Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 201 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 55 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY

OF

NEW ENGLAND, 1906

(ATLANTIC COAST OF NEW ENGLAND 

DRAINAGE)

H. K BARROWS

DISTRICT HYDROGRAPHER

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE 

1907
Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 201 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 55

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES ]). WALCOTT. i I HECTOR

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY

OF

NEW ENGLAND, 1906

(ATLANTIC COAST OF NEW ENGLAND 

DRAINAGE)

H. K. BARROWi

DISTRICT IIYDROG Resources

WASHINGTON

G O V E R X M E N T PRINTING OFFICE

1907

3/06, C2 r.-"
CONTENTS.

Page,

Introduction............................................................. 7

Scope of work........................................................ ?

Definitions........................................................... 9

Explanation and use of tables..--_..----.--_-_-._.--_-.__-_-.-___..--- 10

Convenient equivalents-.---._-_...__.---__-_-_-___-_-_-_.-_._.-.-__.. 12

Field methods of measuring stream flow ............................... 13

Office methods of computing run-off-_--_--__.__.._--_-._-_-._-.__.._.. 19

Cooperation and acknowledgments .................................... 22

Atlantic coast of New England drainage...-_____..--.__---_-_--.____.-._... 22

St. John River drainage basin.---_..--.--__-_..._..--.___-..__-..._-.. 22

Description of basin .............................................. 22

St. John River at Fort Kent, Me .................................. 23

Fish River at Wallagrass, Me ..................................... 25

Aroostook River at Fort Fairfield, Me .---...--.....-.-............ 27

St. Croix River drainage basin ........................................ 29

Description of basin .............................................. 29

St. Croix River near Woodland, Me ............................... 29

Machias River drainage basin .......................^.. ......-.-...-.. 32

Description of basin .............................................. 32

Machias River near Whitneyvillo, Me ............................. 32

Penobscot River drainage basin ....................................... 34

Description of basin .............................................. 34

River surveys in Penobscot drainage............................... 34

Penobscot River at Millinocket, Me ............................... 34

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Me.............................. 35

East P>ranch Penobscot River at Grindstone, Me ................... 38

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Me ....................... 39

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Me ............................... 41

Cold Stream at Enfield, Me ....................................... 42

Phillips Lake and outlets in Holden and Dedham, Me .............. 44

Kennebec River drainage basin ....................................... 48

Description of ba&in .............................................. 48

River surveys in Kennebec drainage.................... .......... 49

Moosehead Lake at east outlet .................................... 49

Kennebec River at The Forks, Me................................. 51

Kennebec River near North Auson, Me............................ 52

Kennebec River at Waterville, Me ................................ 55

Kennebec River at Bingham, Me..........-...-.....-..--.....--.. 57

Moose River near Rock wood, Me......-..-.--....-......-..-...... 57

Roach River at Roach River, Me.................................. 59

Dead River near The Forks, Me................................... 60

Carrabassett River at North Anson, Me ............................ 62

Sandy River near Madison, Me.................................... 63

Cobbosseecontee Stream at Ciardiner, Me .......................... 64

3
4 ' CONTENTS.

Atlantic coast of New England drainage Continued. Page.

Androscoggin River drainage basin ............... .................... 65

Description of basin .............................................. 66

River surveys in Androscoggin drainage ........................... 67

Androscoggin River at Shelburne, N. H ........................... 67

Androscoggin.River at Rumford Falls, Me ......................... 69

Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Me ............................... 70

Presumpscot River drainage basin ...................................... 72

Description of basin .............................................. 72

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine................. 72

Saco River drainage basin............................................. 74

Description of basin .............................................. 74

Saco River near Center Conwa'y, N. H ............................. 74

Merrimac River drainage basin........................................ 76

Description of basin .............................................. 76

Merrimac River at Franklin Junction, N. H........................ 76

Merrimac River at Garvins Falls, N. H ............................ 78

Merrimac River at Lawrence, Mass ........................'........ 80

Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H............................ 82

Contoocook River at West Hopkinton, N. H ....................... 84

Sudbury River at Framingham and Lake Cochituate at Cochituate,

Mass .......................................................... 86

South Branch Nashua River at Clinton, Mass ..........-..'......... 87

Blackstone River drainage basin....................................... 88

Blackstone River near Womsocket, R. I ............................ 88

Connecticut River drainage basin...................................... 88

Description of basin .............................................. 88

Connecticut River near Orford, N. II .............................. 89

Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass ............................ 91

Connecticut River at Hartford, Conn............................... 93

Israel River (above South Branch) near Jefferson Highlands, N. H.. 94

Israel River (below South Branch) near Jefferson Highlands, N. H.. 95

Ammonoosuc River at Bretton Woods, X. H....................... 97

Zealand River near Twin Mountain, X. H.......................... 99

Deerfield River at Deerfield, Mass................................. 101

Deerfield River at Hoosac Tunnel, Mass............................ 102

Ware River near Ware, Mass...................................... 102

Ware River at Barre Plains, Mass ................................. 104

Quaboag River at West Warren, Mass ............................. 104

Quaboag River at Palmer, Mass ................................... 105

Westfield Little River near Blandf ord, Mass........................ 105

Salmon River at Leesville, Conn .................................. 110

Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, X. H ................................. 112

Farmington River at Farmington, Conn............................ 112

Housatonic River drainage basin ...................................... 112

Description of basin .............................................. 112

Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn........................... 112
ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. Map of United States showing location of principal river stations

maintained during 1906 ....................................... 8

II. A, Current-meter rating station, Los Angeles, Cal.; B, Price current meters..................................................... 16

III. A, Plant of St. Croix Paper Company at Spragues Falls, Me.; B,

Saco River below Salmon Falls dam, Me.'....................... 28

IV. Upper and lower dams of Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls,

Me .......................................................... 68

V. Great Falls of Saco River at Hiram, Me................... ....... 74

FIG. 1. Cable station, showing section of river, car, gage, etc.............. 17

2. Typical discharge, area, and mean velocity curves for Potomac

River at Point of Rocks, Md................................... 20

5
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF NEW ENGLAND, 1906. a

H. K. BARROWS,

District JiydrograpJier. h

INTRODUCTION.

SCOPE OF WORK.

The water supply of the United States is of more importance to the 

life and pursuits of the people than any other natural resource. In 

the arid States the limit of agricultural development is determined by 

the amount of water available for irrigation, while in all parts of the 

country the increase in the population of cities and towns makes necessary additional water supplies for domestic and industrial uses, in 

procuring which both the quantity and the qualit}T of the water that 

may be obtained must be considered. The location of manufacturing 

plants may depend largely on the water-power facilities and on the 

character of the water. The notable advances made in the electric 

transmission of power have led to the utilization of water powers for 

the operation of manufacturing establishments, railroads, and municipal lighting plants, many of which are at some distance from the 

places at which the power is developed.

The intelligent establishment and maintenance of enterprises or 

industries that depend on the use of water demands a thorough 

knowledge of the flow of the streams and an understanding of the conditions affecting that flow. This knowledge should be based on data 

showing both the total flow and the distribution of the flow throughout the year, in order that normal fluctuations may be provided for 

As the flow of a stream is variable from year to year, estimates of 

future flow can be made only from a study of observations covering 

several years. The rapid increase in-the development of the water

a This report contains information similar to that published in previous years under title "Report 

on the Progress of Stream Measurements."

» The data were collected under the direction of II. K. Barrows, assisted by T. W. Norcross, A. D. 

Buttorflold, G. M. Brett, R. A. Mention, and F. E. Pressey. 

The data were prepared for publication under the direction of John C. Hoyt, assisted by R. II. Bolster, 

Robert Follansbee, J. E. Stewart, F. F. Henshaw, and H. D. Padgett.
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

resources of the United States has caused a great demand by engineers 

for information in regard to the flow of streams, as it is now generally 

realized that the failure of many large power, irrigation, and other 

projects has been due to the fact that the plans were made without 

sufficient trustworthy information in respect to the water supply.

Owing to the broad scope of these hydrographic investigations and 

the length of time they should cover in order that the records may be 

of greatest value, it is in general impossible for private individuals to 

collect the necessary data, and as many of the streams traverse more 

than one State this work does not properly fall within the province of 

the State authorities. The United States Geological Survey has, 

therefore, by means of specific appropriations b}^ Congress, for several 

years systematically made records of stream flow, with the view of 

ultimately determining all the important features governing the flow 

of the principal streams of the country. In carrying out this plan 

stations are established on the streams and maintained for a period 

long enough to show their regimen or general behavior. When a 

record that is sufficient for this purpose has been obtained for any 

stream, the work on that stream, is discontinued. The order in 

which the streams are measured is determined by the degree of their 

importance.

During 1906 the regimen of flow was studied at about 700 stations 

distributed along the various rivers throughout the United States, as 

shown on PI. I. In addition to these records data in regard to precipitation, evaporation, water power, and river profiles were obtained 

in many sections of the country.

These data have been assembled by drainage areas and are published in a series of fourteen Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, 

Nos. 201 to 214, inclusive, each of which pertains to the surface water 

resources of a group of adjacent areas. In these papers are embodied 

not only the data collected in the field, but also the results of computations based on these data and other information that has a direct 

bearing on the subject, such as descriptions of basins and the streams 

draining them, utility of the water resources, etc. The list follows.

Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers on surface water supply, 1906.

201. Surface water supply of New England, 1906. (Atlantic coast of New England 

drainage.)

202. Surface water supply of the Hudson, Passaic, Earitan, and Delaware river drainages, 1906. '

203. Surface water supply of the Middle Atlantic States, 1906. (Susquehanna, Gunpowder, Patapsco, Potomac, James, Roanoke, and Yadkin river drainages.)

204. Surface water supply of the Southern Atlantic and Eastern Gulf States, 1906. 

(Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers, and eastern Gulf of Mexico 

drainages.)

205. Surface water supply of the Ohio and lower eastern Mississippi river drainages, 

1906.
Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 201 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 55 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES I). WALCOTT. i IRKCTOE

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY

OF

NEW ENGLAND, 1906

(ATLANTIC COAST OF NEW ENGLAND 

DRAINAGE)

H. K. BARROWS

DISTRICT HYDROGBAPHER

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1907
CONTENTS.

Page,

Introduction........................... 7

Scope of work............................... 7

Definitions......................... 9

Explanation and use of tables................. 10

Convenient equivalents ............... 12

Field methods of measuring stream now ................ 13

Office methods of computing run-off............ 19

Cooperation and acknowledgments .................... 22

Atlantic coast of New England drainage .......... 22

St. John River drainage basin......................................... 22

Description of basin .............................................. 22

St. John River at Fort Kent, Me .................................. 23

Fish River at Wallagrass, Me ..................................... 25

Aroostook River at Fort Fairfield, Me ............................. 27

St. Croix River drainage basin ........................................ 29

Description of basin .............................................. 29

St. Croix River near Woodland, Me ............................... 29

Machias River drainage basin ....... ^. ............... 32

Description of basin .............................................. 32

Machias River near Whitneyvillc, Me ............................. 32

Penobscot River drainage basin ....................................... 34

Description of basin .............................................. 34

River surveys in Peuobsrot drainage............................... 34

Penobscot River at Millinocket, Me ............................... 34

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Me.............................. 35

East Branch Penobscot River at Grindstone, Me ................... 38

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Me ....................... 39

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Me ............................... 41

Cold Stream at Enfield, Me ....................................... 42

Phillips Lake and outlets in llolden and Dedhain, Me .............. 44

Kennebec River drainage basin ....................................... 48

Description of ba^in .............................................. 48

River surveys in Kennebec drainage.................... .......... 49

Moosehead Lake at east outlet .................................... 49

Kennebec River at The Forks, Me................................. 51

Kennebec River near North Anson, Me............................ 52

Kennebec River at Waterville, Me ................................ 55

Kennebec River at Bingham, Me.................................. 57

Moose River near Rockw^ood, Me.................................. 57

Roach River at Roach River, Me.................................. 59

Dead River near The Forks, Me................................... 60

Carrabassett River at North Auson, Me ............. 62

Sandy River near Madison, Me.................................... 63

Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Me .......................... 64

3
4 " CONTENTS.

Atlantic coast of New England drainage Continued. Page.

Androscoggin River drainage basin ............... .................... 6!>

Description of basin .............................................. 66

River surveys in Androscoggin drainage ........................... 67

Androscoggin River at Shelburne, X. II ........................... 67

Androscoggin.River at Rumford Falls, Me ......................... 69

Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Me ............................... 70

Presumpscot River drainage basin ...................................... 72

Description of basin .............................................. 72

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine................. 72

Saco River drainage basin............................................. 74

Description of basin .............................................. 74

Saco River near Center Comva'y, N. II............................. 74

Merrimac River drainage basin........................................ 76

Description of basin .............................................. 76

Merrimac River at Franklin Junction, N. H........................ 76

Merrimac River at Garvins Falls, N. H............................ 78

Merrimac River at Lawrence, Mass ........................*........ 80

Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H............................ 82

Contoocook River at West Hopkinton, N. H ....................... 84

Sudbury River at Framingham and Lake Cochituate at Cochituate,

Mass .......................................................... 86

South Branch Nashua River at Clinton, Mass ...-....-....'......... 87

Blackstone River drainage basin....................................... 88

Blackstone River near Womsoeket, R. I ............................ 88

Connecticut River drainage basin...................................... 88

Description of basin ..---....--...-..----........--............-.. 88

Connecticut River near Orford, N. H .............................. 89

Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass ............................ 91

Connecticut River at Hartford, Conn............................... 93

Israel River (above South Branch) near Jefferson Highlands, N. H.. 94

Israel River (below South Branch) near Jefferson Highlands, N. H.. 95

Ammonoosuc River at Bretton Woods, N. H....................... 97

Zealand River near Twin Mountain, N. H.......................... 99

Deerfield River at Deerfield, Mass ................................. 101

Deerfield River at Hoosac Tunnel, Mass............................ 102

Ware River near Ware, Mass...................................... 102

Ware River at Barre Plain?, Mass ................................. 104

Quaboag River at West Warren, Mass ............................. 104

Quaboag River at Palmer, Mass ................................... 105

Westfleld Little River near Blandf ord, Mass........................ 105

Salmon River at Leesville, Conn .................................. 110

Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, X. H....................-.---.-...-... 112

Farmington River at Farmington, Conn............................ 112

Housatonic River drainage basin ...................................... 112

Description of basin .............................................. 112

Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn........................... 112
ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE I. Map of United States showing location of principal river stations

maintained during 1906 ....................................... 8

II. A, Current-meter rating station, Los Angeles, Cal.; B, Price current meters..................................................... 16

III. A, Plant of St. Croix Paper Company at Spragues Falls, Me.; B,

Saco River below Salmon Falls dam, Me.*....................... 28

IV. Upper and lower dams of Androscoggin Kiver at Kumford Falls,

Me .......................................................... 68

V. Great Falls of Saco Kiver at Hiram, Me................... ....... 74

FIG. 1. Cable station, showing section of river, car, gage, etc.............. 17

2. Typical discharge, area, and mean velocity curves for Potomac

River at Point of Rocky, Md................................... 20

5
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF NEW ENGLAND, 1906.°

H. K. BARROWS,

District JiydrograpJier.b

INTRODUCTION.

SCOPE OF WORK.

The water supply of the United States is of more importance to the 

life and pursuits of the people than any other natural resource. In 

the arid States the limit of agricultural development is determined by 

the amount of water available for irrigation, while in all parts of the 

country the increase in the population of cities and towns makes necessary additional water supplies for domestic and industrial uses, in 

procuring which both the quantity and the quality of the water that 

may be obtained must be considered. The location of manufacturing 

plants may depend largely on the water-power facilities and on the 

character of the water. The notable advances made in the electric 

transmission of power have led to the utilization of water powers for 

the operation of manufacturing establishments, railroads, and municipal lighting plants, many of which are at some distance from the 

places at which the power is developed.

The intelligent establishment and maintenance of enterprises or 

industries that depend on the use of water demands a thorough 

knowledge of the flow of the streams and an understanding of the conditions affecting that flow. This knowledge should be based on data 

showing both the total flow and the distribution of the flow throughout the year, in order that normal fluctuations may be provided for 

As the flow of a stream is variable from year to year, estimates of 

future flow can be made only from a study of observations covering 

several years. The rapid increase in-the development of the water

a This report contains information similar to that published in previous years under title "Report 

on the Progress of Stream Measurements."

& The data were collected under the direction of II. K. Barrows, assisted by T. W. Norcross, A. D. 

Buttorfleld, G. M. Brett, R. A. Mention, and F. E. Pressey. m

The data were prepared for publication under the direction of John C. Hoyt, assisted by R. U. Bolster, 

Robert Follansbee, J. E. Stewart, F. F. Henshaw, and 11. D. Padgett.

7
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

resources of the United States has caused a great demand by engineers 

for information in regard to the flow of streams, as it is now generally 

realized that the failure of many large power, irrigation, and other 

projects has been due to the fact that the plans were made without 

sufficient trustworthy information in respect to the water supply.

Owing to the broad scope of these hydrographic investigations and 

the length of time they should cover in order that the records may be 

of greatest value, it is in general impossible for private individuals to 

collect the necessary data, and as many of the streams traverse more 

than one State this work does not properly fall within the province of 

the State authorities. The United States Geological Survey has, 

therefore, by means of specific appropriations by Congress, for several 

years systematically made records of stream flow, "with the view of 

ultimately determining all the important features governing the flow 

of the principal streams of the country. In carrying out this plan 

stations are established on the streams and maintained for a period 

long enough to show their regimen or general behavior. When a 

record that is sufficient for this purpose has been obtained for any 

stream, the work on that stream, is discontinued. The order in 

which the streams are measured is determined by the degree of their 

importance.

During 1906 the regimen of flow was studied at about 700 stations 

distributed along the various rivers throughout the United States, as 

shown on PI. I. In addition to these records data in regard to precipitation, evaporation, water power, and river profiles were obtained 

in many sections of the country.

These data have been assembled by drainage areas and are published in a series of fourteen Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, 

Nos. 201 to 214, inclusive, each of which pertains to the surface water 

resources of a group of adjacent areas. In these papers are embodied 

not only the data collected in the field, but also the results of computations based on these data and other information that has a direct 

bearing on the subject, such as descriptions of basins and the streams 

draining them, utility of the water resources, etc. The list follows.

Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers on surface water supply, 1906.

201. Surface water supply of New England, 1906. (Atlantic coast of New England 

drainage.)

202. Surface water supply of the Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware river drainages, 1906. '

203. Surface water supply of the Middle Atlantic States, 1906. (Susquehanna, Gunpowder, Patapsco, Potomac, James, Roanoke, and Yadkin river drainages.)

204. Surface water supply of the Southern Atlantic and Eastern Gulf States, 1906. 

(Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers, and eastern Gulf of Mexico 

drainages.)

205. Surface water supply of the Ohio and lower eastern Mississippi river drainages, 

1906.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 201 PL. I

127° 125° 123° 121° 119° 117° 115° 113 111° 109 107 105° 103' 101° 99° 97° 95° 93° 91° 89° 87° 86° 83° 81° 79° 77° 75° 73° 71° 69° 67°

83° 81° 79° 77" 115° 113° 111° 109° 107° "105° 103° 101° 99° 97* 95° 93° 91

MAP OF UNITED STATES SHOWING LOCATION OF PRINCIPAL RIVER STATIONS MAINTAINED DURING 1906.
INTRODUCTION. 9

206. Surface water supply of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River drainages, 1906.

207. Surface water supply of the upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay drainages, 

1906.

208. Surface water supply of the Missouri River drainage, 1906.

209. Surface water supply of the lower western Mississippi River drainage, 1906.

210. Surface water supply of the western Gulf of Mexico and Rio Grande drainages, 

1906.

211. Surface water supply of the Colorado River drainage above Yuma, 1906.

212. Surface water supply of the Great Basin drainage, 1906.

213. Surface water supply of California, 1906. (The Great Basin and Pacific Ocean 

drainages in California and Colorado River drainage below Yuma.)

214. Surface water supply of the North Pacific Coast drainage, 1906.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports extend 

over a series of 3rears. An index of the reports containing such records 

up to and including 1903 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 119. The following table gives, by j'ears and primary drainage 

basins, the numbers of the papers on surface water supply published 

from 1901 to 1906:

Numbers of Water-Supply Papers containing results of stream measurements, 1901-1906.a

Atlantic coast of Xew England drainage.........................

Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware river drainages........

Susquehanna, Gunpowder, Patapsco, Potomac, James, Roanoke, and Yadkin river drainages..............................

Santee, Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers and eastern 

Gulf of Mexico drainages.......................................'

Ohio and lower eastern Mississippi river drainages..............

Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River drainages..................

1901.

I ~ I ' 

JVo.

05

75

05

75

05

75

1902. 1903.

Colorado River drainage, above Yuma.

t 7,

06

75

06

75 if 

66 11

97

99

100

99

99

99

100

100

100

100

1904.

No.

124

125

> 126

127

128

129

128 130

I 130 

\ 131

131

132

133

133

134

135

1905.

No.

165

166

167

168

169

170

}m

| 172

173

174

175

176

177

178

1906.

No.

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

a Reports containing data for years prior to 1901 are noted in the series list at the end of this paper.

DEFINITIONS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups: (1) Those which represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and run-off in second-feet per 

square mile, and (2) those which represent the actual quantity of water,
10 . SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

as run-off in depth in inches and acre-feet. They ma}r be denned as 

follows:

" Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and is 

the quantity of water flowing in a stream 1 foot wide, 1 foot deep, at 

a rate of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental unit 

from which others are computed.

"Gallons per minute" is generally used in connection with pumping 

and city water supply.

The "miner's inch" is the quantity of water that passes through an 

orifice 1 inch square under a head wlu'ch varies locally. It has been 

commonly used by miners and irrigators throughout the West and is 

defined by statute in each State in which it is used.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, on 

the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off in inches" is the depth to which the drainage area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were conserved and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth in 

inches.

"Acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, and is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. It is commonly used 

in connection with storage for irrigation work. There is a convenient 

relation between the second-foot and the acre-foot: One second-foot 

flowing for twenty-four hours will deliver 86,400 cubic feet, or approximately 2 acre-feet.

EXPLANATION AND USE OF TABLES.

For each regular gaging station are given, as far as available, the 

following data:

1. Description of station.

2. List of discharge measurements.

3. Gage-height table.

4. Rating table.

5. Table of monthly and yearly discharges and run-off.

6. Tables showing discharge and horsepower and the number of 

days during the year when the same are available.

The descriptions of stations give such general information about the 

locality and equipment as would enable the reader to find and use the 

station, and they also give, as far as possible, a complete history of all 

the changes that have occurred since the establishment of the station 

that would be factors in using the data collected.

The discharge-measurement table gives the results of the discharge 

measurements made during the year, including the date, name of the
INTRODrCTION. 11

hydrographer, width and area of cross section, gage height, and discharge in second-feet.

The table of daily gage heights gives the daily fluctuations of the 

surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings 

taken each day. The gage height given in the table represents the 

elevation of the surface of the water above the zero of the gage. At 

most stations the gage is read in the morning and in the evening.

The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data 

from which the other tables are computed. In cases of extensive 

development it is expected that engineers will use these original data 

in making their calculations, as the computations made by the 

Survey are based on. the data available at the time they are made and 

should be reviewed and, if necessary, revised when additional data 

are available.

The rating table gives the discharge in second-feet corresponding to 

various stages of the river as given by the gage heights. It is published to enable engineers to determine the daily discharge in case 

this information is desired.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was highest, and it is the flow as given in the rating table for that mean gage 

height. As the gage height is the mean for the day, there might have 

been short periods when the water was higher and the corresponding 

discharge larger than given in this column. Likewise in the column 

of "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the dajr when 

the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is 

the average flow for each second during the month. Upon this the 

computations for the remaining columns, which are defined on 

page 10, are based.

The values in the table of monthly discharge are intended to give 

only a general idea of the conditions of flow at the station, and it is not 

expected that they will be used for other than preliminary estimates.

In most work where data in regard to flow are used the regimen of 

flow is of primary importance. Therefore for the principal stations 

tables have been prepared showing the horsepower that can be developed at various rates of flow, and the length of time that these rates 

of flow and the corresponding horsepower are available. These 

tables have been prepared on a basis of 80 per cent efficiency on the 

turbines, and the horsepower per foot of fall is given in order that the 

reader can determine the horsepower for any fall.

In the computations sufficient significant figures have been used so 

that the percentage of error in the tables will not in general exceed 1 

per cent. Therefore, most of the values in the tables are given to 

only three significant figures. In making the various computations 

Thatcher's slide rule, Crelle's tables, and computation machines have 

been generally used.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

In order to give engineers an idea of the relative value of the 

various data notes in regard to accuracy are given as far as possible. 

This accuracy depends on the general local conditions at the gaging 

stations and the amount of data collected. Every effort possible is 

made to so locate the stations that the data collected will give a high 

degree of accuracy. This is not always possible, but it is considered 

better to publish rough values with explanatory notes rather than no 

data.

In the accuracy notes the following terms have been used, indicating the probable accuracy, in per cent, of the mean monthly flow. As 

these values are mean values, the error in the value for the flow of any 

individual day may be much larger.

Excellent indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably accurate to within 5 per cent; good, to within 10 per cent; fair, to within 

15 per cent; approximate, to within 25 per cent.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

Following is a table of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of March 23, 1901). 

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,272 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot equals 6.23 British imperial gallons per second.

1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep.

1 second-foot for one 28-day month covers 1 square mile 1.041 inches deep.

1 second foot for one 29-day month covers 1 square mile 1.079 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one 30-day month covers 1 square mile 1.116 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one 31-day month covers 1 square mile 1.153 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one day equals 1.983 acre-feet.

] second-foot for one 28-day month equals 55.54 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 29-day month equals 57.52 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 30-day month equals 59.50 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 31-day month equals 61.49 acre-feet.

100 California miner's inches equal 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches equal 9(5.0 Colorado miner's inches.

100 California miner's inches for one day equal 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equal 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equal 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches equal 104 California miner's inches.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equal 5.17 acre-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute equal 0.223 second-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equal 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United States gallons per clay equal 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equal 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equal 22.95 acre-feet.
INTRODUCTION. 13

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot equals 7.48 gallons.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second,

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1J horsepower equal about 1 kilowatt.

m T T , , -, T Sec.-ft.Xfall in feet , i _ , lo calculate water power quickly. - - - =net IiorsepowVr on water

wheel, realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

FIELD METHODS OF MEASURING STREAM FLOW.

The methods used in collecting these data and in preparing them for 

publication are given in detail in Water-Supply Papers No. 94 (Hydrographic Manual, U. S. Geol. Survey) and No. 95 (Accuracy of Stream 

Measurements). In order that those who use this report may readily 

become acquainted with the general methods employed, the following 

brief descriptions are given:

Streams may be divided, with respect to their physical conditions, 

into three classes: (1) Those with permanent beds; (2) those with 

beds which change only during extreme low or high water; and (3) 

those with constantly shifting beds. In determining the daily flow 

special methods are necessary for each class. The data on which the 

determinations are based and the methods of collecting them are, 

however, in general the same.

There are three distinct methods of determining the flow of openchannel streams: (1) By measurements of slope and cross section 

and the use of Chezy's and Kutter's formulas; (2) by means of a weir, 

(3) by measurements of the velocity of the current and of the 

area of the cross section. The method chosen for any case depends 

on the local physical conditions, the degree of accuracy desired, the 

funds available, and the length of time that the record is to be 

continued.

Slope method. Much information has been collected relative to the 

coefficients to be used in the Chezy formula, v = c^/Es, This has been 

utilized by Kutter, both in developing his formula for c and in determining the values of the coefficient n which appears therein. The
14 SURFACK WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

results obtained by the slope method arc in general only roughly 

approximate, owing to the difficulty in. obtaining accurate data and 

the uncertainty of the value for n to be used in Kutter's formula. The 

most common use of this method is in estimating the flood discharge 

of a stream when the only data available are the cross section, the 

slope as shown by marks along the bank, and a knowledge of the general conditions.

Weir method. When frtnds are available and the conditions are 

such that sharp-crested weirs can be erected, these offer the best facilities for determining flow. If dams are suitably situated and constructed, the}T may be utilized for obtaining reliable measurements of 

flow. The conditions necessaiy to insure good results ma}T be divided 

into two classes: (1) Those relating to the plrysical characteristics of 

the dam itself, and (2) those relating to the diversion and use of 

water around and through the dam.

The physical requirements are as follows: (a) Sufficient height of 

dam, so that backwater will not interfere with free fall over it; (6) 

absence of leaks of appreciable magnitude; (c) topography or abutments which confine the flow over the dam at high stages; (d) level 

crests which are kept free from obstructions caused by floating logs 

or ice; (e) crests of a type for which the coefficients to be used in 

Q = c b h%, or some similar standard weir formula, are known (see 

Water-Supply Papers Nos. 180 and 200°); (/) either no ffashboards or 

exceptional care in reducing leakage through them and in recording 

their condition.

Preferably there should be no diversion of water through or around 

the dam. Generally, however, the dam is built for purposes of power 

or navigation, and part or all of the water flowing past it is diverted 

for such uses. This water is measured and added to that passing over 

the dam. To insure accuracy in such determinations of flow, the 

amount of water diverted should be reasonabl}T constant. Furthermore, it should be so diverted that it can be measured, either by a 

weir, a current meter, or a simple system of water wheels which are of 

standard make, or which have been rated as meters under working 

conditions and so installed that the gate openings, the heads under 

which they work, and their angular velocities may be accurately 

observed.

The combination of physical conditions and uses of the water 

should be such that the determinations of flow will not involve, for a 

critical stage of considerable duration, the use of a head on a broadcrested dam of less than 6 inches. Moreover, when all other conditions are good, the cooperation of the owners or operators of the plant 

is still essential if reliable results are to be obtained.

i Water-Supply Paper No. 200 replaces No. 150, the edition of which has been exhausted.
INTRODUCTION. 15

A gaging station at a weir or dam lias the general advantage of continuit}T of record through the period of ice and floods and the disadvantages of uncertainty of coefficient to be used in the weir formula 

and of complications in the diversion and use of the water.

Velocity method. The determination of the quantity of water flowing past a certain section of a stream at a given time is termed a discharge measurement. This quantity is the product of two factors 

the mean velocity and the area of the cross section. The mean 

velocity is a function of surface slope, wetted perimeter, roughness of 

bed, and the channel conditions at, above, and below the gaging section. 

The 'area depends on the contour of the bed and the fluctuations of 

the water surface. The two principal ways of measuring the velocity 

of a stream are by floats and current meters.

Great care is taken in the selection and equipment of gaging stations for determining discharge by velocity measurements, in order 

that the data may have the required degree of accuracy. Their essential requirements are practically the same, whether the velocity is 

determined by meters or floats. They are located, as far as possible, 

where the channel is straight both above and below the gaging section; where there are no cross currents, backwater, or boils; where the 

bed of the stream is reasonably free from large projections of a permanent character, and where the banks are high and subject to overflow onry at flood stages. The station must be so far removed from 

the effects of tributary streams and of dams or other artificial obstructions that the gage height shall be an index of the discharge.

Certain permanent or semipermanent structures, usually referred 

to as ''equipment," are generally pertinent to a gaging station. 

These are a gage for determining the fluctuations of the water surface, bench marks to which the datum of the gage is referred, permanent marks on a bridge or a tagged line indicating the points of measurement, and, where the current is swift, some appliance (generally 

a secondary cable) to hold the meter in position in the water. As a 

rule the stations are located at bridges if the channel conditions are 

satisfactory, as from them the observations can more readily be made 

and the cost of the equipment is small.

The floats in common use are the surface, subsurface, and tube or 

rod floats. A corked bottle with a flag in the top and weighted at the 

bottom makes one of the most satisfactory surface floats, as it is 

affected but little by wind. In case of flood measurements good 

results can be obtained by observing the velocity of floating cakes of 

ice or debris. In case of all surface-float measurements coefficients 

must be used to reduce the observed velocity to the mean velocit}^. 

The subsurface and tube or rod floats are intended to give directly the 

mean velocity in the vertical. Tubes give excellent results when the 

channel conditions are good, as in canals.
16 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1906.

In measuring velocity by a float, observation is made of the time 

taken by the float to pass over the "run," a selected stretch of river 

from 50 to 200 feet long. In each discharge measurement a large 

number of velocity determinations are made at different points across 

the stream, and from these observations the "mean velocity for the 

whole section is determined. This may be done by plotting the mean 

positions of the floats, as indicated by the distances from the bank, as 

ordinates and the corresponding times as abscissas. A curve through 

these points shows the mean time of run at any point across the 

stream, and the mean time for the whole stream is obtained by 

dividing the area bounded by this curve and its axis by the width. 

The length of the run divided by the mean time gives the mean 

velocity.

The area used in float measurements is the mean of the areas at the 

two ends of the run and at several intermediate sections.

The essential parts of the current meters in use are a wheel of some 

type, so constructed that the impact of flowing water causes it to 

revolve, and a device for recording or indicating the number of revolutions. The relation between the velocity of the moving water and 

the revolutions of the wheel is determined for each meter. This rating is done by drawing the meter through still water for a given distance at different speeds and noting the number of revolutions for 

each run. From these data a rating table is prepared which gives 

the velocity per second for any number of revolutions.

Many kinds of current meters have been constructed. They may, 

however, be classed in two general types those in which the wheel is 

made up of a series of cups, as the Price, and those having a screwpropeller wheel, as the Haskell. Each meter has been developed for 

use under some special condition. In the case of the small Price 

meter, shown in PI. II, B, which has been largely developed and 

extensively used by the United States Geological Survey, an attempt 

has been made to get an instrument which could be used under 

practically all conditions.

Current-meter measurements may be made from a bridge, cable, 

boat, or by wading, and gaging stations may be classified in accordance with such use. Fig. 1 shows a typical cable station.

In making the measurement an arbitrary number of points are laid 

off on a line perpendicular to the thread of the stream. The points at 

which the velocity and depth are observed are known as measuring 

points, and are usually fixed at regular intervals, varying from 2 to 20 

feet, depending on the size and condition of the stream. Perpendiculars dropped from the measuring points divide the gaging section into 

strips. For each strip or pair of strips the mean velocity, area, and 

discharge are determined independently, so that conditions existing
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 201 PL. II

vv ^

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. CURRENT-METER RATING STATION AT LOS ANGELES, CAL.
INTRODUCTION. 17

in one part of the stream may not be extended to parts where they do 

not apply.

Three classes of methods of measuring velocity with current meters 

are in general use multiple-point, single-point, and integration. .

The three principal multiple-point methods in general use are the 

vertical velocity-curve; 0.2 and 0.8 depth; and top, bottom, and 

mid-depth.

In the vertical velocity-curve method a series of velocity determinations are made in each vertical at regular intervals, usually from 0.5 

to 1 foot apart. By plotting these velocities as abscissas and their 

depths as ordinates, and drawing a smooth curve among the resulting 

points, the vertical velocity-curve is developed. This curve shows 

graphically the magnitude and changes in velocity from the surface 

to the bottom of the stream. The mean velocity in the vertical is then 

obtained by dividing the area bounded by this velocity-curve and its 

axis by the depth. On account of the length of time required to

FIG. 1. Cable station, showing section ol river, car, gage, etc.

make a complete measurement by this method, its use is limited to the 

determination of coefficients for purposes of comparison and to measurements under ice.

In the second multiple-point method the meter is held successively 

at 0.2 and 0.8 of the depth, and the mean of the velocities at these two 

points is taken as the mean velocity for that vertical. On the assumption that the vertical velocity-curve is a common parabola with horizontal axis, the mean of the velocities at 0.22 and 0.79 of the depth 

will give (closely) the mean velocity in the vertical. Actual observations under a wide range of conditions show that this second multiplepoint method gives the mean velocity very closely for open-water conditions, and moreover the indications are that it holds nearly as well 

for ice-covered rivers.

In the third multiple-point method the meter is held at mid-depth, 

at 0.5 foot below the surface, and at 0.5 foot above the bottom, and 

the mean velocity is determined by dividing by 6 the sum of the top 

IKB 201 07 2
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1906.

velocity, four times the mid-depth velocity, and the bottom velocity. 

This method may be modified by observing at 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8 depth.

The single-point method consists in holding the meter either at 

the depth of the thread of mean velocity, or at an arbitrary depth 

for which the coefficient for reducing to mean velocity has been 

determined.

Extensive experiments by vertical velocity-curves show that the 

thread of mean velocity generally occurs at from 0.5 to 0.7 of the total 

depth. In general practice the thread of mean velocity is considered 

to be at 0.6 depth, at which point the meter is held in a majority of 

the measurements. A large number of vertical velocity-curve measurements, taken on many streams and under varying conditions, 

show that the average coefficient for reducing the velocity obtained at 

0.6 depth to mean velocity is practically unity.

In the other principal single-point method the meter is held near the 

surface, usually 1 foot below, or low enough to be out of the effect of 

the wind or other disturbing influences. This is known as the subsurface method. The coefficient for reducing the velocity taken at 

the subsurface to the mean has been found to be from 0.85 to 0.95, 

depending on the stage, velocity, and channel conditions. The higher 

the stage the larger the coefficient. This method is specially adapted 

for flood measurements, or when the velocity is so great that the 

meter can not be kept at 0.6 depth.

The vertical-integration method consists in moving the meter at a 

slow, uniform speed from the surface to the bottom and back again to 

the surface, and noting the number of revolutions and the time taken 

in the operation. This method has the advantage that the velocity 

at each point of the vertical is measured twice. It is useful as a 

check on the point methods.

The area, which is the other factor in the velocity method of determining the discharge of a stream, depends on the stage of the river, 

which is observed on the gage, and on the general contour of the bed 

of the stream, which is determined by soundings. The soundings are 

usually taken at each measuring point at the time of the discharge 

measurement, either by using the meter and cable or by a special 

sounding line or rod. For streams with permanent beds standard 

cross sections are usually taken during low water. These sections 

serve to check the soundings which are taken at the time of the measurements, and from them any change which may have taken place in 

the bed of the stream can be detected. They are also of value in 

obtaining the area for use in computations of high-water measurements, as accurate soundings are hard to obtain at high stages.

In computing the discharge measurements from the observed velocities and depths at various points of measurement, the measuring section is divided into elementary strips, as shown in fig. 1, and the 

mean velocity, area, and discharge are determined separately for either
INTRODUCTION. 19

a single or a double strip. The total discharge and the area are the 

sums of those for the various strips, and the mean velocity is obtained 

by dividing the total discharge by the total area.

The determination of the flow of an ice-covered stream is difficult, 

owing to diversity and instability of conditions during the winter 

period and also to lack of definite information in regard to the laws 

of flow of water under ice. The method now employed is to make 

frequent discharge measurements during the frozen periods by the 

0.2 and 0.8, and vertical velocity-curve methods, and to keep an 

accurate record of the conditions, such as the gage height to the surface 

of the water as it rises in a hole cut in the ice, the thickness and 

character of the ice, etc.

From these data an approximate estimate of the daily flow can be 

made by constructing a rating curve (really a series of curves) similar 

to that used for open channels, but considering, in addition to gage 

heights and discharge, the varying thickness of ice. For information 

in regard to flow under ice cover see Water-Supply Paper No. 187.

OFFICE METHODS OF COMPUTING RUN-OFF.

There are two principal methods of determining run-off, depending 

on whether or not the bed of the stream is permanent.

For stations on streams with permanent beds the first step in computing the run-off is the construction of a rating table, which shows 

the discharge corresponding to any stage of the stream. This rating 

table is applied to the record of stage to determine the amount of 

water flowing. The construction of the rating table depends on the 

method used in measuring flow.

For a station at a weir or dam the basis for the rating table is some 

standard weir formula. The coefficients to be used in its application 

depend on the type of dam and other conditions near its crest. After 

inserting in the weir formula the measured length of crest and the 

assumed coefficient the discharge is computed for various heads and 

the rating table constructed.

The data necessary for the construction of a rating table for a 

velocity-area station are the results of the discharge measurements, 

which include the record of stage of the river at the time of measurement, the area of the cross section, the mean velocity of the current, 

and the quantity of water flowing. A thorough knowledge of the 

conditions at and in the vicinity of the station is also necessary.

The construction of the rating table depends on the following laws 

of flow for open, permanent channels: (1) The discharge will remain 

constant so long as conditions at or near the gaging station remain 

constant; (2) the discharge will be the same whenever the stream is 

at a given stage if the change of slope due to the rise and fall of the 

stream be neglected; (3) the discharge is a function of and increases 

gradually with the stage.
MEASUREMENTS 1

-

5$

fl <3

'

/

*

/c

"

/"

N 1903 NO. 1 

< I9O3 NO. £ T 

' I9O4 NO 8 

1905 NO. 9 n 

1906 NO. 14

/

p

x

X

07

7/3

/

/

'

^

(

3*

x/ 

i.i

c jf

^

//n

¥

' 

e .

Ve

30

^x

/

locit

2.(

x

A

y in

0

/

^

/*

3

feet

3(

$/

*°/

/

per

0

M

A,

^

 

secc

4.

-f

$

7

nd

)0 

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80.000 90,000 

Discharge in second-feet

o

PIG. 2. Discharge, area, and mean-velocity curves for Potomac Ri
INTRODUCTION. 21

The plotting of results of the various discharge measurements, using 

gage heights as ordinates, and discharge, mean velocity, and area as 

abscissas, will define curves which show the discharge, mean velocity, 

and area corresponding to any gage height. For the development of 

these curves there should be, therefore, a sufficient number of discharge measurements to cover the range of the stage of the stream. 

Fig. 2 shows a typical rating curve with its corresponding meanvelocity and area curves.

As the discharge is the product of two factors, the area and the 

mean velocity, any change in either factor will produce a corresponding change in the discharge. Their curves are therefore constructed 

in order to study each independently of the other.

The area curve can be definitely determined from accurate soundings extending to the limits of high water. It is always concave 

toward the horizontal axis or on a straight line, unless the banks of 

the stream are overhanging.

The form of the mean-velocity curve depends chiefly on the surface 

slope, the roughness of the bed, and the cross section of the stream. 

Of these, the slope is the principal factor. In accordance with the 

relative changes of these factors the curve may be either a straight 

line, convex or concave toward either axis, or a combination of the 

three. From a careful study of the conditions at any gaging station 

the form which the vertical velocit}r-curve will take can be predicted, 

and it may be extended with reasonable certainty to stages beyond 

the limits of actual measurements. Its principal use is in connection 

with the area curve in locating errors in discharge measurements and 

in constructing the rating table.

The discharge curve is defined primarily by the measurements of 

discharge, which are studied and weighted in accordance with the 

local conditions existing at the time of each measurement. The curve 

may, however, best be located between and beyond the measurements by means of curves of area and mean velocity. The discharge 

curve under normal conditions is concave toward the horizontal axis 

and is generally parabolic in form.

In the preparation of the rating table the discharge for each tenth 

or half tenth on the gage is taken from the curve. The differences 

between successive discharges are then taken and adjusted according 

to the law that they shall either be constant or increasing.

The determination of daily discharge of streams with changeable 

beds is a difficult problem. In case there is a weir or dam available, a 

condition which seldom exists on streams of this class, the discharge 

can be determined by its use. In case of velocity-area stations frequent discharge measurements must be made if the determinations of 

flow are to be other than rough approximations. For stations with 

beds which shift slowly or are materially changed only during floods
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IK 1906.

rating tables can be prepared for periods between such changes and 

satisfactory results obtained with a limited number of measurements, 

provided that some of them are taken soon after the change occurs. 

For streams with continually shifting beds, such as the Colorado and 

Rio Grande, discharge measurements should be made every two or 

three days and the discharges for intervening days obtained either by 

interpolation modified by gage height or by Professor Stout's method, 

which has been described in full in the Nineteenth Annual Report of 

the United States Geological Survey, Part IV, page 323, and in the 

Engineering News of April 21, 1904. This method, or a graphical 

application of it, is also much used in determining the flow at stations 

where the bed shifts but slowly.

COOPERATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Assistance has been rendered or records furnished by the following, 

to whom special acknowledgment is due:

Maine State survey commission, L. A. Lee, chairman, C. S. Hichborn, secretary and treasurer, and William Engel; Bangor and 

Aroostook Railroad; Maine Central Railroad; Washington County 

Railroad; Portland and Rumford Falls Railroad; Montpelier and 

Wells River Railroad; H. S. Ferguson, engineer of Great Northern 

Paper Company; H. C. Lord; F. E. Boston, agent, and James L. Dean, 

engineer, for the Hollingsworth & Whitney Company; Joseph A. 

Warren, of S. D. Warren & Co.; C. A. Mixer, engineer for the Rumford Falls Power Company; Walter H. Sawyer, agent Union Water 

Power Company, Lewiston, Ale.; J. Brodie Smith, manager of Manchester Traction Light and Power Company; R. A. Hale, principal 

assistant engineer Essex Company, Lawrence, Mass.; Frederic P. 

Stearns, chief engineer of the Metropolitan water and sewerage 

board; Otis Company and George II. Gilbert Manufacturing Company, 

Ware, Mass.; John T. F. MacDonnell, Holyoke, Mass.; E. E. Lochridge, engineer for the Springfield water department.

ATLANTIC COAST OF NEW ENGLAND DRAINAGE.

ST. JOHX RIVER DRAINAGE BASIX.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

St. John River drains the largest basin between St. Lawrence River 

on the north and Susquehanna River on the south. Its total drainage 

area, is stated by Wells 0 to be 26,000 square miles, of which approximately 7,500 square miles lie in Maine, its basin occupying the whole 

northern portion of the State. The extreme headwaters lie in the 

mountainous region between Maine and Canada, at elevations of 

1,500 and 2,000 feet; thence its waters (low at first generally northa Wells, Walter, The water power of Maine, 1869.
ST. JOHN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 23

eastward through Maine. From the point of junction of the northwest and southwest branches, where the river first takes its name, to 

its junction with St. Francis River, a distance of 90 miles, its course 

lies wholly in Maine, though a portion of the tributary area lies in 

Canada. In this distance Allegash River is the only tributary of 

importance. Wells estimates the average slope in the 90 miles to be 

1.6 feet per mile. From its junction with St.- Francis River the St. 

John forms the northern boundary of Maine for 70 miles. Within this 

distance the slope is slightly greater than above, having been estimated at 2.7 feet per mile, while the volume is considerably augmented by two important tributaries Fish River from the south and 

Madawaska River from the north. At the point where it leaves the 

State line the river has an elevation of about 420 feet above sea level 

and drains an area of 8,765 square miles, of which 4,670 square miles 

are in Maine and 4,095 square miles in Canada. Beyond this point 

it receives the waters of Aroostook and Meduxnekeag rivers, the 

basins of which are almost entirely in Maine, besides several smaller 

tributaries having their sources, and in some cases a large portion of 

their drainage basins in the same State.

Both the Allegash and upper St. John rivers are generally inaccessible. The middle St. John, forming the northern boundary of the 

State, may be reached on the Canadian side at any point by the 

Temiscouata Railway, and on the Maine side at Fort Kent and Van 

Buren by the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad. The basins of Fish 

and Aroostook. rivers are easily accessible by the latter road. The 

drainage areas of the principal tributaries are given in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 165, page 20.

ST. JOHN RIVER, AT FORT KENT, ME.

This station was established October 13, 1905. It is located at the 

footbridge which crosses the St. John near Fort Kent post-office, a 

short distance above the point where Fish River enters the St. John. 

The conditions at this station and the bench marks are described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 21.

Discharge measurements of St. John River at Fort Kent, Me., 1905-6.

Date.

1905. 

October 13»....

1906. 

May 29........

Hydrographer.

F. E. Pressey.................................

F. E. Pressey. ............................. .

Width.

Feet. 

230

656

431

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

385

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

660

1,420

a- Measured partly from a boat and partly by wading.
24 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IK 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. John River at Fort Kent, Me., for 1905-6.

2...........................

3...........................

5...........................

6...........................

8...........................

g

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19

21...........................

22 ...........................

23.........:.................

24. ..........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

19

Oct.

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.45

2.8

3. 35

4.35

3.65

3.4

3.05

o 1

2.8

05.

Nov. Apr.

3.9 ..-..-..

4.1 _. ....

5. 15 ........

4.9 ........

I

........ 8.9

........ 8.8

........ 8. 75

9 05

........ 9.9

........ 10. 35

May.

10.6

11.85

12.6

12.9

13 25

100

I9 9

100-

11.8

11.3

10.6

9 9

9.3

9 1

9.0

9 0

8 9

8.85

8 45

7.9

6 95

6.85

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.5

0.5

Juno.

6.45

6.15

5 9

5.75

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.45

4.5

4.75

5.3

6.15

6.85

7 95

1906.

July.

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.8

q 7

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0

Aug.

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

9 Q",

q 1 -

3.25

3.3

3.15

9 Q^

2.8

Oct.

3.2

3.95

4.3

4.25

3.95

0 A

Nov.

0 (\

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

q r

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.35

3.45

3.5

3.85

4.4

4.3

4.3

NOTE. From August 16 to October 20,1906, inclusive, gage readings were reported at 2.8 feet, but during much of the time were probably below this, as gage could not be read.

Rating table for St. John River at Fort Kent, Me., for 1905-6.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3-70

3.80

Dis- j 

charge.

Sec.-ft.

550

630

710

800

900

1,010

1,130

1,270

1,420

1,580

1,740

1,910

2,090

2,280

2,480

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,680

4.00 2,890

4.10 3,110

4.20 3,340

4.30 3,580

4.40 3,830

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

4,090

4,350

4,610

4,880

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6,620 ii 7.80

5.50 6,930

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00 «

('). 20

6.40

6.60

5,150 :. 6.80

5,430

5,720

6,010

6,310

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7,250

7,580

7,910

8,250

 8,590

9,280

10,000

10,730

11,470

12,220

13,000

13,800

14,610

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

13.3

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

15,430

16,250

17,090

17,930

18,780

19, 640

20,500

24, 950

29, 550

34,250

39,050

40,520

NOTE. The ab&ve table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on three discharge 

measurements made during 1905-6. This curve should be fairly accurate, bttt is subject to re vision later 

when more data become available.
ST. JOHN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

Monthly discharge of St. John River at Fort Kent, Me., for 1905-6.

25

[Drainage area, 5,280 square miles.]

Month.

1905 

October (13-31) ...............................

1906.

May. ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3.700 

5,800

27,900 

40, 500 

16,000 

4.880 

1,580 

4,090 

3,830

Minimum.

590 

1, 660

19,400 

10,400 

3,900 

1,130 

900 

1,420 

1.660

Mean.

1,

3,

23, 

24,

7, 

3, 

1, 

2 2'

350 

980

300 

000 

090 

060 

070 

550 

220

Run-off.

Sec. -ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.256 

.754

4.41 

4.55 

1.34 

.580 

.203 

.483 

.421

Depth in 

inches.

0.18 

.20

1.64 

5.25 

1.50 

.67 

.12 

.20 

.39

NOTE. The above values arc only approximate, owing to errors in gage-height observations. 

FISH RIVER AT WALLAGRASS, ME.

This station was established July 29, 1903. It is located at Wallagrass, Ale., just below the outlet of Wallagrass Brook. The conditions 

at this station and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 165, page 21, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Fish River at Wallagrass, Me., in 1906.

Date. Hydrographer.

.....do....................

.....do............... ...

.....do....................

. ...do....................

Width.

Feet. 

95

106

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

240

Gage 

height .«

Feet.

4 99

2.50

Gage 

height.''

Feet. 

3 91

5.12

Thickness of ice.

Feet.

1 9^

..........

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

196

390

A 9£fl

175

a To water surface. &To top of ice.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Fish Hirer at Wallagrass, Me., for 1906.

Day.

2

5.. ........ .....

6...............

$'.'.'.'.'.'. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.

9...............

10..---..........

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

....... .......! 4.3 .......

....... ....... ....... * A.I ^9 

2.9 .-... ....... .......

..................... 3.2

....... ....... 4.3 3.2 

....... 3.5 ..............

3.1 .... ....... ..

... ...... ....... 3.2

....... 3.9 5.1 3.3

....... ....... ....... 3.5

May. June. ' July.

8.8 ....... 5.8

9.3 8.6 .......

12.0 7.3 4.9 

13.0 ....... .......

........ ...... 4.4

13.5 7.0 4.3

.............. 4.2

Aug.

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.5

Sept.

2.1

~2.Y 

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Oct.

1 9

1 9

1 8

i.'s"

1 Q

3.0

9 Q

1 0

Nov.

4.8

4.5 

4 9

Dec.

4.2

4.5

4.5

4.5 

4.4

5.2

4 9

4.8

4.8

17.---.-.........

18...............

19...............

20....... . ... 3.0 3.8 4.7 ....... 6.0 ...--.. 2.4 2.0

3.5

3.7

3.7

4.4 ......
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY TK 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Fish River at Wallagrass, Me., for 1906 Continued.

Day.

21. ..............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31... ...

Jan.

3.3

3.4

Feb. Mar.

4.G

Apr.

5.3

6.0

G.8

7 2

8.4

May.

12.7

12.3

11.0

10.8

10.5

9.4

8.8

June

4.7

6.0

G.O

5.9

July.

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.3

3.2

Aug.

2.4

2.4

2.3

9 Q

9 0

Sept.

1 9

1 Q

2.0

Oct.

3.8

3.9

4.5

4.7

Nov. Dec.

4.3 ......

4.1 ......

4.4 ......

4.3 I......

NOTE. The following ico conditions prevailed during 1£06: River frozen from January 1 to about 

April 20; ice began to wear a way about March 25; there was no ice near gage or measuring section after 

April 5. There was ice along both shores during December, but river did not freeze entirely across. 

During the frozen period gage heights were taken to water surface, through a hole in the ice. The 

following comparative readings were taken:

Comparative ice and water readings.

Date.

February 20..............

Water 

surface.

Feet.

3.1

o A

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.9

3.8

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.6

3.9

3.9

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

0.1

.8

.65

.9

1.25

1.35

Date.

March 23. ...............

March 28 o. ..............

Water 

surface.

Feet. 

4.3

4.3

5.2

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.8

Top of 

ice.

Feet.

4.2

5.2

4.6

5.0

4.9

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet.

.85

1.3

.1

.8

1.3

a Open channel in midstream; thickness of ice given is at gage, near shore.

Plating table for Fish River at Wallagrass, Me. 

OPEN-CHANNEL CONDITIONS, 1903 TO 1906.«

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

59

72

86

102

120

139

159

180

203

227

252

279

307

336

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

Discharge.

Scc.-ft.

366

397

429

462

496

531

567

604

642

681

721

762

803

845

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

888

932

977

1,023

1,070

1,167

1,268

1,372

1,479

1,590

1,705

1,824

1,946

2,071

Gage 

height.

F et.

.00

.20

.40

.60

.80

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

: 14.00

Discharge,

Sec.-ft.

2,200

2, 331

2,464

2,599

2,738

2,880

3,650

4,520

5,490

6,550

7,050

8,850

a This table is applicable only for ,>pen-channrl conditions. It is based on discharge measurements 

made during 1903-1906, and is well defined.

FROZEN SEASON, 1906.a

Gage

height.

Feet.

2.30

2.50

2.70

Dis- i Gage

charge. height.

Sec.-ft.

140

170

200

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2.90 ' 230

3. 10 260

3. 30 290

Gaere Disheight.

Feet.

charge.

Sec.-ft.

3.50 1 320

3.70 355

3.90 390

 Gage

height.

Fret.

4.10

4.30

4.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

425

460

495

a This table is applicable only for ice-covered conditions using gage heights to bottom of ice. It is 

based on 4 discharge measurements made during 1906, and is fairly well denned between gage heights 

2.5 feet and 4 feet.
ST. JOHN RIVES DRAINAGE BASIN.

Monthly discharge of Fish River at Wallagrass, Me., for 1906.

27

[Drainage area, 890 square miles.]

' Month.

April....................................... ...

Mav...... ....................................

June. .... .... . . ... ....

July . ...... ..... .... ... .............

The Tear ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum.

3,170 

8,490 

3,410 

1,480 

336 

120 

932 

1,070

305 

3.490 

888 

351 

120 

72 

59 

G81

Mean.

193 

202 

380 

953 

6,330 

2,010 

753 

206 

92.8 

419 

860 

561

1,080

Run-off.

Sec.-ft.per 

sq. mile.

0.217 

.227 

.427 

1.07 

7.11 

2.26 

.846 

.231 

.104 

.471 

.966 

.630

1.21

Depth in 

inches.

0.25 

.24

.49 

1.19 

8.20 

2.52 

.98 

.27 

.12 

.54 

1.08 

.73

16.61

NOTE. Values arc rated as follows: January to March and December, fair; September, good; 

remainder of year excellent.

AEOOSTOOK RIVER AT FORT FAIRFIELD, ME.

This station was established July 31, 1903. It is located at the 

steel highway bridge in the village of Fort Fairfield. The conditions 

and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, 

page 24, where are given also references to publications that contain 

data for previous years.

A measurement was made August 17, 1906, by F. E. Pressey, 

with the following results:

"Width, 269 feet; area, 515 square feet; gage height, 3.44 feet; discharge, 488 secondfeet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Aroostook River at Fort Fairfield, Me., for 1906.

Day.

1............... 

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

13............... 

14...............

16...............

17...............

19...............

21...............

22............... 

23.... ..........

24...............

25...............

Jan.

3.0

3.6

Feb.

4.5

Mar. Apr.

....... 5.4

4.75 .......

....... 5.7

4 8 8 5

9.7

....... !>. 45

....... 10. 75

4.75 9.9

May.

11.9 

12.3 

12.65

12.15

12.5 

12.85

13.35

100

13.05 

12.4

12.3 

12.0

12.45 

11.7 

11.35

11.0

10.65 

10 9

9.75

8.8

8.2

7.8

June.

6.75 

6.6

7.4

' 7.85 

7.3.3

G.9

6.4 

6.45

.3 

.95

.9 

. 15

4.55

4. 35

4.2 

4.2

4.3

4.9

July.

4. 95

4.7

4.2

4.05 

4.2

4.1

A (\\

4.1 

4.0

4.15 

4.3

4.05 

3.95 

4.0

3.9

4 QT

4.2

4.65 

4.9

5.2

5.0

4.85

4.5

Aug.

4.35 

4.05 

3.85

3.7

3.8 

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.8 

3.7

3. 75 

3.85

3.7 

3. 75 

3.65

3 7

3.5

3.45

3.4 

3.35

3.3

3.35 

3.4

3.2

3.3

Sept.

3.25 

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.2 

3.1

3.15

3.1 3.1- 

3.2

3.2 

3.3

3.25 

3.3 

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2 

3.25

3.25

3.2 

3.2

3.2

3.3

Oct.

3.3 

3.35 

3.4

3.4

3.3 

3.35

3.35

3.4

3.35 

3.5

7.45 

9.25

8.4 

8.45 

7.45

6.15

5.85

5.5 

5.0

4.8

4.7 

4.7

4.65

4.65

Nov.

4.6 

4.6 

4.5

4.5

4.5 

4.4

4.4

"4.T

4.~4

4.6

4.5 

4.5

4.4

4.4 

4.5

4.4

4.4

Dec.

4.4 

4.4

4.95

5.75 

6.6

"5."6"
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily gage height, infect, of Aroostook Riicr at Fort Fairfield, Me., for 1906 Cont'd.

Day.

26...............

27...............

31...............

Jan.

4.6

Fel). Mar. Apr. May. June.

11.0.-) 7.75 5.35

11.2 7.45 5.35

....... G.o .....

July.

4.05

Aug.

3 25

9 9

3 4

3.4

3.4

3.4

Sept.

3.3

*t 0 or

3 9

3 9 5

Oct. Nov.

46' 43

Dec.

NOTE. The following ice conditions prevailed during 1906: River frozen January 1 to April 17, inclusive, and December 6 to 31, inclusive; ice began to go put April IS. During the frozen period gage 

heights were taken to water surface through a hole in the ice. The following comparative readings were 

taken:

Date. Water 

surface.

Feet. 

3. 0

..... 3.6

.....i 3.9

..... 4.2

.....' 4. 6

4 T

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.9

4.6

Thickness 

of ice.

Fed. 

1.0

1.1

1.6

1.9

1.9

Date. siirface

Feet.

March 25 ..... .... . 4. 75

December 23.. ..... . 5.0

Tr"

Feet. 

4.6

4.8

5.9

of ice.

Feet. 

1.9

1 9

1 9

1.8

1 S

0.8

a Water above top of ice. 

Rating table for AroostooJc River at Fort Fairfield, Me., for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

400

4.10

4.20

4.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

180

Gage 

height.

Feft.

4.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft

1,664

240 4.50 1.822

310 4. 60

3KO 4. 70

480 4. 80

580 ' 4. 90

690

810

940

1.075

1,215

MHO

1.510

1,984

2,150

2,320

2,494

5. 00 2, 672

5.10 2,854

5.20 - 3.040

5. 30 3, 230

5. 40 3, 423

5. 50 3, 619

5.00 3,818

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.20

G. 40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,019

4,222

4,427

4, 635

5,060

5,495

5,940

6,395

6,865

7,345

7,840

8, 360

8,910

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9,500

10, 100

10,710

11,330

11,960

9. 00 12, 600

10.00 15,910

11.00 19.400

12. 00 23, 000

13.00 26, 700

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharg 

measurements made during 1903-1906, and is well defined.

Monthly discharge of Aroostook River at Fort Fairfield, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 2,230 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per Depth in 

sq. mile. inches.

April (18-30). 

May........

June........

July...........

August........

September......

October........

November.....

December (1-6).

20,700

28,000

9,060

3,040

1,590

310

13.400

1,980

5,940

.11,000

5,720

1,290

940

240

180

310

1,510

1,060

16,300

18,400

4,000

1,600

620

254

3,120

1,740

2,940

7.31

8.25

1.79

.718

.278

.114

1.40

.780

1.32

3.53

9.51

2.00

.83

.32

.13

1.61

NOTE. The above values are excellent.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY R NO. 201 PL. Ill

A. PLANT OF ST. CROIX PAPER COMPANY AT SPRAGUE'S FALLS, MAINE.

11 SACO RIVER BELOW SALMON FALLS DAM, MAINE.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906. 29

ST. CROIX RIVER DRAINAGE BASIX.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIX.

St. Croix River is formed by two branches; one, known as the upper 

St. Croix or Chiputneticook River, is the outlet of Schoodic Lakes, the 

other, Kennebasis River, is the outlet of the western lakes of the area, 

known as Kennebasis Lakes. The upper St. Croix, with its tributary 

lakes, forms nearly half of the eastern boundary of Maine, separating 

that State from New Brunswick. The total drainage area of the main 

stream is about 1,630 square miles, of which 920 square miles are 

tributary to the great reservoir systems controlled by dams at Vanceboro and Princeton. The length of the stream from the headwaters 

to the mouth is 100 miles. The basin is, in general, lower than that of 

any of the larger streams of the State flowing into the Atlantic, its 

headwaters having an elevation of about 540 feet. The fall from 

Chiputneticook (the lower of the Schoodic Lakes) to tide water, a 

distance of 54 miles, is, however, 382 feet, or 7 feet to the mile. At a 

number of places, where falls and rapids occur, water power has been 

or can easily be developed.

The lake surface area of the upper St. Croix is approximately 50 

square miles and that of West Branch 70 square miles, taking into 

account only the principal lakes and ponds. Indeed, above Vanceboro and Princeton, each branch of the river is simply a succession of 

lakes to almost the extreme headwaters. Wells estimated the total 

lake surface of the St. Croix as not less than 150 square miles, or nearly 

one-tenth of the total basin. The drainage area at various points on 

the river is given in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 27.

There are on this stream favorable locations for paper and pulp 

mills, and during 1905 the St. Croix Paper Company developed 

Spragues Falls with a 6,000-horsepower installation of wheels, to 

utilize a head of from 40 to 44 feet.

ST. CROIX RIVER NEAR WOODLAND, ME.

This station was 'established December 4, 1902, at a point a short 

distance above Spragues Falls, now called Woodland, near Baring; 

on June 8, 1905, it was moved about li miles downstream to avoid 

backwater effects caused by the building of a paper mill and dam at 

Spragues Falls (see PI. Ill, A}. The conditions at the station and the 

bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 28, 

where are given also references to publications that contain data for 

previous years.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Discharge measurements of St. Croix River near Woodland, Me., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905.

October 5......

November 20*.

1906.

April 25........

May 25.........

Ilydrographer.

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

F. E. Pressey................................

.....do.... ....................................

.....do........................................

..:.. do.. ......................................

.....do........................................

Width.

Feet.

292

28-3

288

315

311

298

296

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,090

7QA

785

1 9?0

1,930

1,080

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7 7*3

6.75

6.69

10.50

7.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,170

995

7,790

3,370

1,980

a Anchor ice probably affected results. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Croix River near Woodland, Me., for 1906.

Day.

1......... ......

2

3...............

4...............

5...............

7...............

8... .

9...............

10...............

11........... ..

12...............

13...............

14............ .

15...............

16...............

17...............

18... ...........

19...............

20...............

21...............

23...............

24...............

26...............

28

29...............

31...............

Jan.

8.5

8.7

8.7

8.7

9 4

12.9

10.0

Feb.

8.9

9 4

9.4

9 4

Mar.

o o

8.9

8.6

9 4

9.3

Apr.

6.1

7.9

10.2

]0. 4

10.4

10.6

10.6

May.

10.2

10.2

10.1 

10.1

9.9

9 8

9 7

9 6

9.4

9.1

8.8

8.7

8.7

8.6

8.5

8.5 8.5

8.4

8.4

9.6

9.6

9.6

9.4

June.

9.2

9.2

9.2 

9.3

9.4

9.3

9.2

9.1

9.0

8.8

8.7

8.7

8.6

8.5

8.2

7.8

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.8

July.

.5

.5 

.4

7.9

8.0

8.1

8.2

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.4

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.3

8.5

8.6

Aug.

8.7

8.7

8.5

8.4

8.3

8.2

8. 1

8.6

7.9

7.9

7.8

7.8

7.8

76

7.5

7.4

7.45

7. 4

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.2

Sept.

7.2

7'f

7.4 

7 ^

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.0

7.0

6.9

0.9

7. 1

7.3

7.4

6.4

6. 4

Oct.

7.0

7.1

7.1

7.0

7.0 

6.9

6.9

7.0

7.2

7.4

7. 5

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.9

7.9

7.9

8.0

8.1

8. 1

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.3

8.3

Nov.

8.3

8.3

8.7 

8.4 7.8'

7.7

7. 7

7.7

7.4

7.5

7.7

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.7

7.6

6.6

7.0

7.3

7.5

Dec.

7 3

7.3

7.3 

7.3

7. 7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.5

7.7

7-6

7.5

7.6

7.7

NOTE. The following ice conditions prevailed during 1906: River frozen January 1-26; ice partly 

went out on the latter date; again frozen from about February 1 to April 15: river clear of ice April 26. 

In December some ice formed near the gage, but the river did not freere over. During the frozen 

period gage heights were taken to water surface through a hole in the ice.

The following comparative readings were taken:
'ST. CROIX RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 31

Comparative ice and water readings.

Date. Water

surface.

Feet.

8 7

Top of 

ice.

Feet.

9.4 ........

12.9 .

8 9

.....-' 9. 4

9 4

8.9 

9.4 

9.5

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

1.8 

1.4

Date.

March Hi. ...............

.0 March '>:>. ......

1.3 

1.0 

1.0

Water 

surface.

Feet. 

8.8 

8.9 

8.6 

9.4 

9.3 

6 1

Top of

ice.

Feet. 

8.9 

8.9 

9.4 

9.4 

9.3

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

1.55 

1.5 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6 

(»)

"Ice all gone in midstream. f>No ice at gage.

Rating table for St. Croix Rirer near Woodland, Me., from July 1 to May 14, 1905, and 

October 26 to December 31. 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.00

6.10

0.20

0.30

6.40

0.50

6.00

6.70

0-30

0.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

480

545

015

090

770

800

950

1,050

1, 150

1,250

Gage 

height.

Feet.

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

7.80

7.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,300

1,470

1,590

1,710

1,830

1,960

2,090

2,230

2,370

2,510

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.00

8.10

8.20

8.30

8.40

8.50

8.60

8.70

8.80

8.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,660

2,810

2,970

3,130

3,300

3,470

3,650

3,830

4,010

4,200

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.00

9.80

10.00

10.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,390

4,790

5,210

5,640

6,090

6,550

7,020

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on eight discharge measurements made during-1905-0 and is fairly well defined between gage heights 6.2 feet and 

11 feet. From about May 15 to about October 25,1906, the flow was affected by backwater, the table has 

been applied during this period by taking the discharge as that given for a gage height 0.3 foot 

lower than the observed height.

Monthly discharge of St. Croix River near Woodland, Me., for 1905-6. 

[Drainage area, 1,420 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

1905. 

July.................. .........................

October

1906.

July...... .....................................

Maximum.

4,390

2,370

1,150

690

1,250

7,020

4,590

3,130

3t300

1,710

3, 130

3, 830

2,230

Minimum.

2,600

1,050

690

480

480

2,810

1,710

1,470

1,250

950

950

1,710

Mean.

3,210

1,420

964

549

756

4,670

3.090

2,410

2,100

1,150

2,020

2,310

2,040

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

2.26

1.00

.679

.387

.532

3.29

2.18

1.70

1.48

.810

1.42

1.63

1.44

Depth in 

inches.

2.61

1.15

.76

.45

.59

3.79

2.43

1.96

1.71

.90

1.64

1.82

1.66

NOTE. Values for 1905 are rated as follows: October, good; remainder of 1905, excellent. Values for 

1906 are rated as follows: All months good, except September and October, which are fair, owing to 

errors in gage height observations.
32 SUBFACE WATEPi SUPPLY IN 1906.

MACIIIAS RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The Machias may be taken as fairly representative of several of the 

smaller streams of Maine which empty their waters directly into the 

ocean and which are commonly referred to as " coastal rivers." Its 

total drainage basin is 495 square miles, nearly all of which lies in 

Washington County, Me. Its extreme headwaters lie at an elevation 

of nearly 500 feet, and are not more than 50 miles from tide water. 

Wells listed 20 lakes in this basin, aggregating 29.5 square miles in 

area of water surface. Without important exception these lie, however, in the extreme headwaters. Dams are maintained at several of 

the outlets of the lakes, and the stored water is used for log driving.

MACHIAS EIVEE NEAR WHITNEYVILLE, ME.

This station was established October 17, 1903, at the bridge of the 

Washington County Railway, near Whitneyville. The drainage area 

at this point is 465 square miles. The conditions and the bench marks 

are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 30, where are 

given also references to publications that contain data for previous 

years. The original gage, of the standard chain type, was attached 

to the guard timber on the downstream side of the railroad bridge, but 

on October3, 1905, a vertical wooden staff gage was placed on one of 

the piers of the wooden highway bridge, about one-half mile upstream 

from the railroad bridge, and all gage heights given below are by this 

new gage, which is read by Ira S. Albee. The bench mark is a marked 

point on an outcropping ledge 25 feet downstream from the bridge on 

the left bank; elevation, 15.54 feet; the reference point is a marked 

point on a timber behind the gage; elevation, 9.33 feet. Elevations 

refer to datum of gage. Measurements are made from the railroad 

bridge, as formerly.

Discharge measurements of Machias Hirer near Whitneyville, Me., in 1906.

Date.

April 24. .......

Ilydrographer.

F, E. Pressey.. ............................... 

.....do.. ..... .................................

.....do................ ........................

.....do................-....--...---..--.-..-...

Width.

Feet. 

124 

126

125

125

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

1,050 

830

605

650

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.01 

5.49

3.45

4.11

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

2,710 

1,460

315

535
MACHIAS RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 33

Daily gage height, in feet, of Machias River near WhitTieyville, Me., for 1905.

Day.

1. ........................

2.........................

3. ........................

4... ... . . .........

5.........................

6. ........................

7......... ...............

8.........................

9.........................

10. ........................

11.........................

12. ........................

13.........................

14.........................

16.........................

Oct. j Nov.

3. 6 2. 9

3. 4 4. 5

3. 3 4. 45

3. 2 4. 5

2. 9 4. 85

2. 8 , 4. 8

3. 2 ! 4. 8

3.2 , 4.7

3. 2 4. 2

3. 25 3. 6

3. 3 3. 75

3. 3 3. 7

3. 0 3. 7

3. 35 3. 6

Dec.

4.25

4.1

5.1

6.9

5.1

4.8

4.35

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.8

4.35

4 55

4.3

Day.

17........................

18........................

19........................

20........................

21........................

22........................

23........................

24........................

25........................

26........................

27........................

28........................

29........................

30........................

Oct.

3.3

3.25

3.1

2.9

3.3

3.0

3.4

3.35

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.25

2.85

3.05

3.0

Nov.

4.85

4.85

4.4

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.45

3.45

4.2

Dec.

4.05

3.95

3.85

3.8

3.9

4.05

4.55

4.4

4.45

4.1

4.0

3.9

4.4

Daily gage height, infect, of Machias River near Whitneyville, Me., for 1906.

Day.

2...............

0

4. ..............

5...............

6. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

Ifi...... .........

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21............. .

22...............

23...............

24. ........ ... .

25...............

26............... 

27............... 

28. ..............

29. ..............

30. ..............

31......... ....

Jan.

4.8

4.4

4.4

4.5

5.4

5.4

4.6

3.9 

4.0

3.8

3.9

4.1

4.3

7.4

7.3

6.8

6.2

0.0

6.2

6.4

0.4 

6.3

5.3

4 9

Feb.

4.0

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.1

4.2

4 2

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.4 

5.4

Mar.

4.5

4.4

4.3

6.7

6.6

5.7

4.8

6.8

6.2 

5.7

5.1

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4 4.5z, 

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2 

4.3

0.4

6.7

6.8

Apr.

6.0

5.2

5.4

5.9

K 0

5.2

5.1 

4.8

4.6

4 9

6.3

9.8

9.4

8.1

6.5

6.8

6.8

7 1

8.0

7.8 

7.5

7 2

7.1

May.

7.7

7.6

7.2

7.2

7 9

7.9

7 2

6.5 

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.1

5.8

5.4

5.7

6.1

6.2

T 7

5.5

5.4

5.5 

5.6

7 9

9.4

June.

7.8

7.6

7.5

7.2

7.1

7.4

7.7

7.2

6.8 

6.1

5.0

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.0

5.2

4.8

4.8

n ^

5.4

5.3 

5.0

5.3

5.8

July.

5.8

4.8

4.8

5.1

5.3

5.0

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.7 

6.7

6.9

7.1

6.3

5.4

5.1

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.0 

4.0

3.9

4.0

Aug.

4.2

4.0

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6 

4.5

4.4

4.0

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.4 

3.4 

3 4

3.4

3.3

3.2

Sept.

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.1 

3.1

3.2

3,6

3.9

3.9

3.8

q £

3.6

3.5

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0

Oct.

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.5

2.7

2.8

3.7

4.0 

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.2

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.5

0 A

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.6 

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

Nov.

3.7

4.0

5.0

5.2

4.8

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.95

4.5

5.9

5.3

4.6

5.0

5.5

5.3

5.0

4 6

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.0

4.5

Dec.

4.1

4.2

4.4

4.2

3.8

3.8

3 9

3.9

4.0

4.0

4.0 

3.9

3.9

4.0

3.9

4.0 4 n

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.2

5.6

6.0

5.6

5.4

5.2 

5.2 

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.4

NOTE. The river does not usually freeze at or near the gage, and the flow is probably not greatly 

affected by ice conditions.

IKB 201 07 3
34 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY IN 1906.

PE1STOBSCOT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The Penobscot basin, which has a total area of about 8,500 square 

miles, lies wholly in Maine. It extends from the Atlantic Ocean on 

the south to the basin of the St. John on the north, a distance of 160 

miles, and from the New Brunswick boundary on the east to the 

Quebec boundary on the west, a distance of 115 miles. The general 

elevation of the basin is lower than that of the drainage basins to the 

west. The headwaters of the main river lie in the mountainous region 

on the boundary of Quebec, at an elevation of nearly 2,000 feet. 

The slopes of the upper tributaries are generally steep. Chesuncook 

Lake lies near the center of the basin at an elevation of 930 feet. 

From this point to tide water the distance along the river is about 121 

miles, indicating an average slope of 7.7 feet to the mile. This is concentrated at intervals by ledges where water power has been or may be 

developed. The water from about 800 square miles of the basin is 

discharged into the main river below its lowest available water power 

at Bangor. The drainage areas of the principal tributaries are given 

in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 33.

RIVER SURVEYS IN PENOBSCOT DRAINAGE.

In order to point out the power and storage possibilities in the 

Penobscot River drainage basin, surveys have been made as follows: 

From tide water to Seboomook Falls, near Northwest Carry, for the 

determination of the profile and plan of the river.

From the data collected sheets have been prepared showing, as far 

as available, profile of water surface, plan of the river, contours along 

the banks, and prominent natural or artificial features. The results of 

these surveys have been published on sheets and may be had on application to the Director of the Geological Survey.

PENOBSCOT RIVER AT MILLINOCKET, ME.

The discharge of Penobscot River at Millinocket has been computed 

and the data furnished by II. S. Ferguson, engineer for the Great 

Northern Paper Company. The conditions at the station and the 

bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 33, 

where are given also references to publications that contain data for 

previous years.
PENOBSCOT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 35 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Me., for 1906.

Day.

2.... ...........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8.........---...

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

18...............

19........ ......

20...............

21...............

22........ ......

23...............

24........ ......

25...............

26

27.. .............

28...............

29..... .. ......

30...............

31...............

Jan.

342

363

351

364

349

368

195

349

343

355

360

358

355

259

374

373

374

363

357

363

230

343

347

352

360

356

257

726

1,075

Feb.

833

943

480

998

918

843

835

800

802

763

634

645

791

516

811

640

657

818

647

825

483

795

790

786

Mar.

656

643

674

571

791

782

784

821

785

776

549

789

792

704

551

795

618

634

802

801

651

646

654

653

557

652

636

637

635

643

635

Apr.

548

634

636

636

616

637

628

556

644

624

636

640

637

520

1,122

1,061

1,030

1,198

1,202

1,249

2,036

2,044

2,372

o 494

2,490

2,502

(a)

2, 495

May.

2,541

2,511

2,511

2,511

2, 508

( a)

2,482

2,493

2,493

2,702

2,516

2,671

4,138

5,422

9,400

15, 769

17,972

18,635

18,110

35,819

11,154

4,068

6,815

11,800

9,376

6, 655

5,505

5,885

5,379

6,319

5,098

June.

5,071

5,051

4,836

4,579

4,236

6,047

2,944

2,911

3,328

5,973

6, 155

6,028

4,797

2,753

3,510

6,551

3,667

3,737

4,781

4,573

6,230

6,694

5,313

3 495

6,062

6,380

6,314

4,250

5,428

2,887

July.

7,619

7,708

2,431

3,554

4,062

2,752

2,531

4,882

2,534

2,521

3,927

5, 402

4,588

2,893

2,479

2,504

2,502

2,492

2,494

2,492

3,322

2,502

2,421

2,493

2, 513

2,690

4,188

3,692

5,556

5,578

Aug.

5, 830

6.329

4,015

3,641

3,699

3,983

4,015

4,104

4,614

4,540

4,270

4,027

4,062

3,334

2,575

2,575

2,575

2,575

2,618

2,575

2,575

2,575

2,299

2, 030

2,043

(a)

2,035

2,037

2,030

2,031

2,028

Sept.

2,042

(«)

1,999

(a)

1,994

1,983

1,984

2,035

(a)

2,039

2,036

2,034

2,039

2,055

2,032

2,030

2,041

2,039

2,035

2,044

2,024

2,032

(°)

2,029

2,031

2,052

2,040

2,045

2,025

(a)

Oct.

2,054

2,041

2,043

2,039

2,042

2,028

(a)

1,983

2,043

2,034

2,031

(a)

2,042

(a)

2,038

2,040

2,030

2,045

2,042

2,034

(a)

2,033

2,037

2,032

2,038

2,045

(a)

2, 065

2,032

2,032

Nov.

2,075

2,071

2,059

00

2,009

2,055

2,025

2,082

2,083

2,078

O)

2,057

2,075

2,074

2,075

2,074

2,062

(a)

2,050

2,054

2,063

2,056

2,055

2,056

f"r>l

(a\

2,043

u

2,039

2,031

Dec.

2,041

fa)

(a)

2,051

2,044

2,043

2,027

2,044

1,988

2,044

1,993

2,019

2,030

2,025

2,022

(a)

2,032

2,032

2,030

2,033

2,047

2,004

2,024

(»)

(«)

(a)

2,045

2,051

2,063

2,055

2,057

a- Owing to incompleteness of records discharge rate can not be computed.

Monthly discharge of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 1,880 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

July ..........................................

Maximum.

1,200

998

821

2,500

18,600

7,710

6,330

2,050

2,060

2,080

2,060

18,600

Minimum.

480

520

2,420

2,030

1,980

1 980

2,010

1,990

195

'Mean.

1,200

3,220

2 030

2,060

2,480

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.214

.397

.638

3.67

2.56

1.93

1.71

1.08

1 09

1.10

1.08

1.32

Depth in 

inches.

0.25

.41

.71

4.23

2 §5

2.22

1.97

1 20

1 23

1.24

18.00

NOTE. Discharges for missing days have been interpolated.

PENOBSCOT RIVER AT WEST ENFIELD, ME.

This station was established November 5, 1901, and prior to 1904 

was designated as being at Montague, Me. In 1904 the name of this 

village was changed to West Enfield. The gaging station is located 

at the steel highway bridge, about 1,000 feet below the mouth of
36 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Piscataquis River. The conditions and the bench marks are described 

in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 35, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Me., in 1906.

Date.

September 22 « .

October 24.....

Hydrographer.

University of Maine students, under direction

....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

Width.

Feet. 

690

665

650

625

865

850

843

860

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

2,640

2,500

2,510

2.320

2,230

5,300

4,040

5,340

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.60

2.40

2.30

2.10

2.05

6.80

5.60

4.15

5.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,13

3,64

3,59(

2,94

12, e«

8,32

12 80( '

a Average of three'measurements.

b Average of two measurements.

c Gage height at beginning 6.5 feet, at end 7.1 feet; poor measurement.

Daily gage height, infect, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Me., for 1906.

Day.

1...... .........

2............... 

3... ............

4............. .

5...............

fi............_..

8

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13....-----......

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

23!".!"!"."!"!!!

24...............

25. ..............

26............... 

27...............

28 .......

29............... 

30. .............. 

31...............

Jan.

2.3

2.2

2.8

"~3.8

5.2

7.3

i

""("i.O

Feb.

4.9

4.6

3.8

-----

Mar.

3.9

4.4

4.1

4.0 

4.2

Apr.

"«5.8"

6.05

6.25

6.6

6.7

6.65

6.7

6.75

6.3

6.3

6.85 

9.4

12 05

11.95 

11.6

11. 65 

11. 65 

11. 25

10. 8 

10. 85

10.9

11.1 

11. 25

May.

11.95 

12.35

12.4

12.25

12 3

12.1

12 25

13.4

12.2

11.65 

11.2

11.3

11.4

10.75

8.85 

7.8 

8.35

8.2

7.8 

8.0 

8. 15

June.

7.65

7.5

7.45

7.3

7.2

7.7

6 9

6.8

6.7

6.65

6.4

5.4

4.5 

4 05

4.25

4.7

4.7

4.75 

4.9

5.55 

5.85 

5.4

5.45

4. 35 

4.7

July.

4.25

3.75

4.25

4.5

4.25

4.4

4.85

4.25

3.75

5.2

4.5

4.05

4.0

4.05 

4.5 

4.4

4.3

4.05 

3.83

3.75

4.0 

3.5 

4.2

Aug.

4.5

4.4 

4.25

4.0

3.9

3.75

3.65

3.85

3.95

4.05

3.9

3.95

3.7

3.6

3.35 

3.35

3.35

3.4

3.05

3.3 

3.4

3.5 

3. 55 

3.8

3.5

3.3 

3.45

3.65

3.8 

3.9 

4.1

Sept.

3.45

3.0

2.95

3.4

3. 25

3.1

0 I)

2.75

2.6

2.6

2.65

2.5

2.6

2.55 

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.35 

2.6

2. 55 

2.3 

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.3

2.3 

2.2

Oct.

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.1

9 ^

2.3

2.8

6.3

6.6

5.0

4.5

4.35

3.9

3.75

3.55 

3.45

3.5 

3.75 

4.15

4.4

5.4

6.0

6.05

6.2 

6.15 

5.6

Nov.

5.45

5.4 

5.85

6.15

5.4

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.7

4.9 

5.0

5.25

5. 25

5.5

.5.5 

5. 35 

5. 25

4.75

4.5 

4.4

4.0

4.0

4. 25

Dec.

4.2

4.35 

4.7

6.0

6.0

6.0

5 9

5.9

5.9

5.7

"fl."6"

...... 

5. 5

NOTE. The following ice conditions prevailed during 1906:

River frozen from January 1 to April 15, except that narrow channel remained open near the right 

bank; river again frozen December 4-31, inclusive.

During frozen period gage heights were taken to water surface through a hole in the ice. The follow 

ing comparative readings were taken:
PENOBSCOT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 37

Comparative ice and water readings.

Date.

5 anua ry 21

Water 

surface.

Feet. 

2.3

2 2

2.8

0 0

6.6

4.6

3.8

Top of 

ice.

Feet.

'4.0

6.8

6.2

4.7

4.2

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

0.9

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.6

0.6

1.2

1.3

(a)

Date.

March 14.... ............

Aprils b... ....... .......

Water

surface.

Feet. 

3.9

4.4

4.1

4.0

o.9

5.0

6.0

o.5

Top of

ice.

Feet. 

4.0

4.0

4.2

3.9

5.8

5.7

5.1

6.1

5.6

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

(a)

(a)

1.8

1.7

cO.6

cO.8

cO.8

cO.6

a Open water in places and water on ioe; unsafe to go upon. 

& River open on east side under gage. 

f River not entirely frozen over.

Rating table for Penobscot River at West Enfield, Me., for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. ' Sec.-ft.

2.00 3,000

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3,170

3,350

3,530

3,720

3,920

4,130

4,340

4,560

4,790

5,020

5,260

5,500

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,740

3.40 ! 5,990

3.50

3.00

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

6,240

6,500

6,770

7,050

7,330

7,620

7,910

8,210

8,510

8,810

9,120

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

| 5.40

I 5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6. 80

Discharge.

See. -ft.

9,430

9,750

10,070

10, 390

10, 720

11,380

12,060

12,750

13,460

14,200

14,900

15,740

16, 550

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

13.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

17,390

18,260

19, 170

20, 120

21,110

22, 140

23,200

29,000

35,450

42,350

49,750

57, 600

60,800

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1901-6 and is well defined.

Monthly discharge of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 6,630 square miles.a]

Discharge in second-feet.

Month.

April (16-31) ..................................

July......................... ......... .......

Maximum.

50,900

60,800

12, 400

9,120

6,120

16,600

14,800

Minimum.

31,500

21,400

5,140

3,350

3,000

7,620

Mean.

40,600

6,850

8,230

11,000

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

6.68

6.12

1.29

540

1.24

1.66

Depth in 

inehes.

7.06

2.38

1.49

1.19

.71

1.43

1.85

Run-off.

a Includes Chamberlain Lake drainage. (See description of St. John River drainage basin, WaterSupply Paper. No. 165, p. 20.)

NOTE. The above values are rated as excellent.
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN" 1906.

