 14 

groups of resources planning and management 

policies and requires their implementation by local 

governments. Local governments in the coastal 

zone are authorized and required by the Act to 

prepare local coastal programs for approval and 

certification by the designated State coastal management agency, the California Coastal Commission.

Before approval of a local coastal program 

(LCP) for a particular jurisdiction, the Coastal 

Commission issues coastal development permits 

for that area. After LCP certification, this permit 

authority is delegated to the local government 

with provisions for appeal of projects to the commission. The Commission is also responsible for 

determining the consistency of Federal activities 

with that portion of the California CZM program 

that applies to the coast.

Policies created by the California Coastal Act 

cover the following categories:

 shoreline access

 recreation and visitor serving facilities

 housing

 water and marine resources

 dredging, filling, and shoreline structures

 commercial fishing and recreational boating

 environmentally sensitive habitat areas

 agriculture

26
 hazards

 forestry and soils resources

 locating and planning new development

 coastal visual resources and special communities

 public works

 industrial and energy development 

For implementation, the California Coastal 

Commission has issued guidelines on types of developments in certain areas as well as on what 

specific information local coastal programs should 

contain to reflect each group of coastal policies.

Policies for the San Francisco Bay are found in 

the McAteer - Petris Act (California Government 

Code, Title 7.2), Division 14 of the California Administrative Code and the Bay Plan. Special policies apply to the Suisun Marsh. Major policy 

groups for the Bay are listed below.

public access

fish and wildlife

water surface area and volume

water pollution

marshes and mudflats

smog and weather

shell deposits

freshwater inflow

safety of fills

dredging

water - related industry

ports

airports

recreation

transportation

salt ponds and other managed wetlands

appearance, design and scenic view 

BCDC issues permits for work and uses within 

and adjacent to San Francisco Bay. The Commission is also responsible for determining the consistency of Federal activities with the part of the 

California CZM program that applies to BCDC 

jurisdiction.

CZM BOUNDARY

The California Coastal Act defines "coastal 

zone" to include the territorial sea, all off-shore 

islands, and to extend inland generally 1,000 yards 

from the sea's mean high tide line. In significant 

coastal estuarine, habitat, and recreational areas, 

the coastal zone extends inland to the first major 

ridgeline paralleling the sea or 5 mi from the mean 

high tide line of the sea, whichever is less, and in

developed urban areas the zone generally extends 

inland less than 1,000 yd. The jurisdiction of the 

San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development 

Commission includes generally all areas of the Bay 

subject to tidal action and the first 100 ft of the 

shoreline.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo-Bathy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information

Center, Western Mapping Center, USGS, 345

Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 

Phone: (415)323-^8111 

1:250,000

Crescent City

Eureka

Long Beach

Los Angeles

Monterey

San Clemente Island

San Diego

San Francisco

San Luis Obispo

Santa Ana

Santa Rosa

Santa Rosa Island

Ukiah

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 345 

Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 Phone: 

(415) 323-2214

Title: Geologic Structure and Resource Assessment of California Continental Margin

Status: Begun 1975, continuing

Type(s): Marine Investigation Resources

Locations): California continental margin

Investigators): J. C. Vedder, D. S. McCulloch

Produces): Page, B. M., Wagner, H. C., McCulloch, D. S., 

and others, 1979, Geologic cross section of the continental 

margin off San Luis Obispo, the southern Coast Ranges, 

and the San Joaquin Valley, California: Geological Society 

of America Map Chart Series No. MS-286, 12 p.

Title: Continental Margin Basin Formation and Petroleum Potentials

Status: Begun 1976, renewed 1980, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): California continental margin

Investigators): D. G. Howell

Produces): Howell, D. G., McCulloch, D. S., and Vedder, J. 

G., 1978, General geology, petroleum appraisal and nature 

of environmental hazards, Eastern Pacific Shelf, Latitude

27
28° to 38° North: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 786, 29 

PTitle: Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of Siliceous Shale 

and Related Rocks

Status: Begun 1979, as successor to studies on mass properties 

of oil field rocks begun in 1972, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation Onshore - Offshore

Locations): California continental margin

Investigator(s): L. A. Beyer

Title: Tectonics of Central and Northern California

Status: Begun 1973, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Locations): Central and northern California, between the continents and ocean basins

Investigator(s): W. P. Irwin

Product(s): Irwin, W. P., and Dennis, M. D., 1979, Geologic 

structure section across southern Klamath Mountains, 

coastal ranges, and seaward of Point Delgada, California: 

Geological Society of America Map and Chart Series MC28D, scale 1:250,000

Title: Onshore - Offshore Geologic Framework of Eel River 

(Humboldt) Basin

Status: Begun 1981, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Northern California - southern Oregon continental shelf

Investigators): S. H. Clark

Title: Geo - Environmental Setting and Geologic Hazards of 

the California Continental Margin

Status: Begun 1974, extended 1981, continuing

Type(s): Marine Investigation Environmental

Locations): Offshore areas of California

Investigates): D. S. McCulloch, H. G. Greene, and M. E. 

Field

Produces): Field, M. E., Gardner, J. V., Jennings, A. E., and 

Edwards, B. D., 1981, Seaftoor failures caused by the 

November 8, 1960, earthquake off northern California: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-0393, 27 p.

Title: Geology and Mineral Potentials of Los Padres National

Forest

Status: Begun 1979, continuing 

Type(s): Special Mineral Resources Investigation 

Location(s): Los Padres National Forest 

Investigator(s): D. M. Morton and N. 0. Fredericksen

Title: Geology and Mineral Potentials of Ventana Wilderness 

Status: Begun 1980, continuing 

Type(s): Special Mineral Resources Investigation 

Locationfs): Ventana Wilderness, with emphasis on Bear

Mountain and Bear Canyon 

Investigators): V. M. Seiders

Title: Quaternary Framework for Earthquake Studies, Los

Angeles Basin 

Status: Begun 1976, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Los Angeles Basin 

Investigator(s): J. C. Tinsley

Title: Earthquake Hazards of the Los Angeles Region 

Status: Begun 1980, as renewal of earlier studies, continuing 

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Locations): Los Angeles Metropolitan areas 

Investigator(s): R. F. Yerkes

Product(s): Lee, W. H., Johnson, C.E., Henyey, J. L., and 

Yerkes, R. F., 1979, A preliminary study of the Santa 

Barbara earthquake of August 13, 1978: U.S. Geological 

Survey Circular 979, 18 p.

Title: Geologic Maps of Pacific Palisades Landslide Areas 

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Los Angeles 

Investigators): J. T. McGill

Title: Regional Tectonics of the Nacimiento Block

Status: Begun 1975, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Locationfs): Coastal areas between Santa Barbara and Monterey

Investigator(s): V. M. Seiders

Title: Tectonic Framework and Areal Slope Stability of the 

San Francisco Bay Region

Status: Begun 1975, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Investigators): E. E. Brabb and S. D. Ellen

Title: Neotectonics of the San Francisco Bay Region 

Status: Begun 1976, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation 

Investigators): D. G. Herd

Title: Earthquake Induced Ground Failures, San Mateo 

County

Status: Begun 1975, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): San Mateo County

Investigator(s): E. L. Harp

Title: Interactions Between Ground Motion and Ground Failure

Status: Begun 1979, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): San Mateo County

Investigators): R. C. Wilson

Title: Relationships Between Marine and Estuarine Sediments

Status: Begun 1978, continuing

Type(s): Marine Investigation Environmental

28
Locations): Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta 

Investigators): B. F. Atwater

Title: Characteristics of Sediments Along the Pacific Coast 

Status: Begun 1980, continuing 

Type(s): Marine Investigation Environmental 

Location(s): Offshore areas of California 

Investigators): R. E. Hunter

Title: Nearshore Sedimentary Dynamics 

Status: Begun 1980, continuing 

Type(s): Marine Investigation Environmental 

Location(s): Monterey Bay 

Investigator(s): A. H. Sallenger

Title: Depositional Processes and Facies in Coastal Embayments

Status: Begun 1980, continuing 

Type(s): Marine Investigation Environmental 

Location(s): Morrow Bay and Tamales Bay 

Investigator(s): R. L. Phillips

Title: Continental Margin Sediment Dynamics 

Status: Begun 1975, renewed 1981, continuing 

Type(s): Marine Investigation Environmental 

Location(s): Offshore areas of California 

Investigator(s): D. A. Cacchione

Title: Peninsula Ranges Tectonics 

Status: Begun 1975, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Statewide 

Investigators): V. R. Todd

Title: Dynamics of Sedimentary Bedforms 

Status: Begun 1978, continuing 

Type(s): Marine Investigation Geologic Processes 

Locations): San Francisco Bay 

Investigators): D. M. Rubin

Title: Continental Margin Processes

Status: Begun 1978, continuing

Type(s): Marine Investigation Geologic Processes

Location(s): Offshore San Francisco to Russian River

Investigators): J. V. Gardner

Status: Begun 1978, continuing

Type(s): Marine Investigation Geologic Processes

Locations): Offshore San Francisco to Russian River

Investigator(s): J. V. Gardner

Water Resources Studies

Intitial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 218 

Oak Grove Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 95023 

Phone: (415) 323-8111

Title: Geology and Ground Water in Santa Cruz County,

California

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer

Delineation; Planning and Management

Locations): Central Coastal California

Produces): Johnson, M. J., 1980, Geology and ground water in

north central Santa Cruz County, California: U.S.

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations, 80-

26, 33 p.

Title: Water - Resources Studies in Redwood National Park, 

California

Status: Completed FY 79 (except final report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Quality of Water; Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Northwestern California

Produces): Akers, J. P., 1978, Potential potable water 

supplies in Redwood National Park, California: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-970, 27 p.

Title: San Francisco Bay Region Environmental Studies

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Environmental Assessment; Effects of Development; 

Areal Appraisal; Waste Disposal and Contamination

Location(s): San Francisco Bay Region

Produces): Waananen, A. O., Limerinos, J. T., Kockelman, 

W. J., Spangle, W. E., and Blair, M. L., 1977, 

Flood prone areas and land use planning in the San 

Francisco Bay region, California: U.S. Geological Survey 

Professional Paper 942, 75 p.

Title: Assessment of Water Quality in California Streams

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water

Locations): California statewide

Produces): Bowers, L. C., and Irwin, G. A., 1978, Water-quality investigations, upper Santa Clara River 

basin, California, November 1976 through August 1977: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-735, 53 p.

Title: Geohydrology of Round Valley, Medocino County, 

California

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Aquifer Model; Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Northern California

Produces): Muir, K. S., and Webster, D. A., 1977, Geohydrology of the Round Valley Indian Reservation, Medocino 

County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 77-22, 95 p.

Title: Updating Ground Water Information in the Eureka,

California, Area 

Status: Completed FY 79 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water 

Location(s): Northern California 

Pmduct(s): Johnson, M. J., 1979, Ground water conditions in

the Eureka area, Humboldt County, California, 1975: U.S.

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 78-

127, 45 p.

Title: Sources of Emergency Water Supplies in Santa Clara

County, California 

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water 

Location(s): Central Coastal California 

Produces): Akers, J. P., 1977, Sources of emergency water

29
supplies in Santa Clara County, California: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water - Resources Investigations 77-61, 30 p.

Title: Initial Assessment of Ground - Water Quality Degradation in the Monterey Bay region, California

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water

Locationfs): Central Coastal California

Prodiict(s): Muir, K. S., 1977, Initial assessment of the 

ground water resources in the Monterey Bay region, 

California: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 77-46, 84 p.

Title: Appraisal of Ground - Water Resources in San Antonio 

Creek Ground-Water Basin, Santa Barbara County, 

California (With Emphasis on Potential Overdraft at Vandenberg Air Force Base)

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Effects of Development Irrigation

Location(s): Coastal southern California

Produces): Hutchinson, C. B., 1980, Appraisal of ground-water resources in the San Antonio Creek Valley, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open - File Report 80-75, 48 p.

Mallory, M. J., 1980, Potential effects of agricultural development on the ground-water system in the vicinity of 

Barka Slough, San Antonio Creek Valley, Santa Barbara 

County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80-75, 25 p.

Title: Seawater Intrusion and Ground-Water Yield of the 

Soquel Aptoc Area, Santa Cruz County, California

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Seawater Intrusion

Locations): Central Coastal California

Produces): Muir, K. S., 1980, Seawater intrusion and ground- 

 water yield of the Soquel-Aptoc area, Santa Cruz 

County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80-84, 40 p.

Title: Ground - Water Resources of the Santa Barbara Area

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development; Aquifer Model; Aquifer Delineation

Locations): Southern coastal California

Produces): Hutchinson, C. B., 1979, Ground water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California, phase 1 coastal monitoring well installation and initial measurements: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-923, 24 p.

Title: Digital Model of Carmel Valley 

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Aquifer Model 

Locations): West-central California

Title: Evaluation of Ground Water Quality in the Santa Ynez 

Valley, California

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Water Quality Ground Water; Contamination: Effects of Development Withdrawals

Locations): South coastal California

Title: Ground-Water Potential, Pescadero Area, San Mateo 

County, California

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Ground Water

Locations): West-central California

Produces): Akers, J. P., 1980, The potential for developing 

ground water supplies in the Pescadero area, San Mateo 

County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80-6, 8 p.

Title: Ground Water in the Seaside Area, Monterey County,

California

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation 

Locations): West-central California

Title: Tracing the Movement of Treated Wastewater and Determining Its Effect on Aquifer Hydraulics and Water 

Quality in an Injection - Extraction System at Palo Alto, 

California

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination; Quality of 

Water Ground Water

Location: West-central California

Title: Ground Water in Northern Monterey County, California

1980

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type: Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Deliniation 

Location: West-central California

Title: Hydrodynamics and Mathematical Modeling of Circulation and Transport Phenomena in a Tidal Estuary

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Research to develop models of the circulation patterns of water in tidal estuaries and to show the effects of 

river inflow, winds, tides, and other dynamic forces on 

these patterns

Location(s): San Francisco Bay, Calif.

Produces): Conomos, T. J., Nichols, F. H., Cheng, R. T., and 

Peterson, D. H., 1978, Field and; modeling studies of San 

Francisco Bay: American Society of Civil Engineers, Proceedings of Coastal Zone 78, p. 1917-1927

Title: Plankton Dynamics in Tidal Estuaries

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Research to determine the ecological conditions that 

control the productivity and distribution of phytoplankton 

and zooplankton in tidal estuaries and the effect of 

man - induced conditions on the plankton

Location(s): San Francisco Bay, Calif.

Product(s): Cole, B. E., and Herndon, R. E., 1979, Hydrographic properties and primary productivity of San Francisco Bay waters, March 1976-July 1977: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 79-983, 120 p.

Title: Circulation Patterns and Sediment Transport in San 

Francisco Bay and Adjacent Ocean

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Research to evaluate the tidal and seasonal variations 

in the water quality in San Francisco Bay and to determine the amount and type of sediments and water that is

30
being exchanged between San Francisco Bay and the 

ocean

Locations): San Francisco Bay, Calif.

Produces): Conomos, T. J., 1979, San Francisco Bay: The urbanized estuary: Pacific Division, American Association for 

the Advancement of Science, 494 p.

Title: Geochemistry of Estuarine Waters and Sediments

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Research to define the dominant processes that influence water and sediment chemistry in the San Francisco 

Bay estuarine system and to evaluate the rates of some of 

these processes. Some of these processes include sedimentation, changes in salinity, phytoplankton productivity, 

and seasonal distribution of biologically reactive substances

Locations): San Francisco Bay, Calif.

Produces): Smith, R. E., Herndon, R. E., and Harmon, D. 

D., 1979, Physical and chemical properties of San Francisco Bay waters, 1969-1976: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 79-511, 606 p.

HAWAII

Hawaii's CZM program is based on the Hawaii 

Coastal Zone Management Act of 1977 (Act 188), 

which establishes basic coastal policies for implementation by State agencies and county governments. Federal approval of the program was received in September 1978.

There are seven categories of CZM objectives and 

policies relating to recreational resources, historic 

resources, scenic and open space resources, coastal ecosystems, economic uses, coastal hazards, and 

developments. These objectives, in effect, evolved 

from an earlier statute, the Shoreline Protection Act 

of 1975, which requires county governments to designate special management areas (SMA's) around 

the perimeter of each island and to issue SMA permits for developments within these areas. State 

agencies with land and water uses regulatory authorities are also required to conduct their activities 

in conformance with the policies of Act 188.

The State's Department of Planning and 

Economic Development (DPED) is designated as 

the lead CZM agency. It insures compliance by 

State agencies and local governments with the CZM 

program through administrative reviews. DPED is 

not authorized to issue SMA permits, but it is responsible for review and approval of SMA boundary 

refinements. It is also the designated agency for determining Federal consistency matters.

CZM BOUNDARY

At the time the Hawaii CZM program received 

Federal approval, an interim coastal zone was defined, which included the territorial sea and all land 

areas except those designated as State forest reserves. This was because a 2 - year SMA boundary 

review and amendment process for the purpose of 

defining the final inland boundary of the permanent 

CZM areas was anticipated by June 1979. These provisions, however, were modified in 1979 to recognize 

the interim coastal zone as Hawaii's coastal management area regardless of the SMA boundaries location.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 345 

Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 

Phone: (415) 323-2214

Title: Properties of Submarine Volcanic Rocks

Status: Ongoing

Type(s): Marine Investigations Volcanic Processes

Locations): Hawaii

Jnvestigator(s): J. G. Moore

(NOTE: The USGS also maintains a volcano observatory on the island of Hawaii from which warnings and investigations of volcanic eruptions, 

tsunami, and other events of coastal concern are issued on a continuing basis for a wide area surrounding the Pacific, including Alaska, Guam, and other 

U.S. territories. For further information, contact 

Scientist in Charge, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii 06718 Phone: 

(808)967-7328.)

Woter Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 18 

Kalakava Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96815 Phone: 

(808)955-0251

Title: Water Resources of Kipahulu District, Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaii

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Maui Island, Hawaii

Produces): Saroos, R. L., 1979, Reconnaissance of potential for 

potable ground-water supply at Kipahulu District, 

Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaii: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open - File Report 79-749, 9 p.

Title: Hydrology and Sedimentation in Moanalua Valley, Oahu,

Hawaii

Status: Completed FY 78 (except report) 

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Sedimentation; Streamflow

Characteristics 

Location(s): Oahu Island, Hawaii

31
Title: Ground Water in the Kekaha Mana Area, Kauai, Hawaii

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development Ground Water Withdrawals

Locations): Kauai Island, Hawaii

Produces): Burt, R. J., 1979, Availability of ground water for irrigation on the Kekaha Mana coastal plain, Island of Kauai, 

Hawaii: State of Hawaii, Department of Natural Resources 

Report R53,50 p.

Title: Hawaii Water Resources Regional Study

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal General; Environmental Assessment;

Planning and Management 

TMcation(s): Hawaii statewide

Title: Ground - Water Availability in the Waialua Area, Island of 

Oahu, Hawaii

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Areal Appraisal Ground Water

Locations): South Coastal Oahu, Hawaii

Produces): Dale, R. H., 1978, A ground-water inventory of the 

Waialua basal water body, Island of Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open - File Report 78-24,71 p.

Title: Regional Ground - Water Appraisal, Hawaii Region

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Areal Appraisal General; Planning and Management

TMcaiion(s): Hawaii statewide

Produces): Takasaki, K. J., 1978, Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources Hawaii Region: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 813M,,29 p.

Title: Biological and Morphologic Survey of Selected Reaches of

the Wailuka River, Island of Hawaii 

Status: Completed F Y 78 (except report) 

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Biological and Sediment;

Streamflow Characteristics; Quality of Water Surface

Water 

Locationfs): Island of Hawaii

Title: Monitoring of Critical Ground - Water Areas, Hawaii

Status: Ongoing F Y 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Ground-Water Withdrawals; Planning and Management Protection and Control of 

Ground Water

Locations): Oahu, Maui, and Kauai Islands, Hawaii

Produces): Saroos, R. L., and Ewart, C. J., 1979, Ground-water status report, Pearl Harbor area, Hawaii, 1978: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 79- 

1542,3 sheets.

Title: Water Resources of Southeastern Oahu, Hawaii 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation 

Locations): Southeastern Oahu, Hawaii

Title: Water Resources, Kawailoa, Oahu, Hawaii

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation

Locationfs): Kawailoa, Oahu, Hawaii

Title: Aquifer Identification and Characterization, State of 

Hawaii

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Waste Disposal and Contamination; Planning and Management

Location(s): Hawaii statewide

OREGON

Oregon's CZM program is a subset of its 

statewide efforts based on the Oregon Land Use Act 

of 1973, commonly referred to as ORS 197. The Act 

created the Land Conservation and Development 

Commission (LCDC) and its administrative arm, 

the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD). DLCD developed statewide land use 

goals and guidelines for implementation through 

local governments. In December 1976, a special set 

of goals and guidelines on coastal resources (including estuarine resources, coastal shorelands, beaches 

and dunes, and ocean resources) was adopted. Subsequently, Federal approval of the State CZM program was received in Junel977.

Cities and counties in the coastal zone are required by ORS 197 to develop and implement a comprehensive land and water uses plan, zoning, and 

subdivision ordinances in accordance with adopted 

State coastal resources goals and guidelines. State 

agencies with planning and regulatory activities affecting coastal resources are also required to conform with such goals and guidelines. The DLCD, as 

the designated State CZM agency, is responsible for 

review and coordination of State and local compliance with the requirements of State goals and 

guidelines. It is also the agency for determining the 

consistency of Federal activities with the CZM program.

CZM BOUNDARY

Oregon's coastal zone includes its territorial sea 

and extends from the Pacific shoreline inland to the 

crest of the coastal mountain range, excluding the 

Umpqua, Rogue, and Columbia River basins that 

penetrate the coastal mountains but originate in the 

Cascades or interior lands.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo-Bothy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Western Mapping Center, 345 

Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 

Phone: (415) 323-^8111)

1:250,000 

Salem

32
Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 345 

Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 

Phone: (415) 323-2214

Title: Geology of Southwestern Oregon Coastal Region

Status: Begun 1973, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Locationfs): Southwestern Oregon, with emphasis on Coos 

Bay and the Medford area

Investigators): M. C. Blake and J. G. Smith

Title: Geologic Framework and Resource Assessment of Oregon Washington Continental Margin

Status: Begun 1980, as continuation of similar studies begun in 

1971

Type(s): Marine Investigation Resources

Locations): Coastal region west of the Olympic Peninsula, 

Wash., and southern Oregon

Investigatorfs): P. D. Snavely, Jr.

