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S. HRG. 111–1022 

HEARING TO CONSIDER THE NOMINATIONS OF 

ELISABETH HAGEN, M.D., CATHERINE E. 

WOTEKI, SARA LOUISE FAIVRE-DAVIS, LOWELL 

LEE JUNKINS, AND MYLES J. WATTS, FOR 

RESPECTIVE POSITIONS WITH THE USDA AND 

FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION 

HEARING 

BEFORE THE

COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, 

NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY 

UNITED STATES SENATE 

ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS 

SECOND SESSION 

MAY 27, 2010 

Printed for the use of the 

Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 

( 

Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.agriculture.senate.gov 

COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY 

BLANCHE L. LINCOLN, Arkansas, Chairman 

PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont 

TOM HARKIN, Iowa 

KENT CONRAD, North Dakota 

MAX BAUCUS, Montana 

DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan 

E. BENJAMIN NELSON, Nebraska 

SHERROD BROWN, Ohio 

ROBERT CASEY, Jr., Pennsylvania 

AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota 

MICHAEL BENNET, Colorado 

KIRSTEN GILLIBRAND, New York 

SAXBY CHAMBLISS, Georgia 

RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana 

THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi 

MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky 

PAT ROBERTS, Kansas 

MIKE JOHANNS, Nebraska 

CHARLES GRASSLEY, Iowa 

JOHN THUNE, South Dakota 

JOHN CORNYN, Texas 

ROBERT HOLIFIELD, Majority Staff Director 

JESSICA L. WILLIAMS, Chief Clerk 

MARTHA SCOTT POINDEXTER, Minority Staff Director 

ANNE C. HAZLETT, Minority Chief Counsel 

(II) 

(III) 

C O N T E N T S 

Page 

HEARING(S): 

Hearing to Consider the Nominations of Elisabeth Hagen, M.D., Catherine 

E. Woteki, Sara Louise Faivre-Davis, Lowell Lee Junkins, and Myles J. 

Watts, for Respective Positions with the USDA and Federal Agricultural 

Mortgage Corporation .......................................................................................... 1 

Thursday, May 27, 2010 

STATEMENTS PRESENTED BY SENATORS 

Lincoln, Hon. Blanche L., U.S. Senator from the State of Arkansas, Chairman, Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry ................................ 1 

Casey, Hon. Robert P., Jr., U.S. Senator from the State of Pennsylvania ......... 2 

Panel I 

Faivre-Davis, Sara L., of Texas, to be a Member of the Board of Directors 

of the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation ........................................... 13 

Hagen, Elisabeth A. of Virginia, to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for 

Food Safety ........................................................................................................... 4 

Junkins, Lowell L., of Iowa, to be a Member of the Board of Directors 

of the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation ........................................... 13 

Watts, Myles J., of Montana, to be a Member of the Board of Directors 

of the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation ........................................... 14 

Woteki, Catherine E., of Washington, DC, to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics .............................................. 6 

APPENDIX 

PREPARED STATEMENTS: 

Baucus, Hon. Max ............................................................................................ 18 

Chambliss, Hon. Saxby .................................................................................... 19 

Cochran, Hon. Thad ......................................................................................... 21 

Gillibrand, Hon. Kirsten E. ............................................................................. 23 

Faivre-Davis, Sara L. ....................................................................................... 25 

Hagen, Elisabeth A. ......................................................................................... 27 

Junkins, Lowell L. ............................................................................................ 29 

Watts, Myles J. ................................................................................................. 31 

Woteki, Catherine E. ........................................................................................ 32 

QUESTION AND ANSWER: 

Lincoln, Hon. Blanche L.: 

Written questions for Elisabeth A. Hagen ..................................................... 39 

Written questions for Catherine E. Woteki .................................................... 60 

Chambliss, Hon. Saxby: 

Written questions for Sara L. Faivre-Davis ................................................... 38 

Written questions for Elisabeth A. Hagen ..................................................... 42 

Written questions for Lowell L. Junkins ........................................................ 56 

Written questions for Myles J. Watts ............................................................. 59 

Written questions for Catherine E. Woteki .................................................... 61 

Harkin, Hon. Tom: 

Written questions for Elisabeth A. Hagen ..................................................... 43 

Page

IV 

Harkin, Hon. Tom—Continued 

Written questions for Catherine E. Woteki .................................................... 62 

Stabenow, Hon. Debbie: 

Written questions for Elisabeth A. Hagen ..................................................... 44 

Written questions for Catherine E. Woteki .................................................... 66 

Gillibrand, Hon. Kirsten: 

Written questions for Elisabeth A. Hagen ..................................................... 47 

Cochran, Hon. Thad: 

Written questions for Elisabeth A. Hagen ..................................................... 52 

Written questions for Catherine E. Woteki .................................................... 68 

Roberts, Hon. Pat: 

Written questions for Elisabeth A. Hagen ..................................................... 52 

Written questions for Catherine E. Woteki .................................................... 69 

Grassley, Hon. Charles E.: 

Written questions for Elisabeth A. Hagen ..................................................... 54 

Written questions for Catherine E. Woteki .................................................... 71 

Casey, Hon. Robert P., Jr.: 

Written questions for Catherine E. Woteki .................................................... 66 

Faivre-Davis, Sara L.: 

Written response to questions from Hon. Saxby Chambliss ......................... 38 

Hagen, Elisabeth A.: 

Written response to questions from Hon. Blanche L. Lincoln ...................... 39 

Written response to questions from Hon. Saxby Chambliss ......................... 42 

Written response to questions from Hon. Tom Harkin ................................. 44 

