## DOE/EIA-0584 (2007)



# Annual Coal Report
2007 February 2009 Energy Information Administration

Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric, and Alternate Fuels U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

## This report is available on the Web at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/c neaf/coal/acr/acr.pdf

_____________________________________________

This report was prepared by the Energy Information Admi nistration, the independent statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained he rein should be not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the De partment of Energy or any other organization.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 ii 

# Contacts

This publication was prepared by Fred Freme under the direction of Thomas Leckey , Director, Coal, Nuclear, and Renewable Fuels Division, and William Watson, Analysis Team Leader, within the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. Specific information about the data in this report can be obtained from Fred Freme at (202) 586-1251, or e-mail at Frederick.Freme@eia.doe.gov . Other questions on coal statistics should be directed to the National Energy Information Center at (202) 586-8800 or e-mail at infoctr@eia.doe.gov
.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 iii 

# Preface

The Annual Coal Report (ACR) provides information about U.S. coal production, number of mines, prices, productivity, employment, productive capacity, and recoverable reserves to a wide audience, including Congress, Federal and State ag encies, the coal industry, and the general public. This report is published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to fulfill data collection and dissemination responsibilities as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275), as amended. This report presents annual data on coal production, prices, recoverable reserves, employment, productivity, productive capacity, consumption, and stocks. U.S. coal production, employment, and productivity are based on the U.S. Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health Administration’s Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report.” Prices, recoverable reserves, and productive capacity are based on EIA’s annual survey form, EIA-7A, “Coal Production Report.” This report is the 32 nd

## annual report on coal production published by EIA and continues the series formerly included in the Minerals Yearbook published by the Bureau of Mines. The Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels acknowledges the co operation of the respondents in supplying the information published in the Annual Coal Report and appreciates the valuable assistance of State coal mining agencies and the U. S. Department of Labor: Mine Safety and Health Administration.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 iv 

# Contents

Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. ................................................... 1 Coal Pro duction................................................................................................................ ...................................................... 10 Productive Capac ity ............................................................................................................ ................................................... 26 Recoverable Reserves........................................................................................................... .................................................. 30 Employment ..................................................................................................................... ...................................................... 36 Produc tivity ................................................................................................................... ......................................................... 42 Domestic Markets ............................................................................................................... ................................................... 50 Average Mine Sales Pr ice ....................................................................................................... ............................................... 54 Average Consumer Prices ........................................................................................................ .............................................. 63 Glossary....................................................................................................................... ........................................................... 65

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 v 

# Tables
1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2007-2006 .......................................................... .. 11 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, an d Mine Type, 2007...................................................... . 13 3. Underground Coal Production by State and Mining Method , 2007................................................................... ......... 17 4. Coal Production by Coalbed Th ickness and MineType, 2007 ....................................................................... ............ 18 5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thickness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2007 .................................................. 19 6. Coal Production and Number of Mine s by State and Co al Rank, 2007 ............................................................... ....... 20 7. Coal Production by State, MineType, and Unio n Status , 2007.................................................................... .............. 21 8. Coal Disposition by State, 2007................................................................................................ .................................. 22 9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2007 .................................................................................................... ................................. 23 10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2007................................................................................................ ................................ 24 11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2007, 2006......................................................................... .................. 27 12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2007, 2006........................................................................ ................... 28 13. Productive Capacity and Cap acity Utilization of Undergro und Coal Mines by State an d Mining Method, 2007 ...... 29 14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Per centage at Producing Mine s by State, 2007, 2006 ............... 31 15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2007 ........................................................................... ............. 32 16. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and Mini ng Method , 2007............................................................................................... .............................. 33 17. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production Rangeand Mine Type, 2007 ................................................................................... ................... 34 18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Ty pe, 2007, 2006 ................................................................. ...... 37 19. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 2007.... 38 20. Average Number of Employees at Underground and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2007 ..................... 40 21. Coal Mining Productivity by St ate and Mine Ty pe, 2007, 2006.................................................................... ............. 43 22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State an d Mining Me thod, 2007 .......................................................... ... 45 23. Coal Mining Productivity by State, MineType, and Mine Produ ction Rang e, 2007.................................................. 46 24. Coal Mining Productivity by State, Mine Type, and Un ion Status , 2007 ........................................................... ........ 48 25. Coal Consumers in the Manufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2007..................................................................... ............ 51 26. U.S. Coal Consumption by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2007, 2006 ........................................... 52 27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Divisi on, 2007, 2006................................................................. ........... 53 28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and MineType, 200 7, 2006..................................................... .. 55 29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mi ning Method, 2007 ................................... 56 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Numb er of Mines, 2007 ....................................... 57 31. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Coal Rank , 2007 ........................................................... ...... 60 32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range an d Mine Type, 2007................................... 61 33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Di sposition, 2007................................................................ .............. 62 34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Use Sector by Census Division an d State, 2 007, 2006 ............................... 64

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 vi

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 1 

# Executive Summary

Coal production in the United States in 2007 totaled 1,146.6 million short tons (Table ES1), a decrease of 1.4 percent, or 16.1 million short tons from the 2006 record level of 1,162.8 million short tons. Although coal production declined in 2007, U.S. total coal consumption increased for the year. Coal consumption in 2007 in the electric power sector was higher by 1.8 percent, while coking coal consumption decreased by 1.1 percent and the other industrial sector declined by 4.8 percent. (Note: All percentage change calculations are done at the shorttons level.) Total coal stoc ks increased during the year, as some consumers continued to rebuild their stockpiles that had been seriously depleted in 2005 due to transportation issues. The growth in coal consumption during the year was primarily a result of the weather-related increases in the demand for electricity in 2007. Total generation in the electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) in the United States grew in 2007 by 2.5 percent. Coal-based generation also increased, resulting in an 18.5-million-short-ton increase in coal consumed in the electric powe r sector. Coal use in the non-electricity sector decreasedby 3.3 percent to a level of 82.9 million short tons. Coal prices in 2007 increasedfor both the mine-level prices and the consumer prices. Although the average delivered price of coal increased for most users in the United States in 2007, the increases were smaller than what had been experienced in 2006. In the domestic markets, the electric utility price-per-short-ton increase was 5.3 percent, while the increase was only 1.5 percent for independent power producers. Coking coal prices increased by 2.3 percent, wh ile the average price for the other industrial sector increased by 5.3 percent in 2007.



# Production
U.S. coal production decreased in 2007 by 1.4 percent to a level of 1,146.6 million short tons (Figure ES1 and Table ES1), 16.1 million short tons lower than the 2006 production. Although total U.S. coal production was lower in 2007, only two of the three coal-producing regions had lower production while the other increased, but only marginally. Exclusive of refuse production, the Appalachian and Interior Regions had a decrease in their production levels in 2007 of 3.4 percent and 3.1 percent respectively, while the Western Region had an increase in coal production of 0.3 percent. In the amount of tons of coal produced, the decrease in the Appalachian Region production was 13.4 million short tons, while the decrease in Interior Region production in 2007 was 4.7 million short tons. Coal production in the Western Region increased by 1.6 million short tons. 

# Appalachian Region

Coal production in the Appalachian Region declined for the second consecutive year in 2007, decreasing by 13.4 million short tons, to end the year at 377.8 million short tons (Table ES2), a decline of 3.4 percent, a level only slightly greater than the 2003 production total. The decrease in 2007 in coal production in the Appalachian Region was primarily driven by two different issues. One issue was the production problems at a few of the larger mines in the region; and the other was ongoing lawsuits, principally in the central portion of the Appalachian Region, concerning the issuing of Federal permits that regulate the excavation and discharge of dredged and fill material into the waters of the United States. As a consequence of these lawsuits, new permits have not been issued as quickly as th ey had in the past thereby limiting some possible additional production. West Virginia, the largest co al-producing State in the Appalachian Region and the second largest in the United States, was one of the only two States in the region to have an increase in coal production in 2007. Total coal production increased slightly in West Virginia, by 0.7 percent, in 2007 to end the year with 153.5 million short tons of production, 1.1 million short tons above the 2006 level. Increases in coal production at Mettiki Coal’s Mountain View mine (a replacement mine for Mettiki’s depleted Maryland mine) of 2.2 million short tons and a full year’s production from Frasure Creek Mining’s new Mine No. 7 of 1.1 million short tons, helped to offset the declines in production experienced at Alpha Natural Resources’ Mountaineer Alma A mine of 1.0 million short tons and Consol Energy’s McElroy mine of 0.8 million short tons. Eastern Kentucky produced 87.1 million short tons of coal in 2007, a decline of 7.0 percent or 6.5 million short tons, the largest tonnage decrease for any State in the Appalachian Region. Although the Locust Grove’s Elm Lick mine had an increase in 2007 of 1.3 million short tons in its first full year of production and three other mines had increases of over a half-a-million short tons, production decreases by numerous other mines,

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 2 

## Figure ES1. Coal Production by Coal-Producing Region, 2007 (Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2006) Regional totals do not include refuse recovery U.S. Total: 1,146.6 Million Short Tons (-1.4% )



## Western

621.0 (0.3%)

Interior 146.7 (-3.1%) Appalachian 377.8 (-3.4%)

Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report , 2007 , DOE/EIA-0584(2007) (Washington, DC, February 2009).


## including the 2007 idling of ICG’s Blackberry and Nally & Hamilton Enterprises’ Colliers Creek mines resulting in drops of 1.2 and 0.6 million short tons respectively, lead to the lower annual production in Eastern Kentucky for the year. Pennsylvania produced 65.0 million short tons, a decrease of 1.5 percent from 2006, or 1.0 million short tons. There was no single mine that accounted for the majority of the decline in coal production in Pennsylvania for the year, but the slight decreases of less than 0.3 million short tons experienced by Consol’s Bailey and Foundation’s Cumberland and Emerald mines were more than enough to offset the increases in coal production experienced by Consol’s Enlow Fork, Dana Mining’s 4 West, and Rosebud Mining’s Logansport mines. Coal production in Virginia decreased in 2007 by 4.4 million short tons to a total of 25.3 million short tons, a decline of 14.8 percent. Th e decrease in coal production in Virginia was primarily a result of the lower production by Consol’s Buchanan mine that experienced a roof fall in July and was closed for the remainder of the year, resulting in a production level for the mine that was 43.7 percent below the 2006 level. Ohio’s coal production declined slightly in 2007 by 0.6 percent to end the year at 22.6 million short tons. Besides West Virginia, Alabam a was the only other State in the Appalachian Region to have increased coal production in 2007 with a total of 19.3 million short tons for the year. The increase of 0. 5 million short tons, or 2.6 percent, was the result of higher coal production at the Jim Walter Resources’ No. 4 mine that helped replace the lost coal production from its No. 5 mine, which was abandoned due to the depletion of its reserves, and increased production from Drummond Company’s Shoal Creek mine. Tennessee had a slight decrease of 0.2 million short tons in coal production in 2007 from its prior year level, resulting in a total of 2.7 million short tons. With the closing of Mettiki Coal’s Mettiki mine (the largest mine in the State) due to the depletion of coal reserves in 2007, total coal production in Maryland in 2007 decreased by 54.5 per cent to end the year at 2.3 million short tons, the lowest level of any State in the Appalachian Region.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 3 

## Table ES1. U.S. Coal Supply, Disposition, and Prices, 2006-2007 (Million Short Tons and Dollars per Short Ton) Item 2006 2007 Production by Region Appalachian 391.2 377.8 Interior 151.4 146.7 Western 619.4 621.0 Refuse Recovery 0.8 1.2 Total 1,162.8 1,146.6 Consumption by Sector Electric Power 1,026.6 1,045.1 Coke Plants 23.0 22.7 Other Industrial Plants 59.5 56.6 Residential/Commercial 3.2 3.5 Total 1,112.3 1,128.0
Year-End Coal Stocks Electric Power 141.0 151.2 Coke Plants 2.9 1.9 Other Industrial Plants 6.5 5.6 Producers/Distributors 36.5 34.0 Total 186.9 192.8 Average Delivered Price Electric Utilities $34.26 $36.06 Independent Power Producers $33.04 $33.11 Coke Plants $92.87 $94.97 Other Industrial Plants $51.67 $54.42 Average U.S. Open Market Mine Price $25.16 $26.20
Notes: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Sum of stock changes and consumption may not equal production, primarily because the supply and disposition data are obtained from diffe rent surveys. Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report 2007 , tables 1; 26; 27; 28; and 34; DOE/EIA-0584 (2007) (Washington, DC, February 2009).



# Interior Region
The Interior Region experienced a decrease in coal production in 2007 of 4.7 million short tons, or 3.1 percent, to end the year at a total of 146.7 million short tons. The decline in coal production in the Interior Region was primarily a result of the lower coal production in Texas, the larg est coal-produci ng State in the region. In 2007 coal production in Texas was 41.9 million short tons, a decline of 3.6 million short tons from the 2006 level. Although there was an increase in coal production at Luminant Mining’s Tatum mine of 1.1 million short tons for the year, the decline of 2.6 million short tons at its Three Oaks mine and the suspension of coal production at its Winfield North mine resulted in lower coal production in Texas in 2007. Of the two States to regist er increases in 2007 coal production in the Interior Region, Western Kentucky accounted for almost all of th e regional increase. Coal production in Western Kentucky increased 0.9 million short tons in 2007 to end the year at 28.2 million short tons, an increase of 3.6 percent. Although Armstrong Coal’s Big Run mine was idled at the end of 2006 with a resulting loss of over 1 million short tons of coal production, expansions at KenAmerican Resources’ Paradise No. 9 mine of 0.6 million short tons and Hopkins County Coal’s Elk Creek mine of 1.1 million short tons was more than enough to offset that loss. Arkansas, the Nation’s smalle st coal producing State, was the only other State in the Interior Region to have higher production in 2007. Coal production in Arkansas increased to reach a total of 83 thousand short tons, 60 thousand short tons higher than the 2006 level.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 4 

## Indiana, the second-largest coal-producing State in the Interior Region, had a slight decrease of 0.3 percent in 2007 to end the year with a total of 35.0 million short tons, a level that was 0.1 million short tons below 2006. Declines of almost a half million short tons each experienced at Vigo Coal Company’s Cypress Creek mine and Triad Mining’s Patoka mine were balanced by Sunrise Coal’s Carlisle mine, in its first year of coal production, which produced 1.0 million short tons in 2007. Coal production in Illinois also declined slightly by 0.9 percent to end the year at 32.4 million short tons, a decrease of 0.3 million short tons. Increases in coal production by Mach Mining’s No. 1 mine of 0.9 million short tons and Vigo Coal Company’s Friendsville mine of 0.6 million short tons in 2007 were negated by the lower production levels of several mines, including Foundation Coal’s Wabash mine which was abandoned early in 2007, and the idling of Monterey Coal’s No. 1 mine and Springfield Coal’s Crown II mine. The other States in the Interior Re gion (Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Oklahoma), which together produced 8.9 million short tons of coal and accounted for a total of 6.1 percent of the entire region’s production in 2007, all had lower coal production from their prior year levels.


# Western Region
The Western Region was the only one of the three regions to show an increase in coal production in 2007. Coal production rose by 0.3 percent to reach a total of 621.0 million short tons, over 54 percent of total U.S. coal production for the year. The slight increase of 1.6 million short tons resulted in another record level for the region, the fourth year in a row. Even though there was a record level of coal production in 2007, only three States in the Western Region had higher production levels from the previous year, Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming. Wyoming is the largest coal-producing State in the Nation, a position it has held since 1988. In 2007, Wyoming produced 453.6 million short tons of coal, an increase of 1.5 percent, or 6.8 million short tons for the year. Although nine of the twenty-one mines in Wyoming had decreases in coal production in 2007, the increased production levels at the rest of the mines pushed the State to a new production record for the year. Wyoming has dominated U.S. coal production since 1995 when it first accounted fo r more than one-quarter of total U.S. production. Examples of how much Wyoming dominated the U.S. coal suppl y include that for 2007, its production accounted for 73 percent of the Western Region production total; was 76.4 million short tons more than the entire Appalachian Region production; was more than three times the Interior Region production; and was only slightly less than 40 percent of the total U.S. coal production for the year. Also, if the 25 States that produced coal in 2007 were ranked by descending total production levels, Wyoming produced only 1.4 million short tons less than the sum of the next six largest coal-producing States (West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Montana, Texas, and Colorado) and 217.4 million short tons more coal than the summation of the States ranked 8th through 25th. Peabody’s North Antelope Rochelle mine was the largest coal mine in Wyoming and the United States in 2007, producing a total of 91.5 million short tons, an increase of 3.0 million short tons. This one mine produced more coal than 22 of the 24 ot her coal-producing States in 2007. However, the one mine in Wyoming that had the largest tonnage increase in 2 007 was Arch Coal’s Coal Creek mine, which returned to production in mid-2006 after suspending coal production in 2000. Coal Creek increased production in 2007 by 7.1 million short tons to end the year at a total of 10.2 million short tons. In 2007, Montana, the s econd largest coal-producing State in the Western Region, produced a total of 43.4 million short tons, an increase of 3.7 percent, displacing Texas as the fifth largest coal-producing State in the Nation. Although there were decreases in production at four of the six mines in Montana, the increase in coal production at Spring Creek Coal’s Spring Creek mine of 1.2 million short tons in 2007, to reach a total of 15.7 million short tons, more than offset the declines. Colorado had a slight incr ease in coal production in 2007, ending the year with a total of 36.4 million short tons, an increase of 0.2 percent, or 62 thousand short tons. Total coal production in North Dakota declined in 2007 by 2.6 percent to end the year at 29.6 million short tons. Declines in production at three of the four mines, Center, Falkirk, and Freedom mines, negated the increase in coal production by the Beulah mine. New Mexico had a decrease of 1.5 million short tons in 2007 to end the year with a total of 24.5 million short tons, a decline of 5.6 percent, and the second year in a row that production declined in the State. The majo rity of the decrease in coal production for New Mexico was attributable to the decreased production level at Chevron Mining’s McKinley mine. Coal production in Utah in 2007 declined by 6.6 percent to a level of 24.3 million short tons. Although there was a 1-million-short-ton-plus increase in coal production at West Ridge Resources’ West Ridge mine, decreases of over 1 million short tons at Arch Coal’s Sufco mine and Andalex Resources’ Aberdeen mine more than o ffset the increase. In 2007 coal production in Arizona decreased by 2.8 percent to end the year at 8.0 million short tons, while coal production in Alaska was 1.3 million short tons, slightly below the prior year total. There was no coal production in Washington in 2007 due to the closing of the State’s

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 5 

## only mine, TransAlta’s Centralia mine, in November of 2006.


# Employment
The number of employees in U.S. coal mines decreased in 2007 by 1.6 percent to a level of 81,278. Decreases in the number of employees were experienced in both underground and surface mining in 2007 at the national level. The largest decrease in total employees in a State was in Kentucky, which had 973 fewer employees on the payroll. There were some States that had slight increases in the number of employees, while Washington, which closed its only mine in November of 2006, had no mine employees for 2007.



# Productivity
Productivity at coal mines in 2007 increased slightly by 0.1 percent to a level of 6.27 tons per miner per hour. Total productivity increased as a result of an increase in surface productivity which grew in 2007 by 0.6 percent to a level of 10.25 short tons per miner per hour. Underground productivity dropped in 2007 by the same percentage, 0.6 percent to a level of 3.34 short tons per miner per hour resulting in the decrease in total productivity for the year. Part of the decline in underground productivity was a result of miners having increasing hours used in safety and health work in compliance with the MINER Ac t of 2006 that affected the ability to mine coal. Changes in regional productivity varied across the U.S. in 2007, with the largest decline in the Interior Region while there was an increase in Western Region. Total productivity in the Appalachian Region decreased by 0.9 percent in 2007 to a level of 3.10 short tons per miner per hour. This drop was a refl ection of the decrease in both underground productivity in the region, which declined by 1.3 percent and a decrease in surface productivity of 0.3 percent in 2007. Total productivity in the Interior Region declined by 4.8 percent to a level of 4.85 short tons per miner per hour in 2007, with declines in both underground and surface pr oductivity. Underground productivity in the Interior Region decreased somewhat in 2007 by 0.8 percent to a level of 3.52 short tons per miner per hour while surface productivity decreased by 8.0 percent to a level of 6.76 short tons per miner per hour. Reflecting the large number of surface mines in the region, the Western Region actually had an increase in total productivity in 2007, 1.0 percent to 20.40 short tons per miner per hour. Productivity in underground mines in the Western Region dropped by 0.6 percent to 6.73 short tons per miner per hour, while surface productivity increased by 2.3 percent to a level of 26.28 short tons per miner per hour.


# Consumption
Total coal consumption rebounded in 2007, increasing by 1.4 percent over the 2006 level. Total U.S. coal consumption was 1,128.0 milli on short tons, an increase of 15.7 million short tons. Almost 93 percent of all coal consumed in the United States is in the electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers), making it the powerhouse for total coal consumption. Two of the three other coal-consuming sectors, other industrial and coking coal, had declines in their consumption totals, while the residential and commercial sector, which is the smallest of all coal consuming sectors, accounting for less than one third of one percent of total consumption, was slightly higher. The other industrial sector had a decrease in coal consumption in 2007 of 4.8 percent, while the coking coal sector had a decline of 1.1 percent. Coal consumption in the electric power sector increased by 1.8 percent or 18.5 million short tons to end 2007 at1,045.1 million short tons (Figure ES2). However, coalbased electricity generation in creased at a slightly lower rate of 1.5 percent, reflecting increasing volumes of lower-Btu western coals (su bbituminous and lignite) to generate electricity. Coal consumption in the non-electric power sector (comprised of the other industrial, coking coal, and residential and commercial s ectors) declined in 2007. Coal consumption at coke plants decreased by 0.2 million short tons to end the year at 22.7 million short tons, a decline of 1.1 percent. The decline in U.S. coke production in 2007 was a result of the decrease in pig iron production that occurred for the year combined with the slight drop in U.S. coke exports. Although the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 2.7 percent, the economic growth did not extend into the entire manufacturing sector in 2007, and as a result, coal consumption in the other industrial sector declined by 2.9 million short tons to end the year at 56.6 million short tons. The broad range of products in the numerous North American Industry Classi fication System (NAICS) manufacturing plants showed varied changes in coal consumption for 2007. The nonmetallic minerals products and chemical manufacturing segments had no change in coal consumption for the year, while the food manufacturing segment had a slight increase in coal consumption. The decrease in coal consumption in 2007 in the other industrial sector was primarily a result of the large decrease in the primary metal manufacturing segment, a decline of 2.1 million short tons. The majority

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 6 

## of the decrease in coal cons umption in this segment was the result of the closing of a dedicated plant at a primary metals facility at the end of 2006. The plant closed the old facility after securing th e necessary power to run a smelter from an independent power source that burns coal to generate electricity. In essence, this is a shift of coal consumption from the othe r industrial sector to the independent power producers’ portion of the electric power sector. Coal consumption in the residential and commercial sector increased slightly in 2007.



# Generation
Nationally, total generation in the electric power sector from all fuels increased in 2007 by 2.5 percent with gains in electricity generation by all sources except the hydroelectric sector in the United States. The decline of 14.6 percent in electricity generation by hydroelectric facilities in the United States was a direct result of the drought conditions experien ced across most the country during the year and resulted in a decrease of its share of total generation to 6.0 percent (Figure ES3). The increase in electric generation in 2007 by other fuel sources ranged from the aforementioned 1.5 percent for coal to 10.9 percen t for natural gas. The large increase in electricity generation by natural gas for 2007 was due in part to the numerous new generating facilities that came on-line during the year that were natural gas-fired. In 2007, 48 percent of the new capacity to come on-lineduring the year was natural-gas-fired, while new coalfired capacity was 10 percent. However, the average cost (in dollars per million Btu) of natural gas delivered to the electric utility portion of the electric power sector in 2007 compared to 2006 had increased by only 1.5 percent, while the cost of coal had increased by 5.3 percent in the same time period. Total electricity generation in the United States is primarily driven by two factors: economic growth and weather (measured by heating and cooling degree-days), with both factors having a positive effect on total generation. Economic growth continued throughout 2007, with the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States increasing by 2. 7 percent for the year. Also in 2007, warmer-than- normal summer weather occurred across most of the country. According to data from the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooling degree-days in 2007 were higher for the country as a whole than th e 30-year average, by 17.9 percent. The warmer summer weather resulted in more electricity generation to power air conditioners across the country. In contrast, the wi nter weather was somewhat warmer than normal, with the heating degree-days 5.3 percent below normal, lowering the need for electricity for heating, but not enough to offset the generation needed for summer for cooling. Figure ES2. Electric Power S ector Consumption of Coal by Census Division, 2007 (Million Short Tons and Percent Change from 2006) U.S. Total = 1,045.1 (1.8%) New England 8.8 (0.5%)

Middle Atlantic

70.0 (0.0%)

South Atlantic 185.9 (4.0%)

East South Central

115.5 (-1.0%) West South Central 154.5 (1.8%) East North Central 237.0 (2.3%) West North Central 147.7 (0.8%) Mountain 115.2 (0.4%) Pacific Contiguous 9.2 (42.4%)

Pacific Noncontiguous

1.2 (5.7%)



## Source: Energy Information Administration, Fo rm EIA-906, “Power Plant Report.”

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 7

## Table ES2. U.S. Coal Production by CoalProducing Region and State, 2006-2007 (Million Short Tons) Coal-Producing Region and State 2006 2007
Appalachian Total 391.2 377.8 Alabama 18.8 19.3 Kentucky, Eastern 93.6 87.1 Maryland 5.1 2.3 Ohio 22.7 22.6 Pennsylvania Total 66.0 65.0 Anthracite 1.5 1.6 Bituminous 64.5 63.5 Tennessee 2.8 2.7 Virginia 29.7 25.3 West Virginia 152.4 153.5 Northern 42.4 42.2 Southern 110.0 111.3
Interior Total 151.4 146.7 Arkansas s s Illinois 32.7 32.4 Indiana 35.1 35.0 Kansas 0.4 0.4 Kentucky, Western 27.2 28.2 Louisiana 4.1 3.1 Mississippi 3.8 3.5 Missouri 0.4 0.2 Oklahoma 2.0 1.6 Texas 45.5 41.9

Western Total 619.4 621.0 Alaska 1.4 1.3 Arizona 8.2 8.0 Colorado 36.3 36.4 Montana 41.8 43.4 New Mexico 25.9 24.5 North Dakota 30.4 29.6 Utah 26.0 24.3 Washington 2.6 - Wyoming 446.7 453.6 Refuse Recovery 0.8 1.2 U.S. Total 1,162.8 1,146.6 s Value is less than 0.5 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated totals. Note: Totals may not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding. Sources: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, “Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." Of the nine Census Divisions, coal is a minor component (less than 20 percent) in th e fuel mix for electricity generation in two divisions, New England and Pacific, and a major component (more than 50 percent) in five divisions, East North Central, West North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, and Mountain. In the other two divisions, coal is one of two main fuel sources for the electric power sector. Inthe Middle Atlantic, coal competes with nuclear power for dominance, while in the West South Central coal competes with natural gas.
Seven of the nine Census Divisions had increases in coal consumption in the electric po wer sector in 2007, with five of those seven having an increase of at least a million short tons. For 2007, two of the Census Divisions accounted for the majo rity of the increas e in total coal consumption in the electri c power sector. The South Atlantic Census Division accounted for 39 percent of the increase, while the East No rth Central accounted for another 29 percent. Total generation in the South Atlantic Census Division increased in 2007 by 3.4 percent (Table ES3), while total generation in the East North Central Division increased by 2.6 percent. Coal is the primary fuel for electricity generation in both Census Divisions. Coal generated 53.8 percent of the electricity in the South Atlantic Division and 69.6 percent in the East North Central Division during 2007. The growth in generation from coal in the South Atlantic Division resulted in an increase in coal consumption of 7.1 million short tons, up 4.0 percent to end the year at 185.9 million short tons. Coal consumption in the electric power sector in the East North Central Division increased by 2.3 percent to 237.0 million short tons, an increase of 5.3 million short tons in 2007.
In the West South Central Census Division coal competes with natural gas as the primary source for electric power generation, both accounting for about 40 percent of the Division’s generation. Total generation in 2007 in the electric power sector in the West SouthCentral Census Division grew by 2.6 percent, while coalbased generation grew by 1.3 percent. Total coal consumption in 2007 for the electric power sector in the West South Central Census Division increased by 2.7 million short tons, or 1.8 percent, ending the year at a total of 154.5 million short tons. Although the Pacific Census Division was the only division to have a decrease (1.4 percent) in total generation in the electric power sector in 2007, it had the four th largest increase in coal consumption for the year. Eventhough coal is such a small part of the total generation for the division (usually less than 5 percent), the increase in coal consumption for electric power sector was 2.8 million short tons to a level of 10.4 million short tons. The substantial decrease in the generation by hydroelectric facilities, which generally account for about 40 percent of total generation, in the Pacific Census Division of 16.5 percent in 2007 helped to increase the need for coal to generate electricity.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 8 

## Coal accounts for about three-fourths of generation in the West North Central Census Division. In 2007 total generation increased by 3.2 percent, while generation from coal grew by 0.8 percent. Total coal consumption for the electric power sector in the West North Central Division rose to 147.7 million short tons, an increase of 1.1 million short tons. Over half of the electricity generated in the Mountain Census Division is derived from coal. In 2007 total generation in the MountainCensus Division increased by 4.2 percent, while coalbased generation decreased by 0.1 percent for the year. Even though coal-based generation was about level, coal consumption in the electric po wer sector in the Mountain Division increased slightly by 0.5 million short tons to end the year at 115.2 million short tons. In the Middle Atlantic Census Division coal competes with nuclear power for the largest share of total generation. In 2007 total generation in the Middle Atlantic Division increased by 3.2 percent, while nuclear power generation increased by 1.2 percent and coal-based generation increased by only 0.1 percent. Total coal consumption for the Middle Atlantic Census Division remained essentially unchanged at a level of 70.0 million short tons. Coal accounts for less than one-sixth of total generation in the New England Census Division, and in 2007 total coal consumption for electricity generation grew by 43 thousand short tons. The East South Central Census Division was the only division to have lower coal consumption in the electric power sector in 2007. Coal is the dominant fuel for generation in the East South Central Division, typically accounting for about two-thirds of total generation in a year. Total electricity generation in the East South Central Division increased by 1.8 percent in 2007. Natural gas generation grew significantly in the Division, increasing by 28.0 percent while coal-based generationdecreased by 0.7 percent. The slight decline in coalbased generation resulted in a decrease in coal consumption in the East South Central Census Division of 1.0 percent to end the year at a total of 115.5 million short tons.



