# Patent

## Title
Economizer having damper modulation

## Abstract

A system having a mixed air box with inputs of return air from a space or spaces of a building, and of outside air. The mixed air box may have an output of discharge air to the space or spaces of the building. The air from the output may be return air that is conditioned with cooling, heat, or outside air. A damper may be situated at the input of outside air to the mixed air box. A temperature sensor may be positioned at the input for outside air and at the output of discharge air. A cooling mechanism may be at the output of the discharge air. The temperature sensor may be downstream from the cooling mechanism. An economizer may have connections with the damper, the temperature sensor and the cooling mechanism.

## Background
BACKGROUND
The present disclosure pertains to building air supply systems and particularly to heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.
SUMMARY
The disclosure reveals a system having a mixed air box with inputs of return air from a space or spaces of a building, and of outside air. The mixed air box may have an output of discharge air to the space or spaces of the building. The air from the output may be return air that is conditioned with cooling, heat, or outside air. A damper may be situated at the input of outside air to the mixed air box. A temperature sensor may be positioned at the input for outside air and at the output of discharge air. A cooling mechanism may be at the output of the discharge air. The temperature sensor may be downstream from the cooling mechanism. An economizer may have connections with the damper, the temperature sensor and the cooling mechanism.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system with an economizer having damper modulation based on an incorrectly located mixed air temperature sensor.



DESCRIPTION
The present system and approach may incorporate one or more processors, computers, controllers, user interfaces, wireless and/or wire connections, and/or the like, in an implementation described and/or shown herein.
This description may provide one or more illustrative and specific examples or ways of implementing the present system and approach. There may be numerous other examples or ways of implementing the system and approach.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system 10 having an economizer 11 with damper modulation based on an incorrectly located mixed air temperature sensor 28. An air mover 12, such as a fan, may draw mixed air 13 from a mixed air box 14 through mechanical cooling such as a cooling coil 15 and mechanical heating such as a heating coil 16 and out as discharge air 17 from duct 18 to one or more spaces 31 of a building. Return air 19 may be drawn in from the one or more spaces 31 of the building through a duct 21. A flow of return air 19 into mixed air box 14 may be controlled by a damper 22. Also outside air 23 may be drawn in through a duct 24 to mixed air box 14. There may be an outside air temperature (OAT) sensor 27 situated in duct 24. A flow of outside air 23 into mixed air box 14 may be controlled by a damper 25. For some economizers, there may be a mixed air temperature (MAT) sensor 26 correctly situated in mixed air box 14 and connected to economizer 11. However, for many economizers there may be a MAT sensor 28 incorrectly situated in discharge air area of duct 18. Sensor 28 may be regarded as a MAT sensor for connection to economizer 11. The present system 10 is designed to appropriately modulate damper 25 based on an incorrectly placed MAT sensor 28.
Some economizers may use outside air for cooling the building when the outside air is good for economizing. The economizers may modulate an outside air input damper 25 based on a temperature sensed by a mixed air temperature (MAT) sensor 26 in mixed air box 14. This approach may work when MAT sensor 26 is installed in mixed air box 14. However, a large percentage of installations may have a MAT sensor installed at an incorrect position in the equipment; for instance, MAT sensor 28 is in a discharge air area or duct 18. When outside air 23 is good for economizing and thus cooling, but air 23 not cool enough to meet demands of a space controller, the space controller may call for a second stage of cooling. Economizer 11 may turn on cooling coil 15 and MAT sensor 28 may start measuring a lower temperature because of an engaged cooling coil 15. This may cause economizer 11 to modulate outside air damper 25 towards a closed position thereby reducing an amount of free cooling energy harnessed.
Such a situation may appear no better or could be worse in California, where the California Title 24 law allows turning on mechanical cooling coil 15 only when damper 25 is fully open (i.e., outside air 23 has to be “good to economize”). Then when damper 25 is closing, the mechanical cooling coil 15 may be turned off, and, after some time, MAT sensor 28 may warm up again, and then damper 25 may be opened again and the mechanical cooling coil 15 may be reengaged. So the system may cycle in such manner.
The present system 10 may resolve an issue of an incorrectly placed MAT sensor 28 by implementing a control function at economizer 11. When outside air 23 is good to economize, then MAT sensor 28 without an engagement of cooling coil 15 cannot necessarily report a lower temperature than OAT sensor 27 because in mixed air box 14 there may be cool outside air 23 mixed with warm return air 19 from one or more spaces 31 of the building resulting in warmer mixed air 13 and discharge air 17. But whenever outside air 23 is good for economizing and a value from MAT sensor 28 is lower than a value from OAT sensor 27, the value from OAT sensor 27 may be provided as a basis for the control loop of economizer 11 for damper 25 instead of the value from the MAT sensor 28. Due to this, damper 25 may remain open even when mechanical cooling coil 15 is turned on thereby maximizing energy savings for the building.
Economizer 11 may have logic blocks that compare an OAT value from sensor 27 and a MAT value from sensor 28, and provide the OAT value to the control loop of economizer 11 for damper 25 if the MAT value is lower than OAT value.
To recap, a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system may incorporate a mixed air box, an outside air duct connected to the mixed air box, a return air duct connected to the mixed air box, a discharge air duct connected to the mixed air box, an air mover situated in the discharge air duct, a damper situated between the outside air duct and the mixed air box, a cooling coil situated in the discharge air duct downstream from the mixed air box, an outside air temperature sensor situated in the outside air duct, a mixed air temperature sensor situated in the discharge air duct downstream from the cooling coil, and an economizer connected to the damper, the cooling coil, the outside air temperature sensor and the mixed air temperature sensor.
The economizer may compare an outside air temperature from the outside air temperature sensor with a mixed air temperature from the mixed air temperature sensor, and if the mixed air temperature is lower than the outside air temperature, then modulation of the damper by the economizer may be based on the outside air temperature.
The cooling coil may be activated only when the damper is open.
Outside air may be good for economizing when the outside air can be used for cooling return air.
When the outside air is good for economizing and the mixed air temperature is lower than the outside air temperature, then economizer may modulate the damper to be open even when the cooling coil is activated.
If the mixed air temperature is higher than the outside air temperature, then the economizer may modulate the damper according to the mixed air temperature whether or not the outside air is good for economizing.
If the cooling coil is activated, then the economizer may modulate the damper to stay open.
When the outside air is good for economizing, the mixed air temperature cannot necessarily be lower than the outside air temperature without activation of the cooling coil if in the mixer air box there is outside air mixed with return air from the return air duct that is warmer than the outside air.
The discharge air duct and the return air duct may be connected to one or more spaces of a building.
An approach for modulating a damper of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, may incorporate connecting an outside air duct to a mixed air box, connecting a return air duct to the mixed air box, connecting a discharge air duct to the mixed air box, measuring a temperature of outside air moving through the outside air duct, measuring a temperature of discharge air moving from the mixed air box through the discharge air duct, comparing the temperature of the discharge air with the temperature of the outside air, and controlling movement of the outside air through the outside air duct to the mixed air box according to the temperature of the outside air if the temperature of the discharge air is lower than the temperature of the outside air.
Controlling movement of the outside air through the outside air duct may be effected by a position of a damper situated between the outside air duct and the mixed air box. The position of the damper may remain unchanged if the discharge air is being cooled.
The outside air may be good for economizing when the outside air can be used for cooling return air from the return air duct in the mixed air box.
If the temperature of the discharge air is higher than the temperature of the outside air, then the outside air through the outside air duct to the mixed air box may be controlled according to the temperature of the discharge air whether or not the outside air is good for economizing.
When the outside air is good for economizing, the temperature of the discharge air may be higher than the temperature of the outside air without cooling the discharge air if the outside air is mixed with return air in the mixed air box from the return air duct having a temperature higher than the temperature of the outside air.
The discharge air duct and the return air duct may be connected to a one or more spaces of the building.
A modulated damper mechanism may incorporate a first air duct, a second air duct, a third air duct, a mixed air chamber connected to the first, second and third air ducts; a damper situated between the second air duct and the mixed air chamber, a first air temperature sensor situated in the second air duct, a second air temperature sensor situated in the third air duct, an air cooling device situated in the third air duct between the mixed air box and the second air temperature sensor, and a controller connected to the damper, the air cooling device, and the first and second air temperature sensors.
The controller may compare a temperature of the first air temperature sensor with a temperature of the second air temperature sensor. If the temperature of the second air temperature sensor is lower than the temperature of the first air temperature sensor, then control of the damper may be based on the temperature of the first air temperature sensor.
If the temperature of the second air temperature sensor is higher than the temperature of the first air temperature sensor, then the controller may control the damper according to the temperature of the second air temperature sensor.
If the air cooling device is cooling air then the controller may control the damper to be open.
The first and third air ducts may be connected to one or more spaces of a building.
In the mechanism, the first air duct may be a return air duct, the second air duct may be an outside air duct, the third air duct may be a discharge air duct, and the controller may be an economizer.
Outside air may be good for economizing when the outside air can be used for cooling air from the first air duct, in the mixed air chamber.
In the present specification, some of the matter may be of a hypothetical or prophetic nature although stated in another manner or tense.
Although the present system and/or approach has been described with respect to at least one illustrative example, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification. It is therefore the intention that the appended claims be interpreted as broadly as possible in view of the related art to include all such variations and modifications.

