Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

PRODUCTION & FRAC WATER 

RECYCLING TRENDS 

AND 

FUTURE REQUIREMENTS

by Tom Lewis III
Cost Effective Solutions For .... 

Today’s Problems

WHO ARE WE...

• ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION

• COMPANY HAS TWO PATENTS - HEAVY METALS 

REMOVAL AND CYANIDE DESTRUCTION 

TECHNOLOGIES

• PATENT PENDING SHALE GAS WATER RECYCLING 

PROCESS

MISSION STATEMENT...

TO PROVIDE ITS CUSTOMERS WITH A “SINGLE POINT OF 

RESPONSIBILITY” TO IMPROVE SHALE GAS WATER 

MANAGEMENT BY IMPLEMENTING “GREEN “ SERVICES 

AND TECHNOLOGIES ENABLING RESOURCE RECOVERY, 

WATER RECYCLING AND ECONOMIC SAVINGS. 
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

•Crane Naval Base
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

TRILLION 

DOLLAR 

NATURAL GAS 

RESERVE
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

y g

"Fracking” :injecting water, sand and special chemicals UNDER HIGH PRESSURE into the shale layer

separates the pores in the rock sand particles "hold" the cracks open RELEASES NATURAL gas 

FLOWBACK: 35% - 40% OF INJECTED WATER IS RECVERD FROM THE WELL.

NASTY STUFF: fluids CAN qualify as hazardous material TOXIC LEVELS OF carcinoge
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

Hydraulic Fracturing...

• FRACING” - INJECTING WATER, SAND AND

 CHEMICALS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE INTO THE 

 SHALE FORMATION.

• SEPARATES THE PORES IN THE ROCK , SAND 

 "HOLD" THE CRACKS OPEN – RELEASES GAS 

FLOWBACK: 20% - 25% OF INJECTED WATER IS 

RECOVERED FROM THE WELL.

• NASTY STUFF: THERE’S AS MUCH AS TWO 

POUNDS OF SALT IN A GALLON OF FRAC WATER.
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HYDROFRAC REQUIRES 

6,000,000 GALLONS WATER 

THAT’S 1200 TRUCKLOADS 

OF WATER OR 9 OLYMPIC 

SIZE SWIMMING POOLS
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

WATER MANAGEMNT TRENDS... 

SMALL and MEDIUM SIZE DRILLERS 

• OFF-SITE DISPOSAL COSTLY TRUCKING AND 

 DISPOSAL FEES

LARGE SIZE DRILLERS 

• REUSE “DIRTY” FRAC WATER AND FRESH WATER 

• DEEP WELL INJECT CONCENTRATED 

 BRINE WATER 

LOSS OF VALUABLE WATER AND 

RECOVERABLE RESOURCES
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

DIRTY FRAC 

WATER

DIRTY FRAC

WATER 

FILTRATION

RECYCLED 

FRAC WATER

DEEP WELL 

INJECTION

FRESH 

WATER

FRAC WATER MANAGEMENT 

DRILL 

SITE

ENVIROSHALE 

PROCESS

2nd

FRAC WATER 

RECYCLED 

5 – 6 TIMES

ELIMINATE DEEP 

WELL INJECTION
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

FRAC WATER RECYCLING CRITERIA...

• INORGANIC IMPURITIES 

 BARIUM, STRONTIUM AND IRON 

 SULFATE AND CALCIUM

 CHLORIDE LEVELS

• ANY THING ELSE... 

 ORGANICS CONTAMINANTS

• IS THAT IT?

 SCALING FACTORS – DISSOLVED GAS CO2

THESE IMPACT THE REUSE OF FRAC WATER
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

2011 RECYCLING/FLOWBACK TREND ANALYSIS

ITEMS FLOWBACK

YEAR 2009

FLOWBACK

YEAR 2011 

FLOWBACK

YEAR 2012

Sodium 12,200 15,500 18,800

Calcium 7,500 19,500 25,800

Magnesium 570 1,680 1,550

Iron 39 109 43.1

Barium 95 3,310 6,610

Strontium 103 4,040 7,630

Chloride 80,200 148,000 164,000

Bicarbonate 36 56 ND

Ammonia 107 135 148
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HYDROFRAC REQUIRES 

4,000,000 GALLONS WATER 

THAT’S 800 TRUCKLOADS 

OF WATER OR 6 OYLIMPIC 

SIZE SWIMMING POOLS

12,200 15,500

18,800

7500

19,500

25,800

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

2009 2010 2012

INORGANIC SPECIES (PPM)

