s 

333.911 

M26PRAR 

2009 



2009 ANNUAL REPORT 

to the 

GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA, UNITED STATES, 

SASKATCHEWAN AND MONTANA 



by the 

POPLAR RIVER 

BILATERAL MONITORING 

COMMITTEE 




River 



COVERING CALENDAR YEAR 2009 



June 2010 



Montana Stale Library 



3 0864 1006 0460 5 



2009 ANNUAL REPORT 

to the 

GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA, UNITED STATES, 

SASKATCHEWAN AND MONTANA 



by the 

POPLAR RIVER 

BILATERAL MONITORING 

COMMITTEE 




River 



COVERING CALENDAR YEAR 2009 



June 2010 



Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee 



Department of State 
Washington, D.C., United States 

Governor's Office 

State of Montana 

Helena, Montana, United States 



Department of Foreign Affairs 
and International Trade Canada 
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 

Saskatchewan Environment 
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada 



Ladies and Gentlemen: 

Herein is the 29th Annual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. This report discusses 
the Committee activities of 2009 and presents the Technical Monitoring Schedules for the year 2010. 

During 2009, the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee continued to fulfill the responsibilities 
assigned by the governments under the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Agreement dated September 
23, 1980. Through exchange of Diplomatic Notes, the Arrangement was extended in March 1987, July 1992, 
July 1997, March 2002, and April 2007. The Monitoring Committee is currently extended to March 2012. 

The enclosed report summarizes current water-quality conditions and compares them to guidelines for 
specific parameter values that were developed by the International Joint Commission (IJC) under the 1977 
Reference from Canada and the United States. After evaluation of the monitoring information for 2009, the 
Committee finds that the measured conditions meet the recommended objectives. 

Based on IJC recommendations, the United States was entitled to an on-demand release of 370 dam 3 (300 
acre-feet) from Cookson Reservoir during 2009. A volume of 442 dam 3 (358 acre-feet), in addition to the 
minimum flow, was delivered to the United States between May 1 and May 31, 2009. In addition, daily 
flows in 2009 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the IJC for most of the year except for 
June 12 to July 16 and several periods during January and December when daily flows were below the 
recommended minimum due to ice conditions in the channel. 

During 2009, monitoring continued in accordance with Technical Monitoring Schedules outlined in the 2008 
Annual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. 



Yours sincerely, 



Joyn M. Kilpatrick / 

lairman, United States Section 





[ike Renouf 
Chairman, Canadia 





Thomas Schultz 

Member, United States Section 





GregAflilman 

Member, Canadian Section 



Digitized by the Internet Archive 

in 2012 with funding from 

Montana State Library 



http://archive.org/details/annualreporttogo2009popl 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Highlights for 2009 iii 

1.0 Introduction 1 

2.0 Committee Activities 2 

2.1 Membership 2 

2.2 Meetings 2 

2.3 Review of Water-Quality Objectives 3 

2.4 Data Exchange 4 

2.5 Water-Quality Monitoring Responsibilities 4 

3.0 Water and Air: Monitoring and Interpretations 6 

3.1 Poplar River Power Station Operation 6 

3.2 Surface Water 6 

3.2.1 Streamflow 6 

3.2.2 Apportionment 7 

3.2.3 Minimum Flows 7 

3.2.4 On-Demand Release 8 

3.2.5 Surface-Water Quality 10 

3.2.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 1 1 

3.2.5.2 Boron 14 

3.2.5.3 Other Water-Quality Objectives 17 

3.3 Groundwater 19 

3.3.1 Operations-Saskatchewan 19 

3.3.2 Ground-Water Monitoring 21 

3.3.2.1 Saskatchewan 22 

3.3.2.2 Montana 23 

3.3.3 Ground- Water Quality 25 

3.3.3.1 Saskatchewan 25 

3.3.3.2 Montana 29 

3.4 Cookson Reservoir 30 

3.4.1 Storage 30 

3.4.2 Water Quality 31 

3.5 Air Quality 32 

3.6 Quality Control 32 

3.6.1 Streamflow 32 

3.6.2 Water Quality 32 

ANNEXES 

1.0 Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement, Canada-United States Al 

2.0 Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement, Technical 

Monitoring Schedules, 2010, Canada-United States A2 

3.0 Recommended Flow Apportionment in the Poplar River Basin A3 

4.0 Conversion Factors A4 



TABLES 

Table 2.1 Water-Quality Objectives 5 

Table 3.1 Recommended Water-Quality Objectives and Excursions, 2009 Sampling 

Program, East Poplar River at International Boundary 18 

Table 3.2 Geologic Formation Name Equivalence between Saskatchewan and Montana 21 

Table 3.3 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Supplementary Water Supply 

Project Wells 26 

Table 3.4 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Soil Salinity Project Wells Sampled 

at the Discharge Pipe 27 

Table 3.5 Cookson Reservoir Storage Statistics for 2009 30 



FIGURES 

Figure 3.1 Monthly Mean Discharge during 2009 as Compared with the Median Monthly Mean 

Discharge from 1931-2000 for the Poplar River at International Boundary 7 

Figure 3.2 Flow Hydrograph of the East Poplar River at International Boundary 8 

Figure 3.3 Cumulative Volume Hydrograph of On-Demand Release 9 

Figure 3.4 Measured and Estimated TDS Concentration for East Poplar River at International 

Boundary 12 

Figure 3.5 Three-Month Moving Flow- Weighted Average Estimated TDS Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boundary 12 

Figure 3.6 Five- Year Moving Flow- Weighted Average Estimated TDS Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boundary 13 

Figure 3.7 Estimated Daily TDS Concentration, 1990 to 2009, East Poplar River at International 

Boundary (Statistically Estimated) 13 

Figure 3.8 Measured and Estimated Boron Concentration for 2009 for East Poplar River at 

International Boundary 15 

Figure 3.9 Three-Month Moving Flow- Weighted Average Estimated Boron Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boundary 15 

Figure 3.10 Five- Year Moving Flow- Weighted Average Estimated Boron Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boundary (Statistically Estimated) 16 

Figure 3.11 Estimated Daily Boron Concentration, 1990 to 2009, East Poplar River at 

International Boundary (Statistically Estimated) 16 

Figure 3.12 Annual Pumpage by the Poplar River Power Station's Supplementary Water Supply .. 19 

Figure 3.13 Annual Pumpage from Soil Salinity Project 21 

Figure 3.14 Hydrograph of Selected Wells Completed in the Hart Coal Seam 22 

Figure 3.15 Hydrograph of Selected Wells Completed in the Hart Coal Seam 23 

Figure 3.16 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Fort Union and Hart Coal Aquifers 24 

Figure 3.17 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Alluvium and Fox Hills/Hell Creek Aquifers 25 

Figure 3.18 Total Dissolved Solids in Samples from Montana Wells 29 

Figure 3.19 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Levels for 2009 and Median 

Daily Water Levels, 1999-2008 31 



n 



HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2009 

The Poplar River Power Station completed its twenty-sixth full year of operation in 2009. The two 300- 
megawatt coal-fired units generated 4,503,657 gross megawatts (MW) of electricity. The average 
capacity factors for Units No. 1 and 2 were 79.5 percent and 83.3 percent, respectively. The capacity 
factors are based on the maximum generating rating of 315 MW/hour for both Unit No. 1 and Unit No. 
2. The scheduled maintenance outage for Unit 1 and 2 were completed in the spring and fall of 2009 so 
as not to coincide with system peak demand periods that occur over the summer and winter periods. 

Monitoring information collected in both Canada and the United States during 2009 was exchanged in 
the spring of 2010. 

The recorded volume of the Poplar River at International Boundary from March 1 to May 31, 2009 
was 13,560 dam 3 (11,000 acre-feet). Based on IJC recommendations and the assumption that the 
recorded flow is the natural flow, the United States was entitled to a minimum discharge on the East 
Poplar River of 0.085 cubic metres per second (m /s) (3.0 cubic feet per second (ft /s)) for the 
period June 1, 2009 to August 31, 2009, and 0.057 m 3 /s (2.0 ft 3 /s ) for the period September 1, 2009 
to May 31, 2010. The minimum entitled flow for the period January 1 to May 31, 2009 was 0.028 
m 3 /s (1.0 ft 3 /s), determined on the basis of the Poplar River flow volume for March 1 to May 31, 
2008. 

Daily flows during 2009 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the IJC for most of 
the year except for June 12 to July 16 and several periods during January and December when daily 
flows were below the recommended minimum due to ice conditions in the channel. 

In addition to the minimum flow, the IJC apportionment recommendation entitles Montana to an 
on-demand release to be delivered in the East Poplar River during the twelve-month period 
commencing June 1. Based on the March 1 to May 31, 2008 runoff volume of 1,400 dam 3 (1,130 
acre-feet) recorded at the Poplar River at International Boundary gauging station, Montana was 
entitled to an additional release of 370 dam 3 (300 acre- feet) from Cookson Reservoir during the 
succeeding twelve-month period commencing June 1, 2008. Montana requested this release to be 
made between May 1 and May 31, 2009. A volume of 442 dam 3 (358 acre-feet), in addition to the 
minimum flow, was delivered during this period. 

The 2009 five-year TDS flow-weighted concentrations were below the long-term objective of 1,000 
milligrams per litre (mg/L). The maximum monthly five-year flow-weighted concentration value 
calculated in 2009 was about 987 mg/L, relative to the 2008 level of 992 mg/L. Spring runoff in the 
Poplar River basin was above normal in 2009 and helped to reduce the TDS concentration to some 
extent. Boron concentrations for 2009, though based upon a limited number of water-quality samples as 
is TDS, continued to remain well below the long-term objective of 2.5 mg/L. In 2009, the maximum 
monthly five-year flow-weighted concentration of Boron was 1.92 mg/L. 



in 



1.0 INTRODUCTION 

The Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee was authorized for an initial period of five years 
by the Governments of Canada and the United States under the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring 
Arrangement dated September 23, 1980. A copy of the Arrangement is attached to this report as 
Annex 1. Through exchange of Diplomatic Notes, the Arrangement was extended in March 1987, 
July 1992, July 1997, March 2002, and April 2007. The Monitoring Committee is currently extended 
to March 2012. A more detailed account of the historical background of the Monitoring 
Arrangement is contained in the 1990 Annual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring 
Committee. 

The Committee oversees monitoring programs designed to evaluate the potential for transboundary 
impacts from SaskPower's (formerly Saskatchewan Power Corporation) coal-fired thermal generating 
station and ancillary operations near Coronach, Saskatchewan. Monitoring is conducted in Canada 
and the United States at or near the International Boundary for quantity and quality of surface and 
ground water and for air quality. Participants from both countries, including Federal, State and 
Provincial agencies, are involved in monitoring. 

The Committee submits an annual report to Governments which summarizes the monitoring results, 
evaluates apparent trends, and compares the data to objectives or standards recommended by the 
International Joint Commission (IJC) to Governments, or relevant State, Provincial, or Federal 
standards. The Committee reports to Governments on a calendar year basis. The Committee is also 
responsible for drawing to the attention of Governments definitive changes in monitored parameters 
which may require immediate attention. 