Written response to questions from Hon. Debbie Stabenow ......................... 45 

Written response to questions from Hon. Kirsten Gillibrand ....................... 47 

Written response to questions from Hon. Thad Cochran .............................. 52 

Written response to questions from Hon. Pat Roberts .................................. 52 

Written response to questions from Hon. Charles E. Grassley .................... 54 

Junkins, Lowell L.: 

Written response to questions from Hon. Saxby Chambliss ......................... 56 

Watts, Myles J.: 

Written response to questions from Hon. Saxby Chambliss ......................... 59 

Woteki, Catherine E.: 

Written response to questions from Hon. Blanche L. Lincoln ...................... 60 

Written response to questions from Hon. Saxby Chambliss ......................... 61 

Written response to questions from Hon. Tom Harkin ................................. 63 

Written response to questions from Hon. Debbie Stabenow ......................... 66 

Written response to questions from Hon. Thad Cochran .............................. 68 

Written response to questions from Hon. Pat Roberts .................................. 69 

Written response to questions from Hon. Charles E. Grassley .................... 71 

Written response to questions from Hon. Robert P. Casey Jr. ..................... 67 

DOCUMENT(S) SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD: 

Public 5 day letter, Committee questionnaire and Office of Government 

Ethics Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report 

filed by Sara Louise Faivre-Davis ............................................................... 74 

Public 5 day letter, Committee questionnaire and Office of Government 

Ethics Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report 

filed by Elisabeth Hagen .............................................................................. 112 

Public 5 day letter, Committee questionnaire and Office of Government 

Ethics Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report 

filed by Lowell Lee Junkins ......................................................................... 129 

Public 5 day letter with amendment, Committee questionnaire and Office 

of Government Ethics Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial 

Disclosure Report filed by Myles J. Watts .................................................. 135 

Public 5 day letter, Committee questionnaire and Office of Government 

Ethics Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report 

filed by Catherine E. Woteki ........................................................................ 189 

(1) 

HEARING TO CONSIDER THE NOMINATIONS 

OF ELISABETH HAGEN, M.D., CATHERINE E. 

WOTEKI, SARA LOUISE FAIVRE-DAVIS, LOWELL LEE JUNKINS, AND MYLES J. WATTS, 

FOR RESPECTIVE POSITIONS WITH THE 

USDA AND FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION 

Thursday, May 27, 2010 

UNITED STATES SENATE, COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY, Washington, DC 

The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:30 a.m., in Room 

328A, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. Blanche Lincoln, Chairman of the committee, presiding. 

Present or submitting a statement: Senators Lincoln, Casey, 

Chambliss, Baucus, Gillibrand, Klobuchar and Lugar. 

STATEMENT OF HON. BLANCHE L. LINCOLN, U.S. SENATOR 

FROM THE STATE OF ARKANSAS, CHAIRMAN, COMMITTEE 

ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY 

Chairman LINCOLN. Good morning. It is a pleasure to bring the 

committee together today for a hearing that is critically important 

to my home State of Arkansas and the whole country. The committee is considering five nominations for positions of vital importance to all Arkansans and all Americans who produce, process, or 

consume agricultural products and who care about and invest in 

our rural economy. 

One of the Senate’s key constitutional obligations is to advise 

and give consent on nominations, and we take this job very seriously, not only because our system of checks and balances is so important, but because the sooner we confirm qualified members and 

nominees, the sooner they can go to work. 

Before I get to the introductions, I want to welcome all of our 

nominees, their families and friends to the committee today. I also 

want my congratulations for your respective nominations, which 

represent the hard work, the academic achievement, the experience 

and standard of professional excellence demanded of these positions, and we are grateful that you are willing to offer yourself for 

public service in these important capacities. 

Today, we will have two panels and we will be under a time 

crunch, knowing that there are going to be votes on the floor. I will 

introduce the first panel from USDA and then proceed with openVerDate Nov 24 2008 04:21 Jul 28, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\66270.TXT MICHA
2 

ing statements and questions. We will proceed to the second panel 

with the same format. In the interest of time, I should ask each 

witness to briefly summarize their statement, as your full statement will be made a part of the committee’s record. 

I would like to recognize Senator Casey, who is going to introduce Dr. Hagen. 

STATEMENT OF HON. ROBERT P. CASEY, JR., U.S. SENATOR 

FROM THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA 

Senator CASEY. Thanks, Madam Chair. We are grateful to have 

this opportunity. There are some Pennsylvania connections here, as 

you can imagine. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Yes. 

Senator CASEY. But I wanted to just briefly review Dr. Hagen’s 

record. She is the Chief Medical Officer in the United States Department of Agriculture’s Office of Food Safety, where she advises 

the USDA missionaries on human health matters, including food 

safety, nutrition, and other matters. She was previously in the 

USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service helping to oversee the 

scientific agenda for meat and poultry inspection as well as public 

health at the Department. 

Before joining the Federal Government in 2006, she worked in 

private practice in the academic sectors, specializing in infectious 

disease and internal medicine. She holds her medical degree from 

Harvard Medical School and a Bachelor of Science degree from St. 

Joseph’s University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. My daughter is 

a student there, so I wanted to make sure we highlighted that, as 

well. 

Dr. Hagen completed her specialty medical training at the University of Texas-Southwestern and the University of Pennsylvania. 

She is board certified in infectious disease. She was drawn to community service while she was in college at St. Joe’s. She became 

involved with multiple service projects in inner-city Philadelphia as 

well as in Mexico. She spent one year as a post-graduate volunteer 

in Central America, where she deferred her admission to Harvard 

Medical School. She lived in an orphanage in rural Honduras, 

working in the clinic there providing health care to children in the 

surrounding villages. 

