IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2017-CP-00090-COA

MAC KENZIE WILLIS APPELLANT

v.

LT. WESTLEY, LT. BROOKS AND WARDEN

WENDELL BANKS

APPELLEES

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 12/27/2016

TRIAL JUDGE: HON. WILLIAM E. CHAPMAN III

COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: RANKIN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: MAC KENZIE WILLIS (PRO SE)

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

BY: DARRELL C. BAUGHN

NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - STATE BOARDS AND AGENCIES

DISPOSITION: REVERSED AND REMANDED: 04/10/2018

MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:

MANDATE ISSUED:

EN BANC.

GRIFFIS, P.J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. Mac Kenzie Willis appeals the circuit court’s dismissal of his complaint for lack of

jurisdiction. Because we find the circuit court had jurisdiction, we reverse and remand.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2. Willis is an inmate in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections

(MDOC). In January 2006, Willis was convicted of one count of unlawful touching of a

child and one count of statutory rape. He was sentenced to fifteen years for the unlawful

touching of a child and twenty years for statutory rape, with the sentences to run

concurrently, for a total of twenty years to serve in the custody of the MDOC. At all times
relevant to this appeal, Willis was housed at the Central Mississippi Correctional Facility in

Rankin County.

¶3. On September 12, 2016, Willis was issued a rule violation report (RVR) for the

possession of major contraband—electronic devices or parts, specifically a cell phone and

battery. A disciplinary hearing was held where the hearing officer, Latisha Brooks,1found

Willis guilty of possession of major contraband. As a result, Willis received an eighteenmonth loss of all privileges.

¶4. Willis appealed the hearing officer’s decision through the MDOC’s administrativeremedy program and claimed a violation of due process. Wendell Banks, a warden with the

MDOC, reviewed the appeal and found that Willis had received a fair and impartial hearing. 

As a result, Willis’s appeal was denied.

¶5. Willis exhausted his administrative remedies pursuant to Mississippi Code Annotated

section 47-5-803 (Rev. 2015) and received notice of the MDOC’s final decision on

November 10, 2016. On December 9, 2016, Willis filed a complaint for judicial review in

the Circuit Court ofRankinCountypursuantto Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-5-807

(Rev. 2015). The circuit court summarily dismissed the complaint for lack of jurisdiction on

December 27, 2016. Willis now appeals and argues he was denied his constitutional right

to due process.

1

 Willis claims both Lt. Westley and Lt. Brooks were employed with the MDOC as

disciplinary hearing officers. However, the RVR lists only Brooks as the hearing officer.

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ANALYSIS

¶6. The circuit court summarily dismissed the complaint for lack of jurisdiction. 

Jurisdictional issues are reviewed de novo. Miller v. Provident Advert. & Mktg. Inc., 155 So.

3d 181, 187 (¶15) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014). Additionally, “[t]he appellate standard of review

as to dismissal of actions on the pleadings is de novo.” Horton v. Epps, 20 So. 3d 24, 30

(¶15) (Miss. Ct. App. 2009).

¶7. The circuit court did not explain why it lacked jurisdiction. Further, the circuit court

did not specify whether it considered subject matter jurisdiction or personal jurisdiction. 

Instead, in support of its dismissal for lack of jurisdiction, the circuit court simply cited

Moore v. Mississippi Department of Corrections, 936 So. 2d 941 (Miss. Ct. App. 2005).

¶8. In Moore, the circuit court found it lacked jurisdiction since Moore failed to file his

petition in the county where he was detained and failed to file his petition within the statutory

thirty-day period following receipt of the MDOC’s final decision. Id. at 944 (¶¶13-15). On

appeal, we affirmed the circuit court’s dismissal of Moore’s petition and found “that there

were ample reasons for finding that the [circuit] court lacked jurisdiction . . . .” Id. at (¶16). 

