UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D
.C. 20460 

## AUG1.2011

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT: FROM:

THRU: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration**'** w: Pyriproxyfen (129032) David W. Brassard, SeniorEntomologist

# iJ~**d...4.s.s~** Biological Analysis Branch

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# b**J,~ ~**  Katherine Stebbins, Biologist

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Science Information and Analysis Branch Elizabeth Hill, Economist Economic Analysis Branch Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) Arnet Jones, Chief Biological Analysis Branch Diann Sims, Chief

# ~u Science Information and Analysis Branch
Economic Analysis Branch

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# f'--l Timothy Kiely, Chief

### ~**.M ~**  

# &**/I~ ~** tfL>/ ((,.**~~Sf-** 2011 Biological and Economic Analysis Divi ion (7503P) TO: Khue Nguyen, Chemical Review Manager Risk Management & ImplementationBranch 1 Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P)


### PeerReview Panel date: July 20, 2011 INTRODUCTION The purpose ofthis document is to conveyusage information and a broad overview ofthepest managementroles ofpesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The anticipated audience consists ofthe team ofEPA staffcurrently evaluating the registration status ofPyriproxyfen (129032), and eventuallythe general public. This documentbuilds uponthe data already provided in the "Usage and Label Use DataPackages" that are also providedto Registration Reviewteams by BEAD. The document is based oninformation and data available to BEAD as ofMarch 8, 2011.


### 1Pyriproxyfen is a broad spectrumpyridine-based insecticide. Itis classified as a Group 7C juvenile honnone mimic (lRAC 2010). Pyriproxyfen is only active against immature life statges ofarthropods (e.g. eggs, larvae, nymphs) and has no activity against adults. Pyriproxyfen is commonly fonnulated with MGK264, piperonyl butoxide, pyrethrins, imidacloprid, phenothrin, and pennethrin. Pyriproxyfen is used to control ants, cockroaches, crickets, poultry litter beetles, fleas, flies, gnats, midges, mosquitoes, scales, ticks, whiteflies, and other insects. 

### USE SITES Agricultural Use Sites Pyriproxyfen is labeled for use on a variety ofagricultural crops including, artichokes, asparagus, brassica leafy vegetables, leafy vegetables, legume vegetables, bananas, plantains, berries, bulb vegetables, citrus, cotton, cucurbits, cranberries, fruiting vegetables, pome fruit, stone fruit, grapes, grass/forage, olives, pastures/rangeland, pawpaw, pineapple, pomegranate, root and tuber vegetableslleaves ofroot and tuber vegetables, small fruit vine climbing crops, strawberries, tree nuts, tropicaVsubtropical fruits, and watercress. In addition, there are state and local needs registrations for use ontomatoes and pistachios. Pyriproxyfen is also labeled for indoor and outdoor container orfield grown ornamentals in commercial nurseries, non-bearing nut, citrus, and other non-bearing fruit trees, conifer nurseries, and sod farms. Pyriproxyfen is also labeled for use inpoultry houses. Non-Agricultural Use Sites Pryiproxyfen is labeled for use in and around residential and commercial/industrial establishments including food storage and food handling establishments, and transportation vehicles. There are numerous outdoor sites including residential and commercial lawns/ ornamentals, golfcourses, airports, recreational areas, rights-ofway, and uncultivated nonagricultural areas. Aquatic uses include temporary orpennanentwaterholding sites (ornamental ponds, waste water and settling ponds, catchbasins/sewers etc.) that do not drain into natural water bodies. Pyriproxyfen is also registered for use onpets and pet living quarters. 

### COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS Pyriproxyfen is available in many fonnulations including granular, dust, pelletedltableted, microencapsulated, impregnated, water soluble packs, emulsifiable concentrate, ready-to-use solution, and as pressurized gas, liquid, and dust fonns. Agricultural Uses For agricultural sites, pyriproxyfen may be applied as a foliar or donnant spray using aerial or ground equipment. For fire ant control, the granular fonnulation is applied to the ground around agricultural crops and fruit and nuttrees.