A responsibility of the Committee is to review the adequacy of the monitoring programs in both 
countries and make recommendations to Governments on the Technical Monitoring Schedules. The 
Schedules are updated annually for new and discontinued programs and for modifications in 
sampling frequencies, parameter lists, and analytical techniques of ongoing programs. The Technical 
Monitoring Schedules listed in the annual report (Annex 2) are given for the year 2008. The 
Committee will continue to review and propose changes to the Technical Monitoring Schedules as 
information requirements change. 



2.0 COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES 

2.1 Membership 

The Committee is composed of representatives of the Governments of the United States of America 
and Canada, the State Government of Montana, and the Provincial Government of Saskatchewan. In 
addition to the representatives of Governments, two ex-officio members serve as local 
representatives for the State of Montana and Province of Saskatchewan. 

During 2009, the members of the Committee included: Mr. J. Kilpatrick, U.S. Geological Survey, 
United States representative and Co-chair; Mr. M. Renouf, Environment Canada, Canadian 
representative and Co-chair; Mr. T. Schultz, Montana Department of Natural Resources and 
Conservation, Montana representative; Mr. G. Adilman, Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment, 
Saskatchewan representative; Mr. C. W. Tande, Daniels County Commissioner, Montana local ex- 
officio representative; and Mr. D. Kirby, Reeve, R.M. of Hart Butte, Saskatchewan local ex-officio 
representative. 

2.2 Meetings 

The Committee met via a conference call on June 26, 2009. Delegated representatives of 
Governments, with the exception of the ex-officio members from Montana and Saskatchewan, 
participated in the conference call. In addition to Committee members, other technical advisors 
representing Federal, State, and Provincial agencies participated in the conference call, as well. 
Committee members reviewed the operational status of the Poplar River Power Station and 
associated coal-mining activities; examined data collected in 2008 including surface-water quality 
and quantity, ground-water quality and quantity, and air quality; discussed proposed changes in the 
water-quality sampling program; and established the Technical Monitoring Schedules for the year 
2010. 



2.3 Review of Water-Quality Objectives 

The International Joint Commission in its Report to Governments, titled "Water Quality in the Poplar 
River Basin," recommended that the Committee periodically review the water-quality objectives 
within the overall Basin context and recommend new and revised objectives as appropriate. In 1991, 
an action item from the annual Committee meeting set in motion the review and revision of the 
water-quality objectives. 

In 1993, the Committee approved changes in water-quality objectives recommended by the 
subcommittee that was formed in 1992 to review the objectives. The Committee also discussed the 
water-quality objectives for 5-year and 3-month flow-weighted concentrations for total dissolved 
solids and boron. Although the Committee agreed that calculation procedures to determine flow- 
weighted concentrations are time consuming and probably scientifically questionable, no consensus 
was reached on alternative objectives or procedures. 

In 1997, the Committee agreed to suspend the monitoring and reporting of several parameters. The 
parameters affected were: dissolved aluminum, un-ionized ammonia, total chromium, dissolved 
copper, mercury in fish tissues, fecal coliform, and total coliform. The Committee also agreed to 
other minor revisions for clarification purposes. For example, changing the designation for pH from 
"natural" to "ambient". 

In 1999, the Committee replaced the term "discontinued" with "suspended" in Table 2.1. 

In 2001, the Committee suspended the monitoring of dissolved mercury and total copper. This 
decision to suspend monitoring for these parameters was based on data indicating concentrations or 
levels well below or within the objectives. Current objectives approved by the Committee are listed 
in Table 2.1. 

The Committee also agreed to periodically review all parameters for which monitoring has been 
suspended. 

Another responsibility of the Committee has included an ongoing exchange of data acquired through 
the monitoring programs. Exchanged data and reports are available for public viewing at the agencies 
of the participating governments or from Committee members. 



2.4 Data Exchange 

The Committee is responsible for assuring exchange of data between governments. The exchange of 
monitoring information was initiated in the first quarter of 1981 and was an expansion of the 
informal quarterly exchange program initiated between the United States and Canada in 1976. Until 
1991, data were exchanged on a quarterly basis. At the request of the Committee, the United States 
and Canada agreed to replace the quarterly exchange of data with an annual exchange effective at the 
beginning of the 1992 calendar year. Henceforth, data will be exchanged once each year as soon 
after the end of the calendar year as possible. However, unusual conditions or anomalous data will 
be reported and exchanged whenever warranted. No unusual conditions occurred during 2009 which 
warranted special reporting. 

2.5 Water-Quality Monitoring Responsibilities 

Environment Canada has agreed to take responsibility of repairing the continuous water-quality 
monitor installed at the East Poplar station at the International Boundary. The continuous water- 
quality monitor records daily specific conductance values which are used in the computation of 
TDS and boron values to monitor water quality in the East Poplar River. In the absence of 
regular monthly grab water-quality samples, the Committee has agreed to utilize the data 
collected by the continuous water-quality monitor for its surface-water-quality monitoring 
program. 

The USGS, in cooperation with the Fort Peck Tribes, collects water-quality samples four times per 
year to supplement the daily specific conductance data collected by the continuous water-quality 
monitor. 

Funding from the Fort Peck Tribes has been discontinued in 2010 putting the grab sample collection 
effort by the USGS at jeopardy. The Committee will discuss the issue at its face-to-face meeting on 
June 22, 2010 in Coronach, Saskatchewan. 



Table 2.1 Water-Quality Objectives 



Parameter 


Original 
Objective 


Recommendation 


Current 
Objective 


Boron, total 


3.5/2.5 1 


Continue as is 


3.5/2.5' 


TDS 


1,500/1,000' 


Continue as is 


1,500/1,000' 


Aluminum, dissolved 


0.1 


Suspended* 


— 


Ammonia, un-ionized 


0.02 


Suspended* 


— 


Cadmium, total 


0.0012 


Continue as is 


0.0012 


Chromium, total 


0.05 


Suspended* 


— 


Copper, dissolved 


0.005 


Suspended* 


— 


Copper, total 


1 


Suspended* 


— 


Fluoride, dissolved 


1.5 


Continue as is 


1.5 


Lead, total 


0.03 


Continue as is 


0.03 


Mercury, dissolved 


0.0002 


Suspended* 


— 


Mercury, fish (mg/kg) 


0.5 


Suspended* 


— 


Nitrate 


10 


Continue as is 


10 


Oxygen, dissolved 


4.0/5. 2 


Objective applies only during open 
water 


4.0/5.0 2 


SAR (units) 


10 


Continue as is 


10 


Sulfate, dissolved 


800 


Continue as is 


800 


Zinc, total 


0.03 


Continue as is 


0.03 


Water temperature (C) 


30.0 3 


Continue as is 


30.0 3 


pH (units) 


6.5 4 


Continue as is 


6.5 4 


Colifotm (no./lOO mL) 








Fecal 


2,000 


Suspended* 


— 


Total 


20,000 


Suspended* 


— 


Units in mg/L except as noted 

1. Five-year average of flow-weighted concentrations (March to October) should be <2.5 boron, < 1,000 TDS. 

Three-month average of flow-weighted concentration should be <3 5 boron and < 1,500 TDS. 

2. 5.0 (minimum April 10 to May 15), 4 (minimum remainder of year - Fish Spawning). 
3 Natural temperature (April 10 to May 15), <30 degree Celsius (remainder of year) 

4. Less than 5 pH units above ambient, minimum pH=6.5. 



*Suspended after review of historic data found sample concentrations consistently below the objective. The Committee will periodically 
review status of suspended objectives. 



3.0 WATER AND AIR: MONITORING AND INTERPRETATIONS 

3.1 Poplar River Power Station Operation 

Saskatchewan Power Corporation operates the Poplar River Power Station near the town on 
Coronach, Saskatchewan. The Poplar River Power Station is comprised of two lignite-burning 
power generating units designated Unit No. 1 and Unit No. 2. Unit No. 1 is rated as a 315 
MW/hour generating unit and Unit No. 2 is rated as a 315 MW/hour generating unit. Both units 
share a common 1 22 meter stack. 

In 2009 both units were operated as base load units supplying the maximum production except 
when system constraint and outages dictated otherwise. The scheduled maintenance outages for 
Unit No. 1 and Unit No. 2 were completed in the spring and fall of 2009 so as not to coincide 
with system peak demand periods that occur over the summer and winter periods. 

Between January 1 and December 31, Poplar River Power Station generated 4,503,657 MW 
hours. During this time approximately 3,455,271 tonnes of coal and 3,535 m 3 of fuel oil were 
consumed. The average capacity factors for Unit No. 1 and Unit No. 2 were 79.5% and 83.3% 
respectively. 

3.2 Surface Water 
3.2.1 Streamflow 

Streamflow in the Poplar River basin was above normal in 2009. The March to October recorded 
flow of the Poplar River at International Boundary, an indicator of natural flow in the basin, was 
16,420 cubic decametres (dam 3 ) (13,310 acre-feet), which was 165 percent of the 1931-2008 
median seasonal flow of 9,930 dam 3 (8,050 acre-feet). A comparison of 2009 monthly mean 
discharge with the 1931-2008 median monthly mean discharge is shown in Figure 3.1. 



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la 
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Monthly Mean Discharge for 2009 



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140 



120 



100 




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May 



Jun 



Jul 



Aug 



Sep 



Oct 



Figure 3.1 Monthly Mean Discharge during 2009 as Compared with the Median Monthly 
Mean Discharge from 1931-2008 for the Poplar River at International Boundary. 



The 2009 recorded flow volume of the East Poplar River at International Boundary was 2,450 
dam 3 (1,990 acre-feet). This volume is 91 percent of the median annual flow of 2,680 dam 3 
(2,170 acre-feet) for 1976-2008 (since the completion of Morrison Dam). 

3.2.2 Apportionment 

In 1976 the International Souris-Red Rivers Engineering Board, through its Poplar River Task 
Force, completed an investigation and made a recommendation to the Governments of Canada 
and the United States regarding the apportionment of waters of the Poplar River basin. Although 
the recommendations have not been officially adopted, the Province of Saskatchewan has 
adhered to the apportionment recommendations. Annex 3 contains the apportionment 
recommendation. 



3.2.3 Minimum Flows 

The recorded volume of the Poplar River at International Boundary from March 1 to May 31, 
2009 was 13,560 dam 3 (11,000 acre- feet). Based on IJC recommendations and the assumption 



that the recorded flow is the natural flow, the United States was entitled to a minimum discharge 
on the East Poplar River of 0.085 cubic metres per second (m /s) (3.0 cubic feet per second 
(ft 3 /s)) for the period June 1, 2009 to August 31, 2009, and 0.057 m 3 /s (2.0 ft 3 /s ) for the period 
September 1, 2009 to May 31, 2010. The minimum entitled flow for the period January 1 to May 
31, 2009 was 0.028 m 3 /s (1.0 ft 3 /s), determined on the basis of the Poplar River flow volume for 
March 1 to May 31, 2008. A hydrograph for the East Poplar River at International Boundary and 
the minimum flow as recommended by the LJC are shown in Figure 3.2. 