# Coal Prices
Domestic coal prices continued their increasing trend in 2007 rising for the fourth consecutive year. Although the average delivered prices in the consuming sectors increased for the year, it was at a slower rate than was experienced in 2006. The majo rity of coal sold in the electric power sector is thro ugh long-term contracts, in conjunction with spot purchases to supplement the demand. Coal prices in 2007 at electric utilities (a subset of the electric power sector ) increased for a seventh consecutive year, to $36.06 per short ton ($1.78 per million Btu), an increase of 5.3 percent over the 2006 price. Coal prices at independent power producers in 2007 increased to $33.11 per short ton ($1.66 per million Btu), an increase of 0.2 pe rcent. The average delivered price of coal to the other industrial sector increased by 5.3 percent to an average price of $54.42 per short ton in 2007. In 2007 the delivered price of coal to U.S. coke plants increased by 2.3 percen t to reach an average price of $94.97 per short ton. The average open market mi ne price of coal in 2007 increased 4.1 percent to a leve l of $26.20 per short ton. The average open market pri ce of coal from underground mines rose by 5.3 percent to $40.29 per short ton while Table ES3. Electric Power Sector Net Generation, 2006-2007 (Million Kilowatthours)


# Census Division 2006 2007 Percent Change New England Coal 19,411 19,791 2.0 Total 125,708 126,059 0.3
Middle Atlantic Coal 152,445 152,607 0.1 Total 415,192 428,648 3.2
East North Central Coal 451,510 456,905 1.2 Total 639,456 656,142 2.6
West North Central Coal 228,066 230,004 0.8 Total 301,627 311,406 3.2
South Atlantic Coal 423,393 438,823 3.6 Total 788,587 815,153 3.4
East South Central Coal 246,311 244,504 -0.7 Total 369,837 376,578 1.8
West South Central Coal 226,940 229,930 1.3 Total 544,000 558,246 2.6
Mountain Coal 209,239 209,121 -0.1 Total 348,918 363,605 4.2
Pacific Coal 12,420 16,706 34.5 Total 374,753 369,508 -1.4
U.S. Total Coal 1,969,737 1,998,390 1.5 Total 3,908,077 4,005,343 2.5 Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 9 

## the average open market pric e of coal from surface mines increased by 2.8 percent to $19.41 per ton in 2007.



# Coal Stocks

Total coal stocks at the end of 2007 were 192.8 million short tons, an increase of 3.8 million short tons from the prior year. Coal stocks held by producers and distributors were lower by 7.0 percent, as coal producers used stocks to supplement the increasing demand. Industrial users, including coke plants, held a total of 7.6 million short tons at the end of 2007, 1.9 million short tons less than the level at the start of th e year. Coal stocks in the electric power sector continued to increase in 2007 as plants continued to rebuild stocks that had dropped substantially by the end of 2005 due to transportation problems. The electric power s ector ended the year with a total of 151.2 million short tons, an increase of 10.3 million short tons, or 7.3 percent over the 2006 level. Figure ES3. Share of Electric Power Sector Net Generation by Energy Source, 2006 vs. 2007

50.4

3.5 18.8

7.2 20.1

3.7 20.3

6.0 49.9

20.1

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

Nuclear Hydro Natural Gas Petroleum and Other CoalPercent 2006 2007



### Source: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 10 

# Coal Production

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 11 

## Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, 2007-2006 (Thousand Short Tons) 2007 2006 Percent Change Coal-Producing State and Region 1 Number of Mines Production Number of Mine s Production Number of Mines Production
Alabama..................................................... 49 19 , 327 57 18 , 830 -14.0 2.6 Under g roun d ............................................ 8 11 , 462 9 10 , 737 -11.1 6.7 Surface..................................................... 41 7 , 865 48 8 , 092 -14.6 -2.8 Alaska ........................................................ 1 1 , 324 1 1 , 425 - -7.1 Surface..................................................... 1 1 , 324 1 1 , 425 - -7.1 Arizona ...................................................... 1 7 , 983 1 8 , 216 - -2.8 Surface..................................................... 1 7 , 983 1 8 , 216 - -2.8 Arkansas.................................................... 2 83 2 23 - 263.4 Under g roun d ............................................ 1 80 1 18 - 357.0 Surface..................................................... 1 2 1 5 - -53.8 Colorado .................................................... 12 36 , 384 12 36 , 322 - 0.2 Under g roun d ............................................ 8 27 , 610 7 26 , 659 14.3 3.6 Surface..................................................... 4 8 , 774 5 9 , 663 -20.0 -9.2 Illinois ........................................................ 21 32 , 445 22 32 , 729 -4.5 -0.9 Under g roun d ............................................ 14 26 , 807 15 27 , 120 -6.7 -1.2 Surface..................................................... 7 5 , 638 7 5 , 609 - 0.5 Indiana....................................................... 27 35 , 003 28 35 , 119 -3.6 -0.3 Under g roun d ............................................ 7 10 , 604 7 10 , 736 - -1.2 Surface..................................................... 20 24 , 399 21 24 , 383 -4.8 0.1 Kansas........................................................ 2 420 2 426 - -1.3 Surface..................................................... 2 420 2 426 - -1.3 Kentucky Total ......................................... 417 115 , 280 442 120 , 848 -5.7 -4.6 Under g roun d ............................................ 201 69 , 217 227 73 , 182 -11.5 -5.4 Surface..................................................... 216 46 , 064 215 47 , 666 0.5 -3.4 Eastern...................................................... 394 87 , 068 416 93 , 607 -5.3 -7.0 Under g roun d ............................................ 191 44 , 703 214 49 , 312 -10.7 -9.3 Surface..................................................... 203 42 , 365 202 44 , 295 0.5 -4.4 Western..................................................... 23 28 , 212 26 27 , 241 -11.5 3.6 Under g roun d ............................................ 10 24 , 513 13 23 , 870 -23.1 2.7 Surface..................................................... 13 3 , 699 13 3 , 370 - 9.7 Louisiana ................................................... 2 3 , 127 2 4 , 114 - -24.0 Surface..................................................... 2 3 , 127 2 4 , 114 - -24.0 Mar y land ................................................... 19 2 , 301 19 5 , 054 - -54.5 Under g roun d ............................................ 2 611 3 2 , 826 -33.3 -78.4 Surface..................................................... 17 1 , 690 16 2 , 228 6.3 -24.1 Mississi pp i ................................................. 1 3 , 545 1 3 , 797 - -6.6 Surface..................................................... 1 3 , 545 1 3 , 797 - -6.6 Missouri ..................................................... 2 236 2 394 - -40.1 Surface..................................................... 2 236 2 394 - -40.1 Montana..................................................... 6 43 , 390 6 41 , 823 - 3.7 Under g roun d ............................................ 1 47 1 321 - -85.3 Surface..................................................... 5 43 , 343 5 41 , 502 - 4.4 New Mexico ............................................... 4 24 , 451 4 25 , 913 - -5.6 Under g roun d ............................................ 1 6 , 898 1 6 , 993 - -1.4 Surface..................................................... 3 17 , 553 3 18 , 919 - -7.2 North Dakota ............................................ 4 29 , 606 4 30 , 411 - -2.6 Surface..................................................... 4 29 , 606 4 30 , 411 - -2.6 Ohio............................................................ 57 22 , 575 52 22 , 722 9.6 -0.6 Under g roun d ............................................ 13 15 , 793 11 15 , 126 18.2 4.4 Surface..................................................... 44 6 , 783 41 7 , 596 7.3 -10.7 Oklahoma .................................................. 9 1 , 648 10 1 , 998 -10.0 -17.5 Under g roun d ............................................ 2 514 2 464 - 10.8 Surface..................................................... 7 1 , 134 8 1 , 534 -12.5 -26.1 Penns y lvania Total ................................... 264 65 , 048 270 66 , 029 -2.2 -1.5 Under g roun d ............................................ 50 53 , 544 54 53 , 801 -7.4 -0.5 Surface..................................................... 214 11 , 504 216 12 , 228 -0.9 -5.9 Anthracite................................................. 72 1 , 564 74 1 , 529 -2.7 2.3 Under g roun d ............................................ 15 224 17 272 -11.8 -17.8 Surface..................................................... 57 1 , 340 57 1 , 256 - 6.7 Bituminous ............................................... 192 63 , 484 196 64 , 500 -2.0 -1.6 Under g roun d ............................................ 35 53 , 320 37 53 , 529 -5.4 -0.4 Surface..................................................... 157 10 , 164 159 10 , 972 -1.3 -7.4 Tennessee................................................... 17 2 , 654 23 2 , 804 -26.1 -5.3 Under g roun d ............................................ 5 892 10 1 , 191 -50.0 -25.1 Surface..................................................... 12 1 , 763 13 1 , 613 -7.7 9.3 Texas .......................................................... 11 41 , 948 12 45 , 548 -8.3 -7.9 Surface..................................................... 11 41 , 948 12 45 , 548 -8.3 -7.9 Utah............................................................ 10 24 , 307 13 26 , 018 -23.1 -6.6 Under g roun d ............................................ 10 24 , 307 13 26 , 018 -23.1 -6.6
See footnotes at end of table.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 12 

## Table 1. Coal Production and Number of Mine s by State and Mine Type, 2007-2006 (Continued) (Thousand Short Tons) 2007 2006 Percent Change Coal-Producing State and Region 1 Number of Mines Production Number of Mine s Production Number of Mines Production

Vir g inia...................................................... 118 25 , 346 127 29 , 740 -7.1 -14.8 Under g roun d ............................................ 71 15 , 731 76 18 , 681 -6.6 -15.8 Surface..................................................... 47 9 , 615 51 11 , 059 -7.8 -13.0 Washin g ton ............................................... - - 1 2 , 580 -100.0 -100.0 Surface..................................................... - - 1 2 , 580 -100.0 -100.0 West Vir g inia Total .................................. 282 153 , 480 290 152 , 374 -2.8 0.7 Under g roun d ............................................ 168 84 , 853 174 84 , 628 -3.4 0.3 Surface..................................................... 114 68 , 627 116 67 , 746 -1.7 1.3 Northern ................................................... 43 42 , 219 49 42 , 398 -12.2 -0.4 Under g roun d ............................................ 23 36 , 076 29 36 , 074 -20.7 * Surface..................................................... 20 6 , 144 20 6 , 324 - -2.9 Southern ................................................... 239 111 , 260 241 109 , 976 -0.8 1.2 Under g roun d ............................................ 145 48 , 777 145 48 , 554 - 0.5 Surface..................................................... 94 62 , 483 96 61 , 421 -2.1 1.7 W y omin g .................................................... 20 453 , 568 21 446 , 742 -4.8 1.5 Under g roun d ............................................ 1 2 , 822 1 519 - 443.5 Surface..................................................... 19 450 , 746 20 446 , 223 -5.0 1.0 A pp alachian Total .................................... 1 , 200 377 , 800 1 , 254 391 , 159 -4.3 -3.4 Under g roun d ............................................ 508 227 , 588 551 236 , 303 -7.8 -3.7 Surface..................................................... 692 150 , 213 703 154 , 856 -1.6 -3.0 Northern ................................................... 383 132 , 144 390 136 , 203 -1.8 -3.0 Under g roun d ............................................ 88 106 , 023 97 107 , 827 -9.3 -1.7 Surface..................................................... 295 26 , 121 293 28 , 376 0.7 -7.9 Central ...................................................... 768 226 , 329 807 236 , 127 -4.8 -4.1 Under g roun d ............................................ 412 110 , 103 445 117 , 739 -7.4 -6.5 Surface..................................................... 356 116 , 227 362 118 , 388 -1.7 -1.8 Southern ................................................... 49 19 , 327 57 18 , 830 -14.0 2.6 Under gr oun d ............................................ 8 11 , 462 9 10 , 737 -11.1 6.7 Surface..................................................... 41 7 , 865 48 8 , 092 -14.6 -2.8 Interior Total ............................................ 100 146 , 668 107 151 , 389 -6.5 -3.1 Under g roun d ............................................ 34 62 , 519 38 62 , 209 -10.5 0.5 Surface..................................................... 66 84 , 149 69 89 , 180 -4.3 -5.6 Illinois Basin Total.................................... 71 95 , 660 76 95 , 089 -6.6 0.6 Under g roun d ............................................ 31 61 , 924 35 61 , 727 -11.4 0.3 Surface..................................................... 40 33 , 736 41 33 , 362 -2.4 1.1 Western Total............................................ 58 621 , 012 63 619 , 449 -7.9 0.3 Under g roun d ............................................ 21 61 , 683 23 60 , 510 -8.7 1.9 Surface..................................................... 37 559 , 329 40 558 , 939 -7.5 0.1 Powder River Basin................................. 17 479 , 496 18 472 , 202 -5.6 1.5 Under g roun d ............................................ - - - - - - Surface..................................................... 17 479 , 496 18 472 , 202 -5.6 1.5 Uinta Re g ion............................................. 19 59 , 815 23 61 , 446 -17.4 -2.7 Under g roun d ............................................ 16 51 , 446 19 52 , 189 -15.8 -1.4 Surface..................................................... 3 8 , 368 4 9 , 257 -25.0 -9.6 East of Miss. River.................................... 1 , 272 477 , 006 1 , 331 490 , 046 -4.4 -2.7 West of Miss. River................................... 86 668 , 474 93 671 , 952 -7.5 -0.5

U.S. Subtotal.............................................. 1 , 358 1 , 145 , 480 1 , 424 1 , 161 , 997 -4.6 -1.4 Refuse Recover y ........................................ 16 1 , 156 14 752 14.3 53.6 U.S. Total................................................... 1 , 374 1 , 146 , 635 1 , 438 1 , 162 , 750 -4.5 -1.4

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. - = No data are reported. Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety a nd Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production R eport."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 13 

## Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mi nes by State, County, and Mine Type, 2007 (Thousand Short Tons) Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mine s Production Number of Mines Production
Alabama .................................................... 8 11 , 462 41 7 , 865 49 19 , 327 Bibb ......................................................... - - 1 33 1 33 Cullman ................................................... - - 1 503 1 503 Franklin.................................................... - - 1 153 1 153 Jackson..................................................... - - 3 247 3 247 Jefferson................................................... 2 2 , 362 8 1 , 232 10 3 , 594 Marion ..................................................... - - 2 60 2 60 Shelb y ...................................................... 1 95 3 317 4 413 Tuscaloosa ............................................... 4 8 , 903 6 1 , 778 10 10 , 681 Walke r ..................................................... 1 102 13 2 , 804 14 2 , 906 Winston.................................................... - - 3 738 3 738 Alas k a ....................................................... - - 1 1 , 324 1 1 , 324 Yukon-Ko y ukuk Division ....................... - - 1 1 , 324 1 1 , 324 Arizona ..................................................... - - 1 7 , 983 1 7 , 983 Nava j o...................................................... - - 1 7 , 983 1 7 , 983 Arkansas ................................................... 1 80 1 2 2 83 Sebastian.................................................. 1 80 1 2 2 83 Colorado ................................................... 8 27 , 610 4 8 , 774 12 36 , 384 Delta......................................................... 1 5 , 481 - - 1 5 , 481 Garfiel d .................................................... 1 247 - - 1 247 Gunnison.................................................. 2 11 , 698 - - 2 11 , 698 La Plata.................................................... 2 470 - - 2 470 Moffat ...................................................... - - 3 8 , 368 3 8 , 368 Montrose.................................................. - - 1 406 1 406 Rio Blanco............................................... 1 1 , 424 - - 1 1 , 424 Routt ........................................................ 1 8 , 290 - - 1 8 , 290 Illinois ....................................................... 14 26 , 807 7 5 , 638 21 32 , 445 Gallatin .................................................... - - 1 2 , 070 1 2 , 070 Jackson..................................................... 1 19 2 1 , 579 3 1 , 598 Macou p in................................................. 3 4 , 488 - - 3 4 , 488 Perr y ......................................................... 1 447 3 1 , 051 4 1 , 498 Randol p h.................................................. 1 2 , 695 - - 1 2 , 695 Saline ....................................................... 3 11 , 334 - - 3 11 , 334 San g amon ................................................ 1 2 , 090 - - 1 2 , 090 Vermilion ................................................. 1 1 , 375 - - 1 1 , 375 Wabash .................................................... 1 386 1 938 2 1 , 324 White ....................................................... 1 2 , 897 - - 1 2 , 897 Williamson .............................................. 1 1 , 076 - - 1 1 , 076 Indiana ...................................................... 7 10 , 604 20 24 , 399 27 35 , 003 Daviess..................................................... - - 2 3 , 556 2 3 , 556 Dubois...................................................... - - 1 674 1 674 Gibson...................................................... 3 4 , 313 4 9 , 722 7 14 , 034 Knox ........................................................ 2 2 , 628 4 3 , 346 6 5 , 974 Pike .......................................................... 1 2 , 624 6 2 , 312 7 4 , 936 Sullivan.................................................... 1 1 , 039 - - 1 1 , 039 Vi g o ......................................................... - - 2 4 , 063 2 4 , 063 Warric k .................................................... - - 1 727 1 727 Kansas ....................................................... - - 2 420 2 420 Bourbon ................................................... - - 1 211 1 211 Linn.......................................................... - - 1 209 1 209 Kentucky ................................................... 201 69 , 217 216 46 , 064 417 115 , 280 Bell........................................................... 5 1 , 179 14 2 , 362 19 3 , 541 Breathitt ................................................... 2 1 , 029 7 1 , 141 9 2 , 170 Cla y .......................................................... - - 2 24 2 24 Daviess..................................................... - - 1 232 1 232 Flo y d........................................................ 28 1 , 613 13 2 , 880 41 4 , 493 Harlan ...................................................... 35 7 , 999 17 2 , 391 52 10 , 390 Henderson................................................ 1 1 , 357 2 1 , 217 3 2 , 574 Ho p kins.................................................... 3 7 , 702 2 306 5 8 , 007 Jackson..................................................... - - 3 71 3 71 Johnson .................................................... 2 210 4 332 6 542 Knott ........................................................ 25 5 , 329 13 2 , 699 38 8 , 028 Knox ........................................................ 7 65 7 167 14 232 Laurel....................................................... - - 1 84 1 84 Lawrence ................................................. - - 9 1 , 165 9 1 , 165 Leslie ....................................................... 6 2 , 522 9 2 , 028 15 4 , 550 Letche r ..................................................... 17 4 , 745 18 1 , 396 35 6 , 141 Ma g offin .................................................. - - 7 2 , 354 7 2 , 354 Martin ...................................................... 8 3 , 511 5 1 , 769 13 5 , 280
See footnotes at end of table.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 14 

## Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2007 (Continued) (Thousand Short Tons) Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mine s Production Number of Mines Production Kentucky (continued) Mor g an..................................................... - - 3 21 3 21 Muhlenber g .............................................. 1 2 , 974 7 1 , 941 8 4 , 915 Owsle y ..................................................... - - 3 25 3 25 Perr y ......................................................... 8 3 , 551 26 12 , 750 34 16 , 301 Pike .......................................................... 45 12 , 811 41 8 , 614 86 21 , 426 Union ....................................................... 2 5 , 065 1 3 3 5 , 067 Webste r .................................................... 3 7 , 416 - - 3 7 , 416 Whitle y .................................................... 3 138 1 92 4 230 Louisiana .................................................. - - 2 3 , 127 2 3 , 127 De Soto .................................................... - - 1 2 , 623 1 2 , 623 Red Rive r ................................................. - - 1 504 1 504 Mar y land .................................................. 2 611 17 1 , 690 19 2 , 301 Alle g an y ................................................... 1 246 11 1 , 163 12 1 , 409 Garrett...................................................... 1 365 6 527 7 892 Mississi pp i ................................................ - - 1 3 , 545 1 3 , 545 Choctaw................................................... - - 1 3 , 545 1 3 , 545 Missouri .................................................... - - 2 236 2 236 Bates ........................................................ - - 2 236 2 236 Montana .................................................... 1 47 5 43 , 343 6 43 , 390 Bi g Horn .................................................. - - 3 30 , 401 3 30 , 401 Musselshell.............................................. 1 47 - - 1 47 Richlan d ................................................... - - 1 358 1 358 Rosebu d ................................................... - - 1 12 , 583 1 12 , 583 New Mexico .............................................. 1 6 , 898 3 17 , 553 4 24 , 451 Mc Kinle y ................................................. - - 2 9 , 023 2 9 , 023 San Juan................................................... 1 6 , 898 1 8 , 530 2 15 , 428 North Dakota ........................................... - - 4 29 , 606 4 29 , 606 McLean.................................................... - - 1 7 , 789 1 7 , 789 Merce r ...................................................... - - 2 17 , 923 2 17 , 923 Olive r ....................................................... - - 1 3 , 894 1 3 , 894 Ohio ........................................................... 13 15 , 793 44 6 , 783 57 22 , 575 Athens...................................................... 1 288 - - 1 288 Belmont ................................................... 1 4 , 595 5 1 , 023 6 5 , 618 Carroll...................................................... 1 246 1 141 2 387 Columbiana.............................................. - - 4 294 4 294 Coshocton................................................ - - 2 172 2 172 Guernse y .................................................. - - 1 4 1 4 Harrison ................................................... 2 1 , 265 10 1 , 240 12 2 , 506 Jackson..................................................... - - 1 349 1 349 Jefferson................................................... 4 826 4 165 8 991 Mahonin g ................................................. - - 2 11 2 11 Monroe..................................................... 1 7 , 142 - - 1 7 , 142 Muskin g u m .............................................. - - 1 169 1 169 Noble ....................................................... - - 2 617 2 617 Perr y ......................................................... 2 946 2 630 4 1 , 576 Stark ......................................................... - - 4 293 4 293 Tuscarawas .............................................. 1 485 4 1 , 159 5 1 , 644 Vinton ...................................................... - - 1 516 1 516 Oklahoma ................................................. 2 514 7 1 , 134 9 1 , 648 Crai g ........................................................ - - 1 298 1 298 Haskell..................................................... - - 1 139 1 139 Le Flore.................................................... 2 514 3 469 5 983 Nowata..................................................... - - 1 227 1 227 Okmul g ee................................................. - - 1 1 1 1 Penns y lvania ............................................ 50 53 , 544 214 11 , 504 264 65 , 048 Alle g hen y ................................................. - - 3 98 3 98 Armstron g ................................................ 8 3 , 532 13 889 21 4 , 422 Beave r ...................................................... 1 322 - - 1 322 Bedfor d .................................................... - - 1 8 1 8 Butle r ....................................................... - - 4 499 4 499 Cambria ................................................... 2 812 11 411 13 1 , 224 Cameron................................................... - - 1 28 1 28 Centre....................................................... - - 1 18 1 18 Clarion ..................................................... - - 4 331 4 331 Clearfiel d ................................................. 2 1 , 301 39 2 , 622 41 3 , 923 Columbia ................................................. - - 3 136 3 136 Dau p hin ................................................... 1 3 - - 1 3 El k ............................................................ 1 283 6 289 7 572 Fa y ette ..................................................... - - 12 651 12 651 Greene...................................................... 8 39 , 933 1 13 9 39 , 945
See footnotes at end of table.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 15 

## Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2007 (Continued) (Thousand Short Tons) Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mine s Production Number of Mines Production Pennsylvania (continued) Indiana ..................................................... 5 1 , 867 19 690 24 2 , 557 Jefferson................................................... 1 162 12 344 13 506 Lackawanna............................................. - - 2 23 2 23 Lawrence ................................................. - - 2 20 2 20 Luzerne .................................................... - - 8 235 8 235 L y comin g ................................................. - - 1 248 1 248 Merce r ...................................................... - - 1 79 1 79 Northumberlan d ....................................... 3 160 5 46 8 206 Schu y lkill................................................. 11 60 39 901 50 961 Somerset .................................................. 6 1 , 503 16 2 , 439 22 3 , 942 Tio g a........................................................ - - 1 8 1 8 Venan g o................................................... - - 2 38 2 38 Washin g ton.............................................. 1 3 , 606 2 286 3 3 , 892 Westmorelan d .......................................... - - 5 153 5 153 Tennessee .................................................. 5 892 12 1 , 763 17 2 , 654 Anderson.................................................. - - 2 121 2 121 Cam p bell.................................................. 3 432 2 296 5 728 Claiborne ................................................. 2 460 7 1 , 343 9 1 , 802 Fentress.................................................... - - 1 3 1 3 Texas ......................................................... - - 11 41 , 948 11 41 , 948 Atascosa................................................... - - 1 3 , 121 1 3 , 121 Bastro p ..................................................... - - 1 4 , 121 1 4 , 121 Freestone.................................................. - - 1 3 , 873 1 3 , 873 Harrison ................................................... - - 1 4 , 153 1 4 , 153 Ho p kins.................................................... - - 1 2 , 134 1 2 , 134 Leon......................................................... - - 1 6 , 779 1 6 , 779 Panola ...................................................... - - 2 8 , 330 2 8 , 330 Robertson................................................. - - 1 1 , 903 1 1 , 903 Rus k ......................................................... - - 1 4 , 109 1 4 , 109 Titus......................................................... - - 1 3 , 425 1 3 , 425 Utah ........................................................... 10 24 , 307 - - 10 24 , 307 Carbon ..................................................... 5 11 , 893 - - 5 11 , 893 Emer y ....................................................... 4 5 , 702 - - 4 5 , 702 Sevie r ....................................................... 1 6 , 712 - - 1 6 , 712 Vir g inia ..................................................... 71 15 , 731 47 9 , 615 118 25 , 346 Buchanan ................................................. 22 4 , 786 17 2 , 991 39 7 , 777 Dickenson ................................................ 11 1 , 910 4 230 15 2 , 140 Lee ........................................................... 2 313 2 494 4 807 Russell ..................................................... 7 934 2 138 9 1 , 073 Tazewell................................................... 4 1 , 112 2 53 6 1 , 165 Wise......................................................... 25 6 , 676 20 5 , 709 45 12 , 385 West Vir g inia ........................................... 168 84 , 853 114 68 , 627 282 153 , 480 Barbou r .................................................... 4 1 , 522 2 152 6 1 , 674 Boone....................................................... 25 12 , 732 17 20 , 348 42 33 , 080 Brooke ..................................................... - - 2 406 2 406 Cla y .......................................................... 2 189 1 3 , 564 3 3 , 754 Fa y ette ..................................................... 8 2 , 210 13 3 , 634 21 5 , 844 Grant ........................................................ 1 125 - - 1 125 Greenbrie r ................................................ 5 659 1 145 6 805 Harrison ................................................... 3 6 , 584 5 375 8 6 , 959 Kanawha .................................................. 11 6 , 253 9 4 , 879 20 11 , 133 Lincoln..................................................... 3 1 , 084 - - 3 1 , 084 Lo g an....................................................... 11 4 , 219 11 9 , 938 22 14 , 157 Marion ..................................................... 1 6 , 642 2 52 3 6 , 694 Marshall................................................... 2 9 , 746 - - 2 9 , 746 Mason ...................................................... 1 601 - - 1 601 McDowell ................................................ 30 2 , 990 17 2 , 693 47 5 , 683 Mineral..................................................... - - 2 55 2 55 Min g o....................................................... 16 5 , 491 12 7 , 918 28 13 , 409 Monon g alia.............................................. 3 5 , 188 3 655 6 5 , 843 Nicholas................................................... 3 1 , 104 5 3 , 389 8 4 , 493 Preston ..................................................... 1 1 , 470 1 1 2 1 , 471 Ralei g h..................................................... 16 4 , 817 3 2 , 741 19 7 , 557 Randol p h.................................................. 2 445 1 2 3 448 Tucke r ...................................................... 1 2 , 786 - - 1 2 , 786 U p shu r ..................................................... 2 639 - - 2 639 Wa y ne...................................................... 3 3 , 643 2 1 , 120 5 4 , 763 Webste r .................................................... 3 928 2 4 , 446 5 5 , 374 W y omin g ................................................. 11 2 , 784 3 2 , 114 14 4 , 899 W y omin g ................................................... 1 2 , 822 19 450 , 746 20 453 , 568
See footnotes at end of table.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 16 

## Table 2. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State, County, and Mine Type, 2007 (Continued) (Thousand Short Tons) Underground Surface Total Coal-Producing State and County Number of Mines Production Number of Mine s Production Number of Mines Production Wyoming (continued) Cam p bell.................................................. - - 12 402 , 037 12 402 , 037 Carbon ..................................................... - - 1 120 1 120 Converse .................................................. - - 1 34 , 475 1 34 , 475 Hot S p rin g s.............................................. - - 1 s 1 s Lincoln..................................................... - - 1 5 , 190 1 5 , 190 Sweetwate r .............................................. 1 2 , 822 3 8 , 924 4 11 , 746

U.S. Subtotal.............................................. 563 351 , 790 795 793 , 690 1 , 358 1 , 145 , 480 Refuse Recover y ........................................ - - - - 16 1 , 156 U.S. Total................................................... 563 351 , 790 795 793 , 690 1 , 374 1 , 146 , 635 s Value is less than 0.05 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated total. - = No data are reported. Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety a nd Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production R eport."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 17 

## Table 3. Underground Coal Producti on by State and Mining Method, 2007 (Thousand Short Tons) Coal-Producing State and Region 1 Continuous 2 Conventional and Other 3 Longwall 4 Total
Alabama...................................................

. 197 s 11 , 264 11 , 462 Arkansas ..................................................

. 80 - - 80 Colorado ..................................................

. 710 7 26 , 892 27 , 610 Illinois......................................................

. 17 , 664 - 9 , 143 26 , 807 Indiana .....................................................

. 10 , 604 - - 10 , 604 KentuckyTotal ........................................

. 67 , 691 810 716 69 , 217 Eastern ...................................................

. 43 , 177 810 716 44 , 703 Western..................................................

. 24 , 513 - - 24 , 513 Mary lan d

.................................................. . 611 - - 611 Montana...................................................

. 47 - - 47 N ew Mexico ............................................

. - -6 , 898 6 , 898 Ohio .........................................................

. 2 , 791 1 , 265 11 , 737 15 , 793 Oklahoma.................................................

. 514 - - 514 Penns y lvania Total ..................................

. 10 , 740 60 42 , 745 53 , 544 Anthracite ..............................................

. 171 52 - 224 Bituminous ............................................

. 10 , 568 7 42 , 745 53 , 320 Tennessee.................................................

. 892 - - 892 Utah .........................................................

. 635 - 23 , 671 24 , 307 Vir g inia....................................................

. 12 , 897 16 2 , 817 15 , 731 West Vir g inia Total .................................

. 47 , 427 24 37 , 401 84 , 853 Northern.................................................

. 6 , 371 9 29 , 696 36 , 076 Southern.................................................

. 41 , 057 15 7 , 705 48 , 777 W y omin g
................................................. . - -2 , 822 2 , 822 A pp alachian Total .................................
. 118 , 732 2 , 176 106 , 679 227 , 588 Northern................................................

. 20 , 512 1 , 334 84 , 177 106 , 023 Central ..................................................

. 98 , 023 842 11 , 238 110 , 103 Southern................................................

. 197 s 11 , 264 11 , 462 Interior Total .........................................
. 53 , 376 - 9 , 143 62 , 519 Illinois Basin.........................................

. 52 , 781 - 9 , 143 61 , 924 Western Total.........................................
. 1 , 392 7 60 , 284 61 , 683 Powder River Basin..............................

. - - - - Uinta Re g ion.........................................

. 882 - 50 , 564 51 , 446 East of Miss. River.................................
. 171 , 514 2 , 176 115 , 822 289 , 512 West of Miss. River................................
. 1 , 987 7 60 , 284 62 , 278 U.S. Total................................................
. 173 , 500 2 , 184 176 , 106 351 , 790

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see the Glossary. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 3 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using short wall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining methods, or mines that produce less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data.

4 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. s Value is less than 0.05 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated total. - = No data are reported. Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 18 

## Table 4. Coal Production by Co albed Thickness and Mine Type, 2007 (Thousand Short Tons) Coalbed Thickness (inches) Underground Surface Total
< 7................................................................

. - 274 274 7-12..............................................................

. - 3 , 426 3 , 426 13-18............................................................

. 252 6 , 311 6 , 563 19-24............................................................

. 731 13 , 535 14 , 266 25-30............................................................

. 3 , 797 20 , 461 24 , 258 31-36............................................................

. 16 , 998 29 , 016 46 , 014 37-42............................................................

. 24 , 733 19 , 221 43 , 955 43-48............................................................

. 35 , 786 29 , 982 65 , 767 49-54............................................................

. 27 , 886 23 , 577 51 , 463 55-60............................................................

. 41 , 122 25 , 184 66 , 306 61-66............................................................

. 34 , 433 10 , 378 44 , 811 67-72............................................................

. 58 , 805 25 , 183 83 , 988 73-78............................................................

. 7 , 390 1 , 291 8 , 681 79-84............................................................

. 18 , 853 27 , 025 45 , 878 85-90............................................................

. 7 , 927 3 , 114 11 , 041 91-96............................................................

. 13 , 667 11 , 760 25 , 427 97-102..........................................................

. 13 , 016 6 , 191 19 , 208 103-108........................................................

. 7 , 375 8 , 265 15 , 640 109-114........................................................

. 4 , 872 13 , 363 18 , 235 115-120........................................................

. 640 2 , 715 3 , 354 > 120............................................................

. 33 , 322 512 , 689 546 , 011 Unknown 1

................................................... . 187 727 2 , 070 U.S. Total....................................................
. 351 , 790 793 , 690 1 , 146 , 635

1 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons , which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. - = No data are reported. Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 19 

## Table 5. Coal Production and Coalbed Thic kness by Major Coalbeds and Mine Type, 2007
Production (thousand short tons) Thickness (inches) Coalbed ID Number 1

Coalbed Name Underground Surface Total Average 2 Low High
1699 W y odak

............................................... . - 389 , 195 389 , 195 759 81 906 0036 Pittsbur g h............................................

. 82 , 448 3 , 149 85 , 598 72 20 108 0489 No. 9 ...................................................

. 38 , 917 9 , 399 48 , 317 61 24 73 0111 Coalbur g
............................................. . 7 , 540 26 , 437 33 , 977 76 10 169 1697 Can y on................................................
. - 28 , 473 28 , 473 658 375 804 1569 Beulah-Zap
......................................... . - 27 , 578 27 , 578 179 132 210 0484 Herrin ( Illinois No. 6 )

......................... . 19 , 619 3 , 512 23 , 131 69 46 96 1696 Anderson-Dietz 1-Dietz 2 ..................

. - 20 , 462 20 , 462 215 80 660 1787 Rolan d

................................................. . - 18 , 844 18 , 844 486 382 660 0151 U pp er Elkhorn No. 3 ..........................

. 13 , 866 4 , 698 18 , 565 46 10 150 1808 Rosebu d

.............................................. . - 16 , 898 16 , 898 261 219 276 0084 Lower Kittannin g
................................ . 8 , 365 8 , 204 16 , 569 49 11 96 1753 Somerset B..........................................

. 13 , 229 - 13 , 229 184 96 240 0135 Hazard No. 4.......................................

. 6 , 250 6 , 606 12 , 857 64 16 138 0168 Lower Elkhorn....................................

. 10 , 215 1 , 975 12 , 190 53 11 84 0121 Winifrede............................................

. 4 , 196 7 , 181 11 , 377 68 7 120 0103 Stoc kton-Lewiston..............................

. 3 , 612 7 , 417 11 , 029 66 12 112 0176 Ea g le ...................................................

. 8 , 943 1 , 312 10 , 256 47 9 66 1488 Fruitland No. 8....................................

. 6 , 898 3 , 327 10 , 225 167 136 199 0157 Alma ...................................................

. 5 , 525 4 , 404 9 , 930 43 10 65 0071 U pp er Free p ort....................................

. 6 , 613 3 , 055 9 , 669 53 15 84 0100 Hazard No. 8.......................................

. 1 , 302 7 , 819 9 , 121 43 11 74 0280 Blue Cree k

.......................................... . 7 , 876 752 8 , 627 61 8 200 0142 Williamson ( Ambur gy)

...................... . 5 , 324 3 , 253 8 , 577 43 6 80 1750 Wad g e.................................................
. 8 , 290 - 8 , 290 100 100 100 Ma

j or Coalbeds Total .................................
. 259 , 028 603 , 952 862 , 980 420 6 906 Other Coalbeds ............................................
. 92 , 575 189 , 010 281 , 585 78 4 413 Unknown 3

..................................................... . 187 727 2 , 070 NA NA NA U.S. Total......................................................
. 351 , 790 793 , 690 1 , 146 , 635 336 4 1 , 272

1 The coalbed ID number is a unique code assigned by EIA to each correlated coalbed or to coal-bearing geologic formations, coal groups, or coal zones. See Coalbed name discussion in note below.

2 Average thickness is the bed thickness weighted by bed production. 3 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons , which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. - = No data are reported. NA = Not Available. Notes:  Major coalbeds for this table are the top 25 producing coalbeds. The category "Other Coalbeds" includes all coalbeds from whi ch less than 8.3 million short tons were produced during the year. In some regions, coalbeds are characteristically discontinuous or uncorrelatable from one location to another, and production is identified by the geological formations, coal groups, or coal zones of the native rock where the coalbeds occur. These types of coalbeds are fou nd primarily in the Rocky Mountain States and even in the Gulf Coast lignite belt. Coalbeds of these types are also included in "Other Coalbeds," even though production mayexceed 8.3 million short tons. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.  The coalbed name given is the name most commonly used in the State having the greatest production from that coalbed. The States having greatest production for each coalbe d are Alabama (coalbed 0280), Colorado (1750 and 1753); Illinois (0484); Eastern Kentucky (0100, 0135, 0142, 0151, and 0168); Western Kentucky (0489); Montana (1696 and 1808); New Mexico (1488); North Dakota (1569); Pennsylvania (0036 and 0071); West Virginia (0084, 0103, 0111, 0121, 0157, and 0176); and Wyoming (1697, 1699, and 1787). In some other States where these are major producing beds, th e following alternative coalbed names are also used: 0084, No 5 (Ohio); 0111, Peach Orchard (Eastern Kentucky); 0121, Quakertown (Pennsylvania); 0135, Windrock (Tenness ee); Phillips (Virginia); Chilton (West Virginia); 0142, Lower Splint (Virginia); 0151, Jellico (Tennessee); Taggert (Virginia); Cedar Grove (West Virginia); 0157, Elk horn No. 1 (East Kentucky); Rich Mountain (Tennessee); 0168, Imboden (Virginia); No 2 Gas (West Virginia); 0176, Middle Eagle (West Virginia); 0484, No 11 (Western Kentu cky); 0489, No 5 (Illinois and Indiana). Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 20 

## Table 6. Coal Production and Number of Mines by State and Coal Rank, 2007 (Thousand Short Tons)
Bituminous Subbituminous Li gnite Anthracite Total Coal-Producing State and Region 1 Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production Number of Mines Production
Alabama......................................... 49 19 , 327 - - - - - - 49 19 , 327 Alaska ............................................ - - 1 1 , 324 - - - - 1 1 , 324 Arizona .......................................... 1 7 , 983 - - - - - - 1 7 , 983 Arkansas ........................................ 2 83 - - - - - - 2 83 Colorado ........................................ 9 28 , 016 3 8 , 368 - - - - 12 36 , 384 Illinois............................................ 21 32 , 445 - - - - - - 21 32 , 445 Indiana ........................................... 27 35 , 003 - - - - - - 27 35 , 003 Kansas............................................ 2 420 - - - - - - 2 420 KentuckyTotal .............................. 417 115 , 280 - - - - - - 417 115 , 280 Eastern ......................................... 394 87 , 068 - - - - - - 394 87 , 068 Western........................................ 23 28 , 212 - - - - - - 23 28 , 212 Louisiana ....................................... - - - - 2 3 , 127 - - 2 3 , 127 Mary lan d ........................................ 19 2 , 301 - - - - - - 19 2 , 301 Mississi pp i..................................... - - - - 1 3 , 545 - - 1 3 , 545 Missouri......................................... 2 236 - - - - - - 2 236 Montana......................................... - - 5 43 , 031 1 358 - - 6 43 , 390 N ew Mexico 2 ................................. 1 6 , 898 3 17 , 553 - - - - 4 24 , 451 N orth Dak ota ................................. - - - - 4 29 , 606 - - 4 29 , 606 Ohio ............................................... 57 22 , 575 - - - - - - 57 22 , 575 Oklahoma....................................... 9 1 , 648 - - - - - - 9 1 , 648 Penns y lvania Total ........................ 192 63 , 484 - - - - 72 1 , 564 264 65 , 048 Anthracite .................................... - - - - - - 72 1 , 564 72 1 , 564 Bituminous .................................. 192 63 , 484 - - - - - - 192 63 , 484 Tennessee....................................... 17 2 , 654 - - - - - - 17 2 , 654 Texas.............................................. - - - - 11 41 , 948 - - 11 41 , 948 Utah ............................................... 10 24 , 307 - - - - - - 10 24 , 307 Vir g inia.......................................... 118 25 , 346 - - - - - - 118 25 , 346 West Vir g inia Total ....................... 282 153 , 480 - - - - - - 282 153 , 480 Northern....................................... 43 42 , 219 - - - - - - 43 42 , 219 Southern....................................... 239 111 , 260 - - - - - - 239 111 , 260 W y omin g ....................................... 1 120 19 453 , 448 - - - - 20 453 , 568 A pp alachian Total ....................... 1 , 128 376 , 236 - - - - 72 1 , 564 1 , 200 377 , 800 Northern...................................... 311 130 , 580 - - - - 72 1 , 564 383 132 , 144 Central ........................................ 768 226 , 329 - - - - - - 768 226 , 329 Southern...................................... 49 19 , 327 - - - - - - 49 19 , 327 Interior Total ............................... 86 98 , 047 - - 14 48 , 620 - - 100 146 , 668 Illinois Basin............................... 71 95 , 660 - - - - - - 71 95 , 660 Western Total............................... 23 67 , 323 30 523 , 724 5 29 , 965 - - 58 621 , 012 Powder River Basin.................... - - 17 479 , 496 - - - - 17 479 , 496 Uinta Re g ion............................... 16 51 , 446 3 8 , 368 - - - - 19 59 , 815 East of Miss. River....................... 1 , 199 471 , 897 - - 1 3 , 545 72 1 , 564 1 , 272 477 , 006 West of Miss. River...................... 38 69 , 710 30 523 , 724 18 75 , 040 - - 86 668 , 474

U.S. Subtotal................................. 1 , 237 541 , 607 30 523 , 724 19 78 , 585 72 1 , 564 1 , 358 1 , 145 , 480 Refuse Recover y ........................... 15 1 , 151 - - - - 1 4 16 1 , 156 U.S. Total...................................... 1 , 252 542 , 758 30 523 , 724 19 78 , 585 73 1 , 568 1 , 374 1 , 146 , 635

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 2 One Mine in New Mexico periodically produces both bituminous and subbituminous coal. When this occurs, it is double counted a s a subbituminous and bituminous mine, but is not double counted in the total. - = No data are reported. Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 21 

## Table 7. Coal Production by Stat e, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2007 (Thousand Short Tons)
Union Nonunion Total Coal-Producing State and Region 1 Underground Surface Underground Surface Underground Surface
Alabama...................................................... 11 , 264 - 197 7 , 862 11 , 462 7 , 862 Alaska ......................................................... - 1 , 324 - - - 1 , 324 Arizona ....................................................... - 7 , 983 - - - 7 , 983 Arkansas ..................................................... - - 80 - 80 - Colorado ..................................................... 1 , 424 2 , 883 26 , 178 5 , 891 27 , 602 8 , 774 Illinois......................................................... 8 , 352 - 18 , 455 5 , 638 26 , 807 5 , 638 Indiana ........................................................ - - 10 , 604 24 , 399 10 , 604 24 , 399 Kansas......................................................... - - - 420 - 420 KentuckyTotal ........................................... 5 , 627 1 , 080 63 , 486 44 , 779 69 , 113 45 , 859 Eastern ...................................................... 824 1 , 080 43 , 776 41 , 083 44 , 600 42 , 163 Western..................................................... 4 , 803 - 19 , 710 3 , 696 24 , 513 3 , 696 Louisiana .................................................... - - - 3 , 127 - 3 , 127 Mary lan d ..................................................... - - 611 1 , 666 611 1 , 666 Mississi pp i.................................................. - - - 3 , 545 - 3 , 545 Missouri...................................................... - - - 236 - 236 Montana...................................................... - 27 , 631 47 15 , 712 47 43 , 343 N ew Mexico ............................................... 6 , 898 12 , 194 - 5 , 359 6 , 898 17 , 553 N orth Dakota .............................................. - 6 , 861 - 22 , 745 - 29 , 606 Ohio ............................................................ 4 , 595 - 11 , 198 6 , 755 15 , 793 6 , 755 Oklahoma.................................................... - - 514 1 , 133 514 1 , 133 Penns y lvania Total ..................................... 21 , 695 614 31 , 814 10 , 500 53 , 509 11 , 114 Anthracite ................................................. - 305 196 895 196 1 , 199 Bituminous ............................................... 21 , 695 310 31 , 618 9 , 605 53 , 313 9 , 915 Tennessee.................................................... - - 892 1 , 750 892 1 , 750 Texas........................................................... - 25 , 992 - 15 , 957 - 41 , 948 Utah ............................................................ 5 , 300 - 19 , 007 - 24 , 307 - Vir g inia....................................................... 1 , 623 232 14 , 091 9 , 364 15 , 714 9 , 596 West Vir g inia Total .................................... 33 , 330 9 , 330 51 , 498 59 , 255 84 , 829 68 , 585 Northern.................................................... 26 , 910 - 9 , 156 6 , 133 36 , 067 6 , 133 Southern.................................................... 6 , 420 9 , 330 42 , 342 53 , 122 48 , 762 62 , 452 W y omin g .................................................... 2 , 822 8 , 842 - 441 , 904 2 , 822 450 , 746 A pp alachian Total .................................... 73 , 330 11 , 256 154 , 078 138 , 235 227 , 408 149 , 492 Northern................................................... 53 , 199 614 52 , 779 25 , 054 105 , 979 25 , 668 Central ..................................................... 8 , 867 10 , 642 101 , 101 105 , 319 109 , 968 115 , 961 Southern................................................... 11 , 264 - 197 7 , 862 11 , 462 7 , 862 Interior Total ............................................ 13 , 155 25 , 992 49 , 364 58 , 151 62 , 519 84 , 143 Illinois Basin............................................ 13 , 155 - 48 , 770 33 , 733 61 , 924 33 , 733 Western Total............................................ 16 , 444 67 , 718 45 , 232 491 , 610 61 , 676 559 , 328 Powder River Basin................................. - 27 , 272 - 452 , 224 - 479 , 496 Uinta Re g ion............................................ 6 , 724 2 , 478 44 , 723 5 , 891 51 , 446 8 , 368 East of Miss. River.................................... 86 , 485 11 , 256 202 , 848 175 , 514 289 , 333 186 , 770 West of Miss. River................................... 16 , 444 93 , 709 45 , 827 512 , 483 62 , 270 606 , 193 Unknown 2 .................................................. - - - - 187 727 U.S. Total................................................... 102 , 929 104 , 966 248 , 675 687 , 997 351 , 790 793 , 690

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 2 Includes mines with production of less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. - = No data are reported. Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Excludes refuse recovery operations. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 22 

## Table 8. Coal Disposition by State, 2007 (Thousand Short Tons) Coal-Producing State Open Market Sales 1 Captive Sales/Transactions 2 Total
Alabama.......................................................

. 19 , 350 - 19 , 350 Alaska ..........................................................

. W

- W Arizona ........................................................

. W

- W Arkansas ......................................................

. W

- W Colorado ......................................................

. W W 35 , 961 Illinois..........................................................

. 29 , 830 3 , 206 33 , 037 Indiana .........................................................

. 30 , 556 6 , 227 36 , 783 Kansas..........................................................

. W

- W KentuckyTotal ............................................

. 112 , 655 4 , 641 117 , 296 Eastern .......................................................

. W W 89 , 122 Western......................................................

. W W 28 , 174 Louisiana .....................................................

. W W W Mary lan d

...................................................... . 2 , 179 - 2 , 179 Mississi pp i...................................................

. W

- W Missouri.......................................................

. W

- W Montana.......................................................

. W W 42 , 769 N ew Mexico ................................................

. W W 24 , 432 N orth Dakota ...............................................

. W W 29 , 614 Ohio .............................................................

. 21 , 909 1 , 222 23 , 130 Oklahoma.....................................................

. W W 1 , 660 Penns y lvania Total ......................................

. 62 , 526 2 , 965 65 , 490 Anthracite ..................................................

. W W 1 , 381 Bituminous ................................................

. W W 64 , 109 Tennessee.....................................................

. 2 , 621 - 2 , 621 Texas............................................................

. W W 41 , 492 Utah .............................................................

. W W 24 , 132 Vir g inia........................................................

. 17 , 789 8 , 048 25 , 837 West Vir g inia Total .....................................

. 138 , 738 14 , 428 153 , 166 Northern.....................................................

. 38 , 796 3 , 746 42 , 541 Southern.....................................................

