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THE NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS ENFORCEMENT ACT; THE

HUMAN TRAFFICKING PREVENTION ACT; AND URGING THE

GOVERNMENT OF AFGHANISTAN, FOLLOWING A SUCCESSFUL

FIRST ROUND OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION ON APRIL

5, 2014, TO PURSUE A TRANSPARENT, CREDIBLE, AND INCLUSIVE RUN-OFF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION ON JUNE 14, 2014,

WHILE ENSURING THE SAFETY OF VOTERS, CANDIDATES,

POLL WORKERS, AND ELECTION OBSERVERS

MARKUP

BEFORE THE

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

ON

H.R. 1771, H.R. 4449 and H. Res. 600

MAY 29, 2014

Serial No. 113–168

Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs

(

Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/ or

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/

(II)

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

EDWARD R. ROYCE, California, Chairman 

CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey 

ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida 

DANA ROHRABACHER, California 

STEVE CHABOT, Ohio 

JOE WILSON, South Carolina 

MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas 

TED POE, Texas 

MATT SALMON, Arizona 

TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania 

JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina 

ADAM KINZINGER, Illinois 

MO BROOKS, Alabama 

TOM COTTON, Arkansas 

PAUL COOK, California 

GEORGE HOLDING, North Carolina 

RANDY K. WEBER SR., Texas 

SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania 

STEVE STOCKMAN, Texas 

RON DESANTIS, Florida 

DOUG COLLINS, Georgia 

MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina 

TED S. YOHO, Florida 

ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York 

ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American 

Samoa 

BRAD SHERMAN, California 

GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York 

ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey 

GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia 

THEODORE E. DEUTCH, Florida 

BRIAN HIGGINS, New York 

KAREN BASS, California 

WILLIAM KEATING, Massachusetts 

DAVID CICILLINE, Rhode Island 

ALAN GRAYSON, Florida 

JUAN VARGAS, California 

BRADLEY S. SCHNEIDER, Illinois 

JOSEPH P. KENNEDY III, Massachusetts 

AMI BERA, California 

ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California 

GRACE MENG, New York 

LOIS FRANKEL, Florida 

TULSI GABBARD, Hawaii 

JOAQUIN CASTRO, Texas

AMY PORTER, Chief of Staff THOMAS SHEEHY, Staff Director

JASON STEINBAUM, Democratic Staff Director 

(III)

C O N T E N T S 

Page

MARKUP OF 

H.R. 1771, To improve the enforcement of sanctions against the Government 

of North Korea, and for other purposes ............................................................. 2

Amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 1771 offered by the 

Honorable Edward R. Royce, a Representative in Congress from the 

State of California, and chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs .............. 67

Amendment to the amendment in the nature of a substitute offered 

by the Honorable Joaquin Castro, a Representative in Congress from 

the State of Texas ...................................................................................... 114

Amendment to the amendment in the nature of a substitute offered 

by the Honorable Gerald E. Connolly, a Representative in Congress 

from the Commonwealth of Virginia ....................................................... 116

H.R. 4449, To amend the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 to expand 

the training for Federal Government personnel related to trafficking in 

persons, and for other purposes .......................................................................... 117

H. Res. 600, Urging the Government of Afghanistan, following a successful 

first round of the presidential election on April 5, 2014, to pursue a transparent, credible, and inclusive run-off presidential election on June 14, 

2014, while ensuring the safety of voters, candidates, poll workers, and 

election observers ................................................................................................. 120

APPENDIX 

Markup notice .......................................................................................................... 136

Markup minutes ...................................................................................................... 137

Markup summary .................................................................................................... 139

The Honorable Gerald E. Connolly: Prepared statement ..................................... 140

(1)

THE NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS ENFORCEMENT ACT; THE 

HUMAN TRAFFICKING PREVENTION ACT; AND URGING 

THE GOVERNMENT OF AFGHANISTAN, FOLLOWING A SUCCESSFUL FIRST ROUND OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 

ON APRIL 5, 2014, TO PURSUE A TRANSPARENT, CREDIBLE, AND INCLUSIVE RUN-OFF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 

ON JUNE 14, 2014, WHILE ENSURING THE SAFETY OF VOTERS, CANDIDATES, POLL WORKERS, AND ELECTION OBSERVERS 

THURSDAY, MAY 29, 2014

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS,

Washington, DC. 