We are so grateful that she has been willing to put herself for 

public service. I know that her mom and dad, Jim and Ann, are 

here. We are grateful for their presence. I won’t go through all family members, but we are so grateful that she is continuing her public service. 

I could say a lot more, but in the interest of time, I know we 

have to move forward. Dr. Hagen, thank you very much. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Thank you, Senator Casey. 

Having met with Dr. Hagen and being married to a research 

physician, it was a great opportunity to get to know her better and 

understand the importance of the mission of USDA. There is no 

greater mission, quite frankly, than maintaining the safety of our 

nation’s commercial meat, poultry, and egg product supply. With 

recent highly publicized food safety incidents, I think, creating fear 

and uncertainty, keeping the public’s faith in the integrity of our 

food system will require increased coordination with all relevant 

3 

agencies, especially FDA, and it is going to require certainly the 

diligence and effective use of all the tools at the Service’s disposal, 

including the rulemaking to implement new authorities created by 

Congress. 

As Dr. Hagen knows, I look forward to the USDA’s catfish inspection rule that was mandated months ago in the 2008 farm bill. 

We look forward to working with the agency. 

Dr. Catherine Woteki is nominated by the President to fill the 

position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, 

and Economics. She has previously served as Under Secretary of 

Agriculture for Food Safety, as Dean of Agriculture at Iowa State 

University, and most recently as Global Director of Scientific Affairs at Mars, Incorporated, a major confectionery and food manufacturer headquartered at McLean, Virginia. 

If confirmed, Dr. Woteki would be in charge of four different 

agencies at USDA, each with complementary missions. The National Institute of Food and Agriculture is charged with providing 

linkages between USDA and land grant- based agricultural education and research programs. We all here on the Agriculture Committee have great respect for those land grant agricultural education institutions, as well as the highly regarded State Cooperation Extension System, which many of us grew up in. 

So the Agricultural Research Service has responsibility for conducting intramural agricultural research in areas such as crop and 

livestock production, crop protection, food safety, and water efficiency and usage. The National Agricultural Statistics Service is 

charged with collecting and publishing on a timely basis data on 

the state of the U.S. agricultural economy. And finally, the Economic Research Service is charged with providing information and 

analysis on agriculture, food, the natural environment, and rural 

development issues. It sounds like an awful lot to be on your plate, 

Dr. Woteki. 

Ranking Member Chambliss is not able to be with us today, but 

he has provided a statement that will be included in the record. 

[The prepared statement of Senator Chambliss can be found on 

page 19 in the appendix.] 

Chairman LINCOLN. If we can, we will move to the witnesses’ testimony, unless there are other comments from the members that 

are here today. 

Senator KLOBUCHAR. Madam Chair, I just want to thank you for 

your leadership in these two areas, with not just food safety, but 

also nutrition. I hope Dr. Woteki touches on that. I met with Dr. 

Hagen and was very impressed. As you know, I believe that one of 

our number one goals this summer should be to pass the food safety bill, the bipartisan bill in the Senate. We have worked so hard 

on that and Minnesota plays a role in that we caught both of the 

recent foodborne illness issues, the jalapeno peppers as well as the 

peanut butter, and it didn’t get solved until someone got sick or 

died in Minnesota. While I am proud of our work, I think we need 

to use that model more across the country so that we can save 

more lives and do a better job with food inspections and look forward to hearing from you, Dr. Hagen. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Great. We all do agree that food safety is 

something we have to get done. 

4 

Of course, Senator Lugar is joining us today. He is certainly one 

of my mentors and many others in terms of both his involvement 

with dealing with hunger, but also food safety and so many other 

issues, and we appreciate it. 

Before we begin the testimony, we need to swear in the witnesses, if you all will please rise and raise your right hand. 

Do you swear that the testimony you are about to present is the 

truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth? 

Dr. HAGEN. I do. 

Ms. WOTEKI. I do. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Secondly, do you agree that, if confirmed, 

you will appear before any duly constituted committee of Congress 

if asked? 

Dr. HAGEN. I do. 

Ms. WOTEKI. I do. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Great. Thank you very much, and if you all 

would please proceed to your testimony. Dr. Hagen? 

TESTIMONY OF ELISABETH A. HAGEN, M.D., OF VIRGINIA, 

NOMINEE TO BE UNDER SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE FOR 

FOOD SAFETY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

Dr. HAGEN. Thank you, and good morning. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Good morning. 

Dr. HAGEN. Madam Chairman and members of the committee, I 

thank you for inviting me here to testify today. It is a great honor 

to be nominated by President Obama to be the Under Secretary for 

Food Safety at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and to have Secretary Vilsack place his confidence in me to lead this crucial mission. Thank you, Senator, for your kind words and for the great 

work that you do for the people of Pennsylvania and the nation. 

There are a host of reasons why I hope to serve in this position. 

First and foremost, I truly believe in the critical public health mission of the Food Safety and Inspection Service, FSIS. To me, there 

are no functions of government more important than those that 

protect the safety of its people. FSIS is responsible for ensuring 

that tens of billions of pounds of meats, poultry, and processed egg 

products each year are safe and properly labeled. The work of this 

agency has a profound impact on public health, and if confirmed, 

I will take very seriously this responsibility to protect consumers. 

As the mother of two young children, I know that mix of hope 

and worry that all parents experience as we try to give our kids 

everything they need to lead happy and healthy lives. Like parents 

everywhere, I am hard-wired to protect my kids from harm. So for 

me and for all of us, the idea that something so fundamental as 

feeding our children could actually harm them is frightening. 

