# Patent

## Title
Modular stack light with central connectors

## Abstract

An in-line sound module for a modular stack light system provides electrical and mechanical connectors to allow it to be placed anywhere in the stack. Axial orientation of the audio transducer and a flexible jumpering system allow preservation of central connectors between modules. In-line configuration permits multiple sound modules to be used in a stack light and to be teamed with different beacon modules. In one embodiment the in-line sound module may also include lamps to provide beacon functionality.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/082,247, filed Mar. 28, 2016, which, in turn, is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/153,568, filed Jan. 13, 2014, which has now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,307,309, and the entire contents of each of the afore-mentioned applications are incorporated herein by reference.


BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The present invention relates to “stack-lights”, a structure used to convey operating and warning information in industrial environments, and in particular to a stack light that provides for a sound module that can be placed between beacon modules in the stack.
Stack lights provide a short tower of different colored beacons that may be attached to, or in the proximity to, industrial equipment to provide a visual indication of equipment operating status to workers in the area. The tower promotes the visibility of the beacon lamps at different angles and locations while the different colors of the lamps as well as possible different flashing modes of lamps permit reliable communication of multiple types of information in a possibly noisy environment. In a typical installation, a simple stack light might have a red light indicating a machine failure or emergency, a yellow light indicating warnings such as over-temperature or over-pressure, and a green light confirming correct machine operation. Other combinations and colors are also possible.
Stack lights are typically constructed in a modular fashion, with multiple beacon modules “stacked”, the first one on a base unit and then each on top of the next. This modular construction allows the number, color, and order of the beacons to be flexibly selected by customer. Each beacon module includes a lamp (for example an incandescent or LED assembly) held within a transparent housing, for example a cylindrical colored tube, through which the lamp may be viewed. Upper and lower electrical connectors allow interconnection of the beacons to each other or a base to form the tower. Each beacon module also includes an internal electrical conductor system that communicates electrical signals from the bottom of the module to its top so that when the modules are assembled together, electrical continuity is established along the height of the tower between the base and the various modules without the need for separate wiring operations.
Typically each base provides a wire terminal block that may receive electrical wiring from an external switch source that controls the lighting of the beacons. Often that external switch source is an input/output (I/O) module associated with a programmable industrial control unit. Important status information developed during the execution of a control program on the industrial control unit may be relayed to the slack light for display.
In this regard, the stack light normally receives a power “common” together with multiple “signal lines” each which controls the power to a given beacon. The internal electrical connector system of the beacon modules communicates each signal line from the given beacon module to the next beacon module in a manner that shifts the signal wires so to connect a different signal wire to the lamps of each module depending solely on the order of the module in the stack.
It may be desired to add an audio alarm to the beacon modules of the stack light so as to consolidate warning systems in one location. For this purpose, a sound module may be constructed to be placed in the topmost position of the stack to receive electrical signal in the same manner as a beacon module but to energize an audio transducer rather than a lamp.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
The present invention provides a sound module that may be placed in-line between, for example, two beacon modules of a stack light. By permitting such in-line placement, multiple sound modules may be readily placed in a single stack light, and visually desirable upper locations in the light stack may be reserved for beacon modules. In one embodiment, a combined beacon and sound module is provided that may be flexibly placed anywhere in the stack. Providing a combined sound module and beacon module not only conserves tower height but also permits synchronized audio and light messages particularly useful for recorded spoken voices associated with given displays.