The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:06 a.m., in room 

2172 Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Edward Royce (chairman of the committee) presiding. 

Chairman ROYCE. This committee will come to order. Pursuant 

to notice we meet today to mark up three measures. As member 

offices were notified yesterday, in view of the six concurrent committee markups taking place right now and the broad support for 

the items that we are considering here, the ranking member and 

I intend to consider en bloc all three measures together with the 

amendments that were provided to you previously. 

And so without objection, the following items which all members 

have before them are considered read and will be considered en 

bloc: H.R. 1771, the North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act; Royce 

Amendment Number 29 in the Nature of a Substitute to that H.R. 

1771; the Castro Second Degree Amendment Number 33 to H.R. 

1771, expressing the sense of Congress on enforcement of relevant 

U.N. Security Council resolutions; the Connolly Second Degree 

Amendment Number 118 to H.R. 1771, requiring progress on reunification of separated Korean families including for Korean 

Americans; H.R. 4449, the Human Trafficking Prevention Act; and 

House Resolution 600 regarding the upcoming presidential run-off 

election in Afghanistan. 

[The information referred to follows:]

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Chairman ROYCE. So without objection all members may have 5 

days to submit statements for the record and any extraneous materials on today’s items. And after opening remarks by myself and by 

the ranking member, Eliot Engel, I will be glad to recognize any 

member seeking recognition to speak on the en bloc items. 

So, beginning with our legislation on North Korea. That country 

remains one of the greatest threats due to the fact that they are 

developing weapons, and given the attitude of Kim Jong-un, one of 

the greatest threats not to just the United States but to our allies 

in Northeast Asia. The dictators of North Korea have repeatedly 

defied the international community’s efforts to dismantle the nuclear program there. 

For years, North Korea has repeatedly dangled the promise of 

nuclear disarmament and dismantlement of their program in order 

to get existing sanctions eased. It has been 6 years since North 

Korea walked away from the negotiating table. The only thing that 

has changed since 2008 is that North Korea is closer to miniaturizing a nuclear warhead. Our North Korea policy, frankly, has been 

a bipartisan failure. Last year when we held a hearing on North 

Korea, it had just completed its third nuclear test and it had successfully launched a three-stage intercontinental ballistic missile. 

Today, reports show that North Korea may soon conduct a fourth 

nuclear test. The administration says that its North Korea policy 

remains one of strategic patience. 

It is now time for Congress to lead by providing a clear legislative framework for sanctions to deprive Kim Jong-un of his ability 

to build nuclear weapons and to deprive him of his ability to repress and abuse the North Korean people. The North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act seeks to apply the same type of pressure 

that the Treasury Department successfully applied in 2005 when 

it targeted a small bank in Macau that was complicit in 

Pyongyang’s counterfeiting. This was the bank of Delta Asia. This 

impact sent a ripple throughout the international financial system. 

If you will recall, 10 other banks complied once Banco Delta Asia 

was named, and as a consequence hard currency was cut off from 

North Korea. It seriously crimped the financing there. It stopped 

the ability for them to continue their build-up on their missile program. It made it impossible for the dictator there to pay his generals, which is never a good position for a dictator to be in. So this 

was one of the most effective steps we have taken against North 

Korea. It lasted in place, as I recall, about 8 months until the State 

Department brought significant pressure on Treasury, and this was 

under the Bush administration. State was interested in getting 

them lifted in the hopes that that would then get North Korea to 

the table, of course those negotiations proved to be fruitless. And 

we lost the ability at that time for the one thing that had held in 

check, the ability of the regime to continue on its program. 

