s 

333.91 

?I26prar 

1996 



1996 ANNUAL REPORT 

to the 

GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA, UNITED STATES, 

SASKATCHEWAN AND MONTANA 



STATE DOCUMENTS GOLLIGT!DN 
APR 03 13B8 

MONTANA STATE LIBRARY 

1515 E. 6th AVE. 
mtEMA. MQMIANA 59620 



by the 



POPLAR RIVER , 
BILATERAL MONITORING COMMITTEE 




Poplor 



COVERING CALENDAR YEAR 1996 



4 i'' S.,.% ^%. i*' 



I I 






December 1997 



MONTANA STATE LIBRARY 



3 0864 0010 3972 9 



im^^Ks:i''W!fmmm 



1996 ANNUAL REPORT 



to the 

GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA, UNITED STATES, 
SASKATCHEWAN, AND MONTANA 



by the 



POPLAR RIVER BILATERAL MONITORING COMMITTEE 
COVERING CALENDAR YEAR 1996 



December, 1997 



Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee 



Department of State 
Washington, D.C., United States 

Governor's Office 

State of Montana 

Helena, Montana, United States 



Department of External Affairs 
and International Trade Canada 
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 

Saskatchewan Environment and 
Resource Management 
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada 



Ladies and Gentlemen: 

Herein is the 16* Annual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. This report 
discusses the Committee activities of 1996 and presents the proposed schedule for 1997. 

During 1996, the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee continued to fulfil the 
responsibilities assigned by the governments under the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring 
Agreement dated September 23, 1980. Through exchange of Diplomatic Notes, on 
March 12, 1987, the Arrangement was extended to March 1991. In July 1992, another exchange 
of Diplomatic Notes extended the Arrangement retroactively from March 31, 1991 to March 31, 
1996. In December 1995, a request was made by the Committee to extend the Arrangement for 
another five years. In addition, the Arrangement was modified to terminate the quarterly exchange 
of data and substimte an aimual exchange of data. 

The enclosed report summarizes current conditions and compares them to guidelines for specific 
parameter values that were developed by the International Joint Commission under the 1977 
Reference from Canada and the United States. After examination and evaluation of the monitoring 
information for 1996, the Committee finds that the measured conditions meet the recommended 
objectives. However, the Committee notes that the flow-weighted concentration of total dissolved 
solids in streamflow in the East Poplar River at the International Boundary continues to increase 
and is approaching the long-term objective of 1,000 milligrams per litre. 

During 1996, monitoring continued in accordance with Technical Monitoring Schedules outlined 
in 1995 Armual Report of the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. 



Yours sincerely, 



Robert Davis 
Chairnj^jrVnited States Sectio 




.^^^^^ 





Richard Kellow 

Chairman, Canadian Section 



/O /U ^"^CL^ 



Jacjs^mlts 

Member, United States Section 



=^=^^9^ 



Darryl Nargang 

Member, Canadian Section 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Highlights for 1996 iii 

1.0 Introduction 1 

2.0 Committee Activities 2 

2.1 Memberships 2 

2.2 Meetings 2 

2.3 Review of Water-Quality Objectives 3 

2.4 Data Exchange 3 

3.0 Water and Air: Monitoring and Interpretations 5 

3.1 Poplar River Power Station Operation 5 

3.2 East Poplar River 5 

3.2.1 Streamflow 5 

3.2.2 Apportionment 6 

3.2.3 Minimum Flows 6 

3.2.4 On-demand Release 7 

3.2.5 Water-Quality 7 

3.2.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 8 

3.2.5.2 Boron 12 

3.2.5.3 Other Water-Quality Variables 15 

3.2.5.4 Alterations to the Water-Quality Parameter List 17 

3.3 Ground-Water 18 

3.3.1 Operations 18 

3.3.2 Ground-water Monitoring 19 

3.3.2.1 Saskatchewan 19 

3.3.2.2 Montana 22 

3.3.3 Ground-Water Quality 23 

3.3.3.1 Saskatchewan 23 

3.3.3.2 Montana 28 

3.4 Cookson Reservoir 29 

3.4.1 Storage 29 

3.4.2 Water-Quality 30 

3.5 Air Quality 30 

3.6 Quality Control 31 

3.6.1 Streamflow 31 

3.6.2 Water-Quality 31 

ANNEXES 

1.0 Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement, 

Canada-United States Al 

2.0 Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement, Technical 

Monitoring Schedules, 1997, Canada-United States A2 

3 . Recommended Flow Apportionment in the Poplar River Basin A3 

4.0 Metric Conversions A4 



1 - 



TABLES 

Table 2.1 Water-Quality Objectives 4 

Table 3.1 Recommended Water-Quality Objectives and Excursions, 1996 Sampling 

Program, East Poplar River at the International Boundary 16 

Table 3.2 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Supplementary 

Water Supply Project Wells 23 

Table 3.3 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from Soil Salinity Project 

Wells Sampled at the Discharge Pipe 24 

Table 3.4 Cookson Reservoir Storage Statistics for 1996 29 

Table 3.5 Streamflow Measurement Results for July 21, 1996 31 

FIGURES 

Figure 3.1 Discharge during 1996 Compared with the Median Discharge for 1961-1990 for the 

Poplar River at the International Boundary 5 

Figure 3.2 Flow Hydrograph of the East Poplar River at 

the International Boundary 7 

Figure 3.3 TDS Concentrations for 1996 Grab Samples from East Poplar River 

at the International Boundary 9 

Figure 3.4 Three-Month Moving, Flow-Weighted TDS Concentration for 

East Poplar River at the International Boundary 9 

Figure 3.5 Five- Year Moving, Flow- Weighted TDS Concentration for East 

Poplar River at the International Boundary 11 

Figure 3.6 Daily TDS Concentration, 1982 to 1996, East Poplar River 

at the International Boundary 11 

Figure 3.7 Boron Concentrations for 1996 Grab Samples from East Poplar 

River at the International Boundary 13 

Figure 3.8 Three-Month Moving, Flow- Weighted Boron Concentration for East 

Poplar River at the International Boundary 13 

Figure 3.9 Five- Year Moving, Flow-Weighted Boron Concentration for East 

Poplar River at the International Boundary 14 

Figure 3.10 Daily Boron Concentration, 1982 to 1996 East Poplar River 

at the International Boundary 14 

Figure 3.11 Drawdown for Hart Seam Aquifer as of December 1996 20 

Figure 3.12 Cone of Depression in the Empress Sands Due to the 

Salinity Projects as of December 1996 21 

Figure 3.13 Hydrographs of Selected Wells 22 

Figure 3.14 Total Dissolved Solids in Samples from Montana Wells 28 

Figure 3.15 Cookson Reservoir Mean Daily water Levels for 1996 and Mean Daily 

Monthly Water Levels for 1981-1991 30 



u- 



fflGHLIGHTS FOR 1996 

The Poplar River Power Station completed its thirteenth full year of operation in 1996. The two 
300-megawatt coal-fired units generated 4 355 700 gross megawatt hours of electricity which is 
about 97 percent of the 1995 power and 99 percent of 1994 power. The average capacity factors 
for Units No. 1 and 2 was 85.2 percent and 82.4 percent, respectively. 

Monitoring information collected in both Canada and the United States during 1996 was exchanged 
in the spring of 1997. In general, the sampling locations, frequency of collection, and parameters 
met the requirements identified in the 1996 Technical Monitoring Schedules set forth in the 1995 
annual report. 

Streamflow in the Poplar River basin was above normal in 1996. The March to October recorded 
flow for the Poplar River at the International Boundary, an indicator of namral flow in the basin, 
was 20 100 cubic decametres (dan^) which was 199 per cent of the 1931 to 1990 median seasonal 
flow. The 1996 recorded flow volume of the East Poplar River at the International Boundary was 
2 510 dam\ This volume is 85 per cent of the median annual flow since the completion of the 
Morrison Dam in 1975. Montana was entitled to a minimum discharge on the East Poplar River 
of 0.085 cubic metres per second (nf/s) for the period June 1 to August 31, 1996 and 0.057 nf/s 
from September 1, 1996 through May 31, 1997 based upon apportionment recommendations of 
the International Joint Commission (UC). The on-demand release, in accordance with the UC 
recommendations, entitled Montana to a release of 370 danf from Cookson Reservoir during the 
twelve-month period commencing June 1, 1996. Montana requested this release to be made 
between May 1 and May 30, 1996. A volume of 339 danf , in addition to the minimum flow, was 
delivered during this period. 

The 1996 5-year total dissolved solids (TDS) flow-weighted concentrations continued to approach 
the long-term objective of 1 000 milligrams per litre (mg/L). Boron concentrations for 1996 
continued to remain well below the long-term objective of 2.5 milligrams per litre (mg/L). One 
dissolved oxygen concenfration sample was below the objective of 4.0 mg/L. 

D. McNaughton, Environment Canada, at the request of the Bilateral Monitoring Committee 
conducted an analysis comparing the water-quality on the Poplar River main stem at the 
International Boundary with the East Poplar River. The report concluded that despite the fact that 
the Poplar River is not directly affected by the discharge of cooling water from the Poplar River 
Power Plant, it would appear that there are similarities in the long-term behaviour of water-quality 
in this branch of the river to that observed in the East Poplar River. Measured and calculated 
values for both TDS and Boron, however, remain well below the short- and long-term objectives 
that were established for the East Poplar River. 

- iii - 



1.0 INTRODUCTION 



The Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee was authorized for an initial period of five years 
by the Governments of Canada and the United States under the Poplar River Cooperative 
Monitoring Arrangement dated September 23, 1980. A copy of the Arrangement is attached to 
this report as Aimex 1. On March 12, 1987, the Arrangement was extended by the Governments 
for four years to March 1991. The Arrangement was further extended for another five years to 
March 1996, following a request from the Committee in 1991. A more detailed account of the 
historical background of the Monitoring Arrangement is contained in the 1990 Annual Report of 
the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee. 

The Committee oversees monitoring programs designed to evaluate the potential for transboundary 
impacts from SaskPower's (formerly Saskatchewan Power Corporation) coal -fired thermal 
generating station and ancillary operations near Coronach, Saskatchewan. Monitoring is 
conducted in Canada and the United States at or near the International Boundary for quantity and 
quality of surface and ground water and for air quality. Participants from both countries, 
including Federal, State and Provincial agencies, are involved in monitoring. 

The Conmiittee submits an annual report to Governments which summarizes the monitoring 
results, evaluates apparent trends, and compares the data to objectives or standards recommended 
by the International Joint Commission (IJC) to Governments, or relevant State, Provincial, or 
Federal objectives. The Committee reports to Governments on a calendar year basis. This report 
is the sixteenth in the series. The Committee is also responsible for drawing to the attention of 
Governments definitive changes in monitored parameters which may require immediate attention. 

A responsibility of the Committee is to review the adequacy of the monitoring programs in both 
countries and make recommendations to Government on the Technical Monitoring Schedules. The 
Schedules are updated annually for new and discontinued programs and for modifications in 
sampling frequencies, parameter lists, and analytical techniques of ongoing programs. The 
Technical Monitoring Schedules listed in the annual report (Annex 2) are given for the 
forthcoming year. The Committee will continue to review and propose changes to the Technical 
Monitoring Schedules as information requirements change. 



2.0 COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES 
2.1 Membership 



The Committee is composed of representatives of the Governments of the United States of 
America and Canada, the State Government of Montana, and the Provincial Government of 
Saskatchewan. In addition to the representatives of Governments, two ex-officio members serve 
as local representatives for the State of Montana and Province of Saskatchewan. 

