s 

333.91 

M26PRAR 

2003 



2003 ANNUAL REPORT 

to the 

GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA, UNITED STATES, 

SASKATCHEWAN AND MONTANA 



by the 

POPLAR RIVER 

BILATERAL MONITORING 

COMMIHEE 

COVERING CALENDAR YEAR 2003 



\ \{k /STATE DOCUMENTS COLLECTION 

Scobey 




JAN 1 4 2005 



MONTANA STATE LIbKARY 

1515 E. 6th AVE. 
HELENA r«ONTAM^ 5962C 






November 2004 



ktontana Stats Ubmi 



3 0864 1003 2744 7 



2003 ANNUAL REPORT 



to the 



GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA, UNITED STATES, 
SASKATCHEWAN, AND MONTANA 



by the 



POPLAR RIVER BILATERAL MONITORING COMMITTEE 
COVERING CALENDAR YEAR 2003 



November 2004 



Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee 



Department of State 
Washington, D.C., United States 



Governor's Office 
State of Montana 
Helena, Montana, United States 

Ladies and Gentlemen: 



Department of Foreign Affairs 
and International Trade Canada 
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 

Saskatchewan Environment 
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada 



Herein is the 23rd Annual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. This report discusses the 
Committee activities of 2003 and presents the Technical Monitoring Schedules for the year 2004. 

During 2003, the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee continued to fulfil the responsibilities assigned by 
the governments under the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Agreement dated September 23, 1980. Through 
exchange of Diplomatic Notes in March 1987, July 1992, July 1997, and March 2002, the Arrangement was 
extended. The Monitoring Committee is currently extended to March 2007. 

The enclosed report summarizes current water-quality conditions and compares them to guidelines for specific 
parameter values that were developed by the International Joint Commission under the 1977 Reference from 
Canada and the United States. After evaluation of the monitoring information for 2003, the Committee finds that 
the measured conditions meet the recommended objectives including boron and total dissolved solids (TDS). 
Concems over an upward trend in the concentrations of TDS in the East Poplar River between the late 1980's and 
1995 were investigated. The results of the investigation indicated that the temporal changes in TDS 
concentrations were most likely primarily linked to natural drought events. 

Based on UC recommendations, the United States was entitied to an on-demand release of 370 dam^ (300 acre- 
feet) from Cookson Reservoir in 2003. A volume of 386 dam^ (313 acre-feet) was delivered to the United States 
during this period. In addition, daily flows in 2003 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the UC 
except for June 7-11, June 13 to September 9, September 11, and December 28-31. 

Several changes were made in the Technical Monitoring Schedules for the year 2003. The ground-water 
monitoring network operated by SaskPower was reduced from 180 piezometers to about 85 piezometers after 
receiving approval from Saskatchewan Environment. This reduction was based upon modelling studies 
undertaken by SaskPower. In 2003, due to a reduction in available funding and using specific conductance to 
estimate TDS, the number of surface-water-quality samples collected at both Poplar River boundary stations by 
the U.S. Geological Survey was reduced from six per year to four per year. In 2004, the number of surface-water- 
quality samples collected at these stations will be reduced further, with the U.S. Geological Survey collecting 
four samples and Environment Canada collecting none. 



Yours sincerely, 



Robert Davis 
ChairmanJJnited States Sectron 




Richard Kellow 
Chairman, Canadian Section 



^Stults 
lember. United States Section 




TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Highlights for 2003 iii 

1.0 Introduction 1 

2.0 Committee Activities 2 

2.1 Membership 2 

2.2 Meetings : 2 

2.3 Review of Water-Quality Objectives 3 

2.4 Data Exchange 4 

3.0 Water and Air: Monitoring and Interpretations 6 

3.1 Poplar River Power Station Operation 6 

3.2 Surface Water 6 

3.2.1 Streamflow 6 

3.2.2 Apportionment 7 

3.2.3 Minimum Flows 7 

3.2.4 On-Demand Release 8 

3.2.5 Surface- Water Quality 9 

3.2.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 10 

3.2.5.2 Boron 15 

3.2.5.3 Other Water-Quality Variables 16 

3.3 Groundwater 18 

3.3.1 Operations 18 

3.3.2 Ground- Water Monitoring 20 

3.3.2.1 Saskatchewan 21 

3.3.2.2 Montana 23 

3.3.3 Ground- Water Quality 25 

3.3.3.1 Saskatchewan 25 

3.3.3.2 Montana 29 

3.4 Cookson Reservoir 30 

3.4.1 Storage 30 

3.4.2 Water Quality 32 

3.5 Air Quality 32 

3.6 Quality Control 32 

3.6.1 Streamflow 32 

3.6.2 Water Quality 33 

ANNEXES 

1 .0 Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement, Canada-United States Al 

2.0 Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement, Technical 

Monitoring Schedules, 2004, Canada-United States A2 

3.0 Recommended Flow Apportionment in the Poplar River Basin A3 

4.0 Conversion Factors A4 



TABLES 

Table 2.1 Water-Quality Objectives 5 

Table 3.1 Recommended Water-Quality Objectives and Excursions, 2003 Sampling 

Program, East Poplar River at International Boundary 17 

Table 3.2 Geologic Formation Name Equivalence between Saskatchewan and Montana 20 

Table 3.3 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Supplementary 

Water Supply Project Wells 25 

Table 3.4 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Salinity Control Project 

Wells Sampled at the Discharge Pipe 26 

Table 3.5 Cookson Reservoir Storage Statistics for 2003 30 

Table 3.6 Streamflow Measurement Results for August 6, 2003 33 

Table 3.7 East Poplar River Joint Water-Quality Sample Results for September 9, 2003 34 

FIGURES 



Figure 3.1 Discharge during 2003 as Compared with the Median Discharge from 

1931-2000 for the Poplar River at International Boundary 6 

Figure 3.2 Flow Hydrograph of the East Poplar River at International Boundary 8 

Figure 3.3 Cumulative Volume Hydrograph of On-Demand Release 9 

Figure 3.4 TDS Concentration for 2003 Water-Quality Samples from East Poplar 

River at the International Boundary 12 

Figure 3.5 Three-Month Moving Flow-Weighted TDS Concentration in 2003 for 

East Poplar River at the International Boundary 12 

Figure 3.6 Five- Year Moving Flow- Weighted TDS Concentration in 2003 for 

East Poplar River at the International Boundary 14 

Figure 3.7 Daily TDS Concentration, 1990 to 2003; East Poplar River at the International 

Boundary 14 

Figure 3.8 Daily Boron Concentration, 1990 to 2003; East Poplar River at the 

International Boundary 16 

Figure 3.9 Supplementary Water Supply 18 

Figure 3.10 Pumpage from Salinity Control Project 20 

Figure 3.11 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 22 

Figure 3.12 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 22 

Figure 3.13 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Fort Union and Hart Coal Aquifers 23 

Figure 3.14 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Alluvium and Fox Hills Aquifers 24 

Figure 3.15 Total Dissolved Solids in Samples from Montana Wells 29 

Figure 3.16 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Levels for 2003 and Median 

Daily Water Levels, 1993-2002 31 



HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2003 

The Poplar River Power Station completed its twentieth full year of operation in 2003. The two 
300-megawatt coal-fired units generated 4,470,455 gross megawatt hours (MWh) of electricity. 
The average capacity factors for Units No. 1 and 2 were 84.5 percent and 83.0 percent, 
respectively. The capacity factors are based on the maximum generating rating of 305 MW/h for 
both Unit No. 1 and Unit No. 2. Similar to other years, scheduled maintenance was completed in 
the spring and fall of 2003. 

Monitoring information collected in both Canada and the United States during 2003 was exchanged 
in the spring of 2004. Several changes were made in the Technical Monitoring Schedules for the 
year 2003. The ground- water monitoring network operated by SaskPower was reduced from 180 
piezometers to about 85 piezometers after approval from Saskatchewan Environment. This 
reduction was based upon modeling studies undertaken by SaskPower. In 2003, due to a reduction 
in available fiinding and using specific conductance to estimate total dissolved solids (TDS), the 
number of surface-water-quality samples collected at both Poplar River boundary stations by the 
U.S. Geological Survey was reduced from six per year to four per year. In 2004, the number of 
surface-water-quality samples collected at these stations will be reduced further, with the U.S. 
Geological Survey collecting four samples and Environment Canada collecting none. 

The recorded volume of the Poplar River at International Boundary from March 1 to May 3 1 , 2003 
was 10,050 dam^ (8,150 acre-feet). Based on International Joint Commission (IJC) recom- 
mendations and the assumption that the recorded flow is the natural flow, the United States was 
entitled to a minimum discharge on the East Poplar River of 0.085 cubic metres per second (mVs) 
(3.0 cubic feet per second (ft^/s)) for the period June 1, 2003 to August 31, 2003 and 0.057 m^/s 
(2.0 ftVs) for the period September 1, 2003 to May 31, 2004. The minimum flow of 0.028 mVs 
(1.0 ft^/s) for the period January 1 to May 31, 2003 had previously been determined on the basis of 
the Poplar River flow volume for March 1 to May 3 1 , 2002. Daily flows in 2003 met or exceeded 
the minimum flow recommended by the IJC except for June 7-11, June 13 to September 9, 
September 1 1 , and December 28-3 1 . 

In addition to the minimum flow, the IJC apportiormient recommendation entitles the United States 
to an on-demand release to be delivered on the East Poplar River during the twelve-month period 
commencing June 1. Based on the runoff volume of 3,960 dam^ (3,210 acre-feet) recorded at the 
Poplar River at International Boundary gauging station for March 1 through May 31, 2002, the 
United States was entitled to an additional release of 370 dam^ (300 acre-feet) from Cookson 
Reservoir during the succeeding twelve-month period commencing June 1, 2002. Montana 
requested this release to be made between May 1 and May 31, 2003. A volume of 386 dam^ (313 
acre-feet), in addition to the minimum flow, was delivered during this period. 

The 2003 five-year TDS flow-weighted concentrations were below the long-term objective of 
1,000 milligrams per litre (mg/L). The maximum monthly value calculated in 2003 was 887 mg/L, 
which was less than the maximum monthly value in 2002. Boron water-quality sample data was 
incomplete and no analysis was conducted. 



Ill 



1.0 INTRODUCTION 

The Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee was authorized for an initial period of five years by 
the Governments of Canada and the United States under the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring 
Arrangement dated September 23, 1980. A copy of the Arrangement is attached to this report as Annex 
1. Through exchange of Diplomatic Notes, the Arrangement was extended in March 1987, July 1992, 
July 1997, and March 2002. The current extension expires in March 2007. A more detailed account of 
the historical background of the Monitoring Arrangement is contained in the 1 990 Annual Report of the 
Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. 

