s 

333.91 

M26PRAR 

2004 



2004 ANNUAL REPORT 

to the 

GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA, UNITED STATES, 

SASKATCHEWAN AND MONTANA 



by the 



POPLAR RIVER 

BILATERAL MONITORING 

COMMIHEE 



COVERING CALENDAR YEAR 2004 




STATE BMUMOffS COLLECTION 

uoy 2 1 2005 ^«^ 

•«»^ANA STATE UBRARY 



October 2005 



Moniana Stale Library 

^jmiiii 

3 0864 1003 5676 8 



2004 ANNUAL REPORT 



to the 



GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA, UNITED STATES, 
SASKATCHEWAN, AND MONTANA 



by the 



POPLAR RIVER BILATERAL MONITORING COMMITTEE 
COVERING CALENDAR YEAR 2004 



October 2005 



Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee 



Department of State 
Washington, D.C., United States 



Governor's OflBce 
State of Montana 
Helena, Montana, United States 

Ladies and Gentlemen: 



Department of Foreign Affairs 
and International Trade Canada 
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 

Saskatchewan Environment 
R^ina, Saskatchewan, Canada 



Herein is the 24th Armual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. This rq)ort discusses the 
Committee activities of 2004 and presents the Technical Monitoring Schedules for the year 2005. 

During 2004, the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee continued to fiilfill the responsibilities assigned by 
the governments under the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Agreement dated September 23, 1980. Through 
exchange of Diplomatic Notes in March 1987, July 1992, July 1997, and March 2002, the Arrangement was 
extended. The Monitoring Committee is currently extended to March 2007. 

The enclosed report summarizes current water-quality conditions and compares them to guidelines for specific 
parameter values that were developed by the International Joint Commission under the 1977 Reference fi-om 
Canada and the United States. After evaluation of the monitoring information for 2004, the Committee finds that 
the measured conditions meet the recommended objectives. 

Based on IJC recommendations, the United States was entitled to an on-demand release of 617 dam' (500 acre-feet) 
fi-om Cookson Reservoir in 2004. A volume of 728 dam' (590 aae-feet) was delivered to the United States during 
this period. In addition, daily flows in 2004 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the IJC except 
for January 27 to March 25, when daily flows fell below the recommended minimum due to ice conditions in the 
charmel. 

During 2004, monitoring continued in accordance with Technical Monitoring Schedules outlined in the 2003 
Annual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. One significant change that occurred in 2004 
was the suspension of surface-water-quality sample collection at the East Poplar River boimdary station by 
Environment Canada. 

Yours sincerely, 



jlL*--l~<.>sJ'^cy{f-'^ . 





rstiiits 

United States Section 



Chuck Bosgoed /^ 



: Bosgoed 
Member, Canadian Section 



r TABLE OF CONTENTS 

j Highlights for 2004 iii 

1.0 Introduction 1 

2.0 Committee Activities 2 

2.1 Membership 2 

2.2 Meetings 2 

2.3 Review of Water-Quality Objectives 3 

2.4 Data Exchange 4 

3.0 Water and Air: Monitoring and Interpretations 6 

3.1 Poplar River Power Station Operation 6 

3.2 Surface Water 6 

3.2.1 Streamflow 6 

3.2.2 Apportionment 7 

3.2.3 Minimum Flows 7 

3.2.4 On-Demand Release 8 

3.2.5 Surface- Water Quality 9 

3.2.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 10 

3.2.5.2 Boron 14 

3.2.5.3 Other Water-Quality Objectives 17 

3.3 Groundwater 19 

3.3.1 Operations 19 

i 3.3.2 Ground- Water Monitoring 21 

* 3.3.2.1 Saskatchewan 22 

3.3.2.2 Montana 24 

3.3.3 Ground- Water Quality 26 

I 3.3.3.1 Saskatchewan 26 

3.3.3.2 Montana 30 

3.4 Cookson Reservoir 31 

3.4.1 Storage 31 

I 3.4.2 Water Quality 32 

I 3.5 Air Quality 33 

I 3.6 Quality Control 33 

3.6.1 Streamflow 33 

I 3.6.2 Water Quality 33 

\ ANNEXES 

t 1.0 Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement, Canada-United States A 1 

I 2.0 Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement, Technical 

I Monitoring Schedules, 2005, Canada-United States A2 

J 3.0 Recommended Flow Apportionment in the Poplar River Basin A3 

' 4.0 Conversion Factors A4 



TABLES 

Table 2.1 Water-Quality Objectives 5 

Table 3.1 Recommended Water-Quality Objectives and Excursions, 2004 Sampling 

Program, East Poplar River at International Boundary 18 

Table 3 . 2 Geologic Formation Name Equivalence between Saskatchewan and Montana .... 2 1 

Table 3.3 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Supplementary 

Water Supply Project Wells 26 

Table 3.4 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Salinity Control Project 

Wells Sampled at the Discharge Pipe 27 

Table 3.5 Cookson Reservoir Storage Statistics for 2004 31 

FIGURES 



Figure 3. 1 Discharge during 2004 as Compared with the Median Discharge from 

1931-2000 for the Poplar River at International Boundary 6 

Figure 3 . 2 Flow Hydrograph of the East Poplar River at International Boundary 8 

Figure 3.3 Cumulative Volume Hydrograph of On-Demand Release 9 

Figure 3.4 Monthly Mean TDS Concentration for 2004 Derived from Water-Quality 

Samples or Average Mid-month Monthly Conductance Data Collected by 

Specific-Conductance Monitor at East Poplar River at International Boundary ... 12 
Figure 3.5 Three-Month Moving Flow- Weighted Average TDS Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boundary 12 

Figure 3.6 Five- Year Moving Flow- Weighted Average TDS Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boimdary 13 

Figure 3 . 7 Daily TDS Concentration, 1 990 to 2004, East Poplar River at International 

Boundary , 13 

Figure 3.8 Monthly Mean Boron Concentration for 2004 Derived from Water-Quality 

Samples or Average Mid-Month Monthly Conductance Data Collected by 

Specific-Conductance Monitor at East Poplar River at International 

Boundary 15 

Figure 3.9 Three-Month Moving Flow- Weighted Average Boron Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boimdary 15 

Figure 3.10 Five- Year Moving Flow- Weighted Average Boron Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boimdary 16 

Figure 3.11 Daily Boron Concentration, 1 990 to 2004, East Poplar River at 

International Boundary 16 

Figure 3.12 Supplementary Water Supply 19 

Figure 3.13 Pumpage from Salinity Control Project 21 

Figure 3.14 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 

Ground Water Monitoring Network 23 

Figure 3.15 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 

Ground Water Monitoring Network 23 

Figure 3.16 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Fort Union and Hart Coal Aquifers 24 

Figure 3.17 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Alluvium and Fox Hills/Hell Creek Aquifers 25 

Figure 3.18 Total Dissolved Solids in Samples from Montana Wells 30 

Figure 3.19 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Levels for 2004 and Median 

Daily Water Levels, 1994-2003 32 



HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2004 

The Poplar River Power Station completed its twenty-first full year of operation in 2004. The two 
300-megawatt coal-fired units generated 4,557,536 gross megawatt hours (MWh) of electricity. 
The average capacity factors for Units No. 1 and 2 were 84.4 percent and 85.9 percent, 
respectively. The capacity factors are based on the maximum generating rating of 305 MWh for 
both Unit No.l and Unit No. 2. Similar to other years, scheduled maintenance was completed in 
the spring and fall of 2004. 

Monitoring information collected in both Canada and the United States during 2004 was exchanged 
in the spring of 2005. One significant change that occurred in 2004 was the suspension of surface- 
water-quality sample collection at the East Poplar River boundary station by Environment Canada. 

The recorded volimie of the Poplar River at International Boundary from March 1 to May 31, 2004 
was 8,410 dam^ (6,820 acre-feet). Based on International Joint Commission (IJC) recom- 
mendations and the assumption that the recorded flow is the natural flow, the United States was 
entitled to a minimimi discharge on the East Poplar River of 0.057 cubic metres per second (m^/s) 
(2.0 cubic feet per second (ftVs)) for the period June 1, 2004 to August 31, 2004 and 0.028 mVs 
(1.0 ft^/s) for the period September 1, 2004 to May 31, 2005. The minimum flow of 0.057 mVs 
(2.0 ftVs) for the period January 1 to May 31, 2004 had previously been determined on the basis of 
the Poplar River flow volume for March 1 to May 31, 2003. Daily flows in 2004 met or exceeded 
the minimum flow recommended by the IJC except for January 27 to March 25, when daily flows 
were below the recommended minimum due to ice conditions in the channel. 

In addition to the minimum flow, the IJC apportionment recommendation entitles the United States 
to an on-demand release to be delivered on the East Poplar River during the twelve-month period 
commencing Jime 1. Based on the runoff volume of 10,050 dam^ (8,150 acre-feet) recorded at the 
Poplar River at International Boundary gauging station for March 1 through May 31, 2003, the 
United States was entitled to an additional release of 617 dam^ (500 acre-feet) from Cookson 
Reservoir during the succeeding twelve-month period commencing June 1, 2003. Montana 
requested this release to be made between May 1 and May 31, 2004. A volume of 728 dam^ (590 
acre-feet), in addition to the minimum flow, was delivered during this period. 

The 2004 five-year TDS flow- weighted concentrations were below the long-term objective of 
1,000 milligrams per litre (mg/L). The maximum monthly value calculated in 2004 was about 935 
mg/L, which was slightly higher than the 2003 maximum monthly value of 887 mg/L, but lower 
than the maximum value of 943 mg/L reported in 2002. Boron concentrations for 2004, though 
based upon a limited number of water-quality samples, continued to remain well below the long- 
term objective of 2.5 mg/L. 



1.0 INTRODUCTION 

The Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee was authorized for an initial period of five years by 
the Governments of Canada and the United States imder the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring 
Arrangement dated September 23, 1980. A copy of the Arrangement is attached to this report as Annex 
1. Through exchange of Diplomatic Notes, the Arrangement was extended in March 1987, July 1992, 
July 1997, and March 2002. The current extension expires in March 2007. A more detailed account of 
the historical background of the Monitoring Arrangement is contained in the 1990 Aimual Report of the 
Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. 

The Committee oversees monitoring programs designed to evaluate the potential for transboundary 
impacts from SaskPower's (formerly Saskatchewan Power Corporation) coal-fired thermal generating 
station and ancillary operations near Coronach, Saskatchewan. Monitoring is conducted in Canada and 
the United States at or near the International Boundary for quantity and quality of surface and ground 
water and for air quality. Participants fi'om both countries, including Federal, State and Provincial 
agencies, are involved in monitoring. 