CALCIUM-SODIUM THREAD 

ANALYSIS

Sodium

Calcium
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HYDROFRAC REQUIRES 

4,000,000 GALLONS WATER 

THAT’S 800 TRUCKLOADS 

OF WATER OR 6 OYLIMPIC 

SIZE SWIMMING POOLS

95

3,310

6,610

103

4,040

7,630

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2009 2010 2012

INORGANIC SPECIES (PPM)

BARIUM-STRONTIUM THREAD ANALYSIS

Barium

Strontium

SUMMARY...

•CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION 

INCREASED BY 100%.

•BARIUM AND STRONTIUM CONCENTRATIONS 

INCREASED 30 – 40 TIMES.

•CALCIUM CONCENTRATION INCREASED 

 2 – 3 TIMES.

•TDS LEVELS INCREASED 2 – 3 TIMES.

THESE INCREASES ARE GAME CHANGERS 
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HYDROFRAC REQUIRES 

4,000,000 GALLONS WATER 

THAT’S 800 TRUCKLOADS 

OF WATER OR 6 OYLIMPIC 

SIZE SWIMMING POOLS
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

y g

"Fracking” :injecting water, sand and special chemicals UNDER HIGH PRESSURE into the shale layer

separates the pores in the rock sand particles "hold" the cracks open RELEASES NATURAL gas 

FLOWBACK: 35% - 40% OF INJECTED WATER IS RECVERD FROM THE WELL.

NASTY STUFF: fluids CAN qualify as hazardous material TOXIC LEVELS OF carcinoge

FRAC AND PRODUCED 

WATERS ARE 

TRANSPORTED TO 

VARIOUS TREATMENT 

FACILITIES FOR 

RECYCLING. A LARGE 

PERCENTAGE IS 

DISPOSED VIA DEEP 

WELL INJECTION. 
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

CLASS II INJECTION WELL

ANNULUS 

ACCESS

DRILLING 

MUD

CEMENT

TUBING

INJECTION 

ZONE

WHAT IS DEEP WELL 

INJECTION...

WASTE IS PUMPED INTO THE 

EARTH UNDER A SEALED 

PIPING SYSTEM.
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

y g

"Fracking” :injecting water, sand and special chemicals UNDER HIGH PRESSURE into the shale layer

separates the pores in the rock sand particles "hold" the cracks open RELEASES NATURAL gas 

FLOWBACK: 35% - 40% OF INJECTED WATER IS RECVERD FROM THE WELL.

NASTY STUFF: fluids CAN qualify as hazardous material TOXIC LEVELS OF carcinoge

DEEP WELL INJECTION

THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE UGLY...

• GOOD – IF AVAILABLE, LOW COST; HANDLES A

 WIDE RANGE OF WASTE W/ COMPLETE DISPOSAL.

• IF THE REGION’S GEOLOGY SUPPORTS DISPOSAL 

 ITS HEAVILY USED. 

• BAD – LIMITED CAPACITY AND NOT CHEAP-$2MM

• LOCATION LIMITED; MAY HAVE TO TRUCK. 

• UGLY – WELLS CAN BE PLUGGED WITH SCALE.

• INJECTION WELLS CAN CAUSE EARTH TREMORS. 
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

TWO MAJOR ISSUES INTERSECT... 

LOW TDS DISCHARGE REGULATIONS 

FOR NEW DISPOSAL FACILITIES

 &

ZERO DISCHARGE FRAC WATER 

RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY

WORKING TOGETHER WINS
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

TITLE 25 PA CODE CHAPTER 95... 

NEW SOURCES OF HIGH TDS WASTE WATERS 

AFTER AUGUST 1, 2010 

SHALE GAS WASTE WATER DISCHARGE LIMITS

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS 500 mg/l

TOTAL CHLORIDES 250 mg/l

TOTAL SULFATES 250 mg/l

TOTAL BARIUM 10 mg/l

TOTAL STRONTIUM 10 mg/l
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

FRAC WATER TREATMENT CHOICES...

• REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) 

• OZONE DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 

• EVAPORATION (THERMAL DISTILLATION)

• ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS –

 ZERO DISCHARGE 

LET’S REVEIW HOW EACH ONE WORKS
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

OZONE STRENGTH WEAKNESS 

 

ALLEGHENY OZONE

 SOMERSET, PA 

DESTRUCTS 

ORGANIC 

COMPOUNDS 

 

NEEDS ELECTRICITY TO 

MAKE OZONE 

ECOSPHERE 

TECHNOLOGIES

DELAWARE CORP. 

PATENTED

PROCESS 

VERY EXPENSIVE 

CAPITAL EQUIPMENT 

HIGH ENERGY 

CONSUMPTION

STILL HAS WASTE 

STREAM
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems
DISTILLATION STRENGTH WEAKNESS 

GE WATER (USA) 

 

RECOVERS AND 

CONCENTRATES

FINANCIALLY 

STRONG

EXPENSIVE 

EQUIPMENT

HIGH ENERGY 

CONSUMPTION

FOUNTAIN QUAIL 

(USA) 

INDUSTRY 

ACCEPTANCE

CONCENTRATE 

DISPOSAL

HIGH MAINTENANCE 

COSTS

Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

•DISTILLATE MEETS NEW 

DISCHARGE REGULATIONS, BUT 

BRINE MUST BE DEEP WELL 

INJECTED DUE TO INORGANIC 

IMPURITIES.
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems
CRYSTALLIZER STRENGTH WEAKNESS 

GE WATER (USA) 

 

CONCENTRATES 

HIGH TDS

FEED STOCKS

FINANCIALLY 

STRONG

VERY EXPENSIVE 

EQUIPMENT

HIGH ENERGY 

CONSUMPTION

AQUA-TECH (USA) NO UNITS IN 

MARCELLUS PLAY

CONCENTRATE 

DISPOSAL

HIGH MAINTENANCE 

COSTS

Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

EXTENSIVE RECYCLING OF FRAC 

FLUIDS HAS REDUCED THE 

EFFECTIVENESS OF RECOVERY 

TECHNOLOGIES DUE TO THE HIGH TDS 

AND CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

80,200

148,000

164,000

125,000

200,000

250,000

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2009 2010 2012

INORGANIC SPECIES (PPM)

CHLORIDES-TDS THREAD ANALYSIS

Chloride

TDS

120K – 180K PPM
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems
Brine Concentrator/Crystallizer 

ISSUES...

STILL NEED DEEP WELL INJECTION.

OPTIONS...

BY-PRODUCT RECOVERY 
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS –

ZERO DISCHARGE...

•PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY (PATENT PENDING) 

•MOBILE (ON-SITE) TREATMENT PRODUCES 

 SUITABLE WATER FOR REUSE 

•LOW ENERGY USAGE

• ELIMINATES LARGE VOLUMES OF FRAC FLUIDS 

 FOR DISPOSAL

• RECOVERS BRINE AS SALEABLE SALT

SAVES MONEY AND RESOURCES 

WHILE IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS (ESP)

TWO STAGE PROCESS 

• 1st STAGE – REMOVES OIL/GREASE, ORGANICS

 AND IRON

• 2nd STAGE – REMOVES TRACE ORGANICS AND

 NONDESIRED INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS

• ESP EFFLUENT IS CLEAR AND ORGANIC FREE 

• SCALING FACTORS REDUCED

ESP EFFLUENT CAN BE RECYCLED BACK TO 

DRILLING OPERATION OR DISTILLATION FEEDSTOCK
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems
Cost Effective Solutions For .... 

Today’s Problems

HOW THE ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS WORKS 

Ba

Ba

Sr

Cl Sr

Cl

Cl

CARBON

CARBON

CARBON

RAW FRAC WATER WITH BARIUM, 

STRONTIUM AND CHLORIDES

THE WATER COMES IN CONTACT WITH 

THE LEWIS CARBON

THE BARIUM AND STRONTIUM ARE 

ADSORBED ON THE CARBON’S SURFACE

THE FRAC WATER IS UPGRADED WITH 

A “CLEAN” CHLORIDE STREAM
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

CASE STUDY – RECYCLING FRAC 

WATER AT DEEP WELL INJECTION 

FACILITY ... 

• 14 DAY TRIAL WITH 5 DAYS OPERATION.

• DEMONSTRATION PERFORMED AT DEEP 

 WELL FACILITY.

• MOBILE UNIT OPERATED IN THE FIELD.