. 99 , 942 10 , 683 110 , 625 W y omin g
..................................................... . 375 , 775 75 , 462 451 , 237 U.S. Total 3

................................................... . 983 , 770 162 , 854 1 , 146 , 623

1 Open market sales include all coal sold on the open market to oth er coal companies or consumers. 2 Captive sales transactions include all coalused by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. 3 Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data, and refuse recovery. - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 23 

## Table 9. Major U.S. Coal Mines, 2007
Rank Mine Names/Company Mine Type State Production (short tons) 1 North Antelo p e Rochelle Mine/Powder River Coal , LLC Surface W y omin g 91 , 523 , 280 2 Black Thunder/Thunder Basin Coal Com p an yLLC Surface W y omin g 86 , 196 , 275 3 Cordero Mine/Cordero Minin g Com p an ySurface W y omin g 40 , 467 , 627 4 Jacobs Ranch Mine/Jaco b s Ranch Coal Com p an y Surface W y omin g 38 , 101 , 560 5 Antelo p e Coal Mine/Antelo p e Coal Com p an ySurface W y omin g 34 , 474 , 682 6 Caballo Mine/Caballo Coal Com p an ySurface W y omin g 31 , 172 , 396 7 Belle A y r Mine/Foundation Coal West Incorp orated Surface W y omin g 26 , 608 , 765 8 Buckskin Mine/Triton Coal Com p an ySurface W y omin g 25 , 268 , 145 9 Ea g le Butte Mine/Foundation Coal West Incor p orated Surface W y omin g 24 , 985 , 991 10 Rawhide Mine/Caballo Coal Com p an ySurface W y omin g 17 , 144 , 361 11 S p rin g Creek Coal Com p an y/S p rin g C r eek Coal Com p an y Surface Montana 15 , 712 , 091 12 Freedom Mine/Coteau Pro p erties Com p an ySurface North Dakota 14 , 955 , 989 13 Rosebud Mine & Crusher/Conve y or/Western Ener gyCom p an y Surface Montana 12 , 583 , 084 14 Enlow Fork Mine/Consol Penns y lvania Coal Com p an y Under g round Penns y lvania 11 , 222 , 052 15 Coal Creek Mine/Thunder Basin Coal Com p an yLLC Surface W y omin g 10 , 216 , 194 16 Baile yMine/Consol Penns y lvania Coal Com p an y Under g round Penns y lvania 9 , 827 , 946 17 McElro yMine/McElro yCoal Com p an yUnder g round West Vir g inia 9 , 667 , 258 18 Nava j o Mine/BHP Nava j o Coal Com p an y Surface New Mexico 8 , 529 , 955 19 Foidel Creek Mine/Twenty mile Coal Com p an yUnder g round Colorado 8 , 290 , 117 20 Ka y enta Mine/Peabod yWestern Coal Com p an ySurface Arizona 7 , 982 , 584 21 Falkirk Mine/Falkirk Minin g Com p an ySurface North Dakota 7 , 788 , 852 22 Absaloka Mine/Westmoreland Resources Inc. Surface Montana 7 , 704 , 556 23 Cumberland Mine/Cumberland Coal Resources , LP Under g round Penns y lvania 7 , 264 , 244 24 CenturyMine/American Ener gyCor p oration Under g round Ohio 7 , 141 , 934 25 Galatia Mine/The American Coal Com p an yUnder g round Illinois 7 , 009 , 160 26 Decker Mine/Decker Coal Com p an ySurface Montana 6 , 984 , 546 27 San Juan Mine 1/San Juan Coal Com p an yUnder g round New Mexico 6 , 898 , 040 28 West Elk Mine/Mo u ntain Coal Com p an y, L.L.C. Under g round Colorado 6 , 874 , 101 29 Jewett Mine/Texas Westmoreland Coal Co. Surface Texas 6 , 779 , 166 30 Sufco/Can y on Fuel Com p an yLLC Under g round Utah 6 , 711 , 925 31 Loverid g e No 22/Consolidation Coal Com p an yUnder g round West Vir g inia 6 , 642 , 339 32 Robinson Run No 95/Consolidation Coal Com p an y Under g round West Vir g inia 6 , 502 , 004 33 Beckville Stri p /Luminant Minin g Surface Texas 6 , 172 , 298 34 Emerald Mine No 1/Emerald Coal Resources LP Underg round Penns y lvania 5 , 674 , 111 35 Colow y o Mine/Colow y o Coal Com p an yL P Surface Colorado 5 , 596 , 568 36 Bowie No 2 Mine/Bowie Resources LLC Under g round Colorado 5 , 480 , 569 37 Lee Ranch Coal Com p an y/Lee Ranch Coal Co. Div. Peabod y Surface New Mexico 5 , 358 , 749 38 Dry Fork Mine/Western Fuels-W y omin g Inc Surface W y omin g 5 , 303 , 516 39 Kemmerer Mine/Chevron Minin g Inc Surface W y omin g 5 , 190 , 147 40 Twili g ht MTR Surface Mine/Pro g ress Coal Surface West Vir g inia 5 , 164 , 718 41 Blacksville No 2/Consolidation Coal Com p an yUnder g round Penns y lvania 5 , 150 , 114 42 W y odak/Wy odak Resources Develo p ment Co. Surface W y omin g 5 , 049 , 231 43 Elk Creek Mine/Oxbow Minin g, LLC Under g round Colorado 4 , 823 , 662 44 Cardinal/Warrior Coal LLC Under g round Kentucky 4 , 650 , 696 45 Dotiki Mine/Webster CountyCoal Under g round Kentucky 4 , 597 , 010 46 Powhatan No. 6 Mine/The Ohio Valle yCoal Com p an y Under g round Ohio 4 , 594 , 616 47 West Rid g e Mine/West Rid g e Resources Inc Under g round Utah 4 , 254 , 863 48 South Hallsville No 1 Mine/Sabine Minin g Com p an y Surface Texas 4 , 153 , 485 49 Hobet 21 Surface Mine/Hobet Minin g LLC Surface West Vir g inia 4 , 145 , 752 50 Three Oaks/Luminant Minin g Surface Texas 4 , 120 , 619 51 Oak Hill Stri p /Luminant Minin g Surface Texas 4 , 108 , 562 52 Federal No 2/Eastern Associated Coal LLC Under g round West Vir g inia 4 , 020 , 116 Subtotal 706 , 840 , 621 All Other Mines 439 , 794 , 724 U.S. Total 1 , 146 , 635 , 345 - = No data are reported.

Note:  Major mines are mines that produced more than 4 million short tons in 2007. The company is the firm operating the mine. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and/or U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Heal th Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 24 

## Table 10. Major U.S. Coal Producers, 2007
Rank Company Name Production (thousand short tons) Percent of Total Production 1 Peabod yEner gyCorp 192 , 318 16.8 2 Rio Tinto Ener gyAmerica 134 , 353 11.7 3 Arch Coal Inc 126 , 881 11.1 4 Foundation Coal Cor p 71 , 828 6.3 5 CONSOL Ener gyInc 65 , 178 5.7 6 Masse yEner gyCo 37 , 169 3.2 7 N ACCO Industries Inc 34 , 069 3.0 8 Westmoreland Coal Co 30 , 392 2.7 9 Murra yEner gyCor p 27 , 571 2.4 10 Peter Kiewit Sons Inc 27 , 171 2.4 11 Ener gyFuture Holdin g s Corp 25 , 992 2.3 12 Alliance Resource O p eratin g Partners LP 24 , 237 2.1 13 Al p ha Natural Resources LLC 21 , 592 1.9 14 Patriot Coal Cor p 19 , 262 1.7 15 Intl Coal Grou p Inc ( ICG ) 17 , 856 1.6 16 Ma g num Coal Co 16 , 112 1.4 17 BHP Billiton Ltd 15 , 428 1.3 18 Chevron Cor p 11 , 991 1.0 19 PacifiCor p 11 , 776 1.0 20 Level 3 Communications 10 , 675 0.9 21 James River Coal Co 10 , 294 0.9 22 Trinit yCoal Cor p 8 , 710 0.8 23 Ener gyCoal Resources Inc 8 , 407 0.7 24 Walter Industries Inc 6 , 606 0.6 25 Wexford Cap ital LLC 6 , 504 0.6 26 Booth Ener gyGrou p 6 , 493 0.6 27 TECO Ener gyInc 6 , 151 0.5 28 Western Fuels Association Inc 5 , 304 0.5 29 Rosebud Minin g Co 5 , 104 0.4 30 Black Hills Corp 5 , 049 0.4 Subtotal 990 , 473 86.4 All Other Coal Producers 156 , 162 13.6 U.S. Total 1 , 146 , 635 100.0

Note:  Major coal producers are companies that produced more than 5 million short tons in 2007. A controlling company of a mine is d efined as the company "controlling the coal, particularly the sale of the coal." Most often, but not always, this is the owner of the mine.

Source:  COALdat, a product of RDI/Platts and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration Form 7000-2, "Quarterly M ine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 25

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 26 

# Productive Capacity

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 27 

## Table 11. Productive Capacity of Coal Mines by State, 2007, 2006 (Thousand Short Tons) 2007 2006 Percent Change Coal-Producing State Underground Surface Total Underground Sur face Total Underground Surface Total
Alabama........................................ 14 , 870 12 , 511 27 , 381 16 , 540 9 , 888 26 , 428 -10.1 26.5 3.6 Alaska ........................................... - W W

- W W - W W Arizona ......................................... - W W

- W W - W W Arkansas ....................................... W - W W

- W W - W Colorado ....................................... W W 41 , 369 32 , 836 11 , 099 43 , 935 W W -5.8 Illinois........................................... 36 , 813 7 , 826 44 , 639 35 , 560 7 , 914 43 , 473 3.5 -1.1 2.7 Indiana .......................................... 12 , 219 29 , 171 41 , 390 12 , 122 27 , 821 39 , 944 0.8 4.9 3.6 Kansas........................................... - W W

- W W - W W KentuckyTotal ............................. 86 , 237 59 , 607 145 , 844 91 , 205 59 , 327 150 , 533 -5.4 0.5 -3.1 Eastern ........................................ 56 , 022 54 , 645 110 , 668 63 , 278 54 , 664 117 , 942 -11.5 * -6.2 Western....................................... 30 , 215 4 , 961 35 , 177 27 , 928 4 , 663 32 , 591 8.2 6.4 7.9 Louisiana ...................................... - W W

- W W - W W Mary lan d

....................................... W W 3 , 105 W W 5 , 891 W W -47.3 Mississi pp i.................................... - W W

- W W - W W Missouri........................................ - W W

- W W - W W Montana........................................ W W 47 , 323 W W 45 , 546 W W 3.9 N ew Mexico ................................. W W 28 , 250 W W 29 , 400 W W -3.9 N orth Dakota ................................ - 32 , 900 32 , 900 - 32 , 900 32 , 900 - - - Ohio .............................................. 18 , 491 15 , 802 34 , 293 17 , 810 16 , 667 34 , 477 3.8 -5.2 -0.5 Oklahoma...................................... W W 2 , 387 W W 3 , 386 W W -29.5 Penns y lvania Total ....................... 59 , 130 15 , 890 75 , 020 59 , 830 16 , 143 75 , 973 -1.2 -1.6 -1.3 Anthracite ................................... W W 2 , 790 279 2 , 017 2 , 295 W W 21.5 Bituminous ................................. W W 72 , 231 59 , 551 14 , 126 73 , 678 W W -2.0 Tennessee...................................... 896 3 , 416 4 , 313 1 , 738 2 , 109 3 , 846 -48.4 62.0 12.1 Texas............................................. - 43 , 066 43 , 066 - 46 , 253 46 , 253 - -6.9 -6.9 Utah .............................................. 28 , 668 - 28 , 668 29 , 530 - 29 , 530 -2.9 - -2.9 Vir g inia......................................... 19 , 827 11 , 256 31 , 083 20 , 716 11 , 784 32 , 500 -4.3 -4.5 -4.4 Washin g ton................................... - - - - W W - -100.0 -100.0 West Vir g inia Total ...................... 115 , 608 84 , 374 199 , 982 117 , 465 86 , 432 203 , 897 -1.6 -2.4 -1.9 Northern...................................... 40 , 853 7 , 446 48 , 299 39 , 587 6 , 394 45 , 982 3.2 16.4 5.0 Southern...................................... 74 , 755 76 , 928 151 , 683 77 , 878 80 , 037 157 , 915 -4.0 -3.9 -3.9 W y omin g
...................................... W W 486 , 281 W W 519 , 749 W W -6.4 U.S. Total.....................................
. 438 , 336 900 , 142 1 , 338 , 478 448 , 895 941 , 432 1 , 390 , 327 -2.4 -4.4 -3.7 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually as reported by mining companies on Form EIA-7A . Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 28 

## Table 12. Capacity Utilization of Coal Mines by State, 2007, 2006 (Percent)
2007 2006 Coal-Producing State Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total
Alabama.........................................................

. 77.08 62.84 70.58 64.88 81.61 71.14 Alaska ............................................................

. - W W

- W W Arizona ..........................................................

. - W W

- W W Arkansas ........................................................

. W - W W

- W Colorado ........................................................

. W W 87.93 81.19 87.06 82.67 Illinois............................................................

. 72.82 72.04 72.68 76.27 70.87 75.28 Indiana ...........................................................

. 86.78 83.64 84.57 88.57 87.61 87.90 Kansas............................................................

. - W W

- W W KentuckyTotal ..............................................

. 80.14 76.94 78.83 80.13 80.06 80.10 Eastern ........................................................

. 79.61 77.16 78.40 77.77 80.75 79.15 Western.......................................................

. 81.13 74.49 80.19 85.47 71.88 83.53 Louisiana .......................................................

. - W W

- W W Mary lan d

........................................................ . W W 73.32 W W 85.34 Mississi pp i.....................................................

. - W W

- W W Missouri.........................................................

. - W W

- W W Montana.........................................................

. W W 91.69 W W 91.83 N ew Mexico ..................................................

. W W 86.55 W W 88.14 N orth Dakota .................................................

. - 89.99 89.99 - 92.43 92.43 Ohio ...............................................................

. 85.41 42.75 65.75 84.93 45.40 65.82 Oklahoma.......................................................

. W W 69.00 W W 58.90 Penns y lvania Total ........................................

. 90.49 69.94 86.14 89.87 73.76 86.45 Anthracite ...................................................

. W W 50.02 85.62 56.14 59.72 Bituminous .................................................

. W W 87.54 89.89 76.28 87.28 Tennessee.......................................................

. 99.51 51.21 61.25 68.26 76.24 72.64 Texas..............................................................

. - 97.40 97.40 - 98.47 98.47 Utah ...............................................................

. 84.79 - 84.79 88.08 - 88.08 Vir g inia..........................................................

. 79.26 85.26 81.43 90.02 93.58 91.31 Washin g ton....................................................

. - - - - W W West Vir g inia Total .......................................

. 73.38 81.29 76.71 72.01 78.32 74.68 Northern......................................................

. 88.28 82.37 87.37 91.11 98.30 92.11 Southern......................................................

. 65.23 81.18 73.32 62.30 76.72 69.61 W y omin g
....................................................... . W W 93.27 W W 85.95 U.S. Total......................................................
. 80.21 88.09 85.51 79.93 85.22 83.51 - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Capacity utilization is the ratio of annual production to annu al productive capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,0 00 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components beca use of indepen dent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor , Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 29 

## Table 13. Productive Capacity and Capacity Utilizat ion of Underground Coal Mi nes by State and Mining Method, 2007 (Thousand Short Tons)
Continuous 1 Conventional and Other 2 Longwall 3 Total Coal-Producing State Productive Capacity Capacity Utilization

Percent Productive Capacity Capacity Utilization

Percent Productive Capacity Capacity Utilization

Percent Productive Capacity Capacity Utilization

Percent Alabama......................................... W W -- W W 14 , 870 77.08 Arkansas ........................................ W W ---- W W Colorado ........................................ W W -- W W 32 , 591 84.69 Illinois............................................ W W -- W W 36 , 813 72.82 Indiana ........................................... 12 , 219 86.78 - - - - 12 , 219 86.78 KentuckyTotal .............................. W 81.97 995 W W W 86 , 237 80.14 Eastern ......................................... W 82.45 995 W W W 56 , 022 79.61 Western........................................ W 81.13 - - - - 30 , 215 81.13 Mary lan d

........................................ W W ---- W W Montana......................................... W W ---- W W N ew Mexico .................................. - - - - W W W W Ohio ............................................... 3 , 377 82.65 W W W W 18 , 491 85.41 Oklahoma....................................... W W ---- W W Penns y lvania Total ........................ 13 , 945 77.01 W W W W 59 , 130 90.49 Anthracite .................................... W W W W

- - W W Bituminous .................................. W W -- W W W W Tennessee....................................... 896 99.51 - - - - 896 99.51 Utah ............................................... W W -- W W 28 , 668 84.79 Vir g inia.......................................... W W -- W W 19 , 827 79.26 West Vir g inia Total ....................... 68 , 104 69.64 - - 47 , 504 78.73 115 , 608 73.38 Northern....................................... 8 , 711 73.14 - - 32 , 142 92.39 40 , 853 88.28 Southern....................................... 59 , 393 69.13 - - 15 , 361 50.16 74 , 755 65.23 W y omin g ....................................... - - - - W W W W U.S. Total...................................... 225 , 793 76.84 3 , 647 54.75 208 , 896 84.30 438 , 336 80.21

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using short wall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Productive capacity is the maximum amount of coal that can be produced annually. Capacity utilization is the ratio of total p roduction to annual productive capacity. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and recovery operations . Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," for productive capacity, and U.S. Department of Labor , Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," for annual production.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 30 

# Recoverable Reserves

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 31 

## Table 14. Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average Reco very Percentage at Producing Mines by State, 2007, 2006 (Million Short Tons)
2007 2006 Coal-Producing State Recoverable Coal Reserves Average Recovery Percentage Recoverable Coal Reserves Average Recovery Percentage Percent Change Recoverable Coal Reserves

Alabama...............................................

. 327 57.15 336 59.60 -2.6 Alaska ..................................................

. W W W W W Arizona ................................................

. W W W W W Arkansas ..............................................

. W W W W - Colorado ..............................................

. 328 72.85 335 70.36 -2.1 Illinois..................................................

. 1 , 286 61.99 1 , 294 61.38 -0.7 Indiana .................................................

. 401 67.58 384 69.10 4.3 Kansas..................................................

. W W W W W KentuckyTotal ....................................

. 1 , 182 59.91 1 , 134 54.76 4.3 Eastern ...............................................

. 669 54.98 703 54.65 -4.8 Western..............................................

. 513 66.34 431 54.94 19.1 Louisiana .............................................

. W W W W W Mary lan d

.............................................. . 24 61.75 28 60.48 -13.9 Mississi pp i...........................................

. W W W W W Missouri...............................................

. W W W W W Montana...............................................

. 1 , 251 88.01 1 , 211 87.33 3.3 N ew Mexico ........................................

. 483 90.64 504 90.56 -4.2 N orth Dakota .......................................

. 1 , 252 90.64 1 , 145 90.16 9.3 Ohio .....................................................

. 333 73.00 291 73.10 14.5 Oklahoma.............................................

. 155 52.67 23 62.25 565.9 Penns y lvania Total ..............................

. 532 71.69 548 71.78 -2.8 Anthracite ..........................................

. 28 62.59 16 66.86 73.3 Bituminous ........................................

. 504 72.19 531 71.93 -5.1 Tennessee.............................................

. 12 79.31 21 61.92 -40.9 Texas....................................................

. 737 90.04 730 90.79 1.1 Utah .....................................................

. 211 57.92 243 57.80 -13.0 Vir g inia................................................

. 256 56.25 273 55.85 -6.3 Washin g ton..........................................

. - - W W W West Vir g inia Total .............................

. 1 , 828 57.49 1 , 793 59.43 1.9 Northern.............................................

. 303 61.18 284 62.92 6.7 Southern.............................................

. 1 , 525 56.76 1 , 510 58.77 1.0 W y omin g
............................................. . 7 , 330 91.36 7 , 890 91.57 -7.1 U.S. Total............................................
. 18 , 584 79.92 18 , 880 80.28 -1.6 - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Recoverable reserves represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e., mined) from existing coal reserves at reporti ng mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserves at reporting mines, weighted for all mine s in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 32 

## Table 15. Recoverable Coal Reserves at Pro ducing Mines, Estimated Recoverable Reserves, and Demonstrated Reserve Base by Mining Method, 2007 (Million Short Tons) Underground - Minable Coal Sur face - Minable Coal Total Coal-Resource State Recoverable Reserves at Producing

Mines Estimated Recoverable

Reserves Demonstrated Reserve Base Recoverable Reserves at Producing

Mines Estimated Recoverable

Reserves Demonstrated Reserve Base Recoverable Reserves at Producing

Mines Estimated Recoverable

Reserves Demonstrated Reserve Base

Alabama........................................ 275 485 963 52 2 , 264 3 , 178 327 2 , 749 4 , 141 Alaska ........................................... - 2 , 335 5 , 423 W 496 684 W 2 , 831 6 , 107 Arizona ......................................... - - - W

- - W -- Arkansas ....................................... W 127 272 - 101 144 W 228 417 Colorado ....................................... W 5 , 946 11 , 331 W 3 , 746 4 , 761 328 9 , 692 16 , 092 Geor g ia ......................................... - 1 2 - 1 2 - 2 4 Idaho ............................................. - 2 4 - - - - 2 4 Illinois........................................... 1 , 253 27 , 893 87 , 811 33 10 , 064 16 , 536 1 , 286 37 , 957 104 , 347 Indiana .......................................... 272 3 , 603 8 , 699 129 398 681 401 4 , 001 9 , 379 Iowa .............................................. - 807 1 , 732 - 320 457 - 1 , 127 2 , 189 Kansas........................................... - - - W 680 971 W 680 971 KentuckyTotal ............................. 886 7 , 265 16 , 770 296 7 , 417 12 , 848 1 , 182 14 , 682 29 , 618 Eastern ........................................ 503 553 990 166 5 , 154 9 , 229 669 5 , 707 10 , 219 Western....................................... 383 6 , 712 15 , 780 130 2 , 263 3 , 619 513 8 , 975 19 , 399 Louisiana ...................................... - - - W 306 412 W 306 412 Mary lan d

....................................... W 313 571 W 41 60 24 354 631 Michi g an....................................... - 55 123 - 3 5 - 59 128 Mississi pp i.................................... - - - W

- - W -- Missouri........................................ - 689 1 , 479 W 3 , 157 4 , 509 W 3 , 846 5 , 988 Montana........................................ W 35 , 922 70 , 957 W 38 , 934 48 , 166 1 , 251 74 , 856 119 , 123 N ew Mexico ................................. W 2 , 788 6 , 128 W 4 , 156 5 , 929 483 6 , 944 12 , 057 N orth Carolina.............................. - 5 11 - - - - 5 11 N orth Dakota ................................ - - - 1 , 252 6 , 849 8 , 978 1 , 252 6 , 849 8 , 978 Ohio .............................................. 230 7 , 692 17 , 484 103 3 , 755 5 , 736 333 11 , 447 23 , 220 Oklahoma...................................... W 573 1 , 229 W 224 320 155 797 1 , 549 Ore g on .......................................... - 6 15 - 2 3 - 9 17 Penns y lvania Total ....................... 427 10 , 595 23 , 006 105 1 , 026 4 , 222 532 11 , 621 27 , 228 Anthracite ................................... W 340 3 , 843 W 419 3 , 352 28 759 7 , 195 Bituminous ................................. W 10 , 255 19 , 164 W 606 870 504 10 , 861 20 , 034 South Dakota ................................ - - - - 277 366 - 277 366 Tennessee...................................... 2 277 506 10 176 260 12 454 766 Texas............................................. - - - 737 9 , 449 12 , 276 737 9 , 449 12 , 276 Utah .............................................. 211 2 , 465 5 , 028 - 212 268 211 2 , 676 5 , 295 Vir g inia......................................... 208 596 1 , 062 48 171 536 256 767 1 , 598 Washin g ton................................... - 674 1 , 332 - 6 8 - 681 1 , 340 West Vir g inia Total ...................... 1 , 285 15 , 395 28 , 845 543 2 , 274 3 , 605 1 , 828 17 , 669 32 , 450 Northern...................................... 271 NA NA 32 NA NA 303 NA NA Southern...................................... 1 , 014 NA NA 511 NA NA 1 , 525 NA NA W y omin g
...................................... W 22 , 946 42 , 493 W 16 , 728 20 , 198 7 , 330 39 , 674 62 , 692 U.S. Total.....................................
. 5 , 827 149 , 457 333 , 277 12 , 757 113 , 232 156 , 118 18 , 584 262 , 689 489 , 395 - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. NA = Not Available. Notes:  Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing c oal reserves at reporting mines.  EIA's estimated recoverable reserves include the coal in the demonstrated reserve base considered recoverable after excluding c oal estimated to be unavailable due to land use restrictions or currently economically unattractive for mining, and after applying assumed mining recovery rates; see Glossary for criteria.  The effective date for the demonstrated reserve base, as customarily worded, is "Remaining as of January 1, 2008." These data are contemporaneous with th e Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines, customarily presented as of the end of the past year's mining, that is in this case, December 31, 2007.  The demonstrated reserve base includes publicly available data on coal mapped to measured and indicated degrees of accuracy and found at depths and in coalbed thicknesses considered technologically minable at the time of determinations; see Glossary for criteria.  All reserve expressions exclude silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations.  Reserves at Producing Mines exclude mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide reserves data. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report," and EIA estimates.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 33 

## Table 16. Recoverable Coal Rese rves and Average Recovery Percent age at Producing Underground Coal Mines by State and Mining Method, 2007 (Million Short Tons)
Continuous 1 Conventional and Other 2 Longwall 3 Total Coal-Producing State Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines Average Recovery Percentage Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines Average Recovery Percentage Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines Average Recovery Percentage Recoverable Coal Reserves at Producing Mines Average Recovery Percentage
Alabama......................................... W W -- W W 275 52.75 Arkansas ........................................ W W ---- W W Colorado ........................................ W W -- W W 283 69.94 Illinois............................................ W W -- W W 1 , 253 61.57 Indiana ........................................... 272 62.34 - - - - 272 62.34 KentuckyTotal .............................. 867 W W 53.59 W W 886 50.81 Eastern ......................................... 483 W W 53.59 W W 503 46.23 Western........................................ 383 W - - - - 383 56.80 Mary lan d

........................................ W W ---- W W Montana......................................... W W ---- W W N ew Mexico .................................. - - - - W W W W Ohio ............................................... 28 54.89 W W W W 230 67.12 Oklahoma....................................... W W ---- W W Penns y lvania Total ........................ 120 61.03 W W W W 427 70.16 Anthracite .................................... W W W W

- - W W Bituminous .................................. W W -- W W W W Tennessee....................................... 2 44.98 - - - - 2 44.98 Utah ............................................... W W -- W W 211 57.92 Vir g inia.......................................... W W -- W W 208 49.27 West Vir g inia Total ....................... 812 48.56 - - 473 49.97 1 , 285 49.08 Northern....................................... 128 53.30 - - 143 65.78 271 59.89 Southern....................................... 685 47.68 - - 330 43.12 1 , 014 46.19 W y omin g ....................................... - - - - W W W W U.S. Total...................................... 3 , 012 55.98 24 59.04 2 , 791 61.62 5 , 827 58.69

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using short wall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from the longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mining and 20 percent continuous mining. - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing c oal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal th at can be recovered from coal re serves at reporting mines, weig hted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 34 