The Committee oversees monitoring programs designed to evaluate the potential for transboundary 
impacts from SaskPower's (formerly Saskatchewan Power Corporation) coal-fired thermal generating 
station and ancillary operations near Coronach, Saskatchewan. Monitoring is conducted in Canada and 
the United States at or near the International Boundary for quantity and quality of surface and ground 
water and for air quality. Participants from both countries, including Federal, State and Provincial 
agencies, are involved in monitoring. 

The Committee submits an annual report to Governments which summarizes the monitoring results, 
evaluates apparent trends, and compares the data to objectives or standards recommended by the 
International Joint Commission (IJC) to Governments, or relevant State, Provincial, or Federal 
standards. The Committee reports to Governments on a calendar year basis. The Committee is also 
responsible for drawing to the attention of Governments definitive changes in monitored parameters 
which may require immediate attention. 

A responsibility of the Committee is to review the adequacy of the monitoring programs in both 
countries and make recommendations to Governments on the Technical Monitoring Schedules. The 
Schedules are updated annually for new and discontinued programs and for modifications in sampling 
frequencies, parameter lists, and analytical techniques of ongoing programs. The Technical Monitoring 
Schedules listed in the annual report (Annex 2) are given for the year 2004. The Committee will 
continue to review and propose changes to the Technical Monitoring Schedules as information 
requirements change. 



2.0 COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES 



2.1 Membership 



The Committee is composed of representatives of the Governments of the United States of America and 
Canada, the State Government of Montana, and the Provincial Government of Saskatchewan. In 
addition to the representatives of Governments, two ex-officio members serve as local representatives 
for the State of Montana and Province of Saskatchewan. 

During 2003, the members of the Committee included: Mr. R. Davis, U.S. Geological Survey, United 
States representative and Cochair; Mr. R. Kellow, Environment Canada, Canadian representative and 
Cochair; Mr. J. Stults, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Montana 
representative; Mr. C. Bosgoed, Saskatchewan Environment, Saskatchewan representative; Mr. C.W. 
Tande, Daniels County Commissioner, Montana local ex-officio representative; and Mr. J.R. Totten, 
Reeve, R.M. of Hart Butte, Saskatchewan local ex-officio representative. 

2.2 Meetings 

The Committee met on June 17-18, 2003, in Helena, Montana. Delegated representatives of 
Governments, with the exception of the two ex-officio members from Montana and Saskatchewan, 
attended the meeting. In addition to Committee members, several technical advisors representing 
Federal, State, and Provincial agencies participated in the meeting. During the meeting, the Committee 
reviewed the operational status of the Poplar River Power Station and associated coal-mining activities; 
examined data collected in 2002 including surface-water quality and quantity, ground-water quality and 
quantity, and air quality; discussed proposed changes in the water-quality sampling program, and 
established the Technical Monitoring Schedules for the year 2004. 

In 2003, due to a reduction in available funding and using specific conductance to estimate total 
dissolved solids (TDS), the number of surface-water-quality samples collected at the Poplar River 
stations by the U.S. Geological Survey was reduced from six per year to four per year. In 2004, the 
number of surface-water-quality samples collected at these stations will be reduced ftirther, with the 
U.S. Geological Survey collecting four samples and Environment Canada none. 



2.3 Review of Water-Quality Objectives 

The International Joint Commission in its Report to Governments, titled "Water Quality in the Poplar 
River Basin", recommended that the Committee "periodically review the water-quality objectives with 
the overall Basin context and recommend new and revised objectives as appropriate". In 1991, an action 
item from the armual Committee meeting set in motion the review and revision of the water-quality 
objectives. 

In 1993, the Committee approved changes in water-quality objectives recommended by the 
subcommittee that was formed in 1992 to review the objectives. The Committee also discussed the 
water-quality objectives for 5-year and 3-month flow-weighted concentrations for total dissolved solids 
and boron. Although the Committee agreed that calculation procedures to determine flow-weighted 
concentrations are time consuming and probably scientifically questionable, no consensus was reached 
on alternative objectives or procedures. 

In 1997, the Committee agreed to suspend the monitoring and reporting of several parameters. The 
parameters affected were: dissolved aluminum, un-ionized ammonia, total chromium, dissolved copper, 
mercury in fish tissues, fecal coliform, and total coliform. The Committee also agreed to other minor 
revisions for clarification purposes. For example, changing the designation for pH from "natural" to 
"ambient". 

In 1999, the Committee replaced the term "discontinued" with "suspended" in Table 2.1. 

In 2001, the Committee suspended the monitoring of dissolved mercury and total copper. This decision 
to suspend these parameters was based on data indicating concentrations or levels well below or within 
the objectives. Current objectives approved by the Committee are listed in Table 2.1. 

The Committee also agreed to periodically review all suspended parameters. 

Another responsibility of the Committee has included an ongoing exchange of data acquired through the 
monitoring programs. Exchanged data and reports are available for public viewing at the agencies of the 
participating governments or from Committee members. 



2.4 Data Exchange 

The Committee is responsible for assuring exchange of data between governments. The exchange of 
monitoring information was initiated in the first quarter of 1 98 1 and was an expansion of the informal 
quarterly exchange program initiated between the United States and Canada in 1976. Until 1991, data 
were exchanged on a quarterly basis. At the request of the Committee, the United States and Canada 
agreed to replace the quarterly exchange of data with an annual exchange effective at the beginning of 
the 1992 calendar year. Henceforth, data will be exchanged once each year as soon after the end of the 
calendar year as possible. However, unusual conditions or anomalous data will be reported and 
exchanged whenever warranted. No unusual conditions occurred during 2003 which warranted special 
reporting. 



Table 2.1 Water-Quality Objectives 



Parameter 


Present 
Objective 


Recommendation 


New Objective 


Boron, total 


3.5/2.5' 


Continue as is 


— 


TDS 


1500/1000' 


Continue as is 


— 


Aluminum, dissolved 


0.1 


Suspend* 


— 


Ammonia, un-ionized 


0.02 


Suspend* 


— 


Cadmium, total 


0.0012 


Continue as is 


0.0012 


Chromium, total 


0.05 


Suspend* 


— 


Copper, dissolved 


0.005 


Suspend* 


— 


Copper, total 


1 


Suspend* 


— 


Fluoride, dissolved 


1.5 


Continue as is 


1.5 


Lead, total 


0.03 


Continue as is 


0.03 


Mercury, dissolved 


0.0002 


Suspend* 


— 


Mercury, fish (mg/kg) 


0.5 


Suspend* 


— 


Nitrate 


10 


Continue as is 


10 


Oxygen, dissolved 


4.0/5.0^ 


Objective applies only during 
open water 


4.0/5.0^ 


SAR (units) 


10 


Continue as is 


10 


Sulfate, dissolved 


800 


Continue as is 


800 


Zinc, total 


0.03 


Continue as is 


0.03 


Water temperature (C) 


30.0^ 


Continue as is 


30.0^ 


pH (units) 


6.5^ 


Continue 


6.5^ 


Coliform(no./100mL) 








Fecal 


2000 


Suspend* 


... 


Total 


20000 


Suspend* 


... 


Units in mg/L except as noted. 

1. Five-year average of flow- weighted concentrations (March to October) should be <2.5 boron, <1,000 TDS. 

Three-month average of flow-weighted concentration should be <3.5 boron and < 1500 TDS. 

2. 5.0 (minimum April 10 to May 1 5), 4.0 (minimum remainder of year - Fish Spawning). 

3. Natural temperature (April lOtoMay 15), <30 degree Celsius (remainder of year) .. 

4. Less than 0.5 pH units above ambient, minimum pH=6.5. 



*Suspended after review of historic data found sample concentrations consistently below the objective. The Committee will periodically 
review status of suspended objectives. 



3.0 WATER AND AIR: MONITORING AND INTERPRETATIONS 

3.1 Poplar River Power Station Operation 

In 2003, the two 300-megawatt coal-fired units generated 4,470,455 gross megawatt hours (MWh) of 
electricity. The average capacity factors for Unit No. 1 and 2 were 84.5 percent and 83.0 percent, 
respectively. The capacity factors are based on the maximum generating rating of 305 MW/h for both 
Unit No.l and Unit No. 2. Similar to other years, scheduled maintenance was completed in the spring 
and fall of 2003. 

3.2 Surface Water 

3.2.1 Streamflow 

Streamflow in the Poplar River basin was normal in 2003. The March to October recorded flow of the 
Poplar River at International Boundary, an indicator of natural flow in the basin, was 10,700 cubic 
decametres (dam^) (8,670 acre-feet), which was 104 percent of the 1931 to 2000 median seasonal flow 
of 10,290 dam^ (8,340 acre-feet). A comparison of 2003 monthly mean discharge with the 1931-2000 
median monthly mean discharge is shown in Figure 3.1. 




° - Median of Monthly Mean Discharge for 1931-2000 
o — Monthly Mean Discharge for 2003 



Apr 



May 



Jun Jul Aug Sep 



Figure 3.1 Discharge during 2003 as Compared with the Median Discharge from 
1931-2000 for the Poplar River at International Boundary. 



The 2003 recorded flow volume of the East Poplar River at International Boundary was 2,300 dam^ 
(1,860 acre-feet). This volume is 77 percent of the median annual flow of 2,980 dam^ (2,420 acre-feet) 
for 1975-2002 (since the completion of Morrison Dam). 

3.2.2 Apportionment 

In 1976 the International Souris-Red Rivers Engineering Board, through its Poplar River Task Force, 
completed an investigation and made a recommendation to the Governments of Canada and the United 
States regarding the apportionment of waters of the Poplar River basin. Although not officially adopted 
by the two countries, the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee has adhered to the apportion- 
ment recommendations in each of its annual reports. Armex 3 contains the apportionment 
recommendation. 



3.2.3 Minimum Flows 

The recorded volume of the Poplar River at International Boundary from March 1 to May 3 1 , 2003 was 
10,050 dam^ (8,150 acre-feet). Based on IJC recommendations and the assumption that the recorded 
flow is the natural flow, the United States was entitled to a minimum discharge on the East Poplar River 
of 0.085 cubic metres per second (mVs) (3.0 cubic feet per second (ftVs)) for the period June 1, 2003 to 
August 31, 2003 and 0.057 m^/s (2.0 ftVs) for the period September 1, 2003 to May 31, 2004. The 
minimum flow for the period January 1 to May 31, 2003 was 0.028 mVs (1.0 ftVs), determined on the 
basis of the Poplar River flow volume for March 1 to May 31, 2002. A hydrograph for the East Poplar 
River at International Boundary and the minimum flow as recommended by the IJC are shown in Figure 

3.2. ,.„.;■ , ., . 