During 1996, the members of the Committee included: Mr. R. Davis, U.S. Geological Survey, 
United States representative and Cochair; Mr. R. Kellow, Environment Canada, Canadian 
representative and Cochair; Mr. G. Fritz, Montana Department of Namral Resources and 
Conservation, Montana representative; Mr. D. D. Nargang, Saskatchewan Environment and 
Resource Management, Saskatchewan representative; Mr. C.W. Tande, Daniels County 
Commissioner, Montana local ex-officio representative; and Mr. J.R. Totten, Reeve, R.M. of Hart 
Butte, Saskatchewan local ex-officio representative. 



2.2 Meeting s 



The Committee met on August 20 and 21, 1996, in Coronach, Saskatchewan. Delegated 
representatives of Governments, with the exception of the two ex-officio members from Montana 
and Saskatchewan, attended the meeting. In addition to Committee members, several technical 
advisors representing Federal, State and Provincial agencies participated in the meeting. During 
the meeting, the Committee reviewed the operational status of the Poplar Power Plant and 
associated coal mining activities; examined data collected in 1995 including surface water-quality 
and quantity, ground water-quality and quantity, and air quality; established the Technical 
Monitoring Schedules for 1997; discussed proposed changes in water-quality objectives and the 
possibility of replacing the flow-weighing method currently used to compute total dissolved solids 
and boron. The Committee also prepared the first draft of the 1995 annual Report to 
Governments. 



2.3 Review of Water-Q iialitv Ohjectives 

The International Joint Commission in its Report to Governments, titled " Water-Quality in the 
Poplar River Basin", recommended that the Committee "periodically review the water-quality 
objectives within the overall Basin context and recommend new and revised objectives as 
appropriate". In 1991, the Committee undertook a review of water-quality objectives. 

The Committee approved changes in water-quality objectives recommended by the 1991 
subcommittee which was formed to review the objectives. Revised objectives approved by the 
Committee are listed in Table 2.1. 

The Committee discussed the water-quality objectives for 5-year and 3-month flow-weighted 
concentrations for total dissolved solids and boron. Although the Committee agreed that 
calculation procedures to determine flow-weighted concentrations are time consuming and 
probably scientifically questionable, no consensus was reached on alternative objectives or 
procedures. Objectives for un-ionized ammonia, pH, and mercury in fish tissue and the rationale 
for using flow-weighted averages in the determinations of total dissolved solids and boron will 
require additional smdy. 

Another responsibility of the Committee has included an ongoing exchange of data acquired 
through the monitoring programs. Exchanged data and reports are available for public viewing 
at the agencies of the participating governments or from Committee members. 

2.4 Data Exchange 

The Committee is responsible for assuring exchange of data between governments. The exchange 
of monitoring information was initiated in the fu-st quarter of 1981 and was an expansion of the 
informal quarterly exchange program initiated between the United States and Canada in 1976. 
Until 1991, data were exchanged on a quarterly basis. At the request of the Committee, the 
United States and Canada agreed to replace the quarterly exchange of data with an annual 
exchange effective at the beginning of the 1992 calendar year. Henceforth, data will be exchanged 
once each year as soon after the end of the calendar year as possible. However, unusual 
conditions or anomalous information will be reported and exchanged whenever warranted. No 
unusual conditions occurred during 1996 which warranted special reporting. 



Table 2.1 Water-Quality Objectives 



PARAMETER 


PRESENT 
OBJECTIVE 


RECOMMENDATION 


NEW OBJECTIVE 


Boron - total 


3.5/2.5' 


Discontinue flow weighting 


TBD 


TDS 


1500/1000' 


Discontinue flow weighting 


TBD 


Aluminum, dissolved 


0.1 


Discontinue 





Ammonia, im-ionized 


0.02 


Base objective on temperamre 
and pH (table to be done later) 




Cadmium, total 


0.0012 


Continue as is 


0.0012 


Chromium, total 


0.05 


Discontinue 





Copper, dissolved 


0.005 


Discontinue 





Copper, total 


1.0 


Contmue as is 


1.0 


Fluoride, dissolved 


1.5 


Continue as is 


1.5 


Lead, total 


0.03 


Continue as is 


0.03 


Mercury, dissolved 


0.0002 


Change to total 


0.0002 


Mercury, fish (mg/kg) 


0.5 


Discuss with fisheries people 


TBD 


Nitrate 


10 


Continue as is 


10 


Oxygen, dissolved 


4.0/5.0^ 


Objective applies only during 
open water 


4.0/5.0^ 


SAR (units) 


10.0 


Continue as is 


10.0 


Sulfate, dissolved 


800 


Continue as is 


800 


Zinc, total 


0.03 


Continue as is 


0.03 


Water temperature (C) 


30.0' 


Continue as is 


30.0^ 


pH (units) 


6.5* 


Continue as is (need to 
determine what is namral) 


6.5* 


Coliform (no./lOO ml) 








Fecal 


2,000 


Discontinue 





Total 


20,000 


Discontinue 





Units in mg/L except as noted. 

1. Five-year average of flow-weighted concentrations (March to October) should be < 2.5 boron, < 1,000 
TDS. Three-month average of flow-weighted concentration should be <3.5 boron and < 1500 TDS. 

2. 5.0 (mmimum April 10 to May 15), 4.0 (mmimum remainder of year). 

3. Namral temperature (April 10 to May 15), <30 degree Celsius (remainder of year) 

4. Less than 0.5 pH imits above namral, minimum pH=6.5. TBD - To Be Determined. 



3.0 WATER AND AIR: MONITORING AND INTERPRETATIONS 

3.1 Poplar River Pow er Station Operation 

In 1996, the average capacity factor for Unit No. 1 was 85.2 percent. The average capacity factor 
for Unit No. 2 was 82.4 percent. The capacity factors are based on the maximum generation 
rating of 297.8 MW/h for Unit No. 1 and 294.0 MW/h for Unit No. 2. Total power generated 
from both units was 4,355,700 gross megawatt-hours which is about 97 percent of 1995 power 
and 99 percent of 1994 power. 

The only activity completed on the ash lagoons during 1996 was the installation of a new discharge 
culvert between Ash Lagoons 1 and 2. The construction of new ash dykes around Ash Lagoon 
#2 may take place in 1997 to make room for future operations. 

3.2 East Poplar River 
3.2.1 Streamflow 



Streamflow in the Poplar River basin was above normal in 1996. The March to October recorded 
flow of the Poplar River at the International Boundary, an indicator of namral flow in the basin, 
was 20 100 cubic decameters (dam') or 199 percent of the 1931 to 1990 median seasonal flow. 
A comparison of 1996 mean monthly discharge with the 1931-90 median flow is shown in Figure 
3.1. 



Figure 3.1 



o 

z 

8 



MEDIAN OF MCXmiLY MEAN DISCHARGE FOR 1931-90 

MONTHLY MEAN DISCHARGE FOR 1996 



s '<^ a 



o 
cr 

< 0.5 

a 



MAR 




APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT 

Discharge during 1996 as Compared with the Median Discharge from 1931- 
1990 for Poplar River at the International Boundary. 



The 1996 recorded flow volume of the East Poplar River at the International Boundary was 2 510 
dam\ This volume is 85% of the median annual flow since the completion of Morrison Dam in 
1975. 

3.2.2 Apportionment 

In 1976 the International Souris-Red Rivers Engineering Board, through its Poplar River Task 
Force, completed an investigation and made a recommendation to the Governments of Canada and 
the United States regarding the apportionment of waters of the Poplar River basin. Although not 
officially adopted by the two countries, the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee has 
adhered to the Apportionment Recommendations in each of its annual reports. Annex 3 contains 
the apportionment recommendation. 

3.2.3 Minimum Flows 

The recorded volume of the Poplar River at the International Boundary from March 1 to May 31 , 
1996 was 15 300 dam^ Based on UC recommendations and the assumption that the recorded flow 
is the namral flow, the United States was entitled to a minimum discharge on the East Poplar of 
0.085 mVs for the period June 1, 1996 to August 31, 1996 and 0.057 ni/s from September 1, 
1996 through May 31, 1997. The minimum flow for the period January 1 to May 31, 1996 had 
previously been determined on the basis of the Poplar River flow volume for March 1 to May 31, 
1995. A hydrograph of the East Poplar River at the International Boundary and the minimum flow 
as reconmiended by the UC are shown in Figure 3.2. 

Daily flows during 1996 met or exceeded the minimum flow recommended by the UC through the 
year except for the June 1 to August 31 period. Daily flows during this period were generally 
below the recommended minimum and resulted in a deficit delivery volume of 113 danf for the 
period. 




FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT CXJT NOV DEC 



Figure 3.2 Flow Hydrograph of the East Poplar River at the Interaational Boundary. 



3.2.4 On-Demand Release 

In addition to the minimum flow, the UC apportionment recommendation entitles Montana to an 
on-demand release to be delivered during the twelve-month period commencing June 1 . Based on 
the runoff volume of 2 110 dam? recorded at the Poplar River at the International Boundary 
gaging station during the March 1 to May 31, 1995 period, Montana was entitled to an additional 
release of 370 dam' from Cookson Reservoir during the twelve month period commencing June 
1, 1995. Montana requested this release to be made between May 1 and May 30, 1996. A 
volume of 339 dam' , in addition to the minimum flow, was delivered during this period. This 
delivery was 31 dam' less than the entitled release. 

3.2.5 Water-Quality 

The 1981 report by the UC to Governments recommended: 



For the March to October period, the maximum flow-weighted concentrations should not 
exceed 2.5 milligrams per litre (mg/L)for boron and 1500 mg/Lfor TDSfor any three 
consecutive months in the East Poplar River at the International Boundary. For the 
March to October period, the long-term average of flow-weighted concentrations should 
be 2.5 mgIL or less for boron, and 1000 mg/L or less for IDS in the East Poplar River 
at the International Boundary. 



8 

For the period prior to 1982, the three-month moving flow- weighted concentration (FWC) for 
boron and TDS was calculated solely from monthly monitoring results. Since the begiiming of 
1982, the USGS has monitored specific conductance daily in the East Poplar River at the 
International boundary, making it possible to derive boron and TDS concentration using a linear 
regression relationship with specific conductance. Thus, the three-month FWC for boron and TDS 
for the period 1982 to 1996 was calculated from both the results of monthly monitoring and the 
daily concentration estimates. 

The Bilateral Monitoring Committed adopted the approach that for the purpose of comparison with 
the proposed IJC long-term objectives, the boron and TDS data are best plotted as a five-year 
moving FWC which is advanced one month at a time. Prior to 1988, long-term averages were 
calculated for a five-year period in which 2.5 years preceded and 2.5 years followed each plotted 
point. Begiiming in 1988, the FWC was calculated from the five year period preceding each 
plotted point. For example, the FWC for December 1996 is calculated from data generated over 
the period December 1991 to December 1996. The calculations are based on the results of samples 
collected throughout the year, and are not restricted to only those collected during the months 
bracketing the period of irrigation (March to October) each year. 

3.2.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 

There is an inverse relationship between TDS and streamflow at the International Boundary 
station. During periods of high runoff such as spring freshet, TDS drops as the proportion of 
streamflow derived from ground water decreases. Conversely, during times of low streamflow 
(late summer, winter) the contribution of ground water to streamflow is proportionally greater. 
Because ground water has a higher ionic strength than the surface water entering the river, the 
TDS of the stream increases markedly during low flow conditions. 

TDS grab sample data collected by Environment Canada and the USGS in 1996 are shown in 
Figure 3.3. TDS ranged from 731 mg/L on February 14 to 1100 mg/L on December 19. The 
proposed short-term objective for TDS is 15(X) mg/L. A time plot of the three-month moving 
FWC for TDS is presented in Figure 3.4. The objective has not been exceeded during the period 
of record. On inspection of the plot however, it is apparent that the three-month FWC has been 
increasing gradually, year by year. 