Title: Onshore - Offshore Geologic Framework of Eel River

(Humboldt) Basin 

Status: Begun 1981, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Northern California - southern Oregon continental margin

Investigator: S. H. Clarke

Title: Sediment and Resource Potential of Beach Placers 

Status: Ended 1978

Type(s): Mineral Resource Investigation 

Locations): Southern Oregon beaches 

Investigator(s): H. E. Clifton and R. E. Hunter

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, P.O. 

Box 3203, 830 N.E. Holladay Street, Portland, 

OR 97208 Phone: (503) 234-3361

Title: City of Reedsport Water Supply

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer

Delineation

Location(s): Western Oregon 

Produces): Rinella, J. F., Frank, F. J., and Leonard, A. R.,

1980, Evaluation of water resources in the Reedsport

area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report

80-444, 37 p.

Title: Water Resources of Western Douglas County, Oregon

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer

Delineation 

Locationfs): Western Oregon

Title: Hydrology of Estuarine Intertidal Environments

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Regional Estuary Research

Locations): Northwestern Oregon (Tillamook Embayment),

Maryland, and Virginia (Potomac River Estuary) 

Produces): Glenn, J. L., 1978, Sediment sources and Holocene

sedimentation history in Tillamook Bay, Oregon: Data and

preliminary interpretations: U.S. Geological Survey

Open - File Report 78-680, 64 p.

WASHINGTON

The heart of the Washington CZM program is the 

Shoreline Management Act of 1971 (SMA), which 

mandates each local government to carry out a 

"master program" under State guidance for 

shorelines under its jurisdiction. In July 1976, the 

State became the first in the Nation to receive Federal approval for its CZM program.

The SMA embodies a basic policy of planning for 

and fostering all reasonable and appropriate uses. In 

highly valued or sensitive areas designated as 

shorelines of statewide significance, the Act gives 

preference to shoreline uses that

 recognize and protect the statewide interest 

over local interest;

 preserve the natural character of the 

shorelines;

 result in long-term over short-term benefit;

 protect the resources and ecology of the 

shorelines;

 increase public access to publicly owned 

areas of the shorelines; and

 increase recreational opportunities for the 

public in the shoreline.

In addition to the SMA, several other State 

laws are incorporated by reference into the State 

CZM network. Planning and regulatory activities 

stemming from these network programs, such as 

those of the Energy Facility Site Evaluation 

Council, are administered separately by several 

State agencies and are not statutorily related to 

the shoreline management efforts.

Local master programs are reviewed and approved by the State through its Department of 

Ecology. Approved local programs are adopted as 

State regulations. The shoreline permit system is 

overseen by a six-member Shorelines Hearings 

Board, a State administrative appellate body 

created by the SMA.

In support of local shoreline planning and regulatory efforts, the Department of Ecology has 

developed a coastal zone atlas series for coastal 

counties. Information contained in each atlas in-
eludes areas of slope stability, habitats, basic geology, littorial drift, coastal flooding, and ground- 

- water and aggregate resources.

CZM BOUNDARY

The management program established in the 

Shoreline Management Act applies to all 

"shorelines of the State," including both 

"shorelines" and "shorelines of statewide significance." The Act applies to all marine water areas 

of the State, to streams with a mean annual flow 

of 20 ft3/s or more, and to lakes larger than 20 

acres. It also applies to adjacent land areas extending landward 200 ft from the ordinary 

high water mark and to all marshes, bogs, 

swamps, floodways, river deltas, and floodplains 

associated with water bodies subject to the Act.

It should be noted that the SMA is a statewide 

statute and its applicability is not limited to the 

coastal zone. Thus, in terms of boundaries for the 

CZM program, the State has defined a two-tier 

system. The first tier consists generally of all of 

the State's shorelines and their associated wetlands, including, at a minimum, all upland area 

200 ft landward from the ordinary high-water 

mark. The second tier is composed of the 

non-SMA area within the 15 coastal counties 

which front on saltwater. While local shoreline 

regulatory requirements apply principally within 

the first tier, management authority is extended 

to the second tier through the State's air and 

water quality authorities, the State Environmental Policy Act, and other authorities.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo-Bathy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Western Mapping Center, 345 

Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 

Phone: (415) 323-S111)

1:24,000

Anacortes South 

Crescent Harbor 

Deception Pass 

Dungeness 

Lopes Pass 

Oak Harbor 

Richardson 

Sequim 

Smith Island

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 345 

Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 

Phone: (415) 323-2214

Title: Geological Framework and Resource Assessment of Oregon Washington Continental Margin

Status: Begun 1980, as continuation of similar studies begun in 

1971

Type(s): Marine Investigation Resources

Locations): Coastal region west of the Olympic Peninsula, 

Wash., and southern Oregon

Investigators): P. D. Snavely, Jr.

Title: Land - Sea Geologic Maps

Status: Begun 1974, as sequel to earlier projects, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Coastal areas of Olympic Peninsuk and central 

Oregon

Investigators): P. D. Snavely, Jr.

Product(s): Snavely, P. D., Jr., Wagner, H. C., and Lander, 

D. L., 1980, Geologic cross section of the coastal Oregon 

continental margin: Geological Society of America Map 

Chart Series No. MC-281, 8 p. section, colored geologic 

map, scale 1:250,000.

Snavely, P. D., Jr., and Wagner, H. C., 1981, Geologic cross 

section across the Continental Margin off Cape Flattery, 

Wash., and Vancouver Island, B.C.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-0978, 6 p., 2 oversize sheets.

Title: Estuarine Deposits of Willapa Bay

Status: Begun 1973, recessed 1980

Type(s): Special Purpose Mineral Resource Investigation

Location(s): Willapa Bay

Investigator(s): H. E. Clifton

Produces): Hill, G. W., 1981, Facies characteristics and patterns in mid - estuary intertidal flat deposits, Willapa Bay, 

Wash.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report SI0162, 160 p.

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 12201 

Pacific Avenue, Room 600, Tacoma, WA 

98402 Phone: (206) 593-6510

Title: The Influence of Industrial and Municipal Wastes on Estuarine and Offshore Waters

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Effects of Waste 

on the Quality of Water in Estuaries; Effects of Development Dredging; Streamflow Modeling; Quality of Water Modeling

Location(s): Seattle, Wash.

Title: The Influence of Stream Hydraulics on Anadromous Fish 

Migration and Propagation

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Streamflow Characteristics; Environmental Assessment Salmon Spawning areas

34
Locatimifs): Washington statewide

Produces): Swift, C. H., Ill, 1977, Preferred stream discharges for salmon spawning and rearing in Washington: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 77-422, 50 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Chehalis Indian Reservation

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water

Locationfs): Southwestern Washington

Product(s): Pearson, H. E., and Higgins, G. T., 1977, Water

resources of the Chehalis Indian Reservation, Wash.: U.S.

Geological Survey Open - File Report, 60 p.

Title: Ground-Water Resources of the North Beach Peninsula, Pacific County, Wash.

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development Ground Water Withdrawals

Location(s): Southwestern Washington

Produces): Tracy, J. V., 1977, Ground-water resources of 

the North Beach Peninsula, Pacific County, Wash.: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open - File Report 76-647, 42 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Tulalip Indian Reservation

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Planning and Management Protection of Water Resources

Produces): Drost, B. W., 1978, Progress report on water resources of the Tulalip Indian Reservation, Wash.: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 78- 

31, 125 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Swinomish Indian Reservation

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Planning and Management Develop Water Resources, Fish 

Rearing Potential

Location(s): Northwestern Washington

Produces): Drost, B. W., 1979, Water resources of the 

Swinomish Indian Reservation, Wash.: U.S. Geological 

Survey Water - Resources Investigations 79-12, 100 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Kitsap Peninsula and Adjacent

Islands

Status: Completed FY 80 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer

Delineation

Locationfs): West-central Washington 

Produces): Hansen, A. J., and Balke, E. L., 1980, Ground-

- water availability on the Kitsap Peninsula, Wash.: U.S.

Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1186, 60 p.

Title: Water Resources of Areas Contiguous to the Nisqually 

Indian Reservation

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Planning and Management Low Flow Augmentation by 

Ground - Water Pumpage

Locationfs): Western Washington

Title: Water Resources of the Quileute Indian Reservation and

the Quillayute River Basin 

Status: Completed FY 79 (except report)

Type(s): Streamflow Characteristics; Quality of Water-Surface Water; Effects of Development 

Locationfs): Western Washington

Title: Water Resources of the Port Madison Indian Reservation, Washington

Status: Completed FY 78 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Planning and Management Develop 

and Manage Water Resources

Locationfs): Northwestern Washington

Title: Water Resources of the Port Gamble Indian Reservation, Washington

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water

Locationfs): Northwestern Washington

Produces): Lum, W. E., II, 1979, Water resources of the Port 

Gamble Indian Reservation, Wash.: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 79-66, 40 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Makah Indian Reservation, 

Wash.

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Waste 

Disposal and Contamination Sewer Lagoon Seepage

Locationfs): Northwestern Washington

Product(s): Dion, N. P., Walters, K. L., and Nelson, L. M., 

1980, Water resources of the Makah Indian Reservation, 

Wash.: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 80-15, 60 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Lower Elwha Indian Reservation, Wash.

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Effects of Development Stream Impoundments and Diversions

Locationfs): Northwestern Washington

Produces): Walters, K. L., Haushild, W. L., and Nelson, L. 

M., 1979, Water resources of the Lower Elwha Indian Reservation, Wash.: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 79-82, 40 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Gig Harbor Peninsula, Pierce

County, Wash.

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer

Delineation; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Quality

of Water - Surface Water 

Locationfs): Western Washington

Title: Water Resources of the Hoh Indian Reservation, Wash.

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Quality 

of Water - Surface Water; Waste Disposal and Contamination Septic Tanks

Locationfs): Western Washington

Title: Water Resources of the Shoalwater Indian Reservation,

Wash.

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Effects

35
of Development Ground-Water Withdrawals; Contamination Non-Point Pollutants in Streams 

Location(s): Western Washington

Title: Water Resources of Developed Areas in Clallam County, 

Wash.

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Effect of Ground-Water 

Withdrawals on Streamflow; Contamination Identify Potential Sources

Locations): Northwestern Washington

Title: Status of Saltwater Intrusion of Coastal Areas in

Washington 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Contamination Saltwater Intrusion 

Locations): Coastal Washington and Puget Sound

Title: Investigation of the Availability of Ground Water in the

Vicinity of the Nisqually Tribal Fish Hatchery 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water 

Locations): Western Washington

Title: Investigation of the Availability of an Improved Source 

of Ground-Water Supply for Taholah, Quinault Indian 

Reservation, Wash.

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Saltwater Intrusion; Effects of Development Ground-

- Water Withdrawals 

Locations): Western Washington

Title: Investigation of the Availability of Ground Water in the 

Vicinity of the Muckleshoot Tribal Fish Hatchery, Wash.

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Planning and Management Developing Water Supplies for Fish Hatchery

Location(s): Western Washington

Title: Quantitative Evaluation of Ground-Water Supplies of

Island County, Wash. 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Saltwater Intrusion; Effects of Development Ground-

- Water Withdrawals 

Locations): Western Washington

Title: Quantitative Evaluation of the Water Resources of the 

Tulalip Indian Reservation and Surrounding Area, 

Snohomish County, Wash.

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Northwestern Washington

Title: Preliminary Evaluation of the Water Resources of San

Juan County, Wash. 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Saltwater Intrusion; Effects of Development Ground-

- Water Withdrawals 

Locations): Northwestern Washington

AMERICAN SAMOA

American Samoa, the only U.S. Territory south 

of the Equator, consists of seven islands and about 

32,000 people. The territorial government is identical to that of a State, with a three-branch system. Local governmental units include 51 villages, 

14 counties, and 3 districts, though they do not 

have the range of powers of their counterparts in 

the States.

In May 1980, the Governor submitted for Federal approval a CZM program based on existing 

Territorial authorities and a new Executive Order 

(No.3-1980). Federal approval of the program was 

subsequently received in September 1980.

The CZM program puts into effect 16 coastal 

policies dealing with governmental processes, resources development, and protection. These policies are implemented through building zoning and 

air and water discharge permits administered by 

various Territorial government agencies. The 

Governor's Development Planning Office (DPO) is 

designated as the CZM agency with responsibilities that include Federal consistency determinations.

The 51 villages in American Samoa are given 

important roles for CZM program implementation. 

They are in the process of developing village coastal management plans, which incorporate the 16 

territorial CZM policies. These plans will be 

adopted by the village zoning board to serve as 

the basis for zoning decisions.

CZM BOUNDARY

The CZM program is applicable to all of the 

land mass (except excluded Federal lands), the 

territorial waters, and submerged lands within 

the 3 mi limit.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

At present, there are no ongoing USGS activities applicable to American Samoa.

GUAM

The basis of the Guam CZM program is P. L. 

12-200 enacted by the Guam Legislature in January 1975. The Act required the development of a 

Comprehensive Development Plan and created a 

Central Planning Council (CPC) and its staff arm, 

the Bureau of Planning, to carry out the task. In 

early 1979, the CPC adopted several new coastal 

policies and rules developed through Executive

36
Orders of the Governor. A CZM program was 

then submitted by the territory for Federal approval, which was subsequently received in September 1979.

Since there is no local government in the territory, Guam's CZM program is administered directly by the territorial government. Mechanisms 

developed by the Bureau of Planning for CZM 

program implementation include a land use districting system that guides development and zoning through the designation of urban, rural, agriculture, and conservation districts by the Territorial Planning Commission.

CZM BOUNDARY

The CZM program is applicable to the entire island of Guam and its territorial waters, excluding 

Federal lands.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Geologic Studies

At present, there are no ongoing geologic 

studies in Guam. During 1948-1957, however, the 

USGS in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps 

of Engineers conducted detailed geologic studies 

of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and several other islands in the region. Information resulting from these studies may be obtained by 

contacting Chief, Office of Marine Geology, U.S. 

Geological Survey, 930 National Center, Reston, 

VA 22092 Phone: (703) 860-7241.

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 1833 

Kalakava Avenue, 5th floor, Honolulu, HI 

96815 Phone: (808) 955-0251

Title: Northern Guam Aquifer Study 

Status: Ongoing FY 1981 

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation 

Location(s): Northern Guam

NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS

In January 1978, a new constitutional government was elected by the people of Northern 

Mariana Islands. In the same month, the Governor by Executive Order established the Office of 

Planning and Budget Affairs (PBAO) and instructed it to develop a CZM program for Federal 

approval. Subsequently, Federal approval of the 

program was received in September 1980.

There are no local governments in Northern 

Mariana Islands and, therefore, land and water 

uses are subject to the direct control of the Commonwealth. Through the CZM program, the Commonwealth establishes shoreline, wetland, lagoon 

and reef, and port/industrial areas as areas of particular concerns (APC's) in which any project not 

otherwise excluded is subject to control under a 

coastal permit process. Projects outside of APC's 

having effects on coastal waters are also subject to 

the permit process.

CZM BOUNDARY

The coastal zone is defined to include islands of 

Saipan, Tinian, Rota, and all the remaining land 

and water areas of the Commonwealth.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

At present, there are no ongoing USGS activities applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands. Certain geologic information, however, is 

available. During 1948-1957, the USGS in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted detailed geologic studies of Guam, the 

Northern Mariana Islands, and several other islands in the region. Information resulting from 

these studies may be obtained by contacting 

Chief, Office of Marine Geology, U.S. Geological 

Survey, 930 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 

Phone: (703) 860-7241.

ATLANTIC AND GULF STATES

Atlantic States in general have long established 

a tradition of local home rule, and their CZM decisionmaking processes usually reflect a delicate 

balance between State and local interests. At the 

State level, for example, concerns for protecting 

important fishery habitats are commonly embodied in laws and programs designed to control 

wetlands. These measures, however, are frequently not strictly enforced in deference to varied local concerns for economic development. As a 

rule, State CZM decisionmaking is restricted to 

controlling sizable or special developments involving such resource areas as wetlands. Local governments usually have wide-ranging authorities 

to control land and water uses within their own 

jurisdictions, with the State government exercising little if any overview authority over local practices.

Gulf States are, in essence, similar to the Atlantic States. They are, however, particularly concerned with statewide economic development and 

protection against hazards stemming from coastal 

storms. Their CZM decisionmaking processes,

37
therefore, tend to place high priority on the facilitation of environmentally tolerable economic developmental activities.

Territories in this region are economically dependent on tourism related activities. Their 

CZM decisionmaking processes are operated centrally by the territorial governments with little involvement by local political subdivisions.

ALABAMA

The statutory basis for the Alabama CZM program is the Alabama Coastal Area Act of 1976, 

which established an autonomous Coastal Area 

Board (CAB) to monitor existing State regulatory 

programs such as wetlands control in the coastal 

zone. Federal approval of the program was received in September 1979.

The CAB is authorized to develop and promulgate coastal policies and to review State permits 

on regulated land and water uses to ensure their 

compliance with declared coastal policies. It is also 

authorized to issue permits on unregulated land 

and water uses. In essence, the State's primary 

concern in the coastal zone is to ensure that 

needed coastal developments will not degrade 

such resources as wetlands, submerged grassbeds, 

beaches, dunes, oyster reefs, and wildlife. In the 

initial 3-5 years, the CZM program places highest 

priority on the acquisition of additional baseline 

data and techniques to address developmental issues involving these resources.

The CAB maintains its own staff and office in 

Daphne, Ala. As lead agency for the federally approved CZM program, the CAB is solely responsible for all activities relating to the determination 

of Federal consistency.

CZM Boundary

The Alabama CZM program is applicable to all 

coastal waters and adjacent shorelands within the 

10-ft contour, including transitional and intertidal areas, salt marshes, and wetlands, as well as 

coastal island beaches located within the limit of 

the United States territorial sea.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo-Bathy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Eastern Mapping Center, USGS, 536 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6336

1:250,000 

Mobile

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, P.O. 

Box V, University, AL 35486 Phone: (205) 

752-^8104.

Title: Discharge and Quality of the Mobile River Distributaries 

Statiis: Ongoing FY 1981

Type(s): Streamflow Characteristics; Quality of Water Investigation 

Locations): Southwestern Alabama

Title: Southeastern Coastal Plain Regional Aquifer System 

Status: Ongoing FY 1981

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis RASA 

Location(s): Alabama statewide

CONNECTICUT

The State's CZM program is based on the Connecticut Coastal Management Act of 1978 

(CCMA), which establishes specific coastal policies, standards, and procedures for implementation through State and local agencies. Federal approval of the program was received in September 

1980.

The State's Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) is designated by the CCMA as the 

lead agency for implementing the CZM program, 

including certification for consistency of all State, 

local, and Federal actions subject to the management program.

The CCMA does not substantially alter the 

existing governmental regulatory jurisdictions already exercised by State or local agencies. 

Rather, it seeks to improve the existing management framework by providing specific review 

standards and policies to be used by State and 

local regulatory programs and by requiring the 

DEP to oversee a coastal site plan review process 

covering certain activities subject to local zoning. 

In addition, special planning procedures will be 

implemented to address problems relating to 

shoreline erosion, shorefront access and protection, energy facilities, dredging, and the disposal 

of dredged materials.

CZM BOUNDARY

Connecticut has established a two - tiered management boundary. The primary nearshore tier is 

bounded on the seaward side by the limit of the 

State's jurisdiction in Long Island Sound. On the 

landward side, this tier is bounded by a continuous line delineated by a 1,000-foot linear setback 

measured from the inland boundary of State regulated tidal wetlands, or the continuous interior

38
contour elevation of the 100-year frequency coastal flood zone, whichever is farthest inland.

The secondary inland tier includes all areas, except those in the primary tiers, within the inland 

boundary of the 36 coastal municipalities.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6631

Title: Bedrock and Surficial Geology of Connecticut 

Status: Ongoing, scheduled for completion in 1981 

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Statewide 

Investigators): 3. P. Schafer

Title: Cooperative Geologic Studies of Long Island Sound 

Status: Begun 1980, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resource Investigations

Location(s): Long Island Sound 

Investigator(s): R. N. Oldale

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 135 

High Street, Room 235, Hartford, CT 06103 

Phone:(203)244-2528

Title: Significant Changes in Ground-Water Quality in Connecticut as a Result of Human Activities

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination; Quality of WaterGround Water; Effects of Development; Planning and Management

Locationfs): Connecticut statewide

Produces): Handman, E. H., Grossman, I. G., Bingham, J. W., 

and Rolston, J. L., 1979, Major sources of ground - water 

contamination in Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations Open - File Report 79-1069, 

50 p.

Title: Water Resources of Connecticut, Part 8: Quinnipiac River 

Basin

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal River Basin, Ground and Surface 

Water

Tjocati&nfs): Quinnipiac River Basin, Connecticut

Product(s): Mazzaferro, D. L., Handman, E. H., and Thomas, M. 

P., 1979, Water resources inventory of Connecticut, part 8, 

Quinnipiac River Basin: Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin, no. 27,88 p., 5 pi.

Title: Environmental and Resource Demonstration Study of the

Connecticut Valley Urban Area 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Planning and Management; Areal Appraisal; Aquifer

Delineation; Effects of Development Urbanization

Locations): Connecticut statewide

Produces): Frimpton, M. P., 1980, Map showing ground water availability in the northern part of the Connecticut 

Valley urban area, central New England: U.S. Geological 

Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map 1-1074, 1 p.

Title: Hydrogeology and Sustained Yields of Stratified Drift

Aquifers in South - Central Connecticut 

Status: Completed FY 80 

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation 

Locationfs): South - central Connecticut 

Produces): Haeni, F. P., 1980, Hydrogeologic data for

south-central Connecticut: Connecticut Water Resources

Bulletin 32, 46 p., 1 pi.