The Committee submits an annual report to Governments which summarizes the monitoring results, 
evaluates apparent trends, and compares the data to objectives or standards recommended by the 
International Joint Commission (IJC) to Governments, or relevant State, Provincial, or Federal 
standards. The Committee reports to Governments on a calendar year basis. The Committee is also 
responsible for drawing to the attention of Govermnents definitive changes in monitored parameters 
which may require immediate attention. 

A responsibility of the Committee is to review the adequacy of the monitoring programs in both 
countries and make recommendations to Governments on the Technical Monitoring Schedules. The 
Schedules are updated annually for new and discontinued programs and for modifications in sampling 
frequencies, parameter lists, and analytical techniques of ongoing programs. The Technical Monitoring 
Schedules listed in the armual report (Aimex 2) are given for the year 2005. The Conmiittee will 
continue to review and propose changes to the Technical Monitoring Schedules as information 
requirements change. 



2.0 COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES 

2.1 Membership 

The Committee is composed of representatives of the Govermnents of the United States of America and 
Canada, the State Government of Montana, and the Provincial Government of Saskatchewan. In 
addition to the representatives of Governments, two ex-officio members serve as local representatives 
for the State of Montana and Province of Saskatchewan. 

During 2004, the members of the Committee included: Mr. R. Davis, U.S. Geological Survey, United 
States representative and Cochair; Mr. R. Kellow, Environment Canada, Canadian representative and 
Cochair; Mr. J. Stults, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Montana 
representative; Mr. C. Bosgoed, Saskatchewan Environment, Saskatchewan representative; Mr. C.W. 
Tande, Daniels Coimty Commissioner, Montana local ex-officio representative; and Mr. D. Kirby, 
Reeve, R.M. of Hart Butte, Saskatchewan local ex-officio representative. 

2.2 Meetings 

The Committee met on June 16, 2004, in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Delegated representatives of 
Governments, with the exception of the ex-officio member from Montana, attended the meeting. In 
addition to Committee members, several technical advisors representing Federal, State, and Provincial 
agencies participated in the meeting. During the meeting, the Committee reviewed the operational status 
of the Poplar River Power Station and associated coal-mining activities; examined data collected in 2003 
including surface-water quality and quantity, ground-water quality and quantity, and air quality; 
discussed proposed changes in the water-quality sampling program, and established the Technical 
Monitoring Schedules for the year 2005. 

One significant change in 2004 was the suspension of surface-water-quality sample collection at the East 
Poplar River station by Environment Canada. 



2.3 Review of Water-Quality Objectives 

The International Joint Commission in its Report to Governments, titled "Water Quality in the Poplar 
River Basin," recommended that the Committee periodically review the water-quality objectives within 
the overall Basin context and recommend new and revised objectives as appropriate. In 1991, an action 
item from the annual Committee meeting set in motion the review and revision of the water-quality 
objectives. 

In 1993, the Committee approved changes in water-quality objectives recommended by the 
subcommittee that was formed in 1992 to review the objectives. The Committee also discussed the 
water-quality objectives for 5-year and 3-month flow-weighted concentrations for total dissolved solids 
and boron. Although the Committee agreed that calculation procedures to determine flow-weighted 
concentrations are time consuming and probably scientifically questionable, no consensus was reached 
on alternative objectives or procedures. 

In 1997, the Committee agreed to suspend the monitoring and reporting of several parameters. The 
parameters affected were: dissolved aluminum, un-ionized ammonia, total chromium, dissolved copper, 
mercury in fish tissues, fecal coliform, and total coliform. The Committee also agreed to otiier minor 
revisions for clarification purposes. For example, changing the designation for pH from "natural" to 
"ambient." 

In 1999, the Committee replaced the term "discontinued" with "suspended" in Table 2.1. 

In 2001, the Committee suspended the monitoring of dissolved mercury and total copper. This decision 
to suspend these parameters was based on data indicating concentrations or levels well below or within 
the objectives. Current objectives approved by the Committee are listed in Table 2. 1. 

The Committee also agreed to periodically review all suspended parameters. 

Another responsibility of the Committee has included an ongoing exchange of data acquired through the 
monitoring programs. Exchanged data and reports are available for public viewing at the agencies of the 
participating governments or from Committee members. 



2.4 Data Exchange 

The Committee is responsible for assuring exchange of data between governments. The exchange of 
monitoring information was initiated in the first quarter of 1981 and was an expansion of the informal 
quarteriy exchange program initiated between the United States and Canada in 1976. Until 1991, data 
were exchanged on a quarterly basis. At the request of the Committee, the United States and Canada 
agreed to replace the quarterly exchange of data with an axmual exchange effective at the beginning of 
the 1992 calendar year. Henceforth, data will be exchanged once each year as soon after the end of the 
calendar year as possible. However, unusual conditions or anomalous data will be reported and 
exchanged whenever warranted. No unusual conditions occurred during 2004 which warranted special 
reporting. 



Table 2.1 Water-Quality Objectives 



Parameter 


Original 
Objective 


Recommendation 


Current 
Objective 


Boron, total 


3.5/2.5' 


Continue as is 


3.5/2.5' 


TDS 


1,500/1,000' 


Continue as is 


1,500/1,000' 


Aluminum, dissolved 


0.1 


Suspend* 





Ammonia, un-ionized 


0.02 


Suspend* 


— 


Cadmium, total 


0.0012 


Continue as is 


0.0012 


Chromium, total 


0.05 


Suspend* 


... 


Copper, dissolved 


0.005 


Suspend* 


— 


Copper, total 


1 


Suspend* 


— 


Fluoride, dissolved 


1.5 


Continue as is 


1.5 


Lead, total 


0.03 


Continue as is 


0.03 


Mercury, dissolved 


0.0002 


Suspend* 


... 


Mercury, fish (mg/kg) 


0.5 


Suspend* 


— 


Nitrate 


10 


Continue as is 


10 


Oxygen, dissolved 


4.0/5.0^ 


Objective applies only during 
open water 


4.0/5.0^ 


SAR (units) 


10 


Continue as is 


10 


Sulfate, dissolved 


800 


Continue as is 


800 


Zinc, total 


0.03 


Continue as is 


0.03 


Water temperature (C) 


30.0^ 


Continue as is 


30.0^ 


pH (units) 


6.5* 


Continue as is 


6.5* 


Coliform(no./100mL) 








Fecal 


2,000 


Suspend* 


... 


Total 


20,000 


Suspend* 


— 


Units in mg/L except as noted. 

'Five-year average of flow-weighted concentrations (March to October) should be <2.5 boron, <1,000 TDS. 

Three-month average of flow-weighted concentration should be <3.5 boron and <1 ,500 TDS. 
^5.0 (minimum April 10 to May 15), 4.0 (minimum remainder of year - Fish Spawning). 
^Natural temperature (April 10 to May 15), <30 degrees Celsius (remainder of year) 
""Less than 0.5 pH units above ambient, minimum pH=6.5. 



♦Suspended after review of historic data found sample concentrations consistently below the objective. The Committee will periodically 
review the status of suspended objectives. 



3.0 WATER AND AIR: MONITORING AND INTERPRETATIONS 

3.1 Poplar River Power Station Operation 

In 2004, the two 300-megawatt coal-fired units generated 4,557,536 gross megawatt hours (MWh) of 
electricity. The average capacity factors for Unit No. 1 and 2 were 84.4 percent and 85.9 percent, 
respectively. The capacity factors are based on the maximum generating rating of 305 MWh for both 
Unit No. 1 and Unit No. 2. Similar to other years, scheduled maintenance was completed in the spring 
and fall of 2004. 

3.2 Surface Water 

3.2.1 Streamflow 

Streamflow in the Poplar River basin was above normal in 2004. The March to October recorded flow of 
the Poplar River at International Boundary, an indicator of natural flow in the basin, was 13,490 cubic 
decametres (dam^) (10,940 acre-feet), which was 131 percent of the 1931-2000 median seasonal flow of 
10,290 dam^ (8,340 acre-feet). A comparison of 2004 monthly mean discharge with the 1931-2000 
median monthly mean discharge is shown in Figure 3.1. 



Median of Monthly Mean Discharge for 1931-2000 
' Monthly Mean Discharge for 2004 




Apr 



May 



Aug 



Sep 



Figure 3.1 Discharge during 2004 as Compared with the Median Discharge from 
1931-2000 for the Poplar River at International Boundary. 



The 2004 recorded flow volume of the East Poplar River at International Boundary was 3,040 dam'' 
(2,460 acre-feet). This volume is 103 percent of the median annual flow of 2,940 dam^ (2,380 acre-feet) 
for 1976-2003 (since the completion of Morrison Dam). 

3.2.2 Apportionment 

In 1976 the International Souris-Red Rivers Engineering Board, through its Poplar River Task Force, 
completed an investigation and made a recommendation to the Governments of Canada and the United 
States regarding the apportionment of waters of the Poplar River basin. Although the recommendation 
has not been officially adopted, the Province of Saskatchewan has adhered to the apportion- 
ment recommendation. Annex 3 contains the apportionment recommendation. 

3.2.3 Minimum Flows 

The recorded volume of the Poplar River at International Boundary from March 1 to May 31, 2004 was 
8,410 dam (6,820 acre-feet). Based on UC recommendations and the assumption that the recorded flow 
is the natural flow, the United States was entitled to a minimum discharge on the East Poplar River of 
0.057 cubic metres per second (m^/s) (2.0 cubic feet per second (ftVs)) for the period Jvme 1, 2004 to 
August 31, 2004 and 0.028 m^/s (1.0 ftVs) for the period September 1, 2004 to May 31, 2005. The 
minimum flow for the period January 1 to May 31, 2004 was 0.057 m^/s (2.0 ft^/s), determined on the 
basis of the Poplar River flow volume for March 1 to May 31, 2003. A hydrograph for the East Poplar 
River at International Boundary and the minimum flow as recommended by the UC are shown in Figure 
3.2. 

Daily flows during 2004 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the UC throughout the 
year except for January 27 to March 25, when daily flows were below the recommended minimum due 
to ice conditions in the channel. No flow was observed at the international boundary during most of this 
period even though the recommended minimum flow was being released from Cookson Reservoir. 