## Table 17. Recoverable Coal Reserv es and Average Recovery Percentage at Producing U.S. Mines by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2007 (Million Short Tons) Underground Surface Total Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Recoverable Coal Reserves Average Recovery Percentage Recoverable Coal Reserves Average Recovery Percentage Recoverable Coal Reserves Average Recovery Percentage Over 1 , 000 .................................................. 3 , 825 60.73 11 , 791 90.60 15 , 616 83.29 500 to 1 , 000................................................ 715 47.79 201 85.16 917 56.00 200 to 500 ................................................... 491 52.91 368 73.52 860 61.74 100 to 200 ................................................... 165 53.49 103 76.95 267 62.49 50 to 100 ..................................................... 153 48.98 115 59.63 268 53.53 10 to 50 ....................................................... 477 69.50 64 78.56 542 70.58 U.S. Total................................................... 5 , 827 58.69 12 , 757 89.61 18 , 584 79.92

Note:  Recoverable coal reserves at producing mines represent the quantity of coal that can be recovered (i.e. mined) from existing c oal reserves at reporting mines. Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal th at can be recovered from coal re serves at reporting mines, weig hted for all mines in the reported geographic area. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data and refuse recovery. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 35

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 36 

# Employment

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 37 

## Table 18. Average Number of Employees by State and Mine Type, 2007, 2006
2007 2006 Percent Change Coal-Producing State and Region 1 Underground Surface Total Underground Sur face Total Underground Surface Total
Alabama........................................ 2 , 458 1 , 392 3 , 850 2 , 621 1 , 574 4 , 195 -6.2 -11.6 -8.2 Alaska ........................................... - 99 99 - 96 96 - 3.1 3.1 Arizona ......................................... - 430 430 - 418 418 - 2.9 2.9 Arkansas ....................................... 85 2 87 41 2 43 107.3 - 102.3 Colorado ....................................... 1 , 729 520 2 , 249 1 , 682 547 2 , 229 2.8 -4.9 0.9 Illinois........................................... 3 , 488 458 3 , 946 3 , 507 470 3 , 977 -0.5 -2.6 -0.8 Indiana .......................................... 1 , 291 1 , 677 2 , 968 1 , 231 1 , 627 2 , 858 4.9 3.1 3.8 Kansas........................................... - 65 65 - 61 61 - 6.6 6.6 KentuckyTotal ............................. 11 , 146 5 , 840 16 , 986 11 , 902 6 , 057 17 , 959 -6.4 -3.6 -5.4 Eastern ........................................ 8 , 661 5 , 445 14 , 106 9 , 303 5 , 707 15 , 010 -6.9 -4.6 -6.0 Western....................................... 2 , 485 395 2 , 880 2 , 599 350 2 , 949 -4.4 12.9 -2.3 Louisiana ...................................... - 239 239 - 243 243 - -1.6 -1.6 Mary lan d ....................................... 131 244 375 205 285 490 -36.1 -14.4 -23.5 Mississi pp i.................................... - 177 177 - 178 178 - -0.6 -0.6 Missouri........................................ - 14 14 - 20 20 - -30.0 -30.0 Montana........................................ 16 970 986 58 884 942 -72.4 9.7 4.7 N ew Mexico ................................. 374 982 1 , 356 368 1 , 004 1 , 372 1.6 -2.2 -1.2 N orth Dakota ................................ - 975 975 - 947 947 - 3.0 3.0 Ohio .............................................. 1 , 481 1 , 015 2 , 496 1 , 384 1 , 029 2 , 413 7.0 -1.4 3.4 Oklahoma...................................... 84 153 237 73 151 224 15.1 1.3 5.8 Penns y lvania Total ....................... 5 , 206 2 , 443 7 , 649 5 , 099 2 , 427 7 , 526 2.1 0.7 1.6 Anthracite ................................... 192 718 910 226 643 869 -15.0 11.7 4.7 Bituminous ................................. 5 , 014 1 , 725 6 , 739 4 , 873 1 , 784 6 , 657 2.9 -3.3 1.2 Tennessee...................................... 220 346 566 333 327 660 -33.9 5.8 -14.2 Texas............................................. - 2 , 216 2 , 216 - 2 , 138 2 , 138 - 3.6 3.6 Utah .............................................. 2 , 006 6 2 , 012 2 , 030 6 2 , 036 -1.2 - -1.2 Vir g inia......................................... 3 , 363 1 , 400 4 , 763 3 , 623 1 , 639 5 , 262 -7.2 -14.6 -9.5 Washin g ton................................... - - - - 673 673 - -100.0 -100.0 West Vir g inia Total ...................... 13 , 441 6 , 608 20 , 049 13 , 190 6 , 886 20 , 076 1.9 -4.0 -0.1 Northern...................................... 3 , 889 651 4 , 540 3 , 982 639 4 , 621 -2.3 1.9 -1.8 Southern...................................... 9 , 552 5 , 957 15 , 509 9 , 208 6 , 247 15 , 455 3.7 -4.6 0.3 W y omin g ...................................... 204 6 , 179 6 , 383 128 5 , 709 5 , 837 59.4 8.2 9.4 A pp alachian Total ......................
. 34 , 961 18 , 893 53 , 854 35 , 758 19 , 874 55 , 632 -2.2 -4.9 -3.2 Northern..................................... 10 , 707 4 , 353 15 , 060 10 , 670 4 , 380 15 , 050 0.3 -0.6 0.1 Central ....................................... 21 , 793 13 , 145 34 , 938 22 , 467 13 , 920 36 , 387 -3.0 -5.6 -4.0 Southern..................................... 2 , 461 1 , 395 3 , 856 2 , 621 1 , 574 4 , 195 -6.1 -11.4 -8.1 Interior Total ..............................
. 7 , 433 5 , 396 12 , 829 7 , 451 5 , 240 12 , 691 -0.2 3.0 1.1 Illinois Basin.............................. 7 , 264 2 , 530 9 , 794 7 , 337 2 , 447 9 , 784 -1.0 3.4 0.1 Western Total..............................
. 4 , 329 10 , 161 14 , 490 4 , 266 10 , 284 14 , 550 1.5 -1.2 -0.4 Powder River Basin................... - 6 , 399 6 , 399 - 5 , 852 5 , 852 - 9.3 9.3 Uinta Re g ion.............................. 3 , 668 497 4 , 165 3 , 657 525 4 , 182 0.3 -5.3 -0.4 East of Miss. River......................
. 42 , 225 21 , 600 63 , 825 43 , 095 22 , 499 65 , 594 -2.0 -4.0 -2.7 West of Miss. River.....................
. 4 , 498 12 , 850 17 , 348 4 , 380 12 , 899 17 , 279 2.7 -0.4 0.4

U.S. Subtotal................................
. 46 , 723 34 , 450 81 , 173 47 , 475 35 , 398 82 , 873 -1.6 -2.7 -2.1 Refuse Recover y .......................... . - - 105 - - 86 - - 22.1 U.S. Total.....................................
. 46 , 723 34 , 450 81 , 278 47 , 475 35 , 398 82 , 959 -1.6 -2.7 -2.0

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. - = No data are reported. Note:  Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, proces sing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plan ts with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide da ta. Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety a nd Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production R eport."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 38 

## Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Undergro und and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 2007 Mine Production Range (thousand short tons) Coal-Producing State, Region 1 , and Mine Type 1,000 and Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero 2 Total Number of Employees

Alabama......................................................
. 2 , 299 285 418 281 268 143 21 135 3 , 850 Under g roun d

............................................. . 2 , 298 - - 35 60 - 15 50 2 , 458 Surface......................................................

. 1 285 418 246 208 143 6 85 1 , 392 Alaska .........................................................
. 99 - - - - - - - 99 Surface......................................................

. 99 - - - - - - - 99 Arizona .......................................................
. 430 - - - - - - - 430 Surface......................................................

. 430 - - - - - - - 430 Arkansas.....................................................
. - - - - 85 - 2 - 87 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - - - 85 - - - 85 Surface......................................................

. - - - - - - 2 - 2 Colorado .....................................................
. 2 , 111 - 126 - - - 7 5 2 , 249 Under g roun d

............................................. . 1 , 632 - 85 - - - 7 5 1 , 729 Surface......................................................

. 479 - 41 - - - - - 520 Illinois .........................................................
. 3 , 280 311 199 - - 14 - 142 3 , 946 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3 , 029 224 131 - - 12 - 92 3 , 488 Surface......................................................

. 251 87 68 - - 2 - 50 458 Indiana........................................................
. 2 , 250 405 155 - - 10 - 148 2 , 968 Under g roun d

............................................. . 1 , 037 134 72 - - - - 48 1 , 291 Surface......................................................

. 1 , 213 271 83 - - 10 - 100 1 , 677 Kansas.........................................................
. - - 51 - - - - 14 65 Surface......................................................

. - - 51 - - - - 14 65 Kentucky Total ..........................................
. 3 , 927 3 , 697 3 , 178 1 , 431 1 , 263 1 , 053 411 2 , 026 16 , 986 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3 , 150 2 , 578 1 , 704 835 849 620 190 1 , 220 11 , 146 Surface......................................................

. 777 1 , 119 1 , 474 596 414 433 221 806 5 , 840 Eastern......................................................
. 1 , 715 3 , 411 3 , 090 1 , 389 1 , 222 1 , 039 405 1 , 835 14 , 106 Under g roun d

............................................. . 1 , 014 2 , 421 1 , 654 835 849 620 190 1 , 078 8 , 661 Surface......................................................

. 701 990 1 , 436 554 373 419 215 757 5 , 445 Western.....................................................
. 2 , 212 286 88 42 41 14 6 191 2 , 880 Under g roun d

............................................. . 2 , 136 157 50 - - - - 142 2 , 485 Surface......................................................

. 76 129 38 42 41 14 6 49 395 Louisiana ....................................................
. 199 40 - - - - - - 239 Surface......................................................

. 199 40 - - - - - - 239 Mar y land ....................................................
. - - 209 15 50 41 11 49 375 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - 85 - - - - 46 131 Surface......................................................

. - - 124 15 50 41 11 3 244 Mississi pp i ..................................................
. 177 - - - - - - - 177 Surface......................................................

. 177 - - - - - - - 177 Missouri ......................................................
. - - - 11 3 - - - 14 Surface......................................................

. - - - 11 3 - - - 14 Montana......................................................
. 958 - 12 - - 16 - - 986 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - - - - 16 - - 16 Surface......................................................

. 958 - 12 - - - - - 970 New Mexico ................................................
. 1 , 213 - - - - - - 143 1 , 356 Under g roun d

............................................. . 346 - - - - - - 28 374 Surface......................................................

. 867 - - - - - - 115 982 North Dakota .............................................
. 970 - - - - - - 5 975 Surface......................................................

. 970 - - - - - - 5 975 Ohio.............................................................
. 1 , 040 282 509 223 101 121 74 146 2 , 496 Under g roun d

............................................. . 1 , 040 72 249 28 - 22 - 70 1 , 481 Surface......................................................

. - 210 260 195 101 99 74 76 1 , 015 Oklahoma ...................................................
. - - 138 29 39 29 2 - 237 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - 55 - - 29 - - 84 Surface......................................................

. - - 83 29 39 - 2 - 153 Penns y lvania Total ....................................
. 3 , 525 736 963 619 304 477 280 745 7 , 649 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3 , 525 521 509 265 13 23 59 291 5 , 206 Surface......................................................

. - 215 454 354 291 454 221 454 2 , 443 Anthracite.................................................
. - - 29 47 130 194 127 383 910 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - - 47 - 23 49 73 192 Surface......................................................

. - - 29 - 130 171 78 310 718 Bituminous ...............................................
. 3 , 525 736 934 572 174 283 153 362 6 , 739 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3 , 525 521 509 218 13 - 10 218 5 , 014 Surface......................................................

. - 215 425 354 161 283 143 144 1 , 725 Tennessee....................................................
. - 79 296 39 63 21 6 62 566 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - 132 39 14 7 - 28 220 Surface......................................................

. - 79 164 - 49 14 6 34 346 Texas ...........................................................
. 2 , 216 - - - - - - - 2 , 216 Surface......................................................

. 2 , 216 - - - - - - - 2 , 216 Utah.............................................................
. 1 , 655 74 130 - - - - 153 2 , 012 Under g ro u n d

............................................. . 1 , 655 74 130 - - - - 147 2 , 006
See footnotes at end of table.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 39 

## Table 19. Average Number of Employees at Undergro und and Surface Mines by State and Mine Production Range, 2007 (Continued) Mine Production Range (thousand short tons) Coal-Producing State, Region 1 , and Mine Type 1,000 and Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Zero 2 Total Number of Employees
Utah (continued) Surface......................................................

. - - - - - - - 6 6 Vir g inia.......................................................
. 669 642 1 , 479 558 365 386 48 616 4 , 763 Under g roun d

............................................. . 669 510 638 458 287 315 31 455 3 , 363 Surface......................................................

. - 132 841 100 78 71 17 161 1 , 400 West Vir g inia Total ...................................
. 9 , 058 2 , 754 3 , 080 1 , 280 674 713 114 2 , 376 20 , 049 Under g roun d

............................................. . 5 , 111 2 , 069 2 , 511 1 , 127 546 506 61 1 , 510 13 , 441 Surface......................................................

. 3 , 947 685 569 153 128 207 53 866 6 , 608 Northern ...................................................
. 3 , 127 303 371 51 264 90 27 307 4 , 540 Under g roun d

............................................. . 2 , 800 265 325 24 221 52 12 190 3 , 889 Surface......................................................

. 327 38 46 27 43 38 15 117 651 Southern ...................................................
. 5 , 931 2 , 451 2 , 709 1 , 229 410 623 87 2 , 069 15 , 509 Under g roun d

............................................. . 2 , 311 1 , 804 2 , 186 1 , 103 325 454 49 1 , 320 9 , 552 Surface......................................................

. 3 , 620 647 523 126 85 169 38 749 5 , 957 W y omin g ..................................................... . 6 , 294 - - 12 - - 2 75 6 , 383 Under g roun d

............................................. . 204 - - - - - - - 204 Surface......................................................

. 6 , 090 - - 12 - - 2 75 6 , 179 A pp alachian Total .....................................
. 18 , 306 8 , 189 10 , 044 4 , 404 3 , 047 2 , 941 959 5 , 964 53 , 854 Under g roun d

............................................. . 13 , 657 5 , 593 5 , 778 2 , 787 1 , 769 1 , 493 356 3 , 528 34 , 961 Surface......................................................

. 4 , 649 2 , 596 4 , 266 1 , 617 1 , 278 1 , 448 603 2 , 436 18 , 893 Northern ...................................................
. 7 , 692 1 , 321 2 , 052 908 719 729 392 1 , 247 15 , 060 Under g roun d

............................................. . 7 , 365 858 1 , 168 317 234 97 71 597 10 , 707 Surface......................................................

. 327 463 884 591 485 632 321 650 4 , 353 Central ......................................................
. 8 , 315 6 , 583 7 , 574 3 , 215 2 , 060 2 , 069 546 4 , 576 34 , 938 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3 , 994 4 , 735 4 , 610 2 , 435 1 , 475 1 , 396 270 2 , 878 21 , 793 Surface......................................................

. 4 , 321 1 , 848 2 , 964 780 585 673 276 1 , 698 13 , 145 Southern ...................................................
. 2 , 299 285 418 281 268 143 21 141 3 , 856 Under g roun d

............................................. . 2 , 298 - - 35 60 - 15 53 2 , 461 Surface......................................................

. 1 285 418 246 208 143 6 88 1 , 395 Interior Total .............................................
. 10 , 334 1 , 042 631 82 168 67 10 495 12 , 829 Under g roun d

............................................. . 6 , 202 515 308 - 85 41 - 282 7 , 433 Surface......................................................

. 4 , 132 527 323 82 83 26 10 213 5 , 396 Illinois Basin.............................................
. 7 , 742 1 , 002 442 42 41 38 6 481 9 , 794 Under g roun d

............................................. . 6 , 202 515 253 - - 12 - 282 7 , 264 Surface......................................................

. 1 , 540 487 189 42 41 26 6 199 2 , 530 Western Total.............................................
. 13 , 730 74 268 12 - 16 9 381 14 , 490 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3 , 837 74 215 - - 16 7 180 4 , 329 Surface......................................................

. 9 , 893 - 53 12 - - 2 201 10 , 161 Powder River Basin.................................
. 6 , 324 - - - - - - 75 6 , 399 Surface......................................................

. 6 , 324 - - - - - - 75 6 , 399 Uinta Re g ion.............................................
. 3 , 766 74 167 - - - - 158 4 , 165 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3 , 287 74 155 - - - - 152 3 , 668 Surface......................................................

. 479 - 12 - - - - 6 497 East of Miss. River.....................................
. 26 , 225 9 , 191 10 , 486 4 , 446 3 , 088 2 , 979 965 6 , 445 63 , 825 Under g roun d

............................................. . 19 , 859 6 , 108 6 , 031 2 , 787 1 , 769 1 , 505 356 3 , 810 42 , 225 Surface......................................................

. 6 , 366 3 , 083 4 , 455 1 , 659 1 , 319 1 , 474 609 2 , 635 21 , 600 West of Miss. River....................................
. 16 , 145 114 457 52 127 45 13 395 17 , 348 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3 , 837 74 270 - 85 45 7 180 4 , 498 Surface......................................................

. 12 , 308 40 187 52 42 - 6 215 12 , 850 Subtotal.......................................................
. 42 , 370 9 , 305 10 , 943 4 , 498 3 , 215 3 , 024 978 6 , 840 81 , 173 Under g roun d

............................................. . 23 , 696 6 , 182 6 , 301 2 , 787 1 , 854 1 , 550 363 3 , 990 46 , 723 Surface......................................................

. 18 , 674 3 , 123 4 , 642 1 , 711 1 , 361 1 , 474 615 2 , 850 34 , 450 Refuse Recover y ......................................... . - - 8 29 22 14 18 14 105 U.S. Total....................................................
. 42 , 370 9 , 305 10 , 951 4 , 527 3 , 237 3 , 038 996 6 , 854 81 , 278

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 2 Includes all employees at preparation plan ts and tipples not co-located with a mine. - = No data are reported. Note:  Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, proces sing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide dat a. Source:  U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety a nd Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production R eport."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 40 

## Table 20. Average Number of Employees at Underg round and Surface Mines by State and Union Status, 2007

Union 2 Nonunion 2 Coal-Producing State and Region 1 Underground Surface Underground Surface
Alabama................................................ 2 , 334 1 109 1 , 398 Alaska ................................................... - 99 - - Arizona ................................................. - 430 - - Arkansas ............................................... - - 85 - Colorado ............................................... 141 202 1 , 581 318 Illinois................................................... 1 , 279 48 2 , 209 424 Indiana .................................................. - - 1 , 291 1 , 677 Kansas................................................... - - - 65 KentuckyTotal ..................................... 757 136 10 , 199 5 , 500 Eastern ................................................ 166 136 8 , 305 5 , 101 Western............................................... 591 - 1 , 894 399 Louisiana .............................................. - - - 239 Mary lan d ............................................... - - 131 233 Mississi pp i............................................ - - - 177 Missouri................................................ - - - 14 Montana................................................ - 768 16 202 N ew Mexico ......................................... 374 727 - 255 N orth Dakota ........................................ - 283 - 692 Ohio ...................................................... 512 15 969 926 Oklahoma.............................................. - - 84 151 Penns y lvania Total ............................... 2 , 359 315 2 , 788 1 , 931 Anthracite ........................................... 2 237 141 413 Bituminous ......................................... 2 , 357 78 2 , 647 1 , 518 Tennessee.............................................. - - 220 340 Texas..................................................... - 1 , 342 - 874 Utah ...................................................... 609 - 1 , 397 8 Vir g inia................................................. 429 71 2 , 903 1 , 322 West Vir g inia Total .............................. 4 , 446 976 8 , 934 5 , 586 Northern.............................................. 2 , 531 - 1 , 346 636 Southern.............................................. 1 , 915 976 7 , 588 4 , 950 W y omin g .............................................. 204 518 - 5 , 659 A pp alachian Total .............................. 10 , 246 1 , 514 24 , 359 16 , 837 Northern............................................. 5 , 402 330 5 , 234 3 , 726 Central ............................................... 2 , 510 1 , 183 19 , 013 11 , 710 Southern............................................. 2 , 334 1 112 1 , 401 Interior Total ...................................... 1 , 870 1 , 390 5 , 563 4 , 020 Illinois Basin...................................... 1 , 870 48 5 , 394 2 , 500 Western Total...................................... 1 , 328 3 , 027 2 , 994 7 , 134 Powder River Basin........................... - 756 - 5 , 643 Uinta Re g ion...................................... 750 173 2 , 918 326 East of Miss. River.............................. 12 , 116 1 , 562 29 , 753 19 , 514 West of Miss. River............................. 1 , 328 4 , 369 3 , 163 8 , 477 U.S. Total............................................. 13 , 444 5 , 931 32 , 916 27 , 991

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 2 Includes all employees at preparation plan ts and tipples not co-located with a mine. - = No data are reported. Note:  Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, proces sing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hour s per year, which are not required to provide data. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 41

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 42 

# Productivity

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 43 

## Table 21. Coal Mining Productivity by State and Mine Type, 2007, 2006

Number of Mining Operations 2 Number of Employees 3 Average Production per Employee

per Hour (short tons) 4 Coal-Producing State, Region 1 , and Mine Type 2007 2006 Percent Change 2007 2006 Percent Change 2007 2006 Percent Change Alabama.......................................
. 61 68 -10.3 3 , 850 4 , 195 -8.2 2.23 2.01 11.1 Under g roun d .............................. 13 14 -7.1 2 , 458 2 , 621 -6.2 2.08 1.74 19.2 Surface....................................... 48 54 -11.1 1 , 392 1 , 574 -11.6 2.49 2.51 -0.8 Alaska ..........................................
. 1 1 - 99 96 3.1 5.83 6.48 -10.0 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 99 96 3.1 5.83 6.48 -10.0 Arizona ........................................
. 1 2 -50.0 430 418 2.9 7.92 7.69 2.9 Surface....................................... 1 2 -50.0 430 418 2.9 7.92 7.69 2.9 Arkansas......................................
. 2 2 - 87 43 102.3 0.42 0.24 76.1 Under g roun d .............................. 1 1 - 85 41 107.3 0.41 0.19 118.3 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 2 2 - 1.65 2.48 -33.4 Colorado ......................................
. 13 13 - 2 , 249 2 , 229 0.9 7.51 7.90 -5.0 Under g roun d .............................. 9 8 12.5 1 , 729 1 , 682 2.8 7.36 7.72 -4.7 Surface....................................... 4 5 -20.0 520 547 -4.9 8.05 8.46 -4.9 Illinois ..........................................
. 29 33 -12.1 3 , 946 3 , 977 -0.8 3.67 3.70 -0.8 Under g roun d .............................. 19 21 -9.5 3 , 488 3 , 507 -0.5 3.48 3.52 -1.2 Surface....................................... 10 12 -16.7 458 470 -2.6 4.95 4.89 1.4 Indiana.........................................
. 44 45 -2.2 2 , 968 2 , 858 3.8 4.55 4.81 -5.4 Under g roun d .............................. 15 15 - 1 , 291 1 , 231 4.9 3.18 3.46 -8.0 Surface....................................... 29 30 -3.3 1 , 677 1 , 627 3.1 5.60 5.82 -3.7 Kansas..........................................
. 3 3 - 65 61 6.6 3.25 3.64 -10.9 Surface....................................... 3 3 - 65 61 6.6 3.25 3.64 -10.9 Kentucky Total ...........................
. 554 592 -6.4 16 , 986 17 , 959 -5.4 2.97 2.96 0.5 Under g roun d .............................. 266 300 -11.3 11 , 146 11 , 902 -6.4 2.69 2.68 0.3 Surface....................................... 288 292 -1.4 5 , 840 6 , 057 -3.6 3.53 3.51 0.6 Eastern.......................................
. 521 556 -6.3 14 , 106 15 , 010 -6.0 2.75 2.78 -1.1 Under g roun d .............................. 251 280 -10.4 8 , 661 9 , 303 -6.9 2.31 2.37 -2.6 Surface....................................... 270 276 -2.2 5 , 445 5 , 707 -4.6 3.45 3.45 * Western......................................
. 33 36 -8.3 2 , 880 2 , 949 -2.3 3.96 3.78 4.9 Under g roun d .............................. 15 20 -25.0 2 , 485 2 , 599 -4.4 3.86 3.69 4.6 Surface....................................... 18 16 12.5 395 350 12.9 4.83 4.54 6.3 Louisiana .....................................
. 2 2 - 239 243 -1.6 6.08 7.84 -22.5 Surface....................................... 2 2 - 239 243 -1.6 6.08 7.84 -22.5 Mar y land .....................................
. 22 22 - 375 490 -23.5 2.80 4.82 -41.9 Under g roun d .............................. 4 5 -20.0 131 205 -36.1 2.09 6.10 -65.7 Surface....................................... 18 17 5.9 244 285 -14.4 3.19 3.81 -16.1 Mississi pp i ...................................
. 1 1 - 177 178 -0.6 9.99 10.38 -3.8 Surface....................................... 1 1 - 177 178 -0.6 9.99 10.38 -3.8 Missouri .......................................
. 2 2 - 14 20 -30.0 6.96 10.20 -31.8 Surface....................................... 2 2 - 14 20 -30.0 6.96 10.20 -31.8 Montana.......................................
. 6 6 - 986 942 4.7 22.20 21.98 1.0 Under g roun d .............................. 1 1 - 16 58 -72.4 1.46 2.65 -45.0 Surface....................................... 5 5 - 970 884 9.7 22.55 23.30 -3.2 New Mexico .................................
. 6 5 20.0 1 , 356 1 , 372 -1.2 9.03 8.62 4.7 Under g roun d .............................. 2 2 - 374 368 1.6 9.11 8.07 12.9 Surface....................................... 4 3 33.3 982 1 , 004 -2.2 9.00 8.85 1.7 North Dakota ..............................
. 5 5 - 975 947 3.0 15.70 16.91 -7.2 Surface....................................... 5 5 - 975 947 3.0 15.70 16.91 -7.2 Ohio..............................................
. 73 71 2.8 2 , 496 2 , 413 3.4 4.05 4.04 0.4 Under g roun d .............................. 21 20 5.0 1 , 481 1 , 384 7.0 4.76 4.81 -1.0 Surface....................................... 52 51 2.0 1 , 015 1 , 029 -1.4 3.01 3.06 -1.7 Oklahoma ....................................
. 9 10 -10.0 237 224 5.8 2.78 3.35 -16.9 Under g roun d .............................. 2 2 - 84 73 15.1 2.65 2.44 8.8 Surface....................................... 7 8 -12.5 153 151 1.3 2.85 3.78 -24.6 Penns y lvania Total .....................
. 349 358 -2.5 7 , 649 7 , 526 1.6 3.73 3.90 -4.3 Under g roun d .............................. 82 87 -5.7 5 , 206 5 , 099 2.1 4.39 4.52 -2.8 Surface....................................... 267 271 -1.5 2 , 443 2 , 427 0.7 2.20 2.44 -9.9 Anthracite..................................
. 120 124 -3.2 910 869 4.7 0.89 0.95 -6.6 Under g roun d .............................. 30 35 -14.3 192 226 -15.0 0.68 0.68 * Surface....................................... 90 89 1.1 718 643 11.7 0.94 1.04 -10.2 Bituminous ................................
. 229 234 -2.1 6 , 739 6 , 657 1.2 4.05 4.21 -3.7 Under g roun d .............................. 52 52 - 5 , 014 4 , 873 2.9 4.50 4.65 -3.3 Surface....................................... 177 182 -2.7 1 , 725 1 , 784 -3.3 2.67 2.87 -7.2 Tennessee.....................................
. 28 36 -22.2 566 660 -14.2 2.10 2.06 2.0 Under g roun d .............................. 9 16 -43.8 220 333 -33.9 1.92 1.97 -2.2 Surface....................................... 19 20 -5.0 346 327 5.8 2.21 2.14 3.3 Texas ............................................
. 11 12 -8.3 2 , 216 2 , 138 3.6 8.82 9.90 -10.9 Surface....................................... 11 12 -8.3 2 , 216 2 , 138 3.6 8.82 9.90 -10.9 Utah..............................................
. 18 20 -10.0 2 , 012 2 , 036 -1.2 5.79 6.15 -5.8 Under g roun d .............................. 17 19 -10.5 2 , 006 2 , 030 -1.2 5.81 6.18 -5.9
See footnotes at end of table.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 44 

