To:

Cc:

Bcc:

Subject: Re: Rosenthal Response to PM Data Request

From: Beth Hassett-Sipple/RTP/USEPA/US

To: "Frank Rosenthal" <frank@purdue.edu>

Cc: Lindsay Stanek/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA, Rebecca Yang/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA

Date: 10/29/2009 02:26 PM

Subject: RE: Request for PM AQ data (w/ attachment)

Dr. Rosenthal, we sincerely appreciate your efforts to provide this additional air quality data to our team !

Best regards,

Beth

Beth M. Hassett-Sipple 

Environmental Health Scientist

Ambient Standards Group (C504-06)

Health and Environmental Impacts Division

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

109 TW Alexander Drive

RTP, NC 27711

(919) 541-4605

Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epa.gov

(919) 541-0237 (FAX)

"Frank Rosenthal" Dear Beth, 10/29/2009 01:35:55 PM

From: "Frank Rosenthal" <frank@purdue.edu>

To: Beth Hassett-Sipple/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA

Cc: Lindsay Stanek/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA, Rebecca Yang/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA

Date: 10/29/2009 01:35 PM

Subject: RE: Request for PM AQ data (w/ attachment)

Dear Beth,

The percentiles of the 24 averages of the hourly TEOM data used in the paper (Rosenthal, et al, 

2008) are as follows:

Obs year P50 P95 P98 P99 Site

1 2002 14.99 33.18 37.13 40.15 Michigan Ave.

2 2003 12.99 32.56 38.11 41.53 Washington Park

3 2004 13.98 28.46 32.51 36.57 Washington Park

4 2005 15.37 37.49 45.58 51.69 Washington Park

5 2006 13.27 27.00 30.82 34.29 Washington Park

The percentiles of the daily FRM data used in the paper are as follows...

Obs year P50 P95 P98 P99 Site

1 2002 15.20 29.3 35.0 48.7 Washington Park

2 2003 13.50 32.0 39.3 39.8 Washington Park

3 2004 13.65 27.0 31.0 33.5 Washington Park

4 2005 14.30 36.5 42.5 49.4 Washington Park

5 2006 13.10 28.1 31.7 35.1 Washington Park

In making these calculation, I had to delete data for 5 days which were uncertain due to a 
transcription error.)

The correlations between the TEOM and FRM data , whose percentiles are given above, follows 

(N=no. of days measured) ...

Year R N

2002 0.89 152

2003 0.95 356

2004 0.93 364

2005 0.97 363

2006 0.93 365

(R = Pearson correlation coefficient)

Please let me know if you have any questions or I can provide any additional assistance.

Thanks.

Have a great day,

Frank

***************************************

Frank S. Rosenthal, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of Occupational and Environmental 

 Health Sciences

Purdue University School of Health Sciences

550 Stadium Mall Dr.

West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA

tel: 765-494-0812, fax: 765-496-1377,

e-mail: frank@purdue.edu

***************************************

From: Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epamail.epa.gov [mailto:Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epamail.epa.gov] 

Sent: Monday, October 26, 2009 8:21 AM

To: Frank Rosenthal

Cc: Stanek.Lindsay@epamail.epa.gov; Yang.Rebecca@epamail.epa.gov

Subject: RE: Request for PM AQ data (w/ attachment)

Dr. Rosenthal, thank you for responding to our request for additional AQ data for our 

review of the PM NAAQS. For evaluating the results reported in your study, it would be 

most helpful to have 24-hour 98th percentile values, as the current form of the 24-hour 

PM2.5 NAAQS is the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations at 

each population-oriented monitor within an area 

Your study in Finland sounds interesting. Though we can not use unpublished data in 

our review of the PM NAAQS, we are required by the Clean Air Act to periodically

review the standards. Thus, there is cyclical nature to our reviews, and, when

published, the Finland study could be considered in a subsequent PM review. 
Regards,

Beth

Beth M. Hassett-Sipple 

Environmental Health Scientist

Ambient Standards Group (C504-06)

Health and Environmental Impacts Division

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

109 TW Alexander Drive

RTP, NC 27711

(919) 541-4605

Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epa.gov

(919) 541-0237 (FAX)

From: "Frank Rosenthal" <frank@purdue.edu>

To: Beth Hassett-Sipple/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA

Date: 10/25/2009 01:45 PM

Subject: RE: Request for PM AQ data (w/ attachment)

Beth,

Attached is a Table that was included in our paper on cardiac arrest and PM2.5 

exposure in Indianapolis. I am working to get you more data (including more 

percentiles, etc). However, I have to locate and analyze the original files 

that were used in the paper which may take some time. The data in the 

attached table are percentiles of the PM2.5 distribution just for those hours 

that were used in the case-crossover analysis. It will probably be simpler to 

get you the distribution of PM2.5 values for all hourly values for the study 

period (2002-2006) in Indianapolis. These should not be too different from 

what is in the Table. 