Specifically then, in one embodiment, the invention provides an in-line sound module for use in a stack light of the type providing a set of beacon modules interlocking to each other and to a base unit by means of interlocking mechanical connectors and interfitting electrical connectors positioned at a top and bottom of each beacon module and at a top of the base unit, the mechanical connectors and electrical connectors together allowing multiple beacon modules and one base to be mechanically assembled into a tower with electrical communication between the base and each beacon module. The in-line sound module includes a housing having sidewalls defining a chamber between an upper and lower face. First and second mechanical connectors are positioned, respectively, at the upper and lower face and adapted to releasably interlock with corresponding mechanical connectors of the beacon modules or a base, and first and second electrical connectors are positioned, respectively, at the upper and lower face and adapted to releasably interface with corresponding electrical connectors of beacon modules or a base. An audio transducer is held within the chamber to direct sound into the chamber and through openings in the sidewall and electrical conductors extending between the first and second electrical connectors and from the second electrical connector to the audio transducer.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to provide a sound module that does not need to claim the top position of the tower bus providing improved aesthetics, flexibility, and the ability to use multiple sound modules in a given stack light.
The audio transducer may provide for electrically induced movement along an axis generally centered within the housing extending between the upper and lower faces.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to permit an orientation of the audio transmitter well adapted for “Omni” radiation patterns and minimizing module height and visual obstruction by the audio transducer.
The active surface of the audio transducer may have an area of at least 50% of a cross-sectional area of the chamber perpendicular to the axis.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to maximize the area of the audio transducer for increased sound output and low range frequency response.
The first and second electrical connectors may be substantially centered within the upper and lower face and the conductors between the first and second electrical connectors are flexible to route around an edge of the audio transducer.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to permit use of the sound module with beacons having center connector arrangements.
The conductors between the first and second electrical connectors may be side-by-side parallel conductive elements supported in a common flexible matrix.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to provide a conductor routing system that permits large transducer areas.
The in-line sound module may further include a sound directing structure within the chamber directing axial sound waves from the audio transducer through a sidewall.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to provide flexibility in the orientation of the transducer independent of the necessary propagation directions of the sound through the use of a sound director.
The sound directing structure provides a horn element.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to provide improved acoustic impedance matching between the audio transducer and the surrounding air in a compact in-line module.
The sound directing structure may be movable to change a direction of the directing of axial sound waves from the audio transducer through a sidewall.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to permit focusing of the sound in particular directions as may be required in a factory environment.
The in-line sound module may further include at least one lamp within the housing and wherein electrical conductors extend between at least one lamp and the second connector.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to permit combining beacon modules and sound modules, for example, for improved synchronization between sound and beacon activity.
The audio transducer may form one wall of the chamber.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to provide improved coupling of the audio transducer to air within the chamber.
The invention may provide a plastic dome cover having a lower face having a second mechanical connector adapted to releasably interlock with corresponding mechanical connectors of the beacon modules or the base.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to permit alternative top treatments for the stack when the sound module need not be placed at the top of the stack.
The plastic dome cover may be transparent and further includes at least one lamp and an electrical conductor positioned on the lower face and adapted to releasably interface with corresponding electrical connectors of the beacon modules or the base.
It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the invention to permit the prominent top of the stack to be used for a beacon module.
These particular features and advantages may apply to only some embodiments falling within the claims and thus do not define the scope of the invention.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a stack light assembled on a base with several beacon modules, in-line sound modules, and a dome and showing elevational cross-sections of one beacon module with one audio in-line module having an internal chamber supporting an audio transducer;