1 

0.1 


v^--^. 


iL 


v4 


1 




^ 






0.01 


1 




Apportionment recommendation for minimum flow 



3.5 M 



0.35 5 






Figure 3.2 Flow Hydrograph of the East Poplar River at International Boundary. 



3.2.4 On-Demand Release 



In addition to the minimum flow, the IJC apportionment recommendation entitles Montana to an on- 
demand release to be delivered in the East Poplar River during the 12 -month period commencing June 1. 
Based on the runoff volume of 10,050 dam^ (8,150 acre-feet) recorded at the Poplar River at 
International Boundary gauging station during the March 1 to May 31, 2003 period, Montana was 
entitled to an additional release of 617 dam^ (500 acre-feet) from Cookson Reservoir during the 
succeeding 12-month period commencing June 1, 2003. Montana requested this release to be made 
between May 1 and May 31, 2004. A volume of 728 dam^ (590 acre-feet), in addition to the minimum 
flow, was delivered during this period. A hydrograph showing cumulative volume of the on-demand 
release request and on-demand release delivery made at the East Poplar River at International Boundary 
is shown in Figure 3.3 




Figure 3.3 Cumulative Volume Hydrograph of On-Demand Release. 

3.2.5 Surface- Water Quality 

The 1981 report by the IJC to Governments recommended: 

For the March to October period, the maximum flow-weighted concentrations should not exceed 3.5 
milligrams per litre (mg/L) for boron and 1500 mg/Lfor TDSfor any three consecutive months in the 
East Poplar River at the International Boundary. For the March to October period, the long-term 
average of flow-weighted concentrations should be 2.5 mg/L or less for boron, and 1000 mg/L or less 
for TDS in the East Poplar River at the International Boundary. 



For the period prior to 1982, the 3-month moving flov^- weighted concentration (FWC) for boron and 
total dissolved solids (TDS) was calculated solely from monthly water-quality monitoring results. Since 
the beginning of 1982, the USGS has monitored specific conductance daily in the East Poplar River at 
International Boundary, making it possible to derive boron and TDS concentration using a linear 
regression relationship v^th specific conductance. 



In 2003, the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee decided to suspend much of the water-quality 
sampling program until it is warranted again. The Committee has agreed to use the daily conductance 
data collected by the specific-conductance monitor as a surrogate for the monthly water-quality 
sampling program. Therefore, only four water-quality samples were collected for TDS and boron by the 
uses in 2004. Hence, the 3-month FWC for TDS and boron in 2004 were calculated using the two 
established equations (shown later in text) and the daily conductance data collected by the specific- 
conductance monitor installed at the East Poplar River at International Boundary gauging station. 

The Bilateral Monitoring Conmiittee adopted the approach that, for the purpose of comparison with the 
proposed IJC long-term objectives, the TDS and boron data are best plotted as a 5-year moving FWC 
which is advanced 1 month at a time. 

Prior to 1988, long-term averages were calculated for a 5-year period in which 2.5 years preceded and 
2.5 years followed each plotted point. Beginning in 1988, the FWC was calculated from the 5-year 
period preceding each plotted point. For example, the FWC for December 2004 is calculated from data 
generated over the period December 1999 to December 2004. The calculations are based on the results 
of samples collected throughout the year, and are not restricted to only those collected during the months 
bracketing the period of irrigation (March to October) each year. 

3.2.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 

TDS is inversely related to streamflow at the East Poplar River at International Boundary station. During 
periods of high runoff such as spring freshet, TDS decreases as the proportion of streamflow derived 
from ground water decreases. Conversely, during times of low streamflow (late summer, winter) the 
contribution of ground water to streamflow is proportionally greater. Because the ground water has a 
higher ionic strength than the surface water entering the river, the TDS of the stream increases markedly 
during low-flow conditions. 



TDS concentrations derived from the specific- conductance monitor readings are shown in Figure 3.4. 
The TDS concentrations ranged from 730 mg/L on March 15 to 1,060 mg/L on May 25. The proposed 
short-term objective for TDS is 1,500 mg/L. 

10 



The 3-month moving FWC for TDS for the period of record is presented in Figure 3.5. The TDS 
objectives have not been exceeded during the period of record. On inspection of the plot in Figure 3.5, it 
is apparent that the 3 -month moving FWC increased gradually, year by year, up imtil the spring runoff 
of 1997, when an exceptionally heavy snowmelt contributed sufficient water of low ionic strength to the 
river and the reservoir to dilute the accumulated salts built up in the system. Dissolved-solids 
concentrations were slightly higher in 2004 relative to those recorded in 2003. In general, low spring 
runoff and higher contribution from ground water have kept the TDS concentrations close to the long- 
term objective of 1,000 mg/L. 

The 5-year moving FWC for TDS (Figure 3.6) did not exceed the long-term objective of 1,000 mg/L in 
2004. The maximum monthly FWC in 2004 was about 935 mg/L, which is slightly higher than the 2003 
maximum monthly value of 887 mg/L, but lower than the maximum value of 943 mg/L reported in 
2002. 

The daily TDS values, as generated by linear regression from the daily specific-conductance readings, 
for the period January 1990 through December 2004 are shown in Figure 3.7. The data show an abrupt 
drop in TDS corresponding to the snowmelt runoff occurring during the spring of each year. 

The relationship between TDS and specific conductance based upon data collected from 1974 to 2003 is 
as follows: 



TDS = (0.62461 x specifle conductance) + 35.184 
(R^ = 0.84, n = 617) 



Note: The above equation was used to derive the missing TDS water-quality sample data for 2004. 
These derived data are used in the current annual water-quality report. 



11 



Figure 3.4: Monthly Mean TDS Concentration for 2004 
Derived from Water-Quality Samples or Average Mid-Montli Montlily Conductance Data 
Collected by Specific-Conductance Monitor at East Poplar River at International Boundary 
1200 



1000 



800 



600 



200 



u 947 ♦ 957 



♦ 1060 



♦ 1020 



» 9 8 7 ♦ 99 



♦ 945 



♦ 977 



♦1Q2 2 O1000 



♦ 872 



♦ 730 



Water-quality samples were obtained in May, June, July, and September. 



Figure 3.5: Three-Month Moving Flow-Weighted Average TDS Concentration 
for East Poplar River at International Boundary 





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Figure 3.6: Five-Year Moving Flow-Weighted Average TDS Concentration 
for East Poplar River at Internationa! Boundary 














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rin<oh-ooo)Oi-<Nco'*intor-«eoo)0'-(NCTTtmioNooo>Oi-CMn'*m 
^r^r^h«r^Ncocooooooooooooooocoo>050>a>a>05a5a50)0>oooooo 

ICCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 
f(fl(0(0(Q(QcdcQ(dcOcQ(OcO(0(OnJ(Q(i3CO(tf(0(Q(Q(QcOcflc3(0(0(Q(Q(0 
■}-}-3->-}-)-i-}-3-3-}-}-}-}-3-}-i->-3-3-}-}-3-}->-3-3->-}-)-}-> 



Figure 3.7: Daily TDS Concentration, 1990 to 2004, 
East Poplar River at International Boundary (regression-derived data) 



1200 




° 600 



200 



13 



3.2.5.2 Boron 

Similar to TDS, four water-quality samples were collected by the USGS for boron in 2004. The boron 
analysis is based on the daily specific-conductance data collected by the specific-conductance monitor 
and making use of the boron equation that was developed from water-quality samples collected from 
1974-2002. Figure 3.8 shows that during 2004, boron concentrations in the East Poplar River at 
International Boundary varied from 1.39 mg/L on March 15 to 2.04 mg/L on November 15. 

The 3-month moving FWC for boron for the period of record is shown in Figure 3.9. The short-term 
objective of 3.5 mg/L has not been exceeded over the period 1975 to 2004. It can be seen that the data 
derived from water-quality samples and that derived from regression with specific conductance are 
similar, with the highs and lows in some degree of correspondence. This suggest that the regression 
generation of boron and TDS values is, in general terms, a valid procedure despite problems which arise 
from attempting to generate representative concentration and flow data for an entire month, based on a 
limited number of samples. 

The 5-year moving FWC for boron displayed in Figure 3.10 remained well below the long-term 
objective of 2.5 mg/L. 

Boron concentrations are not as well-correlated with specific conductance as TDS. Boron is a relatively 
minor ion, and does not in itself contribute to a large degree to the total load of dissolved constituents in 
the water. Accordingly, it appears likely that the standard deviation of dissolved boron (relative to the 
long-term mean boron concentration) may be greater than that of the major cations (sodium, potassium, 
and magnesium) and anions (sulphate, bicarbonate, and chloride) around their respective long-term 
mean concentrations. Daily boron concentrations for the period December 1990 to December 2004 are 
shown in Figures 3.11. 

The relationship between boron and specific conductance applied to data collected from 1974 to 2002 is 
as follows: 

Boron = (0.00129 x specific conductance) - 0.04709 
(R^ = 0.57, n = 617) 



14 



Figure 3.8: Monthly Mean Boron Concentration for 2004 
Derived from Water-Quality Samples or Average Mid-Month Monthly Conductance Data 
Collected by Specific-Conductance Monitor at East Poplar River at International Boundary 



2.20 



2.00 





1.80 


rS, 




f- 








c 


1.60 










cu 




"S 


1.40 


n 








U) 




Q 


1.20 



<M.84 ♦I- 



♦ 2.00 



♦ 2.04 



♦ 1.91 ♦1.92 ^1.94 



i> 1.93 



♦ 1.74 



♦ 1.70 



♦ 1.3 9 



Water-quality samples were obtained in May, June, July, and September 



Figure 3.9: Three-Month Moving Flow-Weighted Average Boron Concentration 
for East Poplar River at International Boundary 







— 








— 










— 


— 




— 


St 


ort- 


erm 


Ob 


ecti 


/e 


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• 




























- - • - - Regression derived data 






1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 



3.5 



0.5 



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oooooboboooococoa>o)c>o0>o)a)cno>d) 



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(0 (0 CO n] CO CO (Q 



(0 (0 CO CO CO 



15 





Figure 3.10: Five-Year Moving Flow-Weighted Average Boron Concentration 
for East Poplar River at International Boundary 




2.5 

i ^ 

E. 
c 
2 
S 1-5 

> 
o 

D 1 
0.5 



h 

c 


















I 


ong 


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bjeqtive 






































































































































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Jan-75 
Jan-78 
Jan-77 
Jan-78 
Jan-79 
Jan-80 
Jan-81 
Jan-82 
Jan-83 
Jan-84 
Jan-85 
Jan-86 
Jan-87 
Jan-88 
Jan-89 
Jan-90 
Jan-91 
Jan-92 
Jan-93 
Jan-94 
Jan-95 
Jan-96 
Jan-97 
Jan-98 
Jan-99 
Jan-00 
Jan-01 
Jan-02 
Jan-03 
Jan-04 
Jan-05 



3.00 



2.00 



1.00 



0.00 



Figure 3.1 1 : Daily Boron Concentration, 1990 to 2004, 
East Poplar River at International Boundary (regression-derived data) 




16 



3.2.5.3 Other Water-Quality Objectives 

Table 3.1 contains the multipurpose water-quality objectives for the East Poplar River at International 
Boundary, recommended by the International Poplar River Water Quality Board to the IJC. The table 
shows the number of samples collected for each parameter and the number of times over the course of 
the year that the objectives were exceeded. As the table shows, all parameters were within the 
appropriate objectives. 