But yet thousands of families each year experience this awful reality. They watch as their children become gravely ill and even die 

from contaminated food. As a mom, it is hard to comprehend the 

unspeakable pain of losing a child to foodborne illness. These stories of family heartbreak bring into sharp focus the importance of 

the food safety mission at USDA. 

My background and experience in medicine, public health, and 

food safety has prepared me to lead an agency responsible for the 

safety of a large portion of the food supply. The work performed by 

5 

FSIS is integrally linked to science and public health, and understanding pathogens like salmonella and E. coli and their impact on 

health is an essential first step. 

I have been a student of human microbe interactions in various 

ways for over half of my life, first as an undergraduate researcher, 

then as a volunteer in Honduras, where I ran a small rural clinical 

laboratory, later in my medical subspecialty training and practice, 

and more recently in the Office of Public Health Science at FSIS, 

where my work included oversight of the laboratory system, testing 

programs, and outbreak investigations. 

As an internist and infectious disease specialist, I have led clinical research on infection risks in cancer and transplant patients, 

and I have personally treated and cared for many victims of 

foodborne illness and I know very well how these pathogens can 

devastate the human body and shatter families. 

Since 2006, it has been my privilege to work for USDA’s Food 

Safety and Inspection Service. I understand well the challenges of 

pathogen reduction and the hazards associated with the production 

of meat and poultry. As a public health and science leader at FSIS, 

I have played a major role in efforts to address emerging issues, 

to improve outbreak investigations, and to communicate risk effectively. If confirmed, I look forward to using this experience to build 

strong science-based public health policy. 

A growing chorus of support for food safety reform from consumers, public health partners, and industry in recent years tells 

us that we have a historic opportunity to make real progress. President Obama made clear his commitment with the creation of the 

Food Safety Working Group in 2009. This effort put the Federal 

Government on a path toward a system anchored in prevention, 

improved inspection and enforcement, and more rapid response to 

outbreaks. 

Leading the charge at USDA is Secretary Vilsack, who is committed to driving down rates of foodborne illness. He has directed 

FSIS to review from top to bottom its entire system for ensuring 

food safety. If confirmed, I will hold us to the Secretary’s commitment. We will need to ask the hard questions, to build upon our 

successes, to acknowledge our failures, and look to the science to 

move us forward. 

We thoroughly face challenges and there is more to do. But regardless of these challenges, consumers rightfully expect that the 

food they put on their tables will be safe. Recurrent outbreaks from 

contaminated food endanger not only the public’s health, but their 

trust. We can and we must do better. If confirmed, I assure you 

that I will work every day with that as my mandate. 

Lastly, I would like to say that Secretary Vilsack has made clear 

his commitment to civil rights and to a USDA where employment 

and program practices are fair and open to all. I share Secretary 

Vilsack’s commitment and, if confirmed, will not tolerate discrimination in any form in the food safety mission area at USDA. 

I would again like to thank you, Madam Chairman and members 

of the committee, for the opportunity to appear here today. If confirmed, I look forward to working with each of you and I pledge to 

you that I will be open and responsive to your concerns. This nomiVerDate Nov 24 2008 04:21 Jul 28, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\66270.TXT MICHA
6 

nation by the President is truly humbling and it would be my great 

honor to serve. 

Finally, I would like to thank my husband, Dan, whose love and 

partnership make all things possible for me and our family, for my 

mom and dad for their lifetime of unconditional support, and my 

children, Ned and Nora, who remind me every day why all this 

matters so very much. 

Thank you. 

[The prepared statement of Dr. Hagen can be found on page 27 

in the appendix.] 

Chairman LINCOLN. Thank you so much, Dr. Hagen. 

Dr. Woteki? 

TESTIMONY OF CATHERINE E. WOTEKI, OF WASHINGTON, DC, 

NOMINEE TO BE UNDER SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE FOR 

RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND ECONOMICS, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

Ms. WOTEKI. Good morning, Madam Chairman and members of 

the committee. I am pleased to appear before you today as President Obama’s nominee to the position of Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 

Since I left government service nine years ago, I have had the 

opportunity to spend a lot of time talking with students, high 

school students who are thinking about what they want to do with 

the rest of their lives and college students, and to talk to them 

about their career aspirations as well as what is worrying them— 

concern about their families, their communities, and their general 

concerns about the future of the planet. 

I steered them to consider studying the agricultural sciences 

based on my firm belief in the importance of the agricultural 

sciences to America’s future. Our economic energy and national security rely on them. The healthfulness and safety of our food supply relies on these sciences, and the quality of our environment. 

And also on recognition that the world looks to America’s research 

as necessary for international food security. 

The Food Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 also recognized 

the central importance of agricultural research, education, and extension and set a new course for USDA’s science and education programs. Much has been done since enactment of that law and much 

remains to be done. 

If confirmed, I look forward to working with Secretary Vilsack 

and with Dr. Roger Beachy, head of the National Institute of Food 

and Agriculture and a world renowned expert in plant biology, to 

fulfill the Congress’s vision to advance knowledge for agriculture, 

the environment, human health and well-being, and communities 

through integrated research, education, and extension programs. 

I would also look forward to fulfilling the responsibilities of the 

Chief Scientist, assuring that Secretary Vilsack and President 

Obama receive scientific advice to inform their policy decisions and 

assuring the efficient use of resources, knowledge sharing, and cooperation across agencies and the Federal Government. 

Should I be confirmed, I will bring to this position dedication to 

scientific excellence, a track record of contribution to science-based 

7 

policies, a focus on science- based solutions, commitment to an efficient infrastructure, and experience in administering large, complex programs. 