This legislation we have with us today enables our Government 

to go after Kim Jong-un’s illicit activities just like we went after 

organized crime in our own country. And it does so by interdicting 

shipments and disrupting the flow of money. And these sanctions 

target North Korea’s money laundering. Just as in ’05 it was a case 

of them counterfeiting $100 bills that got us to the point where 

sanctions were put in place, they are involved in money laundering, 

125

they are involved in counterfeiting. Of course they are involved in 

illicit smuggling and narcotics trafficking, for those who have 

watched the way in which the regime gets the lion’s share of its 

hard currency. And there is a focus on North Korea’s deplorable 

human rights violations in this legislation by targeting those officials responsible specifically for torture, for the gulags, for the 

extrajudicial killings that are sadly a fact of life in North Korea 

today. So this bipartisan piece of legislation has over 135 co-sponsors. It has garnered the support of humanitarian groups worldwide. And humanitarian aid is in no way affected, I should note for 

the members here. 

Second, we go to H.R. 4449, the Human Trafficking Prevention 

Act, and this seeks to ensure that U.S. personnel overseas are 

properly equipped to perceive and combat the scourge of human 

trafficking. Though current law requires that the State Department 

be trained to identify trafficking victims, it does not prescribe minimum training requirements, this bill does that. 

It adds some of these specifics which I think are important, a 

training course for Department personnel who deal with trafficking 

issues; trafficking briefings of all the ambassadors and deputy 

chiefs of mission before they depart to their posts so they know 

their responsibilities in this regard; annual reminders to personnel 

regarding key trafficking issues relating to their countries of focus. 

As you know we have made significant changes in the law and we 

want to make sure that they are enforcing it. 

So let me see if we have some additional notes here. Lastly, we 

have House Resolution 600, which urges the Government of Afghanistan to pursue a transparent, credible, and inclusive run-off 

Presidential election. I thank Mr. Grayson of Florida for his work 

on this timely resolution. Less than 2 months ago, Afghans overwhelmingly flocked to the polls to vote in Presidential and provisional elections. 

Now I think this is interesting. More than 7 million Afghan citizens cast a ballot during the first round of voting. That dwarfs the 

4.5 million who voted in 2009. Although the April elections were 

a significant improvement, there is still progress to be made. Numerous electoral complaints led to the invalidation of votes in certain precincts, and just last week, Afghanistan’s Independent Election Commission fired poll workers who were accused of voter 

fraud. 

This resolution urges the Government of Afghanistan to lessen 

the risk of fraud, to improve electoral transparency, to enhance security efforts, and increase voter participation during the upcoming 

run-off. Importantly, it also recognizes the sacrifices of the members of our armed forces and underscores that this election will 

contribute to the security and stability interests of both Afghanistan and of the United States. Afghans will finally select a successor to President Karzai on June the 14th. This election offers 

the chance for a fresh start with a new President and will allow 

Afghans to create a new and better era. 

We now go to Mr. Eliot Engel of New York for his opening comments, the ranking member. 

Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for holding this 

markup and for again the bipartisan collaboration on the three 

126

measures before us today. I would like to begin by commending you 

for your hard work on the North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act, 

and for your longstanding commitment to address the grave threat 

posed by North Korea. I have been there twice. It doesn’t make me 

an expert, but once you step foot in that country you realize something is terribly wrong. 

This bill would broaden U.S. sanctions against those helping sustain the regime in Pyongyang whose crimes against humanity the 

U.N. Human Rights Office says are, and I quote, ‘‘without parallel 

in the modern world.’’ The North Korean regime is no stranger to 

sanctions, and it is clear why: Development of nuclear weapons, 

arms smuggling, transnational crime. To me, however, the brutal 

repression of the North Korean people, above all, warrants the enactment of this legislation. 

With this bill, Congress labels North Korea supporters as equally 

responsible for the horrors imposed by Kim Jong-un and his cronies 

on the North Korean people. This measure provides broader and 

tougher sanctions against North Korea’s illicit activities. It gives 

the President flexibility to use the authorities in this act most effectively, and it carefully avoids any interference with the relief organizations providing food, medicine, and other humanitarian aid 

to the North Korean people. 

That is the irony. The United States has been the strongest and 

the greatest provider of food and medicine and other humanitarian 

aid to the North Korean people, while their brutal regime kills 

their own people and vilifies the United States. This bill is aimed 

at those few around the world who have chosen to remain morally 

blind to the crimes of the North Korean State. I urge all of our colleagues to support it. 