EAST BRANCH PENOBSCOT RIVER AT GRINDSTONE, ME.

This station was established October 23, 1902. It is located at the 

Bangor and Aroostook Railroad bridge, one-half mile south of the 

railroad station. The conditions and the bench marks are described 

in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 38, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Daily gage height, in feet, of East Branch Penobscot River at Grindstone, Me., for 1906.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9... ......

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

10

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

99

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31

Jan.

4.5

A C

5.6

.......

.......

.......

'Feb.

5.4

5.1

....... 

5.1

---

:::::

5.0

Mar.

5.6

5.15

5.2

.......

5.2

.......

6.3

Apr.

6.3

5.7

8.3

8.7

8.7

8.7

7.8

8.05

8.4

8.7

8.9

9.1

May.

9.4

9.6

9.7

9.8

9.85

9 9

10.25

10.4

9.9

9.6

9.3

9.3

9.3

9.3

9.0

9.0

9.0

8.8

8.7

8.6

8.55

9.3

9.0

8.7

8.9

8.75

8.8

8.4

8.35

7.3

7.2

June.

7.1

7.2

7.9

7.1

8.4

8.65

8.7

8.65

8.65

8.7

8.65

7.35

7.75

7.25

6.85

6.55

7.8

6.55

6.45

6.4

6.5

5.6

5.85

5.75

5.45

5.25

5.4

4.85

4.85

July.

4.85

5.45

6.2

6.85

6.65

6.7

7.8

7.85

7.5

7.45

7.4

7.7

7.85

7.65

7.6

7.3

7.35

7.35

7.1

7.3

6.9

6.55

6.4

6.2

6.15

5.75

5.25

4.85

Aug.

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.4

4 35

4.35

4.2

4.25

4.3

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.35

4.3

4.25

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.5

4.65

4.9

5.3

5.45

Sept.

6.0

5.9

5.7

5.6

5.45

5.15

5.1

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.85

4.9

5.0

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.05

5.0 '

5.0

4.95

4.9

4.8

Oct.

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.7

5.05

5.85

6.4

6.8

6.7

6.5

6.4

6.15

6.1

5.8

5.55

5.45

5.4

5.2

5.15

5.1

5.0

5.05

5.15

5.05

4.9

4.8

Nov.

4.75

4.9

5.05

5.2

5.7

5.8

5.9

6.3

6.25

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.95

5.9

5.85

5.9

5.95

6.15

6.25

6.2

6.1

5.9

5.85

5.75

5.7

5.6

5.5

Dec.

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.15

5.1

5.0

4.95

4 9

4.85

4.85

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.45

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

NOTE. The following ice conditions prevailed during 1906: River frozen January 1 to April 21, and 

November 25 to December 31, inclusive. During the frozen period gage heights were taken to water 

surface through a hole in the ice. The following comparative readings were taken:

Comparative ice and water readings.

Date.

March 3. ..................

March 6. ..................

March 18..................

Water 

surface.

 

Feet. 

4.5

5.0

5.4

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.6

5.15

5.2

5.2

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

4.5

5.4

5.1

5.6

5.15

5.2

5.2

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

0.8

.9

.9

.9

1.2

1.4

1.8

2.1

1.9

2.0

2.0

Date.

March 25.... .............

April 12. .................

April 16. .................

Water 

surface.

Feet. 

6.3

6.3

5.7

8.3

5.85

5.3

4.85

4.6

4.4

4.3

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

6.3

6.3

5 7

8.3

4.4

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

2.0

1.8

1.4

1.2

.1

.2

.3

.8

1.0

1.2

Gage heights were probably affected by log jams on Grindstone Falls during June and up to JuJ^ 

26, when the river was reported clear. From August 27 to October 16, inclusive, a jam of poles and 

ties at the bridge was reported.
PENOBSCOT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 39

Rating table for East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Me., for 1905-6.

Dislargc.

ec.-ft.

855

940

1,030

1,130

1,235

1,345

1,460

1,580

1,705

1,840

1,980

2,130

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.50

6.60

6.70

0.80

6.90

7.00

7.20

7.40

7. 60

7.80

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

2,285

2,445

2,610

2,780

2,955

3,130

3,495

3,880

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.60

9. 80

4,285 jl 10.00

4,710

8.00 5,155

8.20 5,620

10.20

10.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

6,110

6,630

7,190

7,780

8,380

8,980

9,580

10,180

10,780

11,380

12,000

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on thirteen discharge measurements made during 1902-5 and is well defined.

Monthly discharge of East Branch Penobscot River at Grindstone, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 1,130 square miles.a]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

May...........................................

July. ........................................

November 1 24

Maximum.

12,000

4,820

1,290

2,780

1,980

Minimum.

4,710

3,500

540

540

210

455

405

482

Mean.

6,810

8,150

3,540

3,100

377

708

1,040

1,380

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

6.03

7.21

3.13

2.74

.334

.627

.920

1.22

Depth in 

inches.

2.24

8.31

3.49

3.16

39

.70

1.06

1.09

a Includes Chamberlain Lake drainage. See description of St. John River drainage basin, pp. 22-23. 

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April and May, excellent; June to October, fair; November, good.

MATTAWAMKEAG RIVER AT MATTAWAMKEAG, ME.

This station was established August 26, 1902. It is located at the 

Maine Central Railroad bridge in the village of Mattawamkeag. The 

conditions and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 165 7 page 41 7 where are given also references to publications that 

contain data for previous years.

A measurement was made August 23, 19067 by F. E. Pressey7 with 

the following results:

Width, 257 feet; area, 220 square feet; gage height, 3.08 feet; discharge, 250 secondfeet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Me., for 1906.

Day.

2. ..............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... 

10...............

Jan.

3.7

Feb.

8.7

8.4

8.0

7.7

9.5

Mar. Apr. May.

....... 9. 7 10. 4

.............. 10.6

.............. 10. 7

.............. 11.05

.............. 11.1

....... ....... 11.1

99 11 1

.............. 10.9 

.............. 10. 7

June.

7.05

0.7

7.35

7.1

6.6 

6.2

July.

4 2

4.0

4.2

4.5

4.35

4.4

4.25

3.95 

4.2

Aug.

3.8

3.8

3.75

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.6 

3.45

Sept.

3.25

3.2

3.3

3.6

3.6

3.6

3. 5 

3.5

Oct.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

3.0

3.3

3.65

Nov.

6.2

6.1

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.05

5 9

5.8 

5.85

Dec.

5.45

5.5

5.7
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Me., for 1906 

Continued.

Day.

11...............

12...............

13

14...............

15...............

16...............

18.. .............

19

20. ............

21...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.7

11.6

11.6

11.4

11.05

11.0

10.75

9.0

Feb.

9.5

8.8

9.3

Mar.

--

8.6

8.4

.......

Apr.

8.6

8.6

9.8

9.6

9.75

10.1

10.55

10.65

10.7

10.7

10.75

10.8

10.6

10.6

10.4

10.4

10.3

May.

10.7

10.4

10.1

9.9

9.95

9.55

9.25

8.9

8.8

8.25

7.5

7.2

7.05

7.4

7.2

6.55

6.5

6.4

6.45

6.8

6.8

June.

5.8

5.4

4.9

4.6

4.45

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.8

4.05

4.65

5.05

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.2

4.9

4.8

July.

4.1

4 ^

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.3

A 9

4 9

4.5

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

3.85

3.7

Aug.

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

r> 1

3.05

3.15

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.45

3.5

Sept.

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.65

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

Oct.

4.4

5.75

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.45

5.2

4.85

4.8

4.7

4.8

5.0

5.1

5.55

5.95

6.15

6.3

6.2

6.2

Nov.

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.9

5.9

6.0

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.5

5.3

Dec.

6.6

6.9

6.7

NOTE. Tho following ice condition prevailed during 1906: River frozen over January 1 to 24; open 

January 25 to February 3; frozen February 4 to April 13; clear of ice April 17. River frozen December 4 

to 31. During the frozen period gage heights were taken to water surface through a hole in the ice. 

The following comparative readings were taken:

Comparative ice and water readings.

Date.

February 25..............

Water 

surface.

Feet. 

3.7

3.7

3.8

7.7

9 5

9 5

9.3

9.2

Top of

ice.

Feet. 

3.7

3.7

3.8

7.7

Q 7

8.6

9.5

9.4

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet. 

1.1

1.3

1.5

.6

.8

Q

M

Q

1.0

Date.

March 12. ................

March 25. ................

Aprils...................

\V ater 

surface.

Feet. 

8.5

8.6

8.4

5.7

6.6

6.9

6.7

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

8.7

8.7

8.5

9.7

Q Q

5.8

6.7

7.0

6.8

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet. 

1.2

1.5

1. 4

1.2

K

.9

1.0

Rating table for Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Me., for 1905-6.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

86

100

114

134

160

190

223

258

295

334

375

420

470

525

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

590

660

736

818

906

1,000

1,100

1,206

1,318

1,436

1,559

1,687

1,817

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,949

2.083

2,219

2,359

2,505

2,658

2,818

2,985

3,160

3,525

3,900

4,285

4,675

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

10.00

11.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,075

5,495

5,920

6,360

6,810

7,275

7,750

8,235

8,730

9,235

9,750

12, 520

15,590

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on twenty-three 

di 'ischarge measurements made during 1902-6 and is well defined between gage heights 2.6 feet and 9.6

feet.
PENOBSCOT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 41

Monthly discharge of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 1,510 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14,900 

15,900 

5,810 

1,100 

525 

470 

3,710 

3,710

Minimum.

11,400 

3,900 

525 

470 

206 

86 

86 

2,080

Moan.

13,800 

10,300 

2,650 

834 

345 

223 

1,720 

3,080

Run-off.

Sec. -ft. per 

sq. mile.

9.14

6.82 

3.75 

.552 

.228 

.148 

1.14 

2.04

Depth in

inches.

4. 76 

7.86 

1.95 

.64 

.26 

.17 

1.31 

2.28

NOTE. Values for 1906 are rated as excellent.

PISCATAQUIS RIVER NEAR FOXCROFT, ME.

This station was established August 17, 1902. It is located at 

Low's bridge, about halfway between Guilford and Foxcroft. The 

conditions and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 165, page 44, where are given also references to publications that 

contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Me., in 1906.

Date llydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

100

102

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

210

205

Gago 

height.

Feet. 

2.73

2.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

320

330

Daily gage height, in feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Me., for 1906.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4. ..............

6...............

7...............

9.... ...........

10...............

11...............

12...............

1 ^

14...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...... .........

94

25. ..............

Jan.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.8

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.4

2.5

3.0

3.2

1 3

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.4

Feb.

3.8

3.6

3.4

2.9

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.8

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.2

3.4

2.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.4

Mar.

3.5

3.2

3.2

2.8

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.1

3.1

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.1

Apr.

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.8

8.0

10.0

7.6

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.5

6.5

6.0

4.2

May.

5.8

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.2

6.2

5.9

5.5

5.2

8.1

6.5

5.1

4.6

5.1

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.0

3.0

June.

3.3

3.0

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.5

4.8

4.2

3.8

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.0

2.3

2.3

2.6

2.9

July.

2.0

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

1.8

2.1

2.1

2.2

3.4

2.8

2.8

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

3.2

2.9

2.9

2.9

Aug.

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.7

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.7

2.6

Sept.

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.6

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.4

2.4

3.2

3.0

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.8

Oct.

2.3

2,8

2.8

1 9

1.9

1.8

1.6

2.2

2.2

3.8

4.2

3.5

3.3

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.0

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.3

Nov.

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

Dec.

3.2

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.4

1 s

3.6

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.6
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Me., for 1906 Cont'd.

Day.

26...............

27...............

9ft

29. ..............

30...............

01

Jan

4.6

4 fi

4 9

3.8

3.8

Feb.

3.1

3.0

Mar.

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.8

3.8

4.0

Apr.

4.6

4.8

5.6

5.4

May.

3.2

3.2

3.8

3.8

3.8

June.

2.6

9 (\

2.2

2.1

July.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.6

Aug.

2.5

3.0

3.2

2.9

2.8

2.7

Sept.

2.7

2.8

2.4

2.2

1.7

Oct.

4.2

3.8

3 7

3.8

3.4

3.4

Nov.

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

Dec.

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

NOTE. River frozen over through February and probably through January. Gage heights are to

water surface in hole cut in ice. River open on April 7. The following thicknesses of ice were obtained:

February 17,1.4; February24, 1.1; March 3,1.2; March 10,1.0; March 17,1.5; March24,1.7; March31,1.5.

Rating table for Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Me., for 1904-6.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

24

31

40

51

64

81

100

123

148

180

220

267

318

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.fiO

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.EO

4.00

4.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

374

437

502

569

638

709

782

858

938

1,023

1,113

1,208

1,303

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,403

1,508

1,615

1,725

1,840

1,960

2,085

2,215

2,350

2,635

2,940

3,265

3,610

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

9.00

10.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,970

4,335

4,705

5,080

5,460

5,840

6,230

6, 620

7,010

7,410

7,810

9.860

11,960

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based 

on 24 discharge measurements made during 1902 1906 and is well defined below gage 

heights 6.0 feet.

Monthly discharge of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 280 square miles.]

Month.

July ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,000 

8,020 

2,080 

709 

569 

569 

1,400 

858 

1.020

Minimum.

1,400 

437 

64 

40 

64 

31 

24 

437 

569

Mean.

4,610 

2,320 

461 

220 

185 

207 

464 

628 

776

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

16.46 

8.29 

1.65 

.786 

.661 

.739 

1.66 

2.24 

2.77

Depth in 

inches.

9.18 

9.56 

1.84 

.91 

.76 

.82 

1.91 

2.50 

3.19

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April, good; May to December, excellent. 

COLD STREAM AT ENFIELD, ME.

This station was established June 14, 1904, and was located at the 

highway bridge about three-fourths mile south of Enfield on the road 

to Passadumkeag. On September 12, 1904, to avoid backwater 

effects from Passadumkeag stream the gage was taken from the highway bridge and placed about 200 feet below the old mill near Enfield 

post-office. The conditions at the station and the bench marks are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 46, where are given 

also references to publications that contain data for previous years.
PEiSTOBSCOT BJVEB DBAINAGE BASIN". 43

. Discharge measurements of Cold Stream at Enfield, Me., in 1904-1906.

Date.

190-1. 

September 9

October 21.....

NoVGITlbGr 4

190,5.

May 8..........

1906.

April 13........

\pril 30

Hydrographer.

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do .......................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do....................................... .

.....do........................................

Width.

Feet.

33

41

33

32

28

16.5

32

30

31

34

35

36

Area of 

section.

Sq.f,

20

23

25

19.7

19.3

23

18.2

22

23

14.1

12.4

11.3

26

27

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.72

2.75

2.92

2.90

2.68

2.63

2.78

2.78

2.78

2.80

2.68

2.64

2.66

3.04

3.10

Discharge.

Se,t

37

56

54

22.6

29.3

52

55

42

52

21.3

15.9

17

77

83

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cold Stream at Enfield, Me., for 1906.

Day.

1...............

2

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31

Jan.

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.6

9 ^

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7 2.;

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.6

2,6

2.6

2 6

Feb.

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

Mar.

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.7.

2.7

2.7

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.8

2.7

2.7

Apr.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.3

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

May.

3.1

3 1

s!i

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

June.

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.4

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.1

July.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

Aug.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

0 Q

L. o

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

Sept.

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

Oct.

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2 7

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

.2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.7

Nov.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

Dec.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

n4.0

«2.9

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

a Backwater from anchor ice on riffles below station.

NOTE. Ice does not usually form at this«tation. It sometimes forms to a thickness of 0.2 foot during 

the night but invariably goes out during the day. The following thicknesses of ice were obtained: 

February 3, 2 inches; February 15, 2 inches; March 12, 2 inches; March 13, 1 inch; March 23, 2 inches.
44 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Rating table for Cold Stream at Enfield, Me., for 1904-1906.

Gage

height.

Discharge.

69

88

109

132

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.40 

3.50 

3.60 

3.70 

3.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

15S 

186 

216 

248 

281

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.90 

4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

316 

353

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It. is based on eight discharge measurements made during 1904-1906 and is fairly well defined between gage heights 2.6 feet 

and 3.2 feet. Below gage height 2.6 feet it is very uncertain.

Monthly discharge of Cold Stream at Enfield, Me., for 1904-1906. 

[Drainage area, 26 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet.

Month.

1904. 

September (10-30)........

October...................

November................

December.................

1905. 

January..................

February.................

March....................

April......................

May......................

June......................

July......................

August...................

September................

October...................

November................

December » ...............

The year............

1906. 

January..................

February.................

March....................

April......................

May......................

June......................

July......................

August...................

September................

October...................

November................

December &...............

The year............

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

52

37

37

248

316

52

52

24

37

24

24

24

316

24

24

37

132

158

316

88

52

37

52

37

37

39.9

53.2

33.5

22.6

22.8

24.1

26.3

42.2

66.5

35.9

36.1

6.65

27.3

19.0

17.6

13.7

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per Depth in 

sq. mile. inches.

1.53

2.05

1.29

.869

.877

.927

1.01

1.62

2.56

1.38

1.39

.256

1.05

.731

.677

.527

28.2 1.08

15.7

19.5

n.s

72.4

107

153

65.7

35.9

29.6

26.9

22.5

20.6

8.4

.750

.454

2.78

4.12

5.88

2.53

1.38

1.14

1.03

.865

.792

1.86

1.19

2.36

1.44

1.00

1.01

.97

1.16

1.81

2.95

1.54

1.60

.30

1.17

.84

.76

.61

14.72

.70

.78

.52

3.10

4.75

6.56

2.92

1.59

1.27

1.19

.97

.91

25.26

a River frozen December 11 to 13, 1005; discharge estimated 10 second-feet. 

b Backwater December 5 and 6; discharge corrected.

NOTE. Values 1904 to 1906, approximate, owing to local changes in control which could not be covered 

by meter measurements.

PHILLIPS LAKE AND OUTLETS IN HOLDEN AND DEDHAM, ME.

The United States Geological Survey maintains gages at the two 

outlets of Phillips Lake; also a gage for obtaining a record of lake 

level. The station at the northern outlet was established July 7, 

1904. It is located about 1| miles from the lake, one-fourth mile 

south of the village of East Holden, and 175 feet south of an old mill.
PENOBSCOT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 45

The station at the southeastern outlet was established July 19, 1904. 

It is located at the highway bridge about 1| miles southeast of Lake 

House railroad station, and is about 700 feet southeast of the Maine 

Central Railroad crossing. The station on Phillips Lake was established July 19, 1904. It is located about one-fourth mile west of Lake 

House railroad station. The conditions at these stations and the 

bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 48, 

where are given also references to publications that contain data for 

previous years.

Discharge measurements of Phillips Lake, northern outlet at East Holden, Me., in W04~C>-

F. E. Pressey................................. i.......

1905. 

April 17 

April 29 o 

May 25 ° 

June 17........

August 11......

August 15......

September 2...| F. E. Pressey 

October 21.....'.... .do.......

1906.

April 27. .......

F E Pressev

.....do.......................................

.....do.......................................

.....do. ......................................

16.6

12.3

13.1

12.9

17.8

14.4

2.38

2.34

2.34

2.28

2.52

1.85

a From log across stream 100 feet below gage.

Discharge measurements of Phillips Lake, southeastern outlet near Lake House railroad

station, Me., in 1904-06.

Date.

1904.

1905. 

April 17. ....... 

April 29. .......

August 11 ..... 

August 15 ..... 

September 2...

1906. 

February 23 ...

May 23. ........

Hydrographer.

F. E. Pressey.......................

F . E . Pressey ....................... 

.....do...............................

...-.do...............................

F . E . Pressey ......"................. 

.....do...............................

F . E . Pressey ....................... .....do.....:.........................

.....do...............................

.....do...............................

Width.

Feet.

8.0 

8.0 

S.O 

4.0 

2.5

.5 

.35

3 

3

8 

12 

3

-Vrea of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1.23 

.20 

1.25

19.3 

15.4 

14.3 

1.8 

1.19 

1.06 

.08 

.05

1.26 

1.17 

18.2 

10.2 

.60

Gage height.

Outlet.

Feet. 

1.42 

1.14 

1.49

2.80 

2.28 

2.20 

1.62 

1.38 

1.35 

1.06 

1.10

1.50 

1.94 

2.90 

2.20 

1.15

Phillips 

Lake.

Feet. 

7.05 

G.40 

7.34

9.40 

8.94 

8.97 

8.48 

7.37 

7.20 

6.40 

6.00

7.55 

7.2.5 

9.35 

8.80 

6.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.09 

.07 

1.48

42.7 

12.2 

11.9 

3.3 

1.25 

1.04 

.05 

.03

1.69 

1.21 

44.2 

13.5 

.01
46 SU.RFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Phillips Lake, northern outlet, at East Holden, Me., for 1906.

Day.

1......... ...... 

2..... ..........

4. . .

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...... ......... 

10...............

11...............

12...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22

23...............

25............... 

20... ............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30-..-.-....--...

31...............

Jan.

1.8 

2.0

9 1

1.85

1.85

2.0

2.2

1.85 

2.G

2.0

1.9

2.2

2.3

.9 1

2.1

2.1

2.1

9 1

2.1

2.4

2.5

2.4 

2.4

2.4

2.4

Feb.

2.3 

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.05 

2.05

2.0

2.0

9 9

2.5

2.3

2.35

2.2

2.35

2 4

2.2

o q

2.5

2.5

Mar.

2.4 

2.45

2.5

2.3

2. 05

2.05

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.45

'> 4

2.45

2.3

2.3

2.3

9 ^

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.5 

2 5

2 5

2.55

Apr.

2.4 

2.45

2.15 

1.8

2.45

2.5

1.8

2.3 

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.15

2.55

2.32

2.38

2.38

2.42

2.42

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2 

2 2

2.4

May.

2.5 

2.2

2.2

O O

2.2

2.5

2.3

2.25 

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.45

2.3

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.5

2.0

2.05 

2 3

9 *?

2.4

June.

2.5 

2.35 9 A

2.45

9 4

2.5

2.55

2.3

2.0 

2.0

2.4

2.3

2 4

2.4

2.0

2.4

2.4

1 9

2.3

2.4 

2 55

2.15

July.

1.8 

2.45

2.3

o q

2.35

2.2

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65 

1.65

1.65

1.65

Aug.

1.65 

1.65

1 65 

1 65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65 

1.G5

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.9

1.9

1.9

1 9

1 9

1 9

1.9

1.85

1.85 

1.8

1.8

1.8

Sept.

1.8 

1.8

1 8

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.65 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

Oct.

1.55 

1.55

1 55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1 ^

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

i ^

1.5

1 4^

1.5

1.6

1 7^

1.6

1.9

Nov.

1.9 

2.1

2 3

o q

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.4 

2.4

1.9

2.4

2.4

2.25

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.7

Dec.

1.7 

1.7

1 8

1

0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.8 

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 O

1 ft

NOTE. The outlet does not freeze over near the gage, but during short periods the gage height may 

ba affected by ice conditions downstream.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Phillips Lake near East Holden, Me., for 1906.

Day.

x

2

4...............

5...............

6...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

1.5...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............'

22...............

oqM:::::::::::::::

25...............

26............... 07

28...............

90

30...............

31

Jan.

7.8

7.9

-------

8

0

.......

.......

-------

8.8

Feb.

8.7

8.4

8.1

7.6

7.5

Mar.

7.1

.......

7.4

6.8

6.4

6.4

Api;.

.......

.......

6.8

.......

.......

9.4

May.

Q 4

.......

--"

9.4

.......

.......

9.1

8.8

8.7

June.

9.3

9.1

8.6

8.1

7.6

July.

7.2

7.1

6.9

6.9

Aug.

6.7

6.6

6.4

6.2

Sept.

5.8

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.35

Oct.

n oc

5.35

5.3

4.1

Nov.

K qr;

K 7

Dec.

5 Q

::::::

......

......

6.1

6. i

......

::::::

6.4

6.8

NOTE. The late did not freeze over at the gage during the year.
PENOBSCOT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 47

Rating table for Phillips Lake, northern outlet, at East Holden, Me.,-for 1904-1906.

Gage

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1.3

3.6

7.2

11.3

Gage

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

15.8

20.5

25.5

31

Gage

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

36.5

42

47.5

Gage

height.

Feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

53

59

65

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on ten discharge 

measurements made during 1904-1906, and is fairly well defined.

Rating table for Phillips Lake, southeastern outlet, near Lake House railroad station, Me.,

for 1904-1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.00

6.10

6.20

6.30

6.40

6.50

6.60

6.70

6.80

6.90

Disi charge.

Sec.-ft.

0.02

.03

.04

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.00

7.10

7.20

.05 ;! 7.30

.07

.10

.20

.35

.50

.65

7.40

7.50

7.60

7.70

7.80

7.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

0.80

.95

1.10

1.25

1.40

1.55

1.70

1.85

2.0

2.2

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.00

8.10

8.20

8.30

8.40

8.50

8.60

8.70

8.80

Dis- | 

charge.

Sec.-ft.

2.4

2.6

2.9

3.2

3.6

4.2

5.3

7.0

9.5

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.90

9.00

9.10

9.20

9.30

9.40

9.50

9.60

9.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

13

17

23

29

37

46

55

65

75

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on sixteen discharge measurements made during 1904-1906, and is fairly well defined. It applies to gage heights cf 

Philips Lake.

Monthly discharge of Phillips Lake outlets, in Holden and Dedham, Me., for 1904-1906. 

[Drainage area, 12.3 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

1904. 

July (7-31).-..-........

1905.

July...................

Northern outlet.

Maximum.

11.3 

11.3 

3.6 

2.4 

13.5 

25.5

65.0 

13. -6 

42 

36.5 

28.2 

25.5 

20.5 

20.5 

15.8 

15.8 

11.3 

42.0

65.0

Minimum.

3.6 

1.3 

1.3 

1.8 

2.4 

7.2

7.2 

7.2 

3.6 

15.8 

18.2 

18.2 

3.6 

5.4 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

3.6

1.3

Mean.

6.11 

4.62 

1.71 

2.09 

4.41 

11.3

19.2 

10.3 

10.3 

21.8 

22.6 

20.2 

7.36 

14.1 

4.03 

2.98 

4.05 

14.9

12.7

Southeastern outlet.

Mean.

00.61 

b.14

( c)

(d)

6.44 

8.38 

5.01 

1.46 

4.59 

2.18 

1.04 

.069 

.036 

.044 

1.52

Total.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

!

16.7 

18.7 

71.9 

37.2 

24. 8 

9.54 

15.1 

4.10 

3.02 

4.09 

16.4

1.36 

1.52 

5.85 

3.02 

2.02 

.776 

1.23 

.333 

.246 

.333 

1.33

Depth in 

inches.

1.42 

1.75 

6. 53 

3.48 

2.25 

.89 

1.42 

.37 

.28 

.37 

1.53

a July 19-31. 6 August 1-22. c Discharge October 17,1.31 sec.-ft. d Discharge December 6,3.2 sec.-ft.
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Monthly discharge of Phillips Lake outlets, in Holden and Dedham, Me., for 1904-1906 

Continued.

Month.

1906.

July..................

Discharge in second-feet.

Northern outlet.

Maximum.

59.0 

53.0 

56.0 

56.0 

53.0 

56.0 

50.2 

20.5 

15.8 

23.0 

53.0 

15.8

59.0

Minimum. Mean.

15.8 

25.5 

28.2 

15.8 

25.5 

20.5 

9.2 

9.2 

5.4 

2.4 

11.3 

11.3

2. 4

33.2 

40.8 

44.8 

42.6 

39.6 

43.0 

16.8 

13.5 

8.C5 

7.25 

36.5 

13.4

28.3

Southeastern outlet.

Mean.

4.22 

3.70 

.60 

19.2 

30.8 

13.9 

.84 

.16 

0 

0 

0 

.13

6.13

Total.

37.4 

44.5 

45.4 

61.8 

70.4 

56.9 

17.6 

13.7 

8.65 

7.25 

36.5 

13.5

34.5

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

3.04 

3.62 

3.69 

5.02 

5.72 

4.63 

1.43 

1.11 

.703 

.589 

2.97 

1.10

2.80

Depth in 

inches.

3.50 

3.77 

4.25 

5.60 

6.60 

5.17 

1.65 

1.28 

.78 

.68 

3.31 

1.27

37.86

NOTE. Above values for both stations, 1904-6, are approximate, owing to local changes in conditions of flow, which could not be covered by meter measurements.

KENNEBEC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Kennebec River is one of the best streams in the United States for 

the development of water power. Its basin, which lies wholly within 

the State of Maine, between those of the Androscoggin and the 

Penobscot, is 150 miles in length and from 50 to 80 miles in width in 

the main portion, embracing a total area of 5,970 square miles. Of 

this area, 1,240 square miles are tributary to Moosehead Lake, in 

which the river has its source. The' upper tributaries, however, rise 

in the hilly forested areas lying to the east and west of that lake. 

Of these, Moose River is the most important.

Below the outlet of Moosehead Lake the hills close in on the river, 

forming a narrow rocky chasm, with steep and precipitous sides. 

From Moosehead Lake to the upper end of Indian Pond, a distance of 

about 4.5 miles, there is a fall of about 90 feet, this being a very 

rough, rocky, and turbulent part of the river. Indian Pond is a 

stretch of quiet water about 5 miles long, with a maximum width of 

one-half mile. From Indian Pond to the Forks the river is a torrent, 

falling in a rough and rocky bed about 350 feet in a distance of about 

15 miles. Dead River is tributary to the Kennebec at the Forks. 

Below this junction the river flows with a lesser slope in a narrow 

winding bed about 20 miles to Bingham; thence through a broader 

valley, in which are located many farms. Between Bingham and 

tide water there are a number of large falls, at which water power has 

been developed.
KENNEBEC EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 49

For a detailed report on Kennebec Kiver drainage, including all 

data available up to December, 1906, see Water-Supply Paper 

No. 198.

RIVER SURVEYS IN KENNEBEC DRAINAGE.

In order to point out the power and storage possibilities in the 

Kennebec River drainage basin, surveys have been made as follows

From tide water to Moosehead Lake, for the determination of the 

profile and plan of the river.

Moose River from Moosehead Lake to near Long Pond.

Surveys of Wood and Attean ponds and Brassua Lake, to determine their storage capacity.

Surveys 'of Holeb, Long, Lower and Middle Roach, West Carry, 

and Spencer ponds, and Flagstaff and Spring lakes, to determine 

their areas.

From the data collected by the river surveys sheets have been 

prepared, showing as far as available the profile of water surface, 

plan of the river, contours along the banks, and prominent natural 

or artificial features.

From the lake surveys sheets have been prepared, showing as far 

as possible the shore lines and bank contours, covering from 10 to 20 

feet depth of storage.

The results of these surveys have been published on sheets, and 

may be had on application to the Director of the Geological Survey.

MOOSEHEAD LAKE AT EAST OUTLET, MAINE.

A record of'gage heights of Moosehead Lake level at Moosehead 

Lake east outlet has been kept since April, 1895, by the Hollingsworth & Whitney Company, supplemented for a portion of this time 

by gage readings at Greenville, furnished for publication by this 

company.

These gages are cast-iron staff gages set to the same datum; that 

at Moosehead Lake east outlet is referred to the following bench 

mark: Copper bolt set in a large rock near left end of dam at elevation 18.428 of gage datum, zero of gage datum being approximately 

10 feet below the gate sills and 1,011.30 feet above mean seu level. 

Gage readings in the following list are referred to a datum 10 feet 

higher, i. e., with zero at sill of gates. For gage heights previous to 

1906 see Water-Supply Paper No. 198. 

IBR 201 07 1
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Moosehead Lake at East Outlet and at Greenville, Me., for 1906.

Day.

January.

East 

outlet.

1 ............. ..........

3....................

5....................

7..... ...............

9

10....................

11....................

15....................

16....................

19

20......... ...........

24......... -----------

25....................

26

0.5

.5

.45

.4

.35

.4

3

Far " March ' AP riL

East East East 

outlet. outlet. outlet.

0.5

.45

.4

.35

.3

.5

.0

.3

25

_ 7

.7

.25 ..........

27 ................. .8

29 45

.8

30 1

31.......--.--------..

0 9

0.8 ..........

.......... .95

........J .95

.7] 1.0

.......... 1.0

.75 ..........

.8 ..........

.......... 1.1

1 2

May.

East 

outlet.

3.3

.3.75

5.05

5.9

5.95

7.15

7.32

.86 ....................

9

.......... 1.8

.9 ..........

2 05

7.5

.9 ..........

.......... 2.4

.8 2.88 7.45

Greenville.

3.0 

3.15

June.

East 

outlet.

7.46

4. 4 7. 45 

3.85 .

4.6 

4.9 

5.35

5.75 

0.0

6.55 

6.85

7.2

7.35 

7.4

7.5

7.55 

7.55

7.4

7.55 

7.6 

7.5

7.42

7.4

7. 4

7.4

7.35

7.25

7. 1

7.0

7.1

7.05

6.95

Greenville.

7.45

7.45

7.4 

7.45

7.5 

7.5 

7.4 

7.4

7.5 

7.5 

7.5 

7.4 

7.4

7.35

7.3 

7.25 

7.2

7.1

7.1 

7.0

7.0

7.15 

7.15 

7.1 

7.0 

7.0

Day.

1..............

2... ...........

3. . ............

6..........---.

7. .............

§

July. August. | September, j October. November.

East 

outlet.

6.85

6.7

6.55

6.35

9. ........... 1 6.15

10-..-...------- -------

11..............

12..............

13..............

15... ...........

16..............

17. .............

18... ...........

19

Green- East 

ville. outlet.

6.7 

6 55

4.9

4.8

6. 6 - .

6.5

6.35 .......

4.65

....... 4.5

Green- East 

ville. outlet

4.95 

4.95

4.9

4.8

4.65

4 65

4. 65

4.5

(i. 1

6 0 6 1

4.35 .......

4. 25

....... 6.0 ..........

5.9

5.7

5.6

20.............. 5.5

21.............. .......

22.............. .......

24.............. .......

25.............. 5.33

90

5.95 

5.9

5.75 

5. 6 

5.7 

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.4

5.4 

5.4

5. 35

27.............. 5.2 ..... . .

28.............. ....... 5.2 ..

29

30..............

31

5. 0 4 45 

5. 05

4 1

3.95

3.85

3.75

4.25 

4.2 

4.15

4.0 

3.9

3.75

3.7 

3.65

3 fiJi

3. 6 3. 7 

....... 3. 6

3. 4 3. 45

3. 3 .......

3.15 3.2

i i

Green-| East ! Green- East 'Greenville, joutlet.' ville. outlet, ville.

3. 2 1 2.0

t

3.1

2.95

2.75

2.75

2.50

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.15

3. 1 2. 05 

3.1

3.1 

3.0

3.0

3.0

2 9

2.8 

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2.5

2.0

1.9

2. 1

2.15

2 0 

2.0 

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.9 

1.6 

1.9

1.9

2. 1

2 2

2.2

2.5 2.15 

2.5

2.4

2.2 2.10

....... 2. 2

2.1 

2.1

2.1 

2.0

2.5

2.6

2.8

2.2 

2.2 

2.2

2.2 

2.2

2.2 

2.2

~"2."2

2.3

2.5 

2.4 

2.4

2.8

2.85

2.9

3.0

December.

East Greenoutlet, ville.

2.4

2.5 

2.5

2.8

2.8 

2.9 

2.9

2.9 

2.9

3. 0 2. 9 

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.05

3.0

3.2

2.9

2

n

2.9 

2.9

3.0 

3.0

3.1 

3.0

3.2 

3.3

....... 3.3

3. 3 3. 3 

....... 3. 3

3. 3 3. 3

i

3.25 .......

3.3 33 

3. 3 3. 3

3.25

3.2

3. 2 .......

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.35

NOTE. Lake frozen over January 1 to May 13 and December 2 to 31.
KENNEBEC EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 51

KENNEBEO RIVER AT THE FORKS, MAINE.

This station was established September 28, 1901, at the wooden 

highway bridge across Kennebec River at The Forks, above the 

mouth of Dead River. Of the drainage area at this station, 1,240 

square miles are tributar}r to Moosehead Lake and the remaining 330 

square miles drain into the Kennebec b}T small streams with steep 

slopes and no storage. The conditions at this station and the bench 

marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 53, and in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 198, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years. Gage datum, revised 

during July, 1906, is 565.44 feet above mean sea level. Length of 

chain, formerl}" 17.18 feet, was changed to 17.08 feet May 8, 1906.

A measurement was made September 5, 1906, by F. E. Presse}T with 

the following results:

Width, 124 feet; area, 

second-feet.

T99 square feet; gage height, 2.70 feet; discharge, 2,200

Daily gage height, infect, of Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, for 1906.

Day.

2.........-----.

0

4...... ........

5.......-.-.-...

s. ..............

g. ..............

10....... ........

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17............... 

18.. .............

19

20...............

29

23.-.........--..

24...............

25...............

97

28......... ......

29...-.....----.. 

30...........---.

Jan.

2.9

1.8

2.7

4.6

Feb.

4.7

-----

5.5

4.6

Mar.

4.3

4.5

4.5

2 9

Apr.

2.4

2 9

2.3

3.9

5. 15 

5.95

4.75

3.35

3.4

3.45

3.3

3.0

2.75

2.7

3.15

May.

q xr

4.25

4.45

4.65

3.85 

5.1

6.0

4.0

4.05

4.4

4.8

5.95 

6.9

6.5

6.4

6.7

5.9

5.6

6.05

6.2

5.95

June.

5.4

5.2

3.9

5.0 

6.05

6.2

4.9 

4.95

5.0

5.1

4.7

4.35

4.7

4.25

3.95 

4.35

4.65

4.65

4.7

4.65

3.8

1 9

2.15

4.6

4.5

3.75

July.

4 3

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.9 

4.7

4.7

4.7 

4.9

4.75

4.8

4.65

4 1 i

4.1

3.95

3.65 

3.4

3.15

2.85

2.75

2.7

2.55

3.1

3.4

3.7 

3 9

0 Q

Aug.

3 9

3.9

3.95

3.25

3.6 

3.7

3.75 

2.9

2.8

2.75

2.7

3.4

3.15

3.0

2.95

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.85

2.9

2.8

3.35

3.5 

3.4

Sept.

3

0

3.3

3.0

2.75

2 7

2.7 

1.8

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.55

2.5 

2.35

1.65

1.4

1.4 

1.4

Oct.

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6 

2.25

2.9

3.35

2.65

0.9

1.1

1.2 

1.2

1.75

2.2

2.2

2 85

2.0

1.9 

1.5

1.25

Nov.

1.3

1 °.

1.3

l.C

1.1

1.0

0.7

0.6 

0.6

0.95

O

OP

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.8 

0.8

Dec.

n R

0.8

1.0

1.8

o n

2.8

NOTE. The following ice conditions prevailed during 1906: River frozen January 1 to April 19 an 

December 7 to 31, inclusive; the ice went out April 20. During the frozen period gage heights wer 

taken to water surface through a hole in the ice.

The following comparative readings were taken:

d 

,vere
52 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY I1ST 1906.

Comparative ice and water readings.

Date. Water 

surface.

Feel. 

2.9

1.8

2.7

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.6

Top of

ice.

Feet. 

2.9

1.6

2.6

4 6

4.7

4.7

4.6

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

0.9

1.2

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.5

1.9

Date.

February 28. ............

March 24. ...............

April 14 e.. ...............

December 12.. ...........

Water 

surface.

Feet. 

4.28

4.3

4.5

2.4

2.2

3.5

3.0

2.8

Top of

ice.

Feet. 

4.3

4.3

4.4

1.8

2.2

3.2

2.8

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

1.9

2. 1

2.5

.4

.9

1.0

a Ice jam 1 mile long extended above and below the station January 28 to February 17.

b Water over top of ice; ice settled and not safe.

c Ice not safe.

From April to August considerable fluctuations In gage heights occur daily, due to the regulating 

of the flow at Indian Fond dam for the purpose of log driving. The gage heights from April 23 to 

August 9, inclusive, arc the mean of four readings daily.

Rating table for Kennebec River at The Forks, Me., for 1901 to 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

340

3SO

445

505

565

630

695

765

835

910

985

1,060

1,140

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

- 2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.60

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,220

1,305

1,395

1,490

1,530

1,700

1,815

1,935

2,060

2,190

2,325

2,470

2.620

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

Dis- ' 

charge.

Sec.-ft.

2,775

2,935

3,100

3.270

3,450

3,635

3,825

4,020

4,220

4, 635

5,070

5,535

6,020

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

6, 525

7,050

7,590

8,145

8,720

9,315

9,930

10, 550

11,160

11,850

12, 520

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on fourteen discharge measurements made during 1001-0, and is well denned between gage heights 1.1 feet and 5 feet. 

Above gage height 5 feet it is based on an extension of the curves of area and mean velocity, the latter 

determined with the aid of Kutler's formula.

Monthly discharge of Kennebec River at The Forks, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 1,570 square miles.]

Month.

April (21-30) ..................................

May. ... ......................................

July. .........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,180 

12,200 

9,930 

6,520 

4,120 

2,940 

3,020 

985

Minimum.

2,060 

3,180 

1,220 

1,880 

2,060 

800 

505 

340

Mean.

2,640 

7,440 

5,720 

4,300 

2,740 

1,610 

1,270 

633

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per Depth in 

sq. mile. I inches.

1.68 

4.74 

3.64 

2.74 

1.75 

1.03 

.808 

.403

0.69 

5.46 

4.06 

3.16 

2.02 

1.15 

.93 

.45

NOTE. Values are rated as excellent, except during the log-driving season, when they should be 

classed as good.

KENNEBEC RIVER NEAR NORTH ANSON, ME.

This station was established October 18, 1901. It is located 1| 

miles east of North Anson and about 1 mile above the mouth of 

Carrabassett River. The conditions and the bench marks are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 56, and in WaterSupply Paper No. 198, where are given also data for previous years.
KENNEBEC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 53

Numerous measurements under ice cover have been made at this 

station at a section some 500 feet below the bridge, and a rating 

curve constructed for such conditions. For further details of winter 

measurements at this point and of rating curve used see WaterSupply Paper No. 187.

Considerable fluctuations in the gage heights at this station occur 

from about May 1 to July 31, as at The Forks, but in less marked 

degree, due to regulation of the flow at Indian Pond dam for logdriving purposes. The discharge during this period is a mean of the 

discharges corresponding to gage heights of the high and low daily 

periods, considering each period as lasting twelve hours.

Gage readings were made twice each day by Mrs. C. S. Benjamin, 

the toll collector at the bridge, until July 1; after that time by H. C. 

Stetson. The length of the chain was 30.13 feet January 9, 1906. 

The gage datum is 243.83 feet above mean sea level, as determined 

by the Kennebec River survey of 1904, and readjusted in 1906. 

The datum of the three gages is the same. The reference point is a 

marked point on the bottom chord of the bridge near the chain gage; 

elevation, 24.81 feet January 9, 1906. Elevations refer to the datum 

of the gage. The reference point, and hence the bridge at that point, 

has settled about 0.3 foot in eighteen months. The gage has been 

corrected several times by level during this time, however, and it is 

believed that no error of consequence in gage readings has resulted.

Discharge measurements of Kennebec River near North Anson, Me., in 1906,

Date.

March 2.......

March 30......

May 10........

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

Width.

Feet. 

440

440

445

44^

447

447

450

325

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,100

1,030

1,140

1,050

1,180

1,200

1,210

1,240

3,000

Gage 

height, a,

Feet. 

3.58

3.40

4.26

4.08

4.77

4.80

4.70

4.70

7.06

Gage 

height. 6

Feet. 

3.66

3.52

4.40

4.93

4.96

4.75

4.75

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet. 

1.28

1.30

1.97

1 98

2.26

2.26

1.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,290

1,120

1.590

1,380

1,600

1,660

1,660

1,710

11,700

a To water surface. b To top of ice. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kennebec River near North Anson, Me., for 1906.