Title: Ground-Water Availability and Water Quality in Southwestern Connecticut, Fairfield County

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Effects of Development GroundWater Withdrawals

Location(s): Southwestern Connecticut

DELAWARE

The Delaware CZM program is based on four 

existing State coastal laws: (a) the Underwater 

Lands Act, which regulates uses in State bottom 

from mean high tide to the limits of State jurisdiction; (b) the Beach Preservation Act, which controls 

uses on beaches and dunes: (c) the Wetlands Act, 

which controls activities in tidal wetlands both 

saline and fresh; and (d) the Coastal Zone Act, which 

prohibits heavy industry and bulk product transfer 

facilities from locating in a land water coastal strip 

along the State's shorelines bordering the Delaware 

River, Delaware Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean. Federal approval of the program was received in September 1979.

In addition to the four basic coastal laws, several other statewide statutes such as the Erosion 

and Sediment Control Act were also incorporated 

into the CZM program. The State's Office of Management, Budget, and Planning is the lead agency 

for the program, though implementation responsibilities are shared by several other State agencies.

CZM BOUNDARY

Delaware has included the entire State within 

its coastal management program boundary, basing 

this decision on the proximity of nearly all lands in 

the State to coastal waters.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo-Bathy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Eastern Mapping Center, USGS, 536

39
National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703)860-6336

1:250,000 

Wilmington

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: (703) 

860-6631.

Title: Sediments and Surficial Geology of Delmarva Peninsula

Status: Completed 1979

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Delmarva Peninsula of Delaware and Maryland

Tnvestigator(s): J. P. Owens

Produces): Denny, C. S., and Owens, J. P., 1979, Sand Dunes 

on the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware and Maryland; U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 1067-C, 15 p.

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD Hydrologist - in -Charge, 

USGS, Federal Building, Room 1201, 300 S. 

New Street, Dover, DE 19901 Phone: (302) 

734-2506

Title: Delaware Coastal Aquifers Study

Status: Completed FY 1980 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Aquifer Modeling

TA)cation(s): Central and southern Delaware

Produces): Hodges, A. L., Jr., 1977, Availability of ground

water on the Delmarva Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 77-759, 6 p.

Title: Digital Model of the Unconfined Aquifer in West - Central and Southern Delaware

Status: Ongoing FY 1981

Type(s): Aquifer Modeling; Effects of Development Ground 

Water Withdrawals

Locationfs): Southwestern Delaware

FLORIDA

The State's program is based on the Florida 

Coastal Management Act of 1978, which directs 

that a CZM program be developed with the 

State's existing authorities codified under the 

Florida Statutes. Federal approval was received 

in September 1981.

The statutes that constitute the Florida CZM 

program are of three general types. Most establish State policy on substantive matters such as 

fisheries, water resources, and State lands. Other 

statutes combine substantive policy and procedural matters. An example of this kind of statute is the Industrial Siting Act. Finally, some 

statutes are primarily procedural, and establish 

processes for developing or implementing State 

policy. Three statutes which fall into this category

include the Administrative Procedures Act, the 

Public Records Act, and the Regional Planning 

Council Act.

The State's Department of Environmental Regulation is the lead agency for the CZM program. 

The Department already administers many of the 

key State statutes incorporated into the draft 

CZM program.

CZM BOUNDARY

The entire State is included in the CZM boundary, with the exception that Federal consistency 

will only be applicable in coastal counties.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo-Bathy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Eastern Mapping Center, USGS, 536 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703)860-6336

1:250,000 

Gainesville 

Tarpon Springs

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: (703) 

860-6631

Title: Coral Reef Studies

Status: Begun 1980, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Offshore areas near Key Largo 

Investigators): E. A. Shinn

Title: Petroleum Potentials of Subsurface Carbonate Rocks

Status: Begun 1980, continuing

Type(s): Special Mineral Resources Investigation

Locations): South Florida Basin

Investigator(s): J. G. Palacas

Title: Mineral Resources Evaluations in Florida Wilderness

and Roadless Areas 

Status: Begun 1979, continuing 

Type(s): Special Mineral Resources Investigation 

Location(s): Liberty, Baker, Leon, and Marion Counties, with 

focus on Appalachicola, Ocala, and Osceola National 

Forests

Investigates): 3. B. Cathcart, and C. C. Cameron 

Produces): Cameron, C. C., and Mory, P. C., 1977, Mineral 

resources of the Bradwell Bay Wilderness and the 

Soychoppy River study area, Wakulla County, with sections on phosphate by J. B. Cathcart, and sand by P. J. 

Geracci: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1431, 37 p.

Title: Everglades Peat Deposition

Status: Continuing

Type(s): Special Mineral Resources Investigation; Environ40
mental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigations 

Locationfs): Everglades and coastal swamps (wetlands) of

Florida 

Investigator(s): Z. S. Altschuler

Title: Environmental Studies of the West Florida Continental

Shelf

Status: Begun 1980, continuing 

Type(s): Mineral Resource, Environmental Conditions and

Geologic Hazards Conditions 

Locations): West Florida continental shelf 

Investigator(s): C. W. Holmes

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 325 

Knox Road, Suite F-240, Tallahassee, FL 32303 

Phone: (904) 368-1118

Title: Hydrology of Proposed Mining Areas in Hardee, Southwestern Polk, Southeast Hillsborough, Eastern Manatee, 

and Northwestern Desoto Counties, Southwestern Florida

Status: Ongoing F Y 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water

Location(s): Southwestern Florida

Title: Evaluation of Urban Runoff Pollution Control Measures in

Pinellas County, Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Detention Ponds;

Quality of Water Surface Water 

Locations): West - central Florida

Title: Southeast Limestone Aquifer Systems Analysis 

West Central Florida Subarea 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Location(s): West - central Florida

Title: Southeast Limestone Aquifer Systems Analysis 

East - Central Florida Subarea 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Location(s): East-central Florida

Title: Southeast Limestone Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis South Florida Subarea 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Tjocation(s): Southern Florida

Title: Southeast Limestone Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis Northwest Florida and Southeast Alabama subarea 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Location(s): Northwestern Florida and southeastern Alabama

Title: Hydrogeology of Northern Collier County, Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Ground Water 

Locations): Southwestern Florida

Title: Investigations of Deeper Zones in the Floridan Aquifer 

in Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion 

Locations): Northeastern Florida

Title: Hydrology of the Sulfur Springs Quadrangle, Hills

borough County, Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water 

Locations): West - central Florida

Title: Long Term Subsurface Wastewater Injection Tests,

St. Petersburg, Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Waste Injection

into Aquifers; Quality of Water Ground Water 

Locations): West - central Florida

Title: Delineation of Ground-Water Sources for Drinking

Water, Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Statewide Freshwater Supplies,

Ground and Surface Water; Planning and Management 

Location(s): Florida statewide

Title: Interrelation Between the Floridan Aquifer and Selected 

Streams Using Seismic Surveys, West - Central Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation Interconnection to Rivers, 

Streams, and Estuaries; Environmental Assessment

Location(s): Southwestern Florida

Title: Appraisal of the Shallow Aquifer of the Lower East 

Coast of Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion

Locations): Southeastern Florida

Title: Water Resources Investigation of Flagler County, 

Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development Urbanization; Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Eastern Florida

Title: Ground-Water Resources of Coastal Citrus, Hernando, 

and Levy Counties, Southwest Florida Waste Management District

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water

Locationfs): Southwestern Florida

Title: Occurrence and Origins of Mineralized Ground Waters in

Coastal Manasota and Piece Basins, Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Quality of

Water Ground Water 

Location's): Southwestern Florida

Title: Hydrogeology of Well Field Areas Near Tampa, Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation Hydrologic Properties; Aquifer 

Modeling

41
Locations): West - central Florida

Title: Hydrogeology of Shallow Aquifers, Sarasota - Port

Charlotte Area, Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Aquifer Delineation 

Locations): Southwestern Florida

Title: Areal Appraisal of Biscayne Aquifer Water Quality,

Dade County, Florida 

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Quality of Water Ground Water 

Location(s): Southern Florida

Title: Loxahatchee River Estuary Environmental Assessment

Status: Ongoing FY 71

Type(s): Environmental Assessment; Quality of Water Surface Water; Contamination Sewage Inflow

Location(s): Southeastern Florida

Product(s): McPherson, B. F., and Saganskas, Maryann, 1980, 

Hydrologic and land - cover features of the Loxahatchee 

River Basin, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 80-1109, 1 p.

Title: Landfill Leachate and Sanitary Waste Effluent Spray

Study

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Effect of Solid

and Liquid Waste on Ground Water 

Location(s): West central Florida

Title: Investigation of the Shallow Aquifer at the U.S. Naval 

Station, Mayport, Florida

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Northeastern Florida

Product(s): Franks, B. J., 1980, The surficial aquifer at the 

U.S. Naval Station near Mayport, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-765, 13 p.

Title: Assessment of the Interconnection Between Tampa Bay 

and the Floridan Aquifer, Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Effects of Development Dredging

Location(s): West-central Florida

Title: Assessment of the Interconnection Between the St. 

Johns River and the Shallow Aquifer in East Duval 

County, Florida

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Effects of Development Dredging

Location(s): Northeastern Florida

Title: Prospectus for Storage and Recovery of Freshwater in

Saline Aquifers, South Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation Saline Water Aquifers 

Location(s): Southeastern Florida

Title: Ground-Water Resources Investigations of Eastern

Nassau County, Florida and Southeastern Camden

County, Georgia

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Effects of Development Industrial Ground-Water

Withdrawals; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion 

Location(s): Northeast Florida - southeast Georgia

Title: Water Resources Assessment of the Manasota Basin in

Southwest Florida

Status: Completed FY 78 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water 

Location(s): Southwest Florida

Title: Hydrology of the Floridan Aquifer in the Withlacoochee

River Basin, Florida 

Status: Completed FY 79 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water 

Location(s): West - central Florida

Title: Radionuclides in Ground Water in Sarasota County,

Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Quality of Water Ground Water; Contamination 

Radionuclides 

Location(s): Southwestern Florida

Title: Saltwater Intrusion in Cape Coral, Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Contamination Saltwater Intrusion in Ground Water

Locationfs): Southern Florida

Title: Apalachicola River Quality Assessment

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water, Streaniflow Characteristics

Location(s): Northwestern Florida

Product(s): Mattraw, H. C., Jr., and Elder, J. F., 1980, Nutrient yield of the Apalachicola River flood plain, Florida: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 

80-51, 26 p.

Title: Geohydrology of Sinkholes, West - Central Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Ground-Water Withdrawals; Environmental Assessment 

Location^s): West central Florida

Title: Biscayne Aquifer A Sole - Source Evaluation

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Regional 

Ground Water

Location(s): Southern Florida

Produces): Klein, H., and Hull, J. E., 1978, Biscayne Aquifer, 

southeast Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 78-107, 52 p.

Title: Assessment of the Hydrologic and Physical Characteristics of the Everglades National Park East Boundary Area, 

Dade County, Florida

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Effects of Development Change in water levels and 

water quality on ecology; Environmental assessment

Locations): Southern Florida

42
Title: Feasibility of Storing Surplus Freshwater in Saline

Aquifers, Lee County, Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation Saline Water Aquifers 

Location(s): Southwestern Florida

Title: Impact of Altered Freshwater Inflow on the Tidal and 

Salinity Characteristics of the Alafia River and Bullfrog 

Creek Estuaries, Florida

Status: Completed FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Estuaries

Locations): West-central Florida

Produces): Giovannelli, R. F., 1980, Relation between freshwater flow and salinity distributions in the Alafia River, 

Bullfrog Creek, and Hillsborough Bay, Florida: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80- 

102, 100 p.

Title: Investigation of the Hydrology of St. Johns

County, Florida

Status: Completed FY 78 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Saltwater Intrusion; Aquifer Delineation 

Location(s): Eastern Florida

Title: Shallow Aquifer Investigation in Jacksonville, Florida

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation

Locations): Northeast Florida

Product(s): Causey, L. V., and Phelps, G. G., 1978, Availability of Water from the shallow aquifer in Duval County, 

Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 78-92, 36 p.

Title: Floridan Aquifer as a Source of Water for Desalting in 

the Florida Keys

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Saline Ground Water

Locations): Southern Florida

Product(s): Beaven, T. R., and Meyer, F. W., 1978, Record of 

wells in the Floridan aquifer in Dade and Monroe Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

78-881, 30 p.

Title: Evaluation of Available Freshwater Resources of Big 

Pine Key, Florida

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water

Location(s): Southern Florida

Produces): Hanson, C. E., 1980, Freshwater resources of Big 

Pine Key, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-447, 1 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Fort Walton Beach Area,

Florida

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Effects

of Development Ground - Water Withdrawals 

Locations): Northwest Florida

Title: An Evaluation of the High Permeability Zone of the 

Shallow Aquifer, Palm Beach County, Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Waste Disposal and Contamination Landfills; Effects of Development Ground - Water 

Withdrawals

Locations): Southeast Florida

Title: Hydrologic Effects of Proposed Ground-Water Development, West - Central Florida

Status: Completed FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Effects of Phosphate Mining 

(Pumpage) on Ground-Water Levels and Quality of 

Water

Locations): West - central Florida

Produces): Wilson, W. E., and Gerhart, J. M., 1981, Simulated effects of ground - water development on the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer, west - central 

Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper (in 

press).

Wilson, W. E., 1981, Estimated effects of projected ground- 

- water withdrawals on movement of the saltwater front 

in the Floridan aquifer, 1976-2000, west - central Florida: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper (in press).

Title: Water Supply Assessment and Evaluation of the Hillsborough River Basin, Florida

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Surface Water; Contamination 

Non - Point - Source Pollution

Location(s): West - central Florida

Produces): Goetz, C. C., Reichenbaugh, R. C., and Ogle, J. 

K., 1978, Water-supply potential of the lower Hillsborough River, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 78-29, 40 p.

Title: Aquifer Mapping, Southwest Florida Water Management District

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): West-central Florida

Produces): Buono, A., and Rutledge, A. T., 1978, Configuration of the top of the Floridan aquifer, Southwest Florida 

Water Management District and adjacent areas: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 78- 

34, Ip.

Title: Water Resources of the Upper East Coast, Florida

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation;

Planning and Management 

Location(s): Southeastern Florida 

Produces): Miller, W. L., 1979, Hydrologic and geologic data

from the upper East Coast Planning area, southeast

Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-

1543, 99 p.

Title: Investigation of Saltwater Contamination of the Floridan 

Aquifer at Fernandina Beach, Florida

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; ContaminationSaltwater Intrusion; Effects of Development Industrial 

Ground - Water Withdrawals

Location(s): Northeastern Florida

Produces): Fairchild, R. W., and Bentley, C. B., 1977,

43
Saline-water intrusion in the Floridan aquifer in the Fernandina Beach area, Nassau County, Florida: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 77- 

32, 27 p.

Title: Hydrologic Study of the Fakahatchee Strand, Collier

County, Florida 

Status: Completed FY 77 

Type(s): Effects of Development Effect of Canals on Ground

Water

Locations): South Florida 

Produces): Swayze, L. J., and McPherson, B. F., 1977, The

effect of the Faka Union Canal system on water levels in

the Fakahatchee Strand, Collier County, Florida: U.S.

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 77-

61, 24 p.

Title: Water Resources Inventory of Northwest Florida

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Regional Ground and Surface

Water

Location(s): Northwest Florida 

Produces): Dysart, J. E., and others, 1977, Water resources

inventory of northwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey

Water Resources Investigations Open-File Report 77-

84, 114 p.

Title: Aquifer Characteristics in the Southwest Florida Water 

Management District Area

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Southwest Florida

Produces): Wolansky, R. M., Barr, G. L., and Spechler, R. 

M., 1981, Generalized configuration of the bottom of the 

Floridan aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management 

District: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open - File Report 79-1490.

Title: Quantitative Investigations of the Biscayne Aquifer,

Southeast Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Effects of Development Effects of Pumpage on

Ground - Water Levels 

Location(s): Southeastern Florida

Title: Hydrology of Central Pollution Control Zone, Area B,

Sarasota County, Florida 

Status: Completed FY 77 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Fresh and Saline Ground Water;

Aquifer Delineation 

Locations): Southwest Florida

Title: Aquifer Mapping Central and Southern Florida

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Planning and Management 

Aquifer Maps 

Locations): Southern Florida

Title: Water Resources in the Waccasassa River Basin, Florida 

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water 

Location(s): West - central Florida

Produces): Taylor, G. F., 1976, Water resources in the Waccasassa River basin, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 77-101, 10 p.

Title: Ochlocknee River Basin Hydrologic Investigation 

Status: Completed FY 78 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface water 

Location(s): Northwest Florida

Title: Potential of the Shallow Aquifer in Brevard County 

Status: Completed FY 78 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development Ground - Water Withdrawals 

Locatiati(s): East-central Florida

Title: Preliminary Evaluation of Hydrologic Conditions in Manatee County, Florida

Status: Completed FY 77 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Effects 

of Development Urbanization

Location(s): West-central Florida

Title: Hydrology, Central Volusia County

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Effects of Development Land Use (Drainage) versus

Ground - Water Recharge; Environmental assessment 

Locaticm(s): East central Florida 

Produces): Bush, P. W., 1977, Hydrologic evaluation of an

area in central Volusia County, Florida, for use as a well

field: U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Release, Tallahassee, Fla., 55 p.

Title: Investigation of Contaminates in Stormwater Runoff in 

Broward County, Florida

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Stormwater 

Runoff; Effects of Development Urbanization; Quality of 

Water Surface Water; Planning and Management 

Stormwater Runoff 

Location(s): Southeastern Florida

Produces): Jennings, M. E., and Doyle, W. H., Jr., 1978, Deterministic modeling of urban stormwater processes, Broward County, Florida, in Proceedings, International Symposium on Urban Stormwater Management, July 1978, p. 

275-281.

Title: Hydrology of Urban Areas in the Tampa Bay Region

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Stormwater

Runoff; Effects of Development Urbanization; Quality of

Water Surface Water 

Locations): West-central Florida 

Produces): Lopez, M. A., and Michaelis, D. M., 1978, Rainfall

and urban storm runoff quality and quantity data in the

Tampa Bay area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey

Open - File Report 78-125, 100 p.

Title: Hydrology of the Spring Complexes of Coastal

West - Central Florida 

Status: Completed FY 78 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Springs and Surface Water (use for

water supplies); Environmental Assessment 

Locations): West-central Florida

44
Produces): Sinclair, W. C., 1978, Preliminary evaluation of 

the water supply potential of the spring-river system in 

Weeki Wachee area and lower Withlacoochee River, 

west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 78-74, 40 p.

Title: Water Quality Modeling of Selected Florida Estuaries

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water; Streamflow Characteristics; Effects of Development Urbanization; Planning and Management Waste Load Allocations

Produces): Seaburn, G. E., Jennings, M. E., and Merritt, M. 

L., 1978, Waste load allocation studies for selected 

west-central Florida estuaries Crystal River, 

Homosassa River, Cross Bayou, and Anclote River: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 78- 

54, 55 p.

Title: Water Resources Evaluation of the Sandy Flatlands, 

Palm Beach County

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development Urbanization; Quality of Water Canals, Ground 

Water

Locations): Southeast Florida

Product(s): Scott, W. B., 1977, Hydraulic conductivity and 

water quality of the shallow aquifer, Palm Beach County, 

Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 76-119, 22 p.

Title: Subsurface Storage of Stormwater and Waste Treatment

Plant Effluent, St. Petersburg, Florida 

Status: Completed FY 81 

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Well Injection,

Stormwater Runoff and Liquid Waste; Quality of Water 

Ground Water

Locations): West-central Florida 

Product(s): Hickey, J. J., 1980, Hydrogeology and results of

injection tests at waste - injection test sites in Pinellas

County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply

Paper 2183.

Title: Effects of Solid Waste Landfills on Ground-Water Quality, Dade County, Florida

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Solid Waste; 

Quality of Water Ground Water

Locations): Southeastern Florida

Produces): Mattraw, H. C., Hull, J. E., and Klein, H., 1978, 

Ground-water quality near the Northwest 58th Street 

solid-waste facility, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 78-45, 79 p.

Title: Water Resources, Martin County

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; ContaminationSaltwater Encroachment; Effects of Development Urbanization

Locations): Southeastern Florida

Produces): Miller, R. A., 1977, Water resources of the shallow 

aquifer, Martin County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water - Resources Investigations 77-68, 50 p.

Title: Hydrologic Evaluation of Potential Well Field Areas, 

West - Central Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Modeling; Effects of Developmentr GroundWater Withdrawals

Locations): West - central Florida

Produces): Ryder, P. D., Johnson, D. M., and Gerhart, J. M., 

1980, Model evaluation of the hydrogeology of the Morris 

Bridge well-field and vicinity in west-central Florida: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 

80-29, 92 p.

Title: Englewood Water District, Monitoring Program 

Status: Completed FY 79 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Effects of Development Urbanization 

Location(s): Southwest Florida

Title: Estuarine Hydrology, Tampa Bay Model

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Streamflow Model Bay; Quality of Water Surface 

Water; Effects of Development Dredging

Location(s): Central Gulf Coast, Florida

Product(s): Goodwin, C. R., 1979, Preliminary simulated flow 

and circulation patterns on Hillsborough Bay, Florida: 

U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report, 12 p.

Title: Springs of Florida

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Springs and Submarine Discharge; 

Environmental Assessment

Location(s): Florida statewide

Produces): Rosenau, J. C., Faulkner, G. L., Hendry, C. W., 

Jr., and Hull, R. W., 1977, Florida's springs: Florida Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Geology Bulletin 31, 600 p.

Title: Geohydrologic Study of a Landfill and Septic Tank Effluent Operation in a Coastal Limestone Environment, St. 

Petersburg, Pinellas County, Florida

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Municipal 

Waste; Quality of Water Ground Water

Location(s): West-central Florida

Produces): Fernandez, Mario, Jr., 1978, Water quality data 

from a sludge disposal test site, St. Petersburg, Florida: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 

78-821, 1 p.

Title: Water Resources of Riviera Beach, Florida

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; ContaminationSaltwater Intrusion

Location(s): Southeastern Florida

Product(s): Land, L. F., 1977, Ground-water resources of 

the Riviera Beach area, Palm Beach County, Florida: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 77- 

47, 44 p.