! ^ 17 



Table 3.1 Recommended Water-Quality Objectives and Excursions, 2004 Sampling Program, 
East Poplar River at International Boundary (units in mg/L, except as otherwise noted) 


Parameter 


Objective 


No. of Samples 


Excursions 


USA 


Canada 


Objectives recommended by IJC to Governments i 


Boron, dissolved 


3.5/2.5^ 


4 








Total Dissolved Solids 


1,500/1,000' 


4 








Objectives recommended by Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee to Governments 


Cadmium, total 


0.0012 


4 








Fluoride, dissolved 


1.5 


4 








Lead, total 


0.03 


4 








Nitrate 


10.0 


4 








Oxygen, dissolved 


4.0/5.0^ 


4 








Sodium adsorption ratio 


10.0 


4 








Sulphate, dissolved 


800.0 


4 








Zinc, total 


0.03 


4 








Water temperature (Celsius) 


30.0^ 


4 








pH (pH units) 


6.5^ 


4 








'Three-month average of flow -weighted concentrations should be <3.5 mg/L boron and <1,500 mg/L TDS 
flow-weighted concentrations (March to October) should be <2.5 mg/L boron and < 1,000 mg/L TD 
'5.0 (minimum April 10 to May 15), 4.0 (minimum, remainder of the year). 
'Natural temperature (April 10 to May 15), <30 degrees Celsius (remainder of the year). 
■"Less than 0.5 pH units above nattiral, minimum pH = 6.5. 


. Five-year average of 

S. 



18 



3.3 Ground Water 

3.3.1 Operations 

SaskPower's supplementary water supply project continued to operate during 2004. The supplementary 
water supply project currently consists of 21 wells with a total of 10 discharge points. No wells were 
added or deleted from the well field during the year. The majority of ground-water production in 2004 
occurred during the fall to spring period. This is a typical operational pattern for the project and is done 
to minimize water losses. However, as in 2002 and 2003, pumping was maintained through the 2004 
summer period due to low spring runoff. In 2004, ground-water production increased to 4,764 dam^ 
from the 2003 total of 4,489 dam^ Production from 1991 to 2004 has now averaged 4,982 dam^ per 
year. Prior to 1991, the wells used for supplementJiry supply were part of a dewatering network for 
coal-mming operations. This resulted in high production levels in the early to mid 1980's as shown in 
Figure 3.12. With the drought of the late 1980's and early 1990's, it was evident that there was a 
continued need for ground water to supplement water levels in Cookson Reservoir. Consequently the 
wells were taken over by SaskPower for use as a supplementary supply. 

Poplar River Power Station - Supplementary Supply 




1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 

Year 



Figure 3.12 Supplementary Water Supply 



19 



SaskPower has an approval for the supplementary supply project to produce an annual volume of 5,500 
damVyear. This approval was extended by Saskatchewan Water Corporation in 1996. Future revisions 
to the approval will likely include conditions requiring termination of pumping (with the exception of 
wells supplying domestic users) when the reservoir is above a specified level. 

In addition to the supplementary supply, SaskPower also operates the Soil Salinity Project, which is 
located south of Morrison Dam. The project was initiated in 1989 to alleviate soil sahnity which had 
developed below the dam. The salinity project consists of a network of production wells which 
discharge into the cooling water canal, which in turn discharges to Cookson Reservoir. Ongoing 
operational difficulties with the salinity wells resulted in a continued decline in the aimual volume 
pumped (Figure 3.13). However, a well-rehabilitation program has been initiated and as a result 
production in 2004 increased to 557 dam^ from the 426 dam^ pumped from the Soil Salinity Project in 

2003. This volume is still substantially lower than the annual production levels obtained in the early to 
mid- 1 990 's when production was near its optimal level. 

Well PW87104, which is located on the east side of the river, provided all the production in 2003. In 

2004, production was obtained from wells PW87104 and PW90108. SaskPower expects to continue 
with the rehabilitation program again in 2005. 



20 



Poplar River Power Station - Salinity Project 



i 700 




1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 

Year 



Figure 3.13 Pumpage from Salinity Control Project 



3.3.2 Ground-Water Monitoring 



Equivalent geologic formations present in Saskatchewan and Montana have different names. A list of 
the corresponding formation names is provided in Table 3.2. 

Table 3.2 Geologic Formation Name Equivalence between Saskatchewan and Montana 




Geologic Formation Name 



Eastend to Whitemud Frenchman Ravenscrag Alluvium 



Hell Creek 



Fort Union Alluvium 



21 



3.3.2.1 Saskatchewan 

In past years the ground-water response to pumping has been illustrated through a regional drawdown 
map prepared by SaskPower. However, the drawdown map prepared for 2003 indicated an apparent 
expansion had occurred in the cone of depression in the vicinity of the international boundary. Given 
that the 2003 withdrawals were the lowest of the previous 4 years, and one of the lowest since 1991, the 
apparent expansion was anomalous. This was confirmed by the absence of any significant increases in 
drawdown in Montana's monitoring wells (Figure 3.16). It was therefore decided to incorporate 
hydrographs for several monitoring wells near the border as opposed to the drawdown map. 
Hydrographs of these selected wells are shown in Figiires 3.14 and 3.15. While there are some 
anomalous data points in the hydrographs, they do clearly show that there have not been significant 
changes in ground- water levels in the Hart Coal Seam at the international boundary in the past 10 years. 
Of particular note are monitoring wells M81 1 and M507, both completed in the Hart Coal Seam, along 
the international boimdary. 

In 2004, no water-level data were obtained from these monitoring wells with the exception of M507. 
Therefore, water levels obtained in the spring of 2005 are included. 

The goal of the Salinity Control Project is to lower ground- water levels in the Empress sands below 
Morrison Dam to approximately pre-reservoir levels. This is equivalent to roughly 2 to 3 metres of 
drawdown, and was achieved by the end of 1995 and again by the end of 1996. However, reduced 
production over the past several years and increased recharge from higher reservoir levels and 
precipitation has led to a significant contraction in the project's cone of depression with the cone of 
depression being negligible at the end of 2003. The drawdown cone increased somewhat in 2004 as a 
result of increased production over 2003, but the area is still limited in extent and magnitude. 



22 



Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 
Groundwater Monitoring Network 















• 














■ 














































.. 


■■■ 




immm, 


■■■■ 


■■■■ 


■■1 


■ ■■■ 


■ ■■" 


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♦ 


♦♦• 


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♦ ♦♦^ 


♦♦♦< 

































































g g 



s g 

Date 



-M811 -•-M782 -*-M510A 



Figure 3.14 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply Ground 
Water Monitoring Network 



Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply 
Groundwater Monitoring Network 




-M492A -•— MS07 -A-MSOQ 



Figure 3.15 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Cookson Reservoir Supplementary Supply Ground 
Water Monitoring Netv^ork 

23 



3.3.2.2 Montana 

Water-levels in monitoring wells (6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 17, 19, and 22) that penetrate the Fort Union 
Formation and/or Hart Coal Seam rose during 1997 and 1998, and then leveled off or fell between 1999 
and the end of 2003. Heavy snow accumulation and subsequent melting caused water levels to rise to 
near record highs in most wells during 2004. Hydrographs of selected Fort Union and Hart Coal Seam 
wells (6, 7, 17, and 19) are shown in Figure 3.16. 



Hydrographs of Selected Wells 
Fort Union and Hart Coal Aquifers 



2465 




°^ 




2450 



"'^^^^*^****^'^^'*^^^^ 



2445 



Oi O ^ CNJ CO 



CO CO 00 CO CO GO 



cocOQcotocQconJcQco 



■^LOCDf^OOOOi- 

O3a3a>o>oooo 






Year 






(0 (0 (0 CQ 



-Well 6 (GWIC 4227) -a-Well 7 (GWIC 4267) -A-Well 17 (GWIC 4297) 



-WelM9(GWIC4290) 



Figure 3.16 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Fort Union and Hart Coal Aquifers 



24 



The potentiometric surface in the Fox Hills/Hell Creek artesian aquifer (well 11) has shown very little 
fluctuation or change throughout the 26-year (1979-2004) monitoring period. 

Water levels in monitoring wells (5, 8, 10, 23, and 24) that penetrate the alluvial and/or outwash aquifer 
show considerable fluctuation due to seasonal change caused by climate and/or precipitation. Water 
levels in wells 5, 10, and 24 responded strongly to the heavy snow accumulation and runoff in early 
2004. Water levels in well 8 also responded but upward movement was only about 2 ft. The water level 
m well 23 rose about 2 ft in response to the snowmelt but dropped back to its late 2003 levels by the 
end of 2004. Hydrographs of selected alluvial wells (10, 23, and 24) and the Fox Hills/Hell Creek 
artesian aquifer well (1 1) are shown in Figure 3.17. 



Hydrographs of Selected Wells 
Alluvium and Fox Hills/Hell Creek Aquifers 

2440 



2430 



2425 



III 

a 2420 



« 2415 



2410 





°^s/s&a^ Js Gtf m TM t^B c^a^^_^ 1^ ,^ ^^3.fls^^3a^aa 0^ [tf 3)3 c^ i^:y-^^jatb 0% 






^^w/ylr^'^Vy^r'' 



_l I I I I I L_ 



0)0'^CMW^tn<ot^ooo)QT-cvi«5-intpr-.ooo>Qi-c\jco3!i)tor; 
t^opcocpopopcoopcpopopaSo)cpo>ao>aa>cpa>pcp<:pooooc^ 



Year 

-Well 10 (GWIC 4340) -b- Well 11 (GWIC 4329) -a- Well 23 (GWIC 124105) -x- Well 24 (GWIC 144835) 



Figure 3.17 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Alluvium and Fox Hills/Hell Creek Aquifers 



25 



3.3.3 Ground-Water Quality 
3.3.3.1 Saskatchewan 

The water quality from the Supplementary Supply Project discharge points has been consistent with no 
trends indicated. A summary of the more frequently tested parameters during 2004 is provided in Table 
3.3. Statistical averages of the results since 1992 are currently under review and are not being reported 
until the accuracy of the data has been verified. 



