UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 20-1597

THEODORE JUSTICE,

 Plaintiff - Appellant,

v.

NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 

SECRETARY; GRANVILLE COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS,

 Defendants - Appellees,

and

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

 Defendant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at 

Raleigh. Louise W. Flanagan, District Judge. (5:18-cv-00187-FL)

Submitted: November 12, 2021 Decided: January 5, 2022

Before AGEE and QUATTLEBAUM, Circuit Judges, and TRAXLER, Senior Circuit 

Judge.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
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Theodore Justice, Appellant Pro Se. Rajeev Kumar Premakumar, Assistant Attorney 

General, NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Raleigh, North Carolina; 

John Michael Durnovich, POYNER SPRUILL, LLP, Charlotte, North Carolina, for 

Appellees.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:

Theodore Justice appeals from the district court’s orders dismissing his complaint. 

The first order (May 22, 2020) dismissed his complaint without prejudice for failure to 

state a claim. The order provided Justice an opportunity to amend his complaint to correct 

the deficiencies noted and stated that, if Justice failed to amend his complaint within 21 

days, the complaint would be dismissed, and the case closed. After Justice failed to file an 

amended complaint, the district court entered its second order (June 18, 2020), dismissing 

the complaint and closing the case. Justice filed notices of appeal of both orders. Appellees 

have moved to dismiss the appeal from the May 22 order as interlocutory. 

A district court has the authority to dismiss an action for a party’s failure to comply 

with its orders, and we review a court’s decision to dismiss for failure to comply for an 

abuse of discretion. Ballard v. Carlson, 882 F.2d 93, 95 (4th Cir. 1989). Here, the district 

court gave Justice detailed instructions on what to include in an amended complaint and 

warned that failure to comply would result in dismissal. Thus, when Justice failed to 

provide the information requested or respond in any way, the district court did not abuse 

its discretion in dismissing the case. See id. at 95-96 (noting that dismissal was appropriate 

sanction where litigant disregarded court order despite warning that failure to comply with 

order would result in dismissal). 

On appeal, Justice asserts that he chose to stand on his complaint, as he believed it 

properly stated a claim. However, Justice cannot choose whether or not to comply with a 

court order, and even on appeal, he provides no reason as to why he was not able to comply. 

In fact, he simply states that he chose to file a notice of appeal rather than amending his 
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complaint. The district court requested factual background that would presumably be 

known by Justice, and the record does not reflect an excuse or reason for his failure to 

comply.

*

 Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s June 18 order.

With regard to the district court’s May 22 order, an appeal from a final order 

generally brings before this court all previous rulings and orders. See Beadle v. City of 

Omaha, 983 F.3d 1073, 1075-76 (8th Cir. 2020). As Justice has timely appealed the final 

judgment in this case, any errors in the court’s May 22 order are reviewable on appeal. 

Accordingly, we deny Appellees’ motion to dismiss the appeal.

Justice argues generally that his complaint was adequate and that the court should 

not have requested additional factual support. However, even if the district court’s ruling 

was error, the court subsequently dismissed the case for failure to comply with a court 

order, rendering any error irrelevant. Even if Justice asserted that he had no further facts 

to plead and instead wished to stand on his complaint as submitted, Justice must present 

the issue to the district court. Because Justice attempts to present his assertions that he was 

unable or unwilling to file an amended complaint to this court in the first instance, the issue 

of whether the complaint was adequate to withstand a motion to dismiss is not properly 

before this court.

* Despite Justice’s contentions that filing a notice of appeal rather than amending 

his complaint was appropriate even in the face of a specific court order requiring 

amendment, we have ruled that “it is the province of the district court—not of the party 

seeking an appeal—to indicate that an order is final and appealable.” Goode v. Cent. Va. 

Legal Aid Soc’y, 807 F.3d 619, 623 (4th Cir. 2015) (noting that appealing party’s decision 

not to amend and instead to stand on complaint only renders order appealable in unique 

circumstance).
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Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s orders, deny Appellees’ motion to 

dismiss, and deny Justice’s motion for appointment of counsel. We dispense with oral 

argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials 

before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

AFFIRMED