Figure 3.3: TDS Concentration for 1996 Grab Samples from East 
Poplar River at the International Boundary 



1200 



^1. 1070' 



E 



1000 



800 



■2 600 



400 



200 



.993-4-1C)06*-^°30 2- 



♦ 961 ^947 



-,^86-^1 005^:990^1 020» 



♦ 1100 
1020* 10^. 



♦ 731,* 745, 



3-Jan 14- 14- 25-Apr 2-May 10-Jun 15-Jul 15-Jul 15-Jul 15-Jul 15-Jul 26- 15-Oct 13- 19- 
Feb Mar Sep Nov Dec 



Figure 3.4: Three-Month Flow-Weighted TDS Concentrations for East 
Poplar River at the International Boundary 



E 



1400 

1200 

1000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

































« 
















/I 












/ 






>. 


^ 


% 


f- 


^ 


-. 


1 


V 


^/l- 


f 


(i 


V 


k 


V 


W)^ 


^ 


^ 




V 






\ 


V 




, i 






f 
















1 


r 












1 






f 




































































74 


75 


76 


77 78 7 


9 80 


81 


82 83 


84 


85 


86 87 


88 


89 


90^91 

1 
1 


92 


93 


94 


95 


9€ 



I ...... Regression-Derived Data 

Grab Sample Data 



Year 



10 

The five-year FWC for TDS (Figure 3.5) continued to approach, but remained below the long- 
term objective of 1000 mg/L. The maximum monthly value calculated in 1996 was slightly over 
991 mg/L. This is also the highest value for this parameter for the period of record. The gradual 
increase in five-year FWC for TDS is due to insufficient surface runoff, particularly reflected in 
the spring flows, which has not allowed for sufficient flushing of Cookson Reservoir. 

The daily TDS values, as generated from the daily specific conductance readings from 1982 to 
1996 are shown in Figure 3.6. The data show a gradual but discernible increase in TDS over this 
period. 

The relationship between TDS and conductivity applied to data collected from 1975 to 1996 is 
as follows: 



TDS = (0.639 X speciric conductance) -I- 11.286 
(R^ = 0.87, n = 517) 



11 



1200 



1000 



-=- 800 



600 



200 



Figure 3.5: Five- Year Moving Flow^-Weighted TDS Concentration for East Poplar 
River at the International Boundary 










^ j 


















i 


1 








i 


























r 








.-^— 




j : 




r^ '' 








i fS i 






] 


i 1 

J 1 ! 

1 j 














1 

i 1 
i 1 






i :l- — 










! < 














j 1 
















1 i 
i 








i 


























74 75 

1 


! 

76 77 

i 


78 


79 


1 1 

80 81 82 i 83 84 

i 1 1 


85 


86 


87 88 ; 89 

1 1 


90 91 92 

1 1 


93 


94 


95 


96 



Year 



1500 



a> 

^ 1000 



D 500 



Figure 3.6: Daily TDS Concentration, 1982 to 1996; East Poplar River 
at tile International Boundary (regression-derived data) 




Dec-81 Dec-83 Dec-85 Dec-87 Dec-89 Dec-91 Dec-93 Dec-95 

Dec-82 Dec-84 Dec-86 Dec-88 Dec-90 Dec-92 Dec-94 Dec-96 

Year 



12 
3.2.5.2 Boron 

Figure 3.7 shows that during 1996, boron concentrations in the East Poplar River at the 
International Boundary varied from 1.3 (14-February and 14-March) to 2.0 mg/L (10- June). 

The three-month boron FWC for the period of record is shown in Figure 3.8. The short term 
objective of 3.5 mg/L has not been exceeded over the period 1975 to 1996. It can be seen that the 
data derived from grab samples and that derived from regression with specific conductance are 
similar, with the highs and lows in some degree of correspondence. This indicates that the 
regression generation of boron (and TDS) values is in general terms, a valid procedure. 

The five-year boron FWC displayed in Figure 3.9 remained well below the long-term objective 
of 2.5 mg/L. From mid- 1993 to the end of the data period there is a distinct drop in the computed 
values. The reason for this drop is not known at this time. 

The relationship between boron and specific conductance at the East Poplar River sampling 
location during the period 1975 to 1996 is described by the equation: 

boron = (0.0013 x specific conductance) - 0.092 
(R^ = 0.61, n = 517) 



13 



Figure 3.7: Boron Concentration for 1996 Grab Samples from East Poplar 
River at the International Boundary 



2.2 



1.8 - 



1.6 



1.4 



1.2 



-♦-2- 



♦ 19, 



♦-f89* 19 ♦ 1 9 ^ 1 89 



',♦19 



1 83 



' ♦ 1 82 L 



♦ 1 84 



♦ 1 77 , 



♦ 15. 



♦13 ♦IS 



4 i^^ 



1.9 



03- 14- 14- 25- 02- 10- 15- 15- 15- 15- 15- 26- 15- 13- 19- 
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Sep Oct Nov Dec 



Figure 3.8: Three-Month Moving Flow-Weighted Boron Concentration for 
East Poplar River at the International Boundary 





1600 




1400 


i 


1200 


ti 


1000 


g 
ffi 


800 


•8 


600 
400 




200 








■1 

■i 


|^\/l 


^ 


" 

t 


i 


^ 


A 

i 

I 

82 


B3 


84 


- - 1 
85" 


86 


87 


B6 


89' 


90 


91 


"92" 


1 

93' 


r 

94 


it 

i 

95 


r 

96 


74 '75 


76 77 


78 




80 


81 



•Grab Sample Data 

■ Regression Derived Data 



14 



Figure 3.9: Five- Year Moving Flow-Weighted Boron Concentration for East Poplar 
River at the International Boundary 



2 


i 

' : : 


1 














■ 








1 
1 

I 
] 






15 


i ! 

1 1 

' 1 




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74 


75 


76 


77 


78 


79 


80 


1 ! 

i i 
81 

1 i 


32 


83 


84 


85 


86 


87 


88 


89 


90 


91 


92 

1 


93 


94 


95 


96 



Year 



Figure 3.10: Daily Dissolved Boron Concentration, 1982 to 1996; East Poplar River 
at the International Boundary (regression-derived data) 




Dec-81 Dec-83 Dec-85 Dec-87 Oec-89 Dec-91 Dec-93 Dec-95 

Dec-82 Dec-84 Dec-86 Dec-88 Dec-90 Dec-92 Dec-94 Dec-96 



15 
3.2.5.3 Other Water-Quality Variables 

Table 3.1 contains the multipurpose water-quality objectives for the East Poplar River at the 
International Boundary, recommended by the International Poplar River Water-Quality Board to 
the UC. The table shows the number of samples collected for each parameter and the number of 
times over the course of the year that the objectives were exceeded. In the table, multiple replicate 
samples collected during the annual quality control exercise are treated as a single sample, but 
where an objective was exceeded in a replicate sample, this is charged against the single sample 
noted. As the table shows, all species measured fell below the appropriate objective. One USGS 
sample collected on December 19 had a dissolved oxygen concentration of 1.6 mg/L, which is 
below the objective of 4 mg/L. Dissolved oxygen levels can be expected to be lower during ice- 
covered conditions, and low-flow summer conditions where oxygen has been reduced by biological 
activity. 



16 

Table 3.1 Recommended Water- Quality Objectives and Excursions, 1996 Sampling Program, East 

Poplar River at the International Boundary (units in mg/L except as otherwise noted) 



Parameter 


Objective 


No. of Samples 


Excursions 


USA 


Canada 


Objectives recommended by IJC to Governments 


Boron - dissolved 


3.5/2.5 (1) 


6 


7 





Total Dissolved Solids 


1500/1000(1) 


6 


7 





Objectives recommended by Poplar River Board to the IJC 


Ammonia un-ionized (as N) 


0.2 


6 


12 





Cadmium - total 


0.0012 


2 


7 





Copper - total 


1.0 


2 


7 





Fluoride - dissolved 


1.5 


6 


7 





Lead - total 


0.03 


2 


7 





Mercury - total 


0.0002 


1 


7 





Nitrate (as N) 


10.0 


6 


7 





Oxygen - dissolved 


4.0/5.0 (2) 


6 


7 


1 


Sodium absorption ratio 


10.0 


6 


-(5) 





Sulphate - dissolved 


800.0 


6 


7 





Zinc - total 


0.03 


2 


7 





Water temperature (Celsius) 


30.0 (3) 


6 


7 





pH (pH units) 


6.5 (4) 


6 


7 





1. Five -year average of flow-v\/eighted concentrations (March to October should be <2.5 mg/L boron and < 1000 
mg/L TDS. Three-month average of flow-weighted concentrations should be <3.5 mg/L boron and < 1 500 mg/L 
TDS 

2. 5,0 (minimum April 10 to May 15), 4.0 (minimum, remainder of the year) 

3. Natural temperature (April 10 to May 15), <30 degrees Celsius (remainder of the year) 

4. Less than 0.5 pH units above natural, minimum pH = 6.5 

6. Not calculated in data exchange, but values fell below the objective 



17 
3.2.5.4. Alterations to the water-quality parameter list 

As set forth in Table 2.1 of the 1995 annual report, it was recommended that modifications be 
made to the list of chemical parameters to be reported. These modifications specified the removal 
of dissolved aluminum, dissolved copper, total chromium, mercury in fish tissue, and both total 
and fecal coliforms from the list. For the pH range observed in the East Poplar River, and with 
the high buffering capacity of the river, dissolved metals such as aluminum and copper cannot 
exist at anywhere near the respective objectives. Total chromium has also been taken off the list 
of reported species. The surface geologic materials in the Poplar River Basin consist of carbonate- 
rich glacial drift. Under the geochemical conditions generally known to operate in the formation 
of minerals in carbonate terranes, the formation of chromium-bearing oxides is not favoured. 
Therefore, the chromium content of the suspended particulate material in the river is very low. 
Because of the pH regime in the river, the aqueous component will also be below the level of 
instrument detection. 

Coliforms, both total and fecal, have never been seen to be a problem in the river, have been 
removed from the list. 

It was also agreed upon that the objective for un-ionized ammonia be based on pH and 
temperature. This objective is to be worked out by Bilateral Monitoring Committee. 

For the time being, flow- weighting for boron and TDS will continue. 

It is recommended by the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee that a process of re- 
examining water-quality objectives be adopted as part of any fiiture deliberations on overall flow 
apportionment. 



18 



3.3 Ground-water 

3.3.1 Operations - Saskatchewan 

In 1996 SaskPower continued to operate their supplementary groundwater supply to Cookson 
Reservoir. The 1996 total of 5,572 danf (4517 ac-ft)of groundwater produced from the 
supplementary supply was slightly greater than the 1995 production of 5376 danf (4358 ac-ft). 
Sask Power had an approval to produce an annual volume of 5,500 danf (4459 ac-ft). Since 
1991 SaskPower has maintained fairly consistent ground water production levels averaging 
5459 dam'/year (4426 ac-ft) over the five year period. 

SaskPower's supplementary supply well network currently consists of 21 wells with a total of 10 
discharge points. No wells were added or deleted from the well field during the year. Production 
was reasonably consistent throughout most of the year with the exception of July and August when 
there was a reduction in pumping. This summer reduction in pumping is a normal annual 
operational procedure for SaskPower. Reducing summer pumping assists in maximizing flows 
into Cookson Reservoir by minimizing evaporative losses in Girard Creek, and also ensures that 
SaskPower's allocation is not exceeded. Pumping is maintained in 5 wells primarily to supply 
water to domestic users. During the balance of the year, 18 to 19 wells are generally utilized at 
any given time. 

