2010 ANNUAL REPORT 



to the 



GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA, UNITED STATES, 
SASKATCHEWAN AND MONTANA 



by the 

POPLAR RIVER 

BILATERAL MONITORING 

COMMITTEE 




MISSOURI - 



RfVER 



COVERING CALENDAR YEAR 2010 



June 2011 



Montana State Library 



3 0864 1006 4282 9 



Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee 



Department of State 
Washington, D.C., United States 

Governor's Office 

State of Montana 

Helena, Montana, United States 



Department of Foreign Affairs 
and International Trade Canada 
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 

Saskatchewan Environment 
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada 



Ladies and Gentlemen: 

Herein is the 30th Annual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. This report discusses 
the Committee activities of 2010 and presents the Technical Monitoring Schedules for the year 2011 . 

During 2010, the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee continued to fulfill the responsibilities 
assigned by the governments under the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Agreement dated September 
23, 1980. Through exchange of Diplomatic Notes, the Arrangement was extended in March 1987, July 1992, 
July 1997, March 2002, and April 2007. The Monitoring Committee is currently extended to March 2012. 

The enclosed report summarizes current water-quality conditions and compares them to guidelines for 
specific parameter values that were developed by the International Joint Commission (IJC) under the 1977 
Reference fi-om Canada and the United States. After evaluation of the monitoring information for 2010, the 
Committee finds that the measured conditions meet the recommended objectives. 

Based on IJC recommendations, the United States was entitled to an on-demand release of 617 dam^ (500 
acre-feet) fi-om Cookson Reservoir during 2010. A volume of 599 dam^ (486 acre-feet), in addition to the 
minimum flow, was delivered to the United States between May 1 and May 31, 2010. In addition, daily 
flows in 2010 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the IJC for most of the year except for 
January 1-12 when daily flows were below the recommended minimum due to ice conditions in the channel. 

During 2010, monitoring continued in accordance with Technical Monitoring Schedules outlined in the 2009 
Annual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. 



Yours sincerely. 





A/^^ 



M. Kilpatrick 
lairman. United States Section 



Mike Renouf 
Chairman, Canadi 





ection 



Tim Daws 

Member, United States Section 




!g AoKman 
Memb^, Canadian Section 



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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Highlights for 20 10 lii 

1.0 Introduction 1 

2.0 Committee Activities 2 

2.1 Membership 2 

2.2 Meetings 2 

2.3 Review of Water-Quality Objectives 3 

2.4 Data Exchange 4 

2.5 Water-Quality Monitoring Responsibilities 4 

3.0 Water and Air: Monitoring and hiterpretations 6 

3.1 Poplar River Power Station Operation 6 

3.2 Surface Water 6 

3.2.1 Streaiiiflow 6 

3.2.2 Apportionment 7 

3.2.3 Minimum Flows 8 

3.2.4 On-Demand Release 9 

3.2.5 Surface-Water Quality 10 

3.2.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 11 

3.2.5.2 Boron 14 

3.2.5.3 Other Water-Quality Objectives 17 

3.3 Groundwater 19 

3.3.1 Operations-Saskatchewan 19 

3.3.2 Ground- Water Monitoring 21 

3.3.2.1 Saskatchewan 21 

3.3.2.2 Montana 23 

3.3.3 Ground- Water Quality 25 

3.3.3.1 Saskatchewan 25 

3.3.3.2 Montana 28 

3.4 Cookson Reservoir 29 

3.4.1 Storage 29 

3.4.2 Water Quality 31 

3.5 Air Quality 32 

3.6 Quality Control 32 

3.6.1 Streamflow 32 

3.6.2 Water Quality 32 

ANNEXES 

1.0 Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement, Canada-United States Al 

2.0 Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement, Technical 

Monitoring Schedules, 2010, Canada-United States A2 

3.0 Recommended Flow Apportionment in the Poplar River Basin A3 

4.0 Conversion Factors A4 



TABLES 



Table 2.1 


Table 3.1 


Table 3.2 


Table 3.3 


Table 3.4 


Table 3.5 



Water-Quality Objectives 5 

Recommended Water-Quality Objectives and Excursions, 2010 Sampling 

Program, East Poplar River at International Boundary 18 

Geologic Formation Name Equivalence between Saskatchewan and Montana 21 

Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Supplementary Water Supply 

Project Wells 25 

Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Soil Salinity Project Wells Sampled 

at the Discharge Pipe 26 

Cookson Reservoir Storage Statistics for 2010 29 



FIGURES 

Figure 3.1 Monthly Mean Discharge During 2010 as Compared with the Median Monthly Mean 

Discharge from 1931-2009 for the Poplar River at International Boundary 7 

Figure 3.2 Flow Hydrograph of the East Poplar River at International Boundary 8 

Figure 3.3 Cumulative Volume Hydrograph of On-Demand Release 9 

Figure 3.4 Estimated TDS Concentration During 2010 for East Poplar River at International 

Boundary 12 

Figure 3.5 Three-Month Moving Flow- Weighted Average Estimated TDS Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boundary 12 

Figure 3.6 Five-Year Moving Flow-Weighted Average Estimated TDS Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boundary 13 

Figure 3.7 Statistically Estimated Daily TDS Concentration, Calendar Years 1990 to 2010, for East 

Poplar River at International Boundary 13 

Figure 3.8 Estimated Boron Concentration During 2010 for East Poplar River at International 

Boundary 15 

Figure 3.9 Three-Month Moving Flow- Weighted Average Estimated Boron Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boundary 15 

Figure 3.10 Five-Year Moving Flow-Weighted Average Estimated Boron Concentration for 

East Poplar River at International Boundary (Statistically Estimated) 16 

Figure 3.11 Statistically Estimated Daily Boron Concentration, Calendar Years 1990 to 2010, for East 

Poplar River at International Boundary 16 

Figure 3.12 Annual Pumpage by the Poplar River Power Station's Supplementary Water Supply.. 19 

Figure 3.13 Annual Pumpage from Soil Salinity Project 20 

Figure 3.14 Hydrograph of Selected Wells Completed in the Hart Coal Seam 21 

Figure 3.15 Hydrograph of Selected Wells Completed in the Hart Coal Seam 22 

Figure 3.16 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Fort Union and Hart Coal Aquifers 23 

Figure 3.17 Hydrograph of Selected Wells - Alluvium and Fox Hills/Hell Creek Aquifers 24 

Figure 3.18 Total Dissolved Solids in Samples from Montana Wells 28 

Figure 3.19 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Levels for 2010 and Median 

Daily Water Levels, 2001-2010 30 

Figure 3.20 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Storage for 2010 and Median 

Daily Storage, 200 1-20 10 31 



11 



HIGHLIGHTS FOR 201 1 

The Poplar River Power Station completed its twenty-seventh full year of operation in 2010. The two 300- 
megawatt coal-fired units generated 4,525,074 gross megawatts (MW) of electricity. The average capacity 
factors for Units No. 1 and 2 were 79.2 percent and 84.8 percent, respectively. The capacity factors are based 
on the maximum generating rating of 315 MW/hour for both Unit No. 1 and Unit No. 2. The scheduled 
maintenance outage for Unit 1 and 2 were completed in the spring and fall of 2010 so as not to coincide with 
system peak demand periods that occur over the summer and winter periods. 

Monitoring information collected in both Canada and the United States during 2010 was exchanged in the 
spring of 201 1. 

The recorded volume of the Poplar River at International Boundary from March 1 to May 31, 2010 was 
5,420 dam (4,400 acrc-fect). Based on IJC recommendations and the assumption that the recorded flow 
is the natural flow, the United States was entitled to a minimum discharge on the East Poplar River of 
0.057 cubic metres per second (m7s) (2.0 cubic feet per second (ft /s)) for the period June 1, 2010 to 
August 31, 2010, and 0.028 mVs (1.0 ftVs ) for the period September 1, 2010 to May 31, 2011. The 
minimum entitled flow for the period January 1 to May 31, 2010 was 0.057 m /s (2.0 ft /s), detennined 
on the basis of the Poplar River flow volume for March 1 to May 3 1 , 2009. 

Daily flows during 2010 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the IJC for most of the 
year except for January 1-12 when daily flows were below the recommended minimum due to ice 
conditions in the channel. 

In addition to the minimum flow, the IJC apportionment recommendation entitles Montana to an on- 
demand release to be delivered in the East Poplar River during the twelve-month period commencing 
June 1. Based on the March 1 to May 31, 2009 mnoff volume of 13,560 dam^ (11,000 acre-feet) 
recorded at the Poplar River at International Boundary gauging station, Montana was entitled to an 
additional release of 617 dam" (500 acre-feet) from Cookson Reservoir during the succeeding twelve- 
month period commencing June 1, 2009. Montana requested this release to be made between May 1 and 
May 31, 2010. A volume of 599 dam^ (486 acre-feet), in addition to the minimum flow, was delivered 
during this period. 

The 2010 five-year flow-weighted TDS concentrations were below the long-term objective of 1,000 
milligrams per litre (mg/L). The maximum monthly five-year estimated flow-weighted concentration value 
in 2010 was about 987 mg/L which was similar to value calculated in 2009. The 2010 five-year estimated 
flow-weighted boron concentrations remained well below the long-temi objective of 2.5 mg/L. 



ni 



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1.0 INTRODUCTION 

The Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee was authorized for an initial period of five years by 
the Governments of Canada and the United States under the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring 
Arrangement dated September 23, 1980. A copy of the Arrangement is attached to this report as 
Annex 1. Through exchange of Diplomatic Notes, the Arrangement was extended in March 1987, July 
1992, July 1997, March 2002, and April 2007. The Monitoring Committee is currently extended to 
March 2012. A more detailed account of the historical background of the Monitoring Arrangement is 
contained in the 1990 Annual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. 

The Committee oversees monitoring programs designed to evaluate the potential for transboundary 
impacts from SaskPower's (formerly Saskatchewan Power Corporation) coal-fired thermal generating 
station and ancillary operations near Coronach, Saskatchewan. Monitoring is conducted in Canada 
and the United States at or near the International Boundary for quantity and quality of surface and 
ground water and for air quality. Participants from both countries, including Federal, State and 
Provincial agencies, are involved in monitoring. 

The Committee submits an annual report to Governments which summarizes the monitoring results, 
evaluates apparent trends, and compares the data to objectives or standards recommended by the 
International Joint Commission (IJC) to Governments, or relevant State, Provincial, or Federal 
standards. The Committee reports to Governments on a calendar year basis. The Committee is also 
responsible for drawing to the attention of Governments definitive changes in monitored parameters 
which may require immediate attention. 

A responsibility of the Committee is to review the adequacy of the monitoring programs in both 
countries and make recommendations to Governments on the Technical Monitoring Schedules. The 
Schedules are updated annually for new and discontinued programs and for modifications in sampling 
frequencies, parameter lists, and analytical tecliniques of ongoing programs. The Technical 
Monitoring Schedules listed in the annual report (Annex 2) are given for the year 2011. The 
Committee will continue to review and propose changes to the Technical Monitoring Schedules as 
information requirements change. 



2.0 COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES 

2.1 Membership 

The Committee is composed of representatives of the Goveniments of the United States of America 
and Canada, the State Government of Montana, and the Provincial Government of Saskatchewan. In 
addition to the representatives of Governments, two ex-officio members serve as local representatives 
for the State of Montana and Province of Saskatchewan. 