Title: Water Resources at the Hallandale Area, Florida 

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Assessment Ground Water; Contamination 

Saltwater Intrusion

45
Locations): Southeastern Florida

Title: Water Resources of Palm Beach County, Florida

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Saltwater Intrusion; Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Southeast Florida

Product(s): Fischer, J. W., Jr., 1980, Evaluation of a cavity riddled zone of the shallow aquifer near Riviera 

Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 80-60, 45 p.

Title: Hydrology of the Sand - and Gravel Aquifer; Pensacola, Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development Ground - Water Withdrawals; Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Northwestern Florida

Product(s): Trapp, Henry, Jr., 1979, Water in the Pensacola 

Florida area: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources 

Investigations Open File Report 78-89, 13 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Hollywood, Florida area

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Saltwater Intrusion; Aquifer Delineation 

Location(s): Southeastern Florida

Title: Subsurface Waste Storage, Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Industrial 

Waste; Aquifer Mapping; Quality of Water Ground 

Water; Planning and Management Hydrologic Atlas 

Maps

Locations): Florida statewide

Product(s): Vecchioli, John, McKenzie, D. J., Pascale, C. A., 

and Wilson, W. E., 1979, Active Waste - injection systems 

in Florida, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1296, 33 p.

Miller, J. A., 1979, Potential subsurface zones for liquid waste storage in Florida: Florida Bureau of Geology 

Map Series 94, 1 p.

Title: Environmental Studies, Statewide

Status: Ended FY 80

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water; Planning and Management Hydrologic Atlas Maps; Environmental Assessment

Location(s): Florida statewide

Product(s): Dysart, J. E., and Goolsby, D. A., 1977, Dissolved 

solids loads and concentrations in Florida surface waters: 

Florida Department of Environmental Regulations, Map 

Series no. 77, 1 p.

Title: Hydrology of Western Collier County, Florida 

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal assessment Ground and Surface Water; Effects of Development Canals 

r,ocation(s): Southwest Florida

Title: An Evaluation of the Water Resources in Duval and

Nassau Counties, Florida 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Effects of Development Urbanization; Waste Disposal and Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Planning and Management Hydrologic Atlas Maps; 

Aquifer Modeling

Location(s): Northeast Florida

Product(s): Leve, G. W., 1980, Seasonal and annual variations 

in the potentiometric levels in the Floridan aquifer in 

Duval County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 80-164, 1 p.

Title: Investigations of the Use of Deep Wells for Waste Disposal Near Pensacola, Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Industrial 

Waste; Quality of Water Investigations Ground Water

TMcation(s): Northwest Florida

Product(s): Pascale, C. A., and Martin, J. B., 1978, Hydrologic monitoring of waste injection wells near Pensacola, 

Florida, March 1970-March 1977: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water - Resources Investigations 78-27, 61 p.

Title: Effects of Man-Made Contaminants on Water Resources of Broward County, Florida

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination; Effects of Development Urbanization, Landfills; Quality of Water 

Canals

Location(s): Southeastern Florida

Product(s): Sonntag, W. H., 1980, Water -quality data for 

canals in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1975-78: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open - File Report 80-405, 43 p.

Title: Ground Water Studies in Fort Lauderdale, Florida 

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Effects of Development Withdrawals, Canals 

Tjocation(s): Southeast Florida

Title: Water Resources of Everglades National Park, Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Effects

of Development Urbanization 

Location(s): Southern Florida

Title: Water Resources of Broward County, Florida

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Effects 

of Development Urbanization

Location(s): Southeastern Florida

Product(s): Beaven, T. R., 1979, Hydrologic conditions in Broward County, Florida, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 79-1258, 93 p.

Title: Ground - Water Conditions in the Cocoa Well Field Area

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Ground - Water Withdrawals; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion

Locations): Central Florida

Produces): Tibbals, C. H., and Frazee, J. M., Jr., 1976, 

Ground-water hydrology of the Cocoa well-field area, 

Orange County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 75-676, 67 p.

46
Title: Water Atlas

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Planning and Management State Water Resources

Atlas Maps

Locations): Florida statewide 

Product(s): Stewart, J. W., 1980, Areas of natural recharge to

the Floridan aquifer in Florida: Florida Bureau of Geology

Map Series 98, 1 p.

Title: Water Resources, Lee County, Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Waste Disposal and Contamination 

Saltwater Intrusion, Effects of Development Urbanization

Location(s): Southwestern Florida

Produces): Boggess, D. H., Missimer, T. M., and O'Donnell, 

T. H., 1977, Saline water intrusion related to well construction in Lee County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey 

Water Resources Investigations 77-33, 29 p.

GEORGIA

In a June 21, 1979, letter to the Secretary of 

Commerce, Governor George Busbee formally 

withdrew from "efforts to obtain" Federal approval of its coastal management program.

The State, however, has other active laws and 

programs for regulating air and water quality, 

marshlands, beaches, sand dunes, riverbeds, 

ocean bottoms, as well as withdrawal of ground 

water from coastal aquifers.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo-Bothy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Eastern Mapping Center, USGS, 536 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703)860-6336

1:250,000 

Brunswick 

Savannah

1:100,000 

Beufort

1:24,000

Altamaha Sound 

Burns wick East 

Burnswick West 

Burroughs 

Cabretta

Cumberland Island North 

Cumberland Island South 

Darien 

Doboy Sound

Dover Bluff 

Fernandina Beach 

Fort Pulaski 

Harrietts Bluff 

Isle of Hope 

Jekyll Island 

Kingsland 

Limerick SE 

Oak Level 

Raccoon Key 

St. Catherine 

St. Marys 

Sapelo Sound 

Seabrook 

Sea Island 

Shellman Bluff 

Tybee Island North 

Tybee Island South 

Wassaw Sound 

Woodbine

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 6481 

Peachtree Industrial Boulevard, Doraville, GA 

30360 Phone: (404) 221^858

Title: Colonels Island Test Well 

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Effects of Development Industrial Withdrawals 

Location(s): Southeastern Georgia

Title: Ground Water Models

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Modeling; Planning and Management; Effects

of Development Ground Water Withdrawals 

Location(s): Southeastern Georgia Brunswick, Savannah

Title: Southeast Limestone Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis, Coastal Georgia, South Carolina, and Northeast 

Florida

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Regional Aquifer System Analysis

Location(s): Southeastern South Carolina, eastern Georgia, 

northeastern Florida

LOUISIANA

The Louisiana CZM program is based on the 

Louisiana State and local Coastal Resources Management Act of 1978 (referred to as Act 361), 

which established a new State-level coastal use 

permit system and voluntary development and implementation of local management programs. Federal approval of the program was received in September 1980.

47
The State's Department of Natural Resources 

(DNR) is the designated lead agency for the CZM 

program and is thus responsible for Federal consistency activities. An independent Louisiana 

Coastal Commission (LCC), however, was created 

by Act 361 within the DNR to oversee a broad 

range of activities, including the development of 

coastal use guidelines, appeals of State and local 

permit decisions, and approval of local coastal 

management programs. Several other State agencies also share CZM program responsibilities, notably the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries and 

the Department of Transportation and Development.

Examples of coastal zone uses covered by the 

new coastal use permit system include

 dredging or filling and discharges of dredged 

or fill material;

 levee siting, construction, operation and 

maintenance;

 hurricane or flood protection facilities;

 energy development activities including siting, construction, and operation of generating, processing and transmission facilities, pipeline facilities, and exploration for 

and production of oil, natural gas, and 

geothermal energy;

 mining activities, including surface, subsurface, and underground mining, geothermal 

energy, sand or gravel mining and shell 

dredging;

 shoreline modification projects;

 activities which affect barrier islands, salt 

domes, cheniers, and beaches; and

 drainage projects.

CZM BOUNDARY

The Louisiana CZM boundary includes the territorial sea and an inland area described in great 

detail and complexity in Act 361. In essence, the 

inland boundary contains all or part of 17 coastal 

parishes, consisting of areas ranging from 16 to 32 

miles inland from the Gulf coast.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo-Bathy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Mid - Continent Mapping Center, 

USGS, 1400 Independence Road, Rolla, MO 

65401 Phone: (314) 341-0851

1:250,000

Mobile 

New Orleans 

Port Arthur

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6631

Title: Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of Geopressured Zones

Status: Begun 1979, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Onshore and offshore areas from northern 

Louisiana to the outer edge of the continental shelf

Investigators): R. Q. Foote

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, P.O. 

Box 66492, Baton Rouge, LA 70896 Phone: 

(505) 387-0181

Title: Status of Hydrologic Conditions New Orleans Area, 

Louisiana

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Planning and Management Water Resources; Effects of Development Urbanization; Environmental Assessment

Location(s): Southern Louisiana

Title: Chemical, Physical, and Biological Characteristics of the 

Lower Mississippi River and Adjacent Wetlands, 

Louisiana

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water, Estuary; Contamination; Streamflow Characteristics

Location(s): Southern Louisiana

Produces): Wells, F. C., 1980, Hydrology and water quality of 

the lower Mississippi River: Louisiana Department of 

Transportation and Development, Office of Public Works, 

Water Resources Technical Report 21, 83 p.

Title: Quality of Water in the Atchafalaya River Basin, 

Louisiana

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water; Environmental Assessment; Streamflow Characteristics

Location(s): South central Louisiana

Produces): Wells, F. C., and Demas, C. R., 1977, Hydrology 

and water quality of the Atchafalaya River Basin: 

Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Office of Public Works, Water Resources Technical 

Report 14, 53 p.

Title: Ground-Water Resources of Washington Parish,

Louisiana

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation 

Location(s): Southeastern Louisiana 

Product(s): Case, H. L., Ill, 1979, Ground-water resources

48
of Washington Parish, Louisiana: Louisiana Department of 

Transportation and Development, Office of Public Works, 

Water Resources Technical Report 18, 33 p.

Title: Hydrology of the Pearl River Basin in Louisiana

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Environmental Assessment; Effects of Development Road Construction

Locations): Southeastern Louisiana and southcentral Mississippi

Title: Ground-Water Resources of the Gramery Area, 

Louisiana

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation; 

Contamination Saltwater Intrusion

Location(s): Southern Louisiana

Produces): Dial, D. C., 1980, Ground-water resources of the 

Gramery area, Louisiana: Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Office of Public Works, Water 

Resources Technical Report 24, 39 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Tangipahoa - Tchefuncta River 

Basins, Louisiana

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer 

Delineation; Streamflow Characteristics

Location(s): Southeastern Louisiana

Produces): Nyman, D. J., and Fayard, L. D., 1978, Ground- 

- water resources of Tangipahoa and St. Tammany 

Parishes, southeastern Louisiana: Louisiana Department 

of Transportation and Development, Office of Public 

Works, Water Resources Technical Report 15, 198 p.

Title: Status of Hydrologic Conditions Southwestern,

Louisiana

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Effects of Development Ground and Surface Water

Withdrawals 

Location(s): Southwestern Louisiana

Title: Status of Hydrologic Conditions Baton Rouge Area, 

Louisiana

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Planning and Management; Effects of Development 

Ground - Water Withdrawals; Contamination Saltwater 

Intrusion; Environmental Assessment

Location(s): Southeastern Louisiana

Produces): Whiteman, C. D., Jr., 1979, Saltwater encroachment in the "600-foot" and "1,500-foot" sands in the 

Baton Rouge area, Louisiana, 1966-78, including a discussion of saltwater in other sands: Louisiana Department of 

Transportation and Development, Office of Public Works, 

Water Resources Technical Report 19, 49 p.

Whiteman, C. D., Jr., 1980, Measuring local subsidence with 

extenso - meters in the Baton Rouge area, Louisiana, 

1975-79: Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Office of Public Works, Water Resources Technical Report 20, 18 p.

Title: Geopressured - Geothermal Resources of the United 

States

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Regional Investigation of Deep Aquifers

Locations): Gulf Coast Texas, Louisiana

Produces): Kharaka, Y. K., Callendar, E., and Wallace, R. 

H., Jr., 1977, Geochemistry of geopressured geothermal 

waters from the Frio Clay in the Gulf Coast region of 

Texas: Geology, v. 5, April, p. 241-244.

MAINE

Maine's Coastal Program is based on 11 existing 

State laws administered by various State agencies 

as well as local governments. Federal approval of 

the program was received in 1978. The 11 laws 

and their purposes are as follows:

 The Protection and Improvement of Waters 

Act protects the quality of State waters 

through classifying them and requiring 

licenses for proposed discharges.

 The Alteration of Coastal Wetlands Act controls uses so that environmental quality is 

maintained.

 The Shoreland Zoning Act requires 

municipalities to enact shoreland zoning for 

areas within 250 feet of water.

 The Land Use Regulation Law promotes 

principles of sound land use planning in unorganized areas.

 The Subdivision Law requires municipalities 

to review subdivisions according to minimum State criteria.

 The Site Location Act controls large projects 

through permit procedure.

 The Protection and Improvement of Air Law 

protects and enhances air quality by establishing standards and licensing proposed 

emissions.

 The Solid Waste Management Law promotes 

a coordinated statewide program regulating solid waste disposal.

 The Stream Alteration Act controls the alteration of flowing waters so that environmental quality is maintained.

 The Oil Discharge Prevention and Pollution 

Control Law prevents, regulates, and 

expedites cleanup of oilspills, regulates the 

transfer and conveyance of oil, and sets up 

funds for effective cleanup of spills.

 Marine Resource Management Laws provide 

for the conservation of marine resources 

through regulations.

Lead agency for the CZM program is the State 

Planning Office. Other State agencies participating in the program include the Department of 

Conservation, the Department of Environmental

49
Protection, and the Department of Marine Resources.

Along with strong State involvement, Maine's 

program places considerable emphasis on assistance to local governments in strengthening their 

land use decisionmaking capabilities. A large 

part of the Federal funds available to the State 

are redistributed to coastal local governments for 

such projects as town comprehensive plans, planning for economic waterfront, harbor development, developing town ordinances, and gathering 

detailed information on coastal resources for improved management. In addition, the State has 

also made available through the CZM program a 

series of over 200 natural resource inventory maps 

depicting topography, slopes, soil conditions, fish 

and wildlife habitats, vegetation, marine resources, recreation facilities, and characteristics of 

watersheds and bodies of surface water. Furthermore, specialized coastal geology maps are also 

provided, depicting bedrock, ground-water conditions, surficial geology, near-shore marine environments, and other coastal geological features.

CZM BOUNDARY

Maine's CZM boundary extends from the territorial sea landward to the incorporated limits of 

all coastal towns and unorganized territories.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6631

Title: Massive Sulfide Deposits 

Status: Begun 1978, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Areas in the vicinity of Penobscot Bay 

Investigators): J. F. Slack

Woter Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD Subdistrict Chief, USGS, 26 

Canneston Drive, Augusta, ME 04330 Phone: 

(207) 263-4797.

Title: Availability of Ground Water in the Upper Saco, Presumpsot, and Royal River Drainage Basins in Maine

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Ground Water; 

Environmental Assessment Geology

Location(s): Southwestern Maine

Produces): Prescott, G. C., Jr., 1979, Ground-water resources and surficial geology in the Royal, upper Presumpsot, and upper Saco River basins in Maine: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations ME 

76021,2 p.

Title: Maine Sand and Gravel Aquifers

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Contamination Ground Water;

Planning and Management Hydrologic Atlas 

Location(s): Maine statewide

Title: Water Resources of Acadia National Park and Vicinity, 

Hancock County, Maine

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Solid Waste

Locations): Northeastern Maine

Product(s): Hansen, B. P., 1980, Ground water availability in 

Acadia National Park and vicinity, Hancock and Knox 

Counties, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1050, 14 p.

Title: Hydrology of Peat Bogs in Maine

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Peat Bogs; Effects of

Development Excavation; Quality of Water Ground

Water 

Location(s): Eastern Maine

MARYLAND

The Maryland CZM program is based on existing State laws, notably the Wetlands Act, the 

State Boat Act, the Atlantic Coast Beach Erosion 

Control District Act, the Power Plant Siting Program, and the Coastal Facilities Review Act. The 

emphasis of the program is on coordinated implementation of these existing statutes to achieve 

stated coastal goals and policies. Federal approval 

of the program was received in September 1978.

By Executive Order of the Governor, the Tidewater Administration of the State Department of 

Natural Resources is designated as the lead 

agency for the CZM program. The agency operates a project - evaluation and program - review 

process through which State and local decisions 

stemming from those statutes incorporated into 

the CZM program are assessed as to their consistency with declared State coastal policies. Other 

State agencies with regulatory responsibilities in 

the coastal zone are tied in with this review process through formal Memorandums of Understanding with the lead CZM agency. For example, 

the Water Resources Administration, which administers the Wetlands Act, must include considerations of coastal policies in addition to its own 

regulations and standards in decisionmaking on 

the issuance of water use permits. The CZM

50
agency, if necessary, may make findings and recommendations on a permit application, which 

could affect the decisions of the issuing agency.

CZM BOUNDARY

Maryland's coastal zone area extends from its 

3-mi jurisdiction in the Atlantic Ocean to the inland boundaries of the counties bordering the Atlantic Ocean, Chesapeake Bay, and Potomac River 

up to the District of Columbia.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS 

Topo-BathyMaps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Eastern Mapping Center, USGS, 536 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6336.

1:250,000 

Wilmington

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(203) 860-6631

Title: Geologic History of Western Chesapeake Bay

Status: Begun 1980, as replacement of earlier project on 

geologic hazards relating to siting of nuclear reactors, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources/Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): West side of Chesapeake Bay, including Norfolk 

area in Virginia

Investigator(s): W. L. Newell

Title: Sedimentology and Geochemistry of Coastal Plain Estuaries

Status: Begun 1979, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation 

Location(s): Potomac River Estuary adjacent to Maryland and

Virginia 

Investigators): E. A. Martin

Title: Sediments and Surficial Geology of Delmarva Peninsula 

Status: Completed 1979

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Delmarva Peninsula of Delaware and Maryland 

Investigatar(s): J. P. Owens

Woter Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 8600 

LaSalle Road, Townson. MD 21204 Phone: 

(301) 828-1535.

Title: Baltimore - Washington Area Urban Hydrology Study

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Effects of Development Urbanization; Planning and 

Management Hydrologic Atlas; Environmental Assessment

Locations): Eastern Maryland and District of Columbia

Title: Ground - Water Resources in Relation to Land Use Concepts in an Urbanizing Area, Harford County, Maryland

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Land Use; Planning and 

Management Hydrologic Atlas; Areal Appraisal Ground 

Water

fMcation(s): Northeastern Maryland

Produces): Nutter, L. J., 1977, Groundwater resources of 

Harford County, Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey 

Bulletin 32, 44 p.

Title: Environmental Geohydrologic Studies, Maryland

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Land Use (Septic Tanks); 

Planning and Management Hydrologic Atlas; Areal Appraisal Ground Water

Locations): Central and western Maryland

Produces): (Series of quadrangle maps showing hydrology and 

geology published as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Reports) Weigle, J. M., and others, 1980, Littleston quadrangle; hydrogeology: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 80-1015, 5 maps, 44 p.

Title: Ground-Water Supplies From the Maryland Coastal

Plain

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Aquifer Modeling; Effects of Development Ground-

- Water Withdrawals 

Location(s): Southern Maryland

Title: Hydrologic Study of the Aquia and Piney Point - Nanjemoy Aquifers in Southern Maryland

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Aquifer Modeling; Effects of Development Ground - Water Withdrawals

Location(s): Southern Maryland

Title: Hydrology of the Water-Table Aquifer, Delmarva

Peninsula, Maryland 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Quality of Water Ground

Water 

Location(s): Eastern Maryland (Eastern shore)

Title: Analysis by Digital Models of the Coastal Plain Aquifers

Underlying Maryland and Delaware 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Location(s): Maryland and Delaware Coastal Plain

Title: Hydrologic Impacts of Power Plants on Aquifers of

Southern Maryland 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Ground-Water Withdrawals 

Location: Southern Maryland 

Product: Mack, F. K., Wheeler, J. C., and Curtin, S. E., 1980,

Map showing the potentiometric surface of the Magothy

51
acquifer in southern Maryland, 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-959, 1 p.

Title: Aquifer Studies in Maryland Phase III

Status: Completed FY 79 (except report)

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Aquifer Modeling; Effects of Development Ground - Water Withdrawals

Locations): Eastern Maryland

Produces): Williams, J. F., Ill, 1979, Simulated changes in 

the Piney Point aquifer in Maryland: Maryland Geological 

Survey Report of Investigations 31, 50 p.

Title: Ground-Water Availability and Quality, Baltimore Industrial Area, Maryland

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development Excavations

Locations): Central Maryland

Title: Effects of Water Quality Changes on Estuarine Biota

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Regional Estuary Research

Location(s): Maryland

Product(s): Gory, R. L., 1978, Open-water metabolism in the 

Rhode River Estuary, Maryland, 1971-1975: Proceedings, 

Coastal Zone 78, American Society of Civil Engineers, San 

Francisco, California, v. 2, pp. 567-580.

Dresler, P. V., and Gory, R. L., 1980, The Arian lam Corbicula fluminea (Muller) in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland: Estuaries, v. 3, no. 3, 4 p.

Title: Potomac Estuary Studies 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Estuary Research 

Location(s): Maryland and Virginia

Title: Sedimentation and Eutrophication in the Potomac Estuary

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Estuary Research 

Location(s): Potomac River, Maryland-Virginia

Title: Hydrology of Estuarine Intertidal Environments of 

Northwestern Oregon and the Potomac River Estuary

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Regional Estuary Research

Locations): Northwestern Oregon (Tillamook Embayment), 

Maryland and Virginia (Potomac River estuary)

Produces): Glenn, J. L., 1978, Sediment sources and Holocene 

sedimentation history in Tillamook Bay, Oregon: Data and 

preliminary interpretations: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 78-680, 64 p.

MASSACHUSETTS

The Massachusetts CZM program is based on 

several existing State laws with emphasis on wetlands and water pollution control. Federal approval of the program was received in September 

1978.

The Executive Office of Environmental Affairs 

(EOEA), one of the Governor's cabinet offices, is

the designated lead agency for the CZM program. 