I want to commend our colleague, Mr. Connolly, who has been 

relentless in urging passage of this legislation. Indeed, he has been 

relentless in terms of everything involving the repression in North 

Korea. He was speaking to me about it, urging us to pass it, working with us on it to help stop the North Korean regime. And I want 

to publicly thank Mr. Connolly for his strong support and his help 

with this legislation. 

Mr. Chairman, I also support H.R. 4449, a bill introduced by my 

colleague from New York, Representative Sean Patrick Maloney. 

His legislation would expand training requirements for Federal 

Government personnel including employees of the State Department in identifying and preventing human trafficking. 

Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and its victims are 

robbed of their freedom and dignity. This crime spans the globe, 

driving profits of up to $32 billion a year. Best estimates tell us 

that as many as 27 million people are victims of human trafficking, 

many coerced into forced labor or commercial sex with no means 

of escape. 

One of the best ways to stop this crime is to make sure people 

know it when they see it. This bill would provide comprehensive 

mandatory training and special briefings on human trafficking for 

embassy reporting offices, regional bureaus’ trafficking in persons 

coordinators and their superiors. It would also keep our State Department and other Federal Government personnel up to speed on 

127

the key problems, threats, methods, and warning signs of human 

trafficking, specific to their country or post. 

Mr. Chairman, we need to remember that people, not policies, 

are often the first line of defense against modern slavery, and this 

legislation will better prepare our diplomats and other public servants to spot this crime and take action as they serve at their diplomatic posts abroad. So I urge my colleagues to support this important legislation as well. 

And finally, I support a resolution on the Presidential election in 

Afghanistan that was introduced by our colleague, Representative 

Grayson. On April 5th, the people of Afghanistan went to the polls. 

We saw incredible courage that day from the candidates, the poll 

workers, and all those who have braved countless acts of violence 

and intimidation because they wanted their voices to be heard. 

Afghanistan’s Independent Election Commission recently announced that none of the candidates garnered more than 50 percent of the vote, so the Commission scheduled a run-off election for 

June 14th. The Afghans should be proud of their electoral system, 

civil society, media, and security forces for carrying out a successful 

first round of voting. Let me also congratulate the two leading vote 

recipients, Dr. Abdullah Abdullah, and Dr. Ashraf Ghani. 

This run-off represents another step forward for the people of Afghanistan. The future of their country is in their hands. And this 

resolution conveys, it is critical that this run-off election be credible, inclusive and transparent. The long-term stability, prosperity 

and security in Afghanistan depend on a democratically-elected 

government that reflects the will of the Afghan people. So I urge 

our colleagues to support this resolution as well. 

So Mr. Chairman, in closing I would like to again thank you for 

holding this markup and look forward to working with you to advance all three of these measures. 

Chairman ROYCE. Well, thank you, Mr. Engel. I will just ask if 

any of the members here seek recognition to speak on any of the 

en bloc amendments. 

Mr. Rohrabacher of California? 

Mr. ROHRABACHER. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, and let 

me thank you and the ranking member. Both you and the ranking 

member have provided such great leadership on this, and the bipartisan positive spirit that now, I think, dominates this committee 

reflects the hard work and spirit that both of you have given to 

your job. And you do work really hard at this job, I know. So first 

to commend both of you on this, and of course I am supportive of 

all three of the resolutions that have been brought before us. 

Just to take one note about North Korea. My father was a Korean War veteran, and over the years I had many talks with him 

about that particular conflict. I think what is interesting is that 

battle was 50 years ago. I remember, and I have mentioned that 

my father told me that he could not imagine that at that time 

when he was a young man in Korea that we would still have American military personnel stationed in Korea and doing a job, a military job in Korea. None of those guys who fought there felt that 

this was something that they were going to do to establish an 

American garrison overseas that would be there forever, and that 

128

their job forever would be, and America’s job would be, to be deterring action, hostile action on that peninsula. 