## Claims

1. A heating, ventilation and air conditioning system comprising:
a mixed air box;
an outside air duct connected to the mixed air box;
a return air duct connected to the mixed air box;
a discharge air duct connected to the mixed air box;
an air mover situated in the discharge air duct;
a damper situated between the outside air duct and the mixed air box;
a cooling coil situated in the discharge air duct downstream from the mixed air box;
an outside air temperature sensor situated in the outside air duct;
a mixed air temperature sensor situated in the discharge air duct downstream from the cooling coil; and
an economizer connected to the damper, the cooling coil, the outside air temperature sensor and the mixed air temperature sensor; and
wherein:
the economizer compares an outside air temperature from the outside air temperature sensor with a mixed air temperature from the mixed air temperature sensor; and
if the mixed air temperature is lower than the outside air temperature, then modulation of the damper by the economizer is based on the outside air temperature.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the cooling coil can be activated only when the damper is open.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein outside air is used for economizing when the outside air can be used for cooling return air.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein when the outside air is used for economizing and the mixed air temperature is lower than the outside air temperature, then economizer can modulate the damper to be open even when the cooling coil is activated.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein if the mixed air temperature is higher than the outside air temperature, then the economizer will modulate the damper according to the mixed air temperature whether or not the outside air is used for economizing.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein if the cooling coil is activated, then the economizer will modulate the damper to stay open.

7. The system of claim 3, wherein when the outside air is used for economizing, the mixed air temperature cannot be lower than the outside air temperature without activation of the cooling coil if in the mixer air box there is outside air mixed with return air from the return air duct that is warmer than the outside air.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the discharge air duct and the return air duct are connected to one or more spaces of a building.