Implementation of the regulatory policies occurs 

through existing programs within the various departments of EOEA. Each of these programs has 

promulgated regulations to carry out CZM policies. In addition, the Energy Facility Siting Council, which is not within EOEA, also has regulations implementing the CZM program.

Specifically, the programs described below are 

used for implementation of the CZM policies:

 Coastal Wetlands Restriction Program The 

Department of Environmental Management (DEM) maps and places restriction 

orders on the deeds of affected landowners 

which permit and prohibit specified uses of 

all or portions of beaches, dunes, salt 

marshes, shellfish beds, and salt ponds 

that are determined to be significant to the 

public interest.

 Wetlands Protection Program This program gives local conservation commissions 

or the Department of Environmental Quality Engineering (DEQE) the authority to 

review and condition projects in wetlands 

(including upland areas within 100 ft 

beyond either the 100-year floodplain or 

the landward edge of the wetland, 

whichever distance is greater). Regulatory 

standards are provided by the DEQE.

 Waterways Program The program gives 

DEQE the authority to regulate filling, 

construction, dredging, and removal of 

sand and vegetation in tidelands, harbors, 

and certain rivers below the high-water 

mark for the purposes of maintaining navigation and the public trust doctrine.

 Ocean Sanctuaries This program authorizes 

the DEM to regulate discharges or the 

placement of structures on or in the seabed 

in designated ocean sanctuaries in the 

State's Territorial sea.

 Division of Water Pollution Control, 

DEQE The division issues point source 

discharge permits (in conjunction with 

EPA under the NPDES) and licenses the 

disposal of chemical, explosive, reactive, 

and toxic substances.

 Energy Facilities Siting Council The Council controls the siting of electric generation, gas and oil facilities and ancillary 

structures. It has power to override local 

permits on these facilities.

52
The Massachusetts coastal zone is heavily developed and the control of land use in shoreland 

and inland areas is principally by local zoning. The 

State is attempting to influence the pattern of 

urban developments through State growth policies 

and coordinated highway projects and State permits for water and sewerage treatment works. 

The EOEA, in addition, can also assist in the coordination of local planning and zoning activities in 

the coastal zone. These local activities, however, 

are not funded by the CZM program.

CZM BOUNDARY

The Massachusetts Coastal Zone includes the 

3-mi territorial sea extending from the Massachusetts-New Hampshire border south to the 

Massachusetts - Rhode Island border, and landward to 100 ft inland of specified major roads, rail 

lines, or other visible rights of way. The coastal 

zone includes all of Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, 

and Nantucket.

In isolated instances, where the road boundary 

might exclude coastal wetlands, these wetlands 

are included in the coastal zone although the written description follows-the road. Tidal rivers and 

adjacent uplands are included inland, at a minimum, to the extent of vegetation affected by 

saline water. Anadromous fish runs are included 

to the freshwater breeding area, if such area is 

within a coastal town.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6631

Title: Engineering Geologic Maps of the Urban Core of Metropolitan Boston

Status: Begun 1979, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Locations): Boston

Investigators): C. A. Kaye

Title: Bedrock Geology of Metropolitan Boston

Status: Begun 1978, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Boston area, with current focus on mapping three 

quadrangles

Investigators): C. A. Kaye

Title: Fault Zone Definition in Northeast Massachusetts

Status: Begun 1977, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Locationfs): Cape Ann area 

Investigators): A. F. Stride

Title: Offshore Geology of Massachusetts

Status: Begun 1975, continuing

Type(s): Marine Investigation Resources and Environmental

Locations): Offshore areas adjacent to eastern Massachusetts

Investigators): R. N. Oldale

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 150 

Causeway Street, Suite 1001, Boston, MA 

02114 Phone: (617)223-2822

Title: Hydrologic Effects of Wastewater Disposal, Otis Air

Force Base, Cape Cod, Massachusetts 

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Sewage in

Ground Water 

Locationfs): Southeastern Massachusetts

Title: Water Resources of the Blackstone River Basins, Massachusetts

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer 

Delineation; Streamflow Characteristics

Location(s): Central Massachusetts

Title: Estimating Maximum Ground-Water Levels from 

Long-Term Observation - Well Data

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water

Location(s): Massachusetts statewide

Produces): Frimpter, M. H., 1980, Probable high ground- 

- water levels on Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80-1008, 31 

PTitle: Application of Cape Cod Digital Ground - Water Model 

and Hydrologic and Water-Quality Data to Water Management Planning

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Model; Planning and Management Developing Ground - Water Resources

Location(s): Eastern Massachusetts

Title: Cape Cod Sole Source Aquifer

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation

Locationfs): Eastern Massachusetts (Cape Cod)

Product(s): Ryan, B. J., 1980, Cape Cod aquifer, Cape Cod,

Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources

Investigations 80-571, 37 p.

Title: Ground-Water Resources, Mattapoisett River Valley, 

Massachusetts

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Planning and Management Alternatives for Water-Resources Development

53
Location(s): Southeastern Massachusetts

Title: Water Resources of the Coastal Drainage Basins of 

Southeastern Massachusetts: Part 1, Hingham to Kingston; Part 2, Plymouth to Wareham

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Streamflow Characteristics; Quality of Water Surface Water; Planning and Management Water Projects

Locations): Southeastern Massachusetts

Title: Hydrology and Water Resources of the Nashua River 

Basin, Massachusetts

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Streamflow Characteristics; Planning and Management Water Projects

Locations): North central Massachusetts

Produces): Brackley, R. A., and Hansen, B. P., 1978, Water 

resources of the Nashua and Souhegan River basins, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-276, 2 p.

Title: Water Resoures of the Coastal Basins in Northeastern 

Massachusetts

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Planning and Management Hydrologic Atlases

Location(s): Northeastern Massachusetts

Produces): Gay, F. B., and Delaney, D. F., 1980, Hydrology 

and water resources of the lower Merrimack River basin, 

Massachusetts, from Concord River, Lowell, to Plum Island, Newburyport: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic 

Investigations Atlas HA-616, 4 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Coastal Basins of Southeastern 

Massachusetts, Weweantic River, Wareham to Upper 

Narragansett Bay

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Streamflow Characteristics; Planning and Management Hydrologic Atlases

Location(s): Southeastern Massachusetts

Produces): Williams, J. R., and Tasker, G. D., 1977, Water 

resources of the coastal drainage basins of southeastern 

Massachusetts, northwest shore of Buzzards Bay: U.S. 

Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA560, 37 p.

Title: Ground - Water Resources of Cape Cod

Status: Completed FY 79 (except report)

Type(s): Aquifer Modeling; Aquifer Delineation; Quality of 

Water Ground Water; Planning and Management Land 

Use

Location(s): Southeastern Massachusetts

Produces): Guswa, J. H., and LeBlanc, D. R., 1980, Digital 

models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer 

system, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 80-67, 73 p.

Title: Water Resources of the Sudbury, Assabet, and Concord

River Basins, Northeastern Massachusetts 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal; Planning and Management Water

Development 

Locations): Northeastern Massachusetts

Title: Ground-Water Resources of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation; 

Contamination Saltwater Intrusion

Locations): Eastern Massachusetts (Nantucket Island)

Produces): Walker, E. H., 1979, Water resources of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-615, 2 p.

Title: Ground-Water Resources of Martha's Vineyard Island, 

Massachusetts

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation; 

Contamination Saltwater Intrusion

Locations): Eastern Massachusetts (Martha's Vineyard Island)

Produces): Delaney, D. F., Groundwater hydrology of 

Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-917.

Title: Ground-Water Contamination From Surface Impoundments

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Liquid Waste 

Impoundments; Aquifer Delineation; Areal AppraisalGround Water

Locations): Massachusetts statewide

Product(s): Delaney, D. F., and Maevsky, A., 1980, Distribution of aquifers, liquid - waste impoundments, and municipal water-supply sources, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-431, 1 p. 

MISSISSIPPI

The Mississippi CZM program is based on the 

Mississippi Coastal Wetlands Protection Law and 

the Mississippi Marine Resources Council Enabling Legislation, with primary program emphasis on coastal wetlands management. Federal 

program approval was received in September 

1980.

The Bureau of Marine Resources (BMR) Department of Wildlife Conservation administers the 

major portions of the program. Collectively, four 

"coastal program agencies" (BMR, the Bureau of 

Pollution Control and Land and Water Resources 

of the Department of Natural Resources, and the 

Department of Archives and History) are responsible for monitoring decisions that affect the coastal area and for ensuring that such decisions are 

made in accordance with the Coastal Program.

The State is concerned with rational industrial 

developments in the coastal area. Thus, the first 

of the State's 10 CZM program goal statements is 

related to the "efficient utilization" of waterfront 

industrial sites in order to provide for "reasonable 

industrial expansion" in the coastal area. While 

the CZM program incorporates existing State

54
wetlands regulatory activities, it also includes 

unique "affirmative management activities" designed to facilitate, among other things, industrial 

and protective developments.

CZM BOUNDARY

The Mississippi coastal zone extends from the 

territorial sea landward to include all areas within 

the three coastal counties.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo-Bathy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Mid - Continent Mapping Center, 

USGS, 1400 Independence Road, Rolla, MO 

65401 Phone: (314) 341-0851

1:250,000 

Mobile

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6631.

Title: Unstable Sediments of the Mississippi Delta

Status: Begun 1974, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Locationfs): Mississippi Delta area

Investigators): L. E. Garrison

Produces): Teleki, P. G., Garrison, L. E., and Hampton, M. 

A., 1979, Environmental hazards; considerations for outer 

continental shelf development: Offshore Technology Conference Proceedings, no. 11, v. 4, p. 2579-2589.

Woter Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 430 

Bounds Street, Jackson, MS 39206 Phone: 

(601) 969-4600

Title: Waste Assimilation Capacity of Mississippi Streams

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water; Streamflow Characteristics; Waste Disposal and Contamination Streams

Locations): Mississippi statewide

Produces): Faye, R. E., 1980, Water - quality reconnaissance 

of Pascagoula and Escatawpa Rivers, Jackson Counties, 

Mississippi, May 1974 to July 1978: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open - File Report 80-727, 105 p.

Title: Hydrologic Mapping of Aquifers in Mississippi

Status: Completed FY 79

Type: Aquifer Delineation; Planning and Management Development of Ground - Water Supplies

Locations): Mississippi statewide

Produces): Gandl, L. A., 1979, The Oligocene aquifer system in 

Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 79-28,2 sheets.

Title: Water for Industrial Development in George, Hancock, 

Pearl River, and Stone Counties, Mississippi

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer 

Delineation; Streamflow Characteristics; Planning and 

Management Development of Industrial Water Supplies

Locationfs): Southern Mississippi

Produces): Brahana, J. V., and Dalsin, G. J., 1977, Water for 

industrial development in George, Hancock, Pearl River, 

and Stone Counties, Mississippi: Mississippi Research and 

Development Center Bulletin, 75 p.

Title: Southeastern Coastal Plain Regional Aquifer System

Analysis

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Locationfs): Western Alabama, eastern Mississippi, northwest

Florida

Title: Identification and Characterization of Aquifers Designated as Underground Sources of Drinking Water

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Waste Disposal and Contamination; Planning and Management Permitting Waste Injection Wells

Locationfs): Mississippi statewide

NEW HAMPSHIRE

New Hampshire has developed a CZM program 

based on existing State and local regulatory authorities incorporated into a coordinated "coastal 

activity review process" to be implemented by 

municipalities in the coastal zone. However, a proposed Coastal coordination and Local Assistance 

Act, which would make the review process effective while also putting in place needed policies and 

guidelines, has yet to be passed by the State Assembly. Therefore, the CZM program has not received Federal approval.

The State is concerned with such issues as coastal access, coordinated harbor management and 

protection of wetlands and marine resources. 

Existing programs of such State agencies as the 

Department of Resources and Economic Development, the Water Supply and Pollution Control 

Commission and the Wetlands Board will be utilized to carry out the CZM program. The focus of 

management activities, however, will be coastal 

towns and cities.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD Chief Supervisory Hydrologist, USGS, 55 Pleasant Street, Concord, 

NH 03301 Phone: (603) 834-4739

Title: Ground-Water Reconnaissance of New Hampshire 

River Basins

55
Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation; 

Planning and Management Land Use and Development 

of Water Resources

Locationts): New Hampshire statewide

Product(s): Cotton, J. E., 1977, Ground-water availability in 

the lower Connecticut River basin, southwestern New 

Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 77-73, 1 map.

Title: Ground Water Resources of the Lamprey River Basin, 

New Hampshire

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Effects of Development Induced Infiltration

Location(s): Southeastern New Hampshire

Title: Hydrologic Effects of Waste Disposal, Pease Air Force 

Base

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination 

Trichloroethylene in Ground Water

Location(s): Southeastern New Hampshire

Produces): Bradley, Edward, 1980, Trichloroethylene in 

ground water supply of Pease Air Force Base, 

Portsmouth, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Open-File Report 80-557, 

51 p.

Title: Ground-Water Resources of the Cocheo River Basin,

Southeastern New Hampshire 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Ground Water;

Effects of Development Surface Water Infiltration 

Location(s): Southeastern New Hampshire

NEW JERSEY

The New Jersey CZM program is based on several existing State statutes, notably the Coastal 

Area Facility Review Act (CAFRA), the Wetlands Act and the Waterfront Development Act. 

Federal approval of the program was achieved in 

two segments. The first segment was approved in 

September 1978, covering areas south of Sandy 

Hook to the tip of Cape May and north along the 

Delaware Bay to a point near the Delaware 

Memorial Bridge. The second segment was approved in September 1980, covering the remainder of the coastal zone (see description in this section under "CZM Boundary").

The State's Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) is the designated lead agency for 

the CZM program. In addition to the three regulatory laws administered by the DEP, other 

existing State authorities incorporated into the 

CZM program include those stemming from the 

shoreline protection program and tidelands management program, also administered by DEP, and

regulatory activities of the State's Department of 

Energy and the independent Hackensack 

Meadowlands Development Commission.

The coastal zone of New Jersey is among the 

most heavily developed in the Nation. Therefore, 

principal emphasis of the State's CZM program is 

on control of large - scale developments. As early 

as 1914, the State Legislature showed its first interest in regulating land areas along tidal waters 

by passing the Waterfront Development Law, requiring State approval of developments bordering 

navigable water or streams. In 1969, the Hackensack Meadowlands Reclamation and Development 

Act was passed, creating a Commission with authority to regulate developments in a specifically 

defined Meadowlands District. In 1970, the Wetlands Act was passed to regulate developments in 

all coastal wetlands. Finally, in 1973, the Legislature passed CAFRA, authorizing the DEP to regulate major developments occurring in the coastal 

area included in the first segment of the CZM program.

CZM BOUNDARY

New Jersey's coastal zone extends from the 

New York border south to Cape May Point and 

then north to Trenton. It encompasses the waters 

and waterfronts of the Hudson River and related 

water bodies south to the Raritan Bay, the Atlantic Ocean, and some inland areas from Sandy 

Hook to Cape May, the Delaware Bay, and some 

inland areas; and the waterfront of the Delaware 

River and related tributaries.

The inland boundary for the portion of the coast 

from Raritan Bay south to Cape May Point and 

then north along the Delaware Bay (consisting of 

parts of Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Burlington, Atlantic, Cape May, Cumberland, and 

Salem Counties) is defined as "The landward 

boundary of the Coastal Area as defined in 

CAFRA or the upper boundary of coastal wetlands located landward of the CAFRA boundary 

along tidal water courses flowing through the 

CAFRA area, whichever is more landward, including State-owned tidelands." This area varies 

in width from several thousand ft to up to 24 mi 

at one point.

In the more developed portions of the State (including portions of Salem, Gloucester, Camden, 

Burlington, Mercer, Middlesex, Somerset, Union, 

Hudson, Essex, Passaic, and Bergen Counties), 

the coastal zone boundary is defined as "The land56
ward boundary of the State's jurisdiction under 

the Waterfront Development Act or Wetlands 

Act, or the landward boundary of State-owned 

tidelands, whichever extends farthest inland." 

This area extends at least 100 ft inland from mean 

high water and is generally no more than 500 ft inland.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo-Bothy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Eastern Mapping Center, USGS, 536 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6045

1:250,000 

Wilmington

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, P.O. 

Box 1238, Trenton, NJ 12201 Phone: (609) 

989-2162

Title: Wastewater Solids Utilization on Land Demonstration 

Project

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Effect of Land 

Spreading of Sewage Sludge on Ground Water; Quality of 

Water

Locations): East - central New Jersey

Produces): Kam, William, 1978, Effect of controlled land application of sludge on ground-water quality, Ocean 

County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 78-492, 109 p.

Title: Geophysical Logging in New Jersey

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Ground Water; 

Planning and Management Ground-Water Development; Aquifer Modeling

Location(s): New Jersey statewide

Produces): Nichols, W. D., 1977, Geohydrology of the Englishtown formation in the northern coastal plain of New 

Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 76-123, 62 p.

Farlekas, G. M., 1979, Geohydrologic and digital simulation 

model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal 

plain of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 79-106, 55 p.

Title: Land Subsidence Caused by Ground - Water Withdrawals in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Land Subsidence; Effects of Development Ground - Water Withdrawals

Locations): Eastern New Jersey

Title: Quality of Ground and Surface Water in the Area of the 

Potomac - Raritan - Magothy Aquifer Outcrop South of

Trenton, New Jersey

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Ground and Surface Water; Contamination General

Location(s): Southwestern New Jersey

Title: Simulation of Multilayer Coastal Plain Aquifer System of

New Jersey 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Locations): Southern New Jersey

Title: Hydrogeologic Conditions in the Coastal Plain of New 

Jersey

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal - Ground Water; Planning and Management Development of Ground - Water Supplies

Location(s): Southern New Jersey

Title: Geohydrology of the Potomac - Raritan - Magothy

Aquifer System, Trenton to Perth Amboy, New Jersey 

Status: Completed FY 78 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation 

Locations): Northeastern New Jersey

Title: Geohydrologic Analysis of the Englishtown Formation

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Modeling; 

Planning and Management Development of Ground- 

 Water Supplies

Location: Central New Jersey

Produces): Nichols, W. D., 1977, Digital computer simulation 

model of the Englishtown aquifer in the northern coastal 

plain of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open - File Report 77-73, 152 p.

Nichols, W. D., 1977, Geohydrology of the Englishtown formation in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 76- 

123, 62 p.

NEW YORK

New York has coastal areas bordering the waters of both the Great Lakes and the Atlantic 

Ocean. The State has developed a CZM program 

based on existing State and local authorities, with 

the focus of management responsibilities housed in 

a proposed Coastal Management Board. The creation of the Board would be by means of proposed 

legislation which has yet to be passed by the State 

Legislature. Therefore, the program has not received Federal approval.

As outlined in a preliminary CZM program 

document, the Coastal Management Board would 

rely on existing State authorities, principally 

those of the Department of Environmental Protection pertaining to wetlands control and of the Department of State in land use planning and siting 

of utility transmission facilities to implement various coastal policies to be promulgated through leg57
islation. Local governments would be encouraged 

to share CZM responsibilities by developing and 

implementing State - approved local CZM programs on a voluntary basis.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: (703) 

860-6631

Title: Engineering Geology of New York City 

Status: Begun 1979, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Locations): New York City and vicinity 

Investigators): C. A. Baskerville

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, P.O. 

Box 1350, Albany, NY 12201 Phone: (518) 472- 

3107

Title: Evaluation of the Quality of Water on Long Island, New

York

Status: Ongoing F Y 81 

Type(s): Quality of Water Ground Water; Waste Disposal and

Contamination; Effects of Development Urbanization 

Locationfs): Southeastern New York (Long Island) 

Produces): Katz, B. G., and Mallard, G. E., 1980, Chemical

and microbiological monitoring of a sole-source aquifer

intended for artificial recharge: U.S. Geological Survey

Open - File Report 80-567, 18 p.

Title: Survey of Hydrogeology and Water Quality of That Part 

of Southeast Nassau County to Be Served by Wantagh 

Sewage Treatment Plant

Status: Completed FY 77 (except report)

Type(s): Quality of Water Ground Water; Waste Disposal and 

Contamination Sewage

Locationfs): Southeastern New York (Long Island)

Produces): Kimmel, G. E., Ku, H. F. H., Harbaugh, A. W., 

Sulam, D. J., and Getzen, R. T., 1977, Analog model prediction of the hydrologic effects of sanitary sewerage in 

southeast Nassau County and southwest Suffolk County, 

New York: Long Island Water Resources Bulletin 6, 25 p.

Title: Water Resources of the South Fork of Long Island, New 

York

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer 

Delineation; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion

Location(s): Southeastern New York (Long Island)

Produces): Nemickas, B., Koszalka, E. J., and Vaupel, D. E., 

1977, Hydrogeologic data from investigations of water resources of the South Fork, Suffolk County, New York: 

Long Island Water Resources Bulletin 7.

Title: Applications of Long Island Analog Model and of Hydrologic and Hydrochemical Ground Water and Streamflow 

Data in Water Management Modeling

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination; Quality of 

Water Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer Model; Planning and Management Wastewater

Locationfs): Southeastern New York (Long Island)

Produces): Harbaugh, A. W., and Reilly, T. E., 1977, Analog 

model analysis of the effect of wastewater management on 

the groundwater reservoir in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York, Report III; reduction and 

redistribution of groundwater pumpage: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 77-148, 24 p.

Title: Hydrologic and Water Quality Effects of Recharging Reclaimed Water on the Operation of Recharge Basins and 

on the Ground-Water Reservoir, Nassau County, New 

York

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Ground Water; 

Effects of Development Recharge Basins and Injection 

Wells

Locationfs): Southeastern New York (Long Island)

Product(s): Aronson, D. A., 1980, Use of highly treated wastewater to recharge the groundwater reservoir in Nassau 

County, Long Island, New York: American Society of 

Civil Engineers, Proceedings of Environmental Engineering Division Specialty Conference 1980, p. 214-220.

Title: Occurrence and Transport of PCB Residues Within the 

Upper and Estuarine Hudson River Basin

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Contamination Surface Water; Quality of Water; Effects of Development Dredging

Locations): East - central New York

Produces): Turk, J. T., 1980, Applications of Hudson River 

basin PCB transport studies, in Baker, R. A., ed. Contaminates and Sediments, v. 1: Ann Arbor Science PubUshers, Inc., pp. 171-183.