FIG. 2 is an elevational cross-section of the in-line sound module of FIG. 1 taken in a perpendicular plane of the cross-section of FIG. 1 showing the routing of the electrical connections around the audio transducer with a flexible conductor;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of an external rotatable sound direction sleeve that may fit over the in-line sound module;
FIG. 4 is a side-by-side plan cross-section and fragmentary elevational cross-section of the chamber of FIG. 1 holding an internal rotatable sound director;
FIG. 5 is an elevational cross-section of a dome module for fitting on top of the stack light;
FIG. 6 is an elevational cross-section of an alternative embodiment of the in-line sound module showing alternative transducer locations and a circuit card for synthesis of different audio tones; and
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an audio synthesis circuit for use with FIG. 6.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to FIG. 1a stack light 10 constructed according to the present invention may be assembled of multiple interlocking beacon modules 12a and 12b and multiple in-line sound modules 14a and 14b, a dome 18 and a base module 16.
In one embodiment, the lowest most base module 16 may provide a lower flange 19 having one or more openings 20 for receiving machine screws 22 or the like to fasten the flange 19 and hence the base module 16 to a surface 24 of a machine or the like.
The upper surface of the base module 16 (shown as a figure inset) may expose a centered electrical connector 26a that may attach to a corresponding electrical connector 26b on the lower surfaces of the lowest beacon module 12b. 
Generally, a connector similar to electrical connector 26b will also be on the lower surface of the other beacon module 12a and the in-line sound modules 14a and 14b and dome 18 (in some embodiments). Further, electrical connectors 26 similar to electrical connector 26a will also exist on the upper surface of each of the beacon modules 12 and in-line sound modules 14. In this way, inter-engagement of electrical connectors 26 in the assembled stack light 10 may provide electrical communication between each of the base module, 16 beacon modules 12, in-line sound modules 14 and dome 18 as will be described.
The upper end of the base module 16 also provides a portion of a mechanical interlocking system used to hold the modules together in a tower. This portion of the mechanical interlocking system is in the form of radially extending tabs 28. Similar radially extending tabs 28 exist at the upper end of each of the beacon modules 12 and the in-line sound modules 14.
The radially extending tabs 28 may be received by a second portion of the mechanical interlocking system in the form of twist type bayonet rings 30 rotatably affixed to the lower ends of each of the beacon modules 12, in-line sound modules 14, and dome 18. Such bayonet rings 30, as generally understood in the art, provide ledges on their inner diameter that may capture the radially extending tabs 28 against a helical ledge in the manner of inter-engaging threads while providing a slight pocket at the end of rotation forming a detent that locks the tabs 28 and bayonet rings 30 into predetermined compression.
Inter-engagement tabs 28 and bayonet rings 30 allow the base module 16, the beacon modules 12, the in-line sound module 14, and the dome 18 to be assembled into the stack light 10. This assembly creates a tower extending generally upward from the base module 16 through one or more beacon modules 12 and one or more in-line sound modules 14 each of which may be independently controlled to display a predetermined color of illumination or audio signal depending on the module type. An O-ring seal 38 may be provided at the junction between adjacent attached beacon modules 12, in-line sound modules 14, base module 16, and dome 18 to reduce the ingress of environmental contamination when the modules are connected.
Referring still to FIG. 1, each of the beacon modules 12 and in-line sound modules 14 may provide a housing 32, for example, constructed of electrically insulating thermoplastic. In the following example, where the in-line sound module 14 also provides for beacon functionality, the housings 32 of both of the beacon modules 12 and in-line sound modules 14 will be of transparent (possibly tinted) thermoplastic to allow the passage of light, it will be understood that when an in-line sound module 14 does not include a lamp, an opaque thermoplastic material may be employed.
The housings 32 may generally present a cylindrical periphery in diameter consistent among the modules. Standard diameters for stack lights 10 include 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm and 100 mm.
The depicted lowermost beacon module 12b may receive from the base module 16 a common voltage along common conductor 34 and multiple signal conductors 35. The conductors may be received through lowermost connector 26b when joined with connector 26a. In this regard, electrical connectors 26a and 26b, for example, may be male and female versions of the same connector to be mechanically inter-engageable or may be identical connectors reoriented as in the case of hermaphrodite connector systems.
For simplicity, the electrical connectors 26a and 26b (and all connectors 26 in FIG. 2) are depicted with only four conductive inserts 41 (for example, conductive pins or sockets) which may each receive the common conductor 34 and three signal conductors 35a-35c. As is understood in the art, each conductive insert 41 provides an electrically independent conductive path within mating electrical connectors 26.