SaskPower's license for the Regional Dewatering project was due to expire at the end of 1996, but 
was extended by Sask Water. Sask Water intends to re-issue the license, but will include 
conditions requiring termination of pumping (with the exception of wells supplying domestic 
users) when the reservoir is above a specified level. Sask Water is currently undertaking a 
hydrology study to determine the best reservoir level for a ground water pumping cutoff. 

Operation of SaskPower's salinity project continued in 1996 with 7 wells producing 827 danf (670 
ac-ft) of ground water during the year. (An eighth well is located along the international 
boundary, but has never been operated.) This represents a decrease in production from 1995 when 
1,017 dam^ (824 ac-ft) were pumped. The reduction is primarily due to the wells being shut down 



19 

roughly six weeks while repairs were completed on the pipeline which transports water from the 
salinity project wells to Cookson reservoir. As in previous years, the majority of the water was 
pumped from wells PW87103 and PW87104 on the east side of the river and PW90108 on the 
west side of the river. 



3.3.2 Ground-Water Monitoring 

3.3.2.1 Saskatchewan 

In 1996, 19 new piezometers were added to the monitoring network. Two of these were installed 
in the Empress sands along the International Border and are included in the Soil Salinity Project 
monitoring. Of the remaining piezometers, 7 were installed along the International Border. In 
addition, 18 piezometers installed as part of the Frenchman aquifer ground water investigation 
have been added to the monitoring program. 

There were no significant changes in the magnitude or shape of the cone of depression in the Hart 
Coal seam in 1996 over previous years. The 1 metre drawdown contour is at or near the 
International Boundary much as it has been for the past several years (Figure 3.11). The 
reasonably consistent drawdowns over this time period (during which production volumes pumped 
have been fairly consistent) implies that the aquifer system has approached a semi-equilibrium 
state. Variations in the cone of depression appear to be primarily related to recharge and 
variations in pimiping from the Hart coal seam. 

The goal of the Salinity Project is to lower the ground water levels in the Empress Sands (Figure 
3.12) below Morrison Dam to approximately pre-reservoir levels. This is equivalent to roughly 
2 to 3 metres of drawdown below the dam, and was achieved by the end of 1995. Water levels 
recovered significantly in June 1996 when the production wells were not operated due to the 
broken pipeline. Once normal pumping operations resumed the desired drawdowns were re- 
established by the end of 1996. The magnitude and shape of the cone of depression has been 
shown to be very sensitive to the operation of individual wells and local recharge in a given year. 



20 




— :^ r^ss^^^i 

.— «■ a*. =•' .^= ===; 



- ^HF'iir , 



Figure 3.11 Drawdown for Hart Seam Aquifer as of December 1996 







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22 



3.3.2.2 Montana 



Water levels in Monitoring Wells 5, 8, 16, 19, 22, and 23 were similar to those reported in 1995. 
Monitoring Wells 6, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 17 fluctuated in response to seasonal changes (Figure 3.13). 



2460 




7 

•- 

17 

»- 

19 



Jan-80 Jan-82 Jan-84 Jan-86 Jan-88 Jan-90 Jan-92 Jan-94 Jan-96 Jan-98 

DATE 



Figure 3.13 Hydrograph of Selected Wells 



23 



3.3.3 Ground-Water-quality 



3.3.3.1 



Saskatchewan 



The water-quality from the Supplementary Water Supply Project discharge points has been 
consistent with no trends indicated. A summary of the more frequently tested parameters during 
1996 is provided in Table 3.2. Statistical averages of the results since 1990 are included in this 
table. 

Table 3.2 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from 
Supplementary Water Supply Project Wells* 





1990-1996 
Average 


1996 
Average 


pH (units) 


7.6 


7.4 


Conductivity (uS/cm) 


1340 


1404 


Total dissolved solids 


925 


959 


Total suspended solids 


3.1 


0.9 


Boron 


1.2 


1.3 


Sodium 


180 


183 


Sulphate 


250 


258 


Nitrate 


0.3 


0.6 


Cyanide 


<2 


<2 


Iron 


1.2 


0.9 


Manganese 


0.2 


0.2 


Units in mg/L except as noted || 



* Sampled at Site "C3" on Girard Creek 



24 

The water quality of the common discharge point from the Salinity Control Project wells is better 
than the water quality for total dissolved solids in Cookson Reservoir. Average results from the 
common discharge point for 1996, plus an average of the 1990-1996 results, are provided in Table 
3.3. Results have been consistent since 1990. 



Table 3.3 Water-Quality Statistics for Water Pumped from 

Salinity Control Project Wells Sampled at the Discharge Pipe 





1990-1996 
Average 


1996 
Average 


pH (units) 


7.5 


7.4 


Conductivity (uS/cm) 


1412 


1446 


Total dissolved solids 


960 


1048 


Boron 


1.6 


1.5 


Calcium 


102 


92 


Magnesium 


58 


57 


Sodium 


149 


153 


Potassium 


7.3 


7.4 


Arsenic (ug/L) 


11.0 


10.6 


Aluminum 


0.03 


0.06 


Barium 


0.03 


0.03 


Cadmium 


<0.001 


<0.001 


Iron 


4.1 


4.3 


Manganese 


0.14 


0.13 


Chloride 


5.7 


6.6 


Strontium 


1.7 


1.5 


Nitrate 


0.13 


0.32 


Sulphate 


310 


296 


Units in mg/L except as noted. 



25 

Groundwater quality in the vicinity of the ash lagoons can potentially be affected by leachate 
movement through the ash lagoon liner systems. The piezometers listed in the Technical 
Monitoring Schedules are used to assess leachate movement and calculate seepage rates. 
Piezometric water level, boron and chloride are the chosen indicator parameters to assess leachate 
movement. 

The groundwater monitoring program was expanded in 1994 as a result of ash lagoon #3 south 
construction. In total 20 new pneumatic piezometers and 28 new standpipe piezometers were 
completed within their target zones. Testing of these piezometers began in 1995. The limited data 
so far does not show any unusual or unexpected values. 

Piezometers 867A, 868A and 871A are completed immediately above the liner system, within the 
ash stack of ash lagoon #1. The 1996 monitoring results continue to suggest confirmation of the 
trend first observed in 1993 that the boron concentration decreases with depth within the ash stack. 
The effect of ash thickness on leachate quality is, however, not completely understood. 

The chemistry of water immediately above the liner systems is therefore suspected to differ from 
the surface water of the lagoons. Meaningful information is only available from piezometers 
installed within ash lagoon #1 where ash has been deposited for many years. New piezometers 
886A, 887A, 890A and 893A have been completed above the liner system of new ash lagoon #3 
south and are now being monitored. Future monitoring of all piezometers completed above the 
lagoon liner systems will continue with the purpose of confirming the boron trend noted above and 
to improve the understanding of leachate quality and flow from the ash lagoons. 

The piezometric surface measurements for the oxidized till continue to show the presence of a 
groundwater mound beneath the ash lagoons. Relative to the 1995 position, the size and extent 
of the groundwater mound has not significantly changed. The mound extends from the east side 
of Ash Lagoon 2, where levels have increased 8 metres, to the west side of the polishing pond, 
where levels have increased 4 metres. Oxidized till piezometers located closer to the reservoir 
have shown a decreasing trend in piezometric levels reacting to lower reservoir levels. 



26 

The greatest changes in chloride and boron concentrations within the oxidized till, have occurred 
where piezometric levels have changed the most. This is an expected result as changing 
piezometric levels suggest groundwater movement. Increasing boron concentrations on the east 
and south side of Ash Lagoon 2, together with decreasing chloride concentrations suggests 
leachate influence. On the west side of the polishing pond the boron concentrations have not 
significantly changed. 

Little change in boron or chloride concentrations has been observed for most of the oxidized till 
piezometers located by the reservoir. The most significant change in samples from any of these 
piezometers has been C719 where chloride concentrations have decreased 92 mg/1 overall since 
1983 to 19 mg/1. The change in quality is suspected to be the result of reservoir influence rather 
than ash lagoon influence. 

A groundwater mound has developed in the unoxidized till, similar to that in the oxidized till, 
extending from the east side of Ash Lagoon 2 to the west side of the Polishing Pond. The 
groundwater mound is known to be discontinuous as piezometers 764D and 87 IC are located 
within the mound area and are reacting to reservoir levels. A review of boron and chloride 
concentrations does not show any significant trends. 

The piezometric surface of the Empress gravels indicate a regional flow from northwest to 
southeast below Morrison Dam. Monitoring since 1983 generally shows that the piezometric 
surface in the lagoon area reacts to the reservoir level. Results for Empress gravel water quality 
do not indicate any leachate influence with the majority of piezometers showing little change in 
boron or chloride concentrations from background values. 

Sand lens piezometers C712B, C766 and C767 are located between the polishing pond and the 
cooling water canal. C767 is located on the top of dyke G and C766 and C712B are located at the 
toe of dyke G. These piezometers have historically been of interest as the sand lens provides a 
preferential pathway for leachate migration. 

A review of the boron concentrations for C766 shows an increasing trend up to October 1988 
when levels peaked at 12.6 mg/1. Boron concentration decreased to 6.99 mg/1 in April 1990, then 



27 

began increasing again peaking at 35.2 mg/1 in June 1993 before falling to 26.7 mg/1 in October 
1993. The boron concentration began an increasing trend throughout 1994 and peaked at 43 mg/1 
in May, 1995, the highest recorded concentration to date, before decreasing to 28 mg/1 in October, 
1996. The chloride concentration for C766 has shown little movement since 1987 and remains 
within the 20 to 30 mg/1 range, similar to the ash lagoon surface water concentration. 

Up to April 1988 the boron concentration for C767 was increasing and peaked at 49.4 mg/1. From 
this peak the boron concentration has steadily decreased to the end of 1991 where the 
concentration levelled off near 5 mg/1. The October 1996 result is 4.58 mg/1. The reduction in 
boron concentrations for samples from C767 suggest the movement of a slug of leachate and not 
a continuous plume. There has been an increasing trend in chloride for C767 ranging from 25 
mg/1 in 1989 to 75 mg/1 in 1991. Since 1991 the concentration has remained near 70 mg/1 with 
an October 1994 result of 73.4 mg/1. In 1995 the concentration showed a moderate increase, 
ranging between 94 and 99 mg/1. In 1996, the concentration showed a moderate decrease with 
results going from 99 mg/1 in April to 78.2 mg/1 in October. 

Boron concentrations for piezometer 712B were initially below 1.0 mg/1 until an increasing trend 
began in 1987 with the concentration peaking in April 1992 at 26.6 mg/1. The boron 
concentration then decreased and levelled off near 18 mg/1 with an October 1996 result of 
16.5 mg/1. Chloride concentrations trended down for C712B to 50 mg/1 in 1988 from over 200 
mg/1 in 1984. Since 1988 chloride levels have changed little with an October 1996 result of 50.9 
mg/1. 

The total calculated seepage from the ash lagoons in 1995 was determined to be 1.56 litres per 
second. This value is not significantly different from the 1995 and 1994 calculated seepage rates 
of 1.61 and 1.67 litres per second, respectively. There was a total calculated seepage rate for ash 
lagoon #3 south of 0.024 litres per second. In 1995 it was reported that ash lagoon #3 south had 
a negligible total calculated seepage rate due to no developed gradient. As expected this has 
changed. Liner permeabilities for all lagoons are in the order of 10' cm/sec. 



28 



3.3.3.2 Montana 



Samples were collected from monitoring wells 7, 16. and 24 during 1996. Well 7 is completed 
in Hart Coal, well 16 is completed in the Fort Union Formation, and well 24 is completed in 
alluvium. No significant changes in water-quality were observed. Graphs of total dissolved solids 
for selected wells are shown in Figure 3. 14. 



1000 



E 



800 



600 



400 



200 



























































































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->- 




































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Jan-80Jan-82Jan-84Jan-86Jan-88Jan-9aJan-92Jan-94Jan-96Jan-98 

DATE 



Figure 3.14 Total Dissolved Solids in Samples from Montana Wells. 