During 2010, the members of the Committee included: Mr. J. Kilpatrick, U.S. Geological Survey, 
United States representative and Co-chair; Mr. M. Renouf, Environment Canada, Canadian 
representative and Co-chair; Mr. Tim Davis, Montana Department of Natural Resources and 
Conservation, Montana representative; Mr. G. Adilman, Saskatchewan Environment, Saskatchewan 
representative; Mr. C. W. Tande, Daniels County Commissioner, Montana local ex-officio 
representative; and Mr. D. Kirby, Reeve, R.M. of Hart Butte, Saskatchewan local ex-officio 
representative. 

2.2 Meetings 

The Committee met on June 22, 2010 in Coronach, Saskatchewan. Delegated representatives of 
Governments, with the exception of the ex-officio members from Montana and Saskatchewan, 
participated in the meeting. In addition to Committee members, several technical advisors representing 
Federal, State, and Provincial agencies also participated. Committee members reviewed the operational 
status of the Poplar River Power Station and associated coal-mining activities; examined data collected 
in 2009 including surface-water quality and quantity, ground-water quality and quantity, and air 
quality; discussed proposed changes in the water-quality sampling program; and established the 
Technical Monitoring Schedules for the year 201 1. 



2.3 Review of Water-Quality Objectives 

The International Joint Commission in its Report to Governments, titled "Water Quality in the Poplar 
River Basin," recommended that the Committee periodically review the water-quality objectives 
within the overall Basin context and recommend new and revised objectives as appropriate, hi 1991, 
an action item from the annual Committee meeting set in motion the review and revision of the water- 
quality objectives. 

In 1993, the Committee approved changes in water-quality objectives recommended by the 
subcommittee that was formed in 1992 to review the objectives. The Committee also discussed the 
water-quality objectives for 5-year and 3-month flow-weighted concentrations for total dissolved 
solids and boron. Although the Committee agreed that calculation procedures to determine flow- 
weighted concentrations are time consuming and probably scientifically questionable, no consensus 
was reached on alternative objectives or procedures. 

hi 1997, the Committee agreed to suspend the monitoring and reporting of several parameters. The 
parameters affected were: dissolved aluminum, un-ionized ammonia, total chromium, dissolved 
copper, mercury in fish tissues, fecal coliform, and total colifonn. The Committee also agreed to other 
minor revisions for clarification purposes; for example, changing the designation for pH from 
"natural" to "ambient". 

In 1999, the Committee replaced the term "discontinued" with "suspended" in Table 2.1. 

In 2001, the Committee suspended the monitoring of dissolved mercury and total copper. This 
decision was based on data indicating concentrations or levels well below or within the objectives. 
Current objectives approved by the Committee are hsted in Table 2.1. 

The Committee also agreed to periodically review all parameters for which monitoring has been 
suspended. 

Another responsibility of the Committee has included an ongoing exchange of data acquired through 
the monitoring programs. Exchanged data and reports are available for public viewing at the agencies 
of the participating governments or from Committee members. 



2.4 Data Exchange 

The Committee is responsible for assuring exchange of data between governments. The exchange of 
monitoring infonnation was initiated in the first quarter of 1981 and was an expansion of the informal 
quarterly exchange program initiated between the United States and Canada in 1976. Until 1991, data 
were exchanged quarterly. At the request of the Committee, the United States and Canada agreed to 
replace the quarterly exchange of data with an annual exchange effective at the beginning of the 1 992 
calendar year. Henceforth, data will be exchanged once each year as soon after the end of the calendar 
year as possible. However, unusual conditions or anomalous data will be reported and exchanged 
whenever warranted. No unusual conditions occurred during 20 1 which warranted special reporting. 

2.5 Water-Quality Monitoring Responsibilities 

Environment Canada has agreed to take responsibility of repairing the continuous water-quality 
monitor installed at the East Poplar station at the International Boundary. The continuous water-quality 
monitor records daily specific conductance values which are used in the computation of TDS and 
boron values to monitor water quality in the East Poplar River. In the absence of regular monthly grab 
water-quality samples, the Committee has agreed to utilize the data collected by the continuous water- 
quality monitor for its surface-water-quality monitoring program. 

The uses, in cooperation with the Fort Peck Tribes, previously collected water-quality samples four 
times per year to supplement the daily specific conductance data collected by the continuous water- 
quality monitor. 



Table 2.1 Water-Quality Objectives 



Parameter 


Original 
Objective 


Recommendation 


Current 
Objective 


Boron, total 


3.5/2.5' 


Continue as is 


3.5/2.5' 


TDS 


1,500/1,000' 


Continue as is 


1,500/1,000' 


Aluminum, dissolved 


0.1 


Suspended* 


— 


Ammonia, un-ionized 


0.02 


Suspended* 


— 


Cadmium, total 


0.0012 


Continue as is 


0.0012 


Chromium, total 


0.05 


Suspended* 


— 


Copper, dissolved 


0.005 


Suspended* 


— 


Copper, total 


I 


Suspended* 


— 


Fluoride, dissolved 


1.5 


Continue as is 


1.5 


Lead, total 


0.03 


Continue as is 


0.03 


Mercury, dissolved 


0.0002 


Suspended* 


— 


Mercury, ilsh (mg/kg) 


0.5 


Suspended* 


— 


Nitrate 


10 


Continue as is 


10 


Oxygen, dissolved 


4.0/5.0- 


Objective applies only during open 
water 


4.0/5.0- 


SAR (units) 


10 


Continue as is 


10 


Sulfate, dissolved 


800 


Continue as is 


800 


Zinc, total 


0.03 


Continue as is 


0.03 


Water temperature (C) 


30.0' 


Continue as is 


30.0- 


pH (units) 


6.5^ 


Continue as is 


6.5^ 


ColifonTi(no./100mL) 








Fecal 


2,000 


Suspended* 




Total 


20,000 


Suspended* 


— 


Units in mg/L except as noted. 

1. Five-year average of flow-weighted concentrations (March to October) should be<2.5 boron, < 1.000 TDS. 

Three-month average of flow-weighted concentration should be <3.5 boron and <1,500 TDS. 

2. 5.0 (minimum April 10 to May 15), 4.0 (minimum remainder of year - Fish Spawning). 

3. Natural tempcramre (April 10 to May 15), <30 degree Celsius (remainder of year) 

4. Less than 0.5 pH units above ambient, minimum pH=6.5. 



*Suspended after review of historic data found sample concentrations consistently below the objective. The Committee will periodically 
review status of suspended objectives. 



3.0 WATER AND AIR: MONITORING AND INTERPRETATIONS 

3.1 Poplar River Power Station Operation 

Saskatchewan Power Corporation (SaskPower) operates the Poplar River Power Station near the 
town on Coronach, Saskatchewan. The Poplar River Power Station is comprised of two lignite- 
burning power generating units designated Unit No. 1 and Unit No. 2. Unit No. 1 is rated as a 3 15 
MW/hour generating unit and Unit No. 2 is rated as a 315 MW/hour generating unit. Both units 
share a common 122 metres (m) (400 feet (ft)) tall stack. 

In 2010 both units were operated as base load units supplying the maximum production except 
when system constraint and outages dictated otherwise. The scheduled maintenance outages for 
Unit No. 1 and Unit No. 2 were completed in the spring and fall of 2010 so as not to coincide with 
system peak demand periods that occur over the summer and winter periods. 

Between January 1 and December 31, Poplar River Power Station generated 4,525,074 MW hours. 
During this time approximately 3,480,815 tonnes of coal and 3,838 m" (1,014,000 gallons) of fuel 
oil were consumed. The average capacity factors for Unit No. 1 and Unit No. 2 were 79.2% and 
84.8% respectively. 

3.2 Surface Water 
3.2.1 Streamflow 



Streamflow in the Poplar River basin was normal in 2010. The March to October recorded flow of 
the Poplar River at International Boundary, an indicator of natural flow in the basin, was 8,620 
cubic decametres (dam"*) (6,990 acre-feet), which was 86 percent of the 1931-2009 median 
seasonal flow of 10,070 dam (8,160 acre-feet). A comparison of 2010 monthly mean discharge 
with the 1 93 1 -2009 median monthly mean discharge is shown in Figure 3.1. 



1.5 



0.5 







-O- Median of Monthly Mean Discharge for 1931-2009 


- 




— O — Monthly Mean Discharge for 2010 


L 


"<^-, / 


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-o \ 






'"&- — -—<> ' X -- ? 



70 



35 



Mar 



Apr 



May 



Jun 



Jul 



Aug 



Sep 



Oct 



Figure 3.1 Monthly Mean Discharge During 2010 as Compared with the Median Monthly 
Mean Discharge from 1931-2009 for the Poplar River at International Boundary, 



The 2010 recorded flow volume of the East Poplar River at International Boundary was 2,820 
dam^ (2,290 acre-feet). This volume is 108 percent of the median annual flow of 2,620 dam^ 
(2,120 acre-feet) for 1976-2009 (since the completion of Morrison Dam). 



3.2.2 Apportionment 



In 1976 the International Souris-Red Rivers Engineering Board, through its Poplar River Task 
Force, completed an investigation and made a recommendation to the Governments of Canada and 
the United States regarding the apportionment of waters of the Poplar River basin. Although the 
recommendations have not been officially adopted, the Province of Saskatchewan has adhered to 
the apportionment recommendations. Annex 3 contains the apportionment recommendation. 



3.2.3 Minimum Flows 

The recorded volume of the Poplar River at International Boundary from March 1 to May 31, 
2010 was 5,420 dam (4,400 acre-feet). Based on IJC recommendations and the assumption that 
the recorded flow is the natural flow, the United States was entitled to a minimum discharge on 
the East Poplar River of 0.057 cubic metres per second (mVs) (2.0 cubic feet per second (ft /s)) for 
the period June 1, 2010 to August 31, 2010, and 0.028 mVs (1.0 ftVs ) for the period September 1, 
2010 to May 31, 201 1. The minimum entitled flow for the period January 1 to May 31, 2010 was 
0.057 mVs (2.0 ftVs), determined on the basis of the Poplar River flow volume for March 1 to 
May 31, 2009. A hydrograph for the East Poplar River at International Boundary and the 
minimum flow as recommended by the IJC are shown in Figure 3.2. 

Daily flows during 2010 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the IJC for most of 
Ihc year except for January 1-12 when daily flows were below the recommended minimum due to 
ice conditions in the channel. 




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2010 



Figure 3.2 Flow Hydrograph of the East Poplar River at International Boundary. 



3.2.4 On-Demand Release 

In addition to the minimum flow, the IJC apportionment recommendation entitles Montana to an 
on-demand release to be delivered in the East Poplar River during the twelve-month period 
commencing June 1. Based on the March 1 to May 31, 2009 runoff volume of 13,560 dam'' 
(11,000 acre-feet) recorded at the Poplar River at International Boundary gauging station, 
Montana was entitled to an additional release of 617 dam (500 acre-feet) from Cookson Reservoir 
during the succeeding twelve-month period commencing June 1, 2009. Montana requested this 
release to be made between May 1 and May 31, 2010. A volume of 599 dam^ (486 acre-feet), in 
addition to the minimum flow, was delivered during this period. A hydrograph showing 
cumulative volume of the on-demand release request and on-demand release delivery made at the 
East Poplar River at International Boundary is shown in Figure 3.3. 



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Figure 3.3 Cumulative Volume Hydrograph of On-Demand Release. 



3.2.5 Surface-Water Quality 

The 1 98 1 report by the IJC to Governments recommended: 

For the March to October period, the maximum flow-weighted concentrations should not exceed 
3.5 milligrams per litre (mg/L) for boron and 1,500 mg/L for TDS for any three consecutive 
months in the East Poplar River at the International Boundary. For the March to October period, 
the long-term average ofjlow-weighted concentrations should be 2.5 mg/L or less for boron, and 
J, 000 mg/L or less for TDS in the East Poplar River at the International Boundary. 