Daily flows during 2009 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the IJC for most 
of the year except for June 12 to July 16 and several periods during January and December when 
daily flows were below the recommended minimum due to ice conditions in the channel. 



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Figure 3.2 Flow Hydrograph of the East Poplar River at International Boundary. 



3.2.4 On-Demand Release 



In addition to the minimum flow, the IJC apportionment recommendation entitles Montana to an 
on-demand release to be delivered in the East Poplar River during the twelve-month period 
commencing June 1. Based on the March 1 to May 31, 2008 runoff volume of 1,400 dam 3 
(1,130 acre-feet) recorded at the Poplar River at International Boundary gauging station, 
Montana was entitled to an additional release of 370 dam 3 (300 acre-feet) from Cookson 
Reservoir during the succeeding twelve-month period commencing June 1, 2008. Montana 
requested this release to be made between May 1 and May 3 1 , 2009. A volume of 442 dam 3 (358 
acre-feet), in addition to the minimum flow, was delivered during this period. A hydrograph 
showing cumulative volume of the on-demand release request and on-demand release delivery 
made at the East Poplar River at International Boundary is shown in Figure 3.3. 





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Figure 3.3 Cumulative Volume Hydrograph of On-Demand Release. 



3.2.5 Surface-Water Quality 

The 1981 report by the IJC to Governments recommended: 

For the March to October period, the maximum flow-weighted concentrations should not exceed 3.5 
milligrams per litre (mg/L) for boron and 1,500 mg/L for TDS for any three consecutive months in 
the East Poplar River at the International Boundary. For the March to October period, the long-term 
average of flow-weighted concentrations should be 2.5 mg/L or less for boron, and 1,000 mg/L or 
less for TDS in the East Poplar River at the International Boundary. 

For the period prior to 1982, the three-month moving flow- weighted concentration (FWC) for boron 
and total dissolved solids (TDS) was calculated solely from monthly water-quality monitoring 
results. Since the beginning of 1982, the USGS has monitored specific conductance daily in the East 
Poplar River at the International Boundary, making it possible to estimate boron and TDS 
concentrations using a linear regression relationship with specific conductance. 

In 2003, the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee decided to suspend much of the water- 
quality sampling program until it is warranted again. All surface-water-quality sample collection by 
Environment Canada has been suspended at the East Poplar River boundary station. The number of 
samples collected was also reduced. At present, four surface water quality samples are collected and 
analysed by the USGS per year at the East Poplar River at the International Boundary. The 
Committee has agreed to use the continuous data collected by the specific-conductance monitor as a 
surrogate for the monthly water-quality sampling program, except for the four water-quality samples 
collected for TDS and boron by the USGS in 2009. Hence, the three-month FWC for TDS and boron 
in 2009 were calculated using the two established equations (shown later in text) and the continuous 
specific-conductance data collected at the East Poplar River at the International Boundary. 

The Bilateral Monitoring Committee adopted the approach that, for the purpose of comparison with 
the proposed IJC long-term objectives, the boron and TDS data are best plotted as a five-year moving 
FWC which is advanced one month at a time. 

Prior to 1988, long-term averages were calculated for a five-year period in which 2.5 years preceded 
and 2.5 years followed each plotted point. Beginning in 1988, the FWC was calculated from the 5- 
year period preceding each plotted point. For example, the FWC for December 2009 is calculated 
from data generated over the period December 2003 to December 2009. The calculations are based 
on the results of samples collected throughout the year, and are not restricted to only those collected 
during the months bracketing the period of irrigation (March to October) each year. 



10 



3.2.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 

TDS is inversely related to streamflow at the East Poplar River at the International Boundary station. 
During periods of high runoff such as spring freshet, TDS decreases as the proportion of streamflow 
derived from ground water decreases. Conversely, during times of low streamflow (late summer, 
winter) the contribution of ground water to streamflow is proportionally greater. Because the ground 
water entering the river has a higher ionic strength than the surface water, the TDS of the stream 
increases markedly during low-flow conditions. 

Measured and estimated TDS concentrations for 2009 for East Poplar River at the International 
Boundary are shown in Figure 3.4. The TDS concentrations in 2009 ranged from an 866 mg/L on 
October 15 to 1,122 mg/L on December 15. The three-month moving FWC for TDS for the period of 
1990-2009 is presented in Figure 3.5. The short-term TDS objective has not been exceeded during 
the period of record. 

The five-year moving estimated FWC for TDS (Figure 3.6) did not exceed the long-term objective of 
1,000 mg/L in 2009. The maximum monthly five-year estimated FWC in 2009 was about 987 mg/L, 
relative to the 2008 maximum monthly value of 992 mg/L. Dissolved solids concentrations in 2009 
were similar to those recorded in 2008. In general, low spring runoff and higher contribution from 
ground water have kept the TDS level close to the long-term objective of 1,000 mg/L. 

The daily TDS values, as estimated by linear regression from the daily specific-conductance 
readings, for the period January 1990 through December 2009 are shown in Figure 3.7. The figure 
shows an abrupt drop in estimated TDS corresponding to the snowmelt runoff occurring during the 
spring of each year. 

The relationship between TDS and specific conductance based upon data collected from 1974 to 
2003 is as follows: 

TDS = (0.624613813 x specific conductance) + 35.1841527 
(R 2 = 0.84, n^ 617) 

Note: The above equation was used to estimate TDS concentrations for the E. Poplar River at the 
International Boundary for 2009. These estimates are used in the current annual water-quality report. 



1200 



1000 



TO 

E 800 



o 



600 



4 1116 ♦ 1122 

. lnoo ♦ 1046 * -^^- ♦ 7050' ^ „_._ 
JL nn7 a mm 4 1022 * irm 


• > wy/ 


♦ 940' 

♦ 866 






Legend: 940' Analytically Determined from a Discrete Sample 

997 Statistically Estimated using Average Mid-Month Specific Conductance Values 

"e - Estimated" 


1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 



_ 400 



200 



li- 



en 

< 



Q. 



O 

O 



CD 

D 



Figure 3.4: Measured and Estimated TDS Concentration for East Poplar River 
at the International Boundary 



1800 



1600 



Short-term Objective 



-J 400 




400 



200 



— Analytically Determined from a Discrete Sample 
- - Statistically Estimated using Average Mid-Month Specific Conductance Values 



o 


i— 


CM 


n 


T* 


IT) 


(D 


i^ 


00 


CO 


o 


CD 


CD 


CD 


en 


a> 


en 


en 


en 


CO 


CO 


o 



Figure 3.5: Three-Month Moving Flow-Weighted Average Estimated TDS 

Concentration for East Poplar River at the International Boundary 



12 



1600 



1400 



~ 1200 



1000 



o 

CO 

0) 

> 



o 



800 



600 



400 



200 

































































































/— - - 


-.. 






Lorg-terni Objective 































































































































































































































o — 



o — 



Figure 3.6: Five- Year Moving Flow-Weighted Average Estimated TDS Concentration for 
East Poplar River at the International Boundary 



1600 




400 



200 



Figure 3.7: Estimated Daily TDS Concentration, 1990 to 2009 East Poplar River 
at the International Boundary (Statistically Estimated) 



13 



3.2.5.2 Boron 

Similar to TDS, four water-quality samples were collected by the USGS for boron in 2009. Other 
boron concentrations presented below were estimated using the boron equation that was developed 
from water-quality samples collected from 1974-2003 and the daily specific conductance data 
collected by the specific-conductance monitor. Figure 3.8 shows that during 2009, measured and 
estimated monthly-mean dissolved boron concentrations in the East Poplar at the International 
Boundary varied from 1.67 mg/L on October 15 to 2.20 mg/L on December 15. 

The 3-month flow-weighted concentration (FWC) for boron for the period of record is shown in 
Figure 3.9. The short-term objective of 3.5 mg/L has not been exceeded over the period 1975 to 
2009. It can be seen that the concentrations measured in water-quality samples and those estimated 
using regression equations describing a statistical relation between boron concentration and specific 
conductance are similar, with the highs and lows in some degree of correspondence. This suggests 
that using regression equations to estimate boron and TDS concentrations based on specific 
conductance measurements, is in general terms, a valid procedure despite problems which arise from 
attempting to generate representative concentration and flow data for an entire month, based on a 
limited number of samples. 

The 5-year moving FWC for boron displayed in Figure 3.10 remained well below the long-term 
objective of 2.5 mg/L. 

Boron concentrations are not as well-correlated with specific conductance as TDS. Boron is a 
relatively minor ion, and does not in itself contribute to a large degree to the total load of dissolved 
constituents in the water. Accordingly, it appears likely that the standard deviation of dissolved 
boron (relative to the long-term mean boron concentration) may be greater than that of the major 
cations (sodium, potassium, and magnesium) and anions (sulphate, bicarbonate, and chloride) around 
their respective long-term mean concentrations. Daily boron concentrations for the period December 
1990 to December 2009 are shown in Figure 3.11. 

The relationship between boron and specific conductance applied to data collected from 1974 to 
2003 is as follows: 

Boron = (0.00129 x specific conductance) - 0.04709 (R 2 = 0.57, n = 617) 

Note: The above equation was used to estimate boron concentrations for the E. Poplar River at the 
International Boundary for 2009. These estimates are used in the current annual water-quality 
report. 

14 



400 



3.50 



_ 3.00 



£ 


2.50 


c 
o 
o 

CD 


2.00 






O 


1.50 



a 



1.00 



0.50 



0.00 



1.94 » ^ 97 ♦ 1- 99 



♦f.82 



A 2.08 . + ha 



.02 



♦ 2.10 * 22 ° 



♦ 1.84 



♦ 1.67 



Legend: 2.08 Analytically Determined from a Discrete Sample 

1.94 Statistically Estimated using Specific Conductance Values 



a. 
< 






o 

2 



Figure 3.8: Measured and Estimated Boron Concentration for 2009 
for East Poplar River at the International Boundary 

























Short 


-term < 


Object 


ve 












— 






A 
.11 * 




* 


► 


f 








< 


b 










* i 


< 

4 




i 


1 yxy 

'Hi 


y * 


Pi* 

4 y 


^f 


If 


f 


IP 


i,* 


. ? 


