DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 384

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE

UNITED STATES

1914

PAUT IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN

Prepared under the direction of

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer 

by

W. G. HOYT, A. H. HORTON, C. C. COVERT, and C. H. PIERCE

In cooperation with 

THE STATES OF MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, NEW YORE, AND VERMONT

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1916
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE Ons SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 384

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1914

PART IT. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN

iflal* Res00tCeSey,

Prepared under the direction of f* «rAoJflC3* ^^ \ Qa-oHfffi

u ^TiAA CaP*0*^^

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief HydraulicrfinidB^ I)** ^*v QO3fc **

by /"^i^aVlCSlBii 

W. G. HOYT, A. H. HORTON, C. C. COVERT, and C. H. PIERCE

In cooperation with 

THE STATES OF MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, NEW YORK, AND VERMONT

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1916
ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

 WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

10 CENTS PEE COPY
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 5

Definition of terms....................................................... 6

Convenient equivalents.................................................... 7

Explanation of data...................................................... 9

Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 11

Cooperation.............................................................. 12

Division of work.......................................................... 13

Gaging station records...........................................^......... 13

Streams tributary to Lake Superior.................................... 13

Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn...................................... 13

Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn............................. 15

St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn............................"... 17

Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn........................ 19

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn.............................. 20

Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis......................... 22

Brule River near Brule, Wis...................................... 23

Bad River near Odanah, Wis....................................... 24

Streams tributary to Lake Michigan.................................... 25

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich................... 1........... 25

Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich....................... 26

Menominee River at Koss, Mich.................................... 28

Menominee River below Koss, Mich................................. 29

Brule River near Florence, Wis.................................... 31

Pine River near Florence, Wis.................................... 32

Pike River at Amberg, Wis....................................... 34

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis.................................... 35

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis....................................... 37

Wolf River at New London, Wis................................... 39

West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis......................... 41

Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis................................ 43

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis.............................. 45

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich................................ 46

Manistee River near Shennan, Mich. .. ...^ ..................... 47

Streams tributary to Lake Huron...............j........................ 48

Au Sable River near Lovells, Mich........ J........................ 48

Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich.... .j........................ 50

Streams tributary to Lake Erie.......... i......|........................ 51

Huron River at Dexter, Mich..................................... 51

Huron River at Barton, Mich..............1........................ 52

Huron River at Geddes, Mich...................................... 53

Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich.................................. 54

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y............................... 55

 i 3
4 CONTENTS.

Gaging.station records Continued. Page.

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario...................................... 57

Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y........................... 57

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y................................. 59

Genesee River at Jones' bridge near Mount Morris, N. Y............. 61

Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.................................. 62

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y.......................... 64

Owasco outlet near Auburn, N. Y................................. 65

Salmon River near Pulaski, N. Y.................................. 67

Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y.................................... 68

Black River near Boonville, N. Y................................. 70

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y................................. 73

Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.................. 75

Streams tributary to St. Lawrence River................................ 77

East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y............ 77

Oswegatcbie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y.......................... 79

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y............................... 81

Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y........................... 83

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y............................ 85

Deer River at Brasher Iron Works, N. Y........................... 87

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y......................... 88

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y............................... 89

Ausable River at Au Sable Forks, N. Y............................ 93

Lake George, N. Y................................................ 95

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.................................. 101

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.................................. 102

Worcester Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.............. 107

Dog River at Northfield, Vt....................................... Ill

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, near Morrisville, Vt.................. 113

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt................................ 115

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt..................................... 119

Miscellaneous measurements.............................................. 126

Index.................................................................... 127

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE I. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging stations................ 10

II. Automatic gages: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez ........ 11
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

BASIN, 1914.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1914.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, 

mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid west. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry bills passed by Congress have 

carried the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of-underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June SO, 1895-1915.

1895....................................................... $12,500

1896......................................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900,inclusive....................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902,inclusive....................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906, inclusive....................................... 200,000

1907......................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1911 to 1915, inclusive....................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 12.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 3,400 points 

in the United States * and also at many points in Alaska and the 

Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1914, 1,480 gaging stations were being

i Stream-gaging stations and publications relating to water resources, 1885-1913; U. S. Geol. Survey 

Water-Supply Paper 340,1916.

5
6 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many 

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In 

connection with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will'be made available in 

water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard to 

publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix: 

to this report (pp. i-xxix).

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miners' inches, and discharge in secondfeet per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth of inches, acre-feet, and millions of 

cubic feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are 

second-feet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, acre-feet, 

and millions of cubic feet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." 

A second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel 

of rectangular cross-section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed by the use of the factors given 

in, the tables of convenient equivalents (pp. 7-8).

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area7

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off 

with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth of inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

"Millions of cubic feet" is applied to quantities of water stored 

in reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of flood 

control.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Discharge relation," an abbreviation, for the term "relation of 

gage height to discharge."

"Control," "controlling section," and "point of control"; terms 

used to designate the section or sections of the stream below the
CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

gage which determine the discharge relation at the gage. It should 

be noted that the control may not be the same section or sections at 

all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a given gaging station is that point 

on the gage the gage height to which the surface of the river would 

fall if there were no flow.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge 

(second-feet 

per square 

mile).

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (depth in inches).

Iday.

a 03719 

.07438 

. 11157 

.14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

.33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207. 

6.248 

7.289 

&331 

9.372

29 days.

L079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

a 628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. *For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1... ......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

Run-off (acre-feet).

Iday.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950 

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

166.6 

222.1

277.7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-oft for 1 day by the number of days. 

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1... :.....

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (millions of cubic feet).

Iday.

0.0864 

.1728 

.2592 

.3456 

.4320 

.5184 

.6048 

.6912 

.7776

28 days.

2.419 

4.838 

7.257 

9.676 

12.10 

14.51 

16.93 

19.35 

21.77

29 days.

2.506 

5.012 

7.518 

10.02 

12.53 

15.04 

17.54 

20.05 

22.55

30 days.

2.592 

5.184 

7.776 

10.37 

12.96 

15.55 

18.14 

20.74 

23.33

31 days.

2.678 

5.356 

8.034 

10.71 

13.39 

16.07 

18.75 

21.42 

24.10

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days.
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1014, PAST IV.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-ofl (millions of gallons).

Iday.

0.6463 

1.293 

1.939

2.585 

3.232 

3.878 

4.524 

5.171 

5.817

28 days.

18.10 

36.20 

54.30 

72.40 

90.50 

108.6 

126.7 

144.8 

162.9

29 days.

18.74 

37.48 

56.22 

74.96 

93.70 

112.4 

131.2 

149.9 

168.7

30 days.

19.39

38.78 

58.17 

77.56 

96.95 

116.3 

135.7 

155.1 

174.5

31 days.

20.04 

40.08 

60.12 

80.16 

100.2 

120.2 

140.3 

160.3 

180.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for 1 day by the number of days.

Table for converting velocity in feet per second into velocity in miles per hour.

{1 foot per second=0.681818 mile per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mile per hour= 1.4666 

feet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used.]

Feet per second

Miles per hour for tenths of foot per second.

(units).

0....................

1..... ...............

2....................

3....................

4....................

5....................

6....................

7....................

8....................

9....................

0

0.000

fift9

1.36

2.05

9 73

3.41

4 no

4.77

5.45

6.14

1

a 068

f7Kf\

1 4^

2.11

9 ftn

3

AQ

4.16

4 CM

5.52

6.20

2

0.136 aia

1.50

9 1ft

2 gg

3.55

4 00

4, O1

5.59

6.27

3

0.205

ftftA

1

K7

9 *X

9 Cft

3.61

4 30

4 98

5.66

6 34

4

0.273

one

1 64

4 O9

3 ftft

3.68

4 36

5.05 * *n

6 41

5

0.341

1

AO

1.70

9 3Q

3.07

3.75

A 4«>

5.11

5.80

A 4ft

6

0.409

I

flQ

1.77

9 A.%

3 Id

3.82

i in

5.18

5.86

6.55

7

0.477

1.16

1.84

2.52

3.20

3.89

4.57

5.25

5.93

6.61

8

0.545

1.23

1.91

2.59

3.27

3.95

4.64

5.32

6.00

6.68

9

0.614

1.30

1.98

2.66

3.34

4.02

4.70

5.39

6.07

6.75

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. 

[1 second-foot=0.1136 theoretical horsepower per foot of fall. Weight of 1 cubic foot of water=62.5 pounds.]

Tens.

0.............

1. ............

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9. ............

Units.

0

0.00 

1.14 

2.27 

3.41 

4.54 

5.68 

6.82 

7.95

9; 09

10.2

1

0.114

1.25 

2.39 

3.52 

4.66 

5.79 

6.93 

8.07 

9.20 

10.3

2

a 227

1.36

2.50 

3.64 

4.77 

5.91 

7.04 

8.18 

9.32 

10.5

3

0.341 

1.48 

2.61 

3.75 

4.88 

6.02 

7.16 

8.29 

9.43 

10.6

4

0.454 

1.59 

2.73 

3.86 

5.00 

6.13 

7.27 

8.41 

9.54 

10.7

5

0.568 

1.70 

2.84 

3.98 

5.11 

6.25 

7.38 

8.52 

9.66 

10.8

6

0.682 

1.82 

2.95 

4.09 

5.23 

6.36 

7.50 

8.63 

9.77 

10.9

7

0.795 

1.93 

3.07 

4.20 

5.34 

6.48 

7.61 

8.75 

9.88 

11.0

8

0.909 

2.04 

3.18 

4.32 

5.45 

6.59 

7.72 

8.86 

10.0 

11.1

9

1.02 

2.16 

3.29 

4.43

5.57 

6.70 

7.84 

8.97 

10.1 

11.2

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23,1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet, or 13.572 inches 

deep.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.
EXPLANATION OF DATA. 9

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet. 

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for one 

day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month. 

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second. 

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second. 

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet. 

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot. 

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot. 

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet. 

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet. 

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet. 

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons. 

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.073V second-foot per year. 

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. 

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers. 

1 mile equals 5,280 feet. 

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare. 

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly. 

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers. 

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter. 

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds. 

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot. 

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second. 

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second. 

1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet. 

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

m , , , , . ,, Second-feet Xfall in feet , ,

To calculate water power quickly: ^ =net horsepower on

water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1, 1913, and ending September 30, 1914. At the 1st of January in 

most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the preceding three months is stored as ground water in the form of snow or 

ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes off 

in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end of September, 

on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is 

possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for the 

year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

within that year.
10 StJBFAOE WATEB SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

The base data collected at gaging stations consist of records of 

stage, measurements of discharge, and general information used to 

supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either from 

direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder that 

gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a current meter by the general methods outlined 

in standard text books on the measurement of river discharge. (See 

Pis. I and II.)

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied 

to the gage heights, give the discharge from which the daily, monthly, 

and yearly mean discharge is determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving results 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of 

the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the discharge relation, covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream for 

log driving, shifting of channel, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 

recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge in general gives the discharge in 

second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each 

day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal 

fluctuation the discharge obtained from the rating table and the 

mean daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the 

day. If such stations are equipped with automatic gages the true 

mean daily discharge may be obtained by weighting discharge for 

parts of the day.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not 

indicate correctly .the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than 

given in the maximum column. Likewise, in tjie column headed 

"Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when 

. the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the 

average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On 

this average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, 

which are defined on page 6, are based.
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 384 PLATE I

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATIONS.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 884 PLATE II

A. STEVENS. B. GURLEY PRINTING. 

AUTOMATIC GAGES.

C. FRIEZ.
ACCUBAOY OF FIELD DATA. 11 

ACCURACY OF FIEUD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanency of the discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.

Footnotes added to the daily discharge taBles give information 

regarding the probable accuracy of the rating tables used, and an 

accuracy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. For 

the rating tables, "well defined" indicates, in general, that the rating 

is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," within 

10 per cent; "poorly defined" or "approximate" within 15 to 25 

per cent. These notes are very general and are based on the plotting 

of the individual measurements with reference to the mean rating 

curve.

The letter in the column headed "Accuracy," in the table showing 

monthly discharge, rates the accuracy of the monthly mean'and not 

that of the estimate of maximum or minimum discharge or the discharge for any one day. The rating is determined by considering 

the accuracy of the rating curve, the probable reliability of the 

observer, the number of gage readings per day, the range of the 

fluctuation in .stage, and local conditions. In this column, A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably accurate within 5 per 

cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per cent; D, within 25 per 

cent. Special conditions are covered by footnotes.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and "Kun-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such 

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for 

stations on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is less 

than 20 inches. All figures representing "second-feet per square 

mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the 

Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent 

sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the 

flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary 

estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies 

of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that 

the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw 

new light on data previously published.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

COOPERATION.

The work in Minnesota during the year ending September 30, 1914, 

was done with State cooperation under terms of an act of the legislature of 1909 as embodied in joint resolution 19, which reads as 

follows:

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation of our rivers, drainage of our 

lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally form 

one great asset and present one great problem: Therefore be it

Resolved by the hmtse of representatives, the senate concurring, That the State Drainage Commission be, and is hereby, directed to investigate progress in other States 

toward the solution of said problem in such States, to investigate and determine the 

nature of soil problem in this State.

The work was carried on in conjunction with the State Drainage 

Commission, E. V. Willard, acting State drainage engineer.

Assistance has been rendered by the Oliver Iron Mining Co., which 

paid -the salary of the observer on Menominee River near Iron 

Mountain, Mich.

The work in Wisconsin during the year ending September 3.0, 1914, 

was done in cooperation with the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, 

C. M. Larson, chief engineer.

The gaging stations on Wolf River in the Menominee Indian Reservation were maintained in cooperation with the Office of Indian 

Affairs. ,

The gaging station on Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich., has 

been maintained in cooperation with the Geological Survey of the 

State of Michigan.

The stations on Manistee River near Shennan, Mich., and Au Sable 

River near Loveils, Mich., were maintained in cooperation with 

William G. Fargo, Jackson, Mich.

Work in the State of New York has been conducted under cooperative agreements with John A. Bensel, State engineer and surveyor, 

and since July 1, 1911, with the division of inland waters of the State 

Conservation Commission.

Observations of stage on Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., were 

made by an employee of the Niagara, Lockport & Ontario Power 

Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y.

The work in Vermont during the year ending September 30, 1914, 

was done in cooperation with the State of Vermont, Alien M. Fletcher, 

governor.

The gaging station on Dog River at Northfield, Vt., has been maintained in cooperation with Norwich University.

Observations of stage on Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., were 

made by an employee of the Newport Electric Light Co.
STEEAMS TEIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPEBIOE. 13 

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for stations in the Lake Superior drainage basin and the 

Lake Michigan drainage basin in Wisconsin were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, district 

engineer, who was assisted by S. B. Soule", G. H. Canfield, J. B. 

Stewart, H. C. Beckman, M. F. Rather, O. A. Stellar, W. C. Muehlstein, Joe Entringer, and B. J. Peterson.

For stations in the Lake Huron and the Lake Michigan drainage 

basins in Michigan and the Lake Erie basin in Ohio, data were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of A. H. 

Horton, district engineer, who was assisted by B. J. Peterson.

Data for stations in the St. Lawrence drainage basin in New York 

were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of 

C. C. Covert, district engineer. In Vermont the work was supervised 

by C. H. Pierce. The assistants in both States were O. W. Hartwell, 

G. H. Canfield, C. S. De Golyer, R. S. Barnes, W. S. Easterly, J3. D. 

Burchard, H. W. Fear, and W. A. James.

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 

POPLAR EIVEB AT LUTSEN, MINN.

Location. In sec. 34, T. 60 N., R. 3 W., about 800 feet above the mouth of river in 

the town of Lutsen.

Drainage area. 144 Bquare miles.

Records available. May 6 to November 4,1911; August 22,1912, to September 30, 

1914.

Gage. Staff bolted to rock wall on right bank about 800 feet above the mouth and 

in a pool between two distinct falls; read daily, morning and evening, to quartertenths. Gage reader, C. A. A. Nelson. From May 6 to November 4, 1911, the 

gage was located about 200 feet above mouth of river.

Discharge measurements. Made by wading.

Channel and control. Channel, solid rock; control point, crest of the falls below.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 3.75 feet, August 

11; discharge, 692 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.90 foot, January 26 

and March 23 to 29; discharge, 20 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded August 22, 1912, to September 30, 1914: 3.75 feet, 

August 11, 1914; discharge, 692 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.8 foot, 

January 4, February 8 and 18, 1913; discharge, 9 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected to a limited extent by ice.

Regulation. Flow controlled to some extent by two dams above station, the nearest 

being that of the National Paper and Pulp Co., 2J miles above mouth of river.

Accuracy. Gage so located that, except for ice at control and temporary lodging of 

drift on rapids below, records should be reliable.
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1914.

Date.

May 18

July 7

Made by 

S. B.Soule"...... ........................ ........... ..........................

J. B. Stewart........... ................................ ...................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.20

1.70

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

189

104

Daily discharge. In second-feet, of Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1914.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

10

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

33

34

32

39

280

360

325

295

265

240

310

280

215

168

150

136

118

106

QO

99

85

80

78

72

78

102

113

OQ

89

83

80

Nov.

78

73

71

67

66

70

70

66

66

66

62

60

60

58

55

50

48

48

49

55

61

71

SO

50

71

62

55

44

72

so

Dec.

OQ

97

92

72

67

66

62

60

60

58

58

54

50

CA

49

48

47

46

42

4n

39

38

36

32

27

31

^4

34

37

37

QC

Jan.

34

19

32

32

32

34

QA

30

30

29

29

27

27

27

27

27

23

23

22

22

21

99

22

21

91

20

no

25

93

22

91

Feb.

22

23

22

21

22

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

22

Mar.

22

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

22

22

Apr.

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

23

23

22

23

27

35

55

72

126

143

136

129

122

126

134

159

215

265

482

518

430

May.

360

378

482

570

570

535

535

500

430

378

360

310

265

252

228

215

215

202

190

179

190

202

202

179

190

215

202

202

448

535

465

June.

395

310

252

228

202

179

190

240

265

295

265

240

215

168

150

143

126

118

106

100

97

100

97

92

85

78

132

395

378

310

July.

228

190

168

146

124

110

100

92

85

78

87

159

179

150

130

122

118

106

97

85

83

85

85

72

62

55

53

47

44

40

40

Aug.

38

130

168

139

114

97

83

79

150

500

675

570

465

378 325

265

240

240

215

190

168

168

215

228

202

190

190

190

168

168

168

Sept.

168

168

168

146

129.

130

130

122

110

103

99

92

102

465

605

535

448

378

295

240

228

215

215

215

202

179

168

159

148

139

NOTE. Dafly discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 20 and 265 second-feet. 

Above 265 second-feet the rating curve is merely an extension. Discharge Dec. 22,1913, and Jan. 12-15, 

1914, estimated because of ice.

Monthly discharge of Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1914.

[Drainage area, 144 square miles.]

Month.

December. ..............................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

360 

89 

99

34 

23

22

518 

570 

395

228 

675 

605

675

Minimum.

32

48 

27

20 

21 

20

22 

179

78

40 

38 

92

20

Mean.

147 

63.3 

51.5

26.1 

21.2 

20.9

115 

329

198

104 

230 

217

127

Per 

square ' 

mile.

1.02 

.440 

.358

.181 

.147 

.145

.799

2.28 

1.38

.722 

1.60 

1.51

.882

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.18 

.49 

.41

.21 

.15 

.17

.89 

2.63 

1.54

.83 

1.84 

1.68

12.02

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

C. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.
STBEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 15

BEAVER BAY RIVER AT BEAVER BAY, MISTS.

Location.. Steel highway bridge at Beaver Bayr a few hundred yards above mouth 

of river. 

Drainage area. 120 square miles.

Records available. July 26,1911, to September 30, 1914, when station was discontinued.

Gage. Chain fastened to highway bridge; read daily, in the afternoon, to quartertenths; gage reader, Louis Lorntson. Prior to April 10, 1912, readings were 

taken from a vertical staff gage attached to a rock wall beneath bridge. Both 

gages set at same datum.

Discharge measurements. During low water, made by wading; during high 

water, from boat.

Channel and control. Solid rock; banks high and rocky.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 6.8 feet, April 28; 

discharge, 1,940 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.77 foot, March 30; discharge, 14 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded July 26, 1911, to September 30, 1914: 7.0 feet, April 

17, 1913; discharge, 2,020 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.3 foot, July 

30,1912; discharge, 3 second-feet.

These data are for open-water periods only; flow probably nearly zero in exceedingly cold weather; discharge of 2.1 second-feet was measured January 14, 1913.

Regulation. None.

Accuracy. At times of exceptionally high seas on Lake Superior, a bar is formed 

which causes backwater at the gage, which lasts as long as the high sea is running. 

When the lake becomes normal, the water washes through the bar and the regular 

rating curve applies.

Discharge measurements of Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

May 19 July 5

Made by 

8. B.BouM.... ...........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9 on

2 ifi

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

129

90

NOTE. Measurements made by wading.
16

Daily di

SUEPACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

',, in second-feet, of Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn., for the year 

ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Day.

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

28...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

39

40

42

350

945

765

675

-630

545

1,300

1.080

01 ft

630

465

qoc

255

160

110

82

87

' 92

82

77

77

77

160

124

82

1ft4

87

63

Nov.

84

65

61

57

74

65

61

7Q

61

117

to

io

39

w

34

Of*

"}Q

49

53

69

70

O9

84

87

79

74

65

69

84

Dec.

-too

124

110

87

77

74

«O

205

1 CA

57

Hi

45

qfi

34

^9

30

no

26

28

39

79

69

39

30

20

Mar!

16

16

15

16

17

17

17

17

16

14

16

Apr.

17

17

20

O1

18

18

di

18

20

oq

26

36

160

385

qq9

odp;

Qftft

QAK

1,040

945

945

900

675

585

765

810

855

1,940

1,710

1,480

May.

1 Qftft

1,120

1,220

I

con

1

1OA

Q4&;

855

675

Ufi

445

385

OCR

242

205

170

160

1 ru\

140

124

160

218

180

160

140

205

192

160

170

1,080

1,040

675

June.

315

230

i fift

124

104

85

765

Qftft

765

425

180

160

124

98

82

CO

55

48

44

38

36

41

31

33

36

855

1,080

765

315

July.

230

160

124

110

QO

87

75

63

44

41

37

160

300

230

170

104

72

 51

44

38

33

31

9Q

25

18

15

15

14

14

14

10

Aug.

g

19

15

1C

23

99

51

59

C7

79

QQ

KO

59

QQ

51

53

41

38

29

25

33

77

87

98

OS

110

67

132

140

110

Sept.

124

07

77

7O

67

63

10

51

qc

AQ

132

07

fi&R

675

505

385

350

230

160

«v>n

160

160

IQfl

140

104

Q9

79

79

AQ

NOTK. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well denned below 285 second-feet. Above 

285 second-feet the rating curve is only an extension. Discharge estimated, because of ice, as follows: 

Dec. 26-31, 1913, 20 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 1914, 10 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 4 second-feet; Mar. 1-20. 

6 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1914.

[Drainage area, 120 square miles.]

Mouth.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,300 

117 

205

1,940

1,580 

1,080

300 

140

855

1,940

Minimum.

39 

34

17 

124 

31

10

8 

38

Mean.

336

65.7 

57.8

10 

4 

9.58

552 

518 

271

79.2

58.9 

183

179

Per 

square 

mile.

2.80

.548 

.482

.083 

.033 

.080

4.60 

4.32 

2.26

.660 

.491 

1.52

1.49

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.23 

.61 

.56

.10 

.03 

.09

5.13 

4.98 

2.52

.76

.57 

1.70

- 20.28

Accatacy.

B. 

A. 

B.

D. 

D. 

D.

C. 

C. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 17

ST. LOUIS RIVER NEAR THOMSON, MINN,

Location. In sec. 11, T. 48 N., R. 16 W., just below tailrace of Great Northern, power

house, 3 miles east of Thomson. 

Drainage area. 3,420 square miles.

Records available. October 5,1909, to September 30,1914. 

Gage. Chain gage; read daily (except Sunday) at 8 and 11 a. m. and 2 and 5 p. m.;

average of four readings taken as mean for day. Gage reader, E. A. Giddings. 

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable 1,500 feet below gage. 

Channel and control. Rock and gravel; practically permanent. 

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 7.45 feet, June 9;

discharge, 14,400 second-feet. Minimum mean daily discharge computed during

year: January 23, 424 second-feet. 

Maximum stage recorded October 5, 1909, to September 30, 1914: 7.45 feet,

June 9, 1914; discharge, 14,400 second-feet. Minimum mean daily discharge

computed: 171 second-feet, February 19, 1912. 

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice during January, February, and

March; estimates based on quantity of water passing through turbines of Great

Northern Power Co. 

Regulation. Flow at station regulated to a certain extent by reservoirs above.

The dam at Thomson is designed to hold 24 hours' supply of water for the power

plant, and logging dams control the discharge from a large part of the area above

the station. Gage heights show considerable fluctuation caused by the operation

of the turbine gates at the power plant, which is operated on a 24-hour schedule

though with varying load. 

Accuracy. Open-water estimates subject to errors due to fluctuation in stage caused

by operation of power plant. Daily range in stage is. not great, however, and* it

is believed that errors will compensate for a mopth so that the monthly averages

should be accurate within 10 per cent. Accuracy of records furnished by power

company not known. 

Cooperation. Gage heights throughout year, and records of flow when ice affects

the discharge relation furnished through courtesy of Great Northern Power Co.,

Duluth.

The following discharge measurement was made by S. B. Soule": 

May 9,1914: Gage height, 6.13 feet; discharge, 10,700 second-feet.

24017° WSP 384 16 2
18 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn,.for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1914-

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

Ort

91

22

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,720

I

EAfi

1,610

1,500

3 nan

4,260

5,470

5,910

7 080

7 ABA

7,590 7 ASA

6,370

6,600

S ftQft

5,260

5,260

4

QCA

3 Sftfl

3 OOA

2

AOA

2

O4f\

2 ROA

9 4&n

2,620

2,620

O AOA

2 4RA

2 4RA

1,830

Nov.

1,830

1 QW

2,200

2,340

2,200

2,070

1

QCA

2,070

1 ft3A

1 72ft

I

QQfk

1,610

1,500

1 440

I

con

1,500

1 Wt

1 340

1*610

1

QQA

1

AAf\

1,390 1 &3n

I

OQn

1

QOA.

1,610

1,830

1,610

1,720

1

mw\

Dec.

1,720

1,720

1,830

1,720 i ssn

1,610

1,610

1,090

1 flQfl

1,090

1 UA

1,230 i ym

1 140

I

rtQfl

1,090

955

OOA

ITQ/\

530

670

705

670

530

530

EAfi

550

(Wl

670

670

Jan.

609

545

522

493

501

516

511

COK

522

515

455

452ft

^70

AA9

44S

CAQ

R1T

K.OA

AQQ

487

460

J.97

424

448

511

499

503

4Q4

AQQ

479

538

Feb.

539

508

509

503

485

537

521

CAQ

529

552

531

525

525

526

147

494 e-io

E/WJ

630

555

550

ceo

fnf

520

47Q

529

537

eon

Mar.

584

570

602

593

580

567

555

627

606

575

574

568

578

RQQ

AQ1

726

718

7*>

675

coo

550

556

C9£

RT1

eio

523

519

496

455

551

Apr.

579

763

787

706

717

711

724

691

628

617

563

627

653

780

868

1,130

1 34A

1,780

2,150

0 OCA

2,450

2

QAf\

3,520

3 iifin

3 <an

3,810

3,690

5,220

9,270

9 

' 540

May.

10,400

11,600

12,000

12,700

12,600

12,200

11,700

11,300

9,920

8,590

8,570

8,330

7,220

7,210

6,360

5 240

A AA(\

3,880

4,060

3 Sftfl

4,060

4 060 '4*840

4

ocn

5,690

4,250

3,380

3 ssn

6,840

10 400

10^300

June.

10,200

10,700

9,410

8,890

7,850

6,600

6,840

8,630

14,000

14,000

12,900

11,500

10,300

9,070

7,850

7,080

5,910

4 sun

4,440

3,880

3,710

3,540

3,540

3,540

3 >U/1

3,220

3,540

6,970

10,400

9,670

July.

9,100

8,540

7,970

7,410

6,840

5,910

5,690

4 S4n

4,250

3,880

3,540

5,470

8,110

10,200

9,410

9,410

8,110

7,080

6,380

5,690

4 640

4,060

3,540

3,220

2 Qln

2,630

2,350

2,070

1,950

1 950

1^830

Aug.

1,390

1,360

1,340

1,340

1,180

1,180

1,040

1,090

1,130

1,180

1,000

1,000

955

1,000

1 14O

1,380

1,610

1,280

1,280

1,390

1,610

1,610

1,780

1,950

it <un

3,060

2,910

2,910

2,720

2,530

2,340

Sept.

2,480

2,620

2,620

2,910

2,910

NOTE. Daily discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve well denned between 

530 and 10,400 second-feet. Daily discharge Jan. 1 to May 16 obtained from records of flow through the turbines,f urnlshed by the Great Northern Power Co. Daily discharge when the gage was not read, estimated 

for the following days: Oct. 6, Dec. 9 and 28,1913; May 31, June 13,14,21, and 28, July 1-4,19,26, and 27, 

Aug. 2,8,9,16,23,29, and 30,1914.

Monthly discharge of St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1914.

[Drainage area, 3,420 square miles.]

Month.

November. ..................................

March................ .

April........................................

May ......

July.........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,590 

2,340 

1,830

609

568 

726

9,540 

12,700 

14,000

10,200 

3,060

Minimum.

1,500 

1,340 

500

424 

479 

435

563 

3,880 

3,220

1,830 

955

Mean.

3,940 

1,750 

1,040

496 

526

585

2,220 

7,550 

7,550

5,450 

1,610

Per square 

mile.

1.15 

.512 

.304

.145 

.154 

.171

.649 

2.21 

2.21

1.59 

.471

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.33 

.57 

.35

.17 

.16 

.20

.72 

2.55 

2.47

1.83 

.54
STREAMS TBIBUTAEY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 19

WHITEFACE RIVEK BELOW MEADOWLANDS, MINN.

Location. About 2J miles below Meadowlands, half a mile below the beginning of

decided rapids, and about 10 miles above confluence of Whiteface and St. Louis

rivers.

Drainage area. 446 square miles. 

Records available. April 28,1912, to September 30,1914. Records June 7, 1909,

to November 9, 1912, collected at station at Meadowlands about 2J miles

upstream. 

Gage. Chain gage attached to a horizontal timber fastened to two trees on left bank

of river near the residence of A. A. Jochim; read daily, morning and evening, to

quarter-tenths. Gage reader, A. A. Jochim. 

Discharge measurements. Made by wading or from Dulutn, Missabe & Northern

Railway bridge about 5,000 feet above gage.

Channel and control. Heavy gravel and rock; probably permanent. 

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice. Observations discontinued. 

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 6.82 feet at 7.10

a. m., April 29; discharge, 2,540 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.7 feet

at 5 p. m., April 11; discharge, 39 second-feet. 

Maximum discharge computed June 7, 1909, to September 30, 1914: 3,400

second-feet, August 11, 1909. Minimum discharge computed: 30 second-feet,

July 6-10,1909. 

These data are for open-water periods only; minimum probably much lower

during exceedingly cold weather. 

Regulation. Flow controlled to a large extent by logging dams. The operation of

these gates causes fluctuations of several feet in gage heights. Few logs below

station and backwater is seldom present. 

Accuracy. Estimates good except for periods when ice is present.

Discharge measurements of Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

May 7

July 3

Made by 

S.B.Soul<§.............

J.B.Stewart.... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.10

4.75

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

1,970

1,080

Date.

Aug. 17

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

104
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1...........................

2...........................

3.. ..........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30

O1

Oct.

266

266

266

431

816

1,120

1,250

1,320

1 250

1,320

1,530

1,390

1,250

1,180

1,050

872

763

662

565 C-IQ

<M1

390

390

352

334

371

4^1

390

352

371

4^1

Nov.

474

vw

316

282

9AA

oco

ooo

9fifi

220

282

390

316

9fifi

250

235

167

167

167

1Q9

282

206

250

206

167

206

250

220

192

206

220

Dec.

220

220

235

235

220

206

192

Apr.

39

42

59

59

72

81

67

76

126

192

250

712

763

712

1,120

712

932

816

2,440

2,280

May.

2,440

2,120

2,360

2,360

2,360

1,820

1,820

1,600

1,320

1,050

1,180

763

1,250

1,050

763

662

816

763

192

266

316

316 474-

613

519

250

712

474

1,050

1,460

1,600

June.

1,750

1,680

1,750

1,460

872

662

613

1,600

2,360

2,200

1,900

1,750

1,530

1,250

932

712

565

474

431

431

352

371

334

352

316

299

613

1,120

1,250

1,250

July.

1,680

1,320

1,050

932

712

613

613

519

474

390

371

1,680

2,050

1,900

1,600

1,460

1,250

1,050

565

474

519

474

352

299

266

235

156

167

167

156

145

Aug.

126

118

104

92

81

81

76

72

76

86

86

86

86

81

81

104

126

145

220

282

250

220

250

565

1,050

613

474

390

352

334

352

Sept.

390

519

519

519

474

431

431

390

334

334

282

316

316

390

565

662

712

763

712

613

519

474

431

371

316

299

299

266

282

299

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge Dec. 9^31,1913, estimated at 200 second-feet by comparison with records for St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn.

Monthly discharge of Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1914.

[Drainage area, 446 square miles.]

Month.

December. ..............................

April 11-30.......... ....................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,630 

474

2,440 

2,440 

 2,360

2,050 

1,050 

763

Minimum.

266 

167

39

192 

299

145 

72 

266

Mean.

720 

252 

204

578 

1,120 

1,040

763 

228 

441

Per 

square 

mile.

1.61

.565 

.457

1.30 

2.51 

2.33

1.71 

.511

.989

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.86

.63 

.53

.97 

2.89 

2.60

1.97 

.59 

1.10

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

OLOQUET RIVER AT INDEPENDENCE, MINN.

Location. In Bee. 26, T. 52 N., R. 17 W., at the Mghway bridge at Independence 

post office, just below a small tributary entering from the north.

Drainage area. 698 square miles.

Records available. June 28,1909, to September 30,1914.

Gage. Vertical staff5 read three times daily to quarter-tenths. Gage reader, Herbert Haakensen.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 21

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Channel and control. Heavy gravel and rock; practically permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 8.95 feet at noon, 

June 2; discharge, 3,620 second-feet. Minimum discharge probably below 10 

second-feet January 1 to 11,1914, as Great Northern Power Co. reported no flow 

from Fish Lake and Island Lake reservoirs during that period.

Maximum mean daily discharge computed June 28, 1909, to September 30, 

1914: 6,010 second-feet, June 1,1911.

Winter flo-w. Discharge relation affected by ice.

Regulation. River used extensively for log driving; run-off from greater part of 

drainage area above Independence controlled by logging dams.

Accuracy. Open-water records approximate; operation of logging dams causes violent diurnal fluctuations in the gage height amounting at times to several feet; 

mean daily gage height derived from three readings, taken morning, noon, and 

night, only approximate. Discharge relation also somewhat affected by backwater from logs lodged in the channel throughout the open-water period.

Cooperation. Records of flow from the logging reservoirs were furnished by Great 

Northern Power Co., Duluth, January 1 to March 14,1914.

Discharge measurements of Cloguet River at Independence, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1914.

Date.

May 6

July 3

Made by Gage

height.

Feet.

7.88

7.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

a2,870

2,090

Date.

Aug. 18

Made by Gage

height.

Feet. 

5.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft, 

508

o Few logs lodged in channel.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1914.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4. ..........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10........................... 

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

165

179

193

240

330

505

1,600

900

2,390

2,390 

2,250

2,250

2,250

2,110

1,720

1,850

1,720

1,850

755

720

620

620

620

685

755

790

825

685

560

410

410

Nov.

410

505

560

560

455

410

350

480

1,080

1,370 

390

165

165

165

165

193

193

193

208

224

292

292

330

330

330

257

224

224

292

292

Dec.

311

208

140

370

330

292

292

274

390

. 505 

410

505

620

505

505

455

410

330

330

311

Apr.

........

208

208

208

224

311

208

193

208

224

208

208

224

257

370

790

620

May.

1,640

2,080

2,650

2,760

2,880

2,880

2,760

2,760

2,300

1,960

2,540

2,080

1,860

2,760

2,540

1,160

. 410

410

900

1,060

1,240

1,860

2,190

2,670

1,180

532

390

1,260

2,000

2,770

2,770

June.

3,270

3,570

3,470

2,770

2,380

1,620

1,620

1,800

1,800

2,180 

2,180

2,180

, 2,000

2,090

2,180

2,090

2,180

1,800

1,100

875

772

675

675

675

772

1,020

1,020

1,100

1,350

1,530

July.

1,530

2,090

2,090

2,000

1,900

1,350

1,260

805

645

455

505

1,350

1,530

1,900

1,800

1,440

1,020

1,020

1,100

1,020

875

805

675

560

560

505

505

455

330

330

330

Aug.

330

292

292

274

274

257

240

240

240

257 

274

311

410

455

505

560

505

505

455

455

588

675

708

708

645

560

615

675

740

708

740

Sept.

740

740

740

740

772

772

772

805

805

805 

708

615

615

740

805

1,020

1,020

1,180

1,180

1,260

1,260

1,020

1,020

1,020

708

708

675

675

675

675

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from poorly defined rating curves; discharge relation affected by 

backwater from logs Apr. 15 to Sept. 30,1914; discharge estimated, because of ice, as follows: Dec. 21-31. 

300 second-feet; Jan. 1-31,85 second-feet; Feb. 1-28,220 second-feet; Mar. 1-14,270 second-feet. No record 

Mar. 15 to Apr. 14.
22- STJRFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn.,for (he year ending Sept.

1914. 

[Drainage area, 698 square miles.)

Month.

March 1-14.. ............................

April 15-30... ....... ....................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,390 

1,370

790 

2,880 

3,570

2,090 

740 

1,260

Minimum.

165 

165 

140

193

390 

675

330 

240 

615

Mean.

1.080 

370 

348

85 

220 

270

292 

1,910 

1,760

1,060 

468 

842

Per 

square 

mile.

1.55 

.530 

.499

.122 

.315

.387

.418 

2.74 

2.52

1.52 

.67a 

1.21

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.79 

.59

.58

.14

.33 

.20

.25 

3.16 

2.81

1.75

.77 

1.35

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B.

C.

C. 

C.

C. 

C. 

C.

NOTE. Mean monthly discharge Dec. 21,1913, to Mar. 14,1914, estimated from discharge at outlet of 

Fish Lake Reservoir on Cloquet River in sec. 15, T. 52 N», R. 15 W., and from the flow from Island Lake 

Reservoir on Beaver River in sec. 29, T. 52 N., R. 15 W., plus 10 second-feet; no record Mar. 15 to Apr. 14.

AMINICON RIVER NEAR AMINIOON FALLS, WIS.

.Location. At highway bridge about three-fourths of a mile east of Aminicon Falls, 

500 feet above Northern Pacific Railway bridge, and 7 miles above mouth of river.

Drainage area. 102 equare miles.

Records available. March 17 to September 30,1914.

Gage. Chain gage fastened to upstream side of highway bridge; read once daily to 

half-tenths. Gage reader, F. J. St. Onge.

Discharge measurements. Made from highway bridge or at low stages by wading.

Channel and control. Heavy gravel and small rock; probably permanent.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; flow determined from discharge 

measurements made through the ice.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded March 17 to September 30,1914: 

3.1 feet at 7.30 a. m., April 29; discharge, 583 second-feet. Minimum stage 

recorded: 0.7 foot, August 6 to 8; discharge, 15 second-feet.

These data are for open-water period only. Minimum discharge measured 

during extremely cold weather: 6.6 second-feet by current-meter February 19, 

but flow is probably less at times.

Accuracy. Records good. Estimates of daily and monthly discharge above 264 

second-feet differ from those published in the Report to the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin because of a revision of the rating curve based upon discharge measurements obtained after the publication of that report.

Discharge measurements of Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

Feb. 19

Mar. 17

Apr. 11

June 4

Made by 

M.F. Rather..........

.....do.................

height.

 Feet. 

0.80

1.96

1.36

1.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. "6.6

654.4

64.6

157

Date.

6

10

Made by 

M.F. Rather... .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.20

.70

.70

2.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.> 

295

15

16

299

Measurement made through complete ice cover. 6 Measurement made through partial ice cover.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 23

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis., for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

9..........

10..........

11.'.........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Apr.

136

May.

422

422

454

422

422

422

390

358

358

264

233

91 Q

205

157

146

June.

233

180 isn

168

192

205

422

ows

486

358

295

233

205

157

July.

390

422

326

326

295

233

205

168

136

116

116

470

486

295

Aug.

23

23

23

23

19

15

15

15

19

oen

264

233

233

205

Sept.

on

98

QR

Qft

90

82

82

74

60

82

74

74

67

an

on

Day.

16..........

17..........

1ft

19..........

20..........

21..........

QO

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

97

28..........

OQ

30..........

31..........

Apr.

«136

136

136

136

358

326

A&&

486

486

11 s

486

486

550

583

486

May.

136

126

116

98

90

90

St9

82

82

82

90

90

90

422

454

390

June.

136

136

116

116

116

126

136

116

157

157

233

454

422

358

358

July.

233

180

14ft

136

126

116

on

82

67

54

42

37

37

32

32

28

Aug.

180

157

136

116

116

98

Qft

107

126

116

107

98

98si

98

98

Sept.

98

107

OR

^98

90

82

90

82

82

74

74

67

60

48

42

«Interpolated.

NOTE . Daily dischargedetermined from a rating curve fairly well defined between 15 and 550second-feet. 

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and 

climatic records as follows: Mar. 17-31,55 second-feet; Apr. 1-14,60 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1914.

, [Drainage area, 102 square miles.]

Month.

March 17-31.................... .........

April...................................

Tifav

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

583

454 

486 

486 

280 

107

Minimum.

82 

116 

28 

15 

42

Mean.

55 

226 

239 

231 

183 

110 

81

Per 

square 

mile.

0.539 

2.22 

2.34 

2.26 

1.79 

1.08 

.794

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.30 

2.48 

2.70 

2.52 

2.06 

1.24 

.89

Accuracy.

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

BRULE RIVER NEAR BRULE, WIS.

Location. At the Brule Outing Club, about 4J miles downstream from Brule, and

9 miles above mouth of river. 

Drainage area. 162 square miles. 

Records available. March 19 to September 30,1914. 

Gage. Staff; low-water section 0 to 7.9 feet, fastened to downstream side of Brule

Outing Club boat landing; high-water section 8 to 9.9 feet, fastened to tree

on shore end of landing; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths.

Limits of use: Hundredths below 3 feet, half-tenths between 3 and 4, and

tenths above 4 feet. 

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat held in place by a wire across the

river below gage; at low stages, made by wading. 

Channel and control. Gravel; probably permanent. 

Extremes of stage. Maximum stage recorded March 19 to September 30, 1914:

4.45 feet at 7 a. m., April 29. Minimum stage recorded: 2.75 feet at 7 a. m.,

March 20.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; discharge determined from measurements made through the ice. 

Regulation. None except by natural storage in lakes Minnesuing and Nebagamin.

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Brule River near Brule, Wis., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1914.

Date.

Feb. 20

Mar. 18

Apr. 13

June 10

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

(a)

Q n*

3 1Q

3.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 6148

C182

OQQ

4249

Date.

8

Made by 

.. ...do.. ...............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.30

2.90

2.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4250

rf!45

<*147

« Gage not installed when the measurement was taken.

6 Complete ice cover below gage.

« Measurement made from boat; no ice present.

d Made by wading.

Daily gage height, infect, of Brule River near Brule, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1914.

[H. A. Wilcox, observer.]

Day.

1. ................................ ........

2............................................

3................................. ..:.... ^................ ............................

6............................................

7.. ..........................................

8............................................

9...................... . ......

10............................................

11. ................................ ......

12..................... ..

13............................................

14................................. ..........

15............................................

16......:.....................................

17............................................

18............................................

19................................. ........

20............................................

21............................................

22......................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27................................. . ........

28. ............................................

29............................................

30............................................

31............................................

Mar.

2.96

2

QK

2.91

2.90

2.90

2.92

3-2.

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.96

3.5

Apr.

3.3

3.2

3.15

3.05

3.1

3.05

3.1

3.05

3.0

3.05

3.05

3.3

3.25

3.3

3.35

3.35

3.46

4.0

3.65

4.0

4.0

3.9

3

0

4.2

4.0

3.9

4.2

4.4

4.2

May.

4.0

3.9

3.9

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.85

3.75

3.7

3.6

3.55

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.35

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.9

3.6

3.5

June.

3.45

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.2

4.4

4.6

4.1

3.8

July.

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.2

8.15

3.1

3.05

3.05

3.0

3.1

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.98

2.96

2.95

2.95

Aug.

2.95

2.91

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.95

3.1

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.45

3.25

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.05

3.15

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.05

3.05

Sept.

3.15

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.05

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.1

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

NOTE. Discharge relation probably not Materially affected by ice.

BAD RIVER NEAR ODANAH, WIS.

Location. About 8 miles upstream from Odanah, 12 miles above mouth. Potato

River enters from the right about 8 miles above station. 

Drainage area. 607 square miles. 

Records available. July 31 to September 30, 1914.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 25

Gage. Gurley water-stage recorder on left bank.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable aboutrTOO feet upstream from gage.

Channel and control. Channel sandy; control, a rock outcrop about 200 feet below

the gage; logs may possibly hang on ledge and cause backwater at gage. 

Extremes of stage. Maximum stage recorded July 31 to September 30, 1914:

2.61 feet at 5.15 a. m., September 26. Minimum stage recorded: 1.02 feet at

9.45 a. m., August 2.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice. 

Regulation. A number of small reservoirs are operated as an aid to log driving in

the early spring and summer, during which time the stage fluctuates rapidly and

flow is not normal. 

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with the United States Indian

Service.

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Bad River near Odanah, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1914.

Date.

Feb. 29

Aug. 1

28

Made by 

W/G.Hoyt.... ..........................................................

height.

Feet.

1.04

1.26

Discharge.

Sec.-feet.

b 189

c305

o Measurement made under complete ice cover a short distance below cable site.

6 Measurement made from cable; velocity rather low.

e Measurement made by wading about 1 mile below cable.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Bad River near Odanah, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1914.

Day.

1.. .......... 

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............ 

7............ 

8............ 

9............ 

10............

July.

......

......

Aug.

1.06 

1.04

Sept.

1.26 

1.71 

2.00

2.03

1.90

1.70 

1.62 

1.48 

1.67 

1.33

Day.

11............ 

12............ 

13............

14............

15............

16............ 

17............ 

18............

19............ 

20............

July. Aug.

1.84 

1.66

Sept.

1.34

1.40 

1.36

1.39

1.41

1.76 

1.58 

1.67 

1.61

1.56

Day.

21............ 

22............ 

23............

24............

25............

26............ 

27............ 

28............ 

29............ 

^n

31...........?

July.

......

1.08

Aug.

'i.~:i4~

1.39

1.54

1.76

1.44

1.35 

1.30 

1.26 

1.20

1.20

Sept.

1.45 

1.57 

1.93

1.96

1.83

1.98 

1.62 

1.54 

1.44 

1.38

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 

ESCANABA RIVER NEAR ESOANABA, MICH.

Location. At quarter-section corner between sees. 24 and 25, T. 40 N., R. 23 W.,

at highway bridge between Escanaba and Gladstone, about 9 miles north of

Escanaba and 4 miles above mouth of river. 

Drainage area. 800 square miles. 

Records available. August 25,1903, to March 31,1909; June 1,1909, to September

30,1914. Discharge measurements only, April, May, and July, 1903. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, to tenths. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Channel and control. Probably permanent. 

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 7.4 feet at 7 a. m.,

April 30. Minimum stage recorded: 2.1 feet, June 14 to 20.
26 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice, which sometimes remains for nearly 

four months.

Accuracy. Discharge relation during logging season may be affected by backwater 

from log jams. The station has not been visited since July 16, 1908, and gage 

heights as given in the following table may therefore be in error due to elongation 

of the gage chain or due to changes in the position of the gage.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year ending 

September 30,1914.

Daily gage hdght, in feet, of Bscanaba River near Escanaba, Midi., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1914.

[Regis Beauchamp, observer.]

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3.............. 

4..............

5..............

6.............. 

7..............

10.............. 

ll!.. ...........

12.............. 

13.............. 

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

is

19.............. 

20..............

21.............. 

22..............

23. ...... .......

24..............

25..............

26.............. 

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

9 ft

2.7

2.9 

3.0

3.0

3.1 

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2 

3.3

3.3 

3.5 

3.6

3.3 

3.3

2.9 

2.9

2.8 

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6 

2.9 

3.0

3.3

3.2 

3.0

Nov.

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8 

3.0

3.0 

2.9

2.8

2.8 

2.7

2.7 

2.8

2.8 

3.0

3.2 

3.4 

3.5

3.7

3.7

3.5 

3.4 

3.1

3.0

3.0

Dec.

3.0

3.1

3.1 

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7 

20

2.9 

2.4 

2.4

2.3 

2.3

2.4 

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5 

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.6

2.7 

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.5

Jan.

2.7

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.8 

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.9 

20

2.8 

2.8 

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.8 

2.8

2.9

2.9 

3.1

Feb.

2.9

~""2.~9~

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.9 ""s.T

3.2

""3*3"

......

Mar.

3.3

"'3.2'

""s.T

3.4

3 A

""s.T

3.4 ""s.T

3.4

""s.T

3.6

Apr.

3.6

3.8

3.8 

3.8

3.8

3.8 

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.3 

3.3

3.3 

3.3 

3.6

3.6 

3.8

4.0 

4.0

4.8 

4.9

4.9

4.9 

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.6 

4.8 

5.0

7.2

7.4

May.

7.0

6.8

6.6 

6.2

4.8

4.~8 

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.2 

4.0

3.8 

3.6 

3.5

3.4 

3.4

3.3 

3.2

3.1 

3.1

2.9 

2.9 

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0 

3.0 

3.0

2.9

2.6 

2.6

June.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3 

2.3

2.2 

2.2 

2.1

2.1 

2.1

2.1 

2.1

2.1 

2.1

2.2 

2.3 

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3 

3.0 

3.4

3.9

4.0

July.

4.0

3.9

3.6 

3.4

3.4

3.3 

3.3

3.3

3.0

2.8 

2.5

3.5 

4.3

4.1

3.8 

3.3

3.3 

3.0

2.8 

2.6

2.6 

2.7 

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.8 

3.9 

4.1

4.1

3.9

3.4

Aug.

3.3

2.9

2.8 

2.7

2.6

2.6 

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4 

2.4

2.3 

2.3 

2.3

2.4 

2.4

2.4 

2.4

2.4 

2.4

2.4 

2.4 

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.6 

2.5

Sept.

2.4

2.5

2.7 

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.5 

2.5

2.7 

2.7 

2.8

2.9 

3.0

3.0 

2.9

2.8 

2.7

2.6 

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4 

2.3 

2.3

2.3

2.2

NOTE. Discharge relation probably affected by ice Dee. 26,1913, to Mar. 31,1914.

MENOMINEE EIVEE NEAE IEON MOUNTAIN, MIOH.

Location. At the Homestead highway bridge, 3J miles south of Iron Mountain.

Drainage area. 2,420 square miles.

