1

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Catalog of Earthquake Hypocenters at Alaskan Volcanoes: January 1, 

1994 through December 31, 1999 

By 

Arthur D. Jolly1, Scott D. Stihler2, John A. Power3, John C. Lahr4, John Paskievitch3, 

Guy Tytgat2, Steve Estes2, Andrew B. Lockhart5, Seth C. Moran3, Stephen R. McNutt2, 

William R. Hammond1

1

Alaska Volcano Observatory 2Alaska Volcano Observatory 

U. S. Geological Survey University of Alaska-Geophysical Institute 

University of Alaska-Geophysical Institute Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7320 

Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 

3

Alaska Volcano Observatory 4U.S. Geological Survey 

U. S. Geological Survey P.O. Box 25046 

4200 University Drive Lakewood, CO 80025 

Anchorage, Alaska 99508 

5

U.S. Geological Survey 

Cascade Volcano Observatory 

5400 Macarthur Blvd. 

Vancouver, WA 98661 

Open-File Report 01-189 

 

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U. S. Geological Survey editorial 

standards. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U. S. Government. 
2

INTRODUCTION 

The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), a cooperative program of the U.S. 

Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska - Fairbanks, and 

the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, has maintained a seismic 

monitoring program at potentially active volcanoes in Alaska since 1988 (Power and 

others, 1993; Jolly and others, 1996). The primary objectives of this program are the 

seismic surveillance of active, potentially hazardous, Alaskan volcanoes and the 

investigation of seismic processes associated with active volcanism. 

 Between 1994 and 1999, the AVO seismic monitoring program underwent 

significant changes with networks added at new volcanoes during each summer from 

1995 through 1999. The existing network at Katmai – Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes 

(VTTS) was repaired in 1995, and new networks were installed at Makushin (1996), 

Akutan (1996), Pavlof (1996), Katmai - south (1996), Aniakchak (1997), Shishaldin 

(1997), Katmai - north (1998), Westdahl, (1998), Great Sitkin (1999) and Kanaga (1999). 

These networks added to AVO’s existing seismograph networks in the Cook Inlet area 

and increased the number of AVO seismograph stations from 46 sites and 57 components 

in 1994 to 121 sites and 155 components in 1999. The 1995 – 1999 seismic network 

expansion increased the number of volcanoes monitored in real-time from 4 to 22, 

including Mount Spurr, Redoubt Volcano, Iliamna Volcano, Augustine Volcano, Mount 

Snowy, Mount Griggs, Mount Katmai, Novarupta, Trident Volcano, Mount Mageik, 

Mount Martin, Aniakchak Crater, Pavlof Volcano, Mount Dutton, Isanotski volcano, 

Shisaldin Volcano, Fisher Caldera, Westdahl volcano, Akutan volcano, Makushin 

Volcano, Great Sitkin volcano, and Kanaga Volcano (Figures 1-15). The network 

expansion also increased the number of earthquakes located from about 600 per year in 

1994 and 1995 to about 3000 per year between 1997 and 1999 (Table 1). 

Highlights of the catalog period include: 1) a large volcanogenic seismic swarm at 

Akutan volcano in March and April 1996 (Lu and others, 2000); 2) an eruption at Pavlof 
3

Volcano in fall 1996 (Garces and others, 2000; McNutt and others, 2000); 3) an 

earthquake swarm at Iliamna volcano between September and December 1996; 4) an 

earthquake swarm at Mount Mageik in October 1996 (Jolly and McNutt, 1999); 5) an 

earthquake swarm located at shallow depth near Strandline Lake; 6) a strong swarm of 

earthquakes near Becharof Lake; 7) precursory seismicity and an eruption at Shishaldin 

Volcano in April 1999 that included a 5.2 ML earthquake and aftershock sequence 

(Moran and others, in press; Thompson and others, in press). The 1996 calendar year is 

also notable as the seismicity rate was very high, especially in the fall when 3 separate 

areas (Strandline Lake, Iliamna Volcano, and several of the Katmai volcanoes) 

experienced high rates of located earthquakes (Table 2). 

Figure 1. Alaskan volcanoes seismically monitored by AVO between 1994 and 1999. Katmai 

area volcanoes correspond to numbers in the inset. 

Table 1: Number of earthquakes located per year by the AVO. 