Table 3.3 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Supplementary 
Water Supply Project Wells* 



. 


2004 Average 


pH (unit) 


8.2 


1 Conductivity (|j,S/cm) 


1,420 


Total Dissolved Solids 


965 


Total Suspended Solids 


11 


Boron 


1.1 


Sodium 


181 


Cyanide (|j,g/L) 


<0.004 


Iron 


0.4 


Manganese 


0.1 


Mercury (|j,g/L) 


<0.05 


Calcium 


58 


1 Magnesium 


45 


Sulfate 


278 


1 Nitrate 


0.02 



•All units in mg/L, unless otherwise noted. Sampled at Site "C3" on Girard Creek. <, less than. 



26 



Average water-quality results from the common discharge point for the Salinity Control Project for 2004 
are provided in Table 3.4. Statistical averages of the results since 1992 are currently imder review and 
are not being reported until the accuracy of the data has been verified. 

Table 3.4 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Salinity Control Project Wells 

Sampled at the Discharge Pipe* 





2004 
Average 


pH (units) 


7.6 


Conductivity (p.S/cm) 


1,569 


Total Dissolved Solids 


1,055 


Boron 


1.8 


1 Calcium 


109 


1 Magnesium 


60 


1 Sodium 


194 


1 Potassium 


7.7 


1 Arsenic (|ig/L) 


19.9 


1 Aluminum 


<0.1 


1 Barium 


<0.1 


1 Cadmium 


<0.1 


1 Iron 


4.4 


Manganese 


0.1 


Molybdenum 


<0.1 


Strontium 


1.7 


Vanadium 


<0.1 


Uranium (fxg/L) 


<1,000 


Mercury (|J,g/L) 


<0.01 


Sulfate 


394 


Chloride 


6.5 


Nitrate 


<0.003 



*A11 concentrations in mg/L, unless otherwise noted. <, less than. 



27 



Ground-water quality in the vicinity of the ash lagoons can potentially be affected by leachate 
movement through the ash lagoon liner systems. The piezometers listed in the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules are used to assess leachate movement and calculate seepage rates. Piezometric water level, 
boron, and chloride are the chosen indicator parameters to assess leachate movement. 

The ground-water monitoring program was expanded in 1994 as a result of Ash Lagoon #3 South 
construction. In total, 20 new pneimiatic piezometers and 28 new standpipe piezometers were 
completed within their target zones. Testing of these piezometers began in 1995. The limited data so 
far do not show any xmusual or imexpected values. 

Due to the sampling program reduction approved by Saskatchewan Environment in late 2003 several 
piezometers previously referenced in this report are no longer monitored. These piezometers are C867A, 
C868A, C871 A, C886A, C887A, C868B, C869C, and C767. 

Piezometers C867A, C868A and C871A are completed immediately above the liner system, within the 
ash stack of Ash Lagoon #L The 1995-2003 monitoring results of these piezometers suggest 
confirmation of the trend first observed in 1993 that the boron concentration decreases with depth within 
the ash stack. The effect of ash thickness on leachate quality is, however, not completely understood. 

The chemistry of water immediately above the liner systems is therefore expected to differ from the 
surface water of the lagoons. Meaningful information is only available from piezometers installed 
within Ash Lagoon #1 where ash has been deposited for many years. Monitoring of all piezometers 
completed above the lagoon liner systems will continue in the future with the purpose of confirming the 
boron trend noted above and to improve the understanding of leachate quality and flow from the ash 
lagoons. 

The piezometric surface measurements for the oxidized till continue to show the presence of a ground- 
water mound beneath the ash lagoons. The mound extends from the west side of the Polishing Pond to 
the east side of Ash Lagoon No. 2. Isolated ground- water mounds have developed within the area of the 
oxidized ground-water mound. Piezometers located in the oxidized till suggest limited leachate activity. 
No seepage activity is evident in the unoxidized till. 



28 



The greatest changes in chloride and boron concentrations within the oxidized till have occurred where 
piezometric levels have changed the most. Although increasing water levels do not automatically 
suggest that the water affecting the piezometers is leachate, changing piezometric levels do indicate 
ground-water movement. On the west side of the Polishing Pond, the boron levels have changed only 
slightly in the oxidized till piezometers C728A and C728D, where the chloride levels have changed 
more significantly. The chloride level for C728A has decreased from 403 mg/L in 1983 to 246 mg/L in 
2004. The chloride level for C728D has increased from 185 mg/L in 1983 to 384 mg/L in 2004. 
Although these piezometers are close in proximity and installed at the same level, they are being 
influenced by different water. Chloride results for C728A suggest initial seepage and it is to be expected 
that over time the same observation will be seen in C728D. 

The piezometric surface of the Empress Gravel indicates a regional flow from northwest to southeast 
below Morrison Dam. As a general observation. Empress piezometers respond to changing reservoir 
levels. Results for the Empress layer do not indicate seepage activity with the majority of the analyses 
showing little real change in boron or chloride concentrations. 

Sand lens piezometers C712B and C766 are located the toe of dyke G between the Polishing Pond and 
the cooling water canal. These piezometers have historically been of interest as the sand lens provides a 
preferential pathway for leachate migration of boron concentrations. C766 showed an increasing trend 
up to October 1988 with a peak of 43.0 mg/L in April 1995. Between 1995 and 2002, the boron 
concentrations decHned modestly and remained between 25 and 38 mg/L. 

Up to April 1988 the boron concentration for C767 was increasing and peaked at 49.4 mg/L. Since this 
peak, the boron concentration steadily decreased to the end of 1991 where it leveled off near 5 mg/L and 
remained through 2003 with one exception, a concentration of 1 1.7 mg/L in October 2000. 



Piezometer C712B has been monitored for several years. Historically, boron concentrations were below 
1 mg/L. From 1992 to 2004, boron concentrations have remained relatively steady around between 12 
and 20 mg/L. 



29 



3.3.3.2 Montana 

Samples were collected from monitoring wells 7, 16, and 24 during 2004. Well 7 is completed in Hart 
Coal, well 16 is completed in the Fort Union Formation, and well 24 is completed in alluvium. The 
TDS concentration in water from two of the three monitoring wells increased in 2004. Changes in TDS 
with time for wells 7, 16, and 24 are shown in Figure 3.18. 

Total Dissolved Solids 

800 

750 
a> 
J 700 

a> 

a 

I 650 



I* 600 

S 

S 550 

CO 

500 

(O 

1 450 

o 
« 

5 400 



S 



350 



300 



















^ 




























































\ 


























































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D. 


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CO o> o i- 



co 00 00 bo Ob 00 



000>0'^OJC«J'S-incDt~~000> 

ooooo)o>a)o>o>o>0)0>0)0> 



cacacocaconjcococOfljcQcocQcococtinscccococococotacocccccc 

—)—3—>—>—i—>—i—i—i—l—i—l—l—i—i—>—)—3—)—>—3—>—i—>—i~i~>~i 

Date 

-»— Well 16 (GWIC4211) -a— Well 24 (GWIC 144835) -A-Well 7 (GWIC4267) 



Figure 3.18 Total Dissolved Solids in Samples from Montana Wells. 



30 



3.4 Cookson Reservoir 

3.4.1 Storage 

On January 1, 2004, Cookson Reservoir storage was 31,101 dam^ or 72% of the full supply volume. 
The 2004 maximum, minimum, and period elevations and volumes are shown in Table 3.5. 

Spring inflows into the reservoir were well below normal in 2004. However, heavy rains during late 
May and early June generated sufficient runoff to fill the reservoir. A release was initiated in May to 
meet the recommended Poplar River basin demand release for the 2003-2004 apportionment year. No 
releases were required to maintain the recommended apportionment target flow at the International 
Boundary for the remainder of the year. 

In addition to runoff, reservoir levels were augmented by ground-water pimiping. Wells in the 
abandoned west block mine site supplied 4,764 dam^ to Girard Creek. It is estimated that approximately 
70% of this flow volume reached Cookson Reservoir. Wells in the soil salinity project area supplied 
557 daml 

Table 3.5 Cookson Reservoir Storage Statistics for 2004 



Date 


Elevation (m) 


Contents 
(dam^) 


January 1 


751.26 


31,101 


June 21 (Maximum) 


752.99 


43,340 


January 12 (Minimum) 


751.25 


30,950 


December 3 1 


752.32 


38,280 


Fxill Supply Level 


753.00 


43,410 



31 



The Poplar River Power Station is dependent on water from Cookson Reservoir for cooling. Power 
plant operation is not adversely affected until reservoir levels drop below 749.0 metres. The dead 
storage level for cooling water used in the generation process is 745.0 metres. The 2004 recorded levels 
and associated operating levels are shown in Figure 3.19. 

2004 Cookson Reservoir 
Daily Mean water Levels 



S 749 



Fuli;Supply Level 






. 


~ »r 




^ ' 


/ 




^ — ' • — ' ■ 


Minimum Desired Operating Level 


^Ten Year Median Level 




2004 ^'"^ 




Minimum Useable Storage Level 









1 \ \ \ 1 \ ' 



Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

Figure 3.19 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Levels for 2004 and Median 
Daily Water Levels, 1994-2003 

3.4.2 Water Quality 

The period from 1987 to 1993 saw very low volumes of surface-water runoff to Cookson Reservoir. 
Consequently, total dissolved solids (TDS) in the reservoir increased steadily from approximately 780 
mg/L to over 1,800 mg/L. Since 1993, higher runoff volumes have improved reservoir water quality. 
Since 1997, the TDS levels in the reservoir have generally remained below 1,000 mg/L. The average 
TDS level in Cookson Reservoir in 2004 was 967 mg/L, up slightly from the 2003 average level of 928 
mg/L but still below past levels. 