Records available. September 4,1902, to March 31, 1909; June 5,1909, to July 31, 

1914, when station was discontinued because reliable observer was not available.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to the bridge; read daily, morning and evening, 

to tenths. Gage reader, A. J. St. Arnauld.

Discharge measurements. Made from highway bridge.

Channel and control. Practically permanent.

Winter flow. Prior to 1914 few discharge measurements had been made at Iron 

Mountain when ice was present. Information obtained from people well 

acquainted with conditions in the vicinity of gage led to the assumption that discharge relation was not affected by ice; measurements made during 1914 show, 

however, that this assumption was incorrect.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 27

Extremes of discharge. Maximum open-water stage recorded October 1,1913, to 

July 31,1914: 12.3 feet at 10 a. m., May 2; discharge, 11,600 second-feet. Minimum open-water stage recorded: 1.6 feet at 9.45 a. m., October 8 and at 9.45 a. m., 

November 5; discharge, 1,180 second-feet. Minimum discharge measured when 

stream was ice-covered, 949 second-feet, February 23.

Maximum computed discharge 1902-1914: 15,100 second-feet, April 21, 1906. 

Minimum discharge computed for open-water period, 1902-1914: 860 second-feet, 

July 8 and 20-23,1910.

Regulation. No storage reservoirs above station. Gage heights, however, show 

slight diurnal fluctuations due to operation of the Peninsular Power Co.'s plant 

above. The plant is run continuously but the load varies somewhat throughout 

the day.

Accuracy. As ice will affect discharge relation, winter records previous to December 

1,1913, should be used with caution.

Discharge measurements of Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mick., during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Date.

Oct. 2

3

Jan. 19

Feb. 23

Made by 

S.B. Soul<5.............

.....do..................

G.H.Canfield.. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.17

2.76

1.95

1.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,200

1,960

ol,390

6949

Date.

Mar. 24

Apr. 14

May 4

Made by 

M.F. Rather...........

G.H.Canfield.. .......

hSS

Feet.

1 CQ

2.05

11.31

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. «1, 130

1 440

10^400

a Ice along shores.

& Nearly complete ice cover.

c Original notes lost; data as given from unchecked computations.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mieh.,for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1914-

Day.

1............................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

in

31............................................

Oct.

1,690

1,970

2,120

1,970

2,510

2,510

3,080

1,180

1,350

2,590

2,590

2,910

2,910

2,910

2,910

2,750

1,550

1,690

1,690

1,970

1,,970

1,830

1,830

1,970

1,970

3.590

3,590

3,420

3,420

3,420

3.420

Nov.

2,910

2,910

2,430

1.970

1,180

1,350

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,290

1,420

1,620

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,830

1,830

2,040

2,040

2,040

2,040

2,120

2,120

3,590

3,590

3,590

3,420

3,420

3,420

Dec.

2,590

2,750

2,270

2,120

2,040

1,690

2,120

1,690

l'350

2,120

2,120

2,120

2,120

1,970

1,970

2,120

2,120

2,120

2,120

2,120

2,120

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1.690

Apr.

1,970

1,690

2,120

2,270

2,120

1,830

1,690

1,620

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,480

1,480

1,480

1 480

1,480

1,690

1,690

1,690

2,120

2,120

2,590

3,000

4,660

5,940

6,040

6,790

6,790

9,160

8,930

May.

11,000

11,600

11,000

11,000

10,900

10,300

9,040

8,010

7,120

6,040

6,040

4,300

4,390

5,040

5,840

6,040

6,460

7,670

4,300

4,120

5,240

5,740

5,340

5,540

4,120

4,300

5,740

5,540

5,040

6,240

6,140

June.

4,120

4,120

4,480

3.940

4,750

4,840

4,750

4,120

4,660

3,160

4,750

3,940

3,850

4,120

5,040

5,840

6,790

6,040

3,850

3,940

4,390

4,570

4,390

4,750

4,120

4,030

3,420

3,590

3,160

3,940

July.

3,000

3,250

3,080

3,420

3,300

3,250

3,000

3,500

3,420

3,000

3,940

4 ASin

5,040

4,840

4 <un

5,440

3,500

3,160

3,420

2,670

2,590

2,910

4,120

3,160

2,270

3,250

3,080

3,420

4,750

4,660

4,840

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well-defined between 1,290 and 11,300 second-feet. 

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from records of flow at the Twin Falls hydroelectric plant furnished 

by D. W. Mead, consulting engineer, Madison, Wis., as follows: Jan. 1-10, 1,230 second-feet; Jan. 11-20, 

1,020 second-feet; Jan. 21-31, 1,140 second-feet; Feb. 1-10, 1,040 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 874 second-feet; 

Feb. 21-28, 890 second-feet; Mar. 1-10, 782 second-feet; Mar. 11-20, 875 second-feet; and Mar. 21-31, 886 

second-feet.
28 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PAET W.

Monthly discharge of Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Midi., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1914.

[Drainage area, 2,420 square miles.]

Month.

November ...............................

January. ................................

February ................................

March. ..................................

April....................................

May.....................................

June ....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,590 

3,590 

2,750

9,160 

11,600 

6,790 

5,440

Minimum.

1,180 

1,180 

1,350

1,420 

4,120 

3,160

2,270

Mean.

2,430 

2,170 

1,960

1,130

938 

849

3,010

6,750 

4,380 

3,640

Per 

square 

mile.

1.00

.897 

.810

.467 

.388 

.351

1.24

2.79 

1.81 

1.50

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.15 

1.00 

.93

.54 

.40 

.40

1.38 

3.22

2.02 

1.73

Accuracy.

'A. 

B. 

B.

C. 

C. 

C.

B. 

A. 

A. 

B.

MENOMINEE EIVEE AT KOSS, MICH.1

Location. On Wisconsin & Michigan Railroad bridge near Koss, about 4 miles above 

dam of Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co., about 12 miles below junction with Wausaukee River, which enters from the right, and about 26 miles above 

mouth of the Menominee.

Drainage area. 3,780 square miles.

Records available. June 21,1907, to March 31, 1909; January 27 to June 30, 1914, 

when station was discontinued.

Gage. Chain fastened to upstream side of bridge. Zero of gage used January 27 to 

June 30,1914, is 5 feet above datum previously used.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Channel and control. Rock and heavy gravel; permanent..

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded January 27 to June 30, 1914: 

9.6 feet 2 at 8 a. m., May 3. Minimum stage recorded for this period: 1.50 feet 

at 4 p. m., June 23.

Maximum discharge June 21 to December 21, 1907, and April 14 to December 

29, 1908: 14,600 second-feet May 1, 1908. Minimum discharge for this period: 

688 second-feet August 16 and September 1,1908.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; flow determined from discharge 

measurements made through the ice.

Regulation. Considerable fluctuation at gage caused by operation of power plants 

above.

Accuracy. Discharge relation apparently affected at times by backwater from the 

dam 3 miles below gage and by operation of power plants above; estimates of discharge for 1914 therefore not published. Gage heights June 21,1907, to March 31, 

1909, not affected by the dam below.

1 See also Menominee River below Koss, Mich.

2 Gage height probably affected by backwater from dam 4 miles below.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 29

Discharge measurements of Menominee River at Koss, Mich., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1914.

Date.

Jan. 28

Feb. 19

Mar. 27

Apr. 17

Made by 

O. A. Steller. ..........

M. F. Rather...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.32;

3.22

3.15

3.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

ol,780

ol,450

ol,610

2,870

Date.

Mat? K_c

18

19

Made by 

.....do..................

H.C. Becktnan........

.....do..................

height.

Feet.

1 O*J

6.36

4.04

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

15,100

10,500

4,520

4,400

o Measurement made under complete ice cover.

NOTE. Discharge measurements made during 1914 check very closely the computations of discharge 

made by the Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Menominee River at Koss, Mich., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1914.

[J. F. Bronoel, observer.]

Day.

1.. ........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Jan.

......

......

......

Feb.

3.3

3.1

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.0

3 A

3.1

Mar.

3.2

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3

9

3

*>

3

9

3.2

3.5

3

O

3.5

Apr.

4.2

4.2

4.5

4.2

4.3

3.8

3.4

3.4

3 A

9 QQ

2 65

O 7K

2.6

2.9

*> 7

May.

8.9

9.5

9.5

9.0

8.3

7.7

7.1

6,7

6.4

6.1

5.4

5.4

f{ 9.

5.0

4.8

June.

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.4

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.2

3

0

3.1

3

9

1 OS

3.3

1 71

3.1

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19...........

20...........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

97

28..........

9Q

30

31..........

Jan.

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.2

3.4

Feb.

3.1

3.0

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3 9

3.2

3 9

3.2

3.3

Mar.

3.5

3.4

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.2

3 1

3

0

3

O

3.1

3.2

3

0

3.4

4.0

Apr.

3.0

3.4

3.9

4.3

4.8

5.3

5.8

5.9

5.7

5,7

5.6

6.0

6.1

6.7

7.8

May.

4.4

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

4.0

3.2

3.7

4 1

4 1

3.8

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.6

June.

2.75

1.65

3.2

2.8

2.05

3.2

2.9

1.60

3.1

4 1

4 1

4.1

4.4

5.0

5.8

NOTE. See "Gage" and "Accuracy" in station description.

MENOMINEE RIVER BELOW KOSS, MICH.1

Location. At Grand Rapids, about 4 miles below Koss and 3 miles west of Ingalls, 

Mich. Little Cedar River, which drains an area wholly in Michigan, enters from 

the left about half a mile below.

Drainage area. 3,790 square miles.

Records available. July 1,1913, to September 30,1914.

Discharge. Computed by the Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co. of

. Menominee, Mich., from the kilowatt output of the generators plus the waste

over the dam and gates, considered as a weir. No account is taken of the water

through the exciter turbine or waste water over the "trash gate" at the power

house.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum mean daily discharge computed during year: 

20,800 second-feet, May 3. Minimum mean daily discharge computed: 1,000 

second-feet, June 14. These estimates represent also the maximum and minimum 

July 1,1913, to September 30,1914, period covered by available records.

1 See also Menominee River at Koss, Mich.
30 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Accuracy. No measurements have been made by the survey engineers at this plant, 

but measurements made at Koss (p. 28) in the year ending September 30,1914, 

check closely the computations of the power company.

Cooperation. Estimates of daily discharge furnished by Edward Daniell, general 

manager, Menominee & Marinette Light & Traction Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Menominee River below Koss, Mich,, for the years 

. ending Sept. 30,1913-14-

Day.

1913. 

1. . 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5.

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10.

July.

4,200 

4,800 

3,600 

3.300 

3,300

4.100 

4,600 

4,700 

4,600 

4,100

Day.

1913-14.

1 ....

2......

4......

5......

6......

7......

8

9... ..........

10......

!! ....

12......

13......

14......

15......

16......

17......

18......

19......

20......

21......

22......

23......

24......

25......

26......

27......

28......

29......

30...... 

31......

Aug.

2,400 

3,000 

2,800 

2,400 

2,500

2,700 

2,700 

2,200 

2,400 

2,600

Oct.

3,000 

2,800 

2,300 

2,700 

3,000

3,300 

3,000 

4,100 

3,800 

3,000

3,900 

4,300 

4,200 

4,600 

4,300

4,200 

4,100 

3,500 

2,900 

2,900

2,600 

2,800 

2,500 

2,500 

2,800

2,700 

2,400 

3,400 

4,000 

4,000 

4,300

Sept.

1,800 

1,400 

1,800 

2,500 

2,600

2,900 

2,700 

2,400 

2,300 

2,300

Nov.

4,200 

3,500 

3,100 

3,400 

3,000

2,900 

2,800 

3,300 

3,000 

2,500

2,700 

2,700 

2,900 

3,000 

3,100

3,100 

2,800 

2,900 

3,000 

3,000

3,100 

3,400 

3,800 

3,700 

3,900

4,000 

3,600 

3,200 

3,300 

3,200

Day.

1913. 

11. .. 

12. .. 

13. .. 

14. .. 

15. ..

16. .. 

17. .. 

18. .. 

19. .. 

20. ..

Dec.

3,100 

3,400 

3,300 

2,800 

3,200

3,100 

2,800 

2,300 

2,000 

2,000

2,400 

2,900 

3,100 

2,500 

2,400

2,400 

2,600 

2,700 

2,400 

2,200

1,900 

1,800 

1,900 

2,000 

1,800

1,700 

1,700 

2,000 

1,700 

1,700 

2,000

Jan.

2,000 

1,900 

1,900 

2,100 

1,800

1,700 

2,100 

2,100 

2,100 

2,000

1,900 

1,600 

IjSOO 

1,900 

1,800

1,600 

1,600 

1,800 

1,700 

1,700

2,000 

1,900 

1,700 

1,700 

1,800

1,500 

1,500 

1,700 

1,700 

1,600 

1,800

July.

3,900 

3,800 

4,200 

4,400 

4,300

4,100

3,600 

3,700 

3,600 

3,400

Feb.

1,800 

1,400 

1-500 

1,700 

1,600

1,500 

1,500 

1,700 

1,400 

1,300

1,400 

1,400 

1,300 

1,300 

1,300

1,300 

1,200 

1,300 

1,300 

1,200

1,200 

1,400 

1,400 

1,300 

1,300

1,300 

1,300 

1,300

Aug.

2.&0 

2,600 

2,600 

2,400 

2,300

2,200 

2,100 

12,100 

1,800 

2,200

Mar.

1,300 

1,400 

1,500 

1,600 

1,300

1,300 

1,300 

1,400 

1,400 

1,300

1,400 

1,300 

1,500 

1,600 

1,500

1,700 

1,700 

1,900 

1,900 

1,800

1,700 

1,800 

1,700 

1,600 

1,700

1,600 

1,600 

1,700 

1,900

2,200 

2,800

Sept.

2.300 

2,200 

2,200 

2,200 

2,100

1,600 

1,700 

1,800 

2,200 

2,300

Apr.

3.000 

2,900 

2,900 

3,000 

3,100

2,700 

2,700 

2,600 

2,600 

2,500

2,400 

2,300 

2,500 

2,700 

2,600

2,700 

3,000 

4,000 

4,800 

5,900

7,200 

8,500 

8,700 

8,100 

8,300

8,100 

8,700 

9,000 

11,600 

13,900

Day.

1913 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25.

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31.

May.

17,600 

20,500 

20,800 

18,100 

15,700

13,800 

12,000 

11,600 

10,000 

9,500

7,500 

7,100 

6,900 

6,400 

6,100

5,300 

4,600 

4,600 

4,500 

4,400

4,400 

3,100 

3,700 

4,200 

4,200

4,000 

3,900 

4,000 

3,800 

3,900 

3,9tiO

July.

2,700 

2,800 

2,800 

2,500 

2,100

2,800 

3,000 

2,800 

2,500 

2,700 

2,500

June.

3,800 

3,000 

2,900 

3,200 

3,100

3,100 

2,800 

2,600 

2,800 

2,500

2,400 

1,300 

2,900 

1,000 

2,200

1,800 

1,200 

2,300 

1,700 

1,100

2,300 

2,200 

1,550 

3,000 

3,900

4,600 

4,500 

5,100 

6,500 

8,100

Aug.

2,300 

2.200 

2,200 

2,200 

2,100

ol,500 

ol,400 

ol,800 

2,100 

2,100 

2,100

July.

8,480 

7,890 

7,270 

6,560 

6,270

5,600 

4,710 

3,910 

2,670 

2,740

2,530 

3,110 

5,720 

7,940 

9,310

9,290 

7,150 

5,920 

5,130 

4,070

3,410 

3,030 

3,030 

3,220 

4,540

4,640 

4,270 

5,460 

6,110 

6,880 

6,550

Aug.

5,690 

5,130 

4,130 

3,760 

3,480

3,160 

2,840 

2,640 

2,440 

2,210

2,490 

2,680 

2,570 

2,620 

2,630

2,640 

2,870 

2,800 

3,070 

3,220

3,610 

4,400 

4,590 

5,310 

5,730

6,500 

6,250 

5,380 

4,430

3,890 

3,500

Sept.

2,400 

2,600 

4,700 

4,800 

4,500

4,300 

4,600 

4,600 

4,600 

3,600

Sept.

3,470 

3,630 

3,480 

3,360 

3,510

3,990 

3,980 

3,810 

3,170 

3,120

2,970 

2,960 

3,260 

3,010 

2,750

4,140 

4,6« 

4,960 

4,840 

4,430

3,610 

2,970 

2,820 

3,100 

2,900

2,560 

2,340 

2,420 

2,900 

2,810

o Flow regulated by power plants above.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 31

Monthly discharge of Menominee River below Koss, Mich.,for the years ending Sept. 30,

1913-14.

(Drainage area, 3,790 square miles.]

Month.

1913. 

July...........................................

1913-14.

March.........................................

April.... ......................................

May ..... .... .... .... .;

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,800 

3,000 

4,800

4,600 

4,200 

3,400

2,100

1,800 

2,800

13,900 

20,800 

8,100

9,340 

6,500 

4,960

20,800

Minimum.

2,100 

1,400 

1,400

2,300 

2,500 

1,700

1,300 

1,200 

1,300

2,300 

3,100 

1,000

2,530 

2,210 

2,340

1,000

Mean.

3,530 

2,280

2,800

3,350 

3,200 

2,380

1,790 

1,390 

1,630

5,100

8,070 

2,980

5,400 

3,760 

3,400

3,550

Per 

square 

mile.

0.931

.602 

.739

.884 

.844 

.628

.472 

.367 

.430

1.35 

2.13

.786

1.42

.992 

.897

.937

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.07 

.69

.82

1.02 

.94

.72

.54 

.38 

.50

1.51 

2.46

.88

1.64 

1.14 

1.00

12.73

BRTILE RIVER NEAR FLORENCE, WIS.

Location. At highway bridge near Washburn farm, 3£ miles north of Florence; 1 

mile above mouth of Paint Creek and 6 miles above mouth of Michigamme River, 

both entering from the left.

Drainage area. 344 square miles.

Records available. January 24 to September 30,1914.

Gage. Chain gage fastened to upstream side of highway bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths. Gage reader, R. N. Washburn.

Discharge measurements. At low stages made by wading; at medium and high 

stages from highway bridge.

Channel and control. Gravel; smooth and probably permanent.

Extremes of discharge.- Maximum open-water stage recorded January 24 to September 30, 1914: 4.6 feet at 1 p, m., May 1 and 3; discharge, 1,730 second-feet. 

Minimum open-water stage recorded: 2.15 feet at 1 p. m., September 28; discharge, 284 second-feet.

Minimum measured discharge for period when stream was frozen: 209 secondfeet February 21; actual minimum during that period probably less.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; flow determined by measurements 

made through the ice.

Regulation. Logging dams above gage are so operated that during the spring large 

volumes of water are released to facilitate log driving; flow during such periods 

fluctuates rapidly; flow during remainder of year probably natural.

Accuracy. Rating curve well defined; records good.
32 SUEPACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Brule River near Florence, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1914.

Date.

Jan. 24

Feb. 21

Mar. 26

Apr. 15

May 4

Made by 

G.H.Canfield.. .......

O. A. Steller.... .......

G.H.Canfield.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 311

3

nn

3 11

2 54

3

00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

«234

6209

«c312

qoo

846

Date.

May 6

July 2

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

h».

Feet. 

2.64

2.48

2.90

2.64

2.30

Dischargo.

Sec.-ft. 

526

454

686

520

344

« Measurement made under partial ice cover.

& Measurement made with complete ice cover.

« Notes of original measurement lost; data as given from unchecked daily report cards.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Brule River near Florence, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Apr. May.

1,600

1,460

1 600

1^210

968

848

702

702

7SS

788

QAfi

1,030

1,090

968

June.

453

453

453

427

506

645

848

730

7QQ

7s e

78 B

730

7fl*>

673

673

July.

589

CAR

Cfll

534

eon

eon

eon

CAR

1A1

453

589

7O.9

(STQ

Kftl

Aug.

401

401

OKI

OAK

OAK

one:

305

305

one:

QOQ

305

OOQ

OOQ

OA1

Sept.

OKI

On-*

One

305 ^f;i

305

311

401

401 OC-|

OC|

qei

401

427

376

Day.

16..........

17..........

1 S

19..........

20..........

91

oo

O*I

24..........

OK

O7

oe

on

^n

31..........

Apr.

1,400

1,270

1,270

1,150

908

QAQ

968

968

1,210

1,400

May.

968

788

617

561

561

506

508

453

4.ft1

401

453

453

534

534

534

506

June.

617

506

480

453

351

305

305

561

589

673

617

589

617

673

645

July.

534

534

534

453

561

702

617

506

453

453

401

506

453

453

453

305

Aug.

328

328

376

453

453

506

427

453

534

506

A.WI

401

351

351

305

305

Sept.

351

351

453

480

453

401

376

351

305

305

328

305

284

305

328

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 305 and 968 second-feet.

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements and climatic records, as follows: Jan. 24-31,225 second-feet; Feb. 1-10,210 second-feet; Feb. 11-20,195 second-feet; 

Feb. 21-28.215 secoad-feet; Mar. 1-10,270 second-feet; Mar. 11-20,285 second-feet; Mar. 21-31, 305 secondeet; Apr. 1-10,320 second-feet; Apr. 11-20,325 second-feet; and Apr. 16-30, 670 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Brule River near Florence, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,1914.

[Drainage area, 344 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,600

848

702 

534 

480

Minimum.

401 

305

305 

305

284

Mean.

225

206

287

656 

789 

588

535 

372 

358

Per 

square 

mile.

0.654 

.599 

.834

1.91 

2.29 

1.71

1.56 

1.08 

1.04

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.19

.62 

.96

2.13 

2.64 

1.91

1.80 

1.24 

1.16

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C.

C. 

B. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

PINE RIVER NEAR FLORENCE, WIS.

Location. At highway bridge 8 miles southwest of Florence and 12 miles above

mouth of river. Popple River enters from the right about 200 feet above the

station.

Drainage area. 518 square miles.

Records available. January 22 to April 30, and June 1 to September 30,1914. 

Gage. Standard chain gage fastened to upstream side of bridge; read twice daily to

half-tenths. 

Discharge measurements. At medium and high stages made from upstream side

of bridge; at low stages by wading.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 33

Channel and control. Coarse gravel and rocks; may shift during extremely high 

water.

Extremes of stage. Maximum stage recorded January 22 to April 30 and June 1 

to September 30, 1914: 8.4 feet, at 4 p. m., April 29. Minimum stage recorded: 

1.8 feet, June 20.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; flow determined from measurements made through the ice.

Regulation. River used for log driving in spring; backwater at gage caused by 

closing gates of a dam below.

Accuracy. Gage-height record good except for short periods immediately before or 

soon after opening and closing of gates of dam below gage.

Data insufficient to warrant publication of estimates of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Pine River near Florence, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1914-

Date.

Jan. 22

Feb. 21

Mar 91

Apr. 15

Made by 

O. A. Steller.. .........

M.F. Rather..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.80

2.%

3.57

3.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

«205

«160

6233

337

Date.

June 30

July 2

Aug. 14

Made by 

H. C. Beckman......

.....do.................

M.F. Rather...........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.67

4.20

2.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1 140

Qft*>

A.1&

a Measurement made under complete ice cover.

& Original notes lost; data as«given from unchecked daily report cards.

Daily gage height, infect, of Pine River near Florence, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 80,

1914.

[William Taft, observer.]

Day.

1.:..................................

2....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25.. I... ..............................

26....................................

27........:...........................

28.. ..................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Jan.

3.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.8

2

0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

Feb.

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

3.0

3 A

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.9

3.0

Mar.

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.1

2.9

2.8

2.9

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.5

Apr.

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.1

4.7

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.8

5.4

5.8

6.1

6.3

6.9

8.4

8.2

June.

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.3

3.3

3.0

3.0

2.1

2..S5

2.65

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0 1 CM

1.88

1 on

2.05

9 4fi

2.8

2.9

2.95

3.0

3 A

5.0

A Q

4.7

July.

4.6

4.3

4.0

3.6

3.4

3.2

2.85

2.65

2.35

2.3

1.98

3.4

4.2

4.4

4.1

4.0

3.6

3.4

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.85

2.7

2.55

3.4

3.6

4.0

3.8

3.7

9.6

Aug.

3.5

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.35

2.35

2,4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.55

2.7

2.8

2.7

3.2

3.4

3.6

4.2

4.4

4.5

4.8

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.6

4.4

4.2

3.4

- 3.0

Sept.

3

0

3.4

3.5

3 A

8.2

3.0

3.2

3 9

3 9

8.5

2.8

9 OS

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

3

n

9 Q

*> SI

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

8.4

3.4

2.59

2.8

NOTE. Discharge relation affected by ice about Jan. 22 to Apr. 15. During May backwater occurred 

from the logging dam below and observations were discontinued. Record for remainder of year probably 

represents natural flow. .V

24017° WSP 384 16 3
34 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

PIKE RIVER AT AMBERG, WIS.

Location. At Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway bridge half a mile south of 

Amberg, immediately below junction of the two branches of Pike River, and 

about 11 miles above the mouth.

Drainage area. 240 square miles.

Records available. February 26 to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Chain gage fastened to guard rail on upstream side of bridge; read daily, ip 

the morning, to quarter-tenths. Gage reader, Frank Bunce.

Discharge measurements. At medium and high stages made from a highway 

bridge one-fourth mile downstream; at extremely low water by wading.

Channel and control. Solid rock and some loose granite bowlders; channel permanent but very rough at gage.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge 

measurements made through the ice.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum open-water stage recorded February 26 to 

September 30,1914: 4.65 feet at 8.10 p. m., July 14; discharge, 1,200 second-feet. 

Minimum open-water stage recorded: 1.65 feet, June 18; discharge, 130 second-feet. 

Minimum measured discharge for period when ice was present: 126 second-feet 

February 26; actual minimum for that period slightly lower.

Regulation. None.

Accuracy. Rating curve well defined; records excellent.

Discharge measurements of Pike River at Amberg, Wis., dwring the year ending Sept. 30,

1914.

Date.

Feb. 26

Mar. 21

May 3

8

Made by 

O. A. Steller. ..........

M.F. Rather...........

G.H.Canfleld. ........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.40

1.84

2.26

3.22

2.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. «126

06162

278

586

391

Date.

29

July 11

Aug. 15

Made byEC. C. Beckman........

.....do..................

.....do..................

M. F. Rather...........

3R.

Feet. 

4.21

4.23

3.64

2.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

992

1,010

779

220

« Measurement made under complete ice cover; about 50 per cent ice cover at the rapids below the gage. 

6 Original notes lost; data as given from unchecked report.

Daily discharge, in second-feet of Pike River at Amberg, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1914.

Day.

1. .........

3. .........

4..........

5..........

&..........

7... .......

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Apr.

215

189

215

228

May.

904

742

595

525

474

424

424

392

376

360

329

329

329

314

284

June.

202

184

169

97ft

^14

284

270

256

228

202

176

1fi4

159

152

146

July.

781

742

667

Knr:

508

424

360

9QQ

270

242

215

424

742

1,120

1,040

Aug.

467

392

360

OOQ

OOQ

329

284

256

242

242

228

215

215

228

228

Sept.

360

376

360

360

299

329

329 299'

284

270

299

314

299

299

424

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Apr.

284

314

329

424

491

457

408

360

329

360

424

474

491

742

990

May.

270

270

256

242

242

242

270

299

284

270

270

256

242

242

228

210

June.

141

137

130

152

176

202

228

256

360

440

424

457

821

990

862

July.

742

595

457

360

344

314

284

360

424

424

360

424

704

821

667

560

Aug.

256

314

344

OQO

457

474

424

667

667

-595

491

392

344

329

360

Sept.

474

4W

408

376

344

311

299

284

O7A

270

256

256

242

242

228

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well denned between 189 and 1,040 second-feet.

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and 

climatic records, as follows: Feb. 26-28,122 second-feet; Mar. 1-10,142 second-feet; Mar. 11-20,154 secondfeet; 21-31,195 second-feet; aad Apr. 1-10,220 secoM-feet.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 35

Monthly discharge of Pike River at Amberg, Wis., for the yeast ending Sept. 30,1914. 

[Drainage area, 240 square miles.]

Month.

May

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

990 

904, 

990 

1,120 

667 

474

Minimum.

210 

130

215 

215

228

Mean.

165 

338 

351 

298 

525 

365 

321

Per 

square 

mile.

0.688 

1.41 

1.46 

1.24 

2.19 

1.52 

1.34

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.)

0.79

1.57 

1.68 

. 1.38 

2.52 

1.75 

1.50

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

OCONTO KIVER NEAR GILLETT, WIS.

Location. At steel highway bridge 2J miles southeast of Gillett, and about 27 miles 

above mouth of river.

Drainage area. 678 square miles.1

Becords available.-^June 7, 1906, to March 30, 1909; January 16 to September 30, 

1914.

Gage. Chain gage attached to iron railing on upstream side of bridge; read once 

daily to quarter-tenths. Gage reader, Nettie Gilbertson. Zero of gage used in 

1914 is 4 feet above that of gage used June 7, 1906, to March 30,1909.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge.

Channel and control. Gravel; probably permanent; free from vegetation.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; flow determined from discharge 

measurements made through the ice.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum open-water stage recorded January 16 to September 30, 1914: 3.8 feet, April 30, May 1 and 2; discharge, 2,020 second-feet. 

Minimum open-water stage recorded for same period: 1.1 feet, September 9; discharge, 342 second-feet. Minimum discharge when ice was present, not known 

but probably was considerably less than 342 second-feet.

Maximum open-water discharge computed June 7, 1906, to March 30, 1909, and 

January 16 to September 30, 1914: 2,630 second-feet, May 1, 1908. Minimum 

open-water discharge for same periods: 95 second-feet, June 3^and 6, 1907.

Regulation. Dam above station stores water to float logs during spring; flow at gage 

natural except when dam is in operation.

Accuracy. Rating curve well denned; records excellent.

Discharge measurements of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1914.

Date.

Feb. 18

Mar. 20

Made by 

H. C. Beckman. .......

O. A. Steller. ..........

M.F. Rather.... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.60

2.67

1.83

Discharge.

See.-ft.

o324

o6462

686

Date.

May 20

Aug. 13

13

Made by 

M.F. Rather..........

.....do.................

Gage

height.

Feet. 

1.54

1.45

1.43

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

538

500

494

o Measurement made under complete ice cover.

6 Original notes lost; data as given from unchecked daily report cards.

1 Revised since Water-Supply Paper 264 was published.
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 19H, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1. ...... .....................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

a.. ......^.... ...............................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30............................................

31............................................

Mar.

515

565

492

930

698

840

Apr.

960

1,020

840

840

698

698

698

615

698

642

590

565

515

615

590

690

590

642

698

752

670

1.060

642

870

1,020

1.160

1.220

1,430

1.500

2,020

May.

2,020

2,020

1,860

1.430

1,570

1.570

,220

,570

,060

,090

,060

,020

992

840

960

1,720

1,860

403

446

565

780

725

992

1,090

1,090

1,060

960

930

642

960

780

June.

615

590

698

752

992

1,020

1,290

1,090

1,160

960

725

725

615

590

565

565

515

468

565

565

1,160

615

590

590

615

780

1.090

960

1,500

1,430

July.

1,790

1,640

1,720

1.720

1,430

1,160

1.290

1.220

870

930

900

670

1,090

698

1,090

780

900

870

698

725

' 725

642

615

540

515

492

590

515

565

752

870

Aug.

725

725

615

615

780

1.020

515

670

540

565

«615

468

468

468

403

515

590

468

642

590

900

670

725

590

670

642

615

670

615.

615

615

Sept.

670

698

725

698

670

615

615

565

342

492

565

565

515

446

565

900

1,020

960

960

900

840

780

590

382

468

424

446

468

468

468

a Estimated.

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 515 and 1,090 second-feet, 

and fairly well defined beyond these limits.

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements and 

climatic records, as follows: Jan. 16-31,670 second-feet; Feb. 1-10, 405 second-feet; Feb. 11-20, 310 secondfeet; Feb. 21-28, 250 second-feet; Mar. 1-10, 300 second-feet; and Mar. 11-25, 440 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914- 

[Drainage area, 678 square miles.o]

Month.

March................................

April...................................

July....................................

September ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,020 

2,020 

1,500

1,790 

1,020 

1,020

Minimum.

515 

403

468

492 

403 

342

Mean.

670 

327 

440

848 

1,140 

813

936 

623 

627

Per 

square 

mile.

0.988 

.482 

.649

1.25 

1.68 

1.20

1.38 

.919 

.925

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.59 

.50

.75

1.40

1.94 

1.34

1.59 

1.06 

1.03

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C.

A. 

B. 

A.

A.

A. 

A.

a Revised since last published report.
STEEAMS TEIBUTAEY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 37

WOLF RIVER AT KESHENA, WIS.

Location. At highway bridge at Keshena, 3 miles below outlet of West Branch of 

Wolf Hirer, coming in from the right.

Drainage ^area. 797 square miles.

Records available. May 9,1907, to March 31,1909; February 10,1911, to September 30,1914.

Gage. Vertical staff; read twice daily to October 1,1911; since that date read morning, noon, and evening; mean of three readings taken as mean for day.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Channel and control. Gravel; smooth and permanent.

Winter flow. Ice covers the stream in vicinity of gage and causes 1 to 3 feet of backwater. At times slush ice and frazil collecting under the ice make accurate discharge measurements impossible. Ice forms at falls above Keshena and floats 

in river as far as backwater from dam at Shawano.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year: 4.1 

feet at 5 p. m., April 30; discharge, 1,990 second-feet. Minimum open-water 

stage recorded: 1.2 feet, November 30; discharge, 444 second-feet. Minimum 

measured discharge for period when ice was present: 420 second-feet, by current 

meter, February 16; actual minimum probably lower.

Maximum discharge computed 1907-1909 and 1911-1914: 3,910 second-feet, 

September 2, 1912. Minimum open-water discharge computed for those periods: 

275 second-feet, September 26, 1908.

Regulation. Biver and main tributaries above Keshena controlled to some extent 

by logging dams.

Accuracy. Conditions favorable; open-water rating curve excellent between gage 

heights 1 and 4 feet. Accuracy of open-water records depends on accuracy with 

which mean gage height is determined.

Discharge measurements of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1914.

Date.

Feb. 16o

Mar. 19 o»

June 12

Made by 

O. A. Steller.............................................................

.....do...................................................................

H. C. Beckman............... ...

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.00

2.82

2.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

420

556

833

a Measurement made 4 miles below gage.

i> Original notes lost; data as given from unchecked notes.
38 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

80, 1914.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6............................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18.. .........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30........................... <*l

Oct.

901

853

Qfll

863

853

80%

853

1 000

I'llO

1,220

1,460

1,280

1,160

1,050

1,000

950

853

853

853

853

901

OKA

853

806

853

901

1,050

1,110

1,050

950

901

Nov.

853

901

QV)

853

806

853

853

853

806

711

760

760

fi79

71 %

760

630

. 590

515

515

444

Dec.

672

806

760

630

552

552

479

47ft

515

479

444

552

672

630

590

630

515

Apr.

715

760

806

806

760

672

672

806

806

853

1,050

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,220

"1,340

1,460

1,530

1,590

1,720

1,920

May.

1,850

1,660

1,530

1,400

1,280

1,280

1,220

1,160

1,220

1,160

1,110

1,110

1,160

1,050

1,050

1,050

1,000

950

853

760

672

630

1,050

1,280

1,340

1,160

1,160

1,050

1,050

1,000

950

June.

901

806

760

950

1,050

1,220

1,160

1,110

1,110

1,050

950

853

806

715

672

672

672

630

672

715

715

672

760

806

760

715

806

950

1,050

1,160

July.

1,400

1,340

1,400

1,340

1,280

1,220

1,220

1,280

1,220

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,050

950

950

901

901

806

715

715

672

672

672

672

672

672

672

672

672

715

Aug.

715

715

760

760

760

806

715

715

672

630

672

672

672

630

630

630

672

672

672

715

715

715

806

853

853

853

853

853

901

950

950

Sept.

950

1,000

1,000

1,400

1,220

950

950

950

950

950

950

1,000

1,000

1,050

1,050

1,160

1.160

1,220

1,280

1,400

1,460

1,340

1,220

1,110

1,050

1,000

901

853

853

853

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well defined rating curve. Discharge estimates Oct. 1 to 

Dec. 31,1913, differ slightly from those published in Water-Supply-Paper 354, on account of revision of 

rating curve.

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, climatologic records and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Nov. 9-18, 850 second-feet; Dec.18-31, 

1913, 480 second-feet; Jan. 1-31.1914,500 second-feet; Feb. 1-28,450 second-feet; Mar. 1-25,500 second-feet; 

Mar. 26-31,600 second-feet; and Apr. 1-8,640 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Month.

November. .............................

January .................................

February. ..............................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,460

1,920

1,850 

1,220

1,400 

950 

1,460

1,920

Minimum.

806 

444

630 

630

672 

630

853

Mean.

967

777 

538

500 

450 

519

975 

1,140

862

904' 

748 

1,070

794

Per 

square 

mile.

1.21

.975 

.675

.627 

.565 

.651

1.22 

1.43 

1.08

1.21 

.939 

1.34

.996

Run-off 

(depth in 

mches on 

drainage 

area).

1.40 

1.09

.78

.72 

.59

.75

1.36 

1.65 

1.20

1.40 

1.08 

1.50

13.52

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

C.

D. 

D. 

D.

C.

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 39

WOLF RIVER AT NEW LONDON, WIS.

Location. At Pearl Street highway bridge, New London. Embarrass River enters 

from the right three-fourths mile above and Little River, also from the right, 5 

miles below.

Drainage area. 2,240 square miles.

Records available. October 1,1913, to September 30,1914. U. S. Army Engineers 

have kept a gage height record March 1, 1899, to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Enameled steel gage, reading from 1.0 to 13.0 feet, fastened to pile under 

downstream side of Pearl Street Bridge; read at noon to nearest tenth.; gage 

reader, A. H. Pape. Datum of gage was raised 0.641 foot March 1, 1911, according to United States Army Engineers.

Discharge measurenlents. Made from the Shawano Street Bridge, 3 blocks below 

gage.

Channel and control. Channel of sand, hard pan, and mud.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge 

measurements made through the ice.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum mean daily open-water stage recorded during 

year: 9.9 feet, June 9 and 10; discharge, 8,490 second-feet. Minimum mean daily 

open-water stage recorded: 1.8 feet, August 15 to 17; discharge, 1,020 second-feet. 

Minimum measured discharge during period when ice was present: 791 secondfeet, by current-meter, February 16,1914; actual minimum discharge not known. 

Maximum stage recorded on gage read by U. S. Army Engineers 1899-1914: 

11.6 feet April 16, 1888.

Regulation. Operation of power plants may cause some diurnal fluctuation; estimates of monthly means probably not affected.

Cooperation. Gage read under direction of U. S. Army Engineers.

Discharge measurements of Wolf River at New London, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1914.

Date.

Jan. 12

Feb. 16

Apr. 16

May 22

Made by 

H.C. Beckman........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.90

2.60

4.05

5.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

a 791

2,480

Date.

9

Aug. 17

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt.... ........

H. C. Beckman........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.96

9.90

1.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,930

8,500

1,010

 a Complete ice cover one-fourth mile below gage.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf River at New London, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1914.

Day.

1.. .................

2...................

3...................

4................... 

5...................

6...................

7...................

8................... 

9...................

10...................

11...................

12................... 

13...................

14................... 

16...................

16................... 

17................... 

18................... 

19................... 

20...................

21...................

22...................

23................... 

24................... 

25...................

26................... 

27...................

28...................

29...................

30................... 

31...................

Oct.

2,170

2,170

2,050

1,890 

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,930 

2,090

2 AQf|

2,220 

2,300 

2,300

2,260 

2,260

2,220 

2,220 

2,220 

2,050

1 QOA

1,850

1,810

1,730 

1,650 

1,650

1,650 

1,690

1,690

1,650 

1,650 

1,690

Nov.

1,690

1,730

1,780

1,730 

1,730

1,770

1,770

1,770 

1,730

1 AQA

1,570

1,460 

1 540

1^500 

1,570

1,540 

1,540 

1,540 

1,610 

1,770

1,890

2,010

2,050 

2,090

o AQA

2,010

1,970

1,930

1,930 

1,970

Dec.

2,090

o nan

2,050

2,05t) 

2,010

1,970

1,850

1,730 

1 540

l'350

1,380 

1,540 

1,570

1,570 

1,570

1,610

1,540 

1,540 

1,460 

1,310

1,230

........

........

........

Mar.

........

........

1,650

1,850 

2,090

Apr.

2,260

2 500

2^600

2,650 

2,600

2,500

2,350

2,220 

2,050

2 050

" 1,930 

1,890 

1,890

1,850 

1,850

1,850 

1,890 

1,930 

2,090

2

OfiA

2,350

2' 500 

2,550 

2,650

2,700 

2,750

2,800

8,980 

3,050

May.

3,260

3,340

3,500

3,580 

3,670

3,760

3,760

3,580 

3,420

S Oftfi

.3,050

2,980 

2,750

2,650 

2,600

2,500 

2,400 

2,350 

2,260

2 AQf|

2,090

2

KKfl

2,700 

2,860 

2 920

2,920

2,980

3,050

3,050 

2,980 

2,980

June.

2,980

2,860

2,700

3,120

3,580

4,160

5,810

7,560 

8,490

8,490

7,860 

7,000 

6,020

5,610 

4,790

4,160 

3,580 

3,260 

2,920

2,350

2,300

2,220 

2,220 

2,170

2,050 

2,090

2,300

2,550 

2,600

July.

2,750

2,800

2,920

2,980 

3,120

3,120

3,120

3,050 

2,920

o 750

2,600 

2,350 

2,260

2,170 

2,050

2,050 

2,010 

1,930

1,770

1,540

1*500 

1,500 

1,420

1,380

1,460

1,420

1,420 

1,420 

1,420

Aug.

1,380

1*310

1,270 

1,270

1,270

1,310

1,270 

1,230

1,160

1,090 

1,090 

1,090

1,090 

1,020

1,020 

1,020 

1,120 

1,310

1

QQA

1,570

1,610

1,610 

1,570

1 Cflft

1,420 

1,420

1,350

1,310 

1,310 

1,310

Sept.

1,350

1,420

1,500

1,540 

1,570

1,610

1,650

1, 610 

1,500

1,460 

1,460 

1,500

1,500 

1,730

1,930 

2,130

2,260 

2,260

2 OKA

2,400

2,450

2,450 

2,400 

2,170

2,090 

1,850

1,770

1,610 

1,570

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 986 and 8,820 second-feet.

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and 

climatic records, as follows: Dec. 22-31,1913,1,160 second-feet; Jan. 1-31,1914, 950 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 

800 second-feet; and Mar. 1-28,1,200 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Wolf River at New London, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1914- 

[Drainage area, 2,240 square miles.]

Month.

March. .

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,300 

2,090

O AQA

3,050 

3,760 

8,490

3,120 

1,610

2,450

8,490

Minimum.

1,650

1,460

1,850 

2,090 

2,050

1,380 

1,020 

1,350

Mean.

1,950 

1,760 

1,500

950 

800 

1,260

2,330 

2,960 

4,010

2,140

1,290 

1,820

1,900

Per

 square 

mile.

0.871

.786 

.670

.424 

.357 

.562

1.04 

1.32 

1.79

.955 

.576 

.812

.848

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.00

.88 

.77

.49 

.37 

.65

1.16 

1.52 

2.00

1.10

.66 

.91

11.51

Accuracy.

B. 

B.

D.

D. 

D. 

D.

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 41

WEST BRANCH OF WOLF RIVER AT NEOPIT, WIS.

Location. At the dam and power plant at Neopit, a station of the Wisconsin Northern 

Railroad, 20 miles north of Shawano, on the Menominee Indian Reservation.

Drainage area. 108 square miles.

Records available. January 25, 1911, to September 30, 1914.

Gages. Vertical staff gages on headrace and tailrace.

Determination of flow. An attempt to measure the flow by current-meter measurements a short distance below the dam proved unsatisfactory and it was decided 

to rate the turbine and spillway. The power is developed by means of a timber 

dam about 14 feet high, which backs the water upstream for a considerable distance and forms a service reservoir. The spillway is a rectangular opening about 

13 feet wide, which is closed by means of stop planks. Little water leaks through 

the dam, but considerable passes between the planks when all are in place. The 

power house is at the dam and is equipped with a 35-inch Leffel-Sampson turbine 

belted to a 60-kilowatt generator which is used chiefly for lighting. The turbine 

takes water from the service reservoir through a rectangular flume which is 9 feet 

wide by 6 feet deep and lined with smooth planks. The turbine was rated by 

means of current-meter measurements in the flume. The spillway and leakage 

through the boards were rated by measurements in the sluiceway. Gages were 

placed in the pond and below the dam to show the head on the turbine. Readings 

of both gages, voltage, amperage, and number of planks removed from the spillway were recorded seven times each day at 6, 7, and 10 a. m., 12 m., 3, 6, and 

10 p. m. These readings were then weighted in accordance with the elapsed 

interval.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum mean daily discharge computed during year: 

443 second-feet, September 2; minimum mean daily discharge computed: 17 

second-feet, August 30.

Maximum mean daily discharge computed 1911-1914: 999 second-feet, July 24, 

1912. Minimum mean daily discharge computed for this period: 17 second-feet, 

, August 30, 1914.

Flow at station is controlled by operation of the power plant and waste gates; 

therefore the actual maximum may have exceeded the above estimates for brief 

periods; also the minimum has been reduced to about 6 second-feet of leakage at 

times when plant has been shut down for brief periods.

Accuracy. Discharge measurements made at this station indicate that the records 

were being carefully taken and that the method of computation gave results well 

within 10 per cent.
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1914-

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............

31..............

Oct.

83

136

135

102

216

133

98

79

180

208

171

186

143

199

87

137

134

127

140

139

136

130 -IOK

136

188

199

188

168

Nov.

179

63

82

135

148

265

120

161

141

on

74

164

99

1d9

111

81

105

177

19H

9AQ

188

73

Odd

80

109

101

Dec.

131

205

152

86

72

66

52

64

78

78

186

110

110

117

119

130

171

83

R9

RQ

72

77

81

106

IQO

130

109

102

7070

Jan.

88

94

Q5

93

98

on

Of,

95

OK

QA

86

no

95

Q9

on

88

91

84

QQ

Ifi9

1ft9

QQ

98

Q7

80

87

91

QA

106

106

105

Feb.

74

88

89

98

Oft

87

87

70

77

80

80

82

82

83

78

85

7s

77

78

82

83

Mar.

94

53

78

70

83

94

108

90

104

105

QQ

QQ

104

100

111

113

109

98

7Q

108

97

89

91

Q7

98

98

97

101

145

120

1 AA

Apr.

142

111

162

103

139

115

143

111

107

145

105 i^d

55

136

157

106

108

181

106

138

118

129

176

128

283

156

184

278

380

143

May.

157

138

160

154

79

93

150

86

128

128

130

132

145

180

139

124

109

126

87

143

147

224

168

182

125

156

197

157

,135

June.

94

94

194

344

219

199

265

152

140

165

140

113

129

97

131

94

121

83

129

155

146

78

116

150

67

117

224

206

171

147

July.

206

113

137

128

115

103

64

122

124

87

104

193

101

137

156

114

53

119

90

146

79

133

124

83

91

108

80

Q8

87

86

85

Aug.

on

105

- 48

37

80

104

45

104

121

44

88

82

114

99

130

120

39

142

137

101

134

121

116

01

95

84

125

93

94

17

187

Sept.

-ton

443

111

107

QQ

99

93

74

51

en

63

34

70

292

44

46

43

on

in

77

47

46

68

93

dQ

29

43

41

43

NOTE. Estimated mean discharge Feb. 1-7,1914, 85 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914-

[Drainage area, 108 square miles.]

Month.

January... ..............................

April...................................

July....................................

September..............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

216 

265 

205

106

145

380 

224 

344

206 

187 

443

443

Minimum.

79 

39

52

; so

53

55 

79 

67

53 

17 

29

17

Mean.

146 

132 

104

94.3

83.2 

97.8

149 

139 

149

112 

96.3 

92.2

116

Per 

square 

mile.

1.35 

1.22 

.963

.873 

.770 

.906

1.38 

1.29 

1.38

1.04

.892 

.854

1.07

Run-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.56 

1.36 

1.11

1.01 

.80 

 1.04

1.54 

1.49 

1.54

1.20 

1.03 

.95

14.63

Accuracy.'

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

C.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 43

LITTLE WOLF RIVER AT ROYALTON, Wig.

Location. At highway bridge in Boyalton, about 4 miles above mouth of river.

Drainage area. 485 square miles.

Records available. January 13 to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Chain gage fastened to upstream side of highway bridge; read morning and

evening, to half-tenths; gage reader, J. 0. Jensen. Gage is so fastened to a

cantilever arm that it is immediately upstream from the crest of a very decided

rapids.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable about 1,500 feet upstream from gage. 

Channel and control. Channel at gage, heavy gravel and rock; permanent; at

measuring .section, fine, smooth gravel. 

Winter flow. Owing to presence of heavy rapids at gage ice rarely forms except

during extremely cold weather and effect on discharge relation is slight; discharge

during such periods determined from measurements made through the ice at cable

section. 

Extremes of discharge. Maximum open-water stage recorded January 13 to

September 30, 1914: 7.5 feet at 7 p. m., June 7; discharge, 5,350 second-feet.

Minimum open-water stage recorded for that period: 1.3,5 feet at 8 a. m., August

17; discharge, 175 second-feet. Minimum discharge measured by current-meter

during period when ice was present: 163 second-feet, February 17; actual mini-?

mum discharge not known. 

Regulation. The several power plants above station have little storage so that their

operation has apparently no effect on the flow, which is probably nearly natural. 

Accuracy. Rating curve well defined; records good.

Discharge measurements of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1014.

Date.

Feb. 17

Apr. 24

May 1

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.60

1.70

1.98

3.07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

6163

419

1,130

Date.

May 21

10

Aug. 17

Made by 

M.F. Rather............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.74

7.05

4.56

1.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

362

4,840

2,280 «186

« Measurement made through Ice one-fourth mile above gage; small amount of ice at control.

b Considerable ice at control.

« Measurement made by wading at cable section.
44 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in^econd-feet, of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1.... ........................................

3.......................................:....

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10. ...........................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19. ...........................................

20. ...........................................

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28........... .................. ................

29............................................

30............................................

31............................................

Mar.

264

286

378

^AA

378

444

C«ft

fU>Q

Apr.

909

596

482

428

378

402

363

412

363

378

330

298

316

316

344

392

392

402

402

625

625

566

509

482

686

749

878

846

i ssn

1,220

May.

1,300

1,080

878

813

718

656

625

509

444

402

412

428

402

412

392

392

363

330

273

286

402

813

1,010

1,010

813

749

686

625

566

A 54

June.

392

316

344

1,680

2,520

3,090

5,000

4,780

3,490

2,160

1,520

1,150

 749

686

625

482

509

509

482

566

566

509

482

625

509

509

5ftfi

878

1 1 P»fi

QAA

July.

1,080

878

566

625

749

749

566

566

353

353

378

363

402

444

482

397

378

348

330

378

303

260

286

330

286

294

260

260

244

273

Aug.

244

260

244

222

244

222

208

187

197

181

197

208

233

233

187

187

184

307

378

444

412

344

298

286

273

264

256

256

ORfi

218

233

Sept.

