NO. 03-15-00076-CR

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE

THIRD SUPREME JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS

AT AUSTIN

_________________________________________________________________

NO. 13-0933-K26

IN THE 26th DISTRICT COURT

OF WILLIAMSON COUNTY, TEXAS

_________________________________________________________________

EVERTON ROXROY BAILEY, JR.,

APPELLANT

V.

STATE OF TEXAS, 

APPELLEE

_________________________________________________________________

APPELLANT’S BRIEF

_________________________________________________________________

ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED

DAL RUGGLES

SBN: 24041834

LAW OFFICE OF DAL R RUGGLES

 1103 NUECES ST.

 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78701

 PH: (512) 477-7991

 FAX:(512) 477-3580

 DAL@RUGGLESLAW.COM

 

 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

ON APPEAL ONLY

ACCEPTED

03-15-00076-CR

7191945

THIRD COURT OF APPEALS

AUSTIN, TEXAS

10/1/2015 3:25:52 PM

JEFFREY D. KYLE

CLERK

 FILED IN 3rd COURT OF APPEALS AUSTIN, TEXAS 10/1/2015 3:25:52 PM JEFFREY D. KYLE Clerk
2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Parties to Trial Court’s Final Judgment................................................... 3

Index of Authorities.......................................................................... 4

Statement of the Nature of the Case.......................................................... 5

Statement of of the Point of Error........................................................... 6

Statement of Facts............................................................................. 7

Summary of the Argument ................................................................ 18

Point of Error Number One................................................................. 19

Prayer for Relief............................................................................. 26

Certificate of Service...................................................................... 27

Certificate of Compliance.................................................................. 27
3

PARTIES TO TRIAL COURT’S FINAL JUDGMENT

In accordance with Tex.R.App.Proc. 38.1(a), Appellant certifies that the 

following is a complete list of the parties and their counsel:

(a) the State of Texas represented by:

Ms. Sunday Austin – trial attorney

State Bar No. 24038774

Williamson County District Attorney’s Office

405 Martin Luther King Drive, Box 1

Georgetown, Texas 78626

Ms. Lauren McLeod – trial attorney

State Bar No. 24059584

Williamson County District Attorney’s Office

405 Martin Luther King Drive, Box 1

Georgetown, Texas 78626

(b)Mr. Everton Roxroy Bailey, Jr., represented by:

Mr. Keith Lauerman – trial attorney

State Bar No. 00786044

The Law Office of Keith Lauerman

107 North Lampasas Street

Round Rock, Texas 78701

Mr. Terrence Marsh – trial attorney

State Bar No. 24087978

The Law Office of Terrence Marsh

1915 South Austin Avenue, Suite 105

Georgetown, Texas 78626

Mr. Dal Ruggles – appellate attorney

State Bar No. 24041834

The Law Office of Dal R Ruggles

1103 Nueces St.

Austin, Texas 78701
4

INDEX OF AUTHORITIES

CASES PAGE

Burks v. State, 876 S.W.2d 877 (Tex.Crim.App. 1994)..........................................22

Dinkins v. State, 894 S.W.2d 330 (Tex.Crim.App. 1995).......................................23

Head v. State, 4 S.W.3d 258 (Tex.Crim.App. 1999).....................................24

Hill v. State, 817 S.W.2d 816, 818 (Tex.App. – Eastland 1991 pet. ref’d)......... 21

Jones v. State, 843 S.W.2d 487 (Tex.Crim.App. 1992).......................................... 23

McCreary v. State, 194 S.W.3d 517 (Tex.App. – Houston 2006, no pet.).......23, 24

Morin v. State, 960 S.W.2d 132 (Tex.App. – Corpus Christi 1997, no pet.)......... 22

Schaffer v. State, 777 S.W.2d 111 (Tex.CrimApp.1989) ...........................18, 21, 23

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS, STATUTES AND RULES PAGE

Tex.R.App.Proc. 38.1(a).........................................................................3

Tex.R.Ev. 801(d)..........................................................................................21
5

TO THE HONORABLE JUDGES OF SAID COURT:

COMES NOW, Everton Roxroy Bailey, Jr., Appellant in this cause, by and 

through his Attorney, and files this, his brief on original appeal.