The agencies in the REE mission area are recognized globally as 

centers of excellence in their respective scientific fields. ARS is 

ranked as the premier agricultural research institution in the 

world, and our land grant university system is recognized as an engine of economic growth in each of the States in which the land 

grant universities are also providing a source of fundamental and 

applied knowledge that is of such importance to the citizens of 

those States. If confirmed to the position of Under Secretary for 

REE, my highest priority will be maintaining and enhancing the 

excellence of these programs and agencies. 

I would also bring to this position a track record of contributing 

to science-based policy decisions. I am committed to obtaining the 

highest impact we can achieve from the investment that the American people make in agricultural research and to assure that the 

research infrastructure is efficient and responsive to farmers’ 

needs. That means focusing on our country’s highest priorities, 

leveraging external resources, and providing oversight to assure 

that the REE agencies are following through on their plans and on 

their commitments. If confirmed, I will continue to place very high 

priority on crop, livestock, and production systems research that 

our farmers rely on and to enhance the partnerships with universities and Federal agencies that will assure future success for 

American farmers and rural communities. 

Finally, I bring an extensive experience in administering large, 

complex research organizations. The agenda for change that is laid 

out in the 2008 farm bill has much yet to be done, and should I 

be confirmed, I am committed to seeing its vision for the future accomplished in an efficient as well as a transparent manner. 

Madam Chairman, I want to conclude by thanking President 

Obama and Secretary Vilsack for their confidence in me and by 

thanking you and the members of this committee for the opportunity to appear before you today. 

I would also like to thank my family. My mother, Regina O’Connor, is here with me. My husband and my father, unfortunately, 

are not able to be here today, but I have a number of friends in 

the audience, as well. I want to thank them for their support and 

encouragement. 

I also look forward to answering any questions you may have. 

Thank you. 

[The prepared statement of Ms. Woteki can be found on page 32 

in the appendix.] 

Chairman LINCOLN. Thank you, Dr. Woteki, and again, the committee would like to welcome your family members and supporters, 

as well. I noticed the two youngest have been extremely well behaved and that is quite a compliment, quite a compliment. 

Just two brief questions from me, one for each of you all, and 

then I will turn to my colleagues on the committee. 

Dr. Hagen, I know this won’t come as a surprise. The FDA has 

been inspecting only roughly two percent of catfish that is entering 

the country. There are numerous examples of fish from other countries failing inspection and being denied entry into the U.S. I beVerDate Nov 24 2008 04:21 Jul 28, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\66270.TXT MICHA
8 

lieve that this is one of the more pressing food safety concerns that 

exists right now, certainly for that category, but certainly a precedent for others, as well. 

In the 2008 farm bill, catfish inspection regulations were authorized to move to FSIS. What is the status of the regulations to begin 

these inspections and what do you believe you can do or intend to 

do to address the development of regulations regarding that catfish 

inspection? 

Dr. HAGEN. Thank you, Senator, for your question, and I know 

that this is an important issue to you and to your State and really 

to other members of the committee. As you state, statutory authority was transferred from FDA to USDA with the 2008 farm bill regarding the inspection of catfish. FSIS is responsible for establishing the regulations to make catfish an amenable species under 

the Federal Meat Inspection Act and has developed a proposed rule 

which is, as I understand, with the Office of Management and 

Budget right now under review. 

I know that USDA has not met your expectations and has not 

met the expectations of Congress in terms of meeting the deadline. 

That deadline has come and gone. And I assure you that if I am 

confirmed, it will be a highest priority to immediately review where 

we are on this and to move that regulation forward. 

Chairman LINCOLN. I appreciate that, and I do share your concern that food safety is a critical issue. With two boys, I have that 

same reminder at home, of how important it is to all of our families, so I thank you. Thank you, Dr. Hagen. 

Dr. Woteki, the farm bill mandated REE reorganization, the creation of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. How do you 

see the future opportunities to support and expand the base funding for land grant institutions? I know many of us have really great 

interest in that. 

Dr. WOTEKI. Are you referring, Senator, to the formula funds? 

Chairman LINCOLN. Yes. 

Dr. WOTEKI. Well, the formula funds are very important to the 

land grant university system and to the long-term partnership that 

exists between the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the land 

grant universities. The funds provide for broad-based capacity and 

they support that capacity both for agriculture at the local and 

State as well as regional level and also related sciences in the natural resources area. They facilitate rapid response. They provide 

for a way of facilitating multi-university, multi- institutional collaborations. So they are very important for maintaining the infrastructure within our system of agriculture and natural resources 

research, education, and economics. 

My commitment is to maintaining the formula funding because 

it is such an important part of our agricultural research, education, 

and extension infrastructure. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Well, it certainly is, and I know that many 

of us from States with land grant institutions feel that. We oftentimes have to supplement it and work hard to find extra dollars to 

be able to meet those needs. So certainly the support is important, 

but looking for ways to expand the base of that funding and how 

we can get more out there to help these land grant institutions continue their good work is a great opportunity. Thank you very much. 

9 

I will turn now to Senator Casey. 

Senator CASEY. Thank you very much. 

Dr. Hagen, I wanted to ask you about a bill I introduced with 

Senator Grassley, the Eat Safe Act. It is a bill we have introduced 

in this session of Congress and the focus of that is on smuggled 

food. In particular, one of the authorizations in the bill is $10 million for USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service to increase the 

number of full-time field investigators and surveillance officers and 

others that do that kind of work. 

I just wanted to get your sense of where we are, even prior to 

the passage of that kind of legislation, where we are as it relates 

to those kinds of efforts at the border to try to prevent smuggling, 

the entry of foods that might be unsafe from beyond the United 

States borders, and what you think we can do even prior to the 

passage of that kind of legislation to deal with this challenge. 