## Table 21. Coal Mini ng Productivity by State and MineType, 2007, 2006 (Continued)

Number of Mining Operations 2 Number of Employees 3 Average Production per Employee

per Hour (short tons) 4 Coal-Producing State, Region 1 , and Mine Type 2007 2006 Percent Change 2007 2006 Percent Change 2007 2006 Percent Change Utah (continued) Surface....................................... 1 1 - 6 6 - - - - Vir g inia........................................
. 160 170 -5.9 4 , 763 5 , 262 -9.5 2.47 2.67 -7.4 Under g roun d .............................. 94 98 -4.1 3 , 363 3 , 623 -7.2 2.25 2.48 -9.4 Surface....................................... 66 72 -8.3 1 , 400 1 , 639 -14.6 2.96 3.07 -3.5 Washin g ton ................................. . - 1 -100.0 - 673 -1 00.0 - 2.03 -100.0 Surface....................................... - 1 -100.0 - 673 -100.0 - 2.03 -100.0 West Vir g inia Total ....................
. 418 419 -0.2 20 , 049 20 , 076 -0.1 3.32 3.32 * Under g roun d .............................. 239 247 -3.2 13 , 441 13 , 190 1.9 2.82 2.87 -1.5 Surface....................................... 179 172 4.1 6 , 608 6 , 886 -4.0 4.25 4.14 2.7 Northern ....................................
. 65 70 -7.1 4 , 540 4 , 621 -1.8 4.08 4.12 -0.8 Under g roun d .............................. 34 41 -17.1 3 , 889 3 , 982 -2.3 4.05 4.02 0.9 Surface....................................... 31 29 6.9 651 639 1.9 4.26 4.78 -10.8 Southern ....................................
. 353 349 1.1 15 , 509 15 , 455 0.3 3.10 3.09 0.4 Under g roun d .............................. 205 206 -0.5 9 , 552 9 , 208 3.7 2.30 2.36 -2.5 Surface....................................... 148 143 3.5 5 , 957 6 , 247 -4.6 4.25 4.08 4.1 W y omin g ...................................... . 21 21 - 6 , 383 5 , 837 9.4 33.30 35.46 -6.1 Under g roun d .............................. 1 1 - 204 128 59.4 6.47 1.84 252.6 Surface....................................... 20 20 - 6 , 179 5 , 709 8.2 34.19 36.24 -5.7 A pp alachian Total ......................
. 1 , 632 1 , 700 -4.0 53 , 854 55 , 632 -3.2 3.10 3.13 -0.9 Under g roun d .............................. 713 767 -7.0 34 , 961 35 , 758 -2.2 2.91 2.95 -1.3 Surface....................................... 919 933 -1.5 18 , 893 19 , 874 -4.9 3.44 3.45 -0.3 Northern ....................................
. 509 521 -2.3 15 , 060 15 , 050 0.1 3.87 4.02 -3.7 Under g roun d .............................. 141 153 -7.8 10 , 707 10 , 670 0.3 4.29 4.40 -2.5 Surface....................................... 368 368 - 4 , 353 4 , 380 -0.6 2.76 3.02 -8.5 Central .......................................
. 1 , 060 1 , 111 -4.6 34 , 938 36 , 387 -4.0 2.86 2.89 -0.8 Under g roun d .............................. 558 600 -7.0 21 , 793 22 , 467 -3.0 2.29 2.38 -3.6 Surface....................................... 502 511 -1.8 13 , 145 13 , 920 -5.6 3.74 3.67 2.0 Southern ....................................
. 63 68 -7.4 3 , 856 4 , 195 -8.1 2.23 2.01 10.9 Under g roun d .............................. 14 14 - 2 , 461 2 , 621 -6.1 2.08 1.74 19.1 Surface....................................... 49 54 -9.3 1 , 395 1 , 574 -11.4 2.49 2.51 -1.0 Interior Total ..............................
. 136 146 -6.8 12 , 829 12 , 691 1.1 4.85 5.10 -4.8 Under g roun d .............................. 52 59 -11.9 7 , 433 7 , 451 -0.2 3.52 3.54 -0.8 Surface....................................... 84 87 -3.4 5 , 396 5 , 240 3.0 6.76 7.35 -8.0 Illinois Basin..............................
. 106 114 -7.0 9 , 794 9 , 784 0.1 4.04 4.07 -0.7 Under g roun d .............................. 49 56 -12.5 7 , 264 7 , 337 -1.0 3.56 3.57 -0.3 Surface....................................... 57 58 -1.7 2 , 530 2 , 447 3.4 5.39 5.49 -1.8 Western Total..............................
. 71 74 -4.1 14 , 490 14 , 550 -0.4 20.40 20.19 1.0 Under g roun d .............................. 30 31 -3.2 4 , 329 4 , 266 1.5 6.73 6.77 -0.6 Surface....................................... 41 43 -4.7 10 , 161 10 , 284 -1.2 26.28 25.70 2.3 Powder River Basin..................
. 18 18 - 6 , 399 5 , 852 9.3 35.30 37.57 -6.0 Under g roun d .............................. - - - - - - - - - Surface....................................... 18 18 - 6 , 399 5 , 852 9.3 35.30 37.57 -6.0 Uinta Re g ion..............................
. 28 31 -9.7 4 , 165 4 , 182 -0.4 6.76 7.11 -4.9 Under g roun d .............................. 24 26 -7.7 3 , 668 3 , 657 0.3 6.60 6.92 -4.7 Surface....................................... 4 5 -20.0 497 525 -5.3 7.97 8.41 -5.2 East of Miss. River......................
. 1 , 739 1 , 815 -4.2 63 , 825 65 , 594 -2.7 3.27 3.29 -0.7 Under g roun d .............................. 762 823 -7.4 42 , 225 43 , 095 -2.0 3.03 3.06 -1.0 Surface....................................... 977 992 -1.5 21 , 600 22 , 499 -4.0 3.73 3.74 -0.3 West of Miss. River.....................
. 100 105 -4.8 17 , 348 17 , 279 0.4 18.23 18.33 -0.5 Under g roun d .............................. 33 34 -2.9 4 , 498 4 , 380 2.7 6.52 6.62 -1.4 Surface....................................... 67 71 -5.6 12 , 850 12 , 899 -0.4 22.36 22.27 0.4 Subtotal........................................
. 1 , 839 1 , 920 -4.2 81 , 173 82 , 873 -2.1 6.27 6.27 0.1 Under g roun d .............................. 795 857 -7.2 46 , 723 47 , 475 -1.6 3.34 3.37 -0.6 Surface....................................... 1 , 044 1 , 063 -1.8 34 , 450 35 , 398 -2.7 10.25 10.19 0.6 Refuse Recover y .......................... . 20 15 33.3 105 86 22.1 5.77 4.33 33.3 U.S. Total.....................................
. 1 , 859 1 , 935 -3.9 81 , 278 82 , 959 -2.0 6.27 6.26 0.1

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 2 Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant or preparation plant only processing both underground and surfa ce coal are reported as two operations. 3 Includes all employees engaged in production, preparation, proc essing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers.

4 Calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparati on, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. - = No data are reported. Note:  Excludes preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours per year, which are not required to provide data. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 45 

## Table 22. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by St ate and Mining Method, 2007 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour) Coal-Producing State and Region 1 Continuous 2 Conventional and Other 3 Longwall 4 Total
Alabama...................................................

. 0.84 - 2.15 2.09 Arkansas ..................................................

. 0.41 - - 0.41 Colorado ..................................................

. 3.66 - 7.57 7.37 Illinois......................................................

. 3.76 - 3.06 3.49 Indiana .....................................................

. 3.22 - - 3.22 KentuckyTotal ........................................

. 2.71 2.12 2.11 2.70 Eastern ...................................................

. 2.32 2.12 2.11 2.31 Western..................................................

. 3.86 - - 3.86 Mary lan d

.................................................. . 2.09 - - 2.09 Montana...................................................

. 1.46 - - 1.46 N ew Mexico ............................................

. - - 9.59 9.11 Ohio .........................................................

. 3.72 3.46 5.40 4.80 Oklahoma.................................................

. 2.65 - - 2.65 Penns y lvania Total ..................................

. 3.05 0.40 5.00 4.41 Anthracite ..............................................

. 0.78 0.40 - 0.70 Bituminous ............................................

. 3.20 - 5.00 4.50 Tennessee.................................................

. 1.92 - - 1.92 Utah .........................................................

. 1.99 - 6.13 5.81 Vir g inia....................................................

. 2.14 - 3.24 2.28 West Vir g inia Total .................................

. 2.40 - 3.63 2.82 Northern.................................................

. 2.60 - 4.61 4.05 Southe r n.................................................
. 2.38 - 1.99 2.31 W y omin g
................................................. . - - 6.47 6.47 A pp alachian Total .................................
. 2.39 2.63 3.88 2.92 Northern................................................

. 2.92 3.03 4.90 4.31 Central ..................................................

. 2.31 2.12 2.22 2.30 Southern................................................

. 0.84 - 2.15 2.09 Interior Total .........................................
. 2.72 - 3.06 2.76 Illinois Basin.........................................

. 3.68 - 3.06 3.57 Western Total.........................................
. 2.55 - 7.04 6.74 Powder River Basin..............................

. - - - - Uinta Re g ion.........................................

. 2.30 - 6.82 6.60 East of Miss. River.................................
. 2.68 2.63 3.80 3.04 West of Miss. River................................
. 2.12 - 7.04 6.53 U.S. Total................................................
. 2.67 2.63 4.51 3.36

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 3 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using short wall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method.

4 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mini ng and 20 percent continuous mining. - = No data are reported. Note:  For each State, stand alone preparation plant hours are distributed across mining methods by the proportion of production for all stand alone mines. Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total di rect labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, proce ssing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,0 00 short tons of coal and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 46 

## Table 23. Coal MiningProductivity by State, Mine Type , and Mine Production Range, 2007 (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) Mine Production Range (Thousand Short Tons) Coal-Producing State, Region 1 , and Mine Type 1,000 and Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Total 2

Alabama......................................................
. 2.19 2.86 3.10 2.46 1.25 1.09 0.09 2.23 Under g roun d

............................................. . 2.19 - - 1.15 0.66 - 0.01 2.08 Surface......................................................

. - 2.86 3.10 2.64 1.46 1.09 1.04 2.49 Alaska .........................................................
. 5.83 - - - - - - 5.83 Surface......................................................

. 5.83 - - - - - - 5.83 Arizona .......................................................
. 7.92 - - - - - - 7.92 Surface......................................................

. 7.92 - - - - - - 7.92 Arkansas.....................................................
. - - - - 0.41 - 1.65 0.42 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - - - 0.41 - - 0.41 Surface......................................................

. - - - - - - 1.65 1.65 Colorado .....................................................
. 7.67 - 5.26 - - - 1.03 7.51 Under g roun d

............................................. . 7.59 - 3.68 - - - 1.03 7.36 Surface......................................................

. 7.95 - 9.31 - - - - 8.05 Illinois .........................................................
. 3.76 4.35 3.94 - - 1.59 - 3.67 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3.62 3.25 3.45 - - 0.67 - 3.48 Surface......................................................

. 5.22 6.77 4.67 - - 11.13 - 4.95 Indiana........................................................
. 4.63 5.68 4.41 - - 1.81 - 4.55 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3.23 4.49 1.77 - - - - 3.18 Surface......................................................

. 5.85 6.22 5.94 - - 1.81 - 5.60 Kansas.........................................................
. - - 4.02 - - - - 3.25 Surface......................................................

. - - 4.02 - - - - 3.25 Kentucky Total ..........................................
. 4.23 3.21 3.42 2.74 2.10 2.08 1.07 2.97 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3.87 2.69 2.89 2.49 1.80 1.70 0.89 2.69 Surface......................................................

. 5.60 4.44 4.01 3.10 2.78 2.53 1.20 3.53 Eastern......................................................
. 4.16 3.17 3.40 2.70 2.06 2.06 1.08 2.75 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3.16 2.71 2.86 2.49 1.80 1.70 0.89 2.31 Surface......................................................

. 5.55 4.28 3.99 3.01 2.70 2.49 1.21 3.45 Western.....................................................
. 4.28 3.82 4.34 4.67 3.62 4.70 0.66 3.96 Under g roun d

............................................. . 4.21 2.28 4.09 - - - - 3.86 Surface......................................................

. 6.08 6.14 4.64 4.67 3.62 4.70 0.66 4.83 Louisiana ....................................................
. 6.11 5.90 - - - - - 6.08 Surface......................................................

. 6.11 5.90 - - - - - 6.08 Mar y land ....................................................
. - - 3.44 4.89 2.65 2.03 1.80 2.80 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - 3.18 - - - - 2.09 Surface......................................................

. - - 3.61 4.89 2.65 2.03 1.80 3.19 Mississi pp i ..................................................
. 9.99 - - - - - - 9.99 Surface......................................................

. 9.99 - - - - - - 9.99 Missouri ......................................................
. - - - 6.38 8.90 - - 6.96 Surface......................................................

. - - - 6.38 8.90 - - 6.96 Montana......................................................
. 22.64 - 15.49 - - 1.46 - 22.20 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - - - - 1.46 - 1.46 Surface......................................................

. 22.64 - 15.49 - - - - 22.55 New Mexico ................................................
. 9.69 - - - - - - 9.03 Under g roun d

............................................. . 9.59 - - - - - - 9.11 Surface......................................................

. 9.73 - - - - - - 9.00 North Dakota .............................................
. 15.77 - - - - - - 15.70 Surface......................................................

. 15.77 - - - - - - 15.70 Ohio.............................................................
. 5.30 3.64 4.27 2.70 1.77 1.87 0.70 4.05 Under g roun d

............................................. . 5.30 4.44 4.37 2.21 - 1.83 - 4.76 Surface......................................................

. - 3.46 4.20 2.77 1.77 1.88 0.70 3.01 Oklahoma ...................................................
. - - 3.44 1.86 2.15 0.43 0.11 2.78 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - 3.46 - - 0.43 - 2.65 Surface......................................................

. - - 3.42 1.86 2.15 - 0.11 2.85 Penns y lvania Total ....................................
. 5.10 3.43 3.97 2.25 2.31 1.88 1.46 3.73 Under g roun d

............................................. . 5.10 4.03 3.73 1.94 3.24 1.02 0.59 4.39 Surface......................................................

. - 2.21 4.22 2.48 2.26 1.92 1.68 2.20 Anthracite.................................................
. - - 4.95 1.48 1.44 1.21 1.18 0.89 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - - 1.48 - 1.02 0.50 0.68 Surface......................................................

. - - 4.95 - 1.44 1.23 1.63 0.94 Bituminous ...............................................
. 5.10 3.43 3.93 2.31 2.98 2.38 1.73 4.05 Under g roun d

............................................. . 5.10 4.03 3.73 2.04 3.24 - 2.17 4.50 Surface......................................................

. - 2.21 4.17 2.48 2.95 2.38 1.72 2.67 Tennessee....................................................
. - 2.30 2.37 2.36 1.80 3.10 4.48 2.10 Under g roun d

............................................. . - - 2.22 2.36 1.77 1.49 - 1.92 Surface......................................................

. - 2.30 2.49 - 1.81 3.76 4.48 2.21 Texas ...........................................................
. 8.82 - - - - - - 8.82 Surface......................................................

. 8.82 - - - - - - 8.82 Utah.............................................................
. 6.63 4.68 2.16 - - - - 5.79 Under g roun d

............................................. . 6.63 4.68 2.16 - - - - 5.81
See footnotes at end of table.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 47 

## Table 23. Coal Mining Pr oductivity by State, Mine Type, and MineProduction Range, 2007 (Continued) (Short Tons Coal Produced per Employee per Hour) Mine Production Range (Thousand Short Tons) Coal-Producing State, Region 1 , and Mine Type 1,000 and Greater 500 to 1,000 200 to 500 100 to 200 50 to 100 10 to 50 Less Than 10 Total 2

Utah (continued) Surface......................................................

. - - - - - - - - Vir g inia.......................................................
. 3.25 3.11 3.15 2.24 2.55 1.69 0.93 2.47 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3.25 3.07 2.56 2.09 2.38 1.68 0.82 2.25 Surface......................................................

. - 3.25 3.59 2.85 3.04 1.73 1.05 2.96 West Vir g inia Total ...................................
. 4.50 3.30 3.07 2.37 1.53 1.70 0.69 3.32 Under g roun d

............................................. . 4.01 2.73 2.79 2.17 1.35 1.44 0.78 2.82 Surface......................................................

. 5.10 4.85 4.21 3.71 2.27 2.22 0.65 4.25 Northern ...................................................
. 4.82 4.00 3.67 3.53 0.66 1.51 0.78 4.08 Under g roun d

............................................. . 4.71 3.75 3.52 2.97 0.30 1.10 1.59 4.05 Surface......................................................

. 5.73 5.43 4.51 3.91 3.10 2.15 0.55 4.26 Southern ...................................................
. 4.35 3.22 2.99 2.32 2.16 1.74 0.66 3.10 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3.16 2.60 2.68 2.15 2.22 1.50 0.60 2.30 Surface......................................................

. 5.05 4.82 4.19 3.66 1.95 2.23 0.69 4.25 W y omin g ..................................................... . 33.75 - - 4.69 - - 0.35 33.30 Under g roun d

............................................. . 6.47 - - - - - - 6.47 Surface......................................................

. 34.66 - - 4.69 - - 0.35 34.19 A pp alachian Total .....................................
. 4.32 3.23 3.32 2.47 1.94 1.85 1.13 3.10 Under g roun d

............................................. . 4.00 2.88 2.92 2.21 1.71 1.59 0.69 2.91 Surface......................................................

. 5.17 3.91 3.83 2.87 2.27 2.06 1.34 3.44 Northern ...................................................
. 5.01 3.59 3.94 2.48 1.65 1.85 1.35 3.87 Under g roun d

............................................. . 4.98 3.97 3.76 2.03 0.48 1.25 0.68 4.29 Surface......................................................

. 5.73 3.02 4.15 2.70 2.28 1.94 1.49 2.76 Central ......................................................
. 4.23 3.17 3.17 2.47 2.16 1.90 1.01 2.86 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3.17 2.70 2.72 2.26 2.00 1.63 0.83 2.29 Surface......................................................

. 5.13 4.30 3.84 3.10 2.57 2.37 1.14 3.74 Southern ...................................................
. 2.19 2.86 3.10 2.46 1.25 1.09 0.09 2.23 Under g roun d

............................................. . 2.19 - - 1.15 0.66 - 0.01 2.08 Surface......................................................

. - 2.86 3.10 2.64 1.46 1.09 1.04 2.49 Interior Total .............................................
. 5.20 4.83 3.98 3.68 1.54 1.35 0.50 4.85 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3.77 3.28 3.21 - 0.41 0.52 - 3.52 Surface......................................................

. 7.47 6.28 4.56 3.68 3.14 3.32 0.50 6.76 Illinois Basin.............................................
. 4.18 4.79 4.20 4.67 3.62 2.10 0.66 4.04 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3.77 3.28 3.14 - - 0.67 - 3.56 Surface......................................................

. 5.76 6.31 5.25 4.67 3.62 3.32 0.66 5.39 Western Total.............................................
. 21.30 4.68 4.11 4.69 - 1.46 0.93 20.40 Under g roun d

............................................. . 7.30 4.68 2.76 - - 1.46 1.03 6.73 Surface......................................................

. 26.79 - 10.77 4.69 - - 0.35 26.28 Powder River Basin.................................
. 35.72 - - - - - - 35.30 Surface......................................................

. 35.72 - - - - - - 35.30 Uinta Re g ion.............................................
. 7.22 4.68 3.12 - - - - 6.76 Under g roun d

............................................. . 7.11 4.68 2.47 - - - - 6.60 Surface......................................................

. 7.95 - 14.53 - - - - 7.97 East of Miss. River.....................................
. 4.31 3.39 3.36 2.48 1.96 1.86 1.12 3.27 Under g roun d

............................................. . 3.92 2.92 2.93 2.21 1.71 1.57 0.69 3.03 Surface......................................................

. 5.42 4.27 3.89 2.90 2.30 2.08 1.33 3.73 West of Miss. River....................................
. 19.37 5.17 3.86 3.37 1.11 0.83 0.68 18.23 Under g roun d

............................................. . 7.30 4.68 2.92 - 0.41 0.83 1.03 6.52 Surface......................................................

. 23.17 5.90 5.18 3.37 2.81 - 0.40 22.36 Subtotal.......................................................
. 9.59 3.41 3.38 2.49 1.92 1.84 1.11 6.27 Under g roun d

............................................. . 4.42 2.93 2.93 2.21 1.63 1.54 0.70 3.34 Surface......................................................

. 16.34 4.28 3.94 2.92 2.31 2.08 1.32 10.25 Refuse Recover y ......................................... . - - 15.26 6.91 8.06 4.51 0.39 5.77 U.S. Total....................................................
. 9.59 3.41 3.39 2.53 1.95 1.85 1.09 6.27

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. 2 Includes all employees at preparation plan ts and tipples not co-located with a mine. - = No data are reported. Note:  Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total labor hours worked by all employees engaged in produ ction, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes preparation plant s with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 48 

## Table 24. Coal Mining Pr oductivity by State, Mine Type, and Union Status, 2007 (Short Tons Produced per Employee per Hour)
Union Nonunion Coal-Producing State and Region 1 Underground Surface Underground Surface
Alabama................................................ 2.15 - 0.74 2.49 Alaska ................................................... - 5.83 - - Arizona ................................................. - 7.92 - - Arkansas ............................................... - - 0.41 - Colorado ............................................... 4.93 6.81 7.57 8.83 Illinois................................................... 3.06 - 3.71 5.48 Indiana .................................................. - - 3.18 5.60 Kansas................................................... - - - 3.25 KentuckyTotal ..................................... 3.18 3.29 2.66 3.57 Eastern ................................................ 2.09 3.29 2.32 3.48 Western............................................... 3.50 - 3.96 4.85 Louisiana .............................................. - - - 6.08 Mary lan d ............................................... - - 2.09 3.23 Mississi pp i............................................ - - - 9.99 Missouri................................................ - - - 6.96 Montana................................................ - 18.40 1.46 37.36 N ew Mexico ......................................... 9.11 8.81 - 9.45 N orth Dakota ........................................ - 13.13 - 16.68 Ohio ...................................................... 3.74 - 5.37 3.10 Oklahoma.............................................. - - 2.65 2.89 Penns y lvania Total ............................... 3.97 0.93 4.77 2.41 Anthracite ........................................... - 0.63 0.71 1.03 Bituminous ......................................... 3.98 1.78 4.94 2.75 Tennessee.............................................. - - 1.92 2.20 Texas..................................................... - 8.94 - 8.63 Utah ...................................................... 4.53 - 6.32 - Vir g inia................................................. 1.67 1.68 2.35 3.03 West Vir g inia Total .............................. 3.30 4.21 2.58 4.27 Northern.............................................. 4.51 - 3.12 4.31 Southern.............................................. 1.55 4.21 2.49 4.27 W y omin g .............................................. 6.47 8.58 - 36.36 A pp alachian Total .............................. 3.13 3.34 2.82 3.48 Northern............................................. 4.21 0.89 4.40 2.95 Centr al ............................................... 1.61 3.97 2.39 3.74 Southern............................................. 2.15 - 0.72 2.49 Interior Total ...................................... 3.21 8.62 3.61 6.17 Illinois Basin...................................... 3.21 - 3.67 5.49 Western Total...................................... 6.20 11.11 6.96 32.37 Powder River Basin........................... - 18.45 - 37.36 Uinta Re g ion...................................... 4.61 6.72 7.06 8.65 East of Miss. River.............................. 3.14 3.23 2.99 3.79 West of Miss. River............................. 6.20 10.41 6.65 28.31 U.S. Total............................................. 3.41 8.41 3.32 10.69

1 For a definition of coal producing regions, see Glossary. - = No data are reported. Note:  Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged i n production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair shop, or yard work at mining operations, including office workers. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons of coal and preparation plants with less than 5,000 employee hours during the year, which are not required to provide data. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 49