I would suggest the reason they are still there is because we 

have not taken those steps that are necessary to bring about a 

change of regime, if you would like to say, or a change in the situation in North Korea. We in fact over the years have subsidized 

North Korea. And many of the people in the committee now don’t 

remember those days, I do, in which we were spending millions of 

dollars providing food and energy to North Korea. That obviously 

has not worked. 

We need to understand that North Korea is a vicious dictatorship 

and we should be taking the steps that will permit in some way 

a unification of Korea but under democratic government. And that 

means that we should be supporting people who will have an impact in North Korea rather than just thinking we will keep our 

troops there for another 50 years. 

Today we celebrate the 25th anniversary of Tiananmen Square. 

And celebrate, we commemorate, I should say, commemorate 

Tiananmen Square. We didn’t do the right thing there either, and 

we still have a dictatorship. It was a turning point 25 years ago 

that we could have sided with the people. And there was no price 

or penalty that the Chinese Communist regime has paid for this 

monstrous obliteration of freedom at Tiananmen Square 25 years 

ago. 

Let us note that behind Korea, behind the Government of Korea 

is the Government of China, the Communist Chinese Party of 

China. We as a country, we should do more than just think that 

our policies need to focus on providing a garrison at a point in the 

world that might be some kind of an area, a volatile area like 

Korea. 

But instead, we should be thinking about the power of liberty 

and justice and democracy and the ideals that our country was 

founded upon, and start finding people in those other countries 

who will ally ourselves with those values and start supporting 

them. That is the way we can bring about real change and not 

have to have our troops garrisoning various parts of the world. 

We appreciate again your resolutions on Korea, and Mr. Chairman, you have taken such a heartfelt position on this human trafficking, and we know that, and then again Afghanistan. Thank you 

for those three pieces of hard work on your and Mr. Engel’s part 

today. 

Chairman ROYCE. Well, thank you. Like Mr. Engel, I have been 

in North Korea, and our hearts go out to the people of North Korea 

in terms of what they have suffered through for the last three generations now of the dictatorship there. And our hope is that that 

situation will evolve into one where they have some modicum of 

human rights, some freedoms, some liberty. 

And it is our hope that between this legislation and what we 

passed a few weeks ago with respect to the revamping of the 

Broadcasting Board of Governors that we might be able to better 

broadcast into North Korea the types of messaging which might 

lead to the pressures for a respect for human rights in that country. 

129

The result of how one treats one’s own people is also indicative 

of how a regime will treat its neighbors, and that is one of the 

great problems for North Korea with respect to the horror of the 

human rights condition there. For those of us who have talked to 

those who have escaped out of the gulags, it is a numbing experience to hear people recount to you the types of stories we heard 

about concentration camps generations ago during the time of the 

Second World War and predating the War, to know that that happens today on a daily basis in North Korea, I think, is a heavy 

weight for all of us in the international community who feel some 

responsibility to try to do something about it to push North Korea 

in the right direction. 

We now go to Mr. Albio Sires from New Jersey. 

Mr. SIRES. Mr. Chairman, thank you very much. I just want to 

express how refreshing it is to have a chairman and a ranking 

member that work so well together, and all the members. This is 

truly an atmosphere of bi-partisanship especially against such a 

leader in the world. And I want to commend the members participating. And all the amendments, I support all three amendments. 

But I especially want to recognize my colleague, Congressman 

Connolly. He has been an outspoken member of this Congress 

against the North Koreans and their abuses, and his amendment 

today shows a great deal of sensitivity toward the 2 million Korean 

families that are in those countries. So I thank you, and I thank 

my colleague for all his work. 

Chairman ROYCE. Thank you, Mr. Sires. Any other members 

seeking recognition? 

Mr. Connolly? 

Mr. CONNOLLY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I thank you and 

Mr. Engel for scheduling this markup. We talked on the floor and 

I really appreciate you scheduling it. I thank you for your kind 

words, Mr. Engel, and yours as well, Mr. Sires. 

This legislation, I think, is an important symbol by the Congress 

that we are not going to stand idly by and allow the depredations 

and the unspeakable brutality of a regime that would make George 

Orwell pause in the systematic suppression of free thought, of freedom of any kind, in creating this system, state system, that has so 

degraded the human spirit. 