* 


< 


^ 


t i/ 


*[ * 


fl 


V T 


T* r^ 


L*# 




•f 












n 


Y 


i 


7 

i 


* */ 










l ' ' 


< 










■« 










/ 










w 
















































'•« 


















- - * - - Statistically Estimated using Specific Conductance Values 






































1 



3.5 



o) 2.5 

E 



o 
CD 



1.5 



0.5 



OS 

c 



— fN 



Figure 3.9: Three-Month Moving Flow- Weighted Average Estimated Boron 
Concentration for East Poplar River at the International Boundary 



15 









o ■ 

2.5 ■ 

o) 2 
E, 

c 
2 

(§15 

T3 

> 
O 

b 

0.5 














L 


ong- 


term 


Obje 


ctive 


of 2.:5 mg 


L 






































































--- 




























































































































































O — ■ <N en ^ m ^o t-- oo On O — r-in^u-ivor-oooso 

aNONONONONONaNaNONaNOOOOOOOOOO^-' 

»—,(—,»— ,•—)>— ,»— j *— > i— > i — 3 i — i ■ — a ' — > ' — a ' — i ♦— r. ►— * ' — i ' — a > — i •— > ' — a 

Figure 3.10: Five- Year Moving Flow- Weighted Average Estimated Boron Concentration 
for East Poplar River at the International Boundary (Statistically Estimated) 



3.00 



.<2 1.00 
Q 



0.50 



0.00 




o 

ON 



— <N 



on 



ON On 



ON 



oo 

ON 



ON 
ON 



O 

o 



o 



o 



NO 

o 



o 



oo 

o 



ON O 

o — 



Figure 3.11: Estimated Daily Boron Concentration, 1990 to 2009 for East Poplar River 
at the International Boundary (Statistically Estimated) 



16 



3.2.5.3 Other Water-Quality Objectives 

Table 3.1 contains the multipurpose water-quality objectives for the East Poplar River at 
International Boundary, recommended by the International Poplar River Water Quality Board to the 
IJC. The table shows the number of samples collected for each parameter and the number of times 
over the course of the year that the objectives were exceeded. In the table, multiple replicate samples 
collected during the annual quality control exercise are treated as a single sample, but where an 
objective was exceeded in a replicate sample, this is charged against the single sample noted. As the 
table shows, all parameters were within the appropriate objectives. 



17 



Table 3.1 Recommended Water-Quality Objectives and Excursions, 2009 Sampling Program, 
East Poplar River at International Boundary (units in mg/L, except as otherwise noted) 



Parameter 


Objective 


No. of Samples 


Excursions 


USA 


Canada 


Objectives recommended by IJC to Governments 


Boron, dissolved 


3.5/2.5 (1) 


4 








Total Dissolved Solids 


1,500/1,000(1) 


4 








Objectives recommended by Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee to Governments 


Cadmium, total 


0.0012 


4 








Fluoride, dissolved 


1.5 


4 








Lead, total 


0.03 


4 








Nitrate 


10.0 


4 








Oxygen, dissolved 


4.0/5.0 (2) 


4 








Sodium adsorption ratio 


10.0 


4 








Sulphate, dissolved 


800.0 


4 








Zinc, total 


0.03 


4 








Water temperature (Celsius) 


30.0 (3) 


4 








pH (pH units) 


6.5 (4) 


4 








(1) Three-month average of flow-weighted concentrations should be <3.5 mg/L boron and < 1,500 mg/L TDS. Five-year average of 

flow-weighted concentrations (March to October) should be <2.5 mg/L boron and < 1,000 mg/L TDS 

(2) 5.0 (minimum April 10 to May 15), 4 (minimum, remainder of the year). 

(3) Natural temperature (April 10 to May 15), <30 degrees Celsius (remainder of the year). 

(4) Less than 0.5 pH units above natural, minimum pH = 6.5. 



Note: No excursions were noted in 2009. 



18 



3.3 Ground Water 

3.3.1 Operations - Saskatchewan 

SaskPower's supplementary supply continued to operate during 2009 with 3,297 cubic 
decameters (dam 3 ) of ground water being produced. This is down slightly from the 4,046 
dam 3 pumped in 2008. Production from 1991 to 2009 has averaged 4,736 dam 3 per year. 
Prior to 1991, the well network was part of a dewatering network for coal mining operations, 
which resulted in the high production levels experienced in the early to mid 1980's. With the 
drought of the late 1980's and early 1990's it was evident that there was a continued need for 
ground water to supplement water levels in Cookson Reservoir. Consequently the wells were 
taken over by SaskPower for use as a supplementary supply. 



Poplar River Power Station - Supplementary Supply 



9000 i 



8000 



7000 




o^ <& o>* ^ <# <*>* <& & <& c# <** <**> <& # # c?>* c^ # 

Year 

Figure 3.12 Annual Pumpage by the Poplar River Power Station's Supplementary 
Water Supply 



19 



SaskPower has an approval for the supplementary supply project to produce an annual 
volume of 5,500 damVyear. The supplementary supply well network currently consists of 21 
wells with a total of 10 discharge points. No wells were added or deleted from the well field 
during the year. 

In addition to the supplementary supply, SaskPower also operates the Soil Salinity Project 
south of Morrison Dam. The project was initiated in 1989 to alleviate soil salinity which had 
developed below the dam. The Soil Salinity project consists of a network of production wells 
discharging into the cooling water canal, which in turn discharges directly to Cookson 
Reservoir. Ongoing operational difficulties with the production wells resulted in a continued 
decline in the annual volume pumped from a high of 1,100 dam 3 in 1994 to a low point of 
426 dam 3 in 2003. A well rehabilitation program resulted in some recovery in production 
rates with production of 812 dam 3 in 2006. Production dropped again to 426 dam 3 in 2009. 
The majority of water (382 dam 3 ) came from wells PW87104 and PW87105 on the east side 
of the river 103 dam 3 from PW90109 on the west side. The total water produced from the 
Soil Salinity Project in 2009 was 527 dam 3 . 



20 



Poplar River Power Station - Salinity Project 



£ 

E 

o 

> 




K N d> <0> oJ> d? c£ dN <£ d?> d? o N _d> _d> _c> _d? d<> c<V d* <$ >S> 



d?> d°> d?" d? d? d? d? d?> d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? d? o N 

Year 

Figure 3.13 Annual Pumpage from Soil Salinity Project 

3.3.2 Ground-Water Monitoring 

Equivalent geologic formations present in Saskatchewan and Montana have different names. A list of 
the corresponding formation names is provided in Table 3.2. 

Table 3.2 Geologic Formation Name Equivalence between Saskatchewan and Montana 



[ Formation Location 


Geologic Formation Name 


Saskatchewan 


Eastend to Whitemud 


Frenchman 


Ravenscrag 


Alluvium 


| Montana 


Fox Hills 


Hell Creek j Fort Union 


Alluvium 



21 



3.3.2.1 Saskatchewan 

In 2003, SaskPower reduced its monitoring network from 180 to about 85 piezometers. 
Saskatchewan Environment approved this reduction based on modelling studies undertaken by 
SaskPower. 

The goal of the Soil Salinity Project is to lower groundwater levels in the Empress Sands below 
Morrison Dam two to three metres, which is roughly equivalent to pre-reservoir levels. Ground- 
water pumpage from 1990 to 1995 ranged between 900 and 1,100 damVyear and consequently the 
drawdown objectives were achieved in 1995 and 1996. Declining pumpage from 1995 until 2004 
resulted in negligible drawdown by 2003. Drawdown remains marginal and is limited in extent and 
magnitude being two meters or less in piezometers adjacent to the production wells. 

Figures 3.14 and 3.15 show hydrographs for Hart Coal Seam monitoring wells near the International 
Boundary. These hydrographs illustrate that there have been no significant changes in water levels in 
the Hart Coal Seam near the boundary in the past 20 years. 



Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 
Groundwater Monitoring 

765 




735 




<£• <# <# <# c?> N <& <& <gF JP <& <& <& dS? cS? c?> N v# c^ c? 1 " ■# <# <# <# <# 
<> N <^ O^ ^ <* N <* N <* N <* N <* n <* n ^ O^ <* N # <# o<^ # <# o<> <# # # # 

,*C° .-^ ."^ .V^ ,-v° ,<-> .N-* ."C 5 vN° ,*\° ,*\° X° ."\° .-C^ .-x .•s .^ X° ,<° i'C 3 v -\° ."s .V^ 

<i- N o^ s o N o N <s N o" o N o N <a N o nN o- o nX o nN o n o n 0* 5, o nN o nN o nX <a" X o n <a* 

Date 



-M492A -»-MS07 — *— NI509 



Figure 3.14 Hydrograph of Selected Wells Completed in the Hart Coal Seam 



22 



Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 
Groundwater Monitoring 



< 

E 



810 



800 



790 



2 780 



770 



760 



























i 


■ 






































* 

1 L 










♦ 


■■ 


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♦ 


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1 ■*■ 


♦ 
... 










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A 


.♦♦' 


< 


' ♦ 


« 

• 

♦ ♦ 


♦ ♦♦ 

« 


♦!♦ 


♦ 
♦ 


4' 


♦ 






♦ 
♦ 


♦ 
♦ 
♦ 


♦ < 


,♦♦♦< 


♦♦♦« 
















- 
















c£ <& eg? a# d?> N <# c# <**" <# c# <^ <# <# <# C?" # <# C^ C^ C 
^ _^ .^ .^ a# .^ _x«9 -\^ -^ .v"? .vN 9 * .^ .^ _<P .v^ _& _<$> .& _& _<$ 



Figure 3.15 Hydrograph of Selected Wells Completed in the Hart Coal Seam 

3.3.2.2 Montana 

Hydrographs from monitoring wells completed in the Fort Union Formation and/or the Hart Coal 
Seam (wells 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 17, 19, and 22) exhibit two general patterns. Water levels in wells 9, 13, 
17, and 19 have changed less than 5 ft (1.5 m) since the time monitoring began in 1987. Water levels 
generally declined between 1987 and 1992-1994; since 1994, water-level trends are flat or slowly 
rising. Water-level hydrographs from wells 17 and 19 are shown on Figure 3.16. Offsets noted in the 
legend for Figure 3.16 have been applied to make the hydrographs more readable. Water-level data 
used to construct the hydrographs in Figure 3.16 can be accessed through the Montana Ground Water 
Information Center (GWIC) database at http://mbmggwic.mtech.edu . 

Water levels in wells 6, 7, 16, and 22 have changed as much as 12 ft (3.7 m) but generally declined 
from the beginning of monitoring to the mid 1990s before beginning to rise. Water-level hydrographs 
for wells 6 and 7 are shown on Figure 3.16. 



23 



Jan 






<&> 



<%3 



f 




<»E> 



"L 



>^^"^»^^ >w>Sft<x> ^^ ^ w^^^< >k ^ " s^sax** 



Well6(GWIC 4227+10 ft offset: Hart Coal) 
Well17(GWIC 4297: -3 ft offset: Hart Coal) 



- Well 7 (GWIC 4267+7 ft offset: Hart Coal) 
Well19(GWIC 4290-5 ft offset: Hart Coal) 



j , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1 . , , ! , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , 

1979 Jan-1983 Jan-1987 Jan-1991 Jan-1995 Jan-1999 Jan-2003 Jan-2007 Jan-2011 Jan-2015 

Year 



Figure 3.16 Hydrographs of Selected Wells - Fort Union and Hart Coal Aquifers 

Heavy snow accumulation and subsequent melting caused water levels to rise to near record 
highs in wells 6, 7, 9, 16, 19, and 22 during 2004 and 2005. Water levels in wells 6 and 16 have 
fallen since 2004-2005, and are now about 1 ft (0.3 m) below their 2003 altitudes. Water levels 
in wells 7 and 9 remain about one ft (0.3 m) above their 2003 altitudes and the water level in 
well 22 is at the same altitude as 2003. There was no apparent short-term response to the snow 
melt event in wells 13 and 17, but water levels in these wells rose between late 2003 and early 
2007. Since 2007, water levels in well 13 are relatively unchanged. Water levels in well 17 
reached a peak in 2006 before declining to near 2003 levels in 2007. Water levels in well 17 
have risen about 0.5 ft (0.2 m) since 2007. 