For the period prior to 1982, the three-month moving flow-weighted concentration (FWC) for 
boron and total dissolved solids (TDS) was calculated solely from monthly water-quality 
monitoring results. Since the beginning of 1982, the USGS has monitored specific conductance 
daily in the East Poplar River at the International Boundary, making it possible to estimate boron 
and TDS concentrations using a linear regression relationship with specific conductance. 

In 2003, the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee decided to suspend much of the water- 
quality sampling program until it is warranted again. All surface-water-quality sample collection 
by Environment Canada has been suspended at the East Poplar River boundary station. The 
Committee has agreed to use the continuous data collected by the specific-conductance monitor as 
a surrogate for the monthly water-quality sampling program. Hence, the three-month FWC for 
TDS and boron in 2010 were calculated using the two established equations (shown later in text) 
and the continuous specific-conductance data collected at the East Poplar River at the International 
Boundary. 

The Bilateral Monitoring Committee adopted the approach that, for the purpose of comparison 
with the proposed IJC long-term objectives, the boron and TDS data are best plotted as a five-year 
moving FWC which is advanced one month at a time. 

Prior to 1988, long-term averages were calculated for a five-year period in which 2.5 years 
preceded and 2.5 years followed each plotted point. Beginning in 1988, the FWC was calculated 
from the 5-year period preceding each plotted point. For example, the FWC for December 2010 is 
calculated from data generated over the period December 2003 to December 2010. The 
calculations are based on the results of samples collected throughout the year, and are not 
restricted to only those collected during the months bracketing the period of irrigation (March to 
October) each year. 

After the regular monthly discrete sampling program was suspended in 2003, the USGS continued 
to collect four discrete samples per year until 2010, when due to a lack of funding no samples 
were obtained. Therefore, all the water quality analyses shown in this report were derived solely 
from the recorded daily specific conductance data and the two established regression equations for 
TDS and boron. 



10 



3.2.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 

TDS is inversely related to streamflow at the East Poplar River at the International Boundary 
station. During periods of high runoff such as spring freshet, TDS decreases as the proportion of 
streamflow derived from ground water decreases. Conversely, during times of low streamflow 
(late summer, winter) the contribution of ground water to streamflow is proportionally greater. 
Because the ground water entering the river has a higher ionic strength than the surface water, the 
TDS of the stream increases markedly during low-flow conditions. 

Estimated TDS concentrations for 2010 for East Poplar River at the hitemational Boundary are 
shown in Figure 3.4. The TDS concentrations ranged from 791 mg/L on January 15 to 1,041 mg/L 
on December 15. The three-month moving FWC for TDS for the period of 1990-2010 is presented 
in Figure 3.5. The short-term TDS objective has not been exceeded during the period of record. 

The five-year moving estimated FWC for TDS (Figure 3.6) did not exceed the long-term objective 
of 1,000 mg/L in 2010. The maximum monthly five-year estimated FWC in 2010 was about 987 
mg/L, similar to the value observed in 2009. Dissolved solids concentrations in 2010 were similar 
to those recorded and estimated in 2009. In general, low spring runoff and higher contribution 
from ground water have kept the TDS level close to the long-term objective of 1 ,000 mg/L. 

The daily TDS values, as estimated by linear regression from the daily specific-conductance 
readings, for the period January 1991 through December 2010 are shown in Figure 3.7. The figure 
shows an abrupt drop in estimated TDS corresponding to the snowmelt runoff occurring during 
the spring of each year. Please note that no daily specific-conductance readings were available 
during the February 12 to May 5, 2010 period and TDS could not be estimated for that period. 

The relationship between TDS and specific conductance based upon data collected from 1974 to 
2003 is as follows; 

TDS = (0.624613813 x specific conductance) + 35.1841527 
(R^ = 0.84, n = 617) 

Note: The above equation was used to estimate TDS concentrations for the E. Poplar River at 
the International Boundary for 2010. These estimates are used in the current annual water- 
quality report 



11 



1200 



1000 





son 


(A 




-o 




o 




w 




"O 




^ 


600 


S! 




in 




Q 




3 


400 


o 





<r-791 



200 



♦ 1028 



^041 



» 99 1 



♦ y»^ ♦ 960 ♦ 972 ♦ 966 



♦ yu4 



♦ 822 ♦ 8?? ♦ 822 



A 



♦ Statistically Estimated from Average Mid-Month Specific Conductance Values 



u. 



CD 



in 



(0 

uS 



uS 






o 

in 



Figure 3.4: Estimated TDS Concentration During 2010 
for East Poplar River at the International Boundary 



1800 



1600 



J 400 



600 



400 



200 



Sh o rt-term O bj ecti ve 




-iMirT i / % 




"• Analytically Determined fiom a Discrete Sample 

- • — Statistically Estimated using Average Mid-Month Specific Conductance Values 



CM 


m 


■^ 


in 


to 


1^ 


oo 


o> 


o 


a> 


o> 


05 


05 


CO 


o> 


O) 


O) 


o 



CN 


CO 


^ 


in 


CO 


t^ 


00 


O) 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 



Figure 3.5: Three-Month Moving Flow- Weighted Average Estimated TDS 
Concentration for East Poplar River at the International Boundary 



12 



1600 



1400 



1200 



? 








1 

o 


1000 


<2 
1 


800 


Si 




<fl 




Q 


600 


TO 




O 







































Long-term Objective 












/ 




^ 






















=J 


' 






/ 
























— L 




— 


<N 


m 


■q- 


v^ 


\D 


1^ 


00 


OS 


o 




<N 


L. 


•<r 


v^ 


VO 


r- 


00 


Ov 


o 


— 




o 


o\ 


0\ 


0\ 


On 


o\ 


o\ 


On 


o\ 


o 


o 


O 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


O 




— 


a 


a 


a 


c 


C 


a 


c 


a 


a 


a 


c 


a 


c 


c 


c 


a 


c 


c 


C 


a 


a 


^ 


^ 


ca 


a 


BJ 


a 


ca 


.5 


ca 


rt 


m 


cd 


5 


ed 


5 


a 


rt 


efl 


CO 


^ 




rt 



400 



200 



Figure 3.6: Five-Year Moving Flow-Weighted Average Estimated TDS Concentration for 
EastPoplarRiver atthe International Boundary 




MmhlfM^ 



in 
o 


O 


o 


§ 


§ 


O 


^ 


c 

CD 


c 


c 


C 


C 


C 
CD 


C 



s 



Figure 3.7: Statistically Estimated Daily TDS Concentration, CalendarYears 1991 to 2010, 
for East Poplar River at the International Boundary 



13 



3.2.5.2 Boron 

All the boron concentrations presented below were estimated using the boron equation that was 
developed from water-quality samples collected from 1974-2003 and the daily specific 
conductance data collected by the specific-conductance monitor. Figure 3.8 shows that during 
2010 estimated monthly-mean dissolved boron concentrations in the East Poplar at the 
International Boundary varied from 1.51 mg/L on January 15 to 2.03 mg/L on December 15. 

The 3-month flow- weighted concentration (FWC) for boron for the period of 1990-2010 is shown 
in Figure 3.9. The short-term objective of 3.5 mg/L has not been exceeded over the period 1975 to 
2010. It can be seen, at least until 2009, that the concentrations measured in water-quality 
samples and those estimated using regression equations describing a statistical relation between 
boron concenfration and specific conductance are similar, with the highs and lows in some degree 
of correspondence. This suggests that using regression equations to estimate boron and TDS 
concentrations based on specific conductance measurements, is in general terms, a valid procedure 
despite problems which arise from attempting to generate representative concentration and flow 
data for an entire month, based on a limited number of samples. 

The 5 -year moving FWC for boron (Figure 3.10) remained well below the long-term objective of 
2.5 mg/L during 2010. 

Boron concenfrations are not as well-correlated with specific conductance as TDS. Boron is a 
relatively minor ion, and does not in itself contribute to a large degree to the total load of dissolved 
constituents in the water. Accordingly, it appears likely that the standard deviation of dissolved 
boron (relative to the long-term mean boron concenfration) may be greater than that of the major 
cations (sodium, potassium, and magnesium) and anions (sulphate, bicarbonate, and chloride) 
around their respective long-term mean concenfrations. Daily boron concentrations for the period 
of 1 990-20 1 are shown in Figure 3.11. 

The relationship between boron and specific conductance applied to data collected from 1974 to 
2003 is as follows: 

Boron = (0.00129 x specific conductance) - 0.04709 
(R^ = 0.57, n = 617) 

Note: The above equation was used to estimate boron concentrations for the E. Poplar River at 
the International Boundary for 2010. These estimates are used in the current annual water- 
quality report. 



14 



3.5 



£ 2.5 



& 2 



1. 

1 

0.5 



-♦-^- 



♦ 1.93 ♦ 1.91 « 186 ♦ 1.89 ♦ 1.88 ♦ 1-91 



5 ,, i>;i ♦ 1.58 ♦ISA ♦158 



(x. 



♦ Statistically Estimated from Average Mid-Month Specific Conductance Values 



^ 

S 



00 

3 
< 



> 

o 



-!► 2.03 



Q 



Figure 3.8: Estimated Boron Concentration During 2010 

for EastPoplar River at the International Boundary 



3.5 



0.5 



Short-termObjective 




Analytically Determined from a DistTete Sample 
Statistically Estimated using Specific Conductance Values 



Figure 3.9: Three-Month Moving Flow-Weighted Average Estimated Boron 
Concentration for East Poplar Riveratthe International Boundary 



15 



2.5 



Long-term Objective 



E 



•D 
O 



1.5 



.<2 1 



0.5 



ON 




as 


OS 


OS 


so 




00 
OS 


OS 
OS 


o 
o 


9 


9 


9 


9 


9 


so 

9 


9 


00 

9 


OS 

9 


o 


Z^ 


a 

1— > 


c 
1— > 


c 

1— > 


c 
in 


C 


a 


c 

1-^ 


cd 


C 
1-^ 


c 


c 


c 


a 


c 


c 

S3 


c 

BJ 

1-^ 


a 
m 

1— > 




c 


c 
1— > 


c 



Figure 3.10: Five-Year Moving Flow- Weighted Average Estimated Boron Concentration 
for East Poplar River at the IntemationalBoundary (Statistically Estimated) 



3.0 




Figure 3.1 1: Statistically Estimated Daily Boron Concentration, Calendar Years 1991-2010, 
for East Poplar Riverat the IntemationalBoundary 



16 



3.2.5.3 Other Water-Quality Objectives 

Table 3.1 contains the multipurpose water-quality objectives for the East Poplar River at 
International Boundary, recommended by the International Poplar River Water Quality Board to 
the IJC. The table shows the number of samples collected for each parameter and the number of 
times over the course of the year that the objectives were exceeded. In the table, multiple replicate 
samples collected during the annual quality control exercise are treated as a single sample, but 
where an objective was exceeded in a replicate sample, this is charged against the single sample 
noted. As the table shows, all parameters were within the appropriate objectives. 



17 



Table 3.1 Recommended Water-Quality Objectives and Excursions, 2010 Sampling Program, 
East Poplar River at International Boundary (units in mg/L, except as otherwise noted) 



Parameter 


Objective 


No. of Samples 


Excursions 


USA 


Canada 


Objectives recommended by IJC to Governments 


Boron, dissolved 


3.5/2.5 (1) 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


Total Dissolved Solids 


1,500/1,000(1) 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 1 


Objectives recommended by Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee to Governments 11 


Cadmium, total 


0.0012 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


Fluoride, dissolved 


1.5 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


Lead, total 


0.03 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


Nitrate 


10.0 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


Oxygen, dissolved 


4.0/5.0 (2) 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


Sodium adsorption ratio 


10.0 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


Sulphate, dissolved 


800.0 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


Zinc, total 


0.03 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


Water temperature (Celsius) 


30.0 (3) 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


pH (pH units) 


6.5 (4) 


N/A 


N/A 


N/A 


(1) Three-month average of flow-weighted concentrations should be <3.5 mg/L boron and <1,500 mg/L TDS. Five-year average of 

flow-weighted concentrations (March to October) should be <2.5 mg/L boron and < 1,000 mg/L TDS. 