32 



3.5 Air Quality 

SaskPower's ambient SO2 monitoring for 2004 recorded no values greater than Saskatchewan 
Environment's one-hour average standard of 0.17 ppm and the 24-hour average standard of 0.06 ppm. 
The ambient SO2 monitor was replaced in January 2001 which has greatly improved the availability of 
this information. The 2004 geometric mean for the high- volume suspended-particulate sampler was 16.2 
)ag/m^/24 hours and 2004 was the thirteenth consecutive year of below-average particulate readings. 

3.6 Quality Control 

3.6.1 Streamflow 

No joint current-meter discharge measurements were obtained this year by personnel from the U.S. 
Geological Survey and Envirormient Canada to confirm streamflow measurement comparability at the 
East Poplar River at International Boundary site. 

3.6.2 Water Quality 

Quality-control sampling was not carried out at the East Poplar River at International Boundary due to 
suspension in collection of surface-water-quality samples by Environment Canada this year. 



33 



ANNEX 1 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



CANADA-UNITED STATES 



Al- 1 



Al-2 



September 23, 1980 
POPLAR RIVER COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 

I. PURPOSE 

This Arrangement will provide for the exchange of data collected as described in the attached 
Technical Monitoring Schedules in water-quality, water quantity and air quality monitoring 
programs being conducted in Canada and the United States at or near the International Boundary 
in response to SaskPower development. This Arrangement will also provide for the 
dissemination of the data in each country and will assure its comparability and assist in its 
technical interpretation. 

The Arrangement will replace and expand upon the quarterly information exchange program 
instituted between Canada and the United States in 1976. 

II. PARTICIPATING GOVERNMENTS 

Governments and government agencies participating in the Arrangement are: 

Government of Canada: Environment Canada 
Government of the Province of Saskatchewan: 

Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 
Government of the United States of America: United States Geological Survey 
Government of the State of Montana: Executive Office 

III. POPLAR RIVER MONITORING COMMITTEE: TERMS OF REFERENCE 

A binational committee called the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee will be 
established to carry out responsibilities assigned to it under this Arrangement. The Committee 
will operate in accordance with the following terms of reference: 

Al-3 



A. Membership 

The Committee will be composed of four representatives, one from each of the participating 
Governments. It will be jointly chaired by the Government of Canada and the Government of 
the United States. There will be a Canadian Section and a United States Section. The 
participating Governments will notify each other of any changes in membership on the 
Committee. Co-chairpersons may by mutual agreement invite agency technical experts to 
participate in the work of the Committee. 

The Governor of the State of Montana may also appoint a chief elective official of local 
government to participate as an ex-officio member of the Committee in its technical 
deliberations. The Saskatchewan Minister of the Environment may also appoint a similar local 
representative. 



B. Functions of the Committee 

The role of the Committee will be to fulfil the purpose of the Arrangement by ensuring the 
exchange of monitored data m accordance with the attached Technical Monitoring Schedules, 
and its collation and technical interpretation in reports to Governments on implementation of the 
Arrangement. In addition, the Committee will review the existing monitoring systems to ensure 
their adequacy and may recommend to the Canadian and United States Governments any 
modifications to improve the Technical Monitoring Schedules. 



1. Information Exchange 

Each Co-chairperson will be responsible for transmitting to his counterpart Co-chairperson on a 
regular, and not less than quarterly basis, the data provided by the cooperative monitoring 
agencies in accordance with the Technical Monitoring Schedules. 



Al-4 



2. Reports 



(a) The Committee will prepare a joint Amiual Report to the participating 
governments, and may at any time prepare joint Special Reports. 

(b) Armual Reports will 

i) summarize the main activities of the Committee in the year under Report and the 

data which has been exchanged under the Arrangement; 

ii) draw to the attention of the participating governments any definitive changes in 
the monitored parameters, based on collation and technical interpretation of 
exchanged data (i.e. the utilization of summary, statistical and other appropriate 
techniques); 



iii) draw to the attention of the participating governments any recommendations 
regarding the adequacy or redundancy of any scheduled monitoring operations 
and any proposals regarding modifications to the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules, based on a continuing review of the monitoring programs including 
analytical methods to ensure their comparability. 

(c) Special Reports may, at any time, draw to the attention of participating 
governments defmitive changes in monitored parameters which may require 
immediate attention. 

(d) Preparation of Reports 

Reports will be prepared following consultation with all committee members and 
will be signed by all Committee members. Reports will be separately forwarded 
by the Committee Co-chairmen to the participating governments. All aimual and 
special reports will be so distributed. 

Al-5 



3. Activities of Canadian and United States Sections 
The Canadian and United States section will be separately responsible for: 

(a) dissemination of information within their respective countries, and the 
arrangement of any discussion required with local elected officials; 

(b) verification that monitoring operations are being carried out in accordance with 
the Technical Monitoring Schedules by cooperating monitoring agencies; 

(c) receipt and collation of monitored data generated by the cooperating monitoring 
agencies in their respective countries as specified in the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules; 

(d) if necessary, drawing to the attention of the appropriate government in their 
respective countries any failure to comply with a scheduled monitoring function 
on the part of any cooperating agency under the jurisdiction of that government, 
and requesting that appropriate corrective action be taken. 

IV. PROVISION OF DATA 

In order to ensure that the Committee is able to carry out the terms of this Arrangement, the 
participating governments will use their best efforts to have cooperating monitoring agencies, in 
their respective jurisdictions provide on an ongoing basis all scheduled monitored data for which 
they are responsible. 

V. TERMS OF THE ARRANGEMENT 

The Arrangement will be effective for an initial term of five years and may be amended by 
agreement of the participating governments. It will be subject to review at the end of the initial 
term and will be renewed thereafter for as long as it is required by the participating governments. 

Al-6 



ANNEX 2 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

2005 

CANADA-UNITED STATES 



A2-1 



A2-2 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PREAMBLE A2 - 5 

CANADA 

STREAMFLOW MONITORING A2 - 8 

SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 10 

GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING NEAR THE 
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY A2 - 14 

GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 

- POWER STATION AREA A2 - 16 

GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 

- ASH LAGOON AREA 

WATER LEVEL A2 - 18 

WATER QUALITY A2 - 19 

AMBIENT AIR-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 22 

UNITED STATES 

STREAMFLOW MONITORING A2 - 26 

SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 28 

GROUND- WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 30 

GROUND-WATER LEVELS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 

DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING A2 - 32 



A2-3 



A2-4 



PREAMBLE 

The Technical Monitoring Schedule lists those water quantity, water-quality and air quality 
monitoring locations and parameters which form the basis for information exchange and 
reporting to Governments. The structure of the Committee responsible for ensuring the exchange 
takes place is described in the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement. 

The monitoring locations and parameters listed herein have been reviewed by the Poplar River 
Bilateral Monitoring Committee and represent the basic technical information needed to identify 
any definitive changes in water quantity, water quality and air quality at the International 
Boundary. The Schedule was initially submitted to Governments for approval as an attachment 
to the 1981 report to Governments. Changes in the sampling locations and parameters may be 
made by Governments based on the recommendations of the Committee. 

Additional information has been or is being collected by agencies on both sides of the 
International Boundary, primarily for project management or basin-wide baseline data purposes. 
This additional information is usually available upon request from the collecting agency and 
forms part of the pool of technical information which may be drawn upon by Govenmients for 
specific study purposes. Examples of additional information are water- quantity, water-quality, 
ground-water and air-quality data collected at points in the Poplar River basin not of direct 
concern to the Committee. In addition, supplemental information on parameters such as 
vegetation, soils, fish and waterfowl populations and aquatic vegetation has been collected on 
either a routine or specific-studies basis by various agencies. 



A2-5 



A2-6 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

2005 

CANADA 



A2-7 



STREAMFLOW MONITORING 

Daily mean discharge or levels and instantaneous monthly extremes as normally 
published in surface-water-data publications. 



Responsible Agencies: Environment Canada; Saskatchewan Watershed Authority 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


1* 


11AE003 
(06178500) 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 


2 


11AE013*** 


Cookson Reservoir near Coronach 


3 


11AE015*** 


Girard Creek near Coronach Cookson Reservoir 


4 


11AE014*** 


East Poplar River above Cookson Reservoir 


5 




Fife Lake Overflow** 


6* 


11AE008 
(06178000) 


Poplar River at International Boundary 



* International gauging station. 

** Miscellaneous measurements of outflow to be made by Saskatchewan Watershed 

Authority (SWA) during periods of outflow only. 

*** SWA took over the monitoring responsibility effective July 1/92. 



A2-8 




10 15 KILOMETERS 



HYDROMETRIC GAUGING STATIONS (CANADA) 



A2-9 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING 



Sampling Locations 



Responsible Agency: Environment Canada 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


1 


OOSAllAEOOOS 
Suspended 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment 
Data collected by: Sask Power 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


2 


12386 
Discontinued 


East Poplar River at Culvert immediately below 
Cookson Reservoir 


3 


12368 


Cookson Reservoir near Dam 


4 


12377 
Discontinued 


Upper End of Cookson Reservoir at Highway 36 


5 


12412 
Discontinued 


Girard Creek at Coronach, Reservoir Outflow 


6 


7904 


Fife Lake Outflow 



♦Sampled only when outflow occurs for a 2-week period, which does not occur every year. 