Daily flows during 2003 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the IJC throughout the 
year except for June 7-11, June 13 to September 9, September 11 and December 28-31, when daily 
flows fell below the recommended minimum. 




C C C A A 



an na>ai"«5-33io»3 3r^^33 ••i'iji' oo« so 
•?TTU.u.SS<<<EEnnV77<<(o»)OOOzzooQ 

2003 



Figure 3,2 Flow Hydrograph of the East Poplar River at International Boundary. 



3.2.4 On-Demand Release 

In addition to the minimum flow, the IJC apportionment recommendation entitles Montana to an on- 
demand release to be delivered on the East Poplar River during the twelve-month period commencing 
June 1. Based on the runoff volume of 3,960 dam^ (3,210 acre-feet) recorded at the Poplar River at 
International Boundary gauging station during the March 1 to May 31, 2002 period, Montana was 
entitled to an additional release of 370 dam^ (300 acre-feet) from Cookson Reservoir during the 
succeeding twelve-month period commencing June 1, 2002. Montana requested this release to be made 
between May 1 and May 31, 2003. A volume of 386 dam^ (313 acre-feet), in addition to the minimum 
flow, was delivered during this period. A hydrograph showing cumulative volume of the on-demand 
release request and on-demand release delivery made at the East Poplar River at International Boundary 
is shown in Figure 3.3 



700 


\ 


600 




500 


■ 


400 


■ 


300 


■ : 


200 


• 


100 


• 





—'r'\, , 



On-Demand Release Delivery 
On-Demand Release Request 




Figure 3.3 Cumulative Volume Hydrograph of On-Demand Release. 

3.2.5 Surface-Water Quality 

The 1981 report by the IJC to Governments recommended: 

For the March to October period, the maximum flow-weighted concentrations should not exceed 3.5 
milligrams per litre (mg/L) for boron and 1500 mg/L for TDS for any three consecutive months in the 
East Poplar River at the International Boundary. For the March to October period, the long-term 
average of flow-weighted concentrations should be 2.5 mg/L or less for boron, and 1000 mg/L or less 
for TDS in the East Poplar River at the International Boundary. 



For the period prior to 1982, three-month moving flow- weighted concentration (FWC) for boron and 
total dissolved solids (TDS) was calculated solely from monthly monitoring results. Since the beginning 
of 1982, the USGS has monitored specific conductance daily in the East Poplar River at the 
International Boundary, making it possible to derive boron and TDS concentration using a linear 
regression relationship with specific conductance. Thus, the three-month FWC for boron and TDS for 
the period 1982 to 2003 was calculated from both the results of monthly monitoring (water-quality 
samples collected by both Canada and the United States) and the statistical analysis of daily specific 



conductance readings collected by the USGS. During some years, estimated monthly water-quality 
sample data may be used in order to complete regression calculations of three-month and five-year flow- 
weighted concentrations. Estimated monthly water-quality samples are based upon concentration data 
from neighboring water-quality samples and specific-conductance data on the date of the missing water- 
quality sample (or date midway between neighboring water-quality samples). 

The Bilateral Monitoring Committee adopted the approach that, for the purpose of comparison with the 
proposed IJC long-term objectives, the boron and TDS data are best plotted as a five-year moving FWC 
which is advanced one month at a time. 

Prior to 1988, long-term averages were calculated for a five-year period in which 2.5 years preceded and 
2.5 years followed each plotted point. Beginning in 1988, the FWC was calculated from the five-year 
period preceding each plotted point. For example, the FWC for December 2003 is calculated from data 
generated over the period December 1998 to December 2003. The calculations are based on the results 
of samples collected throughout the year, and are not restricted to only those collected during the months 
bracketing the period of irrigation (March to October) each year. 

3.2.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 

TDS is inversely related to streamflow at the East Poplar River at the International Boundary station. 
During periods of high runoff such as spring freshet, TDS decreases as the proportion of streamflow 
derived from ground water decreases. Conversely, during times of low streamflow (late summer, winter) 
the contribution of ground water to streamflow is proportionally greater. Because ground water has a 
higher ionic strength than the surface water entering the river, the TDS of the stream increases markedly 
during low flow conditions. 

Concerns over an upward frend in the concentrations of TDS in the East Poplar River between the late 
1980's and 1995 were investigated in 2002. The results of the investigation indicated that the temporal 
changes in TDS concentrations were most likely primarily linked to natural drought events. Statistical 
analyses of discrete time periods showed no significant difference in TDS concentrations between the 
period 1976 to 1985, in which no trend was noted, and the period 1986 to 1995, in which an apparent 

10 



increasing trend was noted. Further, similar flow and concentration patterns were observed during this 
time period in the mainstem Poplar River, which is not as impacted by human influences and was used 
as a reference stream. Given that TDS concentrations have remained below the short-term objectives of 
the monitoring arrangement, no increasing concentration trends have been identified, and a surrogate 
water-quality measurement (specific conductance) can be used to estimate TDS, the Committee 
recommended that the current monthly water-quality sampling for TDS be reduced to four samples per 
year. 

TDS water-quality sample data collected by Environment Canada and the USGS in 2003 are shown in 
Figure 3.4. The TDS concentrations ranged from 690 mg/L on March 25 to 1,054 mg/L on November 
12. The proposed short-term objective for TDS is 1,500 mg/L. Monthly TDS water-quality sample data 
were missing and estimated for February, April, October, and December 2003. 

The three-month moving FWC for TDS for the period of record is presented in Figure 3.5. The TDS 
objecfives have not been exceeded during the period of record. On inspection of the plot in Figure 3.5, it 
is apparent that the three-month moving FWC increased gradually, year by year, up until the spring 
runoff of 1997, when an excepfionally heavy snowmeh contributed sufficient water of low ionic strength 
to the river and the reservoir to dilute the accumulated salts built up in the system. Dissolved-solids 
concentrations were lower in 2003 relative to those recorded in 2002; however, low spring runoff and 
higher contribution fi-om ground water have kept the TDS level close to the long-term objective of 1,000 
mg/L. 



11 



Figure 3.4: TDS Concentration for 2003 Water-Quality Samples 
from East Poplar River at the International Boundary 



1200 



1000 



3 800 



Id 400 



lOlB^ 



♦ 967 ♦958 



♦^989- 



♦ 968 



♦ 1021e 



♦ 1054 < . 1054e 



♦ 853e 



♦ 896 



♦ 829e 



♦ 690 



1600 

1400 

S 1200 

I 

■g 1000 

o 
W 
1 800 

« 600 
b 

|5 400 

200 



c 
a. 

t 


Figure 3.5: Three-Month Moving Flow-Weighted TDS Concentration 
in 2003 for East Poplar River at the International Boundary 


































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Wafer-quality sample-derived data 


















- - * - - Regression-derived data 


























































































^ ui a 


j-lg^-lgOQQQQQQOQOQOQOODOOOOCOCDCDCDCDCDCOCOCDCDOOOOO 

i-^cocoo-»-K>c*>*kCno)^ot>tDO-»>N3W^aia)-Nioo<DO-khoco-^ 



12 



The five-year moving FWC for TDS (Figure 3.6) did not exceed the long-term objective of 1,000 mg/L 
in 2003. The maximum monthly value calculated in 2003 was about 887 mg/L, which is slightly less 
than the previous year maximum monthly value of 943 mg/L. 

The daily TDS values, as generated by linear regression from the daily specific-conductance readings, 
for the period January 1990 through December 2003 are shown in Figure 3.7. The data show an abrupt 
drop in TDS corresponding to the snowmelt runoff occurring during the spring of each year. 

The relationship between TDS and specific conductance applied to data collected from 1974 to 2003 is 
as follows: 

TDS = (0.62461 x specific conductance) + 35.184 
(R^ = 0.84, n = 617) 



13 



1200 



1000 



i" 800 



600 



■5 400 



200 



Figure 3.6: Five- Year IVIoving Flow-Weighted TDS Concentration 
in 2003 for East Poplar River at the International Boundary 













Lo 


ig- 


Ter 


m( 


3bj 


5Cti 


/e 


































































f 







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0)0)0)0)0)0)0)0) 



0) 0) 0) 0) 03 Qj 



0}0}Q}Q)Q>Q)fl>0)0}Q>Q}fl}Q}0> 



•^ -^ 00 00 00 00 

00 CD o -^ ro od 



00 00 00 CO CD CO CO 



CiD CO CD CD CD 



Figure 3.7: Daily TDS Concentration, 1990 to 2003; 
East Poplar River at the International Boundary (regression-derived data) 



1400 




Q 600 



14 



3.2.5.2 Boron 

Boron water-quality sample data for 2003 at the East Poplar River at International Boundary was 
incomplete and no flow-weighted concentration analysis was conducted. In 2004, only four boron 
water-quality samples will be available for analysis. 

Boron concentrations are not as well-correlated with specific conductance as TDS. Boron is a relatively 
minor ion, and does not in itself contribute to a large degree to the total load of dissolved constituents in 
the water. Accordingly, it appears likely that the standard deviation of dissolved boron (relative to the 
long-term mean boron concentration) may be greater than that of the major cations (sodium, potassium, 
and magnesium) and anions (sulphate, bicarbonate, and chloride) around their respective long-term 
mean concentrations. 

The relationship between boron and specific conductance applied to data collected from 1974 to 2002 is 
as follows: 

Boron = (0.00129 x specific conductance) - 0.04709 
(R^ = 0.57, n = 617) 

The daily boron values, as generated by linear regression, for the period January 1990 through 
December 2003 are shown in Figure 3.8. 



15 



3.00 



2.50 



2.00 



1.50 



1.00 



0.50 



Figure 3.8: Daily Boron Concentration, 1990 to 2003; 
East Poplar River at the International Boundary (regression-derived data) 




3.2.5.3 Other Water-Quality Variables 

Table 3.1 contains the multipurpose water-quality objectives for the East Poplar River at International 
Boundary, recommended by the International Poplar River Water Quality Board to the IJC. The table 
shows the number of samples collected for each parameter and the number of times over the course of 
the year that the objectives were exceeded. In the table, multiple replicate samples collected during the 
annual quality control exercise are treated as a single sample, but where an objective was exceeded in a 
replicate sample, this is charged against the single sample noted. As the table shows, all parameters were 
within the appropriate objectives. 