Dr. HAGEN. Thank you for your question, Senator. You know, I 

think the issue that you raise is really the importance of the safety 

of our food consumed here regardless of where it is produced or 

processed. I think Americans want to know that what they put on 

their tables is safe, and there is a growing concern about the safety 

of imported products, that which is brought in legally and illegally. 

It is absolutely critical that we maintain a robust system for the 

inspection and safety of imports. Right now, USDA has a system 

that requires an equivalency system for any government, any country that wants to export to the United States, that that system be 

approved and audited by FSIS and that the product is periodically 

reinspected and tested at the border. This is very important, and 

maintaining a robust import inspection system will be of a high 

priority for me. 

Obviously, whatever needs to be done in terms of enhanced enforcement and to prevent smuggled food from getting in and from 

putting American consumers at risk, anything that could be done 

to improve that is something that I would be interested in talking 

about and helping to move forward. 

Senator CASEY. Part of the problem, I guess, is coordination, too. 

We have got a number of Federal agencies that have some jurisdiction or responsibility. We could talk more about that. I know we 

are short on time. 

I did want to ask you, as well, about—and based upon your work 

at USDA, do you have any recommendations as to how we can improve technical assistance for small meat facilities. You have got 

some background in this. I just want to get your sense of that. I 

know we are limited on time. 

Dr. HAGEN. Thank you for that question, Senator, and it is an 

important question. I think USDA has a commitment to producers 

and processors of all sizes and all scopes. The ‘‘Know Your Farmer, 

Know Your Food’’ campaign program is really all about connecting 

consumers with the farmers and ranchers that produce their food, 

and I think anything that does that is the way that we should be 

going. 

There is an entire office at USDA that has as its mission outreach to small and very small establishments. They have recently 

published some guidance documents on custom mobile slaughter 

units to allow local producers to be able to slaughter their products 

10 

and get them out. There is a provision in the 2008 farm bill that 

instructs USDA to establish regulations about interstate shipment, 

interstate commerce. It establishes a new program that would 

allow producers who are currently under State meat and poultry 

inspection programs to actually obtain the Federal Market Inspection and be able to ship their products across State lines. So I 

think things like this are very important. 

I certainly understand that people are really interested in where 

their food comes from, how it is grown, and are increasingly interested in locally produced food. Anything that we can do to support 

farmers, ranchers, producers, processors of all sizes is something 

that I want to see happen at USDA. 

Senator CASEY. Thank you, and Dr. Woteki, I will be maybe submitting some questions for the record. I know we are limited on 

time, and thank you for your work, as well. 

Dr. Hagen, I didn’t mention that your husband, Dan, is here, and 

that you met at the University of Pennsylvania. I just want to 

make that part of the record. 

[Laughter.] 

Chairman LINCOLN. That sounds very romantic. 

[Laughter.] 

Chairman LINCOLN. Senator Klobuchar. 

Senator KLOBUCHAR. Thank you very much, and thank you both 

for being here. I really appreciate it. 

We have this bill, as you know, Dr. Hagen, on food safety. It is 

Senator Durbin’s bill. Eight of us were original authors. Could you 

talk a little bit about what you see as the holes in the food safety 

system right now, what you think the most glaring problems are 

that need to be fixed? 

Dr. HAGEN. Thank you for your question, Senator. I think that 

better coordination and collaboration across all the agencies that 

regulate food is essential. I think that there would be less talk 

about what kind of food safety system do we need, do we need one 

agency, do we need multiple agencies, if the public perceived that 

the system we have is working as well as it could be. So I think 

increased collaboration and communications that we have a system 

that appears to be seamless to the public is really what we need. 

There are a couple of particular issues right now that remind us 

that we need to be vigilant about the food supply and think about 

ways to continue to improve its safety. There is certainly a growing 

concern about the safety of imported products, and I can understand why that exists. There is a concern about intentional contamination. We do live in a world now where intentional contamination is a reality and our food safety policies have to address both 

unintentional and intentional contamination of the food supply. 

We have a growing at-risk population for foodborne illness, with 

the aging of the population, more individuals who are 

immunosuppressed because of medical conditions and treatment. 

And we have changes in consumption practices, changes in the way 

that people prepare their food. They dine out more often, things 

like that. 

So I think we have a number of particular challenges right now 

that remind us that this is the time to continue to be vigilant and 

11 

to think about how to move this modern food safety system forward. 

Senator KLOBUCHAR. Right. We just saw on the front page of our 

people today four people very sick, including a toddler, from E. coli 

in raw milk. It actually wasn’t sold in the stores, but was sold directly from a place. So there are just a lot of issues going on right 

now, so I appreciate your expertise. 

You mentioned the food coming in from out of the country. What 

role does the Food Safety and Inspection Service play in making 

sure these products are safe? 

Dr. HAGEN. Thank you, Senator. As I mentioned when Senator 

Casey talked about smuggled food, the USDA plays a very important role here. FSIS has a strong, stringent set of standards for imported products. Foreign governments, foreign countries have to 

meet equivalency standards in the United States. They have to 

have a system that has been approved and certified as equivalent 

to that which we use here in the United States to process and 

produce food. Those systems are audited on a regular basis, and a 

significant portion of food is reinspected and actually retested at 

the border coming in to ensure that everything consumed here in 

the United States, regardless of where it is produced, is safe. 

Senator KLOBUCHAR. And one last question. Are you aware of the 

work that the University of Minnesota and the School of Public 

Health do in this model, where in these last two outbreaks, it 

wasn’t caught by CDC or FDA or NIH. It was caught by what they 

call ‘‘Team Diarrhea’’ at the University of Minnesota and the 

School of Public Health, and do you think the rest of the country 

could benefit from that model? 