¶9. Here, unlike in Moore, the record shows Willis filed his complaint for judicial review

in the county where he was detained, i.e., Rankin County. Thus, although not specifically

noted, we assume the circuit court’s dismissal for lack of jurisdiction was based upon

Willis’s failure to timely seek judicial review of the MDOC’s final decision.2

2

In its judgment of dismissal, the circuit court noted that the MDOC’s decision on

the RVR was made September 12, 2016, which would indicate that the complaint, filed

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¶10. Under section 47-5-807, any offender aggrieved by an adverse decision may seek

judicial review “within thirty (30) days after receipt of the [MDOC’s] final decision.” The

record indicates Willis filed his complaint for judicial review in the circuit court within thirty

days after receipt of the MDOC’s final decision, as required by section 47-5-807. However,

it appears that when Willis filed his complaint in the circuit court, he failed to attach or

include any documentation that showed when he received the MDOC’s final decision. 

Without such documentation, the circuit court was unaware that Willis had in fact exhausted

his administrative remedies and timely sought judicial review.

¶11. In Horton v. Epps, 20 So. 3d 24, 29 (¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2009), the circuit court

dismissed an inmate’s action for his failure to seek judicial review within thirty days after

receipt of the MDOC’s final decision. Following the dismissal of his action, the inmate filed

documentation that showed he had in fact timely filed his petition. Id. at 30 (¶14). On

appeal, the MDOC argued that “[t]he [circuit] court’s findings in its . . . [o]rder of [d]ismissal

were entirely reasonable based on the record before the court at that time” since “[a]ll the

evidence before the [circuit] court indicated that Horton did not seek judicial review within

the 30-day time period required by law.” Id. at (¶15). However, we found that although the

circuit court was presented with an incomplete record, we “[had] no choice but to reverse the

circuit court’s finding that th[e] action [was] time-barred for failure to timely file a notice of

December 9, 2016, was untimely. However, as the record shows, September 12, 2016, was

the date the RVR was issued. The MDOC’s final decision was not made until November

2, 2016, with notice to Willis on November 10, 2016.

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appeal.” Id.

¶12. Here, as in Horton, it appears the circuit court was presented with an incomplete

record. Although Willis claims to have submitted “a copy of the ARP and a copy of the RVR

with his [complaint for] judicial review,” the record does not indicate that such documents

were filed with the circuit court. Nevertheless, the appellate record includes a copy of the

MDOC’s final decision, which shows the date Willis received notice of that decision.3 The

record shows that Willis did in fact seek judicial review within thirty days of receipt of the

MDOC’s final decision, as required by section 47-5-807. Thus, the circuit court had

jurisdiction over Willis’s complaint.

¶13. While the circuit court did not state why it lacked jurisdiction, it cited and relied upon

Moore in support of its dismissal. In Moore, insufficiency of process or insufficiency of

service of process were not reasons for the circuit court’s dismissal for lack of jurisdiction. 

In fact, process or service, or the lack thereof, was not an issue at all in Moore. Thus, the

circuit court’s dismissal of Willis’s complaint for lack of jurisdiction was not based on his

failure to properly serve the respondents.

¶14. Mississippi Code Annotated sections 47-5-801 through 47-5-807 confer jurisdiction

to the circuit court to entertain RVR appeals from inmates once they exhaust administrative

remedies. Id. at 80 (¶6). Based on the record before us, the circuit court judgment does not

indicate whether the court determined it did not have subject matter jurisdiction or personal

3

 The documentation was submitted by both Willis and the MDOC.

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jurisdiction. We have concluded that the circuit court’s judgment ruled that it did not have

subject matter jurisdiction, and this decision was in error. The circuit court does in fact have

subject matter jurisdiction, and the circuit court’s consideration of personaljurisdiction issues

may be considered further on remand.

