# Patent

## Title
Composition for preventing or treating sepsis

## Abstract

Provided in the present invention is a peptide for preventing or treating sepsis. The peptide can improve symptoms of sepsis by inhibiting production of TNF, IL-1, and IL-6, which are cytokines that are related to sepsis, or can prevent or treat sepsis. Also disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition or a food composition containing the peptide as an active ingredient, a usage of the peptide for preventing or treating sepsis, and a kit comprising the peptide and instructions.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Technical Field
The techniques disclosed herein are compositions for preventing or treating sepsis, prevention of sepsis or treatment method, peptides for preventing or treating sepsis, and use of peptide for prevention or treatment of sepsis.
Background Art
Sepsis is a bacterial disease of addiction represented by its production and reproductive toxins into the blood or a potentially fetal whole-body inflammation. Cause of lesions in sepsis includes otitis media, skin maturation increases, pressure sores, pulmonary disease, tooth decay, cholecystitis, pyelitis, osteomyelitis, infected uterus, etc. However, there is also a place of pyogenic bacillus invasion are not sure. Pathogens are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungi, and the like. Symptoms include sudden onset of high fever, chills and shaking, Arthralgia, headache, and malaise.
The number of pulse decreases, breathe faster, if severe, consciousness vanishes. Severe sepsis occurs, when sepsis imports pulmonary dysfunction, blood clots or other blood disorders, decreased urine production, or organ dysfunction such as mental status changes.
Organ dysfunction of severe sepsis causes blood pressure (hypotension) or diseases such as lactic acidosis, but it is related to the one or more organs of the insufficient blood flow, which is septic shock.
Korea patent publication No. 1020040045400 discloses a composition for the treatment of sepsis.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Disclosure
Technical Problem
In an aspect, the purpose of the present invention is to prevention or to treatment of sepsis.
In an aspect, the purpose of the present invention is to improvement in symptoms of sepsis.
In an aspect, the purpose of the present invention is to prevention or treatment of septic shock.
In an aspect, the purpose of the present invention is to reduce the concentration of cytokine which related with sepsis.
In an aspect, the purpose of the present invention is to prevention or treatment of inflammation which induced sepsis or inflammation resulting from sepsis.
Technical Solution
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a composition, the composition, as an active ingredient, may include a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, the peptide sequence having at least 80% sequence homology to the peptide or peptide fragment thereof.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a method, the method comprising the peptide or fragment thereof in the prevention of sepsis peptide comprising a peptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in the amount effective, at least 80% sequence homology with the peptide sequence or a method of treatment or prevention of sepsis comprising administering to a subject in need of treatment.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to the use, the peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, the use of a peptide or fragment thereof in the prevention or treatment of sepsis peptide having a sequence homology of 80% or more and the peptide sequence.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a peptide, wherein the peptide is for the prevention or treatment of sepsis comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 peptide, wherein the peptide sequence having at least 80% sequence homology to the peptide or peptide fragment thereof.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a kit, the kit may include the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 peptide, wherein the peptide sequence having at least 80% sequence homology to the peptide or peptide fragment thereof; dose of the peptide, the route of administration, dosage and the number of instructions which indicates one or more indications.
In an aspect, the fragment may be a fragment composed of three or more amino acids.
In an aspect, the peptides may be derived from the human telomerase.
In an aspect, the prevention or treatment of sepsis may be to prevent or to treat septic shock.
In an aspect, the peptide may be administered in the form of injection formulation.
In an aspect, the injection formulation may be formulated for intravenous injection.
In an aspect, the injection formulation may be a solution in which a freeze-dried peptide was dissolved in saline.
In an aspect, the peptide concentration in the solution may be from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/mL.
In an aspect, the peptide may be administered in the dose of 0.5 to 5.0 mg/kg at 1 time.
In an aspect, the peptide may be administered in a single dose.
Advantageous Effects
In an aspect, the present invention can be lowered cytokine concentrations remarkably related to sepsis.
In an aspect, the present invention can effectively prevent or treat sepsis.
In an aspect, the present invention can improve the symptoms of sepsis effectively.
In an aspect, the present invention can prevent or cure septic shock in advance.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a result of measuring the concentration of the TNF-α by measuring the concentration in blood sample after each PEP 1, LPS, and LPS+PEP 1 was administered to the rat in accordance with Table 1.
FIG. 2 shows a result of the concentration of IL6 by measuring the concentration in blood after each PEP 1, LPS, and LPS+PEP 1 was administered to rats in accordance with Table 2.