Referring still to FIG. 1, the connector 26b in beacon module 12b may be attached to and communicate with, for example, a printed circuit board 40 carrying on it multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs) 42. As shown, LEDs 42 are connected between the common conductor 34 and signal conductor 35a attached to inserts 41 occupying the extreme left and right positions of the connector 26b. Accordingly, electrical power applied to signal conductor 35a will energize the LEDs 42 of beacon module 12b so that the light may be viewed through transparent housing 63.
Although the LEDs 42 are shown connected in parallel, series connections are also possible using constant current driving circuitry. Current sharing resistances for each LED 42 when connected in parallel have been omitted for clarity.
The upper edge of the circuit board 40, in turn, may attach to a connector 26c being, as noted, identical to connector 26a. Circuit traces on a printed circuit board 40 provide common conductor 34 and join identical locations of connectors 26b and 26c (in the leftmost position as shown in FIG. 1). Signal conductor 35a used to control the LEDs 42 of beacon module 12a do not pass to connector 26c, however, and signal conductors 35b and 35c are attached to connector 26c after being shifted one connector position to the right so that signal conductor 35b is now at the rightmost conductive insert 41 of connector 26c. 
It will be understood that each of the beacon modules 12 and in-line sound modules 14 will have generally the same interconnections between their lower and upper connectors 26. In this way, as signals move upward through the beacon modules 12 or in-line sound modules 14, the identity of the rightmost signal line in the receiving lower connector 26 will be a function of the order of the given module in the stack of the tower. This automatically provides independent electrical conductors from the base module 16 to each given beacon module 12 or in-line sound module 14 according to module stack order without the need for adjustment of the internal wiring of the beacon modules 12 and in-line sound modules 14 or the setting of internal addresses or the like. The number of conductive inserts 41 in the connector 26 and signal conductors 35 determine the limit of the number of beacon modules 12 and in-line sound modules 14 that may be stacked in this manner.
Referring still to FIG. 1, the depicted lowermost in-line sound module 14b will have a connector 26d engaging with connector 26c of lowermost beacon module 12b when the two are attached. This connector 26d may likewise be attached to a first printed circuit board 50a contained within the housing 32 of the in-line sound module 14, but unlike printed circuit board 40 of beacon module 12b, circuit board 50a extends only part way up the inside of the housing 32 stopping just below an audio transducer 52 forming a lower wall of an audio chamber 54 in the housing 32. This lower wall extends generally perpendicularly to an axis 56 of the housing 32 generally aligned with an axis of symmetry of the cylinder of the housing 32 and extending between the lower connector 26 and an upper connector 26c of the housing 32.
The circuit board 50a may include a subset of the LEDs 42 of the in-line sound module 14b attached in the same manner as in beacon module 12b. All of the traces of the printed circuit board 50a terminate at solder pads 62 at its upper edge as will be discussed below.
The audio transducer 52 may be a brass plate having an adhered piezoelectric material, or maybe a dynamic audio transducer employing coil and magnet technology as is generally understood in the art. The audio transducer 52 is generally supported at its edges near the inner walls of the housing 32 so that flexure of an active surface of the audio transducer 52 generates acoustic pressure waves traveling upward along axis 56. The edges of the audio transducer 52 may be substantially sealed to the housing 32 to prevent acoustic leakage therethrough.
An upper wall of the audio chamber 54 may be provided by a transparent thermoplastic wall 58 providing a shape that forms an acoustic horn guiding acoustic energy from the transducer 52 out of openings 60 distributed around the side wall of the housing 32. As is understood in the art, an acoustic horn is a shape dial provides an improved acoustic impedance match between a sound source and free air.
A center section of the thermoplastic wall 58 is depressed in the horn shape to receive a second printed circuit board 50b. Referring also to FIG. 2, solder pads 64 at a lower edge of the printed circuit board 50b may communicate with solder pads 62 of printed circuit board 50a by means of a juniper 66, being, for example, a flexible printed circuit board having parallel conductors 68 held in a flexible insulator 70 or a section of ribbon cable or the like. The jumper 66 allows continuity to be established between circuit boards 50a and 50b despite the interposition of the acoustic transducer 52 by diverting conductors around an edge of the acoustic transducer 52 and wall 58 through small openings for this purpose. The upper edge of circuit board 50b attaches to a connector 26e in the same manner as described with respect to beacon module 12b. 