Dr. HAGEN. Yes, Senator. Actually, I am well aware of Team Diarrhea. That is a really catchy name. 

[Laughter.] 

Dr. HAGEN. But it is a system and a program that works. It has 

been working for years, where they utilize the interest and the enthusiasm of public health students there at the University of Minnesota and they do things in this collaborative way and really get 

to the bottom of things quickly. So Minnesota, I think we all know, 

is really quite a star, quite a standout in the world of public health 

and there are lots of lessons that we could all learn from the way 

that they do things and their excellent public health system. 

Senator KLOBUCHAR. And again, for us, we just would rather not 

have had Jeff Almer’s mom die if there was a national system 

which could have been set up—which, by the way, the Minnesota 

system isn’t even that expensive; it uses graduate students—if we 

could have set it up to be more immediate when we see these 

foodborne illnesses. So that is going to be part of this bill. Senator 

Chambliss and I have an amendment. 

I should turn it over to the Chair. Thank you. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Thanks. 

Senator Lugar, the vote has been called; so we will let Senator 

Lugar go and then the rest of the members—— 

Senator LUGAR. I will just summarize, because Senator Casey 

has hit the point about the small food processors. I think we are 

all hearing from these. I would hope that, Dr. Hagen, in your application of the new responsibilities that you took a look at firms of 

12 

all sizes and the particular problems that they have, because there 

is some concern by the small processors that these new regulations 

impinge unduly on their progress. Whether that is justified or not, 

it is at least the feeling of some processors in Indiana, so I ask for 

your thoughts about that. 

Dr. Woteki, I am interested, as perhaps you are, in the argument 

worldwide about genetically modified seed, fertilizer. The problems 

of opposition by European countries have made the problems of Africa a great deal more difficult. As a matter of fact, arguments 

occur in our own country about the efficacy of this. I am hopeful 

that your experience in this area will be very helpful with regard 

to seed production that will make American agriculture more productive, as we have seen on my own farm in a generation or two, 

as well as throughout the world in leadership that we offer. 

I trust, given the background of both of you, that you are sensitive to these issues. I will not dwell upon this, Madam Chairman, 

particularly in view of our other responsibilities to vote, which we 

must now do. But we thank you for your leadership and look forward to working with you. 

Dr. HAGEN. Thank you, Senator. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Thank you, Senator Lugar. And certainly 

the record is open for members to submit questions and for other 

statements, as well, so I want to make sure the members know 

that. 

Thanks to both of you. Thanks, Dr. Hagen, Dr. Woteki. We appreciate you being here and your testimony today and, more importantly, your willingness for public service. We are grateful. So we 

will excuse you now. 

I will ask the witnesses—I am going to try to do this kind of 

quickly. The vote has been called over there. But we will excuse 

you all and ask the witnesses on the second panel to come forward 

and be sworn in. 

For the sake of time, I am going to go ahead and begin and just 

introduce you all, if I might. I am very pleased to introduce the 

three nominees to the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation 

Board of Directors. 

Dr. Sara Davis was raised on her family’s dairy farm— dairy, 

corn, and soybean farm, I believe. After earning a Ph.D. in genetics, Dr. Davis held research and faculty positions before starting 

two livestock genetics companies. Currently, she owns and manages Wild Type Ranch in central Texas with her husband. Wild 

Type Ranch produces registered Red Angus and Black Angus 

breeding stock. Welcome. 

Mr. Lowell Junkins currently serves as the Vice Chairman and 

Acting Chairman of the Farmer Mac Board of Directors. He was 

first appointed by President Clinton in 1996 and reappointed by 

President Bush in 2003. In addition to a career in public service 

that included mayor and State Senator, he has managed his private businesses, including Hillcrest Farms, for more than 40 years. 

He is also President of Integrated Energy Company, which provides 

leading-edge development of biomass energy production. Welcome, 

Mr. Junkins. 

And finally, Dr. Myles Watts is a professor in the Department of 

Agricultural Economics at Montana State University. After receivVerDate Nov 24 2008 04:21 Jul 28, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\66270.TXT MICHA
13 

ing a Ph.D. at the University of Nebraska, he joined the Montana 

State faculty in 1978, served as department head for 17 years, and 

his current responsibilities include classroom teaching, research, 

and outreach education. His family still owns and operates the cattle and wheat ranch where he was raised in Southeastern Montana. 

Farmer Mac is extremely important to the rural and agricultural 

sectors. Farmer Mac is part of the Farm Credit System and is in 

the business of creating a secondary market for agricultural and 

rural loans. Farmer Mac provides liquidity to Farm Credit institutions and banks which originate agricultural and rural loans. 

Farmer Mac’s financial position has improved dramatically in the 

last 12 months. After a net loss in 2008, it was reassuring to see 

Farmer Mac post a profit of $82 million in 2009. In addition, it was 

also reassuring to see Farmer Mac double its capital surplus to 

more than $200 million in January with the issuance of perpetual 

preferred stock. That, along with the decrease in non-performing 

assets, signals that Farmer Mac is moving in the right direction 

under Farmer Mac President Michael Gerber. 

I look forward to hearing each of the statements. We might ask 

you to shorten those as briefly as possible, and we will proceed 

with that. But before that testimony, if you will please rise and 

raise your right hand. 

Do you swear that the testimony you are about to present is the 

truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth? 

Ms. FAIVRE-DAVIS. I do. 

Mr. JUNKINS. I do. 