Title: Geohydrology of North Brookhaven Town, Suffolk 

County, Long Island, New York

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development Urbanization

Locationfs): Southeastern New York (Long Island)

Title: Impact of Future Sewering and the Effects of Proposed

Mitigating Actions on the Freshwater Resources of Long

Island, New York 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Ground and Surface

Water Discharge into Oceans; Effects of Development 

Ocean Outfalls

Locationfs): Southeastern New York (Long Island) 

Product(s): Sulam, D. J., 1980, Delineation of ground - water

contributing areas of streams of southwestern Suffolk

County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File

Report 80-346, 4 p.

Title: Hydrogeology of Suffolk County, New York

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Typefs): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Ground Water

58
Locations): Southeastern New York (Long Island) 

Produces): Jensen, H. M., and Soren, Julian, 1981, Hydrogeology of Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. 

Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA501.

Title: Hydrogeology of Nassau County, New York 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Ground Water 

Location(s): Southeastern New York (Long Island) 

Produces): Kilburn, Chabot, 1979, Hydrogeology of the town 

of North Hempstead, Nassau County, Long Island, New 

York: Long Island Water Resources Bulletin 12, 87 p.

Title: Urban Hydrology of Long Island, New York

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Urbanization; Contamination Stormwater Runoff; Quality of Water Surface 

Water t

Location(s): Southeastern New York (Long Island)

Title: Irondequoit Creek Urban Runoff Study

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Urbanization; Environmental Assessment Surface Runoff from Urban Areas; Contamination Non - Point Source

Locations): North central New York

Title: Regional Aquifer Study of Long Island 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Location(s): Southeastern New York (Long Island)

Title: The Technological Basis for a Comprehensive Ground- 

 Water Management Plan on Long Island, New York

Status: Ongoing FY 71

Type(s): Planning and Management Aid New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to establish 

statewide Ground - Water Management Plan

Locations): Southeastern New York (Long Island)

Produces): Technical background information on ground-water resources

Title: Ground - Water Resources, Montauk Area

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Effects of Development Ground-Water Withdrawals; Planning and 

Management Alternative methods of developing ground 

water

Location(s): Southeastern New York (Long Island)

Title: Ground-Water Resources of Long Island, New York

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal General; Quality of Water Ground 

Water; Waste Disposal and Contamination; Planning and 

Management Alternatives for managing groundwater 

supplies

Locatwn(s): Southeastern New York (Long Island)

NORTH CAROLINA

The North Carolina CZM program is based on the 

North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act of

1974 (CAMA), which establishes a State and (or) 

local permitting system controlling developments in 

designated "areas of environmental concern" 

(AEC's). Federal approval of the program was received in September 1978.

Lead agency for the CZM program is the Coastal Resources Commission created by CAMA, 

with staff provided by the State's Department of 

Natural Resources and Community Development. 

The Commission is authorized to issue permits on 

"major" and "minor" developments involving designated AEC's, but it may delegate minor development-permit responsibilities to a local government unit with a State - approved local land 

use plan. The Commission, to date, has identified 

four broad categories of AEC's which in turn include the 13 subcategories listed below.

 estuarine system, including coastal wetlands, estuarine waters, public trust areas, 

and estuarine shorelines

 ocean hazard areas, including ocean beaches, 

frontal dunes, inlet lands, and 

ocean - credible areas

 public water supplies, including small surface water supply watersheds, and public 

water supply well fields

 fragile coastal resources areas, including 

coastal complex natural areas, coastal 

geologic formations, and coastal areas that 

sustain remnant species.

CZM BOUNDARY

North Carolina's coastal zone encompasses a 

relatively large coastal area consisting of 20 coastal counties. Within this area, a two-tiered approach was chosen for management purposes. The 

first tier consists of critical resource areas, designated as areas of environmental concern (AEC's), 

in which most significant land and water uses are 

regulated by permit. The second tier consists of 

the area within the coastal counties but outside 

the areas of environmental concern. In this second 

tier, the program calls for management of certain 

uses by coordinating existing State authorities; 

additionally, the State will be guided by policies 

contained in State approved land use plans that 

have been prepared by the local governments 

under CAMA guidelines. These guidelines consist 

of two sections. The first contains criteria for development within the AEC's; the second contains 

general guidelines for development of land use 

plans throughout the entire coastal area.

59
USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS 

Topo-Bothy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Eastern Mapping Center, USGS, 536 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703)860-6336

1:250,000 

Beaufort 

Currituck Sound 

Georgetown

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: (703) 

860-6631

Title: Coastal Plain Sediments 

Status: Begun 1979, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources to Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation 

Location(s): Cape Fear area 

Tnvestigator(s):3. P. Owens

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, P.O. 

Box 2857, Raleigh, NC 27602 Phone: (919) 

672-4510

Title: Water Resources Potential of Northeast North Carolina 

Above Cape Lookout

Statits: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Streamflow Characteristics; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; 

Planning and Management Control of Saltwater Intrusion

Location(s): Northeastern North Carolina

Produces): Wilder, H. B., Robinson, T. M., and Lindskov, K. 

L., 1977, Water resources of northeast North Carolina: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 

77-81, 125 p.

Title: Flow Modeling of the Chowan River Estuary

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Streamflow Characteristics; Streamflow Modeling

Location(s): Northeastern North Carolina

Produces): Daniel, C. C., 1977, Digital flow model of the Chowan River Estuary, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 77-63, 90 p.

Title: Hydrology of Estuaries and Sounds of North Carolina, 

With Emphasis on Sea - Water Encroachment

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Streamflow Characteristics Estuaries; Quality of 

Water Surface Water; Environmental Assessment

Location(s): Eastern North Carolina

Product(s): Giese, G. L., Wilder, H. B., and Parker, G. G., 

Jr., 1979, Hydrology of major estuaries and sounds of 

North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 79-46, 180 p.

Title: Evaluation of Stream - Channel Improvements on Hydrologic Conditions in the Creeping Swamp Subwatershed, North Carolina

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Effects of Development Stream Channelization; 

Streamflow Characteristics; Quality of Water

Location(s): East - central North Carolina

Product(s): Winner, M. D., Jr., and Simmons, C. E., 1977, 

Hydrology of the Creeping Swamp watershed, North 

Carolina, with reference to potential effects of stream 

channelization: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources 

Investigations 77-26, 54 p.

Title: Effects of Stream Channelization on the Hydrology of 

the Chicod Creek Watershed, North Carolina

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Stream Channelization; 

Streamflow Characteristics; Quality of Water

Location(s): Northeastern North Carolina

Product(s): Simmons, C. E., and Aldridge, M. C., 1980, Hydrology of the Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, prior 

to channel improvements: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open - File Report 80-680, 27 p.

Title: Effect of Land Clearing and Drainage for Agricultural 

Development on Hydrology of Albemarle - Pamlico Peninsula, North Carolina

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Effects of Development Land Clearing and Drainage 

Activities; Streamflow Characteristics; Quality of Water

Location(s): Northeastern North Carolina

Produces): Daniel, C. C., Ill, 1978, Pond use, land cover and 

drainage on the Albemarle - Pamlico Peninsula, eastern 

North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Map 78-134, 2 sheets.

Title: Ground Water Resources in the Cape Lookout National 

Seashore, North Carolina

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation

Location(s): Eastern North Carolina

Produces): Winner, M. D., Jr., 1978, Ground-water resources of the Cape Lookout National Seashore, North 

Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 78-52, 49 p.

Title: Effects of Urbanization on Floods in the Coastal Plain of

North Carolina 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Tijpe(s): Effects of Development Urbanization; Streamflow

Characteristics; Planning and Management Land Use 

Location(s): Eastern North Carolina

Title: North Carolina Coastal Plain Aquifer Study 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Location(s): Eastern North Carolina

60
RHODE ISLAND CZM BOUNDARY

The Rhode Island CZM program is based on the 

Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Act 

of 1971, which establishes an independent 

17-member Coastal Resources Management 

Council (CRMC) to regulate activities in areas between the mean high water mark and the outward 

limits of the State's Territorial sea. Federal approval of the program was received in September 

1978 and the Governor's Office is the designated 

program implementation agency.

The CRMC's permitting authorities cover coastal wetlands, coastal ponds and shoreline systems, 

and all directly associated areas "contiguous to 

and necessary to preserve the integrity of such 

areas and features." In addition, the CRMC also 

has jurisdiction on five specific types of activities 

regardless of their locations, including

power generating and desalination plants;

chemical or petroleum processing, transfer 

or storage;

mineral extraction;

shoreline protection facilities; and

sewage treatment and disposal and solid 

waste disposal facilities.

The CRMC utilizes a permit review process to 

involve local, State, and Federal agencies in its 

management decisions. The Council is the last 

step in State permit procedures. Persons proposing such activities as alterations along the 

shorelines will first obtain other applicable local 

and State permits and will then be informed as to 

whether a Council permit is required. Comments 

from interested parties, including Federal agencies, are solicited and incorporated into permit 

considerations.

Since 1975, with Federal funds made available 

through the CZM program, the CRMC has greatly accelerated its development of management 

regulations, notably those addressing sand dunes; 

beaches and barrier islands; cliffs/bluffs; flood hazard areas; marine mineral mining; dredging in 

tidal water; ocean dumping; and petroleum and 

LNG processing, transfer, and storage. As a part 

of its management information base, a series of 

coastal information maps has also been made 

available (orthophotoquads corrected to conform 

with USGS topographic maps at the scale of 

1:12,000). Features shown on these maps include 

local zoning, recreation facilities, historic sites, 

wetlands, public water and sewage lines, and flood 

hazard zones.

The Rhode Island coastal zone is defined to include the territorial seas and those lands within 

approximately 1 mi of tidal waters (the inner 

boundary of the census tract bisected by a line 

drawn 1 mi inland from tidal waters). As so defined the coastal region contains several coastal 

cities and towns in their entirety and encompasses 

nearly all the coastal watershed. For permit review purposes, the boundary includes all coastal 

towns.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS 

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD Subdistrict Chief, USGS, 

Federal Building, Room 224, Providence, RI 

02903 Phone: (401) 528-4389

Title: Ground-Water Supply, Development, and Management, Pawcatuck River Basin, Rhode Island

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Stream Models; Planning and Management Alternative methods of development of ground- 

- water supplies; Effects of Development Ground-Water Withdrawals

Location(s): Southwestern Rhode Island

Title: Appraisal of Water Quality of Rhode Island Streams 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water; Effects of Development Urbanization 

Location!s): Rhode Island statewide

SOUTH CAROLINA

The South Carolina CZM program is based on 

the South Carolina Coastal Management Act of 

1977 (SCCMA), which establishes a South 

Carolina Coastal Council (SCCC) to regulate activities occurring in four types of "critical areas," 

including tidelands, coastal waters, beaches and 

primary ocean - front sand dunes. In addition, the 

SCCC also "certifies" State and Federal permits 

applicable to activities within the eight coastal 

counties. Federal approval of the program was received in September 1979.

The Coastal Council's permit review and certification process outside of the critical areas involves 

activities of six other State agencies, notably 

those addressing

 permits for activities below the ordinary 

high-water mark, that are within the 

coastal zone but out of the critical areas;

 State permits to construct wastewater treatment systems or septic tanks handling

61
either more than 1,500 gal/d or 

other - than - domestic waste;

 water supply permits;

 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination 

System (NPDES) permits (delegated by 

EPA);

 Section 401 of the Federal Water Pollution 

Control Act Certification;

 mining operation permits;

 certificates for major utility facilities;

 oil and gas facilities permits;

 ground-water capacity use area permits; 

and

 air quality permits.

CZM BOUNDARY

The South Carolina coastal zone is defined to include all coastal waters and submerged lands seaward to the State's jurisdictional limits and all 

lands and waters in the counties of the State 

which contain any one or more of the critical 

areas. These counties are Beaufort, Berkeley, 

Charleston, Colleton, Dorchester, Horry, Jasper, 

and Georgetown.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS 

Topo- Bothy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Eastern Mapping Center, USGS, 536 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6336

1:250,000 

Georgetown 

James Island 

Savannah

1:100,000 

Beaufort

1:24,000 

Fort Pulaski 

Tybee Island North

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6631

Title: Geology, Earthquakes, and Geologic Hazards of Charleston Area, South Carolina

Status: Begun 1974, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Charleston and vicinity

Investigator(s): G. S. Gohn, J. D. Phillips, J. C. Behrendt, H.

D. Ackermann, and C. J. Langer 

Product(s): Lyttle, P. T., Gohn, G. S., Higgins, B. B., and

Wright, D. S., 1979, Vertical crustal movements in the

Chai-leston - Savannah area- Tectonophysics, v. 52, p.

183-189.

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 1835 

Assembly Street, Suite 658, Columbia, SC 

29201 Phone: (803) 765-5966

Title: Reconnaissance Investigation of South Carolina Estuaries

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Streamflow Characteristics; Quality of Water Surface Water; Environmental Assessment Estuaries

Location(s): Eastern South Carolina

Product(s): Johnson, F. A., 1978, A tracer study of the flushing time of the Sampit River estuary, Georgetown, South 

Carolina: South Carolina Water Resources Commission 

Report no. 10, 40 p.

Title: Grand Strand Capacity Use Study

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Ground Water

Location(s): Northeastern North Carolina

Product(s): Zack, A., 1977, The occurrence, availability, and 

chemical quality of ground water, Grand Strand area and 

surrounding parts of Harry and Georgetown Counties, 

South Carolina: South Carolina Water Resources Commission Report no. 8, 100 p.

Title: Low Country Capacity Use Study

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Ground Water; 

Contamination Saline Water

Location(s): Southeastern South Carolina

Product(s): Hayes, L. R., 1978, The ground - water resources 

of Beaufort, Colleton, Hampton, and Jasper Counties, 

South Carolina: South Carolina Water Resources Commission Report no. 9, 181 p.

Title: Occurrence of Fluoride in Ground Water From the Coastal Plain in South Carolina

Status: Completed FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Ground Water; Contamination 

High Fluoride Concentrations; Environmental Assessment

Location(s): Coastal South Carolina

Product(s): Johnson, P. W., and Rhett, J. M., 1981, Fluoride 

concentrations in water from four principal Coastal Plain 

aquifer systems, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open- File Report 81-140.

Title- Comprehensive Study of Some Geohydrologic Problems 

of Harry and Georgetown Counties, South Carolina

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Contamination Saltwater Intrusion, High Fluoride 

Concentrations; Quality of Water Ground Water; Areal 

Appraisal

Location(s): Northeastern South Carolina

62
Product(s): Zack, A. L., 1980, Geochemistry of fluoride in the 

Black Creek aquifer system of Harry and Georgetown 

Counties, South Carolina; and its physiological implications: U.S. Geological Survey Water -Supply Paper 2067.

Title: An Assessment of Ground - Water Resources of Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester Counties, South Carolina 

An Overview

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development Ground - Water Withdrawals; Contamination 

High Fluoride Concentrations

Location(s): Central Coastal South Carolina

Title: Geologic, Hydrologic, and Hydraulic Evaluation of the 

Water Resources of Harry and Georgetown Counties, South 

Carolina

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Planning and Management Develop Ground Water Supplies 

Location(s): Northeastern South Carolina

Title: Southeast Coastal Plain Regional Aquifer System Study

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis

Location(s): Southeastern South Carolina

Title: An Independent Examination of the Effectiveness of the 

Cooper River Rediversion Project

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Rediversion of River; Environmental Assessment Sedimentation, Charleston Harbor

Location(s): Southern South Carolina

TEXAS

Texas has developed several alternative preliminary CZM programs based on existing State authorities. To date, however, none has been submitted formally for Federal approval.

The State's CZM program development activities were carried out by the General Land 

Office until 1979. More recent efforts were under 

the coordination of the Texas Energy and Natural 

Resources Advisory Council created by the Legislature.

Major issues addressed through the CZM program development phase include natural hazards 

(hurricanes, subsidence, and erosion), estuarine 

and bay management (wetlands, dredge activities 

and freshwater inflows) and developmental activities (industrial siting, OCS onshore impacts). 

Principal existing State laws considered for program implementation include the Texas Coastal 

Public Lands Management Act of 1973, the Texas 

Water Code, the Coastal Wetlands Acquisition 

Act, the Coastal Coordination Act, and the Dunes 

Protection act.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS 

Topo-Bathy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Rocky Mountain Mapping Center, 

USGS, MS 504, Box 25046, Denver Federal 

Center, Lakewood, CO 80225 Phone: (303) 

234-2326

1:250,000 

Bay City 

Beeville 

Houston 

Port Arthur

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, MS911, 

Federal Center, Lakewood, CO 80222 Phone: 

(303) 234-^3624

Title: South Texas Lineaments and Subsidence Study

Status: Begun 1975, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Metropolitan Houston area

Investigators): R. R. Verbeck

Pmduct(s): Verbeck, R. R., 1979, Surface faults in the Gulf 

Coastal Plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas: Tectonophysics, v. 52, p. 373-375

Title: Sedimentation and Stratigraphy of a Fluvial-Estuarine - Barrier Island Complex

Statiis: Begun 1975, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Mustang Island - Corpus Christi Bay area

Investigators): G. L. Shideler

Title: Quaternary Geologic History and Sea Floor Stability

Status: Begun 1979, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Outer shelf and upper slope of northwest Gulf of 

Mexico

Investigators): H. L. Berryhill, Jr.

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 300 E. 

8th Street, Austin, TX 78701 Phone: (512) 

397-5766

Title: Urban Hydrology Study Houston, Texas

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Urbanization; Streamflow

Characteristics Floods; Quality of Water; Streamflow

Modeling

Location(s): Southeastern Texas 

Product(s): Liscum, Fred, and Massey, B. C., 1980, Tech-
niques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of 

floods in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 80- 

17, 42 p.

Title: Saltwater Encroachment, Houston Area, Texas

Status: Completed FY 78

Type: Contamination Saltwater Intrusion into Ground Water;

Effects of Development Dredging 

Location(s): Southeast Texas 

Product(s): Jorgensen, D. G., 1976, Saltwater encroachment in

aquifers near the Houston ship channel, Texas: U.S.

Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-781, 58 p.

Title: Model Study Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Texas 

Gulf Coast

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Aquifer Modeling; Effects of Development Ground 

Water Withdrawals

Location(s): Texas Gulf Coast

Product(s): Meyer, W. L., and Carr, J. R., 1979, A digital 

model for simulation of ground-water hydrology in the 

Houston area, Texas: Texas Department of Water Resources Report LP-103, 104 p.

Title: Model Study of the Jasper and Catahoula Aquifers in the 

Gulf Coast Region of Texas

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Aquifer Modeling; Effects of Development Ground - Water Withdrawals

Location(s): Texas Gulf Coast

Product(s): Baker, E. T., Jr., 1977, Stratigraphic and hydrologic framework of part of the Coastal Plain of Texas: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-712, 50 p.

Title: Artificial Recharge for Subsidence Abatement in the 

NASA-Johnson Space Center Area

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Effects of Development Land Subsidence as a result 

of Ground Water Withdrawals; Environmental Assessment

Location(s): East central Texas

Product(s): Garza, S., 1977, Artificial recharge for subsidence 

abatement at the NASA-Johnson Space Center, Texas: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-217, 77 p.

Title: Subsidence Studies Along the Texas Gulf Coast

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Land Subsidence as a result 

of Ground-Water Withdrawals; Environmental Assessment Faulting and Land Subsidence

Location(s): Texas Gulf Coast

Product(s): Gabrych, R. K., 1980, Approximate land-surface 

subsidence in the Houston - Galveston region, Texas, 

1906-78, 1943-78: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-337, 4 p.

Title: Hydrogeology of the Wilcox Group (Eocene) Texas - 

-A Regional Appraisal With Reference to Storage of 

Fluid Wastes in the Subsurface

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Regional Hydrologic Investigation Water - Quality

Location(s): Southern Texas

Product(s): Wesielman, J. B., 1977, Geopressure in the Carrizo Wilcox aquifer system of Texas, in Proceedings of 

the Third Geopressured - Geothermal Energy Conference: 

University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, 

November 16-18, 1977, v. 1, p. GL 425-438, 14 p.

Wallace, R. H., Jr., 1979, Gulf Coast geopressured - geothermal resources as related to hydrogeologic characteristics 

of the subsurface system for disposal of spent brines, in 

Workshop on Subsurface Disposal of Geopressured Fluids, 

Gulf Coast, Proceedings, Louisiana State University, 

Baton Rouge, March 6-7, 1979, p. 21-42.

Title: Geopressured - Geothermal Resources of the United 

States

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Regional Aquifers Investigations

Location(s): Gulf Coast Texas, Louisiana

Product(s): Kharaka, Y. K., Callender, E., and Wallace, R. 

H., Jr., 1977, Geochemistry of geopressured geothermal 

waters from the Frio Clay in the Gulf Coast region of 

Texas: Geology, v. 5, April, p. 241-244.

Wallace, R. H., Jr., 1979, An assessment of gas dissolved in 

sandbed reservoirs in southern Louisiana and adjacent 

continental shelf; submitted as a part of the Report to 

Supply Technical Advisory Task Force Nonconventional National Gas Resources by sub-Task Force 1: Gas 

Dissolved in Water; Gas Policy Advisory Council, Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of Energy, DOE/FERC-0029, p. 5-50, 46 p.

Wallace, R. H., Jr., Kraemer, T. F., Taylor, R. E., and Wesselman, J. B., 1979, Assessment of geopressured - geothermal resources in the Northern Gulf Coast of Mexico 

Basin, in Assessment of Geothermal Resources of the 

United States 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 790, 

p. 132-155.

Wallace, R. H., Jr., Taylor, R. E., and Wesselman, J. B., 

1977, Use of hydrogeologic mapping techniques in identifying potential geopressured - geothermal reservoirs in the 

Lower Rio Grande Embayment, Texas, in Proceedings, 

Third Geopressured - Geothermal Energy Conference, 

November 16- 18, 1977, University of Southwestern 

Louisiana, Lafayette, La., v. 1, p. GL 1-88, 88 p.