And whether it is the development of a nuclear capability or the 

tact as you said, Mr. Chairman, that their own internal policies 

clearly reflect their external policies. And we have seen that where 

they have engaged in provocative activity, they have actually engaged in acts of terrorism and violence against their neighbor in 

South Korea and others, and we must speak out. 

They have actually engaged of course in the—we talk about 

human trafficking today, legislation, and I also enthusiastically 

support—but the North Korea regime has actually degraded itself 

to the point of abducting individuals as part of their policy. And 

this regime has to fall, and the United States, as I said, must be 

a beacon of hope and freedom for those who suffer under its oppression. 

You mentioned, Mr. Chairman, the gulags in North Korea. It is 

estimated that as many as 200,000 North Koreans are being held 

against their will in such gulags. This is something we thought was 

130

over with at the end of the Stalin period 60 years ago, and yet here 

it is, persistent in the 21st century. 

And so I think this legislation is important not only for what it 

does in tightening sanctions against that regime, but in sending 

the strongest message I hope in a unanimous bipartisan basis by 

this Congress that we will stand shoulder to shoulder with the people of North Korea in their aspirations and hopes for a freer future. 

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I also want to finally echo the 

comments of my friend, Mr. Rohrabacher of California. It is such 

a refreshing and hopeful experience to come to this committee and 

see how work is conducted in a professional and bipartisan manner. I think it is a model for other committees in the Congress, and 

I commend you and your staff, Mr. Chairman, a delight to work 

with. And you, Mr. Engel, and your staff, similarly, a delight to 

work with. Thank you for your bipartisan leadership. 

Chairman ROYCE. Thank you, Mr. Connolly. I think that when 

we speak about the Orwellian system there, the late Christopher 

Hitchens wrote a piece, ‘‘Why Orwell Matters,’’ but I think of all 

that he has written about totalitarian regimes. His story about his 

trip into North Korea is one of the most riveting you can read, and 

the nightmarish conditions there that people struggle under is a reminder that all of us in the international sphere have some personal responsibility to make certain that we do all that we can do 

to see that some modicum of civilization comes to an area where 

people are beaten down the way they are in North Korea. 

I think Mr. Smith of New Jersey. 

Mr. SMITH. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, and thank you 

for bringing to the committee the North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act of 2014. I think there is a very dangerous propensity both 

in Congress and at the State Department to think that North 

Korea is so bad, its violations of human rights so egregious, and 

its isolation makes it so that people are tempted to do very little 

or nothing to engage it and to seek to bring light and scrutiny to 

these horrific abuses that go on each and every day in the past. 

Mr. Chairman, I have chaired four hearings on North Korean 

human rights, and we have actually heard from women who escaped from North Korea into China, only to be trafficked once they 

got to China. And then when they were forcibly repatriated, they 

were put into the gulag system, which you called for an important 

study on, the 200,000-plus people who are tortured in those terrible 

gulags and many of them have died. When you try to escape North 

Korea it is considered treasonous, and as a direct result those individuals are often tortured to death. 

I also want to thank you for again requiring that there be a comprehensive study about the gulag system. Again, we need to do 

more. We need to expose more. No tyrannical regime need be forever, and that goes for North Korea as well. 

Finally, I want to again thank Dr. King for the good work he has 

done. He is a former staff director here who has served very admirably and very effectively, but very much in isolation, the Ambassador to North Korea on behalf of human rights with regards to 

that country. His job has to be as frustrating as it gets. He is not 

allowed to visit Pyongyang, but he does do a wonderful job trying 

to keep the issue front and center. And again, he sat right over 

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here on the other side of the aisle as the democratic staff director 

for a whole lot of years, and let me express my deep respect for his 

work. 

And also we have got to keep obviously Kenneth Bae and his 

plight, the American who continues to be held in North Korea, and 

hopefully this kind of legislation will become an additional prod to 

effectuate his release. So again, thank you Mr. Chairman, and I 

yield back the balance. 

Chairman ROYCE. Thank you, Mr. Smith. 