Dr. WATTS. I do. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Secondly, do you agree that, if confirmed, 

you will appear before any duly constituted committee of Congress 

if asked? 

Ms. FAIVRE-DAVIS. I do. 

Mr. JUNKINS. I do. 

Dr. WATTS. I do. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Great. Thank you. 

Please proceed with your testimony. Actually, if you all don’t 

mind, for the sake of time and the fact that we are going to have 

not one vote but seven votes, which means the committee will not 

be able to come back, if we can submit your testimony for the 

record, that will expedite an awful lot of things, and then I will just 

ask a couple of questions, if I may, and get those on the record. 

TESTIMONY OF SARA L. FAIVRE-DAVIS, OF TEXAS, NOMINEE 

TO BE A MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, FEDERAL 

AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION 

[The prepared statement of Ms. Faivre-Davis can be found on 

page 25 in the appendix.] 

TESTIMONY OF LOWELL LEE JUNKINS, OF IOWA, NOMINEE TO 

BE A MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Junkins can be found on page 29 

in the appendix.] 

14 

TESTIMONY OF MYLES J. WATTS, OF MONTANA, NOMINEE TO 

BE A MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Watts can be found on page 31 

in the appendix.] 

Chairman LINCOLN. To each of you all, perhaps, are there certain 

areas of agricultural finance where Farmer Mac should be more active? 

Mr. JUNKINS. Madam Chair, I think as we look forward, there 

are continuing areas where there needs to be more activity. I think 

the importance for Farmer Mac going forward, as has been important in the past, we have probably not done as well as we needed 

to with regard to focusing on the mission and then focusing on the 

right areas. It will change from time to time. 

So is there one specific one out there today? I don’t see one specific one, but I do believe, as we look at the dynamics of our future, 

that we are clearly at Farmer Mac going to have to stay abreast 

of the needs as they change. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Great. 

Dr. Davis. 

Ms. FAIVRE-DAVIS. Well, as an active producer who is attempting 

to actually make a living off of her property, I was thrilled to be 

appointed because the public appointees here, as Mr. Junkins suggested, really drive the mission, and I believe it is our responsibility to hold Farmer Mac to its mission. The importance of Farmer 

Mac in making credit available to farmers who are producers and 

to some of the other missions of rural agriculture are incredibly important and that would be where I would put my emphasis when 

I have a chance. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Great. Coming from a production agriculture 

family myself, I absolutely understand that. 

Dr. Watts, did you have a comment? 

Mr. WATTS. Yes, just a brief statement. Certainly, we need to 

honor the original intent of the Farmer Mac program and look to 

the legislation. But beyond that, we must understand the special 

credit needs of agriculture, that the biological process results in 

certain risks and certain fluctuations and flows that we don’t see 

in other sectors of the economy. And as a result, there are special 

banking and credit needs associated with that biological process. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Great. Thanks for bringing that up. 

I know just in this environment that we find ourselves in, having 

come through both this committee and on the floor with financial 

regulatory reform, do you believe Farmer Mac’s capital surplus of 

$200 million is sufficient? 

Mr. JUNKINS. I do, Madam Chair. I do believe that it is sufficient. 

I think, initially, it is sufficient. If we are going to fulfill the mission, though, that capital over a period of time is going to have to 

grow, as well as the opportunities for Farmer Mac to get into jurisdictions that they presently cannot, if we are to really fulfill what 

the smorgasbord of opportunities, maybe better put, the demands, 

are. Initially, the capital that we have today is okay, but with the 

demand that is pent up out there, that will not be enough capital 

for us to fulfill the kind of challenges that the mission will bring 

to us. 

15 

Chairman LINCOLN. All right. 

Mr. WATTS. I will be new, if confirmed, on the Farmer Mac 

Board, and so certainly I haven’t had the inside look yet. But I do 

believe that we have gone through a period of time that should 

make us particularly cognizant of the level of capital within the organization as well as other risk assessments, and that those risk 

assessments need to be done regularly and they need to be done 

rigorously and stress tests are only one part of those risk assessments. 

Chairman LINCOLN. Thank you. Well, certainly from your previous answer, as well, knowing that there are so many other specifics engaged in terms of production that you are supporting with 

that capital, it would make sense to certainly look towards the future of where that sufficiency should lie, and then—— 

Mr. WATTS. Yes, Senator. 

Chairman LINCOLN. —the presence of that capital requirement. 

Dr. Davis, did you have a comment? 

Ms. FAIVRE-DAVIS. Having access, of course, only to the public filings, but reading through the SEC filings, it just appears, even as 

an outsider, that what Farmer Mac has done to address its own 

risk needs and its own rules really are leading the way for the 

other GSEs in both stability and in accountability, and I think we 

are in a very good position currently. 

Chairman LINCOLN. That is great. 

I am going to thank you all for your testimony that has been submitted for the record. I am grateful. In order to make sure that we 

can get started on the votes on the floor, I am going to have to finish our hearing here today. But again, thank you for your testimony and I congratulate you on your nominations. And I am very 

grateful, again, for your willingness to serve in the public sector, 

in public service. 

Any questions for the record by members of the committee 

should be submitted to the Committee Clerk by 5:00 p.m. today. 

There may very well be questions of you all from members of the 

committee, and obviously their testimony will also be submitted for 

the record, so you will know and understand all of the concerns of 

the members of the committee that you may need to address. 

So again, thank you all. I appreciate your patience as well as 

your understanding of what happens here on Capitol Hill. We look 

forward to moving forward on these nominations. 

So thank you, and the committee is adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 10:23 a.m., the committee was adjourned.] 

(17) 

A P P E N D I X 

MAY 27, 2010 

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