¶15. Because Willis exhausted his administrative remedies and sought judicial review

within thirty days of receipt of the MDOC’s final decision, the circuit court had subject

matter jurisdiction over Willis’s complaint pursuant to sections 47-5-803 and 47-5-807. See

Siggers v. Epps, 962 So. 2d 78, 80-81 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2007) (“Siggers exhausted his

administrative remedies and then sought judicial review within thirty days of the MDOC’s

final decision[;] [t]herefore, the circuit court had jurisdiction over Siggers’s complaint

pursuant to sections 47-5-803 and 47-5-807.”). Although the circuit court was presented

with an incomplete record due to Willis’s failure to file certain documentation, such failure

does not preclude reversal of the circuit court’s dismissal of the action. Horton, 20 So. 3d

at 30 (¶15). Accordingly, we reverse and remand this case to the circuit court for further

review.

¶16. REVERSED AND REMANDED.

LEE, C.J., BARNES, FAIR, WILSON, GREENLEE AND TINDELL, JJ.,

CONCUR. IRVING, P.J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION,

JOINED BY CARLTON AND WESTBROOKS, JJ.

IRVING, P.J., DISSENTING:

¶17. The majority finds that the circuit court erred in dismissing Willis’s complaint against

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two employees of the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC) and Warden Wendell

Banks for lack of jurisdiction. I disagree; therefore, I dissent. I would affirm the judgment

of the circuit court. 

¶18. In arriving at its decision, the majoritymakes certain factual assumptions because the

circuit court’s order dismissing Willis’s complaint does not set forth a factual basis for the

court’s conclusion that it lacked jurisdiction. Therein lies the rub. A careful examination of

the docket makes clear that Willis never served his complaint upon the Attorney General of

the State of Mississippi (attorney general) as he was required to do, since his complaint was

against employees of MDOC for actions taken in their official capacity.

¶19. In his complaint, Willis lists Lieutenants Westley and Brooks as disciplinary hearing

officers with the MDOC Central Mississippi Correctional Facility (CMCF) in Pearl,

Mississippi. He lists Banks as the Warden of the CMCF. 

¶20. Rule 4(d)(5) of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure provides in pertinent part:

The summons and complaint shall be served together. Service by sheriff or

process server shall be made as follows:

(5) Upon the State of Mississippi or anyone of its departments,

officers or institutions, by delivering a copy of the summons and

complaint to the Attorney General of the State of Mississippi.

¶21. The certificate of service attached to Willis’s complaint indicates that he served the

complaint by United States mail, postage prepaid, on the following:

Becky Boyd, Circuit Clerk Warden Wendell Banks

Post Office Box 1599 CMCF, Post Office Box 88550

Brandon, MS 39043 Pearl, MS 39208

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District Court Clerk Fifth Circuit Appeal Court Clerk 

501 East Court St., Suite 2500 600 S. Maestri Place

Jackson, MS 39205 New Orleans, LA 70130-3408.

¶22. I find that the record, as discussed above, supplies an adequate factual basis such that

this Court can say with confidence that Willis failed to obtain process on the respondents in

the circuit court, thereby robbing that court of in personam jurisdiction of the defendants.

Since the circuit court did not acquire in personam jurisdiction of the defendants because

Willis failed to serve process on them, this Court’s jurisdiction suffers from the same defect.

Therefore, I would affirm the dismissal of Willis’s complaint for that specific reason.

¶23. Appellate courts “are not restricted to [a circuit] court’s rationale or its reasons for the

result it reached. On appeal, [an appellate court] will affirm a decision of the circuit court

where the right result is reached even though [the appellate court] may disagree with the

reason for that result. Stewart v. Walls, 534 So. 2d 1033, 1035 (Miss. 1988). 

¶24. In McClurg v. State, 870 So. 2d 681 (¶2) (Miss. Ct. App. 2004), McClurg, an inmate

in MDOC’s custody, filed a complaint against the State of Mississippi, arguing that he was

required to serve more time than similarly situated inmates before being eligible for parole. 