(2) 5.0 (minimum April 10 to May 15), 4.0 (minimum, remainder of the year). 

(3) Natural temperature (April 10 to May 15), <30 degrees Celsius (remainder of the year). 

(4) Less than 0.5 pH units above natural, minimum pH = 6.5. 



N/A - Not applicable 

NOTE: No samples were obtained in 2010. 



18 



3.3 Ground Water 

3.3.1 Operations - Saskatchewan 

SaskPower's supplementary supply continued to operate during 2010 with 2,704 dam^ (2,192 
acre-feet) of ground water being produced. This is down significantly from the 3,297 dam^ (2,673 
acre-feet) pumped in 2009. Production from 1991 to 2010 has averaged 4,634 dam^ (3,757 acre- 
feet) per year. Ongoing problems with the pumps were cited as the reason for the lower 
production. Prior to 1991, the well network was part of a dewatering network for coal mining 
operations, which resulted in the high production levels experienced in the early to mid-1980's as 
shown in Figure 3.12. During the 1988-1990 drought period it was evident that there was a 
continued need for ground water to supplement water levels in Cookson Reservoir. Consequently 
the wells were taken over by SaskPower for use as a supplementary supply. 




Year 

Figure 3.12 Annual Pumpage by the Poplar River Power Station's Supplementary 
Water Supply 



19 



SaskPower has an Approval for the supplementary supply project to produce an annual volume of 
5,500 dam /year (4,460 acre-feet/year). The supplementary supply well network currently consists 
of 21 wells with a total of 10 discharge points. No wells were added or deleted from the well field 
during the year. 

hi addition to the supplementary supply, SaskPower also operates the Soil Salinity Project south of 
Morrison Dam. The project was initiated in 1989 to alleviate soil salinity which had developed 
below the dam. The Soil Salinity project consists of a network of production wells discharging 
into the cooling water canal, which in turn discharges directly to Cookson Reservoir. Ongoing 
operational difficulties with the production wells resulted in a continued decline in the annual 
volume pumped from a high of 1,100 dam (892 acre-feet) in 1994 to a low point of 426 dam 
(345 acre-feet) in 2003. A well rehabilitation program resulted in some recovery in production 
rates with production of 812 dam^ (658 acre-feet) in 2006. As can be seen in Figure 3.13, 
production again declined after 2006. Production for 2010 was 500 dam (405 acre-feet) which 
was slightly lower than the 527 dam^ (427 acre-feet) produced in 2009. 

The majority of water in 2010, 363 dam (294 acre-feet), was withdrawn from wells PW87104 and 
PW87105 on the east side of the river with the remaining 137 dam^ (111 acre-feet) coming from 
PW90109 on the west side. No other wells were used in 2010. 

1200 
1100 
1000 

900 

800 



to 

£ 

E 

3 
O 

> 



700 
600 
500 
400 
300 
200 



100 




Year 



Figure 3.13 Annual Pumpage from Soil Salinity Project 



20 



3.3.2 Ground-Water Monitoring 

Equivalent geologic formations present in Saskatchewan and Montana have different names. A list 
of the corresponding formation names is provided in Table 3.2. 

Table 3.2 Geologic Formation Name Equivalence between Saskatchewan and Montana 



Formation Location 


Geologic Formation Name 






Saskatchewan 


Eastend to Whitemud 


Frenchman 


Ravenscrag 


Alluvium 


Montana 


Fox Hills 


Hell Creek 


Fort Union 


Alluvium 



3.3.2.1 Saskatchewan 

Li 2003, SaskPower reduced its monitoring network from 180 to about 85 piezometers. 
Saskatchewan Environment approved this reduction based on modelling studies undertaken by 
SaskPower. 

Figures 3.14 and 3.15 show hydrographs for Hart Coal Seam monitoring wells near the 
International Boundary. These hydrographs do not show any significant changes in water levels in 
the Hart Coal Seam near the boundary in the past 20 years. 



/DO ■ 




















































- 








^ 












II MM 


-. 


i^ 


^ 


IM* 




k 


k 


k-*- 






hF— A 


(0 TCC . 










"^ 


A 














E. 
















































1 




^ 




U 


ill 


^ 








^ 


L 


^ 


m. 


^ 


pp 


,. 


J 


'A, 


\ 


■•= 


^~f~ 


trf-i 


,:: 












740 ■ 










T 





































•t^ \V \V \V x"^ \V \V \>^ v"^ v"^ vV \V v"^ \»^ \V v»^ v"^"^ \V ,»^ v"^ v»^ \»^ \>C» \»0 



Date 



-M492A -"-MSOr — •— M509 



Figure 3.14 Hydrographs of Selected Wells Completed in the Hart Coal Seam 

21 



790 



785 



780 



775 

















































■■ 


- 


# 


1 1 


■1 


■1 


1 rtl 


m^ 


■ 


-' 


m "1 


1 




!■■■! 






■ 


■ 






1 
























•^ 








^ A ^ 


MM 


■M 


MkiM 










A 


A 








i 








*»■ 



















.# ..^^ ..^"^ .K^^"- ..^^ .# ..<?^ .K<»^ 



-" .# ..# 



.# „#" n^ .J" 



J" .J' 



,N^" ,^'^" ,^'^" >^'^" ,.r .►r /" ,^'^" X>" .►r /" v^"^" ,^'^" ,<^ .►^'^ .►^'^ vN<^ ,N<^ ,K<^ ,#^ .^'^ ,N<^ .^'^ ..^'^ 



Date 



Figure 3.15 Hydrographs of Selected Wells Completed in the Hart Coal Seam 

The goal of the Soil Salinity Project is to lower groundwater levels in the Empress Sands below 
Morrison Dam two to three metres (6.6 to 9.8 feet), which is roughly equivalent to pre-reservoir 
levels. Groundwater withdrawals from 1990 to 1995 ranged between 900 and 1,100 dam /year (or 
730 and 892 acre-feet/year, respectively) and consequently the drawdown objectives were 
achieved in 1 995 and 1 996. However, the declining withdrawals from 1 995 until 2004 resulted in 
negligible drawdown by 2003. Drawdown remains marginal and is limited in extent and 
magnitude with Yi m to 1 'A m (1 .6 to 4.9 ft) or less occurring in limited areas. 



22 



3.3.2.2 Montana 

Hydrographs from monitoring wells completed in the Fort Union Formation and/or the Hart Coal 
Seam (wells 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 17, 19, and 22) exhibit two general patterns. Water levels in wells 9, 
13, 17, and 19 have changed less than 5 ft (1.5 m) since the time monitoring began in 1987. Water 
levels generally declined between 1987 and 1992-1994; since 1994, water-level trends are flat or 
slowly rising. Water-level hydrographs from wells 17 and 19 are shown on Figure 3.16. Offsets 
noted in the legend for Figure 3.16 have been applied to make the hydrographs more readable. 
Water-level data used to construct the hydrographs in Figure 3.16 can be accessed through the 
Montana Ground Water Information Center (GWIC) database at http://mbmggwic.mtech.edu. 

Water levels in wells 6, 7, 16, and 22 have changed as much as 12 ft (3.7 m) but generally 
declined from the beginning of monitoring to the mid 1990s before beginning to rise. Water-level 
hydrographs for wells 6 and 7 are shown on Figure 3.16. 






^ 



%^^W 




<^ 




'^^■^lrtMK^^>^i<I^^A<^\^<W«H^^^ tttd^At6^fil*^^ 



^» \ «w » >^ ii cw^^,,,,^^^^^>»»M^ ^,^^fwm^ ^ ^ ^»S*i«»gcx>»^ 



■*I.—J ■ i I I I 



I I I .1.1 I 



■ ■ ■ 



■ 



Jan-1979 Jan-1983 Jan-1987 Jan-1991 Jan-1995 Jan-1999 Jan-2003 Jan-2007 Jan-2011 Jan-2015 



Year 



■-^ Well 6 (GWIC 4227 +10 ft offset Hart Coal) 
■*— Well 17 (GWIC 4297 -3 ft offset Hart Coal) 



-Well 7 (GWIC 4267 +7 ft offset Hart Coal) 
■Well 19 (GWIC 4290; -5 ft offset Hart Coal) 



Figure 3.16 Hydrographs of Selected Wells - Fort Union and Hart Coal Aquifers 

Water levels in monitoring wells 5, 8, 10, 23, and 24, completed in alluvium and/or outwash, show 
seasonal change caused by climate and/or precipitation. Heavy snow accumulation and melt in 
early 2004 caused upward water-level response during the remainder of that year. In subsequent 
years water levels steadily declined returning to pre-melt 2003 elevations between 2004 (Well 23) 
and 2008 (Well 5). Hydrographs from alluvium and outwash (wells 10, 23, and 24) and the Fox 
Hills/Hell Creek aquifer (well 1 1) are shown in Figure 3.17. Offsets noted in the legend have been 
applied to the data to make the hydrographs more readable. Measurements from wells 1 1 and 24 
where the wellhead was noted as being frozen are not included. Water-level data used to construct 



23 



the hydrographs in Figure 3.17 can be accessed through the Montana Ground Water Information 
Center (GWIC) database at http://mbmggwic.mtech.edu . 



The potentiometric surface in the Fox Hills/Hell Creek artesian aquifer (well 1 1 -Figure 3.17) has 
shown little fluctuation during the 1979-2010 monitoring period, but the entire record shows a 
slight long-term downward trend. 



"Hsr**- 



'^•y . /vZ/^HAft^' w^v 



jnatMiBB iiaajtu ciiiiDitf^*^^^ moedP^oiit^fsg) >l]i%[ip[f][sas]i%] 



Jan-1979 Jan-1983 Jan-1987 Jan-1991 Jan-1995 Jan-1999 Jan-2003 Jan-2007 Jan-2011 Jan-2015 

Year 

— &— Well 1 (Gwic 4340 ft offset AlluviunVcoal) — H— Wtell 1 1 (GWIC 4329 +3 ft offset Fox Hills-Hell Creek) 
—A— Well 23 (GWIC124106 + 2 ft offset Outwasfi) Well 24 (GWIC 144835: -3 ft offset Alluvium) 



Figure 3.17 Hydrographs of Selected Wells - Alluvium and Fox Hills/Hell Creek Aquifers 



Heavy snow accumulation and subsequent melting caused water levels to rise to near record highs 
in wells 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 19, and 22 during 2004 and 2005. Water levels in all these wells have 
fallen since then, and are now within 1 ft (0.3 m) of their 2003 altitudes. Water levels in wells 5 
and 6 are at about the same attitudes as they were in 2003 but water levels in wells 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 
and 22 have slowly risen 2-3 ft (0.6-0.9 m) since 2008-2009. Water levels in well 19 are at about 
the same altitude as their peak in 2004. There was no apparent short-term response to the 2004 
snowmelt event in wells 13, 17, and 24, but water levels in wells 13 and 17 generally rose between 
late 2003 and 2010. Water levels in well 24 began rising in 2001 and continued to rise until 2004. 
Since then water levels have fallen about 3 ft (0.9 m). 