By the way, I want to alert you to a recent study I conducted in Helsinki, 

Finland, which found similar effects on cardiac arrest for PM2.5 levels 

approximately half of those in Indianapolis. This work was presented at the 

International Society for Epidemiology meeting in Dublin in August, but has 

not yet been submitted for publication.

I would like to help in any way I can. I think the work you are doing is 

important. The results of our work, especially those from Helsinki, have 

alerted me to the necessity of re-evaluating our PM2.5 standards.

Best regards,

Frank 

***************************************

Frank S. Rosenthal, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of Occupational and Environmental 

 Health Sciences

Purdue University School of Health Sciences

550 Stadium Mall Dr.

West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA

tel: 765-494-0812, fax: 765-496-1377,

e-mail: frank@purdue.edu

***************************************
-----Original Message-----

From: Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epamail.epa.gov [

mailto:Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epamail.epa.gov] 

Sent: Tuesday, October 20, 2009 5:30 PM

To: avol@hsc.usc.edu; steven.babin@jhuapl.edu; rbasu@jhsph.edu; 

rick_burnett@hc-sc.gc.ca; sknutsen@llu.edu; ychen@uottawa.ca; 

mchimonas@msn.com; rdales@ohri.ca; rdelfino@uci.edu; 

redld@channing.harvard.edu; ddockery@hsph.harvard.edu; fdominic@jhsph.edu; 

brauer@interchange.ubc.ca; jenstrom@ucla.edu; fuentes@stat.ncsu.edu; 

kfung@uwindsor.ca; kuenzli@usc.edu; jimg@rcf.usc.edu; janneane.gent@yale.edu; 

diane.gold@channing.harvard.edu; goss@u.washington.edu; 

Ahmad.hammoud@hsc.utah.edu; hollomanc@battelle.org; mhuynh@health.nyc.gov; 

gillilan@hsc.usc.edu; gillilan@usc.edu; jkoenig@u.washington.edu; 

jerrett@usc.edu; dkrewski@uottawa.ca; TOBYL@umich.edu; 

flipfert@suffolk.lib.ny.us; morton.lippmann@nyumc.org; mlipsett@dhs.ca.gov; 

llisabet@umich.edu; Sliu@uottawa.ca; rmcconne@hsc.usc.edu; gdiette@jhmi.edu; 

yymeng@ucla.edu; ptolber@sph.emory.edu; joelk@u.washington.edu; 

jpeters@hsc.usc.edu; smoolgavkar@exponent.com; goconnor@bu.edu; 

marieo@umich.edu; jdparker@cdc.gov; jennifer.peel@colostate.edu; 

peters@gsf.de; jpeters@hsc.usc.edu; cap3@email.byu.edu; 

brauer@interchange.ubc.ca; britz@ucla.edu; frank@purdue.edu; 

rundell@marywood.edu; jschwrtz@hsph.harvard.edu; philsilkoff@hotmail.com; 

Sheppard@u.washington.edu; sulljh@u.washington.edu; ageyh@jhsph.edu; 

ctrenga@uwashington.edu; Paul_Villeneuve@hc-sc.gc.ca; 

gwelleni@bidmc.harvard.edu; hsuh@hsph.harvard.edu; britz@ucla.edu; 

woodruff.tracey@epa.gov; woodrufft@obgyn.ucsf.edu; Karin_Yeatts@unc.edu; 

azanobet@hsph.harvard.edu; jsamet@usc.edu; azeka@hsph.harvard.edu; 

zmzhang@wfubmc.edu

Cc: Stanek.Lindsay@epamail.epa.gov; Yang.Rebecca@epamail.epa.gov; 

Rajan.Pradeep@epamail.epa.gov

Subject: Request for PM AQ data

To: Authors of recent U.S. and Canadian epidemiological studies

evaluating health effects associated with exposure to particulate matter

(PM)

 This is a follow-up email to an earlier request for request air

quality data for PM2.5 and/or PM10-2.5 used in your epidemiologic

studies. Our original request was sent on May 2, 2009. We are

contacting you again at this time because these data would still be

highly useful for the current review of the PM National Ambient Air

Quality Standards (NAAQS) and we have not yet heard back from you.