VIRGINIA

Virginia has one of the most comprehensive 

State and local programs in the Nation for regulating the use of wetlands. The State has engaged in the development of a CZM program 

focusing on wetlands controls and other existing 

State regulatory measures relating to air/water 

quality and marine resources. To date, however, 

no CZM program has been formally submitted for 

Federal approval.

The State's CZM program development activities are carried out by the Office of the Secretary of Commerce and Resources, the Virginia 

Marine Resources Commission, and the Virginia 

Institute of Marine Science.

64
USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS 

Topo-Bathy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Eastern Mapping Center, USGS, 536 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6336

1:250,000 

Currituck Sound

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6631

Title: Sedimentology and Geochemistry of Coastal Plain Estuaries

Status: Begun 1979, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Potomac River Estuary adjacent to Maryland and 

Virginia

Investigator(s): E. A. Martin

Title: Geologic History of WesternChesapeake Bay

Status: Begun 1980, as replacement of earlier project on geologic 

hazards relating to siting of nuclear reactors, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources/Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): West side of Chesapeake Bay, including Norfolk 

area in Virginia

Investigators): W. L. Newell

Title: Sediments and Surficial Geology of Delmarva Peninsula

Status: Completed 1979

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Delmarva Peninsula of Delaware and Maryland

Investigators): J. P. Owens

Product(s): Denny, C. S., and Owens, J. P., 1979, Sand Dunes 

on the Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware and Maryland, U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 1067-C, 15 p.

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 200 

W. Grace Street, Room 304, Richmond, VA 

23220 Phone: (804) 782-2427

Title: Occurrence and Quality of Ground Water in the Coastal 

Plain of Virginia

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Effects of Development Ground-Water Withdrawals

Location(s): Eastern Virginia

Produces): Hopkins, H. T., Bowen, R. P., Abe, J. M., and

Harsh, J. P., 1980, Potentiometric surface map for the 

Cretaceous aquifer, Virginia Coastal Plain, 1978: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Open-File Report 80-965, 1 p.

Title: Hydrology of the Coastal Plain Sediments Underlying 

James City County, Virginia

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation, Areal Appraisal Ground Water;

Contamination Saltwater Intrusion 

^Location(s): East central Virginia

Pmduct(s): Harsh, J. F., 1980, Ground water hydrology of 

James City County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 80-961, 

81 p.

Title: Hydrology of the Great Dismal Swamp

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Environmental Assessment

Location(s): Southeastern Virginia, northeastern North 

Carolina

Title: Distribution of Saltwater in the Coastal Plain

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Quality of

Water Vertical and Horizontal Distribution of Saltwater

in Ground - Water Aquifers 

Location(s): Southeastern Virginia

Title: Analysis of the Aquifer System in the Coastal Plain of

Virginia

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Location(s): Coastal Plain, Virginia and northeastern North

Carolina

Title: Hydrology of Estuarine Intertidal Environments of 

Northwestern Oregon and the Potomac River Estuary

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Regional Estuary Investigation

Location(s): Northwestern Oregon (Tillamook Embayment), 

Maryland and Virginia Potomac River Estuary)

Pmduct(s): Glenn, J. L., 1978, Sediment sources and Holocene 

sedimentation history in Tillamook Bay, Oregon: Data and 

preliminary interpretations: U.S. Geological Survey, 

Open - File Report 78-680, 64 p.

PUERTO RICO

The Puerto Rico CZM program is, in essence, 

an integral element of its commonwealthwide process of planning, development, and conservation. 

Federal approval of the program was received in 

September 1978.

The primary objective of the Commonwealth's 

CZM program is to guide developments on public 

and private properties. Puerto Rico already has a 

process for guiding development in the coastal 

zone, conducted principally by four agencies: The 

Puerto Rico Planning Board, the Regulations and 

Permits Administration, the Environmental Qual65
ity Board, and the Department of Natural Resources.

The established guidance process is based on 

the comprehensive powers of the Planning Board 

to reconcile conflicts among existing laws on developments and the authorities of the Department 

of Natural Resources (DNR) in controlling the use 

of coastal and other natural resources. In this process, the DNR serves as advocate and proponent 

of a natural resource perspective and the Board 

makes the final decisions that reconcile those proposals with other needs. The DNR is designated 

as the lead agency for coastal management in 

Puerto Rico, and the Planning Board retains responsibility for overall policymaking and for principal development controls.

A major effort of the CZM program involves refinement of regulations and criteria relating to 

runoff and sedimentation control, diking, filling, 

dredging and deposit of dredged materials. In addition, policies dealing with mangrove wetlands, 

beach access and coastal developments have been 

set forth.

CZM BOUNDARY

Generally, the coastal zone extends inland 1,000 

m from the shoreline of the main island of Puerto 

Rico and in some places somewhat farther inland 

where necessary to include an important coastal 

natural system. In addition, all offshore islands 

are included in the coastal zone. Although the 

marine jurisdiction of Puerto Rico extends outward 3 marine leagues, the coastal zone includes 

only those waters within 3 nautical miles.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS 

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6631

Title: Geologic Map and Tectonic Setting of Puerto Rico 

Status: Begun 1980, continuing

Type(s): Regional Geologic and Mineral Resources Investigation

Location(s): Islandwide 

Investigator(s): R. D. Krushensky

Title: Sediments, Subsurface Structure and Geologic Hazards 

of Offshore Puerto Rico

Status: Begun 1972, continuing

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Offshore areas of Puerto Rico

Investigators): 3. V. Trumbull

Product(s): Beach, D. K., and Trumbull, J. V., 1981, Marine 

geologic map of the Puerto Rico insular shelf, Isla Caja de 

Muertos area: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Series 1-1265.

Title: Puerto Rico Seismic Pi-ogram 

Status: Begun 1974, completion pending

Type(s): Environmental Conditions and Geologic Hazards Investigation

Location(s): Islandwide 

Investigator(s): C. J. Langer

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, Building 652, P.O. Box 34168, Ft. Buchanan, PR 

02903 Phone: (401) 528-4389

Title: Water Resources of the North Coast Limestone, Puerto

Rico

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Areal Appraisal Ground Water 

Location(s): North Coast, Puerto Rico 

Product(s): Giusti, E. V., 1978, Hydrogeology of the karst of

Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper

1012, 68 p.

Title: Water Resources of Maunabo Valley, Puerto Rico

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water

Locations): Southeastern Puerto Rico

Productfs): Adolphson, D. G., Seijo, M. A., and Robison, T. 

M., 1977, Water resources of the Maunabo Valley, Puerto 

Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 115-76, 38 p.

Title: Water-Quality Reconnaissance Study at Solid- Waste

Disposal Sites in Puerto Rico 

Status: Completed FY 79 

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Effect of

Solid - Waste on Ground Water 

Location(s): Puerto Rico, Islandwide 

Product(s): Gomez - Gomez, F., 1979, Reconnaissance of six

solid-waste disposal sites in Puerto Rico and effects on

water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report

79-1338, 75 p.

Title: Summary Appraisal of the Nation's Ground-Water Resources Caribbean Region

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Regional Ground Water; Planning 

and Management Development of Ground-Water Resources

Locatwn(s): Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands

Title: Effects of Ground-Water Usage in Critical Areas

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Development Ground-Water Withdrawals; Planning and Management Development of Ground- 

- Water Resources

Locations): Southwest, north - central, and southeast Puerto 

Rico

66
Title: Geohydrologic Descriptions of Selected Sanitary

Landfills in Puerto Rico 

Status: Completed FY 78 (except report) 

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Effect of

Solid - Waste Disposal on Ground Water 

Locationfs): Puerto Rico islandwide

Title: Water Resources of Sabana Seca to Vega Baja Area, 

Puerto Rico

Status: Completed FY 79 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Contamination Saltwater Intrusion; Planning and Management Growing of Rice

Locations): North - central coast, Puerto Rico

Title: Water Resources of the Canovanas Rio Grande Area, 

Puerto Rico

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Seawater Intrusion 

Location(s): Northeast coast, Puerto Rico

Title: Water Resources of the Rio Gunajibo Basin, Puerto Rico

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Contamination Seawater Intrusion; Aquifer Delineation; 

Streamflow Characteristics

Location(s): Southwest coast, Puerto Rico

Title: Restoration of Fresh Ground Water in the Cano

Tiburones Area of Puerto Rico 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Contamination Seawater Intrusion into Ground and

Surface Water; Planning and Management Growing of

Rice 

Location(s): North - central Coast, Puerto Rico

Title: Water Resources of the Manati Area, Puerto Rico 

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Contamination Seawater Intrusion; Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water 

Location(s): North - central coast, Puerto Rico

Title: Water Resources of the Cibuco Area, Puerto Rico

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Seawater Intrusion 

Location(s): North - central coast, Puerto Rico

Title: Water Resources of the Anasco Basin

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer

Delineation; Environmental Assessment Drainage for

Agriculture 

Location(s): West coast, Puerto Rico

Title: Available Water in the Lower Rio Loco Valley, Guanica,

Puerto Rico 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water 

Location(s): Southwestern coast, Puerto Rico

Title: Availability of Water for Irrigation in the Lower Rio

Grande de Arecibo Alluvial Valley 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer

Delineation; Streamflow Characteristics 

Locations): Western north coast, Puerto Rico

VIRGIN ISLANDS

The Virgin Islands CZM program is based 

primarily on the Open Shoreline Act administered 

by the Department of Conservation and Cultural 

Affairs (DCCA). Federal approval of the program 

was received in September 1978.

The economy of the Virgin Islands is heavily dependent on tourism, which, in turn, generates a 

high demand for shoreline developments. In recent years, industries such as oil refining and 

watch assembly have also added to the demand for 

coastal locations. Thus, beginning in 1973, the Virgin Islands legislature passed a number of laws 

designed specifically to control the use of 

shorelines and related coastal resources.

The lead agency for the CZM program is the 

former Bureau of Shoreline and Land Management within the DCCA, now redesignated as the 

Division of Coastal Zone Management. The division operates a coastal zone permit system under 

the supervision of a territorywide Coastal Zone 

Management Commission which controls the 

dredging and mining of sand, gravel, and coral 

from the beaches and shorelines. In addition to 

the Open Shoreline Act, the provisions of several 

other statutes are also consolidated into the permit system, including

 the Trustlands, Occupancy and Alteration 

Act, which controls occupation and alteration of submerged lands by filling, dredging, mining, construction, or other means;

 the Earth Change Law, which controls soil 

erosion stemming from land alteration;

 the Zoning Law; and

 the Subdivision Law.

CZM BOUNDARY

The Virgin Islands' coastal zone is defined to include the 3 mi offshore areas and a two tier 

landward element. The first tier is composed of a 

relatively narrow strip along the coast subject to 

the coastal zone permit system. All offshore islands and cays are included in the first tier, except 

those areas under the "sole discretion" of the Federal Government: Water and Buck Island, St. 

Thomas; Trunk Cay, St. John; and Buck Island,

67
St. Croix. The second tier includes all watersheds 

and adjacent areas of the three main islands.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS 

Geologic Studies

Initial contact: Regional Geologist, USGS, 953 National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: (703) 

860-6631

Title: Sand Resources of Northern Virgin Islands Shelf

Status: Begun 1977, completed

Type(s): Special Mineral Resources Investigation

Locations): Offshore areas of Virgin Islands

Investigator(s): C. W. Holmes

Product(s): Holmes, C. W., 1978, Virgin Islands sand resource

study: U.S. Geological Survey Open - File Report 78-919,55

PWater Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, Building 652, P.O. Box 34168, Ft. Buchanan, PR 

02903 Phone: (401) 528-4389

Title: Water - Resource Appraisal of St. Croix, Virgin Islands 

Status: Completed F Y 79 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation 

Locations): St. Croix, V.I.

Title: Water Resource Appraisal of St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer 

Delineation; Streamflow Characteristics

Location(s): St. Thomas, V.I.

THE GREAT LAKES

States in this region are concerned with such issues as the effects of shoreland developments on the 

water quality of the Great Lakes and, conversely, 

the problems of shoreline erosion and storm hazards 

stemming from the Lakes. The tradition of local 

home rule also runs strong in this region, though 

State resource management agencies are often 

given authorities to exercise overviews on planning 

and control of specially designated shoreland areas 

(environmentally sensitive and (or) hazard - prone 

areas) by local governments.

Typically, CZM decisionmaking processes in 

these States are based on existing State and (or) 

local shoreland control programs, with an intergovernmental coordination mechanism operating at the 

State level to provide policy guidance.

ILLINOIS

In 1978, the State developed a preliminary CZM 

program based on existing State and municipal authorities. Implementation of the program was to 

be made official through a proposed legislation. 

The Legislature, however, failed to pass the 

needed legislation. Consequently, no program has 

been submitted for Federal approval.

Illinois' coastal zone is defined in the preliminary program as a narrow strip of shoreland along 

Lake Michigan consisting primarily of properties 

immediately adjacent to the Lake, coastal flood 

plains, and erosion - prone areas. Management of 

this narrow strip will be primarily through existing local zoning, with the State providing assistance in conflict resolution between adjoining 

municipalities.

The State controls construction on low-lying 

properties immediately adjacent to Lake Michigan 

through its Rivers, Lakes, and Streams Act. Permits are required from the State Department of 

Transportation, Division of Water Resources, to 

authorize any project which will directly affect the 

waters of the lake.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Woter Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 102 E. 

Main Street, Urbana, IL 61801 Phone: (217) 

398-5353

Title: Hydrogeologic Assessment of the Northern Midwest Regional Aquifer in Illinois 

Status: Ongoing FY 1981 

Purpose: Regional Aquifer System Analysis 

Locations): Northern Illinois 

Investigator(s): District Office, Champaign, 111.

INDIANA

Indiana has about 45 mi of shoreline on Lake 

Michigan consisting of densely populated and industralized areas as well as dunes, wetlands, 

beaches, prairies, and forests.

In early 1980, the State developed an approach 

to coastal zone management, calling for the creation of a legislative study committee in the State's 

Legislative Council to recommend to the Legislature the most appropriate means to implement a 

CZM program. The Indiana General Assembly, 

however, did not act on this proposal. Consequently, no program has been submitted for 

Federal approval.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 1819 N.

68
Meridian Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202 

Phone: (317) 269^7101

Title: Investigation of the Hydrology and Water Quality of 

Cowels Bog Wetland Complex and Surrounding Area

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Aquifer 

Delineation

Location(s): Northwestern Indiana

Title: Investigation of Potential Ground-Water Quality 

Changes Caused by Northern Indiana Public Service Company

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Effects of Developmenl^-Dewatering; Quality of 

Water Ground Water (Modeling)

Location(s): Northwestern Indiana

Title: Regional Ground - Water Appraisal, Great Lakes Basin

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Regional Ground Water; Planning 

and Management

Locations): Great Lakes Basin, Northern Indiana

Produces): Weist, W. G., Jr., 1977, Summary appraisal of the 

nation's ground-water resources, Great Lakes Region: 

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 812, 30 p.

Title: Evaluation of Water-Level and Water-Quality Problems, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Effects of Development Dewatering; Contamination Fly - Ash; Quality of Water Ground Water

Location(s): Northwestern Indiana

Product(s): Meyer, William, and Tucci, Patrick, 1979, Effects 

of seepage from fly-ash settling ponds and construction 

dewatering on ground-water levels in the Cowles Unit, 

Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 78-138, 95 p.

Title: Ground-Water Resources of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation; 

Effects of Development Urbanization, Dewatering

Location(s): Northwestern Indiana

Product(s): Gillies, D. C., and Lapham, W. W., 1980, Reassessment of the effects of construction dewatering on 

groundwater levels in the Cowles Unit, Indiana Dunes 

National Lakeshore, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 80-1105, 56 p.

Title: The Northern Midwest Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis: Hydrogeology and Water Quality of the Cambrian - Ordovician Aquifer in Indiana

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Regional Aquifer System Analysis

Location(s): Northwestern Indiana

Title: Biological and Chemical Characteristics of Surface Waters of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water; ContaminationFly-Ash

Locationfs): Northwestern Indiana

MICHIGAN

The Michigan CZM program is based primarily 

on the Michigan Shorelands Protection and Management Act of 1970 (Act 245), which enables the 

State to regulate developments in designated 

shoreland high-risk erosion areas. Federal approval of the program was received in September 

1978.

The State's Department of Natural Resources, 

which administers Act 245, is the designated CZM 

Agency. Through the CZM program, a number of 

other existing State regulatory programs, notably 

those applicable to wetlands, floodplains, and soil 

erosion and sedimentation controls, are incorporated into a coastal management system. Implementation of the CZM program is through 

existing State permits and licenses and there is no 

special coastal permit process created.

Local governments in Michigan's coastal zone 

are involved in the CZM program through Act 

245, which requires implementation through local 

zoning ordinances approved in accordance with 

State guidelines and standards. Under provisions 

of Act 245, State permits will be applicable to only 

those "high-risk erosion - prone" shorelands not 

covered by a local zoning ordinance.

CZM BOUNDARY

Michigan's coastal zone includes waters of the 

Great Lakes under its jurisdiction. The inland 

boundary is defined to include areas extending a 

minimum of 1,000 ft from the ordinary 

high - water mark, plus bulges around areas having resources or uses which have a physical, chemical, biological, or other demonstrable impact upon 

the Great Lakes. Thus, while the inland coastal 

zone is essentially a 1,000 ft strip of shoreland, it 

contains such bulges as coastal lakes; 

river-mouths and bays; floodplains; wetlands; 

Great Lakes sand dunes; public park, recreation 

and natural areas, and some urban areas.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS 

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 6520 

Mercantile Way, Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48910 

Phone:(517)372-1910

Title: Ground-Water Resources of the Western Upper Peninsula,

Michigan

Status: Completed FY 78 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation 

Jjocation(s): Northwestern Michigan

69
Title: Ground Water of Coal Deposits, May County, Michigan

Status: Completed F Y 79 (except report)

Type(s): Aquifier Delineation; Environmental Assessment 

Ground Water in Coal Beds 

Location(s): East-central Michigan

Title: Ground-Water Modeling of Muskegon County Wastewater Treatment Facility

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Aquifer Modeling, Waste Disposal and Contamination Liquid Waste

Location(s): West-central Michigan

Title: Geology and Hydrology for Environmental Planning in 

Michigan

Status: Completed FY 79 (except report)

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Geology and Water Resources; Planning and Management Land Use

Location(s): Michigan statewide

Title: Water Resources of the Marquette Iron Range Area, 

Michigan

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Areal Appraisal General

Location(s): Central upper peninsula, Michigan

Produces): Grannemann, N. G., 1979, Water resources of the 

Marquette iron range area, Marquette County, Michigan: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1339, 77 p.

Title: Hydrologic Analysis of the Sands Plain Area, Marquette

County, Michigan 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Effects of Development Mining Excavations;

Aquifer Delineation; Quality of Water Ground Water 

Locations): Central upper peninsula, Michigan

Title: Water Resources of Sleeping Bear Dunes National

Lakeshore, Michigan 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water 

Location(s): Northwestern lower peninsula, Michigan

Title: Water Resources of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore,

Michigan

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water 

Location(s): Northern upper peninsula, Michigan

Title: Ground-Water Study of Wurtsmith Air Force Base, 

Michigan

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Contamination Trichloroethylene in Ground Water; 

Quality of Water Ground Water; Aquifer Modeling

Locations): Northeastern lower peninsula, Michigan

Produces): Stark, J. R., Cummings, T. R., and Twenter, F. 

R., 1981, Ground-water contamination at Wurtsmith Air 

Force Base, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report, 84 p.

Title: Water Resources of Van Buren County, Michigan

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Effects

of Development Irrigation 

Location(s): Southwestern Michigan

MINNESOTA

The State engaged in a CZM program development process in 1975 through its Office of 

State Planning. In time, the two northernmost 

coastal counties opposed the program due to efforts in Congress to expand the nearby Boundary 

Waters Canoe Area and the management authority of the U.S. Forest Service. Because of this opposition, the State terminated its activities for 

CZM program development in September 1980.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 1033 

Post Office Building, St. Paul, MN 55101 

Phone: (612) 725-7841

Title: Hydrology of Watersheds in the Lake Superior Basin, 

Minnesota

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water; Planning and Management Development of Water Resources

Locations): Northeastern Minnesota

Product(s): Lindholm, G. F., Ericson, D. W., Broussard, W. 

L., and Hult, M. F., 1977, Water resources of the St. 

Louis River watershed, northeastern Minnesota: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-608, 3 sheets.

Title: A Hydrogeologic Reconnaissance of Sand - Plain Aquifers in Minnesota

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation 

Location(s): Minnesota statewide

Title: Environmental Impact Assessment of Copper - Nickel 

Mining Development in Northeastern Minnesota

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Water Resources; Effects of Development Mining; Areal Appraisal Ground 

and Surface Water

Location(s): Northeastern Minnesota

Product(s): Siegel, D. I., and Ericson, D. W., 1980, Hydrology 

and water quality of the copper - nickel study region, 

northeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 80-739, 

87 p.

Title: Summary Appraisals of the Nation's Ground-Water Resources Souris - Red - Rainy Rivers Region

Status: Completed FY 77

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Regional Ground Water; Planning 

and Management Development of Water Resources

Location(s): Western Minnesota, eastern North Dakota, and 

eastern South Dakota

Produces): Reeder, H. 0., 1977, Summary appraisals of the 

Nation's ground - water resources Souris - Red - Rainy 

region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813-K, 

112 p.

70
Title: Water Quality Investigations in Voyageurs National 

Park, Minnesota

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water, Lakes; Effects of 

Development; Environmental Assessment

Location(s): Northern Minnesota

Produces): Payne, G. A., 1979, Water-quality reconnaissance of lakes in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: 

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-556, 40 p.

Title: Underground Injection Control Program, Minnesota

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Aquifer Delineation; Waste Disposal and Contamination; Planning and Management Waste Injection in 

Aquifers

Locations): Minnesota statewide

OHIO

The State has developed a preliminary CZM 

program calling for the passage of a legislation 

which will give the State authority over wetlands, 

provide for setbacks of structures in erosion-prone areas, and require municipalities to 

participate in the National Flood Plain Insurance 

Program. The needed legislation, however, has 

failed to pass. Consequently, no program has been 

submitted for Federal approval.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 975 W. 