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### Non-Agricultural Uses Pyriproxyfen may be applied to indoor sites as a general sW'face spray, crack and crevice spray/foam, or space spray using an aerosol generator/fogger or ultra low volume equipment. For outdoor sites, pyriproxyfen maybe applied as a general surface spray or perimetertreatment around buildings and structures. The granular formulation maybe applied as a broadcast treatment using a spreader or as a spot treatment where the applications are made directly to the mound (for ftre ants). Pyriproxyfen may be applied to pets as a spot-on treatment, spray, or impregnated collar. Applications to sewage catchbasins or other water holding sites maybe made using water soluble sachets. 

### USAGE Agricultural Usage Based onprivate market survey data from 2006-2008, usage averaged approximately 20,000 pounds for 250,000 acres (Proprietary Data, 2006-2008). Pyriproxyfen is typically applied at a rate of0.025-0.10 pounds per acre depending onthe crop (Table 1). From 2006-2008, the top crops in terms oftotal pounds ofactive ingredient applied were oranges (49%), pears (13%), cotton (10%) and almonds (7%) (Figure 1). These crops were also the top interms ofthe total acres treated, although the ranking was different. Oranges accounted for 35% ofthe total acres treated followed by almonds (24%), cotton (14%) and pears (9%).

Almonds 7%

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2008 Other crops (listed in order ofranking) includes: grapefruit, cantaloupes, apples, lemons, strawberries, walnuts, tomatoes, plums/prunes, cucumbers, cherries, beans, pistachios, peaches, onions, peppers, raisins.



### 3T bl 1 T
. al A
. ul al U P a e .yplC ,gnc tur se attems or fi Pyriproxyfen Average Average Application Rate Number of Crop! (pounds AIlA) Applications Oran2es 0.10 1.0 Pears 0.10 1.3 Cotton 0.05 1.2 Almonds 0.02 1.0 Grapefruit 0.10 1.0 Cantaloupes 0.06 1.7 Apples 0.10 1.3 Lemons 0.10 1.0 Strawberries 0.09 1.4 Walnuts 0.09 1.0 Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2008 IRate information is not available for all crops with usage data The states with the most agricultural usage 

### interms ofpounds 

### AI applied are California,Washington, Oregon, and Florida (Figure 2). Interms ofthe total areatreated, the top states were California (78%), Washington (6%), Arizona (5%), and Oregon (5%). Fi
Oregon 7%
Washington 8%

Source: Proprietary Data, 2006-2008 Florida

California 74%

Another measure ofusage is the percent ofthe crop that is treated (PCT). The Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA), reports the PCT values across multiple data sources and years (2001- 2008). According tothe 2010 SLUA, pears hadthe highest average PCT at 30% followed by almonds and oranges (10% each) and 5% each for cantaloupes, grapefruit, lemons, plums, strawberries, tangerines, andtomatoes (EPA, 2010).

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### Non-Agricultural Usage Usage data for applications in nursery/greenhouse settings shows an increase inuse from under 50 pounds ofpyriproxyfenapplied in 1999 to approximately 5,500 pounds applied in 2006 (Kline and Co. Inc., 2000-2007). Use on sod farms also increased from belowthe reporting threshold of 1,000 and 3,000 pounds in 2002 and 2004, respectively, tojustover to,OOO pounds in2006 (Kline and Co. Inc., 2000-2007). Approximately 19,000 pounds ofpyriproxyfenwas used byprofessional pestmanagement finns in 2003 which is an increase fromjustunder 500 pounds applied in 2000 (Kline and Co. Inc., 2001,2003). In a separate report covering**th~** 

### professional and consumer fire ant control markets, approximately 9,000 pounds ofpyriproxyfenwas used in 2003(Kline and Co. Inc., 2004). Pyriproxyfen use was not reported in the available consumerusage datareports, food handling establishmentreports, orthe reports coveringprofessional applications for mosquito control. While usage was not reported by these sources, the reporting is limited to onlythe major products used. Therefore, usage may be occurring belowthe reporting threshold
. USE TRENDS The historical usage dataprovided in this section has notbeen analyzed in detail and is provided for preliminary scoping purposes only, to convey a broad overview ofpyriproxyfen atthe beginning ofthe registration review process. Figure 3 illustrates the general use trend for pyriproxifen focusing onthe top crops identified earlier. In general, usage on oranges, pears, and crops in the "other" category has generally beenincreasing and use on cotton and almonds fluctuated overthe 1998-2008 time period (Figure 3)
. lied 1998-2008 30,000 ..,----- --- --- ------ ---- ------