 EPA is presently reviewing the NAAQS for PM. Important components

of this review include the preparation of an Integrated Science

Assessment (ISA) by EPA’s National Center for Environmental Assessment

(NCEA) and a Risk Assessment (RA) and a Policy Assessment (PA) by EPA’s

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). In evaluating the

epidemiological evidence in the ISA and in using this information to

inform the quantitative risk assessment and policy assessment, it is

crucial to consider the air quality distributions from areas where these

studies were conducted to investigate associations between PM and health

effects. Most epidemiological studies provide some information on the

distribution of ambient measurement data for PM, however, published

information is often generally limited in scope and the descriptive

statistics reported vary from one study to another.

 OAQPS and NCEA are jointly contacting you to request specific

information on the distribution of the air quality data for PM2.5 and/or

PM10-2.5 used in your studies. These data will provide important

information as NCEA develops the final ISA and OAQPS develops the final

RA and draft PA in the next few months. These documents will inform

EPA’s decision making process on whether to retain or revise the PM
NAAQS.

 Specifically, we are interested in receiving the descriptive

statistics (listed below) on the air quality data used in your study

(see the study citations list below). Please note, this request is for

information on the distribution of air quality data for PM2.5 and/or PM

10-2.5 used in your studies. If your study evaluated PM10-2.5, we are

also asking for you to provide PM10 data, if available. It is important

to emphasize that we are not requesting health data. In addition, we

are not requesting raw air quality data, but rather information on the

distribution of the data. However, if you prefer to send the entire air

quality data set, that would also be acceptable. Please be aware that

your responses, together with whatever data you provide, will be placed

in our public docket.

 We recognize that you are all very busy and if it is not possible

for you to provide all of the data listed below, please focus on those

data that would be most informative to this PM NAAQS review (i.e., 98th

and 99th percentile values for short-term PM2.5 ambient concentrations;

98th, 99th, and maximum values for PM10-2.5 and PM10).

 In order to use the requested information in preparing the final

ISA and RA, we ask that you provide these data to us by November 2, 2009

. We will follow this email message with a telephone call in the next

week to address any questions you might have regarding this request.

Please contact us if you have any questions.

 Thank you in advance for your assistance.

Beth M. Hassett-Sipple Lindsay Wichers Stanek, Ph.D.

Environmental Health Scientist Physical Scientist

OAQPS NCEA-RTP

919 541-4605 919 541-7792

hassett-sipple.beth@epa.gov stanek.lindsay@epa.gov

REQUESTED PM2.5 AND PM10-2.5 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

A. For multi-city studies evaluating mortality and/or morbidity effects

 associated with short-term PM2.5 and/or PM10-2.5 concentrations,

 please provide the following:

 o mean; 95th, 96th, 97th, 98th, and 99th percentile values; and

 minimum and maximum values (each as the average across modeled

 cities - e.g., average of the 98th percentile values across the

 cities evaluated)

 o range (high to low) of city-specific 98th percentile values

 across all cities

 o where applicable, the above air quality information

 differentiated by:

 specific individual years, if multiple years were

 evaluated

 region, as defined in the study (e.g., east-west)

 o for the highest reporting monitor within each city

 98th and 99th percentile of the 24-hour concentrations

 for each city

 annual mean concentration for each city

 average 98th and 99th percentile of 24-hour

 concentrations across cities

 range (high to low) of 98th and 99th percentile

 concentrations across cities

 where applicable, the above air quality information

 differentiated by:

 specific individual years, if multiple

 years were evaluated
 region, as defined in the study (e.g.,

 east-west)

 o the air quality monitors used, unless these monitors are

 identified already in the study publication

 o for PM10-2.5 studies, please provide the above information for

 PM10 also, if available

B. For single-city studies evaluating mortality and morbidity effects

 associated with short-term PM2.5 ambient concentrations, please

 provide the following information:

 o information requested in A above for the one city evaluated

C. For studies evaluating mortality and morbidity effects associated

 with long-term PM2.5 ambient concentrations, please provide the

 following:

 o mean of the ambient PM2.5 mean concentrations across cities

 reported in the study for the time period evaluated in the

 study

 o range (high-to-low) of the city-specific means across all

 cities or locations

 o where applicable, the above air quality information

 differentiated by:

 specific individual years, if multiple years were

 evaluated

 season, as defined in the study

 region, as defined in the study (e.g., east-west)

 o if your study considered air quality data from multiple

 monitors in a city, include the above information for the

 highest reporting monitor within each city

STUDY CITATIONS

Avol, E. L., W. J. Gauderman, et al. (2001). "Respiratory effects of

relocating to areas of differing air pollution levels." Am J Respir Crit

Care Med 164(11): 2067-72.