Third Avenue, Columbus, OH 43212 Phone: 

(614)46^-5553

Title: Investigation of Geology and Ground-Water Hydrology 

Associated with the Salina Formation in a Selected Area in 

Northeast Ohio

Status: Completed FY 1979.

Purpose: Aquifer Delineation; Environmental Assessment Location of Salt Deposits

Location(s): Northeastern Ohio

Produces): Norris, S. E., 1978, Hydrologic environment of the 

Silurian salt deposits in parts of Michigan, Ohio, and New 

York: U.S. Geological Survey Open - File Report 78-684, 27 

PNorris, S. E., 1978, The Silurian salt deposits in eastern Lake, 

northwestern Astabula, and northeastern Geauga Counties, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79- 

269, 15 p.

PENNSYLVANIA

Pennsylvania has coastal areas bordering on the 

Great Lakes and the part of the Delaware River 

that is under tidal influence. Its CZM program is 

based on several existing State laws, including the 

Dam Safety and Encroachment Act (controls 

obstructions and encroachments in wetlands and

in the beds of Lake Erie and the Delaware River), 

the Floodplain Management Act, the Bluff Recession and Setback Act, and various air and water 

quality - control programs. Federal approval of 

the program was received in September 1980.

There are provisions for local administration of 

two program authorities based on State standards. These are the Floodplain Management Act, 

administered by the Department of Community 

Affairs and the Department of Environmental Resources, and the Bluff Recession and Setback Act, 

administered by the Department of Environmental Resources.

CZM BOUNDARY

The Lake Erie portion of the Pennsylvania coastal zone extends landward from the international 

boundary with Canada in Lake Erie to areas 400 

ft to 3 mi from the shoreline, encompassing erosion - hazard areas, wetlands, and floodplains. The 

Delaware River portion extends landward from 

the interstate boundary with New Jersey in the 

river to areas within 1/8 to over 3.5 mi from the 

banks of the Delaware, including all segments of 

tributaries under tidal influence (from Morrisville 

near Trenton southward to the interstate boundary line with Delaware).

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Topo- Bothy Maps

Initial contact: National Cartographic Information 

Center, Eastern Mapping Center, USGS, 536 

National Center, Reston, VA 22092 Phone: 

(703) 860-6336

1:250,000 

Wilmington

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, P. 0. Box 

1107, Harrisburg, PA 17108 Phone: (717) 

782-3468

Title: The Effects of Urbanization Upon the Water Resources 

of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Status: Completed FY 79 (except report)

Type(s): Effects of Development Urbanization; Environmental Assessment Floods; Streamflow Characteristics

TMcation(s): Philadelphia, Pa.

Title: Hydrology and Geology of Erie County 

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Areal Assessment Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation; Contamination Saline Water 

Locations): Northwestern Pennsylvania

71
Title: Ground - Water Quality in Pennsylvania 

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report) 

Type(s): Quality of Water Ground Water 

Locations): Pennsylvania statewide

Title: River Quality Assessment of the Schuylkill River Basin

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water; ContaminationHeavy Metals and Organic Compounds; Streamflow Characteristics

Location(s): Southeastern Pennsylvania

Product(s): Pederson, G. L., Yorke, T. H., and Stamer, J. K., 

1980, Work plan for the Schuylkill River basin, Pennsylvania; Assessment of river quality as related to the distribution and transport of trace metals and organic substances: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80- 

566, 25 p.

Title: Ground-Water Quality and Flow in the Coastal Plain

Aquifer, Philadelphia Area, Pennsylvania 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Quality of Water 

Ground Water; Effects of Development Ground-Water

Withdrawals 

Location(s): Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Title: Water - Quality Loads of the Susquehanna River 

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Surface Water; Contamination 

Locations): South - central Pennsylvania

Title: Appraisal of the Ground-Water Resources of the 

Philadelphia Area, Pennsylvania

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Planning and Management Ground-Water Development

Location(s): Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

WISCONSIN

The Wisconsin Coastal Management Program is 

based on numerous State laws which provide for 

the management of water resources, shoreline 

zoning, economic development, powerplant siting 

and others. A Governor's Executive Order (No. 

41, dated March 25, 1980) provides for the coordination of these laws, establishes a Wisconsin 

Coastal Management Council to "set out State 

coastal policies," and directs State agencies to act 

consistently with such policies. Federal approval 

of the program was received in May 1978.

CZM BOUNDARY

The Wisconsin coastal zone is defined to include 

all water areas in the Great Lakes under its jurisdiction and a landward element consisting of the 

15 counties with frontage on Lake Superior, Lake 

Michigan, or Green Bay.

USGS ACTIVITIES AND INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Water Resources Studies

Initial contact: WRD District Chief, USGS, 1815 

University Avenue, Room 200, Madison, WI 

53706 Phone: (608) 262-2488

Title: Study of Ground - Water Pollution in the Niagara Dolomite of Door County, Wisconsin

Status: Completed FY 78

Type(s): Waste Disposal and Contamination Pollution of 

Ground Water; Areal Appraisal Alternate Sources of 

Ground Water

Location(s): Northeastern Wisconsin

Produces): Sherrill, M. G., 1978, Geology and ground water in 

Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination 

potential in the Silurian dolomite: U.S. Geological Survey 

WaterSupply Paper 2047, 38 p.

Title: Hydrology of Cedar Lake; Surface Water-Ground 

Water Relationships

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Lake Recharge by 

Ground-Water Pumpage; Effects of DevelopmentGround - Water Withdrawals

Location(s): East-central Wisconsin

Product(s): McLeod, R. S., 1980, The effects of using ground 

water to maintain water levels of Cedar Lake, Wisconsin: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 

80-23, 35 p.

Title: Red Clay Sedimentation

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Erosion and Sediment 

Loads in Streams; Quality of Water Surface Water

Locations): Northwestern Wisconsin

Product(s): Rose, W. J., 1979, Bedload in northwestern Wisconsin's Nemadji River: U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report, 12 p.

Title: Ground - Water Resources and Geology of Washington 

and Ozaukee Counties, Wisconsin

Status: Completed FY 80

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation

Locations): Southwestern Wisconsin

Produces): Young, H. L., and Batten, W. G., 1980, Ground- 

- water resources and geology of Washington and 

Ozaukee Counties, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geology and Natural History Survey Information Circular 38, 37 p.

Title: Hydrology of Wetlands in Wisconsin

Status: Completed FY 78 (except report)

Type(s): Environmental Assessment Classification of Wetlands, Relation to Surface and Ground - Water Quality and 

Quantity

Location(s): Wisconsin statewide

Produces): Novitzki, R. P., 1978, Wisconsin wetlands; plants, 

hydrology, and soils: Wisconsin Geology and Natural History Survey Bulletin, 25 p.

Title: Ground - Water Contamination Potential in the Dolomite

Aquifer of Eastern Wisconsin 

Status: Completed FY 79

72
Type(s): Contamination Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation;

Quality of Water Ground Water 

Locations): Eastern Wisconsin 

Produces): Sherrill, M. G., 1979, Contamination potential in

the Silurian dolomite aquifer, eastern Wisconsin: U.S.

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 78-

108, 2 p.

Title: Ground-Water Resources and Geology of Dodge

County, Wisconsin

Status: Completed FY 79 (except report) 

Type(s): Area! Appraisal Ground Water; Aquifer Delineation 

Location(s): Southeastern Wisconsin

Title: Sediment Disposition in the White River Reservoir, 

Northwestern Wisconsin

Status: Completed FY 81

Type(s): Contamination Sediment; Environmental Assessment Erosion and Sediment Deposition

Location(s): Northwestern Wisconsin

Produces): Batten, W. G., and Hindall, S. M., 1980, Sediment 

deposition in the White River reservoir, northwestern 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 

2069, 30 p.

Title: Hydrogeology and Ground - Water Quality in Northeastern Waukesha County, an Area of Near-Surface Dolomite Bedrock 

Status: Completed FY 80 (except report)

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Contamination 

Ground Water Supplies (determine source and type)

Locations): Southeastern Wisconsin

Title: Water-Table, Depth - to - Water, and Contamination - Potential Maps of Washington Ozaukee, Waukesha, 

Milwaukee, Walworth, Racine, and Kenosha Counties, 

Wisconsin

Status: Completed FY 79

Type(s): Planning and Management Hydrologic Atlas Maps 

for Protection and Management of Ground-Water Resources

Locations): Southeastern Wisconsin

Produces): Sherrill, M. G., Schiller, J. J., and Erickson, J. R., 

1979, Watertable map of Kenosha County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 79- 

31, 1 pi.

Sherrill, M. G., Schiller, J. J., and Erickson, J. R., 1979, 

Water- table map of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin: U. 

S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations 

79-40 1 pi.

Sherrill, M. G., Schiller, J. J., and Erickson, J. R., 1979, 

Water- table map of Racine County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 79-

41. 1 pi.

Sherrill, M. G., Schiller, J. J., and Erickson, J. R., 1979, 

Water- table map of Walworth County, Wisconsin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations 79-

42. 1 pi.

Gonthier, J. B., 1979, Water-table map of Waukesha County, 

Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 79-43, 1 pi.

Title: Ground - Water Quality Appraisal of Wisconsin's Aquifers

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Quality of Water Ground Water; Environmental Assessment Natural and Man - Made Water - Quality Problems

Location(s): Wisconsin statewide

Title: Hydrology of the Northern Midwest Regional Aquifer

System in Wisconsin 

Status: Ongoing FY 81 

Type(s): Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis 

Location(s): Southern Wisconsin

Title: Simulation of a Proposed Management Plan for Winnebago Pool Water Elevations to Determine the Effects 

on Streamflow in the Fox River

Status: Completed FY 81

Type(s): Streamflow Characteristics; Planning and Management Managing Lake Levels and Streamflow; Effects of 

Development

Location(s): East Central Wisconsin

Product(s): Kreig, W. R., 1981, Hydrologic effects of proposed 

changes in management practices, Winnebago Pool, Wisconsin Pool, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water - Resources Investigations 80-107, 19 p.

Title: Water Resources Appraisal of Apostle Islands National

Lakeshore

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground and Surface Water 

Location(s): Northern Wisconsin

Title: Hydrogeology of an Area of Declining Ground - Water 

Levels in the Lower Fox River Valley, Wisconsin

Status: Ongoing FY 81

Type(s): Areal Appraisal Ground Water; Effects of Development Ground Water Withdrawals; Aquifer Modeling

Location(s): Northeastern Wisconsin

73
APPENDIX

Florida-Volusia County, Daytona Beach. May 1938.
APPENDIX 1

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

DIVISIONS FOR EARTH-SCIENCES ACTIVITIES

The USGS' earth science activities are performed by three program divisions: Geologic, National Mapping, and Water Resources.

The Geologic Division through a continuing national program of geologic research and investigations produces (a) new and improved methods, 

techniques, and instruments for mineral and energy resource assessments on land and on the submerged continental margins; (b) geologic, 

geophysical, and geochemical maps and analyses 

that show the distribution, age, composition, 

structure, and physical properties of the rocks and 

mineral deposits at and beneath the surface of the 

Earth, including the OCS; (c) information on the 

chemistry and physics of the earth, the climate, 

and the geologic processes by which it was formed 

and is continually being modified; (d) information 

on geologic hazards, such as volcanoes, landslides, 

and land subsidence, which affect human safety, 

urban development, and the engineering design of 

sensitive structures such as nuclear reactors and 

offshore oil and gas platforms as well as public facilities in urban areas; and (e) analyses for use by 

other Federal and State agencies in the management of Federal lands, including Federal coal leasing, wilderness studies, multiple use planning, 

and national policy determinations relating to energy development and mineral resource availability.

The National Mapping Division produces basic

information on the configuration of the land surface through various general purpose, special 

map, and special photoimage products. It also operates the National Cartographic Information 

Center, which serves as a clearinghouse for cartographic, photoimage, and digital data available 

from both Federal and State agencies. To meet 

the special needs of coastal zone planning and 

management, this Division, in cooperation with 

the National Ocean Survey (NOS) of the National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

(NOAA), is preparing a series of topo bathy 

maps of coastal areas showing, in addition to regular topographic features on land, sea bottom contours derived from bathymetric data. The National Mapping Division has also cooperated with 

NOS in producing a "Coastal Mapping Handbook" 

to help coastal planners match their needs with 

map products from Federal sources.

The Water Resources Division undertakes investigations and collects data on the quantity, 

quality, movement, and use of the surface and 

ground water. It also engages in special analyses 

of such topics as the frequency and heights of 

floods in order to assist Federal and State planning and management efforts in floodplains. The 

Water Resources Division investigates problems 

in the coastal zone, such as saltwater encroachment into ground water supplies, sinking of land 

because of excessive ground water withdrawals, 

and the role of freshwater in maintaining the 

ecological health of estuaries. The majority of 

these studies are done through cooperatively 

funded efforts with other Federal agencies and 

State and local governments.

76
APPENDIX II

SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION FOR 

COASTAL STATES

(NOTE: Materials in this section are based on excerpts from U.S. Geological Survey Circular 777, 

"A Guide to obtaining Information from the 

USGS," 1981.)

A. Public Inquiries Office (PIO's) 

B. USGS Distribution Branch and Open-File

Services Section

C. Regional Centers and State Affiliates of the 

National Cartographic Information Center

PUBLIC INQUIRIES OFFICIS

Public Inquiries Offices (PIO's) provide 

general information about the programs of 

the USGS and its reports and maps. PIO's 

answer inquiries made in person, by mail, 

or by telephone; recommend publications 

relating to specific subjects and areas; and 

refer requests for specific technical information to the appropriate people. PIO's 

sell limited quantities of published maps 

and books over the counter and distribute 

circulars, nontechnical publications, most 

catalogs, and indexes free of charge. All 

PIO's, except those in Reston, 

Washington, and Menlo Park maintain 

small reference libraries. Most are depositories for open-file reports. The Anchorage, Los Angeles, and Spokane offices 

maintain Landsat reference files and viewers for satellite images. PIO's with services available to coastal States are listed 

below:

ANCHORAGE, ALASKA

Maps of and book reports on Alaska:

Public Inquiries Office 

U.S. Geological Survey 

108 Skyline Building 

508 West Second Avenue 

Anchorage, Alaska 99501 

(907) 277-0577 

FTS (907) 277-0577

DALLAS, TEX.

Maps of and book reports on Louisiana and Texas:

Public Inquiries Office 

U.S. Geological Survey 

l-C-45 Federal Building

1100 Commerce Street 

Dallas, Tex. 75242 

(214) 767-0198 

FTS 729-0198

DENVER, COLO.

Maps of and book reports on Alaska:

Public Inquiries Office 

U.S. Geological Survey 

169 Federal Building 

1961 Stout Street 

Denver, Colo. 

(303) 837-4169 

FTS 327^169

LOS ANGELES, CALIF.

Maps of and book reports on Alaska, California, Hawaii, 

Oregon, and Washington:

Public Inquiries Office

U.S. Geological Survey

7638 Federal Building

300 North Los Angeles Street

Los Angeles, CA 90012

(213) 688-2850

FTS 798-2850

MENLO PARK, CALIF.

Maps of and book reports on Alaska, California, Hawaii, 

Oregon, and Washington:

Public Inquiries Office 

Building 3, Mail Stop 33 

345 Middlefield Road 

Menlo Park, CA 94025 

(415) 323-8111, ext. 2818 

FTS 467-2817

RESTON, VA.

Maps of and book reports on all States:

Public Inquiries Office 

U.S. Geological Survey 

503 National Center 

Room I-C^02 

12201 Sunrise Valley Drive 

Reston, VA 22092 

(703) 860-6167 

FTS 928-6167

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.

Maps of and book reports on Alaska, California, Hawaii, 

Oregon, and Washington:

Public Inquiries Office 

U.S. Geological Survey 

504 Court House 

555 Battery Street 

San Francisco, CA 94111

77
(415) 556^5627 

FTS 556-5627

SPOKANE, WASH.

Maps of and book reports on Alaska, Oregon, and 

Washington:

Public Inquiries Office 

U.S. Geological Survey 

678 U.S. Court House 

West 920 Riverside Avenue 

Spokane, Wash. 99201 

(509) 456-2524 

FTS 439-2524

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Maps of and book reports on all States:

Public Inquiries Office

U.S. Geological Survey

1028 General Services Administration Building

19th and F Streets, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20244

(202) 343-8073

FTS 343-8073

DISTRIBUTION OFFICES

DISTRIBUTION BRANCHES

The three regional centers of the USGS Distribution Branch are the primary sources for maps 

published by the USGS, and the Texts Products 

Section of the Eastern Distribution Branch is the 

primary source for all USGS books. To order 

maps, write to the appropriate center as explained 

below; for books, write to the Texts Products Section.

EASTERN DISTRIBUTION BRANCH

The Eastern Distribution Branch distributes 

maps of areas east of the Mississippi River including Minnesota, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The Texts Products Section of this office 

also sells all USGS books and distributes free materials.

Eastern Distribution Branch 

U.S. Geological Survey 

1200 South Eads Street 

Arlington, Va. 22202

(703) 557-2781 

FTS 557-2781

Text Products Section 

Eastern Distribution Branch

U.S. Geological Survey 

604 South Pickett Street 

Alexandria, Va. 22304

(703) 756-6141 

FTS 756-6141

WESTERN DISTRIBUTION BRANCH

The Western Distribution Branch sells maps of 

areas west of the Mississippi River including 

Alaska, Hawaii, Louisiana, Guam, and American 

Samoa. This office also distributes Geodetic Control Diagrams for the entire United States and 

selected River Survey Maps.

Western Distribution Branch 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Box 25286, Denver Federal Center 

Lakewood, Colo. 80225

(303) 234-3832 

FTS 234-3832

ALASKA DISTRIBUTION SECTION

The Alaska Distribution Section in Fairbanks 

sells maps of Alaska.

Alaska Distribution Section 

U.S. Geological Survey 

New Federal Building Box 12 

101 Twelfth Avenue 

Fairbanks, Alaska 99701

(907)456-7535 

FTS (907) 456-7535

USGS OPEN-FILE SERVICES SECTION

The Open File Services Section is a 

mail-order facility where both microfiche and 

paper copies of most open file reports are available at cost. The price of each open file report is 

given when the report is announced in "New Publications of the Geological Survey." Reports requiring special reproduction techniques may be 

available, however, only from certain depositories; 

in these cases, the source is indicated in the announcement. Prepayment is required and should 

be made payable to the U.S. Geological Survey. 

Reference copies of open - file reports continue to 

be available for inspection at U.S. Geological Survey libraries and at specified PIO's.

Open - File Services Section 

Western Distribution Branch 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Box 25425

Denver Federal Center 

Lakewood, Colo. 80225

78
REGIONAL CENTERS AND STATE AFFILIATES OF THE 

NATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC INFORMATION CENTER

NATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC INFORMATION CENTER

HEADQUARTERS

National Cartographic Information Center 

U.S. Geological Survey 

507 National Center 

Reston, Va. 22092

(703) 860-6045 

FTS 928-S045

REGIONAL CENTERS

National Cartographic Information Center 

Eastern Mapping Center 

U.S. Geological Survey 

536 National Center 

Reston, Va. 22092

(703)860-6336 

FTS 928-6336

National Cartographic Information Center 

Mid - Continent Mapping Center 

U.S. Geological Survey 

1400 Independence Road 

Rolla, Mo. 65401

(314) 341-0851 

FTS 277-0851

National Cartographic Information Center

Rocky Mountain Mapping Center

U.S. Geological Survey

MS 504, Box 25046

Denver Federal Center

Lakewood, Colo. 80225

(303)234-2326 

FTS 234-2326

National Cartographic Information Center 

Western Mapping Center 

U.S. Geological Survey 

345 Middlefield Road 

Menlo Park, Calif. 94025

(415) 323-8111, Ext. 2427 

FTS 467-2427

National Cartographic Information Center 

U.S. Geological Survey 

218 E Street 

Anchorage, Alaska 99501

(907) 271-^149 

FTS (907) 271-^148

National Cartographic Information Center

U.S. Geological Survey

Building 3101

National Space Technology Laboratories

NSTL Station, Miss. 39529

(601) 688-3544 

FTS 494-3544

COASTAL STATES AFFILIATES

Geological Survey of Alabama 

P.O. Drawer 0 

University, Ala. 35486

California Automated Resources Inventory 

Department of Conservation 

Suite 225 

717 K Street 

Sacramento, Calif. 95814

Office of Research and Evaluation 

Georgia Department of Community Affairs 

19 Martin Luther King, Jr., Drive 

Atlanta, Ga. 30334

Department of Planning and Economic Development 

Kamamalu Building 

250 South King Street 

Honolulu, Hawaii 96813

Office of Public Works

Department of Transportation and Development

P.O. Box 44155

Baton Rouge, La. 70804

Division of Land Resource Programs

Michigan Department of Natural Resources

Box 30028

Steven T. Mason Building

Lansing, Mich. 48909

Land Management Information Center

Minnesota State Planning Agency

LL45 Metro Square Bldg.

7th and Robert

Saint Paul, Minn. 55101

Regional Planning Branch

Mississippi Research and Development Center

P.O. Drawer 2470

Jackson, Miss. 39205

Department of Environmental Protection 

New Jersey Geological Survey 

P.O. Box 1390 

Trenton, N.J. 08625

Chief, Geological Survey Section 

Division of Land Resources, DNRCD 

Box 27687 

Raleigh, N.C. 27611

Administrator for Public Services 

State Library Building 

Salem, Oreg. 97310

Bureau of Topographic and Geological Survey 

Department of Environmental Resources 

P.O. Box 2357 

Harrisburg, Pa. 17120

79
South Carolina Land Resources Conservation Commission Document Section 

Suite 222 Washington State Library 

2221 Devine Street Olympia, Wash. 98504 

Columbia, S.C. 29205

State Cartographer's Office 

Texas Natural Resource Information Systems 144 gcience jjau

P.O. Box 13087 550 North Park street 

Austin, Tex. 78711 Madison, Wis. 53706

Division of Mineral Resources

Department of Conservation and Economic Development

National Resources Building

Box 3667

Charlottesville, Va. 22903

80