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 50 

# Domestic Markets

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 51 

## Table 25. Coal Consumers in the Ma nufacturing and Coke Sectors, 2007

Company Name Plant Location

Top Ten Manufacturers
Alcoa Inc ( Aluminum Com p an yof America ) ( IN )( TX ) Archer Daniels Midland ( IA )( IL )( MN )( ND ) Car g ill Incorp orated ( AL ) ( GA )( IA )( MI )( NC )( NY )( OH )( TN ) Carmeuse Lime Inc ( AL )( IL )( IN )( KY )( MI )( OH )( PA ) Dakota Gasification Com p an y ( ND ) Eastman Chemical Com p an y ( TN ) Geor g ia-Pacific Consumer Products LP ( AL )( GA )( OK )( VA )( WI ) International Pa p er Co ( AL )( FL )( GA )( IN )( LA )( NC )( SC )( VA ) Lafar g e North America ( AL )( IA )( IL )( KS )( MI )( MO )( NY )( OK )( PA )( SC )( WA ) Mittal Steel USA ( IN ) Other Major Manufacturers
Abitibi Consolidated Sales Corp ( AZ ) Amal g amated Su g ar Co , LLC ( ID ) American Cr y stal Su g ar Co ( MN )( ND ) Ash Grove Cement Co ( AR )( KS )( MT )( NE )( UT ) Blue Rid g e Pa p er Prod Inc ( NC ) Bowater News p rint ( AL )( TN ) Buzzi Unicem USA ( IL )( IN )( KS )( MO )( OK )( TX ) California Portland Cement Co ( AZ )( CA ) Celanese Ltd ( TX ) Cemex Inc ( CO )( KY )( PA )( TN ) Central Power & Lime Inc ( FL ) Corn Products International ( IL )( NC ) ESSROC Materials Inc ( IN )( MD )( PA ) Eastman Kodak Com p an y ( NY ) FMC Cor p oration ( WY ) General Chemical Corp oration ( WY ) Holcim ( US ) Inc ( AL )( CO )( IA )( MI )( MS )( SC )( UT ) IMC Chemical Co ( CA ) International Steel Grou p Inc ( IN )( MD ) Kennecott Utah Co pp e r ( UT ) Lehi g h Cement Co ( AL )( IA )( IN )( MD )( PA ) Meadwestvaco Cor p oration ( VA ) N ewPa g e Corp oration ( MD )( MI )( SC ) N orth American Business Services ( NABS ) ( AL )( CO )( IA )( MI )( MS )( SC )( UT ) PPG Industries Inc ( WV ) Silver Ba yPower Com p an y ( MN ) Smurfit Stone Container Cor p ( FL )( MI )( SC )( VA ) Stora Enso North America ( WI ) TXI O p erations , LP ( TX ) Tate and L y le In g redients Americas Inc ( IL )( IN )( TN ) Top Ten Coke Producers
AK Steel Cor p ( KY )( OH ) DTE Ener gyServices ( MI ) Drummond Com p an y Inc ( AL ) Jewell Coke Com p an y ( IN )( VA ) Mittal Steel USA ( IN ) Mountain State Carbon ( WV ) Sloss Industries ( AL ) Sun Coke Com p an y ( IN )( OH )( VA ) United States Steel Corp oration ( IL )( IN )( PA ) Wheelin g -Pittsb u r g h Steel Corp oration ( WV ) - = No data are reported. Note:  Major manufactures are the top 40 coal consumers in the manufacturi ng sector. Major coke producers are the top 10 coal consumers in the coke plant sector. Manufacturers and coke producers are listed in alphabetical order. Source:  Energy Information Administration, Manufacturers: Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing Pl ants;" and, Coke Plants: Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 52 

## Table 26. U.S. Coal Consumptio n by End Use Sector, by Census Division and State, 2007, 2006 (Thousand Short Tons)
2007 2006 Total Census Division

and State Electric Power 1 Other Industrial Coke Residential and Commercial Electric Power 1 Other Industrial Coke Residential and Commercial 2007 2006 Percent Change
New En g land .......................
. 8 , 818 197 - 36 8 , 775 W - W 9 , 051 8 , 991 0.7 Connecticut......................... 1 , 936 - - W 2 , 245 - - W W W -13.8 Maine.................................. 136 W - W 147 W

- W 251 259 -2.8 Massachusetts..................... 5 , 120 W - W 4 , 750 W

- W 5 , 229 4 , 843 8.0 New Ham p shire.................. 1 , 625 - - W 1 , 634 - - W W W -0.6 Rhode Islan d ....................... - - - W

--- W W W -20.5 Vermont.............................. - - - W

--- W W W 22.7 Middle Atlantic ...................
. 69 , 995 3 , 645 W 852 69 , 988 W W W W 81 , 776 W New Jerse y .......................... 4 , 669 - - W 4 , 635 W

- W W 4 , 642 W New York ........................... 9 , 613 1 , 020 W 132 9 , 417 1 , 109 W 140 W W 1.0 Penns y lvania....................... 55 , 712 2 , 625 W 717 55 , 936 2 , 792 W 624 W W -0.7 East North Central .............
. 237 , 049 14 , 715 10 , 486 707 231 , 753 14 , 657 11 , 100 338 262 , 957 257 , 848 2.0 Illinois................................. 56 , 488 3 , 673 W 162 53 , 939 3 , 608 W 134 W W 4.4 Indiana ................................ 60 , 756 5 , 662 W 175 60 , 582 5 , 567 W 57 W W -0.3 Michi g an............................. 36 , 574 1 , 744 W 173 34 , 926 1 , 793 W 9 W W 4.7 Ohio .................................... 59 , 452 1 , 874 W 142 58 , 604 1 , 931 W 110 W W 1.4 Wisconsin ........................... 23 , 780 1 , 762 - 56 23 , 702 1 , 758 - 29 25 , 598 25 , 488 0.4 West North Central ............
. 147 , 667 12 , 829 - 850 146 , 530 13 , 006 - 721 161 , 346 160 , 257 0.7 Iowa .................................... 23 , 019 3 , 009 - 323 21 , 236 3 , 067 - 304 26 , 351 24 , 607 7.1 Kansas................................. 22 , 780 241 - - 20 , 874 237 - s 23 , 020 21 , 110 9.0 Minnesota ........................... 19 , 178 1 , 354 - 64 19 , 573 1 , 271 - 91 20 , 596 20 , 935 -1.6 Missouri.............................. 44 , 094 1 , 086 - 196 45 , 603 1 , 065 - 217 45 , 376 46 , 884 -3.2 Nebraska ............................. 12 , 267 427 - 5 12 , 881 420 - 5 12 , 700 13 , 307 -4.6 North Dakota ...................... 24 , 639 W - W 24 , 298 W

- W 31 , 341 31 , 073 0.9 South Dakota ...................... 1 , 691 W - W 2 , 064 W

- W 1 , 964 2 , 340 -16.1 South Atlantic .....................
. 185 , 881 W W W 178 , 746 W W W 198 , 209 191 , 052 3.7 Delaware............................. 2 , 462 W - W 2 , 189 W

- W 2 , 566 2 , 291 12.0 District of Columbia........... - - - W - - - - W

- W Florida................................. 28 , 826 1 , 099 - 1 27 , 755 1 , 128 - s 29 , 925 28 , 883 3.6 Geor g ia ............................... 40 , 803 1 , 512 - 2 38 , 890 1 , 587 - - 42 , 317 40 , 477 4.5 Mar y lan d ............................. 11 , 884 1 , 221 - 36 11 , 638 1 , 259 - 42 13 , 142 12 , 939 1.6 North Carolina.................... 32 , 412 1 , 148 - 45 30 , 456 1 , 225 - 117 33 , 606 31 , 797 5.7 South Carolina.................... 16 , 524 1 , 270 - s 15 , 761 1 , 439 - 88 17 , 794 17 , 288 2.9 Vir g inia............................... 14 , 913 1 , 941 W 83 14 , 194 2 , 031 W 27 W W 3.9 West Vir g inia...................... 38 , 056 1 , 093 W 66 37 , 863 1 , 096 W 25 W W 1.9 East South Central .............
. 115 , 540 W W W 116 , 699 W W W 124 , 550 125 , 789 -1.0 Alabama.............................. 37 , 233 1 , 705 W 1 37 , 168 1 , 800 W 26 W W * Kentucky ............................. 41 , 064 1 , 347 W 136 41 , 938 1 , 322 W 131 W W -2.0 Mississi pp i.......................... 9 , 895 W - - 10 , 378 W - - W W -4.6 Tennessee............................ 27 , 348 2 , 993 - 71 27 , 216 3 , 018 - 41 30 , 413 30 , 275 0.5 West South Central ............
. 154 , 545 W - W 151 , 800 W - W 157 , 631 157 , 075 0.4 Arkansas ............................. 15 , 629 397 - 1 14 , 614 365 - s 16 , 028 14 , 979 7.0 Louisiana ............................ 15 , 453 W - W 16 , 337 W - - 15 , 524 W W Oklahoma............................ 20 , 547 747 - s 21 , 188 732 - 3 21 , 295 21 , 923 -2.9 Texas................................... 102 , 916 1 , 868 - s 99 , 661 4 , 102 - s 104 , 784 103 , 763 1.0 Mountain .............................
. 115 , 235 4 , 444 - 145 114 , 744 4 , 155 - 312 119 , 824 119 , 211 0.5 Arizona ............................... 21 , 189 712 - 1 20 , 506 740 - 1 21 , 903 21 , 247 3.1 Colorado ............................. 19 , 533 W - W 19 , 707 W

- W 19 , 779 20 , 059 -1.4 Idaho ................................... - 459 - 45 - 391 - 12 504 403 25.1 Montana.............................. 11 , 929 W - W 11 , 302 W

- W 12 , 041 11 , 531 4.4 Nevada................................ 3 , 447 W - W 3 , 488 W

- W 3 , 651 3 , 696 -1.2 New Mexico ....................... 15 , 959 W - W 16 , 961 W

- W 16 , 039 17 , 044 -5.9 Utah .................................... 16 , 593 911 - 23 16 , 609 680 - 35 17 , 526 17 , 324 1.2 W y omin g ............................ 26 , 585 1 , 738 - 59 26 , 170 1 , 685 - 51 28 , 382 27 , 906 1.7 Pacific...................................
. 10 , 412 2 , 123 - 474 7 , 600 2 , 134 - 559 13 , 008 10 , 294 26.4 Alaska ................................. 414 W - W 408 W

- W 889 968 -8.1 California............................ 961 1 , 818 - - 899 1 , 870 - 1 2 , 779 2 , 771 0.3 Hawaii................................. 778 W - - 720 W - - W W 9.2 Ore g on ................................ 2 , 577 W - -1 , 449 W - - W W 71.5 Washin g ton......................... 5 , 681 W - W 4 , 125 W

- W 5 , 818 4 , 219 37.9 U.S. Total.............................
. 1 , 045 , 141 56 , 615 22 , 715 3 , 526 1 , 026 , 636 59 , 472 22 , 957 3 , 227 1 , 127 , 998 1 , 112 , 292 1.4

1 The electric power sector (electric util ities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-an d-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants s Value is less than 0.05 of the table metric, but value is included in any associated total. * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Re port, Manufacturing Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Repo rt, Coke Plants," Form EIA-6A, "Coal Distribution Report," Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and, Form EIA-920, "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 53 

## Table 27. Year-End Coal Stocks by Sector, by Census Division, 2007, 2006 (Thousand Short Tons)
2007 2006 Total Census Division Electric Power 1 Other Industrial Coke Producer and Distributor Electric Power 1 Other Industrial Coke Producer and Distributor 2007 2006 Percent Change New En g land .......................
. 964 39 - - 1 , 471 W - - 1 , 003 W W Middle Atlantic ...................
. 5 , 147 389 W 2 , 558 6 , 702 421 W 3 , 277 W W -23.5 East North Central .............
. 39 , 382 1 , 632 1 , 186 1 , 556 39 , 551 1 , 941 1 , 785 3 , 169 43 , 755 46 , 446 -5.8 West North Central ............
. 26 , 827 1 , 267 - 1 , 806 20 , 455 1 , 539 - 712 29 , 900 22 , 706 31.7 South Atlantic .....................
. 28 , 221 750 W 5 , 218 27 , 742 883 W 8 , 119 W W -6.8 East South Central .............
. 12 , 585 370 W 6 , 371 12 , 357 466 W 6 , 139 W W 1.4 West South Central ............
. 23 , 144 421 - 2 , 675 17 , 628 406 - 3 , 033 26 , 240 21 , 068 24.6 Mountain .............................
. 13 , 631 524 - 13 , 588 12 , 752 443 - 11 , 944 27 , 743 25 , 139 10.4 Pacific...................................
. 1 , 320 232 - 205 2 , 305 358 - 154 1 , 756 2 , 817 -37.7 U.S. Total.............................
. 151 , 221 5 , 624 1 , 936 33 , 977 140 , 964 6 , 506 2 , 928 36 , 548 192 , 757 186 , 946 3.1

1 The electric power sector (electric util ities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only and combined-heat-an d-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public -- i.e. NAICS 22 plants. - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Stocks data for residential and commercial sector are not collec ted by EIA. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report," Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Rep ort, Manufacturing Plants," Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants," and Form EIA-6, "Coal Distribution Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 54 

# Average Mine Sales Price

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 55 

## Table 28. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Mine Type, 2007, 2006 (Dollars per Short Ton) 2007 2006 Percent Change Coal-Producing State Underground Surface Total Underground Sur face Total Underground Surface Total
Alabama........................................ 53.93 57.92 55.56 43.13 55.32 48.39 25.0 4.7 14.8 Alaska ........................................... - W W

- W W - W W Arizona ......................................... - W W

- W W - W W Arkansas ....................................... W - W W

- W W - W Colorado ....................................... W W 24.91 24.10 24.70 24.27 W W 2.6 Illinois........................................... 33.44 34.37 33. 60 30.86 32.78 31.17 8.4 4.8 7.8 Indiana .......................................... 33.84 26.79 28.79 33.70 24.66 27.27 0.4 8.7 5.6 Kansas........................................... - W W

- W W - W W KentuckyTotal ............................. 43.80 43.36 43.62 41.42 44.82 42.73 5.8 -3.3 2.1 Eastern ........................................ 49.80 44.67 47.27 46.88 46.46 46.68 6.2 -3.8 1.3 Western....................................... 33.27 28.75 32.67 30.52 24.29 29.76 9.0 18.4 9.8 Louisiana ...................................... - W W

- W W - W W Mary lan d

....................................... W W 33.02 W W 30.63 W W 7.8 Mississi pp i.................................... - W W

- W W - W W Missouri........................................ - W W

- W W - W W Montana........................................ W W 11.79 W W 10.42 W W 13.1 N ew Mexico ................................. W W 29.91 W W 29.15 W W 2.6 N orth Dakota ................................ - 11.56 11.56 - 10.70 10.70 - 8.0 8.0 Ohio .............................................. 28.32 30.17 28.79 26.72 28.93 27.40 6.0 4.3 5.1 Oklahoma...................................... W W 34.98 W W 30.75 W W 13.7 Penns y lvania Total ....................... 39.34 39.15 39.30 37.12 38.81 37.42 6.0 0.9 5.0 Anthracite ................................... W W 52.24 72.79 37.89 43.61 W W 19.8 Bituminous ................................. W W 39.04 36.99 38.90 37.30 W W 4.7 Tennessee...................................... 45.73 40.89 42.53 49.07 35.65 41.37 -6.8 14.7 2.8 Texas............................................. - 19.47 19.47 - 18.61 18.61 - 4.6 4.6 Utah .............................................. 25.69 - 25.69 24.98 - 24.98 2.9 - 2.9 Vir g inia......................................... 53.91 51.45 52.89 53.57 52.16 52.99 0.6 -1.4 -0.2 West Vir g inia Total ...................... 48.44 46.65 47.63 45.53 46.44 45.94 6.4 0.4 3.7 Northern...................................... 37.77 37.05 37.67 35.26 36.95 35.48 7.1 0.3 6.2 Southern...................................... 56.86 47.53 51.50 53.44 47.30 49.94 6.4 0.5 3.1 W y omin g ...................................... - 9.67 9.67 - 9.03 9.03 - 7.1 7.1 U.S. Total.....................................
. 40.29 19.41 26.20 38.28 18.88 25.16 5.3 2.8 4.1 - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Open market in cludes all coal sold on the open market to oth er coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales pric e is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines p roducing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slur ry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of co mponents because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 56 

## Table 29. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State and Underground Mining Method, 2007 (Dollars per Short Ton) Coal-Producing State Continuous 1 Conventional and Other 2 Longwall 3 Total
Alabama...................................................

. W

- W 53.93 Arkansas ..................................................

. W - - W Colorado ..................................................

. W

- W 25.11 Illinois......................................................

. W

- W 33.44 Indiana .....................................................

. 33.84 - - 33.84 KentuckyTotal ........................................

. 43.73 W W 43.80 Eastern ...................................................

. 49.91 W W 49.80 Western..................................................

. 33.27 - - 33.27 Mary lan d

.................................................. . W - - W Montana...................................................

. W - - W N ew Mexico ............................................

. - - W W Ohio .........................................................

. 28.83 W W 28.32 Oklahoma.................................................

. W - - W Penns y lvania Total ..................................

. 38.35 W W 39.34 Anthracite ..............................................

. W W - W Bituminous ............................................

. W

- W W Tennessee.................................................

. 45.73 - - 45.73 Utah .........................................................

. W

- W 25.69 Vir g inia....................................................

. W

- W 53.91 West Vir g inia Total .................................

. 54.06 - 42.02 48.44 Northern.................................................

. 39.20 - 37.58 37.77 Southern.................................................

. 55.68 - 64.20 56.86 W y omin g
................................................. . - - - - U.S. Total................................................
. 44.22 38.52 36.68 40.29

1 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by continuous mining methods. 2 Mines that produce greater than 50 percent of their coal by conventional mining methods or mines that produce coal using short wall, scoop loading, hand loading, or other methods or a 50/50 percent continuous conventional split in mining method.

3 Mines that have any production from longwall mining method. A typical longwall mining operation uses 80 percent longwall mini ng and 20 percent continuous mining. - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Open market in cludes all coal sold on the open market to oth er coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales pric e is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open marketcoal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slur ry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of co mponents because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 57 

## Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2007 (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) Coal-Producing State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price Alabama......................................................
. 47 19 , 350 55.56 Bibb ..........................................................

. 1 W W Cullman ....................................................

. 1 W W Franklin.....................................................

. 1 W W Jackson......................................................

. 3 W W Jefferson....................................................

. 10 3 , 572 68.38 Marion ......................................................

. 2 W W Shelb y
....................................................... . 4 309 63.79 Tuscaloosa ................................................

. 9 10 , 800 50.39 Walke r
...................................................... . 13 3 , 004 55.14 Winston.....................................................

. 3 W W Alaska .........................................................
. 1WW Yukon-Ko y ukuk Division ........................

. 1 W W Arizona .......................................................
. 1WW Nava j o.......................................................
. 1 W W Arkansas.....................................................
. 1WW Sebastian...................................................

. 1 W W Colorado .....................................................
. 11 34 , 410 24.91 Delta..........................................................

. 1 W W Garfiel d

..................................................... . 1 W W Gunnison...................................................

. 2 W W La Plata.....................................................

. 1 W W Moffat .......................................................

. 3 W W Montrose...................................................

. 1 W W Rio Blanco................................................

. 1-- Routt .........................................................

. 1 W W Illinois .........................................................
. 21 29 , 830 33.60 Gallatin .....................................................

. 1 W W Jackson......................................................

. 3 W W Macou p in..................................................

. 3 W W Perr y
.......................................................... . 4 1 , 498 34.66 Randol p h...................................................

. 1 W W Saline ........................................................

. 3 W W San g amon .................................................
. 1 W W Ve rmilio n..................................................
. 1 W W Wabash .....................................................

. 2 W W White ........................................................

. 1 W W Williamson ...............................................

. 1 W W Indiana........................................................
. 27 30 , 556 28.79 Daviess......................................................

. 2 W W Dubois.......................................................

. 1 W W Gibson.......................................................

. 7 12 , 260 28.42 Knox .........................................................

. 6 4 , 331 34.37 Pike ...........................................................

. 7 W W Sullivan.....................................................

. 1 W W Vi g o ..........................................................
. 2 W W Warric k

..................................................... . 1 W W Kansas.........................................................
. 2WW Bourbon ....................................................

. 1 W W Linn...........................................................

. 1 W W Kentucky ..................................................... . 357 112 , 655 43.62 Bell............................................................

. 17 3 , 740 48.42 Breathitt ....................................................

. 8 2 , 046 44.77 Cla y
........................................................... . 1-- Daviess......................................................

. 1 W W Flo y d.........................................................

. 38 4 , 682 41.91 Harlan .......................................................

. 48 10 , 474 46.50 Henderson.................................................

. 3 W W Ho p kins.....................................................

. 5 W W Jackson......................................................

. 2 W W Johnson .....................................................

. 5 W W Knott .........................................................

. 34 6 , 064 45.93 Knox .........................................................

. 5 W W Laurel........................................................

. 1 W W Lawrence ..................................................

. 4 W W Leslie ........................................................

. 13 4 , 619 43.94 Letche r
...................................................... . 28 4 , 440 46.54 Ma g offin ...................................................

. 6 W W Martin .......................................................

. 12 5 , 076 47.41
See footnotes at end of table.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 58 

## Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2007 (Continued) (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) Coal-Producing State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price Kentucky (continued) Mor g an......................................................
. 1 W W Muhlenber g
............................................... . 8 W W Owsle y
...................................................... . 2 W W Perr y
.......................................................... . 32 16 , 633 45.73 Pike ...........................................................

. 75 22 , 148 51.76 Union ........................................................

. 2 W W Webste r
..................................................... . 3 W W Whitle y
..................................................... . 3 W W Louisiana ....................................................
. 2WW De Soto .....................................................

. 1 W W Red Rive r
.................................................. . 1 W W Mar y land ....................................................
. 16 2 , 179 33.02 Alle g an y
.................................................... . 10 1 , 416 28.14 Garrett.......................................................

. 6 763 42.06 Mississi pp i ..................................................
. 1WW Choctaw....................................................

. 1 W W Missouri ......................................................
. 2WW Bates .........................................................

. 2 W W Montana......................................................
. 6 41 , 400 11.79 Bi g Horn ...................................................

. 3 W W Musselshell...............................................

. 1 W W Richlan d

.................................................... . 1 W W Rosebu d

.................................................... . 1 W W New Mexico ................................................
. 4 19 , 706 29.91 Mc Kinle y
.................................................. . 2 W W San Juan....................................................

. 2 W W North Dakota .............................................
. 4 25 , 770 11.56 McLean.....................................................

. 1 W W Merce r
....................................................... . 2 W W Olive r
........................................................ . 1 W W Ohio.............................................................
. 48 21 , 909 28.79 Athens.......................................................

. 1 W W Belmont ....................................................

. 6 W W Carroll.......................................................

. 2 W W Columbiana...............................................

. 3 W W Coshocton.................................................

. 1 W W Harrison ....................................................

. 9 2 , 056 34.29 Jackson......................................................

. 1 W W Jefferson....................................................

. 7 1 , 028 29.43 Mahonin g
.................................................. . 1 W W Monroe......................................................

. 1 W W Muskin g u m
............................................... . 1 W W Noble ........................................................

. 2 W W Perr y
.......................................................... . 4 1 , 580 28.38 Stark

.......................................................... . 4 W W Tuscarawas ...............................................

. 4 W W Vinton .......................................................

. 1 W W Oklahoma ...................................................
. 8 1 , 637 34.98 Crai g
......................................................... . 1 W W Haskell......................................................

. 1 W W Le Flore.....................................................

. 5 W W Nowata......................................................

. 1 W W Penns y lvania ..............................................
. 168 62 , 526 39.30 Alle g hen y
.................................................. . 3 W W Armstron g
................................................. . 18 4 , 217 36.03 Beave r
....................................................... . 1 W W Butle r
........................................................ . 2 W W Cambria ....................................................

. 9 733 47.67 Cameron....................................................

. 1 W W Centre........................................................

. 1 W W Clarion ......................................................

. 4 W W Clearfiel d

.................................................. . 22 4 , 064 41.70 Columbia ..................................................

. 2 W W El k

............................................................. . 5 W W Fa y ette ......................................................

. 7 W W Greene.......................................................

. 8 39 , 819 39.61 Indiana ......................................................

. 18 1 , 226 31.36 Jefferson....................................................

. 8 379 37.29 Lackawanna..............................................

. 2 W W Lawrence ..................................................

. 1 W W
See footnotes at end of table.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 59 

## Table 30. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by State, County, and Number of Mines, 2007 (Continued) (Thousand Short Tons, Dollars per Short Ton) Coal-Producing State and County Number of Mines Open Market Sales Average Open Market Sales Price Pennsylvania (continued) Luzerne .....................................................

. 6 248 71.74 L y comin g
.................................................. . 1 W W Merce r
....................................................... . 1 W W Northumberlan d

........................................ . 3 W W Schu y lkill..................................................

. 19 W W Somerset ...................................................

. 20 3 , 865 37.04 Venan g o....................................................
. 1 W W Washin g ton...............................................

. 3 W W Westmorelan d

........................................... . 2 W W Tennessee....................................................
. 15 2 , 621 42.53 Anderson...................................................

. 2 W W Cam p bell...................................................

. 4 W W Claiborne ..................................................

. 9 1 , 774 39.07 Texas ...........................................................
. 11 12 , 884 19.47 Atascosa....................................................

. 1-- Bastro p
...................................................... . 1-- Freestone...................................................

. 1-- Harrison ....................................................

. 1 W W Ho p kins.....................................................

. 1-- Leon..........................................................

. 1 W W Panola .......................................................

. 2-- Robertson..................................................

. 1 W W Rus k

.......................................................... . 1-- Titus..........................................................

. 1-- Utah.............................................................
. 10 18 , 908 25.69 Carbon ......................................................

. 5 10 , 305 27.31 Emer y
........................................................ . 4 W W Sevie r
........................................................ . 1 W W Vir g inia.......................................................
. 109 17 , 789 52.89 Buchanan ..................................................

. 36 5 , 995 57.50 Dickenson .................................................

. 13 767 49.11 Lee ............................................................

. 3 W W Russell ......................................................

. 8 W W Tazewell....................................................

. 6 W W Wise..........................................................

. 43 9 , 222 52.01 West Vir g inia .............................................
. 265 138 , 738 47.63 Barbou r
..................................................... . 5 W W Boone........................................................

. 42 31 , 879 51.93 Brooke ......................................................

. 2 W W Cla y
........................................................... . 3 W W Fa y ette ......................................................

. 20 5 , 833 51.08 Grant .........................................................

. 1 W W Greenbrie r
................................................. . 6 793 65.34 Harrison ....................................................

. 6 W W Kanawha ...................................................

. 18 11 , 159 49.31 Lincoln......................................................

. 3 W W Lo g an........................................................
. 21 11 , 301 42.36 Marion ......................................................

. 2 W W Marshall....................................................

. 2 W W Mason .......................................................

. 1 W W McDowell .................................................

. 43 4 , 319 62.05 Mineral......................................................

. 2 W W Min g o........................................................
. 25 9 , 469 53.48 Monon g alia...............................................

. 6 W W Nicholas....................................................

. 8 W W Preston ......................................................

. 1-- Ralei g h......................................................

. 19 6 , 944 59.67 Randol p h...................................................

. 2 W W Tucke r
....................................................... . 1 W W U p shu r
...................................................... . 2 W W Wa y ne.......................................................
. 5 W W Webste r
..................................................... . 5 W W W y omin g
.................................................. . 14 4 , 728 60.65 W y omin g ..................................................... . 19 375 , 775 9.67 Cam p bell...................................................

. 12 332 , 950 9.28 Carbon ......................................................

. 1 W W Converse ...................................................

. 1 W W Lincoln......................................................

. 1 W W Sweetwate r
............................................... . 4 3 , 658 16.72 U.S. Total....................................................
. 1 , 156 983 , 770 26.20 - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Open market in cludes all coal sold on the open market to oth er coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales pric e is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines p roducing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slur ry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of co mponents because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 60 

## Table 31. Average Open Market Sales Pr ice of Coal by State and Coal Rank, 2007 (Dollars per Short Ton) Coal-Producing State Bituminous Subbituminous Li gnite Anthracite Total
Alabama............................................. 55.56 - - - 55.56 Alaska ................................................ - W

- - W Arizona .............................................. W --- W Arkansas ............................................ W --- W Colorado ............................................ W W - - 24.91 Illinois................................................ 33.60 - - - 33.60 Indiana ............................................... 28.79 - - - 28.79 Kansas................................................ W --- W KentuckyTotal .................................. 43.62 - - - 43.62 Eastern ............................................. 47.27 - - - 47.27 Western............................................ 32.67 - - - 32.67 Louisiana ........................................... - - W

- W Mary lan d ............................................ 33.02 - - - 33.02 Mississi pp i......................................... - - W

- W Missouri............................................. W --- W Montana............................................. - W W - 11.79 N ew Mexico ...................................... W W - - 29.91 N orth Dakota ..................................... - - 11.56 - 11.56 Ohio ................................................... 28.79 - - - 28.79 Oklahoma........................................... 34.98 - - - 34.98 Penns y lvania Total ............................ 39.04 - - 52.24 39.30 Anthracite ........................................ - - - 52.24 52.24 Bituminous ...................................... 39.04 - - - 39.04 Tennessee........................................... 42.53 - - - 42.53 Texas.................................................. - - 19.47 - 19.47 Utah ................................................... 25.69 - - - 25.69 Vir g inia.............................................. 52.89 - - - 52.89 West Vir g inia Total ........................... 47.63 - - - 47.63 Northern........................................... 37.67 - - - 37.67 Southern........................................... 51.50 - - - 51.50 W y omin g
........................................... W W - - 9.67 U.S. Total..........................................
. 40.80 10.69 14.89 52.24 26.20 - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Open market in cludes all coal sold on the open market to oth er coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales pric e is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines p roducing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slur ry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of co mponents because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Healt h Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 61 

## Table 32. Average Open Market Sales Price of Coal by Mine Production Range and Mine Type, 2007 (Dollars per Short Ton) Mine Production Range

(thousand short tons) Underground Surface Total
Over 1 , 000 ...................................................

. 37.29 15.34 21.58 500 to 1 , 000.................................................

. 45.00 41.48 43.33 200 to 500 ....................................................

. 48.04 43.87 45.83 100 to 200 ....................................................

. 52.13 42.73 47.44 50 to 100 ......................................................

. 48.74 44.91 46.71 10 to 50 ........................................................

. 49.63 40.88 44.24 U.S. Total....................................................
. 40.29 19.41 26.20

Note:  Open market in cludes all coal sold on the open market to oth er coal companies or consumers. An average open market sales pric e is calculated by dividing the total free on board (f.o.b) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold by the total open market coal sold. Excludes mines p roducing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slur ry dam, and dredge operations. Totals may not equal sum of co mponents because of independent rounding. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 62 

## Table 33. Average Sales Price of U.S. Coal by State and Disposition, 2007 (Dollars per Short Ton) Coal-Producing State Open Market 1 Captive 2
Alabama........................................................................................

. 55.56 - Alaska ...........................................................................................

. W

- Arizona .........................................................................................

. W

- Arkansas .......................................................................................

. W

- Colorado .......................................................................................

. 24.91 W Illinois...........................................................................................

. 33.60 34.03 Indiana ..........................................................................................

. 28.79 34.83 Kansas...........................................................................................

. W

- KentuckyTotal .............................................................................

. 43.62 42.94 Eastern ........................................................................................

. 47.27 W Western.......................................................................................

. 32.67 W Louisiana ......................................................................................

. W W Mary lan d

....................................................................................... . 33.02 - Mississi pp i....................................................................................

. W

- Missouri........................................................................................

. W

- Montana........................................................................................

. 11.79 W N ew Mexico .................................................................................

. 29.91 W N orth Dakota ................................................................................

. 11.56 W Ohio ..............................................................................................

. 28.79 26.60 Oklahoma......................................................................................

. 34.98 W Penns y lvania Total .......................................................................

. 39.30 54.29 Anthracite ...................................................................................

. 52.24 W Bituminous .................................................................................

. 39.04 W Tennessee......................................................................................

. 42.53 - Texas.............................................................................................

. W 15.20 Utah ..............................................................................................

. 25.69 W Vir g inia.........................................................................................

. 52.89 60.83 West Vir g inia Total ......................................................................

. 47.63 52.78 Northern......................................................................................

. 37.67 49.52 Southern......................................................................................

. 51.50 53.92 W y omin g
...................................................................................... . 9.67 13.62 U.S. Total.....................................................................................
. 26.20 23.57

1 Open market includes coal so ld on the open market to other coal companies or consumers. 2 Captive includes all coal used by the producing company or sold to affiliated or parent companies. - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  An average open market sales price is calculated by dividi ng the total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value of the open market coal sold, by th e total open market coal sold. An average captive market sales price is calculated by dividing th e total free on board (f.o.b.) rail/barge value o f the captive marketcoal sold, by the total captive market coal sold. Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data. Excludes silt , culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations. Source:  Energy Information Administration Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," and U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 63 

# Average Consumer Prices

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 64 

## Table 34. Average Price of Coal Delivered to End Us e Sector by Census Divisi on and State, 2007, 2006 (Dollars per Short Ton)
2007 2006 Annual Percent Change Census Division

and State Electric Utility Plants Other Industrial

Plants Coke Plants Electric Utility Plants Other Industrial

Plants Coke Plants Electric Utility Plants Other Industrial

Plants Coke Plants
New En g land ...............................
. 75.92 92.45 - 67.59 W - 12.3 W - Connecticut................................ - - - - - - - - - Maine......................................... - W -- W - - -1.1 - Massachusetts............................ - W - 68.02 W - -100.0 18.2 - New Ham p shire......................... 75.92 - - 67.49 - - 12.5 - - Rhode Islan d .............................. - - - - - - - - - Vermont..................................... - - - - - - - - - Middle Atlantic ...........................
. 60.20 59.86 W 55.69 W W 8.1 W 9.8 New Jerse y ................................. 96.94 - - 74.36 W - 30.4 W

- New York .................................. 58.98 72.36 W 58.48 74.79 W 0.9 -3.3 -3.4 Penns y lvania.............................. - 54.81 W 39.35 52.46 W -100.0 4.5 10.5 East North Central .....................
. 34.42 59.04 99.20 33.03 56.98 99.48 4.2 3.6 -0.3 Illinois........................................ 27.44 37.49 W 25.16 36.95 W 9.1 1.5 -1.4 Indiana ....................................... 33.89 61.79 W 31.94 59.83 W 6.1 3.3 0.1 Michi g an.................................... 33.42 74.57 W 32.67 71.34 W 2.3 4.5 * Ohio ........................................... 39.56 68.75 W 39.92 64.81 W -0.9 6.1 0.7 Wisconsin .................................. 29.75 68. 39 - 26.14 64.32 - 13.8 6.3 - West North Central ....................
. 20.28 27.71 - 17.95 28.18 - 13.0 -1.7 - Iowa ........................................... 18.18 44.00 - 17.68 45.86 - 2.8 -4.1 - Kansas........................................ 21.12 50.87 - 20.54 48.04 - 2.8 5.9 - Minnesota .................................. 26.56 41.58 - 21.55 43.14 - 23.2 -3.6 - Missouri..................................... 23.38 47.30 - 19.46 45.72 - 20.1 3.5 - Nebraska .................................... 14.96 39.69 - 13.66 36.71 - 9.5 8.1 - North Dakota ............................. 13.02 W - 11.71 W - 11.2 2.0 - South Dakota ............................. 26.57 W - 25.81 W - 2.9 2.9 - South Atlantic .............................
. 57.89 W W 56.23 W W 2.9 -0.1 8.1 Delaware.................................... - W -- W - - -4.3 - District of Columbia.................. - - - - - - - - - Florida........................................ 61.13 82.60 - 61.22 84.16 - -0.1 -1.9 - Geor g ia ...................................... 57.09 81.24 - 52.59 83.85 - 8.6 -3.1 - Mar y lan d .................................... - 60.01 - - 58.84 - - 2.0 - North Carolina........................... 67.92 77.34 - 65.92 75.17 - 3.0 2.9 - South Carolina........................... 58.32 79.45 - 58.42 81.80 - -0.2 -2.9 - Vir g inia...................................... 59.81 69.95 W 59.88 67.13 W -0.1 4.2 -6.4 West Vir g inia............................. 43.80 66.80 W 41.85 67.95 W 4.7 -1.7 21.1 East South Central .....................
. 44.13 W W 41.53 W W 6.3 3.5 -3.7 Alabama..................................... 43.74 75.76 W 45.86 68.27 W -4.6 11.0 -1.7 Kentucky .................................... 41.49 70.01 W 40.29 70.68 W 3.0 -0.9 -6.7 Mississi pp i................................. 67.22 W - 54.62 W - 23.1 4.3 - Tennessee................................... 42.61 67.83 - 36.22 66.90 - 17.6 1.4 - West South Central ....................
. 26.00 W - 23.46 W - 10.8 47.1 - Arkansas .................................... 27.95 72.43 - 25.79 67.28 - 8.4 7.6 - Louisiana ................................... 34.25 W - 28.00 W - 22.3 -7.2 - Oklahoma................................... 20.22 40.26 - 18.96 38.59 - 6.6 4.3 - Texas.......................................... 26.53 53.57 - 24.00 32.65 - 10.5 64.1 - Mountain .....................................
. 27.25 41.68 - 24.80 38.28 - 9.9 8.9 - Arizona ...................................... 31.19 59.21 - 28.48 48.22 - 9.5 22.8 - Colorado .................................... 24.59 W - 25.18 W - -2.3 27.9 - Idaho .......................................... - 41.27 - - 40.57 - - 1.7 - Montana..................................... 14.77 W - 14.54 W - 1.6 2.7 - Nevada....................................... 41.97 W - 39.75 W - 5.6 6.3 - New Mexico .............................. 32.87 W - 29.01 W - 13.3 22.2 - Utah ........................................... 30.66 43.35 - 27.49 44.46 - 11.5 -2.5 - W y omin g ................................... 18.53 29.68 - 17.61 27.08 - 5.2 9.6 - Pacific...........................................
. 23.06 66.46 - 21.62 58.12 - 6.7 14.3 - Alaska ........................................ - - - - - - - - - California................................... - 66.58 - - 57.63 - - 15.5 - Hawaii........................................ - W -- W - - 7.7 - Ore g on ....................................... 23.06 W - 21.62 W - 6.7 7.8 - Washin g ton................................ - W -- W - - 4.7 - U.S. Total.....................................
. 36.06 54.42 94.97 34.26 51.67 92.87 5.3 5.3 2.3 * Absolute percentage less than 0.05. - = No data are reported. W = Data withheld to avoid disclosure. Note:  Includes manufacturing plants only. Source:  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants, Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-3, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Qualtiy Report, Manufacturing Plants," and Form EIA-5, "Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Coke Plants."

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 65 

# Glossary

American Indian Coal Lease : A lease granted to a mining company to produce co al from American Indian lands in exchange for royalties and other revenues; obtained by direct negotiation with Indian tribal authorities, but subject to approval and administration by the U.S. Department of the Interior.
Anthracite : The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial sp ace heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matterfree basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basi s (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btu per short ton or less. Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. Area (Surface) Mining : A method used on flat terrain to recover coal by mining long cuts or pits successively. The material excavated from the cut being mined is deposited in the cut previously mined. Auger Mine : A surface mine where coal is recovered through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a coalbed in a hillside. It us ually follows contour surface mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to excavate. Average Number of Employees : The arithmetic mean number of employees working each day at a mining operation. Includes maintenance, office, as well as production-related employees. Average Open Market Sales Price : The ratio of the total value of the open market sales of coal produced at the mine to the total open market sales tonnage. Average Production per Miner per Hour : The ratio of the total production at a mining operation to the total direct labor hours worked at the operation. Average Recovery Percentage : Average recovery percentage represents the percentage of coal that can be recovered from coal reserv es at reporting mines, averaged for all mines in th e reported geographic area. Bed, Coalbed : All the coal and partings lying between a roof and floor.
Bituminous Coal : A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands ofbright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steamelectric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat and power applications in manufacturing and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of bituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Capacity Utilization : Capacity utilization is computed by dividing production by productive capacity and multiplying by 100. Captive Coal : Coal produced and consumed by the mine operator, a subsidiary, or parent company (for example, steel companies and electric utilities).
Census Divisions : The nine geographic divisions of the United States established by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce for statistical analysis. The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific Noncontiguous areas. Central Appalachian Region: See Coal-Producing Regions.
CIF : See Cost, Insurance, Freight.
Coal : A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time.
Coal Carbonized : The amount of coal decomposed into solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air. Coal (coke): See Coke (coal).

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 66 

## Coal Mining Productivity : Coal mining productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all mine employees. Coal Preparation/Washing : The treatment of coal to reject waste. In its broadest sense, preparation is any processing of mined coal to prepare it for market, including crushing and screening or sieving the coal to reach a uniform size, which no rmally results in removal of some non-coal material. The term coal preparation most commonly refers to processing, including crushing and screening, passing the material through one or more processes to remove impurities, sizing the product, and loading for shipment. Many of the processes separate rock, clay, and other minerals from coal in a liquid medium; hence the term washing is widely used. In some cases coal passes through a drying step before loading. Coal-Producing Regions : A geographic classification of areas where coal is produced. Appalachian Region. Consists of Alabama, Eastern Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Northern Appalachian Region. Consists of Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Northern West Virginia. Central Appalachian Region. Consists of Eastern Kentucky, Virginia, Southern West Virginia, and the Tennessee counties of: Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, Overton, Pickett, Putnam, Roane, and Scott. Southern Appalachian Region: Consists of Alabama, and the Tennessee counties of: Bl edsoe, Coffee, Franklin, Grundy, Hamilton, Marion, Rhea, Sequatchie, Van Buren, Warren, and White. Interior Region (with Gulf Coast) . Consists of Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Western Kentucky.
Illinois Basin: Consists of Illinois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky. Western Region. Consists of Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
Powder River Basin: Consists of the Montana counties of Big Horn, Custer, Powder River, Rosebud, and Treasure and the Wyoming counties of Campbell, Converse, Crook, Johnson, Natrona, Niobrara, Sheridan, and Weston. Uinta Basin: Consists of the Colorado counties of Delta, Garfield, Gunnison, Mesa, Moffat, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, Routt and the Utah counties of Carbon, Duchesne, Emery, Grand, Sanpete, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, and Wasatch. Coal-Producing States : The States where mined and/or purchased coal originates are defined as follows: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky Eastern, Kentucky Western, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania anthracite, Pennsylvania bituminous, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia Northern, West Virginia Southern, and Wyoming. The following Coal-Producing States are split in origin of coal, as defined by: Kentucky, Eastern. All mines in the following counties in Eastern Kentucky: Bell, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Clay, Clinton, Elliot, Estill, Floyd, Greenup, Harlan, Jackson, Johnson, Knott, Knox, Laur el, Lawrence, Lee, Leslie, Letcher, Lewis, Magoffin, Martin, McCreary, Menifee, Morgan, Owsley, Perry, Pike, Powell, Pulaski, Rockcastle, Rowan, Wayne, Whitley, and Wolfe. Kentucky, Western. All mines in the following counties in Western Kentucky: Breckinridge, Butler, Caldwell, Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, Hancock, Hart, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Todd, Union, Warren, and Webster. Pennsylvania Anthracite. All mines in the following counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in Bradford County. Pennsylvania Bituminous . All mines located in the following counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Bedford, Butler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Elk, Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Jefferson, Lawrence, Lycoming, Somerset, Venango, Washington, and Westmoreland, and all bituminous mines in Bradford County. West Virginia, Northern. All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 1, 3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, Tyler, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood. West Virginia, Southern. All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as Coal-Producing Districts 7 & 8): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer,

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 67 

## Mingo, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming.
Coal Rank : The classification of coals according to their degree of progressive alteration from lignite to anthracite. In the United States, the standard ranks of coal include lignite, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, and anthracite and are based on fixed carbon, volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating (or caking) properties.
Coal Stocks : Coal quantities that are held in storage for future use and disposition. Note: When coal data are collected for a particular reporting period (month, quarter, or year), coal stocks are commonly measured as of the last day of this period.
Coalbed : A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal seam. Cogenerator : A generating facility that produces electricity and another form of useful thermal energy (such as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, heating, and cooling purposes. To receive status as a qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must produce electric energy and "another form of useful thermal energy through the sequential use of energy," and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal Regulation, Title 18, Part 292.) Coke (coal) : A solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short ton.
Coke Plants : Plants where coal is carbonized in slot or beehive ovens for the manufacture of coke. Coking Coal : Bituminous coal suitable for making coke. See Coke (coal). Continuous Mining : A form of room-and-pillar mining in which a continuous mi ning machine extracts and removes coal from the working face in one operation; no blasting is required. Conventional Mining : The oldest form of room-andpillar mining which consists of a series of operations that involve cutting the coalbed so it breaks easily when blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then loading the broken coal. Cost, Insurance, Freight (CIF) : A type of sale in which the buyer of the product agr ees to pay a unit price that includes the F.O.B. value of the product at the point of origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. This type of transaction differs fr om a "delivered" purchase in that the buyer accepts the quan tity as determined at the loading port (as certified by the Bill of Loading and Quality Report) rather than pay on the basis of the quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It is similar to the terms of an F.O.B. sale, except that the seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges for transportation and insurance.
Culm : Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.
Demonstrated Reserve Base : A collective term for the sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource categories of reliability which represents 100 percent of the coal in these categories in place as of a certain date. Includes beds of bituminous coal and anthracite 28 inches or more thick and beds of subbituminous coal 60 inches or more thick that occur at depths to 1 thousand feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 inches or more thick that can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that presently are being mined or for which there is evidence that they could be mined commercially at this time. Represents that portion of identified coal resources from which reserves are calculated.
Direct Labor Hours : Direct labor hours worked by all mining employees at a mining operation during the year. Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in production, preparation, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work, management, office workers, and technical or engineering work. Dredge Mining : A method of recovering coal from rivers or streams.
Drift Mine : An underground mine that has a horizontal or nearly horizontal entry driven along to a coalbed exposed in a hillside.
Electric Power Sector : The electric power sector (electric utilities and independent power producers) comprises electricity-only an d combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
Estimated Recoverable Reserves : See recoverable reserves.

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## F.O.B. Rail/Barge Price : The free on board price of coal at the point of first sale. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance costs.
Federal Coal Lease : A lease granted to a mining company to produce coal from land owned and administered by the Federal Go vernment in exchange for royalties and other revenues. Hand Loading : An underground loading method by which coal is removed from the working face by manual labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance to the surface.
Illinois Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions.
Indicated Resources : Coal for which estimates of the rank, quality, and quantity have been computed partly from sample analyses and measurements and partly from reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are computed partly from specifi ed measurements and partly from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of observation are 0.5 to 1.5 miles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend as a 0.5-mile-wide belt that lies more than 0.25 miles from the outcrop or points of observation or measurement.
Industrial Sector : The industrial sector is comprised of manufacturing industries which make up the largest part of the sector, along with mining, construction, agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the sector range from steel mills, to small farms, to companies assembling electronic components. Interior Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. Lignite : The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown coal, used almost excl usively as fuel for steamelectric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of lignite co nsumed in the United States averages 13 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Longwall Mining : An automated form of underground coal mining characterizedby high recovery and extraction rates, feasible only in relatively flat-lying, thick, and uniform coalbeds. A high-powered cutting machine is passed across th e exposed face of coal, shearing away broken coal, which is continuously hauled away by a floor-level conv eyor system. Longwall mining extracts all machine-minable coal between the floor and ceiling within a contiguous block of coal, known as a panel, leaving no support pillars within the panel area. Panel dimensions vary over time and with mining conditions but currently average about 900 feet wide (coal face width) and more th an 8,000 feet long (the minable extent of the panel, measured in direction of mining). Longwall mining is done under movable roof supports that are advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in the mined-out area is allowed to fall as the mining advances. Manufacturing (except coke plants) : Those industrial users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged in the mechanical or ch emical transformation of materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or semifinished) products. Includes coal used for gasification/liquifaction and coal used for coal synfuels.
Minable : Capable of being mined under current mining technology and environmental and legal restrictions, rules, and regulations. Mine Type : See Surface Mine an d Underground Mine. Northern Appalachian: See Coal-Producing Regions.
Number of Mines : The number of mines, or mines collocated with preparation plan ts or tipples, located in a particular geographic area (State or region). Number of Mining Operations : The number of mining operations includes preparation plants. Mining operations that consist of a mine and preparation plant, or a preparation plant only, will be counted as two operations if the preparation plant processes both underground and surface coal. Open Market Coal : Coal sold in the open market, i.e., coal sold to companies other than the reporting company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of the parent company. Operating Subsidiary : A company which is controlled through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small group of businesses as a separate and specific business or project for the mutual bene fit of the members of the group. Other Industrial Plant : Industrial users, not including coke plants, engaged in th e mechanical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in the agriculture, mining, or construction industries. Parent Company : A company which solely or jointly owns the reporting company and which is not itself a subsidiary of, or owned by, another company.

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## Percent Utilization : The ratio of total production to productive capacity, times 100.
Powder River Basin: See Coal-Producing Regions. Preparation Plant : A facility at which coal is crushed, screened, and mechan ically cleaned. Productive Capacity : The maximum amount of coal that a mining operation can produce or process during a period with the existing mining equipment and/or preparation plant in place, assuming that the labor and materials sufficient to utilize the plant and equipment are available, and that the mark et exists for the maximum production. Recoverability : In reference to accessible coal resources, the condition of being physically, technologically, and economically minable. Recovery rates and recovery factors may be determined or estimated for coal resources without certain knowledge of their economic minability; therefore, the availability of recovery rates or factors does not predict recoverability.
Recoverable Coal : Coal that is, or can be, extracted from a coal bed during mining. Recoverable Reserves at Producing Mines : The amount of in situ coal that can be recovered by mining existing reserves at mines reporting on Form EIA-7A. Recoverable Reserves, Estimated Recoverable Reserves : Reserve estimates (broad meaning) based on a demonstrated reserve base adjusted for assumed accessibility factors and recovery factors. The term is used by EIA to distinguish estimated recoverable reserves, which are derive d without specific economic feasibility criteria by fact oring (downward) from a demonstrated reserve base for one or more study areas or regions, from recoverable reserves at active mines, which are aggregated (upward) from reserve estimates reported by currently active, economica lly viable mines on Form EIA-7A.
Recoverable Reserves of Coal : An estimate of the amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the accessible reserves of the demonstrated reserve base. Recovery Factor : The percentage of total tons of coal estimated to be recoverable from a given area in relation to the total tonnage estimated to be in the demonstrated reserve base. For the purpose of calculating depletion factors only, the estimated recovery factors for the demonstrated reserve base generally are 50 percent for underground mining methods and 80 percent for surface mining methods. More precise recovery factors can be computed by determining the total coal in place and the total coal recoverable in any specific locale. Recovery Percentage : The percentage of coal that can be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines.
Refuse Bank : A repository for waste material generated by the coal cleaning process. Refuse Recovery : A surface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation. Remaining (Resources/Reserves) : The amount of coal in the ground after some mining, excluding coal in the ground spoiled or left in place for which later recovery is not feasible. Reserve(s) : Root meaning: The amount of in-situ coal in a defined area that can be recovered by mining at a sustainable profit at the time of determination. Broad meaning: That portion of the demonstrated reserve base that is estimated to be recoverable at the time of determination. The reserve is derived by applying a recovery factor to that component of the identified resources of coal designated as the demonstrated reserve base.
Residential and Commercial Sector : Housing units; wholesale and retail businesses (except coal wholesale dealers); health institutions (hospitals); social and educational institutions (schools and universities); and Federal, State, and local governments (military installations, prisons, office buildings). Royalties : Payments, in money or kind, of a stated share of production from mineral deposits, by the lessee to the lessor. Royalties may be an established minimum, a sliding-scale, or a step-scal e. A step-scale royalty rate increases by steps as the av erage production on the lease increases. A sliding-scale royalty rate is based on average production and applies to all production from the lease.
Run-of-mine : The raw coal recovered from a mine, prior to any treatment.
Salable Coal : The shippable product of a coal mine or preparation plant. Depending on customer specifications, salable coal may be run-of-m ine, crushed-and-screened (sized) coal, or the clean co al yield from a preparation plant.
Sales Volume : The reported output from Federal and/or Indian lands, the basis of royalties. It is approximately equivalent to production, which includes coal sold, and coal added to stockpiles.

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## Scoop Loading : An underground loading method by which coal is removed from the working face by a tractor unit equipped with a hydraulically operated bucket attached to the front; also called a front-end loader.
Seam : A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor. Equivalent term to bed, commonly used by industry.
Shaft Mine : An underground mine that reaches the coalbed by means of a vertical shaft. In addition to the passages providing entry to the coalbed, a network of other passages are also dug, some to provide access to various parts of the mine and some for ventilation.
Short Ton : A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds. Shortwall Mining : A form of underground mining that involves the use of a con tinuous mining machine and movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally more flexible because of the smaller working area. Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle cars as opposed to conveyors.
Silt : Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. Synonymous with culm. Silt, Culm Refuse Bank, or Slurry Dam Mining : A mining operation producing coal from these sources of coal. (See refuse recovery.) Slope Mine : An underground mine in which the entry is driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit. Slurry Dam : A repository for the silt or culm from a preparation plant. Southern Appalachian : See Coal-Produ cing Regions. Stocks : The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or utility at the end of the reporting period.
Subbituminous Coal : A coal whose properties range from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weight. The heat content of subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of subbituminous coal consumed in the UnitedStates averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the asreceived basis (i.e ., containing both i nherent moisture and mineral matter).
Surface Mine : A coal mine that is usually within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth and rock above or around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the coalbed, which is then mi ned with surface excavation equipment such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, loaders, and augers. Surf ace mines include: area, contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine. Tipple : A central facility used in loading coal for transportation by rail or truck. Uinta Region: See Coal-Producing Regions. Underground Mine : A mine where coal is produced by tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then mined with underground mining equipment such as cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and shortwall mining machines . Underground mines are classified according to the typeof opening used to reach the coal, i.e., drift (level tunn el), slope (inclined tunnel), or shaft (vertical tunnel). Underground Mining : The extraction of coal or its products from between enclosing rock strata by underground mining methods, such as room and pillar, longwall, and shortwall, or through in-situ gasification. Western Region: See Coal-Producing Regions.

## Energy Information Administration/Annual Coal Report 2007 71