Babin, S. M., H. S. Burkom, et al. (2007). "Pediatric patient

asthma-related emergency department visits and admissions in Washington,

DC, from 2001-2004, and associations with air quality, socio-economic

status and age group." Environ Health 6: 9.

Basu, R., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2004). "Comparing exposure metrics in

the relationship between PM2.5 and birth weight in California." J Expo

Anal Environ Epidemiol 14(5): 391-6.

Burnett et al. (1997). “Association between ozone and hospitalization

for respiratory diseases in 16 Canadian cities.” Environ. Research 72:

24-31. HERO id 082676

(Coarse only) Burnett RT; Smith-Doiron M; Stieb D; Cakmak S; Brook JR.

 (1999). Effects of particulate and gaseous

pollution on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations. Arch Environ Occup

 Health, 54: 130-139. (HERO id 017269)

(Coarse and PM2.5) Chen, L. H., S. F. Knutsen, et al. (2005). "The

association between fatal coronary heart disease and ambient particulate

air pollution: Are females at greater risk?" Environ Health Perspect 113

(12): 1723-9. (contact: Dr. Synmore Knutsen) (HERO id 087942)

Chen, Y., Q. Yang, et al. (2005). "The effect of coarse ambient

particulate matter on first, second, and overall hospital admissions for

respiratory disease among the elderly." Inhal Toxicol 17(12): 649-55.
Chen, Y., Q. Yang, et al. (2004). "Influence of relatively low level of

particulate ar pollution on hospitalization for COPD in elderly people."

Inhal Toxicol 16(1): 21-5.

Chimonas, M. A. and B. D. Gessner (2007). "Airborne particulate matter

from primarily geologic, non-industrial sources at levels below National

Ambient Air Quality Standards is associated with outpatient visits for

asthma and quick-relief medication prescriptions among children less

than 20 years old enrolled in Medicaid in Anchorage, Alaska." Environ

Res 103(3): 397-404.

Dales, R. (2004). "Ambient carbon monoxide may influence heart rate

variability in subjects with coronary artery disease." J Occup Environ

Med 46(12): 1217-21.

Dales, R., L. Liu, et al. (2007). "Particulate air pollution and

vascular reactivity: the bus stop study." International Archives of

Occupational and Environmental Health 81(2): 159-164.

Delfino, R. J., N. Staimer, et al. (2006). "Personal and ambient air

pollution is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide in children

with asthma." Environ Health Perspect 114(11): 1736-43.

Delfino, R. J., N. Staimer, et al. (2008). "Personal and ambient air

pollution exposures and lung function decrements in children with

asthma." Environmental Health Perspectives 116(4): 550-558.

DeMeo, D. L., A. Zanobetti, et al. (2004). "Ambient air pollution and

oxygen saturation." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170(4): 383-7.

Dockery, D. W., H. Luttmann-Gibson, et al. (2005). "Association of air

pollution with increased incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias

recorded by implanted cardioverter defibrillators." Environ Health

Perspect 113(6): 670-4. (HERO 078995)

Dominici, F., R. D. Peng, et al. (2007). "Particulate air pollution and

mortality in the United States: did the risks change from 1987 to 2000?"

Am J Epidemiol 166(8): 880-8.

(Coarse only) Ebelt, S. T., W. E. Wilson, et al. (2005). "Exposure to

ambient and nonambient components of particulate matter: a comparison of

health effects." Epidemiology 16(3): 396-405. (Contact: Dr. Michael

Brauer)

Eftim, S. E., J. M. Samet, et al. (2008). "Fine particulate matter and

mortality: a comparison of the six cities and American Cancer Society

cohorts with a Medicare cohort." Epidemiology 19(2): 209-16. (contact

Dr. Francesca Dominici) (HERO id 099104)

Enstrom, J. E. (2005). "Fine particulate air pollution and total

mortality among elderly Californians, 1973-2002." Inhal Toxicol 17(14):

803-16. (HERO id 087356)

Fuentes, M., H. R. Song, et al. (2006). "Spatial association between

speciated fine particles and mortality." Biometrics 62(3): 855-63.

(Coarse and PM2.5) Fung, K. Y., S. Khan, et al. (2006). "Association

between air pollution and multiple respiratory hospitalizations among

the elderly in Vancouver, Canada." Inhal Toxicol 18(13): 1005-11. (HERO

id 089789)

Gauderman, W. J., E. Avol, et al. (2004). "The effect of air pollution

on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age." N Engl J Med 351(11):
1057-67.