Day.

l

2

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

Jan.

2.5

.......

2.5

2.4

2.2

Feb.

9 **

2.2

Mar.

2.4

9 "<

2.2

.......

Apr.

.......

2.4

.......

2.7

.......

May.

6.3

7.1

7.75

8.25

8.0

7.5

6.8

6.4

7.25

June.

5.9

5.85

6.8

5.1

5.0

5.25

6.75

7.45

7.1

6.2

July.

4.1

4.5

4.35

4.2

3.95

4.2

4.4

4.15

Aug.

3.4

3.45

3.35

3.45

3.35

3.05

3.0

2.95

3.65

Sept.

3.7

3.6

3.45

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.25

Oct.

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.35

2.45

2.5

2.5

4.45

Nov.

3.15

2.95

2.75

3.0

3.05

2.95

2.75

2.75

2.9

Dec.

2.35

3.95

3.85

3.8

3.7

3.65

3.45
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kennebec River near North Anson, Me., for 1906 Con.

Day.

11...............

1 ^

15...............

16...............

17...............

19

20....--.------..

99

24...............

2G........ .......

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.5

1.9

3 9

Feb.

2.1

Mar.

2.2

2.3

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.6

2.7

Apr.

2 8

9 Q

10.0

9.5

8.05

G. 85

7.2

7.2

C. 15

5.85

4.5

5.25

5.35

5.55

May.

9.2

7.7

G.75

6.8

7.0

6.5

6.8

7.7

7.35

7.55

7.35

6.35

6.9

G.2

6.5

G.05

7.8

G. 95

7.35

6.95

June.

6.15

5.75

5.15

5.15

4.75

5.0

4.0

4.1

4.15

4.5

4.0

4.05

4.05

4.4

3.25

3.4

4.6

4.6

4.3

4.3

July.

3.45

4.7

4.7

4.65

4.25

3.9

3.65

3.9

3.8

3.85

3.8

4.15

4.3

4.3

4.7

4.25

4.15

3.4

3.3

3.15

3.35

Aug.

3.25

3.2

3.25

3.2

3.45

3.45

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.2

3. 15

3.15

3.15

3.35

3.15

3.35

3.7

3.95

3.95

Sept.

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.1

2.95

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.85

2. 65

2.5

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

Oct.

4.5

4.25

3.55

3.1

2.7

2.G5

2.35

2.5

2.5

2.6

3.1

3.3

3.35

3.05

3.8

4.9

4.75

4.4

4.1

3.75

3.25

Nov.

2.85

2.9

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.05

2.2

2.45

2.85

2.85

2.8

2.65

2.55

2.55

2.4

2.25

2.3

Dec.

3.25

------ 

2.75

2.95

2.85

NOTE. River frozen January 1 to April 17, and December 3 to 31, inclusive; clear of ice April 18. During the frozen period gage heights are to the bottom of ice. 

Thickness of ice was measured as follows:

Thickness of ice.

Date.

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

0.9

1.0

1.3

1.4

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.5

Date.

March 2, 4,8, 13. ........

March 17, 20. ...........

March 24, 27, 29, 30......

April 3,7.... ...........

April 11................

April 14................

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.1

2.3

2.1

2 0

1 9

Date.

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

0.4

.6

.7

.8

1.0

1.2

1.5

Backwater due to anchor ice reported December 2, and probably continued throughout the month. 

Rating table for Kennebec River near North Anson, Me.

OPEN-CHANNEL CONDITIONS, 1904 TO 1906.«

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,544

1,680

1.822

1,970

2,124

2,284

2,450

2,621

2,797

2,978

3.164

3, 355

3, 551

3,752

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,958

4,169

4,385

4,606

4,832

5,062

5,297

5,536

5,779

6,026

6,277

6,532

6,790

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7,053 7.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

7,316

7,587

7, 858

8,136

8,415

8,700

8,984

9,274

9,565

10,130

10, 710

11, 310

11, 920

12,550

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

10.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

13, 200

13. [80

14,iSO

15. 300

16, 030

16,780

17, 540

18, 330

19.130

19,930

24,030

a This table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on seven discharge measurements made during 1904-6, and the form of the 1903 curve. It is well defined below gage height 5 feet.
KENNEBEC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 55

Rating table for Kennebec River near North Anson, Me. Continued. 

UNDER ICE COVER, 1904 TO 1906.a

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. , Sec.-ft.

1.50 590

1.00 670

1. 70 750

1.80 830

1.90 915

2.00 1,000

2.10 1,085

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,170

1,255

1,340

1,430

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

1,520 3.30

1,610

1.700

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,790

1,885

1,980

2,075

2,170

2, 265

3.50 2,360

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,460

2,560

2,660

2,760

« This table is applicable only for ice-cover conditions. It is based on thirteen discharge measurements during 1904-0, and is well defined between gage heights (to bottom of ice) 1.5 feet and 3.4 feet.

Monthly discharge of Kennebec River near North Anson, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 2,790 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

July..........................................

Maximum.

2,760

1,430

24, 000

4,277

6,532

2,709

2,810

24, 000

Minimum.

915

1,080

1,000

1,340

2,887

2,367

1,415

1,479

915

Mean.

1,680

1,240

1,220

7,100

2,032

4,057

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.602

.445

.437

2.55

2.54

1.07

.704

.728

1.45

Depth in 

inches.

0.69

.46

.50

2.84

5.48

2.83

1 80

1.26

.98

1.23

.78

.84

19.80

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: January to March and December, fair; April to November, good. 

KENNEBEC RIVER AT WATERVILLE, ME.

Observations of the flow of Kennebec River at Waterville have been 

made by Hollingsworth & Whitney Company since 1892, and furnish 

the longest set of continued records of flow of this river. This company manufactures manila paper, ground wood, and sulphite pulp.

The dam is of timber-crib work, the main portion having a vertical 

downstream face with a horizontal crest about 5.75 feet wide; the 

upstream slope is about 40 degrees with the horizontal. The average 

elevation of crest of dam, as determined by levels during July, 1906, 

was 119.37 of the Hollingsworth & Whitney datum, which corresponds to 71.53 of mean sea level, according to Kennebec datum, as 

corrected by levels of 1906. The total length of the dam is 800 feet, 

which includes a width of log-way of 34 feet. Flashboards are kept 

on the dam the greater part of the time, their average elevation at 

the above time being 123.73 of Hollingsworth & Whitney datum, 

or 75.89 of mean sea level. The crest of the dam is in fairly good 

condition. The leakage has never been measured, but is assumed as
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

100 second-feet arbitrarily. The water which flows through the 

canals is used through 46 wheels, most of which have been rated 

under practically the same head at Holyoke, the average head at 

Waterville being about 23 feet. Some water is wasted through the 

canal, through small waste gates, and over waste weirs. A small 

amount is used for washing and mill purposes, 100 cubic feet per 

second being arbitrarily added for these last two items.

Methods and diagrams for estimating the flow through the wheels 

and over the dam were developed by the late Sumner Hollingsworth, 

engineer for the company.

Observations are made at 12 o'clock noon of each day, that hour 

having been chosen after investigation as a time when the flow is 

least affected by storage of dams upstream and as giving most nearly 

the average for the day. When the flow of the river is less than 

about 3,500 second-feet, all of the water is used through the wheels.

The estimates of flow at this point are probably in error from 10 

to 15 per cent on account of the manner in which the flow has been 

computed and the uncertainty of the constants used. During the 

past four or five years (up to January 1, 1906) the computations are 

in error from 10 to 15 per cent where flow has been computed with 

flashboards, owing to the assumption that the top of the boards were 

at elevation 124 of the Hollingsworth & Whitney datum; the results 

as published were too small.

These records are now being furnished by the Hollingsworth & 

Whitney Company, through the courtesy of their engineer, Mr. James 

L. Dean.

All records and estimates for this station for years prior to 1907 

have been revised and republished in Water-Supply Paper No. 198.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kennebec River at Waterville, Me., for 1906.

Day.

\. ...........

2... .........

3............

4............

6. ...........

7..... .......

8............

9............

10..-.....--.-

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

Jan.

2,450

2,339

2,694

1,992

1,981

1,809

633

2,908

2,297

1,571

2,112

902

1,612

2,214

1,643

3,073

2,553

2.779

Feb.

3,792

3,591

3,187

1,528

2,668

2,624

2,016

2,006

1,778

1,663

1,228

1,747

2,051

2,328

2,068

2,024

2,029

609

2,589

2. 656

Mar.

2,310

2,553

2,530

1,244

2,638

2,595

2,039

2,7/6

2,018

1,623

1,214

2,550

2,849

2,006

2,244

1,714

906

2,565

2.296

Apr.

4,223

4,470

4,055

3,965

4,340

6,743

7,897

6,924

7, 259

6,021

5,835

6,311

6,977

17 180

37,080

33,120

33, 010

32. 910

May.

20,350

24, 520

25, 210

26,380

25, 630

24, 980

23, 770

23,100

20,390

99 77fi

34, 370

27,760

20,590

22,380

22,020

18, 650

21, 240

24,480

23.670

June.

16,920

14, 430

15,800

16,380

14, 770

14,920

21, 450

20,350

21, 030

18, 510

15, 520

19, 130

14, 710

12,920

11 260

5,326

6,479

8.127

July.

7,574

7,288

7,829

6,500

7,557

7,768

7,626

7,133

7 QC4

fi QOQ

7,605

7,412

8,801

8,122

7,218

6 080

5,928

5. 355

Aug.

5,240

4,753

4,552

4,286

3,457

4,630

4,219

3,657

3,884

4,186

2,159

3,326

2 993

3,036

0 OCA

2 386

3. 761

Sept.

3,035

3,041

4,089

3,667

3,699

3,719

2,654

1,812

3,481

1,850

9 Q^Q

2,688

2 299

2. 393

Oct.

1,184

1 794

2,105

1,842

1,7£0

1,810

873

9,178

7,152

3,645

3,873

2,710

1,988

1,863

2. 257

Nov.

3,863

2,702

3,858

2,673

2,662

2 989

3 fiQ9

2,118

3,613

3,809

3 979

0 CQ7

3,261

9 HQ1

3,278

4.066

Dec.

1,075

2,214

1 SOQ

1 QOQ

1,413

2

710

2,654

2,727

2,623

2,732

2 7/13

2 668

2 439

2,785

2.776

a Approximate.
KENNEBEC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 57

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kennebec River at Waterville, Me., for 1906 Cont'd.

Day.

21............

22. ...........

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Jan.

1,487

2,804

8,171

8,208

7,833

5,899

5,917

5,091

3,560

Feb.

2,352

2,368

2,236

2,865

Mar.

1,975

1,952

938

2,465

3,714

4,208

Apr.

28,860

32, 930

28, 910

19,200

20, 340

May.

20,980

19 980

18,410

17,090

25, 210

25,890

20,980

19 ' 080

June.

7,337

7,378

8,803

12,630

8,161

5, 374

9,272

8,504

7,967

July.

5,303

4,357

5,533

5,286

4,851

4,666

3,668

3,815

5,113

Aug.

3,081

2,783

3,010

3,347

3,280

2,291

3,401

3,445

5,220

4,909

4,648

Sept.

2,421

2,131

901

2,088

1,788

2,081

1,812

2,071

1,758

588

Oct.

1,815

3,959

3,672

3,609

3,916

8,360

8,608

8,068

7,321

5,678

5,049

Nov.

4,490

4,490

4,734

4,482

3,055

3,800

3,837

3,827

2,375

3,543

Dec.

2,406

2, 350

1,870

3,880

2,444

4,105

3,606

3,543

3,292

2,125

2,998

Monthly discharge of Kennebec River at Waterville, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 4,270 square miles.]

Month.

March. ............. ... ... ....

July..........................................

October .................................... .

December............ ................. ......

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,210 

3,790 

5,020 

39,400 

34,400 

21,400 

8,800 

5,240 

4,090 

9,180 

4,730 

4,100

39,400

Minimum.

633 

609 

906 

3,960 

14,400 

5,330 

3,670 

2,160 

588 

873 

2,090 

1,080

588

Mean.

3,210 

2,280 

2,290 

i7, 200 

22, 300 

12,800 

6,310 

3,660 

2,530 

3,800 

3,430 

2,550

6,860

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.752 

.534 

.536 

4.03 

5.22 

3.00 

1.48 

.858 

. 593 

.889 

.803 

.597

1.61

Depth in

inches.

0.87 

.56 

.62 

4.50 

6.02 

3.35 

1.71 

.99 

.66 

1.02 

.90 

.69

21.89

NOTE. For accuracy see station description.

KENNEBEC RIVER AT BINGHAM, ME.

A measurement was made September 6, 1906, from the downstream side of the highway bridge at Bingham. The bench mark is 

top of third floor beam from the pier, 245 feet from the end of the 

inclined end post, downstream side of bridge, at left bank.

Distance to water surface, 23.55 feet; width, 419 feet; area, 1,680 square feet; discharge, 2,670 second-feet.

MOOSE RIVER NEAR ROCKWOOD, ME.

This station was established September 7, 1902. It is located 4 

miles west of Kineo, Me., near the village of Rockwood, and 2 miles 

from the mouth of the river. The conditions and the bench marks 

are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 60, and in WaterSupply Paper No. 198, where are given also data for previous years.
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

A measurement was made November 13, 1906, by F. E. Pressey, 

with the following results:

Width, 232 feet; area, 630 square feet; gage height, 3.25 feet; discharge, 765 secondfeet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Moose River near Rockwood, Me., for 1906.

Day.

3...............

4...............

R'. ." . "..".

U....... ........

13...... .........

14...............

15...............

17............... 

18...............

20...............

21...............

23. ..............

25. ..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

01

Jan.

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1 0

1.9 

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

I"?

\7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.9

2.0

2.0 ° 1

2.2 "> 2

Feb.

9 "3

2. 4

2.4

2.5

2.0

2. G

2.4

2 4 

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2 1

2.1

2.1

Mar.

2.0

1.9

1.9 

1 9

1 9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

2.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1. 4

1.4

Apr.

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7 1 s

2.0

2.25 

2.45

2. 65

3. 05

3.9

4.8

5.3

5. 75

5.85

6.0

6. 35

6.6

May.

6.65

6.85

7.2

8.0 

8.0

8.0

8.2

8.55

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.3

8.2

8.2 

8.3

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.1

7.6

6.85

6.6

6.5

6.4

6. 45

6.25

June.

5.85

5.5

5.25 

5.35

5.4 

5.3

5. 35

5.6

5.35

5.2

5.25 

5.05

4.75

4.5

4.4

4.45

4.5

4.5

4.45

4.25

4.2

4.05

3.9

3.8

July.

3.75

3.6

3.5

3. 5 

3.4

3.3

3. 25

"3 9

3. 1

3. 1

3.2

3.35

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3 

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.2

3. 1

3.1

3.05

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.75

2 7

2.7

Aug.

9 f

2.6

2.5

2.5 

2. 4

"as"

2. 2

2.2

2. 15

2. 1

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.9 

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

Sept.

1.9

1. 8

1.85

1.95 

2.0

1.9

1.95 

2.0

2. 05

2 1

0 j

2. 1

2. 1

2. 1

2.1

2.1

2.1 

2.1

2.1

2 1

2. 1

2. 1

2 1

2. 1

2. 1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Oct.

2. 1

2. 1

2. 1

2. 1

2. 1

2.1 

2.1

2.1

2. 1

2. 45

2.6

2.6

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.45

3.65

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.0

Nov.

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9 

3.8

3.7

3.7 

3. 6

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2 

3.2

3.1

3. 1

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

2.5

2.2

3.3

3.35

3.3

3.25

Dec.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

2 9

2.9 

2.9

a 2. 9

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2. a

2.8

2.8

2. 7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

a Thickness of ice at gage, 0.4 feet; 10 feet from gage, 0.3 feet.

NOTE. There was no ice above or below the gage during the winter season, 1905-6, except some 

along the banks of the river 5 or 6 feec from the gage. River frozen over at gage on December 7. During December the afternoon gage height is used, as the morning height is affected by anchor ice. Open 

channel through ice throughout December.

Rating table for Moose River near Rockwood, Me., for 1902 to 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

88

108

130

154

180

208

238

270

303

338

375

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3. 10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

414

454

496

539

584

631

681

733

788

846

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

906 5. 20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

968

1,032

1,098

1,166

1,236

1,382

1.538

1,703

1,875

2,055

2,240

(rage 

height.

Feet.

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6. 40

6.60

6.80

7.00

8.00

9.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,432

2,629

2,830

o,035

3,245

3,455

3,670

3.890

4,110

5.275

6,500

NOTE. The above table is strictly applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on eleven 

discharge measurements made during 1902-1906 and is well defined between gage heights 1.5 feet and 6.5 

feet.
KENNEBEC EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 59

Monthly discharge of Moose River near Rockicood, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 080 square miles.]

Month.

May.......... ................................

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

303 154 

454 270 

270 88 

3,070 108 

0,000 3,090 

2,880 1,1CO 

1,060 490 

454 180 

270 180 

1,240 270 

1,170 303 

631 454

0, 000 88

191 

370 

155 

1,040 

4,790 

2,050 

744 

262 

255 

592 

826 

548

985

Run-off.

Sec. -ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.281 

.544 

. 228 

1.53 

7.04 

3.02 

1.09 

.388

!871 

1.21 

.806

1. 45

Depth in 

inches.

0.32 

. 57 

.20 

1.71 

8.12 

3. 37 

1.20 

. 45 

. 42 

I. CO 

1.35 

.93

19. 70

NOTE. Discharge interpolated for days on which gage was not read.

Values are rated as follows: January lo March and December, good; April to November, excellent.

ROACH RIVER AT ROACH RIVER, ME.

This station was established November 10,1901. It is located near 

the village of Roach River. The conditions and the bench marks 

are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 63, and in Water 

Supply Paper No. 198, where are given also data for previous years.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Roach River at Roach River, Me., for 1906.

Day.

I...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

8...............

9.. ..........

10...............

12...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

20. ..............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.35 

2.35

2.35

2.35

May

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.6

3.0

3.0

4.2

4.7

5 0

5.2

5.4

5.4

4.15

2.9

2.9

4.2

2.9

2.9

2.9

0.2

2.9

(..2

2.9

2.9

3.25 

3.25

3.25

2.9

June.

2.9

4.55

0.3

5.8

3.05

2.9

2.9

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2 5

2.5

2.5 

2.5

9 p;

July.

2.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2 2

2 2

2.2

2.2

2.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

2.85

2. 4

2.4

2.2

Aug.

2 3

2.3

2.6

2.0

2.0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

2.2

2.2 9 9 

22

2 2

fept.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2 2

2.2

2 2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2 2

2 2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2/2

2 2

2.2 

2 2

2 2

2 2

Oct.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

C) o

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.0

2.6

2.6

2.6

2 6

2 5

Nov.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

o q

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

Dec.

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2 3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

9 Q

2.3 

2.3

2.3

2 3

9 *}

NOTE. River frozen January 1 to April 15, but a small portion of the channel was open opposite the 

gage for the greater part of the winter season. The thickness of the ice varied from 0.2 to 0.7 foot. 

Flow probably somewhat affected by ice conditions during December.
60 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Rating table for Roach River at Roach River, Me., for 1901 to 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

46

68

94

122

153

186

221

258

298

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

a so

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

338

379

421

463

506

550

595

640

685

Gage 

height.

Feet.

400

410

420

430

440

4.50

460

470

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

730

775

820

865

915

965

1,015

1,065

1,115

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.60

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,170

1,225

1,335

1,445

1,555

1,670

1,760

1,910

1,970

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on ten discharge 

measurements made during 1902-1905, and is fairly well defined.

Monthly discharge of Roach River at Roach River, Me., for 1906. 

(Drainage area, 85 square miles.j

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

April (15-30) ..................................

July. .........................................

Maximum.

81

1,970

1,970

550

221

46

153

122

68

Minimum.

46

122

122

46

4fi

46

46

68

68

Mean.

59.7

596

293

232

80.4

40.0

101

80.6

68.0

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.702

7.01

3.45

2.73

.946

.541

1.19

.948

.800

Depth in 

inches.

0.42

8.08

3.85

3.15

1.09

.60

1.37

1.06

.02

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April and August to December, fair; May to July, good. 

DEAD RIVER NEAR THE PORKS, MAINE.

This station was established September 29, 1901. It is located 1| 

miles west of The Forks. The conditions and the bench marks are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 66, and in WaterSupply Paper No. 198, where are given also data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Dead River near The Forks, Maine, in 1906.

Date. Hydrographer.

.....do........................................

Width.

Feet. 

253

260

220

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,250

1,250

398

Gag 

heigh

Fee 

4

4

0

4.2S

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7,700 

7,490 

385

Daily gage height, in feet, of Dead River near The Forks, Maine.

Day.

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

Apr.

2.65

May.

3.85

4.4

4.1

4.2

3.7

4.35

4.35

3.65

3.85

3.9

June.

3.55

2.35

2.15

1.95

2.95

3.05

3.7

3.95

3.7

2.7

July.

1.25

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.2

Aug.

0.85

.85

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.65

.65

.65

Sept.

0.75

.85

.85

.8

.75

.75

- .75

.75

.75

.75

Oct.

0.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.65

.65

.65

1.15

1.4

Nov.

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.15

1.05

1.05

.95

.95

.95

.95

Dec.

0.95

.95

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.15

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.15
KENNEBEC EIVEE DKAINAGE BASIN. 61 

Daily gage height, in/eei, of Dead River near The Forks, Maine Continued.

Day.

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17 ...........................

18........................ ..

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

24...........................

25 ...........................

26...........................

27 ...........................

28...........................

29 .... ....

30...........................

31 ...........................

Apr.

2.65

2.45

2.35

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

4.55

4.15

3.8

3.4

3.0

s 25

May.

4.25

A JK

3.95

3.8

3.85

3.85

4.35

3.9

3.4

4.0

3.4

2.6

3.0

3.15

June.

3.6

2.5

2.0

1.95

1.6

1.7

1.45

i ^

1.65

2.0

1 9

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.35

July.

1.3

1.8

1.65

1.6

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.25^

1 9^

1 °5

1.25

1.15

1.05

QC

.85

Aug.

0.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.75

.75

.85

.75

.75

7C

.75

Sept.

0.85

.85

.8

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

.85

.75

.75

.75

7C

Oct.

1.25

1.15

.95

.95

.85

QC

1.5

1.8

1.85

1 95

2.05

1 9

1.85

1.55

Nov.

1.05

.95

.95

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.15

1.25

1.35

1.25

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.05

Dec

1.25

1 OK

1.25

NOTE. The river was frozen from January 1 to April 10, when the ice broke up.

On February 27, 1906, cakes of ice were piled up on the shore and the river was 

full of cakes of ice frozen in an ice field. The ice jam extended from the mouth of the 

river to about 1,000 feet above the cable. Near the cable and gage the ice cakes 

formed drifts along the channel of the river 2 to 3 feet above the normal ice cover. 

There were 10 feet of open channel opposite the gage. The river at the cable was frozen 

entirely over. River frozen over December 14 31. The following comparative readings 

were made:

Comparative ice and water readings.

Date.

March 21 ............................................

March 28. ...........................................

Midstream at gage.

Water 

surface.

Feet. 

2.2 

2.3 

2.2 

2.4 

2.5 

2.5

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

2.3 

2.4 

2.3 

2.5 

2.4 

2.3

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet. 

1.6 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6 

1.6 

1.2

Midstream at 

cable.

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet. 

1.0 

1.2 

1.2 

1.8 

1.6 

(a)

Water 

surface 

to bottom of 

ice.

Feet. 

0.9 

1.1 

1.1 

1.7 

1.6 

(«)

a Water over top of ice. 

Rating table for Dead River near The Forks, Maine, for 1902 to 1906.

Gage 

height.

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

Discharge.

110

185

270

365

470

580

700

825

955

1,090

Gage 

height.

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

1,225

1,365

1,505

1,650

1,795

1,945

2,100

2,260

2,430

2,600

Gage 

height.

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Discharge.

2,780

2,970

3,160

3,360

3,570

3, 790

4,010

4,240

4,480

4,730

Gage 

height.

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

Discharge.

4,990

5,260

.5,540

5,830

6,130

6,430

7,060

7,730

8,420

9,140

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is baeed on nineteen discharge measurements made during 1903-1906, and is well defined between gage heights 0.7 foot and 2.0 

feet.
62 ' SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Monthly discharge of Dead Hirer near The Forks, Maine, for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 870 square miles.]

Month.

April (10-30) ..................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,600 

8,960 

6,280 

1,650 

418 

417 

2,020 

1,090 

890

Minimum.

2,520 

2,970 

890 

418 

148 

227 

227 

525 

525

Mean.

4,590 

5,940 

2,590 

867 

292 

337 

934 

701 

756

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

5.27 

6.82 

2.98 

.997 

.336 

.387 

1.07 

.806 

.869

Depth in 

inches.

4.12 

7.86 

3.32 

1.15 

.39 

.43 

1.23 

.90 

.42

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April to September, good; October to December, excellent. 

CARRABASSETT RIVER AT NORTH ANSON, ME.

This station was established October 19, 1901. It is located 

above Embden Brook and below Anson Brook. The conditions and 

the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 

68, and in Water-Supply Paper No. 198, where are given also data for 

previous years. Length of chain after September 7,1906, 36.63 feet.

A measurement was made September 7, 1906, by F. E. Pressey, 

with the following results:

Width, 94 feet; area, 74 square feet; gage height, 0.06 feet; discharge, 107 secondfeet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Carrabassett River at North Anson, Me., for 1906.

Day.

1.. .........................

1:::::::::::::::::::::::::::

4...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8................... ..... .

9

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13.............. ............

14................... .. .. .

15...........................

17...........................

19........ ..................

20...........................

22...........................

23...........................

25...........................

26.............. .............

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

Apr.

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.5

3.0

3.3

2.9

2.8

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

3.0

5.1

5.5

4.8

4.8

4.9

5.1

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.8

3.3

May.

3.0 

4.0

3.5

3.8

3.5

3.1

3.2

2.8

2.3

3.6

2.7

2.3

2.6

1.9

1 S

1.8

2.2

2.2

2.1

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.8

1.8

3.2

3.0

2.3

June.

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.7

1.4

1.3

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.1

.8

r,

.6

.7

.0

.6

.3

.4

2.3

1.8

1.3

1.2

.7

.0

.6

July.

0.5 

.5

.6

.6

.7

.7

.9

.7

.6

Q

.8

1.6

1.2

1.0

.8

.0

.5

.5

.7

.5

.4

.9

.7

1.3

1.0

. 6

.4

1.7

Aug.

1.1 

1.0

.5

.4

.4

.3

.2

 1

.1

.1

.1

.0

.2

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.3

.3

2

.1

1.7

o

.5

Sept.

0.3

.2

.3

.6

.5

.3

.1

.1

 1

.2

.4

.2

.1

.0

1

 1

.0

.0

.0

.0 -.1'.0

.1

.0

-.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

Oct.

0.1 

.0

.0

.2

.2

.3

.4

.2

.5

40

3.1

2.2

1.5

1.1

.9

o

7

g

.5

.6

.8

.8

.7

.7

3.5

2.4

2.2

2.1

1.6

1.1

Nov.

0.9

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.6

.7

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

.6

.5

.7

.6

.7

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

.9

.8

1.0

.6

Dec.

0.9

.4

.9

 1.1

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.0

.9

1.0

.9

.9

9

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.4

1.8

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.5

NOTE. River frozen January 1 to April 16, when ice broke up; river clear of ice April 18.
KENNEBEC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 63

Rating table for Carrabassett River near North Anson, Me., for 1906.

Gage

 height.

Discharge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

-0. 10 77

.00 92

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

110

133

160

l! 3

233

280

335

395

455

520

Gage

height.

Feet.

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80 i.to

Discharge.

Gage

height.

Dis- Gage

charge, i height.

Sec.-ft. ' Feet. Sec.-ft.

595

675

755

840

925

1,015

1,105

1,195

1 25.0

2.00 > 1,385

2.10 1,485

2. 20 1, 585

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2. tO

3.00

3.20

3.40

3. 60

3.80

1,090

1,795

1,900

2,010

2,120

2,235

2,350

2,470

2,710

2,955

3,210

S, 480

Feet.

4.00

4.20

4.40

4. CO

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,750

4,020

4,290

4,560

4,830

5,100

5,370

5,640

5,910

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is the same as the 1905 

table above gage height 1 foot. Below gage height 1 foot it is based on one measurement made during

1906, and probably represents closely the conditions of flow as they existed during that year.

Monthly discharge of Carrabassett River at North Anson, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 340 square miles.]

Month.

July. ..........................................

Maximum.

5,780

3,880

1, 660

1,100

280

3,750

840

1,480

nge in second-feet.

Minimum.

1,690

755

160

160

92

77

92

233

193

Mean.

2,980

1,960

708

389

215

119

774

408

759

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

8.75

5.77

2.08

1.14

.632

.350

2.28

1.20

2.23

Depth in 

inches.

9.70

6.65

2.32

1.31

.73

.39

2.03

1.34

2.57

oOpen-channel rating was applied April 1 to 18 which probably gave daily discharges somewhat in 

excess of their true values.

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April, August, September, and December fair; remainder of 

period good.

SANDY RIVER, NEAR MADISON, ME.

This station was established March 23, 1904, by F. E. Pressey. It 

is located at the dam of the Madison Electric works, just over the 

town line in Stark, but is nearer the Madison post-office. The conditions at the station and the bench marks are described in WaterSupply Paper Xo. 165, page 71, and in Water-Supply Paper No. 198, 

where are given also data for previous years.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sandy River near Madison, Me., for 1906.

Day.

1. ............ ..... .....

2

3...........................

4...... ..... ..... .....

5...........................

6...........................

g

g

10...........................

Jan.

263

286

230

286

429

Feb.

539

374

372

301

491

595

564

Mar.

444

339

32(1

303

391

Apr.

1,711

2 889

2,985

2,371

2,280

May.

2 458

2,252

1,609

2,974

2,901

2,607

4.050

June.

2,478

2,353

3,747

3,203

2,312

2, 106

3,219

2,788

Oct.

::::::::

346

Nov.

244

312

322

243

206

213

213

256

Dec.

194

304

279

359

393

270
64 STJEFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sandy River near Madison, Me., for 1906 Continued.

Day.

11... ........................

13...........................

15...........................

18......--..--..--....-......

19

20...........................

22...........................

oo

24...........................

OK

26...........................

28...........................

29.....--...-..-...--.....-..

on

31...........................

Jan.

351

339

294

229

317

491

555

469

418

406

715

2,655

1,736

1,000

732

567

Feb.

478

565

698

582

442

296

208

273

294

327

419

361

442

504

Mar.

182

294

229

406

453

OQ4

320

222

o co

262

183

166

191

252

443

1,070

1,406

Apr.

1,748

1,862

6,018

8,497

7,304

5,972

4 954

5,791

3, 319

2,574

2,274

2,321

2,503

2,504

May.

2,780

2,576

2,830

2,124

1,720

1,174

868

944

565

4 280

4,787

5,082

3,611

2,607

June.

2,067

1,536

1 9fi9

906

688

656

601

601

594

497

638

4,212

2,355

1,338

890

677

608

Oct.

516

310

91 A

140

127

113

99

91

108

204

264

169

154

368

1,614

806

804

711

335

Nov.

090

295

311

334

300

300

369

381

492

983

919

743

871

635

477

479

667

583

428

3n^

Dec.

304

339

Of)A

281

259

282

271

222

260

489

591

482

C.AA

459

435

405

353

S

KA

306

NOTE. Flashboards 1.33 feet high were used for two-thirds of the length of the dam May 5 to June SO. 

From July 1 to October 9 repairs of dam and construction of a log way were in progress and no records 

are available.

Monthly discharge of Sandy River near Madison, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 650 square miles.]

Month.

October (10-31) ...............................

November

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,660 

698 

1,410 

8,840 

5,080 

4,210 

1,610 

983 

591

Minimum.

200 

208 

144 

1,050 

565 

497 

91 

206 

194

Mean.

630 

427 

412 

3,470 

2,460 

1,860 

407 

429 

346

Run-off.

Sec .-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.969 

.657 

.634 

5.34 

3.78 

2.86 

.626 

.660 

.532

Depth in 

inches.

1.12 

.68 

.73 

5.96 

4.36 

3.19 

.51 

.74 

.61

NOTE. During February to March the values of monthly discharge are only approximate, owing to 

accumulation of ice on dam crest. During the remainder of the period discharges under about 500 

second-feet vary from good to approximate; above 500 second-feet they are good.

COBBOSSEECONTEE STREAM AT GARDINER, ME.

Records of the flow of Cobbosseecontee Stream have been kept at 

the plant of the Gardiner Water Power Company since 1890, and 

these records have been furnished to the Survey by S. D. Warren & 

Co., through Mr. Joseph A. Warren.

The dam, which is the uppermost of eight on the last three-fourths 

mile of the river just before it enters the Kennebec, is of stone masonry 

with a timber apron at the toe. The downstream face has an approximate slope of one horizontal to four vertical. The crest is horizontal 

and is about 6 feet wide. The upstream slope is about one vertical 

to eight horizontal. The total length of the dam is about 100 feet, 

and flashboards 4.5 feet high are maintained continuously. The 

total head obtained is about 10 feet. The head-bay entrance is on
KENNEBEC EIVEK DKAINAGE BASIN. 65

the right bank and from this runs a wooden penstock in which is 

situated a 39-inch Hercules wheel. In the head bay there is also a 

gatehouse with two gates which are kept partially open most of the 

time to regulate the proper flow down the river. 

The records of flow are made up by considering:

(1) The flow over the dam which is nothing except usually for a 

short time in the spring.

(2) The flow through the gates, which is regulated by means of 

tables drawn up for the company by Hiram F. Mills, showing the discharge through the two gates for different pond levels. The practical 

application of this method is to obtain a given flow at any time by 

setting these gates at the required gate opening, taking into account 

the flow through the wheel.

(3) The flow through the 39-inch wheel, which is ascertained from 

this gate opening and pond level, a table also being provided for this 

purpose by Mr. Mills.

The water pumped for the Gardiner supply is neglected in computations, being a small percentage of the flow. It is also assumed that 

the tail-water level remains constant. The leakage by the dam was 

measured during 1905 and found to be 10 second-feet. Since that 

time records have been corrected accordingly. On Sundays and 

legal holidays gates are closed and no water is allowed to run unless 

the lake is full.

It is considered that the estimates of flow at this point are ordinarily correct within 5 per cent. The very low water estimates may 

be in error as much as 10 per cent or more.

The conditions at this station are described in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 165, page 74, and in Water-Supply Paper No. 198, where are 

given also data for previous years.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Me., for 1906.

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

Jan.

195

195

195

195

195

195

10

195

195

195

195

195

10

210

210

210

210

Feb.

220

230

250

250

205

265

265

265

265

265

265

265

265

280

280

Mar.

260

260

260

10

265

270

270

10

270

270

270

10

270

270

Apr.

10

270

270

270

270

270

270

10

270

270

610

625

625

625

1,010

1 049

547

May.

795

722

724

724

592

294

300

567

320

290

290

290

285

280

10

June.

1,100

1,080

1,020

860

510

630

620

585

350

310

290

290

290

280

July.

440

600

670

660

360

300

285

10

280

275

275

275

10

275

275

275

275

Aug.

735

780

380

300

10

290

290

290

285

285

285

10

285

285

285

285

285

285

Sept.

285

10

285

285

285

285

285

285

10

290

290

290

290

290

290

10

290

290

Oct.

280

280

280

280

280

280

10

280

280

280

280

280

280

10

280

280

280

280

280

280

Nov.

280

280

280

10

280

280

280

280

280

280

10

280

280

280

280

280

280

10

280

280

Dec.

275

10

275

275

275

275

275

10

275

275

275

275

270

270

10

270

270

270

270

IRB 201 07 5
66 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Me., for 1906. 

Continued.

Day.

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

OC

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

10

210

210

303

303

284

284

250

236

216

210

Feb.

280

280

280

270

10

260

260

260

Mar.

270

270

270

270

10

270

270

270

270

270

270

Apr.

677

800

800

800

1,040

1,026

1,051

1,061

1,000

867

May.

280

280

280

280

275

275

10

310

717

970

1,110

June.

280

280

280

260

985

1,280

1,160

980

310

324

July.

275

10

275

720

910

 880

760

450

15

400

640

A.ug.

290

290

290

290

290

10

290

290

285

285

285

Sept.

290

290

10

280

280

280

280

280

280

10

Oct.

10

280

280

280

280

280

280

10

280

280

280

Nov.

280

280

280

280

10

280

275

275

160

07 c

Dec.

270

270

10

270

10

270

270

270

10

270

NOTE. Leakage of dam taken at 10 second-feet, as determined by measurements during 1905. 

Monthly discharge of Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Me., for 1906, 

[Drainage area, 240 square miles.]

Month.

May..........................................

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

303 

280 

270 

1,060 

1,110 

1,280 

910 

780 

290 

280 

280 

275

1,280

Minimum.

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

16 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10

10

Mean.

198 

236 

235 

610 

436 

569 

377 

285 

240 

245 

240 

221

324

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.825 

.983 

.979 

2.54 

1.82 

2.37 

1.57 

1.19 

1.00 

1.02 

1.00 

.921

1.35

Depth in 

inches.

0.95 

1.02 

1.13 

2.83 

2.10 

2.64 

1.81 

1.37 

1.12 

1.18 

1.12 

1.06

18.33

NOTE. For accuracy see station description.

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION Or BASIN.

Androscoggin River is formed by the junction of Magalloway River 

and the outlet of the Umbagog-Rangeley lakes, near the Maine-New 

Hampshire boundary line. For about 35 miles it flows southward 

into the State of New Hampshire, then turns abruptly to the east and 

flows into the State of Maine, then turns to the south and joins the 

Kennebec in Merrymeeting Bay. The last fall on the Androscoggin 

is at Brunswick, Me., above which place the drainage area is 3,470 

square miles, about 80 per cent of this being in Maine. The greatest 

length of the basin is 110 miles, the greatest width 70 miles, while the 

river itself measures about 200 miles in length from the sources of 

Magalloway River to the coast. The drainage areas of the river and 

of some of its chief tributaries are given in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 165, page 75.
ANDRGSCOGGIN KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 67

RIVER SURVEYS IN ANDROSCOGGIN DRAINAGE.

In order to point out the power and storage possibilities in the 

Androscoggin River drainage basin, surveys have been made as follows: A survey for the determination of the profile only was made 

from tide-water to Livermore Falls. A survey for the determination 

of the profile and plan of the river has been made from Livermore 

Falls to Errol dam at the outlet of Umbagog Lake.

From the data collected, sheets have been prepared showing, as far 

as available, profile of water surface, plan of the river, contours along 

the banks, and prominent natural or artificial features. The results 

of these surveys have been published on sheets and may be had on 

application to the Director of the Geological Survey.

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT SHELBURNE, N. H.

This station was established May 30, 1903. It is located at the 

steel highway bridge about one-half mile north of the railway station 

at Shelburne, N. H. The conditions and the bench marks are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 76, where are given 

also references to publications that contain data for previous years. 

Length of chain on April 30, 1906, was 20.67 feet.

Discharge measurements of Androscoggin River at Shelburne, N. H., in 1906.

Date.

April 30. .......

Hydrographer.

G. M. Brett.... ...............................

Width.

Feet. 

394

394

390

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,730

1,920

966

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.98

4.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,100

1 

' 600

Daily gage height, infect, of Androscoggin River'at Shelburne, N. H.,for 1906.

Day.

2. ....... .......

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

g

10............... 

11...............

12...............

13...............

15...............

18...............

IS.. .............

20 ..............

Jan.

6.3

"6."2"

Feb.

4.85

5.45

6.9

6.8

Mar.

5.8

5.7

t; 7

Apr.

4.05

4.15

4.2

4.15

4.1

4.05

3.9

4.0 

4.05

4.05

5.75

5.8

5.85

S

ee

5.85

May.

6.3

6.4

6.2

6.5

6.7

6.7 

7.05

7.55 

7.25

(\ Q^

7.8 

7.5

7.15

' 7.0

7.0

7.5

7.4

June.

6 9

7.0

7.0

6.2

a QC

6.9

6.7

6.5 

6.5

6 OK

6.05

C Q

5.65

5 6

c 4

5 3

5.2

July.

4.7

4 65

4.6

4.7

A tlK

4.5

4.4 

4.5

4.4

4.3 

4 25

0 Q

4.3

4 9

4.3

4.3

Aug.

4.1

Ale

3.6

4.05

4.1 

4 2

4.2 

4.1

3 7

4.1

4.2

4 2

4.2

3

C

4.4

Sept.

4.0

4.2

4.1

4.15 

4 05

4.2 

4.15

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.1

4 AC

4.1

Oct.

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.15 

4.15

4.0 

3.95

4 05

4. 1 ^

4.1

4.0

4.0

Nov.

4.05

4.0

Q QC

Q Q

4.0

4.0

3

QE

3.95 

4.0

4.15

4.1

4.05 

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.15

Dec.

4.15

6.4

6

0

7.2
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily gage Tieight, in feet, of Androscoggin River at Shelburne, N. H.,for 1906 Cont'd.

Day.

22

24

25...............

00

29-..-........-..

30. -.....--- -...- 

31...............

Jan.

0.25

7.3

4.85

5.2

5.1

47^

Feb.

6.9

Mar.

3.4

4.6

4.45 

4.35

Apr.

6. 35

6.45

6.35

5.95

5.85 

5.7

5.75

o. to

0.1

May.

7.2~

7.0

6.0

0.9 

7.0

8.1

8.3

7.7

7.3 

7.0

June.

5.2

5.05

5.2

5.8

5.5 

5.1

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.8

July.

4.2

3.75

4.05

4.2

4.2 

4.3

4.2

4.15

3.5

4.05 

4.05

Aug.

4.25

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1 

3.0

4.45

4.75

4.45

4.1 

4.15

Sept.

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0 

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.05

3.95

Oct.

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.2 

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0 

4.0

Nov.

4.1

4.1

4.05

4.05

3.95 

4.05

4.05

4.0

4.15

4.25

Dec.

7.05

6.9

Date. Water 

surface.

Feet. 

6.3 

0.2 

0.25 

7.1

6.9 

6.8 

6 9

5.8

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

0.5 

0.35 

6.4

6.95 

6.9

5.9

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet. 

0.95 

1.25

. 1 ' 3

.85 

1.05

.8

Date.

March 11.. ...............

March 25<* ...............

March.29 e ...............

Water 

surface.

Feet. 

5.7 

5.7 

5.4 

4.6

December 16 y

6.8

7.05 

6.9

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

5.95 

5.85 

5.6

7.6

7.4 

7.1

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet. 

1.05 

1.45 

1.65

.8

1.5 

1.4

a Left channel partly open.

b Water flowing over ice.

c Possible backwater from ice jam 1,000 feet below gage. About 6 inches of snow on ice.

d Left channel open.

« River open at gage; one reading.

/ Backwater due to anchor ice below gage.

g Water about 1 foot deep flowing over ice.

Rating table for Androscoggin River at Shelburne, N. H.,for 1903 to 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4. .50

4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

740

820

905

998

1,100

1,212

1,336

1,472

1,618

1,774

1,938

2,110

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,290

2,480

2,680

2,890

3,105

3,325

3,545

3,775

4,005

4,240

4,480

4,725

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.90

6.00

6.10

6.20

6.30

6.40

6.50

 6.60

6.70

6 80

6.90

7.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,970

5,225

5,480

5, 740

6,000

6,205

6, 535

0,810

7,090

7,375

7,660

7,950

Gage 

height.

Feet. ".10

7.20

7.30

.40

7.50 ".60

7.70

7.80

7.90

8.00

8.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,240

8,530

8,830

9,130

9,430

9,730

10,030

10,330

10,630

10,930

11,860

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1903-1906 and is well denned between gage heignts 4.3 feet and 7.7 feet.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 201 PL. IV

UPPER AND LOWER DAMS ON ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT RUMFORD FALLS, ME,
ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 69

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Shelbnrne, N. Jl.,for 1906.