STATEMENT OF THE NATURE OF THE CASE

Appellant was charged by indictment on July 9, 2013 in Cause No. 13-0933-

K26. The indictment alleged that Appellant committed the offense of aggravated

assault causing serious bodily injury, family violence, with a deadly weapon. (C.R. 

17) On January 5, 2015, Appellant entered a plea of not guilty and jury selection 

occurred. (R.R. IV, pp. 19, 20-228)

On January 7, 2015, after hearing the evidence and the argument from 

counsel, the jury found Appellant guilty of the offense of aggravated assault family 

violence with a deadly weapon. (C.R. 219; R.R. VI, p. 173) On January 8, 2015, 

after hearing the punishment evidence and argument from counsel, the jury 

assessed Appellant’s punishment at thirty-seven years imprisonment. Appellant 

was sentenced that same day. (C.R. 225; R.R. VII, pp. 232-234) The trial court’s 

certification of Appellant’s right to appeal was signed and filed on January 8, 2015 

and Appellant’s trial attorney filed a motion for new trial on January 14, 2015

(C.R. 226-228) Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal on January 28, 2015. 

(C.R. 235-236) 
6

STATEMENT OF THE POINT OF ERROR

POINT OF ERROR NUMBER ONE

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ALLOWED 

INADMISSIBLE HEARSAY INTO EVIDENCE DURING THE 

TESTIMONY OF OFFICER STEPHEN SMITH.
7

STATEMENT OF FACTS

Appellant was charged with aggravated assault causing serious bodily 

injury, family violence, with a deadly weapon. Specifically, the indictment stated 

that Appellant:

“intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly caused serious bodily injury 

to Amanda Mitchell, a member of the defendant’s family or 

household, or person with whom the defendant shared a dating 

relationship, by pouring hot water on her head or face or shoulder or 

chest, and used or exhibited a deadly weapon, namely, hot water, “ 

(C.R. 17)

The indictment also provided notice that the hot water used by Appellant was a 

deadly weapon:

“And the State further gives notice that the defendant used or exhibited a 

deadly weapon, namely, hot water, during the commission of a felony 

offense or during immediate flight therefrom, or was a party to the offense

and knew that a deadly weapon would be used or exhibited.” (C.R. 17)

First to testify for the State was Michelle Jackson. Ms. Jackson testified that 

she lived at the Parkwood Terrace Apartments in Georgetown, Texas for eight 

years. She moved there in April of 2006 and lived in the same unit, apartment 

number 6104, for the entire time. Ms. Jackson testified that her neighbors across 

the breezeway in apartment number 6101 appeared to consist of a male, a young 

lady, and a little boy. Ms. Jackson said she did not know them or their names but

saw them coming and going from the apartment. Ms. Jackson described the young 

woman as white female that was evidently in the military since she wore a military 
8

uniform a lot. Ms. Jackson testified that the man she would see coming and going 

from the apartment was a black male. Ms. Jackson identified Appellant as being 

that same person. (R.R. V, pp. 17-24)

Ms. Jackson went on to testify that she would hear arguments coming from 

the couple’s apartment periodically and that she relayed that information to 

property manager, Kandy Asher. On one occasion, Ms. Jackson described hearing 

someone in the apartment scream and that she could tell it was a female screaming. 

Ms. Jackson notified the assistant property manager about what she heard. Ms. 

Jackson testified that she did not see the woman or Appellant after that. Ms. 