Gauderman, W. J., G. F. Gilliland, et al. (2002). "Association between

air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children:

results from a second cohort." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166(1): 76-84.

Gauderman, W. J., R. McConnell, et al. (2000). "Association between air

pollution and lung function growth in southern California children." Am

J Respir Crit Care Med 162(4 Pt 1): 1383-90.

Gauderman, W. J., H. Vora, et al. (2007). "Effect of exposure to traffic

on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a cohort study." Lancet

369(9561): 571-7.

Gent, J. F., E. W. Triche, et al. (2003). "Association of low-level

ozone and fine particles with respiratory symptoms in children with

asthma." JAMA 290(14): 1859-67.

Gent et al. (2009). “Symptoms and medication use in children with asthma

and traffic-related sources of fine particle pollution.” Environ. Health

Perspec. In press. Hero ID 180399

Gold, D. R., A. A. Litonjua, et al. (2005). "Air pollution and

ST-segment depression in elderly subjects." Environ Health Perspect 113

(7): 883-7.

Goss, C. H., S. A. Newsom, et al. (2004). "Effect of ambient air

pollution on pulmonary exacerbations and lung function in cystic

fibrosis." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169(7): 816-21. (HERO 055624)

Hammoud, A., D. T. Carrell, et al. "Decreased sperm motility is

associated with air pollution in Salt Lake City." Fertility and

Sterility In Press, Corrected Proof.

Holloman, C. H., S. M. Bortnick, et al. (2004). "A Bayesian hierarchical

approach for relating PM(2.5) exposure to cardiovascular mortality in

North Carolina." Environ Health Perspect 112(13): 1282-8.

Huynh, M., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2006). "Relationships between air

pollution and preterm birth in California." Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol

20(6): 454-61.

Islam, T., W. J. Gauderman, et al. (2007). "Relationship between air

pollution, lung function and asthma in adolescents." Thorax 62(11):

957-63. (contact: Dr. Frank Gilliland)

Islam, T., R. McConnell, et al. (2007). "Ozone, Oxidant Defense Genes

and Risk of Asthma During Adolescence." American Journal of Respiratory

and Critical Care Medicine: 200706. (Contact: Dr. Frank Gilliland)

Janes, H., F. Dominici, et al. (2007). "Trends in air pollution and

mortality: an approach to the assessment of unmeasured confounding."

Epidemiology 18(4): 416-23. (contact: Dr. Francesca Dominici)

Jansen, K. L., T. V. Larson, et al. (2005). "Associations between health

effects and particulate matter and black carbon in subjects with

respiratory disease." Environmental health perspectives 113: 1741-1746.

(Contact: Jane Koenig)

Jerrett, M., R. T. Burnett, et al. (2005). "Spatial analysis of air

pollution and mortality in Los Angeles." Epidemiology 16(6): 727-36.

Kim, J. J., S. Smorodinsky, et al. (2004). "Traffic-related air

pollution near busy roads: the East Bay Children's Respiratory Health
Study." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170(5): 520-6. (Contact: Dr, Bart

Ostro) (HERO 087383)

Koenig, J. Q., K. Jansen, et al. (2003). "Measurement of offline exhaled

nitric oxide in a study of community exposure to air pollution."

Environmental Health Perspectives 111(13): 1625-9.

Koenig, J. Q., T. F. Mar, et al. (2005). "Pulmonary effects of indoorand outdoor-generated particles in children with asthma." Environ Health

Perspect 113(4): 499-503.

Kuenzli, N., M. Jerrett, et al. (2005). "Ambient air pollution and

atherosclerosis in Los Angeles." Environ Health Perspect 113(2): 201-6.

Krewski, D et al. (2009). “Extended follow-up and spatial analysis of

the American Cancer Society study linking particulate air pollution and

mortality.” Health Effects Institute. Cambridge, MA. 140. (HERO id

191193)

Lewis, T. C., T. G. Robins, et al. (2005). "Air pollution-associated

changes in lung function among asthmatic children in Detroit."

Environmental Health Perspectives 113(8): 1068-75.

(Coarse and PM2.5) Lin et al. (2005). “Coarse particulate matter and

hospitalization for respiratory infections in children younger than 15

years in Toronto: a case-crossover analysis.” Pediatrics 116: 235-240.

