Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

State Implementation Plan Revision:

2011 Base Year Inventory for the Pennsylvania 

Portion of Five 2008 Ozone Nonattainment Areas:

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton

Lancaster

Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley

Reading

September 2015

Bureau of Air Quality

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

P.O. Box 8468

Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468

717-787-9495

www.dep.state.pa.us
[This page intentionally left blank.]
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Table of Contents

Introduction and Overview ..............................................................................................................1

Summary of the Base Year Emissions Inventory ............................................................................3

1. 2011 Base Year Inventory ...................................................................................................3

2011 Base Year SIP Emission Inventory.............................................................................4

2. Point Sources .......................................................................................................................5

3. Nonpoint Sources.................................................................................................................8

4. Nonroad Sources................................................................................................................10

5. Onroad Sources..................................................................................................................13

Analysis Methodology.......................................................................................................14

6. Quality Assurance Procedures...........................................................................................16

Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................18

Tables

Table 1a: 2011 Base Year Emission Inventories Summary by Sector for the 2008 

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area............................4

Table 1b: 2011 Base Year Emission Inventories Summary by Sector for the 2008 

Lancaster Area Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area ...................................................4

Table 1c: 2011 Base Year Emission Inventories Summary by Sector for the 

Pennsylvania Portion of the 2008 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PANJ-MD-DE Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area ........................................................4

Table 1d: 2011 Base Year Emission Inventories Summary by Sector for the 2008 

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area...................................5

Table 1e: 2011 Base Year Emission Inventories Summary by Sector for the 2008 

Reading Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area ..............................................................5

Table 2a: 2011 Base Year SIP Point Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area............................7

Table 2b: 2011 Base Year SIP Point Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 Lancaster 

Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area ............................................................................7

Table 2c: 2011 Base Year SIP Point Source Emission Inventories for the Pennsylvania 

Portion of the 2008 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-MD-DE 

Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area ............................................................................7

Table 2d: 2011 Base Year SIP Point Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area...................................8

Table 2e: 2011 Base Year SIP Point Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 Reading 

Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area ............................................................................8

Table 3a: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonpoint Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area............................9
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Table 3b: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonpoint Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Lancaster Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area............................................................9

Table 3c: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonpoint Source Emission Inventories for the 

Pennsylvania Portion of the 2008 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PANJ-MD-DE Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area ........................................................9

Table 3d: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonpoint Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area...................................9

Table 3e: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonpoint Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Reading Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area ............................................................10

Table 4a: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonroad Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area..........................12

Table 4b: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonroad Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Lancaster Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area..........................................................13

Table 4c: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonroad Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-MD-DE Marginal Ozone 

Nonattainment Area .....................................................................................................13

Table 4d: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonroad Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Ozone Marginal Nonattainment Area.................................13

Table 4e: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonroad Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Reading Ozone Marginal Nonattainment Area ............................................................13

Table 5a: 2011 Base Year SIP Highway Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area..........................15

Table 5b: 2011 Base Year SIP Highway Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Lancaster Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area..........................................................15

Table 5c: 2011 Base Year SIP Highway Source Emission Inventories for the 

Pennsylvania Portion of the 2008 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PANJ-MD-DE Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area ......................................................15

Table 5d: 2011 Base Year SIP Highway Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area.................................16

Table 5e: 2011 Base Year SIP Highway Source Emission Inventories for the 2008 

Reading Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area ............................................................16
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Appendices

Appendix A: Point Sources

Appendix A-1: 2011 Point Source Annual Inventory

Appendix A-2: 2011 Point Source Ozone Season Inventory

Appendix B: Nonpoint Sources

Appendix B-1: 2011 Nonpoint Source Annual Inventory

Appendix B-2: 2011 Nonpoint Source Ozone Season Inventory

Appendix C: Nonroad Sources

Appendix C-1: 2011 Nonroad Source Annual Inventory

Appendix C-2: 2011 Nonroad Source Ozone Season Inventory

Appendix D: Onroad Sources

Appendix D-1: 2011 Onroad Source Annual Inventory

Appendix D-2: 2011 Onroad Source Ozone Season Inventory
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Introduction and Overview

Maintaining concentrations of ground-level ozone below the health-based ambient air quality 

standard is important because ozone is a serious human health threat, and also can cause damage 

to important food crops, forests, and wildlife.

Repeated exposure to ozone pollution may cause a variety of adverse health effects for both 

healthy people and those with existing conditions including difficulty in breathing, chest pains, 

coughing, nausea, throat irritation, and congestion. It can exacerbate bronchitis, heart disease, 

emphysema, and asthma, and reduce lung capacity. Asthma is a significant and growing threat 

to children and adults. Ozone can aggravate asthma, causing more frequent occurrence of 

asthma attacks, increased use of medication, and requiring additional medical treatment and 

more frequent visits to hospital emergency clinics. Because ozone pollution usually forms in hot 

weather, anyone who spends time outdoors in the summer may be affected, particularly children, 

the elderly, outdoor workers and people exercising. Children are most at risk from exposure to 

ozone because they are active outside, playing and exercising during the summertime when 

ozone levels are highest.

Ozone is one of the most pervasive and detrimental pollutants known to affect vegetation, 

causing more injury to trees and crops than any other air pollutant in the United States. Ozone 

interferes with photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert water and sunlight to food. 