Circuit board 50b holds a remaining subset of the LEDs 42, wired as with the previous subset on circuit board 50a between the common conductor 34 and the leftmost conductor (in this case, signal conductor 35b). The same shifting right of the traces of the printed circuit board 50b is performed before receipt of those conductors by connector 26e attached at the upper edge of circuit board 50b. 
Referring now to FIG. 3, a rotatable sleeve 71 may be fit around the outer cylindrical periphery of the housing 32 of either or both of the in-line sound modules 14 to cover some openings 60 and to expose other opening 60 within a limited angular range aligned with a window 72 in the sleeve 71. In this way, sleeve 71 may be used to direct sound preferentially in a limited range of corrections by rotation of the sleeve 71.
Referring now to FIG. 4, alternatively, a focusing director 74 may be placed inside of the housing 32 between the lower wall of the chamber 54 formed by acoustic transducer 52 and the upper wall 58 of the chamber. This focusing director blocks the exit of sound through a range of the opening 60 to provide a similar focusing of sound in one direction as provided by sleeve 71. Director 74 may be manipulated by means of a knob 76 protruding through a slot passing partially around the outer wall of the housing 32.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the construction of an in-line sound module 14 allows the uppermost position of the tower to be occupied, for example, by a simple plastic dome 80 constructed of a transparent thermoplastic material and having a lower bayonet ring 30 to attach to an uppermost beacon module 12 or in-line sound module 14. This dome 80 provides a low profile finished look to the tower that protects any upper connector 26 of the penultimate module. In one embodiment, the dome 80 may also include a circuit board 82 having LEDs 42 to provided beacon functionality. The circuit board 82 is connected at its lower edge to a connector 26f so as to permit the dome 80 to receive the necessary signal conductor 35.
Referring now to FIG. 6, it will be appreciated that the in-line sound modules 14 need not include lamp assemblies of LEDs 42 and thus may provide for an opaque housing 32′. In one embodiment, both a lower wall of the chamber 54 and upper wall of the chamber 54 may be formed of separate acoustic elements 52a and 52b, for example, to provide for greater sound output. Either one of the circuit boards 50a or 50b may include a sound modulation module 86 allowing a variety of different sounds to be generated beyond a simple steady tone, for example intermittent tones having different frequencies, tones that rise and fall in frequency, and the like.
Referring to FIG. 7, electrical power from the signal conductor 35 activating the in-line sound module 14 may be provided to a sound function generator 90 communicating with the audio transducer 52 and with a switch 92 and one or more control potentiometers 94 allowing selection of the particular audio tone and its parameters, for example volume, upper tone frequency, lower tone frequency, and modulation speed.
Certain terminology is used herein for purposes of reference only, and thus is not intended to be limiting. For example, terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “above”, and “below” refer to directions in the drawings to which reference is made. Terms such as “front”, “back”, “rear”, “bottom” and “side”, describe the orientation of portions of the component within a consistent but arbitrary frame of reference which is made clear by reference to the text and the associated drawings describing the component under discussion. Such terminology may include the words specifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import. Similarly, the terms “first”, “second” and other such numerical terms referring to structures do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context.
When introducing elements or features of the present disclosure and the exemplary embodiments, the articles “a”, “an”, “the” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of such elements or features. The terms “comprising”, “including” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements or features other titan those specifically noted. It is further to be understood that the method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood dial additional or alternative steps may be employed.
It is specifically intended that the present invention not be limited to the embodiments and illustrations contained herein and the claims should be understood to include modified forms of those embodiments including portions of the embodiments and combinations of elements of different embodiments as come within the scope of the following claims. All of the publications described herein, including patents and non-patent publications, are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
It is specifically intended that the present invention not be limited to the embodiments and illustrations contained herein and the claims should be understood to include modified forms of those embodiments, including portions of the embodiments and combinations of elements of different embodiments as come within the scope of the following claims.