29 
3.4 Cookson Reservoir 

3.4.1 Storage 

On January 1, 1996, Cookson Reservoir storage was 27 530 dam^ or 58% of the flill supply volume. 
The 1996 maximum, minimum and period elevations and volumes are shown in Table 3.4. In 
addition to runoff, reservoir levels were augmented by grovmdwater pumping. Wells in the 
abandoned west block mine site supplied 5 572 dam^ to Girard Creek; Approximately 70% of this 
flow volume reached Cookson Reservoir. Wells in the soil salinity project area supplied 827 dam^; 
However, some minor losses did occur due to a pipeline leak prior to the water reaching the 
reservoir. 



Table 3.4 Cookson Reservoir Storage Statistics for 1996 



Date 


Elevation 
(m) 


Contents 
(dam^) 


January 1 


750.68 


27 530 


January 9 


750.67 


27 440 


May 2 


752.63 


40 590 


December 31 


751.88 


35 100 


Full Supply Level 


753.00 


43 400 



The Poplar River Power Station is dependent on water from Cookson Reservoir for cooling. Power 
plant operation is not adversely affected until reservoir levels drop below 749.0 metres. The 
minimum useable storage level for cooling water used in the generation process is 745.0 metres. 
The 1996 recorded levels and associated operating levels are shovra in Figure 3.13. As a result of 
a somewhat above normal spring runoff in the basin, water levels rose to near the full supply level 
during the spring. 



30 



Elevation in 
Meters 

755 
753 
751 
749 
747 
745 
743 
741 



1996 Cookson Reservoir 

Daily Mean Water Levels 



Contents in 
Cubic Decammeters 



Full Supply Level 



1996 Recorded 



=^ 



Median Level Minimum Desired OperaBna Level 



Minimum Useable Storage Level 



43400 
29400 
19100 
11400 
5860 
2000 



Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

Figure 3.15 Cookson Reservoir Mean Daily Water Levels for 1996 and Median Monthly 
Water Levels for 1981-1991. 

3.4.2 Water-Quality 

The 1996 spring runoff had a positive impact on Cookson Reservoir water quality. At the end of 
1996, boron concentrations in the reservoir were about 1.9 mg/L compared to about 2.4 mg/L at 
the end of 1995. Similarly, TDS decreased from 1400 mg/L at the end of 1995 to about 1100 
mg/L at the end of 1996. Water-quality conditions at the end of 1996 were similar to year end 
conditions in 1989. 



■l.S Air-Oualitv 

SaskPower's ambient SOj monitoring for 1996 recorded no violations of SERM's hourly and 24 
hour average standards at 0.17 and 0.06 ppm, respectively. The highest hourly value was 
recorded at 0.1608 ppm in July, 1996. 

Total suspended particulate concentrations for 1996 obtained from SaskPower's monitor did not 
exceed SERM's 24-hour standard of 120 ug/m?. The highest recorded concentration was 116.4 
ug/m' in May, 1996. The geometric mean for the high-volume suspended particulate sampler was 
14.6 ug/m^. 



31 
3.6 Quality Control 

3.6.1 Streamflow 

To test the comparability of streamflow measurements made by the U.S. Geological Survey 
(USGS) and Environment Canada (EC), similar measurements were made on the East Poplar River 
at the International Boundary on July 2, 1996 by personnel from both agencies. The discharge data 
shown in Table 3.5 are similar although not identical indicating the difficulty of obtaining the same 
measurements of small discharge using conventional current-metre methods. The computations 
were made using the theoretical discharge of the 9CP V-notch weir of 0.070 m'/s. 



Table 3.5 Streamflow Measurement Results for July 2, 1996 



Agency 


Time 
CST 


Width 
(m) 


Mean Area 
(m') 


Velocity 
(m/s) 


Gauge 

Height 

(m) 


Discharge 
(mVs) 


EC 


1120 


1.9 


0.200 


0.365 


1.600 


0.073 


USGS 


0945 


1.9 


0.210 


0.324 


1.603 


0.068 



3.6.2 Water-Quality 

Quality control sampling was carried out at the East Poplar River at the International Boundary on 
July 15, 1996. Participating agencies included the United States Geological Survey (USGS), 
Envirorunent Canada, and SaskPower Corp. 



Sets of triplicate samples were split from USGS sampling chums and submitted to the respective 
laboratories for analyses. Field procedures were identical to those used since 1 986. 



ANNEX 1 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



CANADA-UNITED STATES 



Al-1 



ANNEX 1 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



CANADA-UNITED STATES 



AM 



September 23, 1980 

POPLAR RIVER COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 

I. PURPOSE 

This Arrangement will provide for the exchange of data collected as described in the attached 
Technical Monitoring Schedules in water-quality, water quantity and air quality monitoring 
programs being conducted in Canada and the United States at or near the International Boundary 
in response to SaskPower development. This Arrangement will also provide for the dissemination 
of the data in each country and will assure its comparability and assist in its technical 
interpretation. 

The Arrangement will replace and expand upon the quarterly information exchange program 
instimted between Canada and the United States in 1976. 

II. PARTICIPATING GOVERNMENTS 

Governments and government agencies participating in the Arrangement are: 

Government of Canada: Environment Canada 
Government of the Province of Saskatchewan: 

Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 
Government of the United States of America: United States Geological Survey 
Government of the State of Montana: Executive Office 

m. POPLAR RIVER MONITORING COMMITTEE: TERMS OF REFERENCE 

A binational committee called the Poplar River Bilateral Monitoring Committee will be established 
to carry out responsibilities assigned to it under this Arrangement. The Committee will operate 
in accordance with the following terms of reference: 



Al-2 



A. Membership 

The Committee will be composed of four representatives, one from each of the participating 
Governments. It will be jointly chaired by the Government of Canada and the Government of the 
United States. There will be a Canadian Section and a United States Section. The participating 
Governments will notify each other of any changes in membership on the Committee. Co- 
chairpersons may by mutual agreement invite agency technical experts to participate in the work 
of the Committee. 

The Governor of the State of Montana may also appoint a chief elective official of local 
government to participate as an ex-officio member of the Committee in its technical deliberations. 
The Saskatchewan Minister of the Environment may also appoint a similar local representative. 



B. Functions of the Committee 

The role of the Committee will be to fulfil the purpose of the Arrangement by ensuring the 
exchange of monitored data in accordance with the attached Technical Monitoring Schedules, and 
its collation and technical interpretation in reports to Governments on implementation of the 
Arrangement. In addition, the Committee will review the existing monitoring systems to ensure 
their adequacy and may recommend to the Canadian and United States Governments any 
modifications to improve the Technical Monitoring Schedules. 



1. Information Exchange 

Each Co-chairperson will be responsible for transmitting to his counterpart Co-chairperson on a 
regular, and not less than quarterly basis, the data provided by the cooperative monitoring 
agencies in accordance with the Technical Monitoring Schedules. 



Al-3 



2. Reports 



(a) The Committee will prepare a joint Amiual Report to the participating 
governments, and may at any time prepare joint Special Reports. 

(b) Annual Reports will 

i) summarize the main activities of the Committee in the year under Report and the 
data which has been exchanged under the Arrangement; 

ii) draw to the attention of the participating governments any definitive changes in the 
monitored parameters, based on collation and technical interpretation of exchanged 
data (i.e. the utilization of summary, statistical and other appropriate techniques); 

iii) draw to the attention of the participating governments any recommendations 
regarding the adequacy or redundancy of any scheduled monitoring operations and 
any proposals regarding modifications to the Technical Monitoring Schedules, 
based on a continuing review of the monitoring programs including analytical 
methods to ensure their comparability. 

c) Special Reports may, at any time, draw to the attention of participating 
governments definitive changes in monitored parameters which may require 
immediate attention. 

d) Preparation of Reports 

Reports will be prepared following consultation with all committee members and 
will be signed by all Committee members. Reports will be separately forwarded 
by the Committee Co-chairmen to the participating governments. All annual and 
special reports will be so distributed. 



Al-4 



3. Activities of Canadian an d United States Sections 
The Canadian and United States section will be separately responsible for: 

(a) dissemination of information within their respective countries, and the arrangement 
of any discussion required with local elected officials; 

(b) verification that monitoring operations are being carried out in accordance with the 
Technical Monitoring Schedules by cooperating monitoring agencies; 

(c) receipt and collation of monitored data generated by the cooperating monitoring 
agencies in their respective countries as specified in the Technical Monitoring 
Schedules; 

(d) if necessary, drawing to the attention of the appropriate government in their 
respective countries any failure to comply with a scheduled monitoring function on 
the part of any cooperating agency under the jurisdiction of that government, and 
requesting that appropriate corrective action be taken. 

IV. PROVISION OF DATA 

In order to ensure that the Committee is able to carry out the terms of this Arrangement, the 
participating governments will use their best efforts to have cooperating monitoring agencies, in 
their respective jurisdictions provide on an ongoing basis all scheduled monitored data for which 
they are responsible. 

V. TERMS OF THE ARRANGEMENT 

The Arrangement will be effective for an initial term of five years and may be amended by 
agreement of the participating governments. It will be subject to review at the end of the initial 
term and will be renewed thereafter for as long as it is required by the participating governments. 



Al-5 



ANNEX 2 



POPLAR RIVER 



COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 



TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

1997 

CANADA-UNITED STATES 



A2- 1 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PREAMBLE 



A2-3 



CAMDA 

STREAMFLOW MONITORING A2 - 5 

SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 7 

GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR 

POTENTIAL DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL SEAM DEWATERING A2 - 10 

GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETERS LEVEL MONITORING 

- POWER STATION AREA A2 - 12 

GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER LEVEL MONITORING 

- ASH LAGOON AREA A2 - 14 

GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING 

- ASH LAGOON AREA -QUALITY A2 - 20 

AMBIENT AIR-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 28 



UNITED STATES 

STREAMFLOW MONITORING A2 - 31 

SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 33 

GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING A2 - 35 

GROUND-WATER LEVELS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 

DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL SEAM DEWATERING A2 - 37 



A2-2 



PREAMBLE 

The Technical Monitoring Schedule lists those water quantity, water-quality and air quality 
monitoring locations and parameters which form the basis for information exchange and reporting 
to Governments. The structure of the Committee responsible for ensuring the exchange takes place 
I is described in the Poplar River Cooperative Monitoring Arrangement. 

The monitoring locations and parameters listed herein have been reviewed by the Poplar River 

Bilateral Monitoring committee and represent the basic technical information needed to identify 

any definitive changes in water quantity, water-quality and air quality at the International 

Boundary. The Schedule was initially submitted to Governments for approval as an attachment to 

^ the 1981 report Governments. Changes in the sampling locations and parameters may be made by 

I 

IS Governments based on the recommendations of the committee. 

Significant additional information is being collected by agencies on both sides of the International 
Boundary, primarily for project management or basin-wide baseline data purposes. This additional 
information is usually available upon request from the collecting agency and forms part of the pool 
of technical information which may be drawn upon by Governments for specific study purposes. 
Examples of additional information are water quantity, water-quality, ground-water and air quality 
data collected at points in the Poplar River basin not of direct concern to the Committee. In 
addition, supplemental information on parameters such as vegetation, soils, fish and waterfowl 
populations and aquatic vegetation is also being collected on either a routine or specific studies 
basis by various agencies. 



A2-3 



POPLAR RIVER 
COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 

TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

1997 

CANADA 



A2-4 



STREAMFLOW MONITORING 



Responsible Agency: Environment Canada 



Daily mean discharge or levels and instantaneous monthly extremes as normally 
published in surface water data publications. 