A2-10 




LEGEND 

A SASKATCHEWAN ENVIRONMENT AND 
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 

■ ENVIRONMENT CANADA 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS (CANADA) 



A2-11 



PARAMETERS 



Responsibl^Agency^mivirDni^^ 



ENVIRODAT* 
Code 



Analytical Method 



Sampling Frequency 
Station No. 1 



lOlSl 


Alkalinity-phenolphthalein 


Potentiometric Titration 


SUS 


10111 


Alkalinity-total 


Potentiometric Titration 


SUS 


13102 


Aluminum-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


13302 


Aluminum-extracted 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


07540 


Ammonia-total 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


33108 


Arsenic-dissolved 


ICAP-hydride 


SUS 


56001 


Barium-total 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


06201 


Bicarbo nates 


Calculated 


SUS 


05211 


Boron-dissolved 


ICAP 


SUS 


96360 


Bromoxynil 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


48002 


Cadmium-total 


AA Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


20103 


Calcium 


AA-DiiEct 


SUS 


06104 


Carbon-dissolved organic 


Automated IR Detection 


SUS 


06901 


Carbon-particulate 


Elemental Analyzer 


SUS 


06002 


Carbon-total organic 


Calculated 


SUS 


06301 


Carbonates 


Calculated 


SUS 


17206 


Chloride 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


06717 


Chlorophyll a 


Spectrophotometric 


SUS 


24003 


Chromium-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


270O2 


Cobalt-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


36012 


Coliform-fecal 


Membrane Fihration 


SUS 


36002 


Coliform-total 


Membrane Filtration 


SUS 


02021 


Colour 


Comparator 


SUS 


02041 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


SUS 


06610 


Cyanide 


Automated UV-Colourimetric 


SUS 


09117 


Ruoride-dissolved 


Electrometric 


SUS 


06401 


Free Carbon Dioxide 


Calculated 


SUS 


10602 


Hardness 


Calculated 


SUS 


17811 


Hexachlorobenzene 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


08501 


Hydroxide 


Calculated 


SUS 


26104 


Iron-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


82002 


Lead-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


12102 


Magnesium 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


25104 


Manganese-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


07901 


N-particulate 


Elemental Analyzer 


SUS 


07651 


N-total dissolved 


Automated UV Colourimetric 


SUS 


10401 


NFR 


Gravimetric 


SUS 


28002 


Nickel-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


07110 


Nitrate/Nitrite 


Colourimetric 


SUS 


07603 


Nitrogen-total 


Calculated 


SUS 


10650 


Non-Carbonate Hardness 


Calculated 


SUS 


18XXX 


Organo Chlorines 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


08101 


Oxygen-dissolved 


Winkler 


SUS 


15901 


P-particulate 


Calculated 


SUS 


15465 


P-total dissolved 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


185XX 


Phenoxy Herbicides 


Gas Chromatography 


SUS 


15423 


Phosphorus-total 


Colourimetric (TRAACS) 


SUS 


19103 


Potassium 


Flame Emission 


SUS 


11250 


Percent Sodium 


Calculated 


SUS 


011201 


SAR 


Calculated 


SUS 


00210 


Saturation Index 


Calculated 


SUS 


34108 


Selenium-dissolved 


ICAP-hydride 


SUS 


14108 


Silica 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


11103 


Sodium 


Flame Emission 


SUS 


00211 


Stability Index 


Calculated 


SUS 


16306 


Sulphate 


Automated Colourimetric 


SUS 


00201 


TDS 


Calculated 


SUS 


02061 


Temperature 


Digital Thermometer 


SUS 


02073 


Turbidity 


Nephelometry 


SUS 


23002 


Vanadium-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


30005 


Zinc-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


10301 


pH 


Electrometric 


SUS 


92111 


Uranium 


Fluometric 


SUS 



• - Computer Storage and Retrieval System ~ Environment Canada 
AA - Atomic Absoiption UV - Ultraviolet 

NFR - Nonfilterable Residue ICAP - Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma. 



SUS - Suspended 



A2-12 



PARAMETERS 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment 
Data Collected by: SaskPower 


ESQUADAT* Code 


Parameter 


Analytical method 


Sampling Frequency 
Station No. 


2 


3 


4 


5 


LaJ 


10151 


Alkalinity-phenol 


Pot-Titration 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10101 


Alkalinity-tot 


Pot-Titration 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


13004 


Aluminum-lot 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




33004 


Arsenic-tot 


Rameless AA 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




06201 


Bicarbonates 


Calculated 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


05451 


Boron-tot 


ICAP 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


W 


48002 


Cadmium-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




20103 


Calcium 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06052 


Carbon-tot Inorganic 


In&ared 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06005 


Carbon-tot Organic 


Infrared 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06301 


Carbonates 


Calculated 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


17203 


Chloride 


Automated Colourimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06711 


Chlorophyll- 'a' 


Spectrophotometry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 




24004 


Chromium-tot 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




36012 


Coliform-fec 


Membrane filtration 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


36002 


Coliform-tot 


Membrane filtration 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


02041 


Conductivity 


Conductivity Meter 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


W 


29005 


Copper-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




09105 


Fluoride 


Specific Ion Electrode 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




82002 


Lead-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




12102 


Magnesium 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


80011 


Mercury-tot 


Flame less- AA 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




42102 


Molybdenum 


AA-Solvent Extract (N-Butyl 
acetate) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




07015 


N-TKN 


Automated Colourimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10401 


NFR 


Gravimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10501 


NFR(F) 


Gravimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


28002 


Nickel-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


07110 


Nitrate + NOi 


Automated Colourimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06521 


Oil and Grease 


Pet. Ether Extraction 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




08102 


Oxygen-diss 


Meter 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


15406 


Phosphorus-tot 


Colourimetry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


19103 


Potassium 


name Photometry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


34005 


Selenium-Ext 


Hydride generation 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




11103 


Sodium 


Hame Photometry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


16306 


Sulphate 


Colourimetry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10451 


TDS 


Gravimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


02061 


Temperature 


Thermometer 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


23004 


Vanadium-tot 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




30005 


Zinc-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




10301 


pH 


Electrometric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


W 



* Computer storage and retrieval system - Saskatchewan Environment. 

Symbols: 

W - Weekly during overflow; OF- Once during each period of overflow greater than 2 weeks' duration; 

Q - Quarterly; A - Annually; AA - Atomic Absorption; Pot - Potentiometric; tot - total; Pet - Petroleum; 

fee - fecal; diss - dissolved; EXT - extract; NFR - Nonfilterable residue; NFR(F) - Nonfilterable residue, fixed; 

ICAP - Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma; (f^lBK) - sample acidified and extracted with IVIethyl Isobutyl Ketone; 

DIS - Discontinued. 



A2-13 



GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL DRAWDOWN 
DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING NEAR THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Watershed Authority* 


Measurement Frequency: Quarterly 


Piezometer 
Number 


Location 


Tip of Screen 
Elevation (m) 


Perforation Zone 
(depth in metres) 


52 
507 


NW 14-1-27 W3 
SW 6-1-26 W3 


738.43 
725.27 


43-49 (in coal) 
34 - 35 (in coal) 



Data Collected by: SaskPower 



A2-14 




5 10 15 KILOMETERS 
-i r-l L 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING 



A2- 15 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING - 
POPLAR RIVER 

POWER STATION AREA 


SPC Piezometer 
Number 


Completion 
Formation 


C525 


Empress 


C526 


Empress 


C527 


Empress 


C540 


Empress 


C739 


Empress 


C740 


Empress 


C741 


Empress 


C743 


Empress 



Water levels measured quarterly 



SPC Piezometer 
Number 


Completion 
Formation 


C739 


Empress 



Samples collected quarterly 



A2- 16 



POPLAR RIVER POWER STATION 
MONITORING LOCATIONS 
DECEMBER 2004 




Ash Lagoons 



LEGEND 

A EMPRESS 

-6- SURFACE 
LOCATION 



A2-17 



1 GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING— 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C533 


Empress 


C534 


Oxidized Till 


C653A 


Unoxidized Till 


C654 


Unoxidized Till 


C711 


Oxidized Till 


C712A 


Unoxidized Till 


C712B 


Intra Till Sand 


C712C 


Mottled Till 


C712D 


Oxidized Till 


C713 


Oxidized Till 


C714A 


Unoxidized Till 


C714B 


Unoxidized Till 


C714C 


Oxidized Till 


C714D 


Oxidized Till 


C714E 


Empress 


C715 


Oxidized Till 


C717 


Oxidized Till 


C720 


Oxidized Till 


C721 


Oxidized Till 


C722 


Oxidized Till 


C723 


Oxidized Till 


C725 


Oxidized Till 


1 C726B 


Unoxidized Till 


C726C 


Oxidized Till 


C726E 


Empress 


C728A 


Oxidized Till 


C728C 


Mottled Till 


C728D 


Oxidized Till 


C728E 


Empress 


C741 




C742 


Empress 


C758 


Intra Till Sand || 



A2-li 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MO^^TORING— 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C763A 


Mottled Till 


C763B 


Oxidized Till 


C763C 


Mottled Till 


C763D 


Unoxidized Till 


C763E 


Empress 



Water levels measured quarterly with the following exceptions: 
Two times per year - C715, C725, C741, C742, C758 
Three times per year - C763E 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING— 
ASH LAGOON AREA - WATER QUALITY 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C533 


Empress 


C534 


Oxidized Till 


C654 


Unoxidized Till 


C71I 


Oxidized Till 


C712A 


Unoxidized Till 


C712B 


Intra Till Sand 


C712C 


Mottled Till 


C712D 


Oxidized Till 


C713 


Oxidized Till 


C714A 


Unoxidized Till 


C714B 


Unoxidized Till 


C714C 


Oxidized Till 


C714D 


Oxidized Till 


C714E 


Empress 


C715 


Oxidized Till 


C717 


Oxidized Till 


C720 


Oxidized Till 



A2-19 



GROUND-WATER PffiZOMETER MONITORING— 
ASH LAGOON AREA -- WATER QUALITY 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C721 


Oxidized Till 


C722 


Oxidized Till 


C723 


Oxidized Till 


C725 


Oxidized Till 


C726B 


Unoxidized Till 


C726C 


Oxidized Till 


C726E 


Empress 


C728A 


Oxidized Till 


C728C 


Mottled Till 


C728D 


Oxidized Till 


C728E 


Empress 


C741 




C742 


Empress 


C758 


Intra Till Sand 


C763A 


Mottled Till 


C763B 


Oxidized Till 


C763D 


Unoxidized Till 


C763E 


Empress 11 



A2-20 











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A2-21 



Ambient Air-Quality Monitoring 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment 
Data Collected by: SaskPower 


No. On Map 


Location 


Parameters 


Reporting Frequency 


1 


Coronach (Discontinued) 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics. 






Total Suspended 
Particulate 


24-hour samples on 6-day cycle, 
corresponding to the national air 
pollution surveillance sampling 
schedule. 


2 


International Boundary 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics. 






Total Suspended 
Particulate 


24-hour samples on 6-day cycle, 
corresponding to the national air 
pollution surveillance sampling 
schedule. 


3 


Poplar River Power Station 


Wind Speed and 
Direction 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics 


METHODS 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Saskatchewan Environment 
Pulsed fluorescence 


Total Suspended Particulate 


Saskatchewan Environment 
High Volume Method 



A2-22 



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UNITED STATES 


^^^^-^ i^V-,^;;-^. 