## Claims

1. An in-line module for use in a stack light of a type providing a set of beacon modules interlocking to each other and to a base unit by means of interlocking mechanical connectors and interfitting electrical connectors positioned at a top and bottom of each beacon module and at a top of the base unit, the mechanical connectors and electrical connectors together allowing multiple beacon modules and one base to be mechanically assembled into a tower with electrical communication between the base and each beacon module, the in-line module comprising:
a housing having an upper face, a lower face, and sidewalls, wherein the sidewalks extend longitudinally between the upper face and the lower face and define a chamber between the upper and lower face;
a circuit board extending longitudinally within the chamber of the housing, the circuit board having a first end proximate the lower face and a second end proximate the upper face;
a first set of terminals, wherein each terminal in the first set of terminals is spaced apart from each other and located along the first end of the circuit board;
a second set of terminals, wherein each terminal in the second set of terminals is spaced apart from each other and located along the second end of the circuit board;
a first opening in the housing, the first opening located in the lower face of the housing and aligned with the first set of terminals;
a second opening in the housing, the second opening located in the upper face of the housing and aligned with the second set of terminals, wherein the second set of terminals releasably connects with the first set of terminals in another in-line module through the second and first openings, respectively;
a first mechanical connector positioned at the lower face; and
a second mechanical connector positioned at the upper face, wherein:
the second mechanical connector releasably interlocks with the first mechanical connector on another in-line module,
the first mechanical connector extends for a first height from the lower face of the housing,
the first end of the circuit hoard terminates a second height from the lower face of the housing,
the first opening in the housing is defined by an inner periphery of the first mechanical connector,
the second mechanical connector is integrally formed on an outer periphery of the housing proximate the upper face, and
the outer periphery of the housing proximate the upper face is inserted within the first mechanical connector of another in-line module to engage the second mechanical connector integrally formed on the outer periphery of the housing proximate the upper face with the first mechanical connector of the other in-line module.

2. The in-line module of claim 1 wherein the second opening includes at least one slot extending through the upper face.

3. An inline module for use in a stack light of a type providing a set of beacon modules interlocking to each other and to a base unit by means of interlocking mechanical connectors and interfitting electrical connectors positioned at a top and bottom of each beacon module and at a top of the base unit, the mechanical connectors and electrical connectors together allowing multiple beacon modules and one base to be mechanically assembled into a tower with electrical communication between the base and each beacon module, the in-line module comprising:
a housing having an upper face, a lower face, and sidewalls, wherein the sidewalls extend longitudinally between the upper face and the lower face and define a chamber between the upper and lower face;
a circuit board extending longitudinally within the chamber of the housing, the circuit board having a first end proximate the lower face and a second end proximate the upper face;
a first set of terminals, wherein each terminal in the first set of terminals is spaced apart from each other and located along the first end of the circuit board;
a second set of terminals, wherein each terminal in the second set of terminals is spaced apart from each other and located along the second end of the circuit board, and wherein each terminal of the first and second set of terminals is one end of a trace on the circuit board;
a first opening in the housing, the first opening located in the lower face of the housing and aligned with the first set of terminals;
a second opening in the housing, the second opening located in the upper face of the housing and aligned with the second set of terminals, wherein the second set of terminals releasably connects with the first set of terminals in another in-line module through the second and first openings, respectively; and
at least one lamp within the housing, wherein:
a first terminal in the first set of terminals, a first terminal in the second set of terminals, and a first trace extending between the first terminal in each of the first and second set of terminals each conducts a reference voltage, and
each of the other terminals in the first set of terminals, each of the other terminals in the second set of terminals, and a plurality of additional traces connected between the first and second set of terminals each conduct a control signal.

4. The in-line module of claim 3 wherein:
each of the first and second set of terminals includes an identical number of terminals;
each trace conducting a control signal is connected at a first position in the first set of terminals;
each trace conducting a control signal is connected at a second position in the second set of terminals; and
each trace is shifted one position between the second set of terminals from and the first set of terminals.

5. The in-line module of claim 4 wherein each lamp is connected between the reference voltage and one of the traces conducting a control signal.