16 



Table 3.1 Recommended Water-Quality Objectives and Excursions, 2003 Sampling Program, 



East Poplar River at the International Boundary (units in m 


g/L, except as otherwise noted 


Parameter 


Objective 


No. of Samples 


Excursions 


USA 


Canada 


Objectives recommended by IJC to Governments | 


Boron, dissolved 


3.5/2.5 (1) 





6 





Total Dissolved Solids 


1,500/1,000(1) 


4 


6 





Objectives recommended by Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee to Governments 1 


Cadmium, total 


0.0012 


4 


6 





Fluoride, dissolved 


1.5 


4 


6 





Lead, total 


0.03 


4 


6 





Nitrate 


10.0 


4 


6 





Oxygen, dissolved 


4.0/5.0 (2) 


4 


6 





Sodium adsorption ratio 


10.0 


4 


5 





Sulphate, dissolved 


800.0 


4 


6 





Zinc, total 


0.03 


4 


6 





Water temperature (Celsius) 


30.0 (3) 


4 


6 





pH (pH units) 


6.5 (4) 


4 


6 





(1) Three-month average of flow-weighted concentrations should be <3.5 mg/L boron and < 1,500 mg/L ' 

flow-weighted concentrations (March to October) should be <2.5 mg/L boron and <1,000 mg/L TD 

(2) 5.0 (minimum April 10 to May 15), 4.0 (minimum, remainder of the year). 

(3) Natural temperature (April 10 to May 1 5), <30 degrees Celsius (remainder of the year). 

(4) Less than 0.5 pH units above natural, minimum pH = 6.5. 


~DS. Five-year average of 
S. 



17 



3.3 Ground Water 

3.3.1 Operations 

SaskPower's supplementary water supply project continued to operate during 2003. The supplementary 
water supply project currently consists of 21 wells with a total of 10 discharge points. No wells were 
added or deleted from the well field during the year. The majority of ground-water production in 2003 
occurred during the fall to spring period. This is a typical operational pattern for the project and is done 
to minimize water losses. However, pumping was maintained through the 2003 summer period due to 
low spring runoff. In 2003, ground-water production decreased to 4,489 dam^ from the 2002 total of 
4,927 dam^ total. Production from 1991 to 2003 has now averaged 4,998 dam^ per year. Prior to 1991, 
the wells used for supplementary supply were part of a dewatering network for coal-mining operations. 
This resulted in the high production levels experienced in the early to mid 1980's. With the drought of 
the late 1980's and early 1990's, it was evident that there was a continued need for ground water to 
supplement water levels in Cookson Reservoir. Consequently, the wells were taken over by SaskPower 
for use as a supplementary supply. 

Poplar River Power Station - Supplementary Supply 




1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 

Year 



Figure 3.9 Supplementary Water Supply 



18 



SaskPower has an approval for the supplementary supply project to produce an annual volume of 5,500 
damVyear. This approval was extended by Sask Water in 1996. Future revisions to the approval will 
likely include conditions requiring termination of pumping (with the exception of wells supplying 
domestic users) when the reservoir is above a specified level. 

In addition to the supplementary supply, SaskPower also operates the Soil Salinity Project, which is 
located south of Morrison Dam. The project was initiated in 1989 to alleviate soil salinity which had 
developed below the dam. The salinity project consists of a network of production wells which 
discharge into the cooling water canal, which in turn discharges to Cookson Reservoir. Operation of the 
salinity project continued in 2003 despite ongoing operational difficulties which resulted in a continued 
decline in the annual volume pumped. As a result, only 426 dam^ of ground water was pumped fi-om the 
Soil Salinity Project in 2003. This was much lower than the 2002 production level of 631 dam^, and 
substantially lower than the average armual production obtained in the early to mid- 1 990 's when 
production was near its optimal level. Production levels peaked at about 1,100 dam^/year in 1994. 
SaskPower expects to increase production levels in 2004 with additional rehabilitation work. 

Well PW87104, which is located on the east side of the river, provided all the production in 2003. 



19 



Poplar River Power Station - Salinity Project 




1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 



Figure 3.10 Pumpage from Salinity Control Project 



3.3.2 Ground-Water Monitoring 



Equivalent geologic formations present in Saskatchewan and Montana have different names. A list of 
the corresponding formation names is provided in Table 3.2. 

Table 3.2 Geologic Formation Name Equivalence between Saskatchewan and Montana 



Formation Location 


Geologic Formation Name 


Saskatchewan 


Eastend to Whitemud 


Frenchman 


Ravenscrag 


Alluvium 


Montana 


Fox Hills 


Hell Creek 


Fort Union 


Alluvium 



20 



3.3.2.1 Saskatchewan 

In 2003, SaskPower reduced its monitoring network from 180 piezometers to about 85 piezometers after 
receiving approval from Saskatchewan Environment. This reduction was based on modelling studies 
undertaken by SaskPower. 

In past years the groundwater response to pumping has been illustrated through a regional drawdown 
map prepared by SaskPower. However, the 2003 drawdown map indicated an apparent expansion in the 
cone of depression in the vicinity of the International Boundary during 2003. Given that the 2003 
withdrawals were the lowest in the past four years, and one of the lowest in the past 13 years, the 
apparent expansion was anomalous. This was confirmed by the absence of any significant increases in 
drawdown in Montana's monitoring wells (Figure 3.13). It was therefore decided to incorporate 
hydrographs for several monitoring wells near the border as opposed to the drawdown map. 
Hydrographs of these selected wells are shown in Figures 3.11 and 3.12. While there are some 
anomalous data points in the hydrographs, they do clearly show that there have not been significant 
changes in groundwater levels in the Hart Coal seam at the international boimdary in the past ten years. 
Of particular note are monitoring wells M81 1 and M507 along the international boundary. 

The goal of the Salinity Control Project is to lower ground-water levels in the Empress sands below 
Morrison Dam to approximately pre-reservoir levels. This is equivalent to roughly two to three mefres 
of drawdown, and was achieved by the end of 1995 and again by the end of 1996. However, reduced 
production over the past several years and increased recharge from higher reservoir levels and 
precipitation has led to a significant contraction in the project's cone of depression with the cone of 
depression being negligible at the end of 2003. 



21 



Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 
Groundwater Monitoring Network 





























■ 






































■■ 


■■■ 


M, 


















• 


■""■■"" 





































i' 


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♦ ♦♦' 


♦♦•< 

























































— WellM811 
K-WellM782 
t-WellM510A 



OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 



Figure 3.11 Hydrograph of Selected Wells — Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 

Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 
Groundwater Monitoring Network 





































z 


IMM^ 


mm 


tm* 


-, 


•1 


rf*Si 


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-WellM507 
-Well M509 



OOOOOOOOOOOOOO 



Figure 3.12 Hydrograph of Selected Wells — Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 



22 



3.3.2.2 Montana 

Water-levels in monitoring wells (6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 17, 19, and 22) that penetrate the Fort Union 
Formation and/or Hart Coal Seam were rising during 1997 and 1998, and have leveled off or decreased 
during the last five years (1999 to 2003). Hydrographs of selected Fort Union and Hart Coal Seam wells 
(6, 7, 17, and 19) are shown in figure 3.13. 

Hydrograph of Selected Wells 

Fort Union and Hart Coal Aquifers 




-Well 6 
-Well 7 
-Well 17 
-Well 19 



CO CO CO 00 



cbooGoooooo>ooo>^d)0)0)o>o)ooooooo 



<0(0(Dfl3Ct](T]n](Q(Q(D(D(D(OCDn)(13(Ofl3CDCO(D(DCO{a(0(U(0(D 



—> —i —3 —> ~y 



—i —3 —> —i 



Figure 3.13 Hydrograph of Selected Wells — Fort Union and Hart Coal Aquifers 



23 



The potentiometric surface in the Fox Hills/Hell Creek artesian aquifer (well 11) has shown very little 
fluctuation or change throughout the 25-year (1979-2003) monitoring period. 

Water levels in monitoring wells (5, 8, 10, 23, and 24) that penetrate the alluvial and/or outwash aquifer 
show considerable fluctuation due to seasonal and/or pumping changes. Hydrographs of selected alluvial 
wells (10, 23, and 24) and the Fox Hills well (11) are shown in Figure 3.14. 

Hydrograph of Selected Wells 

Alluvium and Fox Hills Aquifers 




-Well 10 
-Well 11 
-Well 23 
-Well 24 



CD (Q (C ra 



CD (Q m (0 



Figure 3.14 Hydrograph of Selected Wells — Alluvium and Fox Hills Aquifers 



24 



3.3.3 Ground-Water Quality 
3.3.3.1 Saskatchewan 

The water quality from the Supplementary Supply Project discharge points has been consistent with no 
trends indicated. A summary of the more frequently tested parameters during 2003 is provided in Table 
3.3. Statistical averages of the results since 1992 are included in this table. 



Table 3.3 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Supplementary 
Water Supply Project Wells* 





2003 Average 


1992 - 2003 Average 


pH (unit) 


8.1 


8.0 


Conductivity (^S/cm) 


1,387 


1,316 


Total Dissolved Solids 


945 


910 


Total Suspended Solids 


26 


10.9 


Boron 


1.2 


1.2 


Sodium 


191 


179 


Cyanide (jig/L) 


<0.004 


<2 


Iron 


0.17 


0.2 


Manganese 


0.09 


0.1 


Mercury (|ig/L) 


<0.05 


<0.1 


Calcium 


68.7 


72 


Magnesium 


48.2 


52 


Sulfate 


271 


269 


Nitrate 


0.01 


0.07 



*A11 units in mg/L, unless otherwise noted. Sampled at Site "C3" on Girard Creek. 



25 



Average water-quality results from the common discharge point for the Salinity Control Project for 
2003, plus an average of the 1992-2003 results, are provided in Table 3.4. Results have remained 
relatively consistent since 1992. 

Table 3.4 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Salinity Control Project Wells 

Sampled at the Discharge Pipe* 





2003 
Average 


1992-2003 
Average 


pH (units) 


7.8 


7.5 


Conductivity (^iS/crn) 


1,479 


1,410 


Total Dissolved Solids 


1,050 


981 1 


Boron 


1.5 


1.6 1 


Calcium 


121 


103 


Magnesium 


65 


60 


Sodium 


145 


146 


Potassium 


7.4 


7.4 


Arsenic (ng/L) 


7.0 


8.1 


Aluminum 


<0.1 


0.1 


Barium 


<0.1 


<0.1 


Cadmium 


<0.01 


<0.003 


Iron 


4.0 


4.1 


Manganese 


0.10 


0.136 


Molybdenum 


<0.1 


<0.01 1 


Strontium 


1.8 


1.8 


Vanadium 


<0.1 


<0.1 


Uranium (^g/L) 


<0.5 


<0.2 


Mercury (|ig/L) 


<0.05 


0.08 


Sulfate 


362 


314 


Chloride 


6.6 


6.2 


Nitrate 


<0.003 


<1.04 



*A11 concentrations in mg/L, unless otherwise noted. 



26 



Ground-water quality in the vicinity of the ash lagoons can potentially be affected by leachate 
movement through the ash lagoon liner systems. The piezometers listed in the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules are used to assess leachate movement and calculate seepage rates. Piezometric water level, 
boron, and chloride are the chosen indicator parameters to assess leachate movement. 