FIG. 3 shows a result of the concentration of IL1b by measuring the concentration in blood after each PEP 1, LPS, and LPS+PEP 1 was administered to rats in accordance with Table 2.
FIG. 4 shows a result of a toxicity test within HeLa cells.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Best Mode
Septic shock means a serious infection and a result of sepsis, which can cause various organ dysfunction syndrome (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)) and can lead to death.
Severe sepsis occurs when sepsis imports pulmonary dysfunction, blood clots or other blood disorders, decreased urine production, or mental status changes and organ dysfunction.
Organ dysfunction of severe sepsis causing blood pressure (hypotension) or diseases such as lactic acidosis is related to one or more organs of the insufficient blood flow, this is septic shock.
Sepsis is resulting from an organ dysfunction, changes in local blood flow, sepsis-induced hypotension (<90 mmHg or decrease from baseline of >40 mmHg), the widespread intravascular coagulation.
One of the factors appeared to promote the development of MODS in patients with sepsis is cytokine-induced disorders observed as fine microcirculatory vascular thrombosis.
Produced from bacterial endotoxin and cytokines, in particular TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 cause damage to the endothelium by activating agglomeration(procoagulation) factors at endothelial.
The damaged endothelial surface may cause, as well as anti-fibrinolytic to inhibit the aggregation properties (antifibrinolysis) by increasing the blood coagulation, vascular thrombosis fine (thrombosis) and multiple organ failure.
Thus, TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 which are capable of inhibiting drug, such as a cytokine is effective to improving the symptoms of sepsis, or the treatment or prevention of sepsis.
Telomere is known as a repetitive sequence of genetic material found at the ends of chromosomes that prevent chromosomes from damage or merging onto other chromosomes. The length of the telomere is shortened at each cell division, and after a certain number of cell division, the telomere length is extremely shortened to the extent in which the cell stops dividing and dies. On the other hand, the elongation of telomeres is known to extend the life span of a cell. For an example, cancer cells excrete an enzyme called telomerase, which prevents shortening of telomeres, thus resulting in proliferation of cancer cells.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a composition, the composition may comprise a peptide or fragment thereof of a peptide having a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, at least 80% sequence homology with the peptide sequence.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a method, the method comprising the peptide or fragment thereof in the prevention of sepsis peptide comprising a peptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in the amount effective, at least 80% sequence homology with the peptide sequence or a method of treatment or prevention of sepsis comprising administering to a subject in need of treatment.
In an aspect, the invention relates to a use, the invention is the use of the amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 peptide, wherein the peptide sequence having at least 80% sequence homology to the peptide or peptide fragment thereof in the prevention or treatment of sepsis.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a peptide, wherein the peptide is the peptide for the prevention or treatment of sepsis comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 peptide, wherein the peptide sequence having at least 80% sequence homology to the peptide or peptide fragment thereof that.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a kit, the kit may include the amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 peptide, wherein the peptide sequence having at least 80% sequence homology to the peptide or peptide fragment thereof; dose of the peptide, the route of administration, dosage and the one or more of the indications.
In an aspect, the fragment can be a fragment composed of three or more amino acids.
In another aspect, the fragments may be composed of at least 4, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, 12 or more, 13 or more, 14 or more or 15 or more amino acids.
In an aspect, the peptides may be derived from the human telomerase.
Specifically, the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 refers to a peptide of position 611 to 626 of the entire human telomerase sequence (1132 amino acids, SEQ ID NO: 2).
In an aspect, prevention or treatment of the sepsis can be to prevent or  treat the septic shock.
In an aspect the peptide may be administered in the form of injection formulation but are not limited.
In an aspect the injection formulation may be an intravenous injection formulation.
In an aspect, the injection formulation may be a saline solution which a freeze-dried peptide was dissolved in
In an aspect, the peptide concentration in the solution may be from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/mL.
In another aspect, the peptide concentration in the solution is 0.6 mg/mL or more, or may be more than 0.7 mg/mL.
In another aspect, the solution of 0.8 mg/mL of peptide concentrations may be less than or less than 0.9 mg/mL.
For example, 0.75 mg/mL can be.
In an aspect the peptide may be administered once at a dose of 0.5 to 5.0 mg/kg.
In an aspect, the single dose is 0.6 mg/kg or more, 0.7 mg/kg or more, 0.8 mg/kg or more, 0.9 mg/kg or more, 1.0 mg/kg or more, 1.1 mg/kg or more, 1.2 mg/kg or more, 1.3 mg/kg or more, can be 1.4 mg/kg or more.
The dosage may be 4.5 mg/kg or less, 4.0 mg/kg or less, 3.5 mg/kg or less, 3.0 mg/kg or less, 2.5 mg/kg or less, 2.0 mg/kg or less, 1.8 mg/kg or less.
In an aspect the peptide may be administered in a single dose.