No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


•' 


11AE003 
(06178500) 


East Poplar River at International 
Boundary 


2 


***11AE013 


Cookson Reservoir near 
Coronach 


3 


***11AE015 


Girard Creek near Coronach 
Cookson Reservoir 


4 


11AE014 


East Poplar River above 
Cookson Reservoir 


5 


**Fife Lake Overflow 




*6 


11AE008 
(06178000) 


Poplar River at International 
Boundary 



* - International gauging station 

** - Miscellaneous measurements of outflow to be made by 

Sask Water during periods of outflow only. 
*** - Sask Water took over the monitoring responsibility effective July 1/92. 



A2-5 




S 10 15 Km 



•^•mmi^mm^mtm 



lO Miitt 



HYDROMETRIC GAUGING STATIONS (CANADA) 



A2-6 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY 



Sampling Locations 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


1 


7904 


Fife Lake Overflow 


2 


12412 
Discontinued 


Girard Creek at Coronach Reservoir Outflow 


3 


12377 
Discontinued 


Upper End of Cookson Reservoir at Highway 36 


4 


12368 


Cookson Reservoir near Dam 


5 


12386 
Discontinued 


East Poplar River at Culvert Immediately 
Below Cookson Reservoir 



Responsible Agency: Environment Canada 


No. on Map 


Station No. 


Station Name 


6 


00SA11AE0008 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 



A2-7 



PARAMETERS 



— — 


Responsible 


Agency: Environment Canada || 


NAQUADAr 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


Sampling Frequency 


II Code 






Station No. 6 


10151 


Alkalinrty-phenolphthalein 


Potentiometric Trtration 


BM 


10111 


Alkalinity-total 


Potentiometric Titration 


BM 


13102 


Aluminurrvdissolved 


AA-Dired 


BM 


13302 


Aluminum-extracted 


AA-Direct 


BM 


07570 


Ammonia-tree 


Calculated 


BM 


07540 


Ammonia-total 


Automated Colourimetric 


BM 


33108 


Arsenic-dissolved 


ICAP-hydride 


BM 


56001 


Barium-total 


AA-Direct 


BM 


06201 


Bicart)onates 


Calculated 


BM 


05211 


Boron-dissolved 


ICAP 


BM 


96360 


Bromoxynil 


Gas Chromatography 


BM 


48002 


Cadmium-total 


AA Solvent Extraction 


BM 


20103 


Calcium 


AA-Direct 


BM 


06104 


CartX)n-dissolved organic 


Automated IR Detection 


BM 


06901 


Cartxjn-particulate 


Elemental Analyzer 


BM 


06002 


Cartxxi-total organic 


Calculated 


BM 


06301 


Cartxjnates 


Calculated 


BM 


17206 


Chloride 


Automated Colourimetric 


BM 


06717 


Chlorophyll a 


Spectrophotometric 


BM 


24003 


Chromium-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


BM 


27002 


Cobalt-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


BM 


36012 


Coliform-fecal 


Membrane Filtration 


BM 


36002 


Coliform-total 


Membrane Filtration 


BM 


02021 


Colour 


Comparator 


BM 


02041 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


BM 


29005 


Copper-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


BM 


06610 


Cyanide 


Automated UV-Colourimetric 


BM 


1 09117 


Fluoride-dissolved 


Electro metric 


BM 


06401 


Free Carlxjn Dioxide 


Calculated 


BM 


10602 


Hardness 


Calculated 


BM 


17811 


Hexachlorobenzene 


Gas Chromatography 


BM 


08501 


Hydroxide 


Calculated 


BM 


26104 


Iron-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


BM 


82002 


Lead-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


BM 


12102 


Magnesium 


AA-Direct 


BM 


25104 


Manganese-dissolved 


AA-Direct 


BM 


80011 


Mercury-total 


Flameless AA 


BM 


07901 


N-particulate 


Elemental Analyzer 


BM 


07651 


N-total dissolved 


Automated UV Colourimetric 


BM 


10401 


NFR 


Gravimetric 


BM 


28002 


Nickel-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


BM 


07110 


Nitrate/Nitrite 


Colourimetric 


BM 


07603 


Nitrogen-total 


Calculated 


BM 


10650 


Non-Cartxinate Hardness 


Calculated 


BM 


18XXX 


Organo Chlorines 


Gas Chromatography 


BM 


08101 


Oxygen-dissolved 


Winkler 


BM 


15901 


P-particulate 


Calculated 


BM 


15465 


P-total dissolved 


Automated Colourimetric 


BM 


185XX 


Phenoxy Hert)icides 


Gas Chromatography 


BM 


15423 


Phosphorus-total 


Colourimetric (TRAACS) 


BM 


19103 


Potassium 


Flame Emission 


BM 


11250 


Percent Sodium 


Calculated 


BM 


00210 


Saturation Index 


Calculated 


BM 


34108 


Seleniunvdissolved 


ICAP-hydride 


BM 


14108 


Silica 


Automated Colourimetric 


BM 


11103 


Sodium 


Flame Emission 


BM 


00211 


Stability Index 


Calculated 


BM 


16306 


Sulphate 


Automated Colourimetric 


BM 


00201 


TDS 


Calculated 


BM 


02061 


Temperature 


Digital Thermometer 


BM 


02073 


Turbidity 


Nephelometry 


BM 


23002 


Vanadium-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


BM 


30005 


Zinc-total 


AA-Solvent Extraction 


BM 


10301 


pH 


Electrometric 


BM 


92111 


Uranium 


Fluometric 


MC 



* - Computer Storage and Retrieval System - 

AA - Atomic Absorption 

NFR - Nonfilterable Residue 

ICAP - Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma 



Environment Canada 
IR - Infrared 
MC - Monthly Composite 



UV - Ultraviolet 

BM - Bimonthly (Alternate months sampled by U.S.G.S.) 



A2-8 




LEGEND: 

■ CnvAOnmCnt canaM 



A 

SCALE 



lO i5 Km 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS (CANADA) 



A24 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL DRAWDOWN 
DUE TO COAL SEAM DEWATERING 



Responsible Agency: Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 




Measurement 


Frequency: Quarterly 




Piezometer 




Tip of Screen 


Perforation Zone 


Number 


Location 


Elevation (m) 


(depth in metres) 


52 


NW 14-1-27 W3 


738.43 


43 - 49 (in coal) 


506A 


SW 4-1-27 W3 


748.27 


81 - 82 (in coal) 


507 


SW 6-1-26 W3 


725.27 


34 - 35 (in coal) 


509 


NW 11-1-27 W3 


725.82 


76 - 77 (in coal) 


510 


NW 1-1-28 W3 


769.34 


28 - 29 (in layered 
coal and clay) 



A2-10 




lO Mit«t 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL SEAM DEWATERING 



A2-11 



GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING - POPLAR RIVER 
POWER STATION AREA 



SPC Piezometer 
Number 


Completion 
Formation 


525 


Empress 


526 


Empress 


527 


Empress 


528 


Oxidized 


539 


Empress 


540 


Empress 


737 


Empress 


739 


Empress 


740 


Empress 


741 


Empress 


743 


Empress 


746 


Mottled Till 


747 


Mottled Till 


748 


Mottled Till 


756 


Empress 



water levels measured quarterly 



SPC Piezometer 
Number 


Completion 
Formation 


739 


Empress 



samples collected amiually 



A2-12 




C/) 

CL 



rv 


00 




■<i- 


•^ 


o "^ 


rv. 


rv 


^ "* 


CJ 


u 


^ r^ 


Men 




^A 






ON 


n 




CO 


i^ 




r«v 


^ 




< 



in 






in 
o 

<3 



A2-13 



GROUND- WATER PIEZOMETER MONITOR TNG- 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


529 


Empress 


532 


Empress 


533 


Empress 


534 


Oxidized Till 


535 


Empress 


536 


Empress 


537 


Empress 


538 


Empress 


542 


Empress 


653A 


Unoxidized Till 


654 


Unoxidized Till 


655A 


Unoxidized Till 


655B 


Unoxidized Till 


711 


Oxidized Till 


712A 


Unoxidized Till 


712B 


Intra Till Sand 


712C 


Mottled Till 


712D 


Oxidized till 


713 


Oxidized Till 


714A 


Unoxidized Till 


714B 


Mottled Till 


714C 


Oxidized Till 


714D 


Oxidized Till 


714E 


Empress 


715 


Oxidized Till 



A2-14 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING-- 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL (Continued) 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


716 


Oxidized Till 


717 


Oxidized Till 


718 


Mottled Till 


719 


Oxidized Till 


720 


Oxidized Till 


721 


Oxidized Till 


722 


Oxidized Till 


723 


Oxidized Till 


724 


Mottled Till 


725 


Oxidized Till 


726A 


Oxidized Till 


726B 


Mottled Till 


726C 


Oxidized Till 


726E 


Empress 


727A 


Unoxidized Till 


727B 


Mottled Till 


727C 


Oxidized Till 


728A 


Oxidized Till 


728B 


Unoxidized Till 


728C 


Mottled Till 


728D 


Oxidized Till 


728E 


Empress 


731 


Empress 


732 


Empress 


733 


Empress 


734 


Empress 



A2-15 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING- 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL (Continued) 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


742 


Empress 


745 


Oxidized Till 


749 


Mottled Till 


750 


Unoxidized Till 


751 


Unoxidized Till 


752 


Unoxidized Till 


753 


Oxidized Till 


757 


Unoxidized Till 


758 


Intra Till Sand 


763A 


Mottled Till 


763B 


Oxidized Till 


763C 


Mottled Till 


763D 


Unoxidized Till 


763E 


Empress 


764B 


Mottled Till 


764C 


Oxidized Till 


764D 


Unoxidized Till 


764E 


Empress 


765A 


Empress 


765B 


Unoxidized Till 


765C 


Oxidized Till 


765D 


Oxidized Till 


765E 


Mottled Till 


766A 


Empress 


766 


Intra Till Sand 


767A 


Empress 



A2-16 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING- 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL (Continued) 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


767B 


Unoxidized Till 


767 


Intra Till Sand 


768A 


Empress 


768B 


Unoxidized Till 


768C 


Oxidized Till 


775A 


Oxidized Till 


775C 


Unoxidized Till 


776A 


Oxidized Till 


776B 


Oxidized Till 


867B 


Oxidized Till 


867C 


Unoxidized Till 


868B 


Oxidized Till 


868C 


Unoxidized Till 


869B 


Oxidized Till 


869C 


Unoxidized Till 


870E 


Empress 


87 IB 


Oxidized Till 


871C 


Unoxidized Till 


872B 


Oxidized Till 


872C 


Unoxidized Till 


873E 


Empress 


885B 


Oxidized Till 


885C 


Oxidized Till 


885D 


Unoxidized Till 


885E 


Empress 


886A 


Ash Stack 



A2-17 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING- 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL (Continued) 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


886B 


Oxidized Till 


886C 


Oxidized Till 


886D 


Unoxidized Till 


886E 


Empress 


887B 


Oxidized Till 


887C 


Oxidized Till 


887D 


Unoxidized Till 


887E 


Empress 


888B 


Oxidized Till 


888C 


Oxidized Till 


888D 


Unoxidized Till 


888E 


Empress 


889B 


Oxidized Till 


889C 


Oxidized Till 


889D 


Unoxidized Till 


889E 


Empress 


890B 


Oxidized Till 


890C 


Oxidized Till 


890D 


Unoxidized Till 


890E 


Empress 


891B 


Oxidized Till 


891C 


Oxidized Till 


891D 


Unoxidized Till 


891E 


Empress 


892B 


Oxidized Till 


892C 


Oxidized Till 



A2-18 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING- 
ASH LAGOON AREA-WATER LEVEL (Continued) 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