264

264

233

244

266

273

233

264

288

208

225

286

218

363

566

509

944

813

454

482

482

444

444

298

286

256

197

316

256

225

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined between 225 and 878 secondfeet, and well defined between 878 and 5,350 second-feet.

Discharge estimated because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and 

climatic records, as follows: Jan. 13-20,210 second-feet; Jan. 21-31,230second-feet; Feb. 1-10,175 second-feet; 

Feb. 11-20,165 second-feet; Feb. 21-28,170 second-feet; Mar. 1-10, 245 second-feet; and Mar. 11-24, 320 

second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1914.

[Drainage area, 485 square miles.]

Month.

January 13-31. ..........................

Aprn.. ...................... ............

May.....................................

July.....................................

September ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,380 

1,300 

5,000

1,080 

444 

944

Minimum.

298 

273 

316

244 

181 

197

Mean.

222

170 

315

862 

609 

1,260

434 

254

352

Per 

square 

mile.

0.458 

.351 

.649

1.78 

1.26 

2.60

.895 

.524 

.726

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.32 

.37

.75

1.99 

1.45 

2.90

1.03 

.60

.81

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.
STBEAMS TRIBUTAEY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 45

MILWAUKEE EIVEE NEAE MILWAUKEE, WIS.

Location. Immediately above the remains of a quarry about half a mile below the 

concrete county bridge and 1 mile above Mineral Spring road; about 4 miles above 

mouth of river, near the north limits of Milwaukee.

Drainage area. 661 square miles.

Records available. April 30 to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Chain gage fastened to cantilever arm, supported by two trees on left bank of 

river, immediately back of the home of Johanna Liebl; read daily, morning and 

evening, to quarter-tenths.

Discharge measurements. At low stages made by wading immediately above 

the gage; at minimum and high stages from the lower chord of a covered wooden 

bridge, about 700 feet below the gage; bridge covers an abandoned quarry and the 

artificial channel beneath affords an excellent measuring section.

Channel and control. A rock outcrop, at which there is a fall of approximately 4 

feet, immediately below the gage; probably permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded April 30 to September 30, 1914: 

3.2 feetatS a. m., June 22; discharge, 1,960 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 

0.58 foot.on 11 days between August 9 and 21; discharge, 54 second-feet.

Winter flow. Not determined; data too meager.

Regulation. No diurnal fluctuation noticed at gage as a result of operation of power 

plants.

Accuracy. Rating curve well defined; records good.

Discharge measurements of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30. 1914-

Date.

May 1

25

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.52

1.46

1.81

Discharge.

See.-Jt. 

433

408

648

Date.

May 26

June 8

July 21

Made by 

G. H. Canfleld........

W.G.Hoyt... ........

.....do................

A

Feet.

1 Q7

2.55

.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

807

1,320

a 82

« Measurement made by wading at a section about 100 feet above gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 80, 1914.

Day.

1...........

3...........

4...........

E

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

Apr. May.

404

415

356

007

569

650

569

494

397

367

323

650

908

650

569

June.

427

245

263

385

1 360

1^460

1,360

1,090

952

650

494

415

345

328

July.

532

415

367

302

278

210

210

218

201

189

176

176

131

125

125

Aug.

83

100

100

83

74

74

74

68

61

54

54

54

54

54

54

Sept.

131

122

122

131

138

184

184

184

184

138

131

131

131

997

1,270

Day.

16. .........

17..........

18. .........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22.. .......

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Apr.

427

May.

415

356

263

227

210

184

210

184

273

460

820

QEO

650

569

460

397

June.

263

232

168

14O

1,220

1,560

QRA

820

714

fiO9

777 4O4'

569

EftQ

July.

125

125

125

125

IAC

83

112

83

83

78

83

100

100

122

100

Aug.

68

u

54

78

KA

54

112

112

112

122

122

105

100

100.

92

Sept.

1,180

1,180

1 A4fl

908

7^4

427

37Q

070

9*U

1Q7

184

184

176

184

184

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well denned between 78 and 1,460 second-feet.
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,

[Drainage area, 661 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

Discharge In second-feet.

Maximum.

952 

1,560 

532 

122 

1.270

MJT"TTlHTn,

184 

149 

78 

54 

122

Mean.

466

644 

172 , 

80.7 

389

Per 

square 

mile.

0.705 

.974 

.260 

.122

.589

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.81 

1.09 

.30 

.14 

.66

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A.

GRAND RIVER AT GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

Location. At Fulton Street Bridge, Grand Kapids. 

Drainage area. 4,900 square miles.

Records available. March 12, 1901, to September 30, 1914. 

"Gage. Staff, attached to bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to hundredths.

Limits of use: Hundredths below and tenths above 0.5 foot. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Extremes of stage. Maximum stage recorded during year: 6.1 feet at 7.30 a. m.,

May 18. Minimum stage recorded: 1.7 feet at 8 a. m., October 1. 

Winter flow. Discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

Regulation. Operation of power plants above station may modify low-water flow. 

Accuracy. The two or three measurements made since 1905 indicate that the rating

curve used in 1905 was not applicable after that year. 

Cooperation. Records furnished by city engineer of Grand Rapids. 

No discharge measurements made during the year ending September 30, 1914.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Roland De Witt, observer.]

Day.

1. ............. 

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7.............. 

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..........'.... 

12..............

13..............

14..............

15.............. 

16..............

17..............

18.............. 

19.............. 

20..............

21..............

22.............. 

23..............

24.............. 

25..............

26.............. 

27..............

00 *

on

30..............

31..............

Oct.

-1.68 

_ 1 30

_ I 25

-1.28

-1.42

-1.30 

-1.40 

 1 45

_ 1 45

-1.48

-1.52

 1 48

-1.55

-1.52

-1.55

-1.48 

"-i.'55

- .50

- .32 

- .35

- .48 

 60

1 RO

i is

_ 1 45

i 11

-1.40

Nov.

-1.45

-1.62

_ 1 4g

-1.45

-1.55

-1.62 

-1.50

-1.52

-1.55 

 1 48

-1.40

 1 45

-1.40

_ 1 45

__ Q 

- '.&

.3

.6

.0

- .2

- .5

- .4

.......

Dec.

-0.3 

.0

 ^

- .5

__ 0

- .2 "~".3

.0

__ 0

- .6

- .7

 ft

-1.15 

-1.05

-1.05

-1.0 

-1.10 

-1.05

-1.15 

 1 00

-1.08

-1.15 

-1.0

-1.0

1.10

-1.18

Jan.

 1 28

1 "W\

 1 08

-1.08

-1.10 

-1.18 

_ 1 10

_ i 10

^i."o5

0-1.05

0-1.05

o 1.0

o-i"6"

o-l.O

o 1.0

o-l.O 

o-LO

o-l.O

- .75 

.0

1 9

1 9

2.6

Feb.

""2 "4

2.6

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.5 

""o4."6

4.2

04.4 

o4 4

043

ad. 4

4.3

.......

.......

.......

o2.0

1 a

.......

Mar.

"""i.'e

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.2 

'""'»

1.0

1.1

1.0

.6

4.2

3.8

5.2

5.4 

5.6 

5.2

4.3

""3."6

2.6 

2.4

2.8 

3.4

4.4

5.4

5.6

Apr.

5.6 

5.3

4.9

4. A

3.7

3.4 

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

1.5

1.2

1.3 

.6

I O

.4 

.......

- .1

- .5 

- .75

- .9 

- .9

._,_., Q

.6

2.1

2.1

May.

2.0 

1.9

1.0

.6

.8 

.3 

.6

.5 

1 fi

3.2

4 8

5.6 

6.0

6.0 

5.0 

3.4

2.6

1.8 

1.4

" .8

.6 

.8

.6

.......

June.

0.2

-T 2

- .55

.2

.3

""i."2"

.8

.2

- .1

- .4

- .95

-1.12 

-1.20

-1.17

-1.17 

-1.17 

-1.20

- .90 

- .65

- .70 

-1.00

-1.00 

1.0

1.5

1.5

July.

1.4 

1.4

.6

- .85

- .95 

-1.15 

-1.15

-1.15

-1.20

-1.30

-1.30

-1.08

- .7

.1.

.4 "-i."6"

_ i o§

-1.15 

-1.15

-1.15 

-1.15

"-i.'is

I

on

-1.201

-1.15

-1.15

Aug.

-1.15

_ 1 30

_ 1 45

_ 1 45

-1.50

-1.50 

-1.50

_ 1 45

-1.35 

-1.45

-1.60

-1.55

-1.50

1 ^ft

-1.35 

-1.25 

-1.25

-1.25

-1.25

-i.25 

-1.25

-1.60 

 1.60

1 60

_ 1 gO

-1.50

Sept.

-1.12

, _ i no

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

------

- .8

-1.0

- .6 

.3

- .85

- .8

- .85

1 (Vf

- .9 

-1.12

-1/20

-1.30 

-1.30

-1.30 

-1.30

-1.30

1.10

-1.0

- .9

a Gage height to top of ice. 

NOTE. Discharge relation probably affected by ice about Jan. 9 to Mar. 16.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 47

t

MANISTEE RIVER NEAR SHERMAN, MICE.

Location. At North Bridge, 1 mile from Sherman, immediately above mouth of 

Wheeler Creek.

Drainage area. 900 square miles.

Records available. July 10,1903, to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Standard chain gage; read daily, morning and evening, to hundred the.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Channel and control. Probably permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 4.66 feet, at 

3.30 p. m., March 30; discharge, 2,090 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 

1.20 feet at 8.10 a. m., January 14; discharge, 637 second-feet.

Winter flow. Stream freezes over and special studies are necessary to determine the 

winter flow. The constancy of flow during year is remarkable and due to the 

fact that the water is derived from springs and ground water. A fairly close 

estimate of the discharge for the periods during which ice is present can be made 

by using climatic data and the general records.

Accuracy. No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year 

ending September 30,1914, and the accuracy of discharge estimates published in 

the following tables depends upon the constancy of the discharge relation subsequent to August 28, 1913, when the last discharge measurement was made and 

upon the constancy of the length of the gage chain and of the position of the gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Manistee River at Sherman, Mich.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1.. ............

2......-...----

4. . .......... -- 

5... ......... --

6.. ...... ......

7....-....-----

8 .

910.. ............

11..............

19

13

14..............

15.. ........... -

16..............

17... ........... 

18.. ........... - 

19.............. 

20... .... .......

21..............

99

23.. ............ 

24.............. 

25..............

26..............

27..............

28 -- - --- 

9Q

30..............

01

Oct.

955

1,070 

1,110

1,110 

1,070

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,110

1,160

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,200 

1,280 

1,330 

1,280

1,240 

1,200

1,200 

1,200 

1,200

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160 

1,160

Nov.

1,110

1,110 

1,110

1,110 

1,110

1,070

1,070

1,110

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110 

1,110 

1,240 

1,600

1,650 

1,600

1,600 

1,560 

1,460

1,370

1,280 i 9sn

1,240

1,240

Dec.

1,240

1,240 

1,240

1,200 

1,200

1,200

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,110 

1,110 

1,110 

1,110

1,070 

1,070

1,030 

1,030 

1,030

QKK

Q1Q

955

1,070

1,030 

1 * 030

Jan.

993

1,030 

1,070

1,070 

1 030

1,030

993

1,030

1,030

1,030

993

919

758

667

7SQ

995

1,070 

1,160 

1,110 

1,070

1,070 

1,070

1,070 

1,070 

1,110

J>030

flfiS

1,030

1,330

1,510 

1 ' 460

Feb.

1,280

1,240 

1,200

1,200 

1,240

1,240

1,240

1,030

852

885

919

.......

.......

.......

Mar.

.......

.......

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1 030

1,070

1,030

1,070

1,420

1,370 

1,280 

1,200 

1,160

1,110 

1,070

1,070 

1,070 

1,160

1,420

1 AfiC\

1,420

1,560

2,060

2 rtfifl

Apr.

2,010

2,010 

2,010

1,900 

1,800

1,650

1,600

1,510

1,510

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,460 

1,510 

1,560 

1,560

1,560 

1,560

1,510 

1,460 

1,370

1,460

1,560

1 600

1,700

1,700

May.

1,650

1,560 

1,510

1,460 

1,420

1,420

1,370

1,370

1,330

1,280

1,240

1,240

1,200

1,160

1,160

1,110

1,110 

1,070 

1,070 

1,070

1,110 

1,160

1,160 

1,200 

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,160

1,110

1,160 

1,111

June.

1,110

1,110 

1,110

1,160 

1,200

1,240

1,280

1,330

1 280

1,200

1,110

1,070

1,030

993

QQO

993

993 

993 

993 

955

993 

993

993 

1,070 

1,070

1,030

1,070

1,110

1,200

1,200

July.

1,200

1,160 

1,110

1,110 

1,070

1,070

1 nan

993

955

919

919

955

1,070

1,070

1,030

Wl

993 

993 

993 

955

919 

919

993 

993 

993

955

955

993

955

955 

919

Aug.

Q1Q

955

955

919

did

919

885

885

885

Q1Q

955

did

919

885

885

919

919 

1,030 

1,330 

1,370

1,330 

1,370

1,420 

1,330 

1,200

1,110

1,070

1,030

1,030

1,030 

993

Sept.

QQQ

1,030 

1,030

1,030 

1,030

1,030

993

Q01

955

955

955

955

955

955

 955

955

955 

919 

919 

919

919 

919

919 

919 

955

955

919

919

419

919

NOTE. Discharge determined from well-defined rating curve. Discharge estimated, because of ice, from 

gage heights and climatic records as follows: Feb. 12-28,1,000 second-feet; Mar. 1-5,1,050 second-feet.
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV. 

 

Monthly discharge of Manistee River at Sherman, Midi., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1914-

[Drainage area, 900 square miles.]

Mouth.

October.. . ..............................

April ...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,330 

1,650 

1,240

1,510

2,010 

1,650 

1,330

1,200 

1,420 

1,030

' 2,060

Minimum.

955 

1,070 

919

667

1,370 

1,070 

955

919

885 

919

Mean.

1,140 

1,230 

1,110

1,050 

1,050 

1,220

1,590 

1,240 

1,100

1,000 

1,040 

958

1,140

Per 

square 

mile.

1.27 

1.37 

1.23

1.17 

1.17 

1.36

1.77 

1.38 

1.22

1.11 

1.16 

1.06

1.27

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.46 

1.53 

1.42

1.35 

1.22 

1.57

1.98 

1.59 

1.36

1.28 

1.34 

1.18

17.28

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE HURON. 

AU SABLE RIVER NEAR LOVELLS, MICH.

Location. In the SE. | see. 1, T. 26 N., R. 1 W., about 900 feet below mouth of 

North Branch of Au Sable River, about 11 miles southeast of Lovells, and about 

8 miles southwest of Red Oak post office.

Drainage area. 1,000 square miles (determined by Fargo Engineering Co.).

Records available. September 11, 1908, to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Vertical staff bolted to a IJ-inch pipe driven 8 feet into bed of river, installed 

April 24, 1913, about 7 feet upstream from old vertical staff gage which was 

attached to overhanging tree on left bank and used previous to that date. Duplicate of new gage installed a few days later on right bank a short distance upstream. 

Sea-level elevation of zeros of the gages, 1,004.69 feet. Gage read morning and 

evenings to tenths.

Discharge measurements. Made from boat at section about 500 feet upstream from

Channel and control. Sand and gravel; practically permanent.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice during extremely cold weather.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum mean daily stage recorded during year: 2.4 

feet, April 1 and 2; discharge, 1,640 second-feet. Minimum mean daily stage 

recorded: 0.1 foot, August 7, 8, and 11; discharge, 547 second-feet. Minimum 

discharge may have occurred when ice was present.

Maximum mean daily stage recorded 1908-1914: 4.7 feet, May 29, 1912; discharge, 2,850 second-feet. Minimum discharge not known; probably occurred 

when ice was present.

Accuracy. As no discharge measurements were made at this station during the year 

. ending September 30, 1914, the accuracy of the estimates of discharge published 

in the following tables depends on the constancy of the discharge relation subsequent to September 2,1913, when last discharge measurement wag made.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE HURON". 49

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Au Sable River near Lovells, Mich.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

680

725

725

725

725

680

725

771

771

771

965

955

909

817

817

771

1,000

1,100

1.050

955

955

955

1,050

1,100

1,050

955

863

863

863

863

863

Nov.

817

817

817

817

817

817

771

817

817

771

771

817

817

817

817

771

8{7

817

955

1.240

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,140

1,000

955

955

955

955

955

Dec.

955

1,050

1,000

955

909

909

909

863

909

863

863

863

863 '863

817

817

817

817

817

817

817

771

771

771

771

771

771

771

771

725

725

Jan.

725

725

725

725

79 >;

725 79";

79";

725

725

725

680

725

725

680

771

771

725

725

725

725

725

863

909

909

Feb.

909

863

863

863

817

771

,

771

Mar.

680

680

680

680

680

680

680

680

635

635

680

680

771

863

817 79";

771

771

771

725

725

771

863

909

909

1,100

1,530

1,530

Apr.

i fldA

1,640

1,530

1.430

1,340

1,240

1,240

1,100

1,050

1,050

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,050

1,140

1,140

1,240

1,240

1,240

1,240

1,240

1,190

1,140

1,100

1,240

1,340

1,290

1,290

1,580

1,530

May.

1,430

1,340

1,240

1,240

1 94O

1,190

i ion

1,140

1,100

1,050

1,050

1,000

955

955

909

909

909

863

863

863

863

909

1,380

1,190

1,000

955

863

863

863

909

863

June.

863

817

771

955

955

863

955

863

863

817

771

771

725

725

680

680

680

680

680

680

680

725

725

771

771

771

863

909

863

July.

863

863

771

771

771

680

680

725

680

680

680

680

680

725

680

635

635

635

635

flQC

591

591

635

635

635

635

635

635

591

591

591

Aug.

591

591

591

591

Wl

591

547

547

591

591

547

635

635

591

635

680

680

725

863

955

955

955

955

955

989

863

817

771

725

725

725

Sept.

79";

T71

771

725

680

725

680

680

680 79";

680

680

680

680

635

635

680

635

fl9C

591

591

591

635

635

635

680

680

591

591

591

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a wall-defined rating curve. Discharge estimated, because of 

ice, from gage heights and climatic records as follows: Jan. 13-18,650 second-feet, Feb. 7-27,630 second-feet, 

and Mar. 2,3, and 5, 700 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Au Sable River near Lovells, Mich., for the year ending Sept. 80,

19U.

[Drainage area, 1*000 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,100 

1,240 

1,050

1,530

1,640 

1,430 

955

863 

955 

771

1,640

Minimum.

680 

771

725

635

1,050 

863 

680

591 

547 

591

Mean.

871 

907 

842

727 

682 

797

1,260 

1,040

788

673 

714 

664

830

Per 

square 

mile.

a 871 

.907 

.842

.727 

.682 

.797

1.26 

1.04

.788

.673 

.714 

.664

.830

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.00 

1.01 

.97

.84 

.71 

.92

1.41 

1.20

.88

.78 

.82 

.74

11.28

Aecuracy.

A. 

A. 

B.

B. 

D. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

24017° WSP 384 1C
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

TITTABAWASSEE RIVER AT FREELAND, MICH.

Location. At highway bridge at Freeland.

Drainage area. 2,530 square miles.

Becords available. August 22,1903, to August 3,1906; October 28,1906, to December 31, 1909; January 1, 1912, to September 30, 1914.

Cooperation. Estimatea of daily discharge were made and furnished by G. Sr 

Williams, consulting engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., for the yea.

- ending Sept. 30,1914.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

'll. .............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

685

675

645

663

685

702

' 718

758

832

onn

930

1,005

1,030

1,058

1,070

1,100

1,065

1,035

QQA

960

990

QQft

1,080

1,110

1,085

1,050

1,035

1,020

1,035

1,070

1,100'

Nov.

1,110

1,140

1,170

1,190

1,170

1,170

1 200

1,220

1,270

1,300

1,310

1,350

1 inn

1,270

1,230

1,200

1 91 f^

1,230

1,285

1 ^f\fl

1,535

1,825

1,600

1,480 1 ^Qft

i **xf\

1,300

1 

'

300

Dec.

1,300

1,600

1,920

2,070

2,065

2,030

2,000

2,060

i oon

1 7<V\

1,600

1 IQA

1 mn

1,390

1

qn/\

1 240

l'200

1,170

1 140

1^100

1,080

1 040 I'ooo

QOTi

ft7ft

800

755

700

680

685

fion

Jan.

700

725

833

838

863

866

928

983

QQft

1 004

928

838

764

725

718

728

750

764

831

QOQ

1.047

1,058

1,047

1,058

1,068

1,082

1 1<M

i ^on

1,618

1,722

1 

' 860

Feb.

1,805

1.760

1,678

1,627

1,593

1,522

1,579

1,570

1,522

1,441

1,482

1,517

1,550

1,583

1,623

1,608

1,532

1.394

1,320

1 244

1,201

1,193

1,201

1 919

1,224

1,201

1,201

1,201

Mar.

1,206

1,201

1,188

1,195

1,201

1,201

1,195

1,188

1,168

1,180

1,193

1,216

1,244

1,394

1,394

2,535

3,456

4,342

4,330

3,644

2,850

2,222

2,115

2,209

2,200

2,318

2,715

2,955

3,120

2,890

2,750

Apr.

2,585

2,470

2,410

2,350

2,300

2,275

2,250

2,250

2,240

2,200

2,160

2,158

1,745

1,600

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,520

1,496

1,480

1,450

1,418

1,390

1,359

1,340

1,340

1,462

1,560

1,684

1,600

May.

1,670

1,560

1,568

1,532

1,600

1,600

1,560

1,397

1,340

1,263

1,235

1,200

1,200

1,176

1,140

1,110

1,080

1,056

990

930

936

930

1,242

1,600

1,753

1,945

2,105

2,246

2,355

2,920

2,763

June.

2,504

2,400

2,238

2,001

1,785

1,670

1,480

1,263

1,098

1,020

830

845

730

658

610

592

576

566

540

540

540

550

540

566

581

827

1,182

1,308

1,600

1,833

July.

1,825

1,684

1,600

1,462

1,340

1,050

930

990

1,020

1,020

1,038

1,122

1,560

3,710

5,805

5,829

4,250

2,875

2,081

1,600

1,410

1,251

1,140

1,110

1,002

930

1,002

1,140

1,462

1,270

1,170

Aug.

1,056

1,050

1,020

990

1,020

990

960

930

930

960

990

978

960

990

990

1,014

1,080

1,316

1,985

3,100

3,150

2,929

2,902

2,884

2,754

2,835

2,817

2,673

2,520

2,400

2,277

Sept.

1,985

1,931

2,001

2,025

1,985

1,913

1,745

1,600

1,488

1,308

1,474

1,340

1,235

1,140

1,110

1,080

1,098

1,686

1,056

1,038

1,020

1,020

1,050

1,038

1,020

1,020

1,008

1,017

1,038

1,122

Monthly discharge of Tittabawassee River at Freelands, Mich., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1914.

[Drainage area, 2,530 square miles.)

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,110 

1,825 

2,070

1,860 

1,805 

4,342

2,585 

2,920 

2,504

5,829 

3,150 

2,025

5,829

Minimum.

645 

1,110

680

700 

1,193 

1,168

1,340 

930 

540

930 

930

1,008

540

Mean.

938 

1,300 

1,320

995 

1,450 

2,100

1,820 

1,520 

1,120

1,800 

1,720 

1,330

1,450

Per 

square 

mile.

a 371

.514 

.522

.393

.573 

.830

.719 

.601 

.443

.711

.680 

.526

.573

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.43 

.57 

.60

.45 

.60 

.96

.80 

.69 

.49

.82 

.78 

.59

7.78
SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV. 51 

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE. 

HURON RIVER AT DEXTER, MICH.

Location. At the highway bridge at Dexter, one-fourth mile below mouth of Mill 

Creek.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Records available. September 1, 1904, to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Standard chain attached to bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to halftenths. Limits of use: Hundredths below 0.5 foot, half-tenths from 0.5 to 1.5, 

and tenths above 1.5 feet.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat several hundred feet below gage or 

from bridge.

Channel and control. The high water that carried out the gage on March 12,1908, 

caused permanent change in bed of river; a email headrace runs to an abandoned 

mill on left bank; at ordinary stages little or no water flows into this headrace 

but at high stages a small quantity of water may pass through it around the gage.

Extremes of stage. Maximum stage recorded during year: 4.2 feet, at 7 a. m., 

May 13. Minimum stage recorded: 0.3 foot, at 5. p. m., August 23.

Winter flow. Little ice forms at this section; current swift.

Cooperation. Gage height record furnished by Eastern Michigan Edison Co., 

Washtenaw division, Ann Arbor.

No discharge measurements were made at this station in year ending September 30, 

1914.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Huron River at Dexter, Mich., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

[D. M. Litchfield, observer.]

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

-0.25

- .20

- .20

- .22

- .25

- .20

- .18

- .22

 .22

- .22

- .18

- .20

-.30

- .18

- .20

- .20

- .20

- .15

- .12

- .12

- .12

- .08

- .02

.05

.00

.00

.05

.20

.22

.20 

.12

Nov.

0.15

.15

.10

.10

.05

.02

.02

.00

.02

.02

.02

.08

.18

.25

.28

.25

.20

.22

.32

.45

.42

.35

.30

.30

.28

.22

.22

.28

.32

.38

Dec.

0.5

.55

.5

.48

.45

.48

.5

.42

.38

.35

.32

.30

.30

.30

.28

.25

.22

.20

.20

.20

.18

.12

.10

.10

.10

.10

.05

.00

.00

.05 

.05

Jan.

0.02

.00

.00

.10

.05

.05

.02

.00

.05

.05

- .05

- .05

.32

.28

.05

- .02

- .02

.08

.00

- .02

- .02

.00

.05

.42

,5

.45

.42

.48

.6

.65 

.6

Feb.

0.5

.45

.5

.6

.65

.6

.55

.5

.65

.9

.7

.9

1.0

LO

.55.

.48

.30

.38

.35

.50

4n

.28

.6

.5

.6

.6

.12

- .02

.......

Mar.

-0.02

.55

.55

.15it

.12

.20

.20

.22

.18

oo

.22

.38

.6

.8

.9

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.6

.55

.6

1.1

1.8

1.8

1.7 

1.6

Apr.

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.6 i t

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.1

1.1

.9

.8

.7

.7

.6

.5

.48

4n

.38

.30

.28

.6

.9

LO

1.1

1.2

1.3

May.

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.05

.95

OK

1.05

1.0

1.1

3.5

4.1

1 4

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.5

9 1

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.35

1.2

IrO

.9

.8

.7

.6 

.5

June.

0.48

.38

.354n

.42

.38

.35

.38

.30

.32

OO

.20

.18

.10

.05

- .02

- .10

- .15

- .12

- .20

- .15

- .08

.00

- .02

- .10

- .10

- .02

.20

.18

.12

July.

0.15

.20

.20

.15

.18

19

.10

.10

00

- .02

- .05

- .05

.00

.65

.8

.7

.6

.5

.45

.38

.32

.28

.22

.20

.20

.12

it

.00

.00

 .02 

 .10

Aug.

-0.10

- .18

- .18

- .20

- .20

 99.

- .22

- .22

- .25

- .22

- .15

- .20

- .18

_ 10

- .10

- .15

- .10

- .12

- .15

- .10

__ 1C

- .25

 .28

- .15

- .15

- .18

-»k it

- .12

- .02

- .05 

- .05

Sept.

0.15

.38

.38

.30

.22

.42

.48

.48

.45

.45

.42

.40

.45

.42

.30

.25

.20

.12

.05

.05

.00

.02

.02

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

NOTE. Discharge relation probably affected by ice Jan. 11-18, and Feb. 9 to Mar. 9.
52 SUEFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

HUEON EIVER AT BAETON, HIGH.

Location. At dam and power plant of the Eastern Michigan Edison Co. at Barton, 

near Ann Arbor, 4 miles above the station at Geddes.

Drainage area. 723 square miles.1

Records available. January 1 to September 30, 1914.

Determination of discharge. Flow computed from records of operation of power 

plant, the flow through under-sluices during floods, and the depth of flow over 

dam. The turbines were calibrated by a specially constructed weir, the crest 

of which was formed by a J-inch by 5-inch milled plate; discharge over the 

weir was computed by Bazin's formula for free overflow. The greater part of 

the flood water passes through under-sluices in the power-house foundations, 

and this flow is determined from a weir calibration of the sluices. Water flows 

over crest of dam only a few days during the year.

Cooperation. Estimates of daily discharge made and furnished by G. S. Williams, 

consulting engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Huron River at Barton, Mich., from Jan. 1 to Sept. SO,

1914.

Day.

1. ..........................

2. ........................ --

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

g

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Jan.

270

294

308

281

294

303

272

251

290

298

249

203

227

220

264

253

271

275

285

298

300

303

303

503

478

507

570

555

648

630

625

Feb.

508

491

542

609

605

542

680

249

331

416

420

383

370

365

01 Q

QQA

335

321

309

296

270

268

9on

264

283

292

277

Mar.

297

248

318

324

286

317

413

371

379

353

407

416

416

515

649

744

787

764

780

704

684

667

628

612

588

623

846

1,438

1,337

1,340

1,264

Apr.

1,266

1,546

1,780

1,355

1,033

1,100

1,026

1,137

983

899

832

794

760

728

701

660

1QQ

583

VII

524

556

QYftl

463

423

600

742

809

829

974

1,023

May.

993

978

921

892

874

842

785

808

852

810

883

2,881

3,266

2,725

2,263

2,173

2,177

2,036

1,772

1,570

1,345

1,193

1,051

1,002

906

796

809

705

626

544

594

June.

542

512

431

480

490

473

476

478

468

428

404

371 363'

317

305

253

195

203

212

191

200

228

256

235

235

227

289

390

300

July.

335

341

332

361

348

329

313

304

281

229

232

216

1 286

589

642

566

517

471

465

446

426

404

387

368

319

302

305

278

244

Aug.

140

260

223

161

195

189

185

195

171

239

200

200

209

007

239

227

192

231

189

160

197

209

286

167

133

194

97(1

233

304

Sept.

409

451

428

441

457

4Q9

519

542

503

513

515

506

438

4OT

OQO

372

357 *MO

331

315

311

314

309

313

294

278

277

282

278

1 Reported by G. S. Williams.
STREAMS TEIBUTAEY TO LAKE EBIE. 53

Monthly discharge of Huron River at Barton, Mich., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1914-

[Drainage area, 723 square miles.]

Month.

March..................... ................ .

April..........................................

May.. .........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

648 

680 

1,438

1,780 

3,266 

642

642 

304 

542

Minimum.

203 

249

248

391 

644 

191

216 

133

277

Mean.

349 

382 

630

854 

1,293 

343

372 

208 

394

Per 

square 

mile.

a 482 

.528

.871

1.18 

1.79 

.474

.514

.288 

.545

Run-off 

(depth la 

inches 

on drainage area).

a se

.55 

1.00

1.32 

2.06 

.53

.59 

.33 

.61

HURON RIVER AT GEDDES, MICH.

Location. At dam and power plant of the Eastern Michigan Edison Co., at Geddes 

half a mile above mouth of Fleming Creek.

Drainage area. 757 square miles.

Records available. February 1, 1904, to September 30, 1914.

Determination of discharge. Flow of the river at station computed from records 

of the operation of the power plant and records of depth of flow over dam. The 

turbines have not been rated in place and the flow through them is computed 

from a Holyoke test of the type mounted. The dam is a rock-filled, timber 

cribbed structure with a board and somewhat uneven crest. It is subject to 

leakage, which was not feasible of measurement.

Accuracy. As the turbines have not been rated in place, and on account of leakage 

and irregularities in the dam, estimates of flow as computed from the available 

data may be somewhat in error. The mean flow from January 1 to September 

30, 1914, computed for this station is slightly less than that for the same period 

for the station at Barton. Estimates of flow prepared for the latter station are 

more reliable, as they are based on special calibrations of the turbines and sluices. 

A comparison of the estimates in the following tables with those for the station 

at Barton will make it possible to determine a correction factor applicable to the 

past records for the station at Geddes.

Cooperation. Estimates of daily discharge were made and furnished by G. S. 

Williams, consulting engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Huron River at Geddes, Mich.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1914.

Day.

i..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8.........:....

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22...........

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..........

29........... .

30..............

31..............

Oct.

172

198

203

197

183

174

207

203

193

199

215

200

173

183

210

215

223

231

236

236

257

252

294

307

288

303

340

369

406

387

Nov.

380

301

36J

419

360

319

308

292

274

313

304

330

308

414

406

420

AfiA

one

JOK

451

4 on

AAf\

437

dtK

456

399

A CO

4AQ

449

Dec.

591

601

623

572

540

542

509

655

586

422

510

473

480

480

496

470

ooe

476

459

439

430

590

460

Af\4

CArt

321

QOe

QED

OAQ

qqo

049

Jan.

286

336

316

340

310

323

345

342

313

301

291

268

177

218

195

91 a

134

264

340

OKA

qi 7

qirt

268

475

AA/)

570

475

COQ

659

648 fff\

Feb.

539

581

551

670

613

558

KQ.O

339

280

470

426

463

388

400

tm

319

361

365

353

346

IWl

^17

298

326

292

332

Q*>i

OKO

Mar.

319

274

338

324

315

333

415

377

356

382

501

393

438

541

A47

718

734

71 *\

723

667

650

661

601

600

562

605

1,005

1 <*S1

1,379

1,381

1,288

Apr.

1,247

1,293

1,395

1,044

926

930

1,083

1,085

1.024

1^031

778

915

842

700

659

617

615

501

527

504

V7Ck

S4Q

CQQ

AKn

488

671

748

791

895

924

May.

880

882

1,029

973

1,012

876

760

886

919

887

1,094

2,954

2,581

2,450

2,030

1,863

1,852

1,723

1,555

1,444

1,299

1,199

1,136

1,102

918

818

776

718

719

580

596

June.

650

447

430

480

458

316

400

449

504

387

360

333

353

295

310

268

332

158

88

186

143

331

193

178

168

176

974

400

296

281

July.

337

325

327

324

356

309

295

278

255

257

270

195

279

488

576

577

566

486

386

411

390

379

382

364

324

329

329

277

264

218

235

Aug.

208

154

227

218

156

164

170

196

164

165

202

170

200

206

213

177

226

197

244

219

185

167

178

213

171

260

137

182

258

239

271

Sept.

386

406

422

420

420

490

475

508

448

446

468

474

396

390

391

. 386

362

401

329

382

265

341

267

319

289

288

288

260

266

262

Monthly discharge of Huron River at Geddes, Mich., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 757 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

November......................... . .........

December. ....................................

February. .....................................

March.........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

406 

456 

655

659 

670 

1,381

1,395 

2,954 

650

577 

271 

508

2,954

Minimum.

172 

274 

269

134 

280 

274

349

580

88

195 

137

260

88

Mean.

244 

384 

470

355 

411 

633

807 

1,240 

321

348 

198 

375

483

Per 

square 

mile.

0.322 

.507 

.621

.469 

.543 

.836

1.07

1.64 

.424

.460 

.262 

.495

.638

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.37

.57 

.72

.54 

.57 

.96

1.19 

1.89 

.47

.53 

.30

.55

8.66

NOTE. See "Accuracy" in station description.

HURON RIVER AT PLAT ROCK, MICH.

Location. At the highway bridge at Flat Eock, 2,000 feet below the crossing of

Detroit, Toledo & Iron ton Railway. 

Drainage area. 1,000 square miles.
STEEAMS TBIBtTTARY TO LAKE ERIE. 55

Records available. August 6,1904, to September 30,1914.

Gage. Staff; read daily, morning and evening, to tenths. Limits of use: Halftenths below and tenths above 1.5 feet.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Channel and control. Probably permanent.

Extremes of stage. Maximum stage recorded during year: 9.4 feet, at 7 a. m., May 

14. Minimum stage recorded: 0.6 foot, at 4.45 p. m., June 21.

Winter flow. Ice jams form below the station and cause backwater at the gage; 

in general the section above the station is kept open by the power plant.

Regulation. At ordinary stages flow of the river is controlled by a dam and power 

plant immediately above station, but operation of this plant is assumed to have 

little effect on diurnal fluctuations of stage.

Cooperation. Gage-height record furnished by Eastern Michigan Edison Co., 

Washtenaw division, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1914.

[C. L. Melter, observer.]

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

11

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 11

Oct.

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.35

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.1

1.05

1.45

1.8

1.25

1.1

1.6

1.15

1.3

1.3 

1.15

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.4

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.2

Nov.

2.1

2 1

.85

1.9

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1 4

1.4

1.9

1 ft

2.0

2.0

2 9

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2 

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.4

Dec.

2 7

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.8

2

0

2

O

9 A

9 fi

9 A

2 A

9 4

2.5

2.2

2 9

2.1

2.0

2 A

1.8 

2.2

2.2

2.0

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.0

2.2

9 ft

Jan.

2.0

1.8

1.6

2.1

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 Q

1.8

1.8

1.6

1 8

9 4.

2.2

1.6

5s ft

2.0

1 Q

2 fl

2 fl

1 Q

2.6

9 ft

2 4

3.5

3.5

3.3 i i

3.8

4.0

A 9

Feb.

3.2

3.0

3.3

3.5

3.0

3.4

3.4

2 ft

3.6

3.2

Q A.

4.0

3.6

3.1

3 A.

2

Q

2

O

2

f»

2.7

2 ft

2.5

2.3 

2.5

9 4

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.5

Mar.

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.8

2.6

3.0

q 4

3.4

o 9

Q A

0 0

3

0

0 Q

A Q

1 Q

4.0

3

0

9 0

3.7

3.6

Q A

°. 4

3.2

3.3

3.5

4 4

6.4

6.3

6.0

Apr.

5.8

5.7

5.9

5.9

6.0

5.8

5.0

4.9

4.7

A O

q o

A 9

9. ft

3.7

3 4

3.4

3 A

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.8 

2.6

2.6

3,1

3.4

3.7

9. Q

4.2

4.5

May.

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.1

4^9

4.6

-4.4

4.6

7 9

8.6

9 9

o «

ft A

7.7

7

0

7.2

7.0

6.6

6.2

5.8

5.2

A ft

4.6

4.2

A 9

3.8

3.5

3

0

June.

3.2

3.6

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.9

2.4

2 A.

2.4

2 A

9 A

9 Q

9 9

2.2

2

9

1 Q

2 A

2

O

1 Q

1.0

.6

1.1 

2.4

1.8

1 4

1.5

1.45

1.6

2.3

2.0

July.

2.0

2.2

2 2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.0

9 ft

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.3

2 1

3 A

3.7

3.4

^ i

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.4

o o

2.4

2.2

2.4

1.6

2.2

1.6

1.7

1 C

Aug.

1.45

1.4

1.1

1.45

1.3

L15

.95

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.3

1 7

1.35

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.8

1.6 

1.4

1.0

1.5

1.3

1.7

1.25

1.7

MT 8

Sept.

1.8

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.1

2.9

2.8

O ft

9 ft

2.4

2 a

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0 

2 1

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

NOTE. Observer took no notes relative to ice. Discharge relation probably affected by ice about Feb. 

9 to Mar. 5.

CATTARAUGUS CREEK AT VERSAILLES, N. Y.

Location. On a three-span highway bridge in the village of Versailles, about 6 miles

below Gowanda, and about 8 miles above mouth of stream; 2J miles above mouth

of Clear Creek. - . , .,.

Drainage area. 467 square miles. (Measured on Post Route map.) -- 

Records available. September 23,1910, to September 30,1914. Data published

also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and the State of

New York Conservation Commission.
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Gage. Chain fastened to the upstream side of bridge; read daily, about 9 a. m. 

and 6 p. m., to quarter-tenths. Gage reader, James Palmer.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Channel and control. Rock and gravel; occasionally shifting.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 9.7 feet at 8.30 

a. m., March 28; discharge approximately 13,600 second-feet. Minimum stage 

recorded: 4.7 feet at 6.30 p. m., August 8; discharge, 60 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1910-1914: 11.6 feet at 5.40 p. m., March 25, 1913; 

discharge, approximately 30,000 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 4.65 feet, 

August 21 and September 6 and 7, 1913; discharge, 55 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; observations discontinued.

Accuracy. Rating curve well defined. Estimates fairly good.

Discharge measurements of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

Oct. 31

Mar. 31

Aug. 22

Made by 

C. S. DeGolyer.........

Gage

Feet. 

5.19

6.61

5.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

287

2.350

318

Date.

Sept. 30

30

Made by 

C. S. DeGolyer.........

E. D. Burchard........

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

5.21

4.92

4.94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

277

129

Daily di , in second-feet, of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., for the year 

ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1........ .....

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25.

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

118

135

224

180

158

158

107

118

118

107

118

180

208

158

158

135

118

135

158

268

338

418

479

576

660

536

392

300

287

300

287

Nov.

300

315

315

338

300

248

208

180

418

1,700

718

576

1,340

1,340

875

555

460

418

443

1,840

1,340

555

392

338

300

287

287

300

268

248

Dec.

248

248

248

248

248

248

248

300

248

268

248

224

287

338

338

360

315

287

2g7

287

287

287

360

576

536

418

338

287

338

287

Jan.

277

277

360

345

277

315

315

345

443

875

508

300

280

4,630

3,980

2,700

Feb.

1,600

1,110

862

1,600

1,340

968

375

300

Mar.

4,630

3,370

2,820

1,700

1,340

1,060

660

576

576

1,260

8,440

9,640

11,200

3,370

2,820

1,900

Apr.

1,600

3,980

2,570

1,700

1,340

1,150

1,260

5,320

1,900

1,510

1,900

2,330

1,510

1,150

1,030

2,000

1,510

918

960

890

QIC

918

1,000

918

960

1,150

960

619

619

588

May.

515

418

367

367

2,000

2,700

1,180

392

6,050

5,320

6,050

7,640

6,050

2,110

1,340

918

736

619

556

455

435

392

418

392

350

350

367

350

1,340

588

June.

350

294

280

435

619

367

336

280

268

232

209

220

192

192

176

176

165

176

232

192

192

165

165

165

145

133

157

165

176

July.

157

165

165

145

113

125

117

125

108

97

on

90

117

145

133

117

1OC

125

117

90

90

133

97

90

108

90

97

90

97

Aug.

90

97

90

90

97

90

on

66

75

on

176

133

108

118

125

118 1915

157

535

ooo

315

220

220

1,900

1,030

435

250

367

455

485

315

Sept.

1,260

700

960

COG

336

280

232

220

176

176

176

176

157

145

ire

157

133

133

133

133

125

133

209

157

118

97

125

125

NOTE. Dafly discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 4.500second-feet. Discharge 

estimated, because of ice, by comparison with records on Genesee Kiver and Little Tonawanda Creek as 

follows: Jan. 14-27,227 second-feet; Feb. 9-28,210 second-feet; Mar. 1-15,171 second-feet.
STEEAMS TEIBT7TAEY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 57

Monthly discharge of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1914.

[Drainage area, 467 square miles.]

Month.

October. ............................

November ...........................

December.. . ............................

January... . ..........................

February. . .............................

March _ ............ .... . ...

April.................................

June....................... .. .....

July....................................

September ..............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

660 

1,700 

576

8,640

1 600

5,320 

7,640 

619

165 

1,900 

1,260

11,200

Minimum.

107 

180 

224

588 

350 

133

90 

66

97

66

Mean.

246 

557 

307

903 

441 

1,870

1,510 

1,650 

234

117

280 

266

701

Per 

square 

mile.

0.53 

1.19 

.66

1.93 

.944 

4.00

3.23 

3.53 

.501

.251

.600 

.570

1.50

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.61 

1.33

.76

2.23 

.98 

4.61

3.60 

4.07 

.56

.29 

.69

.64

20.37

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

C. 

B.

A.* 

A. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 

LITTLE TONAWANDA CEEEK AT LINDEN, N. Y.

Location. At the stone-arch highway bridge in the village of Linden, 600 feet northeast of Erie Railroad station, and 3 miles above junction with Tonawanda Creek.

Drainage area. 22.0 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

Records available. July 8,1912, to September 30, 1914. Data published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and the State of New 

York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Vertical staff on right-hand upstream abutment of bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to half-tenths. Gage reader, C. L. Schenck.

Discharge measurements. High-water measurements made from a cable and car 

1,000 feet above weir; low-water measurements made by wading above weir.

Channel and control. A standard Francis weir 2.01 feet long and 8 inches high has 

been constructed under upstream side of bridge. When the water overtops this 

weir it flows over a 2-inch plank about 13 feet long (including the 2 feet of weir). 

Weir carried away by floating tree March 25, 1913, and replaced June 20, 1913.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 7.97 feet at 6p.m., 

March 26; discharge, approximately 1,000 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 

0.18 foot at 8 a. m. and 6 p. m., October 8; discharge, 0.43 second-foot.

Maximum stage recorded 1912-1914: 8.08 feet with the weir in its damaged condition at noon, March 25,1913; discharge, approximately 1,300 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.18 foot, August 20 and 21, September 14 to 16, and Octo- 

> ber 8, 1913; discharge, 0.43 second-foot.

Accuracy. Accuracy of data for stages below 0.70 foot when flow is confined to weir 

is that of a properly constructed Francis weir. For stages above gage height 0.69 

foot, the weir has been rated with a current-meter, and data for such stages should 

also be excellent.
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. V.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

Aug. 6

21

Made by 

C. S. DeGolyer ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.27

.66

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

f\ o A

3.14

Date.

Aug. 21

Made by height.

Feet. 

0.792

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5.57

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30,1914.

Day.

fc.. ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

"31..............

Oct.

0.59

.59

.55

.55

.51

.51

.51

.43

.43

.51

.63

.68

.51

.51

.55

.55

.59

.59

1.07

.82

AQ

^O

.82

1 19

1.07

Aft

&7

.77

.91

.87

Nov.

0.82

.77

.82

.87

.77

.77

.77

.77

2.72

8.4

1 O

2.79

Q (17

4.1

0 Q

3.21

3.07

9 03

3.6

19.1

9 7

8.1

7.2 -6.6

ft O

6.1

5.6

4 6

4.2

4 2

Dec.

4.1

3.7

1 O

3.9

3.7

3.48

q A

5.6

3.9

4.1

q AQ

^ O

5.6 7 <;

6.6

5.3

5.1

4.2

3 Q

3.7

4

0

6.1

7.2

5.3

A 9

K q

4.4 i ^

Jan.

5.1

4.6

4.6

5.1

5.1

1 Q

5.6

6.1

7

O

to

19

O 7

9 A

9 7

8.4

8.4

0 7

9 0

9 n

9 0

9 n

9 ci

8.4

11

14

16

16

87

302

ooq

63

Feb.

Af\

q/|

29

oq

41

9A,

OQ

10

iq

14

12

U9 4

9 0

9 0

9 0

o 7

o 7

8.7

8.1

7.8

7

0

7

0

7

O

6.6

6.6

6.6

7

0

Mar.

0 A

4.6

7

0

7 9

7

Q

7.2

7.5

7 9

6.6

6.6

6.9

6.6

7

0

1ft

235

126

K-t

55

55

47

38

QE

79

584

516

436

187

1QQ

122

Apr.

01

274

126

67

59

47

63

ooc

01

QK

164

108

67

55

51

144

67

51

47

41

36

29

99

18

10

37

28

99

22

26

26

May.

10

15

1°.

12

235

187

59

47

144

55

A1

91

1QQ

87

47

35

26

21

18

15

13

19

13

10

9 n

8.4

1(3

9

7.8

O 7

7.2

June.

6.1

5.6

4.6

12

9.4

6.6

6.1

5.6

4.6

4.1

3.7

3.48

3.14

3.00

2.86

2.93

2.65

2.51

3.21

3.7

3.14

2.93

6.4

3.07

2.45

2.25

2.38

2.45

2.25

2.32

July.

2.12

3.07 d R

2.79

2.38

2.12

1.99

1.87

1.81

1 74

1.62

1.56

1.62

1.62

1.68

1.62

1.62

1.68

1.23

1.17

1.07

1.07

1 28

1.51

1.17

1.07

1.28

1.17

1.07

1.01

.96

Aug.

n 01

.96

1.07

.87

.77

.87

.87

.68

.63

.77

.87

.77

.77

.91

.77

.68

.72

.87

3.60

2.79

4.4

d Q

2.38

62.

9.7

5.1

3.7

3.07

9.0

11.1

6.1

Sept.

4.4

19.1

9

4

36.6

11.8

7.8

6.4

5.6

4.2

3.9

3.7

3.60

3.21

2.93

2.72

2.51

2.38

2.32

2.25

2.12

2.05

1.99

1.93

2.25

2.12

1.93

2.12

1.87

1.87

1.99

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from well-denned rating curve.
STBEAMS TBIBUTABTf TO LAKE ONTABIO. 59

Monthly discharge of Little Tonawanda flreek at Linden, N. T., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1914.

[Drainage area, 22.0 square miles.!)

Month.

March ...

April...................... ..............

May.....................................

June....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.12 

19.1 

7.5

302 

83

584

235 

235 

12

46 

62 

36.6

584

Minimum^

0.43

.77 

3.48

4.6 

6.6 

4.6

18 

7.2 

2.25

.96 

.63 

1.87

.43

Mean.

0.672 

4.34 

4.71

29.5 

16.8 

96.6

73.4 

47.7 

4.18

1.69 

4.60 

5.23

24.2

Per 

square 

mile.

0.031 

.197 

.214

L34 

.764 

439

3.34 

2.17 

.190

.077 

.209 

.238

1.10

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.04 

.22 

.25

1.54 

.80 

5.06

3.73

2.60 

.21

.09 

.24 

.26

1494

%

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

GENESEE KIVEK AT ST. HELENA, N. Y.

Location. At the steel highway bridge ait village of St. Helena, about 6 miles above 

the mouth of Silver Lake outlet, 9£ miles above Canaseraga Creek, and 5| miles 

below village of Portageville and the site of proposed storage dam of State of 

New York Conservation Commission.

Drainage area. 1,030 square miles.

Records available. August 14, 1908, to September 30, 1914. (Published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.)

Gage. Chain fastened to the upstream side of the bridge; read twice daily to hundredths. Gage reader, Herman Piper! Since August 24,1911, Gurley water-stage 

recorder, with intake pipe to the well j a few feet downstream from the chain gage. 

In September, 1914, the intake pipe was extended about 27 feet to the first bridge 

pier from the left bank. Datum same as that of chain gage, but slope of water surface makes readings different.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge or by wading.

Channel and control. Gravel and rocks; occasionally shitting.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 9.73 feet at 

2 a. m., March 29; discharge, 21,600 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.70 

feet at 5 p. m., October 5, and 8 a. m., October 17; 'discharge, approximately 

18 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1908-1914: 12.0 feet at 8 a. m., March 26, 1913; discharge, approximately 37,800 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.70 feet 

at 5 p. m., October 5, and 8 a. m., October 17,1913; discharge, approximately 18 

second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation slightly affected by ice; determination of winter 

discharge good when frequent discharge measurements are made.

Accuracy. Records good. Automatic gage records eliminate error caused by diurnal 

fluctuations due to operation of mill above station.
60 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191i, PAET IV.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1914.

Date.

Oct. 30 

Jan. 10 

28 

Feb. 14 

Mar. 6 

18 

19 

19 

29 

29 

30

Made by 

R.S.Bames. ..........

W.S. Easterly.........

.....do..................

C. S. De Golyer........

C.C. Covert... .........