The groimd- water monitoring program was expanded in 1994 as a result of Ash Lagoon No. 3 South 
construction. In total, 20 new pneumatic piezometers and 28 new standpipe piezometers were 
completed within their target zones. Testing of these piezometers began in 1995. The limited data so 
far do not show any unusual or unexpected values. 

Piezometers C867A, C868A and C871A are completed immediately above the liner system, within the 
ash stack of Ash Lagoon No. 1 . The 2003 monitoring results continue to suggest confirmation of the 
trend first observed in 1993 that the boron concentration decreases with depth within the ash stack. The 
effect of ash thickness on leachate quality is, however, not completely understood. 

The chemistry of water immediately above the liner systems is therefore expected to differ fi-om the 
surface water of the lagoons. Meaningful information is only available fi-om piezometers installed 
within Ash Lagoon No. 1 where ash has been deposited for many years. The 2003 monitoring results of 
Ash Lagoon No. 3 South piezometers completed above the liner system (piezometers C886A, C887A, 
C890A and C893A) supports the theory that boron levels decrease with depth within the ash stacks. 
Future monitoring of all piezometers completed above the lagoon liner systems will continue with the 
purpose of confirming the boron trend noted above and to improve the understanding of leachate quality 
and flow fi-om the ash lagoons. 

The piezometric surface measurements for the oxidized till continue to show the presence of a ground- 
water mound beneath the ash lagoons. The mound extends from the west side of the Polishing Pond to 
the east side of Ash Lagoon No. 2. Isolated ground- water mounds have developed within the area of the 
oxidized ground-water mound. Piezometers located in the oxidized till suggest limited leachate activity. 
No seepage activity is evident in the unoxidized till. 



27 



The greatest changes in chloride and boron concentrations within the oxidized till have occurred where 
piezometric levels have changed the most. Although increasing water levels do not automatically 
suggest that the water affecting the piezometers is leachate, changing piezometric levels do suggest 
ground-water movement. Oxidized till piezometers C868B and C869B located in the middle of the 
lagoons, between Ash Lagoon No. 1 and No. 2, have shown increased piezometric levels but chemical 
information does not indicate leachate influence. On the west side of the Polishing Pond, the boron 
levels have changed only slightly in the oxidized till piezometers C728A and C728D, where the chloride 
levels have changed more significantly. The chloride level for C728A has decreased fi^om 403 mg/L in 
1983 to 197 mg/L in 2003. The chloride level for C728D has increased from 185 mg/L in 1983 to 342 
mg/L in 2003. Although these piezometers are close in proximity and installed at the same level, they 
are being influenced by different water. Chloride results for C728A suggest initial seepage and it is to 
be expected that over time the same observation will be seen in C728D. 

The piezometric surface of the Empress Gravel indicates a regional flow from northwest to southeast 
below Morrison Dam. As a general observation, Empress piezometers respond to changing reservoir 
levels. Results for the Empress layer do not indicate seepage activity with the majority of the analyses 
showing little real change in boron or chloride results. 

Sand lens piezometers C712B, C766 and C767 are located between the Polishing Pond and the cooling 
water canal. C767 is located on the top of dyke G and C766 and C712B are located at the toe of dyke G. 
These piezometers have historically been of interest as the sand lens provides a preferential pathway for 
leachate migration of boron concentrations. C766 shows an increasing trend up to October 1988 with a 
peak of 43.0 mg/L in April 1995. Since 1995 the boron levels have declined modestly and have 
remained between 25 and 38 mg/L. 

Up to April 1988 the boron concentration for C767 was increasing and peaked at 49.4 mg/L. Since this 
peak the boron concentration steadily decreased to the end of 1991 where it leveled off near 5 mg/L and 
has since remained with one exception, a concentration of 1 1 .7 mg/L in October 2000. 

Piezometer C712B has been monitored for several years. Historically, boron levels were below 1 mg/L. 
From 1992 to 2003, boron levels have remained relatively steady around between 12 and 20 mg/L. 

28 



3.3.3.2 Montana 

Samples were collected from monitoring wells 7, 16, and 24 during 2003. Well 7 is completed in Hart 
Coal, well 16 is completed in the Fort Union Formation, and well 24 is completed in alluvium. The 
TDS concentration in water from all three monitoring wells decreased in 2003. Changes in TDS with 
time for wells 7, 16, and 24 are shown in Figure 3.15. 

Total Dissolved Solids 



S 650 




-GWQQC 16 
-GWQQC 24 
-GWQQC 7 



Figure 3.15 Total Dissolved Solids in Samples from Montana Wells. 



29 



3.4 Cookson Reservoir 

3.4.1 Storage 

On January 1, 2003, Cookson Reservoir storage was 31,320 dam' or 72% of the full supply volume. 
The 2003 maximum, minimum, and period elevations and volumes are shown in Table 3.5. 

Inflows into the reservoir were near normal in 2003. A release was initiated in May to meet the 
recommended Poplar River basin demand release for the 2002-2003 apportionment years. No releases 
were required to maintain the recommended apportionment target flow at the International Boundary for 
the remainder of the year. 

In addition to runoff, reservoir levels were augmented by ground-water pumping. Wells in the 
abandoned west block mine site supplied 4,489 dam' to Girard Creek. It is estimated that approximately 
70% of this flow volume reached Cookson Reservoir. Wells in the soil salinity project area supplied 
426daml 

Table 3.5 Cookson Reservoir Storage Statistics for 2003 



Date 


Elevation (m) 


Contents 
(dam') 


January 1 


751.31 


31,320 


May 1 7 (Maximum) 


752.28 


37,990 


October 27 (Minimum) 


751.11 


30,770 


December 3 1 


751.26 


31,010 


Full Supply Level 


753.00 


43,410 



30 



The Poplar River Power Station is dependent on water from Cookson Reservoir for cooling. Power 
plant operation is not adversely affected until reservoir levels drop below 749.0 metres. The dead 
storage level for cooling water used in the generation process is 745.0 metres. The 2003 recorded levels 
and associated operating levels are shown in Figure 3.16. 

2003 Cookson Reservoir 
Daily Mean water Levels 



Full Supply Level 



-Ten Year Median Level 



Minimum Desired Operating Level 



Minimum Useable Storage Level 



...1 _.^. 



Figure 3.16 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Levels for 2003 and Median 
' Daily Water Levels, 1993-2002 



31 



3.4.2 Water Quality 

The period from 1987 to 1993 saw very low volumes of surface-water runoff to Cookson Reservoir. 
Consequently, total dissolved solids (TDS) in the reservoir increased steadily from approximately 780 
mg/L to over 1,800 mg/L. Since 1993, higher runoff volumes have improved reservoir water quality. 
Since 1997, the TDS levels in the reservoir have generally remained below 1,000 mg/L. The average 
TDS level in Cookson Reservoir in 2003 was 928 mg/L, up slightly from the 2002 average level of 910 
mg/L but still below past levels. 

3.5 Air Quality 

SaskPower's ambient SO2 monitoring for 2003 recorded no values greater than Saskatchewan 
Environment's one-hour average standard of 0.17 ppm and the 24-hour average standard of 0.06 ppm. 
The ambient SO2 monitor was replaced in January 2001 which has greatly improved the availability of 
this information. The 2003 geometric mean for the high- volume suspended-particulate sampler was 17.6 
|ag/m^ and 2003 was the twelfth consecutive year of below-average particulate readings. One total 
suspended-particulate concentration exceeded the Saskatchewan provincial standard of 120 ^g/m^/24 
hours in 2003. This occurred when a reading of 187.4 ng/m^/24 hours was taken on October 24, 2003. 

3.6 Quality Control 

3.6.1 Streamflow 

Current-meter discharge measurements were made at the East Poplar River at International Boundary 
site on August 6, 2003 by personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Environment Canada 
(EC) to confirm sfreamflow measurement comparability. Data from the two current-meter discharge 
measurements are shown in Table 3.6. The measured discharges compared well with each other and the 
theoretical discharge computation of 0.053 m^/s for a 90° V-notch weir. 



32 



Table 3.6 Streamflow Measurement Results for August 6, 2003 



Agency 


Time 
CST 


Width 
(m) 


- ■"■■■ r-=i^ 

Mean 
Area 
(m') 


Velocity 

(m/s) 


Gauge 

Height 

(m) 


Discharge 
(m^/s) 


EC 


1030 


1.3 


0.140 


0.346 


1.579 


0.049 


USGS 


1030 


1.2 


0.131 


0.405 


1.579 


0.053 



3.6.2 Water Quality 

Quality-control sampling was carried out at the East Poplar River at International Boundary on 
September 9, 2003. Participating agencies included the U.S. Geological Survey, Environment Canada, 
and SaskPower. 

Sets of triplicate samples were split from USGS sampling chums and submitted to the respective agency 
laboratories for analyses. Field procedures were identical to those used since 1986. Sample results are 
shown in Table 3.7. 



33 



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34 



ANNEX 1 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



CANADA-UNITED STATES 



Al -1 



September 23, 1980 
POPLAR RIVER COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 

I. PURPOSE 

This Arrangement will provide for the exchange of data collected as described in the attached 
Technical Monitoring Schedules in water-quality, water quantity and air quality monitoring 
programs being conducted in Canada and the United States at or near the International Boundary 
in response to SaskPower development. This Arrangement will also provide for the 
dissemination of the data in each country and will assure its comparability and assist in its 
technical interpretation. 

The Arrangement will replace and expand upon the quarterly information exchange program 
instituted between Canada and the United States in 1976. 

II. PARTICIPATING GOVERNMENTS 

Governments and government agencies participating in the Arrangement are: 

Government of Canada: Environment Canada 
Government of the Province of Saskatchewan: 

Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 
Government of the United States of America: United States Geological Survey 
Government of the State of Montana: Executive Office 

III. POPLAR RIVER MONITORING COMMITTEE: TERMS OF REFERENCE 

A binational committee called the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee will be 
established to carry out responsibilities assigned to it under this Arrangement. The Committee 
will operate in accordance with the following terms of reference: 



Al -2 



A. Membership 

The Committee will be composed of four representatives, one from each of the participating 
Governments. It will be jointly chaired by the Government of Canada and the Government of 
the United States. There will be a Canadian Section and a United States Section. The 
participating Governments will notify each other of any changes in membership on the 
Committee. Co-chairpersons may by mutual agreement invite agency technical experts to 
participate in the work of the Committee. 

The Governor of the State of Montana may also appoint a chief elective official of local 
government to participate as an ex-officio member of the Committee in its technical 
deliberations. The Saskatchewan Minister of the Environment may also appoint a similar local 
representative. 