We go now to Mr. Grayson of Florida. 

Mr. GRAYSON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. This measure regarding the Afghan election, the second round, is an important one. On 

May 11, 2013, in Kabul, the U.S. Deputy Secretary of State William Burns said that ‘‘a successful political transition is an essential prerequisite for sustainable security. It is vitally important 

that the election held next April be transparent, credible, and inclusive.’’

On July 9, 2013, the United States Senate unanimously agreed 

to a resolution stating that the Government of Afghanistan is 

urged ‘‘to ensure transparent and credible Presidential and provincial elections in April 2014 by adhering to internationally accepted 

democratic standards, establishing a transparent electoral process, 

and ensuring security for voters and candidates.’’

In the first round of these elections, voter participation increased 

from approximately 35 percent in the 2009 Presidential election to 

almost 60 percent in the election held in April, with the percentage 

of newly-registered female voters slightly increasing. 

The 2009 Afghan Presidential election experienced low female 

votes due to the insufficient number of female poll workers, and 

the U.N. Development Programme’s Law and Order Trust Fund for 

Afghanistan approved the Ministry of Interior request to fund the 

hiring of 13,000 female election security officers in order to bolster 

female voter turnout for the recent Presidential election. Yet, 40 

out of Afghanistan’s 407 districts still did not have female election 

staff due to security concerns. 

Twenty seven Afghans were killed on election day in 2009, and 

17 members of the Afghan National Security Forces were killed 

over the course of nearly 300 insurgent attacks carried out during 

the election held a few weeks ago. After the 2009 Presidential election, the Independent Electoral Commission ordered results from 

210 polling places be invalidated, and later, after investigating 570 

more polling stations quarantined by the IEC, found that all but 

18 should be invalidated as well. 

In the recent election, 809,349 votes cast for the first Presidential 

candidate, 165,339 cast for the second Presidential candidate, and 

39,555 cast for the third Presidential candidate during the June 

2014 election have been invalidated for fraud. 

The Independent Electoral Commission has performed behind 

closed doors instead of in front of international monitors, and information from that Commission was leaked to some candidates and 

not others. In addition to that, on the evening prior to the 2014 

Presidential election until 5 o’clock p.m. on election day, the Government of Afghanistan eliminated text messaging capabilities and 

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tions. The members of the National Democratic Institute were 

killed in an attack on the Serena Hotel in Kabul on March 20, 

2014, causing NDI to remove significant numbers of staff from Afghanistan and spreading fear among other monitors. 

It is very important to understand that while some candidates 

and some campaign staff have proclaimed that, should their opponents prevail, Afghanistan will be a less secure nation in which 

more civilians die, therefore creating a climate which is not conducive to democratic transition, our resolution seeks to address these 

problems and to solve these problems in meaningful ways. 

In advance of the Presidential election now to be held off the 

schedule for June 14th, we commend the Afghan people for completing the first round of a Presidential election while at the same 

time urging them toward a credible, inclusive, and transparent second round. Great lengths were taken in drafting this measure to 

ensure that it focused solely on the pending election, an event on 

which the House of Representatives has yet to comment. 

This measure does not delve into such issues as the appropriate 

number of coalition forces in Afghanistan. Instead, what it does 

simply is commend the Afghan people simply for completing the 

first round of elections, albeit in a somewhat flawed fashion, and 

supporting that the Commission is responsible for ensuring transparent and fair voting. 

We encourage the Government of Afghanistan to pursue measures that will increase female voter participation. We urge the Government of Afghanistan to take all necessary steps to combat fraud 

during the election, including preserving the text messaging capabilities that the visitors and observers find so essential to be able 

perform their functions properly. And we recognize the important 

role that Afghan National Security Forces, NATO forces, and currently, American forces have had and will have ensuring safety on 

voting day. 

Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman ROYCE. Thank you, Mr. Grayson. We go now to Ms. 

Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii. 

Ms. GABBARD. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I am in 

support of all three of the items that we are marking up today, but 

want to speak very briefly with connection to H.R. 1771, the North 

Korean Sanctions Enforcement Act. And like my colleagues, thank 

you and our ranking member for your leadership on this, and especially your remarks that opened up this conversation today. 