Jackson said that she did however, see the inside of the couple’s apartment later 

when she accompanied the property manager during a welfare check. Ms. Jackson 

testified that this was her first time inside the apartment and that it was empty at 

the time and that the trash had not been taken out. She also testified that there was 

a hole in the hallway wall of the apartment. (R.R. V, pp. 31-35) 

On cross-examination, Ms. Jackson confirmed that she had never had a 

conversation with Appellant and therefore did not know what his voice sounded 

like. She also testified that she had no way of identifying any of the voices that she 

heard arguing in the apartment. Upon re-direct Ms. Jackson stated that she did not 

see any other men at the apartment. (R.R. V, pp. 37-39)

Next, Ms. Kandy Asher took the witness stand. Ms. Asher testified that she 
9

had been employed as property manager of the Parkwood Terrace Apartments for 

six years. Ms. Asher testified that her duties included keeping a file on every unit 

and occupant on the property and as such, she was the person that prepared a report 

regarding lease violations associated with unit 6101. The specific violations 

mentioned in her report were for excessive noise disturbance and an unauthorized 

occupant in the home. Ms. Asher confirmed that State’s Exhibit No. 2, a notice of 

a lease violation, and State’s Exhibit No. 3, an incident report, were true and 

accurate copies of those business records and that she was custodian of those 

records. (R.R. V, pp. 42-56) 

Defense counsel objected to the admission of State’s Exhibit No. 3 saying 

that it contained statements that were hearsay. Specifically, the defense objected to 

a statement within the incident report that identified the fight in apartment 6101 as 

being between resident Amanda Mitchell and her boyfriend, a tall black male. The 

court agreed that testimony provided earlier by Michelle Jackson did not identify 

the voices she heard arguing in the apartment and ordered State’s Exhibit No. 3 to 

be redacted to delete the reference to “boyfriend, tall, black male.” State’s Exhibit 

No. 3 was then allowed into evidence with the redaction. (R.R. V, pp. 57-67) 

Dr. Peter Richerson, an emergency physician at West Scott & White Health 

Care in Round Rock, Texas, testified that he was one of the persons who treated 

Amanda Mitchell when she arrived at the emergency room on May 3, 2013. Dr. 
10

Richerson testified that Ms. Mitchell was categorized as a trauma due to the type of 

injuries she had sustained and that triage notes referred to complaints of burns from 

scalding water to her face, chest, back, and right arm. Dr. Richerson also testified 

that Ms. Mitchell refused to allow them to call police and report the incident and 

that she presented unclear information on how she got burned but alluded to being 

with a man when another woman threw hot water on both of them. Because 

Ms.Mitchell’s injuries were so severe she was transferred to Brook Army Medical

Center in San Antonio, Texas. Upon cross-examination, Dr. Richerson testified 

that Ms. Mitchell did not ever change her story as to how she was burned. (R.R. 

V, pp. 98-122)

Next, Mr. Robert Logan Cowart testified for the State. Mr. Cowart testified 

that he was employed with the Texas Army National Guard and worked full time 

with the Counterdrug Task Force. He said he knew Amanda Mitchell because she 

was a temporary hire of that Task Force. After learning of Ms. Mitchell’s injuries, 

Mr. Cowart testified that he went to see her at the Brook Army Medical Center. 

He went on to testify that he directed his personnel to take Ms. Mitchell to the 

Round Rock Police Department because he felt her injuries may have involved 

family violence. When questioned by the defense, Mr. Cowart confirmed that 

although he went to see her at Brook Army Medical Center, he never had an 

opportunity to talk to Amanda Mitchell in person. The conclusion he made to have 
11

her taken to the police department after being discharged from the hospital was 

based solely on information provided by persons other than her. (R.R. V, pp. 131-

139) 

Officer Stephen Brent Smith of the Round Rock Police Department testified 

that during his work shift on May 14, 2013 he met with Amanda Mitchell in the 

lobby of the Round Rock Police Department. (R.R. V, pp. 143-149) The State 

asked Officer Smith what Ms. Mitchell said to him that day, to which, the defense 

objected. Defense counsel argued that statements provided by Ms. Mitchell to 

Officer Smith would be hearsay. Counsel for the State rebutted that Ms. Mitchell’s 

statements were being offered as information acted on by Officer Smith. The State 

argued that the statements were not being offered for the truth of the matter 

asserted but rather, as a reason for the officer’s investigative movements. The 

court ruled that the statement provided by Ms. Mitchell was contextual background 

information and overruled Defense counsel’s objection. (R.R. V, pp. 149-155) 