C.S.De Golyer........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height."

Feet. 

2.93 

2.92 

3.58 

2.80 

C3.92 

C6.00 

C4.62 

C4.55 

C8.88 

c7.69 

C6.98

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

487 

544 

6985 

389 

6258 

5,450 

2,310 

2,310 

16,800 

11,200 

8,300

Date.

June 8 

9 

Aug. 6 

6 

20 

25 

Sept. 21 

25 

25 

26

Made by 

C. S. De Golyer........

C.H. Pierce............

.....do..................

C.S.De Golyer........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage

Feet. 

3.06 

3.06 

2.07 

2.07 

2.68 

3.78 

2.28 

2.43 

2.37 

2.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

520 

530 

85 

83 

285 

1,220 

134 

176 

151 

102

a From automatic gage except as noted. 6 Backwater from ice. Chain gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River at St. Helena, .JV. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30,1914.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

10

20..............

21..............

22..............

00

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

on

3ft

31... ...........

Oct.

69

64

114

109

20

111

103

76

36

92

56

132

178

90

69

85

56

100

29

161

201

263

268

200

287

344

1,170

692

460

415

415

Nov.

372

327

302

333

273

249

235

222

355

4,360

1,950

1,180

966

1,330

1 **f»rt

1,160

977

890

791

1,040

1,030

860

701

638

588

532

488

447

415

402

Dec.

408

378

360

355

344

322

322

360

372

349

384

384

372

390

474

467

396

366

344

273

302

302

317

360

588

474

ifift

328

QJO

' 372

401

Jan.

317

333

250

250

296

338

287

117

338 -468

773

764

EEC

548

514

624

586

480

418

514

437

424

586

624

586

666

850

1,120

5 ORO

10,600

5,680

Feb.

5,940

9 oon

2,450

4 680

9'oon

1,840

1,710

1,220

666

624

586

548

480

372

430

468

424

430

372

360

480

480

449

548

430

372

Mar.

548

455

372

406

349

258

178

282

237

258

297

250

268

237

306

514

6,590

6,290

2,700

1,870

1,440

1,310

1,070

960

1,310

10,080

15,400

22,000 10 nnn

8,900

7,860

Apr.

4,920

8,200

4,670

3,490

2,700

2,350

2,020

11,200

6,000

4,180

4,920

5,180

3,280

2,520

2 QKA

8,200

4,670

3,080

2,520

1,950

2,180

1,870

1,720

1,310

1,070

1,310

1,650

1,310

1,070

1,070

May^

910

770

680

638

1,720

9,630

3,940

2,890

8,550

4,920

3,080

5,450

19,000

8,200

4,420

3,080

2,350

1,870

1,650

1,250

1,020

860

815

680

638

595

815

1,070

860

770

595

June.

450

362

317

638

770

520

373

450

520

376

290

260

236

202

211

188

177

166

173

213

176

198

. 183

150

150

173

206

144

163

159

July.

176

170

125

133

92

142

122

122

79

122

74

94

122

80

102

130

72

107

90

124

92

SO

94

114

133

104

130

133

100

102

57

Aug.

122

75

130

50

102

82

96

OR

100

100

122

110

100

100

98

94

90

102

166

322

1,250

1,060

560

987

1,260

632

389

295

295

300

312

Sept.

260

1,810

3,290

1,640

1,080

656

485

O7A

300

255

224

206

177

. 188

166

147

138

110

120

118

122

118

104

115

118

118

104

138

108

122

NOTE. Daily discharge, except as noted below, determined from well-denned rating curves. New 

rating curve used since Mar. 17,1914. Discharge estimated, because of ice, Jan. 1-28 and Feb. 21 to Mar. 

16. Automatic gage record, except Oct. 1-23, Dec. 28 to Jan. 10, Jan. 15-27, Jan. 31 to June 9, and June 20 

to Aug. 6, when intake pipe of the automatic gage was clogged, was used in the determination of daily discharge estimates. Records for the period when the automatic gage was not working properly were obtained 

from the chain gage.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 61

Monthly discharge ofGenesee River at St. Helena, N. T"., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1914.

[Drainage area, 1,030 square miles.]

Month.

January . .................................

March....

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,170 

4,360

588

10,600 

5,940 

22,000

11,200 

19,000 

770

176 

1,260 

3,290

22,000

Minimum.

20 

222 

273

250 

360

178

1,070 

595 

144

57 

50 

104

20

Mean.

208 

832 

373

1,180 

1,190 

3,450

3,430 

3,020

286

110 

310 

430

1,230

Per 

square 

mile.

0.202 

.808 

.362

1.15 

1.16 

3.35

3.33 

2.93

.278

.107 

.301

.417

1.19

Run-off 

(depth IB 

inches OH 

drainage 

area).

0.23 

.90 

.42

1.33 

1.21 

3.86

3.72 

3.38 

.31

.12 

.35 

.47

16.30

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A.

B. 

B. 

A.

A. 

A. 

B.

B. 

A. 

A.

GBNBSEE RIVER AT JONES BRIDGE, NEAR MOUNT MORRIS, N. Y.

Location. At the highway bridge known as Jones Bridge, about 5 miles below the 

village of Mount Morris, 6 miles by river above the village of Geneseo, If miles 

below inflow of Canaseraga Creek, and about If miles above the mouth of Beads 

Creek.

Drainage area. 1,410 square miles.

Records available. May 22, 1903, to April 30, 1906; August 12, 1908, to April 30, 

1914, when station was discontinued. Data also published in annual reports of 

the State engineer and surveyor and the State of New York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Chain fastened to upstream side of highway bridge; read daily, at about 

6 a. m. and 6 p. m., to quarter-tenths. Gage reader, T. S. Trewer.

Discharge measurements. Made from footbridge erected on the outriggers of the 

bridge.

Channel and control. Sandy clay; likely to shift, but measurements indicate that 

it has been fairly permanent in recent years.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 27.1 feet at 10 

p.m., March 28; discharge, 18,800 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1903-1914: 27.6 feet at 10.30 a. m., March 26, 1913; 

discharge, 19,300 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 2.7 feet at 6 p. m., 

August 29,1909; discharge, approximately 18 second-feet.

Winter flow. -Discharge relation affected by ice; observations discontinued; flow 

determined by comparison with records of the Genesee at Rochester and at 

St. Helena.

Accuracy. Records for open-water periods good.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year ending 

September 30, 1914.
62

Daily du

SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

, in second-feet, of Genesee River at Jones Bridge near Mount Moms, 

N. T.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1914.

Day.

1. ......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

Oct.

98

106

102

136

138

148

198

198

260

148

124

124

277

260

228

Nov.

179

572

484

442

402

422

Wtft

910

4,870

2,400

1,910

1,670

1,450

1,620

Dec.

572

572

528

484

484

484

484

484

528

484

KOQ

550

572

550

641

Mar. Apr.

9

QA(\

9,570

9,060

5,720

4,100

3,190

2,790

- 9,310

10,900

6,760

7,270

7,100

5,170

3,680

3,050

Day.

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

97

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

Oct.

213

134

148

143

198

346

383

422

422

364

484

710

860

810

664

572

Nov.

1,230

1,120

1,120

1,060

1,010

1,010

1,060

810

810-

810

687

687

664

618

595

Dec.

687

572

528

484

484

484

484

422

664

618

Mar.

1,500

2,660

8,720

1 f\ *U"lfl

17,900

14,300

Apr.

8,040

7,270

4,800

3,610

3 9fin

2,920

2,530

2,150

1,790

1,500

1,790

3

(V3f\

1,790

1,560

1 d-ttfl

NOTE. Discharge determined from fairly well-defined rating curve. Discharge, Mar. 1-23, estimated 

because of ice, from records of the Genesee at St. Helena and Rochester, at 1,660 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at Jones Bridge near Mount Morris, N. Y'.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1914-

[Drainage area, 1,410 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

Discharge In second-feet.

Maximum.

860 

4,870 

687 

18,000

10,900

Minimum.

98 

402 

422

1,450

Mean.

304 

1,060 

529

4,280 

4,800

Per 

square 

mile.

0.216 

.752 

.375 

3.04 

3.41

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

a25 

.84 

.43 

3.50 

3.80

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

A.

GENESEE RIVER AT ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Location. At Elmwood Avenue Bridge, at the north end of South Park, 3J miles 

above the center of the city of Rochester, 3J miles below mouth of Black Creek, 

and 7J miles above mouth of river.

Drainage area. 2,360 square miles.

Records available. February 9,1904, to September 30,1914. Fragmentary records 

for previous periods published in water-supply papers 24, 65, and 97. Data also 

published in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and 

 State of New York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Gurley water-stage recorder in the pumphouse immediately below bridge 

on right bank. Prior to December, 1910, a staff gage bolted to downstream end 

of first pier from right abutment was read once daily. Elevation of zero of gage, 

506.848 feet, Barge canal datum, and 245.591 feet, Rochester city datum.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Channel and control. Gravel, smooth; considered permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 10.84 feet at 2 

p. m., March 30; discharge, 26,900 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.71 

foot from 10 p. m., September 30, to 4 a. m., October 1, 1913; discharge, 154 

second-feet.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 63

Maximum stage 1904-1914: 15.02 feet during the afternoon of March 28, 1913 

(determined by leveling from a flood height marked by observer); approximate 

discharge, 42,000 second-feet. Minimum stage 1904 to 1914: 0.71 foot from 10 

p. m., September 30, to 4 a. m., October 1,1913; discharge, 154 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice for short periods only, as channel is 

usually open.

Accuracy. Bating curve well developed for all stages; published data for open-water 

periods good.

Cooperation. Gage operated by George A. Bailey, of the Rochester Light & Railway Co.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y1., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

Nov. 1

Made by height.

Feet. 

1.32

1.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. , 

689

o622

Date.

Jan. 27

Feb. 16

Made by 

C. S. DeGolyer.........

height.

feet. 

1.63

1.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

« 928

o808

o Backwater from ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 80, 1914.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3.............. *.......:......

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

190

196

202

190

186

186

170

214

220

257

264

250

202

250

250

250

257

944

909

214

278

292

405

423

423

510

1,010

1,100

780

610

Nov.

587

554

480

500

490

451

432

387

387

692

4,180

2,840

1,740

1,340

1,490

1,790

1,520

1,300

1,230

1 1d.fi

1,300

1,270

1,060

984

887

833

718

749

656

Dec.

587

554

598

576

542

532

542

480

521

532

521

510

554

564

622

705

656

576

521

490

432

470

490

521

755

984

610

542

554

576

598

Jan.

564

500

490

500

564

532

521

500

554

874

984

970

874

749

633

564

587

970

942

7QJ.

755

Sfifi

705

887

1,010

928

1,140

2 460

7,590

11,900

Feb.

12,800

12,800

8,400

6,800

8,680

8,680

4,280

1,210

1,840

1,930

1,760

1,520

1,130

1,010

900

742

755

755

656

742

914

820

806

* 820

680

633

500

460

Mar.

-

7,590

12,800

14,300

10,700

6,800

4,610

3,770

3,570

4,180

9,820

18,200

22,200

24 600

26,800

OR oftfi

Apr.

21,900

18,200

17,200

14,300

9 ian

7,060

6,040

9,820

16,200

14,600

12,200

11,600

W

jnn

7,590

5,920

7,320

n

QAA

7,060

5,670

5,070

4,500

3,970

3,480

3,000

3,100

3,480

3,570

3 1QO

May.

2,640

2,410

2,100

1,900

2,050

10,400

11,900

8,960

7,320

13,700

17,800

19,500

17,200

9,820

5,670

3,970

3,480

3,000

2

KKA

2,300

2,100

1,900

1,790

1,700

2,080

2,460

2,030

1 ' 790

June.

1,650

1,490

1,270

1,230

1,350

1,710

I finn

1,350

1,270

1,380

1 260

1,140

984

820

806

742

718

680

680

AQ9

705

718

692

633

587

564

554

564

July.

542

532

554

554

510

470

451

442

432

414

405

387

370

370

396

405

396

387

QQC

313

344

34.4

328

353

378

353

353

353

344

QOO

Aug.

320

313

313

306 01 0

one

9Q9

320

QTU5

306

010

336

306

278

9QQ

320

336

JK1

833

2,190

1,700

1 9Qft

1,930

1 7QA

1 -I Krt

7^rt

705

7QA

Sept.

755

705

1,760

3,670

2,550

1,840

1,270

970

7 H

680

610

521

480

432

432

49<i

Ann

405

387

OftO

313

320

336

328

306

344

OQfi

378 370

396

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from well-defined rating curve except as follows: May 24, 25, and 

July 13-15, estimated from hydrograph. Discharge ^estimates for periods when ice was present, Jan. 12-28 

and Feb. 9-28. only approximate. Discharge Mar. 1-16 estimated, because of ice, at 706 second-feet.
64 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Monthly discharge ofGenesee River at Rochester, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 2,360 square miles.]

Month.

March..................... ....

May....................................

JnPfl

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,100 

4,180 

984

11,900 

12,800 

26,800

21,900 

19,500 

1,710

554 

2,190 

3,670

26,800

Minimum.

170 

387 

432

490 

460

2,820 

1,700 

554

313

278 

306

170

Mean.

338 

1,110

571

1,380 

2,970 

6,660

8,680 

6,560 

982

403 

652 

765

2,580

Per 

square 

mile.

0.143 

.470 

.242

.585 

1.26 

2.82

3.68 

2.78 

.416

.171 

.276 

.324

1.09

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.16 

.52

.28

.67 

1.31 

3.25

4.11 

3.20

.46

.20 

.32

.36

14.84

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A.

B. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A.

B. 

B. 

B.

CANADICE LAKE OUTLET NEAE HEMLOCK, N. Y.

Location.' In outlet at foot of lake, about 4 miles southeast of Hemlock. Canadice 

Lake is tributary to Genesee River through Hemlock Lake outlet and Honeoye 

Creek.

Drainage area. 12.6 square miles, of which 1.0 1 square mile is lake surface.

Records available. April, 1903, to September 30, 1914. Data also published in 

annual reports of the New York State engineer and surveyor and the reports of 

the city engineer of Rochester, N. Y.

Gage. Hook in channel above gate.

Discharge measurements. Outflow is measured over a standard, thin-edged weir 

with a 5-foot crest and two encl contractions, so arranged with needle timbers at 

the ends that the length may be increased to 14.96 feet with no end contractions 

during high water. The weir crest stands 3 feet above the stream channel and ie 

never submerged by backwater. Two additional rectangular gates, each 1 foot 

square, with three complete contractions and a fourth partial contraction at the 

bottom, afford by-passes during low water. The depth of water on the weir is 

read each morning to hundredths of a foot by means of the hook gage. Each 

change of the gates is also noted. Corrections are made for velocity of approach 

for the higher stages. All computations are made by the Francis formula.

Winter now. Pool above weir is free from ice throughout winter.

Diversions. None from Canadice Lake above the station.

Regulation. The outflow of the lake at the dam above the weir is regulated by the 

gates; discharge estimates not corrected to indicate natural run-off.

Accuracy. Records excellent.

Cooperation. Observations and computations are made by engineers of the city 

engineer's office of Rochester, N. Y., under the direction of E. A. Fisher, city 

engineer, and John F. Skinner, principal assistant city engineer.

1 Figure published in previous water-supply papers is in error.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 65

Monthly discharge of Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Month.

January ...........................................................................

March.............................................................................

April..............................................................................

May..............................................................................

July..............................................................................

Mean

discharge 

(secondfeat).

3.737

3.964

4.016

4.845

12.654

30.279

41.639

47. 534

6.708

4.964

4

rf7Q

' 5.936

14.220

Mean 

elevation 

of lake 

above 

low-water 

mark 

(feet.)

0.341

.427

.389

.379

1 419

1.218

2.947

3.195

2.744

2.281

2.091

2.619

1.670

NOTE. Water surface 1.83 feet higher Sept. 30, 1914, than on Oct. 1, 1913. Gain in storage, 53,405,700 

cubic feet, corresponding to 1.693 second-feet for year.

OWASCO OUTLET NEAR AUBURN, N. Y.

Location. On the farm of George Eidley, 2 miles below the center of the city of 

Auburn, 3| miles below State dam at outlet of Owasco Lake.

Drainage area. 206 square miles (measured on United States Geological Survey 

topographic maps).

Records available. November 17, 1912, to September 30, 1914. Data published 

also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and the State of 

New York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Gurley water-stage recorder installed over a concrete well connected^with 

the river with a 4-inch cast-iron pipe.

Discharge measurements. Made by wading directly opposite the gage in low 

water and from a cable and car at the same section in high water.

Channel and control. Control is a low concrete weir a short distance below gage; 

crest of weir is 1 foot wide and the slopes of both upstream and downstream faces 

are £: 1.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 4.43 feet at 7 a. 

m., April 3; discharge, 2,430 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.41 feet at 1 

a. m., October 15; discharge, 5.6 second-feet.

Maximum stage, 1912-1914: 4.6 feet during high water, March 25 to 30, 1913 

(determined by leveling from flood marks); discharge, 2,750 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.41 feet at 1 a. m., October 15,1913; discharge, 5.6 secondfeet.

Winter flow. Sufficient ice does not: :orm to obstruct control except during extremely 

cold weather.

Diversions. An average flow of about 10 second-feet is pumped from Owasco Lake

for the municipal water supply of the city of Auburn. Proportion returning to

stream above the gaging station not known.

24017° WSP 384 16 5
66 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Accuracy. Records excellent. The discharge corresponding to the mean daily gage 

height does not represent the mean daily discharge. The daily discharge in the 

following tables is the mean of 24 hourly discharges for each day.

The following discharge measurement was made by 0. H. Pierce: 

August 4, 1914: Gage height, 2.17 feet; discharge, 156 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofOwasco outlet near Auburn, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1. ....................

2.....................

3.....................

4.....................

5.....................

6.....................

8.....................

9.....................

10.....................

11.....................

12.....................

13.....................

14.....................

15.....................

16.....................

17.....................

18.....................

19.....................

20.....................

21.....................

22.....................

23.....................

24.....................

25.....................

26.....................

27.....................

28.....................

29. ...... ..............

30.....................

31.....................

Oct.

78.6

56.6

«56.0

90.1

70 fi

71.6

73.3

67.7

64.7

«47.3

99.1

74 4

74 4

70.6

67.3

56.7

o53.3

113

83.5

70.0

70.0

69 4

60.2

QQ ri

77.3

72.6

74 9

70.9

Nov.

52.9

o56.2

63.8

76.7

66.8

7ft 9

46.8

o99.9

89.5

67.1

66.3

77.3

76.0

56.0

o70.0

122

on Q

Q4 Q

93.4

90.7

71.2

o76.2

103

83.8

89.8

67.4

105

78.5

o78.0

Dec.

106

83.4

95.2

83.9

90.8

78.2

"83.3

84.6

115

117

109

on 9

74.8

«ii7

144

112

110

Jan.

129

134

132

139

tdn

143

154

247

254

220

a 255

273

316

342

9Q7

394

442

o272

220

218

220

207

Mar.

211

211

o->7

o247

234

264

233

263

o235

281

287

307

305

300

o301

299

289

409

595

1,080

al ^Qfl

1,690

1,870

Apr.

1,960

2,120

2

1QA

2,090

ol,960

1 790 I'eso

1,820

1,970

1,880

1,820

1,610

1,510

1 43fi

1,390 i ^?tfi

«1,260

1,210

1,170

1,120

1,080

1,030

1,020

900

788

714

May.

600

530

o510

476

463

372

366

372

584

569

o533

500

486

483

418

370

351

o317

302

301

302

292

287

226

ol56

June.

177

159

159

153

148

150

o!48

174

176

169

163

176

152

o!34

168

161

183

172

181

140

o!48

158

163

159

149

151

155

<H42

140

130

July.

118

121

120

91.5

o91.1

154

138

136

148

137

144

«128

149

136

147

148

327

372

o397

317

245

246

241

227

225

o212

216

185

149

161

156

Aug.

155

"155

161

155

149

158

168

156

o!49

170

153

151

147

142

146

"143

149

129

134

130

125

133

ol27

169

153

141

150

133

202

ol94

228

Sept.

286

372

361

397

404

o373

385

296

349

375

373

357

o312

326

302

267

315

309

262

<*116

212

102

227

220

223

248

o!79

211

203

192

a Sunday.

NOTE. Dally discharge determined from a very well defined rating curve. Discharge estimated as follows: Oct. 1-2, 78 second-feet; Nov. 3, 81 second-feet; Dec. 9-15,100 second-feet; Dec. 25-31,128 second-feet; 

Jan. 1-4, 132 second-feet; Jan. 30 and 31, 210 second-feet; Mar. 1-4, 217 second-feet; May 9-14, 435 secondfeet. Discharge, Feb. 1-28, estimated from three gage geights observed during the month and the elevation 

of Owasco Lake, at 290 second-feet.
STREAMS TRIE 

Monthly discharge of Owasco outlet 

Month.

T)fic$Tnt>er

April.......................................

Mav

July........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

113 

122 

144

442

1,870

2,180 

600 

183

397 

228 

404

2,180

Minimum.

47.3 

46.8 

74.8

129

210

667 

156 

130

91.1

125 

102

46.8

Mean.

73.8 

78.4 

106

216 

290 

434

1,450 

412

158

187 

154

285

319

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A.

B 

D. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A.

TARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 67

>,ar Auburn, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO, 

1914.

SALMON RIVER NEAR PULASKI, N. Y.

Location. At Fox's bridge, abou 

miles above Trout Brook, and 6

Drainage area. 260 square mile 

topographic maps).

Records available. September 5 

1908; July 14,1910, to April 30: 

lished also in annual reports of 

State of New York Conservatio

Gage. Chain gage; read twice dai 

staff attached to the upstream e 

gage is 1.20 feet below that of th

Discharge measurements. Mac

Channel and control. Gravel;

Extremes of discharge. '.

p. m., April 20; discharge, 5,95( 

at7a.m. and5p.m., October 1 

Maximum stage recorded 1900 

discharge, 13,300 second-feet. 

7 p. m., September 19, 1906; d: 

1 Winter flow. Discharge relation £

Accuracy. Records good. 

No discharge measurements wer

September 30,1914.

J miles above the village of Pulaski, about 2J

miles above mouth of river.

(measured on United States Geological Survey

1900, to June 30, 1907; August 16 to December 6, 

1914, when station was discontinued. Data pubNew York State engineer and surveyor and the

Commission.

y by S. J. Fox. Prior to July 23,1902, a vertical 

d of the center pier of the bridge. Zero of chain 

j original staff gage. «

by wading or from bridge, 

fairly permanent.

stage recorded during year: 6.75 feet at 5 

second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 2.35 feet 

and5p.m., October 11; discharge,76 second-feet.

1914: 8.2 feet during the night of March 27,1913; 

Minimum stage recorded: 2.2 feet at 7 a. m. and 

scharge, 46 second-feet, 

ifected by ice.

-Maximum

made at this station during the year ending
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Salmon River near Pulaski, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1.......

2.......

3.......

4... ...

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

Oct.

79

112

191

213

172

125

112

in4

90

90

86

104

152

152

Nov.

535

465

400

400

fine

500

340

400

1,440

1.120

760

fine

930

1,020

Dec.

500

465

eoe

605

680

fi49

1 680

1.020

1,020

760

605

642

642

Jan.

313

112

oat

Apr.

3,330

3,520

3

OQO

2,130

1,760

1,290

1,120

1,410

2,620

2,290

1,830

. 1,980

1,410

1,290

1,410

Day.

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

^1

Oct.

152

152

145

152

845

2,240

1,800

1,020

1,020

2,090

1,800

1,330

845

760

760

642

Nov.

720

570

535

2,400

2,400

1,330

930

930

845

680

680

605

535

535

Dec.

642

605

605

465

465

500

465

400

 535

500

500

312

296

340

370

340

Jan. Apr.

' 3,330

3,520

3,330

3,710

5,650

3,900

2,290

2,130

1,610

1,290

1,980

1,980

1,680

1,540

1,680

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a fairly well defined rating curve. No records collected during period when ice was present.

Monthly discharge of Salmon River near Pulaski, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1914.

[Drainage area, 260 square mlles.J

Month.

April....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,240 

2,400 

1,680 

5,650

Minimum.

79 

340 

296 

1,120

Mean.

572 

805 

602 

2,340

Per 

square 

mile.

2.20 

3.10 

2.32 

9.00

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.54 

3.46 

2.68 

10.04

Accu«

racy.

B. 

B 

B. 

B.

ORWELL BROOK NEAR ALTMAR, N. T.

Location. At highway bridge 1J miles by road northwest of Altmar and one-eighth

of a mile above confluence of Orwell Brook with Salmon River. 

Drainage area. 22.1 square miles (measured on United States Geological Survey

topographic maps). 

Records available. June 23, 1911, to September 30, 1914. Data published also in

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and the State of New

York Conservation Commission. 

Gage. Chain attached to downstream side of bridge; read morning and evening to

quarter-tenths. Gage reader, Mrs. A. G. White. 

Discharge measurements. Made by wading at low stages; from bridge at high

Channel and control. Composed of small stone and gravel.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 4.9 feet at 8 a. m.,

April 28; discharge, 475 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.7 feet, August

10, 12, and 16; discharge, 6 second-feet. 

Maximum stage recorded 1911-1914: 5.5feetat6p. m., April?, 1912; discharge,

610 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded for same period: 1.65 feet, August 6,

7, 14, 22, 23, and 24, and September 5, 1911; discharge, 5 second-feet. 

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice.
STREAMS TRIBITARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 69

Accuracy. Records good.

No discharge measurements were: made at this station during the year ending 

September 30, 1914.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y.,for the year ending

Slept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3... .......... -

5..............

6. .............

1.... ..........

%..............

10... ...........

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

23..............

94

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29... .......... .

30..............

01

Oct.

9

10

11

9

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

15

15

13

11

11

11

13

17

119

134

84

61

112

105

108

71

61

47

47

47

Nov.

42

34

30

34

34

30

26

23

45

64

49

42

40

52

42

42

34

32

38

112

76

61

56

52

47

42

38

34

34

34

Dec.

34

36

38

42

42

38

47

94

81

54

49

64

45

42

42

42

51

49

48

42

42

40

47

47

47

42

78

58

52

1 -52

47

Jafi.

«l

42

42

40

38

42

52

52

47

32

 '

Feb.

68

61

72

66

61

Mar.

84

61

58

52

42

38

38

102

198

431

453

368

288

Apr.

232

250

173

134

51

72

66

105

149

116

105

102

64

88

78

181

126

98

91

Q4

76

58

54

47

52

72

68

58

54

61

May.

49

38

.38

34

76

76

64

45

42

38

38

38

66

^

45

38

34

30

30

26

26

26

32

26

26

23

23

23

20

20

15

June.

17

15

15

20

18

17

20

327

119

52

42

38

30

22

17

17

17

16

17-

17

17

17

17

15

15

13

11

16

22

47

July.

34

30

24

17

17

15

13

13

13

11

9

9

9

9

9

8

11

9

9

9

9

9

13

10

9

9

9

8

9

9

9

Aug.

9

8

8

8

8

8

7

7

6

8

9

6

6

6

6

6

7

12

13

13

17

13

11

16

12

9

8

8

36

52

32

Sept.

1R

17

17

22

15

16

22

16

15

15

15

T1

11

9

9

9

9

Q

9

8

8

8

8

14

12

13

17

15

13

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge Mar. 1-17 estimated, because of ice, by comparison with flow of near-by streams, 13second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Orwell Brook River near Altmar, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

30,1914.

[Drainage area, 22.1 square miles.] .

Month.

January 1-10. . ..........................

March..................................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

August .................................

*

Discharge in second-feet.

Ma ximum.

134 

112

94

453

250 

76 

327

34

52 

22

Minimum. /

8 

23 

34

47 

15 

11

8 

6 

8

Mean.

38.6 

44.0 

49.4

42.9

85.6

99.1

37.8 

34.8

12.3 

12.1 

13.0

Per

square 

mile.

1.75 

1.99 

2.24

1.94

3.87

4.48 

1.71

1.57 .

.556 

.547 

.588

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on

drainage 

area).

2.02 

2.22

2.58

.72

4.46

5.00 

1.97 

1.75

.64 

.63 

.65

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A.

B. 

C.

A. 

A. 

B.

C. 

C. 

C.
70 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART TV.

BLACK RIVER NEAR BOONVILLE, N. Y.

Location. At highway bridge about 2 miles northeast of Boonville, an equal distance by river downstream from Hawkinsville, and about 1 mile above mouth of 

Sugar River.

Drainage area. 303 square miles (measured on United States Geological Survey 

topographic maps).

Records available. February 16,1911, to September 30,1914. Data published also 

in annual reports of the New York State engineer and surveyor and the State of 

New York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Chain fastened to the downstream side of the bridge; read daily, morning 

and evening; gage reader, W. D. Charbonneau. A staff gage, graduated from 6 

to 13 feet and fastened to downstream right-hand abutment, is used for highwater readings.

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from a cable about one-half mile 

above the gage; at low stages by wading at a section near the cable.

Channel and control. Rough and full of bowlders; permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 9.25 feet at 8 a. m., 

March 29; discharge, 4,480 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 3.0 feet at 

8 a. m., November 8; discharge, 27 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded, 1911-1914: Approximately 12.5 feet during the night 

of March 28, 1913 (determined by leveling from flood marks); discharge, approximately 10,000 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 3.0 feet at 8 a. m., September 29 and November 8, 1913; discharge, 27 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice. Flow determined by frequent 

discharge measurements and climatic records.

Regulation and diversion. The State dam at Forestport, about 8 miles upstream, 

provides a storage reservoir with a capacity of about 2,000,000,000 cubic feet. 

Water is diverted from this reservoir during the navigation season, through the 

Forestport feeder which flows west to a basin in Boonville. The Black river canal 

flows north from this basin and enters Black River at the foot of Lyon Falls. A 

spillway from the basin overflows into Mill Creek, a tributary of Black River. 

Water flowing through these two two channels returns to the river below the gaging 

station, thus passing around it. The Black River canal also flows south from 

Boonville, passing out of the Black River drainage and entering the summit level 

of the Erie canal at Rome."

Occasional discharge measurements are made at three points to indicate the 

distribution of the diverted water. The water entering Boonville through the 

Forestport feeder is measured at the highway bridge near Sperry hill about 1 mile 

northeast of Boonville. The water flowing north from the basin through the 

Black River canal is measured at the highway bridge just below the lock into 

this canal near the railroad station. The water flowing south from the basin 

is measured at a private farm bridge about 1 mile southeast of Boonville. These 

measurements are published below.

Accuracy. Rating curve well defined. Records do not give total discharge of
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 71

Discharge measurements of Black River near Boonville, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1914.

Date.

Tan. 12

91

22

Feb. 20

Made by 

.....do.................

C.S. DeGolyer........

A

Feet.

5

AA

4.92

4.97

4.92

Discharge.

See.-ft. «235

a 240

a 212

Date.

Mar. 25

Aug. 31

Made by 

H.W.Fear. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.55

3.55

6.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

« 213

77

952

a- Backwater from ice.

Discharge measurements of Forestport feeder at Boonville, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

Oct. 2

28

July 11

22

22

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld. ........

C. S. DeGolyer.. ......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.88

1.05

1.25

1.28

1.00

1.00

.99

Discharge.

Sec -ft. 

262

262

296

240

240

240

223

Date.

19

19

31

Sept. 14

14

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.00

.99

1.01

1.19

.95

.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

219

228

220

207

220

219

Discharge measurements of Black River canal flowing south at Boonville, N. Y., during 

the year ending Sept. 30,1914.

Date.

Oct. 2

28

July 11

oo

22 

Aug. 5

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld.........

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.20

1.17

1.15

1 11

1.35

1.36 

1.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

200

222

208

158

165

168 

156

Date.

Aug. 6

19

19

31

Sept. 14

14

 Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

1.53

1.19

1.14

1 79

1.39

1.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

155

85

83

149

155

152

Discharge measurements of Black River canal flowing north at Boonville, N. Y., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

Oct. 2

28

June 20

July 11

22

23

Aug. 5

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld.........

R. S. Barnes. ..........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.25

1.94

4.05

3.72

1.22

1.26

.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

50

14.8

43.6

67

57

58

45.5

Date.

19

19

31

Sept. 14

14

Made by 

.....do.................

O. W. Hart\roll.. ......

M. J. Maguire..........

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

.72

3.74

3.70

4.26

4.28

4.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 44 6

65

65

47.4

46

44
WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART rv.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River near Boonville, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1914.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

40

55

66

154

184

136

59

47

33

36

45

59

46

40

41

44

At)

36

36

174

680 i I4n

560

558

512

4.cn

OCt>

335

320 3?n

305

Nov.

136

111

205

59

72

53

34

72

490

3,110

2,860

2,380

2,050

855

580

580

390

37ft

7QK

920

795

795 731=;

w«

430

qq«:

410 q*>K

Dec.

370

470

535

630

680

535

535

580

470

450

512

580

535

450

4in

OKi>

410

410

275

320

t>7 K

9Oft

227

275

305

qoK

250

OKfl

250

OKA

oen

Jan.

1<U

227

971

250

216

. 205

997

250

227

9**rt

216

oqo

two

QQO

216

997

9A9

OQQ

305

y«QA

580

Feb.

630

630

KCQ

605

KQfl

238

250

194

238

 -son

335

290

971

290

9on

335

97 K

238

997

174

174

164

174

184

154

164

194

Mar.

194

205

216

216

227

216

227

238

205

227

1QJ.

164

216

238

205

174

194

91 A

91 ft

97 K

305

305 3Qft

4.Qft

1,140

4,010

4,540

3,360

2 ifift

Apr.

2,380

2,620

2,380

2,160

1 940

1,370

1,290

1,540

2,270

1,940

1,540

1,540

1,540

1,460

1 540

1 640

2,160

2,380

2,980

5,240

4,410

9 osn

2,740

2

Kf\f\

2,500

2,380

2

Knn

2,380

2,160

2,160

May.

1,940

1,210

1,140

1,140

1,370

1,540

1,370

1,460

1,370

1,290

1,370

1,290 1 4.fift

1,640

990

1 060

1 140

1,140

795

630

4.0ft

37ft

370

410

OAft

30ft

37ft

335

275

07

June.

84

71

71

66

84

84

111

164

164

145

164

164

145

145

197

in

QA

55

49

4.Q

53

56

444o

4O

44

51

111

84

July.

59

61

84

70

84

84

104

127

90

63

57

78

136

145

111

104

84

84

66

53

56

43

53

56

63

53

49

44

46

49

42

Aug.

44

40

36

40

33

37

33

36

38

40

62

164

90

44

43

40

43

44

57

78

127

184

227

305

, 275

250

227

227

410

1,140

oon

Sept.

795

490

305

275

194

127

164

164

127

136

90

63

53

63

68

55

51

41

4Q

53

55

44

46

47

53

64

56

44

53

51

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from well-defined rating curve, except as follows: Dec. 27,1913, to 

Mar. 27,1914, estimated because of ice, and approximate only; Jan. 11-20, estimated at 154 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Black River near Boonville, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1914.

Month.

October. .......................................................

December. .....................................................

April...........................................................

May...........................................................

July...........................................................

The year . . ...............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,140 

3,110 

680

580 

630 

4,540

5,240 

1.940 

164

145

1,140 

795

5,240

Minimum.

33 

34

227

154 

164

1,290 

97 

40

42 

33 

41

33

Mean.

225 

738 

403

227 

302 

690

2,290 

934 

90.9

74.1 

175 

129

523

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A.

C. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A.

B. 

A. 

B.

NOTE. See "Regulation and diversion" in station description
74 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1914.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

229

272

442

545

377

316

316

286

243

176

151

79

136

229

286

346

316

377

229

476

1,760

1,760

1,220

1,020

805

965

1,430

1,220

1,020

855

625

Nov.

545

286

510

510

665

625

545

510

710

4,230

2,300

1,430

1,430

1,220

1,290

1,220

965

855

910

1,290

2,120

1,590

1,850

1,360

1 1 v\

i;o20

1,020

1,150

965

910

Dec.

710

625

545

409

442

409

257

545

1,020

710

545

545

625

545

545

A At)

476

545

476

476

202

316

93

101

176

362

301

377

476

393

Jan.

476

426

409

331

316

99O

OylQ

243

271

316

229

Feb. Mar.

476

476

510

476

442

510

625

805

910

1,020

1,430

1,940

3,060

2,960

2,570

Apr.

2,390

2,390

2,300

2,120

1,940

1,760

1,510

1,430

2,120

2,210

2,120

1,940

1,670

1,430

1 430

2,120

1,760

2,570

4,230

10,000

7,260

5,030

3,500

2,960

2,660

2,660

2,660

3,170

3,860

3,740

May.

2,960

2,480

2 A en

2 <iftft

2,120

2 910

2,030

1,940

1,850

1,760

1,430

1,290

1,290

1,220

1 080

1,020

855

625

585

545

476

189

362

476

476

442

476

393

151

June.

316

316

316

331

585

625

545

625

710

625

377

476

476

216

229

202

189

176

138

286

202

216

164

146

176

151

126

QQ

625

710

July.

545

409

855

625

216

229

346

393

476

755

625

805

665

393

545

393

229

202

103

176

151

126

202

286

393

272

101

128

103

103

126

Aug.

126

151

164

164

202

943

272

316

216

257

229

286

216

176

202

1<U

202

164

346

316

272

545

393

510

476

331

316

442

1,290

1,150

Sept.

71C

362

121

910

710

510

476

476

426

409

346

164

176

316

316

316

301

272

286

176

316

316

257

243

286

393

362

393

409

346

NOTE. Daily discharge determined irom a iairly well defined rating curve. Discharge Mar. 1-16 estimated, because of ice, by comparison with flow of adjacent streams, 340 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1914.

[Drainage area, 370 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,760 

4,230 

1,020

476

3,060

10,000 

2,960 

710

855 

1,290 

910

Minimum.

79 

286 

93

229

1,430 

202 

99

101 

126 

121

Mean.

597 

1,170 

449

317

763

2,900 

1,230 

346

' 354 

347 

370

Per 

square 

mile.

1.61 

3.16 

1.21

.856

2.06

7.84 

3.34 

.961

.957 

.938 

1.00

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.86 

3.53 

1.40

.35

2.38

8.75 

3.73 

1.07

1.10 

1.08 

1.12

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

B.

C.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. Estimates indicate flow as regulated by storage at Old Forge arid McKeever dams.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 73

MOOSE RIVER AT MOOSE RIVER, N. Y. /

Location. In the village of Moose River, about 3 miles downstream from McKeever 

station on the Adirondack division of the New York Central & Hudson Eiver 

Railroad, 5 miles below mouth of South Branch of Moose River and nearly 20 

miles above/the junction of Black and Moose rivers at Lyons Falls.

Drainage area. 370 square miles (measured on United. States Geological Survey 

topographic maps).

Records available. June 5, 1900, to September 30, 1914. Data published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

Gage. Staff, in two sections, fastened to the left bank a short distance above cable; 

read twice daily by Chris. Hannan. The gage datum was lowered 0.17 foot, February 28, 1903, and again 5.00 feet, January 1, 1913.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable a short distance below gage.

Channel and control. Composed of cobble and bowlders; fairly permanent; current smooth.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 14.4 feet at 8 a. m. 

and 5 p. m., April 20; discharge, 10,200 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 

5.2 feet at 8 a. m., December 25, 5p.m., July 19, and 8 a. m., July 27 and 30; discharge, 83 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1900-1914: 16.3 feet during the afternoon of March 27, 

1913; discharge, approximately 15,500 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded for 

same period: 4.94 feet, July 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 1913; discharge, 42 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice.

Regulation. A timber dam at McKeever is used for power and for the regulation of 

flow for log driving. During parts of the year, therefore, two gage readings a day 

may not give a representative mean. Seasonal distribution of flow affected by 

operation of State dam at Old Forge.

Accuracy. Open channel rating curve fairly accurate. Published discharge estimates for open-water periods good.

Discharge measurements of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y. t during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

Oct. 27

27

Mado by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.37

8.34

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,380

1,360

Date. Made by a.

Feet. 

5.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. «150

o Made by wading.
76 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PABT IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..... .........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14... ......... ..

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

91

22..............

00

25..............

26..............

97

00

9Q

30..............

01

Oct.

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

 60

99

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

Tin

150

150

142

150

142

142

142

142

Nov.

142

142

142

142

142

142

158

184

184

184

184

184

184

220

262

251

240

230

230

220

230

230

220

210

91 n

274

127

Dec.

120

120

48

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9 n

Q n

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

9 0

Jan.

9.0

9.8

9.8

9

0

9

0

9

0

9.8

9

0

9

0

9.8

9.8

9

0

9.8

9.8

9.8

9.8

9.8

9 g

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

Feb.

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

12

12

12

13

13

14

14

14

15

15

15

15

56

27

Mar.

14

15

15

39

166

158

158

1^8

158

150

150

150

175

298

298

298

298

286

274

262

262

251

251

261

251

251

262

262

262

262

262

Apr.

262

262

258

256

253

252

249

246

246

246

225

220

175

155

155

160

160

170

May.

76

87

100

100

202

240

150

120

120

120

120

120

192

134

99

99

65

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

June.

56

56

15

99

201

166

106

127

75

56

65

142

86

15

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

QQ

230

150

July.

26

60

22

5.8

5.8

5.8

60

106

22

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

36

36

12

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

36

QQ

127

24

5.8

5.8

5

0

36

56

56

Aug.

15

44

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

Q9

106

106

80

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

00

Sept

9.

5.

5

5.

5.

5.

5.

5.

9

?,?,

86

92

92

92

92

113

Ififi

166

175

17S

17*1

175

17*;

166

Ififi

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve, except as follows: Mar. 28 to Apr. 

19, and May 1-5, computed from elevations of lake surface and gate openmgs at Old Forge dam; Apr. 20-30 

estimated from records of lake elevation and gate opening at the dam at 220 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1914.

[Drainage area, 51.5 square mile*].

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-ieet.

Maximum.

150 

262 

120

11

56 

298

240 

230

127 

106 

175

298

Minimum.

60 

127 

9

9 

11 

14

56 

5.8

5.8 

15 

5.8

5.8

Mean.

118 

194 

17.9

10.3 

14.3 

205

221 

94.5 

60.6

29.7 

69.4 

96.4

94.4

Per 

square 

mile.

2.29

3.77 

.348

.200

.278 

3.98

4.29 

1.83 

1.18

.577 

1.35 

1.87

1.83

Run-off 

(dopth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.64 

4.21 

.40

.23 

.29 

4.59

4,79 

2.11 

1.32

.67 

1.56 

2.09

24.90

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B.

B. 

B.

A.

C. 

B. 

B.

B. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Estimates of monthly discharge indicate the flow as regulated at the Old Forge dam.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 75

MIDDLE BRANCH OF MOOSE RIVER AT OLD FORGE, N. Y.

»

Location. About 300 feet below the highway bridge in Old Forge and about 400 

feet below the dam.

Drainage area. 51.5 square miles (measured on United States Geological Survey 

topographic maps).

Records available. November 9, 1911, to September 30, 1914. Data published 

also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of 

New York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Vertical staff on left bank of stream 300 feet below highway bridge.

Discharge measurements. Made by wading at low and medium stages and from 

highway bridge at high stages.

Channel and control. Channel fairly straight and uniform from dam to a rock ledge 

about 200 feet below gage; ledge forms the control.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during the year: 3.0 feet, 

March 14 to 17; discharge, 298 second-feet. The minimum stage (0.6 foot, discharge 5.8 second-feet) occurs whenever the gates at the dam are closed, and 

represents the leakage and discharge through the fish hatcheries.

Maximum stage recorded, 1911-1914: 6.3 feet, March 28,1913 (affected by back 

water from Moose River); approximate discharge, computed from records at dam, 

760 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation not affected by ice.

Regulation. Flow controlled at the dam. *

Accuracy. Rating curve well defined; estimates good.

Discharge measurements of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., during 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Date.

Mar. 24

24

June 18

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.75

2.75

/S5

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

242

238

4.3

Date.

18

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.. 

2. SO

1.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

192

98.8

NOTE. Measurements made by wading.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV. 77 

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 

EAST BRANCH OF OSWEGATCHIE RIVER AT NEWTON FALLS, N. Y.

Location. 600 feet below lower dam of Newton Falls Paper Co. in the village of

Newton Falls; 4 miles above mouth of Little River, and 10 miles below outlet of

Cranberry Lake.,

Drainage area. 166 square miles. 

Records available. October £, 1912, to September 30,1914. Data published also

in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New

York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Vertical staff; read twice daily by C. H. Corp. 

Discharge measurements. Made by wading at low stages, and from a cable 30

feet above gage during high water. 

Channel and control. Bed of channel consists of small bowlders and gravel, covered

with waste from the pulp mill. 

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 4.4 feet at 7.30

a. m., April 20 and 27; discharge, 1,100 second-feet. Minimum stage (gage

height, 0.1 foot; discharge, 28 second-feet) is reached every Sunday during a large

part of the year, when the paper mill is shut down. 

Maximum stage recorded, 1912-1914: 6.1 feet at 5.15 p. m., March 28, 1913;

discharge, approximately 2,000 second-feet. 

Winter flow. Effect of ice on discharge relation is diminished by the pondage and

disturbance of the water at the paper mill. 

Regulation. Dams of paper mill cause some daily fluctuation, probably not enough

to affect the accuracy of the records. Seasonal flow is largely controlled by dam

at Cranberry Lake.

Accuracy. Rating curve well defined for ordinary stages. No high-water measurements have yet been made. Estimates good. 

Cooperation. Gage-height record furnished by Newton Falls Paper Co.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y.t 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Date.

Aug. 28

29

Made by 

O. W. Hartwell...... ....................................................

H.W.Fear...... ........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.91

.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft, 

289

036.7

« Made by wading.
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, 

N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1914.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

90

24..............

OK

26..............

27..............

28..............

9Q

30..............

01

Oct.

266

Ofifi

266

266

53

290

266

278

266

266

255

51

ono

314

278

266

255

255

42

266

302

353

452

512

512

576

514

512

512

366

Nov.

366

197

*>/m

340 097

290

266

266

74

422

366

366

366

380

380

120

qcq

340

366

452

482

366

314

366

340

340

314

290

290

290

Dec.

Ortly

266

ono

353

101

366

366

ono

OnO

^fifi

366

84

366

366

QfiA

^fifi

366

ono

30

244

ono

266

84

174

222

222

222

222

OKK

Jan.

304

304

304

oc

°.fti

304

OAQ

242

OQO

onj.

28

282

OAO

Feb. Mar.

oo

OCA

304 304 '

304 °.ru

oc

350

OKA

350

350

OKA

350

QQ

350

350

326

304

304

304

28

326

3fU

304

350

350

376

262

490

490

Apr.

402

402

one.

460

460

460

460

402

28

430

376

326

304

350

460

680

1,020

860

860

Qyfn

940

900

940

1 060

1,020

820

May.

fifiA

Q4n

750

715

71 e

715

680

645

645

520

520

490

460

430

430

188

376

350

350

376

376

376

28

304

304

262

262

262

262

28

June.

OfiO

262

262

262

262

262

28

262

282

°iU

262

262

OfiO

28

262

262

262

262

140

106

28

28

28

50

262

262

262

28

262

262

July.

9fi9

262

205

99

171

376

304

304

304

304

304

171

Vf\A

304 °.ru

304

304

304

148

205

262

262

262

304

304

81

50

262

262

262

262

Aug.

262

75

28

50

262

262

262

262

75

163

282

304 °.ru

304 °iU

148

282

402

376

326

326

326

155

282

326

304

304

205

59

28

59

Sept.

350

402

376

376

376

93

242

376

304

304

304

304

81

205

304

304

304

304

304

81

188

304

304

304

304

304

81

205

304

304

NOTTS. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 600 second-feet. New 

ating curve used since January 1,1914.

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1914-

[Drainage area, 166 square miles.J

Month.

April...................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

576 

482 

366 

304 

490 

1.060 

940 

304 

376 

402 

402

Minimum.

42 

74 

30 

28 

28 

28 

28 

28 

50 

28 

81

Mean.

313 

323

277 

247 

304 

590 

460 

201 

252 

229 

277

Per 

square 

mile.

1.89 

1.95 

1.67 

1.49 

1.83 

3.55 

2.77 

1.21 

1.52 

1.38 

1.67

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.18 

2.18 

1.92 

.72 

2.11 

3.96 

3.19 

1.35 

1.75 

1.59 

1.86

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. 

station.

Discharge estimates indicate flow as regulated by Cranberry Lake dam and paper Mills above
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NEAR OGDENSBTTRG, N. Y.

Location. At steel highway bridge known locally as Eel Weir Bridge, about 1 mile 

below mouth of outlet of Black Lake and 5^ miles above Ogdensburg and mouth 

of river.

Drainage area. 1,580 square miles.

Records available. April 22, 1903, to September 30, 1914. Data published also 

in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New 

York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Chain; fastened to upstream side of bridge; read once daily by J. H. La Eue.

Discharge measurements. Usually made from the bridge.

Channel and control. Channel rocky and partly artificial, the rock underneath the 

bridge having been removed by blasting to increase the bridge opening. Control 

practically permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 8.9 feet from 5 

p. m., April 3, to 5 p. m., April 5; discharge, 11,400 second-feet. Minimum stage 

recorded: 4.5 feet from 8 a. m., August 11, to 5 p. m., August 19; discharge, 330 

second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1903-1914: 9.9 feet, March 31,1913; approximate discharge, 18,000 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 4.5 feet, September 1 and 

2, 1913; discharge, 300 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation not affected by ice.

Regulation. Two dams in the vicinity of gage one at Heuvelton about 5 miles 

above, and the other at Bensselaer Falls, 10 miles above.

Accuracy. Bating curve fairly well defined.

Discharge measurements of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Date.

Oct. 29

31

Dec. 6

6

Feb. 21

Made by 

G. H. Canfield.. .......

.....do.................

C.S. DeGolyer.........

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

6.52

6.46

5.89

5.89

5.07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,760

3,530

2,380

2,320

1.230

Date.

Apr. 15

15

18

Aug. 25

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.18

7.15

7.37

4.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,230

6,180

6,700

«584

a Made by wading.
80 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y'.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

90

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

on

Ji..............

Oct.

390

545

600

600

600

600

600

600

720

79fl

720

720

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

850

1,290

1,450

2,360

2,560

2,770

2,770

3,440

3,930

3,930

3,930

3,680

Nov.

3,930

2,770

2,770'

2 77O

2,770

2,560

2,360

2,360

1,790

2,560

2,990

2,990

3,440

3 680

3,680

3,680

3,680

2,990

2,770

2,990

2,990

3,680

3,930

3,930

3,440

3,440

3,440

3,440

3,440

2,990

Dec.

2,770

2,560

2,560

2,770

2,560

2,360

2,560

2

OCft

2,360

2,160

2

Q«n

2,360

2

Qfin

2,560

2,460

2,160-

9 SfiO

2,560

2 J.AA

2,260

2,160

1,790

2,060

1,880

1,790

1,700

1,620

Jan.

1,450

1,370

1,290

1,140

oon

oon

990

990

990

oon

990

990

oon

QQA

990

oon

850

850

850

850

850

850

850.

785

720

720

720

785

1,450

3,440

Feb.

4,620

4,100

4,100

4,100

4,620

4,620

4,100

4,360

4,100

3,600

3,140

3,140

3,140

2,920

2,810

2,380

1,970

1,770

1,670

1,380

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,010

920

920

835

Mar.