Ozone makes plants more susceptible to disease, insects, other pollutants and harsh weather. It 

damages the foliage of trees and other plants, ruining the landscapes of cities, parks and forests, 

and recreation areas. Research has shown that current ozone concentrations result in reductions

of over 10 percent in wood growth in forests of the Northeast. There is strong scientific evidence 

showing that current levels of ozone are reducing crop yields, particularly in sensitive species 

such as soybean, cotton, and peanuts. Annual crop loss from ozone for soybeans alone in 

Illinois, Indiana and Ohio has been calculated to range from $199 million to $346 million. The 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated national crop yield losses due to 

ozone in excess of $1 billion annually. One of the key components of ozone, oxides of nitrogen

(NOX), contributes to fish kills and algae blooms in sensitive waterways, such as the Chesapeake 

Bay.

Ozone is not emitted directly to the atmosphere, but is formed by photochemical reactions 

between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOX in the presence of sunlight. The long, 

hot, humid days of summer are particularly conducive to ozone formation, so ozone levels are a 

concern primarily during the months of May through September. The primary sources of manmade VOCs and NOX, the ozone precursors, are the evaporation of fuels and solvents (gasoline 

and consumer products), combustion of fuels (motor vehicles, power plants and non-road 

engines), and industrial processes.

This document contains a detailed explanation of the 2011 base year emissions inventory for 

stationary, area, nonroad, and mobile anthropogenic sources as well as biogenic sources in the

areas in Pennsylvania that EPA designated as nonattainment for the 2008 National Ambient Air 

Quality Standards (NAAQS). The inventory will be included as part of Pennsylvania’s State 

Implementation Plan (SIP) to meet the requirements for the 2008 ozone NAAQS. Annual 
- 2 -

anthropogenic emissions were estimated for VOC, NOX, and carbon monoxide (CO). Typical 

ozone season day emissions were estimated for VOC, NOX, and CO.

On March 27, 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a final rule 

establishing revised primary and secondary 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality 

Standards (NAAQS) (73 FR 16436) of 75 parts per billion. The final Air Quality Designations 

for the 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards were published in the Federal 

Register on May 21, 2012 (77 FR 30088). EPA designated ozone nonattainment areas for the 

2008 ozone NAAQS including 36 areas classified across the country as “marginal” ozone 

nonattainment areas. These marginal areas include the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Lancaster, 

Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City (Pennsylvania portion), Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, and 

Reading as “marginal” nonattainment areas (77 FR 30088; May 21, 2012). This final rue was 

effective on July 20, 2012. The federal Clean Air Act (CAA), 42 U.S.C.A. § 7401 et seq. (the 

Act), requires all areas of the nation to attain and maintain compliance with the NAAQS. These 

federal standards are designed to protect the public health and welfare from six criteria 

pollutants, one of which is ozone

This base year inventory is required by Section 182(a)(1) of the CAA at § 7511a(a)(1):

(1) Inventory – Within 2 years after November 15, 1990, the State shall submit a 

comprehensive, accurate, current inventory of actual emissions from all sources, as 

described in section 7502(c)(3) of this title, in accordance with guidance provided by the 

Administrator.

Section 172(c)(3) of the CAA, the referenced section, § 7502(c)(3), reads:

(3) Inventory – Such plan provisions shall include a comprehensive, accurate, 

current inventory of actual emissions from all sources of the relevant pollutant or 

pollutants in such area, including such period revisions as the Administrator may 

determine necessary to assure that the requirements of this part are met.

EPA regulations, at 40 CFR § 51.1115 (relating to emissions inventory requirement),

require the inventory to be submitted no later than 24 months after the effective date of 

designation. 

Pennsylvania has chosen 2011 for the base year based upon EPA’s final rule entitled 

“Implementation of the 2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone: State 

Implementation Plan Requirements” (80 FR 12263, March 6, 2015).

The base year inventory must also meet the requirements for the public comment process set 

forth in Section 110(a)(2) of the CAA, 40 CFR § 51.102 and Section 7.5 of the Pennsylvania Air 

Pollution Control Act (35 P.S. Section 4007.5(b)). On September 21, 2015, the Pennsylvania 

Department of Environmental Protection (DEP or Department) provided notice of a public 

comment period and the opportunity for a hearing on the “State Implementation Plan Revision: 

2011 Base Year Inventory for the Pennsylvania Portion of Five 2008 Ozone Nonattainment 
- 3 -

Areas.” DEP received no comments or requests to attend the three hearings. All hearings were 

therefore cancelled, and public notice of the cancellations was provided.

Summary of the Base Year Emissions Inventory

1. 2011 Base Year Inventory

Effective July 20, 2012, EPA designated the following Pennsylvania counties as 

nonattainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS (77 FR 30088, May 21, 2012):

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA

 Carbon County

 Lehigh County

 Northampton County

Lancaster, PA

 Lancaster County

Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-MD-DE

 Bucks County

 Chester County

 Delaware County

 Montgomery County

 Philadelphia County

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA

 Allegheny County

 Armstrong County

 Beaver County

 Butler County

 Fayette County

 Washington County

 Westmoreland County

Reading, PA

 Berks County

Summaries of the ozone precursor emissions in tons per day (TPD) and tons per year 

(TPY) for the Pennsylvania 2008 ozone NAAQS nonattainment areas are shown in 

Tables 1a through 1e. Summaries for each source category are included throughout this 

document. Differences between the summary and the tables in the individual sections of 

this document are due to differences in rounding. The 2011 National Emission Inventory 

(NEI) version 2 data files used for this document were obtained as a download from the 

EPA Emission Inventory System (EIS) Gateway. The Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel 

Emissions (SMOKE) files from the gateway were imported into the Emissions Modeling 
- 4 -

Framework (EMF) system in order to apply the necessary data filters and summer day 

averages.