Sepsis is necessary to administer relatively high doses at short intervals because of acute inflammation.
The effect of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, the peptide having at least 80% sequence homology with the peptide sequence or the fragment of the peptide is very excellent even when the administration frequency is once, when the dose is 0.5 to 5.0 mg/kg.
But it is not necessarily limited to a single dose.
If necessary, the dosages of 0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg may be administered two or more times.
Further, in some cases, it may also increase the number of lower doses administered.
For example, lowering the dose of from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg, administered two or more times instead of the number of times, three times or more or at least four times, the administration interval for more than 30 minutes, 1 hour or more, and less than 2 hours or 3 hours may also be administered.
In an aspect, the composition may be a pharmaceutical composition.
In another aspect, the composition may be a food composition.
Sepsis and related symptoms as used herein, “substantially removed” means that is for reducing the occurrence of the symptoms of at least 96%.
As used herein, “treating” include, for example, the suppression of disorder, degeneration, or causing the congestion, or to reduce the severity of disorder, suppressing, inhibiting, and reduce or remove the symptoms of the disorder or to improve the symptoms.
As used herein, “suppression” of the disease progression or disease complications in a subject means that the disease progression and/or to prevent or reduce disease in a subject complications.
As used herein, the “Symptoms” and related sepsis includes any clinical signs associated with arthritis, or test, not limited to subjects feel or observed.
Inflammation can be a symptom of sepsis.
One aspect of the invention provides a polynucleotide encoding the peptide or fragments thereof which are peptides having a peptide comprising the SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 80% or more homology with the peptide sequence.
By using the polynucleotide, the peptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or the fragment or a peptide having the peptide sequence with at least 80% homology can be mass-produced.
For example, a vector including a polynucleotide encoding a peptide may be inserted into a host cell and the host cell may be cultured to produce the peptide at a large scale
The peptides disclosed herein can include a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence above 80%, above 85%, above 90%, above 95%, above 96%, above 97%, above 98%, or above 99% homology. Moreover, the peptides disclosed in the present invention can include a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 or its fragments, and a peptide with more than 1 transformed/substituted amino acid, more than 2 transformed/substituted amino acids, more than 3 transformed/substituted amino acids, more than 4 transformed/substituted amino acids, more than 5 transformed/substituted amino acids, more than 6 transformed/substituted amino acids, or more than 7 transformed/substituted amino acids.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, changes in amino acid sequence belong to the modification of peptide's physical and chemical characteristics. For example, amino acid transformation can be performed by improving thermal stability of the peptide, altering substrate specificity, and changing the optimal pH.
The term “amino acid” herein includes not only the 22 standard amino acids that are naturally integrated into peptide but also the D-isomers and transformed amino acids.
Therefore, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, a peptide herein includes a peptide having D-amino acids. On the other hand, a peptide may include non-standard amino acids such as those that have been post-translationally modified. Examples of post-translational modification include phosphorylation, glycosylation, acylation (including acetylation, myristorylation, palmitoylation), alkylation, carboxylation, hydroxylation, glycation, biotinylation, ubiquitinylation, transformation in chemical properties (e.g. β-removing deimidation, and deamidation), and structural transformation (e.g. formation of disulfide bridge). Also, changes of amino acids are included, such as changes of an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a side chain that occur due to chemical reactions during the combination process with crosslinkers for formation of a peptide conjugate.
A peptide disclosed herein may be a wild-type peptide that has been identified and isolated from natural sources. On the other hand, when compared to peptide fragments of SEQ ID NO: 1, the peptides disclosed herein may be artificial mutants that comprise one or more substituted, deleted, and/or inserted amino acids. Amino acid alteration in wild-type polypeptide—not only in artificial mutants—comprises conservative substitution of amino acids that do not significantly influence protein folding and or activation. Examples of conservative substitution belong to the group consisting of basic amino acids (arginine, lysine, and histidine), acidic amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartic acid), polar amino acids (glutamine and asparagines), hydrophobic amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine, and methionine), aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), and small amino acids (glycine, alanine, serine, and threonine). The amino acid substitutions that do not generally alter the specific activity are known in the art of the present invention. Most commonly occurring alterations are Ala/Ser, Val/Ile, Asp/Glu, Thr/Ser, Ala/Gly, Ala/Thr, Ser/Asn, Ala/Val, Ser/Gly, Tyr/Phe, Ala/Pro, Lys/Arg, Asp/Asn, Leu/Ile, Leu/Val, Ala/Glu, Asp/Gly, and the opposite alterations. Other examples of conservative substitutions are shown in the following table 1:









TABLE 1





Original

Preferable residue


amino acid
Examples of residue substitution
substitution







Ala (A)
val; leu; ile
Val


Arg (R)
lys; gln; asn
Lys


Asn (N)
gln; his; asp, lys; arg
Gln


Asp (D)
glu; asn
Glu


Cys (C)
ser; ala
Ser


Gln (Q)
asn; glu
Asn


Glu (E)
asp; gln
Asp


Gly (G)
Ala
Ala


His (H)
asn; gln; lys; arg
Arg


Ile (I)
leu; val; met; ala; phe; norleucine
Leu


Leu (L)
norleucine; ile; val; met; ala; phe
Ile


Lys (K)
arg; gln; asn
Arg


Met (M)
leu; phe; ile
Leu


Phe (F)
leu; val; ile; ala; tyr
Tyr


Pro (P)
Ala
Ala


Ser (S)
thr
Thr


Thr (T)
Ser
Ser


Trp (W)
tyr; phe
Tyr


Tyr (Y)
trp; phe; thr; ser
Phe


Val (V)
ile; leu; met; phe; ala; norleucine
Leu









The substantial transformation of the biological properties of peptides are performed by selecting a significantly different substitution in the following efficacies: (a) the efficacy in maintaining the structure of the polypeptide backbone in the area of substitution, such as sheet or helical three-dimensional structures, (b) the efficacy in maintaining electrical charge or hydrophobicity of the molecule in the target area, or (c) the efficacy of maintaining the bulk of the side chain. Natural residues are divided into groups by general side chain properties as the following:
(1) hydrophobicity: Norleucine, met, ala, val, leu, ile;
(2) neutral hydrophilicity: cys, ser, thr;
(3) acidity: asp, glu;
(4) basicity: asn, gin, his, lys, arg;
(5) residue that affects chain orientation: gly, pro; and
(6) aromaticity: trp, tyr, phe.
Non-conservative substitutions may be performed by exchanging a member of the above classes to that of a different class. Any cysteine residues that are not related in maintaining the proper three-dimensional structure of the peptide can typically be substituted into serine, thus increasing the oxidative stability of the molecule and preventing improper cross-linkage. Conversely, improvement of stability can be achieved by adding cysteine bond(s) to the peptide.
Altered types of amino acids variants of peptides are those that an antibody glycosylation pattern changed. The term “change” herein relates to deletion of carbohydrate residues and/or addition of at least one glycosylated residue that does not exist within a peptide.
Glycosylation in peptides are typically N-connected or O-connected. The term “N-connected” herein relates to that carbohydrate residues are attached to the side chain of asparagine residues. As tripeptide sequences, asparagine-X-serine and asparagine-X-threonine (where the X is any amino acid except proline) are the recognition sequences for attaching carbohydrate residue enzymatically to the side chain of asparagine. Therefore, with the presence of one of these tripeptide sequences in a polypeptide, the potential glycosylation sites are created. “O-connected glycosylation” means attaching one sugar selected from N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose, or xylose to hydroxyl amino acids. The hydroxyl amino acids are most typically serine or threonine, but 5-hydroxyproline or 5-hydroxylysine can be used.
Addition of a glycosylation site to a peptide is conveniently performed by changing an amino acid sequence to contain a tripeptide sequence mentioned above (for N-linked glycosylation sites). These changes may be made by addition of at least one from serine or threonine residues to the first antibody sequence, or by substitution with these residues (for O-linked glycosylation sites).
In another aspect herein embodiment provides, nucleic acid molecule encoding the above polypeptide, the nucleotide sequence thereof has, for example GAA GCG CGC CCG GCG CTG CTG ACC AGC CGC CTG CGC TTT ATT CCG AAA SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 3).
The nucleic acid molecule can be introduced in the host cell according to known techniques.
For example, calcium phosphate method, a liposome, electroporation, viruses, and cells transformed by being brought into contact with, or directly into cells by micro-injection method, and the like.
Host cell is a higher eukaryotic cell, such as mammalian cell, or a lower eukaryotic cell, for example, yeast cells, or prokaryotic cells or, for example, may be a bacterial cell.
Suitable prokaryotic hosts for transformation can be exemplified as E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, microbacterial species belonging to the genus.
A vector comprising nucleic acid molecules typically may include origin of replication that allows the transformation of a host cell with a recombinant expression vector and a selectable marker (e.g., Dihydro folate reductase or neomycin resistance for eukaryotic cell culture, or Tetracycline or ampicillin resistance in E. coli, or the S. cerevisiae TRP1 gene), and promoter to control transcription of protein coating sequence.
Useful expression vectors are, for example, derivatives of SV40 and pcDNA and col E1, pCR1, pBR322, pMal-C2, pET, pGEX (Smith, et al., Gene 67:31-40 (1988)) such as known bacterial plasmid, pMB9 and plasmids such as RP4 and its derivative, phage DNA, such as the numerous derivatives of phage NM989 I like, and M13 and filamentous phage such as phage DNA, single-stranded DNA; yeast plasmid, for example, phage DNA or vectors derived from combinations of plasmids and phage DNA modified in order to use the expression control sequence.
Mammalian expression vector includes replication origin, a suitable promoter and enhancer.
Also it can includes essential ribosome binding site, a polyadenylation site, splice donor and acceptor sites, transcriptional termination sequences, and 5′ flanking sequences.
Mammalian expression vectors include an inducible promoter, such as dihydro folate reductase vector comprising a promoter, any expression vector comprising DHFR cassette or pED such as DHFR/methotrexate co-amplification vector (Randal J, Kaufman, 1991, Randal J. Kaufman, Current Protocols in Molycular Biology, 16, 12 (1991)).
Or glutamine synthetase/methionine sulfoxide thymine co-amplification vector, such pEE14 (Celltech).
Indicating an expression vectors under the control of the episomal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or nuclear antigen (EBNA), for example, pREP4 (Invitrogen), pCEP4 (Invitrogen), pMEP4 (Invitrogen), pREP8 (Invitrogen), pREP9 (Invitrogen), and pEBVHis (Invitrogen) can be used.
Selective mammalian expression vectors are Rc/CMV (Invitrogen), pRc/RSV
(Invitrogen) and the like.
The vaccinia virus mammalian expression vectors which can be used in this invention are pSC11, pMJ601, pTKgptF1S and the like.
The yeast expression systems which can be used in this invention include the non-fusion pYES2 vector (Invitrogen), the fusion pYESHisA, B, C (Invitrogen), pRS vectors and the like.
The vector may be introduced into a mammalian cells particularly derived from human cell, or bacteria, yeast, fungi, insects, nematode and plant cells.
Examples of suitable cells are, VERO cells, HELA cells such as ATCC No. ATCC No. CCL2, CHO cell lines, such as CCL61, COS cells such as COS-7 cells and ATCC No. CRL 1650 cells, W138, BHK, HepG2, 3T3, for example ATCC No. CRL6361, A549, PC12, K562 cells, 293 cells, Sf9 cells such as ATCC No. CRL1711 and Cv1 cells such as ATCC No. CCL70, and so on.
Any other suitable cells used in this invention are prokaryotic host cells strains such as Escherichia coli (e.g., strain DH5-α), Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, or Pseudomonas, Strains belonging to the genus Streptomyces and Staphylococcus. 
According to an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a pharmaceutical composition or a food composition, which effectively delivers active components into cells, the pharmaceutical composition or the food composition including a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No.: 1 or a fragment peptide thereof, an HSP binding peptide comprising an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of 80% or greater to the amino acid sequence, and a conjugate of an active component.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the composition may contain 0.1 μg/mg to 1 mg/mg, specifically 1 μg/mg to 0.5 mg/mg, more specifically 10 μg/mg to 0.1 mg/mg of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of 80% or greater to the amino acid sequence, or a peptide fragment thereof. When the peptide is contained in the above-mentioned range, all the safety and stability of the composition may be satisfied and cost-effectiveness may be achieved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the composition may have applications to all animals including humans, dogs, chickens, pigs, cows, sheep, guinea pigs, and monkeys.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a pharmaceutical composition may be administered through oral, rectal, transdermal, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intramedullary, epidural, or subcutaneous means.
Forms of oral administration may be, but not limited to, tablets, pills, soft or hard capsules, granules, powders, solutions, or emulsions. Forms of non-oral administration may be, but not limited to, injections, drips, lotions, ointments, gels, creams, suspensions, emulsions, suppositories, patches, or sprays.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition, if necessary, may contain additives, such as diluents, excipients, lubricants, binders, disintegrants, buffers, dispersants, surfactants, coloring agents, aromatics, or sweeteners. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition may be manufactured by conventional methods of the industry in the art.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition may vary according to the patient's age, sex, weight, pathology state and severity, administration route, or prescriber's judgment. Dosage may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the above-mentioned factors, and the daily dose may be, but is not limited to, about 0.1 μg/kg/day to about 1 g/kg/day, specifically about 1 μg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day, more specifically about 10 μg/kg/day to about 1 mg/kg/day, and more specifically about 50 μg/kg/day to about 100 μg/kg/day. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered, but is not limited to, 1 to 3 times a day.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a cosmetic composition suitable for topical application can be provided with all formulation.
For example, it can be provided with a solution, emulsion obtained by dispersing the oil phase in the aqueous phase, emulsion obtained by dispersing the aqueous phase in the oil phase, a suspension, a solid, a gel, a powder, a paste, a foam(foam), or the aerosol formulation.
Such formulations can be produced according to a conventional method.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cosmetic composition within a range not impairing the effect, preferably the composition can include other ingredients which can synergistic effects on the main effect.
In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the cosmetic composition may include a moisturizing agent, emollient agent, surfactant, ultraviolet absorbent, antiseptic, fungicide, antioxidant, pH regulator, an organic or inorganic pigment, fragrance, feeling of cold, or restriction.
The amount of the above components of the invention can be selected in the range of not damaging the objects and effects, and the amount of the above components can be the 0.01 to 5% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 3% by weight.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, food composition is not limited in its formulations, but the food composition may be tablets, granules, powder, liquid formulations, or solid preparations. In addition to the active ingredients, each formulation may be prepared with ingredients commonly used in the industry and appropriately chosen by those skilled in the art, and effects of the formulation may increase when the formulation is applied simultaneously with other ingredients.
Determination of a dosage of the above-mentioned active ingredient may be known by one of ordinary skill in the art, and a daily dosage may be about 1 μg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day, more specifically about 10 μg/kg/day to about 1 mg/kg/day, and more specifically about 50 μg/kg/day to about 100 μg/kg/day. However, the daily dosage is not limited to these numbers and may vary according to other various factors such as age, health status, and complications of the subject of administration.
Forms of oral administration may be, but not limited to, solid or liquid dosage unit, for example powders, discutients, tablets, sugarcoated pills, capsules, granules, suspensions, solutions, syrups, drop agents, sublingual tablet other formulations.
Forms of powders are produced by pulverizing the compound of the present invention to an appropriate particle size. Forms of discutients are also produced by pulverizing the compound of the present invention and mixing with pharmaceutical carriers, for instance carbohydrates such as starch and mannitol pulverized to an appropriate particle size. If necessary, forms of powders may contain additives, such as excipients, preservatives, dispersants, coloring agents, aromatics or others.
Forms of granules as described above are produced by filling in a capsule shall such as gelatin capsule with forms of powders, discutients or tablets. After forms of lubricants or fluidizing agents such as colloidal silica, talk, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, and solid polyethylene glycol are mixed to forms of powders, the operation of filling may make progress. Adding the forms of disintegrants or solubilizer such as carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, low level substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, crosscarmellose sodium, carboxymethyl starch sodium, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate may increase an effectiveness of a drug when the forms of capsules are taken.
Also, forms of micro powder of the present invention may be soft capsules made by dispersing in plant oil, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, and surfactant and covering with gelatin sheets.
Forms of tablet are made by adding excipients to create powder mixture, being granulation or slug, and tableting after adding lubricant.
If necessary, the dose prescription for oral administration may be a microcapsule. The prescription may also arouse time delay or sustain release by covering with sheath or dipping in polymer or wax.
Forms of non-oral administration may use injection, suppository and etc. For subcutaneous, muscle, or vein injection, a single dose unit such as forms of solution or suspension may be used. They are made by dissolving part of compound in non-toxic liquid carrier that is suitable for injection, and sterilizing the solution or suspension. In order to make the solution of injection isotonic solution, non-toxic salt or salt-solution may be added. Also, stabilizers, preservatives, emulsifiers may be used in combination.
Rectal administration may use a suppository made by dissolving the compound of the present invention in the mixture comprising solid having low melting point and being soluble or insoluble in water such as polyethylene glycol, cacao butter, semi synthetic lipid, poly ester (e.g. palmitic myristyl ester).
The composition for preventing and treating rheumatoid arthritis according to the present invention may be used in mixture or combination with other drugs such as anti-inflammatory steroid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, immunosuppressant, disease modification anti-rheumatism drug.
The terms used herein is intended to be used to describe the embodiments, not to limit the present invention. Terms without numbers in front are not to limit the quantity, but to show that there may be more than one thing about the term used. The terms “comprising”, “having”, “including” and “containing” shall be interpreted openly (i.e. “including but not limited to”).
Mention of a numerical range is used instead of stating separate numbers within the range, so unless it is explicitly stated, the range should be construed as if all the numbers within the range are separately described herein. The end values of all the ranges are included in the range and can be combined independently.
Unless otherwise noted or clearly contradicting in context, all methods mentioned herein can be performed in a proper order. The use of any one embodiment and all embodiments, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”, “like  ̃”), unless included in the claims, is used to more clearly describe the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention. Any language herein outside of the claims should not be interpreted as a necessity of the present invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the meanings ordinarily understood by a person skilled in the art that the present invention belongs to.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention include the best mode known to the inventors to perform the present invention. Variations in the preferred embodiments can become clear to those skilled in the art after reading the statements above. The present inventors hope that those skilled in the art can use the variations adequately and present invention be conducted in other ways than listed herein. Thus, the present invention, as allowed by the patent law, includes equivalents, modifications and variations thereof, of the key points of the invention stated in the appended claims. In addition, all possible variations within any combination of the above-mentioned components are included in the present invention, unless explicitly stated otherwise or contradicting in context. Although the present invention is described and shown by exemplary embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand well that there can be various changes in the form and details without departing from the spirit of the invention and range, defined by the claims below.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Synthesis of Peptide
The peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 was synthesized according to the conventionally known method of solid phase peptide synthesis. More specifically, the peptide was synthesized by coupling each amino acid from C-terminus through Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis, SPPS, using ASP48S (Peptron, Inc., Daejeon ROK). Those peptides with their first amino acid at the C-terminus being attached to a resin were used as follows:

    NH2-Lys(Boc)-2-chloro-Trityl Resin
    NH2-Ala-2-chloro-Trityl Resin
    NH2-Arg(Pbf)-2-chloro-Trityl Resin


All the amino acids to synthesize the peptide were protected by Fmoc at the N-terminus, and the amino acid residues were protected by Trt, Boc, t-Bu (t-butylester), Pbf (2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl dihydro-benzofuran-5-sulfonyl) that can be dissolved in an acid. Examples include the followings:
Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH, Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Met-OH, Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Ahx-OH, Trt-Mercaptoacetic acid.
HBTU[2-(1H-Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetamethylaminium hexafluorophosphate]/HOBt [N-Hydroxybenzotriazole]/NMM [4-Methylmorpholine] were used as the coupling reagents. Piperidine in 20% DMF was used to remove Fmoc. In order to remove the protection from residues or to separate the synthesized peptides from Resin, cleavage cocktail [TFA (trifluoroacetic acid)/TIS (triisopropylsilane)/EDT (ethanedithiol)/H2O=92.5/2.5/2.5/2.5] was used.
The peptide synthesis was performed by using solid phase scaffold with the repetition of the following processes: starting with the amino acid protection, separate reaction of each amino acid, washing with solvents, and deprotection. Each peptide was synthesized by using the solid phase scaffold combined to starting amino acid with the amino acid protection, reacting the corresponding amino acids separately, washing with a solvent and deprotected, and repeating the processes. Upon the release from the resin, the synthesized peptides were purified by HPLC, validated by Mass Spectrometry, and freeze-dried, and verify for synthesis by MS, and then freeze-dried.
The purity of the prepared peptide was found to be 95% or higher by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Specific peptide synthesis process is described as the following based on the synthesis process of PEP 1 which has SEQ ID: NO. 1.
1) Coupling
The amino acid (8 equivalent) protected with NH2-Lys(Boc)-2-chloro-Trityl Resin, and coupling agent HBTU(8 equivalent)/HOBt(8 equivalent.)/NMM(16 equivalent) melted in DMF were mixed together, and incubated at room temperature (RT) for 2 hr. Following the incubation, the reaction mixture was subjected to the sequential washes of DMF, MeOH, and DMF.
2) Fmoc Deprotection
Piperidine in 20% DMF was added and incubated at RT for 5 minutes 2 times, then sequentially washed with DMF, MeOH, and DMF.
3) Making the basic framework of peptide, NH2-E(OtBu)-A-R(Pbf)-P-A-L-L-T(tBu)-S(tBu)-R(Pbf)L-R(Pbf)-F-I-P-K(Boc)-2-chloro-Trityl Resin) by repeating the above mentioned-reactions 1) and 2).
4) Cleavage: Cleavage Cocktail was added to the completely synthesized peptide, thus separating the synthesized peptide from the resin.
5) Pre-chilled diethyl ether was added into the obtained mixture, and then centrifugation was used to precipitate gathered peptide.
6) After purification by Prep-HPLC, the molecular weight was confirmed by LC/MS and lyophilized to produce in a powder form.
Example 2
Preparation of Formulation
1. PEP 1 Preparation of the Intravenous Formulation
The PEP 1 of the freeze-dried powder form obtained according to Example 1 was used and dissolved in 0.9% saline.
PEP 1 of correction for purity (purity: 97.3%, content: 85.3%) was prepared by conducting the injectable solutions in a concentration of 0.75 mg/mL with 0.9% sodium chloride solution as an excipient just before administration.
2. LPS Intravenous Preparations of Formulation
As Lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), Escherichia coli (E. coli) O127: B8 (ATCC 12740) (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, Mo., USA, L3129) of LPS were used.
LPS also using a 0.9% saline immediately before the administration was prepared by dissolving a 0.25 mg/mL capacity.
Example 3
Animal Experiments
In this experiment, the Corporation Korea Institute of Animal Science and Animal experiments were conducted in compliance with the Code of Ethics.
In addition, this experiment as the Non GLP test was carried out with the Food and Drug Administration Announcement No. 2009-183 (Dec. 22, 2009) “Non-standard clinical trial management, and OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (1997).
In this experiment, after causing the inflammation associated with sepsis in Sprague-Dawley rat administered with the test substance, and then the PEP 1 blood nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines were measured.
Used Sprague-Dawley rat was a specific pathogen-free SPF rats which was obtained from Orient Bio (Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Gapyeong mokdongri Buk-myeon).
8.5 weeks old, among 100 male rats with a body weight less than 250 g±20%, observations of seven days, 96 healthy males (mean 9.5 weeks, mean body weight (g) of ±20% or less) became targets of experiment which was carried out.
Breeding conditions were temperature 23±3° C., relative humidity 55±15%, the number of ventilation 10-20 times/hr, lighting time 12 hours (8:00 am to 8:00 pm lights off) and 150 ̃300 Lux Illumination.
Divide the 48 rats in all four groups were administered the PEP 1 and/or LPS for each group.
All routes of administration were intravenous administration.
Specifically, the exemplary formulations and PEP 1 prepared in Example 2/or the LPS was administered by intravenous injection formulation.
Both times were administered once.
The dose was administered by calculating 2 mL/kg on the basis of the measured weight before administration to the last
Dosage of each group was carried out as in the following Table.











TABLE 2









Dose (mg/kg)
Injection formulation dosage
Number of











No
PEP 1
LPS
(mL/kg)
animals





G1
—
—
2
12


G2
1.5
—
2
12


G3
—
0.5
2
12


G4
1.5
0.5
2
12









First, PEP 1 for all animal and/or blood sample was collected before administration of LPS on the day before by 0.8 mL.
All subjects were bled on the following day for the first administration of LPS administered according to the above table, LPS after 30 minutes from the time of administration, PEP 1 dose administration was performed for the subject group.
Dosages were as indicated in the table.
After completion of the administration of LPS administered every 75 minutes and 255 minutes from the time (i.e., PEP 1 from the time of administration of each 45 minutes and 195 minutes) at each blood sample was 0.8 mL.
With respect to the sampling of blood was used for analyzing cytokines.
TNF-α, IL-1b and IL-6 concentrations were measured which were the main indicator of cytokines in sepsis.
For G1 ̃G4 in Table 1, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 concentration was measured.
The results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
“*” Means p<0.05 shown in Fig.
FIG. 1 is a result of blood after the administration of each PEP 1, LPS, and LPS+PEP 1 in accordance with Table 1, and measuring the concentration of TNF-α blood.
As shown in FIG. 1, blood of rats with LPS induced sepsis has TNF-α present in a high concentration, but after the LPS administration, the concentration of TNF-α in the blood of rats as a result only 195 minutes handle PEP 1 can be seen significantly reduced
FIG. 2 is a result of blood after the administration of each PEP 1, LPS, and LPS+PEP 1 in accordance with Table 2 shows the results of measuring the concentration of blood IL6.
As shown in FIG. 2, blood of rats with LPS induced sepsis is present in a high concentration of the IL6, but the IL6 after LPS administration, the concentration of the blood of the rats in the results of IL6 only 195 minutes treated with PEP 1 can be seen significantly reduced.
FIG. 3 is a result of the concentration in the blood after the administration of LPS+PEP 1 to draw blood by measuring the concentration of blood IL1b in accordance with Table 2.
As shown in FIG. 3, the concentration of IL1b is high in the blood of rats induced sepsis, but after administration of LPS and PEP1, the concentration of IL1b in the blood of rats is significantly reduced only after 195 minutes.
On the other hand, a single dose of 1.5 mg/kg, all rats were found to be alive.
Example 4
Toxicity
(1) Cell Culture
HeLa cell line was purchased from ATCC. The HeLa cell line was maintained in MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen, USA), Earle's salts, non-essential amino acids, sodium pyruvate, 100 μg/ml penicillin and 100 units/ml streptomycin, and then incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2.
(2) Cell Viability and Toxicity Analysis
The cells were seeded into 96-well plates and added to each well for medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen, USA), 100 ug/ml penicillin and 100 units/ml streptomycin. The cells were cultured in 37° C., 5% CO2 for 12 h incubator. After incubated, plates washed by PBS, and added MEM(Minimum essential medium) for starvation during 1 h. The 20 uM of PEP 1 with 100 uL of the aqueous solution were added to each well, and then the cells were incubated at 37° C. for 24. After incubated, the cell viability and toxicity were evaluated using an MTT assay. The result is shown in FIG. 4.

## Claims

1. A method for preventing or treating sepsis comprising administering to a subject in need thereof the isolated peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the peptide is administered in a single dose at a concentration of 0.1 μg/kg to 1.0 g/kg.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the peptide is administered in a single dose at a concentration of 1 μg/kg to 10 mg/kg.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the peptide is administered 1 to 3 times a day.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the peptide is administered at a daily dose of 0.1 μm/kg to 1.0 g/kg.

6. A method for preventing or treating sepsis comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising the isolated peptide of SEQ ID NO: 1.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition is administered through oral, rectal, transdermal, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intramedullary, epidural, or subcutaneous routes.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition comprises 0,1 μg/ing to 1 mg/mg of isolated peptide.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the peptide is administered in a single dose at a concentration of 0.1 μg/kg to 1.0 g/kg.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the peptide is administered in a single dose at a concentration of 1 μg/kg to 10 mg/kg.

11. The method of claim 6, wherein the peptide is administered 1 to 3 times a day.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the peptide is administered at a daily dose of 0.1 μg/kg to 1.0 g/kg.