750

750

835

920

Qon

750

750

835

920

CO c

750

750

750

750

750

1,380

1,770

2,280

2,810

3,140

3,600

3,600

3,360

2,920

2,700

2,920

5,160

6,300

8,100

9,300

9,300

Apr.

9,900

10,500

11,100

H -ino

H /iftft

10,500

9,900

8,700

8,700

8,100

7,500

7,500

7,500

7,200

7,200

6,900

6,600

6,600

7,200

7,200

7,500

7,200

6,900

6,900

6,900

6,600

6,300

6,000

5,720

6,000

May.

6,000

6,000

6,000

5,720

4,880

4,620

4,100

4,100

3,840

3,600

3,140

3,360

3,140

2,490

2,490

2,600

2,380

2,070

2,070

1,870

1,870

1,580

1,480

1,480

1,870

1,580

1,290

1,480

1,480

1,480

June.

1,010

920

1,010

835

Q9fl

920

920

1,010

920

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,010

920

920

920

920

750

835

835

750

590

520 590

920

750

July.

750

750

835

Q9fl

Q9ft

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,010

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,010

1,100

1,100

920

750

750

750

750

750

750

750

750

590

670

590

Aug.

590

670

590

590

590

590

590

450

450

390

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

450

450

450

450

450

450

520

520

450

450

590

670

Sept.

670

670

956

O9n

920

1,200

956

920

920

920

920

920

920

920

920

784

750

750

718

590

KQn

590

622

590

590

590

520

520

478

450

NOTE. Dally discharge determined from fairly well-defined rating curve; new rating curve used since 

Feb. 1,1914. Open-water rating curve used throughout the year.

Monthly discharge of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. TF.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1914.

[Drainage area, 1,580 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,930 

3,930 

2,770

3,440 

4,620 

9,300

11,400 

6,000 

1,100

1,100 

670 

1,200

11,400

Minimum.

390 

1,790 

1,620

720 

835 

750

5,720 

1,290 

520

590 

330 

450

330

Mean.

1,440 

3,140 

2,300

1,050 

2,720 

2,600

7,920 

3,070 

913

909 

464 

759

2,260

Per 

square 

mile.

0.911 

1.99 

1.46

.665 

1.72 

1.65

5.01 

1.94 

.578

.5?5 

.294 

.480

1-43

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.05 

2.22 

1.68

.77 

1.79 

1.90

5.59

2.24 

.64

.66 

.34 

.54

19.42

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

C. 

B.

B. 

B. C. 

C. 

C. 

C.

NOTE. Seasonal distribution of flow somewhat affected by operation of storage reservoir at Cranberry 

Lake.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 81

EAQTJETTE EIVEE AT PIERCEFIELD, N. Y.

Location. Half a mile below dam of International Paper Co. at Piercefield, and 

about three-fourths of a mile above head of Black Rapids.

Drainage area. 723 square miles. (All but 16 square miles measured on United 

States Geological Survey topographic maps.)

Records available. August 20,1908, to September 30, 1914. Data published also 

in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New 

York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Water-stage recorder in a galvanized sheet-iron house over a concrete wen 

connected with the river by a 4-inch, cast-iron pipe. Prior to January 1, 1913, 

the following gages were used: August 20, 1908, to September 3, 1910, vertical 

staff fastened to a large pine stump; September 4 to December 31, 1910, chain 

gage fastened to same stump and having the same datum. January 1,1911, datum 

of chain gage was lowered 2 feet; water-stage recorder was set at this datum.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable just above Black Rapids.

Channel and control. Channel opposite gage is a deep pend with no perceptible 

velocity; control of pond is at head of Black Rapids.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 9^.5 feet at 10 a. m., 

May 12; discharge, 4,600 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 2.05 feetat noon, 

August 30; discharge, 92 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1908-1914: 11.68 feet (water-stage recorder) at 3a.m., 

April 1,1913; discharge, 7,100 second-feet. Minimum stage, 0.85 foot (water-stage 

recoder) at 11 a. m., September 2,1913; discharge, approximately 10 second-feet. 

^Winter flow. Rapids that form control rarely freeze, and measurements made when 

ice was present indicate that the discharge relation is little if any affected by ice. 

Open-water rating curve usually applicable throughout year.

Regulation. Low-water flow controlled by dam of International Paper Co. Numerous lakes in the upper part of the drainage basin afford considerable storage, most 

of which is controlled.

Accuracy. Rating curve well defined. Estimates very good, fluctuation due to 

regulation being ascertained by water-stagfe recorder..

Discharge measurements of Raquette River at Piereefield, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1914.

Date.

Oct. 1

11

30

23

Made by 

W.S. Easterly.........

.....do..................

W.S. Easterly.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.34

6.23

6.38 

5.36

4.40

4.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

252

1,460

1,560 

989

601

568

Date.

Feb. 24

20

JO

Made by 

.....do..................

0. S. DeGolyer.........

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 4 08

8.87

8.57 

5.20

4.24

4.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

JQO

3,890

3.590 

942

548

554

24017° WSP 3&t 16 6
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofRaquette River at Piercefield, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1.. ............

2.. ............

0

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15.........*....

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24 ...........

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

590

Nov.

1,030

Dec.

1,450

1,450

1,520

1,480

1,260

1 3^n

1 ^ftft

1,450

1,450

1,380

1,170

610

1,000

1,170

1,080 009

980

1,290

555

1 Oftfl

1,000

QEK

Jan.

849

807

807

287

547

689

807

786

849

828

358

387

849

547

530

547

547

547

206

372

547

564

547

564

547

Feb.

250

530

530

564

530

564

564

318

417

598

480

464

547

564

513

513

530

306

S44.

547

564

513

547

417

Mar.

513

547

530

530

547

530

198

417

448

372

417

530

530

T41

OAR

547

581

581

598

547

240

564

960

1,100

Apr.

1,230

1,440

1,510

1,580

1,350

1,810

1,810

1,890

2,010

2,230

2,320

2,060

2,510

2,510

2,510

2,510

2,610

2 7in

3,010

3,840

4,380

4,820

5,280

5,620

5,850

6,080

5,960

5,960

6,080

6,310

May.

6,430

6,430

6,310

6,310

6,080

5,850

5.620

5,390

5,280,

5,020

4,750

4,490

4,380

4,050

3 840

3,620

3,310

3 oin

3,110

2,910

2,810

2,510

2,320

2 JOft

2 oon

2,060

1,970

1,850

1,690

1,380

June.

1,480

1,480

1,380

1,230

1,000

982

318

849

982

892

870

766

828

212

513

766

766

689

634

581

212

358

564

513

AAQ

417

432

141

316

513

July.

515

520

525

530

530

53P

530

530

115 530

530

530

530

530

513

148

358

480

448

448

480

513

513

Aug.

513

581

372

Sept.

402

464

598

581

9<M

480

443

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from well-defined rating curves. New rating curve used Jan. 1 to 

Sept. 30. Water-stage recorder not running Oct. 1 to Dec. 9,1913, July 1-9, and July 26 to Sept. 27,1914. 

Discharge May 10 and 11 interpolated. Discharge July 26 to Sept. 27 was determined from onegagereading a day and may therefore not be the mean discharge for the day. Discharge estimated as follows: Dec. 

1-9,1,400 second-feet; Jan. 14-19,607 second-feet; Feb. 12-14, 475 second-feet; Mar. 23-28, 575 second-feet; 

July 1, 515 second-feet; July 2, 520 second-feet; July 3, 525 second-feet; July 4-5,132 second-feet; July 6, 

7,8, and 9,530 second-feet; July 26-30, 442 second-feet; and Sept. 1-27,452 second-feet.

Monthly discharge ofRaquette River at Piercefield, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1914. 

[Drainage area, 723 square miles.]

Month.

Aprfl.. ..................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

849 

598 

1,100

6,310 

6,430 

1,480

6,430

Minimum.

206 

131 

193

1,230 

1,380 

141

Mean.

o411 

ol,260 

1,220

599 

474 

520

3,330 

3,880 

704

446 

431 

448

1,150

Per

square 

mile.

" 0.569 

1.74 

1.69

.828 

.656 

.720

4.61

5.37 

.974

.617 

.596 

.620

1.59

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.66 

1.94 

1.95

.95 

.68 

.83

5.14 

6.19 

1.09

.71 

.69 

.69

21.52

Accuracy.

D 

D. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

A.

A. 

A.

B. 

C. 

C.

a Estimated from records of flow of Raquette River at Massena Springs.

NOTE. Estimates indicate the flow as regulated by the dam and numerous lakes immediately above 

station.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST.. LAWBENCE RIVER, 83

RAQUETTE RIVER AT MASSENA SPRINGS, N. Y.

Location. At concrete highway bridge in Massena Springs, 8 miles below Raymondville and 10 miles above mouth of stream.

Drainage area. 1,170 square miles.

Records available. September 21 to October 17,1903; and April 9,1904, to September 30, 1914. Data published also in annual reports of New York State engineer 

and surveyor and State of New York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Chain gage attached to concrete highway bridge February 2, 1912. Original 

gage was a vertical staff fastened to a stone wall on the left bank about 50 feet 

upstream from the present bridge. On August 16,1906, it was replaced by a standard chain gage, fastened to an old highway bridge just above the present bridge. 

The datum of the chain gage was set 1.00 foot lower than that of the staff gage to 

avoid negative gage readings. The present chain gage was reset at such a datum 

that readings should be comparable with those at the former location.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Channel and control. Bed of river, coarse gravel and small bowlders; fairly permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 9.6 feet at 8.30 

a. m., May 1; discharge, 8,960 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.95 foot 

at 8.30 a. m., June 29; discharge, 175 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1903-1914: 14.2 feet between 9 and 11 a. m., March 31, 

1913; discharge, 16,500 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded for same period: 

0.8 foot at 8.30 a. m., September 21, 1913; discharge, approximately 50 secondfeet.

Regulation. The operation of a number of power plants above station has marked 

effect on the low-water discharge of the stream. These plants are usually run 

for 24-hour power, but are closed on Sundays. The effect of this closing on the 

flow is noticeable for several days.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; gage observations suspended during 

period when ice is present.

Accuracy. Discharge estimates for low-water periods may be considerably in error 

as a result of regulation of flow.

Discharge measurements of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

9

Made by 

C. S. DeGolyer.. ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.85

4.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,910

2,270

Date.

Apr. 16

Made by 

C. S. DeGolyer........

H.W.Fear. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.96

1.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,930

OCA
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Metssena Springs, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Day.

1... ................ .......

2...........................

3...........................

4........ .... . . ..

5...........................

6.........................:.

7..........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23..........................

24...........................

25...........................

26........................... 

27........................... 

28........................... 

29...........................

30........................... 

31...........................

Oct.

300

300

320

300

220

240

280

185

185

110

110

110

52

370

280

52

98

85

470

45

220

470

1.500

1,040

1,420

2,110 

1,930 

1,750 

1,750

1,750 

2,590

Nov.

1,840

1,260

1,500

1^580

1,420

1,580

1, 580

1,260

1,580

1,930

l'750

1,580

1,420

2,110

2 200

2' 200

2,110

2,200

2,590

2,390

2 Ton

2,690

2,690 

2,890 

2,590 

2,690

2,890

Dec.

2,690

2,690

2,790

2,110

2,290

2,290

2,490

I

nqfi

1,580

2 9QH

2,290

2,490

2,590

2

qnn

2,390

........

Apr.

8,200

8,050

6,310

8,200

6,870

4,250

5,770

4,490

5,900

5,240

6,310

5,640

8,050

6,450

8,650

7,600 

8,200 

8,200 

7,750

7,900

May.

8,800

8,200

8,050

7,750

8,960

7,160

6,590

6,450

7,450

6,730

6,310

8,050

6,040

5,120

4,610

4,370

4,490

4^490

4,250

4,020

3,580

3,800

2,760

2,860 

3,580 

3,680 

2,760

3,360 

3,360

June.

3,160

3,900

2,660

2,200

1,940

2,380

1,760

1,360

1,520

1,*280

1,210

1,210

1,760

1,060

1,210

785 i tun

1,520

920

1,060

572

785

785 

785 

545 

290

690

July.

690

720

752

450

290

520

850

720

990

785

630

365

365

405

850

495

495

428

520

520

428

850

365

720

385 

472 

520 

495

428 

660

Aug.

752

545

920

600

450

290

472

428

545

720

920

385

365

428

405

520

495

450

365

365

660

450

290

450

660

850 

450 

630 

920

308 

520

Sept.

1,360

1,060

520

818

'990

785

1,280

1 680

qoc

1,140

1,210

630

690

630

785

308

600

920

630

308

405

472

630

1, 140- 

1,210

260 

520

325

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a fairly well defined rating curve. New rating curve used 

Apr. 1 to Sept. 30. Discharge estimated, by comparison with flow at Piercefleld, N. Y., as follows: 

Dec. 17-31,1,660 second-feet; Apr. 6-15, 5,510 second-ieet.

Monthly discharge of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., for the year ending

 Sept. SO, 1914.

[Drainage area, 1,200 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,590 

2,890

8,650 

8,960 

3,900

990 

920 

1,680

Minimum.

52 

1,260

4,250 

2,760 

290

290 

290 

260

Mean.

666 

2,040 

2,020

6,440 

5,550 

1,460

571

536 

802

Per

square 

mile.

0.555 

1.70 

1.68

5.37 

4.62 

1.22

.476 

.447 

.668

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.64 

1.90 

1.94

5.99 

5.33 

1.36

.55 

.52

.75

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C.

B. 

B. 

B.

C. 

C. 

C.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 85

ST. REGIS RIVER AT BRASHER CENTER, N. Y.

Location.-^At the steel highway bridge in the village of Brasher Center, 5 miles 

downstream from Brasher Falls, 6J miles below junction of east and west branches 

of St. RegLs River and about 12 miles above the mouth.

Drainage area. 621 square miles (measured on Post Route map).

Records available. August 22, 1910, to September 30, 1914. Data published also 

in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and the State of New 

York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Chain, fastened to downstream side of bridge; read twice daily by Joseph 

Vanier.

Discharge measurements. At low stages made by wading; at high stages from the 

bridge.

Channel and control. Channel very rough; composed of gravel and large bowlders. 

Control fairly permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 9.1 feet at 7 a. m., 

March 27; discharge, 16,200 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 3.75 feet at 

5 p. m., August 9, 7 a. m. and 5 p. m., August 10, and 7 a. m., August 12; discharge, 105 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1910-1914: 9.1 feet at 7 a. m., March 27, 1914; discharge, 16,200 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded for same period: 3.75 feet 

at 5 p. m., August 9, 7 a. m. and 5 p. m., August 10, and 7 a. m., August 12; discharge, 105 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice; gage observations suspended during 

period when ice is present.

Accuracy. Rating curve well developed; estimates good.

Discharge measurements of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30,1914.

[Made by C. S. DeGolyer.]

Date.

Feb. 23....... .................

Apr. 17......... ...............

£&.

Feet. 

6.08

5.87

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. «339

3,120

Date.

Apr. 17.......................

Tiilv Q

46.

Feet. 

5.89

4.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,010

6320

o Backwater from ice; measurement made through ice. 6 Made by wading.
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY) 1914,, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

0

4..........

6..........

7..:.......

8..........

9

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31

Oct.

277

322

638

990

1,060

860

638

524

463

392

362

376

438

438

472

524

454

415

454

524

1,510

1,760

1,760

1,590

1,430

1,430

1,760

1,680

1,590

1,430

1,130

Nov.

1,130

925

801

690

561

561

638

690

7d9

990

1,430

1,350

1,130

1,060

990

860

860

742

638

1,430

1 Q4ft

1,760

1/590

1 i^in

1 4W

1,590

1,200

1,130

1 060

925

Dec.

801

KQrt

925

1,130

1 Afin

860

oon

1,130

1 '860 060

860

742

690

860

1,200

1,510

925

QQft

1,680

1,130

860

860

860

742

638

Feb.

339

Mar.

8,150

6,850

6,050

4,600

Apr.

3,950

6,850

5,650

4,600

3

QKf|

2,480

3,090

1,640

i O4n

1,940

1 Qjn

1,640

1,640

1 AJfi

1,380

1,810

2,830

3,360

3,950

7,700

7,250

5,650

3,950

3, 950

2,830

2,830

3,950

4,270

4,270

4,270

May.

4,270

3,360

2,710

2,360

2,150

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,740

1,460

1 220 '880

1,000

880

940

820

600

710

655

550

710

600

428

455

600

600

655

520

500

455

410

June.

428

500

500

455

550

600

580

500

600

550

395

335

302

240

270

283

372

302

302

335

322

350

372

302

270

258

350

258

270

500

July.

500

482

650

395

QOO

302

350

qoo

322

283

283

222

205

240

372

240

210

200

152

240

200

200

283

283

283

240

372

240

200

185

Aug.

152

1 1\9

210

222

160

128

120

114

105

120

114

140

222

200

160

152

258

210

200

210

302

222

170

185

152

120

210

185

283

410

Sept.

820

820

Q4rt

940

765

500

655

710

820

655

395

302

222

410

322

240

185

200

170

128

160

160

140

120

120

152 2i<r

520

550

NOTE. Daily discharge for open-water periods determined from well-defined rating curves. New 

rating curve used since Mar. 28,1914. Discharge Dec. 27-31, estimated at 760 second-feet. Daily discharge 

Apr. 2-4, when discharge relation was affected by backwater from ice jam, estimated by hydrograph study 

of backwater conditions.

Monthly discharge of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1914.

[Drainage area, 621 square miles.]

Month.

April......... .......................... . May.....................................

July...... ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,760 

1,940 

1,680

7,700 

4,270 

600

550 

410 

940

Minimum.

277 

561 

590

1,380 

410 

240

152 

105 

120

Mean.

893 

1,080 

919

3,570 

1,230 

388

291 

185 

426

Per 

square 

mile.

1.44

1.74 

1.48

5.75 

1.98 

.625

.469 

.298 

.686

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.66 

1.94 

1.71

6.42 

2.28 

.70

.54

.34

.77

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A.

B. 

A. 

A.

B. 

B. 

A.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 87

DEER RIVER AT BRASHER IRON WORKS, N. Y.

Location. About 1,000 feet below steel highway bridge in the village of Brasher 

Iron Works (railroad station is Ironton) and 2 miles above the confluence of Deer 

River with St. Regis River in Helena, N. Y. No important tributaries enter between gage and mouth of river. A small creek enters from the left about 1 mile 

above station.

Drainage area. 206 square miles (measured on Post Route map).

Records available. July 25, 1912, to September 30,1914. Data published also in 

annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

Gage. Sloping staff gage, 32 feet long, graduated from 0:5 to 11 feet; read morning 

and evening. Gage reader, Alex. Barlow.

Discharge measurements. During medium and high stages made from the bridge; 

at low stages by wading a short distance above bridge.

Channel and control. Stream bed at bridge, solid rock; smooth. Control, about 

300 feet below gage, consists of gravel and is fairly permanent.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 9.0 feet at 6 p. m., 

March 26; discharge, approximately 8,900 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 

0.9 foot at 6 p.m., July 27; 7 a.m. and 6.30 p.m., July 22; 7 p. m., August 9; and 

7 a. m., August 10; discharge, 25 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1912-1914: 9.3 feet at 4 p. m., January 17,1913; discharge, approximately 9,700 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded for same 

period: 0.80 foot at 6 a. m., August 20,1913, and 7 a. m. September 14,1913; discharge, 17 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Gage observations suspended during period when ice is present.

Accuracy. Rating curve well defined below 3,500 second-feet.

The following discharge measurement was made by wading by C. S. De Golyer: 

July 9, 1914: Gage height, 1.36 feet; discharge, 75 second-feet. 
88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Deer River at Brasher Iron Works, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30,1914.

Day.

1.. .................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

30

51

166

1OQ

143

112

102

85

78

64

64

64

77

86

71

71

78

70

71

96

392

309

225

180

239

212

279

199

180

175

Nov.

143

122

117

122

115

99

309

251

1OQ

177

1fi4

151

133

115

113

119

375

341

279

OQ9

294

251

175

164

137

151

Dec.

171

IQA

1OQ

070

070

238

199

199

199

187

225

187

265

375

309

225

01 o

225

153

149

17C

225

187

143

187

1OQ

Mar.

294

97Q

225

212

2,810

1,500

1,190

864

704

Apr.

864 i ion

656

AAR

428

375

309

410

808

610

610

610

375

251

656

8fi4

704

SAt

1,420

1,500

980

7fl4

524

465

610

980

704

754

1,050

May.

656

375

309

325

294

279

251

225

341

171

157

149

153

149

124

124

102

107

93

91

86

88

85

82

ox

74

85

82

64

63

June.

61

74

78

82

85

85

58

64

72

72

63

72

71

58

45

33

57

68

64

58

56

47

61

66

74

64

48

35

52

93

July.

96

92

85

85

78

85

74

96

82

72

59

52

51

37

45

46

46

40

37

40

27

 25

44

61

53

46

44

44

46

45

44

Aug.

44

40

44

30

45

40

37

37

97

30

30

46

48

46

51

53

64

64

58

52

78

64

58

48

35

46

44

40

53

85

102

Sept.

124

157

149

124

102

74

88

124

115

107

96

92

92

68

68

74

68

52

46

48

41

33

58

71

52

61

68

58

64

58

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 3,500 second-feet. Discharge 

Dec. 29-31, estimated at 187 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Deer River at Brasher Iron Works, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

. 30, 1914.

[Drainage area, 206 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

392

392 

375

1,500 

656 

93

96 

102 

157

MiTtfrTTiHTP^ .

30 

99 

143

251 

63 

33

25

27 

33

Mean.

142 

186 

210

703 

187 

63.9

57.3

49.6 

81.1

Per

square 

mile.

0.689 

.903 

1.02

a 41

.908 

.310

.278 

.241 

.394

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.79 

1.01 

1.18

3.80 

1.05 

.34

.32

.28 

.44

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B.

RICHELIEU RIVER AT FORT MONTGOMERY, ROUSES POINT, N. Y.

Location. About naif a mile from the head of Richelieu River, the outlet of Lake 

Champlain, about 1 mile northeast of the village of Rouses Point and three-eighths 

mile south of the international boundary; in the fort.

Drainage area. 7,870 square miles, including 436 square miles of water surface 

(from Annual Report of New York State Engineer and Surveyor).
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 8Sf

Records available. 1875 to September 30, 1914. Data also published in the reports of the New York State engineer and surveyor and the Deep Waterway 

Survey.

Gaga. Staff; read once daily. Elevation of gage zero is 92.50 feet above mean sea 

level.

Extremes of stage.. Maximum stage recorded during year: 99.65 feet at 10 a. m., 

May 3. Minimum stage recorded: 92.6 feet at 10 a. m., October 14 and 16. Maximum stage recorded 1869-1914: 103.28 1 feet. Minimum stage recorded: 

91.9 feet, November 13, 1908. (These elevations refer to mean sea level. See 

"Gage.")

Cooperation. Gage heights observed under the direction of the Corps of Engineers 

of the United States Army, and reported weekly to the United States Geological 

Survey.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Richelieu River at Fort Motgomery, Rouses Point, N. T"., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4.............. 

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21. ..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

0.20

.25

.30

.30 

.35

.45

.45

.40

.35

.30

.60

.35

.30

.10

.25

.10

.20

.50

.20

.40

.50

.40

1.10

.40

.30

.35

.50

60

.60 

.50 

.55

Nov.

0.75

.55

75

.60 

.50

.70

.75

.80

60

1.20

.70

.60

.85

.60

.60

.657*;

.75

.65

.70

.70

.80

.75

fifi

.70

.65

.70

1.00

.75 

.80

Dec.

.80

60

.80

.85

.75

.95

1.00

1.20

.70

1.20

1.10

1.00

1.10

1.15

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.30

1.10

1.05

1 00

1.10

1.10

1.15

1.10

1.05 

1.15 

1.05

Jan.

1.05

1.10

1

AA

.90 

.90

1.00

95

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.05 i nr>

.95

1 00

1.00

on

.95

1.00

on

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

95

1.00

1.05

1.00

1.10 

1.10 

1.10

reb.

1.20

1.25

1.50

1.35 

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.45

1.45

1.35

1.45

1.40

1.50

1.50

1 50

1 45

1 40

1.40

1 45

1 40

1.45

1.45

1.40

1 45

.......

Mar.

1

QK

1 40

1.50 

1 60

1 60

J.65

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.70

1.70

1.70

1 60

1.70

1.70

1 80

1 ft**

1 90

2 DA

2.10 9 fift

9 AA

9 HA

2.05

2.20

2

AK

2.70 

3.00 

3.20

Apr.

3 40

3.50

3 Sift

4.00 

4 fift

4.10

4.10

4.10

4.40

4.60

4.80

4.90

5

AA

5.00

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.50

6.50

6.50

6.80

6.80

7.00

6.80

6 90

6.80 

6.90

May.

7.00

7.10

7.15

7.10

7 00

7.00

7 00

6.90

6.80

6.80

6.60

6.50

6.40

6.30

6.20

6.10

6.00

s.eo

5 Oft

5.70

5.60

5.45 t* "it\

5.20

5.30

5.20

4.90

4.60

4.70 

4.80 

4.50

June.

d ^fi

4.10

4 00

4.10 

3.80

3.85

3.70

3.80

3.80

3.50

3.50

3.30

3.25

3.20

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

9 fifi

2.70

2.70

9 7A

9 fifi

2.50

2.50

2.20

2 in

2.50 

2.35

July.

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.20 

2.15

2.10

2.00

2.05

2.00

2.10

2.10

1.90

2.10

2.00

2.05

2.00

1.90

1 80

1.75

1.50

1.50

1.55

1.40

1.50

1.40

1.40

I

on

1.10 

1.30 

1.40

Aug.

1.35

1.40

1 30

1.30 

1.30

3.45

1 40

1.10

1.00

1.10

.90

.85

1.00

.85

.80

Qfi

1.00

.95

1.00

1.10

1.00

1.10

fifi

.75

.80

80

7R

.80 

.80 

.90

Sept.

1.00

1.20

1.00

.95 

1.10

1.20

1.00

.70

.80

.80

.85

.80

.85

.85

.85

x .80

.75

.70

.70

.80

.75

.80

.70

.65

.70

.60

.40

.50

.60 

.40

SARANAC RIVER NEAR PLATTSBURG, N. Y.

Location. At the Indian Rapids power plant (formerly known as Lozier dam) of 

the Plattsburg Gas & Electric Co., about 6 miles above mouth of river at Plattsburg.

Drainage area. 607 square miles (from United States Geological Survey topographic

Records available. March 27,1903, to September 30, 1914. Data published also 

in the annual reports of the New York State engineer and surveyor and the 

State of New York Conservation Commission.

i Hoyt, J. C., Stream Measurements, 1903, North Atlantic, St. Lawrence River, and Great Lakes drainage: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper, 97, p. 340.
90 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PABT IV.

Gage. Crest gage, a vertical staff in the angle of the wing wall at the end of the intake 

racks; datum raised 0.76 foot August 20, 1906. Tailrace gage, a vertical staff 

spiked to timber crib dike between tailrace and river and about 50 feet below 

power house. Datum has changed slightly by settling of cribwork. An inclined 

staff gage at the- cable station has been used to determined a discharge rating at 

that point. Records of kilowatt output are obtained from readings of watt meter 

on switchboard at half-hour intervals.

Discharge measurements. Made from cable at head of Indian Rapids one-fourth 

mile below the dam; low-water measurements made by wading under cable or 

in tailrace.

Discharge rating. Records include flow over a concrete spillway 171.25 feet in 

crest length, a rating for which has been prepared by the use of coefficients derived 

from experiments made in the hydraulic laboratory of Cornell University on a 

model section of the dam; 1 the discharge through two power units equipped with 

300 kilowatt generators which have been rated by current-meter measurements; 

and the discharge through two 5-foot waste gates when open.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum daily discharge recorded during yeai: 6,410 

second-feet, April 20. Minimum discharge recorded: 90 second-feet, September 28.

Maximum daily discharge recorded 1908-1914: 6,410 second-feet, April 20,1914. 

Minimum daily discharge recorded: 90 second-feet, September 28, 1914.

Regulation. The lakes and ponds on the main stream and tributaries above the 

station comprise a water surface area of about 25.5 square miles. The natural 

storage afforded by these reservoirs has been largely increased by the State dam 

at Lower Saranac Lake, the operation of which affects the distribution of flow 

throughout the year.

Accuracy. At low stages there is considerable fluctuation in discharge from the 

operation of automatic governors on the wheel gates. Errors due to this cause 

are largely compensated by the use of 48 observations a day. A comparison made 

in July, 1914, of the discharge at the cable station, as determined by a portable 

recording gage, and the discharge as computed by the power plant ratings showed 

a very close agreement for the daily means.

Cooperation. Gage-height records and watt-meter readings furnished by Plattsburg 

Gas & Electric Co.. Herbert A. Stutchbury, superintendent.

Discharge measurements of Saranac River near Plattsburg, JV. Y., during the yew ending

Sept. 30,1914.

Date.

May 13

13

26

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage height."

Feet. 

2.88

2.86

2.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1 300

l'220

6584

Date.

July 8

8

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height."

Feet. 

2.22

2.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 6620

6584

Slope gage at cable section. 6 Made by wading.

1 Horton, R. E., Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 

200, pp. 98-100,1907.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 91

Monthly discharge ofSaranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y.,for the years ending Sept. SO,

1909-1914.

[Drainage area, 607 square miles.]

Month.

1908-9.

May...........................................

July...........................................

1909-10. 

October* ......................................

November. ....................................

January .......................................

April..........................................

MVlTT

July...........................................

The year................................

1910-11. 

October........................................

November.....................................

January. ..........................

February. ....................... .............

March.................................... ....

May...........................................

July...........................................

August........................... .... . .

September.. .. ................................

The year ................................

Discharge In second-feet.

Maximum.

420 

600 

410

1,000 

1,270 

1,060

5,150 

3,840 

1,630

600 

465 

570

5,150

540 

610 

520

630 

570 

2,770

2,030 

2,200 

1,330

470 

410 

690

2,770

660 

770 

475

540 

490 

1,690

3,260 

2,210 

1,160

610 

370 

530

3,260

Minimum.

230 

165 

140

230 

355 

440

840 

1,290 

270

275 

245 

135

135

210

225 

260

310 

305

720

750 

700 

320

255 

250 

300

210

295 

295 

220

265 

350 

330

850 

830 

630

170 

140 

190

140

Mean.

294 

330 

309

406 

785 

756

2,520 

2,040 

903

412 

346 

341

785

353 

437 

375

402 

394 

1,510

1,240 

982 

724

319 

333

365

618

436 

455

385

412 

397 

613

1,960 

1,320

788

394 

266

346

647

Per 

square 

mile.

0.484 

.543 

.509

.668 

1.29 

1.24

4.15 

3.36 

1.49

.678 

.570 

.561

1.29

.581 

.719 

.617

.662 

.649 

2.49

2.04 

1.62 

1.19

.526 

.549 

.601

1.02

.718 

.750 

.634

.679 

.654 

1.01

3.23 

2.17 

1.30

.649 

.438 

.570

1.06

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.56 

.61 

.59

.77 

1.34 

.4

4.63 

3.87 

1.66

.78 

.66 

.63

17.53

.67 

.80 

.71

.76 

.68 

2.87

2.28

1.87 

1.33

.61

.63 

.67

13.88

.83 

.84 

.73

.78 

.68 

1.16

3.60 

2.50 

1.45

.75 

.56 

.64

14.46
92 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Monthly discharge o/Saranac Rwer near Plattsburg, N. Y.,for the years ending Sept. 30,

1909-1914 Continued.

'Month.

1911-12. 

October .......................................

March.............

April..........................................

July...........................................

1912-13.

November .....................................

January. ......................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

1913-14.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

585 

770 

1,300

670 

550 

930

5,580 

2,120 

2,170

485 

520 

1,670

5,580

1,130 

1,500 

1,180

2,960 

1,080 

6,090

4,960 

2,170 

1,360

490 

535 

500

6,090

680 

1,050 

970

710 

640 

1,760

6,410 

2,870 

670

560 

625

580

6,410

Minimum.

275 

325 

360

300

340 

255

570

750 

265

255 

225 

430

225

320 

560 

500

660

465 

400

1,240 

450 

370

260 

160 

155

155

250 

325 

440

320 

430 

420

950 

430 

305

260 

250 

90

90

Mean.

378 

463 

757

463 

419 

491

2,300 

1,180 

869

371 

361

855

742

670

850 

789

1,350 

625 

2,190

2,090 

840 

719

364 

326

280

923

468 

672 

656

516 

521

677

2,310 

1,210

482

384 

368 

369

719

Per 

square 

mile.

0.623 

.763 

1.25

.763 

.690 

.809

3.79 

1.94 

1.43

.611

.595 

1.41

1.22

1.10 

1.40 

1.30

2.22 

1.03 

3.61

3.44 

1.38 

1.18

.599 

.537 

.461

1.52

.771 

1.11 

1.08

.850 

.858 

1.11

3.80 

1.99 

.793

.632 

.606 

.607

1.18

Run-oft 

(depth in 

niches or 

drainage 

area).

0.72 

.« 

1.44

.88 

.74 

.93

4.23 

2.24 

1.60

.70 

.69 

1.57

16.59

1.27 

1.56 

1.50

2.56 

1.07 

4.16

3.84 

1.59 

1.32

.69 

.62 

.51

20.69

.89 

1.24 

1.24

.98 

.89 

1.28

4.24 

2.29

.88

.73 

.70 

.68

16.04

NOTE. Discharge tables for 1908-9 and preceding years (Water-Supply Papers 97,129,170,206,244, and 

264) included flow through turbines computed from manufacturers' gate ratings; comparison of record 

with results of current-meter measurements showed the estimates to be too small, the percentage difference 

being greatest at the lower stages. Recomputation of data from Oct. 1,1908, to Dec. 31,1909, based on a 

current-meter rating of the discharge through the turbines and corresponding determinations of kilowatt 

output.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 93

AUSABLE RIVER AT AUSABLE FORKS, N. Y.

Location. In the village of Ausable Forks, immediately below the junction of the 

east and west branches and about 15 miles above mouth of river.

Drainage area. 444 square miles (measured on United States Geological Survey 

topographic maps).

Records available. August 17, 1910, to September 30, 1914. Data published also 

in the annual reports of the New York State engineer and surveyor and the 

State of New .York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Chain, on left bank, about 13 000 feet below junction of east and west branches 

of Ausable River; read twice daily by A. S. Baker.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable about 1J miles below gage, at which 

place river flows in one channel.

Channel and control. Bed consists of sand and gravel; likely to shift. Channel 

divided by an island.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 7.87 feet at 5p.m., 

April 19; approximate discharge, 10,400 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded:, 

3.5 feet at 7 a. m., February 24; discharge, 115 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1910--1914: 10.2 feet, evening of March 27, 1913; discharge, approximately 25,000 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded for same 

period: 3.03 feet at 7 a. m., July 21, 1912; discharge practically zero.

Winter flow. Discharge relation slightly affected by ice. Flow determined from 

discharge measurements and climatic records.

Accuracy. Conditions at measuring section favorable. A portable water-stage 

recorder was installed at this station and a continuous gage-height record obtained 

July 11 to September 30, inclusive, which showed a continual small fluctuation 

in stage. It was found that monthly mean discharge estimates based on 

semidaily gage heights were in error as follows: July 11 to 31, 3.5 per cent; 

August, 4.1 per cent; September, 0.5 per cent. Some of the daily discharges 

showed larger errors but these errors were compensating.

Discharge measurements of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1914.

Date.

Jan. 1

24 

Feb. 25

Mar. 23

31 

Apr. 1

1

21

Made by 

.....do. ................ 

C. S. De Golyer. .......

W.S. Easterly.........

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.72

3.65 

3.60

3.66

4.42 

4.38

4.46

6.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. o250

o6190 

o!29

235

1,040 

1,000

1,070

5,170

Date.

22 

22

July 7

7 

10 "24

Aug. 19

Made by 

C. S.DeGolyer.........

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

C.C. Covert............

3R.

Feet. 

5.52

5.41 

5.39

3.76

3.74 

3.68

3.71

3.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,950 

2,950

274

6269 

6217

6237

6177

oBackwater from ice. &Made by wading.
94 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

1*J

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

oc

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

160

462

932

694

431

367

367

292

91 fl

167

181

9Q9

292

282

226

226

496

1.700

1,330

1,250

590

QOO

976

790

1 330

655

1,330

Nov.

452

348

348

331

311

282

257

218

388

3,500

1,420

1,070

1,050

1,250

860

520

452

431

388

1,080

1,550

1,250

832

720

1 600

1,330

1,000

452

378

311

Dec.

329

388

431

520 700

QIC

QAO

1 080

7Qfl

932

508

431

388

Q9Q

320

292

241

241

OCT

OC7

QOft

257

9^7

QQQ

249

QOQ

Jan.

250

OyM

265

202

174

202

282

241

265

1,080

388

O-l Q

147

301

Af)f\

265

234

Afn

249

ojn

358

QQQ

174

846

301

OKT

320

567

Feb.

520

431

409

409

409

Cfi7

265

358

fij.9

420

1/lfl

117

70

87

127

141}

134

140

Mar.

151

179

198

185

198

1QC

198

198

204

262

198

211

1Q9

166

14A

oqfl

779

766

356

402

270

1O9

917

217

1,240

2,160

2 '230 060

140

7Q9

Apr.

550

1,240

954

766

716

620

680

562

3,190

1,160

1,320

1,320

898

818

1,040

1,240

1,080

1,760

8,400

12,100

6,490

s ion

2,840

2,380

2 1fifi

2,720

3,070

4 4Rfl

5,890

4,750

May.

2,840

3,070

1,880

2,490

2,720

1,960

2,490

1,960

1,670

1,670

1,400

1 1Afi

1,160

1,010

818

779

968

996

968

1 860

644

982

620

484

516

504

740

402

347

June.

294

294

270

310

692

484

347

310

262

262

179

166

161

161

156

156

151

166

 120

125

204

179

156

151

179

146

107

91

262

198

July.

204

217

270

217

192

347

246

319

294

204

238

319

278

211

179

161

146

115

120

135

120

125

135

198

161

161

140

146

166

172

Aug.

161

120

135

120

130

146

120

111

87

95

103

99

87

95

83

99

107

120

140

166

172

156

172

146

125

107

107

111

146

402

393

Sept.

302

230

211

230

185

140

246

384

328

294

224

194

151

146

140

140

125

115

95

83

95

103

99

111

135

140

135

254

204

211

NOTE. Daily discharge, except as noted below, determined from well-defined rating curves. New 

rating curve used beginning Mar. 1,1914. Daily discharge, Oct. 1,1913, to July 11.1914, determined from 

mean of two daily readings of gage. Discharge, July 12 to Sept. 30, determined from mean of 24 hourly 

gage heights each day as given by the portable water-stage recorder. (See "Accuracy" in station description.) Discharge Dec. 27,1913, to Jan. 27,1914, and Feb. 21-28 estimated because of ice and approximate 

only. Discharge Feb. 11-20 estimated because of ice at 391 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1914.

[Drainage area, 444 square miles.]

Month.

November. ............................

January. ................................

March.... ...............................

May.....................................

July.....................................

August... . ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,700 

3,500 

1,080

1,080 

720 

2,160

12,100 

3,070 

692

347

402 

384

12,100

Minimum.

160 

218 

241

147 

70 

140

550 

270 

91

115

83 

83

-83

Mean.

604

813 

469

337 

332 

426

2,610 

1,330

225

197 

141

182

638

Per

square 

mile.

1.36 

1.83 

1.06

.759 

.748 

.959

5.88 

3.00 

.507

.444 

.317 

.410

1.44

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.57 

2.04 

1.22

.88 

.78 

1.11

6.56 

3.46 

.57

.51 

.36 

.46

19.52

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B.

B. 

C. 

B.

B. 

A. 

A.

A.

A. 

A.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 95

LAKE GEORGE.

For the purpose of determining the rate of change and the range in elevation of the 

water surface of the lake, gages were established on Lake George in July, 1913, at 

three points Lake George, Sagamore (Bolton Landing), and Rogers Rock.

 The gage at Lake George was fastened to the concrete wall underneath the east side 

of the pagoda at Fort William Henry Hotel, near the landing used for motor boats. 

The observer is G. L. Martin.

At Sagamore the gage was fastened to the south side of the coal dock for Sagamore 

Hotel, on the west side of Green Island, about 200 feet north of the eastern end of the 

highway bridge that joins the island and the mainland. The observer is S. G. Finkle.

At Rogers Rock the gage is fastened to a pile in the back end of a covered boathouse. 

The *boathouse is in a bay on the north side of the steamboat landing. The observer 

is George O. Cook.

All gages are of the vertical-staff type, made up of standard bronze section graduated 

to feet, tenths, and half-tenths. They were not set to any particular datum, but each 

gage was referred to a substantial bench mark by the use of an engineer's level. The 

gages are read once each day to the nearest half-tenth, and the force and direction of 

the.wind are recorded.

A comparative study of gage heights at these stations and at the dam at the outlet 

of the lake indicates that the zeros of the three gages are below the crest of the dam,

as follows:

Feet.

Gage at Lake George.............................. 4.75

Gage at Sagamore ................................ 4.9

Gage at Rogers Rock ............................. 3.4

The three gages were read until June 30, 1914. Comparison of the records up to 

that date showed that one gage would indicate the mean elevation of the lake and the 

observations at Lake George and Sagamore were discontinued July 1, 1914. Data 

published also in the annual reports of the New York State engineer and surveyor 

and the State of New York Conservation Commission. The results of the observations are presented in the following tables:
96 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, a/Lake George, N. Y., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1.....

2.....

3.....

4.....

5.....

6.....

7.....

8.....

9.....

10.....

11.....

12.....

13......

14.....

15.....

16.....

17.....

18.....

19.....

20.....

21.....

22.....

23.....

24.....

25.....

26.....

27.....

28.....

29.....

30.....

31.....

October.

Lake George.

.a

 § 8

td.8

i

o

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

Wind.

pj .2

1

fl

N

N

N

N

S

S

S

N

N

N

N

S

S

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

S

S

S

N

SE

S

S

N

N

N

N

N

N

e

g

£

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Sagamore.

a

s

 si

^ ®

1

o

3.45

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.45

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.35

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.45

3.5

3.55

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.55

3.55

Wind.

a

,Q

1

fl

Cain

e

§

(*<

l.

Calm.

NE

NE

NE

Call

S

L

H

L

i.

L

Calm.

Calm.

Calm.

S

N

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

S

S

S

8

3

S

NE

S

3

S

Cain

N

H

L

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

L

L

L

i.

L

Rogers Rock.

f

1r8 tdtS

CDSP

O

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.95

1.98

1.95

1.92

1.92

1.92

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.9

2.1

1.88

1.98

1.88

1.9

1.95

2.05

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.1

Wind.

a

.3

1

5

s

N

N

N

Cain

SW

s

sw

Cain

S

SW

sw

N

N

N

N

N

S

N

S

S

SE

S

S

e

1

ft

M

H

M

H

1.

H

L

L

i.

M

M

L

L

H

M

H

M

M

H

L

H

BL

L

Calm.

N

Cain

3

S

N

SW

L

1.

M

M

M

H

November.

Lake George.

a

 f-g

 ^ S

i

o

3.2.

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.15

Wind.

aO

.afl

sw

s

N

S

NW

N

SE

S

S

S

NE

N

W

N

N

N

S

S

S

s

W

s

sw

W

N

N

N

N

S

3

e

g

ft

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Sagamore.

S

|l>+3

*£

i

O

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

Wind.

ao

.§

NW

S

N

N

Call

S

S

s

s

s

s

s

s

W

s

N

3

S

S

e

ift

M

L

L

L

i.

L

L

L

H

H

H

H

M

L

L

L

H

L

H

Calm.

Calm.

S

SW

N

S

NE

N

Cain

N

CalE

H

H

L

L

H

L

i.

L

i.

Rogers Rock.

.S

3

Si

 ^«M

<D

8P

o

2.08

2.0

2.0

2.05

2.0

1.98

1.95

1.92

1.9

2.1

2.02

2.0

2.0

1.98

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.88

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.78

1.8

Wind.

a

 3

1

s

sw

N

S

SW

SE

S

S

S

NES '

S

S

S

e

® 

I

H

M

M

H

L

H

L

L

L

H

H

L

M

Calm.

NW

N

Cain

S

S

3

Cain

S

SW

s

sw

N

N

SW

N

S

L

M

i.

H

L

M

i.

M

H

H

M

H

M

L.

M

M

« L=light; H=heavy; M=±moderate.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 97

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake George, N. Y'., during the year ending Sept. 30,1914 

Continued.

Day.

1.....

2.....

3.....

4.....

5.....

6.....

7.....

8.....

9.....

10.....

11.....

12.....

13.....

14.....

15.....

16. ....

17.....

18.....

19.....

20. ....

21.....

22. ....

23.....

24. ....

25.....

26.....

27.....

28.....

29.....

30.....

31-....

December.

Lake George.

.3

S

'§"£ r-{ a>

&>

o

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

Wind.

a

a§

£

S

S

N

N

NE

W

S

s

SB

S

N

N

W

S

s

N

N

SW

S

s

SW

NE

N

N

N

N

N

S

S

N

N

8

a> 

b

O

fa

...

...

...

...

...

Sagamore.

S

Its &£

&>

03

O

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.25

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.25

3/25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

Wind.

o

.2

1

.fci

ft

S

Cain

W

N

Cain

NE

S

Cain

S

S

Cain

8

S

fa

L

i.

L

L

i.

L

M

i.

M

M

i.

Calm.

Calm.

NW

Cain

S

S

S

s

s

Cain

N

M

i.

H

H

L

L

L

i.

L

Calm.

Calm.

NE

NE

Cain

S

S

W

NE

L

H

i.

L

L

M

M

Rogers Rock.

 s

 srs

^S=£

8>

O

1.82

1.8

1.8

1.78

1.7

1.75

1.78

1.9

1.95

1.95

1.85

1.95

1.85

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.78

1.75

1.7

1.75

1.75

1.78

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.8

Wind.

n

o

1JH

ft

S

8^

§

fa

M

Calm.

N |M

Calm.

N

S

S

S

S

S

N

S

Cain

S

S

N

S

Cain

S

S

Cain

N

Cain

N

N

N

N

N

NE

S

S

M

M

L

H

M

II

H

M

i.

M

H

L

H

i.

M

M

l.

n

i.

L

L

H

M

L

M

M

M

January.

Lake George.

a

 sis

 ^ S

60

03

0

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

Wind.

n

.2

1

ft

N

N

S

NE

NE

S

N

N

S

S

N

N

N

W

S

N

S

S

S

s

s

W

N

S

s

s

E

S

W

s

s

e '

8

o

...

Sagamore.

.S

IL

,dc2

I1

03

o

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.2

Wind.

d

.2

1

ft

SW

S

NE

NE

NE

S

S

S

Cain

NW

S

W

W

W

NE

Call

NE

NE

Cain

S

S

S

Cain

W

W

S

S

N

S

W

NE

8

8

fa

"L

L

L

II

L

L

L

i.

L

H

H

II

II

i.

L

L

i.

L

L

H

i.

L

L

L

L

L

H

L

L

Rogers Rock.

.S

'£> a>

 ^ S

«>

03

O

1.75

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.78

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.75

1.68

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.95

1.6

1.62

1.65

1.6

1.62

1.6

1.6

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.68

1.62

1.65

1.75

1.78

Wind.

n

.2

1

ft

NE

S

N

N

N

S

s.

e

o

o

L

M

L

H

H

L

H

Calm.

Calm.

S

N

SW

N

N

S

S

N

N

SW

N

S

S

S

SW

N

NW

S

NW

S

NW

S

M

L

H

M

L

L

L

H

L

M

M

L

L

M

L

H

L

H

M

H

L

M

24017° WSP 384

a L= light; H= heavy; M=moderate.
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY,, 1914,, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake George, N. Y., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1914

Continued.

Day.

1.....

2.....

3.....

4.....

5.....

6..... 7...:.

8.....

9.....

10.....

11.....

12.....

13.....

14.....

15.....

16.....

17.....

18.....

19.....

20.....

21.....

22.....

23.....

24.....

25.....

26.....

27.....

28.....

29

30

31

February.

Lake George.

.S

 E

& £

§>

S3

O

3.0

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3! 05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.15

Wind.

d

®

ft

W

S

s

W

s

s

s

NW

S

N

NB

NB

NB

NB

W

S

N

N ' NB

NB

NB

S

E

NE

S

N

S

S

e

8

0

...

...

...

Sagamore.

.S

 f-s

ag

SB

03

o

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

Wind.

a&

1

ft

S

S

S

sw

sw

NE

S

NE

NE

NE

NW

NW

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

SB

NE

NE

SB

SB

SB

SB

e

*

g

o

L

L

L

...

...

Rogers Rock.

-S

ITS fig

s>

O

1.75

1.72

1.72

1.78

1.7

1.7

1.72

1.72

1.75

1.72

1.7

1.68

1.68

1.7

1.72

1.8

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.78

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.78

1.7

1.7

1.72

Wind.

d

0

.'aS

ft

S

sw

W

W

Calr

SB

W

sw

s

N

N

N

NE

NE

N

S

Cain

SW

NE

NE

Calm

SW

N

N

SW

S

sw

Cain

e

o

8

L

M

M

H

1.

L

H

H

M

H

L

M

H

H

L

L

i.

L

M

H

i.

M

H

H

M

M

L

i.

x March.

Lake George.

.c 

&

'3 0}

60

03

O

3.15

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3 3

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.3

3.35

3.45

3.6

3.65

Wind.

d

o

1

.B

ft

NE

W

S

W

W

N

W

sw

s

s

W

s

s

N

NE

N

N

NE

S

NE

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

NE

S

S

N

e

8

0

...

Sagamore.

 S

ITS ftg

s>03

o

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.5

3.5

3.55

3.55

3.55

3.55

3.55

3.55

Wind.

8

o -S

8

ft

NE

NE

S

S

S

Cain

W

SW

W

s

s

s

s

s

s

s

sw

sw

Cain

S

S

s

s

s

s

NE

NE

NE

Cain

S

NE

e

0

S

1.

1.

.

Rogers Rock.

.9 

3

.5? ^

&£

SB

O

1.78

1.9

1.85

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.88

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.82

1.9

1.85

1.88

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.82

1.8

1.82

1.85

2.0

2.05

2.1

2.25

2.3

Wind.

d

_o

1

ft

N

N

N

SW

N

N

S

SW

s

N

N

N

NW

N

NW

SW

s

N

SW

e

g

Ps

H

L

M

M

M

M

M

H

M

M

M

L

L

L

L

H

L

H

H

Calm.

S

S . S

Cain

S

S

sw

N

N

N

N

L

M

M

i.

L

M

L

L

M

L

o L= light; H= heavy; M= moderate.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 99

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake George, N. Y., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1914

Continued.

Day.

1.....

2. ....

3.....

4.....

5.....

6.....

7.....

8.....

9.....

10. ....

11.....

12.....

13.....

14:....

15. ....

16.....

17.....

18. ....

19.....

20. . . . .

Jl.....

22.....

23.....

24.....

25.....

26. ....

27. ....

28.....

29.....

30. ....

31 ..

April.