We found that McClurg “should never have been allowed to proceed on appeal . . . and that

the original suit should have been dismissed for failure to properly name and serve the actual

parties in interest, namely the Parole Board and Department of Corrections.” (Emphasis

added). Id. at 682 (¶6).

¶25. On December 9, 2016, Willis filed a complaint for judicial review in the Circuit Court

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of Rankin County pursuant to Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-5-807 (Rev. 2015). 

Once a complaint has been filed in the circuit court, our rules of civil procedure require that

the complaint and a summons be served on the defendant and that the defendant serve his

answer within thirty days after the service of the summons and complaint. M.R.C.P. 4, 12.

¶26. I note that the clerk’s papers do not show that a summons was ever requested or issued

for service upon anyone—not upon Warden Banks, who was the only state-agency defendant

listed in Willis’s certificate of service, nor upon the attorney general. I am mindful that Rule

4(h) gives a plaintiff 120 days to serve the complaint and summons on a defendant and that

a dismissal prior to 120 days would be premature. Here, the dismissal occurred eighteen days

after the complaint was filed. However, in light of the fact that no summons was ever

requested, it seems reasonable to me to conclude that Willis, for whatever reason, had no

intention of serving the attorney general.

¶27. The State raised the jurisdictional argument in its brief, and Willis filed a rebuttal brief

but did not address the issue in his rebuttal brief after being alerted by the State that process

had not been obtained on the attorney general. The State, citing Mansour v. Charmax

Industries, Inc., 680 So. 2d 852, 853 (Miss. 1996), points out that “[i]f the court does not

have service of process or an appearance of an individual, then that court lacks jurisdiction.” 

I agree. While section 47-5-807 gives the circuit court subject matter jurisdiction, it does not

confer in personam jurisdiction over a defendant named in a complaint and against whom

relief is sought. That has to be acquired by service of process pursuant to Rule 4. 

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¶28. While I do not necessarily disagree with the majority that the circuit court may have

erroneously concluded that it did not have subject matter jurisdiction, that is not the point of

this dissent. The point is that the circuit court did not have in personam jurisdiction over the

defendants, and the State has not waived jurisdiction, as the first issue that the State asserts

in its brief is that this Court should dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. In any event, more than

120 days have now passed since Willis filed his complaint without having it served on the

State; therefore, no action can be taken on that complaint unless Willis can show good cause

why no service was made within the 120 days.

¶29. I cannot imagine how Willis can show good cause in light of the fact that he did not

list the attorney general in his certificate of service. Had he done so, it would at least have

indicated that he was aware that the attorney general had to be served and that Willis might

have had plans of serving him at some point. Additionally, as stated and based on a perusal

of the clerk’s papers, Willis never requested that a summons be issued. So the majority’s

decision to reverse and remand to the circuit court for further review is tantamount to

mandating the circuit court to hear a case even though it lacks jurisdiction over the

defendants. On the other hand, if it is the view of the majority that on remand the circuit

court is permitted to determine if it has in personam jurisdiction of the defendants and

dismiss the complaint if it determines that it does not, then the majority ought to say so. 

Otherwise, there is a good chance that the circuit court may interpret the majority opinion as

mandating a review of Willis’s appeal on the merits.

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¶30. The record clearlyshows that the circuit court did not acquire in personamjurisdiction

over the appellees. The majority ignores the significance of this fact and reverses and

remands, presumably for the purpose of the circuit court hearing Willis’s appeal on the

merits. As stated, we, as an appellate court, may affirm a decision of the circuit court where

the right result is reached even though we may disagree with the reason, as determined by

the trial court, for that result. I would affirm the judgment of dismissal. While the dismissal

may have been premature, nothing in the record suggests that Willis was attempting to obtain

service at the time of the dismissal or that he was even aware of his need to serve the attorney

general. And more importantly, when the deficiency in process was pointed out to Willis by

the State, he did nothing. 

¶31. For the reasons presented, I dissent.

CARLTON AND WESTBROOKS, JJ., JOIN THIS OPINION.

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