Officer Smith then testified that Ms. Mitchell told him she had been 

assaulted on May 3, 2013 at the apartment where she lived. Officer Smith went on 

to testify that Ms. Mitchell said it was her husband, Appellant Everton Bailey, that 

had assaulted her. Officer Smith also testified that Ms. Mitchell had visible 

injuries that matched up with what she was telling him. Officer Smith testified he 

saw burn marks on Ms. Mitchell’s neck and face and that there were a lot of other 
12

injuries covered by white gauze. Again, Officer Smith was asked if the injuries he 

saw matched up with what Ms. Mitchell told him and again, he testified that they 

did. (R.R. V, pp. 158-159) Officer Smith testified that he prepared a report based 

on the information provided during his meeting with Ms. Mitchell and provided 

that report to the criminal investigation division of the Round Rock Police 

Department. (R.R. V, p. 161) Officer Smith testified that although he provided 

Ms. Mitchell with a blank written statement form, Ms. Mitchell did not want to 

give a written statement at that time. (R.R. V, p. 165)

Detective John Combs with the Round Rock Police Department took the 

witness stand after Officer Smith. Detective Combs testified that he was assigned 

to the domestic crimes unit and after Amanda Mitchell met with Officer Smith a 

report was prepared and he began working on her case. Detective Combs said he 

met with Ms. Amanda Mitchell on May 21, 2013. At that time Ms. Mitchell

provided a written statement. Without providing information about the content of 

Ms. Mitchell’s statement or what was said during her interview, Detective Combs 

testified that after their meeting he formulated the idea that charges should be filed 

in her case and that the suspect of the offense was Appellant. Detective Combs 

testified that he had already obtained an arrest warrant for Appellant prior to his 

meeting with Amanda Mitchell however. He testified that he believed he obtained 

the warrant on May 17 and that Appellant was already in custody at the time of his 
13

interview with Ms. Mitchell. (R.R. V, pp. 179-190)

Susan Mitchell, Amanda Mitchell’s mother, provided testimony about 

Amanda’s marriage to Appellant and the injuries Amanda sustained as a result of 

the assault. When Susan Mitchell was asked about things Amanda told her the 

defense objected saying Amanda’s statements were hearsay. The court did not rule 

on the objection, saying that the State must lay the predicate for any potential 

exceptions. (R.R. V, pp. 199-206) Susan Mitchell testified that when she spoke to 

Amanda she was still in the emergency room in Round Rock and was very upset 

and crying. (R.R. V, pp. 207-210) Susan Mitchell went on to describe Amanda’s 

stay and the treatment she got at Brook Army Medical Center. During this

testimony no further objections were made by the defense. (R.R. V, pp. 212-224) 

Susan Mitchell also testified as to communications with Appellant during

Amanda’s hospital stay. Susan Mitchell said Appellant never came to see Amanda 

though he did call and text her. Susan testified that the texts to Amanda were 

upsetting to Susan and concerned Appellant’s wish to maintain custody of their 

child. Susan testified she did not know if Appellant ever called to check on 

Amanda’s condition. (R.R. V, pp. 230-232)

Amanda Mitchell testified after her mother. Ms. Mitchell testified that she 

married Appellant on March 11, 2011 and that they had one child together. She 

went on to testify that around May 3, 2013 they were living in an apartment at 
14