B. Functions of the Committee 

The role of the Committee will be to fiilfil the purpose of the Arrangement by ensuring the 
exchange of monitored data in accordance with the attached Technical Monitoring Schedules, 
and its collation and technical interpretation in reports to Governments on implementation of the 
Arrangement. In addition, the Committee will review the existing monitoring systems to ensure 
their adequacy and may recommend to the Canadian and United States Governments any 
modifications to improve the Technical Monitoring Schedules. 



1. Information Exchange 

Each Co-chairperson will be responsible for transmitting to his counterpart Co-chairperson on a 
regular, and not less than quarterly basis, the data provided by the cooperative monitoring 
agencies in accordance with the Technical Monitoring Schedules. 



Al -3 



2. Reports 



(a) The Committee will prepare a joint Annual Report to the participating 
governments, and may at any time prepare joint Special Reports. 

(b) Annual Reports will 

i) summarize the main activities of the Committee in the year under Report and the 

data which has been exchanged under the Arrangement; 

ii) draw to the attention of the participating governments any definitive changes in 
the monitored parameters, based on collation and technical interpretation of 
exchanged data (i.e. the utilization of summary, statistical and other appropriate 
techniques); 

iii) draw to the attention of the participating governments any recommendations 
regarding the adequacy or redundancy of any scheduled monitoring operations 
and any proposals regarding modifications to the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules, based on a continuing review of the monitoring programs including 
analytical methods to ensure their comparability. 

(c) Special Reports may, at any time, draw to the attention of participating 
governments definitive changes in monitored parameters which may require 
immediate attention. 

(d) Preparation of Reports 

Reports will be prepared following consultation with all committee members and 
will be signed by all Committee members. Reports will be separately forwarded 
by the Committee Co-chairmen to the participating governments. All annual and 
special reports will be so distributed. 



Al -4 



3. Activities of Canadian and United States Sections 
The Canadian and United States section will be separately responsible for: 

(a) dissemination of information within their respective countries, and the 
arrangement of any discussion required with local elected officials; 

(b) verification that monitoring operations are being carried out in accordance with 
the Technical Monitoring Schedules by cooperating monitoring agencies; 

(c) receipt and collation of monitored data generated by the cooperating monitoring 
agencies in their respective countries as specified in the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules; 

(d) if necessary, drawing to the attention of the appropriate government in their 
respective countries any failure to comply with a scheduled monitoring fimction 
on the part of any cooperating agency under the jurisdiction of that government, 
and requesting that appropriate corrective action be taken. 

IV. PROVISION OF DATA 

In order to ensure that the Committee is able to carry out the terms of this Arrangement, the 
participating governments will use their best efforts to have cooperating monitoring agencies, in 
their respective jurisdictions provide on an ongoing basis all scheduled monitored data for which 
they are responsible. 

V. TERMS OF THE ARRANGEMENT 

The Arrangement will be effective for an initial term of five years and may be amended by 
agreement of the participating governments. It will be subject to review at the end of the initial 
term and will be renewed thereafter for as long as it is required by the participating governments. 



Al -5 



ANNEX 2 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

2004 

CANADA-UNITED STATES 



A2- 1 



y 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PREAMBLE A2 - 3 

CANADA 

STREAMFLOW MONITORING A2 - 5 

SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 7 

GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING NEAR THE 
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY A2 - 1 1 

GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 

- POWER STATION AREA A2 - 13 

GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 

- ASH LAGOON AREA 

WATER LEVEL A2-15 

WATER QUALITY A2-16 

AMBIENT AIR-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 19 

UNITED STATES 

STREAMFLOW MONITORING A2 - 22 

SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 24 

GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 26 

GROUND- WATER LEVELS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 

DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING A2 - 28 



A2-2 



PREAMBLE 

The Technical Monitoring Schedule lists those water quantity, water-quality and air quality 
monitoring locations and parameters which form the basis for information exchange and 
reporting to Governments. The structure of the Committee responsible for ensuring the exchange 
takes place is described in the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement. 

The monitoring locations and parameters listed herein have been reviewed by the Poplar River 
Bilateral Monitoring Committee and represent the basic technical information needed to identify 
any definitive changes in water quantity, water-quality and air quality at the International 
Boundary. The Schedule was initially submitted to Governments for approval as an attachment 
to the 1981 report to Governments. Changes in the sampling locations and parameters may be 
made by Governments based on the recommendations of the Committee. 

Significant additional information is being collected by agencies on both sides of the 
International Boundary, primarily for project management or basin-wide baseline data purposes. 
This additional information is usually available upon request fi^om the collecting agency and 
forms part of the pool of technical information which may be drawn upon by Governments for 
specific study purposes. Examples of additional information are water quantity, water-quality, 
ground-water and air quality data collected at points in the Poplar River basin not of direct 
concern to the Committee. In addition, supplemental information on parameters such as 
vegetation, soils, fish and waterfowl populations and aquatic vegetation has been collected on 
either a routine or specific studies basis by various agencies. 



A2-3 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

2004 

CANADA 



A2-4 



STREAMFLOW MONITORING 

Daily mean discharge or levels and instantaneous monthly extremes as normally 
published in surface water data pubHcations. 



Responsible Agencies: Environment Canada; Saskatchewan Watershed Authority 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


1* 


1 1AE003 
(06178500) 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 


2 


11AE013*** 


Cookson Reservoir near Coronach 


3 


11AE015*** 


Girard Creek near Coronach Cookson Reservoir 


4 


11AE014*** 


East Poplar River above Cookson Reservoir 


5 




Fife Lake Overflow** 


6* 


11AE008 
(06178000) 


Poplar River at International Boundary 



* - International gauging station 

** - Miscellaneous measurements of outflow to be made by Saskatchewan Watershed 

Authority (SWA) during periods of outflow only. 

*** - SWA took over the monitoring responsibility effective July 1/92. 



A2-5 




5 10 15 KILOMETERS 
I ' r-^ h 



HYDROMETRIC GAUGING STATIONS (CANADA) 



A2-6 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING 



Sampling Locations 



Responsible Agency: Environment Canada 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


1 


00SA11AE0008 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment 
Data collected by: Sask Power 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


2 


12386 
Discontinued 


East Poplar River at Culvert Immediately below 
Cookson Reservoir 


3 


12368 


Cookson Reservoir near Dam 


4 


12377 
Discontinued 


Upper End of Cookson Reservoir at Highway 36 


5 


12412 
Discontinued 


Girard Creek at Coronach, Reservoir Outflow 


6 


7904 


Fife Lake Outflow 



A2-7 



CANADA 
UNITED STATES 




LEGEND 

▲ SASKATCHEWAN ENVIRONMENT 

■ ENVIRONMENT CANADA 



5 10 15 KILOMETERS 

I ^— r-" S 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS (CANADA) 



A2-8 



PARAMETERS 



l^espmisin^Xgency^^nvirTOmieiTrana^ 



ENVIRODAT* 
Code 



Analytical Method 



Sampling Frequency 
Station No. 1 



10151 


Alkalinity-phenolphthalein 


Potentiometric Titration 


SUS 


lOllI 


Alkalinity-total 


Potentiometric Titration 


SUS 


13102 


Aluminum-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


13302 


Aluminum-extracted 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


07540 


Ammonia-total 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


33108 


Arsenic-dissolved 


ICAP-hydride 


SUS 


56001 


Barium-total 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


06201 


Bicaibonates 


Calculated 


SUS 


05211 


Boron-dissolved 


ICAP 


SUS 


96360 


Bromoxynil 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


48002 


Cadmium-total 


AA Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


20103 


Calcium 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


06104 


Carbon-dissolved organic 


Automated IR Detection 


SUS 


06901 


Carbon-particulate 


Elemental Analyzer 


SUS 


06002 


Carbon-total organic 


Calculated 


SUS 


06301 


Carbonates 


Calculated 


SUS 


17206 


Chloride 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


06717 


Chlorophyll a 


Spectrophotometric 


SUS 


24003 


Chromium-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


27002 


Cobalt-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


36012 


Coliform-fecal 


Membrane Filtration 


SUS 


36002 


Coliform-total 


Membrane Filtration 


SUS 


02021 


Colour 


Comparator 


SUS 


02041 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


SUS 


06610 


Cyanide 


Automated UV-Colourimetric 


SUS 


09117 


Fluoride-dissolved 


Electrometric 


SUS 


06401 


Free Carbon Dioxide 


Calculated 


SUS 


10602 


Hardness 


Calculated 


SUS 


17811 


Hexachloro benzene 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


08501 


Hydroxide 


Calculated 


SUS 


26104 


Iron-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


82002 


Lead-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


12102 


Magnesium 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


25104 


Manganese-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


07901 


N-particulate 


Elemental Analyzer 


SUS 


07651 


N-total dissolved 


Automated UV Colourimetric 


SUS 


10401 


NFR 


Gravimetric 


SUS 


28002 


Nickel-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


07110 


Nitrate/Nitrite 


Colourimetric 


SUS 


07603 


Nitrogen-total 


Calculated 


SUS 


10650 


Non-Carbonate Hardness 


Calculated 


SUS 


18XXX 


Organo Chlorines 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


08101 


Oxygen-dissolved 


Winkler 


SUS 


15901 


P-parliculate 


Calculated 


SUS 


15465 


P-total dissolved 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


185XX 


Phenoxy Herbicides 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


15423 


Phosphorus-total 


Colourimetric (TRAACS) 


SUS 


19103 


Potassium 


Flame Emission 


SUS 


11250 


Percent Sodium 


Calculated 


SUS 


011201 


SAR 


Calculated 


SUS 


00210 


Saturation Index 


Calculated 


SUS 


34108 


Selenium-dissolved 


ICAP-hydride 


SUS 


14108 


Silica 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


11103 


Sodium 


Flame Emission 


SUS 


00211 


Stability Index 


Calculated 


SUS 


16306 


Sulphate 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


00201 


TDS 


Calculated 


SUS 


02061 


Temperature 


Digital Thermometer 


SUS 


02073 


Turbidity 


Nephelometry 


SUS 


23002 


Vanadium-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


30005 


Zinc-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


10301 


PH 


Electrometric 


SUS 


92111 


Uranium 


Fluometric 


SUS 



* - Computer Storage and Retrieval System — Environment Canada 

AA - Atomic Absorption IR - Infrared 

NFR - Nonfilterable Residue MC - Monthly Composite 

ICAP - Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma. SUS -Suspended 



UV - Ultraviolet 

BM - Bimonthly (Alternate months sampled by USGS) 



A2-9 



PARAMETERS 



Responsible Agency: 