The potentiometric surface in the Fox Hills/Hell Creek artesian aquifer (well 1 1 -Figure 3.17) has 
shown little fluctuation during the 1979-2009 monitoring period, but the entire record shows a 
slight long-term downward trend. 



24 



Jan 



"55- 




V»o 






V 



1979 Jan-1983 Jan-1987 Jan-1991 Jan-1995 Jan-1999 Jan-2003 Jan-2007 Jan-2011 Jan-2015 

Year 



• Well 10 (Gwic 4340 fi offset : Alluvium/coal) 
■Well 23 (GWIC 124105+2 ft offset: Fort Union) 



-Well 11 (GWIC 4329: +3 ft offset: Fox Hills-Hell Creek) 
- Well 24 (GWIC 1 44835: -3 ft offset : Alluvium) 



Figure 3.17 Hydrographs of Selected Wells - Alluvium and Fox Hills/Hell Creek Aquifers 

Water levels in monitoring wells 5, 8, 10, 23, and 24 completed in alluvium and/or outwash show 
seasonal change caused by climate and/or precipitation. Heavy snow accumulation and melt in early 
2004 caused upward water-level response during the remainder of that year. In subsequent years 
water levels steadily declined returning to pre-melt 2003 elevations between 2004 (Well 23) and 
2008 (Well 5). Hydrographs from selected alluvial/outwash wells (10, 23, and 24) and the Fox 
Hills/Hell Creek well (11) are shown in figure 3.17. Offsets noted in the legend have been applied to 
the data to make the hydrographs more readable. Measurements from wells 1 1 and 24 where the 
wellhead was noted as being frozen are not included. Water-level data used to construct the 
hydrographs in Figure 3.17 can be accessed through the Montana Ground Water Information Center 
(GWIC) database at http://mbmggwic.mtech.edu . 

3.3.3 Ground-Water Quality 
3.3.3.1 Saskatchewan 



The water quality from the Poplar River Power Station's Supplementary Water Supply Project 
discharge points has been consistent with no trends indicated. A summary of the more frequently 
tested parameters during 2009 is provided in Table 3.3. Result averages for the 1992-2008 penods 
are also included in this table for comparison. 

25 



TABLE 3.3 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from 
Supplementary Water Supply Project Wells* 





1992 to 2008 
Average 


2009 
Average 


pH (units) 


8.1 


8.3 


Conductivity (us/cm) 


1,289 


1,415 


Total Dissolved Solids 


887 


946 


Total Suspended Solids 


11 


5 


Boron 


1.2 


1.3 


Sodium 


172 


188 


Cyanide (ug/L) 


0.0006 


0.000001 


Iron 


0.3 


0.1 


Manganese 


0.1 


0.03 


Mercury (ug/L) 


0.08 


0.01 


Calcium 


68 


54 


Magnesium 


52 


58 


Sulfate 


273 


290 


Nitrate 


0.05 


0.31 



* All units mg/L unless otherwise noted. *Sampled at Site "C3" on Girard Creek. 

Average results from the common discharge point for the Soil Salinity Project for 2009, plus an 
average of the 1992-2008 results are provided in Table 3.4. Results have remained relatively 
consistent since 1992. 



26 



TABLE 3.4 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Soil Salinity 
Project Wells Sampled at the Discharge Pipe* 





1992-2008 
Average 


2009 
Average 


pH (units) 


7.6 


7.9 


Conductivity (us/cm) 


1,446 


1,599 


Total Dissolved Solids 


1,000 


1,090 


Boron 


1.6 


1.8 


Calcium 


104 


88 


Magnesium 


49 


60 


Sodium 


156 


222 


Potassium 


7.5 


7.5 


Arsenic (ug/L) 


11.5 


14.5 


Aluminum 


0.06 


0.004 


Barium 


0.035 


0.027 


Cadmium 


0.015 


0.001 


Iron 


4.1 


3.6 


Manganese 


0.131 


0.101 


Molybdenum 


0.015 


0.002 


Strontium 


1.742 


1.475 


Vanadium 


0.015 


0.002 


Uranium (ug/L) 


0.619 


0.900 


Mercury (u/L) 


0.08 


0.02 


Sulfate 


325 


368 


Chloride 


6.5 


8.0 


Nitrate 


0.051 


0.180 



* All concentrations are mg/L unless otherwise noted. 

Leachate movement through the ash lagoon liner systems can potentially affect ground-water 
quality in the vicinity of the ash lagoons. The piezometers listed in the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules are used to assess leachate movement and calculate seepage rates. Piezometric water 
level, boron, and chloride are the chosen indicator parameters to assess leachate movement. 

27 



The chemistry of water immediately above the liner systems is expected to differ from the surface 
water of the lagoons. Meaningful information is only available from piezometers installed within 
Ash Lagoon # 1 where ash has been deposited for many years. Future monitoring of all piezometers 
completed below the lagoon liner systems will continue with the purpose of confirming the boron 
trend noted below and to improve the understanding of leachate quality and flow from the ash 
lagoons. 

The piezometric surface measurements for the oxidized till continue to show the presence of a 
ground-water mound beneath the ash lagoons. The mound extends from the center of the Ash 
Lagoon # 1 to the southeast side of Ash Lagoon # 2. Isolated ground-water mounds have developed 
within the area of the oxidized till ground-water mound. Piezometers located in the oxidized till 
suggest limited leachate activity. No seepage activity is evident in the unoxidized till. 

The greatest changes in chloride and boron concentrations within the oxidized till have occurred 
where piezometric levels have changed the most. Although increasing water levels do not 
automatically suggest that the water affecting the piezometers is leachate, changing piezometric 
levels do suggest ground-water movement. On the west side of the Polishing Pond, the boron levels 
have changed only slightly in the oxidized till piezometers C728A and C728D, where the chloride 
levels have changed more significantly. The chloride level for C728A had decreased from 403 mg/L 
in 1983 to 249 mg/L in 2006; piezometer C728A has been repaired and will be returned to the 
monitoring schedule in 2010. The chloride level for C728D has increased from 185 mg/L in 1983 to 
379 mg/L in 2009. Although these piezometers are close in proximity and installed at the same level, 
they are being influenced by different water. Chloride results for C728A suggest initial seepage and 
it is to be expected that over time the same observation will be seen in C728D. 

The piezometric surface of the Empress Gravel indicates a regional flow from northwest to southeast 
below Morrison Dam. As a general observation, Empress piezometers respond to changing reservoir 
levels. Results for the Empress layer do not indicate seepage activity with the majority of the 
analyses showing little real change in boron or chloride results. Piezometer C712B has been 
monitored for several years. Historically, boron levels were below 1 mg/L. From 1992 to 2009, 
boron levels have remained relatively steady between 12 and 20 mg/L. 



28 



3.3.3.2 Montana 

Samples were collected from monitoring wells 7, 16, and 24 during 2009. Well 7 is completed in the 
Hart Coal, well 16 is completed in the Fort Union Formation, and well 24 is completed in alluvium. 
Total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations in samples from wells 7 and 24 continued slight 
downward trends that began in 2006. The most recent TDS concentration in well 16 appears 
anomalously low. Production rates from well 16 have decreased to the point where only enough 
water can be pumped to rinse and bottle the samples. MBMG will attempt to re-develop the well in 
2010. Changes in TDS with time for wells 7, 16, and 24 are shown in Figure 3.18. Water-chemistry 
data used to construct the graphs in Figure 3.18 can be accessed through the Montana Ground Water 
Information Center (GWIC) database at http://mbmggwic.mtech.edu . 



800 



700 



600 



500 



400 



300 




Jan-1978 Jan-1982 Jan-1986 Jan-1990 Jan-1994 Jan-1998 Jan-2002 Jan-2006 Jan-2010 Jan-2014 

Date 
-Well 7 (GWIC 4267 -Hart Coal) -©—Well 16 (GWIC 421 1 - Fort Union) -B- Well 24 (GWIC 144835 -Alluvium) 



Figure 3.18 Total Dissolved Solids in Samples from Montana Wells. 

In addition to the regularly scheduled sampling, Montana collected inorganic samples from wells 5, 
6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 19, 22, and 23. Analytical results from these samples are available from the GWIC 
database at http://mbmRgwic.mtech.edu . 



29 



3.4 Cookson Reservoir 

3.4.1 Storage 

On January 1, 2009, Cookson Reservoir storage was 24,360 dam 3 or 56 % of the full supply volume. 
The 2009 maximum, minimum and period elevations and volumes are shown in Table 3.5. 

Spring inflows into the reservoir were above normal in 2009. A release was made in May to meet 
the recommended Poplar River basin demand release for the 2008-2009 apportionment year. No 
releases were required to maintain the recommended apportionment target flow at the International 
Boundary for the remainder of the year. 

In addition to runoff, reservoir levels were augmented by groundwater pumping. Wells in the 
abandoned west block mine site supplied 3,291 dam 3 to Girard Creek. It is estimated that less than 
70% of this flow volume reached Cookson Reservoir. Wells in the soil salinity project area supplied 



527 dam 3 



Table 3.5 Cookson Reservoir Storage Statistics for 2009 



Date 


Elevation 
(m) 


Contents 
(dam 3 ) 


January 1 


750.10 


24,360 


May 8 (Maximum) 


752.22 


37,530 


March 14 (Minimum) 


750.09 


24,300 


December 3 1 


751.35 


31,570 


Full Supply Level 


753.00 


43,410 



30 



The Poplar River Power Station is dependent on water from Cookson Reservoir for cooling. Power 
plant operation is not adversely affected until reservoir levels drop below 749.0 metres. The dead 
storage level for cooling water used in the generation process is 745.0 metres. The 2009 recorded 
levels and associated operating levels are shown in Figure 3.19. 



2009 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Level 



753 




M 
P 
n 



745 



Full Supply Level 



2009 j 

Minimum Desirable Operating Level 



-4 r 



Minimum Useable Storage Level 



Ten Year Median Level 



4- -r H f -i 



19100 {P 

5 

p 

f 

n 

11400 f 

n 

e 



Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 



Figure 3.19 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Levels for 2009 and 
Median Daily Water Levels, 1999-2008 



3.4.2 Water Quality 

The period from 1987 to 1993 saw very low volumes of surface-water run-off to Cookson 
Reservoir. Consequently, total dissolved solids (TDS) in the reservoir increased steadily from 
approximately 780 mg/L to over 1,800 mg/L. Since 1993, higher run-off volumes have 
improved reservoir water quality. The average TDS level in Cookson Reservoir in 2009 was 
1,304 mg/L, down slightly from the 2008 average level of 1,434 mg/L. Run-off and reservoir 
volumes continues to significantly influence the water quality of the reservoir as it has done in 
the past. 