Lake George.

a i-i

£

II

a>

SP

o

3.8

4.0

4.1

4.15

4.2

4.25

4.3

4.4

4.7

4.8

4.85

5.0

5.1

5.15

5.15

5.25

5.3

5.35

5.55

5.8

6.0

6.1

6.15

6.15

6.15

6.15

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.3

Wind.

§

'o

.53 fi

S

S

W

sw

sw

sw

sw

N

W

N

S

W

NE

N

SE

S

W

NE

SW

SW

N

SW

N

SE

S

SE

N

S

NE

NE

8

g

O

 ft)

...

...

...

Sagamore.

.S 

3

ILo> o> ^ CD

3.55

3.65

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.4

4.8

5.0

5.15

5.2

5.25

5.3

5.35

5.4

5.45

5.5

5.55

5.9

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.35

6.35

6.35

6.35

6.4

6.45

6.5

Wind.

§

1

toft

SW

NE

NE

S

NE

NE

NE

NW

SW

SW

SW

W

NW

NE

NE

NE

NE

SW

SW

Cain

Call

W

W

Cain

SE

NE

NE

SW

NE

NE

e

g

h

...

a.

a.

i.

Rogers Rock.

.S 

3

i«

CD

8P

o

2.35

2.6

2.8

2.85

2.9

2.95

2.9

3.0

3.35

3.45

3.55

3.6

3.7-

3.75

3.8

3.9

3.95

4.05

4.2

4.5

4.72

4.8

4.75

4.75

4.8

4.8

4.85

4.88

4.85

4.92

Wind.

1

1

toft

S

N

N

S

N

SW

NE

N

SW

SW

s

swN"

S

s

N

CalE

S

S

N

NW

SW

NE

NW

S

Calr

N

S

N

N

e.

8

0

L

H

M

M

M

H

L

L

M

H

H

H

M

M

M

H

a.

M

M

H

M

H

H

M

H

l.

L

L

H

H

May.

Lake George.

S

II

CD

SP

o

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.25

6.25

6.25

6.25

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.05

6.0

5.95

5.9

5.9

5.85

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.75

5.75

5.7

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.55

5.55

5.55

5.5

5.45

Wind.

§

1

to

O

NW

W

SE

SE

S

N

N

NE

S

W

N'

NW

NW

NE

W

S

W

W

sw

sw

s

s

NW

NW

SE

S

NE

W

SW

S

W

e

g

o

...

Sagamore.

 2 

3

II

CD

O1

6.5

6.45

6.45

6.4

6.4

6.35

6.35

6.3

6.3

6.25

6.25

6.2

6.15

6.1

6.5

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.95

5.95

5.9

5.9

5.85

5.85

5.8

5.75

5.75

5.7

5-7

5.65

Wind.

§

SJ-l

s

NE

NE

e

g

^

Calm.

N L

Calm.

Cain.

Calm.

NE

NE

SW

SW

Calm.

Calm.

W I L

Cain

NE

I.

Calm.

Calm.

Calm.

CalE

W

W

CalE

S

S

s

I.

L

L

1.

L

L

L

Cajm.

Calm.

NW L

Calm.

SW L

Rogers Rock.

s

II

CD

4.95

4.98

.4.95

4.92

4.88

4.8

4.8

4.78

4.75

4,7

4.65

4.6

4.65

4.62

4.55

4.5

4.5

4.48

4.45

4.4

4.38

4.35

4.32

4.32

4.35

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.18

4.15

Wind.

1

ts

to°

N

N

e

g

to

H

H

Calm.

N |M

CalE

N

" Calr

S

N

SW

N

N

SW

S

N

N

a.

H

a.

L

L

M

M

L

L

L

M

M

Calm.

S IM

s |L

CalE

CalE

S

SW

s

s

s

sw

NE

S

s

s

l.

l.

M

H

L

M

H

H

H

L

M

M

«L=light; H= heavy; M= moderate.
100 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1914, PAKT IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake George, N. Y., during the year ending Sept. 30,1914 

Continued.

Day.

1..... 

2. .... 

3..... 

4.....

5.....

6..... 

7..... 

8..... 

9..... 

10.....

11..... 

12. .... 

13. .... 

14..... 

15.....

16..... 

17.....

18. .... 

19. .... 

20.....

21..... 

22..... 

23..... 

24..... 

25.....

26. .... 

27. ....

28..... 

29. .... 

30. .... 

31.....

June.

Lake George.

_g

C5

5.45 

5.45 

5.45 

5.45 

5.45

5.45 

5.4 

5.4 

5.4 

5.4

5.4 

5.4 

5.35 

5.35 

5.3

5.25 

5.2 

5.15 

5.15 

5.15

5.1 

5.1 

5.1 

5.1 

5.1

5.05 

5.05

5.0 

5.0 

5.0

Wind.

a 

3

N 

W 

SE 

SB 

NW

N 

W 

NE 

S 

NW

W 

N 

NE 

NE 

S

S 

N 

S 

S 

N

N 

N 

W 

N 

N

S

NE

NE 

S

NE

e

8

e

Sagamore.

i.

<o

o

5.65

5! 6 

5.6 

5.6

5.55 

5.55 

5.55 

5.5 

5.5

5.5 

5.45 

5.45

Wind.

1

3

'Calr 

Cain 

NE 

Cain 

Cain

Cain 

S 

Cain

N 

N

N 

Cain 

Cain

e 

o>

I

a. 

a.

i. 

a.

i. 

L 

i. 

L 

L

L 

a. 

a.

Rogers Rock.

.a

03

SP

o

4.15 

4.1 

4.1 

4.15 

4.12

4.1

4.1- 

4.1 

4.1 

4.1

4.05 

4.05 

4.0 

3.98 

4.0

3.9

3.9 

3.88 

3.9 

3.8

3.8 

3.8 

3.78 

3.8 

3.78

3.7

3.68 

3.65 

3.7 

3.6

Wind.

1

i

N 

N 

Cain 

Cain

N

Calr 

S 

Cain 

S 

.SW

Calr 

SW 

SW 

S 

SW

NW 

SW 

S 

S 

SW

Calr 

Cain 

SW 

S 

S

N 

N 

S 

S 

N

e 

§

M 

M 

1 

i. 

M

a. 

M 

i. 

M 

M

i. 

M 

L 

L 

M

M 

L

M 

H 

H

a. 

a. 

L

M 

L

L 

M 

M

M 

M

July.

Rogers Rock.

d

I

3.62 

3.65 

3.68 

3.65 

3.65

3.65 

3.65 

3.7 

3.65 

3.6

3.65 

3.6 3.62- 

3.6 

3.6

3.6 

3.65 

3.62 

3.55 

3.6

3.55 

3.5 

3.5

3.45 

3.45

3.4 

3.38 

3.35 

3.25 

3.28 

3.3

Wind.

1

N 

Cain 

S 

S 

S

N 

N 

S 

Cain 

S

S 

Cain 

S 

S 

S

S 

S 

S 

NW 

S

S 

Cain

S 

N 

S

NW 

N 

N 

N 

N 

S

e

L 

a. 

L 

L 

L

L 

M 

M 

a. 

M

M 

a. 

L 

M 

L

M 

H 

M 

M 

L

M 

i. 

M 

M 

L

M 

M 

M 

H 

L 

L

August.

Rogers Rock.

.a'

'53 IE 

 ^ 2 

o>

O

3.28 

3.3 

3.28 

3.25 

3.2

3.25 

3.22 

3.2 

3.15 

3.18

3.2 

3.05 

3.1 

3.12 

3.08

3.08 

3.1 

3.1 

3.05 

3.05

3.2 

3.1 

3.05 

3.05 

3.1

3.0 

3.0 

3.02 

3.05 

3.15 

3.05

Wind.

14-3

1 

ft

S 

S 

N 

N 

S

S 

S 

Cain 

Cain 

S

S 

N 

Cain 

S 

Call

Calr 

Cain 

S 

S 

S

S 

N 

S 

N 

Cak

N 

Cain

S 

N 

SW

N

e 

o

o

L 

M 

H 

L 

M

M 

L

a. 

a. 

M

M 

H 

a. 

H 

i.

i. 

a. 

M 

L 

M

M 

M 

H 

M 

i.

M 

a. 

L 

M 

L 

L

September.

Rogers Rock.

.a

<B 

O

3.12 

3.12 

3.15 

3.12 

3.1

3.05 

3.1 

3.0 

2.98 

2.92

2.9

2.88 

2.85 

2.85 

2.8

2.8 

2.78 

2.75 

2.7 

2.7

2.7 

2.68 

2.68 

2.62 

2.6

2.6 

2.55 

2.55 

2.55 

2.5

Wind.

<o

3

s 

s 

s

SW

s

s 

s

N 

N 

N

N 

N 

N 

Cain 

S

N 

Cain

N 

N 

N

Calr 

S 

S

N 

N

N 

N 

N 

Cain 

E

e

i

M 

M 

M 

H 

M

M 

M

M 

M 

L

M 

M 

M 

a. 

L

L 

i.

L

a. 

L 

M 

M 

M

M 

H 

M 

i.

M

«L= light; H= heavy; M= moderate.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 101

LAKE CHAMPLAIN AT BURLINGTON, VT.

Location. On the south side of the roadway leading to the dock of the Champlain 

Transportation Co., at the foot of King Street, Burlington.

Eecords available. May, 1907, to September 30, 1914. Data published also in the 

annual reports of the New York State engineer and 'surveyor and the State of 

New York Conservation Commission.

Gage. Staff; read once daily. Comparisons of gage readings indicate that the zero 

of the gage at Burlington is at practically the same elevation as that of the gago at 

Fort Montgomery, namely, 92.50 feet above mean sea level.

Extremes of stage. Maximum stage recorded during year: 7.5 feet, May 1. Minimum stage recorded: 0.50 foot at various times during October, 1913.

Maximum stage recorded 1907-1914: 8.20 feet, April 7, 1913. Minimum stage 

recorded for same period: 0.25 foot, December 4, 1908.

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished through the courtesy of Mr. D. A. Looinis, 

general manager of the Champlain Transportation Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain River at Burlington, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914-

Day.

1... ........... 

2..............

3.............. 

4.............. 

5..............

6..............

7.............. 

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.............. 

12.............. 

13.............. 

14.............. 

15..............

16.............. 

17.............. 

18.............. 

19..............

20..............

21.............. 

22.............. 

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

0.50 

.50

.55 

""."6,6" 

.63

.65

.65 

.65

r63

.62 "".'eo'

.60 

.60

.62 

.62 

.63

.65

.65 

.65 

.65

.65

.65

.70

.75 

.80 

.80 

.80

Nov.

0.80

.80 

.80 

.78

.78

.80 

.80

.80

.82 

.82 

.85 

.85 

.85

""."87" 

.87 

.90

90

.92 

.92

Q9

95

.95

.98 

1.00

Dec.

1.05 

1.05

1.08 

1.10 

1.10

1.15 "i.'is"

1.18

1.20

1.20

1.20 

1.20

1.20 

1.22 

1.22

1

OK

1.25

L28

1.30

I

on

1.30

L32 

1.32

Jan.

1.32 

"i."28"

1.28

1.25 

1.25 

1.25

1.22

L20 

1.20 

1.20

i 10

1 1Q

1.18 

1.18 

1.18

1.18

1.17

1.17

1.17 

1.17 

1.18 

1.18

Feb.

"i.'i?"

1.17 

1.15 

1.15

1.10

1.05

.......

.......

Mar.

.......

"i.'es"

"i.'so'

1.68 

1.80

2.10

9 17

2.22

2.30

2.60 "3." is'

3. 40

Apr.

3.52

3.80

4.00 

4.12

4.21

4.26 

4.34

4.55

4.90 

4.99 "5." is"

5.18 

5.20

5.24 

5.32

5.38

5."74

6.35

6.73 

6.98

6.98

6.95

7.05

7.10 

7.20 

7.35

May.

7.50 

7.45 "Tso"

7.28 

7.24

7.18 

7.12

7.05

6.95 

6.88 

6.78 

6.60 

6.55

6.50 "e.'so"

6.08

5.82

5.72 

5.60 

5.50

5.25

5.16

5.08

4.90 

4.75 

4.60

June.

4.50 

4.38

4.29 

4.22 

4.16

4.02

"3~90"

3.78

3.65

3.60 

3.55

3.48 "3." §6"

3.22 

3.15 

3.03 

2.90

 2.78

"i'es"

2,65

2.62

2.58

2.55

2.55

"2. 55 

2.52

July.

2.52 

2.50

2.50 

"2." 43 

2.43

2.38 

2.38 

2.32

2.30 

2.30

"2." 24"

2.22 

2.18

2.16 

2.16 

2.16

2.13

2.13

2.12 

2.12

1.94

1.72

1.61

1.60 

1.59

Aug.

1.55

1.48 

1.48 

1.47

1.43

1.42 

1.42

1.37

1.36 

1.36 

1.33 

1.32 

1.32

L25 

1.21

1.17

1.16 

1.12

1.08

1.05

1.03

1 00

1.00 

1.00 "i.'os"

Sept.

1.03 

1.05

1.05 

1.08 

1.10

1.10

1.08 

1.06

1.06

1.04 

1.03 ""i.'oo

1.00

1.00 

.95 

.95 

.90

.87 

.87 

.87

.85 -.85

.85

.83 

.82

.82

NOTE. The lake was frozen completely over Feb. 13. The thickest ice recorded was 16 inches Mar. 

16 and 23. No information as to date on which lake opened. Ice was reported 4i inches thick Apr. 6.
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

WINOOSKI RIVER AT MONTPELIER, VT.

Location. At a point opposite Green Mount Cemetery, about a mile downstream - 

from the covered wooden highway bridge in Montpelier. Dog River enters from 

the left about three-eighths of a mile downstream, and Worcester Branch of 

Winooski River enters from the right about 1£ miles upstream. Prior to June 16, 

1914, station was located at highway bridge.

Drainage area. 420 square miles (approximate).

Records available. May 19, 1909, to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Gurley 7-day graph water-stage recorder on right bank about 100 feet above 

buildings of caretaker of cemetery; installed July 4,1914. Prior to June 16,1914, 

chain gage on highway bridge; June 16 to July 3, 1914, staff gage at new site.

Discharge measurements. Made from cable 250 feet above the water-stage 

recorder or by wading. Measurements at original site made from bridges or by 

wading.

Channel and control. Control for the gage at new location sharply defined by a 

rock outcrop about 500 feet downstream. Control section for gage at highway 

bridge formed by reef of rocks about 200 feet downstream.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 13.8 feet (chain 

gage) on afternoon of April 20; discharge not computed. Minimum stage recorded 

during year: 2.77 feet (water-stage recorder) at 5 a. m., August 13; discharge, 

17 second-feet.

Elevations of high water marked by the caretaker of the cemetery on a barn 

near the new gage site were determined by leveling in July, 1914, as follows: 

High water of February 15,1908,16.6 feet; April 14,1909,15.1 feet; April 7,1912, 

17.3 feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice.

Regulation. Operation of the plant of the Colton Manufacturing Co. causes decided 

diurnal fluctuation in discharge at low stages. Fluctuations in discharge of 

Worcester Branch are also apparent at this station. 1

Accuracy. Mean daily discharge not determinable from two gage readings a day 

owing to large diurnal fluctuations. Estimates based on continuous gage-height 

record considered good, and the discharge corresponding to two gage readings a 

day taken from continuous gage record, from July 4 to September 30, is given to 

provide means of comparing the old record with the new.

Discharge measurements of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,'during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

27&

May 15

16

29

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

C. S. DeGolyer.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.86

7.85

5.07

4.99

4.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,760

3,170

592

574

311

Date.

July 1

2

19

21

Made by 

C. S. DeGolyer.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.86

3 09

4.19

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

257

268

361

39.1

170

a Measurement made from highway bridge; conditions unfavorable for good results. 

& Made from railroad bridge.

NOTE. Gage heights corresponding to measurements made previous to July 1 refer to chain gage at 

highway bridge. Gage heights corresponding to measurements beginning July 1, refer to gage at new 

location. All measurements, except those of Apr. 23, 25, and 27, were made by wading. Results of 

measurements July 2,19, and 21, are of doubtful accuracy.

1 See Pierce, C. H., Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining records of stream 

flow: TJ. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 375-F, p. 139, fig. 30,1915.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. ios

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of WinoosK River at Montpdier, Vt., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914.

[Chain gage at highway bridge.)

Day.

1..............

2.... ..........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6.......... . .

7..............

8..............

9.......... ..

10..............

11.............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18............

19.......... .

20.............

21..............

22.1..........

23. .......... v .

24.. ....... ..T.

25

26............

27..............

28............ .

29............ .

30...............

31..............

October.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

3.8 

3.9 

3.4 

4.1 

4.0

3.6 

3.7 

3.7 

3.8 

3.85

4.0 

3.95 

4.0 

4.3 

4.3

4.2 

4.1 

3.8 

3.5 

4.3

5.<r

4.75 

4.8 

4.9 

5.0

5.1 

5.0

4.8 

4.6 

4.6 

4.4

Discharge.

109 

133 

37 

189 

160

68' 

87 

87 

109 

121

160 

146 

160 

254 

254

220 

189 

109 

51 

254

565 

432 

455 

505 

565

625 

565 

455 

368 

368 

290

P.M.

Gage 

height.

3.85 

4.0 

3.3 

4.2 

3.9

3.7 

3.65 

3.8 

3.9 

4.0

4.0 

4.0 

4.0 

4.4 

4,3

4.3 

4.0 

3.9 

3.6 

4.4

5.2

4.7 

4.9 

5.0 

5.05

5.1

5.1 

4.7 

4.65 

4.55 

4.5

Discharge.

121

160 

25 

220 

133

87 

78 

109 

133 

160

160 

160 

160 

290 

254

254 

160 

133 

68 

290

690 

410

505 

565 

595

625 

625 

410 

389 

348 

328

November.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

4.4 

4.1 

4.3 

4.2 

4.3

4.3 

4.3 

4.15 

4.2 

4.3

4.15 

4.05 

4.15 

4.25 

4.75

4.15 

4.15 

4.25 

4.35 

5.05

5.15

4.55 

4.15 

4.35 

4.35

4.25 

4.1 

4.05 

4.25 

4.15

Discharge.

290 

189 

254 

220 

254

254 

254 

204 

220 

254

204 

174 

204 

237 

432

204 

204 

237 

272 

595

688 

348 

204 

272 

272

237 

189 

174 

237 

204

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.3 

4.0 

4.4 

4.3

4.35

4.3 

4.2 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3

4.05 

4.1

4.15 

4.45 

4.35

4.05 

4.25 

4.25 

4.55 

5.6

4.75 

4.45 

4.25 

4.45 

4.4

4.25 

4.05 

4.25 

4.35 

4.05

Discharge.

254 

160 

290 

254 

272

254 

220 

254 

254 

254

174 

189 

174 

309 

272

174 

237 

237 

348 

960

432 

309 

237 

309 

290

237

174 

237 

272 

174

December.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

4.35 

4.35 

4.35 

4.45 

4.5

4.35 

4.15 

4.65 

4.75 

4.45

4.4 

4.45 

4.45 

4.4 

4.45

4.35 

4.25 

4.25 

4.35 

4.35

4.15

4.45 

4.35 

4.25 

4.25

4.25

4.45 

4.55 

4.45 

4.55

Discharge.

272 

272

272 

309 

328

272 

204 

389 

432 

309

290 

309 

309 

290 

309

272 

237 

237 

272 

272

204 

309 

272

237 

237

237 

309 

348 

309 

348

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.45 

4.35 

4.4 

4.55 

4.45

4.25 

4.25 

5.05 

4.6 

4.45

4.45 

4.45 

4.45 

4.45 

4.4

4.35 

4.3 

4.4 

4.45 

4.35

4.0 

4.55 

4.3 

4.35 

4.25

4.3 

4.55 

4.6 

4.45 

4.55

Discharge.

309 

272 

290 

348 

309

237 

237

595 

368 

309

309 

309 

309 

309 

290

272 

254 

290 

309 

272

160

348 

254 

272 

. 237

254 

348 

368 

309 

348
104 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

^1. .............

18..............

19...............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..."...........

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

March.

A. M.

Gage 

height.

4.2

4.4 

4.8 

4.9 

4.5 

4.6

4.9 

4.6 

4.65 

4.9 

4.7

4.65 

6.2 

7.1 

6.9 

6.0 

5.7

Discharge.

220

290 

455 

505 

328

368

505 

368 

389 

505 

410

389 

1,480 

2,360 

2, 160 

1,300 

1,040

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.3

4.6 

5.1 

4.6 

4.6 

4.65

4.7 

4.8 

4.7 

4.6 

4.5

5.0 

6.9 

7.2 

6.4 

6.2 

5.8

Discharge.

254

368 

625 

368 

368 

389

410 

455 

410 

368 

328

565 

2,160 

2,470 

1,660 

1,480 

1,120

April.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

6.0 

7-0 

6.2

5.7

5.7

5.0 

5.1

6.5 

8.1 

7.5

6.8 

7.5 

7.0 

6.7 

6.7

6.7 

6.9 

7.8 

9.0 

13.4

13.0 

8.6 

8.1 

7.5 

7.5

7.2 

7.7 

8,1 

8.2

Discharge.

1,300 

2,260 

1,480 

1,040 

1,040

565 

625 

1,760 

3,460 

2,800

2,060 

2,800 

2,260 

1,960 

1.960

1,960 

2,160 

3,130 

4,500

4,020 

3,460 

2,800 

2,800

2,170 

3,020 

3,460 

3,570

P.M.

Gage 

height.

6.1 

7.1 

6.1

5.8 

5.4

5.1 

5.1 

7.0 

8.2 

7.1

6.7 

8.1 

6.7 

6.7 

6.7

6.5 

7.8 

8.0 

11.7 

13.8

11.6

8.4 

7.9 

7.3 

7.2

7.4 

7.9 

7.9

Discharge.

1,390 

2,360 

1,390 

1,120 

820

625 

625 

2,260 

3,570 

2,360

1,960 

3,460 

1,960 

1, 960 

1,960

1,760 

3,130 

3,350

3,790 

3, 240 

2,580 

2,470

2,690 

3,240 

3,240

May.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

6.9 

6.9 

6.9 

7.0

6.8 

6.4 

6.1 

5.8 

5.5

5.3 

5.25 

5.35 

5.3 

5.1

4.95 

4.65 

4.65 

4.7 

4.7

4.7 

4.65 

4.7 

4.45 

4.55

4.5 

4.45 

4.5 

4.4 

4,15 

4.2

Discharge.

 2,160 

2,160 

2,160 

2,260

2,060 

1,660 

1,390 

1,120 

890

755 

722 

788 

755 

625

535 

389 

389 

410 

410

410 

389 

410 

309 

348

328 

309 

328 

290 

204 

220

P.M.

Gage 

height.

6.8 

6.6 

6.6 

7.0

6.6 

6.3 

5.9 

5.5 

5.5

5.25 

5.1 

5.3 

5.2 

4.95

4.7 

4.7 

4.7 

4.65 

4.65

4.65 

4.55 

4.3 

4.35 

4.5

4.5 

4.5 

4.3 

4.5 

4.1 

4.05

Discharge.

2,060 

1,860 

1,860 

2,260

1,860 

1,570 

1.210 

890 

890

722 

625 

755 

690 

535

410 

410 

410

389 

348 

254 

272 

328

328 

328 

254 

328 

189 

174
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 105

Gage height, in feet and discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1........... ....... . ....... ....

2.................... ......... ...

3....................................

4.................... ........ ..

5..................................

6.......... .......................

7.................... .............

8.......... ... .... .... . ..

9..................................

10....................................

11.................... ..............

12........ .. ....

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16.....................................

17....................................

18........ . ....... ............ ...

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22.......... .. .... ..... ... . .

23....................................

24........ .. ... .. .

25.................... .............

26........ .... ..... ..

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30................................. ...

01

June.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

4.2 

4.3

4.2 

4.4 

4.9

4.5 

4.1 

4.3 

4.3 

4.2

4.1 

4.1 

4.2 

3.20 

4.0

3 45

2.99 

3.08 

3.30 

3.38

3.61 

3J 56 

3.44 

3.30 

3.66

3.14 

3.44 

3-11 

3.36 

 3.34

Discharge.

220 

254 

220 

290 

505

328 

189 

254 

254 

220

189 

189 

220 

15 

160

143 

48 

63 

108 

126

184 

171 

141 

108 

198

74 

141 

68 

122 

117

P. M.

Gage 

height.

4.4 

4.35 

4.2 

4.5 

4.7

4.15 

4.1 

4.4 

4.7 

4.2

4.15 

4.2 

4.1 

3.80 

4.2

3.74 

3.72 

3.77 

3.73 

3.75

3.71 

3.70 

3.77 

3.81 

3.80

3.66 

3-68

3.62 

3.70

Discharge.

290 

272 

220 

328 

410

204 

189 

290 

410 

220

204 

220 

189 

109 

220

223 

216 

232 

220 

226

213 

229 

232 

246 

242

198 

198

187 

210

July.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

3.76 

4.05 

4.2 

3.81 

3.62

3.86 

3.86 

3.81 

3.86 

3.93

3.89 

3.32 

3.67 

3.20 

3.77

3.71 

3.67 

3.80

3.50 

3.56 

3.58 

3.50 

3.65

3.25 

3.30 

3.40 

3.63 

3.68 

3.68

Discharge.

229 

343 

416 

246

187

264 

264 

246 

264 

291

275 

113 

201 

86 

232

213

201 

242

155 

171 

176 

155 

196

97 

108 

131 

190 

204 

204

P.M.

Gage 

height.

3.90 

4.2 

4.1 

3.74 

3.68

3.87 

3.89 

4.05 

3.90 

3.90

3.70 

3.40 

3.67 

3.83 

3.55

3.42 

3.30

3.77

3.75 

3.57 

3.66 

3.68 

3.52

2.80 

3.63 

3.67 

3.50 

3.71 

3.68

Discharge.

279

416 

366 

223 

204

268 

275 

343 

279 

279

210 

131 

201 

253 

168

136 

108

232

226 

173 

198 

204 

160

21

190 

201 

155 

213 

204
106 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1. ...................................

2....................................

3. .................................. .

4....................................

6....................................

7....................................

s....... ......................... ....

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

1^

14....................................

15............... .................... -

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

1Q

20....................................

 21....................................

oo

23....................................

24......... ............................

25......... .......................... .

26....................................

28....................................

 *1 "

August.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

3.52 

3.39 

3.50 

3.66 

3.65

3.66 

3.65 

3.62 

2.81 

3.53

3.48 

3.57 

3.51 

3.42 

3.43

3.10 

3.10 

3.14 

3.40 

3.00

3.50 

3.40 

3.65 

3.85 

3.71

3.78 

3.30 

3.05 

3.00

Discharge.

160 

129 

155 

198 

196

198 

196 

187 

22 

163

150 

173 

158 

136 

138

66 

66 

74 

 131 

49

155 

131 

196 

260 

213

236 

108 

58 

49

P.MT.

Gage 

height.

3.55 

2.82 

3.06 

3.67 

3.64

3.66 

3.63 

3.50

2.77 

3.50

3.42 

3.35 

3.50 

3.37 

3.35

2.81 

3.35 

3.45 

3.68 

3.65

3.76 

3.88 

3.46 

3.80 

3.50

3.55 

3.35 

3.67 

3.77

4.05

Discharge.

168 

24 

198 

201 

193

198 

190 

155 

17 

155

136 

120 

155 

124 

120

22 

120 

143 

204 

196

229

272 

145 

242 

155

168 

120 

201 

232

343

September.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

3.98 

3.88 

3.88 

3.87 

3.87

3.50 

3.71 

3.08 

3.73 

3.50

3.72 

3.79 

3.58 

3.65 

2.81

3.60 

3.42 

3.55 

3.72 

3.60

3.89 

3.50 

3.77 

3.95 

3.48

Discharge.

312

272 

272 

268 

268

155 

213 

63 

220 

155

- 216 

239 

176 

196 

22

181 

136 

168 

216 

181

275 

155 

232 

300 

150

P.M.

Gage 

height.

3.90 

3.79 

3.81 

3.89

3.93

3.90 

3.73 

3.06 

3.81 

3.64

3.74 

3.70 

3.70 

3.57 

2.81

3.54

3.57 

3.65 

3.68 

3.41

3.78 

3.20 

3.90 

3.72 

3.81

Discharge.

279 

239 

246 

275

291

279 

220 

59 

246 

193

' 223 

210 

210 

173 

22

165 

173 

196 

204 

133

236 

86- 

279 

216 

246

NOTE. Gage read at about 8.30 a. m. and 4.30 p. m. Chain gage on highway bridge read until June 15; 

staff gage at new station read June 16 to July 3; after that date two readings a day were taken from automatic 

gage record for comparison. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to June 15, from a fairly well defined 

rating curve; June 16 to Sept. 30, from a well-defined rating curve. The discharge estimates given in the 

above table correspond to the observed gage heights and do not represent the mean discharge for the day.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 107

efo% discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,for the year 

ending Sept. 30,1914.

[New gage.]

Day.

1. ....... .......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... 10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14

11

June. July.

260

391

406

232

1QO

198

196

160

181

204

160

110

155

124

108

Aug.

104

56

76

OA

70

T>

68

108

44

51

J.Q

54

76

66

72

Sept.

198

171

153

160

1 1ft

158

158

117

117

117

1 KK

1 CK

84

141

120

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

1Q

20..... .........

91

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

97

28...............

29

p.n

31...............

June.

171

118

148

184

9f¥7

195

190

220

168

160

162

165

176

July.

95

QQ

136

134

100

104

74

74

64

Af)

63

63

70Qn

108

Aug.

43

KO

76

63

70

QQ

165

176

165

106

78

66

07

117

234

352

Sept.

101

im

ftA

99

qj

fifi

1Q

104

82

148

IAQ

165

143

NOTE. Water-stage recorder installed July 4. . From June 16 to July 3 several readings a day on staff 

gage at location of new gage were used to determine mean daily discharge. Discharge determined from 

rating curve well defined between 30 and 1,000 second-feet; discharge interpolated July 19, Aug. 30, and 

Sept. 5-10, when recorder was not operating.

Monthly discharge of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., July 4 to Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 420 square miles.]

Month.

July-.- ................ .................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

226 

406 

352 

198

Minimum.

148 

42 

43 

34

Mean.

180 

147 

97.1 

126

Per 

square 

mile.

0.429 

.350 

.231 

.300

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.24 

.40 

.27 

.33

Accuracy.

B.

A.

A. 

B.

WORCESTER BRANCH OF WINOOSKI RIVER AT MONTPELIER, VT.

Location. A short distance below the plant of the, Lane Manufacturing Co. at Montpelier, and about half a mile above confluence of Worcester Branch with Winooski 

River.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Records available. May 15, 1909, to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Vertical staff fastened to a stone wall and tree about 100 feet below the plant.

Discharge measurements. Made from steel highway bridge about 300 feet below 

gage, or by wading at low stages.

Channel and control. Channel covered with bowlders and gravel; probably somewhat shifting. Gage heights apparently affected by backwater from Winooski' 

River at high stages.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 10.3 feet, April 

20; data insufficient for estimating discharge. Minimum stage recorded: 0.0 

foot, June 19 and 23; discharge, zero.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice.-

Regulation. The distribution of flow during the day is affected by operation of 

power plant just above station.
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Accuracy. Several rating curves have been used; apparently impossible-to develop 

one rating curve for all stages owing to shifting of the channel and the varying 

effect of backwater from Winooski River. Mean daily stage not determinable 

from two gage readings a day owing to diurnal fluctuations caused by power plants 

above. A study of the continuous records obtained by means of a portable recording 

gage June 18 to July 2,1914, indicates that the errors in computing daily discharge 

from the mean of two gage readings a day varied from +144 per cent to 60 per 

cent. Gage readings and the corresponding discharge published in the following 

tables show in a general way the variations in flow during the year.

Discharge measurements of Worcester Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Date.

Apr. 25

27

May 15

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.21

3 40

1.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

520

olOS

Date.

May 16

July 1

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.59

1.44

.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

a 89

68

3.9

a Considerable fluctuation in stage during this measurement. 

NOTE. Measurements of Apr. 25 and 27 made from highway bridge below gage; others made by wading.

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Worcester Branch of Winooski River

at Montpelier, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914.

[S. A. Luke, observer.]

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

.5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13. .............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24... ...........

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. ............. 31....;.........

October.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

0.8

.8 

.8 

.8

1.0

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

.8

1.1 

1.1 

1.15

t.O 

1.0 

.9

1.4

2.0 

1.6 

1.4 

1.2 

1.2

2.1 

2.5 

1.7 

1.3 

1.3 

1.2

Discharge.

2.5 

2.5 

2.5 

2.5

14

2.5 

2.5 

2.5 

2.5

2.5

22 

22 

27

14 

14 

7.5

54

145 

79 

54 

32 

32

165 

258 

94 

43 

43 

32

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.1

.8 

.9 

.9 

a. 9

1.1 

1.1 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

.9 

a. 9 

1.2 

1.4 

1.25

1.1 

1.2 

1.0*

a.8 

1.45

1.5 

1.8 

1.8 

1.4

2.6

2.3 

2.2 

1.6 

1.5 

1.5 

1.45

Discharge.

22 

2.5 

7.5 

7.5 

7.5

22 

22 

14 

14 

14

7.5 

7.5 

32 

54 

38

22 

32 

14 

2.5 

60

66 

110 

110 

54 

283

210

187 

79 

66 

66 

60

November.

A.M.

Gage 

leight.

1.2

1.2 

1.1 

1.1

1.1 

1.1 

1.1

1.1 

1.8

1.3 

1.3 

1.2 

1.15 

1.1

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

3.1

2.3 

1.7 

1.55 

1.4 

1.3

1.3

1.0 

1.0 

1.05

Discharge.

32

32 

22 

22

22 

22 

. 22 

22 

110

43 

43 

32 

27 

22

22 

22 

22 

22 

418

210 

94 

72 

54 

43

43 

14 

14

18

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.4

a 1.1 

1.2 

1.4 

1.3

1.25 

1.2 

1.25 

1.3 

1.9

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.4 

1.4

1.1

1.3 

1.2

1.25

2.8

2.0 

1.7 

1.5 

1.6 

1.5

1.4 

1.0 

1.4

1.4 

ol.O

Discharge.

54 

22 

32 

54 

43

38 

32 

38 

43 

127

66 

66 

66 

54 

54

22 

43 

32 

38 

335

145 

94 

66 

79 

66

54 

14 

54 

54 

14

December.

A.M.

Gage 

Sleight.

1.1 

1.3 

1.5 

1.7

1.6

1.4

2.2 

1.7 

1.4

1.35 

1.3 

1.3

1.4

1,3

1.2 

1.2 

1.3 

1.2

1.2 

1.3 

1.1 

1.15

1.2 

1.1

1.2 

1.2 

1.3

Discharge.

22 

43 

66 

94 

79

54

187 

94 

54

48 

43 

43

54

43 

32 

32 

43 

32

32 

43

22 

27

32 

22

32 

32 

43

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.5 

1.6 

1.9 

1.7 

1.6

1.5 

ol.3 

2.3 

1.75 

1.7

1.6 

1.5 

1.55 

ol.4 

1.5

1.5 

1.3 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5

al.2 

1.35 

1.4 

1.35 

1.2

1.3 

1.3 

ol.2 

1.5

1.4 

1.5

Discharge.

66 

79 

127 

94 

79

66 

43 

210 

102 

94

79 

66 

72 

54 

66

66 

43 

66 

66 

66

32 

48 

54 

48 

32

43 

43 

32 

66 

54 

66

a On Sunday usually one gage reading, between 2 and 5 p. m.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 109

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Worcester Branch of Winooski River 

at Montpelier, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1..............

2..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

IS

19..............

20..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26.............'.

27..............

28..............

9Q

^n

31..............

January.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

1.3 

1.35 

1.3

1.3

1.4 

1.3 

1.25 

1.25 

1.3

»

Discharge.

43 

48 

43

43

54 

43 

38 

38 

43

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.5 

1.5 

1.55 

1.35 

1.6

1.2

1.55 

1.5 

1.6 

1.6

1.4

Discharge.

66 

66

72 

48 

79

32 

72 

66 

79 

79

54

March.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

2.5

2.8 

3.0 

3.4

2.7 

2.8 

2.4

Discharge.

320

415 

490 

650 

380 

415 

290

P.M.

Gage 

height.

2.8

3.0 

3.2

3.0 

2.9 

2.6

2.7

Discharge.

415

490 

570 

490 

450 

350 

380

April.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

2.4 

3.2 

2.5 

2.1 

2.0

1.8 

1.8 

2.1 

5.2

3.6 

2.8

2.7 

2.8 

2.7

3.2 

2.7 

3.1 

5.1

10.2

8.9

5.8

3.4 

3.3 

3.4

3.0 

3.3 

4.1 

4.5 

4.6

Discharge.

290 

570 

320 

205 

182

136 

136 

205

730 

415

380 

415 

380

570 

380 

530

650 

610 

650

490 

610

P.M.

Gage 

height.

2.8 

3.0 

2.7 

2.5 

2.2

2.1

1.8 

2.6 

4.2

3.3

3.1 

3.7 

3.0 

3.0 

3.2

3..0 

3.3 

4.2 

7.6

10.3

5.6

3.5 

3.3 

3.0 

2.9

3.0 

3.5 

4.0 

5.0

4.9

Discharge.

415 

490 

380 

320 

230

205 

. 136 

350

610

530 

775 

490 

490 

570

490 

610

690 

610 

490 

450

490 

690 

910
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Gage height, in/eet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Worcester Branch of WinoosM River 

at Montpelier, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4............. 1.

5..............

6..............

T..... .........

8..... ........ -

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17. .............

18..............

19..............

20

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

May.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

3.4 

3.0

3.4

3.5

3.1

2.9 

2.5 

2.4

2.0 

1.8 

1.8 

1.7 

1.5

1.6

1.4 

1.3 

1.2

1.2 

1.2 

1.1

1.25

1.2 

1.2 

1.1 

1.1 

1.0

Discharge.

650 

490

650 

690

530 

450 

320 

290

182 

136 

136 

115

78

96

62 

48 

35

35 

35 

25

41

35 

35 

25 

25 

16

P.M.

Gage 

height.

3.1 

2.9 

3.0 

3.0 

3.2

3.0 

2.5 

2.4 

2.2 

2.1

1.8 

1.9 

1.75 

1.75 

1.7

1.4 

1.35 

1.65 

1.5 

1.45

1.4 

1.4 

1.35 

1.2 

1.5

1.4 

1.4 

1.3 

1.4 

1.0 

.9

Discharge.

530 

450 

490 

490 

570

490 

320 

290 

230 

205

136 

159 

126 

126 

115

62 

55 

106

78 

70

62 

62 

55 

35

78

62 

62 

48 

62 

16 

8

June. *

A.M.

Gage 

height.

0.9 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.25

1.2

.9 

1.0 

1.0

.9

.7 

.8

.9

.7 

.8 

.9 

.7

.8

.75 

.7 

.7 .75-

.75 

.7

.75

.8

Discharge.

8 

16 

16 

16 

41

35

8 

16 

16

8 

0 

3

8

0 

3 

8 

0 

3

1.5 

0 

0 

1.5

1.5 

0

1.5 

3

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.4 

1.4 

1.2 

1.45 

1.55

1.0 

.9 

1.4 

1.2 

1.2

1.25 

1.4 

1.05

.8 

.8

1.0 

1.0

.8 

.0

.7

.7 

1.0 

.0 

1.45 

1.0

1.45 

.75 

.75 

1.45 

1.3

Discharge.

62 

62 

35 

70

87

16 

8 

62 

35 

35

41 

62 

20 

3 

3

16 

16 

3 

0 

0

0 

16 

0 

70 

16

70 

1.5 

1.5

60

48

July.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

1.1 

1.3 

1.65 

1.35 

1.35

1.25 

1.05 

1.0 

1.1 

1.2

1.2

1.0 

1.0 

.9

.8 

.8 

1.4

.8

.85 

.8 

.8 

.8 

1.25

.8 

.8 

.7 

1.1

.8

Discharge.

25 

48 

106 

55 

55

41 

20 

16 

25 

35

35

16 

16

«

3 

3

62

3

5.5 

3 

3 

3 

41

3* 

3 

0 

25 

3

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.25 

1.95 

1.7 

1.4 

1.25

1.1 

1.3

1.4 

1.45 

1.45

1.15 

1.05 

1.4 

1.45 

1.2

1.2

1.25 

.8 

.8 

1.15

1.25 

1.1 

1.15 

1.1

.8

.8 

1.1 

1.05 

1.3 

1.15 

1.05

Discharge.

41 

170 

115 

62 

41

25 

48 

62 

70 

70

30 

20 

62 

70 

35

35 

41 

3 

3 

30

41 

25 

30 

25 

3

3

25 

20 

48 

30 

20
STEEAMS TE1BUTAEY TO ST. LAWEENCE RIVER. Ill

. Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Worcester Branch of Winoosld River 

at Montpelier, Vt.,for the-year ending Sept. 30,1914 Continued.

Day.

1......................... ...........

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7..................................'..

8......4..................... .........

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....... .............................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

August.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

1.2

.85 

.7 

.8

.8 

.8 

1.15

.75

.7 

.8 

.75 

.85 

1.1

.75 

.8

.88 

.8

.8 

1.15

1.1 

.9

.95 

.8 

.85 

1.1

2.1

Discharge.

35

5.5 

0 

3

3 

3

30

1.5

0 

3 

1.5

5.5 

25

1.5 

3

5.5 

3

3 

30

25 

8

12 

3

5.5 

25

205

P.M.

Gage 

height.

0.8 

.85 

' .9 

1.0 

1.2

1.1

1.1 

.8 

.75 

1.1

1.05 

1.0 

.9 

1.1

.8

.8 

1.05 

1.1 

1.1 

1.1

1.1 

1.05 

1.1 

1.15 

1.15

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

1.5

1.7

Discharge.

3

5.5 

8 

16 

35

25 

25 

3 

1.5 

25

20 

16 

8 

25 

3

3 

20

25 

25 

25

25 

20 

25 

30 

30

25 

25

25 

78

115

September.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

1.55 

1.6 

1.2 

1.35 

1.45

1.5 

1.7 

1.5 

1.35

1.35 

1.45

1.2 

1.1

1.0 

.9

.85 

1.45

.8 

.8 

.85 

.8 

.8

1.35

1.3 

1.35

1.15

Discharge.

87 

96 

35 

55 

70

78 

115 

78 

55

55 

70

35 

25

16 

8 

5.5 

70

3 

3 

5.5 

3 

3

55

48 

55 

30

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.5 

1.45 

1.35 

1.45 

.9

1.3 

1.7 

1.95 

1.55 

1.45

'1.45 

1.25 

1.2 

1.45 

1.2

1.15 

1.15 

1.1

.85 

.8

1.05 

1.1

1.15 

1.25 

1.15

1.1

1.25 

1.45 

1.45 

1.3

Discharge.

78 

70 

55 

70 

8

48 

115 

170

87 

70

70 

41 

35 

70 

35

30 

30 

25 

5.5 

3

20 

25 

30 

41 

30

25 

41 

70 

70 

48

NOTE. Gage read about 6.50 a. m. and 4.30 p. m., except Sundays and holidays, when reading was 

made about 2.30 p. m. Discharge determined from two rating curves, the period of applicability of the 

second beginning Mar. 25,1914, when the ice went out.

DOG EIVEE AT NOETHFIELD, VT.

Location. At highway bridge 200 feet west of the Central Vermont Railroad and

about three-fifths of a mile southwest of Northfield. Union Brook flows into Dog

River a short distance below station.

Drainage area. 49 a square miles (measured on post-route map). 

Records available. May 14, 1909, to September 30, 1914. Records May 14, 1909,

to August 23, 1910, at lower highway bridge; August 23, 1910, to September 30,

1914, at present location.

Gage. Vertical staff attached to highway bridge. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the highway bridge at high stages and by

wading at low stages.

Channel and control. Gravel and alluvial deposits. 

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during jear: 7.0 feet at 8.30

a. m. April 19, and 8.30 a. m. and 6 p. m. April 20; discharge, 2,000 second-feet.

Minimum stage recorded: 0.80 foot at 8.30 a. m. and 5 p. m. September 23, and

8.30 a. m. September 24, 1913; discharge, 5.0 second-feet.

« Revised since last published.
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Maximum stage recorded 1909-1914: 8.5 feet at 10 p. m. March 25, 1913; discharge, 3,400 second-ieet. Minimum stage recorded: 0.60 foot at 6 p. m. September 10, and 8. 30 a. m. September 11, 1913; discharge, 3.0 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice.

Regulation. Small diurnal fluctuation caused by operation of a mill above station.

Accuracy. Rating curve used prior to August 12, 1914, very well defined; at some 

subsequent date control became obstructed by stones and debris jjnd a new rating 

curve was made necessary. The effect of the diurnal fluctuation on determination 

of discharge was studied by means of a portable water-stage recorder during July 

and August, 1914. Although the daily discharge estimates obtained from mean of 

two gage readings a day were found tabe occasionally in error the mean discharge 

from July 18 to August 12 as determined from two daily gage readings was only 

1.3 per cent in error.

Discharge measurements of Dog River at Nortlijleld, Vt., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1914.

Date.

July 17

Made by 

C. S. DeGolyer ............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3£4

a Made by wading.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1914.

Day.

1. ....... --

4....---.--

6.......---

7....-.----

f|

10....-.----

11..........

13....-...--

14.......--.

15... .......

16..........

17. .. .......

19..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Oct.

5

28

25

15

10

4

4

7

8

5

91

28

09

15

97

99

75

35

on

7Q

1 AQ

76

82

78

65

Nov.

52

48

40

35

46

39

39

117

177

105

75

77

69

65

62

62

56

67

149

94

79

78

75

65

CO

62

C7

Dec.

57

67

94

82

72

62

65

117

136

88

7<;

7K.

69

73

72

62

65

62

Co

53

cc

Kf)

01

41

4S

Kf\

50

48

39

39

Jan.

39

39

39

38

39

48

43

39

38

31

Mar.

82

99 77

71

68

77

67

57

56

57

55

f,0

C7

53

94

111

75

142

86

67

62

CO

49

177

192

215

Apr.

215

223

192

223

163

149

4<W

419

583

9^1

274

312

OOA

419

7>ifi

496

396

396

COO

682

OAC

AA 1*

838

496

May.

496

353

353

312

312

293

231

200

185

156

142

142

in

99

92

88

81

70

72

67

57

55

49

44

OA

38

June.

39

30

48

C2

72

39

39

40

39

31

24

10

IS

10

1 f\

OQ

00

19

31

19

17

9 A

15

9 A

10

10

28

July.

30

28

44

OO

53

44

35

24

24

24

24

91

18

13

10

15

34

65

26

17

14

19

15

91

16

11

9 Q

0 C

12

26

17

Aug.

13

10

12

9

0

7 Q

7.7

7 3

0 Q

7.6

7.6

7.2

7 a

6.7

0 0

7 Q

9 A

0 A

& a

o -t

9 6

28

20

7 fi

11

9

0

0 ^

9.3

00

55

26

Sept.

15

23

26

14

1Q

ia

14

12

14

11

9.8

0 0

O c

9.3

7.2

o q

7.2

7.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

11

12

11

14

14

18

17

NOTE. Daily discharge July 17 to Aug. 13 determined from portable automatic-gage records; for other 

periods, from mean of two gage readings a day. A new rating curve, based on measurements made In 

October and November, 1914, has been used for obstructed channel condition which was assumed as beginning Aug. 18.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 113

Monthly discharge of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 49 square miles.a]

Month.

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

156 

177 

136 

312 

2,010 

496 

72 

65 

55 

23

Minimum.

4 

35 

31 

49 

62 

38 

9.0 

8.5 

6.7 

5.0

Mean.

41.4 

69.9 

64.7 

97.1 

480 

149 

26.7 

23.8 

12.7 

12.3

Per 

square 

mile.

0.845 

1.43 

1.32 

1.98 

9.80 

3. 04 

.545 

.486 

.259 

.251

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.97 

1.60 

1.52 

2.28 

10.93 

3.50 

.61 

.56 

.30 

.28

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

C.

» Revised. 

LAMOILLE RIVER AT CADYS FALLS, VT.

Location. One-fourth mile below power plant of Morrisville Electric Light & 

Power Co., at place formerly known as Cadys Falls, a mile south of Hyde Park, 

and about 2 miles downstream from village of Morrisville. Hyde Park and 

Morrisville are stations on St. Johnsbury & Lake Champlain Railroad.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Records available. September 4, 1913, to September 30, 1914. A station maintained from July 28, 1909, to July 13, 1910, at highway bridge just below the 

power plant at Cadys Falls, was replaced by station at Johnson, Vt., July 14,1910, 

to December 31, 1913. (See Water-Supply Paper 284.)

Gage. Gurley water-stage recorder in wooden shelter on right bank.

Discharge measurements. Made from cable, or at low stages by wading.

Channel and control. Bed, smooth gravel; well-defined control 500 feet downstream from gage.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 10.53 feet at 4 a. m., 

April 20; discharge, 7,250 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.82 feet at 2 

a. m., August 17; discharge, 50 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1913-14: 10.53 feet, April 20, 1914; discharge, 7,250 

second-feet. Minimum stage recorded for same period: 1.82 feet, August 17, 

1914; discharge, 50 second-feet.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice during extremely cold weather.

Regulation. The large amount of storage in the pond above the power plant and 

the fluctuations caused by operation of plant affect in a large degree the natural 

flow of the river at this point.

Accuracy. Results good.

24017° WSP 384 16 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1914.

Date.

Oct. 31

Jan. 3

17

Feb. 2

25

Mar. 20

9Q

Made by 

C. S.DeGolyer.........

W.S. Easterly.........

.....do..................

C.C. Covert... .........

W.S. Easterly.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.54

2

1 Q

2.37

2.73

4.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

251

al35

al80

320

904

Date.

Mar. 29

v\

Apr. 21

21

22

22

May 28

Made by 

W.S. Easterly.........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

C. S.DeGolyer........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

64.02

4.10

8.30

7.93

5.80

2.31

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

931

944

4,350

4,130

2,090

175

a Discharge relation affected by ice. 6 Gage height somewhat uncertain.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

1. ..................

3...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

14...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28. ..................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

80

84

112

92

87

82

89

80

82

89

99

123

146

115

94

87

78

60

164

347

217

192

Nov.

907

164

230

OO7

99ft

188

195

161

167

14Q

1 ^19

110

135

578

403

298

217

244

94 Q

237

161

1<M

Dec.

211

383

305

262

185

462

367

176

99ft

195

ine

91 1

201

207

161

167

158

161

140

126

14Q

152

99

Mar.

324

313

298

207

240

265

950

1 000

770

Apr.

770

920

720

582

484

416

383

475

1,620

1,120

1,030

1,160

950

870

950

1,060

920

1,590

3,920

6,650

5,020

2,510

2,020

1,660

1,730

1,800

1,870

2.260

2,600

May.

1,590

1,380

1,420

1,380

1,280

1,520

950

695

770

462

395

324

324

176

164

140

121

June. July.

107

102

102

115

132

137

161

161

152

Aug.

112

80

94

89

89

84

102

75-

84

115

129

102

102

07

78

78

97

143

110

102

110

94

QJ.

82

97

3OT

204

Sept.