6. The in-line module of claim 3 wherein the lamp is at least one LED.

7. An in-line module for use in a stack light of a type providing a set of beacon modules interlocking to each other and to a base unit by means of interlocking mechanical connectors and interfitting electrical connectors positioned at a top and bottom of each beacon module and at a top of the base unit, the mechanical connectors and electrical connectors together allowing multiple beacon modules and one base to be mechanically assembled into a tower with electrical communication between the base and each beacon module, the in-line module comprising:
a housing having an upper face, a lower face, and sidewalls, wherein the sidewalls extend longitudinally between the upper face and the lower face and define a chamber between the upper and lower face;
a circuit board extending longitudinally within the chamber of the housing, the circuit board having a first end proximate the lower face and a second end proximate the upper face;
a first set of terminals, wherein each terminal in the first set of terminals is spaced apart from each other and located along the first end of the circuit board;
a second set of terminals, wherein each terminal in the second set of terminals is spaced apart from each other and located along the second end of the circuit board, and
a first opening in the housing, the first opening located in the lower face of the housing and aligned with the first set of terminals;
a second opening in the housing, the second opening located in the upper face of the housing and aligned with the second set of terminals, wherein the second set of terminals releasably connects with the first set of terminals in another in-line module through the second and first openings, respectively;
an audio transducer positioned within the chamber to direct sound into the chamber and through at least one opening in the sidewall;
electrical conductors extending from the second set of terminals to the audio transducer; and
a sound directing structure within the chamber directing axial sound weaves from the audio transducer through the at least one opening in the sidewall.

8. A stack light comprising:
a plurality of interconnected beacon modules, wherein each interconnected beacon module includes:
a beacon housing having an upper face, a lower face, and sidewalls, wherein the sidewalls extend longitudinally between the upper face and the lower face and define a chamber between the upper and lower face;
a circuit board extending longitudinally within the chamber of the beacon housing, the circuit board having a first end proximate the lower face and a second end proximate the upper face;
a first set of terminals, wherein each terminal in the first set of terminals is spaced apart from each other and located along the first end of the circuit board;
a second set of terminals, wherein each terminal in the second set of terminals is spaced apart from each other and located along the second end of the circuit board;
a first opening in the housing, the first opening located in the lower face of the housing and aligned with the first set of terminals;
a second opening in the housing, the second opening located in the upper face of the housing and aligned with the second set of terminals, wherein the second set of terminals releasably connects with the first set of terminals in another beacon module through the second and first openings, respectively;
a first mechanical connector positioned at the lower face of the beacon housing;
a second mechanical connector positioned at the upper face of the beacon housing, wherein:
the second mechanical connector releasably interlocks with the first mechanical connector on another beacon module,
a base further includes a mechanical connector releasably interlocking with the first mechanical connector of one of the plurality of beacon modules,
the first mechanical connector on the beacon housing extends for a first height from the lower face of the beacon housing,
the first end of the circuit board terminates a second height from the lower face of the beacon housing,
the first opening in the beacon housing is defined by an inner periphery of the first mechanical connector,
the second mechanical connector on the beacon housing is integrally formed on an outer periphery of the beacon housing proximate the upper face,
the outer periphery of the beacon housing proximate the upper face is inserted within the first mechanical connector of another beacon module to engage the second mechanical connector integrally formed on the outer periphery of the beacon housing proximate the upper face with the first mechanical connector of the other beacon module, and
the mechanical connector on the base is integrally formed on an outer periphery of the base housing and releasably engages the first mechanical connector of one of the plurality of beacon modules; and


the base, wherein the base includes:
a base housing having a top face;
an electrical connector releasably interfacing with the first set of terminals in one of the beacon modules, wherein the electrical connector is substantially centered within the top face of the base housing;
a terminal block electrically communicating with the electrical connector; and
a mounting flange providing openings for receiving machine screws to attach the mounting flange to a surface.

9. The stack light of claim 8 wherein the second opening in each beacon module includes at least one slot extending through the upper face.

10. The stack light of claim 8 wherein each beacon module further includes at least one lamp within the beacon housing and wherein for each beacon module:
a first terminal in the first set of terminals, a first terminal in the second set of terminals, and a first trace extending between the first terminal in each of the first and second set of terminals each conducts a reference voltage; and
each of the other terminals in the first set of terminals, each of the other terminals in the second set of terminals, and a plurality of additional traces connected between the first and second set of terminals each conduct a control signal.

11. The stack light, of claim 10 wherein for each beacon module:
each of the first and second set of terminals includes an identical number of terminals;
each trace conducting a control signal is connected at a first position in the first set of terminals;
each trace conducting a control signal is connected at a second position in the second set of terminals; and
each trace is shifted one position between the second set of terminals and the first set of terminals.

12. The stack light of claim 11 wherein the at least one lamp in each beacon module is connected between the reference voltage and one of the traces conducting a control signal.