Much has been said very eloquently about the human rights violations that are occurring in North Korea, but specifically, the fact 

that strategic patience, the time for that has come and gone. We 

can talk about the threat that North Korea has to the region that 

it is one of the primary causes of instability within the Asia Pacific 

region. 

I was there in Japan, South Korea, and China last month, and 

heard in each of those three places, both from our military as well 

as folks on the ground there that the threat that North Korea continues to provide is one of the most destabilizing factors, inhibiting 

economic growth and opportunity in the region. But this is also 

something that hits very close to home. 

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You mentioned the intercontinental ballistic missile tests, the 

continued growing capabilities of North Korea, and how every time 

we go through this cycle of threats and then some kind of talk of 

negotiations and finding a peaceful path through this, which ideally is what we all would like, North Korea’s capabilities continue to 

grow. 

It is a great disservice to our country when North Korea makes 

threats that we have people here at home saying they are not close 

enough or their threats are not serious or they are not actually 

threatening the United States. They are actually threatening us 

very directly. States like mine in Hawaii do fall within the range 

of the ICBMs that they are developing. 

So when we talk about the need for stronger sanctions, the need 

to look back to the hard currency sanctions that have worked in 

the past, this is something that is very real. And it is very real to 

American citizens, it is very real to the military assets that we 

have in our own country, and is critical for our own national security and the safety of our people that we take this seriously and 

understand that this is a threat that is urgent today, not something that we can continue to wait and be patient on to deal with 

in the future. 

So I appreciate your leadership and your hard and thoughtful 

work on this, and on behalf of the people of my State of Hawaii, 

extend my gratitude. Thank you very much. 

Chairman ROYCE. Thank you, Ms. Gabbard. We are going to go 

now to Mr. Ted Poe, Judge Ted Poe of Texas. 

Mr. POE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you for bringing all 

of these bills before the committee today. I would like to speak specifically on H.R. 4449, the Trafficking Prevention Act, by Mr. 

Maloney. 

This requires training of State Department officials, and I wanted to emphasize the importance of the training to recognize especially overseas victims that are trafficked into the United States, 

specifically minor children: Not only that we recognize who those 

children are, but we also need to have training. State Department 

officials need to have training on recognizing the problem of the demand, whether that demand occurs by Americans or someone else 

overseas for this scourge of human trafficking. 

So this is a good piece of legislation. Education and training on 

human trafficking is critical for us on a worldwide basis to stop 

this criminal conduct, this scourge, but it also includes training to 

recognize the problem and the issue of the demand sector. And 

with that I will yield back. 

Chairman ROYCE. Thank you, Mr. Poe. We go now Mr. Joaquin 

Castro of Texas. 

Mr. CASTRO. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and I want to thank you 

and Ranking Member Engel for including my amendment to H.R. 

1771 in the en bloc package. 

Recently a U.N. panel recommended that the international community must significantly improve enforcement of existing resolutions particularly relating to cargo inspections at air and sea ports. 

Recognizing that there are enforcement gaps, my amendment urges 

the United States to strengthen the capacity of responsible nations 

to monitor and intercept shipments to and from North Korea that 

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provide them cash as well as technology and material for its nuclear and ballistic missiles program. 

I encourage my colleagues of course to support the amendment 

and I thank you all for your support. I yield back. 

Chairman ROYCE. Thank you, Mr. Castro. Hearing no further requests for recognition, the question occurs on the items considered 

en bloc. All those in favor say aye. 

All those opposed, no. 

In the opinion of the Chair the ayes have it. The measures are 

considered en bloc. That would be H.R. 1771, H.R. 4449, and House 

Resolution 600. They are agreed to as amended, and without objection each of the measures as amended is ordered favorably reported 

as a single amendment in the nature of a substitute. Staff is directed to make any technical and conforming changes, and that 

concludes business for today. 

I want to thank our ranking member, Eliot Engel, and all of our 

committee members for their contributions and for their assistance, 

and this committee is adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 10:45 a.m., the committee was adjourned.] 

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