(HERO ID 087828)

(Coarse and PM2.5) Lin et al. (2002). “The influence of ambient coarse

particulate matter on asthma hospitalization in children: case-crossover

and time-series analyses.” Environ. Health Persp. 110: 575-581. (Hero id

026067)

Lipfert, F., R. Wyzga, et al. (2006). "Traffic density as a surrogate

measure of environmental exposures in studies of air pollution health

effects: Long-term mortality in a cohort of US veterans." Atmospheric

Environment 40: 154-169.

Lipfert, FW et al. (2006). “PM2.5 constituents and related air quality

variables as predictors of survival in a cohort of U.S. military

veterans.” Inhal Toxicol, 18: 645-657. (HERO id 088756)

(Coarse and PM2.5) Lippmann, M. (2000). Environmental toxicants: Human

exposures and their health effects. Hero id 024579

Lipsett, M. J., F. C. Tsai, et al. (2006). "Coarse particles and heart

rate variability among older adults with coronary artery disease in the

Coachella Valley, California." Environ Health Perspect 114(8):

1215-1220.

Lisabeth, L. D., J. D. Escobar, et al. (2008). "Ambient air pollution

and risk for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack." Ann Neurol

64(1): 53-9. (HERO 155939)

Liu, S., D. Krewski, et al. (2007). "Association between maternal

exposure to ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and fetal growth

restriction." J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17(5): 426-32.

Mar, T. F., J. Q. Koenig, et al. (2005). "Fine particulate air pollution

and cardiorespiratory effects in the elderly." Epidemiology 16(5):

681-7. (Contact: Dr. Jane Koenig)

(Coarse and PM2.5) Mar, T. F., T. V. Larson, et al. (2004). "An analysis

of the association between respiratory symptoms in subjects with asthma
and daily air pollution in Spokane, Washington." Inhal Toxicol 16(13):

809-15. (Contact: Dr. Jane Koenig) (HERO id 057309)

McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (1999). "Air pollution and bronchitic

symptoms in southern California children with asthma." Environmental

Health Perspectives 107(9): 757-760.

McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (2003). "Prospective study of air

pollution and bronchitic symptoms in children with asthma." Am J Respir

Crit Care Med 168(7): 790-7. (HERO 049490)

McConnell, R., K. Berhane, et al. (2006). "Dog ownership enhances

symptomatic responses to air pollution in children with asthma."

Environmental health perspectives 114(12): 1910.

(Coarse only) McCormack, M. C., P. N. Breysse, et al. (2009). "In-Home

Particle Concentrations and Childhood Asthma Morbidity." Environmental

health perspectives 117(2): 294. (Contact: Dr Gregory Dietle)

Meng, Y. Y., M. Wilhelm, et al. (2007). "Traffic and outdoor air

pollution levels near residences and poorly controlled asthma in

adults." Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 98(5): 455-63.

(Coarse only) Metzger, K. B., P. E. Tolbert, et al. (2004). "Ambient air

pollution and cardiovascular emergency department visits." Epidemiology

15(1): 46-56. (Contact: Dr. Paige Tolbert) hero 044222

(Coarse only) Metzger et al. (2007). “Ambient air pollution and cardiac

arrhythmias in patients with implantable defibrillators.” Epidemiology

18 (5): 585-592. HERO ID 092856

Millstein, J., F. Gilliland, et al. (2004). "Effects of ambient air

pollutants on asthma medication use and wheezing among fourth-grade

school children from 12 Southern California communities enrolled in The

Children's Health Study." Arch Environ Health 59(10): 505-14.

Moolgavkar, SH. (2003). “Air pollution and daily deaths and hospital

admissions in Los Angeles and Cook counties.” Health Effects Institute

183-198. HERO id 042864

O’Connor et al. (2008). “Acute respiratory health effects of air

pollution on children with asthma in US inner cities.” J. of Allergy and

Clinical Immunology 121: 1133-1139 e1131. HERO id 156818

O'Neill, M. S., A. Veves, et al. (2007). "Air pollution and inflammation

in type 2 diabetes: a mechanism for susceptibility." Occup Environ Med

64(6): 373-379.

O'Neill, M. S., A. Veves, et al. (2005). "Diabetes enhances

vulnerability to particulate air pollution-associated impairment in

vascular reactivity and endothelial function." Circulation 111(22):

2913-20.

Parker, J. D., T. J. Woodruff, et al. (2005). "Air pollution and birth

weight among term infants in California." Pediatrics 115(1): 121-8.