31 



3.5 Air Quality 

SaskPower's ambient SO2 monitoring for 2009 recorded no values greater than Saskatchewan 
Environment's one-hour average standard of 0.17 ppm and the 24-hour average standard of 0.06 
ppm. The 2009 geometric mean for the high-volume suspended-particulate sampler was 15.0 ug/m 3 
and 2009 was the eighteenth consecutive year of below-average standard particulate readings. 

3.6 Quality Control 

3.6.1 Streamflow 

No comparative current-meter discharge measurements were made in 2009 at the East Poplar River 
at International Boundary site between personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and 
Environment Canada (EC) to confirm streamflow measurement comparability because of poor 
measuring conditions at the site. 

3.6.2 Water Quality 

No joint sampling was performed in 2009 at the East Poplar River at International Boundary due to 
continued suspension in the collection of surface-water-quality samples by Environment Canada. 



32 



ANNEX 1 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATrVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



CANADA-UNITED STATES 



Al-1 



September 23, 1980 
POPLAR RIVER COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 

I. PURPOSE 

This Arrangement will provide for the exchange of data collected as described in the attached 
Technical Monitoring Schedules in water-quality, water quantity and air quality monitoring programs 
being conducted in Canada and the United States at or near the International Boundary in response to 
SaskPower development. This Arrangement will also provide for the dissemination of the data in each 
country and will assure its comparability and assist in its technical interpretation. 

The Arrangement will replace and expand upon the quarterly information exchange program instituted 
between Canada and the United States in 1976. 

II. PARTICIPATING GOVERNMENTS 

Governments and government agencies participating in the Arrangement are: 

Government of Canada: Environment Canada 
Government of the Province of Saskatchewan: 

Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 
Government of the United States of America: United States Geological Survey 
Government of the State of Montana: Executive Office 

III. POPLAR RIVER MONITORING COMMITTEE: TERMS OF REFERENCE 

A binational committee called the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee will be established to 
carry out responsibilities assigned to it under this Arrangement. The Committee will operate in 
accordance with the following terms of reference: 



Al-3 



A. Membership 

The Committee will be composed of four representatives, one from each of the participating 
Governments. It will be jointly chaired by the Government of Canada and the Government of the 
United States. There will be a Canadian Section and a United States Section. The participating 
Governments will notify each other of any changes in membership on the Committee. Co- 
chairpersons may by mutual agreement invite agency technical experts to participate in the work of the 
Committee. 

The Governor of the State of Montana may also appoint a chief elective official of local government to 
participate as an ex-officio member of the Committee in its technical deliberations. The Saskatchewan 
Minister of the Environment may also appoint a similar local representative. 



B. Functions of the Committee 

The role of the Committee will be to fulfil the purpose of the Arrangement by ensuring the exchange 
of monitored data in accordance with the attached Technical Monitoring Schedules, and its collation 
and technical interpretation in reports to Governments on implementation of the Arrangement. In 
addition, the Committee will review the existing monitoring systems to ensure their adequacy and may 
recommend to the Canadian and United States Governments any modifications to improve the 
Technical Monitoring Schedules. 



1. Information Exchange 

Each Co-chairperson will be responsible for transmitting to his counterpart Co-chairperson on a 
regular, and not less than quarterly basis, the data provided by the cooperative monitoring agencies in 
accordance with the Technical Monitoring Schedules. 



Al-4 



2. Reports 



(a) The Committee will prepare a joint Annual Report to the participating governments, 
and may at any time prepare joint Special Reports. 

(b) Annual Reports will 

i) summarize the main activities of the Committee in the year under Report and the data 

which has been exchanged under the Arrangement; 

ii) draw to the attention of the participating governments any definitive changes in the 

monitored parameters, based on collation and technical interpretation of exchanged 
data (i.e. the utilization of summary, statistical and other appropriate techniques); 

iii) draw to the attention of the participating governments any recommendations regarding 
the adequacy or redundancy of any scheduled monitoring operations and any proposals 
regarding modifications to the Technical Monitoring Schedules, based on a continuing 
review of the monitoring programs including analytical methods to ensure their 
comparability. 

(c) Special Reports may, at any time, draw to the attention of participating governments 
definitive changes in monitored parameters which may require immediate attention. 

(d) Preparation of Reports 

Reports will be prepared following consultation with all committee members and will 
be signed by all Committee members. Reports will be separately forwarded by the 
Committee Co-chairmen to the participating governments. All annual and special 
reports will be so distributed. 



Al-5 



3. Activities of Canadian and United States Sections 
The Canadian and United States section will be separately responsible for: 

(a) dissemination of information within their respective countries, and the arrangement of 
any discussion required with local elected officials; 

(b) verification that monitoring operations are being carried out in accordance with the 
Technical Monitoring Schedules by cooperating monitoring agencies; 

(c) receipt and collation of monitored data generated by the cooperating monitoring 
agencies in their respective countries as specified in the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules; 

(d) if necessary, drawing to the attention of the appropriate government in their respective 
countries any failure to comply with a scheduled monitoring function on the part of 
any cooperating agency under the jurisdiction of that government, and requesting that 
appropriate corrective action be taken. 

IV. PROVISION OF DATA 

In order to ensure that the Committee is able to carry out the terms of this Arrangement, the 
participating governments will use their best efforts to have cooperating monitoring agencies, in their 
respective jurisdictions provide on an ongoing basis all scheduled monitored data for which they are 
responsible. 

V. TERMS OF THE ARRANGEMENT 

The Arrangement will be effective for an initial term of five years and may be amended by agreement 
of the participating governments. It will be subject to review at the end of the initial term and will be 
renewed thereafter for as long as it is required by the participating governments. 



Al-6 



ANNEX 2 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATrVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 



2010 



CANADA-UNITED STATES 



A2-1 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PREAMBLE A2 - 5 

CANADA 

STREAMFLOW MONITORING A2 - 8 

SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 10 

GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING NEAR THE 
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY A2 - 14 

GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 

- POWER STATION AREA A2 - 16 

GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 

- ASH LAGOON AREA 

WATER LEVEL A2-18 

WATER QUALITY A2 - 19 

AMBIENT AIR-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 22 

UNITED STATES 

STREAMFLOW MONITORING A2 - 26 

SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 28 

GROUND- WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 30 

GROUND- WATER LEVELS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 

DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING A2 - 32 

A2-3 



PREAMBLE 

The Technical Monitoring Schedule lists those water quantity, water-quality and air quality 
monitoring locations and parameters which form the basis for information exchange and reporting to 
Governments. The structure of the Committee responsible for ensuring the exchange takes place is 
described in the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement. 

The monitoring locations and parameters listed herein have been reviewed by the Poplar River 
Bilateral Monitoring Committee and represent the basic technical information needed to identify any 
definitive changes in water quantity, water quality and air quality at the International Boundary. The 
Schedule was initially submitted to Governments for approval as an attachment to the 1981 report to 
Governments. Changes in the sampling locations and parameters may be made by Governments 
based on the recommendations of the Committee. 

Additional information has been or is being collected by agencies on both sides of the International 
Boundary, primarily for project management or basin-wide baseline data purposes. This additional 
information is usually available upon request from the collecting agency and forms part of the pool 
of technical information which may be drawn upon by Governments for specific study purposes. 
Examples of additional information are water-quantity, water-quality, ground-water and air-quality 
data collected at points in the Poplar River basin not of direct concern to the Committee. In addition, 
supplemental information on parameters such as vegetation, soils, fish and waterfowl populations 
and aquatic vegetation has been collected on either a routine or specific-studies basis by various 
agencies. 



A2-5 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 



2010 



CANADA 



A2-7 



STREAMFLOW MONITORING 

Daily mean discharge or levels and instantaneous monthly extremes as normally 
published in surface-water-data publications. 



Responsible Agencies: Environment Canada; Saskatchewan Watershed Authority 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


1* 


11AE003 
(06178500) 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 


2 


11AE013*** 


Cookson Reservoir near Coronach 


3 


11AE015*** 


Girard Creek near Coronach Cookson Reservoir 


4 


11AE014*** 


East Poplar River above Cookson Reservoir 


5 




Fife Lake Overflow** 


6* 


11AE008 
(06178000) 


Poplar River at International Boundary 



* International gauging station. 

** Miscellaneous measurements of outflow to be made by Saskatchewan Watershed 

Authority (SWA) during periods of outflow only. 
*** SWA took over the monitoring responsibility effective July 1/92. 



A2-8 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING 



Sampling Locations 



Responsible Agency: Environment Canada 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


1 


00SA11AE0008 
Suspended 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment 


Data collected by: Sask Power 




No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


2 


12386 


East Poplar River at Culvert immediately below 




Discontinued 


Cookson Reservoir 


3 


12368 


Cookson Reservoir near Dam 


4 


12377 
Discontinued 


Upper End of Cookson Reservoir at Highway 36 


5 


12412 
Discontinued 


Girard Creek at Coronach, Reservoir Outflow 


6 


7904 


Fife Lake Outflow* 



'Sampled only when outflow occurs for a 2-week period, which does not occur every year. 