Saskatchewan Environment 












Data Collected by: SaskPower 






















Samp] 


ing Frcq 


uency 




ESQUADAT* Code 


Parameter 


Analytical method 




Station No 






2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


10151 


Alkalinity-phenol 


Pot-Titration 


Q 





Q 





OF 


lOlOl 
13004 


Alkalinity-tot 


Pot-Titration 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


OF 


Aluminum-tot 


AA-Direct 


A 


A 


A 


A 




330O4 


Arsenic-tot 


Flameless AA i', - ' • - 


A 


A 


A 


A 




06201 


Bicaibonates 


Calculated 


Q 


Q 


Q 





OF 


05451 


Boron-tot 


ICAP 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


W 


48002 


Cadmium-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


A 


A 


A 


A 




20103 


Calcium 


AA-Direct 


Q 


Q 





Q 


OF 


06052 


Carbon-tot Inorganic 


Infrared 


Q 


Q 







OF 


06005 


Carbon-tot Organic 


Infrared 


Q 


Q 


Q 




OF 


06301 


Caibonates 


Calculated 


Q 





Q 


Q 


OF 


17203 


Chloride 


Automated Colourimetric 


Q 





Q 





OF 


06711 


Chlorophyll- 'a' 


Spectrophotometry 


Q 


Q 





Q 




24004 


Chromium-tot 


AA-Direct 


A 


A 


A 


A 




36012 


Coliform-fec 


Membrane filtration 


Q 


Q 








OF 


36002 


Coliform-tot 


Membrane filtration 


Q 


Q 





Q 


OF 


02041 


Conductivity 


Conductivity Meter 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


W 


29005 


Copper-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


A 


A 


A 


A 




09105 


Fluoride 


Specific Ion Electrode 


A 


A 


A 


A 




82002 


Lead-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


A 


A 


A 


A 




12102 


Magnesium 


AA-Direct 


Q 


Q 





Q 


OF 


80011 


Mercury-tot 


Flameless- AA 


A 


A 


A 


A 




42102 


Molybdenum 


AA-Solvent Extract (N-Butyl 
acetate) 


A 


A 


A 


A 




07015 


N-TKN 


Automated Colourimetric 


Q 





Q 





OF 


10401 


NFR 


Gravimetric 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


OF 


10501 


NFR( F) 


Gravimetric 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


OF 


28002 


Nickel-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


Q 


Q 


Q 





OF 


07110 


Nitrate + NO2 


Automated Colourimetric 


Q 


Q 


Q 





OF 


06521 


Oil and Grease 


Pet. Ether Extraction 


A 


A 


A 


A 




08102 


Oxygen-diss 


Meter 


Q 


Q 


Q 





OF 


15406 


Phosphorus-tot 


Colourimetry 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


OF 


19103 


Potassium 


Flame Photometry 


Q 


Q 








OF 


34005 


Selenium-Ext 


Hydride generation 


A 


A 


A 


A 




11103 


Sodium 


Flame Photometry 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


OF 


16306 


Sulphate 


Colourimetry 


Q 


Q 


Q 





OF 


10451 


TDS 


Gravimetric 


Q 


Q 


Q 





OF 


02061 


Temperature 


Thermometer 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


OF 


23004 


Vanadium-tot 


AA-Direct 


A 


A 


A 


A 




30005 


Zinc-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


A 


A 


A 


A 




10301 


pH 


Electrometric 


Q 


Q 


Q 


^ 


W 



• Computer storage and retrieval system - Saskatchewan Environment. 

Symbols: 

W - Weekly during overflow; OF - Once during each period of overflow greater than 2 weeks' duration; 

Q- Quarterly; A -Annually; AA - Atomic Absorption; Pot - Potentiometric; 

NFR - Nonfliterable residue; NFR(F) - Nonfilterabie residue, fixed; ICAP - Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma; 

AA - solvent extract (MIBK) - sample acidified and extracted with Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. 



A2- 10 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL DRAWDOWN 
DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING NEAR THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY 

[ Symbol: — , Data not available] 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Watershed Authority* 


Measurement Frequency: Quarterly 


Piezometer 


Location 


Tip of Screen 


Perforation Zone 


Number 




Elevation (m) 


(depth in metres) 


52 


NW 14-1-27 W3 


738.43 


43-49 (in coal) 


492A 


— 


— 


— 


506A 


SW 4-1-27 W3 


748.27 


81-82 (in coal) 


507 


SW 6-1-26 W3 


725.27 


34 - 35 (in coal) 


509 


NWl 1-1-27 W3 


725.82 


76 - 77 (in coal) 


510A 


NW 1-1-28 W3 


769.34 


28-29 (in layered coal and clay) 


782 


... 


— 


... 


811 


— 


--- 


— 



Data Collected by: SaskPower 



A2- 11 




CANADA 
UNITED STATES 



Scobey 



10 15 KILOMETERS 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING 



A2- 12 



GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING - 
POPLAR RIVER 

POWER STATION AREA 


SPC Piezometer 
Number 


Completion 
Formation 


C525 


Empress 


C526 


Empress 


C527 


Empress 


C528 


Oxidized 


C539 


Empress 


C540 


Empress 


C737 


Empress 


C739 


Empress 


C740 


Empress 


C741 


Empress 


C743 


Empress 


C746 


Mottled Till 


C747 


Mottled Till 


C748 


Mottled Till 


C756 


Empress 



Water levels measured quarterly 



SPC Piezometer 
Number 


Completion 
Formation 


C739 


Empress 



Samples collected annually 



A2-13 



C737^ C743/^C747 



Ash Lagoons 



C528_.C527 



POPLAR RIVER POWER STATION 
MONITORING LOCATIONS 
DECEMBER 2003 



LEGEND 

■ OXIDIZED TILL 
▲ MOTTLED TILL 
A EMPRESS 




A2- 14 



GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING— 

ASH LAGOON AREA - WATER LEVEL 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C529 


Empress 


C653A 


Unoxidized Till 


C712D 


Oxidized Till 


C714C 


Oxidized Till 


C726C 


Oxidized Till 


C727C 


Oxidized Till 


C728D 


Oxidized Till 


C763A 


Mottled Till 


C763C 


Mottled Till 


C763E 


Empress 


C764B 


Mottled Till 


C764C 


Oxidized Till 


C764D 


Unoxidized Till 


C764E 


Empress 


C765A 


Empress 


C765C 


Oxidized Till 


C765D 


Oxidized Till 


C765E 


Mottled Till 


C766A 


Empress 


C767A 


Empress 


C767B 


Unoxidized Till 


C775C 


Unoxidized Till 


C776B 


Oxidized Till 


C867C 


Unoxidized Till 


C868C 


Unoxidized Till 


C869C 


Unoxidized Till 


C871C 


Unoxidized Till 



Water levels measured quarterly 



A2-15 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment 
Data Collected by: SaskPower 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING-- 
ASH LAGOON AREA - WATER QUALITY 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C533 


Empress 


C534 


Oxidized Till 


C654 




C711 




C712A 


Unoxidized Till 


C712B 


Intra Till Sand 


C712C 


Mottled Till 


C712D 


Oxidized Till 


C713 


Oxidized Till 


C714A 


Unoxidized Till 


C714B 




C714C 


Oxidized Till 


C714D 


Oxidized Till 


C714E 


Empress 


C715 


Oxidized Till 


C717 




C720 




C721 




C722 




C723 




C724 




C725 




C726B 




C726C 


Oxidized Till 


C726E 


Empress 


C728A 


Oxidized Till 


C728C 


Mottled Till 


C728D 


Oxidized Till 


C728E 


Empress 



A2-16 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING-- 
ASH LAGOON AREA - WATER QUALITY 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C741 




C742 


Empress 


C758 


Intra Till Sand 


C763A 


Mottled Till 


C763B 


Oxidized Till 


C763D 


Unoxidized Till 


C763E 


Empress 


C767 


Intra Till Sand 


C867B 


Oxidized Till 


C867C 


Unoxidized Till 


C868B 


Oxidized Till 


C868C 


Unoxidized Till 


C869B 


Oxidized Till 


C870E 


Empress 


C871C 


Unoxidized Till 


C872B 


Oxidized Till 


C873E 


Empress 



Samples collected annually. 



A2- 17 



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DIAGRAM N0.1 
RIVER POWER ST 
!S-MONITORING 1 
ECEMBER 2003 

LEGEND 

XIDIZED LAYER 

NOXIDIZED LAYER 

lOTTLEDTILL 

MPRESS 

AND 

SH-ABQVE LINER 

URFACE MONITORING LOCATIO 

ILL-EMB 

^ Pneumatic Piezo 
/ by piezometer se 
C C766, C767, C768 
J and C893. Rema 
p are standard pie 






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Ambient Air-Quality Monitoring 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment 
Data Collected by: SaskPower 


No. On Map 


Location 


Parameters 


Reporting Frequency 


1 


Coronach (Discontinued) 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics. 






Total Suspended 
Particulate 


24-hour samples on 6-day cycle, 
corresponding to the national air 
pollution surveillance sampling 
schedule. 


2 


International Boundary 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics. 






Total Suspended 
Particulate 


24-hour samples on 6-day cycle, 
corresponding to the national air 
pollution surveillance sampling 
schedule. 


3 


PRPS Site 


Wind Speed and 
Direction 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics 


METHODS 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Saskatchewan Environment 
Pulsed fluorescence 


Total Suspended Particulate 


Saskatchewan Environment 
High Volume Method 



A2-19 




AMBIENT AIR-QUALITY MONITORING (CANADA) 



A2-20 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

2004 

UNITED STATES 



A2-21 



STREAMFLOW MONITORING 



Responsible Agency: U.S. Geological Survey 


No. on Map 


Station Number 


Station Name 


1* 


06178000 (11 AE008) 


Poplar River at International Boundary 


2* 


06178500 ( 11 AE003) 


East Poplar River at International 
Boundary 



* International Gauging Station 



A2-22 





: ■ .. ' „-. 










I 


\ /•■(/■» \g 


V 




"^ Luke M 






Rockgien * 


^-•y \ 






Xo, \1 




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— V__ ° t 

K \^ H Cookson \ 
I O.^ ^ M Reservoir ) 




^"^4^,- N. 


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CANADA \\ 




\_ ^.— J 


UNITED STATES 


^^^_^ 


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\^ (O^ 


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i 


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) 1 


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^ 


5 10 
III 


15 KILOMETERS 
1 


1 1 

5 


10 MILES 




HYDROMETRIC GAUGING STATIONS (UNITED STATES) 



A2-23 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING 


— Station Locations 


Responsible Agency: U.S. Geological Survey 


No. On Map 


uses Station No. 


STATION NAME 


1 


06178000 


Poplar River at International Boundary 


2 


06178500 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 


PARAMETERS | 




Annual Sampling Frequency 1 


Analytical 
Code 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


Sitel' 


Site 2" 


29801 


Alkalinity - lab 


Elect. Titration 


4 


4 


00625 


Ammonia +Org N-tot 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00608 


Ammonia - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


01000 


Arsenic - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01002 


Arsenic - tot 


AA,GF 


4 


4 


01005 


Barium - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01012 


Barium - total 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00025 


Barometric pressure 


Barometer, field 


4 


4 


01025 


Cadmium - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01027 


Cadmium - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00915 


Calcium - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


00940 


Chloride - diss 


IC 


4 


4 


01030 


Chromium - diss 


AA,GF 


4 


4 


01034 


Chromium - tot/rec 


AA,GF 


4 


4 


00095 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


4 


4 


01040 


Copper - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01042 


Copper - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00061 


Discharge - inst 


Direct measurement 


4 


4 


00950 


Fluoride - diss 


ISE 


4 


4 


01046 


Iron - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


01045 


Iron - tot/rec 


ICP 


4 


4 


01049 


Lead - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


01051 


Lead - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00925 


Magnesium - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


01056 


Manganese - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01055 


Manganese - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01065 


Nickel - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


71892 


Mercury - diss 


CVAF 


4 


4 


71890 


Mercury - tot/rec 


CVAF 


4 


4 


01067 


Nickel - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00613 


Nitrite - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00631 


Nitrate + Nitrite - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00300 


Oxygen-diss 


Oxygen membrane, field 


4 


4 


00400 


pH 


Electrometric, field 


4 


4 


00671 


Phos, Ortho-diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00665 


Phosphorous - tot 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00935 


Potassium - diss 


AA 


4 


4 


00931 


SAR 


Calculated 


4 


4 


80154 


Sediment - cone. 


Filtration-Gravimetric 


4 


4 


80155 


Sediment - load 


Calculated 


4 


4 


01145 


Selenium - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01147 


Selenium tot 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00955 


Silica - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00930 


Sodium - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


00945 


Sulphate - diss 


IC 


4 


4 


70301 


Total Dissolved Solids 


Calculated 


4 


4 


00010 


Temp Water 


Stem Thermometer 


4 


4 


00020 


Temp Air 


Stem Thermometer 


4 


4 


01090 


Zinc - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01092 


Zinc - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 



Samples collected obtained during the monthly periods: 



■ March - April; May; June; July - September 
- May; June; July; August - September 



Abbreviations: AA - atomic absorption; AE - atomic emission; cone. - concentration; CVAF - cold vapor atomic fluorescence; diss - dissolved; GF - 
graphite furnace; IC - ion exchange chromatography; ICP - inductively coupled plasma; ISE - ion-selective electrode; LIP - Laser 
Induced Phosphorescence; MS - mass spcctrography ; Org - organic; tot/rec - total recoverable 

A2-24 




5 10 15 KILOMETERS 

I ' — H h 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS (UNITED STATES) 



A2-25 



GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING ~ Station Locations 



Respons 


ble Agency: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology 




Map 
Number 


Well 
Location 


Total Depth (a) 
(m) 


Casing 

Diameter 

(cm) 


Aquifer 


Perforation Zone 
(m) 


7 


37N47E12BBBB 


44.1 


10.2 


Hart Coal 


39-44 


16 


37N46E3ABAB 


25.5 


10.2 


Fort Union 


23-25 


24 


37N48E5AB 


9.6 


10.2 


Alluvium 


9.2-9.6 


Parameters 


1 


Storet 










** 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


Sampling Frequency Station No. 




Code 










00440 


Bicarbonates 


Electromctric Titration 


Sample collection is annually for 




01020 


Boron-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 


all locations identified above. 




00915 


Calcium 


Emission Plasma 






00445 


Carbonates 


Electromctric Titration 


The analytical method descriptions 




00940 


Chloride 


Ion Chromatography 


are those of the Montana Bureau of 




00095 


Conductivity 


Whcatstone Bridge 


Mines and Geology Laboratory where 




00950 


Fluoride 


Ion Chromatography 


the samples are analysed. 




01046 


Iron-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






01049 


Lead-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






01130 


Lithium-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






00925 


Magnesium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






01056 


Manganese-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






01060 


Molybdenum 


Emission Plasma, ICP-MS 






00630 


Nitrate 


Ion Chromatography 






00400 


pH 


Electromctric 






00935 


Potassium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






00931 


SAR 


Calculated 






01145 


Selenium-diss 


ICP-MS 






00955 


Silica 


Emission Plasma, ICP-MS 






00930 


Sodium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






01080 


Strontium-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






00445 


Sulphate 


Ion Chromatography 






00190 


Zinc -diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






70301 


TDS 


Calculated 







SYMBOLS: 

*• - Computer storage and retrieval system - EPA 

ICP - MS - Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry 



ICP - Inductively Coupled Plasma Unit 



A2-26 




5 10 15 KILOMETERS 
I ' r-" ^ 



GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING (UNITED STATES) 



A2-27 



GROUND-WATER LEVELS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING 



Responsible Agency: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology | 


No. on Map 


Sampling 


5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,16,17,19,22,23,24 


Determine water levels quarterly 



A2-28 




GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING 



A2-29 



ANNEX 3 

RECOMMENDED FLOW APPORTIONMENT 

IN THE POPLAR RIVER BASIN 

BY THE INTERNATIONAL SOURIS-RED RIVERS ENGINEERING BOARD, 

POPLAR RIVER TASK FORCE ( 1 976) 



A3-1 



♦RECOMMENDED FLOW APPORTIONMENT 
IN THE POPLAR RIVER BASIN 

The aggregate natural flow of all streams and tributaries in the Poplar River Basin 
crossing the International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the 
United States subject to the following conditions: 



The total natural flow of the West Fork Poplar River and all its tributaries 
crossing the International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada 
and the United States but the flow at the International Boundary in each 
tributary shall not be depleted by more than 60 percent of its natural flow. 

The total natural flow of all remaining streams and tributaries in the Poplar 
River Basin crossing the International Boundary shall be divided equally 
between Canada and the United States. Specific conditions of this division are 
as follows: 

(a) Canada shall deliver to the United States a minimum of 60 percent of 
the natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River at the International 
Boundary, as determined below the confluence of Goose Creek and 
Middle Fork. 

(b) The delivery of water from Canada to the United States on the East 
Poplar River shall be determined on or about the first day of June of 
each year as follows: 

(i) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the 
immediately preceding March 1st to May 31st period does not 
exceed 4,690 cubic decameters (3,800 acre-feet), then a 
continuous minimum flow of 0.028 cubic metres per second 
(1.0 cubic foot per second) shall be delivered to the United 
States on the East Poplar River at the International Boundary 
throughout the succeeding 12 month period commencing June 
1st. In addition, a volume of 370 cubic decameters (300 acre- 
feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon demand at any 
time during the 1 2 month period commencing June 1 st. 

(ii) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the 
immediately preceding March 1st to May 31st period is greater 
than 4,690 cubic decameters (3,800 acre-feet), but does not 
exceed 9,250 cubic decameters (7,500 acre-feet), 

Canada-United States, 1976, Joint studies for flow apportionment. Poplar River Basin, Montana-Saskatchewan: Main 
Report, International Souris-Red Rivers Board, Poplar River Task Force, 43 pp. 



A3-2 



then a continuous minimum flow of 0.057 cubic metres per second 
(2.0 cubic feet per second) shall be delivered to the United States 
on the East Poplar River at the International Boundary during the 
succeeding period June 1st through August 3 1st. A minimum 
delivery of 0.028 cubic metres per second (1.0 cubic feet per 
second) shall then be maintained from September 1st through to 
May 31st of the following year. In addition, a volume of 617 cubic 
decameters (500 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States 
upon demand at any time during the 12-month period commencing 
Jime 1st. 



(iii) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 

determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the 
immediately preceding March 1st to May 31st period is greater 
than 9,250 cubic decameters (7,500 acre-feet), but does not exceed 
14,800 cubic decameters (12,000 acre-feet), then a continuous 
minimum flow of 0.085 cubic metres per second (3.0 cubic feet per 
second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar 
River at the International Boundary during the succeeding period 
June 1st through August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.057 cubic 
metres per second (2.0 cubic feet per second) shall then be 
maintained from September 1st through to May 31st of the 
following year. In addition, a volume of 617 cubic decameters 
(500 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon demand 
at any time during the 12 month period commencing June 1st. 

(iv) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar, as 

determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the 
immediately preceding March 1st to May 31st period exceeds 
14,800 cubic decameters (12,000 acre-feet) then a continuous 
minimum flow of 0.085 cubic metres per second (3.0 cubic feet per 
second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar 
River at the Intemational Boundary during the succeeding period 
June 1st through August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.057 cubic 
metres per second (2.0 cubic feet per second) shall then be 
maintained from September 1st through to May 31st of the 
following year. In addition, a volume of 1,230 cubic decameters 
(1,000 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon 
demand at any time during the 12-month period commencing June 
1st. 

(c) The natural flow at the Intemational Boundary in each of the 

remaining individual tributaries shall not be depleted by more than 
60 percent of its natural flow. 



A3-3 



3. The natural flow and division periods for apportionment purposes shall be 

determined, unless otherwise specified, for periods of time commensurate with 
the uses and requirements of both countries. 



A3-4 



ANNEX 4 



CONVERSION FACTORS 



A4-1 



CONVERSION FACTORS 

^c = 4,047 m' = 0.04047 ha 

ac-ft = 1,233.5 m^ = 1.2335 dam' 

C° = 5/9(F°-32) 

cm = 0.3937 in. 

cm^ = 0.155 in' 

dam' = 1,000 m' = 0.8107 ac-ft 

ft3 = 28.3171 X 10" V 

ha = 10,000 m' = 2.471 ac 

hm = 100 m = 328.08 ft 

W = IxlO'm' 

I.gpm = 0.0758 L/s 

in = 2.54 cm 

jjg = 2 .20462 lb = 1 . 1 X 1 0' tons 

Ion = 0.62137 miles 

km^ = 0.3861 mi' 

L = 0.3532 ft' = 0.21997 I. gal = 0.26420 U.S. gal 

L/s = 0.035 cfs = 13.193 I.gpm = 15.848 U.S. gpm 

m = 3.2808 ft 

m^ = 10.765 ft' 

^3 = 1,000 L = 35.3144 ft' = 219.97 I. gal= 264.2 U.S. gal 

m^/s = 35.314 ft'/s 

mm = 0.00328 ft 

tonne = 1,000 kg = 1.1023 ton (short) 

U.S. gpm = 0.0631 L/s 

For Air Samples 

ppm = 100 pphm = 1000 x (Molecular Weight of substance/24.45) mg/m' 



A4-2