1201 East Old Settlers Boulevard in Round Rock, Texas. Ms. Mitchell testified 

that she got home from work that day around 12:30 AM and that Appellant was up 

when she got there. Ms. Mitchell testified that she and Appellant got into an 

argument and when the fight began to escalate she left the apartment and went to 

her car. Ms. Mitchell said she decided to go back inside the apartment and when 

she did she found Appellant still up and demanding that she leave. Ms. Mitchell 

testified that at some point Appellant told her she could stay if she let him hit her in 

the face with a large metal spoon. At first, Mitchell agreed to being hit with the 

spoon but then she changed her mind and decided to go back outside to her car 

instead. Ms. Mitchell testified that she stayed in her car the rest of the night. She 

said she drove to a nearby park and slept in her car until daylight. She then drove 

back to the apartment complex and parked. At some point Appellant came out to 

the car and told Mitchell to come inside. Appellant told Mitchell that nothing was 

going to happen and that they needed to start cleaning. While Ms. Mitchell started 

doing dishes Appellant began to argue with her. Appellant said he did not believe 

she slept in the car because he had walked to the park looking for her. He told her 

to go back to whoever’s house she had come from. Ms. Mitchell explained she had 

not gone to anyone’s house but Appellant did not believe her and the argument 

kept escalating. Eventually, Appellant told Mitchell she could stay but that he was 

going to pour boiling water on her. Ms. Mitchell testified that she ran to the door 
15

but Appellant caught her and dragged her to the closet in their bedroom. While

Mitchell was in the bedroom she said Appellant went to the kitchen and boiled 

some water. He then brought the hot water to the bedroom, told Mitchell to kneel 

down and began pouring the water on her. Ms. Mitchell screamed and got up. 

Appellant told her to be quiet and get back down. When Appellant finished 

pouring the water on Mitchell he went to the bathroom. At that time Ms. Mitchell 

changed her clothes and drove herself to the emergency room at the Scott & White 

hospital in Round Rock, Texas. (R.R. VI, pp. 7-37)

Amanda Mitchell testified that when questioned by hospital staff at the 

emergency room she gave false identifying information. Ms. Mitchell testified she 

gave the wrong name and social security number because she did not want the 

police to get involved. She also testified that she told the emergency room staff 

that the burns happened when she was at some guy’s house and his girlfriend came 

home and threw boiling water on her. After being told she would have to be 

transferred to San Antonio for further treatment Ms. Mitchell testified that she gave 

her correct name and social security number. As far as how she got the burns, Ms. 

Mitchell told the medical staff in San Antonio the same thing she told the staff at 

Scott & White. At some point however, Ms. Mitchell testified that she decided to 

change her story and give a statement that it was Appellant who was responsible 

for her burns. She also testified that she went to the Round Rock Police 
16

Department and gave a recorded statement. When asked why she would make up a 

story about what happened she replied that she didn’t want anyone to know what 

really happened. (R.R. VI, pp. 39-65) 

After hearing testimony from Dr. William Carter explaining the dynamics of 

domestic violence and testimony from physician’s assistant, Michael Chambers, 

explaining the nature and severity of Amanda Mitchell’s injuries, the State and

Defense rested. (R.R. VI, pp. 70-115, 117-136, 142)

After both sides rested the jury heard closing arguments then deliberated. 

After deliberating, the jury announced its verdict. The jury found Appellant guilty 

of the offense of aggravated assault family violence with a deadly weapon as 

alleged in the indictment. (R.R. VI, pp. 172-173; C.R. 3-5, 219)

During the punishment phase of the case the jury heard testimony from the 

victim, Amanda Mitchell, as well as her brother, Ryan Mitchell, and her mother, 

Susan Mitchell. Ryan and Susan provided testimony about Appellant’s behavior 

within the family, touching on several incidents where Appellant would lose his 

temper and threaten Amanda’s family members. The State also called Demetrice 

Gonzalez who was Amanda Mitchell’s supervisor while she was in the National 

Guard. Ms. Gonzalez testified to seeing injuries on Amanda such as a black eye on 

several occasions. (R.R. VII, pp. 9-105) 

Defense counsel called Appellant’s parents, Everton Bailey Sr. and Marcia 
17

Bailey, to testify on Appellant’s behalf. Both parents described Appellant as a 

normal kid while growing up and always the person who acted as the peacemaker 

in the house. When asked about their son’s conviction they could only say how 

perplexed they were. (R.R. VII, pp. 111-113) Appellant also took the stand to 

testify in his own behalf. Appellant testified that he somehow thought his actions 

were warranted or justified but that now, in hindsight, he realized that they weren’t 

and that he was just caught up in his own selfishness. Appellant testified he was 

sorry for what he did and that he was ready to face the consequences. (R.R. VII, 

pp. 138-139) 