24 



3.3.3 Ground-Water Quality 
3.3.3.1 Saskatchewan 

The water quality from the Poplar River Power Station's Supplementary Water Supply Project 
discharge points has been consistent with no trends indicated. A summary of the more frequently 
tested parameters during 2010 is provided in Table 3.3. Result averages for the 1992-2009 periods 
are also included in this table for comparison. 

TABLE 3.3 Water-QuaUty Statistics for Water Pumped from 
Supplementary Water Supply Project Wells* 





1992 to 2009 
Average 


1 1 

2010 

Average 


pH (units) 


8.1 


8.1 


Conductivity (^s/cm) 


1293 


1440 


Total Dissolved Solids 


889 


984 


Total Suspended Solids 


11 


1 


Boron 


1.2 


0.9 


Sodium 


173 


183 


Cyanide (^g/L) 


0.000535 


0.000001 


Iron 


0.3 


0.1 


Manganese 


0.1 


0.04 


Mercury (\ig/L) 


0.07 


0.02 


Calcium 


67 


- 


Magnesium 


52 


- 


Sulfate 


274 


- 


Nitrate 


0.08 


- 



*A1I units mg/L unless otherwise noted. *Sampled at Site "C3" on Girard Creek. 

Average results from the common discharge point for the Soil Salinity Project for 2010, plus an 
average of the 1992-2009 results are provided in Table 3.4. Results have remained relatively 
consistent since 1992. 



25 



TABLE 3.4 Water-QuaUty Statistics for Water Pumped from SoU Salinity 
Project Weils Sampled at the Discharge Pipe* 





1992-2009 
Average 


2010 
Average 


pH (units) 


7.6 


7.8 


Conductivity (|is/cm) 


1456 


1491 


Total Dissolved Solids 


1006 


1022 


Boron 


1.6 


,.6 


Calcium 


103 


112 


Magnesium 


59 


64 


1 Sodium 


160 


150 


Potassium 


7.5 


7.9 


Arsenic (ng/L) 


11.7 


12.5 


Aluminum 


0.05 


0.001 


Barium 


0.035 


0.022 


Cadmium 


0.014 


0.000 


Iron 


4.1 


3.6 


Manganese 


0.129 


0.110 


Molybdenum 


0.014 


0.001 


Strontium 


1.726 


1.740 


Vanadium 


0.014 


0.000 


1 Uranium (^g/L) 


0.643 


0.950 


Mercury (|i/L) 


0.08 


0.02 


Sulfate 


327 


345 


Chloride 


6.6 


7.0 


Nitrate 


0.067 


0.000 



*A11 concentrations are mg/L unless otherwise noted. 



Leachate movement through the ash lagoon liner systems can potentially affect ground-water 
quality in the vicinity of the ash lagoons. The piezometers listed in the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules are used to assess leachate movement and calculate seepage rates. Piezometric water 
level, boron, and chloride are the chosen indicator parameters to assess leachate movement. 

26 



The chemistry of water immediately above the liner systems is expected to differ from the surface 
water of the lagoons. Meaningful information is only available from piezometers installed within 
Ash Lagoon # 1 where ash has been deposited for many years. Future monitoring of all 
piezometers completed above the lagoon liner systems will continue in order to improve the 
understanding of leachate quality and flow from the ash lagoons. 

The piezometric surface measurements for the oxidized till continue to show the presence of a 
ground-water mound beneath the ash lagoons. The mound extends from the center of the Ash 
Lagoon # 1 to the southeast side of Ash Lagoon # 2. Piezometers located in the oxidized till 
suggest limited leachate activity. No seepage activity is evident in the unoxidized till. 

The greatest changes in chloride and boron concentrations within the oxidized till have occurred 
where piezometric levels have changed the most. Although increasing water levels do not 
automatically suggest that the water affecting the piezometers is leachate, changing piezometric 
levels do suggest ground-water movement. On the west side of the Polishing Pond, the boron 
levels have changed only slightly in the oxidized till piezometers C728A and C728D, where the 
chloride levels have changed more significantly. The chloride level for C728A had decreased 
from 403 mg/L in 1983 to 249 mg/L in 2006; piezometer C728A has been repaired and will be 
returned to the monitoring schedule in 2010. The chloride level for C728D has increased from 
185 mg/L in 1983 to 366 mg/L in 2010. Although these piezometers are close in proximity and 
installed at the same level, they are being influenced by different water. Chloride results for 
C728A suggest initial seepage and it is to be expected that over time the same observation will be 
seen in C728D. 

The piezometric surface of the Empress Gravel indicates a regional flow from northwest to 
southeast below Morrison Dam. As a general observation. Empress piezometers respond to 
changing reservoir levels. Results for the Empress layer do not indicate seepage activity with the 
majority of the analyses showing little change in boron or chloride results. Piezometer C712B has 
been monitored for several years. Historically, boron levels were below 1 mg/L. From 1992 to 
2010, boron levels have remained relatively steady between 12 and 20 mg/L. 



27 



3.3.3.2 Montana 

Samples were collected from monitoring wells 7, 16, and 24 during 2010. Well 7 is completed in 
the Hart Coal, well 1 6 is completed in the Fort Union Formation, and well 24 is completed in 
alluvium. Total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations in samples from wells 7 and 24 continued 
slight downward trends that began in 2006. The 2010 sample shows that the TDS concentration 
reported in 2009 for well 16 was anomalously low; the 2010 concentration, although still low, is 
closer to what would be expected based on samples taken prior to 2009. By 2009, production rates 
from well 1 6 had decreased to the point where only enough water could be withdrawn to rinse 
equipment and bottle samples. MBMG re-developed the well in 2010 and production rates 
increased to about 1 gallon per minute (3.8 liters per minute). Changes in TDS with time for wells 
7, 16, and 24 are shown in Figure 3.18. Water-chemistry data used to construct the graphs in 
Figure 3.18 can be accessed through the Montana Ground Water hiformation Center (GWIC) 
database at http://mbmggwic.mtech.edu . 



800 



^ 700 



' ^fk°SiJB^ 




300 
Jan-1978 Jan-1982 Jan-1986 Jan-1990 Jan-1994 Jan-1998 Jan-2002 Jan-2006 Jan-2010 Jan-2014 



Date 



-Well 7 (GWIC 4267 - Hart Coal) 
-Well 24 {GWIC 144835 -Alluvium) 



-Well 16 (GWIC 421 1 - Fort Union) 



Figure 3.18 Total Dissolved Solids in Samples from Montana Wells. 



28 



3.4 Cookson Reservoir 

3.4.1 Storage 

On January 1, 2010, Cookson Reservoir storage was 31,580 dam^ (25,600 acre-feet) or 73 % of 
the full supply volume. The 2010 maximum, minimum, and period elevations and volumes are 
shown in Table 3.5. 

Spring inflows into the reservoir were slightly greater than median in 2010. A release of 617 dam^ 
(500 acre-feet) was made in May to meet the recommended Poplar River Basin demand release for 
the 2009-2010 apportionment year. No releases were required to maintain the recommended 
apportionment target flow at the International Boundary for the remainder of the year. 

In addition to runoff, reservoir levels were augmented by groundwater pumping. Wells in the 
abandoned west block mine site supplied 2,704 dam^ (2,192 acre-feet) to Girard Creek. It is 
estimated that less than 70% of this volume reached Cookson Reservoir. Wells in the soil saHnity 
project area supplied 500 dam^ (405 acre-feet). 

Table 3.5 Cookson Reservoir Storage Statistics for 2010 



Date 


Elevation 
(m) 


Elevation 
(ft) 


Contents 
(dam^) 


Contents 
(acre-feet) 


January 1 


751.35 


2,465.06 


31,580 


25,600 


June 18 
(Maximum) 


752.27 


2,468.08 


37,910 


30,730 


March 6 
(Minimum) 


751.22 


2,464.63 


30,770 


24,950 


December 3 1 


751.47 


2,465.45 


32,350 


26,230 


Full Supply Level 


753.00 


2,470.47 


43,410 


35,190 



29 



The Poplar River Power Station is dependent on water from Cookson Reservoir for cooling. 
Power plant operation is not adversely affected until reservoir levels drop below 749.0 metres 
(2,457.3 ft). The dead storage level for cooling water used in the generation process is 745.0 
metres (2,444.2 ft). The 2010 recorded levels and associated operating levels are shown in Figure 
3.19 along with the 10-year median levels. Likewise, the 2010 storage and associated operating 
levels are shown in Figure 3.20 along with the 10-year median levels. 



754.0 

753.0 

752.0 

751.0 
</) 
X 750.0 

•| 749.0 

O 



> 
JSi 

UJ 



748.0 
747.0 
746.0 
745.0 
744.0 



• 
Full Supply Level i 










' 


• 
























■ 




V 










- 


- 




^^ 








■ 










10- Year Median (2000-2009) 

—2010 


Mini 


mumt 


)esiral: 


le 
















- 


Op 


eratin 


jLeve 




















. 






















- 


- 






















- 


Mini 


mumL 


sable 


















H 


Storage Level ! 














^ 



2473.75 



2470.47 



2467.19 



2463.91 



2460.63 % 
u. 

c 

2457.35 g 



re 

2454.07 a» 



2450.79 



2447.51 



2444.23 



2440.94 



Janl Jan31 Mar2 Apr 2 May 2 Junl Jul2 Aug 1 Aug31 Oct 1 Oct 31 Nov 30 Dec 31 

Figure 3.19 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Levels for 2010 and 
Median DaUy Water Levels, 2000-2009 



30 






01 

E 

W 

w 



45000 



40000 



35000 



30000 






S 25000 



U 

c 

GO 

C 

o 



20000 



15000 



10000 



1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 




- 


Ful 


SuppI 


f Leve 


















- 


■ 




i 


^ 




c> 


s^ 










- 


• 




J 
















__ 


- 


- 


"""■ 


mmJ 




'^■~~* 




■ 










1 i 1 
— 10- Year Median (2000-2009) 
^2010 




- 


Min 


mum 1 


t^ciral' 


>lo 
















- 




















OF 


leratin 


gLeve 


1 
















: 


- 






















- 


M 

4 


nimur 
>torag< 


n Usable 
» Level 
















1 


1 ' : 



36482 



32427 



28373 



24318 



20263 



01 

lb 

I 
01 



« 

n 



o 



16208 O 



12154 



8099 



5000 I 4044 

Jam Jan31 Mar2 Apr2 May 2 Junl Jul2 Aug 1 Aug31 Octl Oct 31 Nov 30 Dec 31 



Figure 3.20 Cookson Reservoir Daily Mean Water Storage for 2010 and 
Median DaUy Storage, 2000-2009 



3.4.2 Water Quality 



The period from 1987 to 1993 saw very low volumes of surface-water run-off to Cookson 
Reservoir. Consequently, total dissolved solids (TDS) in the reservoir increased steadily from 
approximately 780 mg/L to over 1,800 mg/L. Since 1993, higher run-off volumes have improved 
reservoir water quality. From 1 997 to 2004, the TDS levels in the reservoir generally remained 
below 1,000 mg/L. The average TDS level in Cookson Reservoir in 2010 was 1,346 mg/L, up 
slightly from the 2009 average level of 1,304 mg/L. Low reservoir and run-off volumes will result 
in deteriorating water quality as it has done in the past. 



31 



3.5 Air Quality 

SaskPower's ambient SO2 monitoring for 2010 recorded no values greater than Saskatchewan 
Environment's one-hour average standard of 0.17 ppm and the 24-hour average standard of 0.06 
ppm. The 2010 geometric mean for the high- volume suspended-particulate sampler was 13.0 
|ig/m^ and 2010 was the nineteenth consecutive year of below-average standard particulate 
readings. 