2011 Base Year SIP Emission Inventory

Table 1a: 2011 Base Year Emission Inventories Summary by Sector for the

2008 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

Source Category VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Point 3.5844 24.0763 44.5565 1,298.2944 8,882.4313 15,980.1187

Nonpoint 52.4620 4.3983 10.7226 21,874.0747 2,365.4084 17,758.0824

Nonroad 7.3491 8.4916 81.1983 2,624.7749 2,372.2160 26,305.6727

Highway 17.1800 35.5600 172.5900 6,169.9800 12,833.6100 76,800.1200

Total 80.5755 72.5262 309.0674 31,967.1240 26,453.6657 136,843.9938 

Table 1b: 2011 Base Year Emission Inventories Summary by Sector for the

2008 Lancaster Area Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

Source Category VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Point 6.0096 3.3279 4.9232 2,161.8035 1,225.2810 1,811.4742

Nonpoint 31.6881 4.1839 14.0763 13,262.0758 2,043.6030 13,992.7848

Nonroad 9.4751 8.1193 75.9137 3,854.6239 2,369.2314 26,064.9100

Highway 11.9900 24.4200 121.0300 4,233.6300 8,879.1200 52,716.3700

Total 59.1628 40.0511 215.9432 23,512.1332 14,571.2354 94,585.5390 

Table 1c: 2011 Base Year Emission Inventories Summary by Sector for the

Pennsylvania Portion of the 2008 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-MD-DE

Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

Source Category VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Point 13.8162 39.8652 35.4149 5,044.1788 14,466.8247 12605.2393

Nonpoint 144.0575 27.7843 24.6034 55,434.4159 14,394.6064 27,032.5230

Nonroad 41.8480 39.2817 510.4407 14,368.4324 11,090.2074 162,745.4696

Highway 60.5800 123.3900 631.6900 21,497.8300 43,869.0400 259,855.7300

Total 260.3017 230.3212 1,202.1490 96,344.8571 83,820.6785 462,238.9619 
- 5 -

Table 1d: 2011 Base Year Emission Inventories Summary by Sector for the

2008 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

Source Category VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Point 10.6595 160.0714 120.1636 3,900.9235 57,329.8382 43,988.6819

Nonpoint 191.5216 65.3470 85.7973 63,326.9810 27,064.6374 49,340.2937

Nonroad 24.8491 27.7845 284.5770 9,281.1724 7,908.6977 93,498.8397

Highway 43.5400 88.8500 446.6400 16,584.5300 32,360.4000 210,881.4800

Total 270.5702 342.0529 937.1779 93,093.6069 124,663.5733 397,709.2953 

Table 1e: 2011 Base Year Emission Inventories Summary by Sector for the

2008 Reading Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

Source Category VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Point 3.4007 8.6847 5.4075 1,223.7618 3,139.5588 1,946.4482

Nonpoint 32.6838 4.2975 11.0720 13,462.6586 2,055.8245 11,792.2040

Nonroad 4.5626 5.4649 46.8275 1,650.9746 1,528.6220 15,312.2966

Highway 9.8600 22.1100 98.8800 3,479.3500 8,073.1900 43,022.4700

Total 50.5071 40.5571 162.1870 19,816.7450 14,797.3983 72,073.4188 

Ozone is typically a pollutant of concern in the summertime. Ozone formation depends 

on the presence of ozone precursors as well as the amount of sunlight and other 

meteorological impacts. Because ozone varies by season and weather conditions, the 

baseline is provided both as an annual total and also as an average daily value during the 

ozone season. The ozone season is defined as May 1 through September 30.

2. Point Sources

A point source is a stationary, identifiable source of air pollution that usually emits the air 

pollutants through a stack or vent. A facility contains one or more point sources and is 

not limited to industrial facilities. Examples of an air pollution facility are steel mills, oil 

refineries, electric generating facilities, and coal preparation plants. A non-industrial 

facility may contain a large boiler or other air pollution source.

The data for the 2011 SOX, VOC, NOX, CO, lead and lead compounds, primary PM2.5, 

primary PM10, and ammonia point source emission inventory is derived from the 

Pennsylvania Air Information Management System (AIMS). The AIMS sources are 

identified and inventoried by Pennsylvania regional air quality offices through permitting 

operations and regional and central office field inspections and surveys. The AIMS 

system is designed to include all point source emission categories needed for completing 

any federally required reports, including but not limited to SIP preparation.

The AIMS database is linked to DEP’s eFACTS (Environment Facility, Application, 

Compliance Tracking System) database. This allows Department-wide sharing of data 
- 6 -

for all program areas. In addition, the public is provided better access to the information 

through DEP’s Internet website.

The point source inventories for Allegheny and Philadelphia Counties will be prepared by 

the Allegheny County Health Department and the Philadelphia Air Management Services

respectively. The two county agencies will submit their point source emission 

inventories directly to EPA’s National Emission Inventory The county agencies will also 

provide their point source data to DEP in order that effective SIP preparation may be 

undertaken.

DEP has developed instructions for companies to complete the annual inventory 

submission, also known as the Annual Emission Statement. The instructions describe the 

database fields in the AIMS/eFACTS system. The instructions are revised annually to 

reflect any new guidance for the applicable reporting year.

Information on the emission inventory reporting system, including the Instructions for 

Completing The Annual Emission Statement, can be found at:

http://files.dep.state.pa.us/Air/AirQuality/AQPortalFiles/Business%20Topics/

Emission%20Inventory/docs/2700-BK-DEP1936.pdf

Annually, facilities complete worksheets or enter data into the Air Emissions System 

(AES) for each source that operated and emitted pollutants for the year. Data required for 

processes include monthly material throughputs, days and weeks the sources operated, 

material processed, maximum throughput per hour, and correct Source Classification 

Code (SCC) number. In addition to process data required, combustion unit data must 

include fuel used, fuel characteristics such as sulfur content and British Thermal Units 

(Btu), and any laboratory results. For each source, an estimate of total emissions from 

criteria and hazardous pollutants must be supplied, including the method used for 

completing the estimate. If the company estimates emissions using anything other than 

emissions factors, it must provide the methodology. Usually that methodology involves 

material balance. The company is also required to provide site emissions, which must 

equal the total of all individual sources. For those companies submitting through AES, 

error messages are returned when emissions are significantly different from those 

expected, at which time the company will either change the entry or justify why the 

numbers are acceptable.

After the companies provide these data, inspectors or permit reviewers input and/or 

review the data in the AIMS system. For those companies submitting data on paper, the 

reviewer may receive an error message for emissions significantly different from 

previous years. At that time, the reviewer will contact the company for more information 

and either request a change submittal or enter the reason for the discrepancy.

As part of the Annual Emission Statement, point sources are required to provide 

operating data and emissions estimates to DEP annually. Section 5.3 of the Instructions 

for Completing the Annual Emission Statement instructs owners and operators of a 
- 7 -

facility to provide an estimate of emissions for each sub-facility within a facility. 

Continuous Emissions Monitors’ (CEM) data is considered the most reliable and is 

preferred by the DEP to develop an emissions estimate. While startup emissions are not 

explicitly discussed in the instructions or the Annual Emission Statement reporting forms, 

companies are told to report all emissions. Additionally, all facilities with startup 

emissions have an operating permit. The permit includes additional data collection and 

reporting requirements. Some equipment will have actual CEM data associated with its 

operation that will measure emissions for point source equipment. Emissions produced 

by some equipment will be calculated using operating data, throughputs and factors. The 

owner or operator is required to tell DEP which calculation method was used as well as 

the amount of emissions produced by the equipment.

Tables 2a through 2e, below, summarize point source emissions for the five 2008 ozone 

NAAQS nonattainment areas in Pennsylvania. More detailed information about the point 

source calculations and data is available in Appendix A – Point Sources and the 

attachments 2011OzonePoint_Final and 2011PointAnnual_Final.

Table 2a: 2011 Base Year SIP Point Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Carbon 0.5427 1.8660 24.5578 195.6113 729.9423 8,762.6631

Lehigh 2.0674 1.7237 6.6595 757.6371 627.6723 2,467.1831

Northampton 0.9742 20.4867 13.3392 345.0461 7,524.8167 4,750.2724

Total Emissions 3.5844 24.0763 44.5565 1,298.2944 8,882.4313 15,980.1187

Table 2b: 2011 Base Year SIP Point Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Lancaster Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Lancaster 6.0096 3.3279 4.9232 2,161.8035 1,225.2810 1,811.4742

Table 2c: 2011 Base Year SIP Point Source Emission Inventories for the

Pennsylvania Portion of the 2008 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City,

PA-NJ-MD-DE Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOx

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOx

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Bucks 1.4391 3.5099 1.6816 524.0020 1,270.9407 611.1234

Chester 2.1985 4.2331 4.9712 799.1257 1,529.9727 1,817.2060

Delaware 3.8463 21.1831 18.6638 1,393.1782 7,641.9772 6,444.8662

Montgomery 1.9999 3.9794 3.3699 729.4912 1,456.0920 1,229.2485

Philadelphia 4.3324 6.9597 6.7284 1,598.3817 2,567.8421 2,502.7952

Total Emissions 13.8162 39.8652 35.4149 5,044.1788 14,466.8247 12,605.2393
- 8 -

Table 2d: 2011 Base Year SIP Point Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Allegheny 4.5671 30.6712 21.9206 1,669.7652 11,123.8322 7,919.9235

Armstrong 0.6251 68.4145 14.2624 227.6070 24,395.9115 5,092.5689

Beaver 1.6351 46.2054 74.5896 600.6571 16,538.3754 27,537.0123

Butler 1.5295 2.8332 4.8958 560.6556 975.4216 1,794.8047

Fayette 0.3152 0.9680 0.4483 114.9782 344.4647 161.3691

Washington 0.3897 6.7958 2.8270 142.6282 2,439.3938 444.9362

Westmoreland 1.5977 4.1833 2.8270 584.6322 1,512.4391 1,038.0673

Total Emissions 10.6595 160.0714 120.1636 3,900.9235 57,329.8382 43,988.6819

Table 2e: 2011 Base Year SIP Point Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Reading Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Berks 3.4007 8.6847 5.4075 1,223.7618 3,139.5588 1,946.4482

3. Nonpoint Sources

Nonpoint sources are stationary air pollutant emission sources that are not inventoried at 

the facility level. While point sources are inventoried individually, nonpoint sources are 

typically inventoried at the county level. Area inventory development is described in the 

Introduction to Area Source Emission Inventory Development, Volume III: Chapter 1,

published in 2001 by the Emission Inventory Improvement Program 

(http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/iii01_apr2001.pdf). Individual 

emissions sources are grouped with other like sources into source categories. These 

source categories are grouped in such a way that they can be estimated collectively using 

one methodology. Most nonpoint source categories do not have an analogue in the point 

source inventory. Nonpoint emissions are generally estimated by multiplying an 

emission factor by some known indicator or collective activity for each nonpoint source 

category at the county level. Throughput estimates are derived from county-level activity 

data, by apportioning national or statewide activity data to counties, from census 

numbers, and from county employee numbers. Control efficiency, rule penetration and 

rule effectiveness are all taken into account. More specific information on the procedure 

used for each industry type is contained in Pennsylvania 2002 Area Source Criteria Air 

Pollutant Emission Estimation Methods (E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February 2004),

which is contained in the Technical Appendix for informational purposes only.

Tables 3a through 3e, below, summarize nonpoint source emissions for the five 2008 

ozone NAAQS nonattainment areas in Pennsylvania. More detailed information about 

the nonpoint source calculations and data is available in Appendix B – Nonpoint Sources 

and the attachments 2011OzoneNonpointPA_Final and 2011NonpointAnnual_Final.
- 9 -

Table 3a: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonpoint Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Carbon 18.5742 0.6276 4.4734 7,093.6465 302.9266 3,133.5461

Lehigh 17.8975 2.1268 3.3302 7,831.4999 1,141.1625 7,892.4848

Northampton 15.9903 1.6440 2.9189 6,948.9283 921.3193 6,732.0515

Total Emissions 52.4620 4.3983 10.7226 21,874.0747 2,365.4084 17,758.0824

Table 3b: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonpoint Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Lancaster Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Lancaster 31.6881 4.1839 14.0763 13,262.0758 2,043.6030 13,992.7848

Table 3c: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonpoint Source Emission Inventories for the

Pennsylvania Portion of the 2008 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-MD-DE

Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Bucks 32.7039 3.2037 4.8973 12,654.5789 1,777.1277 6,066.8019

Chester 28.4227 2.6233 4.8515 10,934.1763 1,445.5963 5,142.2033

Delaware 17.6733 6.3309 3.1956 6,784.8299 2875.8471 3,411.1548

Montgomery 32.2084 4.3852 6.0136 12,761.6800 2480.6733 8,545.6368

Philadelphia 33.0492 11.2412 5.6454 12,299.1508 5815.3620 3,866.7262

Total Emissions 144.0575 27.7843 24.6034 55,434.4159 14,394.6064 27,032.5230

Table 3d: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonpoint Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Allegheny 42.9087 14.8256 10.3721 17,088.4994 7,145.8163 11,642.8966

Armstrong 21.4875 9.8166 13.2642 8,043.9338 3,694.8729 5,754.6515

Beaver 16.2882 5.0596 6.0422 6,170.5766 2,077.9516 3,367.1520

Butler 26.3446 3.8922 9.6402 9,983.0774 1,635.8255 5,363.0508

Fayette 27.2265 8.3067 11.7757 10,271.9696 3,227.1075 5,945.3373

Washington 24.2702 9.5708 15.2236 9,238.3018 3,747.1048 7,522.4014

Westmoreland 32.9959 13.8755 19.4792 12,513.6999 5,535.9586 9,744.8042

Total Emissions 191.5216 65.3470 85.7973 73,310.0584 27,064.6374 49,340.2937
- 10 -

Table 3e: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonpoint Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Reading Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Berks 32.6838 4.2975 11.0720 13,462.6586 2,055.8245 11,792.2040

4. Nonroad Sources

Pennsylvania did not prepare a nonroad inventory in 2011 and instead depended on the 

EPA’s nonroad calculations. All descriptions, methodologies and estimated emissions in 

this document are from EPA.

Nonroad sources include aircraft, railroad and commercial marine vessel (CMV) sectors. 

Each source type is calculated using a unique methodology. All methodologies are 

described in the November 2013 EPA document 2011 National Emissions Inventory

(NEI), version 1 Technical Support Document found at:

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2011nei/2011_neiv1_tsd_draft.pdf

The aircraft sector includes all aircraft types used for public, private and military 

purposes. This includes four types of aircraft: (1) commercial, (2) air taxis, (3) general 

aviation, and (4) military. A critical detail about the aircraft is whether each aircraft is 

turbine or piston driven, which allows the emissions estimation model to assign the fuel 

used, namely jet fuel or aviation gas, respectively. The fraction of turbine and piston 

driven aircraft is either collected or assumed for all aircraft types. Commercial aircraft 

include those used for transporting passengers, freight or both. Commercial aircraft tend 

to be larger aircraft powered with jet engines. Air taxis carry passengers, freight or both, 

but usually are smaller aircraft and operate on a more limited basis than the commercial 

aircraft. General aviation aircraft include most other aircraft used for recreational flying 

and personal transportation. Finally, military aircraft are associated with military 

purposes, and they sometimes have activity at non-military airports.

The 2011 NEI also includes emission estimates for aircraft auxiliary power units (APU) 

and aircraft ground support equipment (GSE) typically found at airports, such as aircraft 

refueling vehicles, baggage handling vehicles and equipment, aircraft towing vehicles, 

and passenger buses. These APUs and GSE are located at the airport facilities as point 

sources along with the aircraft exhaust emissions. However, these emissions are included 

in the EIS sectors for nonroad equipment (such as gasoline, diesel, and other). EPA 

developed emissions estimates associated with aircrafts’ landing and takeoff (LTO) 

cycle. The cycle begins when the aircraft approaches the airport on its descent from 

cruising altitude, lands, taxis to the gate, and idles during passenger deplaning. It 

continues as the aircraft idles during passenger boarding, taxis back out onto the runway 

for subsequent takeoff, and ascends (climbs out) to cruising altitude. Thus, the five 

specific operating modes in an LTO are (1) approach, (2) taxi/idle-in, (3) taxi/idle-out, 

(4) takeoff, and (5) climbout. The LTO cycle provides a basis for calculating aircraft 

emissions. During each mode of operation, an aircraft engine operates at a fairly standard 
- 11 -

power setting for a given aircraft category. Emissions for one complete cycle are 

calculated using emission factors for each operating mode for each specific aircraft 

engine combined with the typical period of time the aircraft is in the operating mode.

The locomotive sector includes railroad locomotives powered by diesel-electric engines. 

A diesel-electric locomotive uses 2-stroke or 4-stroke diesel engines and an alternator or 

a generator to produce the electricity required to power its traction motors. The 

locomotive source category is further divided up into categories: Class I line haul, 

Class II/III line haul, Passenger, Commuter, and Yard. EPA’s 2011 national rail 

estimates were developed by applying growth factors to the 2008 NEI values based on 

railroad freight traffic data from the 2008 and 2011 R-1 reports submitted by all Class I 

rail lines to the Surface Transportation Board and employment statistics from the 

American Short Lines and Regional Railroad Association for Class II and III. See 

Eastern Research Group, Inc. project report Development of 2011 Railroad Component 

for National Emissions Inventory, September 5, 2012 for details. This document can be 

found at:

http://dnr.mo.gov/env/apcp/ozone/apndx-b-6.pdf

For more information on the 2008 methodology, refer to the 2008 documentation and 

background information at EPA’s Office of Transportation And Air Quality website for 

nonroad emissions (http://www.epa.gov/otaq/locomotives.htm). The emissions were 

allocated to line haul shape IDs and yard locations based on 2008 allocations.

The commercial marine vessel (CMV) sector includes boats and ships used either directly 

or indirectly in the conduct of commerce or military activity. The majority of vessels in 

this category are powered by diesel engines that are fueled with either distillate or 

residual fuel oil blends. For the purpose of this inventory, we assume that Category 3 

(C3) vessels primarily use residual blends while Category 1 and 2 (C1 and C2) vessels 

typically used distillate fuels. The C3 inventory includes vessels that use C3 engines for 

propulsion. C3 engines are defined as having displacement above 30 liters per cylinder. 

The resulting inventory includes emissions from both propulsion and auxiliary engines 

used on these vessels, as well as those on gas and steam turbine vessels. Geographically, 

the inventories include port and inter-port emissions that occur within the area that 

extends 200 nautical miles from the official U.S. baseline, which is roughly equivalent to 

the border of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. Only some of these emissions are 

allocated to states based on official state boundaries that typically extend 3 miles 

offshore. The C1 and C2 vessels tend to be smaller ships that operate closer to shore, and 

along inland and inter-coastal waterways. Naval vessels are not included in this 

inventory, though Coast Guard vessels are included as part of the C1 and C2 vessels. The 

CMV source category does not include recreational marine vessels, which are generally 

less than 100 feet in length, most being less than 30 feet, and powered by either inboard 

or outboard engines. These emissions are included in those calculated by the 

NONROAD model; they reside in the nonroad data category and EIS “Mobile Non-Road 

Equipment” sectors of the 2011 NEI. Each of the commercial marine SCCs requires an 

appropriate emissions type (M=maneuvering, H=hoteling, C=cruise, Z=reduced speed 
- 12 -

zone) because emission factors vary by emission type. Each SCC and emissions type 

combination was allocated to a shape file identifier in the nonpoint inventory. The 

default values are those assumed when the actual emission type may be unknown; for 

example, emissions that occur in shipping lanes are assumed to be “cruising” and cannot 

be “hoteling,” which only occurs at ports.

EPA estimated CMV emission estimates as a collaborative effort between the Office of 

Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) and OAQPS. EPA developed the C3 

commercial marine inventories for a base year of 2002 and then projected to 2011 by 

applying regional adjustment factors to account for growth. In addition, EPA developed 

and applied NOX adjustment factors to account for implementation of the NOX Tier 1 

standard. The C3 growth factors, NOX adjustment factors by tier and calendar year, and 

NOX adjustment factors by engine type and speed are defined in Appendix A of the EPA 

project report “Documentation for the Commercial Marine Vessel Component of the 

National Emissions Inventory Methodology,” March 30, 2010. For C1 and C2 marine 

diesel engines, the emission estimates were consistent with the 2011 Locomotive and 

Marine federal rulemaking. EPA derived hazardous air pollutant (HAP) estimates by 

applying toxic fractions to VOC or PM estimates. EPA then allocated these emissions to 

individual geographic information system GIS polygons using methods that varied by 

operating mode (namely, hoteling, maneuvering, reduced speed zone, and underway). 

The HAP emissions were estimated by applying speciation profiles to each polygon’s 

VOC and PM estimates. EPA allocated emissions estimates based on activity to GIS 

polygons representing port and waterway. GIS polygons allowed the 

estimation/allocation of emissions to defined port, waterway, and coastal areas. Detailed 

information about the reports and standards mentioned above can be found at:

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/marine.htm

Other nonroad sectors include small and large nonroad vehicles, gas and diesel-powered 

equipment and small engines. The emissions for these sectors are included in Tables 4a 

through 4e and are addressed in greater depth in Appendix C – Nonroad.

Tables 4a through 4e, below, summarize nonroad emissions for the five 2008 ozone 

NAAQS nonattainment areas in Pennsylvania. More detailed information about the 

nonroad source calculations and data is available in Appendix C – Nonroad Sources and 

the attachments 2011OzoneNonroadPA_Final and 2011NonroadPA_Final.

Table 4a: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonroad Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Carbon 1.2092 0.5794 6.8533 537.5024 186.4554 2,661.2617

Lehigh 3.6203 4.5180 46.4310 1,194.2887 1,247.6999 14,614.8129

Northampton 2.5197 3.3942 27.9140 892.9837 938.0606 9,029.5980

Total Emissions 7.3491 8.4916 81.1983 2,624.7749 2,372.2160 26,305.6727
- 13 -

Table 4b: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonroad Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Lancaster Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Lancaster 9.4751 8.1193 75.9137 3,854.6239 2,369.2314 26,064.9100

Table 4c: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonroad Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-MD-DE

Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Bucks 9.0837 7.6606 108.3284 3,205.5380 2,195.8430 34,395.2421

Chester 7.8808 8.0402 91.2893 2,646.1774 2,214.0913 28,833.2252

Delaware 5.0496 3.8635 60.9033 1,787.9662 1,123.9599 19,726.4341

Montgomery 12.6621 10.9024 157.6694 4,210.9276 3,076.2155 49,706.1548

Philadelphia 7.1718 8.8151 92.2503 2,517.8232 2,480.0977 30,084.4134

Total Emissions 41.8480 39.2817 510.4407 14,368.4324 11,090.2074 162,745.4696

Table 4d: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonroad Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Ozone Marginal Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Allegheny 11.0818 14.0995 150.0494 3780.4631 3920.9727 47,439.2469

Armstrong 1.1163 1.0249 7.2098 556.4988 324.6825 2,919.0644

Beaver 1.4161 1.4667 14.9056 619.0133 444.3476 5,327.7370

Butler 2.6465 2.7071 24.1933 1,005.7236 764.9593 8,019.1469

Fayette 0.2267 1.5438 14.0699 871.7555 450.9703 5,069.2035

Washington 1.9038 3.0690 23.0668 680.1811 8,55.8740 7,440.4472

Westmoreland 4.5865 3.8735 51.2470 1,767.5369 1,146.8913 17,283.9938

Total Emissions 24.8491 27.7845 284.7418 9,281.1724 7,908.6977 93,498.8397

Table 4e: 2011 Base Year SIP Nonroad Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Reading Ozone Marginal Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Berks 4.5626 5.4649 46.8275 1,650.9746 1,528.6220 15,312.2966

5. Onroad Sources

Onroad or highway sources are motorized vehicles that are operated on public roadways. 

This source category includes passenger cars, motorcycles, minivans, sport-utility 

vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty trucks and buses, including emissions from 

parking areas.
- 14 -

The highway mobile source emission inventory was developed using available travel data 

and EPA’s MOVES2010b emission model. The methodologies used to produce the 

emission data conform to the recommendations provided in EPA’s technical guidance

No. EPA-420-B-1--028, listed below. A mix of local data and national default (internal 

to MOVES2010b) data has been used for this SIP revision. Local data has been used for 

the primary data items that have a significant impact on emissions. The primary data 

items include:

• Vehicle miles of travel (VMT) by vehicle type.

• Average speed distribution.

• Vehicle type mixes.

• Source type population (for light-duty vehicles).

• Vehicle age distribution.

• Hourly distributions.

• Meteorology data.

• Inspection/Maintenance program.

• Fuel supply.

Most local data inputs to the analysis process reflect the latest planning assumptions 

based on 2011 data obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation’s

Bureau of Motor Vehicles, and other local and national sources. Newer data was 

available and was used for control strategies (such as Inspection/Maintenance programs), 

vehicle age distributions and fuel characteristics.

The analysis methodology is consistent with past statewide inventory efforts including 

the 2011 NEI submission. This includes the use of custom post processing software to 

calculate hourly speeds and prepare key traffic input files to the MOVES2010b emission 

model. A detailed methodology is provided in Appendix D.

Analysis Methodology

Guidance documents from EPA were used to develop the onroad emissions inventories. 

The guidance was followed in detail to obtain accurate and approvable results. The

guidance documents include:

 Policy Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 and Subsequent Minor Revisions for 

State Implementation Plan Development, Transportation Conformity, and Other 

Purposes, U.S. EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality, 

EPA-420-B-12-010, April 2012.

 Using MOVES to Prepare Emission Inventories in State Implementation Plans 

and Transportation Conformity: Technical Guidance for MOVES2010, 2010a 

and 2010b. U.S. EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality, 

EPA-420-B-12-028, April 2012.
- 15 -

 Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) – User Guide for MOVES2010b, 

U.S. EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-B-12-001b, 

June 2012.

Tables 5a through 5e, below, summarize highway source emissions for the five 2008 

ozone NAAQS nonattainment areas in Pennsylvania. More detailed information about 

the onroad source calculations and data is available in Appendix D – Onroad Sources and 

the attachments OnRoad_2011_Julwkd_summary_Baker and 

Onroad_Table_Final_Baker.

Table 5a: 2011 Base Year SIP Highway Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Carbon 1.94 4.39 21.76 706.66 1,592.35 9,454.14

Lehigh 8.24 17.13 85.53 2,938.97 6,154.43 37,317.95

Northampton 7.00 14.04 65.30 2,524.35 5,086.83 30,028.04

Total Emissions 17.18 35.56 172.59 6169.98 12,833.61 76,800.13

Table 5b: 2011 Base Year SIP Highway Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Lancaster Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Lancaster 11.99 24.42 121.03 4,233.63 8,879.12 52,716.37

Table 5c: 2011 Base Year SIP Highway Source Emission Inventories for the

Pennsylvania Portion of the 2008 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-MD-DE

Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Bucks 11.47 22.55 119.86 4,120.01 8,292.77 49,954.81

Chester 9.29 20.29 102.86 3,309.73 7,413.67 41,456.81

Delaware 8.68 17.25 88.68 3,097.85 6,222.26 37,084.67

Montgomery 14.50 28.89 159.89 5,156.21 10,458.00 64,680.67

Philadelphia 16.63 34.40 160.42 5,814.04 11,482.34 66,678.77

Total Emissions 60.58 123.39 631.69 21,497.83 43,869.04 259,855.73
- 16 -

Table 5d: 2011 Base Year SIP Highway Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Allegheny 20.40 41.15 208.35 7,755.25 14,865.96 98,535.36

Armstrong 1.61 3.33 15.76 611.63 1,223.02 7,454.79

Beaver 3.22 6.45 32.45 1,232.52 2,365.83 15,550.01

Butler 4.44 9.64 46.20 1,672.83 3,527.63 21,200.51

Fayette 2.91 5.31 27.66 1,114.77 1,950.20 13,397.21

Washington 4.02 8.71 42.75 1,540.23 3,197.99 20,163.87

Westmoreland 6.95 14.26 73.47 2,657.30 5,229.77 34,579.73

Total Emissions 43.54 88.85 446.64 16584.53 32,360.40 210,881.48

Table 5e: 2011 Base Year SIP Highway Source Emission Inventories for the

2008 Reading Marginal Ozone Nonattainment Area

County VOC

(TPD)

NOX

(TPD)

CO

(TPD)

VOC

(TPY)

NOX

(TPY)

CO

(TPY)

Berks 9.86 22.11 98.88 3,479.35 8,073.19 43,022.47

6. Quality Assurance Procedures

Several quality assurance checks were employed by DEP’s Bureau of Air Quality to 

address the data quality: reality/peer review checks, sample calculations, sensitivity 

analysis, and range checks. Robust data comparisons and range checks are built into the 

eFACTS database and were applied to point source data. Nonpoint and area source 

category data were also checked via peer review and range checks, and compared to the 

previous inventories. Point source data was compared to the previous year, and any 

difference of more than 10% was investigated and corrected if necessary. Nonpoint data 

was compared to the 2008 inventory, and similar corrections were made, if necessary.

Independent review was conducted by knowledgeable staff to ensure that data, 

assumptions, and procedures are reasonable. The objective of these checks is to ensure 

accuracy, completeness, comparability, and the representative nature of the data. 

Whether methods, assumptions, and emissions estimates were reasonable was assessed

by relying on reviewer expertise and comparing emissions estimates to other inventory 

efforts.

Sample calculations provide verification of values by replicating calculations. The 

benefit is to ensure that calculations are done correctly. Emissions calculations were 

duplicated to spot check the accuracy of the arithmetic and, therefore, the resulting 

emissions estimates. Priority was given to those categories identified as the largest 

emissions contributors. For nonroad and highway emissions estimates, sample 

calculations were not used as a quality assurance mechanism. Preparing sample 

calculations for these sectors was not possible since the emissions estimates were 

generated using EPA-approved models. Rather, these data were checked by comparing 

the results of similar modeling runs conducted by other agencies such as state air 
- 17 -

agencies, state transportation agencies, or the Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management 

Association, Inc. (MARAMA) to ensure the results included herein were reasonable.
- 18 -

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AERR Air Emissions Reporting Requirements

AES Air Emissions System

AIM Architectural and Industrial Maintenance

AIMS Air Information Management System

APU Auxiliary Power Unit

AQTAC Air Quality Technical Advisory Committee

BTU British Thermal Units

CAA Clean Air Act

CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule

CA LEV California Low Emission Vehicle (Program)

CAP Criteria Air Pollutant

CBP County Business Patterns

CE Control Efficiency

CO Carbon Monoxide

DEP Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

EDMS Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System

eFACTS Environment Facility Application Compliance Tracking System

EGAS Economic Growth Analysis System

EIA Energy Information Administration

EIIP Emission Inventory Improvement Program

EIS Emission Inventory System

EMF Emissions Modeling Framework

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ERTAC Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FIRE Factor Information Retrieval

FMVCP Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program

GSE Ground Support Equipment

ICI Industrial, Commercial and Institutional

IC Internal Combustion

I/M Inspection and Maintenance

LTO Landing and Takeoff

MECS Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey

MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard

NAICS North American Industrial Classification System

NLEV National Low Emission Vehicle (Program)

NOX Oxides of Nitrogen

NSR New Source Review

PM10 Particulate Matter Less Than 10 Microns in Diameter

PM2.5 Particulate Matter Less Than 2.5 Microns in Diameter

ppb Parts per Billion

ppm Parts per Million

RACT Reasonably Available Control Technology
- 19 -

RE Rule Effectiveness

RP Rule Penetration

SCC Source Classification Code

SEDS State Energy Data System

SIP State Implementation Plan

SMOKE Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions

SOX Oxides of Sulfur

TSD Technical Support Document

TPD Tons Per Day

VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled

VOC Volatile Organic Compound