HIGH LIGHTS OF THE DEMONSTRATION
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
FEED WATER CHARACTERIZATION

ITEM RAW

VALUE

FEED

RANGES

TDS 306,000 - 138,000

pH 7.4 - 5.4

TOTAL IRON 109 - 93

TOTAL CHLORIDE 185,600 - 130,000

TOTAL BARIUM

TOTAL STRONTIUM

CALCIUM

3,479

5,420

23,000

- 1,360

- 3,600

- 18,800

TOC 136 - 52

Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

RAW 

FRAC 

WATER

ESP 

EFFLUENT
ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS RESULTS

ITEM AVERAGE

EFF VALUE

%

 REMOVAL

TDS 153,700 14.0

CARBON DIOXIDE 14.1 71.6

TOTAL IRON 0.2 99.9

TOTAL CHLORIDE 126,300 18.5

TOTAL BARIUM

TOTAL STRONTIUM

CALCIUM

740

3,742

19,003

72.1

22.0

 6.2

TOC 27 69.0

Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

SUMMARY OF RESULTS ... 

• PROCESSED 74,200 gals (1,766 bbl) OVER 

 A 5 DAY PERIOD. 

• ESP EFFLUENT TESTED BY DRILL 

 CHEMICAL COMPANY AND GIVEN 

 “GREEN” LIGHT TO REUSE AT DRILL SITE. 

• REDUCED CONTAMINANTS AND 

 ORGANICS LEVELS. 

• REDUCED SCALING FACTORS. 

 BOTTOM LINE –

UPGRADED AND RECYCLED 

FRAC WATER SCHEDULED 

FOR DISPOSAL VIA DEEP 

WELL INJECTION.
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HIGH PURITY BRINE PURIFICATION 

Barium 12,100 3.4 99.97%

Calcium 24,200 0 100.00%

Iron 36.2 0 100.00%

Magnesium 1,540 110 92.86%

Sodium 24,000 75,100 -212.92%

Strontium 12,900 4.8 99.96%

Total Dissolved Solids 259,000 245,000 5.41%

Bromide 1,030 1,150 -11.65%

Chloride 186,000 181,000 2.69%

Sulfate 0 0

Carbon Dioxide 8.90 100.00%

CLEAN BRINE TO 

DISTILLATION / CRYSTALLIZER 

SALABLE BY-PRODUCTS.
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS TEST RESULTS

ITEM RAW FEED ESP -

STAGE 1&2

FINAL 

DISTILLATE

% REMOVED

TDS (mg/l) 181,000 191,000 306 99.77%

pH 5.63 6.42 6.82

TOTAL IRON (mg/l) 143 <0.1 <0.1 99.93%

TOTAL CHLORIDE 78,000 71,900 95 99.87%

TOTAL BARIUM

TOTAL STRONTIUM

OIL & GREASE

95.3

108

77.0

1.04

0.94

<5

<0.1

<0.1

<5

99.89%

99.90%

99.70%

TOC 62.76 0.61 <0.1 99.84%

•THIS MEETS THE 

NEW HIIGH TDS 

DISCHARGE LIIMITS
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

SELECTIVE 

INORGANIC 

BY-PRODUCT 

RECOVERY

REDUCE SOLIDS 

DISPOSAL AND NEED 

FOR DEEP WELL 

INJECTION

IMPROVE PROFIT 

MARGINS
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HIGH PURITY 

BARIUM 

SULFATE
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HIGH PURITY 

CALCIUM 

SULFATE
Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

SUMMARY...

ZERO DISCHARGE TECHNOLOGY WILL 

POSITIVELY IMPACT MARCELLUS AND 

UTICA SHALE DRILLING EXPLORATION. 

PROVIDE NEEDED WATER 

MANAGEMENT & RECYCLING 

SOLUTIONS

REDUCE COST AND ENVIRONMENTAL 

IMPACT.
MARCELLUS SHALE 

TREATMENT OPTION

DEEPWELL ESP ON-SITE

RECYCLE 

DEEP WELL INJECTION FEE $ 4.204 5.04

TRANSPORTATION TO DW 3.36 X

OHIO STATE TIP FEE 0.20 X

WATER REPLACEMENT 0.01 X

TRANSPORTATION WATER 3.36 X

TOTAL COST PER BARREL $ 11.13 $ 5.04

RECOVERY SAVINGS 55%

Cost Effective Solutions For .... Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

ESP PROCESS SAVES –

DISPOSAL FEES

WATER

TRUCKING