The jury heard argument and then deliberated. (R.R. VII, pp. 211-228) 

After deliberating, the jury assessed Appellant’s sentence at thirty-seven (37) years 

confinement in the Correctional Institutions Division of the Texas Department of 

Criminal Justice. (R.R. VII, p. 232)
18

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

In his first and only point of error, Appellant argues that the trial court erred 

when it allowed inadmissible hearsay into evidence during the testimony of Officer 

Stephen Smith. The record reflects that Officer Smith provided testimony about

statements made to him during an interview with the victim, Amanda Mitchell. 

The statement consisted of the victim’s detailed allegation that her husband, 

Appellant, assaulted her and that he did so by pouring boiling water on her. These 

details amounted to more than just “information received”1 that would lead to 

Appellant being a suspect. These details amounted to information being provided 

to prove the truth of the matter asserted, namely, that Appellant assaulted Amanda 

Mitchell and used or exhibited a deadly weapon in the process. As such, the 

statement is inadmissible hearsay and should not have been admitted into evidence. 

 1 While it is permissible for a testifying officer to say she was acting in response to “information received” the 

officer should not be permitted to relate hearsay statements in the form of reports or complaints on the grounds that 

she was entitled to tell the jury the information upon which she acted. Schaffer v. State 777. S.W.2d 111, 115 

(Tex.Crim.App. 1989)
19

POINT OF ERROR NUMBER ONE

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ALLOWED 

INADMISSIBLE HEARSAY INTO EVIDENCE DURING THE 

TESTIMONY OF OFFICER STEPHEN SMITH.

Appellant incorporates by reference the Statement of Facts set out earlier in 

this brief. During its case-in-chief, the State called Officer Stephen Smith to the 

stand. Officer Smith testified that he met with the victim, Amanda Mitchell, and 

when asked what she said to him during the interview defense counsel objected, 

saying her statement was inadmissible hearsay and should not be allowed. The 

State argued that Amanda Mitchel’s statement to Officer Smith was not hearsay 

because it was not being offered for the truth of the matter asserted, rather, it was 

being offered to show Officer Smith’s state of mind and why he came to see 

Appellant as a suspect. The court listened to the arguments of both counsel and 

decided to allow Officer Smith to testify regarding Amanda Mitchell’s statements 

to him during their interview.

MS. McLEOD: The -- I'm not offering it under an exception. I'm offering it 

not for the truth of the matter --

THE COURT: Arguing that it's not hearsay.

MR. LAUERMAN: Well, it's hearsay if they're going to repeat what the 

victim told them.

MS. McLEOD: I mean, I'm -- that's not why I'm offering it, though. I'm 

offering it to show why did this officer then take the steps that he took

afterwards.
20

MR. LAUERMAN: Okay. You can just ask him, What steps did you 

take afterwards?

MS. McLEOD: But --

MR. LAUERMAN: That's the -- you don't have to get into --

MS. McLEOD: -- he's able to explain why he did what he did.

MS. AUSTIN: He can identify the subject of his investigation.

THE COURT: Right. Without going – are you going to go into the 

specifics of the nature of the act that she reported to him?

MS. McLEOD: Well, my plan was just to have him say, generally, 

she reported that she had boiling water poured on her by her husband. 

He took that report and where it happened and forwarded it on.

MR. LAUERMAN: Well, I'm going to hold on to my hearsay 

objection. I'm certainly not going to withdraw it, so --

THE COURT: I think I can instruct the jury that it's not -- the State is 

not offering it for the veracity of the declarant but, rather, the process

of --

MS. McLEOD: Sure.

MR. LAUERMAN: So it's the --

THE COURT: -- the officer.

MR. LAUERMAN: So what he – the information that he acted on 

was not true. Is that what we're saying?