• Other • Almonds • Cotton • Pears • Oranges



### o 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Source: Proprietary Data, 1998-2008 Other includes: apples, beans, cantaloupes, cherries, cucumbers, grapefruit, grapes, lemons, onions, peaches, peppers, pistachios, plums/prunes, strawberries, tomatoes, and walnuts
. 

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### BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO PYRIPROXYFEN Pyriproxyfen is a broad spectrumpyridine-based insecticide. Itis classified as a Group 7C juvenilehormone mimic (IRAC 2010). Pyriproxyfen is commonly formulated withMGK264, andpyrethrins. Resistance There are 36 known documented incidents ofBemisia tabaci (sweetpotato whitefly) resistance to pyriproxyfen in cotton occurring from 1992 to the present (Table 2). 

### Table2. Documented incidents ofBemisia tabaci 

### (sweetpotato whitefly) resistance to



# .**~** 

### pynprox:"len Year Documented Locations Incidents 2008 6 Arizona, USA 

### 2007 3 Arizona, USA 

### 2006 2 Arizona, USA 

### 2005 3 Arizona, USA 

### 2003 1 Israel Arizona, USA; 

### 2002 17 Israel 

### 2001 1 Israel 

### 1999 1 Israel 

### 1994

-I Israel 

### 1992 1 Israel Source: Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database 2011 

### mSTORY OFBEAD ASSESSMENTS FORPYRIPROXYFEN Pyriproxyfenhas notbeenthe subject ofany risk mitigation impact assessments developed by BEAD. There have been multiple emergency exemption (Section 18) requests for the use of pyriproxyfen. The use sites andrequesting states vary widely. Fora complete list ofthese requests, please see Attachment A. 

### INFORMATION THAT MAY BEHELPFUL FORBEAD'S FUTUREWORK ON PYRIPROXYFEN Obtaining additional information onthe following items would improve future BEAD assessments ofthe importance ofpyriproxyfen andmayberequired as part ofthe registration review ofthis pesticide. -Usage data such as pounds AI applied, areatreated, typical use rates, and typical number ofapplications would be useful for the agricultural crops that are not covered inthe usage section ofthis document. -Usage datafor indoor/outdoor consumer use (residential) -Usage datafor use in and around food handling establishments/foodprocessing establishments, and commercial and institutional facilities. 

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### REFERENCES Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database. 2011. MichigaQ. State University Extension. Accessed February 2011, available online athttp://www.pesticideresistance.org EPA. 2010. Screening Level Usage Analysis. EPA. 2010. Section 18 Actions. AccessedNovember 23,2010 Online: http://cfpubl.epa.gov/oppref/section18/search.cfm
Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC). 2010. IRAC Mode ofAction Classification Scheme. Issued September 2010, accessed February 2011. Available online at http://www.irac-online.orglwp-contentiuploads/2009/09IMoA-classification
_v7.0.4- SOctlO.pdf Kline and Co., Inc. (2000-2003). The Professional Pest ManagementMarket for Pesticides. Kline and Co., Inc. (2000-2007). Professional Turfand Ornamental Markets for Pesticides and Fertilizers. Kline and Co., Inc. (2004). U.S. Professional and Consumer**Fir~** 