158

137

129

137

121

1ft9

oqn

230

185

164

143

112

110

110

99

110

110

92

92

99

112

.161

176

140

167

251

188

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve and based upon gage height, 

recorded by a Gurley electric printing gage prior to July 21. After that date gage heights obtained by a 

Gurley 7-day graph gage. Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, discharge measurements, and climatic records, as follows: Dee. 29-31, 1913, 110 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 1914, 124 second-feet; 

Feb. 1-28, 112 second-feet; and Mar. 1-19. 268 second-feet. Discharge May 10-13 estimated 560 secondfeet; May 18-27,200 second-feet.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 115 

Monthly discharge ofLamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1914-

Month.

February. .....................................................

April. . .........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

578 

4C2

1,000

6,660 

1,590

309 

254

Minimum.

60 

110 

99

383 

121

75 

92

Mean.

188 

211 

213

124 

112 

365

1,700 

556

112

148

Accuracy.

B. 

A.

A.

C.

c.

B.

A.

C.

B. 

B.

MISSISQUOI RIVER NEAR RICHFORD, VT.

Location. At highway bridge 3 miles downstream from Richford, about 3 miles 

below mouth of North Branch and 2 miles above mouth of Trout River.

Drainage area. 300 square miles.

Records available. May 22, 1909, to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Chain fastened to downstream side of the bridge. Prior to June 26, 1911, 

the gage was just below plant of the Sweat-Comings Co., in Richford.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge at high stages; 

by wading, at low stages.

Channel and control. Channel deep; bed composed of gravel, bowlders, and rock 

ledge. Control, about half a mile downstream, not well defined. , At high stages 

control is at dam at Enosburg Falls.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 16.15 feet at 6.30 

p. in., April 20; discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, approximately 9,600 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 4.45 feet at 6.30 a. m., August 

29; discharge, 30 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1909-1914: 16.7 feet at 8.30 a. m., March 26, 1913; 

approximate discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, 10,200 secondfeet. Minimum flow past the gage at the old station practically zero at various 

times, owing to water being held back by the mills.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice.

Regulation. The operation of mills and power plants above the station cause large 

variations during the day, especially at low stages.,

Accuracy. Rating curve well denned; mean daily discharge not determinable from 

two gage readings a day owing to sudden diurnal fluctuations is stage. Discharge corresponding to each gage reading is published to show general character of flow.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. S. De Golyer: 

May 27, 1914: Gage height, 5.46 feet; discharge, 244 second-feet.
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 191-4.

[P. Sloan, observer.]

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.............. 

li. .............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

2S..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

October.

A.M.

Time.

6.40 

6.45 

7.00 

6.45 

7.15

6.45 

6.40 

6.40 

6.35 

6.45

7.00 

7.30 

6.30 

6.35 

7.10

6.35 

7.50 

6.40 

7.15 

7.10

6.30 

6.35 

6.30 

6.50 

6.25

6.50

6.50 

6.35 

6.30 

6.50 

6.40

Gage 

height.

4.85 

4.65 

5.7 

5.85 

5.5

5.2 

5.0 

5.0 

4.95 

5.0

4.9 

5.0 

5.0 

5.15 

5.1

5.0 

4.95 

4.95 

5.0 

5.05

6.0 

6.2

5.8 

5.4 

5.4

6.25 

7.0 

7.0 

6.6 

6.25 

6.1

Discharge.

86 

54 

310 

372 

240

157 

114 

114 

104 

114

95 

114 

114 

146 

135

114 

104 

104 

114 

124

445 

560 

350 

210 

210

590 

1,090 

1,090 

815 

500 

500

P.M.

Time.

5.45 

5.30 

4.50

5.15

5.10 

4.50 

5.10 

4.45 

5.15

5.10 

4.50 

4.50 

4.45

4.50 

4.45

4.45 

4.50

5.10 

4.50 

5.10 

4.40

4.30 

4.45 

5.00 

4.45 

4.40 

4.10

Gage 

height.

4.7 

4.85 

5.7

5.3

5.3 

5.0 

4.75 

5.1 

5.1

5.2 

4.85 

5.05 

5.2

5.1 

4.85

4.95 

5.0

6.25 

6.0 

5.5 

5.45

6.8 

7.1 

6.6 

6.4 

6.2 

6.1

Discharge.

61 

86 

310

182

182 

114 

69 

135 

135

157 

86 

124 

157

135 

86

104 

114

590 

445 

240 

225

950 

1,160 

815 

685 

560 

500

November.

A.M.

Time.

6.50 

7.30 

6.55 

7.05 

6.25

6.30 

6.50 

6.45 

7.30 

7.10

7.15 

7.35 

7.00 

7.10 

7.35

7.40 

7.20 

7.35 

7.15 

7.10

7.20 

7.35 

, 7.15 

8.05 

7.50

7.10 

7.1SL 

8.15 

7. 1C 

8.10

Gage 

height.

5.9 

5.75 

5.6 

5.55 

6.05

5.85 

5.66 

5.55 

5.5 

5.15

5.1 

5.6 

5.5 

5.45 

5.5

5.35 

5.25 

5.4 

5.4 

7.6

8.1 

6.8 

6.45 

7.1

6.7

6.4 

6.15 

5.9

5.8 

5.8

Discharge.

395 

330 

275 

258 

472

372 

292 

258 

240 

146

135 

275 

240 

225 

240

196 

170 

210 

210 

1,540

1,940 

950 

718 

1,160 

880

685 

530 

395 

350 

350

P.M.

Time.

4.20 

4.30 

4.50 

4.45

4.40 

4.45

4.45 

4.30

4.20 

4.35 

4.15 

4.20

4.10 

4.40 

4.35 

4.20 

4.30

4.10

4.20 

4.30 

4.15

4.20 

4.30 

4.10

4.15

Gage 

height.

5.7 

5.6 

5.85 

6.0

5.7 

5.5

5.3 

5.2

5.4 

5.45 

5.55 

5.55

5.4 

5.1 

5.35 

5.6 

8.4

7.6

7.2 

7.0 

6.6

6.4 

6.2 

5.6

5.75

Discharge.

310

275 

372 

445

310 

240

182 

157

210 

225 

258 

258

210 

135 

196 

275 

2,200

1,540

1,240 

1,090 

815

, 685 

560 

275

330

Day.

2.....................................................

3.....................................................

4.....................................................

5.....................................................

6.....................................................

8...............-...-.-.-.-..---.-..-..-.-............

10.....................................................

11.....................................................

12.....................................................

13.....................................................

14.....................................................

15.....................................................

December.

A.M.

Time.

7.25 

7.15 

7.45 

7.20 

7.50

7.10 

7.55 

7.30 

8.10 

7.40

8.10 

7.45 

7.35

Gas;e 

height.

5.8 

5.95 

6.2 

6.8 

6.6

6.3 

6.0 

7.1

6.6 

7.0

7.1

7.9 

8.5 

Discharge.

350 

420 

560 

950 

815

620 

445 

1,160 

815 

1,090

1,160 

1,780 

2,280

P.M.

Time.

4.10 

4.20 

3.50 

4.10 

4.15

3.50 

4.10 

4.15 

3.45

4.00 

3.30

Gage 

height.

6.0 

5.8 

7.0 

6.8 

6.6

6.25 

.7.2 

6.8 

7.4

7.5 

8.4

Discharge.

445 

350 

1,090 

950 

815

590 

1,240 

950 

1,380

1,460 

2,200
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 117

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1.... ..........

3..............

5..............

6. .............

1. .............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

1G.. ............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24... ...........

25..............

26..............

27.............. 

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Time.

8.45

8.15

9.00

8.00

7.00

7.30

7.30

7.30

/.45

7.30

7 4*1

7.15

7.15

7.45

7 00

7.30

7.30

7.15

7.15 

7 30

7.15

7.15

7 oo

7 45

7.00 

7.15

" fin

A.M.

Gage 

height.

8.6

7.8

7.5

7.2

7.0

6.6

9.2

8.9

9.0

9.6

8.3

7.9

7.4

7.9

8.4

9.3

11.1

15.0

15.5 

13.1

10.4

8.9

9.0

8.7

9.1

9.2

9.9

10.7

Ap

Discharge.

2,370

1,700

1,460

1,240

1,090

815

2,910

1,640

2,730

3,270

2,120

1,780

1,380

1 780

2,200

3,000

4 

' 680

.......

2,640

2, V30

2,820 

2,910

4,280

ril.

Time.

4.30

4.i5

4.45

4.00

5.00

4.30

4.30

4 00

4.15

5.00

4.30

6.30

7.00 

5.00

4 If!

3.15

4.30 

4 00

4.30

5.00

-

P.M.

Gage 

height.

8.2

7.5

7.2

6.8

6.9

9.1

8.9

9.3

8.3

7.7

7.8

8.1

8.9

12.3

16.2

14.2 

12.3

9 8

9.2

8.8

9.3 

9.7

10.4

9.9

Discharge.

2,030

1,460

1,240

950

1,020

2,820

2,640

3,000

2,120

1,620

1,700

1,940

2,640

.......

3,450

2,910

2,550

3,000 

3, 360

4,000

3

C Afl

Time.

7 00

7 00

7.30

6 45

7 00

7.00

7.30

7.00

6.45

7 30

6.45

6.45

6.45

6.45

7 00

6.30

6.00

6.00

6.00 

6.00

6.00

6.00

5.45 

5.45

5.45

A.M.

Gage 

height.

9.0

8.1

7.9

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.1

7.6

7.1

7.0

6.7

' 6.5

6.25

6.05

6.0

5.85

5.7

5.65

5.55

5.55

5.45 

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.40

5.25

5.10 

5.00

5.10

5

ne

ME

Discharge.

2,730

1,940

1,780

1 Q4fi

2

/VJrt

2,120

1,940

1 %df\

1,160

1,090

880

750

ftCA

479

445

379

OKA

292

OC7

OK7

225

<>9K

99 K

170

135 

114 ii>?

124

iyTime.

4.15

4.00

4 "*0

4 00

. 4.15

4.30

4.30

5.00

4.30

4.00

4 30

4.30

4.30

4.30

4.30

4.30 

4.30

4.45

5.00

4.30

7.30 

5.00

4.30

P.M.

Gage 

height.

8.6

8.1

8.1

8.3

8.3

7.9

7.4

6.9

6.6

6.4

6.2

6.05

5.95

5.7

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.5 

5.45

5.45

5.35

5.20

5.10 

5.00

5.00

Discharge..

2,370

1,940

2,120

2,120

1,780

1,380

1,020

815

685

560

472

420

310

275

257

240

240 

225

225

196

157

135 

114

114
118 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

June.

A.M.

Time.

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.15 

6.00

6.15 

7.30 

6.15 

6.00 

6.00

5.45 

6.00 

6.00 

7.15 

6.00

5.45 

6.30 

6.00 

6.00 

6.15

7.30 

6.00 

5.45 

5.45 

5.45

0. 15 

6.00 

7.30 

5.45 

6.00

Gage 

leight.

4.95 

4.80 

5.10 

5.00 

5.00

4.95 

4.85 

4.95 

4.90 

4.90

4.85 

4.80 

4.80 

4.75 

4.80

4.70 

4.80 

4.90 

4.85 

4.85

4.85 

4.70 

4.80 

4.95

4.85

4.80 

4.80 

4.75 

4.85 

4.95

Discharge.

104 

77 

135 

114 

114

104 

86 

104 

95 

95

86

77 

77 

69

77

61 

77 

95 

86 

86

86 

61 

77 

104 

86

77 

77 

69 

86 

104

'P.M.

Time.

5.30 

4.00 

4.00 

4.30 

4.30

4.30 

4.45 

4.30 

4.30

4.00 

5.00

4.30 

5.00

4.00 

4.30 

4.30 

4.45

4.30 

4.45 

4.30 

4.00 

4.00

4.30

5.00 

4.30 

4.30

Gage 

height.

4.90 

4.90 

5.00 

5.00 

4.90

4.90 

4.90 

4.90 

4.85

4.85 

4.80

4.70 

4.75

4.70 

4.80 

4.95 

4.90

4.80 

4.70 

4.70 

4.90 

4.80

4.80

4.70 

4.85 

5.00

Discharge.

95 

95 

114 

114 

95

95 

95 

95 

86

86

77

61 

69

61

77 

104 

95

77 

61 

61 

95

77

77

61 

86 

114

July.

A.M.

Time.

5.45 

6.15 

6.00 

6.00 

7.30

6.00 

6.00 

6.15 

6.15 

6.15

6.30 

7.30 

6.15 

6.00 

6.00

6.15 

6.00 

6.30 

7.30 

6.30

6.00 

6.00 

6.15 

6.15 

6.00

8.00 

6.00 

6.15 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

Gage 

height.

5.10 

5.25 

5.40 

5.5 

5.30

5.10 

5.00 

5.8 

5.9 

5.5

5.15 

5.0 

4.90 

4.85 

4.80

4.75 

4.70 

4.90 

5.10 

5.00

4.90 

4.75 

4.60 

4.70 

4.70

4.60 

4.65 

4.65 

4.70 

4.60 

4.60

Discharge.

135 

170 

210 

240 

182

 135 

114

350 

395 

240

146 

114 

95 

86

77

69 

61 

95 

135 

114

95 

69 

47 

61 

61

47 

54 

54 

61 

47 

47

P.M.

Time.

5.00 

4.30 

4.30

4.30

4.45 

4.30 

5.00 

4.30 

4.30

4.45 

4.45 

5.00 

4.00

4.30 

4.30

4.30 

7.00

4.45 

3.00 

4.00 

4.30

3.30 

5.30 

5.00 

4.30 

4.30 

4.00

Gage 

height.

5.15 

5.30 

5.55

5.25

5.10 

5.10 

5.95 

5.75 

5.35

5.00 

4.85 

4.80 

4.75

4.70 

4.70

5.10 

4.90

4.80 

4.75 

4.60 

4.75

4.65 

4.70 

4.75 

4.70 

4.65 

4.70

Discharge.

146

182 

257

170

135 

135 

420 

330 

196

114

86

77 

69

61 

61

135

95

77 

69 

47 

69

54 

61 

69 

61 

54 

61
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 119

Gaffe height, in feet, and discharge, in second-f eet, of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

August.

A.M.

Time.

7.30 

6.00 

5.45 

5.45

6.30 

6.30 

6.00 

7.30 

6.00

6.00 

6.15 

6.00 

6.00 

6.15

7.45 

6.00 

6.15 

6.15 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

7.45 

6.00 

6.00

6.30 

6.30 

6.30 

6.30 

7.30 

6.30

Gac;e 

height.

4.90 

4.80 

4.70 

4.70

4.60 

4.70 

4.90 

4.70 

4.80

4.80 

4.90 

4.80 

4.70 

4.70

4.60 

4.50 

4.65 

4.75 

4.80

4.80 

5.10 

4.90 

4.85 

4.70

4.65 

4.50 

4.50 

4.45

5.7 

6.8

Discharge.

95 

77 

61 

61

47 

61 

95 

61

77

77 

95 

77 

61 

61

47 

35 

54 

69

77

77 

135 

95 

86 

61

54 

35 

35 

30 

310 

950

P.M.

Time.

5.15 

5.00 

5.00 

5.30

5.30 

5.30

5.30 

5.00

5.30 

5.30 

5.45 

5.30

5.00 

4.30 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00

4.30

4.30 

5.40 

4.30

4.15 

4.15 

4.00

4.30

4.45

Gage 

height.

4.80 

4.80 

4.70 

4.80

4.70 

4.70

4.70 

4.80

4.90 

4.90 

4.75 

4.70

4.55 

4.60 

4.65 

4.80 

4.85

4.90

4.90 

4.80 

4.80

4.65 

4.60 

4.50

6.2 

6.4

Discharge.

77 

77 

61 

77

61

61

61

77

95 

95 

69 

61

41 

47

54 

77 

86

95

95

77 

77

54 

47

35

560 

685

September.

A.M.

Time.

7.00 

7.30 

6-30 

7.30 

7.00

8.00 

7.00 

7.30 

7.30 

7.00

7.15 

7.45 

8.30 

6.45 

7.30

7.00

7.00 

7.30 

8.30

9.00 

7.00 

7.30 

7.30 

7.30

8.00 

7.30 

6.45 

7.00 

7.15

Gage 

wight.

5.9 

6.1 

6.0 

6.3 

6.2

6.1 

6.2 

6.3 

6.35 

6.1

5.9

5.6 

5.40 

5.20 

5.30

5.20

5.10 

4.90 

4.70

4.60 

4.60

4.55 

4.50 

4.90

4.90 

5.10 

5.5 

5.55 

5.4

Discharge.

395

500 

445 

620 

560

500 

560 

620 

652 

500

395 

275 

210 

157 

182

157

135

95 

61

47 

47 

41 

35 

95

95 

135

240 

257 

210

P.M.

Time.

4.30

4.45 

4.00 

5.00 

4.30

5.30 

4.30 

4.00 

4.00 

4.30

4.30

4.30 

4.30 

4.30

4.30

4.30

5.00

4.30 

4.30 

4.00 

4.30 

5.00

4.45 

4.30 

4.30 

5.00

Gage 

height.

5.7 

6.0 

6.1 

6.2 

6.1

6.1 

6.3 

6.3 

6.25 

6.0

5.8

5.40 

5.20 

5.20

5.10

5.00

4.70

4.60 

4.55 

4.50 

4.70 

4.95

5.30 

5.6 

5.5 

5.35

Discharge.

310

445 

500 

560 

500

500 

620 

620 

'590 

445

350

210

157 

157

135

114

61

47 

41 

35 

61 

104

182 

275 

240 

196

CLYDE RIVER AT WEST DERBY, VT.

Location. Just below the plant of the Newport Electric Light Co. at West Derby.

Drainage area. 150 square miles (measured on post-route map.)

Records available. May 25, 1909, to September 30, 1914.

Gage. Chain attached to a tree about 85 feet below the plant; read morning and 

evening to quarter-tenths; gage.reader, E. C. Rogers. Prior to August 18,1910, 

staff gage in two sections; low-water section about 75 feet below the plant; highwater section nailed to tree to which chain gage is now attached.

Discharge measurements. Made from highway bridge about half a mile below 

the gage*; at low stages by wading.

Channel and control. Channel rough; fall of river near and below station very 

rapid.

Extremes of discharge. Maximum stage recorded during year: 4.3 feet at 6.35 

a. m., April 22; discharge, 2,080 second-feet. Minimum stage recorded: 1.60 feet 

7.30 p. m., July 30, and 4.50 p. m., August 17; discharge, 17 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded 1909-1914: 5.8 feet during high water of March 25-30, 

1913 (determined by engineers of Geological Survey from high-water marks). 

Corresponding discharge approximately 6,300 second-feet. Minimum stage 

recorded for same period: 1.60 feet at 5.45 p. m., August 25, 1913, 7.30 p. m., 

July 30, and 4.50 p. m., August 17, 1914; discharge, 17 second-feet.
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice during extremely cold weather.

Regulation. Two dams at West Derby operated under same management. At 

upper dam part of water is used by a paper mill, and remainder is delivered to the 

water wheels at the electric plant through a steel penstock. At ordinary stages all 

the flow from the second dam is diverted to the wheels in the power house.

Accuracy. Rating curve fairly wall denned. Owing to fluctuations caused by 

operation of power plants, mean daily discharge not determinable from two gage 

readings a day. Discharge corresponding to each gage reading is published to 

show general characteristics of flow.

No discharge measurements were made during the year ending September 30,1914, 

but measurements made in November, 1914, indicated that there was no change in 

the rating curve.

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1914.

Day.

2

5-. .......... .-

6-- ....... -----

7-.-.-.-.-.-.--

g

10-....---..--..

11..............

12

11

14-....-......-.

11;

16..............

IS--....-.......

19

20--..-..-..-...

21..............

2290

24-...--........

25-....--...-...

26-....-.......-

97

OQ

9Q

30

qi

October.

A.M.

Time.

8.00 

6.30 

7.10 

7.15 

7.30

6.30 

6.40 

7.50 

6.10 

7.35

6.40 

7.45 

6.50 

7.50 

6.05

7.30 

7.30 

7.00 

9.00 

6.10

7.00 

6.45 

6.50 

7.45 

6.30

7.55 

6.30 

6.35 

8.40 

7.15 

7.05

. Gage 

height.

1.90 

1.90 

1.92 

1.90 

1.90

1.90 

1.95 

1.88 

1.85 

1.85

1.88 

1.92 

1.90 

1.90 

1.98

2.02 

2.08 

2.08 

2.08 

2.05

2.22 

2.32 

2.42 

2.52 

2.55

2.52 

2.55 

2.55 

2.55 

2.58 

2.60

Discharge.

59 

59 

63 

59 

59

59 

68 

56 

50 

50

56 

63 

59 

59

74

82 

96 

96 

96 

89

132 

160 

193 

231 

244

231

244 

244 

244 

257 

265

P.M.

Time.

5.20 

5.00 

5.30 

5.30 

5.00

5.20 

5.40 

5.15 

3.50 

5.30

5.20 

3.45 

5.10 

5.10 

5.00

5.05 

5.15 

4.50 

5.00 

5.00

5.05 

4.55 

4.50 

4.15 

4.30

4.50 

4.45 

4.30 

4.25 

4.50 

5.00

Gage 

height.

1.92 

2.00 

1.92 

1.95 

1.88

1.90 

1.88 

1.90 

1.68 

1.98

1.90 

1.92 

1.95 

1.90 

1.92

2.02 

2.05 

2.05 

2.05 

2.22

2.22 

2.45 

2.50 

2.60 

2.58

2.55 

2.55 

2.60 

2.58 

2.62 

2.58

Discharge.

63 

78 

63 

68 

56

59 

56 

59 

26

74

59 

63 

68 

59 

63

82 

89 

89 

89 

132

132 

204 

223 

265 

257

244 

244 

265 

257 

275 

257

November.

A.M.

Time.

7.35 

7.50 

8.15 

8.00 

6.45

6.50 

6.20

7.50 

7.50

6.35 

7.35 

6.30

7.35

7.20 

7-30 

7.35 

6.45 

6.55

7.00 

6.50 

8.55 

8.10 

6.50

7.20 

6.50 

7.15 

8.00 

8.05

Gage 

height.

2.52 

2.48 

2.45 

2.40 

2.35

2.32 

2.32

2.25 

2.25

2.22 

2.20 

2.22

2.20

2.12 

2.20 

2.18 

2.15 

2.25

2.25 

2.30 

2.38 

2.38 

2.40

2.35 

2.30 

2.30 

2.25 

2.20

Discharge.

231 

216 

204 

186 

170

160 

160

140 

140

132 

126 

132

126

105 

126 

121 

113 140

140 

154 

180 

180 

186

170 

154 

154 

140 

126

P.M.

Time.

4.10 

4.30 

4.40 

4.25 

4.45

4.40 

4.25 

4.15 

4.30 

4.40

4.25 

4.30 

4.10 

4.20 

4.15

4.30 

4.40 

3.20 

4.00 

4.15

4.00 

4.00 

3.00 

4.10 

3.55

4.25 

4.30 

7.30 

4.00 

4.20

Gage 

height.

2.50 

2.48 

2.40 

2.38 

2.32

2.30 

2.30 

2.28 

2.25 

2.25

2.20 

2.25 

2.25 

2.22 

2.15

2.15 

2.15 

2.00 

2.15 

2.20

2.28 

2.30 

2.38 

2.38 

2.38

2.35 

2.28 

2.18 

2.20 

2.18

Discharge.

223 

116 

186 

180 

160

154 

154 

148 

140 

140

126 

140 

140 

132 

113

113 

113

78 

113 

126

148 

154 

180 

180 

180

170 

148 

121 

126 

121
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 121

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River, West Derby, Vt.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1.. ............

2.. ............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..... .........

8..............

9..............

10..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

91

22...............

23..............

24.............. 25...........:..

26..............

27..............

28..............

29

30..............

31.......-..-.-.

December. '

A.M.

Time.

7.25 

7.45 

7.45 

7.00 

8.00

7.50 

 7.35 

8.40 

7.25 

7.15

7.15 

7.20 

7.25 

7.40 

7.15

8.15 

8.00. 

7.45 

7.15 

7.30

7.30 

8.15 

7.15 

7.35 

8.15

8.10 

7.45 

7-50 

7.50 

7.40 

7.25

Gage 

leight.

2.20 

2.20 

2.20 

2.22 

2.20

2.25 

2.25 

2.28 

2.30 

2.30

2.30 

2.32 

2.30 

2.30 

2.30

2.22 

2.20 

2.20 

2.20 

2.20

2.20 

2.12 

2.12 

2.15 

2f 15

2.15

2.12 

2.22 

2.42 

2.48 

2.30

Discharge.

126 

126 

126 

132 

126

140 

140 

148 

154 

154

154 

160 

154 

154 

154

132 

126 

126 

126 

126

126 

105 

105 

113 

113

113 

105 

132 

193 

218 

154

P.M.

Time.

4.00 

7.30 

4.00 

4.05 

4.25

4.20 

4.00 

4.15 

4.10 

4.00

4.10 

3.30 

4.15 

3.40 

4.00

3.25 

4.10 

4.15 

4.05 

4.00

4.35 

4.15 

4.00 

3.40 

4.20

3.30 

4.10 

4.35 

4.20 

4.00 

4.00

Gage 

height.

2.18 

2.15 

2.20 

2.20 

2-25

2.22 

2.25 

2.32 

2.28 

2.30

2-32 

2.48 

2.30 

2.22 

2.20

2.20 

2.20 

2.20 

2.18 

2.15

2.15 

2.10 

2.08 

2.15 

2.10

2.12 

2.20 

2.18 

2.50 

2.30 

2.28

Discharge.

121 

113 

126 

126 

140

132 

140 

160 

148 

154

160 

216 

154 

132 

126

126 

126 

126 

121 

113

113 

100 

 96 

113 

100

105 

126 

121 

223 

154 

148

January.'

A.M.

Time.

7.30 

7.35 

7.35 

7.55 

8.15

7.35 

7.30 

7.55 

7.40 

7.45

8.35 

8.00 

8.10.

8.50

7.45 

7.30

8.15 

7.30

7.35 

8.00 

7.45 

7-55 

7.50

8.05 

7.15 

8.00 

7.35 

7-40 

7.30

Gage 

height.

2.30 

2.28 

2.30 

2.20 

2.20

2.08 

2.10 

2.12 

2.12 

2.10

2.10 

2.10 

2.02

2.15

2.12 

2.10

2.05 

2.05

2,. 05 

2.10 

2.18 

2.15 

2.08

2.08 

2.08 

2.08 

2.08 

2.05 

2.10

Discharge.

154 

148 

154 

126 

126

96 

100 

105 

105 

100

100 

100 

82

113

105 

100

89 

89

89 

100 

121 

113 

96

96 

96 

96 

98 

89 

100

P.M.

Time.

3.45

4.20 

4.30 

3.50

4.10 

4.20 

4.15 

2.50 

2.45

4.20 

3.15 

3.15 

4.10 

4.15

3.35 

3.10 

4.00 

3.40 

5.15

4.55 

8.00 

3.50 

3.40 

5.15

4.50 

3.. 30 

4.10 

4.50 

3.20 

4.00

Gage 

height.

2.30

2.42 

2.30 

2.15

2.22 

2.12 

2.10 

2.00 

2.05

2.10 

2.02 

1.98 

2.00 

1.92

1.98 

2.02 

2.00 

2.02 

1.98

2.05 

2.10 

1.85 

2.10 

2.10

1.95 

2.02 

2.08 

2.10 

2.02 

2.H)

Discharge.

154

193 

154 

113

132

105 

100 

78 

89

100

82 

74 

78 

63

74

82 78 

82

74

89 

100 

50 

100 

100

63 

82 

% 

100 

82 

100
122 SUEPACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1914, PAET IV.

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9-.-...-.......

10. .............

12..............

 10

15..............

16.. ............

17..............

18--...........-

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28. .............

29. .............

30. .............

31..............

February.

A.M.

Time.

9.26 

7.35 

8.00 

8.05 

7.55

7.00 

7.35 

7.45 

8.15 

8.00

7.55 

7.15 

8.00 

7.05 

8.10

7.05 

7.05 

7.40 

7.55 

7.35

6.30 

7.45 

7.30 

7.30 

7.35

7.05 

7.15 

6.55

Gage 

height.

2.12 

2.12 

2.15 

2.12 

2.05

2.08 

2.15 

2.10 

2.10 

2.08

2.28 

2.18 

2.12 

2.10 

2.08

2.05 

2.02 

2.12 

2.10 

2.02

2.02 

2.02 

2.00 

2.02 

2.02

2.00 

2.02 

kl.OO

Discharge.

105 

105 

113 

105 

89

96 

113 

100 

100 

96

148 

121 

105 

100 

96

89 

82 

105 

100 

82

82 

82 

78 

82 

82

78 

82 

78

P.M. .

Time.

5.00 

4.45 

4.15 

4.40 

5.00

4.15 

4.50 

5.10 

4.40 

4.40

4.30 

4.30 

3.30 

4.50

4.20

5.10 

5.30 

4.50

5.40 

4.50 

4.45 

5.40

5.00 

4.50 

5.30

Gage 

height.

2.10 

2.12 

2.18 

2.12 

2.12

2.15 

2.15 

2.12

2.10 

2.05

2.15 

2.10 

2.02 

2.05

1.92

2.00 

1 98 

l!96

1.98 

1.95 

1.98 

2.00

1.98 

1.95 

1.90

Discharge.

100 

105 

121 

105 

105

113 

113 

105 

100 

89

113 

100

82 

89

63

78 

74 

68

74 

68 

74 

78

74 

68 

59

March.

A.M.

Time.

7.30 

7.40 

7.40 

7.35 

7.25

7.00 

6.50 

7.30 

7.45 

7.15

6.55 

7.55 

7.55 

6.40 

8.10

7.10 

7.45 

7.45 

7.45 

7.45

6.30 

8.00 

7.15 

7.35 

7.20

7.30

7.30 

7.40 

7.30 

7.00

height.

2.00 

2.02 

2.02 

2.10 

2.10

2.15 

2.18 

2.20 

2.22 

2.18

2.18 

2.15 

2.12 

2.10 

2.12

2.12 

2.15 

2.22 

2.30 

2.25

2.25 

2.28 

2.25 

2.22 

2.20

2.20

2.42 

2.55 

2.60 

2.62

Discharge.

78 

82 

82 

100 

100

113 

121 

126 

132 

121

121 

113 

105 

100 

105

105 

113 

132 

154 

140

140 

148 

140 

132 

126

126

193 

244 

265 

275

P.M.

Time.

5.30 

4.30 

5.50 

5.50 

5.15

5.00 

5. 3D 

5.10 

5.30 

5.00

5.15 

5.40 

5.30 

4.50 

5.45

5.15 

5.40 

6.00 

3.20 

5.45

6.00 

5.00 

5.40 

5.30 

5.15

5.30 

5.30 

6.15 

6.00 

6.20 

5.00

Gage 

height.

2.00 

2.08 

2.08 

2.12 

2.15

2.15 

2.18 

2.25 

2.12 

2.18

2.15 

2.10 

2.08 

2.10 

2.12

2.18 

2.15 

2.18 

2.28 

2.25

2.28 

2.28 

2.25 

2.18 

2.22

2.28 

2.35 

2.50 

2.58 

2.60 

2.68

Discharge.

78 

96 

96 

105 

113

113 

121 

140 

105 

121

113 

100 

96 

100 

105

121 

113 

121

148 

140

148 

148 

140 

121 

132

148 

170 

223 

257 

265

soa
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWKENCE BIVEE. 123

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1914 Continued!

Day.

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7.-.-------.-..

9-------- ------

10. .............

12...--..-......

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

19..............

20. .............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25.... ..........

26..............

27.. ............

28..............

29. .............

30. .............

31---...........

Time.

7.55

7.00

7.45

7 oe

7.45

7.30

7.00

7.20

8.15

8.25

6.20

7.35

8.45

7 Qrt

7.45

7.00

6.10

6.25

6.35

7 on

6.40

6.50

7.30

7.40

7 40

1

A.M.

Gage 

height.

2 7ft

2.75

2.78

2

*79

2 no

2.60

2.55

2.70

2 7<;

2

QC

3.05

3

f\K

3.00

3 in

3.05

3 in

3.30

4.10

4 QH

4.20

3 90

3.60

S

en

S

ee

3 50

3.70

Ap

Discharge.

01 0

340

QC7

324

ofto.

265

244 090

010

340

QQQ

540

580

580

760

1 140

1,750

1,910

1 080

Q7n

1,020

Q7O

1 

' 200

ril.

Time.

5.15

6.10

6.10

5 40

6.00

5 50

6.15

S

on

2

CA

S

oft

6.15

6.30

6.20

S

on

4 15

K on

5 40

3 4ft

A AC

S

on

4 00

5.45

6.00

4.40

5 30

P.M.

Gage 

leight.

2 7ft

2.78

2 79

2.65

2.55

2

AQ

2

KK

2.80

2 on

3.05

3 in

3 in

3.20

3 Cft

3

~c

3.60

3 Cft

S

en

3.60

3 7£

Discharge.

01 0

357

289

97 c

OC7

368

430

580

COA

eon

580

970

1,400

1,910

U, 910

t ofift

1,080

1 080

970

970

1,080

1 260 '

Time.

7.30

7.10

9.40

8.00

7 VI

8.10

7 °,n

7 QK

7 30

7.25

8.00

8.35

7.55

8.00

7.30

7.15

6.50

7.00

6.45

7.10

7 1 K

7 00

7.10

7 p;n

6.55

7.15

8

Kf\

7.15

A.M.

Gage 

height.

3.70

3.70

3.50

3.40

3.45

3 eft

S

en

3.50

3.40

3.30

3.20

3.20

3 in

3.05

2.90

2.85

2.65

2 62

2.48

2

KQ

2.92

2.78

2 50

2.50

2.40

Ma

Discharge.

1,200

1,200

970

860

860

915

Q7ft

Q7n

970

860

760

670

580

430

OQQ

289

97c

216

ono.

357

231

OOQ

223

193

186

yTime.

6.50

6.15

5.00

6.10

5.00

6.30

6.40

6.15

5.30

5.00

7.00

5.10

5.30

6.10

4 30

5.30

6.00

7 00

7 00

A on

7 QQ

S fift

S

on

6.00

6.10

5.10

P.M.

Gage 

height.

3 7n

3.55

3.50

3.50

3 Cft

3.40

3.40

3.30

S

OFT

3.20

3.10

2.98

2 no

2.88

2 79

2.60

2 eft

2 90

2

0A

2

CA

2.50

2 40

2.38

2.35

Discharge.

1,200

1,020

860

970

O7n

860

760

715

670

580

580

418

ooj.

265

265

ooo

223

430

368 97*;

223

186

180

186

170
124 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1914, PAST iy.

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for 

 the year ending Sept. 30, 1914~-Continued.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8... ...........

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26.. .........:..

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Time.

8.35

8.00

7.15

8.15

7.20

6.45

4.15

7.30

8.10

7.30

7.50

7.20

7.50

8.05

8.05

7.05

6.05

7.20

7.10

7.40

8.45

8.00

7.05

7.30

8.15

7.15

7.00

8.50

8.00

A.M.

Gage 

height.

2.35

2.32

2.35

2.30

2.30

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.22

2.20

2.18

2.12

2.15

2.10

2.10

2.02

2.08

2.05

2.15

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.08

2.10

2.05

1 98

2.05

2.05

Jui

Discharge.

170

160

170

154

154

140

. 140

140

132

126

121

105

113

100

100

82

96

89

113

100

100

100

100

96

100

89

74

89

89

10.

Time.

6.00

5.45

5.30

4.20

4.30

5.30

5.20

5.30

5.15

4.00

6.10

5.15

6.30

5.30

6.45

6.30

7.00

5.40

6.00

6.20

5.30

6.30

6.00

7.00

5.30

6.30

6.00

5.50

6.20

P.M.

Gage 

height.

2.25

2.25

2.22

2.30

2.25

2.28

2.28

2.20

2.15

2.12

2.12

2.05

2.05

2.02

2.02

2.00

2.08

2.02

2.00

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.02

2.02

2.00

1.98

2.00

2.08

2.02

Discharge.

140

140

132

154

140

148

148

126

113

105

89

89

82

82

78

96

82

78

89

89

89

89

82

82

78

74

78

96

82

Time.

7.55

7.20

6.30

7.20

7.15

8.20

7.35

7.30

7.40

7.10

6.55

7.45

6.45

7.15

6.15

6.55

7.05

8.00

7.15

7.10

7.10

6.55

6.45

7.20

5.40

6.50

7 d^

7.50

7.20

6.40

A.M.

Gage 

height.

2.08

2.08

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.08

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.08

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.05

2.10

2.02

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.92

1.90

1.95

1.85

1.88

1 90

1.95

Ju

Discharge.

96

96

100

100-

100

100

96

100

100

100

96

100

100

100

100

89

100

82

74

74

74

63

59

68

50

56

CQ

59

68

59

iy.

Time.

5.30

6.50

6.20

6.40

6.30

6.15

7.00

6.30

5.15

6.10

6.00

5.50

6.15

7 00

6

1 K

5.50

5.15

5.30

7.00

5.30.

6.20

6.00

5.30

6.30

6.30

6.00

5.50

5.00

7.30

7 00

P.M.

Gage 

height.

2.02

2.10

2.08

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.08

2.08

2.05

2.00

2.02

2.02

2.02

2.00

2.05

1.98

2.08

1 OS

1.92

1 95

1.88

1.92

1.85

1.80

1.85

1 80

1.60

1.80

Discharge.

82

100

96

89

89

89

96

96

89

78

82

82

82

78

121

89

74

96

74

63

68

56

63

50

42

50

42

45

56

17

42
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRE3STCE KIVER. 125

Gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,for 

the year ending Sept. §0, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1...... ........

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20.............

21..............

22..............

23...............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31

August.

 A.M.

Time.

7.00 

6.50 

7.10 

7.50 

8.00

6.25 

7.50 

7.30 

7.30 

6.45

7 1 s;

7.50 

7.10

7.00 

7.10

6.00 

4.45

5.00 

5.10 

5.00 

4.50 

4.40

4.45 

4.50 

5.15 

5.15 

5.15 

5.05

Gage* 

height.

1.85 

1.90 

2.00 

1.95 

2.00

1.98 

1.88 

1.92 

1.90

1.88

, 1.90

1.90 

1.90

1.88 

1.92

1.90 

1.88

1.85 

1.90 

1.90 

1.90 

1.85

1.80 

1.78 

1.78 

1.88 

1.90 

1.85

Discharge.

50 

59

78 

68

78

74 

56 

63 

59 

56

59

59 

59

56 

63

59 

56

50 

59 

59 

59 

50

42 

39 

39 

56 

59 

50

P.M.

Time.

5.40 

4.00 

6.00 

7.30 

6.00

6.00 

6.10 

7.00 

4.30 

5.45

5.00 

3.30 

6.30 

5.45 

6.30

7.00 

4.50 

4.20 

4.30 

4.30

4.20 

4.25 

4.30 

4.30 

4.40

6.05 

4.20 

6.00 

4.45 

4.35 

4.30

Gage 

height.

1.80 

1.82 

1.95 

2.00 

. 1-88

1.85 

1.82 

1.85 

1.85 

1.82

1.92 

1.75 

1.82 

1.85 

1.95

1.85 

1.60 

1.90 

2.00 

1.70

1.95 

2.10 

1.90 

1.85 

1.90

1.80 

1.90 

1.85 

1.95 

1.88 

1.95

Discharge.

42 

45 

68 

78 

56

50 

45 

50 

50 

45

'63 

35 

45 

50 

68

50 

17

59

78 

28

68 

100 

59 

50 

53

42 

59 

50 

68 

56 

68

September.

A.M.

Time.

4.50 

7.50 

7.40 

6.30 

7.45

9.10 

6.35 

6.35 

6.30 

6.50

10.45 

7.45 

7.45 

8.10 

7.10

6.30 

8.10 

6.45 

7.00

6.35 

8.00 

6.30 

7.40 

7.20

7.00 

8.00 

6.35 

6.30 

6.30

height.

1.80 

1.85 

1.98 

1.95 

1.98

1.95 

1.98 

1.98 

2.00 

2.00

2.00 

1.98 

2.00 

1.95 

1.95

1.95 

1.90 

1.88 

1.90

1.88 

1.88 

1.88 

1.90 

1.92

1.90 

1.95 

1.95 

1.92 

1.95

Discharge.

42 

50 

74 

68 

74

68 

74 

74

78 

78

78 

74 

78 

68 

68

68 

59 

56

59

56 

56 

56 

59 

63

59 

68 

68 

63 

68

P.M.

Time.

4.30 

5.00 

5.15 

5.30 

5.00

6.00 

4.30 

4.30 

5.00

5.45 

5.00 

5.15

4.30 

5.30 

5.45 

4.30 

6.00

5.10 

5.20 

5.00 

6.00 

5.10

5.30 

5.30 

3.45 

5.00 

4.40

Gage 

height.

2.02 

1.90 

1.92 

1.90 

1.90

1.95 

2.00 

2.05 

1.95

1.92 

1.92 

1.90

1.85 

1.82 

1.65 

1.80 

1.82

1.80 

1.80 

1.82 

 1.82 

1.88

1.85 

1.95 

1.92 

1.92 

2.00

Discharge.

82 

59 

63 

59 

59

68 

78 

89 

68

63 

63 

59

50 

45 

22 

42 

45

42 

42 

45 

45 

56

50 

68 

63 

63

78
126 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1914, PART IV.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

The results of discharge measurements made during 1914 at points 

other than regular stations, and a few miscellaneous measurements 

made prior to 1914 by the Fargo Engineering Co., of Jackson, Mich., 

are shown in the following table:

Miscellaneous measurements in St. Lawrence River drainage basin in 1914.

Lake Superior Basin.

Date.

1914. 

Feb. 23

24

Stream.

White River.......

.....do............

Tributary to 

.....do............

Locality.

S. S. M. Railway.

Power Co., at Mason, Wis.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

. 130

145

Lake Michigan Basin.

1909.0 

Sept. 13

15

15

16

16

16

20

20

22

23

.23

1912.«

19

Nov. 11

1914. 

Jan. 7

Slagel Creek...'....

Blind Creek.......

Sands Creek.......

Manistee River.

Chief Creek........

.....do............

.....do............

Wolf River........

.....do. ...........

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do.. ..........

.....do.............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

 (6). .................................

below mouth of North Branch of 

Manistee River. 

.....do..............................

.....do..............................

barrass River, a short distance 

upstream from New London.

6.5

43.7

2.6

12.1

' 7.9

8.4

1,520

292

29.8

128

8.4

465

476

542

840

a Measurements made by engineers of Fargo Engineering Co., Jackson, Mich. 

6 " Junction gaging station" of the Fargo Engineering Co.

Tributary of St. Lawrence River.

Aug. 24 South Branch of 

Oswegatchie 

River.

Oswegatchie River Talcville, N. Y.. ..................... « 4.0 77. C

a Reading of gage in tailrace; gage height of pond, 4.2 feet.
INDEX.

A.

Acknowledgment for services................ 12

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 6

Altmar, N. Y., Orwell Brook near........... 68-69

Amberg, Wis., Pike River at................ 34-35

Aminicon Falls, Minn., Aminicon River near. 22-23 

Aminieon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis... 22-23 

Appropriations, amount of.................. 5

Auburn, N. Y., Owasco outlet near.......... 65-67

Au Sable River at Au Sable Forks, N. Y.... 93-94

near Lovells, Mich...................... 48-49

Authority for invastigation.................. 5

Automatic gages, views of................... 11

B.

Bad River near Odanah, Wis............... 24-25

Barton, Mich., Huron River at.............. 52-53

Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn..... 15-16

Big Bear Creek above mouth of Manistee

River............................. 126

Black River near Boonville,.N. Y............ 70-72

Blind Creek at mouth of Manistee River..:.. 126 

Boonville, N. Y., Black River near.......... 70-72

Brashee Center, N. Y., St. Regis River at.... 85-86

Brashear Iron Works, N. Y., Deer Riverat.. 87-S8 

Brule River near Brule, Wis................. 23-24

near Florence, Wis...................... 31-32

Burlington, Vt., Lake Champlain at......... 101

C.

Canadiee Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y... 64-65 

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y........ 55-57

Cedar Creek above mouth of Manistee River. 126 

Chief Creek above mouth of Manistee River.. 126 

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn....... 20-22

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt............ 119-125

Control, definition of........................ 6-7

Controlling section, definition of............. 6-7

Cooperation, credit for....................... 12

Cooperation of State, resolution authorizing. 12 

Current meters, views of..................... 10

D. 

Data, explanation of......................... 9-10

Deer River at Brashear Iron Works, N. Y... 87-88 

Dexter, Mich., Huron River at............... 51

Discharge measurements, degree of accuracy

of................................ 11

tables of, explanation of................. 10

Discharge relation, definition of.............. 6

Dog River at Northfleld, Vt............... 111-113

E.

Equivalents, list of.......................... 7-9

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich........ 25-26

F.

Page. 

Field data, accuracy of...................... 11

Flat Rock, Mich., Huron River at I .......... 54-55

Fletcher Creek at mouth of Manistee River.. 126 

Florence, Wis., Brule River near............. 31-32

Pine River near......................... 32-33

Freeland, Mich., Tittabawassee River at..... 50

G. 

Gaging-station records..................... 13-125

Gaging stations, views of.................... 10

Geddes, Mich., Huron River at.............. 53-54

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount

Vernon, N. Y................... 61-62

at Rochester, N. Y...................... 62-64

at St. Helena, N. Y...................... 59-61

Gillett, Wis., Oconto River near............. 35-36

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich........ 46

H.

Hemlock, N. Y., Canadice Lake outlet near.. 64-65

Huron River at Barton, Mich. ............... 52-53

at Dexter, Mich......................... 51

at Flat Rock, Mich...................... 54-55

at Geddes,Mich........................ 53-54

I.

Independence, Minn., Cloquet River at...... 20-22

Investigations, authority for................. 5

Iron Mountain, Mich., Menominee River

near............................. 26-28

K.

Keshena, Wis., Wolf River at............... 37-38

Koss, Mich., Menominee River at........... 28-29

Menominee River below................. 29-31

L.

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.......... 101

Lake Erie, streams tributary to, gaging-station records on.................. 51-57

Lake George at Lake George, N. Y......... 95-100

at Rogers Rock, N. Y.................. 95-100

at Sagamore (Boltons Landing), N. Y.. 95-100 

Lake Huron, streams tributary to, gagingstation records on............... 48-50

Lake Michigan, streams tributary to, gagingstationrecords on............... 25-48

Lake Ontario, streams tributary to, gaging

stations on...................... 57-76

Lake Superior, streams tributary to, gagingstation records on............... 13-25

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt......... 113-115

Linden, N. Y., Little Tonawanda Creek at.. 57-59 

Little Bear Creek above mouth of Manistee

River... ....................... 126

127
128 INDEX.

Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y.... 57-59

Little Wolf River at Boyalton, Wis......... 43-44

Lovells, Mien., AuSable Kivernear......... 48-49

Lutsen, Minn.,, Poplar River at......._... 13-14

Manistee Eiver, miscellaneous measurementsin........................ 126

near Sherman, Mich..................... 47-48

Manistee Eiver (South Branch), miscellaneous measurements in.......... 126

Mason, Wis., White Eiver at................. 126

Massena Springs, N. Y., Eaquette River at... 83-84 

Meadowlands, Minn., Whiteface Kiver below. 19-20 

Menominee Kiver at Koss, Mich............. 28-29

below Koss, Mich........................ 29-31

near Iron Mountain, Mich............... 26-28

Millions of cubic feet, use of term............ 6

Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis...... 45-46

Miscellaneous measurements, Lake Michigan

basin.................................. 126

Lake Superior basin..................... 126

Tributary of St. Lawrence Eiver........ 126

Missisquoi Eiver near Richford, Vt........ 115-119

Montpelier, Vt., Winooski Eiver at........ 102-107

Worcester Branch of Winooski Eiver at. 107-111 

Moose River at Moose Eiver, N. Y.......... 73-74

Moose River (Middle Branch) at Old Forge,

N.Y............................ 75-76

Mount Verrion, N. Y., Genesee Eiver at

' Jones Bridgenear............... 61-62

N.

New London, Wis., Wolf River at........... 41-42

Newton Falls,N.Y., Oswegatchie Eiver (East

Branch) at...................... 77-78

Northfleld, Vt., Dog River at.............. 111-113

O.

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis.............. 35-36

Odanah, Wis., Bad Eiver near.............. 24-25

Ogdensburg, N. Y., Oswegatchie Eiver near. 79-80 

Old Forge, N. Y., Moose River (Middle

Branch) at...................... 75-76

Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y............ 68-69

Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y.. 79-80 

Oswegatchie River (East Branch) at Newton

Falls, N. Y...................... 77-78

Oswegatchie River (South Branch), miscellaneous measurements in........ 126

Owasco outlet near Auburn, N. Y........... 65-67

P.

Piercefleld, N. Y., Raquette River at........ 81-82

Pike River at Amberg, Wis................. 34-35

Pine Creek, miscellaneous measurements in.. 126 

Pine River near Florence, Wis.............. 32-33

Plattsburg, N. Y., Saranac River near. ...... 89-92

Point of control, definition of ................ 6-7

Point of zero flow, definition of.............. 7

Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn. .............. 13-14

Pulaski, N. Y., Salmon River near .......... 67-68

Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y 83-84 

at Piercefield,N.Y... ................... 81-82

Eating tables, explanation of ................ 11

Eichelieu Eiver at Fort Montgomery, Rouses

Point,N.Y. .................... 88-89

Eichford, Vt. , Missisquoi River neat ...... 115-119

Rochester, N. Y., Genesee River at.. ........ 62-64

Rogers Rock, N. Y., Lake George at ....... 95-100

Rouses Point, N. Y., Richelieu Eiver at Fort

Montgomery. ................... 88-89

Eoyalton, Wis., Little Wolf River at. ........ 43-44

Run-off, depth in inches, definition of ....... 6

S.

Sagamore (Boltons Landing), N. Y., Lake

George at ....................... 95-100

St. Helena, N . Y., Genesee Eiver at ......... 59-61

St. Lawrence River, streams tributary to,

gaging-station records on . ...... 77-125

St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn. ....... 17-18

St. Regis River at Brashee Center, N. Y. . . . . 85-86

Salmon River near Pulaski, N. Y ........... 67-68

Sands Creek at moutn of Manistee River .... 126

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y ........ 89-92

Second-feet per square mile, definition of. ... 6

Second-foot, definition of. .................... 6

Sherman, Mich. , Manistee River near. ....... 47-48

Slagel Creek at mouth of Manistee River. .... 126

T. 

Terms, definition of ......................... 6-7

Thomson, Minn., St. Louis River near. ..... 17-18

Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich. ..... 50

V.

Versailles, N. Y., Cattaraugus Creek at. ..... 55-57

W.

Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn. 19-20 

White River at crossing of Minneapolis, St.

Paul &SaultSte. Marie Ry...... 126

at Mason, Wis. .......................... 126

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt ......... 102-107

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis. ............... 37-38

at New London, Wis.................... 39-40

miscellaneous measurements in .......... 126

Worcester Branch of Winooski River at

Montpelier, Vt ............... 107-111

Work, division of............. ............ 13
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

1885-1914

PART IV, ST, LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN

24017° WSP 384 16 9
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES, 1885-1914.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume 

of flow of streams and studies of tke conditions affecting that flow, 

but it has comprised also investigations of such closely allied subjects 

as irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, and annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with natural drainage features, as indicated below:

-Part I. North Atlantic elope basins.

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin. 

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin. 