3.6 Quality Control 



3.6.1 Streamflow 

No comparative current-meter discharge measurements were made in 2010 at the East Poplar River at 
Intemational Boundary site between personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and 
Environment Canada (EC) to confirm streamflow measurement comparability because of poor 
measuring conditions at the site. 

3.6.2 Water Quality 

No joint sampling was performed in 2010 at the East Poplar River at Intemational Boundary due to 
continued suspension in the collection of surface-water-quality samples by Environment Canada. 



32 



ANNEX 1 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



CANADA-UNITED STATES 



Al-1 



September 23, 1980 
POPLAR RIVER COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 

I. PURPOSE 

This Arrangement will provide for the exchange of data collected as described in the attached 
Technical Monitoring Schedules in water-quality, water quantity and air quality monitoring programs 
being conducted in Canada and the United States at or near the International Boundary in response to 
SaskPower development. This Arrangement will also provide for the dissemination of the data in each 
country and will assure its comparability and assist in its technical interpretation. 

The Arrangement will replace and expand upon the quarterly information exchange program instituted 
between Canada and the United States in 1976. 

II. PARTICIPATING GOVERNMENTS 

Governments and government agencies participating in the Arrangement are: 

Government of Canada: Environment Canada 
Government of the Province of Saskatchewan: 

Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 
Government of the United States of America: United States Geological Survey 
Government of the State of Montana: Executive Office 

III. POPLAR RIVER MONITORING COMMITTEE: TERMS OF REFERENCE 

A binational committee called the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee will be established to 
carry out responsibilities assigned to it under this Arrangement. The Committee will operate in 
accordance with the following terms of reference: 



Al-3 



A. Membership 

The Committee will be composed of four representatives, one from each of the participating 
Governments. It will be jointly chaired by the Government of Canada and the Government of the 
United States. There will be a Canadian Section and a United States Section. The participating 
Governments will notify each other of any changes in membership on the Committee. Co- 
chairpersons may by mutual agreement invite agency technical experts to participate in the work of the 
Committee. 

The Governor of the State of Montana may also appoint a chief elective official of local government to 
participate as an ex-officio member of the Committee in its technical deliberations. The Saskatchewan 

Minister of the Environment may also appoint a similar local representative. 



B. Functions of the Committee 

The role of the Committee will be to fulfil the purpose of the Arrangement by ensuring the exchange 
of monitored data in accordance with the attached Technical Monitoring Schedules, and its collation 
and technical interpretation in reports to Governments on implementation of the Arrangement. In 
addition, the Committee will review the existing monitoring systems to ensure their adequacy and may 
recommend to the Canadian and United States Governments any modifications to improve the 
Technical Monitoring Schedules. 



I. Information Exchange 

Each Co-chairperson will be responsible for transmitting to his counterpart Co-chairperson on a 
regular, and not less than quarterly basis, the data provided by the cooperative monitoring agencies in 
accordance with the Technical Monitoring Schedules. 



Al-4 



2. Reports 



(a) The Committee will prepare a joint Annual Report to the participating governments, 
and may at any time prepare joint Special Reports. 

(b) Annual Reports will 

i) summarize the main activities of the Committee in the year under Report and the data 

which has been exchanged under the Arrangement; 

ii) draw to the attention of the participating governments any definitive changes in the 

monitored parameters, based on collation and technical interpretation of exchanged 
data (i.e. the utilization of summary, statistical and other appropriate techniques); 

iii) draw to the attention of the participating governments any recommendations regarding 
the adequacy or redundancy of any scheduled monitoring operations and any proposals 
regarding modifications to the Technical Monitoring Schedules, based on a continuing 
review of the monitoring programs including analytical methods to ensure their 
comparability. 

(c) Special Reports may, at any time, draw to the attention of participating governments 
definitive changes in monitored parameters which may require immediate attention. 

(d) Preparation of Reports 

Reports will be prepared following consultation with all committee members and will 
be signed by all Committee members. Reports will be separately forwarded by the 
Committee Co-chairmen to the participating governments. All annual and special 
reports will be so distributed. 



Al-5 



3. Activities of Canadian and United States Sections 
The Canadian and United States section will be separately responsible for: 

(a) dissemination of information within their respective countries, and the arrangement of 
any discussion required with local elected officials; 

(b) verification that monitoring operations are being carried out in accordance with the 
Technical Monitoring Schedules by cooperating monitoring agencies; 

(c) receipt and collation of monitored data generated by the cooperating monitoring 

agencies in their respective countries as specified in the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules; 

(d) if necessary, drawing to the attention of the appropriate government in their respective 
countries any failure to comply with a scheduled monitoring fiinction on the part of 
any cooperating agency under the jurisdiction of that government, and requesting that 
appropriate corrective action be taken. 

IV. PROVISION OF DATA 

In order to ensure that the Committee is able to carry out the terms of this Arrangement, the 
participating governments will use their best efforts to have cooperating monitoring agencies, in their 
respective jurisdictions provide on an ongoing basis all scheduled monitored data for which they are 
responsible. 

V. TERMS OF THE ARRANGEMENT 

The Arrangement will be effective for an initial term of five years and may be amended by agreement 
of the participating governments. It will be subject to review at the end of the initial term and will be 
renewed thereafter for as long as it is required by the participating governments. 



Al-6 



ANNEX 2 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 



2011 



CANADA-UNITED STATES 



A2-1 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PREAMBLE A2 - 5 

CANADA 

STREAMFLOW MONITORING A2 - 8 

SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 10 

GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING NEAR THE 
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY A2 - 14 

GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 

- POWER STATION AREA A2 - 1 6 

GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 

- ASH LAGOON AREA 

WATER LEVEL A2-18 

WATER QUALITY A2 - 19 

AMBIENT AIR-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 22 

UNITED STATES 

STREAMFLOW MONITORING A2 - 26 

SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 28 

GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 30 

GROUND-WATER LEVELS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 

DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING A2 - 32 

A2-3 



PREAMBLE 

The Technical Monitoring Schedule lists those water quantity, water-quality and air quality 
monitoring locations and parameters which form the basis for information exchange and reporting to 
Governments. The structure of the Committee responsible for ensuring the exchange takes place is 
described in the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement. 

The monitoring locations and parameters listed herein have been reviewed by the Poplar River 
Bilateral Monitoring Committee and represent the basic technical information needed to identify any 
definitive changes in water quantity, water quality and air quality at the International Boundary. The 
Schedule was initially submitted to Governments for approval as an attachment to the 1 98 1 report to 
Governments. Changes in the sampling locations and parameters may be made by Cjovemments 
based on the recommendations of the Committee. 

Additional infonnation has been or is being collected by agencies on both sides of the International 
Boundary, primarily for project management or basin-wide baseline data purposes. This additional 
information is usually available upon request from the collecting agency and forms part of the pool 
of technical information which may be drawn upon by Governments for specific study purposes. 
Examples of additional information are water-quantity, water-quality, ground-water and air-quality 
data collected at points in the Poplar River basin not of direct concern to the Committee. In addition, 
supplemental information on parameters such as vegetation, soils, fish and waterfowl populations 
and aquatic vegetation has been collected on either a routine or specific-studies basis by various 
agencies. 



A2-5 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 



2011 



CANADA 



A2-7 



STREAMFLOW MONITORING 

Daily mean discharge or levels and instantaneous monthly extremes as normally 
published in surface-water-data publications. 



Responsible Agencies: Environment Canada; Saskatchewan Watershed Authority 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


1* 


11AE003 
(06178500) 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 


2 


11AE013*** 


Cookson Reservoir near Coronach 


3 


11AE015*** 


Girard Creek near Coronach Cookson Reservoir 


4 


11AE014*** 


East Poplar River above Cookson Reservoir 


5 




Fife Lake Overflow** 


6* 


11AE008 
(06178000) 


Poplar River at International Boundary 



* International gauging station. 

** Miscellaneous measurements of outflow to be made by Saskatchewan Watershed 

Authority (SWA) during periods of outflow only. 
*** SWA took over the monitoring responsibility effective July 1/92. 



A2-8 



CANADA 



UNITED STATE 




10 15 KILOMETERS 
_i L 



lOMiLES 



HYDROMETRIC GAUGING STATIONS (CANADA) 



A2-9 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING 



Sampling Locations 



Responsible Agency: Environment Canada 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


1 


00SA11AE0008 
Suspended 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 



Responsible A 


^ency: Saskatchewan Environment 


Data collected by: Sask Power 




No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


2 


12386 


East Poplar River at Culvert immediately below 




Discontinued 


Cookson Reservoir 


3 


12368 


Cookson Reservoir near Dam 


4 


12377 
Discontinued 


Upper End of Cookson Reservoir at Highway 36 


5 


12412 
Discontinued 


Girard Creek at Coronach, Reservoir Outflow 


6 


7904 


Fife Lake Outflow* 



^Sampled only when outflow occurs for a 2 -week period, which does not occur every year. 



A2-10 




LEGEND 

SASKATCHEWAN ENVIRONMENT AND 
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 

ENVIRONMENT CANADA 



15 KILOMETERS 



10 MILES 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALiTY MONITORING STATIONS (CANADA) 



A2-11 



PARAMETERS 



Responsible Agency: Environment Canada 



ENVIRODAT* 

Code 



Analytical Method 



Sampling Frequency 
Station No. 1 



10151 


Alkalinity-phenolphthalein 


Potentiometric Titration 


SUS 


10111 


Alkalinity-total 


Potentiometric Titration 


sus 


13102 


Aluminum-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


SUS 


13302 


Aluminum-extracted 


AA-Direct 


sus 


07540 


Ammonia-total 


Automated Colourimetric 


sus 


33108 


Arsenic-dissolved 


ICAP-hydride 


sus 


56001 


Barium-total 


AA-Direct 


sus 


06201 


Bicarbonates 


Calculated 


sus 


05211 


Boron-dissolved 


ICAP 


sus 


96360 


Bromoxynil 


Gas Chromatography 


sus 


48002 


Cadmium-total 


AA Solvent Extraction 


sus 


20113 


Calcium 


AA-Direct 


sus 


06104 


Carbon-dissolved organic 


Automated IR Detection 


sus 


06901 


Carbon-particulate 


Elemental Analyzer 


sus 


06002 


Caibon-total organic 


Calculated 


sus 


06301 


Carbonates 


Calculated 


SUS 


17206 


Chloride 


Automated Colourimetric 


sus 


06717 


Citloiophyll a 


Spectropholomctric 


SUS 


24003 


Chromium-total 


AA- Solvent Extraction 


SUS 


27002 


Cobalt-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


sus 


36012 


Coliform-fecal 


Membrane Filtration 


sus 


36002 


Coliform-total 


Membrane Filtration 


sus 


02021 


Colour 


Comparator 


sus 


02041 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


sus 


06610 


Cyanide 


Automated UV-Colourimetric 


sus 


09117 


Fluoride-dissolved 


Electrometric 


sus 


06401 


Free Carbon Dioxide 


Calculated 


sus 


10602 


Hardness 


Calculated 


sus 


17811 


Hexachlorobenzene 


Gas Chromatography 


sus 


08501 


Hydroxide 


Calculated 


sus 


26104 


Iron-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


sus 


82002 


Lead-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


sus 


12102 


Magnesium 


AA-Direct 


sus 


25104 


Manganese-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


sus 


07901 


N-particulate 


Elemental Analyzer 


sus 


07651 


N-tota! dissolved 


Automated UV Colourimetric 


sus 


10401 


NFR 


Gravimetric 


sus 


28002 


Nickel-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


sus 


07110 


Nitrate/Nitrite 


Colourimetric 


sus 


07603 


Nitrogen-total 


Calculated 


sus 


10650 


Non-Carbonate Hardness 


Calculated 


sus 


18XXX 


Organo Chlorines 


Gas Chromatography 


sus 


08101 


Oxygen-dissolved 


Winkler 


sus 


15901 


P-particulate 


Calculated 


sus 


15465 


P-total dissolved 


Automated Colourimetric 


sus 


185XX 


Phenoxy Herbicides 


Gas Chromatography 


sus 


15423 


Phosphorus-total 


Colourimetric (TRAACS) 


sus 


19103 


Potassium 


Flame Emission 


sus 


11250 


Percent Sodium 


Calculated 


sus 


011201 


SAR 


Calculated 


sus 


00210 


Saturation Index 


Calculated 


sus 


34108 


Selenium-dissolved 


ICAP-hydride 


sus 


14108 


Silica 


Automated Colourimetric 


sus 


11103 


Sodium 


Flame Emission 


sus 


00211 


Stability tadex 


Calculated 


sus 


16306 


Sulphate 


Automated Colourimetric 


sus 


00201 


IDS 


Calculated 


sus 


02061 


Temperature 


Digital Thermometer 


sus 


02073 


Turbidity 


Nephelometry 


sus 


23002 


Vanadium-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


sus 


30005 


Zinc-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


sus 


10301 


pH 


Electrometric 


sus 


92111 


Uranium 


Fluometric 


sus 



* - Computer Storage and Retneval System - Environment Canada 

AA - Atomic Absorption UV - Ultraviolet 

NFR - Nonfilterable Residue ICAP - Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma. 