13. The stack light of claim 8 further comprising an in-line sound module, wherein the in-line sound module provides:
a sound module housing having an upper face, a lower face, and sidewalls, wherein the sidewalls extend longitudinally between the upper face and the lower face and define a chamber between the upper and lower face;
a circuit board extending longitudinally within at least a portion of the chamber of the sound module housing, the circuit board having a first end proximate the lower face and a second end proximate the upper face;
a first set of terminals, wherein each terminal in the first set of terminals is spaced apart from each other and located along the first end of the circuit board, wherein the first set of terminals of the sound module releasably connects with the second set of terminals in one of the beacon modules or with the electrical connector in the base;
a second set of terminals, wherein each terminal in the second set of terminals is spaced apart from each other and located along the second end of the circuit board;
a first mechanical connector positioned at the lower face of the sound module housing, wherein the first mechanical connector releasably interlocks with a second mechanical connector of one of the beacon modules or with the mechanical connector of the base;
a second mechanical connector positioned at the upper face of the sound module housing, wherein the second mechanical connector releasably interlocks with a first mechanical connector of one of the beacon modules; and
an audio transducer positioned within the chamber of the sound module housing to direct sound into the chamber and through openings in the sidewall.

14. The stack light of claim 13 wherein the sound module further includes a sound directing structure within the chamber directing axial sound waves from the audio transducer through the openings in the sidewall.

15. An in-line module for use in a stack light of a type providing a set of beacon modules interlocking to each other by means of interlocking mechanical connectors and interfitting electrical connectors positioned at a top and bottom of each beacon module, the mechanical connectors and electrical connectors together allowing multiple beacon modules to be mechanically assembled into a tower with electrical communication between each beacon module, the in-line module comprising:
a housing having an upper end, a lower end, and sidewalls, wherein the sidewalls extend longitudinally between the upper end and the lower end and define a chamber between the upper and lower ends;
a circuit board extending longitudinally within the chamber of the housing, wherein the circuit board has a first end and a second end, the second end opposite the first end;
a first set of terminals located along the first end of the circuit board;
a second set of terminals located along the second end of the circuit board;
a first opening in the lower end of the housing, the first opening aligned with the first set of terminals;
at least one second opening in the upper end of the housing, the at least one second opening aligned with the second set of terminals, wherein the second set of terminals releasably connects with the first set of terminals in another in-line module;
a first mechanical connector at the lower end of the housing; and
a second mechanical connector at the upper end of the housing, wherein:
the second mechanical connector releasably interlocks with the first mechanical connector on another in-line module,
the first opening in the housing is defined by an inner periphery of the first mechanical connector,
the second mechanical connector is integrally formed on an outer periphery of the housing proximate the upper end, and
the outer periphery of the housing proximate the upper end is inserted within the first mechanical connector of another in-line module to engage the second mechanical connector with the first mechanical connector of the other in-line module.

16. The in-line module of claim 15 further comprising:
at least one lamp within the housing;
a first terminal in the first set of terminals, a first terminal in the second set of terminals, and a first trace extending between the first terminal in each of the first and second set of terminals configured to conduct a reference voltage, and
each of the other terminals in the first set of terminals, each of the other terminals in the second set of terminals, and a plurality of additional traces connected between the first and second set of terminals configured to conduct a control signal, wherein each lamp is connected between the reference voltage and one of the additional traces conducting a control signal.

17. The in-line module of claim 16 wherein each lamp is at least one LED.

18. The in-line module of claim 16 wherein:
each of the first and second set of terminals includes an identical number of terminals;
each additional trace is connected at a first position in the first set of terminals;
each additional trace connected at a second position in the second set of terminals; and
each additional trace is shifted one position between the second set of terminals and the first set of terminals.

19. The in-line module of claim 15 further comprising:
an audio transducer positioned within the chamber to direct sound into the chamber and through at least one opening in the sidewall;
electrical conductors extending from the circuit board to the audio transducer; and
a sound directing structure within the chamber directing axial sound waves from the audio transducer through the at least one opening in the sidewall.