A2-10 



I 



X 



\ 



L_ 



Rcefc^en 



o-_ 



r-^ 



v A 



CAN0.DA \ 



UN IT ED STATES 



\ Caft 



LEGEND 

SAS KATCH EWAN E NVIRO NM ENT AND 
RESOURCE MAN AG EMENT 

EWVRONMENT CANADA 



5 10 lSKLOMETEftS 
J T^ "- 



lOMUBS 




SURFACE -WATER- QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS (CANADA) 



A2-11 



PARAMETERS 



Responsible Agency: Environment Canada 



ENVIRODAT* 
Code 



Parameter 



Analytical Method 



Sampling Frequency 
Station No. I 



10151 


Alkalinity-phenolphthalein 


Potentiometric Titration 


SUS 


101 11 


Alkalinity-total 


Potentiometric Titration 


SUS 


13102 


Aluminum-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


13302 


Aluminum-extracted 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


07540 


Ammonia-total 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


33108 


Arsenic-dissolved 


ICAP-hydride 


SUS 


56001 


Barium-total 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


06201 


Bicarbonates 


Calculated 


SUS 


05211 


Boron-dissolved 


ICAP 


SUS 


96360 


Bromoxynil 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


48002 


Cadmium-total 


AA Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


20103 


Calcium 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


06104 


Carbon-dissolved organic 


Automated IR Detection 


SUS 


06901 


Carbon-particulate 


Elemental Analyzer 


SUS 


06002 


Carbon-total organic 


Calculated 


SUS 


06301 


Carbonates 


Calculated 


SUS 


17206 


Chloride 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


06717 


Chlorophyll a 


Spectrophotometric 


SUS 


24003 


Chromium-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


27002 


Cobalt-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


36012 


Coliform-fecal 


Membrane Filtration 


SUS 


36002 


Coliform-total 


Membrane Filtration 


SUS 


02021 


Colour 


Comparator 


SUS 


02041 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


SUS 


06610 


Cyanide 


Automated UV -Colourimetric 


SUS 


09117 


Fluoride-dissolved 


Electrometric 


SUS 


06401 


Free Carbon Dioxide 


Calculated 


SUS 


10602 


Hardness 


Calculated 


SUS 


17811 


Hexachlorobenzene 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


08501 


Hydroxide 


Calculated 


SUS 


26104 


Iron-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


82002 


Lead-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


12102 


Magnesium 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


25104 


Manganese-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


07901 


N-particulate 


Elemental Analyzer 


SUS 


07651 


N-total dissolved 


Automated UV Colourimetric 


SUS 


10401 


NFR 


Gravimetric 


SUS 


28002 


Nickel-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


07110 


Nitrate/Nitrite 


Colourimetric 


SUS 


07603 


Nitrogen-total 


Calculated 


SUS 


10650 


Non-Carbonate Hardness 


Calculated 


SUS 


18XXX 


Organo Chlorines 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


08101 


Oxygen-dissolved 


Winkler 


SUS 


15901 


P-particulate 


Calculated 


SUS 


15465 


P-total dissolved 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


185XX 


Phenoxy Herbicides 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


15423 


Phosphorus total 


Colourimetric (TRAACS) 


SUS 


19103 


Potassium 


Flame Emission 


SUS 


11250 


Percent Sodium 


Calculated 


SUS 


011201 


SAR 


Calculated 


SUS 


00210 


Saturation Index 


Calculated 


SUS 


34108 


Selenium-dissolved 


ICAP-hydride 


SUS 


14108 


Silica 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


II 103 


Sodium 


Flame Emission 


SUS 


00211 


Stability Index 


Calculated 


SUS 


16306 


Sulphate 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


00201 


TDS 


Calculated 


SUS 


02061 


Temperature 


Digital Thermometer 


SUS 


02073 


Turbidity 


Nephelometry 


SUS 


23002 


Vanadium total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


30005 


Zinc-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


10301 


pH 


Electrometric 


SUS 


92111 


Uranium 


Fluometric 


SUS 



* - Computer Storage and Retrieval System ■ 
AA - Atomic Absorption 
NFR • Nonfillerable Residue 



Environment Canada 

UV - Ultraviolet 

ICAP - Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma 



SUS - Suspended 



A2-12 



PARAMETERS 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment 
Data Collected by: SaskPower 


ESQUADAT* Code 


Parameter 


Analytical method 


Sampling Frequency 
Station No. 


2 


3 


« 


5 


6 


10151 


Alkalinity-phenol 


Pot-Titration 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10101 


Alkalinity-tot 


Pot-Titration 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


13004 


Aluminum-lot 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




33004 


Arsenic-tot 


Flameless AA 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




06201 


Bicarbonate* 


Calculated 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


05451 


Boron-tot 


ICAP 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


W 


48002 


Cadmium-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




20103 


Calcium 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06052 


Carbon-tot Inorganic 


Infrared 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06005 


Carbon-tot Organic 


Infrared 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06301 


Carbonates 


Calculated 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


17203 


Chloride 


Automated Colourimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06711 


Chlorophyll- 'a' 


Spectrophotometry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 




24004 


Chromium-tot 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




36012 


Coliform-fec 


Membrane filtration 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


36002 


Coliform-tot 


Membrane filtration 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


02041 


Conductivity 


Conductivity Meter 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


W 


29005 


Copper-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




09105 


Fluoride 


Specific Ion Electrode 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




82002 


Lead-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




12102 


Magnesium 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


80011 


Mercury-tot 


Flameless- AA 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




42102 


Molybdenum 


AA-Solvent Extract (N-Butyl acetate) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




07015 


N-TKN 


Automated Colourimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10401 


NFR 


Gravimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10501 


NFR( F) 


Gravimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


28002 


Nickel-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


07110 


Nitrate + N0 2 


Automated Colourimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06521 


Oil and Grease 


Pet Ether Extraction 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




08102 


Oxygen-diss 


Meter 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


15406 


Phosphorus-tot 


Colounmetry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


19103 


Potassium 


Flame Photometry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


34005 


Selenium-Ext 


Hydride generation 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




11103 


Sodium 


Flame Photometry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


16306 


Sulphate 


Colourimetry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10451 


TDS 


Gravimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


02061 


Temperature 


Thermometer 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


23004 


Vanadium-tot 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




30005 


Zinc-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




10301 


pH 


Electrometric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


W 



* Computer storage and retrieval system - Saskatchewan Environment. 

Symbols: 

W - Weekly during overflow, OF- Once during each period of overflow greater than 2 weeks' duration, 
Q - Quarterly, A - Annually, AA - Atomic Absorption; Pot - Potentiometric, tot - total; Pet - Petroleum; 
fee - fecal; diss - dissolved; EXT - extract; NFR - Nonfilterable residue; NFR(F) - Nonfilterable residue, fixed, 
ICAP - Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma, (MIBK) - sample acidified and extracted with Methyl Isobutyl Ketone; 
DIS - Discontinued 



A2-13 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL DRAWDOWN 
DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING NEAR THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Watershed Authority 


* 


Measurement Frequency: Quarterly 


Piezometer 


Location 


Tip of Screen 


Perforation Zone 


Number 




Elevation (m) 


(depth in metres) 


52 


NW 14-1-27 W3 


738.43 


43-49 (in coal) 


506B 


SW 4-1-27 W3 


48.27 


81-82 (in coal) 


507 


SW 6-1-26 W3 


725.27 


34 - 35 (in coal) 


509 


NW 1 1-1-27 W3 


725.82 


76-77 (in coal) 


510A 


NW 1-1-28 W3 


769.34 


28-29 (in coal and clay) 



Data Collected by: SaskPower 



A2-14 




CANADA \ 

IN (TED STATES 



□ 5 1D t5 KILOM ETERS 

I ■— r- 1 4 

□ S 1DMILEB 



GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER S TO MON ITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERINO 



A2-15 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
POPLAR RIVER 

POWER STATION AREA-WATER LEVELS 


SPC Piezometer 
Number 


Completion 
Formation 


C525 


Empress 


C526 


Empress 


C527 


Empress 


C539 


Empress 


C540 


Empress 


C739 


Empress 


C740 


Empress 


C741 


Empress 


C743 


Empress 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
POPLAR RIVER 

POWER STATION AREA- WATER QUALITY 


SPC Piezometer 
Number 


Completion 
Formation 


C526 


Empress 


C540 


Empress 


C741 


Empress 



A2-16 




A2-17 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C533 


Empress 


C534 


Oxidized Till 


C654 


Unoxidized Till 


C711 


Oxidized Till 


C712A 


Unoxidized Till 


C712B 


Intra Till Sand 


C712C 


Mottled Till 


C712D 


Oxidized Till 


C713 


Oxidized Till 


C714A 


Unoxidized Till 


C714B 


Unoxidized Till 


C714C 


Oxidized Till 


C714D 


Oxidized Till 


C714E 


Empress 


C715 


Oxidized Till 


C717 


Oxidized Till 


C720 


Oxidized Till 


C721 


Oxidized Till 


C722 


Oxidized Till 


C723 


Oxidized Till 


C725 


Oxidized Till 


C726B 


Unoxidized Till 


C726C 


Oxidized Till 


C726E 


Empress 


C728C 


Mottled Till 


C728D 


Oxidized Till 


C728E 


Empress 


C741 


Empress 


C742 


Empress 


C758 


Intra Till Sand 



A2-18 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C763A 


Mottled Till 


C763B 


Oxidized Till 


C763D 


Unoxidized Till 


C763E 


Empress 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
ASH LAGOON AREA - WATER QUALITY 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C533 


Empress 


C534 


Oxidized Till 


C654 


Unoxidized Till 


C711 


Oxidized Till 


C712A 


Unoxidized Till 


C712B 


Intra Till Sand 


C712C 


Mottled Till 


C712D 


Oxidized Till 


C713 


Oxidized Till 


C714A 


Unoxidized Till 


C714B 


Unoxidized Till 


C714C 


Oxidized Till 


C714D 


Oxidized Till 


C714E 


Empress 


C715 


Oxidized Till 


C717 


Oxidized Till 


C720 


Oxidized Till 


C721 


Oxidized Till 


C722 


Oxidized Till 


C723 


Oxidized Till 


C725 


Oxidized Till 



A2-19 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
ASH LAGOON AREA - WATER QUALITY 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C726B 


Unoxidized Till 


C726C 


Oxidized Till 


C726E 


Empress 


C728C 


Mottled Till 


C728D 


Oxidized Till 


C728E 


Empress 


C741 


Empress 


C742 


Empress 


C758 


Intra Till Sand 


C763A 


Mottled Till 


C763B 


Oxidized Till 


C763D 


Unoxidized Till 


C763E 


Empress 



A2-20 




A2-21 



Ambient Air-Quality Monitoring 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment 
Data Collected by: SaskPower 


No. On Map 


Location 


Parameters 


Reporting Frequency 


1 


Coronach (Discontinued) 


Sulphur Dioxide 

Total Suspended 
Particulate 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics. 
24-hour samples on 6-day cycle, 
corresponding to the national air 
pollution surveillance sampling 
schedule. 


2 


International Boundary 


Sulphur Dioxide 

Total Suspended 
Particulate 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics. 
24-hour samples on 6-day cycle, 
corresponding to the national air 
pollution surveillance sampling 
schedule. 


3 


Poplar River Power Station 


Wind Speed and Direction 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics 


METHODS 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Saskatchewan Environment 
Pulsed fluorescence 


Total Suspended Particulate 


Saskatchewan Environment 
High Volume Method 



A2-22 



CANADA. \ 
UNfT ED STATES 




SMtt 



u 



\ 



\ Gn&4 



V 



S 10 IS WLOMITERS 
-I ^-J U 



10 MIES 






1 



AMBIENT AIR-Q UALITY MONITORING (CANADA] 



A2-23 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

2010 

UNITED STATES 



A2-25 



STREAMFLOW MONITORING 



Responsible Agency: U.S. Geological Survey 


No. on Map 


Station Number 


Station Name 


1* 


06178000 (11 AE008) 


Poplar River at International Boundary 


2* 


06178500 (11 AE003) 


East Poplar River at International 
Boundary 



International Gauging Station 



A2-26 




CANADA V 



UNITED STATES 



10 lSHLOfctTKS 
J I L 



T~ T0MLE5 



HYDROMETRIC GAUGING STATIO N S ( U NITE D STATE S) 



A2-27 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING - Station Locations 



Responsible Agency: U.S. Geological Survey 


No. On Map 


USGS Station No. 