MS. McLEOD: Well, that's not the point. I mean, that's not why I'm 

offering it.

MR. LAUERMAN: Well, then why offer it? Well, I disagree. I 

think it clearly goes to the truth of the matter asserted.
21

MS. McLEOD: Well, you -- we're always --

THE COURT: I think it's no different from a DWI investigation that 

an officer stopped a car because it was reported to them that certain 

driving occurred. I think it's contextual background information. I'm 

going to allow it, but keep it very narrow. (R.R. V, pp. 153-155)

Hearsay is defined as “a statement, other than one made by the declarant 

while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the 

matter asserted.” Tex.R.Crim.Evid. 801(d); see Schaffer v. State, 777 S.W.2d 111, 

115 (Tex.Crim.App. 1989) As stated above, the State argued that the disputed 

testimony was not hearsay because it was not being introduced for the truth of the 

matter asserted, but to explain how the officer came to suspect Appellant. Whether 

a third party statement of this type may be allowed into evidence has been argued 

extensively in the courts and conditions that allow such evidence to be introduced 

are very fact specific. The facts in this case do not support the contention that 

Amanda Mitchell’s statement to Officer Smith was provided to inform the jury 

how Appellant came to be a suspect. Instead, the facts show that the statement was 

provided to show the truth of the matter asserted, that Appellant was guilty of 

aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.

When an arresting officer’s actions are not put into question before the jury, 

testimony that the officer acted upon “information received” should be sufficient. 

Schaffer v. State, 777 S.W.2d 111, 114-15 (Tex.Crim.App. 1989) see also Hill v.

State, 817 S.W.2d 816, 818 (Tex.App. – Eastland 1991, pet. ref’d) Even when the 
22

issue is how an investigator decides upon a suspect the details of a statement made 

by a third party that led to the decision would be inadmissible. In Morin v. State, 

960 S.W.2d 132 (Tex.App.- Corpus Christi 1997, no pet.) the Court of Appeals 

reversed a murder conviction where the State elicited testimony from a police 

investigator that a friend of the appellant had informed the investigator that the 

appellant was involved in the crime. Id. at 137-38 The specific issue discussed in 

Morin was how an accomplice named Andy Cespedes became a suspect of 

investigator Oscar Garza. 

“Even if appellant had made an issue of how Cespedes became a 

suspect, the method of examination employed by the Stare would still 

be unacceptable. If, as the State claims, it merely wished to allow 

investigator Garza to explain how he came to suspect Andy Cespedes, 

the State could have conducted its examination in a way that would 

have allowed investigator Garza to mention Oscar Garza’s tip 

regarding Cespedes without any mention of Appellant. The portion of 

investigator Garza’s testimony that Oscar Garza named Mat Morin 

does not serve to explain how Andy Cespedes became a suspect; that 

portion of the testimony serves only as proof of the matter asserted, 

that Mat Morin was involved in the murder.” Id. 

In Burks v. State, 876 S.W.2d 877, 898 (Tex.Crim.App. 1994) the appellant 

asserted that the trial court erred when it admitted evidence of statements made to 

an investigating officer by the deceased and another witness regarding a 

description of the person who perpetrated the alleged offense. Specifically, the 

State asked a Detective if he went looking for a particular description of an 

individual after talking to a witness. The Detective responded that he began 
23

looking for a black male, small build, approximately 5’6” to 5’7”. The Court of 

Appeals found this testimony to be inadmissible hearsay. “We find that Price’s 

statements regarding the fact that he spoke with the victim, Contreras, and the 

witness, Macias, and then issued a description of an individual, were inadmissible 

hearsay. As in Schaffer v. State, 777 S.W.2d 111 (Tex.Crim.App. 1989), the State 

indirectly elicited hearsay testimony from Price when it asked him what particular 

description of an individual he went looking for after questioning Victor Macias 

and Jesse Contreras. Id. at 114 We hold the trial court improperly allowed the 

State to introduce hearsay testimony before the jury. Id.”