892D 


Unoxidized Till 


892E 


Empress 


893B 


Oxidized Till 


893C 


Oxidized Till 


893D 


Unoxidized Till 


893E 


Empress 


894B 


Oxidized Till 


894C 


Oxidized Till 


894D 


Unoxidized Till 


894E 


Empress 


895B 


Oxidized Till 


895C 


Oxidized Till 


895D 


Unoxidized Till 


895E 


Empress 



Water levels measured quarterly 



A2-19 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING- 
ASH LAGOON AREA - QUALITY 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


529 


Empress 


532 


Empress 


533 


Empress 


534 


Oxidized Till 


535 


Empress 


536 


Empress 


537 


Empress 


538 


Empress 


542 


Empress 


653A 


Unoxidized Till 


654 


Unoxidized Till 


655A 


Unoxidized Till 


655B 


Unoxidized Till 


711 


Oxidized Till 


712A 


Unoxidized Till 


712B 


Intra Till Sand 


712C 


Mottled Till 


712D 


Oxidized till 


713 


Oxidized Till 


714A 


Unoxidized Till 


714B 


Mottled Till 


714C 


Oxidized Till 


714D 


Oxidized Till 


714E 


Empress 



A2-20 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING- 
ASH LAGOON AREA - QUALITY (Continued) 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


715 


Oxidized Till 


716 


Oxidized Till 


717 


Oxidized Till 


718 


Mottled Till 


719 


Oxidized Till 


720 


Oxidized Till 


721 


Oxidized Till 


722 


Oxidized Till 


723 


Oxidized Till 


724 


Mottled Till 


725 


Oxidized Till 


726A 


Oxidized Till 


726B 


Mottled Till 


726C 


Oxidized Till 


726E 


Empress 


727A 


Unoxidized Till 


727B 


Mottled Till 


727C 


Oxidized Till 


728A 


Oxidized Till 


728B 


Unoxidized Till 


728C 


Mottled Till 


728D 


Oxidized Till 


728E 


Empress 


731 


Empress 



A2-21 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING- 
ASH LAGOON AREA - QUALITY (Continued) 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


732 


Empress 


733 


Empress 


734 


Empress 


742 


Empress 


745 


Oxidized Till 


749 


Mottled Till 


750 


Unoxidized Till 


751 


Unoxidized Till 


752 


Unoxidized Till 


753 


Oxidized Till 


757 


Unoxidized Till 


758 


Intra Till Sand 


763A 


Mottled Till 


763B 


Oxidized Till 


763C 


Mottled Till 


763D 


Unoxidized Till 


763E 


Empress 


764B 


Mottled Till 


764C 


Oxidized Till 


764D 


Unoxidized Till 


764E 


Empress 


765A 


Empress 


765B 


Unoxidized Till 


765C 


Oxidized Till 


765D 


Oxidized Till 



A2-22 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING- 
ASH LAGOON AREA - QUALITY (Continued) 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


765E 


Mottled Till 


766A 


Empress 


766 


Intra Till Sand 


767A 


Empress 


767B 


Unoxidized Till 


767 


Intra Till Sand 


768A 


Empress 


768B 


Unoxidized Till 


768C 


Oxidized Till 


775A 


Oxidized Till 


775C 


Unoxidized Till 


776A 


Oxidized Till 


776B 


Oxidized Till 


867B 


Oxidized Till 


867C 


Unoxidized Till 


868B 


Oxidized Till 


868C 


Unoxidized Till 


869B 


Oxidized Till 


869C 


Unoxidized Till 


870E 


Empress 


871B 


Oxidized Till 


87 IC 


Unoxidized Till 


872B 


Oxidized Till 


872C 


Unoxidized Till 


873E 


Empress 



A2-23 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING- 
ASH LAGOON AREA - QUALITY (Continued) 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


885B 


Oxidized Till 


885C 


Oxidized Till 


885D 


Unoxidized Till 


885E 


Empress 


886A 


Ash Stack 


886B 


Oxidized Till 


886C 


Oxidized Till 


886D 


Unoxidized Till 


886E 


Empress 


887B 


Oxidized Till 


887C 


Oxidized Till 


887D 


Unoxidized Till 


887E 


Empress 


888B 


Oxidized Till 


888C 


Oxidized Till 


888D 


Unoxidized Till 


888E 


Empress 


889B 


Oxidized Till 


889C 


Oxidized Till 


889D 


Unoxidized Till 


889E 


Empress 


890B 


Oxidized Till 


890C 


Oxidized Till 


890D 


Unoxidized Till 


890E 


Empress 



A2-24 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETER MONITORING- 
ASH LAGOON AREA - QUALITY (Continued) 



SPC Piezometer Number 


Completion Formation 


891B 


Oxidized Till 


891C 


Oxidized Till 


891D 


Unoxidized Till 


891E 


Empress 


892B 


Oxidized Till 


892C 


Oxidized Till 


892D 


Unoxidized Till 


892E 


Empress 


893B 


Oxidized Till 


893C 


Oxidized Till 


893D 


Unoxidized Till 


893E 


Empress 


894B 


Oxidized Till 


894C 


Oxidized Till 


894D 


Unoxidized Till 


894E 


Empress 


895B 


Oxidized Till 


895C 


Oxidized Till 


895D 


Unoxidized Till 


895E 


Empress 



Samples collected aimually 



A2-25 




A2-26 



PARAMETERS 



Responsible Aeency: Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 


ESQUADAT' 






Sampling Frequency 


Code 


Parameter 


Analytical method 


SuiionNo.: Piezometers 


lOIOl 


Alkalinity-tot 


Pot-Titration 


A 


13105 


Aliuninum-Diss 


AA-Direct 


3»» 


33104 


Arsenic-Diss 


Flameless AA 


A 


56104 


Barium-Diss 


AA-Direct 


A 


06201 


Bicarbonates 


Calculated 


A 


06106 


Boron-Diss 


Colourimetry 


3** 


48102 


Cadmium-Diss 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


A 


20103 


Calcium-Diss 


AA-Direct 


A 


06301 


Carbonates 


Calculated 


A 


17203 


Chloride-Diss 


Colourimetry 


A 


24104 


Chrotnium-Diss 


AA-Direct 


A 


27102 


Cobalt-Diss 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


A 


02011 


Colour 


Comparator 


A 


02041 


Conductivity 


Conductivity Meter 


3 


29105 


Copper-Diss 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


A 


09103 


Fluoride-Diss 


Specific Ion Electrode 


A 


26104 


Iron-Diss 


AA-Direct 


A 


82103 


Lead-Diss 


AA-Solvent Extract (MIBK) 


A 


12102 


Magnesium-Diss 


AA-Direct 


A 


25104 


Manganese-Diss 


AA-Direct 


A 


80111 


Mercury-Diss 


Flameless AA 


A 


42102 


Molybdenum-Diss 


AA-SolvenI Extract (N-Butyl acetate) 


A 


10301 


pH 


Electrometric 


3" 


19103 


Potassium-Diss 


Flame Photometry 


A 


34105 


Selenium-Diss 


Hydride generation 


A 


14102 


Silica-Diss 


Colourimetry 


A 


11103 


Sodium-Diss 


Flame Photometry 


A 


38101 


Strontium-Diss 


AA-Direct 


3" 


16306 


Sulphate-Diss 


Colourimetry 


3*« 


10451 


TDS 


Gravimetric 


3" 


92111 


Uranium-Diss 


Fluorometry 


3" 


23104 
97025 


Vanadiuin-Diss 


AA-Direct 


A 


Water Uvel 




4 


30105 


Zinc-Diss 


AA-SolvenI Extract (MIBK) 


A 



No ziiK or iron for Piezometers CS31 to C538 SYMBOLS: AA - Atomic absorption 

• Computer storage and retrieval system A - Annually 

- Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 3 - 3 times/year 

•♦ Analyze annually for these Piezometers Nos. AA - Solvent Extract (MIBK) - sample acidified aixl 

extracted with Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. 
4 - 4 times/year 



A2-27 



AMBffiNT AIR-QUALITY MONITORING 



RESPONSIBLE AGENCY: SASKATCHEWAN ENVIRONMRNT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 


NO. ON 
MAP 


LocatioN 


PARAMETERS 


REPORTING FREQUENCY 


1 


Coronach 
(Discontinued) 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Continuous monitoring with 
hourly averages as summary 
statistics. 






Wind speed and direction 


Continuous monitoring with 
hourly averages as summary 
statistics. 






Total Suspended Particulate 


24-hour samples on a 6-day 
cycle, corresponding to the 
National Air Pollution 
Surveillance Sampling Schedule. 


2 


International 
Boundary * 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Continuous monitoring witii 
hourly averages as summary 
statistics. 






Total Suspended Particulate 


24-hour samples on 6-day cycle, 
corresponding to the National Air 
Pollution Surveillance Sampling 
Schedule. 




METHODS 


Sulphur Dioxide 


Saskatchewan Environment and RESOURCE mANAGEMENT 
Colourimetnc Titration, Pulsed Fluorescence 


Total Suspended Particulate 


Saskatchewan Environment and rESOURCE MANAGEMENT 
High Volume Method 



This station operated by SaskPower. 



A2-28 



A 




LEGEND: 

AMSlCNT A« OuAUTT MOMTOMMi 



A 

SCALE 



P 5 10 1,5 Km 

& 10 Miiet 



AMBIENT AIR-QUALITY MONITORING (CANADA) 



A2-29 



POPLAR RIVER 
COOPERATIVE MONITORING ARRANGEMENT 

TECHNICAL MONITORING SCHEDULES 

1997 

UNITED STATES 



A2-30 



STREAMFLOW MONITORING 



Responsible Agency: United States Geological Survey 


No. on Map 


Station Number 


Station Name 


1* 


06178000 (11AE008) 


Poplar River at International 
Boundary 


2* 


06178500 (11AE003) 


East Poplar River at 
International Boundary 



International Gauging Station 



A2-31 



r 




5 10 15 Km 



Hi 



lO Mil«t 



HYDROMFTRIC GAUGING STATIONS (UNITED STATES) 



A2-32 



SURFACE-WATER- 


QUALITY MONITORING - Station Location 




Responsible Agency: U.S. Geological Survey 


No. on 


USGS Station 


Station Name 




Map 


No. 






1 


06178000 


Poplar River at International Boundary 


2 


06178500 


East Poplar River at International Boundary 


PARAMETERS 


WATSTOF 


IE* 




SAMPLING FREQUENCY 








NO. 