(Coarse only) Peel, J. L., P. E. Tolbert, et al. (2005). "Ambient air

pollution and respiratory emergency department visits." Epidemiology 16

(2): 164-74. (HERO id 056305)

(Coarse only) Peng et al. (2008). “Coarse particulate matter air

 pollution and hospital admissions

cardiovascular respiratory diseases among Medicare patients.” ( HERO id

 156850)
Peters, A., D. W. Dockery, et al. (2001). "Increased particulate air

 pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction

Circulation 103(23): 2810-5

(Coarse only) Peters, A., D. W. Dockery, et al. (2001). "Increased

particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction."

Circulation 103(23): 2810-5. (HERO id 016546)

Peters, J. M., E. Avol, et al. (1999). "A study of twelve Southern

California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution.

I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159

(3): 760-7.

Pope, C. A., 3rd, R. T. Burnett, et al. (2004). "Cardiovascular

mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution:

epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of

disease." Circulation 109(1): 71-7.

Pope, C. A., M. L. Hansen, et al. (2004). "Ambient particulate air

pollution, heart rate variability, and blood markers of inflammation in

a panel of elderly subjects." Environ Health Perspect 112: 339-345.

Pope, C. A., 3rd, J. B. Muhlestein, et al. (2006). "Ischemic heart

disease events triggered by short-term exposure to fine particulate air

pollution." Circulation 114(23): 2443-8. (HERO id 091246)

Pope et al. (2008). “Relation of heart failure hospitalization to

exposure to fine particulate air pollution.” Amer. J. of Cardiology 102

(9): 1230-1234. (HERO id 191969)

Rich, D. Q., M. H. Kim, et al. (2006). "Association of ventricular

arrhythmias detected by implantable cardioverter defibrillator and

ambient air pollutants in the St Louis, Missouri metropolitan area."

Occup Environ Med 63(9): 591-6. (Contact: Dr. Doug Dockery) (HERO id

089814)

Rich, D. Q., J. Schwartz, et al. (2005). "Association of short-term

ambient air pollution concentrations and ventricular arrhythmias." Am J

Epidemiol 161(12): 1123-32. (Contact: Dr. Doug Dockery)

Rich, K. E., J. Petkau, et al. (2004). "A case-crossover analysis of

particulate air pollution and cardiac arrhythmia in patients with

implantable cardioverter defibrillators." Inhal Toxicol 16(6-7): 363-72.

(Contact: Dr. Michael Brauer) (HERO id 055631)

Ritz, B., M. Wilhelm, et al. (2007). "Ambient air pollution and preterm

birth in the environment and pregnancy outcomes study at the University

of California, Los Angeles." Am J Epidemiol 166(9): 1045-52.

Rosenthal, F. S., J. P. Carney, et al. (2008). "Out-of-hospital cardiac

arrest and airborne fine particulate matter: a case-crossover analysis

of emergency medical services data in Indianapolis, Indiana." Environ

Health Perspect 116(5): 631-6.

Rundell, K. W., J.R. Hoffman, R. Caviston, R. Bulbulian, A.M. Hollenbach

(2007). "Inhalation of ultrafine and fine particulate matter disrupts

systemic vascular function." Inhalation Toxicology 19: 133-140.

Schwartz, J., S. K. Park, et al. (2005). "Glutathione-S-Transferase M1,

Obesity, Statins, and Autonomic Effects of Particles:

Gene-by-Drug-by-Environment Interaction." Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.

172(12): 1529-1533.
(Coarse only) Sheppard L. (2003). Ambient air pollution and nonelderly

asthma hospital admissions in Seattle, Washington, 1987-1994. (HERO id

042826)

Silkoff, P. E., L. Zhang, et al. (2005). "Winter air pollution and

disease parameters in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

panels residing in Denver, Colorado." J Allergy Clin Immunol 115(2):

337-44.

(Coarse only) Slaughter, J. C., E. Kim, et al. (2005). "Association

between particulate matter and emergency room visits, hospital

admissions and mortality in Spokane, Washington." J Expo Anal Environ

Epidemiol 15(2): 153-9. (Contact: Dr. Lianne Sheppard) (HERO 073854)

Slaughter, J. C., T. Lumley, et al. (2003). "Effects of ambient air

pollution on symptom severity and medication use in children with

asthma." Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 91(4): 346-53. (Contact: Dr. Lianne

Sheppard)

Sullivan, J., N. Ishikawa, et al. (2003). "Exposure to Ambient Fine

Particulate Matter and Primary Cardiac Arrest among Persons With and

Without Clinically Recognized Heart Disease." Am. J. Epidemiol. 157(6):

501-509. (HERO 043156)

Sullivan, J., L. Sheppard, et al. (2005). "Relation between short-term

fine-particulate matter exposure and onset of myocardial infarction."