Year Located Earthquakes 

1994 420 

1995 815 

1996 6375 

1997 2915 

1998 2879 

1999 2762 

 This catalog covers the period from January 1, 1994, through December 31, 

1999, and includes: 1) earthquake origin times, hypocenters, and magnitudes with 
4

summary statistics describing the earthquake location quality; 2) a description of 

instruments deployed in the field and their locations and magnifications; 3) a description 

of earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival; 4) velocity models used 

for earthquake locations; 5) phase arrival times recorded at individual stations; and 6) a 

summary of daily station usage from throughout the report period. We have made 

calculated hypocenters, station locations, system magnifications, velocity models, and 

phase arrival information available for download via computer network as a compressed 

Unix tar file. 

Table 2: Highlights of Seismicity: 1994-1999 

Dates Network Event 

Mar. 1996-Apr. 1996 Akutan Akutan earthquake swarm 

Aug. 1996-Feb. 1997 Iliamna Iliamna earthquake swarm 

Sep. 1996-Dec. 1996 Pavlof Pavlof eruption 

Oct. 1996 Katmai Mageik earthquake swarm 

Sep. 1996-Jun. 1997 Spurr Strandline Lake swarm 

May 1998 Katmai Becharof Lake swarm 

Oct. 1998-May 1999 Shishaldin Precursory sequence, 

 Eruptions April 19-23, 1999. 

FIELD INSRUMENTATION, DATA ACQUISITION AND REDUCTION 

 AVO seismic instruments in operation during 1994-1999 were predominantly 

short-period vertical component seismometers (Mark Products L4 and Teledyne-Geotech 

S-13) with a one-second natural period. AVO also operated 15 three-component shortperiod instruments during the report period. These instruments were either Mark 

Products L22 seismometers with a two-second natural period or L4 horizontal 

instruments with a 1-second period. Two horizontal Teleydyne-Geotech S-13 

instruments were operated at station AUI on Augustine Volcano throughout the report 

period. Guralp CGM 40T 60-second broadband instruments were operated at Mount 

Spurr, Augustine and Akutan volcanoes for various time periods between 1994 and 1999; 

however, the telemetry system limited dynamic range of the instrument at Akutan to 12 

bits. 
5

Data were telemetered using voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) to transform 

the ground motion signals from the seismometers to frequency-modulated signals suitable 

for transmission over a telephone circuit. AVO uses both the A1VCO (Rogers and 

others, 1980) and McVCO (McChesney, 1994) to modulate signals in the field. These 

signals were subsequently transmitted via UHF and VHF radio to communication hubs 

located in Anchorage, Homer, Sterling, Kasilof, King Salmon, Port Heiden, King Cove, 

Cold Bay, Akutan, Dutch Harbor, and Adak. Signals were then relayed via leased 

telephone circuits to AVO offices in Anchorage and Fairbanks. 

The new seismic stations established and operated by AVO during the report 

period include new networks at Akutan (6 permanent stations, 8 components), Aniakchak 

(6 stations, 8 components), Great Sitkin (6 stations, 8 components), Kanaga (6 stations, 6 

components), Katmai (18 stations, 24 components), Makushin (6 stations, 8 components), 

Pavlof (6 stations, 8 components), Shishaldin (6 stations, 8 components), and Westdahl (6 

stations, 8 components), as well as two new seismic stations at Iliamna Volcano and one 

new station near Strandline Lake. AVO also added two stations to provide regional 

coverage of seismic activity in the Adak area. Five temporary stations were also 

deployed on Akutan Volcano from March 1996 to July 1997 to monitor seismicity 

associated with that seismic crisis (Lu and others, 2000). The station installation dates 

and locations (both geographic coordinates and maps) are contained in Appendix A. 

Time dependant station information such as changes in magnification is contained in the 

hypoellipse station file (stations.dat) which can be found in the accompanying Unix tar 

file. To provide an estimate of each station's operational status through the report period 

we have prepared plots showing station usage for each day. These plots are available as 

Appendix B, which is provided as a computer file in PDF format that can be downloaded 

with this report. 