Appellant acknowledges there is case law where hearsay statements have 

been found to be admissible in similar situations. These cases however, are 

distinguishable from the present case and therefore should not be controlling. In 

McCreary v. State, 194 S.W.3d 517, 521 (Tex.App. – Houston 2006, no pet.) the 

State argued that testimony was not hearsay because it was not introduced for the 

truth of the matter asserted and relied on Jones v. State, 843 S.W.2d 487, 499 

(Tex.Crim.App. 1992) and Dinkins v. State, 894 S.W.2d 330, 347 (Tex.Crim.App. 

1995) as being dispositive to the resolution of the issue. In all three of these cases 

the court ruled that the disputed testimony was not hearsay and was therefore 

admissible. As stated above, these cases however, are distinguishable from the 

present case. 
24

In McCreary the disputed testimony involved a detective’s statement that

information provided by the first suspect in a case led the detective to look for a

second person with the nickname of “Black” which turned out to be Appellant. In 

Dinkins Detective testified that the appellant became a suspect based upon names 

found in an appointment book and application. In Jones the arresting officer 

testified that he began to suspect Appellant of the offense after hearing another 

Detective question a witness. 

Also discussed in McCreary was Head v. State, 4 S.W.3d 258, 262-63 

(Tex.Crim.App. 1999) In Head, the disputed testimony revealed only that three 

statements provided to an investigator related basically the same facts. The 

substance of what those facts were was not revealed. In addition, there was no 

evidence provided as to what the contents of those statements were, what facts the 

statements had in common, or how any of the facts were consistent. 

All of these cases where the disputed testimony was allowed are 

distinguishable in that all involve statements whose facts were described as merely

reasons for the appellant to be investigated as a suspect. Hearing another officer 

question a witness, following the lead of a nickname, names seen in an address 

book, or confirmation that several statements are consistent with each other, do not 

equate to a statement describing in detail who committed a crime and how. The

hearsay statement in the present case was much more than “information received”
25

that would have led the officer to believe there was probable cause to suspect 

Appellant of a crime. The statement in the present case spoke to the ultimate issue 

of whether or not Appellant was guilty of the charge of aggravated assault with a 

deadly weapon and therefore offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted and 

was inadmissible hearsay. 

While statements of a third party may be introduced into evidence to show 

why a person came to be considered a suspect in a case, those statements may only 

be allowed under limited circumstances. A statement is inadmissible if it provides 

details and facts that go beyond the basic information leading to a suspect and 

instead is offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. In the present case the 

disputed statement consisted of the victim’s allegations to Officer Smith that her 

husband was the person that assaulted her. Her statement not only named 

Appellant as the perpetrator, it described the manner in which he committed the 

assault as evidenced by the “back door” hearsay statement of Officer Smith that 

Ms. Mitchell’s burn injuries were consistent with how she described the assault. 

Because the disputed statement specifically named Appellant as the perpetrator and 

described the manner in which he committed the assault, the statement went well 

beyond “information received” and was presented not to show why Appellant 

became a suspect but to prove the truth of the matter asserted, that Appellant 

committed the crime of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. As such, the 
26

disputed testimony should not have been admitted into evidence. This point of 

error should be sustained.

PRAYER

WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, Appellant respectfully 

prays that this Honorable Court sustain his point of error, reverse the trial court and 

remand the case for a new trial.

Respectfully submitted,

 /s/ Dal Ruggles 

Dal Ruggles

Attorney at Law

1103 Nueces St.

Austin, Texas 78701

Telephone: (512) 477-7991

Facsimile: (512) 477-3580

 SBN: 24041834

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

EVERTON ROXROY BAILEY, JR.
27

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of Appellant’s Brief on Original

Appeal was delivered, via e-file, to the Williamson County District Attorney’s 

Office on this the 1st day of October, 2015.

/s/ Dal Ruggles 

Dal Ruggles

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

I hereby certify that this brief contains 5,442 words, as calculated by the 

word count function on my computer.

/s/ Dal Ruggles 

Dal Ruggles