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

IX. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI, Pacific slope basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific slope basins (in three volumes).

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated 

below:

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 

Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 

printed for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish list giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States.

in
IV STEEAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Boston, Mass., Custom House.

Albany, N. Y., Boom 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Madison, Wis., in care of Railroad Commission of Wisconsin.

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building.

Austin, Tex., Old Post Office Building.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Phoenix, Ariz., 417 Fleming Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building.

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

San Francisco, Cal., 328 Custom House.

Los Angeles, Cal., 619 Federal Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications will be sent on application to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW REPORTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 3,400 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports tabulated below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; WS=Water-Supply Paper.]

Report. Character of data. Year.

10th A, pt. 2........... Descriptive information only...................................

llth A. pt. 2........... Monthly discharge and descriptive information................. 1884 to Sept.,

1890.

12th A, pt. 2........... .....do.......................................................... 1884 to June 30,"

1^91. 

'13th A. pt. 3........... Mean discharge in second-feet................................... 1884 to Dec. 31.

1892. 

14th A, pt. 2........... Monthly discharge (long-time records, 1871 to 1893)............. 1888 to Dec. 31.

1893. 

B 131................... Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings.......... 1893 and 1894.

16th A, pt. 2............ Descriptive information only...................................

B 140................... Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly 1895.

discharge (also many data covering earlier years). 

WS11.................. Gage heights (also gage heights for earlier years)................ 1896.

18th A, pt. 4............ Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 1895 and 1896.

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

WS 15.................. Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern United 1897.

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above

junction with Kansas. 

WS 16.................. Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Mis- 1897.

sissippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and

western United States. 

19th A, pt. 4........... Descriptions/measurements. ratings, and monthly discharge 1897.

(also some long-time records). 

WS 27.................. Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United 1898.

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

WS 28.................. Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 1898.

western United States. 

20th A, pt. 4............ Monthly discharge (also for many earlier years)................. 1898.

W S 35 to 39............. Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings.......... 1899.

21st A, pt. 4............ Monthly discharge.............................................. 1899.

WS 47 to 52............. Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings.......... 1900.

22d A, pt. 4............. Monthly discharge.............................................. 1900.

WS 65,66............... Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings.......... 1901.
STBfiAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. V

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

WS 75.......... ........

WS 82 to 85.............

WS 97 to 100.... .......

WS 124 to 135...........

WS 165 to 178... ........

WS 201 to 214... ........

WS 241 to 252...........

WS 261 to 272...........

WS281to292...........

WS 301 to 312.. .........

WS321to332...........

WS 351 to 3621.... ......

WS381to394o..........

Character of data.

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....db.. ........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....da ......................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

Year.

1901.

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1911.

1912.

1913.

1914.

o In preparation. 

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives, by years and drainage basins, the numbers o'f papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1913. The data for any particular station will be found in the 

reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. 

For example, data from 1902 to 1914 for any station in the area 

covered by Part III are published in Water-Supply Papers 83, 98, 

128, 169, 205, 243, 263, 283, 303, 323, 353, and 383, which contain 

records for the Ohio River basin for those years. 

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

The exceptions to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi 

River, which are given in four parts, as indicated on page in, and 

in the records for large lakes, where it is simpler to take up the streams 

in regular order around the rim of the lake than to cross back and 

forth over the lake surface.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream 

Year.

1899a.....

1900S.....

1901.......

1902.......

1903.......

1904.......

1905.......

1906.......

1907-8.....

1909.......

1910. ......

1911.......

1912. ......

1913.......

1914.......

I

North

Atlantic 

slope 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35

47, h 48

65,75

82

97

» 124, ol25,

0126

» 165,o 166,

» 201, 0202,

P203

241

261

281

301

321

351

381

II

South

Atlantic

and

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

(James 

River 

to the Mississippi).

635,36

48

65,75

682,83

697,98

P 126, 127

P 167, 168

P 203, 204

242

262

282

302

352

382

III

Ohio 

River.

36

48, i 49

65,75

83

98

128

169

205

243

263

283

303

353

383

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes.

36

49

65,75

»82,83

97

129

170

206

244

264

284

304

354

384

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper Mississippi 

River.

36

49

* 65,66,75

*83,85

*98,99,>n 100

* 128, 130

171

207

245

265

285

305

325

355

385

VI

Missouri 

River.

c36,37

49,^50

66,75

84

99

130, <7 131

208

246

266

306

326

, 356

386

VII

Lower Mississippi 

River.

37

50

* 65,66,75

*83,84

*98,99

* 128, 131

4179,173

* 205, 209

247

267

287

307

^97 OAi

357

387

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico.

37

50

66,75

84

99

132

174

91 n £l±

248

268

288

308

358

38

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

b James River only.

c Gallatin River.

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mohave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific coast basins.

g Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, ana irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

ft Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River.

t Scioto River.

i Loup and Pla

witft Platte.

* Tributaries of 

i Lake Ontario 

m Hudson Bay 

n New England 

o Hudson River 

p Susquehanna 

Q Plattaand Ka

* Great Basin in 

» Below junctio

j Rogue, Umpq
PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN.

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The St. Lawrence'River basin includes streams which drain into 

the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. The principal streams 

flowing into Lake Superior from the United States are St. Louis, 

Ontonagon, Dead, and Carp rivers. Streams flowing into Lake 

Michigan are Escanaba, Menominee, Iron, Peshtigo, Oconto, Fox, 

St. Joseph, and Grand Rivers. Into Lake Erie flow Huron, St. 

Marys, Maumee, Sandusky, Black, and Cuyahoga rivers. Streams 

flowing into Lake Ontario are Genesee, Oswego, Salmon, and Black 

rivers. The St. Lawrence receives Oswegatchie, Raquette, Richelieu 

(the outlet of Lake Champlain), and St. Francis River, whose principal tributary, Clyde River, reaches it through Lake Memphremagog. The streams of this basin drain wholly or in part the States of 

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin.

In addition to the list of gaging stations and annotated list of 

publications relating specifically to the section, this part contains a 

similar list of reports that are of general interest in many sections 

and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects, and also brief references to reports published by State and other organizations. (See

pp. xv-xvi.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash following a date indicates that station was being maintained September 30, 1914. 

Period after date indicates discontinuance.

Streams tributary to Lake Superior: 

Brule River at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Devil Track Elver at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Cascade River at mouth, Minn., 1911. 

Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn., 1911- 

Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn., 1911-1914. 

St. Louis River near Cloquet, Minn., 1903. 

St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn., 1909-

Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn., 1909-1912.

Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn., 1912-

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., 1909- 

Aminicon River near Aminicon Falls, Wis., 1914- 

Brule River near Brule, Wis., 1914- - 

Bad River near Odanah, Wis., 1914- 

Ontonagon River near Bockland, Mich., 1903. 

Dead River near Negaunee, Mich., 1902-3. 

Dead River at Forestville, Mich., 189S-1902. 

Carp River near Marquette, Mich., 1902-3.

vn
VHI STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914.

Streams tributary to Lake Michigan:

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich., 1903- 

Brule River (head of Menominee River) near Florence, Wis., 1914- 

Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Miqh., 1902-1914. 

Menominee River at Lower Quinnesee Falls, Wis., 1898-99. 

Menominee River at Koss, Mich.', 1902-1909; 1914. 

Menominee River below Koss, Mich., 1913-

Iron River near Iron River, Mich., 1900-1905.

Pine River near Florence, Wis., 1914- 

 Pike River at Amberg, Wis., 1914- 

Peshtigo River near Crivitz, Wis., 1906-1909. 

Peshtigo River at Crivitz, Wis., 1906. 

Oconto River near Gillett, Wis., 1906-1909; 1914- 

Oconto River at Stiles, Wis., 1906. / 

Fox River at Omro, Wis., 1902-3. 

Fox River at Oshkosh, Wis., 1902. 

Fox River at Wrightstown, Wis., 1902-1904.

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., 1907-1909; 1911-

Wolf River at White House Bridge, near Shawano, Wis., 1906-7.

Wolf River at Darrows Bridge, near Shawano, Wis., 1906.

Wolf River at New London, Wis., 1913-

Wolf River at Northport, Wis., 1905.

Wolf River at Winneconne, Wis., 1902-3.

West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis., 1911- 

Little Wolf River near Royalton, Wis., 1914- 

Little Wolf River near Northport, Wis., 1907-1910.

Fond du Lac River, West Branch (head of Fond du Lac River) at Fond du

Lac, Wis., 1903.

East Branch of Fond du Lac River at Fond du Lac, Wis., 1903. 

Milwaukee River at Milwaukee, Wis., 1914- 

St. Joseph River at Mendon, Mich., 1902-1905. 

St. Joseph River near Buchanan, Mich., 1901-1906.

Fawn River at White Pigeon, Mich., 1903-4. 

Kalamazoo River near Allegan, Mich., 1901-1907.

Reeds Springs near Albion, Mich., 1904-1906. 

Grand River at North Lansing, Mich., 1901-1906. 

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich., 1901-

Crockery Creek at Slocums Grove, Mich., 1902-3.

Red Cedar River at Agricultural College, Mich., 1902-3. 

Muskegon River at Newaygo, Mich., 1901-1906. 

Manistee River near Sherman, Mich., 1903- 

Boardman River at Traverse City, Mich., 1904. 

Streams tributary to Lake Huron:

Thunder Bay River near Alpena, Mich., 1901-1908. 

Au Sable River near Loveils, Mich., 1908- 

Au Sable River at Bamfield, Mich., 1902-1913. 

Rifle River near Sterling, Mich., 1905-1908. 

Rifle River at Omer, Mich., 1902-3. 

Shiawassee River (head of Saginaw River) 

Flint River at Flint, Mich., 1903-4.

Cass River at Frankenmuth, Mich., 1908-9.

Cass River at Bridgeport, Mich., 1908.

Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., 1903-1909; 1912-
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. IX

Streams tributary to Lake Erie:

Huron River at Dover, Mich., 1904. 

Huron River at Dexter, Mich,, 1904- 

Huron River at Barton, Mich., 1914- 

Huron River at Geddes, Mich., 1904- 

Huron River at French Landing, Mich., 1904-5. 

Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich., 1904- 

Maumee River near Sherwood, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Maumee River near Waterville, Ohio, 1898-1901. 

St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Ind., 1905-6. 

St. Joseph River at Fort Wayne, Ind., 1905-6. 

Tiffin River near Defiance, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Auglaize River near Defiance, Ohio, 1903. 

Ottawa River at Lima, Ohio, 1902-3. 

Blanchard River at Ottawa, Ohio, 1902-3. 

Sandusky River near Mexico, Ohio, 1898-1900. 

Sandusky River at Fremont, Ohio, 1898-1901. 

Black River near Elyria, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Cuyahoga River at Independence, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Cuyahoga River at Cleveland, Ohio, 1903. 

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., 1910- 

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario: 

Niagara River 

Tonawanda Creek 

Little Tonawanda Creek near Linden, N. Y., 1912- 

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., 1908- 

Genesee River at Mount Morris, N. Y., 1905-1909.

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y., 1903-1906; 1908-1914. 

Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y., 1904-

Canaseraga Creek at Dansville, N. Y., 1910-1912.

Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y., 1910-1912! 

Hemlock Lake at Hemlock, N. Y., 1894-1902.

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y., 1903- 

Honeoye Creek at East Rush, N. Y., 1903-1906.

Seneca River (head of Oswego River) at Baldwinsville, N. Y., 1898-1908. 

Oswego River at Fulton, N. Y., 1900; 1902. 

Oswego River at Battle Island, above Minetto, N. Y., 1900-1906. 

Oswego River at high dam, near Oswego, N. Y., 1897-1901. 

Seneca Lake at Geneva, N. Y., 1905-6. 

Cayuga Lake at Ithaca, N. Y., 1905-1908. 

Fall Creek near Ithaca, N. Y., 1908-9. 

Owasco outlet near Auburn, N. Y. (Oswego drainage), 1912- 

Skaneateles Lake at Skaneateles, N. Y., 1890-91. 

Skaneateles Lake outlet at Willow Glen, N. Y., 1892-1908. 

Skaneateles Lake outlet at Jordan, N. Y., 1890-1892. 

Onondaga Lake outlet at Long Branch, N. Y., 1904. 

Fish Creek, East Branch (through Oneida Lake, head of Oneida River), at

Point Rock, N. Y., 1898-99. . Oneida River at Brewerton, N. Y., 1899. 

Oneida River at Oak Orchard, near Euclid, N. Y., 1902-1909. 

Oneida River at Caughdenoy, N. Y., 1910- 

Fish Creek 

West Branch of Fish Creek at McConnellsville, N. Y., 1898-1901. 

Oneida Creek at Kenwood, N. Y., 1898-1900. 

Chittenango Creek at Chittenango, N. Y., 1901-1906. 

Chittenango Creek at Bridgeport, N. Y., 1898-1901.
X STEEAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914.

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario Continued.

Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near Redfield, N. Y., 1911-1913. 

Salmon River near Pulaskl, N. Y., 1900-1908; 1910-1914.

Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., 1911- 

Black River near Boonville, N. Y., 1911- 

Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y., 1902-

Black River at Huntingtonville dam, near Watertown, N. Y., 1897-1901. 

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., 1900-

Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., 1911- 

Beaver River at Croghan, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Streams tributary to the St. Lawrence:

OswegatcMe River, East Branch (head of Oswegatchie River), at Newton Falls,

N. Y., 1912-

Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., 1903- 

Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y., 1908-1912. 

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y., 1908- 

Raquette River at South Colton, N. Y., 1904. 

Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., 1903-

Bog River near Tupper Lake, N. Y., 1908-1912. 

, St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., 1910-

Deer River at Brasher Iron Works (railroad station), Ironton, N. Y., 1912- 

Chateaugay River near Chateaugay, N. Y., 1908. 

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y., 1875- 

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., 1907- 

Big Chazy River at Moors, N. Y., 1908. 

Saranac River at Saranac Lake, N. Y., 1902-3. 

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y., 1903- 

Ausable River at Au Sable Forks, N. Y., 1910- 

Ausable River at Keeseville, N. Y., 1904 and 1908... 

Boquet River at Willsboro, N. Y., 1904 and 1908. 

Lake George, N. Y., 1913-

Lake George outlet at Ticonderoga, N. Y., 1904-5. 

Poultney River at Fairhaven, Vt., 1908.

Mettowee River at Whitehall, N. Y., 1908. 

Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt., 1903-1907.

East Creek near Rutland, Vt., 1911-1913.

Winoosla River above Stevens Branch near Montpelier, Vt., 1909- 

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., 1909- 

Winooski River at Richmond, Vt., 1903-1907; 1910. 

Winooski River near Winooski, Vt., 1903.

Worcester Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., 1909-1914. 

Dog River at Northfield, Vt., 1909- 

Dog River near Montpelier Junction, Vt., 1910. 

Mad River at Moretown, Vt., 1910. 

Little River near Waterbury, Vt., 1910. 

Huntington Rwer at Jonesville, Vt., 1910. 

Lamoille River at Morrisville, Vt., 1909-10. 

Lamoille River at Cadys Falls near Morrisville, Vt., 1913- 

Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., 1910-1913. 

Lamoille River at West Milton, Vt., 1903. 

Missisquoi River at Richford, Vt., 1909-1910. 

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., 1911- 

Missisquoi River at Swanton, Vt., 1903. 

St. Francis River 

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., 1909-
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. XI

REPORTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

BASIN.1

PUBLICATIONS OP THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that thisstockhas been exhausted. Many of the papers markedinthis way may, however, 

be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D.C. Water-Supply Papers 

are of octavo size.

*21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899: 82 pp., 2 pis. (Continued 

in No. 26.)

Discusses by counties the glacial deposits and the sources of well water; gives many well sections.

*24. Water resources of the State of New York, Part I, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 99 

pp., 13 pis. 15c.

*25. Water resources of the State of New York, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 

pp., 12 pis. 15c.

No. 24 contains descriptions of the principal rivers of New York and their more important 

tributaries, and data on temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and stream flow.

No. 25 contains discussion of water storage projects on Genesee and Hudson Elvers, power 

development at Niagara Falls, descriptions and early history of State canals, and a chapter 

on the use and value of the water powers of the streams and canals; also brief discussion of the 

water yield of land areas of Long Island.

*26. Wells of southern Indiana (continuation of No. 21), by Frank Leverett. 1899. 

64 pp. 5c.

Discusses by counties the glacial deposits and the sources of well water; contains many well 

sections.

*30. Water resources of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, by A. 0. Lane. 1899. 

97 pp., 7 pis.

Describes lake and river transportation and navigation, water powers and domestic water 

supplies; discusses climate, topography, geology, and well waters; compares quality and quantity 

of waters.

31. Lower Michigan mineral waters, by A. C. 'Lane. 1899. 97 pp. 4 pis. lOc.

Treats of economic value of mineral waters and discussion and classification of analyses; contains analyses of waters of Lake Superior and of smaller lakes and rivers and of well waters from 

various geologic formations; also sanitary condition of drinking waters.

57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United Sjates, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" give information concerning temperature; 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States are 

arranged alphabetically. A second revised edition was published in 1905 as Water-Supply 

Paper 149 (q. v.).

91. The natural features and economic development of the Sandusky, Maumee, 

Muskingum, and Miami drainage areas in Ohio, by B. H. and M. S. Flynn. 

1904. 130 pp. lOc.

Describes the topography, geology, and soils of the areas and discusses stream flow, dams, 

water powers, and public water supplies.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c.

Contains a brief report on wells and springs of lower Michigan. The report comprises tabulated well records giving Information as to location, owner, depth, yield, head, etc., supplemented 

by notes as to elevation above sea, materials penetrated, temperature, use, and quality; many 

miscellaneous analyses.

1 For stream measurement reports, see tables on pp. iv, v, vi.
xn STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports as follows:

Minnesota, by C. W. Hall; Wisconsin district, by Alfred R. Schultz; Lower Michigan; Illinois,

by Frank Leverett; Indiana, by Frank Leverett; New York, b.y F. B. Weeks; Ohio

Leverett.

Each of these reports describes briefly the topography of the area, the relation of 1he geology 

to the water supplies, and gives list of pertinent publications; lists also principal mine -al springs.

121. Preliminary report on the pollution of Lake Champlaia, by M. 0. Leighton,

1905. 119pp., 13 pis. 20c.

Describes the lake and principal inflowing streams and discusses the characteristics of the

water and the wastes resulting from the manufacturing processes by which the waters are

polluted. Discusses also the effect of mill waste on algae, bacteria, and fish. 

144. The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 31 pp., 5 pis. lOc. 

Discusses common salt in coast and inland waters, salt as an index to pollution of si Teams and

wells, the solutions and methods used in chlorine determinations, and the use of ;he normal

chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine in the New England States and Ne'H' York. 

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis.

Contains three brief reports pertaining chiefly to areas in the St. Lawrence River basin.

Two unusual types of artesian flow, by Myron L. Fuller. Describes (1) artesian flows from 

uniform, unconfined sand on Long Island, N. Y., and in Michigan; and (2) flow fr am jointed 

upper portion of limestone and other rocks in southeastern Michigan.

Water resources of the Catatonk area, New York, by E. M. Kindle. Describes topography

and geology of areas southeast of Finger Lake region, N. Y., including part of city

by Frank

of Ithaca;

discusses briefly the artesian wells of Ithaca, the quality of the spring water at several small 

towns, and of the streams used for municipal supplies and for power.

A ground-water problem in southeastern Michigan, by Myron L. Fuller. Discusses causes

of failure of wells in certain areas in southeastern Michigan in, 1904 and the application of the

conclusions to other regions.

147. Destructive floods in the United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 15c.

Describes flood on Grand River, Mich. (from report of R. E. Horton), discussing streams, 

precipitation, and temperature, discharge, damage, and prevention of future damage. 

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition w:ith additions, by N. H. Barton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties) the location, depth, diamrter, yield,

height of water, and other features of wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes all wells listed

in Water-Supply Papers 57 to 61; mentions also principal publications relating to deep borings.

156. Water powers of northern Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith. 1906. 144 pp., 5 pis. 25c.

Describes by river systems, the drainage, geology, topography, rainfall, and run-off, water 

powers and dams.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 

104 pp., 1 pi.

Contains brief report entitled Flowing well districts in the eastern part of the northern peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods on Sixmile Creek and Cayuga Inlet, N. Y. (in 1857,1901, and 1905), 

and on Grand River, Michigan, and estimate of flood discharge and frequency for Genesee River; 

gives index to literature on floods in American streams.

*182. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the southern portion of the southern peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1906. 292 pp., 

5 pis. 50c.

*183. Flowing wells and municipal water supplies in the middle and northern portion 

of the southern peninsula of Michigan, by Frank Leverett and others. 1907. 

393 pp., 5 pis. 50c.

Nos. 182 and 183 describe in general the geographic features, water-bearing formations, drainage, 

quality of water, and subterranean water temperature, and give details concerning water supplies by counties. The reports contain many analyses.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. XHI

*193. The quality of surface waters in Minnesota, by R. B. Dole and F. F. Wesbrook. 

1907. 171 pp., 7 pis. 25c.

Describes by river basins the topography, geology, and soils, the industrial and municipal 

pollution of the streams, and gives notes on the municipalities; contains many analyses.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. The State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp.,

2 pis. 40c. 

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc. 

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of 

estimates, and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of Lake Superior 

and Lake Michigan, Kalamazoo and Grand Rivers, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Maiimee River, and 

St. Lawrence and Oswegatchie rivers.

239. The quality of the surfaee waters of Illinois, by W. D. Collins. 1910. 94 pp.,

3 pis. lOc.

Discusses the natural and ecdnomic features that determine the character of the streams, 

describes the larger drainage basins and the methods of collecting and analyzing the samples of 

water, and discusses each river in detail with reference to its source, course, and quality of water; 

includes short chapters on municipal supplies and industrial uses.

254. Ground waters of north-central Indiana, by S. R. Capps, with a chapter on the 

chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 1910. 279 pp., 7 pis. 

40c.

Describes relief, drainage, vegetation, soils and crops, industrial development, geologic formations; souces, movements, occurrence, and volume of ground water; methods of well construction and lifting devices; discusses in detail, for each county, surface features and drainage, 

geology, and ground water, city, village, and rural supplies, and gives record of wells and anayyses of waters. . Discusses also, under chemical character, methods of analyses and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic and industrial 

and medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field 

assays.

ANinjAL REPORTS.

' Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Annual reports 1 to 28 are royal octavo; later reports are octavo.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II. Accompanying 

papers, pp. xx, 597, 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*Potable waters of the eastern United States, by W. J. McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1896. 3 parts in 4 vols. *Pt. II. Economic geology 

and hydrography, xxv, 864 pp., 113 pis. $2.35. Contains:

*The water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, pp. 695-849, Pis. CVIII to CXIII. Describes the physical features of the State, and the drainage basins, including Illinois, Des Plaines, 

Kankakee, Fox, Illinois-Vermilion, Spoon, Mackinaw, and Sangamon rivers, Macoupin Creek, 

Rock River, tributaries of the Mississippi in western Illinois, Kaskaskia, Big Muddy, and tributaries of the Wabash; discusses the rainfall and run-off, navigable waters and water powers, 

the wells supplying water for rural districts, and artesian wells; contains tabulated artesianwell data and water analyses.

Eighteenth Annual Report, United States Geological Survey, 1896-97, Charles D. 

Walcott, Director. 1897. 5 parts in 6 volumes. *Pt. IV, hydrography, pp. 

x, 756, 102. plates. $1.75. Contains:

*The water resources of Indiana and- Ohio, by Frank Leverett, pp. 419-560, pis. yrrxiii to 

xxxvii. Describes Wabash, Whitewater, Great Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Hocking, Muskingum, and Beaver rivers and lesser tributaries of the Ohio in Indiana and Ohio, the streams 

discharging into Lake Erie and Lake Michigan, and streams flowing to the Upper Mississippi
XIV STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914.

through the Illinois; discusses shallow and drift wells, the flowing wells from the drift and deeper 

artesian wells, and gives records of wells at many of the cities; describes the mineral springs, 

and gives analyses of the waters; contains also tabulated lists of cities using surface waters for 

waterworks, and of cities and villages using shallow and deep well waters; discusses the source 

and quality of the city and village supplies, and gives precipitation tables for various points.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Pts. II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 volumes and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. IV, hydrography. $1.85. 

Contains:

*The rock waters of Ohio, by Edward Orton, pp. 633-717, pis. Ixxi to Ixxiii. Describes the 

principal geologic formations of Ohio and the waters from the different strata; discusses the flowing wells at various points and the artesian wells of the deep preglacial channels in Alien, Auglaize, and Mercer counties; discusses city and village supplies; gives analyses of waters from 

various formations.

MONOGRAPHS.

Monographs are of quarto size. They are not distributed free, but may be obtained from the Geological 

Silrvey or from the Superintendent of Documents at the prices given. An asterisk (*) indicates that the 

Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. (See Finding lists, pp. 89,118.)

XLI. Glacial formations and drainage features of the Erie and Ohio basins, by Frank 

Leverett. 1902, 802 pp., 26 pis. $1.75.

Treats of an area extending westward from Genesee Valley in New York across northwestern 

Pennsylvania and Ohio, central and southern Indiana, and southward from Lakes Ontario and 

Erie to Allegheny and Ohio rivers.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the 

papers so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, and detailed records of wells in Onondaga County, N. Y., and Hancock and Wood counties, 

Ohio. These wells were selected because they give definite stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin; and detailed records of wells in Cook County, HI.; Erie County, N. Y.; 

Ottawa, Sandusky, and Summit counties, Ohio; and Manitowoc County, Wis. The wells of 

which detailed sections are given were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic 

information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians 

and parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute a Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hills and val1 Index maps showing areas in the St. Lawrence basin covered by topographic maps and by geologic 

folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, 

D.C.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, J3TCV 1885-1914. XV

leys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The areal-geology 

map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The si ructural-geology 

map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The economicgeology map indicates the location jof mineral deposits that are commercially valuable.

The artesian-water map shows theidepth of underground-water horiz<

geology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the conditions in the areas 

mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special intere st to students of

geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the developmen

of mineral resources.

Folios 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 2

the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher tl lan 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in the Geological

Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more

by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They will be sold at 

the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale 01 ders. This rate 

applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), a so to the library 

edition of Folio 186. The library edition of Folios 185, 187, and higher numbers sells

for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an unusua 

of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of Folio 185 and

sells for 50 cents a copy, except Folio 193, which sells for 75 cents a co >y. A discount 

of 40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios or for folios together \dth topographic 

maps amounting to $5 or more at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios in 

the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters in connection 

with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning the 

utilzation of the water resources.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted.

*81. Chicago, Illinois-Indiana.

Describes an area embracing not only the immediate site of the city b it'adjacent parts of

Cook, Dupage, and Will counties, 111.; gives an account of the water power, 

of the waters, and gives analyses of waters from artesian wells; gives als<

lating to the geology and paleontology of the area.

140. Milwaukee special, Wisconsin. 5c.

Gives analyses of spring waters and of artesian water in Milwaukee; also tabulated data concerning wells.

155. Ann Arbor, Mich. 25c.

Discusses the present lakes, the lakes of the glacial period, and, under " Economic geology," 

the water resources, including the use of the rivers for power and of the tnderground waters, 

shallow and artesian, for city and village supplies; discusses the quality of t! le waters, and gives 

details by townships.

169. Watkins Glen-Catatonk, New York. 1 5c. 

Includes discussion of water supply at Ithaca.

190. Niagara, N. Y. 50c. either edition.

Gives analyses of mineral water from well at Akron; discusses briefly the municipal supplies 

of Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Tonawanda, La Salle, and Youngstown, and the t se of Niagara River 

for power development.

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organi 

from, time to time published reports relating to the wate 

the various sections of the country. Notable among those 

to the St. Lawrence River basin are the reports of the 

neers United States Army, the State Geological Survey

us. Economic-

, and utilization

I inches), called

or less damaged

ly large amount 

higher numbers

liscusses the quality 

a list of papers reations have 

resources of

pertaining 

of Engiof Illinois,

Chief

1 Octavo edition out of stock.
XVI STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914.

the Illinois Water-Supply Commission, the Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, the New York State Conservation Commission 

and State Water-Supply Commission, and the water-power report 

of the Tenth Census (vol. 16). The following reports deserve special 

mention:

The mineral content of Illinois waters, by Edward Bartow, J. A. Udden, S. W. 

Parr, and George T. Palmer: Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 10, 1909.

Chemical and biological survey of-waters of Illinois, by Edward Bartow: Univ. 

Illinois Pubs. 3, 6, 7, 1906-1909.

Chemical survey of the waters of Illinois, report for the years 1897-1902, by A. W. 

Palmer, with report on geology of Illinois as related to its water supply, by Charles W. 

Rolfe: Univ. Illinois Pub.

Diversion of the waters of the Great Lakes by way of the Sanitary and Ship Canal of 

Chicago: A brief of the facts and issues, by Lyman E. Cooley, Chicago, 1913.

The State of Missouri v. The State of Illinois and the Sanitary district of Chicago, 

before Frank S. Bright, commissioner of the Supreme Court of the United States. 

1904.

The mineral waters of Indiana, their location, origin, and character, by W. S. 

Blatchley: Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Twenty-sixth Ann. Kept., 1901.

Reports of the water resources investigation of Minnesota, by the State Drainage 

Commission, 1909-1912.

Water powers of Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey 

Bull. 20, 1908.

Hydrology of the State of New York, by George W. Rafter: New York State Mus. 

Bull. 85, 1905.

Many of these reports can be obtained-from the various commissions, and probably all can be consulted in the public libraries of the 

larger cities.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports not readily classifiable by drainage basins and covering a wide range of hydrologic investigatipns:

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 22.) lOc.

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United 

States.

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Kansas; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi. lOc. 

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.
STREAM-GAGING STATION^ ETC., 1885-1914.

1899. 97pp., 12 pis. 15c. 

makes comparisons of wl icels of several types

15c.

treams, experiment 

izers, and describes 

bibliography of pub lications relating to

PP

*20. Experiments with windmills, by.T. O. Perry.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, 

and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 

Gives r&ume" of Water-Supply Paper No. 3; discusses pollution of certain 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fert: 

American sewage disposal plants by States; contains 

sewage utilization and disposal.

32. Water resources of Puerto Rico, by H. M. Wilson. 1899. 48

Describes briefly topography, climate, rivers, irrigation methods, soils 

power, and transportation facilities.

*41. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. 

72 pp., 14 pis. 15c.

*42. The windmill; its efficiency and economic nse, Part II, by E. C. 

75pp., 2 pis. lOc. 

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by 

1901. 86. pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett, 

pis. 15c.

Gives elevations and distance along rivers of the United States, also brief 

of the streams. Arrangement geographic. Many river profiles are 

reports on surface waters in various parts of the United States.

*56. Methods cf stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp.,] 2 pis. 15c. 

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. (See also Nos. 64,

57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I 

by N. H. Barton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II 

ming), by N. H. Barton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" gives information coi 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States 

arranged alphabetically. A second revised edition was published in 19C 

Paper 149 (q. v.). 5c.

64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Murphy. 1901. 

Murphy. 1901.

of various types. 

Samuel Fortier.

1901. 100 pp., 11

treats of the shape 

methods of measuring yield of flowing well; deDescribes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and coi iputing stream flow 

and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes also 

experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged 

edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of underground waters; permeability of rocks and porosity of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of underground water; surfac e and deep zones of 

flow, and recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; 

and position of the water table; gives simple 

scribes artesian wells at Savannah, Ga.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect

on inland water resources, by M. O. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution.

77. The water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren. 

1903. 62 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Describes briefly the topography, geology, coral reefs, climate, sofls, vegetation, forests, fauna 

of the island, the springs, miming streams and wells, and discusses the utilization of the surface 

and underground waters. 

24017° WSP 384 16 10

xvn

i., 17 pis. 15c. 

forestation, water

scattered

escriptions of many 

through other

91, and 95.) 

Ala :>ama-Montana),

Nebraska- Wyoand heac of water in borings 

incitrning temperature, 

and the States are 

5 as Water-Supply

99 pp., 4 pig.
XVIII STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914.

79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. O. LBighton. 

1903. 192 pp. lOc.

Defines essential qualities of water for various uses, the impurities in rain, surface, and underground waters, the meaning and importance of sanitary analyses, and the principal sources of 

pollution; chiefly "a review of the more readily available records" of examination of water supplies derived from streams in the Merrimac, Connecticut, Housatonic, Delaware, and Ohio River 

basins; contains many analyses.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall 

run-off, and evaporation formulas; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c. 

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief Engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c.

Contains, in addition to an account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] 

branch of the United States Geological Survey, and the reports of the conference, the following 

papers of more or less general interest:

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Ross.

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien.

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs.

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner.

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane-table, by J. B. Lippincott.

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas A. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. 0. 

Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. (See also No. 95.)

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second, enlarged edition), by E. 0. Murphy.

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived from 

different instruments and methods. (See also No. 94.)

103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by its 

title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of meaduring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from notes 

furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie.

Notes on the hydrology of Cuba, by M. L. Fuller.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, describes the 

manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the waste. 

The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region about 

Marion, Ind., the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge.

1905. 285pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on " Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L^Fuller, discussing sources, 

amount and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water-bearing 

formation, recovery of water by'springs, wells, and pumps, essential conditions of artesian flows, 

and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.
STKEAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. XIX

115. River surveys and profiles made during 1903, by W. G. Hall and J. G. Hoyt. 

1905. 115pp., 4 pis. lOc. 

Contains results of surveys made to determine location of undeveloped power sites.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. G. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 5c. 

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of -sand to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in Bio 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y.; gives results of 

tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis. 

Scope indicated by title.

144. The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 31 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Discusses common salt in coast and inland waters, salt as an index to pollution of streams and 

wells, the solutions and methods used in chlorine determinations, and the use of the normal 

chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine in the New England States and New York.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan.

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller.

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, 

with accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, Chief engineer. 1905,

267 pp. 15c.

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest:

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by Mr. O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast.
XX STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross-section.

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition with additions, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), location, depth, diameter, yield, height 

of water, and other available information, concerning wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes 

all wells listed in Water-Supply Papers 57 to 61; mentions also principal publications relating 

to deep borings.

150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp., 38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

151. Field assay of water, by M. O. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States.

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. 

Scope indicated by title.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island. 

N. Y., by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuation due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

temperature changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, irrigation, dams, underground water developments, and to indeterminate causes.

*160. Underground water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906, 

104 pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905, lists of publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief rep'orts of general interest. *

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller.

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller.

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller.

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole.

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman.

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of steam pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lycnhburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp.,-1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and- effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 

pp., 2 pis. 20c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, by C-E. A. Winslow and 

E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and recent tendencies 

in sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character 

of crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. XXI

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage purification processes, recovery of copperas from acidiron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor.

^187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis. 5c.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of 

amounts and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical 

filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. The State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis. 40c. 

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*196. Water supply of Nome region, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 1906, by J. C. Hoyt 

and F. F. Henshaw. 1907. 52 pp., 6 pis. 15c.

Gives results of measurements of flow of Alaskan streams, discusses available water supply 

for ditch and pipe lines and power development; presents notes for investors.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, revision of paper No. 150, by R. 

. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 35c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*218. Water-supply investigations in Alaska, 1906-7 (Nome and Kougarok regions, 

Seward Peninsula; Fairbanks district, Yukon-Tanana region), by F. F. 

Henshaw and C. C. Covert. 1908. 156 pp., 12 pis. 25c.

Describes the drainage basins, gives results of observations at the gaging stations, and discusses 

the water supply of the ditches and pipe lines, and possibilities of development; gives also meteorological records.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite-pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, 

by E. B. Phelps. 1908. 37 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes the manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work 

leading to suggestions as to methods of preventing steam pollution.

228. Water-supply investigations of the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, 1907 and 1908 

(Fairbanks, Circle, and Rampart districts), by C. C. Covert and C. E. Ellsworth. 1909. 108 pp., 7 pis. 20c.

Describes the drainage basins; gives results of observations at gaging stations; discusses the 

water supplies of the ditches and pipe lines and possibilities of hydraulic development.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 

91 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, 

by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under the 

direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers, by 

M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; 

Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parke.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool-scouring, bleaching, and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.
XXH STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one-hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. .123 pp. lOc. 

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of 

estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by-Rene" 

Tavernier and M. O. Leighton. ,1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to the 

development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French Parliament; reviews work of 

bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the French department of agriculture, 

and gives resume of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Puller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different

materials; springs, and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, relative

cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells

and cisterns.

257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of underground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of well 

drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and the 

machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well waters 

and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of sinking 

wells.

*258. Underground water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Ckpp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 125 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Drainage of wells, by M. L. Fuller.

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller. 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. -L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

259. The underground waters of southwestern Ohio, by M. L. Fuller and F. G. 

Clapp, with a discussion of the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. 

Dole. 1912. -228 pp., 9 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, climate, and geology of the region, the water-bearing formations, the 

source, mode of occurrence, and head of the waters, and municipal supplies; gives details by 

counties; discusses in supplement, under chemical character, method of analysis and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, or 

medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field assays. 

The matter in the supplement was also published in Water-Supply Paper 254 (The underground 

waters of north-central Indiana).

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment, 

carried by the Rio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188 pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation; gives 

results of analyses of waters of the Rio Grande and of Pecos, Gallinas, and Hondo rivers.

280. Gaging stations maintained by the United States Geological Survey, 1888-1910, 

and Survey publications relating to water resources, compiled by B. D. Wood. 

1912. 102 pp. lOc.

314. Surface water supply of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by F. F. Henshaw and G. L. 

Parker, with a sketch of the geography and geology by P. S. Smith, and a 

description of methods of placer mining by A. H. Brooks. 1913. 317 pp., 

17 pis. 45c. 

Contains results of work at gaging stations.

315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 8 

pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of nitration and sterilization of water, and municipal water softening.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. XXHI

318. Water resources of Hawaii, 1909-1911, by W. F. Martin and C. H. Pierce. 1913. 

552 pp., 15 pis. 50c.

Describes the general features of the islands and gives results of measurements of streams and 

of observations of rainfall and evaporation; contains a gazetteer.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods) by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson.. 1913. 96 pp., 32 pis. 

20c.

AlthougB relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

336. Water resources of Hawaii, 1912, by C. H. Pierceand G. K. Larrison. 1914. 

392 pp. 50c. 

Contains results of stream measurements on the islands in 1912.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 78 pp., 7 pis 

15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

342. Surface water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, by C. E. Ellsworth 

and R. W. Davenport. 1915. 343 pp., 13 pis.

Presents results of 6 years' observations of the water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, 

discusses climate and precipitation, and gives station records.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer.

(e) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall, 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65. 

Scope indicated by title.

(f) The discharge of Yukon River at Eagle, Alaska, by E. A. Porter and R. W. Davenport, 

pp. 67-77, pis. IV-V. 5c.

Describes briefly thelocation and size of the Yukon basin, the climatic conditions in the basin, 

and methods of collecting hydrometric data; compares run-oft with precipitation, and gives table 

showing the discharge of some of the large rivers in the United States as compared with the 

discharge of the Yukon and the Nile.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and Arizona, 

and California.

371. Equipment for current-water gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

373. Water resources of Hawaii, 1913, by G. K. Larrison. 1915. 190. pp.

Contains results of stream measurements on the islands in 1913.

375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer.

(c) Relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. 

Davenport, pp. 77-84.

A paper presented at the conference of engineers of the Water Resources Branch in December, 

1914.

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130. 

A paper presented at the conference of engineers of the Water Resources Branch in December, 1914.

(f) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining stream-flow records, by C. H 

Pierce, pp. 131-139.

A paper presented at the conference of engineers of the Water Resources Branch in December, 1914.

400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.
XXIV STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-S4, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlain, pp. 125 to 

173, "pi. xxi. Scope indicated by title.

*Twelf th Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II, Irrigation, xviii, 576- pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

*Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 368-561, pis. evil to cxlvi. (See Water-Supply 

Paper 87.)

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. Pt. Ill, Irrigation, pp. xi, 486, 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, pis. cxi to cxlv. Discusses 

the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt and sedimentation; gives brief history 

of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho-California, Wyoming, and Arizona; discusses 

water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of supply 

pumping and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, pp. xx, 597, 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*Potable waters of the eastern United States, by W. J. McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-S8, pis. iii and iv. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols: 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II, papers chiefly of a theoretical 

nature, pp. v, 958, 127 plates. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, pis. 

vi to xvii. Discusses the amount of warer stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks, the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous media, and through 

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes 

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth of 

rivers, rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, pis. 

xvii. Scope indicated by title.

Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1898-99, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1899. (Parts II, III, IV, V, and VII, 1900.) 7 parts 

in 8 vols. and separate case for maps with 1ft. V. *Pt. IV, Hydrography, 

yii, 660 pp., 75 plates. $1.40. Contains:

*Hydrography of Nicaragua, by A. P. Davis, pp. 563-637, pis. Ixiv to Ixxv. Describes the 

topographic features of the boundary, the lake basin, and Rio San Juan; gives a brief r&ume' of 

the boundary dispute; discusses rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity, evaporation 

resources, and productions, the ship, railway, and canal projects; gives the history of the investigations by the Canal Commission, and results of measurements on the Rio Grande, on streams 

tributary to Lake Nicaragua, and on Rio San Juan and its tributaries.

Twenty-second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901, 

Charles D. Walcott, Director. 1901. (Parts III and IV, 1902.) 4 parts. 

Pt. IV, Hydrography, 690 pp., 65 pis. $2.20. Contains:

*Hydrography of the American Isthmus, by A. P. Davis, pp. 507-630, pis. xxxvii to 1. 

Describes the physiography, temperature, rainfall, and winds of Central America; discusses the 

hydrography of the Nicaragua Canal route and the Panama Canal route; gives estimated 

monthly discharges of many of the streams, rainfall, and evaporation tables at various points.
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. XXV

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

72; Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate, and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives details 

of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee river 

basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers.

86. The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on 

experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 265 pp., 

3 pis. 70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specially equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Cal., and was undertaken for the purpose of learning "the laws which control the movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the stream 

.slope and discharge and to the degree of communication of the de'bris." 

A highly technical report.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as 

available.

264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299pp. 25c.

Bulletins 264 and 298 discuss the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners 

of oil, gas, and water wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives 

tabulated records of wells by States, and detailed records selected as affording valuable stratigraphic information.

*319. Summary of "the controlling conditions of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller, 

1908. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors of 

artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting 

1 values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, silica in 

river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A=Annual Reports; M=Monograph; B=Bulletin; P=Professional Paper; W=Water-Supply Paper;

G F=Geologic folio.]

Alaska: Surface waters....................... W 196, 218, 228, 314, 342, 345 (/)

Artesian waters: Essential conditions......................... A5;B 319; W 67, 114

Bibliographies 1 .............................................. W 119, 120, 163, 280

Chemical analyses: 2 Methods and interpretation. .. W 151, 236, 259, 274, 364; B 479 

Conservation.......................................................... W 234, 400

Cuba: Surface, underground, and quality of waters........................... W 110

Denudation.................................................................P 72

Engineering methods....*..... P 86; W 1, 3, 8, 20, 41, 42, 43, 56, 64, 93, 94, 95, 110,

143,146,150,180,187, 200, 257, 337, 345 («), 371, 375 (c, e and/) 

Floods............................................................ W147,162,334

Hawaiian Islands: Surface waters............................... W 77, 318, 336, 373

Illinois: Quality of waters......................... A 17 ii; W 194, 236, 239; G F 81

Surface waters.................................... A 17 ii; W 236, 239; G F 81

Underground waters................. A 17 ii; B 264, 298; W 57, 114, 149; G F 81

India: Irrigation................................................... A 12 ii; W 87

Indiana: Quality of waters...................................... A 18 iv; W 236, 254

Surface waters......................................... v W 147; M xli; G F 81

Underground waters..... A 18 iv; B 264, 298; W 21, 26, 57, 114, 149, 254; G F 81

Ice measurements................................................ W 146, 187, 337

Irrigation, general........................ A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20, 22, 41, 42, 87, 93, 146

Legal aspects: Surface waters...................................... W 103, 152, 238

Underground waters................................................... W 122

Michigan: Quality of waters.................... W 30, 31, 102, 182, 183, 236; G F 155

Surface waters....................................... W 30, 147, 162; G F 155

Underground waters.................................. B 264, 298; W 30, 31, 57,

102, 114, 145, 149, 160, 182, 183; G F 155 

Mineral springs: Analyses.................................... A 14 ii; W 364; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc............................................... A 14 ii

Lists........................................................... B 32;W 114

Minnesota: Quality of waters.......................................... W 193, 236

Surface waters................................................... W 162, 193

Underground waters........................... B 264, 298; W 57, 102, 114, 149

Motions of ground waters......................... A 19 ii; B 319; W 67, 110, 140, 155

New York: Quality of waters.............................. W 144, 145, 236; G F 169

Surface waters....................... M xli; W 24, 25, 80, 147, 162, 187; G F 169

Underground waters...... B 264, 298; W 61, 102, 110, 114, 145, 149, 155; G F 169

Nicaragua: Surface waters.......................................... A 20 iv, 22 iv

Ohio: Quality of waters............................ A 18 iv, 19 iv; W 179, 236, 259

Surface waters............................................... M xli; W 91, 162

Underground waters.................. A 18 iv, 19 iv; B 264, 298; W 91, 114; 149

Panama: Surface waters,................................................. A 22 iv

i Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

* Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.

SXVI
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS, ETC., 1885-1914. XXVII

Pennsylvania: Surface waters.......................................... W 147, 162

Underground waters. ........................ B 264, 298; W 110, 114, 145, 149

Pollution: By industrial wastes........................... W 179, 186, 189, 226, 235

By sewage...................................................... W 72, 79, 194

Laws forbidding.................................................... W 103, 152

Indices of....................................................... W 144, 160

Porto Rico: Surface waters and irrigation-................................... W 32

Profiles of rivers....................................................... W 44, 115

River profiles......................................................... W 44, 115

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation...................... W 3,

22, 72, 79, 103, 110, 113, 114, 121, 144, 145, 152, 160, 179,

185, 186, 189, 194, 226, 229, 235, 236, 255, 258, 315

Sewage disposal and purification...................... W 3, 22, 72, 113, 185,194, 229

Underground waters: Legal aspects:........................................ W 122

Methods of utilization................................. ....*.... W 114, 255, 257

Pollution................................................ W 110, 145,160, 258

Vermont: Quality of waters............................................ W 144, 236

Surface waters.. ................................^..................... W 187

Underground waters...................................... W 102, 110,114, 149

Windmill papers ................................................. W 8, 20, 41, 42

Wisconsin: Quality of waters............................................. G F 140

Surface waters................................................ W156;GF140

Underground waters................... B 264, 298; W 61, 114, 145, 149; G F 140
INDEX OF STKEAMS.

Aminicon River, Wis.............

Auglaize River, Ohio.............

Au Sable River, Mich...........

Ausable River, N. Y.............

Bad River, Wis.................

Beaver Bay River, Minn.........

Beaver River, N. Y.............

Big Chazy River, N. Y...........

Black River, N. Y...............

Black River, Ohio...............

Blanchard River, Ohio...........

Boardman River, Mich..........

Bog River, N. Y................

Boquet River, N. Y.............

Brule River, Minn...............

Brule River, Wis. (tributary to

Lake Michigan) ...............

Brule River, Wis. (tributary to

Lake Superior)................

Canadice Lake outlet, N. Y.......

Canaseraga Creek, N. Y...........

Carp River, Mich.................

Cascade River, Minn............

Cass River, Mich.................

Cattaraugus Creek, N. Y..........

Cayuga Lake, N. Y................

Champlain Lake, Vt..............

Chateaugay River, N. Y.........

Chazy River, Big, N. Y...........

Chittenango Creek, N. Y.........

Cloquet River, Minn.............

Clyde River, Vt..................

Crockery Creek, Mich............

Cuyahoga River, Ohio...........

Dead River, Mich................

Deer River, N. Y...............

Devil Track River, Minn........

Dog River, Vt....................

East Branch or Fork. See name of

main stream. 

East Creek, Vt..................

Escanaba River, Mich...........

Fall Creek, N. Y................

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Fawn River, Mich...............

Fish Creek, East Branch, N. Y... 

Fish Creek, N. Y.................

Fish Creek, West Branch, N. Y... 

Flint River, Mich...............

Fond du Lac River, East Branch,

Wis........................... vni

Fond du Lac River, West Branch,

Wis........................... vin

Fox River, Wis.................. vin

Genesee River, N. Y............ ix

George,Lake, N. Y............... x

Grand River, Mich.............. vin

Hemlock Lake, N. Y............ ix

Honeyoye Creek, N. Y........... ix

Huntington River, Vt........... x

Huron River, Mich.............. ix

Iron River, Mich................ vni

Kalamazoo River, Mich.......... vni

Keshequa Creek, N. Y........... ix

Lake Champlain, Vt.............. x

Lake George, N. Y............... x

Lake George outlet, N. Y........ x

Lamoille River, Vt............... x

Little River, Vt................... x

Little Wolf River, Wis............ vin

Mad River, Vt-.................. x

Manistee River, Mich............ vni

Maumee River, Ohio.............. ix

Menominee River, Mich., Wis..... vm

Mettowee River, N. Y............ x

Middle Branch or Fork. See name

name of main stream. 

Milwaukee River, Wis............ vin

Missisquoi River, Vt............. x

Moose River, Middle Branch, N. Y. x 

Moose River, N. Y................ x

Muskegon River, Mich........... vin

Niagara River, N. Y............... ix

Oconto River, Wis................ vin

Oneida Creek, N. Y.............. ix.

Oneida River, N. Y.............. ix

Onondaga Lake outlet, N. Y...... ix
INDEX OF STREAMS. XXIX

Ontonagon River, Mich..........

Orwell Brook, N. Y................

Oswegatchie River, East Branch, 

N.Y..........................

Oswegatchie River, N.Y..........

. Oswego River, N.Y..............

Ottawa River, Ohio..............

Otter Creek, Vt...................

Owasco oxitlet, N.Y...............

Peshtigo River, Wis..............

Pike River, Wis..................

Pine River, Wis..................

Poplar River, Minn...............

Poultney River, Vt..............

Raquette River, N.Y............

Red Cedar River, Mich...........

Reeds Springs, Mich.............

Richelieu River, N. Y............

Rifle River, Mich.................

St. Francis River, Quebec.........

St. Joseph River, Ind.............

St. Joseph River, Mich............

St. Louis River, Minn............

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St. Marys River, Ind............. ix

St. Regis River, N. Y,........... x

Salmon River, N. Y......... i.... x

Sandusky River, Ohio............ ix

Saranac River, N.Y............. x

Seneca Lake, N.Y................ ix

Seneca River, N.Y................ ix

Shiawassee River, Mich.......... vm

Skaneateles Lake and outlet, N.Y. ix

Thunder Bay River, Mich......... vm

TimnRiver, Ohio................ ix

Tittabawassee River, Mich....... vm

Tonawanda Creek, Little, N.Y... ix

Tonawanda Creek, N. Y.......... ix

West Branch or Fork. See name of

main stream.

WhitefaceRiver, Minn............ vn

Winooski River, Vt.............. x

Winooski River, Worcester Branch,

Vt............................. x

Wolf River, Little, W|s............ vm

Wolf River, West Branch, Wis.... vm

Wolf River, Wis.................. vm

O