SUS - Suspended 



A2-12 



PARAMETERS 



Responsible Agency: Saskalchenan Environment 
Data Collected bv: SaskPower 


ESQUADAT* Code 


Parameter 


Analytical method 


Sampling Freq 
Station No 


ucncv 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


1(1151 


Alkalmity-phenol 


Pot-Titration 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


lOiOl 


Alkalinity-tot 


Pot-Titration 


DIS 





DIS 


DIS 


OF 


13004 


Aluminum-tot 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




33004 


Arsenic-tot 


Flameless AA 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




06201 


Bicarbonates 


Calculated 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


05451 


Boron-tot 


ICAP 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


W 


48002 


Cadmium-tot 


AA-Solvenl Extract (MIBKI 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




20113 


Calcium 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06052 


Carbon-tot Inorganic 


Infrared 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06005 


Carbon-tot Organic 


Infrared 


DIS 





DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06301 


Carbonates 


Calculated 


DIS 


(1 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


1 7203 


Chloride 


Automated Colouri metric 


DIS 





DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06711 


Chlorophyll- 'a' 


Spectrophotometry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 




24004 


Chromium-tot 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




36012 


Coliform-fec 


Membrane filtration 


DIS 





DIS 


DIS 


OF 


36002 


Coliform-tot 


Membrane filtration 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


02041 


Conductivity 


Conductivity Meter 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


W 


29005 


Copper-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




09105 


Fluoride 


Specific Ion Electrode 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




82002 


Lead-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




12102 


Magnesium 


AA-Direct 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


80011 


Mercury-tot 


Flameless- AA 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




42102 


Molybdenum 


AA-Solvent Extract (N-Butyl acetate) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




07015 


N-TKN 


Automated Colounmetnc 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10401 


NFR 


Gravimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10501 


NFR( F) 


Gravimetric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


28002 


Nickel-tot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


07110 


Nitrate + NO2 


Automated Colouri metric 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


06521 


Oil and Grease 


Pet. Ether Exfraction 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




08102 


Oxygen-diss 


Meter 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


15406 


Phosphorus-tot 


Colourimetry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


19103 


Potassium 


Flame Photometry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


34005 


Selenium-Ext 


Hydride generation 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




11103 


Sodium 


Flame Photometry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


16306 


Sulphate 


Colounmetry 


DIS 


Q 


DIS 


DIS 


OF 


10451 


TDS 


Gravimetric 


DIS 





DIS 


DIS 


OF 


02061 


Temperature 


Thermometer 


DIS 





DIS 


DIS 


OF 


23004 


Vanadium-tot 


AA nirect 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




30005 


Zinc-lot 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


DIS 


A 


DIS 


DIS 




10301 


pH 


Electrometric 


DIS 





DIS 


DIS 


W 



* Computer storage anid retrieval system - Saskatchewan Environment. 

Symbols: 

W - Weekly during overflow; OF- Once during each period of overflow greater than 2 weeks' duration; 
- Quarterly; A - Annually; AA - Atomic Absorption; Pot - Potentiometric; tot - total; Pet - Petroleum; 
fee - fecal; diss - dissolved; EXT - extract; NFR - Nonfilterable residue; NFR(F) - Nonfilterable residue, fixed; 
ICAP - Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma; (MIBK) - sample acidified and extracted with Methyl Isobutyl Ketone; 
DIS - Discontinued. 



A2-13 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL DRAWDOWN 
DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING NEAR THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Watershed Authority* 


Measurement Frequency: Quarterly 


Piezometer 
Number 


Location 


Tip of Screen 
Elevation (m) 


Perforation Zone 
(depth in metres) 


52 

506B 

507 

509 

510A 


NW 14-1-27 W3 
SW 4-1-27 W3 
SW 6-1-26 W3 
NW 1 1-1-27 W3 
NW 1-1-28 W3 


738.43 

48.27 

725.27 

725.82 

769.34 


43-49 (in coal) 
81-82 (in coal) 
34 - 35 (in coal) 
76-77 (in coal) 
28-29 (in coal and clay) 



Data Collected by: SaskPower 



A2-14 



CANADA 
UNITED STATES 




5 10 IbKILOMETEfiS 

I ^ , 

5 10 MILES 



1 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING 



A2-15 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
POPLAR RIVER 

POWER STATION AREA-- WATER LEVELS 


SPC Piezometer 
Number 


Completion 
Formation 


C525 


Empress 


C526 


Empress 


C527 


Empress 


C539 


Empress 


C540 


Empress 


C739 


Empress 


C740 


Empress 


C741 


Empress 


C743 


Empress 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
POPLAR RIVER 

POWER STATION AREA- WATER QUALITY 


SPC Piezometer 
Number 


Completion 
Formation 


C526 


Empress 


C540 


Empress 


C741 


Empress 



A2-16 




A2-17 





GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 

ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C533 


Empress 


C534 


Oxidized Till 


C654 


Unoxidized Till 


C711 


Oxidized Till 


C712A 


Unoxidized Till 


C712B 


Intra Till Sand 


C712C 


Mottled Till 


C712D 


Oxidized Till 


C713 


Oxidized Till 


C714A 


Unoxidized Till 


C714B 


Unoxidized Till 


C714C 


Oxidized Till 


C714D 


Oxidized Till 


C714E 


Empress 


C715 


Oxidized Till 


C717 


Oxidized Till 


C720 


Oxidized Till 


C721 


Oxidized Till 


C722 


Oxidized Till 


C723 


Oxidized Till 


C725 


Oxidized Till 


C726B 


Unoxidized Till 


C726C 


Oxidized Till 


C726E 


Empress 


C728C 


Mottled Till 


C728D 


Oxidized Till 


C728E 


Empress 


C741 


Empress 


C742 


Empress 


C758 


Intra Till Sand 



A2-18 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C763A 


Mottled Till 


C763B 


Oxidized Till 


C763D 


Unoxidized Till 


C763E 


Empress 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
ASH LAGOON AREA - WATER QUALITY 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C533 


Empress 


€534 


Oxidized Till 


C654 


Unoxidized Till 


C711 


Oxidized Till 


C712A 


Unoxidized Till 


C712B 


Intra Till Sand 


C712C 


Mottled Till 


C7I2D 


Oxidized Till 


C7I3 


Oxidized Till 


C714A 


Unoxidized Till 


C714B 


Unoxidized Till 


C714C 


Oxidized Till 


C714D 


Oxidized Till 


C714E 


Empress 


C715 


Oxidized Till 


C717 


Oxidized Till 


C720 


Oxidized Till 


C721 


Oxidized Till 


C722 


Oxidized Till 


C723 


Oxidized Till 


C725 


Oxidized Till 



A2-19 



GROUNDWATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 
ASH LAGOON AREA - WATER QUALITY 


SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


C726B 


Unoxidized Till 


C726C 


Oxidized Till 


C726E 


Empress 


C728A 


Oxidized Till 


C728C 


Mottled Till 


C728D 


Oxidized Till 


C728E 


Empress 


C741 


Empress 


C742 


Empress 


C758 


Intra Till Sand 


C763A 


Mottled Till 


C763B 


Oxidized Till 


C763D 


Unoxidized Till 


C763E 


Empress 



A2-20 




A2-21 



Ambient Air-Quality IVIonitoring 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment 
Data Collected by: SaskPower 


No. On Map 


Location | 


Parameters 


Reporting Frequency 


1 


Coronach (Discontinued) 


Sulphur Dioxide 

Total Suspended 
Particulate 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics. 
24-hour samples on 6-day cycle, 
corresponding to the national air 
pollution surveillance sampling 
schedule. 


2 


International Boundary 


Sulphur Dioxide 

Total Suspended 
Particulate 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics. 
24-hour samples on 6-day cycle, 
corresponding to the national air 
pollution surveillance sampling 
schedule. 


3 


Poplar River Power Station 


Wind Speed and Direction 


Continuous monitoring with hourly 
averages as summary statistics 


METHODS 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Saskatchewan Environment 
Pulsed fluorescence 


Total Suspended Particulate 


Saskatchewan Environment 
High Volume Method 



A2-22 




lb KILOMETERS 



10 MILES 



AMBIENT AIR-QUALITY MONITORING (CANADA) 



A2-23 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

2011 

UNITED STATES 



A2-25 



STREAMFLOW MONITORING 



Responsible Agency: U.S. Geological Survey 


No. on Map 


Station Number 


Station Name 


1* 


06178000 ( 11 AE008) 


Poplar River at International Boundary 


2* 


06178500 (11 AE003) 


East Poplar River at International 
Boundary 



* International Gauging Station 



A2-26 



CANADA V^^ 
UNITED STATES 




5 10 15 KILOMETERS 

I ^ ■ 

b 10 MILES 



HYDROMETRIC GAUGING STATIONS (UNITED STATES) 



A2-27 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING 


- Station Locations 


Responsible 


Agency: U.S. Geological Survey 


1 


No. On Map 


USGS Station No. 


STATION NAME 


1 


06178000 


Poplar River at International Boundary 


2 


06178500 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 


PARAMETERS 






Annual Sampling Frequency 


Analytical 
Code 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


Site r 


Site 2" 


29X01 


Alkalinity - lab 


Fixed endpoint Titration 


sus 


sus 


00608 


Ammonia - diss 


Colorimetric 


sus 


sus 


01002 


Arsenic - tot 


AA. GF 


sus 


sus 


00025 


Barometric pressure 


Barometer, field 


sus 


sus 


01020 


Boron - diss 


ICP 


sus 


sus 


01027 


Cadmium - lol/rec 


ICP, MS 


sus 


sus 


009 1 5 


Calcium - diss 


ICP 


sus 


sus 


00940 


Chloride - diss 


IC 


sus 


sus 


00095 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


sus 


sus 


00061 


Discharge - inst 


Direct measurement 


sus 


sus 


00900 


Hardness 




sus 


sus 


00950 


Fluoride - diss 


ISE 


sus 


sus 


01051 


Lead - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


sus 


sus 


00925 


Magnesium - diss 


ICP 


sus 


sus 


00613 


Nitrate - diss 


Colorimetric 


sus 


sus 


00631 


Nitrate + Nitrite - diss 


Colorimetric 


sus 


sus 


00300 


Oxygen-diss 


Oxygen membrane, field 


sus 


sus 


00400 


PH 


Electrometric, field 


sus 


sus 


00671 


Phos, Ortho-diss 


Colorimetric 


sus 


sus 


00665 


Phosphorous - tot 


Colorimetric 


sus 


sus 


00935 


Potassium - diss 


AA 


sus 


sus 


00931 


SAR 


Calculated 


sus 


sus 


80154 


Sediment - cone. 