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5 10 

1 ' ' 


15 KILOMETERS 

1 




1 


1 1 

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10 MILES 




AMBIENT AIR-QUAUTY MONITORING (CANADA) 





A2-23 



A2-24 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

2005 

UNITED STATES 



A2-25 



STREAMFLOW MONITORING 



Responsible Agency: U.S. Geological Survey 


No. on Map 


Station Number 


Station Name 


1* 


06178000 (11 AE008) 


Poplar River at International Boundary 


2* 


06178500 (11 AE003) 


East Poplar River at International 
Boundary 



* International Gauging Station 



A2-26 




HYDROMETRIC GAUGING STATIONS (UNITED STATES) 



A2-27 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING 


" Station Locations 


Responsible Agency: U.S. Geological Survey | 


No. On Map 


USGS StaUon No. 


STATION NAME 


1 


06178000 


Poplar River at International Boundary 


2 


06178500 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 


PARAMETERS 




Annual Sampling Frequency 1 


Analytical 
Code 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


Site 1' 


Site 2" 


29801 


Alkalinity - lab 


Fixed endpoint Titration 


4 


4 


00625 


Ammonia +Org N-tot 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00608 


Ammonia - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


01000 


Arsenic - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01002 


Arsenic - tot 


AA.GF 


4 


4 


01005 


Barium - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01007 


Barium - total 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00025 


Barometric pressure 


Barometer, field 


4 


4 


01020 


Boron - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


01025 


Cadmium - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01027 


Cadmmm - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00915 


Calcium - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


00940 


Chloride - diss 


IC 


4 


4 


01030 


Chromium - diss 


AA,GF 


4 


4 


01034 


Chromium - tot/rec 


AA,GF 


4 


4 


00095 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


4 


4 


01040 


Copper - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01042 


Copper - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00061 


Discharge - inst 


Direct measurement 


4 


4 


00950 


Fluoride - diss 


ISE 


4 


4 


01046 


Iron - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


01045 


Iron - tot/rec 


ICP 


4 


4 


01049 


Lead - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


01051 


Lead - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00925 


Magnesium - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


01056 


Manganese - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01055 


Manganese - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01065 


Nickel - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


71900 


Mercury - diss 


CVAF 


4 


4 


71890 


Mercury - tot/rec 


CVAF 


4 


4 


01067 


Nickel - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00613 


Nitrite - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00631 


Nitrate + Nitrite - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00300 


Oxygen-diss 


Oxygen membrane, field 


4 


4 


00400 


pH 


Electrometric, field 


4 


4 


00671 


Phos, Ortho-diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00665 


Phosphorous - tot 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00935 


Potassium - diss 


AA 


4 


4 


00931 


SAR 


Calculated 


4 


4 


80154 


Sediment - cone. 


Filtration-Gravimetric 


4 


4 


80155 


Sediment - load 


Calculated 


4 


4 


01145 


Selenium - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01147 


Selenium tot 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


00955 


Silica - diss 


Colorimetric 


4 


4 


00930 


Sodium - diss 


ICP 


4 


4 


00945 


Sulphate - diss 


IC 


4 


4 


70301 


Total Dissolved Solids 


Calculated 


4 


4 


00010 


Temp Water 


Stem Thermometer 


4 


4 


00020 


Temp Air 


Stem Thermometer 


4 


4 


01090 


Zinc - diss 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 


01092 


Zinc - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


4 


4 



Samples collected obtained during the monthly periods: * -- March - April; May; June; July - September 

** - May; June; July; August - September 
Abbreviations: AA - atomic absorption; cone - concentration; CVAF - cold vapor atomic fluorescence; diss - dissolved; GF - graphite furnace; IC - 

ion exchange chromatography; ICP - inductively coupled plasma; ISE - ion-selective electrode; MS - mass spectrography ; Org - organic; 

phos. - phosphate; tot - total; tot/rec - total recoverable 

A2-28 




5 10 15 KILOMETERS 

I ' — H h 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS (UNITED STATES) 



A2-29 



GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING - Station Locations 



Responsible Agency: 


Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology 




Map 
Number 


Well 
Location 


Total Depth 

(m) 


Casing 
Diameter 

(cm) 


Aquifer 


Perforation Zone 

(m) 


7 


37N47E12BBBB 


44.1 


10.2 


Hart Coal 


39-44 


16 


37N46E3ABAB 


25.5 


10.2 


Fort Union 


23-25 


24 


37N48E5AB 


9.6 


10.2 


Alluvium 


9.2-9.6 


Paramete 


rs 




Storet 










** 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


Sampling Frequency Station No. 




Code 










00440 


Bicarbonates 


Electrometric Titration 


Sample collection is annually for 




01020 


Boron-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 


all locations identified above. 




00915 


Calcium 


Emission Plasma 






00445 


Carbonates 


Electrometric Titration 


The analytical method descriptions 




00940 


Chloride 


Ion Chromatography 


are those of the Montana Bureau of 




00095 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


Mines and Geology Laboratory where 




00950 


Ruoride 


Ion Chromatography 


the samples are analyzed. 




01046 


Iron-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






01049 


Lead-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






01130 


Lithium-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






00925 


Magnesium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






01056 


Manganese-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






01060 


Molybdenum 


Emission Plasma, ICP-MS 






00630 


Nitrate 


Ion Chromatography 






00400 


pH 


Electrometric 






00935 


Potassiiun 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






00931 


SAR 


Calculated 






01145 


Selenium-diss 


ICP-MS 






00955 


Silica 


Emission Plasma, ICP-MS 






00930 


Sodium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






01080 


Strontium-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






00445 


Sulphate 


Ion Chromatography 






00190 


Zinc-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 






70301 


TDS 


Calculated 







SYMBOLS: 

*♦ - Computer storage and retrieval system - EPA 
cm - centimetres 
diss - dissolved 



ICP - Inductively Coupled Plasma Unit 

ICP - MS - Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry 

m - metres 



A2-30 



I 


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■^' 






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\ 


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Rockglen • ^ ^^\^<^ 




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. 


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^^fc Reservoir ) 




\ 


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^^^L j 




1 


x4V^ \ / 




W 




CANADA V^^ 


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24 \ 1 




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UNITED STATES 


y, — X^_ Biine 


—.^2^ 


\\ Scobey 




5 10 

1 1 1 


15 KILOMETERS 

1 




1 ; 




1 1 
5 


10 MILES 




GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING (UNITED STATES) 





A2-31 



GROUND-WATER LEVELS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING 



Responsible Agency: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology | 


No. on Map 


Sampling 


5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,16,17,19,22,23,24 


Determine water levels quarterly 



A2-32 




GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING 



A2-33 



A2-34 



ANNEX 3 

RECOMMENDED FLOW APPORTIONMENT 

IN THE POPLAR RIVER BASIN 

BY THE INTERNATIONAL SOURIS-RED RIVERS ENGINEERING BOARD, 

POPLAR RIVER TASK FORCE (1976) 



A3-1 



A3-2 



♦RECOMMENDED FLOW APPORTIONMENT 
IN THE POPLAR RIVER BASIN 

The aggregate natural flow of all streams and tributaries in the Poplar River Basin 
crossing the International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the 
United States subject to the following conditions: 



The total natural flow of the West Fork Poplar River and all its tributaries 
crossing the International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada 
and the United States but the flow at the International Boundary in each 
tributary shall not be depleted by more than 60 percent of its natural flow. 

The total natural flow of all remaining streams and tributaries in the Poplar 
River Basin crossing the International Boundary shall be divided equally 
between Canada and the United States. Specific conditions of this division are 
as follows: 

(a) Canada shall deliver to the United States a minimum of 60 percent of 
the natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River at the International 
Boundary, as determined below the confluence of Goose Creek and 
Middle Fork. 

(b) The delivery of water from Canada to the United States on the East 
Poplar River shall be determined on or about the first day of June of 
each year as follows: 

(i) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the 
immediately preceding March 1st to May 31st period does not 
exceed 4,690 cubic decameters (3,800 acre-feet), then a 
continuous minimum flow of 0.028 cubic metres per second 
(1.0 cubic foot per second) shall be delivered to the United 
States on the East Poplar River at the International Boundary 
throughout the succeeding 12 month period commencing June 
1st. In addition, a volume of 370 cubic decameters (300 acre- 
feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon demand at any 
time during the 12 month period commencing June 1st. 

(ii) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the 
immediately preceding March 1st to May 31st period is greater 
than 4,690 cubic decameters (3,800 acre-feet), but does not 
exceed 9,250 cubic decameters (7,500 acre-feet), 

Canada-United States, 1976, Joint studies for flow apportionment, Poplar River Basin, Montana-Saskatchewan: Main 
Report, International Souris-Red Rivers Board, Poplar River Task Force, 43 pp. 



A3-3 



then a continuous minimum flow of 0.057 cubic metres per second 
(2.0 cubic feet per second) shall be delivered to the United States 
on the East Poplar River at the hitemational Boundary during the 
succeeding period June 1st through August 31st. A minimum 
delivery of 0.028 cubic metres per second (1.0 cubic feet per 
second) shall then be maintained from September 1st through to 
May 31st of the following year. In addition, a volume of 617 cubic 
decameters (500 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States 
upon demand at any time during the 12-month period commencing 
June 1st. 



(iii) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 

determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the 
immediately preceding March 1st to May 31st period is greater 
than 9,250 cubic decameters (7,500 acre-feet), but does not exceed 
14,800 cubic decameters (12,000 acre-feet), then a continuous 
minimum flow of 0.085 cubic metres per second (3.0 cubic feet per 
second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar 
River at the International Boundary during the succeeding period 
June 1st through August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.057 cubic 
metres per second (2.0 cubic feet per second) shall then be 
maintained from September 1st through to May 31st of the 
following year. In addition, a volume of 617 cubic decameters 
(500 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon demand 
at any time during the 12 month period commencing June 1st. 

(iv) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar, as 

determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the 
immediately preceding March 1st to May 31st period exceeds 
14,800 cubic decameters (12,000 acre-feet) then a continuous 
minimum flow of 0.085 cubic metres per second (3.0 cubic feet per 
second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar 
River at the International Boundary during the succeeding period 
June 1st through August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.057 cubic 
metres per second (2.0 cubic feet per second) shall then be 
maintained from September 1st through to May 31st of the 
following year. In addition, a volume of 1,230 cubic decameters 
(1,000 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon 
demand at any time during the 12-month period commencing June 
1st. 

(c) The natural flow at the International Boundary in each of the 

remaining individual tributaries shall not be depleted by more than 
60 percent of its natural flow. 



A3-4 



The natural flow and division periods for apportionment purposes shall be 
determined, unless otherwise specified, for periods of time commensurate with 
the uses and requirements of both countries. 



A3-5 



A3-6 



ANNEX 4 



CONVERSION FACTORS 



A4-1