[Drainage area, 1,500 square miles.]

Mcnth. '

Julv.......... --.-..--.-...-------.-..---..----

Dischargi in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum.

6,400 

11,900

7,950 

2,290 

2,380 

1,470 

1,470 

1,540

1,100 

5 740 

2,480 

740 

740 

1.100 

1,160 

1,100

Mean.

3,270 

8,200- 

4,970 

1,620 

1, 390 

1,310 

1,300 

1,310

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per Depth in 

sq. mile. inches.

2'18

5.47

3.31

1.08

.927

.873

.867

.873

2.43

6.31

3.69

1.24

1.07

.97

1.00

.97

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April to June, good; July to November, fair, owing to measurement of August 23 indicating a possible change in conditions of flow.

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT RUMFORD FALLS, ME.

The discharge of Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls since 1892 

has been computed by Charles A. Mixer, resident engineer of the 

Rumford Falls Power Company. These statistics are obtained by 

adding the actual measured quantities passing through the wheels to 

the computed flow over the dam, using the customary Francis weir 

formula with modified coefficient. A view of the upper and lower 

dams is shown in PI. IV. The conditions at the station are described 

in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 80, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Daily discharge, in second-feet., of Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Me., for 1906.

Day.

2

3.. ..--.-. ------

5...............

6..........--.-.

8... ....-.-.--.-

9...............

10...............

11. ..............

12...............

13............... 

14...............

15...............

10...............

17...............

18............... 

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26 .............

27...............

29. ...........

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,861

1,842

1,637

1,673

1,839

1,982

1,794

1,663

1,638

1,492

1,602

1,636

1,727 

1,738

1,611

1,779

1,847

1,840 

1,779

1.747

1,731

2.027

3, 012

7.749

4,908

3, 636

3,296

2,840 

2.54S

2,551

Feb.

2,582

2.384

1,850

1,808

1,805

1,970

1,850

1,857

1,835

1,844

1,846

1,734

1,855 

1,784

1,788

1,732

1.769

1.689 

1,061

1,784

1,724

1,845

2,043

1,913

1,788

1,053

1,772

Mar.

1,459

1,524

1, 579

1,480-

1,277

1,471'

1,378

1,308

1,352

1,278

1,200

1,154

1,235 

1,180

1, ISO

1,102

1,150

1,141 

1,111

1,180

1,136

1,148

1,129

1,104

1,115

1,050

1,225

2,318 

2,330

2,138

Apr.

1,863

1, 084

1,832

1,903

2,384

3.142

2.097

2,428

2,485

2, 364

2,270

2, 306

2.480 

3, 306

5,993

11,513

10.085

9.009 

8.710

9, 033

9,421

10, 901

9, 960

7,254

6,191

5,504

5 80^

6.410 

7,003

May.

8,285

7,864

7. 523

8,018

7,603

7,819

7,493

7.502

7,888

11,312

10, 202

8.463

9,803 

9,956

8,804

7,922

8, 043

8,541 

9, 470

8,419

7,194

7,214

7,079

0, 654

7,843

9,851

11.274

15. 443

14,310 

] 0,158

8,460

June.

8.089

8,412

8.484

7,160

6,272

6, 196

9,157

8,086

7,924

7,467

7,342

0, 740

5,953 

5,215

4, 071

4, 39,3

4,141

0,387 

5, 406

4, 025

4,059

3,658

4 12^

7,243

6, 740

5,111

4, 442

3,684 

3,008

July.

3, 760

3,379

3, 124

2. 252

3, 008

2,927

2,578

2,128

2,371

2,511

3,071

2,811

2,430 

2, 186

1,908

1,630

2,200

2, 095 

2.195

1,986

2,240

2.424

2,353

2,308

2,114

2, 146

1,957

1 8%

1,738 

2,070

Aug.

2,221

1,990

1,879

1,813

1,075

1,703

1,807

1,887

1,779

1,707

1,715

1,049

1,518 

1,005

1,473

1,454

1,442

1,467 

1, 368

1,208

1,910

1,090

1,576

1,011

1,000

1,500

2,040

2,707 

2,012

Sept.

1,083

1,529

1,359

2,082

2,137

1,848

1,080

1,018

1,548

1,540

1,590

1,500

1,473 

1.401

1.400

1,373

1,340

1,402 

1.335

1,320

1,299

1,403

1,433

1,516

1,582

1,506

1,454

1 49Q

1,519 

1,391

Oct.

1,419

1,423

1,407

1,426

1,421

1,513

1,448

1,528

1,670

3,328

2,885

2,260

2,060 

1.939

1,892

1,913

1,848

1,799

1,758

1,959

2,230

2,009

1,715

1,628

2,275

3,248

2,540

2,112 

1,862

Nov.

1,500

1,514

1,429

1,429

1,294

1,380

1,348

1,403

1,305

1,430

1,370

1,454

1,567 

1 , 435

1,403

1,505

1,484

1,373 

2,060

2,855

2,400

2,238

2,187

1,842

1,038

1,233

1,888

1,399 

1,239

Dec.

1,010

987

918

1,078

1,080

1,207

1.222

1,192

1,150

1.102

1,252

1,203

1,238 

1,260

1,284

1,260

1,292

1,432 

1,346

1,326

1,340

1,404

1,498

1,404

1,378

1,217

1 , 393

1,420

1,401 

1,417

1,362
70 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Rum/ord Falls, Me., for 1906.

[Drainage area, 2,090 square miles.]

Month.

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,750 

2,580 

2,330 

11,500 

15,400 

9,160 

3,760 

3,580 

2,140 

3,330 

2,860 

1,500

15, 400

Minimum.

1,490 

1,580 

1,050 

1,680 

6,650 

3,660 

1,630 

1,210 

1,300 

1,420 

1,230 

918

918

Mean.

2,350 

1,850 

1,360 

5,410 

8,920 

5,960 

2,420 

1,790 

1,530 

1,950 

1,620 

1,280

3,040

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

1.12

.885 

.651 

2.59 

4.27 

2.85 

1.16 

.856 

.732 

.933 

.775 

.612

1.45

Depth in

inches.

1.29 

.92 

.75 

2.89 

4.92 

 3.18 

1.34 

.99 

.82 

1.08 

.86 

.71

19.75

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT DIXFIELD, ME.

This station was established August 22, 1902. It is located about 

one-half mile west of Dixfield, at the highway bridge on the road to 

West Peru. The conditions and the bench marks are described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 82, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Me., in 1906.

Date. Hydrographer.

.....do .......................................

Width.

Feet. 

496

487

356

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

3,220

2,970

1,130

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.24

9.71

7.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

9,250

7,140

1,620

o By wading in two channels. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Me., for 1906.

Day.

2.. ..... ........

^.. .............

4...............

5.. .............

7.. .............

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

14...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

Jan.

7.9

8.1

"10. 25

o9.7

o9.05

8.4

8.7

c&9

c8.9

9.1

Feb.

10.0

10.6

10.2

Mar.

9.3

9.1

8.9

8 Q

8.6

Apr.

7.8

8.0

8.0

8.2

8.6

8.8

8.4

8.4

8.25

8.15

8.3

8.3

8.85

9.5

11.45

11.3

11.0

10.85

10.75

May.

10.45

10.45

10.4

10.2

10.2

10.3

10.25

10.2

10.35

11.3

11.0

10.5

10.7

10.95

10.6

10.4

10.3

10.5

10.65

10.4

June.

10.45

10.4

10.6

10.25

9.95

9 7

10.5

10.6

10.4

10.4

10.2

10.1

9.85

9.6

9.4

9.25

9.25

9.65

9 7

9.45

July.

9.15

9.0

8.75

8.5

8.75

8.65

8.45

8.25

8.35

8.55

8.8

8.8

8.45

8.25

8.15

8.0

8.15

8.55

8.3

8.05

Aug.

8.3

8.2

8.05

8.0

8.0

7.85

7.95

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

7.85

7.9

7.9

7.75

7.75

7.75

7.75

7.8

Sept.

7.8

7.8

7.75

8.05

8.2

8.05

7.95

7.85

7.9

7.8

7.9

7.85

7.8

7.8

7.7

7.75

7.65

7.7

7.7

7.65

Oct.

7.75

7.75

7.8

7.75

7.7

7.75

7.9

7.85

8.75

8.8

8.3

8.1

8.15

7.95

8.15

8.1

8.05

8.0

8.05

Nov.

7.85

7.8

7.8

7.85

7.8

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.8

7.75

7.7

7.8

8.0

7.85

7.75

7.85

7.75

7.85

7.75

8.1

Dec.

7.8

7.4

7.65

*8.4

*8.5

8.7

8.7

8.6

a Ice in channel causes the high water. 

J> Anchor ice causes back water, 

c To top of ice about 0.3 foot thick.
ANDROSCfOGGIN RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 71 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Me., for 1906 Continued.

Day.

21...............

22..... . ... . .

23...............

24...............

25...............

26..... ..... ...

27...............

28...... ........

29...............

30...............

31..... ..... . .

Jan.

14.1

«15. 05

12. 65

11.45

Feb.

9.3

:::::::

Mar.

8.0

8.5

8.5

8.3

Apr.

10 9

11.2

10.55

9 8

9.75

9.75

9..9S

10.1

May.

10.2

10.15

10.1

10.05

10.15

10.8

10.95

12.3

12.15

11.15

10.6

June.

9.25

9.0 9.2*

10.3

10.2

9.6

9.35

9.15

8.95

8.95

July.

8.3

8.55

8.4

8.3

8.1

8.05

8.0

8.0

7.95

7.9

8.5

Aug.

8.0

8.0

7.9

7.9

7.9

7.8

7.75

8.9

8.6

8.2

7.95

Sept.

7.7

7.7

7.85

7.75

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.7

7.75

7.75

Oct.

8.4

8.2

8.1

7.95

8.05

9.05

8.55

8.40

8.2

8.15

8.0

Nov.

8.35

8.3

8.25

8.15

8.05

7.95

7.95

7.95

7.9

b7.7

Dec.

8.7

. ..

8.8

«Ice jam below, open at gage. b Anchor ice running.

NOTE. The following ice condition prevailed during 1906: River open January 1 to 8; frozen over at 

gage January 9 to January 23; open at gage January 24 to 28;r frozen over January 29 to March 28; 

open at gage March 29; clear of ice about April 1; frozen over December 6 to 31. During the frozen 

period gage heights were taken to the water surface through a hole in the ice. The following comparative readings were taken:

Comparative ice and water readings.

Date. Water 

surface.

Feet. 

9 1

14.1

10.6

10.2

9 3

9.3

9.3

9 1

Top of 

ice.

Feet.

14.1

10.7

10.3

9.3

9.3

Q 4

9.1

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet. 

0.5

.8

1.1

.6

.5

.5

.7

.8

Date.

March 11 ................

March 24. ...............

Water 

surface.

Feet. 

8.9

8.9

8.6

8.0

8.7

8.7

8.6

8.7

8.8

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

8.9

8.9

8.7

8.1

9.0

9.0

8.G

8.8

8.9

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet. 

0.8

.8

.6

.7

.7

1.1

1.4

142

Rating table for Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Me., for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.70

7.80

7.90

8.00

8,10

8.20

8.30

8.40

8.50

8.60

8.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,660

1,790

1,940

2,100

2,280

2,480

2,690

2,910

3,150

3,410

3,680

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.80

8.90

9.00

9.10

9.20

9.30

9.40

9.50

9.60

9.70

9.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,970

4,270

4,580

4,900

5,230

5,580

5,940

6,310

6,690

7,080

7,470

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9*90

10.00

10.10

10.20

10.30

10.40

10.50

10 60

1 10. 70

10.80

10.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

7,870

8,280

8,700

9,130

9,560

10,000

10, 450

10, 900

11, 360

11,830

12, 310

Gage 

height.

Feet.

11.00

11.10

11.20

11.40

11.60

11.80

12.00

12.20

12.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

12,800

13,300

13,810

14, 840

15,880

16, 940

18,000

19,060

20, 130

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on 12 discharge 

measurements made during 1903-1906 and is well defined below gage heights 11.0 feet.

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Me., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 2,230 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

15,100 

19,600 

10,900 

5,060 

4,270 

2,480 

4,740 

2,800

Minimum.

1,790 

8,490 

4,420 

1,940 

1,660 

1,600 

1,660 

1,660

Mean.

6,940 

11,000 

7,540 

2,950 

2,120 

1,810 

2,380 

1,950

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

3.11 

4.93 

3.38 

1.32 

.951 

i812 

V07 

.874

Depth in 

inches.

3.47 

5.68 

3.77 

1.52 

1.10 

..91 

1.23 

.98

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April to June, excellent; July to November, good.
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

PKESTJMPSCOT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Presumpscot River is one of the most interesting as well as one of 

the best water-power streams of its size in the United States. It is the 

outlet of Sebago Lake, which lies about 17 miles northwest of Portland. The lake is fed by Crooked River, a stream heading 35 miles 

farther north and within 3 miles of the Androscoggin. The area of 

the lake is 46 square miles; the total water surface on the drainage 

basin is 97 square miles; the area of the drainage-basin at the outlet 

of the lake is 420 square miles, and at the mouth of the river 600 

square miles.

According to the survey made by Joseph A. Warren, of Cumberland 

Mills, the fall from the crest of the stone dam at the foot of Sebago 

Lake to mean low tide at the foot of the lower falls is 265.16 feet in a 

distance of 21.65 miles, or an average of 12.25 feet per mile.

During the past few years several new developments have been 

made along the river, so that the only portion now unimproved is the 

fall of 56 feet between Great Falls and Gambo Falls.

The tributaries of Presumpscot River are not of much importance, 

but some of them are outlets of ponds and have considerable fall, thus 

affording constant though small power. Crooked River, the chief feeder 

of Sebago Lake, has a number of falls, some of which are utilized.

The chief interest attaching to the river is its regularity of flow 

which is due to dams at the outlet of the lake. Nowhere in the United 

States is there a better example of the success of storage of water and 

regulation of the flow of a stream than on the Presumpscot.

PRESUMPSCOT RIVER AT OUTLET OF SEBAGO LAKE, MAINE.

Since January, 1887, the flow from Sebago Lake has been regularly 

recorded, the quantity being deduced during most of this time from 

the openings in the gates at the dam, the discharging capacity of 

which under different conditions of head has been determined and 

tabulated by Hiram F. Mills, of Lowell. A continuous record of the 

Sebago Lake level has been kept since January, 1872, and the records 

of lake level and discharge make an unusually complete and valuable 

series of data. These have been furnished from time to time by 

S. D. Warren & Co. The conditions at this station are described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 85, where are given also references 

to publications that contain data for previous years.
PKESUMPSCOT KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 73

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Presumpscot River, at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine,

for 1906.

Day. 

1....... ........

2...............

3. ..............

4.. . .......

5...............

6.. . . .......

9...............

10...............

11...............

12................

13....... .......

14...............

15.. .......

16.. .........

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22... ...........

23...............

24.. .........

25.. ............

20...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...... ........

31...............

Jan.

450

490

483

493

493

487

297

497

505

495

508

513

337

498

517

510

510

515

4G7

483

501

500

520

520

512

663

517

Feb.

543

578

597

419

616

608

616

611

481

598

608

G43

671

671

661

452

695

685

677

685

007

490

687

687

678

Mar.

G68

655

433

605

538

530

533

505

540

480

542

541

533

542

542

539

392

534

540

549

544

540

539

463

537

545

552

550

540

Apr.

392

548

550

555

520

555

534

379

528

530

530

531

531

532

384

534

535

535

537

538

538

370

538

534

540

540

540

534

396

540

May.

540

540

540

540

554

397

542

550

543

543

550

543

371

543

543

543

543

600

043

386

618

040

636

636

643

644

400

462

392

288

484

June.

484

510

380

550

549

524

526

636

634

362

635

643

639

650

550

625

392

624

584

600

626

644

656

250

551

549

549

549

550

584

July.

507

634

648

571

559

639

559

486

653

050

642

647

647

662

360

648

645

658

640

645

652

382

836

731

786

729

734

728

423

712

530

Aug.

553

582

750

747

380

767

744

761

736

765

734

369

759

759

729

740

740

759

365

752

741

741

750

735

709

355

734

724

697

700

722

Sept.

712

358

724

724

726

728

732

700

359

733

735

746

750

730

700

434

734

734

746

746

750

744

422

756

763

766

766

768

768

374

Oct.

766

766

766

766

766

766

600

742

734

625

650

717

717

528

713

713

713

713

710

710

497

710

710

710

710

708

708

572

707

707

707

Nov.

705

705

705

408

700

699

697

697

692

692

423

690

686

685

681

685

681

515

677

674

670

670

608

523

403

541

560

557

557

532

Dec.

519

406

518

518

462

482

460

450

377

447

433

425

440

446

450

417

455

457

445

458

466

460

415

519

519

517

517

519

517

417

517

Monthly discharge of Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 420 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May. .........................................

July....................... ...................

The year

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

663 

695 

668 

555 

644 

656 

836 

767 

768 

766 

705 

519

836

Minimum.

297 

419 

392 

370 

288 

250 

360 

355 

358 

497 

403 

377

250

Mean.

494 

616 

537 

512 

529 

554 

624 

681 

681 

698 

624 

466

585

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

1.18 

1. 47 

1.28 

1.22 

1.26 

1.32 

1.49 

1.62 

1.62 

1.66 

1.49 

1, 11

1.39

Depth in 

inches.

1.36 

.53 

.48 

.36 

.45 

.47 

.72 

.87 

.81 

.91 

1.66 

1.28

18.90
74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

SACO RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Saco River receives its headwaters from the valleys and slopes of 

the White Mountains, at elevations of 4,000 to 5,000 feet. It drains 

an area of 1,720 square miles, of which 900 square miles lie in New 

Hampshire and the remainder in Maine. The slopes at the headwaters are very steep, with no lake storage. In the lower river are 

many good water powers, part of which are in use. The Great Falls, 

at Hiram, Me., are shown in PL V. (See also PL III, B.)

SACO BIVER NEAR CENTER CONWAY, N. H.

This station was established August 26, 1903. It is located at the 

wooden highway bridge between Center Conway and Redstone, N. H., 

about 2 miles from each place. The conditions and the bench marks 

are described in New Hampshire Forestry Reports for 1903-1906, 

and in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 87, where are given also 

references to publications that contain data for previous years. Elevation of bench mark, May 3, 1906, was 27.74 feet above datum of 

gage.

Discharge measurements of Saco River near Center Conway, N. H., in 1906.

Date.

May3..........

Hydrographer.

T. W. Norcross..............................

Width.

Feet. 

228

122

125

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

896

153

134

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.23

3.30

3.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,110

144

a Right channel; measured by wading 300 feet below bridge. 

?> Right channel; measured by wading 230 feet below bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Saco River near Center Conway, N. H.,for 1906.

Day.

2...............

3...............

6...............

7............... 

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

13............... 

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17 ..............

18............... 

19............... 

20...............

Jan.

4.95

"b".3"

Feb.

6.5

5.7

5.5

5.1

Mar.

:.:.:::

Apr.

4.35

4.2

4.15

4.3

4.85

5.25

5.45 

4.7

4.05

4.05

4.8

5.25 

5.4

7.5

9.25

7.8

7.05 

7.6 

7.75

May.

6.2

6.3

0.3

6.45

6.55

6.55

6.25 

6.7

0.35

5.95

6.1

6.45

6.4

6.3

6.55

6.65 

6.75 

6.G5

June.

6.2

6.45

6.3

5.25

5.05

5.8

6.6 

6.2

5.3

5.1

4.95

4.85 

4.65

4.6

4.5 

4.5

6.65 

5.65 

5.05

July.

4.9

4.8

4.65

4.65

4.4

4.35

4.3 

4.3

4.2

4.15

4.1

4.0 

3.95

3.9

3.9 

3.85

3.9 

3.85 

3.75

Aug.

4.3

4.05

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7 

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.05

3.6

3.55 

3.5

3.4

3.4 

3.35

3.4 

3.35 

3.3

Sept.

3.4

3.55

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.4

3.4 

3.35

3.3

3.35

3.45

3.4 

3.45

3.35

3.3 

3.3

3.2 

3.2 

3.15

Oct.

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2 

3.5

3.55

5.55

4.9

4.5 

4.45

3.0

3.55 

3.55

3.5 

3.5 

3.5

Nov.

4.0

3.9

3.75

3.8

3.7

3.7 

3.7

3.65

3.7

3.65

3.75

3.7 

3.75

3.7

3.65

3.7 

3.9 

4.3

Dec.

SACO EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 75 

Daily gage height, infeet, of Saco River near Center Conway, N. H.,for 1906 Continued.

Day.

21............... 

22............... 

23...............

24.......... ....

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31 ...............

Jan.

5.1

9.0

6.2

6.35

6.8

Feb. Mar.

4.85

4.65

Apr.

7.8 

6.2 

6.0

6.0

6.05

6.25

6.55

6.55

6.55

6.5

May.

5.05 

4.9

4.8

5.05

5.4

5.75

7.45

8.7

7.0

June.

4.9 

4.6 

5.0

6.65

5.9

5.35

4.9

4.75

5.05

5.3

July.

3.9 

5.1 

4.3

4.25

4.1

3.85

3.7

3.75

3.65

4.6

4 95

Aug.

3.3 

3.35 

3.4

3.45

3.5

3.4

3.45

4.5

4.05

3.7

3.45

Sept.

3.1 

3.05 

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.2

3.2

3.2

Oct.

4.45 

4.1 

3.6

3.55

3.9

5.7

4.55

4.25

4.2

4.1

4.0

Nov.

4.25 

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.15

4.2

Dec.

y ff.r, ilVGi Inji/Cll VJVGl O^OjLLJ

eeoruary ». IN arrow sire tcnes 01 open water remained in leit cnannei near gage for the rest of the winte* 

and the ice was thin and weak. Ice went out the morning of March 29. River frozen December 1 to 31. 

During the frozen period gage heights were taken to water surface through a hole in the ice. 

) ng comparative readings were taken:

Comparative ice and water readinas.

. 

The followDate. Water 

surface.

Feet. 

4.95 *; 3

5.1

Top 

of ice.

Feet. 

5.15

C AC

6.1

5.55

5.15

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

1.1

1.5

1.0

(a\

.65

.8

Date. Water 

surface.

Feet.

Top 

of ice.

Feet. 

4.95

4 a

4.75

4.5

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet.

1 1ce thin. 

Rating table for Saco River near Center Conway, N. H.,for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

100

115

133

154

178

206

238

274

314

358

404

453

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

504

557

612

669

728 789

852

917

984

1,053

1,124

1,197

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.40

5,50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,272

1,349

1,428

1,509

1,592

1,677

1,764

1,950

2,150

2,355

2,570

2,795

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

10.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,030

3,285

3,555

3,835

4,120

4.425

4,740

5,060

5,395

5,735

7,600

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1903-1906 and is well defined between gage heights 3.3 feet and 9.0 feet.

Monthly discharge of Saco River near Center Conway, N. H.,for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 3S5 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.

Month.

April ..........................................

July...........................................

November. ...................................

Maximum.

6,180

5,220

2,410

1,050

669

222

1,510

557

Minimum.

479

852

669

256

154

108

133

256

Mean.

1,950

2,150

1,320

521

261

157

404

363

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

5.07

5.57

3.43

1.35

.678

.408

1.05

.943

Depth in 

inches.

5.C6

6.42

3.83

1.56

.78

.46

1.21

1.05

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April to June, excellent; July, August, October, November, good; 

September, lair.
76 SUKFACE WATER SFPPLY IN 1906.

MERRIMAC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The Merrimac basin, which has a total drainage area of 5,015 

square miles, lies in the States of New Hampshire and Massachusetts, 

3,815 square miles being in the former State and 1,200 square miles 

in the latter. Merrimac Kiver is formed at Franklin, N. H., by the 

junction of Pemigewasset and Winnepesaukee rivers. The headwaters 

of the Pemigewasset lie in the White Mountain region at elevations 

of, approximately, 2,000 feet; thence they flow southward through 

New Hampshire with very steep slopes. On this branch of the Merrimac there is very little lake storage. Squam and New Found lakes, 

aggregating about 20 square miles of surface area, are the only bodies 

of water of any importance. Above Plymouth probably 85 per cent 

of the basin is in heavy forest. A ver}r insignificant amount of water 

power is utilized. Winnepesaukee River has its headwaters in the 

eastern part of the State. A prominent characteristic of its basin is 

the extent of the lake surface, aggregating 100 square miles. The fall 

from Winnepesaukee Lake to the junction with Pemigewasset River 

is 225 feet in a distance of 14 miles."

From Franklin, Merrimac River flows southward through the State 

of New Hampshire for 56 miles, receiving Contoocook River from the 

west and Suncook River from the east. After entering Massachusetts the river deflects to the east and flows in an easterly and northeasterly direction for a distance of 40 miles, to Newburyport, where 

it enters an arm of the sea. Tide flows to Lawrence.

The drainage areas of Merrimac River and some of its principal tributaries are given in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 91.

MERRIMAC RIVER AT FRANKLIN JUNCTION, N. H.

This station was established July 8, 1903. It is located at the 

wooden railway bridge near Franklin Junction, about a mile below 

the union of Pemigewasset and Winnepesaukee rivers. The conditions and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 

165, page 91, where are given also references to publications that 

contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Merrimac River at Franklin Junction, N. H., in 1906.

Date.

April 17. .......

July 20. ........

September 28...

Ilydrographer.

^

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

G. M. Brett..... .............................

F. E. Pressey. ................................

Width.

Feet. 

270

270

270

231

223

 216 

216

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

3,750

2,840

2,620

1,210

815

695

772

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

15 98

12.60

11.75

6.35

4.60

4.06 

4.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

23,300

16,000

14, 400

4,480

1,630

1,080 

1,330

« Tenth Census, vol. 16, p. 50.
MEEEIMAC EIVEE DEAIFAGE BASIN. 77

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mcrrimae River at Franklin Junction, N. II., for 1906.

Day. Jan.

9 5 0

3 4.8

4. ..... ... ...

6...............

7

4.8

5.3

5.1

9 r. n

10...............

11...............

12...............

13. ..............

14...............

15...............

16...............

18...............

19

20...............

23............... 

24....... ... . .

25...............

27........... . .

28...............

29

30. ..............

01

4 9

4.05 

4.8

4.8

4.85

5.0

5.0

4 9

Feb.

5.3

Mar.

4.7

49 46

Apr.

s-5

5 J

May.

0.4

6.3

63 0 4.ri

4.8 4.8 , 7.3 

4. 85 4. 7 0. S

4.8

4.7

5.1 

4 8

4.7

4.7

4.65 

4.5

5.9

5.9

6.3 

0.6

"O.'io" .._

June.

6.0

6.0 

7.3

6. 2 7. 3

7.35

7.3

6.7

40-45 70 70

0.4

6.2 

6.0

5 8

4.6 4.5 0.8 i 5.5

4.6

4.5

4 4r>

5. 3 .......

5. 65 4. 9

4.5

4.4

16.2

12 1 li 3

10. 1 fi. 85

4.4

4.4

6.05

5.6

5.2 

5.1 .......

5.0

8.2

0.8

PI. 4.";

4. 45 ' 6. 7,

5. 35

5 9

6.2

0. 05

6.2

5 9

r f

6 2

July.

- r.

5. 0 

5.3

4.9

4.9 

4.9

4.9

4.8

4 t\~\

4.5

4.5,

4 S

Aug. Sept.

 .

r> 1

4.8

4.7

4.6 '

4.6

4.0 

4.5

4.4 

4.4

"4."(V" 

4.45

4.4 

4.2

4.3 

4.2

6. 0 4. 6 4. 1

57 47 4 1

4.3

4.3

4.3 

4.3

4.4

4.3 

4.2

4. 1 

4.2 

4.1

4.0

4.2 

4.15

4.0 

4.05 .......

Oct. Nov.

4.1 

4.0

4. 05 

4.05

4.0

4.0

4.1 

4.1

4.5 

4.9

4.5 

4.4

4.3 

4 2

4.2 

4.25

4.2

4 1

r> o 4 15 4. n

5. 3 5. 4 

5. 3 .......

5. 6 6. 85

6.3 6.4

6. ir,

14. 7 5. 9

14.2

8 1 ^

5. 0 ' 4. 25 

4.85 4.3 

47 4.3

4.6

4.0

5. 8 4. 15 

5. 8 4. 5

4.2

4.2

4.9 

4.6

4 S

'"4.2"

4.2

4.1 

4 0

5.0

4.7 

4.6 

4.5

6.6

4.0

4.0 4.65 

4.7 

4.6

4.5 

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.3 

4.3 

4.2 

4.25

4.3

4.45 

4.5 

4.4 

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1 

4.2

4.6

4.8 

4.8

4.7 

4.6 

4.65 

4.0 

4.5

Dec.

4.5

4.5 

4.3 

4.2

4.25 

4.35 

4.3

5.05

4.9 

4.85 

4.7 

4.6 

4.5

4.5 

4.5 

4.0 

4.5

4.6 

4.6

4. 8 

4.5

4.4 

4.45 

4. 45 

4.35

NOTE. The river does not usually freeze at or near the gage, and the flow is probably not greatly 

affected by ice conditions.

Rating table for Mcrrimae River at Franklin Junction, N. H., for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4 00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

950

4! 10 ! 1,060

4.20

4.30

4.40

4 50

4.60

4 70

4.80

1,170

1,290

1,410

1,540

1,670

1,800

1,940

4 90 , 2,080

5 00

5.10

2,230

2,380

Gageheight.

Feet.

5. 20

5.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,530

2,080

5.40 2,840

5.50 3,000

5. GO 3, 160

5.70 3,320

5.80

5.90

6.00

0.10

3,490

3,660

3,830

4,000

6.20 4,180

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,360

6.40 i 4,540

6. 50

0.60

0.70

6.80

0.90

7.00

7.20

7.40

7. CO

4,720

4,900

5,080

5,270

5,460

5,650

6,030 '

6,410

0,800

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.60

9.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7,200

7,600

8,000

8,400

8,800

9,200

9,600

10,020

10,440

10,860

11,280

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1905-6 and is well defined. Above gage height 9 feet the rating curve is a 

tangent, the difference being 210 per tenth. The curve for high stages has been drawn about 5 to 10 per 

cent greater than the 3 high-water measurements of 1900, all of which were made on a rapidly falling 

stage. It is considered as closely representing the flow for stationary stages.
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Monthly discharge of Merrimac River at Franklin Junction, N. H.,for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 1,460 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,900 

2,760 

4,180 

24,700 

21,600 

6,220 

3,490 

3,000 

1,410 

4,900 

2,160 

2,300

24,700

Minimum .

1,730 

1,170 

1,120 

3,000 

2,680 

2,680 

1,120 

1,060 

950 

950 

1,060 

1,170

950

Mean.

2,950 

1,980 

1,830 

6,610 

5,930 

4,210 

2,140 

1,500 

1,130 

1,620 

1,470 

1,630

2,750

Kun-oft.

Sec. -ft. per 

sq. mile.

2.02 

1.36 

1.25 

4.53 

4.06 

2.88 

1.47 

1.03 

.774 

1.11 

1.01 

1.12

1.88

Depth in 

inches.

2.33 

1.42 

' 1.44 

5.05 

4.68 

3.21 1.7" 

1. W 

.86 

1.28 

1.13 

1.29

25.58

NOTE. The discharge has been estimated for days on which the gage was not read.

Values are rated as follows: January to August, excellent; September, good; October to December, 

fair, owing to measurement of October 10, indicating a possible change in conditions of flow.

MERRIMAC RIVER AT GARVINS FALLS, N. H.

The power at Garvins Falls 4 miles below Concord is one of the 

best on Merrimac River. There has been a dam at this point since 

1815, first in connection with the Old Bow Canal and later to furnish 

power for a pulp mill. This privilege has since become the property 

of the Manchester Traction, Light and Power Company, and has been 

more completely developed.

Careful records of the pond and tail-race levels, wheel openings, 

etc., have been kept by the company since the completion of the new 

dam in 1904, and have been furnished for computations of flow by 

J. Brodie Smith, manager. The conditions at this station are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 94.

Discharge measurements of Merrimac River at Garvins Falls, N. H., in 1904-1906.

Date.

1904.

1906. 

April 18.......

April 18.......

October 10

Hydrographer.

T. W. Norcross............................... .....do..................................:......

.....do.........................................

.....do................ .........................

Width.

Feet. 

358

320

345

463

463

463

296

351

367

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

1,410

1,200

1,270

5,070

4,960

5,110

1,120

1,260

1,300

Reference 

point to 

water 

surface.

Feet. 

25.69

26.19

25.88

17.14

17.50

17.14

26.25

26.02

25.80

Discharge.

Sec.- ft. 

2,520

2,070

2,330

23,500

23,000

24,900

2,010

2,470

2,450

NOTE. All ot these measurements were made from the downstream side of the Hammond Street 

bridge, Concord, N. H., for the purpose of obtaining the coefficients of the dam.
MEEETMAC EIVEE DEAINAGE BASIN. 79

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimac Rirer at Garvins Falls, N. H.,for 1906.

Day.

2.. .......... .-.

'i... ............

5.... ...........

6...............

1.. .............

8.... ...........

9... ............

10...............

Jan.

4,480

4,040

3,380

2,940

3,470

3,860

3,780

3,070

2,880

Feb.

4,260

4,230

4,370

3,230

2,860

2,540

2,430

2,250

2,240

26............... 10,800 | 3,990

27...............I 8,380 4,710

28..............J 6,800 3,750

29.-............-! 6,040 .......

30...............I 5,180 .......

31............... 4,410 .......

Mar.

3,370

3,380

3,360

3,400

3,350

3,720

3,630

3,330

3,080

3,100

3,440

2,960

2,750

2,520

1,860

2,600

2,750

2,400

2,130

1,840

2,520

2,470

2,180

2,190

2,320

2,230

2,230

3,290

8,010

8,880

9 090

i

Apr.

8,300

7,080

6,280

6,260

6,770

9,820

10, 810

9,080

7,840

7,540

6,840

8,250

9,490

10, 660

12,680

27, 820

29, 560

22,080

17,630

15, 160

14,060

14,410

13,570

10,940

8,860

7,640

6,800

6, 240

5,980

5,720

May.

6, 150

6,310

6,540

7,920

7,240

6,900

6,510

6.110

5.550

6,150

9.050

7,300

5,8(.0

7,930

7,110

5,690

5,410

5,990

7,080

5,820

5,150

4,280

3,730

3,400

3,660

4,990

5,750

17,950

28,010

25, 260

18, 360

June.

13,000

9.740

8. 530

8,120

6,560

5,800

6.850

9,030

8,920

8,380

7,220

6, 500

5.490

4.830

4.360

3, SCO

3,980

7,640

8,630

7,720

6,500

5,440

4,750

6,140

9,570

8,360

7,010

5.850

5.020

4,630

July.

5,480

6.270

5,820

5.440

5,920

6,200

4,910

4,240

3,650

3,520

3,480

3,320

3,080

2.880

2,590

2,400

2,420

2,760

2,950

2,720

2.540

2,640

2,780

3,230

3,100

2,750

2,560

2,570

2,290

1,770

3,270

Aug.

5,020

3,720

3,140

2,730

2,540

2,210

2,400

2,370

3,800

2,210

2,120

1,910

1,760

1,970

2,060

1,860

1,900

1,910

1,810

1,460

1,800

1,720

1,720

1,850

1,770

1,720

1,660

1,780

2,420

2,370

2,160

Sept.

2,040

1,500

1,380

1,460

1,680

1,740

1,510

1,530

1,370

1,290

1,370

1,350

1,350

1,390

1,310

1,260

1,310

1,260

1,320

1,420

1,450

1,320

1,240

1,360

1,210

1,340

1,310

1,340

1,350

1,340

Oct.

1,220

1,280

1,210

1,290

1,340

1,260

1,270

1,120

1,430

1,820

2,410

2,440

1,910

1,930

1,710

1,610

1,420

1,430

1,480

1,540

2,140

2,610

2,300

2,020

1,990

3,440

3,940

2,910

2,220

2,140

2,040

Nov.

2,040

1,970

1,870

1,900

1,550

1,470

1,620

1,580

1,780

1,540

1,580

1,750

1,980

2,100

2,180

1,800

1,900

1,900

1,820

2,770

4,060

3,720

3,530

3,350

3,050

2,540

2,280

2,540

2,760

2,520

Dec.

2,240

2,140

1,580

1,990

1,640

1,980

1,970

1,620

2,090

1,680

1,880

1,780

1,910

1,990

1,980

2,320

1,880

1,900

1,830

1,860

1,920

1,960

2,270

1,890

2,060

1,550

2,030

1,930

2,110

2,460

1,710

Monthly discharge of Merrimac River at Garvins Falls, N. H.,for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 2,340 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17, 100 

4,710 

9,090 

29,600 

28,000 

13,000 

6,270 

5,020 

2,040 

3,940 

4,060 

2,460

29, 600

Minimum.

2,870 

2,220 

1,840 

5,720 

3,400 

3,860 

1,770 

1,460 

1,240 

1,120 

1,470 

1,550

1,120

Mean.

4,950 

3,110 

3,370 

11,100 

8,170 

6,950 

3,530 

2,260 

1,400 

1,900 

2,250 

1,940

4,250

Run-off.

Sec.-ft.per 

sq. mile.

2.12 

1.33 

1.44 

4.74 

3.49 

2.97 

1.51 

.966 

.598 

.812 

.962 

.829

1.81

Depth in 

inches.

2.44 

1.38 

1.66 

5.29 

4.02 

3.31 

1.74 

1. 11 

.67 

.94 

1.07 

.96

24. 59

NOTE. Values are rated as good.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

MEKRIMAC RIVER AT LAWRENCE, MASS.

Records of flow of the Merrimac at Lawrence have been kept for 

more than fifty years, but have never been published in full. Data 

in regard to the flow are furnished by R. A. Hale, principal assistant 

engineer of the Essex Water Power Company. The conditions at the 

station are described in "Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 95, where 

are given also references to publications that contain data for previous 

years.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimac River at dam at Lawrence, Mass., for 1906.

6,484

,201

4,087

3,692

7,473 15,770 7,945 20,079

8,162' 15,347 

8,359 12,957 

8,641| 12,471 

9.198. 10.974

4... ..... ........ 5,827

5.................. 6,091

6,175 3,693

5,923' 4,062

6,595 3,753

5.551 3.734

14,218 13,940

11,207> 17,000

9,714 14,290

8.499 13.940

65 13

7,998| 9,410 

9,276' 9,015 

8,735 11,016 

8,277 11,419 

7,965 10,575

7,386

5,663

5,945

5.125

11.................. 4,560 2,158

4,97

3,

3,681

3.761

4,720

5,283

12,

15,349

13,500

5,025

6,174

7,145

6,781

5,587

3,503

2,345

2,497

4,921

3,663

4,548

3,229

3,102

3,649

4,137

21.................. 4,958 3,

5,161

8,02

9,200

7.210

4,301 17,2

4,482; 15,7

4,851| 16,601

3,030 14,856

3,219 12,634

7,014 10,995

5,637 9,

4,715 7,374

4,818! 7,361

4,588 10,934

3,522

3,138

4,701

3,796

4,456

24.................. 13,845

25.................. 23,900

4,451 11,674

6,184 9,747

12,300 8.050

35,050 6,779

30.910 5,595

4,285 

3,932 

2,620 

2,599 

4.C02

Aug.

5,374

7,314

5,357

4,339

4,044

Sept. Oct. Nov. I Dee.

2,202

1,251

1,635

3,764

2,816

2,379

2,237

2,206

2,266

3,344i 

3,1671 

2,126

452

3,438

2,397

1,776

4,441

3,395

2,644

5,335 2,716 1,514 3,352 2,622 

' ' 2,451, 1321 3,£ ' "-

31

 i, 'iUO

3,945

3,969

3, 643

2,251

1,986

4,435

3,327

2,877

2,946

2,850

1,995

839

3,641

2,945

2,734

2,571

2,709

1,581

753

3,456

2,804

2,596

2,619

3,040

£,, 4J1

1,535

101

2,205

2, 256

2,246

2,282

2,127

1,433

76

2,145

2,184

2,134

2,174

2,107

1,367

103

2,143

2,189

2,309

2,518

2, 386

1.515

167

1OZ O, ^4U

1,977 2,686

1,936

2,155

2, 460

1,652

2, 652' 334

2,723 2,851

1,574 2,842

662 3,270

3,508i 3,285

3,127 3,638

3,011, 2,400

2,540J 941

2,47l| 4,121

1,497

133

2,525

2,850

3,337

3,186

3,201

2,671

3,449

3,405

4,995

5,048

5,269

4,072

3,518

5,094

4,011

^, i;w 

1,654

386

2,900

3,054

2,816

2,901

2,777

1,903

487

3,564

3,066

3,120

2,910

3,002

2,031

478

4,223

850

3,999

3,271

3,629 3,289

4,738 I,t59, 2,239

3,648 4,823 551

3, 398 ...... 4,054
MERRIMAC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 81

Average weekly flow, arranged in order of discharge, of Merrimac River at Lawrence, Mass.,

for 1906.

Week ending SundaySeptember 23. -.-....._..

J\i\y22. ..................

July 29...--.---.-.....-..

July 15...................

Julv 8............. .......

May 6....................

July 1 ....................

May 13. ................. .

March 17.................

April 29..-.---.-.--.-....

April 1 ...................

April 8........ .. --.-....-

April 15..-..-......---...

April 22 .......---.....--.

Total (52 weeks)... 

Weekly average ....

Merrimac 

River at 

Lawrence 

(total 

drainage 

area=4, 664 

sq.m.).

Wasting into Merrimac from 

Nashua 

River at 

Clinton 

(drainage 

area=118 

sq. m.).

Sudbury 

River at 

Dam 1 

(drainage 

area =75 

sq. in.).

Lake Cochituate Bannister 

Brook 

(drainage 

area=19 

sq. m.).

Total

waste of 

these 

watersheds 

(total 

drainage 

area=212 

sq. m.).

Second-feet for seven days.

1,745 

1,804 

1,859 

1,890 

1,954 

2, 145 

2,327 

2,405 

2,419 

2,453 

2,518 

2,567 

2,596 

2,632 

2,748 

2,753 

2,980 

3,031 

3,327 

3,510 

3,561 

3,618 

3,657 

3,770 

4,246 

4,347 

4,456 

4,706 

4,948 

5,344 

5,608 

5,893 

5,98] 

6,181 

6,408 

7,301 

7,524 

7,990 

8,390 

8,406 

8,458 

8,782 

10,181 

10, 697 

10,896 

11,531 

12,315 

13,675 

13,936 

16, 669 

22,983 

23,646

325,767 

6,255

6 

6 

6 

6

8 

6 

6 

5 

7 

5 

5 

6 

5 

4 

5 

7 

5 

5 

5 

4 

3 

7 

7 

6 

4 

5 

5 

4 

7 

6 

5 

4 

6 

4 

5 

7 

8 

6 

6 

6 

7

5 

6

5 

6 

7 

5 

7 

9 

6 

6

297 

6

2

2

2

2 

2 

2

2

3

2 

3 

72 

42 

31 8' 

2 

2 

5 

28 

39 

11 

30

92 

30 

24 

51 

2 

6 

128 

72 

104 

55 

77 

20 

10 

55 

142 

8 

16 

9 

209 

45 

28 

72 

248 

79 

136 

214 

175 

127

2,532 

49

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

. 0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

32 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

36 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

34 

0 

' 0 

8 

96 

0 

27 

58 

0 

34

8 

8 

8 

8 

10 

8 

8 

7 

10 

7 

7 

9 

77 

46 

30 

15 

7 

7 

10 

32 

42 

IS 

37 

8 

128 

35 

29 

55 

9 

12 

169 

76 

110 

59 

82 

27 

18 

61 

148 

14 

23 

14 

248 

51 

33 

86 

351 

84 

170 

28] 

181 

167

325 3,154 

6 61

Net yield of Merrimac 

River from 4,452 

square miles, in second-feet.

Seven days.

1,737 

1,796 

1,851 

1,882 

1,944 

2,137 

2,319 

2,398 

2,409 

2,446 

2,511 

2,558 

2, 519 

2, '586 

2,712 

2,738 

2,973 

3,024 

3,317 

3,478 

3,519 

3,600 

3,620 

3,762 

4,118 

4,312 

4,427 

4,651 

4,939 

5,332 

5,439 

5,817 

5,871 

6,122 

6,326 

7,274 

7,506 

7,929 

8,242 

8,392 

8, 435 

8,768 

9,933 

10,646 

10,863 

11,445 

11,964 

13,591 

13,760 

16,388 

22,802 

23, 479

Per sq.m.

0.390 

.40S 

.416 

.423 

.437 

.480 

.521 

.539 

.541 

.549 

.564 

.575 

. 566 

.581 

.609 

.615 

.668 

.679 

.745 

.781 

.790 

.809 

.813 

.845 

.925 

.968 

.994 

1.045 

1.110 

1.198 

1.222 

1.307 

1.319 

1.375 

1.421 

1.634 

1.686 

1.781 

1.851 

1.885 

1.895 

1.969 

2.231 

2.391 

2.440 

2.571 

2. 687 

3.053 

3.092 

3.681 

5. 122 

5.274

322,613 72.466 

6,204 1.393

IRK 201-
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

PEMIGEWASSET EIVER AT PLYMOUTH, N. H.

This station was established September 5, 1903. It is located 

at 'the wooden highway bridge below the mouth of Bakers Kiver in 

the town of Plymouth. The height of water at Plymouth has been 

recorded daily since January 1, 1886, during which time extensive 

deforestation in the basin above has taken place. This record of gage 

height has been given to the United States Geological Survey by the 

Locks and Canals Company, of Lowell, Mass. The conditions at the 

station and the bench marks are described in the New Hampshire 

Forestry Keports for 1903-1906, and in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, 

page 98, where are given also references to publications that contain 

data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905. 

July 4..........

August 23 6 ....

October 28 «....

1906.

April 17........

Ilydrographer.

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do............................. ..........

.....do............................. ..........

.....do........................................

T. W. Norcross ..............................

G. M. Brett ..................................

.....do.......................................

Width.

Feet. 

202

178

124

224

142

113

113

228

228

212

168

102

108

'Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. "777

387

257

1,400

282

208

 208

1,590

813

312

181

174

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.94

2.75

1.80

6.88

2.01

1.57

7.56

4 00

1.69

1.42

1.42

1.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

370

5,840

466

272

7,350

2,140

328

212

262

a In left channel by wading.

6 In left channel by wading; meter fastened to a rod.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, JV. H.,for 1906.

Day.

1............... 

2............... 

3. ............. .

4. ............ ..

6............... 

7.. .............

8...............

9...............

10.... ...........

12...............

13............... 

14............... 

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

Jan.

3.4 

3.2

2.85

2.9 

3.5

3.5

3.2

2.8

3.0

3.1

2.85 

3.05 

2.8

2.85 

3.05

2.9

2.8

2.7

Feb.

3.0

2.9

2.8

3.15 

3.45

3.55 

3.4

3.5

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.4 

3.35 

3.3

3.2 

3.15

3.15

3.1

Mar.

3.4

3.55 

2.8

2.75

2.8

2.9

2.7

2.35

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.15 

2.4

2.15 

2.0

1.9

2.3

2.2

Apr.

3.1 

2.9 

3.0

3.3

3.55

4.7 

3.7

3.35

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.25

3.35 

4.15 

9.0

12.35 

8.35

7.8

6.9

6.6

May.

4.8 

4.8 

4.9

5.2 

4.9

4.7 

4.45

4.4

6.G

4.6

6.2 

5.5 

4.5

4.3

4.5

5.85

5.05

4.2

June.

4.4 

4.05 

4.1

3.7 

3.4

3.85 

5.8

4.0

3.85

3.4

3.15 

3.0 

2.75

2.6 

2.65

3.7

3.2

2.8

July.

3.35 

2.9 

2.6

2.65 

3.3

2.8 

2.45

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0 

1.9 

1.85

1.8 

1.9

2.1

1.9

1.8

Aug.

2.S 

2.4 

2 9

2.1

1.95

1.85 

1.8

1.7

1.75

1.7

1.65 

1.7 

1.6

1.55 

1.5

1.5

1.4

Sept.

1.6 

1.55 

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.55 

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5 

1.5 

1.45

1.5 

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

Oct.

1.3 

1.35 1-.4

1.35 1.2'

1.2' 

1.1

1.2

1.3

2.6

2.6

2.15

1.95 

1.75 

1.65

1.65 

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.8

Nov.

2.2 

2.1 

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.85 

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.0 

1.9 

1.85

1.8 

1.8

1.75

2.1

3.25

Dec.

2.35 

2.25 

1.7

2.1 

2.05

2.05 

2.2

i2.1

2.25

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.5 

2.5 

2.6

b2.4 

2.5

2.8

2.65

2.6

a. About one-half of section frozen over; open under gage and around pier. 

b Almost frozen over at gage.
MEERIMAC EIVEB DEAIISTAGE BASIN. 83

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H.,for 1906 Cont'd.

Day.

21...............

22...............

23....---.-.---..

25...............

26.... -----------

28...............

29

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.75

3.25

6.05

6.25

3.75

2 9

3.1

Feb.

3.0

3.1

3.6

0 0

3 1

2 9

3.2

Mar.

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.85

1 9

2.6

3.8

4.1

3.8

Apr.

7.1

7.2

6.2

4.0

4.0

4.05

3 9

May.

3.7

3.5

3.2

Q Q

3.9

5.6

11.45

6.6

5.2

June.

2.4

2.7

5.1

3.8

2.85

2.6

2

0

July.

1.8

2.8

2.2

1 9

1.9

1.7

1.7

2.7

4.2

Aug.

1.45

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.6

3.65

9 3

1.8

1.7

Sept.

1.3

1.25

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.3

Oct.

3.2

2.5

2.2

2.3

o n

2.7

Nov.

2.8 2.7-

2.55

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.9

2.6

2.0

Dec.

2.35

2.7

»2.7

bi.4

» Gage height to top of ice, open channel 10 feet wide near pier. 

& .River entirely frozen over; gage height to top of ice 1.5 feet.

NOTE. The following ice conditions prevailed during 1906: River frozen over part of time in left 

channel only, January 1 to 23; ice went out January 23. During February left channel near gage was 

frozen over, right channel near gage was open for a width of about 70 feet; open-water strip extended 

upstream ne_arly to Bakers River, and some 500 feet downstream from gage. During March the openwater strip in right channel narrowed down to 60 feet width and extended but a short distance above 

and below the gage. Ice began to wear away again about March 24, and went out completely during 

the morning of April 6. River commenced to freeze from the sides about December 1, the ice gradually 

creeping toward the middle until December 28, when the river was entirley frozen. Until December 

23 it was open under the gage.

During the frozen season gage readings are to water surface, the gage being over the right channel, 

which remained open. The average thickness of ice for the left channel and for the frozen portion 

near the gage upstream and downstream was as follows:

Thickness of ice.

Date.

March 3. ...............................

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

0.3

.7

7

.9

.9

Date. Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

1.1

.3

.9

Rating table for Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H.,for 1905-6.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

140

158

183

211

243.

278

317

361

410

465

525

585

650

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

720

790

865

945

1,025

1,105

1,190

1,275

1,365

1,455

1,545

1,640

1,735

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,830

1,930

2,030

2,130

2,340

2,555

2,780

3,010

3,250

3,500

3,760

4,030

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

4,305

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,590

4,890

5,200

5,520

5,850

6,185

7,970

9,970

12,050

14,150

16, 2,50

18,350

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharg 

measurements made during 1905-6 and is well defined.
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Monthly discharge of Pcnvigcvassct River at Plymouth, N. H.,for 1905-6. 

[Drainage area, 015 square miles.]

Month.

1905.

July. ..........................................

1906.

July...........................................

Discha 

Maximum.

7,140 

3,440 

5,040 

4,590 

2,500 

9,570 

2,030 

3,250 

5.040

17,000 

15, 100 

4.300 

2, 340 

1.780 

317 

2,390 

1,410

 ge in second 

Minimum.

1,500 

865 

650 

317 

317 

790 

386 

361 

361

1,280 

1,360 

720 

317 

211 

170 

140 

339

-feet. 

Mean.

3,180 

1,690 

1,280 

920 

702 

2,460 

732 

687 

1,470

4,180 

3,700 

1,700 

688 

394 

222 

542 

573

Run-off.

See.-ft. per Depth in 

sq. mile. inches.

5.18 

2.74 

2.07 

1.50 

1.14 

4.00 

1.19 

1.12 

2.39

6.80 

6.01 

2.76 

1.12 

.641 

.361 

.881 

.932

5.78 

3.16 

2.31 

1.73 

1.31 

4.46 

1.37 

1.25 

2.76

6.32 

6.93 

3.08 

1.29 

.74 

.40 

1.02 

1.04

NOTE. Values for 1905 and 1906 aro excellent.

CONTOOCOOK RIVER AT WEST HOPKINTON, N. H.

This station was established July 9 ; 1903. It is located at the 

wooden highway bridge near the railway station at West Hopkinton. 

The conditions and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply 

Paper No. 165 ; page 101, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years. Length of chain, April 

27, 1906, 26.02 feet.

Discharge measurements of Contoocook River at West Hopkinton, N. H., in 1906.

Date.

April 27 .......

July 19 ........

Ilydrographer. *

G. M. Brett ................... ...........

Width.

Feet. 

124

120

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

320

230

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.97

3.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

920

508

Daily gage height, infect, of Contoocook River at West Hopkinton, Ar. H.,for 1906.

Day. Jan. Feb.

1............... 3.55 3.5

2...............' 3.55

3............... 3.4

4 .36

5...............

6...............

7..... ...... ..

3.8

3.75

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.5

3. 7 3. 4

8............... 3.8 , 3.5

10............... 3.7

11............... 3.75

12............... 3.9

13...............

14...............

1 5

3.3

3.3

3.65

4. 05 3. 9

4. 0 3. 75

3 65 3 fi

Mar. Apr. May.

3. 5 5. 05 3. 6

June. July.

5. 55 3. 7

Aug. Sept.

3. 25 2. 5

Oct.

2.3

3.5 4 (i 3.6 '4.8 41 3 15 9,. 4 93

3.5

3.65

3.6

4.3

4 2 4 n 43 30 o 85 93 93

4 65 3Q 39 44

5.2

3. 6 5. 2

3.7

3.7

3. 55 : o. 0 3. 8

3.5

3.45

3.4

4.5

4.4

5.0

3.7 4.1

3. 6 3. 7

3. 65

3 X

3.4

3 3

3. 95 3. 9 3. 2

4. 0 ' 3. 95

3.8

3. 35 5. 3 3. 7

32 5 75 ' 3 fi

3 3 fi Q 35

3.8

3.6

3 9

2.85

2.85

2.3

2.3

2. 9 2. 3

2

O O Q

2.75 2.2

3. 2 2. 7 2. 2

3.2 2.65 ! 2.3

3.15

3 0

9 Q

2. 6 2. 2

2.5

9 45

2.3

9 3

2 2

2.2

2.3

2.3

9 3

2.65

2.95

2.85

2.8

2.7

9 5

o Anchor ice in river,

Nov.

2.75

Dec.

2.95

9, 8

2. 5 3. 55

.... 3.75

9 ^5

2.5

2.5

a 3. 85

«4.2

a 4. 15

2. 6 a 4. 3

2. 85 4. 35

9 fi Q fi^
MEBTttMAC EIVEE DEAINAGE BASIN. 85 

Daily gage height, in feet, ofContoocook River at West Hopkinton, AT. H.,for 1906 Con.

Day.

16...............

17

18..... .... ....

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26....... .. ...

27...............

28...............

30...............

31 ........... ..

Jan.

3.6

3.8

3. 75

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.8

6.0

7.3

0.3

4.9

4.0

4.1

O Q

3.6

Feb.

3.65

3. 75

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.9

4.1

3.8

3.9

3. 75

3.7

3.5

] Mar.

3.1

3. 05

3.0

2.9

3.0

1 i

3.0

 ? A",

3.0

3.05

2. 9

3. 45

5.3

Apr.

8.4

8.0

6. 55

5.8

5. 35

5.05

4.85

4.6

4.3

4. 15

3. 95

3.8

o o

3 6

May.

3.4

3. 45

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.4

3.6

3. 75

6.3

June.

3.1

3. 55

4.8

5.0

4. 65

4.1

3. 75

3.5

4.0

4.7

4.1

3.6

3.4

3.3

3. 25

July.

2.8

2.85

2.95

3.15

3.1

3. 05

3.0

2. 95

3.0

3.1

2.9

2. 85

2.8

9 75

2 8

Aug.

2.5

2.4

2. 5

2.4

2.5

9 4

2.4

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

Sept.

2.2

2. 3

2. 25

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2 35

2.3

2. 3

2. 35

Oct.

2. 4

2.3

2. 35

2.4

2. 55

2. 85

2.8

2. 95

2.8

2.9

2. 85

3. 05

2.9

2.8

Nov.

2.7

2.75

2.7

3.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.5

3.3

3.0

2.95

3. 05

0 A

Dec.

3.95

3. 85

3.75

3.7

3.6

3. 55

3.5

3.45

3.5

3.0

3.45

3. 4

NOTE. During the winter months considerable trouble is experienced from anchor ice forming around 

rocks and forming backwater.

Rating table for Contoocook River at West Ilopkinton, N. II., for 1905-6.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

143

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.40

165 ' 3. ,50

185 3. 60

209

237

270

308

352

402

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

457 4. 30

517 '; 4.40

582 4.50

Discharge.

Gage 

height.

Sec.-ft. Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

051 4. (iO 1,805

724

801

882

967

1,056

1,150

4.70 1,925

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

1.250 5.60

1,355 5.80

1,465

1, 575

1,690

6.00

2. .045

2,165

2.290

2, 550

2,820

3,100

3,305

3, 710

6. 20 4, 038

6.40 4, 366

Gage 

height.

Ffft.

6. 60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.00

7.80

8.00

9.00

Discharge.

Sfc.-ft.

4, 694

5,022

5, 350

5,078

6. OQ6

6,354

6. 662

0,990

8, 030

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on twelve discharge measurements made during 1905-0'and is well defined between'gage heights 2.4 feet and 9.0 feet.

Monthly discharge of Contoocoolc River at West Hopkinton, N. II,. for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 410 square miles.]

Month.

July......... .................................

Discha 

Maximum.

7, (550 

6, 420

1,580 

550 

209 

430 

1,250

"ge in second-feet. 

Minimum. Mean.

801 

457 

457 

289 

185 

143 

143 

209

2,500 

1,430 

1,170 

583 

265 

164 

254 

429

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

6.10

3.49

2. 85

1.42

. 046

.400

620

i.Oo

Depth in 

inches.

6.81

4.02

3.18

1.64

.74

.45

.72

1.17

NOTE. Values arc rated us follows: September, good; remainder of the period, excellent.
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

SUDBURY RIVER AT FRAMINGHAM AND LAKE COCHITUATE AT 

COCHITUATE, MASS.

Sudbury River and Lake Cochituate have been studied by the engineers of the city of Boston, the State board of health of Massachusetts, 

and the metropolitan water and sewerage board; records of rainfall 

in the Sudbury basin have been kept since 1875 and in the Cochituate 

basin since 1852, but the latter are considered of doubtful accuracy 

previous to 1872.

The conditions at this station and the bench marks are described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 104, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

The accompanying tables, furnished by Frederic P. Stearns, give 

the results for 1906, also the averages for thirty-two years for Sudbury 

River and for forty-four years for Lake Cochituate.

Yield and rainfall in Sudbury River watershed at Framingham, Mass. 

[Drainage area, 75.2 square miles.]

Month.

1906. 

January ................................

July....................................

1875-1906.

April ...................................

July....................................

November

Total 

yield in 

million 

gallons.

2,629.5 

2,190.9 

5, 615. 7 

4, 396. 1 

2,469.5 

1,594,0 

927.0 

420.0 

43.9 

702.8 

1,089.6 

1,535.4

23,614.4

91,014.7 

121,403.4 

220, 293. 6 

151,296.9 

82, 987. 5 

37,975.4 

14.853.9 

21,025.6 

18.971.7 

36.465.7 

60,496.0 

79, 300. 3

936 084 7 '

Average yield of 1 

square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

1.128 

1.041 

2.409 

1.949 

1.059 

.707 

. 398 

.180 

.019 

.301 

.483 

.659

.860

1.220 

1.788 

2.953 

2.096 

1.113 

.526 

.199 

.282 

.263 

.489 

.838 

1.063

1.065

Secondfeet.

1.745 

1.610 

3.727 

3.015 

1.639 

1.093 

.615 

.279 

.030 

.466 

.747 

1.019

1.331

1.888 

2.766 

4.569 

3.242 

1.721 

.814 

.308 

.436 

.407 

. 756 

1.296 

1.645

1.648

Rainfall 

in 

inches .«

2.47 

2.92 

6.32 

2.88 

5.66 

3.91 

3.42 

3.02 

3.30 

3.40 

2.69 

4.49

44.48

4.19 

4.22 

4.60 

3.56 

3.35 

3.17 

3.72 

3.98 

3.43 

4.12 

3.86 

3.84

46.04

Rainfall 

collected 

in 

inches.0

2.012 

1.676 

4.297 

3.364 

1.890 

1.220 

.709 

.321 

.034 

.538 

.834 

1. 175

18.070

2.176 

2.903 

5.268 

3.618 

1.984 

.908 

.355 

.503 

.454 

.872 

1.446 

1.896

22. 384

Per cent 

collected .

81.5 

57.5 

68.1 

116.6 

33.4 

31.2 

20.7 

10.6 

1.0 

1.5.8 

31.1 

26.2

40.6

52.0 

68.7 

114.5 

101.7 

59.2 

28.6 

9.6 

12.6 

13.2 

21.2 

37.5 

49.3

48.6

« Total for month for 1906; average of totals per calendar month 1875 to 1906.
MERBIMAC ETVEE DEAINAGE BASIN. 87

Yield and rainfall in Cochituate Lake watershed at Cochituate, Mass. 

[Drainage area, 18.87 square miles.]

Month.

1906.

May ...................................

July ....................................

1863-1906.

Dccemher

Total 

yield in 

million 

gallons.

418.5 

1,140.7 

873.9

282.3 

241.9 

185.3 

156.8

261. 0 

266.5

5,151.8

28 S26.8

57,206.9

42,941.9 

25,244.0 

11,612.5

10,791.4 

14,836.4 

20, 070. 4 

24,446.7

290, 988. 0

Average yield of 1 

square mile.

SE S-ndper day. feet "

o. SSl 

.792 

1.950 

1.544 

.902

. 499 

.114 

.317 

.277

!4R6 

. 456

.748

1.120

2.222

1.724 

980 

.467 

.297 

.422 

.433 

.576 

.800 

.950

.959

1.363 

1.226 

3.017 

2.388 

1.395 

.772 

.640 

.490 

.429 

.738 

.722 

.705

1.157

1 . 733 

2.371 

3.438

2.667 

1.516 

.723 

.459 

. 653 

.670 

.892 

1.247 

1.469

1. 1S5

Rainfall 

in 

inches .a

2.66 

2.59 

6.47 

2.60 

4.98 

3.44 

3.01 

2.37 

2.84 

3.26 

2.50 

4.68

41.43

3.95 

3.95 

1.47 

3 65 

3.71 

3.08 

1.00 

4.32 

3.57 

4.31 

4.09 

3.58

46. 77

Rainfall 

collected 

in 

inches .a

1.57 

1.28 

3.4S 

2.66 

1.61 

.86 

.74 

.57 

.48 

.85 

.80 

.81

15. 71

2.00 

2.53 

3.97 

9 .97 

1.75 

.81 

.53 

.75 

.75 

1.03 

1.39 

1.69

20.17

Per cent 

collected.

59.0 

49.3 

53.8 

102.5 

32.3 

25.0 

24.3 

23.8 

16.8 

26.1 

32.2 

17.4

37.9

50.6 

64.8 

88.7 

81.5 

47.2 

26.2 

13.0 

17.4 

20.9 

23.9 

34.0 

47.3

43.1

a Total per month for 1905: average of totals per calendar month 1863-1906. 

SOUTH BRANCH OF NASHUA RIVER AT CLINTON, MASS.

Since July, 1896, the flow of South Branch of Nashua River has 

been measured at Clinton by the engineers of the metropolitan water 

and sewerage board. The results of these measurements have been 

furnished by Frederic P. Stearns, chief engineer. Beginning with 

1897 the flow has been corrected for loss and gain of storage in ponds 

and mill reservoirs on the watershed, so that the results show the 

natural flow of the stream. The accompanying tables give the 

results for 1906, also the average for the years 1897-1906, inclusive. 

The conditions at the station and the bench marks are described in 

Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 108, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.
88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Yield and rainfall in South of Branch Nashua River watershed at Clinton, Mass. 

[Drainage area, 119 square miles-1

Month.

1906.

April.......... ........................

May....................................

July....................................

1897-1906.

April...................................

July..... ...............................

Total 

yield in 

million 

gallons.

4,174.7 

3, 420. 3 

6, 861.7 

7,528.2 

5,654.2 

4,225.4 

2.686.3 

2, 180. 8

1,954.9

2,930.7

45,281.4

43, 398. 4 

46,781.4 

111,969.4 

88, 208. 7 

46, 487. 3 

32, 706. 7 

19,658.7 

19,194.2 

15, 590. 1 

21,432.1 

28, 836. 4 

53, 683. 2

527, 946. 6

Average yield of 1 

square mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

1.132 

1.027 

1.860 

2.109 

1.533 

1.184 

.728 

.591 

.277 

.530 

.749 

.794

1.043

1.177 

1.399 

3.035 

2.471 

1.260 

.916 

.533 

.520 

.437 

.581 

.808 

1.455

1.215

Secondfeet.

1.751 

1.588 

2. 878 

3.263 

2.371 

1.831 

1.127 

.915 

.428 

.820 

1.160 

1.229

1.613

1.820 

2.164 

4.696 

3.822 

1.949 

1.417 

.825 

.805 

.675 

.899 

1.249 

2.251

1.880

Rainfall 

in 

inches."

2.59 

2.74 

5.17 

3.12 

6.58 

5.95 

5.52 

. 4.34 

2.61 

3.95 

2.25 

4.26

49.08

3.76 

3.75 

4.94 

4.17 

3.50 

4.60 

4.64 

4.40 

3.78 

3.58 

3.4P 

4.71

49.32

Rainfall 

collected 

in 

inches .«

2. 018 

1.654 

3.317 

3.640 

2.734 

2.043 

1.299 

1.055 

.478 

.945 

1.294 

1.417

21.894

2.098 

2.262 

5.413 

4.265 

2.248 

1.582 

.951 

.928 

.754 

1.036 

1.394 

2.596

25.527

Per cent 

collected.

78.1 

60.5 

64.2 

116.5 

41.5 

34. 3 

23.5 

24.3 

18. 3 

23.9 

57.5 

33.3

44.6

55.8 

60.2 

109.6 

102.2 

64.2 

34.4 

20.5 

21.1 

20.0 

28.9 

39.9 

55.1

51.8

a Total per month for 1906; average of totals per calendar month 1897-1906.

BLACKSTONE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

BLACKSTONE RIVER NEAR WOONSOCKET, R. I.

A gaging station was established on Blackstone River near Woonsocket; R. I., April 5, 1904. During 1905 it was found that the flow 

was considerably influenced by backwater from the dam at Woonsocket, and the station was discontinued December 31, 1905. The 

conditions and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 165, page 109, where are given also references to publications that 

contain data for previous years.

CONNECTICUT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Connecticut River has its source in Connecticut Lake in northern 

New Hampshire. Its extreme headwaters, however, lie in the 

Province of Quebec and in the mountains on the northern boundary 

of New Hampshire; thence the river flows in a southerly direction 

between New Hampshire and Vermont and through Massachusetts and 

Connecticut into Long Island Sound. The total drainage area is 11,085 

square miles, of which 155 square miles lie in the Province of Quebec.
CONNECTICUT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 89

Its total length from Connecticut Lake to Long Island Sound is 345 

miles. Water power is used at several points, notably at Windsor 

Locks, Conn.; Holyoke and Turners Falls, Mass.; and Bellows Falls 

and Wilder, Yt.

The drainage areas of the river and of several of its tributaries are 

given in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 114.

CONNECTICUT RIVER NEAR ORFORD. N. H. \ ;

This station was established August 6, 1900. It is located at the 

wooden highway bridge between Orford, X. II., and Fairlee, Yt., and 

is about 75 miles from the source of the stream. The conditions and 

the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper Xo. 165, page 

115, where are given also references to publications that contain data 

for previous years. Length of chain changed October 4, 1906, to 

42.80 feet, owing to movement of bridge to which it is attached.

Discharge measurements of Connecticut River near Orford, N. II., in 1906.

Date.

February 8. ....

February 15. ...

February 17....

llydrograplior.

T. \\ . Norcross ..........

Norcross and Adams .....

.....do....................

Width.

Feet.

327

327

327

327

327

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft.

1,920

1,879

1,790

1,560

1,440

Gage 

height, a

Feet.

6.84

6.80

6.50

6.00

5.59

Gage 

height. f>

Feet.

6.99

6.80

6. 58

6.11

5.70

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet.

1.4*

1.48

1.52

1.55

1.55

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

2,250

2,240

2,040

1,680

1,490

a To water surface. fc To top of ice. 

Daily gage height, infect, of Connecticut River near Orford, N. II., for 1906.

Day. Jan.

1 "8.0

2 ........ & 1 1 . 0

3............... H2.7

4............... all. 3

5............... a 9. 2

6.. ............. a8.1

7 .............. a 7.4

8............... .......

9............... .......

10............... .......

11............... .......

12............... 0.5.9

13............... .......

14............... 5.9

15............... .......

16............... .......

17............... .......

18............... .......

19............... .......

20............... .......

23............... oiO.O

25............... 20.2

Fel).

9.8

8.7

7.8

o 7.7

a 7.4

6.85

7.i

7.0

6.8

6.0

8.4

Mar.

6.8

6.4

6.4

6.0

5.6

5. 7

5 2

Apr.

oll.3

olO.l

o9.9

o9.5

oil. 7

all. 9

ol2.7

"11.9

all. 3

0-11.1

olO.S

a9 9

09.8

a 9. 8

14.8

21.4

21.6

21.4

20.2

19.1

18.4

18.7

17.9

13.7

May.

9.3

9.9

12.4

13.9

13.7

13.0

12.8

12.5

11.6

13.3

14.1

13.7

13.1

15.7

16.2

15. 4

16. 4

16.6

13.7

13.1

U

o

10.1

9.8

9.4

June.

13.9

12.3

10.6

9.3

9.9

9.8

10.7

11.4

12.3

11.9

10.8

9.4

8.9

8.5

7.9

7 4

6.8

6.4

6.1

5.8

6.2

6.9

July.

6.5

6.5

6.3

5 9

6.1

6.2

5.9

y.o

5.4

4.9

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.1

4.9

5.0

4.5

4 3

4.0

4.0

3.9

5.1

4.8

4.4

Aug.

o 5

5.5

5.5

4.5

3.9

4.3

3.7

3.6

3.9

3.9

3.6

3.1

3. 5

3.1

3.2

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.4

2.9

o n

2.9

3.0

2.9

Sept.

4.5

3.9

4.2

6.1

5.8

5.5

4.9

4.5

4.3

4.3

3.6

3.9

4.0

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.7

2.9

3.0

Oct.

2.8

2.9

3.1

3.8

3.9

3.6

3.1

3.1

3.4

4.2

4.3

5.8

6.6

6.2

5.7

5.1

4.9

4.5

4.6

4.1

5.1

6.3

6.7

6.6

Nov.

5.6

5.5

4.8

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.9

3. 7

3.9

4.0

3.7

4.0

4.3

4.5

4.0

3.7

5.0

5.7

6.4

7.1

6.7

6.4

6.1

Dec.

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.4

4.5

04.8

o5.6

To top of ice.
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IF 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Connecticut River near Orford, N. H.,for 1906 Continued.

Day.

26....-...-...-..

27...............

28............... 

29"?n

01

Jan.

19.0

17.4

14.9

12 7

10 4

Feb. 

 

Mar.

a'ii.'e"

ol2.0

Apr.

11.6

10.9

10.5 

9.9

P. 4

May.

12.0

13.2

18.6 

20.4

16.9

15.8

June.

6.7

6.4

6.2 

5.9

6.0

July.

4.0

4.5

4.5 

4.0

4.6

5 9

Aug.

3.3

4.5

6.5 

6.0

5.9

Sept.

2.9

2.8

2.8 

2.9

2.8

Oct.

6.9

7.4

7.2 

6.9

6.7

6.7

Nov.

6.3

6.3

6.4

fi R

^ Q

Dec.

4.8

« To top of ice.

NOTE. The folio wing ice conditions prevailed during 1900: River frozen over January 1 to 23; ice went 

out January 24. Frozen over at gage February 3; right channel open about 100 feet wide; leftchannel 

frozen over; river entirely covered with ice above the bridge. River entirely frozen over at gage about 

March 1; ice went out about April 15. River frozen over December 12 to 31. During the frozen period 

gage heights were taken to water surface through a hole in the ice. The folio wing comparative readings 

were taken:

Comparative ice and water readings.

Date. Water 

surface.

Feet. 

5.9

6.85

6.8

6.6

8.4

6.8

Top of

ice.

Feet. 

6. 1

5.9

7.0

6.6

8.6

6.9

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet. 

0.7

.8

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

Date.

March 11. ...............

March 18. ...............

March 25................

December 30... ..........

Water 

surface.

Feet. 

6.4

6.4

6.0

5.6

5.7

5.2

4.8

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

6.5

6.5

6.1

5.9

5.4

4.9

Thickness of 

ice.

Feet.

1.55

1.55

1.6

1.7

.7

Rating table for Connecticut River near Orford, N. H. 

FOR OPEN-CHANNEL CONDITIONS FROM 1904 TO 1906.«

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3. 30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

Discharge.

Sec.-fl.

950

1,000

1,050

1,100

1,160

1,220

1,280

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

1,340 4.90

1,400 | 5.00

1,460

1,530

1,600

1,670

1,740

1,810

5.10

5. 20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,880

1,950

2,030

2,110

2,190

2,270

2,350

2.430

2.520

2,610

Gage 

i height.

Feet.

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

j 6.20

! 6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

2,700 1 7.40

2,790 7.60

2,880 H 7.80

2,970

3,070

8. CO

: 9.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,170

3,270

3,370

3,470

3,680

3,900

4,120

4,340

4,560

4,780

5,000

5, 220

5,440

5,660

6,900

Gage 

height.

Feet.

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

22. 00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,250

9,700

11,200

12, 770

14,340

15,910

17,480

19,050

20, 620

22, 190

23,760

25, 330

26,900

UNDER ICE COVER FOR 190(5.6

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

1,210

1,300

1,400

1,500 : 1, 620 '

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

1,740 ' 5.60

1.860

1,990

2,120

2,260

5.80

6.00

G.20

6.40

2,400

2,540

2,680

2,830

2,980

G.60

6.80

7.00

8.00

3,140

3,300

3,460

4,290

a This table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements 

made during 1900-1906, and is well defined below gage height 12 feet. Above gage height 12 feet the 

rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 157 per tenth.

6 This table is applicable only for ice-cover conditions. It is based upon fourteen discharge measurements made during 1904-1906, and is well defined between gage heights 4 feet and 5.5 feet. Gage 

heights are to bottorri of ice. Above gage height 8 feet 75 per cent of the open-channel rating was used.
CONNECTICUT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 91

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River near Orford, JV. H.,for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 3,300 square miles.]

Month.

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum.

21,600 

7,170 

6, 800 

26,300 

24,400 

14,200 

4,010 

4,010 

3,570 

5,000 

4,670 

3,070

26,300

2,055 

2.055 

1,255 

4,300 

7,290 

3,270 

1,670 

1,050 

950 

1,000 

1,530 

1,500

950

Mean.

6,360 

3,030 

2,240 

11,800 

13, 700 

6,540 

2,630 

1,790 

1,600 

2,760 

2,670 

1,960

4,760

Run-off.

Sec. -ft. per 

sq. mile

1.93 

.918 

.679 

3.58 

4.15 

1.98 

.797 

.542 

.485 

.836 

.809 

.594

1.44

Depth in 

inches.

2.22 

.96 

.78 

3.99 

4.78 

2.21 

.92 

.62 

.54 

.96 

.90 

.68

19.56

NOTE.^Values are.rated as follows: January to March and December, fair; April, good; May to 

November, excellent.

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT SUNDERLAND, MASS.

This station was established March 31, 1904. It is located at a 

five-span steel highway bridge, with a total length of about 830 feet, 

at Sunderland. The nearest railway station is at South Deerfield. 

The gaging station is about 18 miles above the dam at Holyoke and 

about 5 miles below that at Turners Falls. The conditions at the 

station and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper 

No. 165, page 118, where are given also references to publications that 

contain data for previous years. Length of chain changed to 42.84 

feet on April 24, 1906.

Discharge measurements of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., in 1906.

Date.

April 25....... 

August 9. .. ...

T.

G 

F

ITydrographer.

W. Norcross. .............................. 

M. Brett...................................

Width.

Feet. 

776 

692

Area o 

sectior

Sq.ft 

10,70 

2,83

Gage' 

height.

Feet. 

14.54 

4.04 

2.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

40,400 

5,320 

2.0CO

Daily gage height, infect, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for 1906.

Day.

1. ...... . ...

2

3.!.......;.....

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ...... .....

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

8.2

7.9 

05

2

25

05

6.7

6.5

7.15

7.5

7.25

Fcl).

7.4

7.1 

8.0 

6 9

7. 25

7.4

Mar.

7.7 

7,25

11. 45

9.85

8.7

7.95

7.75

7.1

5.8

5.4

4.9

5.0

Apr.

10.45

9.4 

8.5 

8.5

9.8

11.4

11.8

10.7

10.0

9.6

9.4

10.2

11.5

12.5

16.2

May.

9.35

9.35 

10.5 

11.8

11.4

10.6

10.35

10.25

9.8

11.1

12.1

11.7

11.0

12.1

June.

13.15

10.9 

9.4 

9 0

8.7

8.2

8.1

9.9

10.2

10.0

9.4

8.6

7.7

7.0

July.

6.0

8.0 

7.75

7.0

6.7

6.1

5.5

5.1

4.75

4.8

4.8

4.75

4.4

Aug.

5.3

5.25 

4.9 

5.0

5.0

4.55

4.3

4.35

4.05

3.65

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

Sept.

4.1

3.55 

3.3 

3.0

2.9

3.2

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.0

2.8

2 9

2.7

2.65

Oct.

2.45

2.0 

2.3 

2.5

2.35

2.2

1.6

2.55

2.45

2.7

2.75

3.0

2.9

3.2

3.8

Nov.

4.2

4.1 

3.95 

3.8

3.6

3.65

3.45

3.4

3.3

3.25

3.1

3.2

3.5

3.6

3.6

Dec.

5.0

4.75

4.2 

4.8

4.75

4.7

4.7

4.85

4.6
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY TN 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for 1906 Cont'd.

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

20...............

21...............

99

23...............

24...............

26...............

27

28............... 

9Q

30.... ...........

01

Jan.

7.6

7.1

6.0

10.75

15.55

17.6

14.3 

12.0

11.35

8.65

Feb.

6.6

"io-'e"

9.8

Mar.

6. 05

(5.4

5.6

6.0

4.9

4. 25

4.0

3. 75 

4.1

UX 4

10. 9

10.7

Apr.

23.1

22. 8

18. 85

17.9

16. 3

15.7

12.8 

11. 1

10. 5

9 ' }

May.

11.8

11.2

9.3

9 1

8.2

7.05

7.25 

8.0

15.4 

21. 1

19. 75

16.3

June.

6.2

5 9

7.6

7.5

6.8

5.5

6.0

7.6 

7. 1

6. 4

5.4

Jnly.

4.1

3.75

A *J

4 9

4. 5

4.0

3.9

4.4

4.5

4 55

4.3

3. 95

3.65

4.1

4.7

Aug.

3.05

3.05

2.8

9 3

2.5

2.25

2.6

3.35

2.8

2 5 

2! 9

2.85 

9 9

4.2

4.45

-5ept.

2.25

2.6

2 45

2.4

2. 4

2.3

2.8

2. 5

2.55

2.45

1.85

Oct.

0 ')

3 2

3.35

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.5 

4.7

5.0

4 9

4.' 5

Nov.

4. 5

6.5

6.75

ft 9

5.55 

5.4

5. 45

Dec.

4.8

4 75

NOTE. The river froze over February 7 and cleared of ice the afternoon of February 27. On March 24 

the river was frozen over, beginning about 500 feet above the gage, but was open at and below the bridge; 

this ice went out March 28. River frozen December 4 to 31. During the frozen period gage heights were 

taken to water surface through a hole in the ice. The following comparative readings were taken:

Date. Water 

surface.

Feet.

6. 6

Top of 

ice.

Fret. 

7. 3

6.6

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet.

0.7

Date.

February 24. ............

December 29. ............

Water 

surface.

Feet.

4.75

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

9.9

4.85

4.8

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet.

.6

Ratine table for Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for 1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,630

1,710

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,110

2,220

2,340

2,470

2,600

2,740

2,880

3,0'0

3, 190

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3. 00

3.70

,3. 80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3, 350

3,520

3, 700

3,880

4,070

4,270

4,470

4, 670

4, 880

5,090

5,300

5, 520

5,740

5,970

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

3, 350

3,520

3, 700

3,880

Gage 

height.

' Feet.

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4,070 l| 4.80

4,270

4,470

4, 670

4, 880

5,090

5,300

5, 520

5,740

5,970

4.90

! 5. 00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6 20

6.40

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

fi, 200

6,4bO

ti,67u

6,910

7,150

7,400

7, (550

8,170

8, 690

9,21.0

9,780

10,340

10,920

11,500

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

12, 100

12,710

13,340

13,980

14, 630

15,290

15,970

16, 650

20, 200

23, 850

27, 550

31,250

34, 950

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on three discharge 

measurements made during 1906. and the form of previous curves. It is well defined l)etween gage heights 

2 feet and 20 feet. Above gage height <).f> loot the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 370 per 

tenth.
CONNECTICUT EIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for 1906.

93

Discharge in second-feet.

Month. 

Maximum. Minimum.

July. .......................................... 16, 600

August. ....................................... 8, 430

September .................................... 5, 520

October... ....-.-.-.-.-.-.-.... ... ......... 7,650

Noven.ner. .................................... 13, 300

18, 400 

13,500 

8, (590 

4.570 

2,280 

1,850 

1,630 

3.520

Mean.

36, 100 

27,800 

16, 600 

7,880 

4,540 

3,070 

4,430 

(i, 820

Run-off.

Sep. -ft. per 

sq. mile.

4.69 

3.61 

2.16 

1.02 

.590 

.399 

. 575 

.886

Depth in 

inches.

5.23 

4.16 

2.41 

1.18 

.68 

.45 

.66 

.99

NOTE. Values are rated as follows: April, good; May to November, excellent. 

CONNECTICUT 11IVEE AT HARTFOED, CONN.

Daily readings of the height of water at Hartford have been 

recorded since Februar}r 8, 1896, by Edwin Dwight Graves, chief 

engineer of the Connecticut River bridge and highway district, and 

through his courtesy have been furnished to the United States 

Geological Surve}7 .

The conditions at this station and the bench marks are described 

in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 121, where are given also 

references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Daily gage height, infect, of Connecticut River at Hartford, Conn., for 1906.

Day.

1...............

2. ........ .....

4. .............. 

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9..... . . .....

10............... 

11...............

12..... . . .....

13..... ......... 

14............... 

15...............

16..... . ....... 

17............... 

18...............

19..... . . . . 

20. ..............

21...............

22............... 

23............... 

24..... . . . . . 

25. ..............

26............... 

27............... 

28. .............. 

29...............

30. .............. 

31...............

Jan.

5.4

5.1

5.0 

5.0

5.1

4.3

4.0

4.9

5.5 

5.5

5.0 

5.5

6.3 

6.6 

6.4

6.2 

5.7

5.0

5.0 

5.4 

9.0 

14.4

14.1 

12.0 

10.4 

9.2

8.0

Feb.

6.1

5.7

4.7 

4.2

3.7

4.4

4.0

4.0

4.1 

2.9

3.6

4.2 

4.2 

4.4

4.0 

3.9 

3.6

3.7 

4.0

4.0

-5.2 

7.2 

7 '4

6.9 

7.0 

6.2

Mar.

5.6

7.0

10.2 

12.0

9.7

6.1

5.5

5.1 

4.3

4.4 

4.0 

4.0

3.7 

3.5 

3.9

3.8 

4.0

2.7

3.8 

3.2 

2.5

2.5 

3.2 

4.7 

9.6

10.8

Apr.

10.8

10.0

8

Q

7.7 

7.8

9.6

11.0

10.5

9.6

10. (i 

11.4

11.5 

11.5 

12.0

17.6 

20.0 

20.1

19.1 

18.0

17.1

10. 1 

15.2 

14.5 

13.7

12.5 

11.1 

9.5 

8.4

7.8

May.

7.7

7.7 

7.8

9.0

9.7

9.1

8.8

8.8

8.5

8.4 

9.G

9.5

8.9 

9 9

9.7 

9.4 

8.9

8.3 

7.4

7.1

7.0 

0.6 

6.0 

5.5

5.2 

5.3 

7.3 

15.9

19.0

June.

12.3 

9 6

8.0 

7.4

7.0

6.7

7.9 

8.3

8.0

7.3 

6.5 

5.7

5.2 

4.8

4.8

5. 5

5.9

5.2 

4.6 

4.0

A K.

5.5 

5.5 

5.1

4.6

4.3

July.

4.1

5.1

6.6 

6.0

5.6

4.5

4.2

3.9 

3.7

3.4 

3.3

3.1 

3.1

2.8

2.8

 } n

2.1

2.3 

2.9

2.9 

2.9 

2.9 

2.4

2.9

Aug.

3.4

3.5 

3 3

3.0 

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0 

3.0

2.0

2.2 

2.9

2.7

2.6 

2.4

1.2 

.8

2.0 

1.9 

1.7

1.8 

2.1 

2.4 

,2.8 ".0 

3.0

Sept.

2.6

2.0

1 £

1.5

2.0

1.8

2.0

1.8

1.9 

2.0

2.6

2.8 

2.8

2.8 

1.7 

1.6

1.5 

1.4

1.8

1.7 

1.7 

1.2

2 2

2.4 

2.8 

2.4 

2.8

1.8

Oct.

07

1.4

1.8 

1.9

1.9

.8

1.6

2.2 

2.5

2.3 

1.9

2.6

3.6 

3.2

2.9

2.5

4.2 

3.9 

3.8 

4.7

4.3 

4.5 

4.1 

3.3

3.5

3

1

Nov.

2.8

2.4

0 C

1.5

2.0

2.7

2.3

2.2

2.4

3.0 

2.9

0 C

3.5 

3.5

3.3 

2.3

2.2 

4.5

5.2

5.5 

5.2 

5.0

4.7

4.4 

4.3 

4.1 

3.5

4.0

Dec.

3.9

2.7 

2.6

1.7 

3.0

2.9

2.3

3.3

3.2

3.2 

4.3

3.7

3.9 

3.9

Q 7

2.8 

2.8 

3.9

3.7 

3.6

3.8 

3.2 

3.0 

2.8

2.7 

3.3 

3.2 

3.3

2.6

2.8
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

ISRAEL RIVER (ABOVE SOUTH BRANCH) NEAR JEFFERSON HIGHLAN^,

N. H.

This station was established September 2, 1903. It is located at 

a small wooden highway bridge in the town of Randolph, about halfway between the railway stations of Jefferson Highland and Bowman, 2 J miles from either place. The conditions and the bench marks 

are described in New Hampshire Forestry Reports for 1903-1906. 

and in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 123, where are given also 

references to publications that contain data for previous years. 

During 1906 gage was read by William Russell. Length of chain 

changed October 1, 1906, to 15.35 feet. Elevation of bench mark, 

8.50 feet above datum of gage.

Discharge measurements of Israel River (above South Branch) near Jefferson Highland,

N. H., in 1906.

Date.

May 1. .........

Ilydrographer.

T. W. Norcross...............................

G. M. Brett...................................

.....do........................................

Width.

Feet. 

25

Q 0

9.2

1 C

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

33

5.0

4 Q

12.8

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.83

1.03

1.03

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

48

4.2

4.1

6.5

a By wading about 20 feet above bridge.

Daily gage height, inject, of Israel River (above South Branch) near Jefferson Highland,

N. H., for 1906.

Day.

2. ..........

3. ..........

4. ..........

6...........

7

Q

I!::.":::::::

11...........

12...........

13........... 

14...........

15. ..........

May.

1.73

1.6

1.95

1.7

2.15

1.7

1.6

1 ^

1 8

1.5

2.75 

1.9

1.7 

1.6

June. 

1.6

1.5

1.9

1.6

1.9

1.7

2.4

2.0

1.9

1.95

1.75

1.7

1.65 

1.6

1.55 

1.4

July.

1.4

1.35 _..

Aug.

1.15

1.1

1. 35 1 . 05

1.45 1.05 ...

1.45 1.05

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.45

1.3 

1.25

1.2 

1.15

1.45

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05 

1.0

1.05 

1.05

Sept.

1.2

1.2

1.85

1.5

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.35

1.2

1.15

1.2 

1.2

1.2 

1.2

Oct.

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.15

1.75

1.3

1.3

Day.

17...........

May.

1.7

18. ... . 2.0

19...........

20. ..........

^l. ..........

22

2.25

1.6

1.7

l.fi

23 . . ' 1.65

24...........

25. ..........

26. ..........

27. ..........

28. ..........

29........... 

30...........

31...........

1.75

1.75

2.2

3.0

June.

1.4

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.6

1.45

1.45

1.4

2. 5 1. 45 

2.3 1.4

1.6

July.

1.2

1.35

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.35

1.3

1.25

1 2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.25 

1.35

1.3

Aug.

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.05

1.05

1.2

1.05

1.15

1.95

1.45 

1.2

1.2

Sept.

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05 

1.15

Oct.

Rating table for Israel River (above South Branch) near Jefferson Highland, N. H., for

1903-1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3.0

5.3

8.6

13

18

24

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

30

38

46

55

67

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

1 2.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

79

93

108

124

140

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

158

176

194

212

230

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1903-1906 and is fairly well defined below gage heights 2.4 feet.
CONNECTICUT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 95

Monthly discharge of Israel River (above South Branch) near Jefferson Highlands, N. H.,

for 1906.

[Drainage area, 8.7 square miles.]

Month.

June. ..................

July..........................................

October (1-12) ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

230 

124 

21 

61 

50 

42

Minimum.

24 

13 

6.8 

3.0 

4.0 

5.3

Mean.

63.8 

33.1 

12.4 

7.84 

9.59 

11.2

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

7.33 

3.80 

1.43 

.901 

1.10 

1.29

Depth in 

inches.

8.45 

4.24 

1.65 

1.04 

1.23 

.58

NOTE. Values arc rated as approximate.

ISRAEL RIVER (BELOW SOUTH BRANCH) NEAR JEFFERSON HIGHLANDS,

N. H.

This station was established September 2, 1903. It is located at 

a small wooden highway bridge about 2 miles from the railway station at Jefferson Highlands, in the town of Jefferson. The conditions and the bench marks are described in New Hampshire Forestry 

Reports for 1903-1906 and in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 125, 

where are given also references to publications that contain data for 

previous years. During 1906 the gage was read by William Russell.

Discharge measurements of Israel River (below South Branch) near Jefferson Highlands,

N. H., in 1906.

Date. Hydrographer.

G. M. Brett... ................................

Width.

Feet. 

40

15.6

16

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

30

13

13.9

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.80

1.07

1.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

98

11.8

a Measured by wading.

Daily gage height, infect, of Israel River (below South Branch) near Jefferson Highlands,

N. H.,for 1906.

Day.

1... .................................

2......... ...........................

3..... .......................... .....

6................... .................

7....................................

8......... .............. .............

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

May.

1.8

1.9

1.8

2.0

1.9

1.65

2.0

1.65

1.65

2.8

2.05

1.8

June.

1.8

1.75

2.05

1.8

1.7

1.7

2.2

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.75

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.5

July.

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.35

].35

1.35

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.25

Aug.

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.6

1.35

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

Sept.

1.25

1.2

1.95

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

Oct.

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.25

1.1

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

Nov.

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.5

Dec.

1.3

1.4

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9
96 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily gage height, infect, of Israel River (below South Branch) near Jefferson Highlands, 

N. H.,for 1906 Continued.

Day. May.

16.................................... 1.8

17.................................... 1.9

18.................................... 2.05

19. ................................... 2. 25

22.....-.-.-...--......-.-.---...-...- 1.6

24......................... ........... 1.6

25.................................... 1.7

26.................................... 2.2

27.................................... 2.95

28.................................... 2.6

29.................................... 2.2

30............. ....................... 2.05

June.

1.45

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.7

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.45

1.4

July.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.45

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.35

1.3

Aug.

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.1

2.0

1.45

1.2

1.0

Sept.

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.2

Oct.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.45

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.45

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.2

Nov.

1.2

1 9

1 d^

1.4

1.3

1.2

»1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.3

Dec.

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.4

a Ice jam "below gage, discharge corrected.

NOTE. The river was frozen December 2 to 14 and 27 to 29. Records for November and December 

are of doubtful value on account of anchor ice in the river and of jams of anchor ice and masses of 

snow.

Rating table for Israel River (below South Branch) near Jefferson Highlands, N. H.,for

1905-6.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

10

15

21

29

39

51

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

66

84

105

128

154

182

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1 Gage 

height.

> Feet.

211 li 2.80

240

269

298

327

356

I 2.90

j 3.00

!

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

385

414

443

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1903-1906, and it is well defined between gage heights 0.9 foot and 2.6 feet.

Monthly discharge of Israel River (below South Branch) near Jefferson Highlands, N. H.,

for 1906.

[Drainage area, 21.2 square miles.]

Month.

July.. .......,..--...-.-.-...-..-....-...-----

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

428 

211 

51 

\5f 

141 

84 

128

Minimum.

58 

34 

15 

10 

15 

15

Mean.

149 

73.1 

32.1 

24.0 

28.3 

26.5 

28.3

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

7.03 

3.45 

1.51 

1.13 

1.33 

1.25 

1.33

Depth in 

inches.

8.10 

3.85 

1.74 

1.30 

1.48 

1.44 

1.48

NOTE. Values are rated as fair.
CONNECTICUT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 97

AMMONOOSUC RIVER AT BRETTON WOODS, N. H.

This station was established August 28, 1903. It is located at the 

steel highway bridge near Mount Pleasant House, at Bretton Woods. 

The conditions and the bench marks are described in New Hampshire 

Forestry Reports for 1903-1906, and in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, 

page 128, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Ammonoosuc River near Bretton Woods, N. H., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905. 

May 4. ........

August 1 a .....

1906. 

May 2.........

August 21......

Hydrographer.

T. W. Norcross. .............................. 

.....do........................................

..... do...... ................................. .

.....do...............----......---.-..-.......

G. M. Brett..... ......... .....................

Width.

Feet. 

40

38

40 

39

30

24

40

27.5

31

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft.

157

83

106 

89

27.6

28.5

117

22

34

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.61

1.80

2.40 

1.93

1.58

1.57

2.50

1.51

1.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

534

54

129 

62

31.6

30.4

159

21

25

a Meter in poor condition.

6 By wading, 150 above gage; meter fastened to a rod.

c From upstream side of highway bridge.

Daily gage height, infect, of Ammonoosuc River at Bretton Woods, N. H., for 1906.

Day. Jan.

3.. ............. 1. 55 

4... ............ 1.58

5............... l.CO 

0. ... ....... . 1.60

7....--..-.-.... 1.60 

8....-.-.....-.. 1.60 

9............... 1.55

10............... 1.55 

11............... 1.50

13............... 1.50 

14 ^ 1 50

15............... 1.52 

16............... 1.62

17............... 1.58

19 1 55

20............... 1.55

°1 1 55

22............... 2.45 

23............... 3.68

24. ..... ....... 3. 75 

25............... 2.50

Feb.

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

"i.io

1.60

1.50

1.50

1.50 

1.58

1.80 

1.70

1.58 

1.58

Mar.

1.60 

1.50 

1.50

1.50 

1.50

-------

1.50

1.35

1.35 

1.38

1.40 

1.40

Apr.

1.80

1.54

1.52 

1. 54

1.70 

1.70

1.54 

1.52 

1.52

1.52

1.47 

1.47

1.00

3.37 

3.20

2.87 

2.77

2.80

2.92 

3.27.

2.94 

2.62

2.42 

2.10

May.

2.84

2.58

3.05

3.15

2.82

2.72 

2.55 

2.68

2.95

2.60 

2.52

3.80

2.85 

2.78

2.70 

2.60

2.58

2.52

2.48

2.42 

2.30

2.35 

3.08

June.

2.58

2.55

2.80

2.40 

2.75

3.10 

2.72 

2.52

2.35

2.28 

2.22

2.10 

2.02

1.98 

1.92

2.05 

2.18

2.02

1.95 

1.85

1.85 

1.88

2.25 

2.05

July. "

2.58

2.38

1.95 

2.68

2.30 

2.08

1.95

1.88 

1.85

1.90

1.88 

1.82

1.78 

1.72

1.75 

1.75

1.72 

1.72

1.62

1.60

1.88

1.88 

1.80

1.75 

1.62

Aug.

1.68

1.62

1.52 

1.50

1.50 

1.65

1.72 

1.62 

1.55

1.50

1.50 

1.50

1.50 

1.50

1.48 

1.45

1.42 

1.40 i. -:o

1.42 

1.50

1.48 

1.68

1.82 

1.62

Sept.

1.62

1.60

1.92 

2.10

1.80 

1.68

1.62 

1.60 

1.60

2.10

1.75

1.62

1.60 

1.00

1.60 

1.60

1.60 

1.58

1.52

1.50 

1.50

1.52 

1.60

1.50 

1.45

Oct.

1.68

1.62

1.60 

1.52

1.50 

1.55

1.80 

1.70 

1.75

2.15

1.98

1.88

1.85 

1.85

1.80 

1.78

1.75 

1.75

1.75

2.85 

2.15

2.02 

1.98

1.92 

2.53

Nov.

1.85

1.85

1.82 

1.80

1.80 

1.80

1.80 

1.80 

1.78

1.75

1.72 

1.70

1.70 

1.70

1.75 

1.80

1.78 

1.75

2.52

2.30 

2.00

1.98 

1.95

1.90

1.88

Dec.

1.90

1.90

1.80

"i'.ib

1.70 

1.70

1.75

1.68 

1.65

1.65

1.65 

1.65

1.65 

1.62

1.60 

1.60

IRR 201 07-
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

il'j gage height, in feet, of Ammonoosuc River at Sretton Woods, N. H., for 1906

Continued.

Day.

20...............

29

31...............

Jan.

2.25

2.15

1.85

Feb.

1.70

1.62

Mar.

1.40

1.58

1.70

Apr.

2.07

2.07

2.17

|May.

2.78

4.65

2.80

2.70

June.

1.98

1.88

1.75

2.48

9 58

July.

1.58

1.52

1.50

1.95

1.95

Aug.

1.58

2.20

2.70

1 95

1.70

Sept.

1.45

1.60

1.62

1.52

1.90

Oct.

2.28

2.10

2.08

2.02

1.98

1.95

Nov. Dec.

1.85 1.58

2. 02 1. 55

2. 12 1. 55

1. 98 1. 55

1.92 i 1.55

....... 1.55

NOTE. The following ice conditions prevailed during 1906: Kiver open January 1 to February 5; 

frozen most of the time from February 5 to March 21, except in narrow strips just above and below gage. 

Ice went out about March 21. Anchor ice reported on April 1 and 5 and on December 2. During the 

frozen period gage heights were taken to water surface through a hole in the ice. The following comparative readings were taken:

Comparative ice and water readings.

Date. Water

surface.

Feet.

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.8

Top of 

ice.

Feet. 

2.1

2.1

1.75

1.75

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

0.4

.4

.4

or

.45

Date. Water 

surface.

Feet. 

1.7

1.75

1.68

1.65

Top of 

ice.

Feet.

Thickness 

of ice.

Feet. 

0.6

.45

.45

.4

.35

Rating table for Ammonoosuc River at Sretton Woods, N. H.

JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1905.a

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

20

26

33

42

52

63

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

75

88

103

120

139

160

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

185

213

243

275

310

348

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

388

428

469

510

552

JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1906.6

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

15

20

27

36

46

57

70

84

100

2.30

2.40

1. 50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

118

138

160

185

213

243

275

310

348

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

388

428

469

51D

552

595

638

682

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

726

770

815

860

905

950

995

1,040

i This table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements 

made during 1905 and is fairly well defined.

6 This table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements 

made during 1906 and is not well defined.
CONNECTICUT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 99

Monthly discharge of Ammonoosuc River at Bretton Woods, N. II., for 1905-6. 

[Drainage area, 34 squaro miles.]

Month.

1905.

July...........................................

1900. 

March (21-31; .................................

July. ..........................................

August. .......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum.

544

2S2 

531 

228 

329 

228 

213 

111 

88 

199

81 

457 

1,020 

348 

207 

213 

84 

259 

165

26

75 

35 

20 

33 

47 

29 

17 

26

13 

18 

118 

41 

20 

15 

17 

20 

36

Mean.

256 

147 

192 

86.7 

47.6 

69.1 

86.7 

41.0 

29.1 

58.0

27.1 

132 

290 

122 

59.6 

34.6 

32.5 

64.8 

57.3

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

7.53 

4.32 

5. 65 

2. 55 

1.40 

2. 03 

2.55 

1.21 

.856 

1.71

.797 

3.88 

8. 53 

3.59 

1.75 

1.02 

. 956 

1. 91 

1.69

Depth in 

inches.

3.08 

4.82 

6.51 

2.84 

1. 61 

2.34 

2.84 

1.40 

.955 

.954

.326 

4.33 

9.83 

4.00 

2.02 

1.18 

1.07 

2.20 

1.89

NOTE. Values for 1905 arc rated as follows: March to September and December, fair; October and 

November, approximate. Values for 1906 are rated as follows: March and September to November, 

approximate; April to August, good.

ZEALAND RIVER NEAR TWIN MOUNTAIN, N. H.

This station was established August 29 ; 1903. It is located about 

800 feet above the mouth of the river, which empties into the Ammonoosuc at a point midway between Fabyans and Twin Mountain, 

about 21 miles from either place. The conditions at the station and 

the bench marks are described in New Hampshire Forestry Reports 

for 1903-6; and in Water-Supply Paper No. 165 ; page 30; where 

are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years. Length of chain changed to 12.99 feet; May 2, 1906; and 

to 12.38 feet; October 3, 1906; on account of settling of one of the trees 

to which the gage is fastened.

Discharye measurements of Zealand River nea^ Twin Mountain, N. If., in I'JOti.

llydrographer. Gage 

height.

Discharge.

a Measured by wading.
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN" 1906.

Daily gage height, infect, of Zealand River near Twin Mountain, N. H.,for 1906.

Day.

9

8. ........................ .-

10...........................

11.. .........................

12...........................

13. ...... .--..............---

1 C

19.....-..---.----.--........

20.......-.---......-..-.....

31. ....... ...................

Apr.

2 55

2.55

2.45

2.25

2.55

4.05

3.45

'J CLK

3.35

3.85

4.0

2.85

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.65

2.70

3.75

May.

3.0

3.3

3.2

3.3

2.9

9 7

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.95

2.95

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.5

2.45

3.2

4.0

3.8

3.25

2.85

June.

2.8

2.6

2.55

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.55

2.45

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.; 5

2.75

July.

2.25

2.45

2.3

2 35

2.4

2.35

9 q

2.25

2.25

2.3

9 or

2.3

2.3

2.8

2.55

2.35

2.2

2.2

9 ^

Aug.

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.35

9 3

9 9

2.25

2 25

2.2

2.2

2 2

2.15

2.05

2.05

2.15

2.25

2.15

2.15

2.65

2.45

2.35

Sept.

2.15

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2 3

2.0

2.0

1 95

1.9

1 9

2 05

2.05

2 15

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.25

9 fjc

2.25

2.15

o 1 £

2.15

Oct.

2.25

2.5

2.4

2.8

3.2

2.9

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.65

2.5

Nov.

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.25

2.3

2.35

2 4

2.4

9 ^

2.6

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.8

2.8

2.8

Dec.

2 75

Rating table for Zealand River near Twin Mountain, N. II., for 1906.

Gage

height.

Discharge.

Feet. \ Sec.-ft.

1.85 3

1.90 4

1.95

2.00

2.10

2.20

5

6

11

17

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.00

2.70

2.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

24

34

45

60

78

100

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

Feet. Scc.-ft.

2.90 - 127

3.00 156

3.10 188

3.20

3.30

3.40

222

257

293

Gage Dishcight. , charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

330

368

406

445

485

526

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon four discharge measurements made during 1906, and is merged with the 1905 table at gage height 2.6 feet. It 

is fairly well defined.

Monthly discharge of Zealand River near Twin Mountain, N. H.,for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 14 square miles.]

Month.

April (8-30) ...................................

Ma y ..........................................

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

546 

526 

222 

100 

172 

29 

222 

127

Minimum. Mean.

20 

39 

24 

14 

8 

3 

24 

20

190 

169 

64.8 

34.2 

25.8 

12.2 

74.9 

54.0

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

13.57 

12.07 

4.63 

2.44 

l.M 

.871 

5.35 

3.86

Depth in 

inches.

11.61 

13.91 

5.17 

2.81 

2.12 

.97 

6.17 

4.31

NOTE. Values are rated as approximate, owing to settling of gage and erroneous gage heights.
CONNECTICUT EIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 101

DEERFIELD RIVER AT DEERFIELD, MASS.

This station was established March 29, 1904, at the suspension 

highway bridge, about one-fourth mile from the West Deerfield railway station and about 6 or 7 miles above the mouth of the river. It 

was discontinued December 31, 1905. The conditions at this station 

and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, 

page 134, where are given also references to publications that contain 

data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Deerfield River at Deerfield, Mass., in 1904-1906.

Date.

1904.

April 11. .......

April 25. .......

May 18. ........

July 28 o.......

October 27.....

1905.

1906.

llydrographer.

N. C. Orover..................................

S. K. Clapp...................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do......... .............................

T. W. Norcross ...............................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................ .....do......--.-.-.....--:.....---.......--...

.....do.................---....-----........-..

Width.

Feet.

....

- -,

319

315

318

318

318

318

318

314

180

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

2,180

2,500

2,480

2,270

1,920

449

259

168

2,020

2,010

288

2,270

2,040

2,120

2,140

2,130

2,110

2,100

2,020

110

Gage 

height.

Feet.

q £M

4 68

4.58

3.75

2.81

2.45

3.21

2.90

2.60

3.97

3.29

3.56

3.69

3.51

3.42

3.12

1 58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2 °90

5, 810

5,010

ocn

1,260

981

531

1,680

2,520

2, 380

2,000

1,840

1, 310

85

a By wading at different sections.

6 River frozen at gage 0.1 foot thick. Gage height to bottom of ice.

Rating table for Deerfield River at Deerfield, Mass., for 1904-5-

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

180

220

280

370

490

620

760

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

910 ! 3.90

1,080 4.00

1,260 1 4.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,450

1,650

1,860

2,080

2,310

2,550

2,800

3,060

3,330

3,610

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

a. 00

5.20

Discharge.

Sec.-1t.

3,900

4,200

4,510

4,830

5,170

5,520

5,880

6,250

6,630

7,420

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

Discharge.

Ser.-ft.

8,250

9,120

10, 030

10, 980

11,970

12,980

14,030

15, 100

16,200

17,300

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on twenty discharge measurements made during 1904-1906 and is'fairly well defined between gage heights 2.5 feet 

and 5 feet. The rating below gage height 2.5 feet is very uncertain.
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Monthly discharge of Dcerjicld River at Deerfield, Mass., for 1904-5. 

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

1904. 

April..........................................

July................................ ........

190.-).

April.........................................

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum.

10,700 

5, 840 

11,200 

910 

3, 200

5, 880

760

17,300 

14,000 

9,340 

1,450 

4,200 

2,080 

2,310 

8.680 

1,8«0 

5,520 

12,000

1,550 

620 

250 

280 

220 

180 

325 

220

1,760 

8,460 

1,260 

325 

220 

180 

180 

490 

325 

280 

7CO

Mean.

4,050 

2,270 

1,200 

411 

476 

915 

983 

336

5,000 

10,900 

3,380 

716 

682 

421 

588 

2,110 

630 

696 

2,240

Run-off.

Sec. -ft. per ' Depth in 

sq. mile. inches.

7.30 

4.13 

2.18 

.747 

. 865 

1.66 

1.79 

.611

9.09 

19.80 

6.15 

1.30 

1.24 

.765 

1.07 

3.84 

1.15 

1.27 

4.07

8.21 

4.76 

2.43 

.86 

1.00 

1.85 

2.06 

.68

2.37

3.68 

6.86 

1.50 

1.38 

.88 

1.23 

4.28 

1.33 

1.42 

2.27

NOTE. Values for 1904 are rated as follows: April to June, September and October, good; remainder 

of year, approximate. Values for 1905 are rated as follows: January, April, September, and December, 

good; March, May, June, August, October, and November, fair; July, approximate.

DEERFIELD RIVER AT HOOSAC TUNNEL, MASS.

A measurement was made October 29, 1906, from the downstream 

side of the highway bridge at this point. The bench mark is the top 

of guard rail 25 feet from the downstream side of the left abutment, the 

distance to water surface being 23.63 feet.

Width, 125 feet; area, 130 square feet; discharge, 66 second-feet.

WARE RIVER NEAR WARE, MASS.

This station was established September 15, 1904, at the steel highway bridge about 2 miles above the village of Ware, Mass. The conditions and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 

165, page 136, where are given also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Ware River near Ware, Mass., in 1906.

Date. llydrographer.

.....do.............---..---.----------.--.....

Width.

Feet. 

83

83

80

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft.

159

230

113

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.40

4.17

3.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

301

741

237

a Probably an ice jam below bridge.
CONNECTICUT RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 103

Daily gage height, in feet, of Ware River near Ware, Mass., for 1906.

Day.

1...............

2............... 

3............... 

4...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

16...............

17...............

10

19

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24............... 

25. ..............

26............... 

27...............

28. ..............

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.05 

2.95 

2. 95 

3.15 

3.5

,o

3.1 

3.25

3. 15

a 3. 5

a3.9

a 3. 8

3.1

3.1

2.95

3.1

3.85

3.0

3.0

2 9

3.4

3.6

4.1 

3.7

3.5 

3.1

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.05

Feb.

2.9 

2.9 

2.85 

2.8 

2.75

a 4. 65 

o3.75

65.0

65.0

( c)

( e)

( c )

d3.5

3.7

3.8

a 3. 55

3.95

«2.8

4.4

4.4

3.7 

3.4

3.9

3.8

3.5

Mar.

3.6 

3.4 

3.1

6.05 

5. 65

4.1

3.55 

3. 75

3.7

3.4

3.35

3.05

3.05

3. 75

3.65

9 7Z

3.0

3.1

2.95

2.8

3.1

2.7

2.65 

2.9

5.1

4.7

4.6

Apr.

4.6 

4.2 

3.8 

3.7 

3.7

4.3 

4.0

3.8

4.15

4.9

4.9

4. 75

4.4

4.3

4.8

4 25

4.0

3.85

3.75

3.5

3.45

3.5 

3.4

3.2 

3.2

2.8

3.3

May.

3.5 

3. 25 

3.3 

3.3 

3. 35

9 Q

3.45 

3. 45

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

2 9

q A

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.6 

2.6

2.9

2.8

5.6

6.9

6.3

4.45

June.

4. 35 

4.0 

3.9 

3. 5 

3.3

3.15 

3.15

3.1

3.0

3.3

3.2

3.2

3 1

3.1

3.45

3.9

4.1

3.95

3.75

3.55

3.2

3.3

3.25

3.1

3.05

2.8.5

2.7

July.

3.5 

3.8 

3.9 

4.1 

4.2

3.4

3.4 

3.2

2.9

2 9

2.7

2.5

2.95

2.8

2.65

2.75

2.75

2.6

2.7

2.5

3. 05

2.6

2.6 

2.55

2.25 

2.2

2.25

2 85

3.8

3.4

Aug.

3.05 

3.0 

3.0 

3. 05 

3.0

3. 05

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.35

1.7

2.7

2.9

2.9

3.05

3.2

2.75

2.3 

2.6

4.4

4.05

3.3

3.25

Sept.

2.2 

2.3 

3.0 

3.4 

2. 45

2.8

2.85

2.75

2.35

3.0

2.7

2. 15

2.2

2.6

2.7

2.7

3.0

2.6

2.4

3.15 

2.45

2.8 

2.65

2.5

1.85

2.25

Oct.

3.2

2.8 

2.8 

2.8

2.7

2.3

2.35 

2. 15

2.9

3.2

3.2

3.15

2.6

2.25

2.5

2.7

2.8

3.0

.3.3

2.9

3.85

2.6

2.75

3.2 

3.4

4.0 

3.7

2.8

3.25

3.3

3.15

Nov.

3.15 

3.1 

3.0

2.7 

2.8

2.9

3.1

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.4

3.05

3.4

2.9

3.0

3.2

3.1

2.5

3.8

3.75

3.8

3.7

3.75

3.0 

2.9

3.25 

3.0

3.1

2.9

3.15

Dec.

3.4 

2. 35 

3.3 

«4. 1

« 4. 65

2. 75

3.3 

«3.7

« 4. 65

«5.2

«5.0

«4. 9

«4.8

3.3

3.85

3.9

3.1

3. 05

3.3

a 4. 4 

a 5^4

o5.2 

4.25

d 3. 65

2.8

/2.5

2.35

" Backwater due to ice jam.

b Water flowing over ice. Anchor ice jam below gage.

c River full of anchor ice.

d Ice going out.

«Ice jam about 30 feet below gage.

/ River clear of ice.

NOTE. River does not usually freeze at gaging section, but frequent difficulty is experienced from 

backwater due to a jam of anchor ice about 500 feet below.

Rating table for Ware River near Ware, Mass., for 1904-1906.

Gage 

height.

Feel.

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

Discharge.

Sec.-it.

20

30

42

55

71

89

109

131

155

180

207

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1904-1906 and is well defined between gage heights 1.9 feet and 7 feet.
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Monthly discharge of Ware River near Ware, Mass., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 162 square miles.]

Month.

July............... ..... ... ............ ...

November...... .. ....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,300

2, 540 

846 

768 

873 

424 

670 

580

Minimum.

235 

180 

207 

89 

20 

36 

80 

131

Mean.

685 

503 

445 

307

*-/8

197 

292 

329

Run-off.

Sec. -ft. per 

sq. mile.

4.23 

3.10 

2.75 

1.90 

1.72 

1.22 

1.80 

2.03

Depth in 

inches.

4.7? 

3. 57 

3.07 

2.19 

1.98 

1.36 

2.08 

2.26

NOTE. Values are rated as good.

WARE RIVER AT BARRE PLAINS, MASS.

A measurement was made October 18, 1906, from the downstream 

side of the wooden highway bridge at Barre Plains. The bench 

mark is top of top chord of bridge, 20 feet from downstream side of 

left abutment. The distance to water surface was 15.33 feet.

Width, 53 feet; area, 132 square feet; discharge, 104 second-feet. 

QUABOAG RIVER AT WEST WARREN, MASS.

A station for securing a record of flow of Quaboag River has been 

maintained by the United States Geological Survey at West Warren, 

at the dam of J. T. F. MacDonnell, of Holyoke, since October 22, 

1904. The conditions at the station and the bench marks are 

described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 139, where are given 

also references to publications that contain data for previous years.

A measurement was made October 19, 1906, by wading, 150 feet 

below the tail race, with the following results:

Width, 125 feet; area, 120 square feet; gage height, 50.CO feet; discharge, 173 secondfeet.

Daily gage height, infect, of Quaboag River at West Warren, Mass.. for 1906.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3............... 

4. .... . .

7."!!.'.".'.'!!!!!!!!

8. ..............

Q

10...............

11...............

13...............

14... ... .. . 

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

Jan.

50.45

50.45

50.4 

50.45

50.45 

50.45

50.45 

50.45-

50.45

50.5

50.55

50.55

50.6 

50.6

50.6 

50.8

50.85

50.9

50.9

Feb.

50.7

50.65

50.6 

50. 55

50.5 

50.5

50. 55 

50.5

50.5

50.5

50.5

50.5

50.45 

50.45

50.5 

50.5

50.55

50.55

50.6

Mar.

50.8

50.85 

51.65

51.60

51.55 

51.5

51.45 

51.4

51.2

51.2

51.15

51.1 

51.0

51.05

51.2

50.8

50.8

50.8

Apr.

51.4

51.4

51.4 

51.35

CM or

51.3 

51.3

51.25 

51.25

51.35

51.4

51.45

51.45

51. 45 

51.5

51.5 

51.5

51.45

51.4

51.4

May.

51.0

51.0

51.0 

51.0

50 9

50.9 

50 9

50.9 

50. 9

50.85

50.8 

50.8

50.75 

50.7

50.7

50. 65

50.6

June.

51.35

51.3

51.15 

51.15

51.1

51.0 

51.0

,50.8 

50.8

50.8 

50.9

50 9

50 9

50.85

July.

50.75

51.05 

51.1

51.0

50.9 

50.9

50.8

50.7 

50.6

50.6

50.65

50. 65

50.7

Aug.

50.6

50. 55 

50.6

50 6

50.6

50. 65 

50.65

50.6 

50.55

50.5 

50.6

50.6

50.6

50.6

Sept.

50.45

50.5

50. 5 

50.45

50.5

r.ri A50. 45 

50. 45

50.4

50 4

50 4

50.4 

50.35

50.35

50.3

50.3

50. 35

Oct.

50.3

50.3

50.25 

50. 3

50 3

50.3

50.4 

50. 35

50.6

50. 55 

50.55

50.5

50. 45

Nov.

50.7 

50.7

50. 65

50. 55

50.7 

50.65

50.7 

50 7

50.7

50.55

50.55

50.55

50.5

50.5

50.5

50.5

50. 45

50.5

50.5

50.55

50.5

50.45

50.5

50.5

50.55

50.55

50.55

50.5

50.5
CONNECTICUT EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 105

Daily yage height, in feet, of Quaboag River at West Warren, Mass., for 1906 Cont'd.

Day.

...............

...............

::=

Jan.

50.95

51.0

51.0

51. 1 

51.0

50. 95 

50.9

50. 80

rfi Q

50. 75

Feb.

51.25

51. 0 

50. 95

50. 95 

50.9

Mar.

50.75

50.75

50.75

50.7 

50.7

50. 75 

50. 75

51.4

51. 45

51. 4

Apr.

51.35

51.3

51.3

51.3 

51. 25

51. 2 

51.2

51.1

51.1

May.

50.6

50.6

50.55

50.55 

50.5

50. 5 

50.5

51.0

51. 5

51. 4

June.

50.85

50.8

50. 75

50.7 

50. 05

50. 65 

50. 6

50. 6

50. 6 

50. 6

July.

50.75

50.8

50.8

.50.85 

50.8

50. 75 

.50.7

50. 65

50.6 

50. 6

50. 65

Aug.

50.55

50.6

50.55

50. 55 

50.5

50.5 

50.5

50. 55

50. 55 

50 "5

50. 5

Sept.

50.3

50.3

50. 45

50. 45 

50.4

50.4 

50. 35

50.3

50.3 

50. 25

Oct.

51.1

51.1

51. 05

51.0 

50.95

50. 9 

50.9

50. 85

50. 85 

50. 8

50.8

Nov.

50.6

50.7

50.7

50. 65 

50.65

50. 65 

50.6

50.6

50. 6 

50. 6

Dec.

50.5

50.55

50.55

50. 55 

50.5

50.5 

50. 5

50. 5

50. 5 

50. 5

51. 2

NOTE. The gage, was read once a day, about 6.15 a. in. (before the mill upstream starts up) on week 

days and about 4 p. m. on Sundays. 

The discharge is not affected by ice, conditions.

Monthly discharge of Qnaboag River at West Warren, Mass., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 144 square miles.]

Month.

March. ..... .........

June. ...... . . . .. .. .........

July................ ... .....................

December. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

416 

507 

783 

675 

675 

571 

416 

205 

123 

416 

254 

476

783

Minimum.

89 

106 

205 

416 

123 

161 

161 

123 

41 

41 

106 

106

41

Mean.

213 

198 

432 

562 

285 

303 

245 

152 

85.1 

181 

186 

139

248

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

1.48 

1.38 

3.00 

3.90 

1.98 

2.10 

1.70 

1.06 

.591 

1.26 

1.29 

.965

1.72

Depth in 

inches.

1.71 

1.44 

3.46 

4.35 

2.28 

2.34 

1.96 

1.22 

.66 

1.45 

1.44 

1.11

23.41

QUABOAG RIVER AT PALMER, MASS.

A measurement was made October 19, 1906, from the downstream 

side of the highway bridge near Palmer railroad station. The bench 

mark is top of floor beam, 72 feet from the right abutment, downstream side of bridge. Distance to water surface, 14.25 feet.

Width, 77 feet; area, 170 square feet; discharge, 110 second-feet.

WESTFIELD LITTLE RIVER NEAR BLANDFORD, MASS.

This station was established July 13, 1905, at Cobble Mountain, 

near Blandford, Mass., a short distance below Borden Brook. It is 

maintained in cooperation with the water board of the city of Springfield, through their engineer, E. E. Lochridge. The conditions and 

the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, page 

142, where are given also references to publications that contain 

data for previous years.

On August 10, 1906, a sharp-crested weir, with length of crest 

29.98 feet, capable of carrying a depth of flow of 1.5 feet, was installed
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

a short distance downstream from the current-meter station. Estimates of flow over the weir are given, based upon the coefficients 

given on page 36, Water-Supply Paper 150. The weir gage was 

read at approximately the same times as the current-meter gage.

Discharge measurements of Westjirlrl Little River near Blandford, Mass., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905. 

July 14 » .......

August 10 a ....

1906. March 23 b .....

April 23........

June 22........

September 19 c

October 21 .....

October 22 .....

October 22.....

October 22.....

October 22 .....

October 22.....

October 22 .....

October 23 .....

October 23.....

October 23.....

October 24 .....

October 24 .....

October 24 .....

October 25 .....

October 25. ....

October 25.....

llydrographcr.

Norcross and Lochridge. .....................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do. .......................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

G. M. Brett......... ..........................

G. M. Brett...................................

F. E. Pressey. ................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do...................-..............:.-...

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

.....do........................................

Width.

Feet. 

34

32 

46

39

39

44

42

39

40

65

69

69

68

69

50

50

35

38

32

32

32

33

32

33

32

7.0

6.0

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

10

10

8

8

40

43

43

43

48

43

43

43

42

42

41

41

40

38

38

38

38

38

48

48

48

45

43

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

44

51 

73

54

53

77

71

59

46

144

172

166

164

159

93

88

53

64

47

47

46

46

46

46

44

4.2

2.7

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

7.6

7.2

6.4

6.4

86

76

72

76

72

70

71

66

67

66

66

60

57

58

57

50

57

89

86

88

81

72

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.32

2.30 

2.98

2.40

2.39

2.94

2.76

2.57

2.61

4.21

4.64

4.53

4.50

4.44

3.31

3.21

2.48

2.58

2.34

2.32

2.34

2.34

2.34

2.33

2.33

1.68

1.68

1.68

1.68

1.68

1.68

1.68

1.68

1.68

1.68

2.09

2.04

2.02

2.02

3.28

3.00

3.00

2.99

2 99

2.98

2.93

2.92

2.76

2.75

2.71

2.72

2 60

2.59

2.58

2.56

2.56

2.58

3.28

3.28

3.26

3.02

2.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

32.4

23.8 

82

25.7

85

38

449

594

587

565

555

162

135

26.5

45.2

23.4

26.0

22.8

21.4

22.4

24.2

22.3

3.4

3.2

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.1

2.8

3.2

2.9

3.3

11.8

11.2

10.6

154

96

94

89

87.

88

81

77

63

61

CC

59

41.3

39.8

39.3

40.8

150

138

140

93

72

i By wading; meter on a rod. 

J> River frozen over.

c Measured 300 feet below gage. 

d Measured 300 feet below weir.
CONNECTICUT EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 107 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Westfield Little River near Blandford, Mass., for 1905-6.

Day.

1905. 

1...........................

2. ..........................

3...........................

4 ...........................

5. ..........................

6. ........................ ..

8. ..........................

9. ..........................

10 ...........................

11...........................

12 ...........................

14 ...........................

17...........................

19 ...........................

20 ...........................

21...........................

22..........-.---.-.----..-..

23 ...........................

11 ...........................

25 ...........................

27.. ............-...---.....-

oc

29 ...........................

30...........................

31 ...........................

1906.

3...........................

4 . . .......................

5. ..........................

6...........................

7....---.--.-..----......-..

8. ......... .................

g

10 ..........................

11 ...........................

13...........................

15..... ......................

1C...........................

17 ...........................

18...........................

19 ...........................

20 ...........................

21 ...........................

22...........................

23 ...........................

24...........................

25 ...........................

26 ...........................

27 ...........................

28 ........................... 

29 ...........................

30 ...........................

31 ...........................

Apr.

3.45

3.27

3.27

3.84

4.48

3.38

3.43

5.00

4.43

3.91

3.73

5.91

4 gg

3.79

3.39

3.33

3.22

3.13

3.25

3.25

3.14

3.06

2.97

2.89 

2.82

2.97

May.

2 89

9 S<1

2.99

2.83

2.84

3.03

3.00

2.77

2.44

2.23

2.17

2.13

2.15

2.13

2.07

2.10

2.21

2.55

3.47 

4.09

3.48

3.17

June.

2.67

2.59

2.97

2.75

2.74

2.75

2.41

2 30

2.21

2 49

2.94

3.08

3.01

2.81

2.67

2.43

2.44

2.36

2.27

2.20 

2.13

2.12

July.

2.37

1 98

1 92

2.26

2.13

2.00

1.94

1.90

1.93

1 84

1 90

7.75

0 f|A

2 66

2.52

2.45

2 36

2.28

2 19

2.02

1 98

2.22

9 3S

2.22

2.15

2.15

2.14

2.18

2.12

2.00

2.00

2. 30 

2.48

2.95

2.56

Aug.

3.05

2.68

2.46

2.41

2.30

2.14

2 95

9 ^3

2.26

2 19

2.16

2.10

2.08

2.80

9 37

2.68

2 42

2.20

2.84

2 60

2.36

2.05

9 O9

1.95

1 96

1.86

2.46

2.20

1.98

1.95

2.26

1.99

1.94

Sept.

2.50

4.08

4 35

3.60

3.25

3.00

2.84

2.68

2 60

3.65

3.30

9 Q^

9 S9

q An

2.98

9 04

2.68

2.58

2.52

2.42

2.36

1.85

1 an

1 Qft

1 92

1.85

1.80

1.78

1.76

1 79

1.78

1.74

1.70

1.70

i ao

1.79

2.34

2.14

2.04

1.99

2.38

Oct.

9 F^ft

2.30

2.76

2 51

3 20

2.73

2.59

2 60

2.60

9 Xft

2.40

2 26

9 n4

1 96

1.92

1 QO

1 95

9 £9

2.58

2.28

2.12

2.06

2.00

2 no

3.72

2 96

9 73

2 60

2 93

2 92

2.62

2 44

Nov.

9 ^ft

9 3^

9 f^ft

2.78

2 68

9 4tt

« o co

1 2 49

2 45

a2 50

a2.60

a 2 CO

a 2 60

3 39

3.52

2 35

9 ^1

2 21

2 12

2 no

9 9ft

2 50

2 52

9 11

3 24

2.86

2.67

2.64

2. CO

Dec.

q 90

4.18

3 3ft

31^

3 00

a 3. 10

a 2 90

a 3 QQ

a 3. 00

3.35

3 no

2 90

2 90

3 'A^

3.45

3.08

2 63

2 42

2 46

2.48

2.73

2 7Q

2.90

q AA

2

70

9 ^9

2

FC4

3. 30

3.34

2.88

2.88

9 ^9

2.42

2.51

a Anchor ioe in river. River clear of ice. River filled with anchor ice.

NOTE. Gage heights during freshet of July 30, 1905, estimated. Crest of flood was at gage height 8.0 

feet at 8.30 a. m. Relation of gage heights to discharge changed by this flood.
108 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Daily gage height, in feet, on weir of Westfield Little River near Blandford, Mass.,"for 1906.

Day.

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12............. 

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

Aug.

0.36

.34

.32

.25

.24

.20

Sept.

.13

.18

.18

.16

.14

.12

.11

.10

09

.12

.11

09

Oct.

0 ^3

.30

.26

.24

.20

.18

92

.20

.22

.69

.48

.40 

.34

.31

24

Nov.

a.54

a. 50

0.48

o.48

6.51

6.47

6.92

6.84

Dec.

0.60

.44

.42

.46

.47

.70

c.76

.90

.98

.88

94

1.06

.84

80

Day.

17............

1 fi

19

Of!

9i

25............

28............ 

?q

30............

Aug.

0.18

1 ft

.16

.14

.41

^1

90

.26

.22

.33 

.24

.20

Sept.

0.09

.08

.08

.12

, .40

.46

m

.28

.23

.26

.20

9 2

.40

Oct.

0 22

.24

dl.58

.90

72

.59

.92

.06

.56

.46

Nov.

0.41

69

dl.90

1.56

1.19

1.15

92

.76

.64

.60 

.54

.56

Dec.

1.12

.66

.70

1.02

1 00

1.12

1.05

99

.92

.89 

89

.94

1.40

a Length of weir shortened to 14.8 feet. 

6 Length of weir changed to 12.5 feet. 

c Anchor ice in river.

d Gage reading probably in error as flow over weir is much smaller than that for the same day by the 

current meter method.

Rating table for Westfield Little River near Blandford, Mass., for 1905-6.

Gage

height.

Feet.

1.65

1.70

1.75

1.80

1.85

1.90

1.95

2.00

2.05

2.10

2.15

2.20

2.25

2.30

2.35

2.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2.4

3.1

3.9

4.8

5.8

6.9

8.0

9.2

10.6

12.2

14.0

16.0

18.2

20.6

23.3

26.4

Gage

height.

Feet.

2.45

2.50

2.55

2.60

2.65

2.70

2.75

2.80

2.85

2.90

2.95

3.00

3.05

3.10

3.15

3.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

29.9

33.8

38.1

42.8

47.8

53.1

58.7

64.7

71.1

77.9

85.0

92.4

100

109

119

129

Gage

height.

Feet.

3.25

3.30

3.35

3.40

3.45

3.50

3.55

3.60

3.65

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

141

155

170

186

203

220

238

255

272

290

325

360

395

430

465

500

Gage

height.

Feet.

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

535

570

605

640

675

710

745

780

815

850

885

920

955

990

1,025

1,060

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on sixty-three 

discharge measurements made during 1905-6 and is well defined between gage heights 1.65 feet and 4.6 

feet. Above gage height 3.5 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 35 per tenth.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield Little River near Blandford, Mass., for 1905-6.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9

11...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

1905.

Aug.

220 

100 

69.8 

51.0 

30.7

21.7 

30.7 

27.1 

26.4 

20.6

25.1 

23.9 

17.8 

13.6 

29.2

Sept.

31.5 

33.8 

423

832 

518

255 

141 

92.4 

69.8 

51.0

42.8 

276 

272 

155 

85.0

a An

Oct.

21.7 

21.7 

40.9 

30.7

25.8

22.8 

20.6 

19.6 

19.6 

18.2

17.8 

203 

89.4 

59.9 

42.8

chor ice

Nov.

25.1 

25.1 

23.3 

58.7 

40.9

51.0 

62.3 

51.0 

41.9 

38.1

32.2 

30.7 

29.2 

29.2 

a35.5

in river

1906.

Apr.

339 

203 

147 

147 

339

563 

272 

180 

196 

538

745 

545 

364 

300 

1,060

May.

76.5 

69. 8 

90.9 

79.3 

71.1

68.5 

79.3 

69.8 

97.0 

121

92.4. 

76.5 

61.1 

48.9 

29.2

June.

85.0 

61.1 

49.9 

40.0 

41.9

88.0 

73.8 

58.7 

46.8 

57.6

58.7 

36.4 

27.1 

20.6 

16.4

July.

92.4 

48.9 

35.5 

93.9 

46.8

29.9 

23.9 

19.6 

16.9 

17.8

17.8 

15.6 

12.6 

10.9 

9.8

Aug.

27.8 

21.7 

16.0 

25.8 

19.6

16.0 

14.4

69.8 

42.8
CONNECTICUT EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 109

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield Little River nearBlandford, Mass., for 1905-6-

Continued.

17 . ........................

18...........................

19

20....... ...................

21 ...........................

22 ...........................

23...........................

24...... ....................

25. ...........................

26...........................

27..... .....................

28..... .....................

29...........................

30...........................

01

Aug.

85.0

64.7

36.4

22.8

18.7

15.6

14.4

11.6

64.7

40.9

27.8

24.5

33.0

51.0

39.9

19

Sept.

67.3

64.7

92.4

93.9

77.9

89.4

69.8

40.9

35.5

29.2

29.2

27.8

23.9

23.9

05.

Oct.

34.7

33.8

32.2

30 7

129

85.0

56.5

41 9

42.8

36.4

30.7

28.5

26.4

26.4

Nov.

a 33

31.5

29.9

o33.8

a42.8

o42.8

o42.8

33.8

33.8

32.2

32.2

161

227

180

Apr.

706

322

244

183

164

134

115

141

141

117

102

88.0

76.5

67.2

88.0

May.

19.6

17.3

14.8

14.0

13.3

12.2

11.2

12.2

18.7

16.4

38.1

210

426

213

123

1906.

June.

33.0

83.6

105

66.0

49.9

38.1

28.5

38.1

29.2

23.9

19.2

16.0

13.3

12.9

July.

8.7

16.9

25.1

16.9

14.0

14.0

12.2

13.6

15.2

12.9

9.2

Q 9

20.6

32.2

85.0

Aug.

a Anchor ice in river.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield Little River near Blandford, Mass., 1906, as 

determined by weir and by current-meter ratings.

Day.

2. ........ ......

3....-.......--.

4...............

1. ..............

Q

g

10...............

11...............

13...............

15...............

16...............

S:::::::::::::::

19...............

20...............

21...............

22 ...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Moan .....

Weir.

21.5

19.8

12.6

11.9

10.5 

9.11

7 S1

7 81

5.42

26.1

17.3

11.2

13.3

10.5

7.20

18 9

11.9

9.11

12.3

Aug.

Current 

meter.

23.9

22.8

15.2

10.6 

9 8

8.0

8.2

0.9

6.0

30.7

10 9

9.8

8.7

8.0

18.7

11.9

9.0

13.0

Per 

cent 

difference.

+ 11

+ 15

 2

_ 3

+ 1 

+ 7

+ 2

+ 5

+ 5

+ 11

+ 17

- 8

- 3

 7 

+ 11

+ 11

0

- 1

+ 18

+ 5.

Weir.

5.42

4.86

7.81

A CO

5.42

4.86

4.33

3.82

3.32

2.85

5.42

3.82

3.32

2.85

2.85

2.40

2.40

4.33

25.2

31.0

35.0

14 9

11.2 

9.11

13.3

9.11

10.5

25.2

9.1

Sept.

Current 

meter.

5.8

4.8

8.0

8.7

7.3

5.8

4.8

4.4

4.1

3.9

3.6

4.6

5.2

4.4

3.7 

3.1

3.1

2.8

2.8

4.6

22.8

27.8

38.1

13.6

10.3

8.7

10.3

9.0

9.8

25.1

9.0

Per 

cent 

difference.

- 1

+ 2

+ 11

+ 11

+ 7

__ I

+ 2

+ 7

+ 17

+26

+ 6

- 4

+ 15

+ 11

+ 8

+ 8

+ 17

+ 17

+ 6

-10

 11

+ 9

-10

- 9

-29

- 1

- 7

0

 - 1

Weir.

18 9

16.5

13.3

11.9

9 11

7.81

10.5

9 11

10.5

56.6

33.0

25.2

17.3

11.9

11.9

10.5

11.9

11.9

«297

150

84.0

60.3

44.8

86.8 

77.4

53.1

41.5

35.0

31.0

29.0

42.2

Oct.

Current 

meter.

18.7

15.2

11.9

10.3

8.2

7.3

9.0

8.0

9.8

67.3

40.9

30.7

19.6

12.9

10.9 

10.3

9.2

11.6

11.2

297

167

86.5

56.5

42.8

82.2 

80.7

54.2

44.8

37.3

29.2

27.8

42.9

Per 

cent 

difference.

_ 1

_ g

-12

-16

- 7

-17

-14

- 7

+ 9

+ 24

+ 22

- 1

-34

- 9

-14

- 3

- 6

0

+ 11

+ 3

- 7

- 5

+ 4

+ 2

+ 8

+ 6

- 6

_ 4

+ 2

Weir.

21.5

20.5

19 4

17.2

16.3

16.3

15.8

16.1

15.0

13.3

22.6

36.1

38.5

31.6

28.3 

29.0

26.1

56.6

a367

193

128

122

86.8

65.4

50.7 

46.0

44.8

46.0

39.3

41.5

55.7

^ov.

Current 

meter.

23.3

21.1

20.1

16.4

15.6

15.2

14.4

12.9

12.9

11.6

19.6

33.8

35.5

25.8 

24.5

22.8

53.1

367

234

139

139

93.9

72.5

49.9

46.8

46.8

46.8

39-0

42.8

57.6

Per 

cent 

difference.

+ 8

+ 3

4- 1

-10

-25

-16

-15

-15

_ 7

-10 

-18

-14

0

+21

+ 8

+ 14

+ 8

+ 10

- 2

+ 2

+ 4

+ 2

- 1

+ 3

+ 3

Dec.

Weir.

29.0

31.0

32.0

57.8

65.4

81.5

89.6

107

98.3

70.5 

116

116

53.1

104

101

98.3

116

106

96 8

86.8

82.8

82.8

89.6

162

"Discharge over weir made same as current meter station discharge. Original maximum values for 

weir 198 and 290 for October and November, respectively. See gage-height table footnote.
110 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY IN 1906.

Monthly discharge of Wcstfield Little River near Blandford, Mass., for 1905-6. 

[Drainage area, 43 square miles.]

Month.

1905.

1906. 

April.........................................

July...........--.----------..------.----.....

Discharge in second-feet^

Maximum.

220 

832 

203

227

1,060 

426 

105 

93.9 

69.8 

38.1 

297 

367

Minimum.

11.6 

23.9 

17.8 

23.3

67.2 

'11.2 

12.9 

8.7 

6.0 

2.8 

7.3 

11.6

Mean.

41.0 

136 

43.8 

5L9

288 

74.3 

47.1 

27.0 

17..4 

9.0 

42.9 

S7..6

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.953 

3.16 

1.02 

1.21

6.70 

1.73 

1.10 

.628 

.405 

.209 

.998 

1.34

Depth in 

inches.

1.10 

3.53 

1.18 

1.35

7.48 

1.99 

1.23 

.72 

.47 

.23 

1.15 

1.50

Monthly discharge (by weir] of Westfeld Little River near Blandford, Mass., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 43 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

26.1 

35.0 

297 

367 

162

Minimum.

5.42 

2.40 

7.81 

13.3 

27.0

Mean.

12.3 

9.1 

42.2 

55.7 

81.9

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per 

sq. mile.

0.286 

.212 

.981 

1.30 

1.90

Depth in 

inches.

0.23 

.24 

1.13 

1.45 

2.19

SALMON RIVER AT LEESVILLE, CONN.

This station was established JVTarch 28, 1905, at the plant of the 

East Haddam Electric Light Company at Letsville, a short distance 

above the bridge on the highway leading from Leesville to Easthampton. It is maintained through the cooperation of Messrs. Ransom & 

Hoadley, of Providence, R. I., who expect to build at this point a 

dam about 72 feet in height for developing light and power, which 

will probably be used in Hartford. The conditions at the station 

and the bench marks are described in Water-Supply Paper No. 165, 

page 144, where are given also references to publications that contain 

data for previous years.

Discharge measurements of Salmon River at Leesville, Conn., in 1905-6.

Date.

1905. 

April 28 .......

1906. 

March 9 b ......

Hydrographer.

.....do.......................................

.....do.......................................

T. W. Norcross..............................

Width.

Feet.

122

98

102

-103

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

121

82

400

408

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.34

1.38

.70

1 97

2.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

166

177

73

330

437

a By wading; meter on a rod.

6 From downstream side of highway bridge.

c About one-eighth of discharge estimated.
CONNECTICUT RIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. Ill

Daily gage height, in feet, of Salmon Rircr at Leesviile, Conn., for 1905-6.

Day.

1. ............

1. ............

3........ . .

4.............

6.............

7.....

8. ............

9.............

10.............

12. . .

13......... ...

14.............

15.............

16.............

19

Apr.

05.

May.

1.25

1.15

1.14

1.10

1.08

1.08

1.04

1.00

.90

.90

QK

1.10

1.28

1.35

1.65

1.38

Jan.

1.85

1.6

1.65

3.3

2.35

2.0

1.65

1.5

1.65

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

3.00

1906.

Feb.

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1 A

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.75

1.7

Mar.

2 4

1.65

4.8

4.4

3.0

2.5

2.35

2.35

Day.

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

28............

29............

30............

31............

19

Apr.

1.65

1.62

1.62

1.55

1.70

1.52

1.50

1.40

1.35

1.29

1.25

05.

May.

1.15

.95

Jan.

2.3

2.2

1 9

2.0

2.1

2 2

2.3

2.3

1 95

2.0

1.85

1.85

1.8

1906.

Feb.

1 75

1.7

1.7

1. 75

4.4

3.3

2.4

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

2.0

Mar.

.......

.......

NOTE. River did not freeze over during periods of observation, 1905 and 1906.

Gage heights for April and May, 1905, are the mean of two readings, morning and evening

During January to March, 1906, the gage was read once a day, at midnight.

Rating table for Salmon River at Leesviile, Conn., for 1905-6.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

Dis- Gage 

charge. | height.

Sec. -ft.

98

112

128

144

161

180

200

225

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1. 70 250

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

280

310

340

370

405

440

475

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.20

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

510

545

580

620

660

700

780

860

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

940

1,020

1,100

1,180

1,260

1,340

1,420

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on five discharge measurements made during 1905-6, arid is well defined below gage height 2.2 feet. Above gage 

height 3 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 40 per tenth.

Monthly discharge of Salmon River at Leesviile, Conn., for 1905-6. 

[Drainage area, 115 square miles.]

Month.

1905.

May (1 20) ....................................

1906.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

325 

237 

111 

712 

282 

430 

040

820

],2<:o

1,420

Minimum.

152 

98 

72 

85 

64 

97 

149

200 

225 

237

Moan.

210 

136 

82.9 

181 

124 

130 

292

348 

328 

680

Run-off.

Sec.-ft. per Depth in 

sq. mile. inches.

1.83 

1.18 

.721 

1.57 

1.08 

1.13 

2.54

3.03 

2.85 

6.00

0.95 

.88 

.78 

1.75 

1.24 

1.26 

2.93

3.49 

2.97 

1.79

NOTE. Values for 1905 and 1P06 are approximate. Daily discharges, August to December, 1B05, are 

based on the averages of three gage readings per day.
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

ASHUELOT RIVER AT HINSDALE, N. II.

A measurement was made October 31, 1906, from the highway 

bridge at this point. At this time the distance from water surface 

to reference point was 20.66 feet, this being the top of guard railing 

at 50 feet from the downstream side of the left abutment.

Width, 120 feet; area, 185 square feet; discharge, 230 second-feet.

FARMINGTON RIVEK AT FARMINGTON, CONN.

A measurement was made October 27, 1906, from the highway 

bridge, which is a short distance above the electric railway bridge 

near Farmington, Conn. The bench mark is the top of guard railing 

of bridge, 20 feet from the end of the inclined end post on the left 

bank, downstream side of bridge, the distance to water surface 

being 24.36 feet.

Width, 115 feet; area, 474 square feet; discharge, 902 second-feet.

HOUSATOISriC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIIST. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Housatonic River has its source in Berkshire County, Mass. It 

flows southward across Massachusetts and the west end of Connecticut, entering Long Island Sound. Its course is nearly parallel to 

the eastern boundary of New York State, and it receives the drainage 

from Tenmile River in New York.

Tenmile River drains an area of diversified topography, including 

broad flats and marshes in the basin of Swamp River and extensive 

areas under cultivation and sparsely timbered hills in the region of 

the Chestnut Range. The drainage area lies chiefly in New York 

State, the stream crossing the line into Connecticut one-half mile 

above the junction with the Housatonic.

HOUSATONIC RIVER AT GAYLORDSVILLE, CONN.

This station was established October 24, 1900. It is located at 

the covered wooden highway bridge at Gaylordsville, 2 miles below 

the mouth of Tenmile River. The conditions are described in WaterSupply Paper No. 165, page 145, where are given also references to 

publications that contain data for previous years. The bench mark 

is a large spike in a notch on the river and highway side of a large 

cottonwood tree, about 150 feet from right hand end of bridge, along 

road to New Milford; elevation, 28.97 feet. The reference point 

is the top of. three nails at the 1-foot mark on the gage board; 

elevation, 29.66 feet. Elevations refer to gage datum.
HOUSATONIC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 113

A measurement was made October 17, 1906, by C. C. Covert, with 

the following results:

Width, 170 feet; area, 373 square feet; gage height, 3.55 feet; discharge, 654 secondfeet.

Daily gage lieight, infect, of Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn., for 1906.

Day.

1.... ...........

2.. .............

3. ..............

4......... ..... 

5........ ......

6............... 

7...............

9.... ........... 

10...............

11...............

12............... 

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19--.-........... 

20...............

22..... ....... 

23.... ........... 

24....... . .... 

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.70

4.45

4.45 

4.65 

5.10

5.05 

4.70

4.35 

4.05

4.30 

4.25

4.90

4.80

4.85

5.10

4 95

4.90 

4.75

4.65

4.95 

5.35 

5.50 

5.65

5.25

5.00

4.75 

4.40

4.50

Feb.

4.60

4.55

4.15 

4.15 

4.15

4.05 

4.15 

4.20

4.15 

4.15

4.20 

4.15 

4.05

4.15

4.15

4.15

4.25

4.25

4.05 

3.85

4.20

6.35 

6.30 

5.95 

5.50

5.80

5.15

4 80

Mar.

4.50

4.55

4.70

8.45 

7.10

6.55 

6.45

5. 45 

5.25

5.20 

5.05 

5.00

4.95

4.85

4.50

4.65

4.45

4.35 

4.45

4.45

4.60 

4.55 

4.55 

4.25

4.35

5.00

7.00

7.00 

6.75

6. 75

Apr.

6.40

6.00

5.80 

5.55 

5.70

6.10 

6.25 

6.00

5.95 

6.95

7.55 

6.95 

6.50

6.65

6.70

8.05

7.85

7.85

7.. 20

6.80

6.40

6.05 

6.00 

6.15 

6.05

5. 45

5.25 

5.45

May.

5.24

5.19

5.09 

4.94 

4.99

4.94 

5.04 

4.84

5.04 

5.39

5.34

5.24 

4.69

4.89

4.94

4.99

4.74

4.44 

4.44

4 49

4.29 

4.39 

4.44 

4.34

4 29

4.21

6.54 

6.34

5.74

June.

5.19

5. 19

4.89 

4.84 

4.54

4.99 

5.09 

4.74

4.59 

5.19

5.19 

5.04

4.49

4.24

4.29

5.09

4.74 

4.54

4.59 

4.54 

4.44 

4.19

4.14

4.14 

4.04

July.

3.99

4.19

5.04 

4.84 

4.74

4.54 

4.34 

4.44

4.34 

3.99

4.04 

4.34 

4 09

3.64

3.74

3.69

3.64

3.24

3.24 

3.49

3 94

3' 74 

3.89 

3.84 

3.94

3.74

3.64

4.04

3.79 

4.44

4.44

Aug.

4.44

4.14

3.99 

4.29 

4.14

3.64 

3.39

4.24 

4 19

4.14 

4.44

4.24

3.84

3.79

3.59

3.74

3.09 

3.34

3.34 

3.79 

3.94 

3.94

3.34

3.34

3.89

4.04 

4.19

3.99

Sept.

3.78

3.73

3.58 

3.48 

3.63

3.18 

3.18

3.08 

3.63

3.03 

3.33

3.43

3.03

3.23

2.98 

3.23

3.88 

3.98 

3.68 

3.68

3.63

3.88

3.73

3.78

Oct.

3.78

3.73

3. 63 

3.33

3.28

3.43

4.08

3.18 

2.68

3.60 

3.70 

3.70

3.65

3.55

3.40

3.35

3.20

3.15 

4.30

5.10

4.80 

4.70 

4.50 

4.50

4.45

4.30

4.25

4.00 

3.85

4.05

Nov.

4.00

3.80

3.85 

3.90 

3.70

3.55 

3.50

3.60 

3.55

3.75 

4.25 

4.15

4.10

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.40 

4.50

4 95

4.80 

4.55 

4.20 

4.40

4.25

4 05

4.00 

4.15

Dec.

4.10

4.05

3.90 

3.70 

3.CO

3.95 

4.35 

4.00

4.15 

4.05

4.10 

3.85 

4.15

4.10

4.10

4.55

4.50

3.95 

4.00

4.25

4.20 

4.05 

3.80 

3.95

3.70

4.00

4.00 

4.05

4.35

at t 

this

, , . ..

, ice in eddy; March 15, ico'in eddy above gorge'; March 26, ice went out; December 4, ice in river. 

The river seldom freezes over at gage, but jams of needle ice form on rifts below and cause backwater 

times. Discharges have been computed as if open-channel conditions existed. It is believed that 

is will introduce Tittle serious error. 

The chain length was last checked in July, 1904, hence all gage heights may be subject to some constant 

ror.

Rating table for Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn., for 1900-1906.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.90 

3.00 

3.10 

3.20 

3.30 

3.40 

3.50 

3.60 

3.70 

3.80 

3.90 

4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

266 

303 

352 

402 

451 

501 

550 

618 

686 

754 

822 

890

"fage

 nght.^

Feet.

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

986

1,082

1,173

1,274

1,370

1,506

1,642

1,778

1,914

2,050

2, 216

2,382

Gage

height.

Feet.

5.30

5.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,548

2,714

2,880

3,076

3,272

3,468

3,664

3,860

4,300

4.740

5,204

5,692

Gage

height.

Feet.

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8 20

8.40

8.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

6,180

6,700

7,220

7, 74<1

8,272

8,800

9,340

9,880

10,430

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1900-1906 and is well defined between gage heights 3 feet and 5 feet,

IBB 201 07 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY IN 1906.

Monthly discharge of Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn., for 1906. 

[Drainage area, 1,020 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Run-ofl.

Sec.-ft. per Depth in 

sq mile. inches.

January...................................... 3,170

February..................................... 4,630

March........................................ 10,000

April.......................................... 8,930

May.......................................... 5,060

June.......................................... 2,370

July.......................................... 2,120

August....................................... 1,310

September.................................... 876

October....................................... 2,220

November.................................... 1, ~~

December..................................... | 1, 440

The year................................ 10,000

938

788

1,130

2,460

1,090

928

421

347

296

296

550

686

1,800

1,630

2,910

4,780

2,110

1,630

984

818

554

861

992

958

1.76

1.60

2.85

4.69

2.07

1.60

.965

.802

.543

.844

.973

.939

2.03

1.67

3.29

5.23

2.39

1.78

1.11

.92

.61

.97

1.09

1.08

296 1,670 1.64 22.17

NOTE. Values for 1906 are ratod as good.
INDEX.

A. Page.

Acknowledgments and cooperation........ 22

Acre-foot, definition of ..................... 10

Ammonoosuc River at 

Bretton Woods, N. H.:

description......................... 97

discharge..... ..................... 97

discharge, monthly ................ 99-

gage heights........................ 97-98

rating tables........................ 98

Androscoggin River at 

Dixfleld, Me.:

description ......................... 70

discharge........................... 70

discharge, monthly................. 71

gage heights........................ 70-71

rating table ........................ 71

Rumford Falls, Me.:

dams at, plate showing............. 68

description......................... 69

discharge, daily.................... 69

discharge, monthly ................ 70

Shelburne, N. H.:

description......................... 67

discharge........................... 67

discharge, monthly................. 69

gage heights........................ 67-68

rating table ........................ 68

Androscoggin River basin:

description of .......................... 66

river surveys in ........................ 67

Aroostook River at 

Fort Fairfield, Me.:

description ......................... 27

discharge........................... 27

discharge, monthly................. 28

gage heights........................ 27-28

rating table......................... 28

Ashuelot River at 

Hinsdale, N. H.:

description......................... 112

discharge........................... 112

Atlantic coast of New England drainage.. 22-114

B.

Barre Plains, Mass., 

Ware River at:

description......................... 104

discharge........................... 104

Barrows, H. K., work in charge of. ........ 7

Bingham, Me.,

Kennebec River at:

description ......................... 57

discharge........................... 57

Blackstone River near 

Woonsocket, R. L:

description......................... 88

Blackstone River basin: Page, 

description of .......................... 88

Blandford, Mass.,

Westfield Little River near:

description ....................... 105-106

discharge........................... 106

discharge, daily.................. 108-109

discharge, monthly................. 110

gage heights...................... 107-108

rating table ........................ 108

Bolster, R. H., work of ..................... 7

Brett, G. M., work of ....................... 7

Bretton Woods, N. H., 

Ammonoosuc River at:

description......................... 97

discharge........................... 97

discharge, monthly ................ 99

gage heights........................ 97-98

rating tables........................ 98

Butterfield, A. D., work of.................. 7

C.

Cable station, figure showing.......... 17

Carrabassett River at 

North Ansoii,Me.:

description....................

discharge......................

discharge, monthly............

gage heights...................

rating table....................

Center Couway, N. H., 

Saco River near:

description....................

discharge......................

discharge, monthly............

gage heights...................

rating table ...................

Clinton, Mass.,

Nashua River (South Branch) at:

description ......................... 87

rainfall............................. 88

yield ............................... 88

Cobbosseecontee Stream at 

Gardiner, Me.:

description ......................... 64-65

discharge, daily .................... 65-66

discharge, monthly................. 66

Cochituate, Mass.,

Lake Cochituate at:

description......................... 86

rainfall............................. 8(5-87

yield ............................... 86-87

Cold Stream at 

Enfield,Me.:

description......................... 42

discharge........................... 43

discharge, monthly................. 44

115

71

71

72

71-72 

72
116 INDEX.

Cold Stream at Page. 

Enfleld, Me. Continued.

gage heights........................ 43

rating table ........................ 44

Computation, methods of................... 19-22

Connecticut River at and near 

Hartford, Conn.:

description......................... 93

gage heights ....................... 93

Orford, N. H.:

description......................... 89

discharge........................... 89

discharge, monthly ................ 91

gage heights ....................... 89-90

rating tables ....................... 90

Sunderland, Mass.:

description......................... 91

discharge........................... 91

discharge, monthly................. 93

gage heights ....................... 91-92

rating table ........................ 92

Connecticut River basin:

description of .......................... 88-89

Contoocook River at 

West Hopkinton, N. H.:

description......................... 84

discharge........................... 84

discharge, monthly ................ 85

gage heights........................ 84-85

rating table ........................ 85

Cooperation and acknowledgments........ 22

Current-meter station, view of............. 16

Current meters, classes of.................. 16

methods of using....................... 16-18

plate showing .......................... 16

Curves (discharge, area, and velocity),

figure showing ................. 17

r>.

Dead River near 

The Forks, Me.:

description......................... 60

discharge........................... 60

discharge, monthly ................ 62

gage heights........................ 60-61

rating table......................... 61

Dedham, Me.,

Phillips Lake in:

description ......................... 45

discharge........................... 45

discharge, monthly................. 47-48

gage heights........................ 46

rating tables........................ 47

Deerfield River at 

Deerfield, Mass.:

description ......................... 101

discharge........................... 101

discharge, monthly ................ 102

rating table ........................ 101

Hoosac Tunnel, Mass.:

description......................... 102

discharge.......................... 102

Definitions of terms used................... 9-10

Discharge, methods of measuring and computing .......................... 19-22

Dixfield, Me.,

Androscoggin River at:

description ......................... 70

discharge........................... 70

Dixfield, Me. Continued. 

Androscoggin River at:

discharge, monthly ................ 71

gage heights........................ 70-71

rating table ........................ 71

Drainage basins, list of..................... 8-9

E.

East Branch Penobscot River. See Penobscot River (East Branch). 

East Holden, Me.,

Phillips Lake near:

discharge, monthly ................ 47-48

Phillips Lake (northern outlet) at:

description ......................... 44-45

discharge...........

gage heights........

rating table.........

Enfield, Me.,

Cold Stream at:

description .........

discharge...........

discharge, monthly, 

gage heights........

rating table ........

45

46

47

.......... 42

.......... 43

.......... 44

.......... 43

.......... 44

Equivalents, table of....................... 12-13

F.

Farmington River at 

Farmington, Conn.:

description......................... 112

discharge........................... 112

Fish River at 

Wallagrass, Me.:

description......................... 25

discharge........................... 25

discharge, monthly ................ 27

gage heights........................ 25-2R

rating tables........................ 26

Floats, use of, in measuring discharge..... 15-16

Follansbee, Robert, work of................ 7

Forks. See The Forks.

Fort Fairfield, Me., 

Aroostook River at:

description......................... 27

discharge........................... 27

discharge, monthly ................ 28

gage heights........................ 27-28

rating table......................... 28

Fort Kent, Me.,

St. John River at:

description......................... 23

discharge........................... 23

discharge, monthly................. 25

gage heights........................ 24

rating table......................... 24

Foxcroft, Me.,

Piscataquis River near:

description......................... 41

discharge........................... 41

discharge, monthly................. 42

gage heights........................ 41-42

rating table......................... 42

Framingham, Mass., 

Sudbury River at:

description......................... 86

rainfall............................. 86-87

yield ............................... 86-87
INDEX. 117

Franklin Junction, N. H., Page. 

Merrimac River at:

description......................... 76

discharge........................... 76

discharge, monthly ................ 78

gage heights........................ 77

rating tabl e......................... 77

Gaging stations, equipment of.............. 15

location of, map showing-...........--- 8

Gallons per minute, definition of........... 10

Gardiner, Me.,

Cobbosseecontee Stream at:

description.......................... 64-65

discharge, daily ............-....--- 65-66

discharge, monthly...............- 66

Garvins Palls, N. H., 

Merrimac River at:

description.......................... 78

discharge ...............-.-.-..--- - 79

discharge, daily..................... 79

discharge, monthly................. 79

Gaylordsville, Conn., 

Housatonic River at:

description......................... 113

discharge ..............-...--.--- -- 113

discharge, monthly...........-.---- 114

gage heights.............-....----.- 113

rating table...................-.---- 113

Great Palls of Saco River, view of.......... 74

Grindstone, Me.,

Penobscot River (East Branch) at:

description..............-......----- 38

discharge........................... 38

discharge, monthly................. 39

gage heights........................ 38

rating table......................... 39

H.

Hartford, Conn.,

Connecticut River at:

description......................... 93

gage heights........................ 93

Henshaw, P. P., work of................... 7

Hinsdale, N. H.,

Ashuelot River at:

description......................... 112

discharge........................... 112

Hiram, Me., falls at, view of................ 74

Holden, Me.,

Phillips Lake in:

description ......................... 44-45

discharge.?......................... 45

discharge, monthly................. 47-48

gage heights........................ 46

rating tables........................ 47

Hoosac Tunnel, Mass., 

Deerfleld River at:

description.......................... 102

discharge........................... 102

Horsepower, calculation of................. 11

Housatonic River at 

Gaylordsville, Conn.:

description ......................... 112

discharge........................... 113

discharge, monthly................' 114

gage heights........................ 113

rating table......................... 113

Housatonic River basin: Page, 

description of........................... 112

Hoyt, J. C., work in charge of.............. 7

Hydrographic surveys, organization and

scope of......................... 8

I.

Ice-covered streams, flow of, measurement

of .............................. 19

Israel River (above South Branch) near 

Jefferson Highlands, N. II.:

description ......................... 94

discharge........................... 91

discharge, monthly ................ 95

gage heights........................ 94

rating table......................... 94

Israel River (below South Branch) near 

Jefferson Highlands, N. H.:

description......................... 95

discharge........................... 95

discharge, monthly ................ 96

gage heights........................ 95-96

rating table......................... 96

J.

Jefferson Highlands, N. H.,

Israel River (above South Branch) near:

description......................... 94

discharge........................... 94

discharge, monthly ................ 95

gage heights........................ 94

rating table......................... 94

Israel River (below South Branch) near:

description......................... 95

discharge........................... 95

discharge, monthly ................ 96

gage heights........................ 95-96

rating table......................... 96

Kennebec River at and near 

Bingham, Me.:

description ......................... 57

discharge........................... 57

North Anson, Me.:

description ......................... 52-53

discharge........................... 53

discharge, monthly ................ 55

gage heights........................ 53-54

rating tables........................ 54-55

The Forks, Me.:

description......................... 51

discharge........................... 51

discharge, monthly ................ 52

gage heights........................ 51-52

rating table......................... 52

Waterville, Me.:

description ......................... 55-56

discharge, daily .................... 56-57

discharge, monthly................. 57

Kennebec River basin:

description of........................... 48-49

river surveys in......................... 49

L.

Lawrence, Mass.,

Merrimac River at:

description......................... 80

discharge, daily.................... -80

weekly flow........................ 81
118 INDEX.

Leesville, Conn., Page. 

Salmon River at

description......................... 110

discharge........................... 110

discharge, monthly................. Ill

gage heights........................ Ill

rating table......................... Ill

Los Angeles, Cal., current-meter station at,

view of ......................... 16

M.

Machias River near 

Whitneyville, Me.:

description......................... 32

discharge........................... 32

gage heights........................ 34

Machias River basin:

description of .......................... 32

Madison, Me.,

Sandy River near:

description......................... 63

discharge, daily.................... 63-64

discharge, monthly................. 64

Mattawamkeag River at 

Mattawamkeag, Me.:

description ......................... 39

discharge........................... 39

discharge, monthly................. 41

gage heights........................ 39-40

rating table......................... 40

Mention, R. A., work of.................... 7

Merrimac River at 

Franklin Junction, N. H.:

description ......................... 76

discharge........................... 76

discharge, monthly................. 78

gage heights........................ 77

rating table......................... 77

Garvins Falls, N. H.:

description ......................... 78

discharge........................... 78

discharge, daily .................... 79

discharge, monthly................. 79

Lawrence, Mass.:

description......................... 80

discharge, daily.................... 80

weekly flow ........................ 81

Merrimac River basin:

description of........................... 76

Millinocket, Me.,

Penobscot River at:

description ......................... 34

discharge, daily.................... 34

discharge, monthly ................ 34

Miner's inch, definition of ................. 10

Moose River, survey on .................... 49

Moose River at and near 

Rockwood, Me.* ..

description...."..................... 57

discharge........................... 58

discharge, monthly ................ 59

gage heights........................ 58

rating table ........................ 58

Moosehead Lake at 

East Outlet, Me.:

description......................... 49

gage heights........................ 50

Page.

Multiple-point method of measuring discharge, description of.......... 17-18

Nashua River (South Branch) at 

Clinton, Mass.:

description......................... 87

rainfall............................. 88

yield ............................... 88

Norcross, T. W., work of ................... 7

North Anson, Me.,

Carrabassett River at:

description......................... 62

discharge........................... 62

discharge, monthly................. 63

gage heights........................ 62

rating table......................... 63

Kennebec River near:

description ......................... 52-53

discharge........................... 53

discharge, monthly................. 55

gage heights........................ 53-54

rating table......................... 54-55

O.

Orford, N. H.,

Connecticut River near:

description......................... 89

discharge........................... 89

discharge, monthly................. 91

gage heights........................ 89-90

rating table......................... 90

P.

Padgett, H. D., work of..................... 7

Palmer, Mass.,

Quaboag River at:

description ......................... 105

discharge........................... 105

Pemigewasset River at 

Plymouth, N. H.:

description ......................... 82

discharge........................... 82

discharge, monthly................. 84

gage heights........................ 82-83

rating table......................... 83

Penobscot River at 

Millinocket, Me.:

description ......................... 34

discharge, daily .................... 34

discharge, monthly................. 34

West Enfleld, Me.:

description......................... 35-36

discharge........................... 36

discharge, monthly................. 37

gage heights........................ 36-37

rating table......................... 37

Penobscot River (East Branch) at 

Grindstone, Me.:

description ......................... 38

discharge........................... 38

discharge, monthly................. 39

gage heights........................ 38

rating table......................... 39

Penobscot River basin:

description of........................... 34

river surveys in......................... 34
INDEX. 119

Phillips Lake in Page. 

Holden and Dedham, Me.:

description ......................... 44-45

discharge........................... 45

discharge, monthly................. 47^18

gage heights........................ 46

rating tables........................ 47

Piscataquis River near 

Foxcroft, Me.:

description ......................... 41

discharge........................... 41

discharge, monthly ................ 42

gage heights........................ 41-42

rating table ........................ 42

Plymouth, N. H.,

Pemigewasset River at:

description ......................... 82

discharge...... .................... 82

discharge, monthly................. 84

gage heights........................ 82,83

rating table ........................ 83

Power plants, views of ..................... 28-68

Pressey, F. E., work of ..................... 7

Presumpscot River at 

Sebago Lake, Me.:

description......................... 72

discharge, daily .................... 73

discharge, monthly ................ 73

Presumpscot River basin:

description............................. 72

Price current meter, view of ............... 16

QQuaboag River at 

Palmer, Mass.:

description ......................... 105

discharge........................... 105

West Warren, Mass.:

description......................... 104

discharge, monthly ................ 105

gage heights...................... 104-105

R.

Rating tables, construction of.......... ... 19,21

Roach River at 

Roach River, Me.:

description......................... 59

discharge, monthly................. 60

gage heights........................ 59

rating table......................... GO

Rockwood, Me.,

Moose River, near:

description......................... 57

discharge........................... 58

discharge, monthly ................ 59

gage heights........................ 58

rating table ........................ 58

Rumford Falls, Me.,

Androscoggin River at:

dams on, views of .................. 68

description......................... 69

discharge, daily.................... G9

discharge, monthly................. 70

Run-off, office methods of computing...... 19-22

Run-off in inches, definition of............. 10

S.

Saco River, falls on, view of................ 74

View on................................. 28

Saco River near Page. 

Center Conway, N. H.:

description......................... 71

discharge........................... 71

discharge, monthly................. 72

gage heights........................ 71-72

rating table......................... 72

Saco River basin:

description of .............._.....,..... 71

St. Croix Paper Company, plant of, view of. 28 

St. Croix River nearWoodland, Me.:

description......................... 29

discharge........................... 30

discharge, monthly................. 31

gage heights............... ........ 30-31

rating table......................... 31

St. Croix River basin:

description of........................... 29

St. John River at 

Fort Kent, Me.:

description......................... 23

discharge........................... 23

discharge, monthly................. 25

gage heights........................ 24

rating table......................... 24

St. John River basin:

description of .......................... 22-23

Salmon Falls, view below.................. 28

Salmon River at 

Leesvilie, Conn.:

description......................... 110

discharge........................... 110

discharge, daily .................... Ill

gage heights........................ Ill

rating table ........................ Ill

Sandy River near 

Madison, Me.:

description......................... 63

discharge, daily.................... 63-G4

discharge, monthly ................ 64

Sebago Lake, Me.,

Presumpscot River at:

description......................... 72

discharge, daily .................... 73

discharge, monthly ................ 73

Second-feet per square mile, definition of.. 10 

Second-foot, definition of .................. 10

Shelburne, N. H.,

Androscoggin River at:

description......................... 67

discharge........................... 67

discharge, monthly ................ 69

gage heights........................ 67-68

rating table......................... 68

Single-point method of measuring discharge, description of.......... 18

Slope method of measuring discharge, use

and value of.................... 13-14

South Branch Nashua River. See Nashua

River (South Branch). 

Spragues Falls, Me., power plant at, view

of............................... 28

Stewart, J. E., work of..................... 7

Stream flow, measurement and computation of.......................... 13-22

papers on, list of........................ 9
120 INDEX.

Sudbury River at Page. 

Framingham, Mass.:

description ......................... 86

rainfall............................. 86-87

yield................................ 86-87

Sunderland, Mass.,

Connecticut River at:

description......................... 91

discharge........................... 91

discharge, monthly................. 93

gage heights........................ 91-92

rating table......................... 92

Tables, explanation of ..................... 10-12

The Forks, Me.,

Dead River near:

description......................... 60

discharge........................... 60

discharge, monthly ................ 02

gage heights........................ 00-61

rating table......................... 01

Kennebec River at:

description......................... 51

discharge........................... 51

discharge, monthly................. 52

gage heights........................ 51-52

rating table......................... f 2

Twin Mountain, N. H., 

Zealand River near:

description......................... 99

discharge............. ............. 99

discharge, monthly................. 100

gage heights........................ 100

rating table......................... 100

Velocity method of measuring discharge,

description of ..........'........ 15-]9

Vertical-integration method of measuring

discharge, description of ....... ]8

Vertical velocity-curve method of measuring discharge, description of... 17

AV.

Wallagrass, Me., 

Fish River at:

description......................... 25

discharge........................... 25

discharge, monthly................ 27

gage heights ....................... 25-26

rating tables........................ 26

Ware River at 

Barre Plains, Mass.:

description......................... 104

discharge........................... 104

Ware River near 

Ware, Mass.:

description......................... 102

discharge........................... 102

discharge, monthly ................ 104

Ware River near 

Ware, Mass. Continued.

gage heights ....................... 103

rating table ........................ 103

Waterville, Me.,

Kennebec River at:

description ......................... 55-56

discharge, daily.................... 56-57

discharge, monthly ................ 57

Weir method of measuring discharge, description of..................... 14-15

West Enfield, Me.,

Penobscot River at:

description......................... 35-36

discharge........................... 36

discharge, monthly ................ 37

gage heights........................ i56-37

rating table ........................ 37

West Hopkinton, N. H., 

Contoocook River at:

description......................... 84

discharge........................... 84

discharge, monthly ................ 85

gage heights........................ 84-85

rating table ........................ 85

West Warren, Mass., 

Quaboag River at:

description......................... 104

discharge, monthly .............. 104-105

gage heights........................ 105

Westfield, Little River near 

Blandford, Mass.:

description ....................... 105-] 06

discharge........................... 106

discharge, daily.................. 108-109

discharge, monthly ................ 110

gage heights...................... 107-108

rating table ........................ 108

Whitneyville, Me.,

Machias River near:

description ......................... 32

discharge........................... 32

gage heights........................ 34

Woodland, Me.,

St. Croix River near:

description ......................... 29

discharge .......................... 30

discharge, monthly ................ 31

gage heights........................ 30-31

rating table ........................ 31

Woonsocket, R. I.,

Blackstone River near:

description ......................... 88

Z.

Zealand River near 

Twin Mountain, N. H.:

description......................... 99

discharge........................... 99

discharge, monthly ................ 100

gage heights........................ ICO

rating table ........................ 100
CLASSIFICATION OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL

SURVEY.

[Water-Supply Paper No. 201.]

The publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1) Annual 

Eeports; (2) Monographs; (3) Professional Papers; (4) Bulletins; (5) Mineral 

Resources; (6) Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers; (7) Topographic Atlas of 

United States, folios and separate sheets thereof; (8) Geologic Atlas of United 

States, folios thereof. The classes numbered 2, 7, and 8 are sold at cost of publication; the others are distributed free. A circular giving complete lists can be had 

on application.

Most of the above publications can be obtained or consulted in the following ways:

1. A limited number are delivered to the Director of the Survey, from whom they 

can be obtained, free of charge (except classes 2, 7, and 8), on application.

2. A certain number are delivered to Senators and Representatives in Congress, 

for distribution.

3. Other copies are deposited with the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, 

D. C., from whom they can be had at practically cost.

4. Copies of all Government publications are furnished to the principal public 

libraries in the large cities throughout the United States, where they can be consulted by those interested.

The Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water-Supply Papers treat of a variety of 

subjects, and the total number issued is large. They have therefore been classified 

into the following series: A, Economic geology; B, Descriptive geology; C, Systematic 

geology and paleontology; D, Petrography and mineralogy; E, Chemistry and 

physics; F, Geography; G, Miscellaneous; H, Forestry; I, Irrigation; J, Water 

storage; K, Pumping water; L, Quality of water; M, General hydrographic investigations; N, Water power; O, Underground waters; P, Hydrographic progress reports.

Series P. The hydrographic progress reports contain the results of stream measurements. A 

report is issued for every calendar year, containing the results of data collected during that year. 

These reports were first published as a part of the Director's annual report or as a bulletin; they are 

now published as water-supply and irrigation papers. The following is a list, by years, of the publications containing the progress reports of stream measurements (* means out of stock). A detailed 

index of these reports (1888-1903) is published as Water-Supply Paper No. 119.

1888. Tenth Annual Report, Part II*.

1889. Eleventh Annual Report, Part II*.

1890. Twelfth Annual Report, Part II*.

1891. Thirteenth Annual Report, Part III*.

1892. Fourteenth Annual Report, Part II*.

1893. Bulletin No. 131*.

1894. Bulletin No. 131*; Sixteenth Annual Report, Part II*.

1895. Bulletin No. 140*.

1896. Water-Supply Paper No. 11*; Eighteenth Annual Report, Part IV*.

1897. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 15* and 16*; Nineteenth Annual Report, Part IV*.

1898. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 27* and 28*; Twentieth Annual Report, Part IV*.

1899. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 35*, 36*, 37*, 38*, and 39*; Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV*.

1900. Water-Supply Papers Nos. 47,48,49,50, 51, and 52; Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

1901. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 65* and 75*. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 66 and 75*.
II SERIES LIST.

1902. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 82 and 83. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 84 and 85.

1903. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 97 and 98. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 99 and 100.

1904. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 124,125, 126, 127, 128, and 129. 

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, and 135.

1905. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 165*, 166*, 167, 168*, 169, 170, and 171.

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 171,172*, 173*, 174,175*, 176,177, and 178.

1906. East of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 201. 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, and 207.

West of Mississippi River, Water-Supply Papers Nos. 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, and 214.

Correspondence should be addressed to

THE DIRECTOR,

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

JULY, 1907.

o