Code 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


1 


2 


3 


90410 


Alkalinity - lab 


Elect. Titration 


M 


BM 


BM 


01106 


Aluminum - diss 


AE, DC Plasma 


SA 


SA 


SA 


00610 


Ammonia - tot 


Colorimetric 


M 


BM 


BM 


00625 


Ammonia +Org N-tot 


Colorimetric 


M 


BM 


BM 


01000 


Arsenic - diss 


AA, hydride 


SA 


SA 


SA 


01002 


Arsenic - tot 


AA, hydride 


A 


A 


A 


01010 


Beryllium - diss 


ICP 


SA 


SA 


SA 


01012 


Beryllium - tot/rec 


AA - Persulfate 


A 


A 


A 


01020 


Boron - diss 


AE, DC Plasma 


M 


BM 


BM 


01025 


Cadmium - diss 


AA, GF 


SA 


SA 


SA 


01027 


Cadmium - tot/rec 


AA, GF - Persulfate 


A 


A 


A 


00915 


Calcium 


ICP 


M 


BM 


BM 


00680 


Carlxjn - tot Org 


Wet Oxidation 


SA 


SA 


SA 


00940 


Chloride - diss 


Colorimetric 


M 


BM 


BM 


01030 


Chromium - diss 


AE, DC Plasma 


SA 


SA 


SA 


01034 


Chromium - tot/rec 


AE, DC Plasma Persulfate 


A 


A 


A 


00080 


Colour 


Electrometric, visual 


M 


BM 


BM 


00095 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


M 


D 


BM 


01040 


Copper - diss 


AA, GF 


SA 


SA 


SA 


01042 


Copper - tot/rec 


AA, GF - Persulfate 


A 


A 


A 


00061 


Discharge - inst 


Direct measurement 


M 


BM 


BM 


00950 


Fluoride 


Electrometric 


M 


BM 


BM 


01046 


Iron - diss 


AE, ICP 


M 


BM 


BM 


01045 


Iron - tot/rec 


AA-Persulfate 


A 


A 


A 


01049 


Lead - diss 


AA, GF 


SA 


SA 


SA 


01051 


Lead - tot/rec 


AA, GF - Persulfate 


A 


A 


A 


00925 


Magnesium - diss 


AA 


M 


BM 


BM 


01056 


Manganese - diss 


ICP 


SA 


SA 


SA 


01055 


Manganese - tot/rec 


AA-Persulfate 


A 


A 


A 


01065 


Nickel - diss 


AA, GF 


SA 


SA 


SA 


01067 


Nickel - tot/rec 


AA, GF - Persulfate 


A 


A 


A 


00615 


Nitrite - tot 


Colorimetric 


M 


BM 


BM 


00630 


Nitrate + Nitrite - tot 


Colorimetric 


M 


BM 


BM 


00300 


Oxygen-diss 


Winkler/meter 


M 


BM 


BM 


70507 


Phos, Ortho-tot 


Colorimetric 


M 


BM 


BM 


00400 


PH 


Electrometric 


M 


BM 


BM 


00665 


Phosphorous - tot 


Colorimetric 


M 


BM 


BM 


00935 


Potassium - diss 


AA 


M 


BM 


BM 


00931 


SAR 


Calculated 


M 


BM 


BM 


80154 


Sediment - cone. 


Filtration-Gravimetric 


M 


BM 


BM 


80155 


Sediment - load 


Calculated 


M 


BM 


BM 


01145 


Selenium - diss 


AA, hydride 


SA 


SA 


SA 


01147 


Selenium tot 


AA, hydride 


A 


A 


A 


00955 


Silica 


ICP 


M 


BM 


BM 


00930 


Sodium 


ICP 


M 


BM 


BM 


00945 


Sulphate - diss 


Turbimetry 


M 


BM 


BM 


70301 


Total Dissolved Solids 


Calculated 


M 


BM 


BM 


00010 


Temp Water 


Stem Thermometer 


M 


BM 


BM 


00020 


Temp Air 


Stem Thennometer 


M 


BM 


BM 


00076 


Turbidity 


Nephelometric 


M 


BM 


BM 


80020 


Uranium - diss 


Spectrometry 


- 


MC 




01090 


Zinc - diss 


ICP 


SA 


SA 


SA 


01092 


Zinc - tot/rec 


AA-Persulfate 


A 


A 


A 



SYMBOLS: 

■ Computer storage and 



C - continuous; D - daily; M - monthly; BM - bimonthly; MC - monthly composite; 
A - annually at high flow; SA - semi-annually at low and high flow; GF - graphite furnace 



retrieval system - USGS AA - atomic absorption; tot - total; rec - recoverable; diss - dissolved; 

AE - atomic absorption; DC - direct current; ICP - inductively coupled plasma; 



A2-33 




lO Milt« 



SURFACE-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS (UNITED STATES) 



A2-34 



GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING - Station Locations 





Responsible Agency: Montana 


Bureau of Mines and Geology 


Map 


Well 


Total Depth (a) 


Casing 


Aquifer 


Perforation 


Number 


Location 


(m) 


Diameter (cm) 




Zone (m) 


7 


37N47E12BBBB 


44.1 


10.2 


Hart Coal 


39-44 


16 


37N46E3ABAB 


25.5 


10.2 


Fort Union 


23-25 


24 


37N48E5AB 


9.6 


10.2 


Alluvium 


9.2-96 


Parameters 


Storet 

• • 


Parameter 


Analytical Method 


Sampling Frequency Station No. 


Code 








00440 


Bicarbonates 


Electrometric Titration 


Sample collection is annually for 


01020 


Boron-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 


all locations identified above. 


00915 


Calcium 


Emission Plasma 




00445 


Carbonates 


Electrometric Titration 


The analytical method descriptions 


00940 


Chloride 


Ion Chromatography 


are those of the Montana Bureau of 


00095 


Conductivity 


Wheatstone Bridge 


Mines and Geology Laboratory where 


01040 


Copper-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 


the samples are analysed. 


00950 


Fluoride 


Ion Chromatography 




01046 


irondiss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01049 


Lead-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01130 


Lithium-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




00925 


Magnesium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01056 


Manganese-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01060 


Molybdenum 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




00630 


Nitrate 


Ion Chromatography 




00400 


PH 


Electrometric 




00935 


Potassium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01145 


Selenium-diss 


AA 




00955 


Silica 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




00930 


Sodium 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




01080 


Strontium-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




00445 


Sulphate 


Ion Chromatography 




00190 


Zinc-diss 


Emission Plasma, ICP 




70301 


TDS 


Calculated 





SYMBOLS: AA - Atomic Absorption; 
• Computer storage and retrieval system - EPA ICP - Inductively Coupled Plasma Unit 



A2-35 



r 






A 






SCALE 







5 10 


■5 Km 





5 


iO Miles 



GROUND-WATER-QUALITY MONITORING (UNITED STATES) 



A2-36 



GROUND-WATER LEVELS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL SEAM DEWATERING 



Responsible Agency: 


Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology 


No. on Map 


Sampling 


2 to 24 


Determine water levels quarterly 



A2-37 



r 




lO Miles 



V. 



GROUND-WATER PIEZOMETERS TO MONITOR POTENTIAL 
DRAWDOWN DUE TO COAL SEAM DEWATERING 

A2-38 



ANNEX 3 

RECOMMENDED FLOW APPORTIONMENT 

IN THE POPLAR RIVER BASIN 

BY THE INTERNATIONAL SOURIS-RED RIVERS ENGINEERING BOARD, 

POPLAR RIVER TASK FORCE (1976) 



A3-1 



•RECOMMENDED FLOW APPORTIONMENT 
IN THE POPLAR RIVER BASIN 

The aggregate natural flow of all streams and tributaries in the Poplar River Basin crossing the 
International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the United States subject 
to the following conditions: 

1 . The total natural flow of the West Fork Poplar River and all its tributaries crossing the 
International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the United States 
but the flow at the International Boundary in each tributary shall not be depleted by 
more than 60 percent of its natural flow. 

2. The total natural flow of all remaining streams and tributaries in the Poplar River Basin 
crossing the International Boundary shall be divided equally between Canada and the 
United States. Specific conditions of this division are as follows: 

(a) Canada shall deliver to the United States a minimum of 60 percent of the natural 
flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River at the International Boundary, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek and Middle Fork. 

(b) The delivery of water from Canada to the United States on the East Poplar River 
shall be determined on or about the first day of June of each year as follows: 

(i) When the total namral flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the 
immediately preceding March 1st to May 31st period does not exceed 
4,690 cubic decameters (3,800 acre-feet), then a continuous minimum 
flow of 0.028 cubic metres per second (1.0 cubic feet per second) shall 
be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar River at the 
International Boundary throughout the succeeding 12 month period 
commencing June 1st. In addition, a volume of 370 cubic decameters 
(300 acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon demand at 
any time during the 12 month period commencing June 1st. 

(ii) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as 
determined below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the 
immediately preceding March 1st to May 31st period is greater than 
4,690 cubic decameters (3,800 acre-feet), but does not exceed 9,250 
cubic decameters (7,5(X) acre-feet), 



Canada-United States, 1976, Joint smdies for flow apportionment. Poplar River Basin, Montana-Saskatchewan: Main Report, 
International Souris-Red Rivers Board, Poplar River Task Force, 43 pp. 



A3 -2 



then a continuous minimum flow of 0.057 cubic metres per second (2.0 cubic 
feet per second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar River 
at the International Boundary during the succeeding period June 1st through 
August 31st. A minimum delivery of 0.028 cubic metres per second (1.0 cubic 
feet per second) shall then be maintained from September 1st through to May 
31st of the following year. In addition, a volume of 617 cubic decameters (500 
acre-feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon demand at any time 
during the 12-month period commencing June 1st. 

(iii) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar River, as determined 

below the confluence of Goose Creek, during the immediately preceding March 
1st to May 31st period is greater than 9,250 cubic decameters (7,500 acre-feet), 
but does not exceed 14,800 cubic decameters (12,000 acre-feet), then a 
continuous minimum flow of 0.085 cubic metres per second (3.0 cubic feet per 
second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar River at the 
International Boundary during the succeeding period June 1st through August 
31st. A minimum delivery of 0.057 cubic metres per second (2.0 cubic feet per 
second) shall then be maintained from September 1st through to May 31st of the 
following year. In addition, a volume of 617 cubic decameters (500 acre-feet) 
shall be delivered to the United States upon demand at any time during the 12 
month period commencing June 1st. 

(iv) When the total natural flow of the Middle Fork Poplar, as determined below the 
confluence of Goose Creek, during the immediately preceding March 1st to May 
31st period exceeds 14,800 cubic decameters (12,(XX) acres-feet) then a 
continuous minimum flow of 0.085 cubic metres per second (3.0 cubic feet per 
second) shall be delivered to the United States on the East Poplar River at the 
International Boundary during the succeeding period June 1st through August 
31st. A minimum delivery of 0.057 cubic metres per second (2.0 cubic feet per 
second) shall then be maintained from September 1st through to May 31st of the 
following year. In addition, a volume of 1,230 cubic decameters (1,000 acre- 
feet) shall be delivered to the United States upon demand at any time during the 
12-month period commencing June 1st. 

(c) The natural flow at the International Boundary in each of the remaining 

individual tributaries shall not be depleted by more than 60 percent of its natural 
flow. 

3. The natural flow and division periods for apportionment purposes shall be determined, 
unless otherwise specified, for periods of time commensurate with the uses and 
requirements of both countries. 



A3-3 



ANNEX 4 



METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS 



A4-1 







METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS 


ac 


= 


4,CW7 m' = 0.04047 ha 


ac-ft 


= 


1,233.5 m' = 1.2335 dam' 


C 


= 


5/9(F°-32) 


cm 


= 


0.3937 in. 


cm^ 


= 


0.155 in^ 


dam' 


= 


1,000 m' = 0.8107 ac-ft 


fe 


= 


28.3171 x10'm' 


ha 


= 


10,000 m^ = 2.471 ac 


hm 


= 


100 m = 328.08 ft 


hm' 


= 


IxlO^m' 


l.gpm 


= 


0.0758 Us 


in 


= 


2.54 cm 


kg 


= 


2.20462 lb = 1.1 X 10' tons 


km 


= 


0.62137 miles 


km» 


= 


0.3861 mP 


L 


= 


0.3532 ft' = 0.21997 1. gal = 0.26420 U.S. gal 


Us 


= 


0.035 cfs = 13.193 l.gpm = 15.848 U.S. gpm 


m 


= 


3.2808 ftm= = 10.7636 ft^ 


m» 


= 


1 ,000 L = 35.3144 ft' = 219.97 1. gal= 264.2 U.S. gal 


m'/s 


= 


35.314 cfs 


mm 


= 


0.00328 ft 


tonne 


= 


1 ,000 kg = 1 .1 023 ton (short) 


U.S. gpm 


= 


0.0631 L/s 



For Air Samples 

ppm = 100 pphm = 1000 x (Molecular Weight of substance/24.45) mg/m' 



A4-2