### Ant Control Markets. Proprietary Data. 1998-2008.


### ATTACHMENTA TableA-I: History ofSection 18 Requests for Pyripro:xyfen DP Barcodt(8) Site Pest Applicant Received Response Status for BEAD Date Date Assessments, IfConduced ALMOND FIRE ANTS CALIFORNIA 8/18/1998 213/1999 ISSUED ALMOND FIRE ANTS CALIFORNIA 5/5/1999 5/20/1999 ISSUED ALMOND FIRE ANTS CALIFORNIA 10/13/1998 10/13/1998 CRISIS APPROVED
BEAN WHITEFLY, FLORIDA 111912005 219/2005 ISSUED SILVER LEAF
BEAN SILVERLEAF GEORGIA 9/13/2004 9/13/2004 CRISIS WHITEFLY APPROVED
BEAN SILVERLEAF GEORGIA 9/29/2004 1013112004 WITHDRAWN WHITEFLY



### 7It· , DP Barcode(8) Site 

## I r Pest Applicant Received**Res~nse** Status for BEAD Date Date Assessments, It: BEAN, SILVERLEAF GEORGIA 7/212001 8/30/2001 ISSUED D276060, SUCCULENT WHITEFLY D276061

CELERY WHITE FLIES CALIFORNIA 91212003 216/2004 ISSUED COTTON WHITEFLIES ARIZONA 212611998 5/21/1998 ISSUED COTTON WHITEFLY ARIZONA 3/511997 4/15/1997 ISSUED COTTON SILVERLEAF CALIFORNIA 3/9/1998 5/21/1998 ISSUED WHITEFLY COTTON WHITEFLY CALIFORNIA 1/16/1997 4/15/1997 ISSUED FRUIT, CITRUS, CAL. RED SCALE CALIFORNIA 111211999 3/31/1999 ISSUED

GROUP 10
FRUIT, CITRUS, RED SCALE CALIFORNIA 211211998 4/8/1998 ISSUED

GROUP 10
FRUIT, STONE, SAN JOSE SCALE CALIFORNIA 10/3/2000 10/25/2000 ISSUED

GROUP 12
FRUIT, STONE, SAN JOSE SCALE CALIFORNIA 9/28/2001 11/29/2001 ISSUED 278280,

GROUP 12 278283
FRUIT, STONE, SAN JOSE SCALE CALIFORNIA 9/24/1999 9/29/1999 ISSUED

GROUP 12
FRUIT, STONE, SAN JOSE SCALE CALIFORNIA 1/8/1999 212211999 ISSUED D252090,

GROUP 12 D252091

PEAR PEAR PSYLLA OREGON 1/8/1999 3/5/1999 ISSUED 251358, 253162; PEAR PEAR PSYLLA OREGON 2124/1998 3/4/1998 ISSUED D243579 PEAR PEARPSYLLA WASHINGTON 2125/1998 3/4/1998 ISSUED
PEAR PEARPSYLLA WASHINGTON 3/1/1999 3/5/1999 ISSUED 251358, 253162 SILVERLEAF STRAWBERRY WHITEFLY, CALIFORNIA 10/16/2003 1211212003 ISSUED GREENHOUSE

WHITEFLY



### 8Received Response**DP.~s)** Site p.est Applicant Status for -BEAD Data Data**~ments,** If, STRAWBERRY SILVERLEAF CALIFORNIA 9/29/2004 11/1212004 ISSUED WHITEFLY
STRAWBERRY WHITEFLY CALIFORNIA 10/10/2002 11/15/2002 ISSUED D286132
TOMATO SILVERLEAF FLORIDA 2125/1998 5/15/1998 ISSUED D243712, WHITEFLY D244133 TOMATO SILVERLEAF FLORIDA 4/5/1999 4/20/1999 ISSUED WHITEFLY VEGETABLE,

LEGUME, WHITEFLIES FLORIDA 11/26/2003 215/2004
. ISSUED GROUP
VEGETABLE , SILVERLEAF

LEGUME , WHITEFLY FLORIDA 1nt2002 2/5/2002 ISSUED GROUP 6 VEGETABLE, SILVERLEAF

LEGUME, WHITEFLY FLORIDA 11/212000 214/2001 ISSUED GROUP 6 VEGETABLE, SILVERLEAF

LEGUME, WHITELFLY FLORIDA 1/13/2003 217/2003 ISSUED GROUP 6 Source: EPA (2010); BEAD OffiCIal Records.

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