Filtration-Gravimetric 


sus 


sus 


80155 


Sediment - load 


Calculated 


sus 


sus 


00955 


Silica - diss 


Colorimetric 


sus 


sus 


00930 


Sodium - diss 


ICP 


sus 


sus 


00945 


Sulphate - diss 


IC 


sus 


sus 


70301 


Total Dissolved Solids 


Calculated 


sus 


sus 


00010 


Temp Water 


Stem Thermometer 


sus 


sus 


00020 


Temp Air 


Stem Thermometer 


sus 


sus 


01092 


Zinc - tot/rec 


ICP, MS 


sus 


sus 



Samples collected obtained during the monthly periods: * — March - April; May; June; July - September 

** — May; June; July; August - September 
Abbreviations: AA - atomic absorption; cone. - concentration; CVAF - cold vapor atomic fluorescence; diss - dissolved; GF - graphite fiimace; IC - ion exchange 

chromatography; ICP - inductively coupled plasma; ISE - ion-sclcctivc electrode; MS - mass spectrography ; Org - organic; phos. - phosphate; tot 

- total; tot/rec - total recoverable; SUS - sampling suspended 



A2-28 



CAkADA 



LNi'TDS 




S 10 lb KILOMETERS 
J L 

1C MILES 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS (UNITED STATES) 



A2-29 



GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING - Station Locations 1 


Map 


Well 


Total Depth 


Casing 
Diameter 


Aquifer 


Perforation Zone 


Number 


Location 


(m) 




(m) 








(cm) 






7 


37N47E12BBBB 


44.1 


10.2 


Hart Coal 


39-44 


16 


37N46E3ABAB 


25.5 


10.2 


Fort Union 


23-25 


24 


37N48E5AB 


9.6 


10.2 


Alluvium 


9.2-9.6 


Parameters 


Storet ** Code 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


Sampling Frequency Station No. 


0041001106 


Alkalinity 


Calculated 




01095 


Aluminum dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 


Sample collection is annually for 


50250 


Antimony dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 


;ill locations identified above. 


01005 


Arsenic dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




01010 


Barivmi dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 


The analytical method descriptions 


00440 


Beryllium dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 


are those of the Montana Bureau of 


01020 


Bicarbonates 


Electromctric Titration 


Mines and Geology Laboratory where 


82298 


Boron-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 


the samples are analyzed. 


01025 


Bromide 


Ion Chromatography 




00915 


Cadmium,dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




00445 


Calcium 


Emission Plasma 




00940 


Carbonates 


Electromctric Titration 




01030 


Chloride 


Ion Chromatography 




01035 


Chromium, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




00095 


Cobalt, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




01040 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 




00950 


Copper, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




09000 


Fluoride 


Ion Chromatography 




01046 


Hardness 


Calculated 




01049 


Iron-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01130 


Lcad-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




00925 


Lithium -diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01056 


Magnesium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01060 


Manganese-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01065 


Molybdenum 


Emission Plasma, ICP-MS 




00630 


Nickel, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




00671 


Nitrate 


Ion Chromatography 




00400 


Orthophosphate 


Ion Chromatography 




00935 


pH 


Electrometrie 




00931 


Potassium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01145 


SAR 


Calculated 




00955 


Selcnium-diss 


ICP-MS 




01075 


Silica 


Emission Plasma, ICP-MS 




00930 


Silver, dissolved 


ICP-MS 




01080 


Sodium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




00445 


Strontium-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01057 


Sulphate 


Ion Chromatography 




01150 


Thallium, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 


' 


28011 


Titanium, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




01085 


Uranium, dissolved 


ICP-MS 




00190 


Vanadium, dissoved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




01160 


Zinc-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




* 


Zirconium, dissolved 


ICP or ICP-MS 




70301 


Sum of diss. Constituents 


Calculated 






TDS 


Calculated 





SYMBOLS: 

** - Computer storage and retrieval system — EPA ICP - Inductively Coupled Plasma Unit 

cm - centimetre ICP - MS - Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry diss - dissolved m - metre 



A2-30 



N / 




canaDm V, 

UMTED STATES 



5 10 15 KILOMETERS 

_1 L 



10 MILES 



GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING (UNITED STATES) 



A2-31 



GROUNDWATER LEVELS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING 



Responsible Agency: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology | 


No. on Map 


Montana Ground Water 
Information Center ID No, 


Sampling 


5 


GWICID4321 


Determine water levels quarterly 


6 


GWICID4227 


Determine water levels quarterly 


7 


GWIC ID 4267 


Determine water levels quarterly 


8 


GWICID4287 


Determine water levels quarterly 


9 


GWIC ID 4274 


Detemiine water levels quarterly 


10 


GWIC ID 4340 


Determine water levels quarterly 


11 


GWICID4329 


Determine water levels quarterly 


13 


GWIC ID 4248 


Determine water levels quarterly 


16 


GWIC ID 4211 


Determine water levels quarterly 


17 


GWIC ID 4297 


Determine water levels quarterly 


19 


GWIC ID 4290 


Determine water levels quarterly 


22 


GWIC ID 4261 


Determine water levels quarterly 


23 


GWIC ID 124105 


Determine water levels quarterly 


24 


GWIC ID 144835 


Determine water levels quarterly 



A2-32 




1 ■rW-'i^Uf^ 



UNITED STATES 



5 10 15KIL0MFERS 

I ' r-^— ^ 

5 10 MILES 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL-SEAM DEWATERING 



A2-33 



ANNEX 3 



RECOMMENDED FLOW APPORTIONMENT 

IN THE POPLAR RIVER BASIN 

BY THE INTERNATIONAL SOURIS-RED RIVERS ENGINEERING BOARD, 

POPLAR RIVER TASK FORCE (1976) 



A3-1 



*RECOMMENDED FLOW APPORTIONMENT 
IN THE POPLAR RIVER BASIN 

The aggregate natural flow of all streams and tributaries in the Poplar River Basin crossing the 
International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the United States subject to the 
following conditions: 



The total natural flow of the West Fork Poplar River and all its tributaries crossing the 
International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the United States but 
the flow at the International Boundary in each tributary shall not be depleted by more than 
60 percent of its natural flow. 

The total natural flow of all remaining streams and tributaries in the Poplar River Basin 
crossing the International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the 
United States. Specific conditions of this division are as follows: 

(a) Canada shall deliver to the United States a minimum of 60 percent of the natural 
flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River at the International Boundary, as determined 
below the confluence of Goose Creek and Middle Fork. 

(b) The delivery of water from Canada to the United States on the East Poplar River 

shall be determined on or about the first day of June of each year as follows: 

(i) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the immediately 
preceding March 1st to May 31st period does not exceed 4,690 cubic 
decameters (3,800 acre-feet), then a continuous minimum flow of 0.028 
cubic metres per second (1.0 cubic foot per second) shall be delivered to 
the United States on the East Poplar River at the International Boundary 
throughout the succeeding 12 month period commencing June 1st. In 
addition, a volume of 370 cubic decameters (300 acre-feet) shall be 
delivered to the United States upon demand at any time during the 12 
month period commencing June 1st. 

(ii) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the immediately 
preceding March 1st to May 31st period is greater than 4,690 cubic 
decameters (3,800 acre-feet), but does not exceed 9,250 cubic decameters 
(7,500 acre-feet), 

Canada-United Slates, 1976, Joint studies for flow apportionment. Poplar River Basin, Montana -Saskatchewan: Main Report, 
International Souris-Rcd Rivers Board, Poplar River Task Force, 43 pp. 



A3-3 



then a continuous minimum flow of 0.057 cubic metres per second (2.0 cubic 
feet per second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar 
River at the hitemational Boundary during the succeeding period June 1st 
through August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.028 cubic metres per second 
(1.0 cubic feet per second) shall then be maintained from September 1st 
through to May 3 1st of the following year, hi addition, a volume of 61 7 cubic 
decameters (500 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon 
demand at any time during the 12-month period commencing June 1st. 



(iii) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as determined 

below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the immediately preceding 
March 1st to May 31st period is greater than 9,250 cubic decameters (7,500 
acre-feet), but does not exceed 14,800 cubic decameters (12,000 acre-feet), 
then a continuous minimum flow of 0.085 cubic metres per second (3.0 cubic 
feet per second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar 
River at the International Boundary during the succeeding period June 1st 
through August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.057 cubic metres per second 
(2.0 cubic feet per second) shall then be maintained from September 1st 
through to May 3 1st of the following year. In addition, a volume of 617 cubic 
decameters (500 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon 
demand at any time during the 12 month period commencing June 1st. 

(iv) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar, as determined below 

the confluence of Goose Creek, during the immediately preceding March 1 st 
to May 31st period exceeds 14,800 cubic decameters (12,000 acre-feet) then a 
continuous minimum flow of 0.085 cubic metres per second (3.0 cubic feet 
per second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar River at 
the International Boundary during the succeeding period June 1st through 
August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.057 cubic metres per second (2.0 
cubic feet per second) shall then be maintained from September 1 st through to 
May 31st of the following year. In addition, a volume of 1,230 cubic 
decameters (1,000 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon 
demand at any time during the 12-month period commencing June 1st. 

(c) The natural flow at the International Boundary in each of the remaining 

individual tributaries shall not be depleted by more than 60 percent of its 
natural flow. 



The natural flow and division periods for apportionment purposes shall be determined, 
unless otherwise specified, for periods of time commensurate with the uses and 
requirements of both countries. 



A3 -4 



ANNEX 4 



CONVERSION FACTORS 



A4-1 



CONVERSION FACTORS 



ac 


— 


4,U4 / m = U.U4U4 / ha 


ac-ft 


= 


1,233.5 m^ = 1.2335 dam^ 


°C 


= 


5/9(''F-32) 


cm 


= 


0.3937 in. 


cm" 


= 


0.155 in- 


dam^ 


= 


1,000 m^ = 0.8107 ac-ft 


ft^ 


= 


28.3171 X 10"V 


ha 


= 


10,000 m- = 2.471 ac 


hm 


= 


100 m = 328.08 ft 


hm 


= 


1 X lOSn^ 


I. gpm 


= 


0.0758 L/s 


in 


= 


2.54 cm 


kg 


= 


2.20462 lb =1.1x10-' tons 


km 


= 


0.62137 miles 


km^ 


= 


0.3861 mi^ 


L 


= 


0.3532 ft^ = 0.21997 I. gal = 0.26420 U.S. gal 


L/s 


= 


0.035 cfs= 13.193 I. gpm = 15.848 U.S. gpm 


m 


= 


3.2808 ft 


m^ 


= 


10.765 ft' 


m^ 


= 


1,000 L = 35.3144 ft^ = 219.97 I. gal= 264.2 I 


mVs 


= 


35.314 cfs 


mm 


= 


0.00328 ft 


tonne 


= 


1,000 kg = 1.1023 ton (short) 


U.S. gpm 


= 


0.0631 L/s 


For Air Samples 


-' 



ppm = 100 pphm = 1000 x (Molecular Weight of substance/24.45) mg/m^ 



A4-3