Epidemiology 16(1): 41-8. (HERO 050854)

Sullivan, J. H., R. Hubbard, et al. (2007). "A community study of the

effect of particulate matter on blood measures of inflammation and

thrombosis in an elderly population." Environ Health 6: 3.

Symons, J. M., L. Wang, et al. (2006). "A Case-Crossover Study of Fine

Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Onset of Congestive Heart Failure

Symptom Exacerbation Leading to Hospitalization." Am J Epidemiol.

(contact: Dr. A. Geyh) (HERO 091258)

(Coarse only) Tolbert, P. E., M. Klein, et al. (2007). "Multipollutant

modeling issues in a study of ambient air quality and emergency

department visits in Atlanta." J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 17: S29-S35.

(HERO id 090316)

Trenga, C. A., J. H. Sullivan, et al. (2006). "Effect of particulate air

pollution on lung function in adult and pediatric subjects in a Seattle

panel study." Chest 129(6): 1614-22.

Villeneuve, P. J., R. T. Burnett, et al. (2003). "A time-series study of

air pollution, socioeconomic status, and mortality in Vancouver,

Canada." J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 13(6): 427-35.

Villeneuve, P. J., L. Chen, et al. (2006). "Associations between outdoor

air pollution and emergency department visits for stroke in Edmonton,

Canada." Eur J Epidemiol 21(9): 689-700. (HERO id 090191)

Wellenius, G. A., G. Y. Yeh, et al. (2007). "Effects of ambient air

pollution on functional status in patients with chronic congestive heart

failure: a repeated-measures study." Environ Health 6: 26.

Wheeler, A., A. Zanobetti, et al. (2006). "The relationship between

ambient air pollution and heart rate variability differs for individuals

with heart and pulmonary disease." Environ Health Perspect 114(4):

560-6. (Contact: Dr. Helen Suh)

Wilhelm, M. and B. Ritz (2005). "Local variations in CO and particulate
air pollution and adverse birth outcomes in Los Angeles County,

California, USA." Environ Health Perspect 113(9): 1212-21. (Contact:

Dr. B. Ritz)

Woodruff, T. J., L. A. Darrow, et al. (2008). "Air pollution and

postneonatal infant mortality in the United States, 1999-2002." Environ

Health Perspect 116(1): 110-115. (HERO id 098386)

Woodruff, T. J., J. D. Parker, et al. (2006). "Fine particulate matter

(PM2.5) air pollution and selected causes of postneonatal infant

mortality in California." Environ Health Perspect 114(5): 786-790.

(Coarse and PM2.5) Yang, Q., Y. Chen, et al. (2004). "Association

between particulate air pollution and first hospital admission for

childhood respiratory illness in Vancouver, Canada." Arch Environ Health

59(1): 14-21. (HERO id 087488)

Yeatts, K., E. Svendson, et al. (2007). "Coarse particulate matter

(PM10-2.5) affects heart rate variability, blood lipids, and circulating

eosinophils in adults with asthma." EHP 115: 709-714.

Zanobetti, A., M. J. Canner, et al. (2004). "Ambient Pollution and Blood

Pressure in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients." Circulation 110(15):

2184-2189.

(Coarse only) Zanobetti, A. and J. Schwartz "The Effect of Fine and

Coarse Particulate Air Pollution On Mortality: A National

Analysis." (HERO 188462)

Zeger, S., A. McDermott, et al. (2007). "Mortality in the medicare

population and chronic exposure to fine particulate air pollution."

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers 113.

(Contact: Dr. J. Samet) (HERO 191951)

Zeka, A., J. R. Sullivan, et al. (2006). "Inflammatory markers and

particulate air pollution: characterizing the pathway to disease." Int.

J. Epidemiol. 35(5): 1347-1354.

Zhang et al. (2009). “Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and

Myocardial Ischemia in the Environmental Epidemiology of

Arrhythmogenesis in the Women's Health Initiative (EEAWHI) Study.”

Environ. Health Perspec. 117(5): 751-756. (HERO id 191970)

Beth

Beth M. Hassett-Sipple

Environmental Health Scientist

Ambient Standards Group (C504-06)

Health and Environmental Impacts Division

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

109 TW Alexander Drive

RTP, NC 27711

(919) 541-4605

Hassett-Sipple.Beth@epa.gov

(919) 541-0237 (FAX)