Data from AVO stations were digitally recorded at 100 Hz in event detection 

mode on PC computers in Fairbanks and Anchorage using a modified version of the 

computer program Xdetect (Rogers, 1993). This program allows the triggering algorithm 

to be tuned to individual subnets of stations on a specific volcano. The event-detected 

files were periodically transferred to a SUN microcomputer and converted to AH format 

for processing using the program Xpick (Robinson, 1990). During the transfer a one 
6

letter code to indicate the volcano subnet that generated the trigger was added to the AH 

file name. These codes are summarized in Table 3. Triggered events were first visually 

inspected and classified as a volcano-tectonic, long-period, hybrid, explosion, regional 

tectonic, teleseismic, or non-seismic event. This classification system is modeled after 

that described by Lahr and others (1994), and is stored as an individual character in the 

earthquake location summary line. Events classified as volcano-tectonic, long period, or 

hybrid and having four or more distinct phases at three or more stations were selected for 

location. Most earthquakes with a P- and S-wave separation of more than four seconds 

on stations close to the volcanoes were assumed to come from tectonic sources and were 

usually discarded. Earthquake hypocenters and local magnitudes were calculated using 

the program Hypoellipse (Lahr, 1999). 

AVO presently uses 8 seismic velocity models to locate earthquakes at selected 

volcanoes or within selected regions in the manner described by Lahr (1999). The 

models used to locate earthquakes in this report are summarized in Table 4. The quality 

of each hypocenter was checked using a computer algorithm that identifies events 

without magnitude, fewer than three P-phases, less than one S-phase, and standard 

hypocentral errors greater than 15 km. Events not meeting this requirement were 

corrected or removed from the final catalog listing. 

 

Table 3: Volcano Designators 

Volcano Designator 

Akutan t 

Aniakchak n 

Augustine a 

Dutton d 

Iliamna i 

Great Sitkin and Kanaga (Adak) f 

Katmai k 

Makushin m 

Pavlof v 

Redoubt r 

Shisaldin h 

Spurr s 

Westdahl w 
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Discussion and Conclusions 

Between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1999, AVO located 16,167 

earthquakes that occurred near volcanoes in the Aleutian arc. Available for download 

with this report is a compressed Unix tar file that contains the following: 1) a summary 

listing of earthquake hypocenters; 2) phase arrival information for each located event; 3) 

a file (stations.dat) containing information on each seismic station (location, elevation, 

and gain); 4) summary plots showing station usage; and 5) the text of this report. We 

have also included all necessary input files to relocate these hypocenters using the 

program Hypoellipse (Lahr, 1999) and phase arrival information collected by AVO from 

1989 through 1993 (see Power and others, 1993; Jolly and others, 1996). The reader 

should refer to Lahr (1999) for information on file formats and instructions for 

configuring and running the location program Hypoellipse. Archives of waveform data 

in AH format are maintained on CD at AVO offices in Fairbanks and Anchorage. 

Table 4: Velocity models used in AVO processing. 

Velocity models for Spurr (Jolly and others, 1994) 

Layer number Vp Top of layer Vp/Vs 

1 5.1 0.0 1.81 

2 5.5 1.0 1.81 

3 6.3 8.25 1.74 

 4 7.2 30.25 1.78 

Velocity models for Redoubt and Iliamna (Lahr and others, 1994) 

Layer number Vp Top of layer Vp/Vs 

1 2.90 0.0 1.80 

 2 5.10 1.3 1.80 

 3 6.40 4.5 1.72 

 4 7.00 20.0 1.78 

Velocity model for Augustine (Power, 1988) 

Layer number Vp Top of layer Vp/Vs 

1 2.3 0.0 1.80 

 2 2.6 2.3 1.80 

 3 3.4 3.0 1.80 

 4 5.1 4.0 1.80 

 5 6.3 12.0 1.78 

 6 8.0 47.0 1.78 

Velocity model for Katmai, (Jolly, 2000) 

Layer number Vp Top of layer Vp/Vs 

 1 5.0 0.0 1.78 

 2 5.3 3.0 1.78 

 3 5.6 5.0 1.78 
8

 4 5.9 7.0 1.78 

 5 6.1 9.0 1.78 

 6 6.9 18.0 1.78 

 7 7.4 23.0 1.78 

 8 7.7 28.0 1.78 

 9 7.9 36.0 1.78 

 10 8.1 50.0 1.78 

 11 8.3 68.0 1.78 

Velocity model for Aniakchak and Makushin 

Layer number Vp Top of layer Vp/Vs 

 1 5.3 0.0 1.78 

 2 5.6 7.0 1.78 

 3 6.2 13.0 1.78 

 4 6.9 18.0 1.78 

 5 7.4 23.0 1.78 

 6 7.7 28.0 1.78 

 7 7.9 36.0 1.78 

 8 8.1 50.0 1.78 

 9 8.3 68.0 1.78 

Pavlof and Dutton (McNutt, 1986, McNutt and Jacob, 1986) 

Layer number Vp Top of layer Vp/Vs 

 1 3.05 0.00 1.78 

 2 3.44 3.00 1.78 

 3 5.56 4.79 1.78 

4 6.06 6.65 1.78 

 5 6.72 13.18 1.78 

 6 7.61 25.63 1.78 

 7 7.90 41.51 1.78 

Akutan (model is a linear increase over a half space). 

 1 2.30 0.0 1.80 

 2 0.37 1.0 1.80 

 3 10.0 2.0 1.80 

 4 6.30 3.0 1.80 

 5 200.00 4.0 1.80 

Great Sitkin and Kanaga – Adak (Toth and Kisslinger, 1984) 

Layer number Vp Top of layer Vp/Vs 

1 3.50 0.0 1.73 

 2 3.88 0.2 1.73 

 3 4.25 0.4 1.73 

 4 4.62 0.6 1.73 

 5 5.00 0.8 1.73 

 6 5.50 1.0 1.73 

 7 5.62 2.0 1.73 

 8 5.74 3.0 1.73 

 9 5.86 4.0 1.73 

 10 5.98 5.0 1.73 

 11 6.10 6.0 1.73 

 12 6.60 7.0 1.73 

 13 6.68 8.0 1.73 

 14 6.80 11.0 1.73 
9

 15 6.92 14.0 1.73 

 16 7.04 17.0 1.73 

 17 7.16 20.0 1.73 

 18 7.28 23.0 1.73 

 19 7.85 26.0 1.73 

 20 8.05 40.0 1.73

Acknowledgements: 

The contents of this report reflect a great deal of hard work by a large number of people 

too numerous to mention. We thank Game McGimsey, Tim Plucinski and Tom Murray 

for formal reviews of the text and figures. 

REFERENCES 

Garces, M.A., McNutt, S.R., Hansen, R.A., Eichelberger, J.C., 2000, Application of wave-theoretical 

seismoacoustic models to the interpretation of explosion and eruption tremor signal radiated by Pavlof 

Volcano, Alaska: Jour. V. Geophys. Res., 105, p. 3039-3058. 

 

Jolly, A.D., Page, R.A., and Power, J.A., 1994, Seismicity and stress in the vicinity of Mt. Spurr volcano, 

south-central Alaska: J. Geophys. Res., v. 99, p. 15305-15318. 

Jolly, A.D, Power, J.A., Stihler, S.D., Rao, L.N., Davidson, G., Paskievtich, J., Estes, S., Lahr, J.C., 1996, 

Catalog of earthquake hypocenters for Augustine, Redoubt, Iliamna, and Mount Spurr Volcanoes, Alaska: 

January 1, 1991 – December 31, 1993, U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 96-70, p. 90. 

Jolly, A.D. and McNutt, S.R., S.R., 1999, Seismicity at the volcanoes of Katmai National Park, Alaska: 

July 1995 – December 1997: J. Volcanol. And Geotherm. Res., v. 93, p. 173 – 190. 

Jolly, A.D., 2000, Subsurface structure of the volcanoes in Katmai National Park, Alaska: University of 

Alaska – Fairbanks, Ph.D thesis, p. 169. 

Lahr, J.C., 1999, HYPOELLIPSE/Version 2.0: A computer program for determining local earthquake 

hypocentral parameters, magnitude, and first motion pattern: U.S Geological Survey Open File Rept. 99-

23, p 116. 

Lahr, J.C, Chouet, B.A., Stephens, C.D., Power, J.A., Page, R.A., 1994, Earthquake classification, 

location, and error analysis in a volcanic environment: implications for the magmatic system of the 1989-

90 eruptions at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Jour. Volcanol. And Geotherm. Res., v. 62, p. 137 – 152. 

Lu, Z., Wicks, C., Power, J.A., Dzurisin, D., 2000, Ground deformation associated with the March 1996 

earthquake swarm at Akutan Volcano, Alaska, revealed by satellite radar interferometry: J. Geophys. Res., 

v. 105, p. 21,483 – 21,495. 

McChesney, P. J., 1999, McVCO Handbook 1999: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 99-361, p. 

48 

McNutt, 1986, Observation and analysis of b-type earthquakes, explosions, and volcanic tremor at Pavlof 

volcano, Alaska: Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer., v. 76, p. 153-175. 
10

McNutt, S.R., and Jacob, 1986, Determination of large-scale velocity structure of the crust and upper 

mantle in the vicinity of Pavlof volcano, Alaska: J. Geophys. Res., v. 91, p. 5013-5022. 

McNutt, S.R., 2000, Seismic Monitoring: Chapter 68 of Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, Sigurdsson, H., B. 

Houghton, S.R. McNutt, H. Rymer, and J. Stix (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1095-1119. 

Moran, S., Stihler, S.D., Power, J.A., (in press), A tectonic earthquake sequence preceding the April-May, 

1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska: Bull. of Volcanol. 

Power, J.A., 1988, Seismicity associated with the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska: University 

of Alaska – Fairbanks, Masters thesis, p. 149. 

Power, J.A., March, G.D., Lahr, J.C., Jolly, A.D., Cruse, G.R., 1993, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at 

Redoubt Volcano and Mount Spurr, Alaska: October 12, 1989 – December 31, 1990: U.S. Geological 

Survey, Open-File Report, 93-685-A, p. 57. 

Robinson, M., 1990, Xpick users manual, v. 2.7: Seismology Lab, Geophysical Inst., Univ. of Alaska, p. 

93. 

Rogers, J.A., Maslak, S., and Lahr, J.C., 1980, A seismic electronic system with automatic calibration and 

crystal reference: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 80-324. p. 130. 

Rogers, J.A., 1993, Xdetect version 3.18 user’s reference guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 

93-261, p. 18. 

Thompson, G., S.R. McNutt, and G. Tytgat, in press, Three Distinct Regimes of Volcanic Tremor 

Associated with Eruptions of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska, April 1999: Bull. Volcanol. 

Toth, T., Kisslinger, C., 1984, Revised focal depths and velocity model for local earthquakes in the Adak 

seismic zone: Bull. Seismol. Soc. Of Amer., v. 74, p. 1349 – 1360. 
11

APENDIX A: AVO Seismic Stations 

Station Latitude (N) Longitude (W) Elevation (m) Installation date

Akutan subnet 

AKS* 54 06.624 165 41.803 213 96/07/24 

AKTB

 54 08.15 165 46.2 12 96/03/18 

AHB 54 06.916 165 48.943 447 96/07/24 

HSB 54 11.205 165 54.743 497 96/07/24 

LVA 54 09.655 166 02.024 457 96/07/24 

AKV 54 07.571 165 57.763 863 96/07/24 

ZRO 54 05.494 165 58.678 446 96/07/24 

AK1T# 54 08.15 165 46.2 12 96/03/18 

AK2T# 54 07.45 165 46.7 90 96/03/18 

AK3T# 54 08.15 165 46.2 12 96/03/18 

AK4T# 54 06.6 165 43.9 135 96/03/18 

AK5T# 54 09.31 165 51.90 225 96/03/18 

12 stations - 16 components 

Aniakchak subnet 

ANIA 56 54.339 158 13.759 930 97/07/18 

ANNE 56 54.763 158 03.534 705 97/07/18 

ANNW 56 57.986 158 12.895 816 97/07/18 

ANPB 56 48.141 158 16.847 675 97/07/18 

ANPK 56 50.499 158 07.572 972 97/07/18 

ANSL* 56 55.942 158 08.171 344 97/07/18 

6 stations - 8 components 

Augustine subnet 

AUBB

 59 22.93 153 26.07 360 95/12/21 

AUC 59 21.596 153 25.469 1175 95/09/13 

AUD# 59 21.759 153 25.588 1208 94/09/06 

AUE+

 59 21.531 153 22.365 168 80/10/29 

AUH 59 21.833 153 26.591 890 78/12/01 

AUI* 59 20.11 153 25.66 293 78/04/06 

AUL 59 22.93 153 26.07 360 78/08/27 

AUP 59 21.74 153 25.23 1033 77/09/22 

AUR 59 21.766 153 25873 1183 95/11/01 

AUS 59 21.599 153 25840 1226 90/09/01 

AUW 59 22.205 153 28.249 276 76/10/17 

11 stations - 15 components 

Dutton subnet 

DT1 55 06.358 162 16.709 198 91/06/21 

DTN 55 09.011 162 14.985 366 88/07/16 

DRR3 54 58.015 162 15.671 457 96/07/11 

DOL 55 08.960 161 51.683 442 96/07/11 

BLDY 55 11.67 162 47.018 259 96/07/11 

BLHA 55 42.227 162 03.907 411 96/07/11 

6 stations - 6 components 
12

AVO Stations-continued. 

Station Latitude (N) Longitude (W) Elevation (m) Installation date

Great Sitkin subnet 

GSCK 52 00.712 176 09.718 384 99/09/15 

GSMY 52 02.594 176 03.376 418 99/09/03 

GSSP 52 05.566 176 10.541 295 99/09/15 

GSTD* 52 03.356 176 08.685 873 99/09/03 

GSTR 52 05.655 176 03.546 536 99/09/03 

GSIG 51 59.181 175 55.502 407 99/09/03 

6 stations - 8 components 

Iliamna subnet 

ILI 60 04.81 152 57.57 823 87/09/15 

INE 60 03.65 153 03.75 1585 90/08/29 

IVE* 60 00.972 153 00.993 1110 96/09/19 

ILW 60 03.60 153 08.17 1722 94/09/09 

IVS 60 00.55 153 04.85 2332 90/08/29 

ILS 59 57.454 153 04.083 1107 96/08/28 

6 stations - 8 components 

Kanaga subnet 

KICM 51 55.136 177 11.718 183 99/09/15 

KIKV 51 52.730 177 10.223 411 99/09/15 

KIMD 51 45.697 177 14.093 183 99/09/15 

KINC 51 55.884 177 07.657 198 99/09/15 

KIRH 51 53.976 177 05.611 309 99/09/15 

KIWB 51 51.183 177 09.049 244 99/09/15 

6 stations - 6 components 

Katmai subnet 

ACH* 58 12.64 155 19.56 960 96/07/25 

KJL 58 03.24 155 34.39 792 96/07/25 

KVT 58 22.90 155 17.70 457 88//08/01 

MGLS 58 08.06 155 09.65 472 96/07/25 

ANCK 58 11.93 155 29.64 869 96/07/25 

CAHL 58 03.15 155 18.09 807 96/07/25 

CNTC 58 15.87 155 53.02 1158 96/07/25 

KABR 58 07.87 154 58.15 884 98/10/12 

KAHC 58 38.94 155 00.36 1250 98/10/12 

KAHG 58 29.64 154 32.78 923 98/10/12 

KAIC 58 29.10 155 02.75 734 98/10/12 

KAPH* 58 35.81 154 20.81 907 98/10/12 

KARR 58 29.87 154 42.20 610 98/10/12 

KAWH 58 23.02 154 47.95 777 98/10/12 

KBM 58 16.50 155 12.10 732 91/07/22 

KCE 58 14.60 155 11.00 777 91/07/22 

KCG* 58 18.457 155 06.684 762 88//08/01 

KEL 58 26.401 155 44.442 975 88//08/01 

18 stations - 24 components 
13

AVO Stations-continued. 

Station Latitude (N) Longitude (W) Elevation (m) Installation date

Makushin 

MCIR 53 57.08 166 53.51 800 96/07/25 

MSOM 53 48.99 166 56.94 50 96/07/25 

MSW* 53 54.88 166 46.96 418 96/07/25 

MTLB 53 58.16 166 40.71 865 96/07/25 

MGOD 53 47.68 166 52.35 695 96/07/25 

MNAT 53 53.03 166 41.00 390 96/07/25 

6 stations - 8 components 

Pavlof subnet 

PV6* 55 27.227 161 55.138 747 96/07/11 

PN7A 55 26.009 161 59.757 838 96/07/11 

PS1A 55 25.321 161 44.425 293 96/07/11 

PVV 55 22.438 161 47.396 161 96/07/11 

PS4A 55 20.811 161 51.233 322 96/07/11 

HAG 55 19.068 161 54.150 503 96/07/11 

6 stations - 8 components 

Redoubt subnet 

RDT 60 34.394 152 24.315 930 71/08/09 

DFR 60 35.514 152 41.160 1090 88/08/15 

NCT 60 33.789 152 55.568 1079 88/08/14 

RDN 60 31.370 152 44.256 1400 88/08/13 

RDW 60 28.96 152 48.57 1813 90/09/07 

REF*% 60 29.35 152 42.10 1801 92/07/27 

RSO 60 27.73 152 45.23 1921 90/03/01 

RED* 60 25.192 152 46.308 1064 90/08/30 

8 stations - 13 components 

Shishaldin subnet 

ISNN 54 49.925 163 46.700 546 97/07/27 

ISTK 54 43.980 163 42.330 453 97/07/27 

BRPK 54 38.719 163 44.475 420 97/07/27 

SSLN 54 48.709 163 59.756 637 97/07/27 

SSLS* 54 42.718 163 59.926 771 97/07/27 

SSLW 54 46.307 164 07.282 628 97/07/27 

6 stations - 8 components 

Spurr subnet 

STLK 61 29.923 151 49.979 945 97/09/01 

NCG 61 24.22 152 09.40 1244 89/08/06 

CGL 61 18.46 152 00.40 1082 81/09/22 

CRP* 61 16.02 152 09.33 1622 81/08/26 

CRBB# 61 16.02 152 09.33 1622 93/08/02 

CP2 61 15.85 152 14.51 1981 92/10/23 

BGL 61 16.02 152 23.30 1207 89/08/13 

CKN 61 13.44 152 10.89 735 91/08/19 
14

AVO Stations-continued. 

Station Latitude (N) Longitude (W) Elevation (m) Installation date

CKT 61 12.05 152 12.37 975 92/09/16 

SPU 61 10.90 152 3.26 800 71/08/10 

10 stations - 12 components 

Westdahl subnet 

WTUG 54 50792 164 23258 636 98/08/17 

WPOG 54 35776 164 44772 445 98/08/17 

WESN 54 34342 164 34804 549 98/08/17 

WFAR 54 31967 164 46690 640 98/08/28 

WESS* 54 28795 164 43428 908 98/08/28 

WESE 54 28344 164 35188 953 98/08/28 

6 stations - 8 components 

Regional stations 

ADAG 51 58.812 176 36.104 286 99/09/15 

CDD 58 55.79 153 38.58 622 81/08/17 

ETKA 51 51.712 176 24.351 290 99/09/15 

SKN* 61 58.82 151 31.78 564 72/08/08 

NNL 60 02.66 151 17.36 381 72/08/24 

OPT 59 39.16 153 13.78 450 74/01/01 

HOM 59 39.50 151 38.60 198 76/08/01 

PDB 59 47.27 154 11.55 305 78/09/09 

MMN 59 11.11 154 20.20 442 81/08/22 

BGM 59 23.56 155 13.76 625 78/09/08 

SYI 58 36.60 152 23.45 149 90/08/27 

XLV 59 27.28 151 40.30 320 87/09/16 

BKG 61 04.21 152 15.76 1009 91/07/01 

BGR 60 45.45 152 25.06 985 91/07/01 

NAG 54 58.70 160 08.30 305 93/06/01 

CNB 54 49.22 159 35.30 11 73/01/01 

16 stations - 18 components 

* 3-componet SP station 

B Broad-band Instrument (all have three components) 

T

 Temporary station 

#

 No longer in operation 

+

Station moved 97/09/06, prior coordinates 59N33.02, 153W33.02, 172 m elevation. 

%REF also has a low-gain vertical component. 
15

Figure 2. AVO seismic stations on Akutan Island. 

Figure 3. AVO seismic stations near Aniakchak Crater.
16

Figure 4. AVO seismic stations on Augustine Island. Stations AUS, AUC, AUP, 

and AUR are not labeled. 

Figure 5. AVO seismic stations near Mount Dutton.
17

Figure 6. AVO seismic stations near Great Sitkin volcano. 

Figure 7. AVO seismic stations near Iliamna Volcano.
18

Figure 8. AVO seismic stations on Kanaga Island. 

Figure 9. AVO seismic stations near the Katmai Volcanoes. 
19

Figure 10. Seismic stations near Makushin Volcano. 

Figure 11. AVO seismic stations near Pavlof Volcano.
20

Figure 12. AVO seismic stations near Redoubt Volcano. 

Figure 13. AVO seismic stations near Shishaldin Volcano.
21

Figure 14. AVO seismic stations near Mount Spurr. 

Figure 15. AVO seismic stations on Westdahl volcano.
22

APPENDIX B 

 This appendix contains monthly plots showing station usage per day for each 

station in each sub-network operated by AVO. These plots provide a measure of both an 

individual station’s operational health and earthquake frequency near a given volcano. 

We note that an absence of seismicity at a given network might imply either a station 

outage or a lack of seismicity. The contents are expressed by year and subnet. These 

plots are in a separate PDF file that is available for download with this report. Appendix 

B is 180 pages in length.