STATION NAME 


1 


06178000 


Poplar River at International Boundary 


2 


06178500 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 


PARAMETERS 






Annual Samp 


ing Frequency 


Analytical 
Code 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


Site f 


Site 2" 


29801 


Alkalinity - lab 


Fixed endpoint Titration 


4 


4 


00608 


Ammonia - diss 


Colonmetric 


4 


4 


01002 


Arsenic - tot 


AA, GF 


4 


4 


00025 


Barometric pressure 


Barometer, field 


4 


4 


01020 


Boron - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


01027 


Cadmium - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00915 


Calcium - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


00940 


Chloride - diss 


IC 


4 


4 


00095 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


4 


4 


00061 


Discharge - inst 


Direct measurement 


4 


4 


00900 


Hardness 




4 


4 


00950 


Fluoride - diss 


ISE 


4 


4 


01051 


Lead - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00925 


Magnesium - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


00613 


Nitrate - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00631 


Nitrate + Nitrite - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00300 


Oxygen-diss 


Oxygen membrane, field 


4 


4 


00400 


pH 


Electrometric, field 


4 


4 


00671 


Phos, Ortho-diss 


Colonmetnc 


4 


4 


00665 


Phosphorous - tot 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00935 


Potassium • diss 


AA 


4 


4 


00931 


SAR 


Calculated 


4 


4 


80154 


Sediment - cone. 


Filtration-Gravimetric 


4 


4 


80155 


Sediment - load 


Calculated 


4 


4 


00955 


Silica - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00930 


Sodium - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


00945 


Sulphate - diss 


IC 


4 


4 


70301 


Total Dissolved Solids 


Calculated 


4 


4 


00010 


Temp Water 


Stem Thermometer 


4 


4 


00020 


Temp Air 


Stem Thermometer 


4 


4 


01092 


Zinc - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 



Samples collected obtained during the monthly periods: * — March - April; May; June; July - September 

** - May; June; July; August - September 
Abbreviations: AA - atomic absorption, cone. - concentration, CVAF - cold vapor atomic fluorescence, diss - dissolved, GF - graphite furnace; IC - ion exchange 

chromatography, ICP - inductively coupled plasma; ISE - ion-selective electrode, MS - mass spectrogTaphy ; Org - organic; phos. - phosphate, tot 

- total; tot/rec - total recoverable 



A2-28 



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SURFACE -WATER- QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS (UN fTEO STATES) 



A2-29 



GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING - Station Locations 


Map 
Number 


Well 
Location 


Total Depth 
(m) 


Casing 

Diameter 

(cm) 


Aquifer 


Perforation Zone 
(m) 


7 


37N47E12BBBB 


44.1 


10.2 


Hart Coal 


39-44 


16 


37N46E3ABAB 


25.5 


10.2 


Fort Union 


23-25 


24 


37N48E5AB 


9.6 


10.2 


Alluvium 


9.2-9.6 


Parameters 


Storet ** Code 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


Sampling Frequency Station No. 


0041001106 


Alkalinity 


Calculated 




01095 


Aluminum dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 


Sample collection is annually for 


50250 


Antimony dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 


all locations identified above. 


01005 


Arsenic dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




01010 


Barium dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 


The analytical method descriptions 


00440 


Beryllium dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 


are those of the Montana Bureau of 


01020 


Bicarbonates 


Electrometric Titration 


Mines and Geology Laboratory where 


82298 


Boron-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 


the samples are analyzed. 


01025 


Bromide 


Ion Chromatography 




00915 


Cadmium.dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




00445 


Calcium 


Emission Plasma 




00940 


Carbonates 


Electrometric Titration 




01030 


Chloride 


Ion Chromatography 




01035 


Chromium, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




00095 


Cobalt, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




01040 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 




00950 


Copper, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




09000 


Fluoride 


Ion Chromatography 




01046 


Hardness 


Calculated 




01049 


Iron-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01130 


Lead-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




00925 


Lithium -diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01056 


Magnesium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01060 


Manganese-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01065 


Molybdenum 


Emission Plasma, ICP-MS 




00630 


Nickel, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




00671 


Nitrate 


Ion Chromatography 




00400 


Orthophosphate 


Ion Chromatography 




00935 


pH 


Electrometric 




00931 


Potassium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01145 


SAR 


Calculated 




00955 


Selenium-diss 


ICP-MS 




01075 


Silica 


Emission Plasma, ICP-MS 




00930 


Silver, dissolved 


ICP-MS 




01080 


Sodium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




00445 


Strontium-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01057 


Sulphate 


Ion Chromatography 




01150 


Thallium, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




28011 


Titanium, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




01085 


Uranium, dissolved 


ICP-MS 




00190 


Vanadium, dissoved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




01160 


Zinc-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




* 


Zirconium, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




70301 


Sum of diss. Constituents 


Calculated 






TDS 


Calculated 





SYMBOLS: 

** - Computer storage and retrieval system -- EPA ICP - 
cm - centimetre ICP - MS - Inductively Coupled Plasma - 



Inductively Coupled Plasma Unit 
Mass Spectrometry diss - dissolved 

A2-30 



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UNITED ST ATE 



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GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONfTORING (UNITED STATES) 



A2-31 



GROUNDWATER LEVELS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERTNG 



Responsible Agency: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology 


No. on Map 


Sampling 


5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,16,17,19,22,23,24 


Determine water levels quarterly 



A2-32 



CANADA V 
UNIT ED STATES 




5 10 lSKLOfcCTffiS 

-H "- 



10M1E 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOM ETERS TO MONfTOR POTENTIAL 

DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DE WATERING 



A2-33 



ANNEX 3 



RECOMMENDED FLOW APPORTIONMENT 

IN THE POPLAR RIVER BASIN 

BY THE INTERNATIONAL SOURIS-RED RIVERS ENGINEERING BOARD, 

POPLAR RIVER TASK FORCE (1976) 



A3-1 



*RECOMMENDED FLOW APPORTIONMENT 
IN THE POPLAR RIVER BASIN 

The aggregate natural flow of all streams and tributaries in the Poplar River Basin crossing the 
International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the United States subject to the 
following conditions: 



1 . The total natural flow of the West Fork Poplar River and all its tributaries crossing the 
International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the United States but 
the flow at the International Boundary in each tributary shall not be depleted by more than 
60 percent of its natural flow. 

2. The total natural flow of all remaining streams and tributaries in the Poplar River Basin 
crossing the International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the 
United States. Specific conditions of this division are as follows: 

(a) Canada shall deliver to the United States a minimum of 60 percent of the natural 
flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River at the International Boundary, as determined 
below the confluence of Goose Creek and Middle Fork. 

(b) The delivery of water from Canada to the United States on the East Poplar River 

shall be determined on or about the first day of June of each year as follows: 

(i) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the immediately 
preceding March 1st to May 31st period does not exceed 4,690 cubic 
decameters (3,800 acre-feet), then a continuous minimum flow of 0.028 
cubic metres per second (1.0 cubic foot per second) shall be delivered to 
the United States on the East Poplar River at the International Boundary 
throughout the succeeding 12 month period commencing June 1st. In 
addition, a volume of 370 cubic decameters (300 acre-feet) shall be 
delivered to the United States upon demand at any time during the 12 
month period commencing June 1st. 

(ii) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the immediately 
preceding March 1st to May 31st period is greater than 4,690 cubic 
decameters (3,800 acre-feet), but does not exceed 9,250 cubic decameters 
(7,500 acre-feet), 

Canada-United States, 1976, Joint studies for flow apportionment, Poplar River Basin, Montana-Saskatchewan: Main Report, 
International Souns-Red Rivers Board, Poplar River Task Force, 43 pp 



A3-3 



then a continuous minimum flow of 0.057 cubic metres per second (2.0 cubic 
feet per second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar 
River at the International Boundary during the succeeding period June 1st 
through August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.028 cubic metres per second 
(1.0 cubic feet per second) shall then be maintained from September 1st 
through to May 3 1st of the following year. In addition, a volume of 617 cubic 
decameters (500 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon 
demand at any time during the 12-month period commencing June 1st. 



(iii) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as determined 

below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the immediately preceding 
March 1st to May 31st period is greater than 9,250 cubic decameters (7,500 
acre-feet), but does not exceed 14,800 cubic decameters (12,000 acre-feet), 
then a continuous minimum flow of 0.085 cubic metres per second (3.0 cubic 
feet per second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar 
River at the International Boundary during the succeeding period June 1st 
through August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.057 cubic metres per second 
(2.0 cubic feet per second) shall then be maintained from September 1st 
through to May 31st of the following year. In addition, a volume of 617 cubic 
decameters (500 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon 
demand at any time during the 12 month period commencing June 1st. 

(iv) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar, as determined below 

the confluence of Goose Creek, during the immediately preceding March 1st 
to May 31st period exceeds 14,800 cubic decameters (12,000 acre-feet) then a 
continuous minimum flow of 0.085 cubic metres per second (3.0 cubic feet 
per second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar River at 
the International Boundary during the succeeding period June 1st through 
August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.057 cubic metres per second (2.0 
cubic feet per second) shall then be maintained from September 1st through to 
May 31st of the following year. In addition, a volume of 1,230 cubic 
decameters (1,000 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon 
demand at any time during the 12-month period commencing June 1st. 

(c) The natural flow at the International Boundary in each of the remaining 

individual tributaries shall not be depleted by more than 60 percent of its 
natural flow. 



3. The natural flow and division periods for apportionment purposes shall be determined, 

unless otherwise specified, for periods of time commensurate with the uses and 
requirements of both countries. 



A3-4 



ANNEX 4 



CONVERSION FACTORS 



A4-1 



CONVERSION FACTORS 



o 



ac = 4,047 m 3 = 0.04047 ha 

ac-ft = 1,233.5 m 3 = 1.2335 dam 3 

C = 5/9(°F-32) 

cm = 0.3937 in. 

cm 2 = 0.155 in 

dam 3 = 1 ,000 m 3 = 0.8 1 07 ac-ft 

ft 3 = 28.3171 x 10°m 3 

ha 10,000 m 2 = 2.471 ac 

hm = 100 m =328.08 ft 

hm 3 = lxl0 6 m 3 

I. gpm = 0.0758 L/s 

in = 2.54 cm 

kg = 2.20462 lb = 1.1 x 10 3 tons 

km = 0.62137 miles 

km 2 = 0.3861 mi 2 

L 0.3532 ft 3 = 0.21997 I. gal = 0.26420 U.S. gal 

L/s 0.035 cfs = 13.193 I. gpm = 15.848 U.S. gpm 

m = 3.2808 ft 

m 2 = 10.765 ft 2 

m 3 1,000 L = 35.3144 ft 3 = 219.97 I. gal= 264.2 U.S. gal 

m 3 /s = 35.314 cfs 

mm = 0.00328 ft 

tonne 1 ,000 kg = 1 . 1 023 ton (short) 

U.S. gpm = 0.063117s 

For Air Samples 

ppm = 100 pphm = 1000 x (Molecular Weight of substance/24.45) mg/m 



A4-3 



c 
c 

c 



: 
: