# Patent

## Title
System and method for thermoelectric personal comfort controlled bedding

## Abstract

A distribution system is adapted for use with a mattress and a personal comfort system with an air conditioning system operable for outputting a conditioned air flow. The distribution system includes at least top and bottom layers of fabric material and a spacer structure disposed between the bottom and top layers. The spacer structure defines an internal volume within the distribution layer and is configured to enable the received conditioned air flow to flow therethrough. This flow of conditioned air has a cooling or heating effect on a body on the mattress.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY
The present application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/349,677 filed on May 28, 2010 and U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/444,965 filed on Feb. 21, 2011, which are both incorporated herein by reference.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present application relates generally to a user controlled personal comfort system and, more specifically, to a system and distribution method for providing ambient ventilation or using a thermoelectric heat pump to provide warm/cool conditioned air to products and devices enhancing an individual's personal comfort environment.
BACKGROUND
Many individuals can have trouble sleeping when the ambient temperature is too high or too low. For example, when it is very hot, the individual may be unable to achieve the comfort required to fall asleep. Additional tossing and turning by the individual may result in an increased body temperature, further exasperating the problem. The use of a conventional air conditioning system may be impractical due to the cost of operating the air conditioner, a noise associated with the air conditioner, or the lack of an air conditioner altogether. A fan may also be impractical due to noise or mere re-circulation of hot air. Of the above mentioned alternatives, all fail in their ability to directly remove or eliminate excess body heat from the bedding surface to body interface or, as conditions may require, add supplemental heating. Also, research indicates that varying an individual's temperature during the sleep process can facilitate and/or improve the quality of sleep.
SUMMARY
According to one embodiment, there is provided a distribution system adapted for use with a mattress and a personal comfort system having an air conditioning system operable for outputting a conditioned air flow. The distribution system includes an inlet interface adapted for receiving a conditioned air flow and a distribution layer. The distribution layer includes a bottom layer configured to inhibit a flow of air, a top layer, and a spacer structure disposed between the bottom layer and the top layer, the spacer structure defining an internal volume within the distribution layer and configured to enable the conditioned air flow to flow therethrough. At least a portion of the top layer is configured to allow at least a portion of the conditioned air flow to pass from the spacer structure into a surrounding atmosphere near a top surface of a mattress.
In another embodiment, there is provided another distribution system adapted for use with a mattress and a personal comfort system having an air conditioning system operable for outputting a conditioned air flow. The distribution system includes a spacer panel and a mattress overlay layer. The spacer panel has a first bottom layer of material having low permeability, a first top layer of material having at least some permeability, and a spacer structure disposed between the first bottom layer and the top layer, the spacer structure defining an internal volume within the spacer panel and configured to enable the conditioned air flow to flow therethrough. The mattress overlay layer is configured to be disposed above a mattress, and includes a second bottom layer of material having low permeability, and a second top layer of material having at least some permeability. The second bottom layer and the second top layer define an internal space adapted and sized to receive therein the spacer panel. At least a portion of the first top layer and portion of the second top layer are configured to enable at least a portion of the conditioned air flow to pass from the spacer structure into a surrounding atmosphere near a top surface of a mattress.
Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION below, it may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document. The term “packet” refers to any information-bearing communication signal, regardless of the format used for a particular communication signal. The terms “application,” “program,” and “routine” refer to one or more computer programs, sets of instructions, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, or related data adapted for implementation in a suitable computer language. The term “couple” and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, whether or not those elements are in physical contact with one another. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well as derivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication. The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaning and/or. The phrases “associated with” and “associated therewith,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, or the like. The term “controller” means any device, system, or part thereof that controls at least one operation. A controller may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or some combination of at least two of the same. The functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like parts:
FIG. 1 illustrates a bed that includes a personal comfort system according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 2A through 2H illustrate examples of an air distribution layer according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 3A through 3C illustrate an example of a spacer structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 4A through 4D illustrates a thermoelectric thermal transfer device according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 5A through 5G illustrate one embodiment a personal air conditioning control system of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 6A through 6J illustrate another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 7A through 7F illustrate yet another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate still yet another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system that utilizes passive regeneration according to the present disclosure;
FIGS. 9A through 9C illustrate another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system for positioning between the mattress and lower supporting foundation according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 illustrates another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system for positioning between the mattress and lower supporting foundation according to the present disclosure;
FIGS. 11A through 11C illustrate the heat pump chamber shown in FIG. 10;
FIGS. 12A through 12I illustrate another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system for positioning at the ends of the mattress and between the mattress and the lower supporting foundation according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 13 illustrates a control unit or system according to the present disclosure;
FIGS. 14A through 14F illustrate a distribution system in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 15A through 15B illustrate an inlet duct structure for use in delivering an air flow to the distribution layer of FIGS. 2A-2H or the distribution system of shown in FIGS. 14A-14F; and
FIGS. 16A-16C illustrate another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system according to the present disclosure.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIGS. 1 through 16C, discussed below, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of the present disclosure in this patent document are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present disclosure may be implemented in any suitably arranged personal cooling (including heating) system. As will be appreciated, though the term “cooling” is used throughout, this term also encompasses “heating” unless the use of the term cooling is expressly and specifically described to only mean cooling.
The personal air conditioning control system and the significant features are discussed in the preferred embodiments. With regard to the present disclosure, the term “distribution” refers to the conveyance of thermal energy via a defined path by conduction, natural or forced convection. The personal air conditioning control system can provide or generate unconditioned (ambient air) or conditioned air flow (hereinafter both referred to as “air flow” or “air stream”). The air flow may be conditioned to a predetermined temperature or proportional input power control, such as an air flow dispersed at a lower or higher than ambient temperature, and/or at a controlled humidity. In addition, heat sinks/sources that are attached, or otherwise coupled, to a thermoelectric engine/heat pump core (TEC) surface that provide conditioned air stream(s) to the distribution layer will be referred to as “supply sink/source”. Heat sinks/sources that are attached, or otherwise coupled, to a TEC surface that is absorbing the waste energy will be referred to as “exhaust sink/source”. In other words, the terms “sink” and “source” can be used interchangeably herein. Passive cooling refers to ambient air (forced) only cooling systems without inclusion of an active heating/cooling device.
FIG. 1 illustrates a bed 10 that includes a personal comfort system 110 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the bed 10 having the personal comfort system 100 shown in FIG. 1 is for illustration only and other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In addition, the bed 10 is shown for example and illustration; however, the following embodiments can be applied equally to other systems, such as, chairs, sleeping bags or pads, couches, futons, other furniture, apparel, blankets, and the like. In general, the embodiments of the personal comfort system are intended to be positioned adjacent a body to apply an environmental change on the body.
In the examples shown in FIG. 1, the bed 10 includes a mattress 50, a box-spring/platform 55 and the personal comfort system 100. The personal comfort system 100 is shown including a personal air conditioning control system 105 and a distribution structure or layer 110. The personal air conditioning control system 105 includes one or more axial fans or centrifugal blowers, or any other suitable air moving device(s) for providing air flow. In other embodiments, the personal air conditioning system 105 may include a resistive heater element or a thermal exchanger (thermoelectric engine/heat pump) coupled with the axial fan or centrifugal blower to provide higher/lower than ambient temperature air flow.
Hereinafter, the system(s) will be described with reference to “conditioned air,” but it will be understood that when no active heating/cooling device(s) are utilized, the conditioned air flow is actually unconditioned (e.g., ambient air without increase/decrease in temperature).
As shown, the personal comfort system 100 includes a distribution layer 110 coupled to the personal air conditioning control system 105. The distribution layer 110 is adapted to attach and secure to the mattress 50 (such as a fitted top sheet), and may also be disposed on the surface of the mattress 50 and configured to enable a bed sheet or other fabric to be placed over and/or around the distribution layer 110 and the mattress 50. Therefore, when an individual (the user) is resting on the bed 10, the distribution layer 110 is disposed between the individual and the mattress 50.
The personal air conditioning control system 105 delivers conditioned air to the distribution layer 110 which, in turn, carries the conditioned air in channels therein (discussed in further detail below with respect to FIGS. 2A-3C). The distribution layer 110 enables and carries substantially all of the conditioned air from a first end 52 of the mattress 50 to a second end 54 of the mattress 50. The distribution layer 110 may also be configured or adapted to allow a portion of the conditioned air to be vented, or otherwise percolate, towards the individual in an area substantially adjacent to a surface 56 of the mattress 50.
It will be understood that the geometry of the distribution layer 110 coincides with all or substantially all of the geometry (or a portion of the geometry) the mattress 50. The distribution layer 110 may include two (or more) substantially identical portions enabling two sides of the mattress to be user-controlled separately and independently. In other embodiments, the system 100 may include two (or more) distinct distribution layers 110 similarly enabling control of each separately and independently. For example, on a queen or king size bed, two distribution layers 110 (as shown in FIGS. 2A-3C, below) or two spacer fabric panels 1450 (as shown in FIGS. 14A-14C, below) may be provided for each half of the bed. Each may be controlled with separate control units or with a single control unit, and in another embodiment, may be remotely controlled using one or two handheld remote control devices (as described more fully below).
FIGS. 2A through 2E illustrate an example distribution layer 110 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments of the distribution layer 110 shown in FIGS. 2A through 2E are for illustration only and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
The distribution layer 110, when utilized in conjunction with the personal air conditioning control system 105, is designed to provide a personal comfort/temperature controlled environment. With respect to bedding applications, the distribution layer 110 may also be formed as a mattress topper or a mattress blanket, and may even be integrated within other components to form the mattress. In another embodiment described further below, the distribution layer 110 (or a differently constructed distribution layer) may be a separate stand-alone component that is inserted or placed within a mattress topper or mattress quilt (similar to a fitted sheet). In other applications, the system may be a personal body cooling/warming apparatus, such as a vest, undergarment, leggings, cap or helmet, or may be included in any type of furniture upon which an individual (or a body) would sit, rest or lie.
Distribution layer 110 is adapted for coupling to the personal air conditioning control system 105 to provide an ambient temperature, warm temperature or cool temperature conditioned air stream that creates an environment for the individual resulting in reduced blower/fan noise by controlling back pressure exerted on the blower/fan by the air stream while maximizing the amount of temperature uniformity across the exposed surface area(s). The distribution layer 110 is able to provide warming and cooling conductively (when a surface of the distribution layer 110 is in physical contact with the body) and convectively (when the air circulates near the body). In either manner, a thermal transfer or exchange occurs from/to the conditioned air within the distribution layer 110. The distribution layer 110 operates to conduct a stream of conditioned air down a center of the mattress 50, along the sides of the mattress 50, at any of the corners of the mattress 50, or any combination thereof. The conditioned air is pushed, pulled or re-circulated (or combination thereof) by the personal air conditioning control system 105.
The distribution layer 110 may be utilized in different heating/cooling modes. In a passive mode, the distribution layer 110 includes an air space between the user and the top of the mattress which facilitates some thermal transfer. No active devices are utilized. In a passive cooling mode, one or more fans and/or other air movement means cause ambient air flow through the distribution layer 110. In an active cooling/heating mode, one or more thermoelectric devices are utilized in conjunction with the fan(s) and/or air movement devices. One example of a thermoelectric device is a thermoelectric engine or cooler. In an active cooling with resistive heating mode, one or more thermoelectric devices are utilized for cooling in conjunction with the fan(s) and/or air movement devices. In this same mode, a resistive heating device is introduced to work with fan(s) and/or air movement devices to enable higher temperatures. This mode may also utilize a thermoelectric device. The resistive heating device may be a printed circuit trace on a thermoelectric device, a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) type device, or some other suitable device that generates heat.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, each of the personal air conditioning control systems described herein may be utilized in any of the different heating/cooling modes: passive (the system 105 would be inactive), passive cooling, active cooling/heating, and active cooling with resistive heating.
In one embodiment, the distribution layer 110 is adapted to be washable or sanitizable, or both. The distribution layer 110 may also be adapted or structured to provide support to the individual, resistance to crushing and/or resistance to blocking of the air flow.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, the distribution layer 110 is formed of a number of layers, including a comfort layer 205, a semi-permeable layer 210 and an insulation layer 215. Since the comfort layer 205 is disposed closest to a body, it generally includes any suitable fabric as known or developed and selected based on softness, appearance, odor retention or moisture control. The comfort layer 205 is beneficially constructed to provide high air permeability and adequate comfort which increases the effects of the conditioned air. In one embodiment, the permeability of the semi-permeable layer 210 includes an overall air permeability in a range of 1-20 cfm (measured in ft3/ft2/min by ASTM D737 with vacuum settings mathematically equivalent to a 30 mile per hour wind). In another embodiment, the semi-permeable layer 210 includes a preferred air permeability in a range of 1-12 cfm. The insulation layer 215 can be highly air permeable and helps to provide increased temperature uniformity across the distribution layer 110.
As will be appreciated, the comfort layer 205, the semi-permeable layer 210 and the insulation layer 215 (and in other embodiments, an insulation layer 220 and/or impermeable layer 225) can be combined to form an integrated permeability layer denoted by reference numeral 217. This integrated semi-permeability layer 217 (formed of layers 205, 210, 215) functions to provide insulation from ambient thermal load and may have a defined or measurable overall air permeability and moisture vapor permeability. In one embodiment, the integrated semi-permeability layer 217 includes an overall air permeability in a range of 1-20 cfm (measured in ft3/ft2/min by ASTM D737 with vacuum settings mathematically equivalent to a 30 mile per hour wind). In another embodiment, this integrated semi-permeability layer 217 includes a preferred air permeability in a range of 1-12 cfm.
The distribution layer 110 may optionally include an additional insulation layer 220 (similar in function to the layer 215) adjacent the semi-permeability layer 217 and an impermeable layer 225. These layers (insulation layer 220 and impermeable layer 225) shown in FIG. 2A are smaller and are utilized due to this area's exposure to ambient conditions at the head of the bed, sheets and covers. These may also be utilized at the foot of the bed, if desired.
A spacer structure (or layer) 230 is located adjacent to the insulation layer 215 (and the impermeable layer 225, if provided). The spacer structure 230 functions to perform a spacing function and creates a volume for fluid to flow through. In one embodiment, the spacer structure 230 includes a crushed fabric or a three dimensional (3D) mesh material. Other suitable materials that are capable of performing spacing/volume/fluid flow function(s) may be utilized. As will be appreciated, various “fluids” may be utilized in thermal transfers, and the term “fluid” may include air, liquid, or gas. Though the teachings and systems of the present disclosure are described with respect to air as the fluid, other fluids might be utilized. Thus, references herein to “air” are non-limiting, and “air” may be substituted with other fluids.
Positioned adjacent to the spacer structure 230 are a second insulation layer 235 and another impermeable layer 240. The insulation layer 235 can be highly air permeable and helps to provide increased temperature uniformity across the distribution layer 110. The impermeable layer 240 may include material(s) having a relatively low permeability (e.g., less than 2 cfm) or a permeability of zero cfm. The impermeable layer 240 can include material(s) having characteristics or functions such including a soft hand feel, moisture vapor impermeability and/or water resistance.
The spacer structure 230 is disposed between a set (one or more) of the top layers (formed by layers 205-225) and a set (one or more) of the bottom layers (formed by layers 235-240). Turning to FIG. 2B, the top layers 205-225 and the bottom layers 235-240 are bound together so as to capture the top layers, bottom layers and the spacer structure 230 to form an overall structure-distribution layer 110. The multiple layers can be bound by a surged edge 244, a tapered edge 246 or a combination thereof. Other suitable binding means may be utilized. The binding of the top layers 205-225 and the bottom layers 235-240 enables the conditioned air to move through the spacer structure 230 from one end to the other end without escaping through the lateral (bounded) sides.
In some embodiments, the top layers 205-225 include various air permeabilities with specific cut patterns (not shown) in the surface to maximize delivery of conditioned air to the individual. For example, the cut patterns (not shown) can be contoured to a shape corresponding to the individual lying on their back. In addition the cut pattern can be a triangular trapezoid with the larger end of the triangular shape at the individual's shoulders and extending from the individual's shoulders to their calves.
Turning to FIG. 2C, the distribution layer 110 includes an inlet 250, a first inlet region 252 and a second inlet region 255. The inlet 250 is adapted for coupling to the personal air conditioning control system 105 via an insulated hose 260. The inlet 250 may include a tube attachment (not shown), threading, or other coupling means, that can couple the distribution layer 110 to the hose 260. In other embodiments, the distribution layer 110 may include multiple inlets 250, while the hose 260 may include the inlet 250.
The inlet region 255 is adapted to enable conditioned air received through the inlet 250 to be directed and/or dispersed throughout the distribution layer 110. This may be accomplished through the use of stitches or other binding means positioned along lines 254. The inlet region 255 portion of the distribution layer 110 is positioned to extend along the top surface 56 at either the head or foot of the mattress 50. This extension may range from about six to about twenty inches. Alternatively, the inlet region 255 portion may extend downward from the surface 56 at the edge of the mattress 50.
As the conditioned air is received via the inlet 250, the conditioned air expands via the inlet regions 252 and 255 to move through the distribution layer 110. The inlet regions 252 and 255 help mitigate noise resulting from an air blower or air movement device (e.g., fan) in the personal air conditioning control system 105 by muffling and dispersing the conditioned air flow. In the embodiment shown, the inlet region 252 extends past the edge of the top surface 56 of the mattress 50 downward along a vertical side of the mattress 50 (see, FIG. 1). This extension can be triangular as shown in FIG. 2C or may be rectangular.
In the example shown in FIG. 2D, the distribution layer 110 includes a single semi-permeable layer 219, the insulation layer 220, the impermeable layer 225, the spacer structure 230 and a bottom impermeable layer 235. The single semi-permeable layer 219 is formed of material having a permeability in the range of about 1-20 cfm, with one embodiment having permeability of between about 1-12 cfm. The additional impermeable layer 225 prevents air flow up through the layers 220 and 219 until the air has passed the region defined by the inlet region 255 (the extension). Portions of the spacer structure 230 may or may not be included in the area at the head of the bed 50 (where a pillow would be located) which is defined generally by the area of the inlet region 255. The bottom impermeable layer 240 can have a relatively low permeability or a permeability of zero cfm.
Now turning to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2E, the impermeable layer 225 is omitted. This results in the additional exposure of the insulation layer 220 to ambient air in a region where the individuals' pillow and head would likely be positioned; this region is defined by the inlet region 255.
In some embodiments, the distribution layer 110 may only include a top layer (impermeable to semi-permeable), the spacer structure 230 and a bottom impermeable layer 240.
FIGS. 2F through 2H illustrate further example embodiments of the personal comfort system. As shown in FIG. 2F, for example, system 260 is similar in most respects to system 100 shown in FIG. 2C. Thus, system 100 includes inlet region 261 and stitch lines 262. Stitch lines 262, among other things, preferably prevent air from moving into the back corners of the apparatus. The back corners are those areas upward and to the left and right, respectively, from the inlet region as shown in FIG. 2F. As also shown, system 100 includes tack sewn nodes 263. In this particular embodiment, there are four rows of nodes that extend longitudinally along the apparatus. In two adjacent rows (e.g., the two rows to the left of the apparatus longitudinal centerline), the nodes 263 of one row are offset from the nodes of the adjacent row. The nodes 263 are preferably equally spaced apart. Preferably, the space between adjacent nodes (horizontally and/or diagonally) is not greater than about ten inches, and may range from about four to ten inches. It should be understood, however, that the spacing and layout of tack sewn nodes may be modified as desired, the illustrated arrangement is an example only, and any suitable spacing and/or layout may be utilized.
The centerline area is void of nodes 263, and this area may range from about four to about twenty inches wide.
The nodes 263 preferably bind all of the layers of the apparatus. That is, the tack connects all layers to one another at the respective tack location. It should be further understood, however, that this configuration may be modified. Thus, any particular tack sewn node 263 may connect fewer than all of the layers. Further, a node may connect two or more respective layers while providing any desirable spacing at the node location. Therefore, while a node may connect two layers, the spacing between those two layers may range from the layers contacting one another (no spacing) to some predetermined spacing depending on the desired result.
Further, the tack sewn quilting illustrated in FIG. 2 may be accomplished by any suitable technique. In one example, the tack sewn quilting is accomplished by using a single needle quilting machine. Accordingly, the tack sewn node pattern is created as the apparatus materials are fed through a continuous roll feed quilting machine. Of course, other techniques may be employed.
FIG. 2G illustrates a modified version of the apparatus. System 270 includes inlet region 271 and stitch lines 272. These features are similar to those described elsewhere in connection with other embodiments. System 270 also includes tack sewn nodes 273. These may be created as described elsewhere and may serve a similar purpose. As illustrated in FIG. 2G, nodes 273 are shown in a slightly different pattern. In this particular embodiment, the horizontal and vertical spacing between adjacent nodes 273 can range between about 2 inches to about 6 inches and the diagonal spacing between nodes 273 can range between about 3 inches to about 8 inches. Spacing between the adjacent nodes to the immediate left and right of the centerline may be slightly different than the spacing of the other adjacent nodes. Thus, in the illustrated example in FIG. 2G, the spacing between a node immediately left of the longitudinal centerline from a node immediately right of the longitudinal centerline can range from about 4 to about 15 inches, and may be about six inches in one embodiment. As indicated above, however, the relative spacing, number of rows and columns, overall pattern, etc. of the nodes may be varied as desired.
As shown in FIG. 2H, another example apparatus is illustrated. System 280 includes inlet region 281 and stitch lines 282. These features are similar to those described elsewhere. Dashed oval 284 is provided to illustrate an example head position of a user. Likewise, dashed oval 285 is provided to illustrate an example body position of a user. System 280 may include tack sewn nodes (not expressly shown) as described elsewhere. A pair of opposed stitch lines 286 may also be provided. Preferably, the stitch lines 286 are curved to each begin and end at points near or at the respective side edges of the apparatus, while the middle portions of the stitch lines extend toward the longitudinal centerline of the apparatus. Furthermore, the configuration of the stitch lines is such as to create a channel to allow air between the stitch lines and prohibit airflow outside of the channel. Thus, air flow is allowed primarily in a central region of the apparatus in an area corresponding to the location of the user's body. Similarly, air flow is not allowed in areas to the left and right of the user's body. Thus, air flow is not wasted in regions where flow is not needed to provide comfort. Of course, it will be understood that stitch lines may be used to create channels in any number of configurations based on a variety of factors such as mattress size, number of users, typical position of users, air flow capacities and requirements, etc. Also, the channels may be created by stitch lines that have any of a variety of configurations. Thus, while the stitch lines shown in FIG. 2H are opposing curves, the stitch lines may be straight, may form different geometric shapes, and/or may be positioned different from the stitch lines 286 shown in FIG. 2H.
FIGS. 3A through 3C illustrate an example of the spacer structure 230 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the spacer structure 230 shown in FIGS. 3A through 3C is for illustration only, and other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
The spacer structure 230 may be formed of a three-dimensional (3D) mesh fabric, such as Mller Textile article 5993, that is configured to provide reduced pressure drop and a number of discrete air flow paths down the length of the spacer structure 230.
The spacer structure 230 includes a number of strands 305a, 305b on the top surface (layer) 310 and the bottom surface (layer) 315. Each of the strands 305 can be composed of or otherwise include a plurality of fibers, such as a string, yarn or the like. The strands 305 traverse across a length of the spacer structure 230 in a crisscross pattern, as shown in the example illustrated in FIG. 3A. Each strand 305 is connected to an adjacent strand 305 at numerous points along the length of the spacer structure 230 where the strands are closest in proximity from a first apex 331a of a hexagon to a second apex 331b of the hexagon. For example, a first strand 305a is coupled to a second strand 305b at points 321a, 321b, 321c, . . . , and 321n. In addition, the second strand 305b is coupled to a third strand 305c at points 322a, 322b, 322c, . . . , and 322n. The strands 305 can be coupled by any coupling means such as by interleaving portions, or fibers, of one strand 305a with the portions from the adjacent strand 305b. 
FIG. 3B illustrates a longitudinal cross-section view of the spacer structure 230 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The spacer structure 230 includes a number of monofilaments (support fibers) 325 coupled between the top 310 and bottom 315 strands. The support fibers 325 can be a pile yarn, such as pole or distance yarn. The support fibers 325 can include a compression strength in the range of 7-9 kPA. The support fibers 325 are coupled in groups at the apexes of the hexagonal shapes in the top 310 and bottom 315 surfaces. That is, multiple strands 325, such as three strands, are disposed in close proximity and coupled at substantially the same points at the apexes of the hexagonal shapes. For example, a first group of support fibers 325a are coupled to strand 305a and strand 305b of the top 310 at point 321a. In addition, the first group of support fibers 325a is also coupled to strand 305a and 305b of the bottom 315 at point 321a′. The coupling of the groups of strands proximate at each respective connection point of the strands on the top 310 and bottom 315 creates a number channels 330 that traverse the length of the spacer structure 230. In addition, the coupling of the groups of strands 305 proximate to each respective connection point of the strands 305 on the top 310 and bottom 315 creates additional channels 335 that traverse diagonally across the spacer structure 230 at 45° from the longitudinal path, as shown in FIG. 3C. Although FIG. 3C illustrates a set of channels 335 in one cross-sectional view, additional channels 335 exist that traverse diagonally across the spacer structure 230 at −45° from the longitudinal path.
The spacer structure 230 can be dimensioned to range from about 6 mm to 24 mm thick (that is from top 310 to bottom 315). In some embodiments, the spacer structure 230 ranges from about 10 mm to 12 mm thick. The spacer structure 230 is constructed or formed of relatively soft material(s) such that it can be disposed at or near the surface of the mattress 50. In one embodiment, due to the construction of the support fibers 325 and the coupling to the top 310 and bottom 315 layers, the preferred thickness for the identified material from Mller Textile is in the range of about 10-12 mm range, otherwise any additional thickness may cause the spacer structure to collapse more easily when weight is applied.
The channels 330, 335 in the spacer structure 230 are configured to enable multiple flow paths of conditioned air in the same plane. The channels 330, 335 enable the conditioned air to flow along a path longitudinally down the length of the distribution layer 110 and diagonally along paths at 45° from the longitudinal path. The arrows, ←, , and  shown in the example in FIG. 3A illustrate conditioned air flow paths through the same plane provided by the channels 330 and 335.
Through the use of the multiple layers 205-240, inlet region 255 and spacer structure 230, the distribution layer 110 is configured to muffle and disperse the conditioned air in multiple directions. Noise and vibration transmission resulting from both the blower and air movement through the distribution layer 110 is reduced.
In some embodiments, the air flow through the spacer structure 230 can be customized by varying one or more of the density, patterning and size of the monofilaments (support fibers) 325. The patterning, size or composition of the support fibers 325 can be modified to increase or decrease density and/or for noise management (i.e., mitigation or cancellation) and to establish different channels 330, 335 for air flow. In addition, the width of the support fibers 325 can be varied to alter support, for noise management and to establish different channels 330, 335 for air flow.
FIGS. 4A through 4C illustrate various thermoelectric heat transfer devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
Referring to FIG. 4A, there is illustrated a thermoelectric thermal transfer device 440. The device 440 includes a thermoelectric engine/heat pump (TEC) 400. As is well known, the TEC 400 uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junctions of two different types of materials. When activated, heat is transferred from one side of the TEC 400 to the other such that a first side 405 of the TEC 400 becomes cold while a second side 410 becomes hot (or vice versa).
In another embodiment consistent with the previously described active cooling with resistive heating mode, the device 440 may include a resistive heating device/element (not shown). As described previously, the resistive heating device/element may include a printed circuit trace on the TEC 400, a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) type device, or some other suitable device capable of generating heat.
The thermal transfer device 440 includes a pair of heat exchangers 415, 425. Herein, the term hot sink (or source) is used interchangeably with a heat exchanger coupled to the hot side 410 of the TEC 400 and the term cold sink (or source) is used interchangeably with a heat exchanger coupled to the cold side 405 of the TEC 400.
A first heat exchanger 415 is coupled to the first side 405 and a second heat exchanger 420 is couple to the second side 410. Each heat exchanger 415, 420 includes material(s) that facilitates the transfer of heat. This may include material(s) with high thermal conductivity, including graphite or metals, such as copper (Cu) or aluminum, and may include a number of fins 430 to facilitate the transfer of heat. When air passes through and around the fins 430, a heat transfer occurs. For example, the fins 430 on the first heat exchanger 415 become cold as a result of thermal coupling to the cold side (the first side 405) of the TEC 400. As air passes through and around the fins 430, the air is cooled by a transfer of heat from the air (hot) into the fins 430 (cool). A similar operation occurs on the hot side where the air flow draws heat away from the fins 430 which have been heated as a result of the thermal coupling to the hot side (the second side 410) of the TEC 400; thus heating the air.
The heat exchangers 415, 420 can be configured for coupling to the TEC 400 such that the fins 430 of the first heat exchanger 415 are parallel with the fins 430 of the second heat exchanger 420 as shown in the example in FIG. 4A.
Now referring to FIG. 4B, there is illustrated a thermoelectric thermal transfer device 450 (cross-flow configuration). In this embodiment, the fins 430 of the heat exchangers are disposed perpendicular to each other, that is, in a cross-fin (i.e., cross-flow) orientation. For example, the fins 430 of the first heat exchanger 415 are disposed at a 90° angle from the fins 430 of the second heat exchanger 420 as shown in the example in FIG. 4B.
Now referring to FIG. 4C, there is illustrated a thermoelectric thermal transfer device 470 (oblique configuration). In this embodiment, the heat exchangers 415, 420 are coupled in an oblique manner. Either or both of the heat exchangers 415, 420 include fins 430 that are disposed at an oblique angle from the sides 405, 410 of the TEC 400 as shown in the example in FIG. 4C. The fins 430 can be slanted in multiple orientations to help manage condensate. For example, the heat exchangers 415 can include an angled fin configuration such that the fins 430 are non-perpendicular to the cold side 405 of the TEC 400, allowing for condensate management in multiple orientations of the overall engine.
Now referring to FIG. 4D, there is illustrated a thermoelectric thermal transfer device 480 (multiple). In this embodiment, the thermal transfer device 480 includes multiple heat exchangers coupled to at least one side of the TEC 400. For example, the device 480 includes a heat exchanger 415 coupled to a first side of the TEC 400 and two heat exchangers 420a, 420b coupled to a second side of the TEC 400. It will be understood that illustration of the device 480 including a single heat exchanger 415 and two heat exchangers 420 is for illustration only and other numbers of heat exchangers 415 and heat exchangers 420 could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In addition, the device 480 may include multiple TECs 400, each with single or multiple exchangers on each side.
In one embodiment, the heat exchangers 415 and 420 include a hydrophobic coating that reduces the tendency for water molecules to remain on the fins 430 due to surface tension. The water molecules bead-up and run off the heat exchanger 415, 420. The hydrophobic coating also reduces the heat load build up to the TEC 400.
In another embodiment, the heat exchangers 415 and 420 include a hydrophilic coating that also reduces the tendency for water molecules to remain on the fins 430 due to surface tension. The water molecules wet-out. The hydrophilic coating also reduces the heat load build up to the TEC 400.
FIGS. 5A through 5G illustrate one example of the personal air conditioning control system 105 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the personal air conditioning control system 105 is identified using reference numeral 500.
The system 500 includes a thermoelectric heat transfer device, such as devices 440, 450, 470 or 480. The system 500 is configured to deliver conditioned air to the distribution layer 110.
In another embodiment (not shown), the system 105 may includes multiple thermoelectric heat transfer devices (440, 450, 470, 480). In yet another embodiment (not shown), two or more systems 105 may be utilized to supply conditioned air to the distribution layer 110. It will be understood that these multiple devices/systems can operate cooperatively or independently to provide conditioned air to the distribution layer 110.
The system 500 includes a housing 505 that uses air blower geometry to minimize size and maximize performance of blowers/fans 545. The housing 505 includes a perforated cover 510 on each of two sides of the housing 505, and the perforated covers 510 may be transparent or solid. Each perforated cover 510 includes a plurality of vias or openings 515 for air flow. The housing 505 includes a front edge side 520 and a front oblique side 525. The front oblique side 525 is disposed at an approximately 45° angle between the front edge side 520 and a top side 530. The front edge side includes a conditioned air outlet 535, while the front oblique side 525 includes an exhaust outlet 540. In addition, the front edge side 520 and the front oblique side 525 may each include foam insulation 522 for noise reduction and thermal efficiency.
The system 500 includes a pair of independent blowers 545, each disposed behind a respective one of the perforated covers 510. These blowers 545 can operate independently to draw ambient air into the interior volume of the system 500 through the supply side vias 515. In some embodiments, either or both of the covers 510 include a filter such that particles or other impurities are filtered from the air as the air is drawn through the supply side vias 515.
As shown, the system 500 includes the thermal transfer device 450 (cross-flow configuration) including the TEC 400, though alternative configurations of the thermal transfer device (e.g., 440, 470, 480) may be used. As described previously, in the device 450, the fins 430 of the first heat exchanger 415 are disposed at a 90° angle from the fins 430 of the second heat exchanger 420 (as shown in FIG. 4B). The air drawn in by the blower(s) 545 is channeled along two paths to the thermal transfer device 450.
The device 450 is positioned at an angle corresponding to the front oblique side 525. The fins 430 of the second heat exchanger 420 (hot sink) are disposed at an angle in parallel with the exhaust outlet 540 and the fins 430 of the first heat exchanger 415 (cold sink) are disposed at an angle directed towards the conditioned air outlet 535. In this particular embodiment, fins 430 of the heat exchangers include a hydrophobic coating thereon.
The angles at which heat exchanger(s) are disposed, and the corresponding angles of the fins 430, are configured to enable condensate that forms on the heat exchangers to be wicked away via sloped surfaces 555, 556 towards a wicking material 558. The sloped surfaces 555, 556 and wicking material 558 are configured to provide condensation management. The wicking material 558 can be any material adapted to wick moisture without absorbing the moisture.
The housing 505 includes a number of dividing walls 560 configured to provide channels from the respective blowers 545 to guide air through the heat exchangers of the device 450. The dividing walls 560 also support the overall device 450 in the specified position and assist to seal the respective hot and cold sides of the TEC 400. The dividing walls 560 can be made of plastic or the like.
The system 500 further includes a power supply (not shown) and a control unit 570 operable for controlling the overall operation and functions of the system 500. The control unit 570 is described in further detail herein below with respect to FIG. 13. The control unit 570 can be configured to communicate with one or more external devices or remotes via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or wireless communication medium (such as Bluetooth®) to transfer or download data to the external devices or to receive commands from the external device. The control unit 570 may include a power switch adapted to interrupt one or more functions of the system 500, such as interrupting a power supply to the blowers 545. The power supply is adapted to provide electrical energy to enable operation of the heat transfer device 450 (or others) (including the TEC 400), the blowers 545, and remaining electrical components in the system 500. The power supply can operate at an input power between 2 watts (W) and 200 W (or at 0 W in the passive mode). The control unit 570 may be configured to communicate with a second control unit 570 in a second system 500 operating in cooperation with each other.
FIGS. 6A through 6J illustrate a different embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system 105 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the personal air conditioning control system 105 is identified using reference numeral 600.
The system 600 includes two thermal transfer devices (440, 450, 470) or a thermal transfer device (480). In another embodiment, the system 600 includes a thermal transfer device 480 that includes any one or more of: (1) a single TEC 400 with multiple exhaust sinks, (2) a single TEC 400 with multiple supply sinks, (3) multiple TECs 400 with a single exhaust sink, (4) multiple TECs 400 with a single supply sink, or (5) any combination thereof. As with the system 500, the system 600 is configured to deliver conditioned air to the distribution layer 110. In another configuration, two or more of these systems 600 may be coupled to the distribution layer 110.
As shown, the system 600 includes a housing 605 (that is generally rectangular in shape) having a top cover 607, a supply side 608, a non-supply side 609, a bottom tray 610 and two end caps 611, 612. The housing 605 is dimensioned to fit under most standard beds. In one illustrative example, the housing 605 is dimensioned to be about 125 mm high, 115 mm wide and 336 mm long.
The supply side 608 and back side 609 are coupled together by a fastening means such as screw(s), latch(es), or clip(s) such that the two thermal transfer devices (e.g., 440, 450, 470) and internal blower 630 are tightly suspended, but not hard mounted. The supply side 608 and non-supply side 609 create, with ledges and ribbing, sealing surfaces to provide a seal between the supply and exhaust sides of the thermal transfer devices (440, 450, 470). The supply side 608 and non-supply side 609 also create, with ledges and ribbing, an air baffling required to supply conditioned air, manage condensate, and manage exhaust from the thermal transfer devices (440, 450, 470).
The system 600 includes a pair of axial fans 615 configured to draw exhaust from the thermal transfer devices (440, 450, 470). The axial fans 615 are mounted above the thermal transfer devices (440, 450, 470) and adjacent to (such as centered in relation to) the fins 430 of the exhaust heat exchanger 622 (exhaust sink 420). As shown in the example illustrated in FIG. 6F, the axial fans 615 are mounted to the sides 608 and 609 with rubber mounts 650 and a flat gasket 655 to reduce vibration.
Each of the axial fans 615 operates to drive exhaust from each of the two thermal transfer devices (440, 450, 470) through a first set of exhaust vias 620a and a second set of exhaust vias 620b in the top cover 607; each set of vias 620 is disposed above a respective one of the axial fans 615. The axial fans 615 draw ambient air in through ambient air intakes 625 and across exhaust heat exchanger 622 to draw the heat away from the thermal transfer devices (440, 450, 470) in a cooling operation.
A similar operation can be performed to draw the exhaust heat exchangers 622 towards an ambient temperature in a heating operation. For example, in a heating operation (e.g., the polarity of the input voltage to the thermal transfer devices is reversed such that the hot sides are coupled to the supply heat exchangers 624 (the supply heat exchanger) and the cold sides are coupled to the exhaust heat exchanger 622 (the exhaust heat exchanger). The axial fans 615 draw ambient air in through ambient air intakes 625 and across exhaust heat exchangers 622 to cool the exhaust air. The proximity and orientation of the axial fans 615 is configured to provide for a low pressure drop and high flow. This provides for low noise and improved performance density.
Ambient air is received into the system 600 via the ambient air intakes 625 and through the supply vias 635. While the ambient air drawn through the ambient air intakes 625 is drawn across and through the exhaust heat exchangers 622 and expelled through the exhaust vias 620, the ambient air drawn in through the supply vias 635 has two paths (as shown in FIG. 6G). The internal blower 630 draws ambient air in through a number of supply vias 635 across supply heat exchangers 624 of the heat transfer devices (440, 450, 470). Ambient air is drawn in by the internal blower 630 through end caps 611, 612 past and through the supply heat exchangers 624 (which are disposed proximate to the intake vias 635 in the end caps 611, 612) and expelled by the internal blower 630 via the supply outlet 640. A portion of the ambient air is drawn by one or more small axial fans (“condensate fans”) 642 from the supply vias 635 into the bottom tray 610. The air traversing through the bottom tray 610 and, as part of a condensation management system (discussed in further detail herein below with respect to FIGS. 6H through 6J) collects moisture in the bottom tray 610, in wicking cords 645, and in flat wicks 648, is expelled by the condensate fans 642 as humid air via a humid air outlet 633. As will be appreciated, condensate from the heat exchanger(s) drops through openings into the flat wicks 648 and into the wicking cords 64, and any excess condensate falls into the bottom tray.
In some embodiments, end caps 611 and 612 include a filter that removes particles or other impurities from the ambient air after the ambient air is drawn through the supply vias 635. The filter and end caps are removable so that they can be replaced over time as particulate builds up in the filters.
The system 600 may include two condensation management systems, such as a primary condensation management system and a secondary condensation management system. In the examples shown in FIGS. 6H, 6-I and 6J, the primary condensation management system includes the bottom tray 610, the axial fans 615, wicking cords 645, and the flat wicks 648 (coupled to flat wick nodules 649 which hold the flat wicks in place), while the secondary condensation management system includes the small condensate fans 642 which draw air across the bottom tray 610, the flat wicks 648 and a portion of the wicking cords 645.
The bottom tray 610 can be a single solid piece configured to function as a holding tank for condensation. The wicking cords 645 are coupled between exhaust heat exchangers 622 and the bottom tray 610 to wick condensation from the bottom tray 610 area (and from the flat wicks 648) to the fins 430 of the exhaust heat exchangers 622. The axial fans 615 move warm or ambient air across a portion of the wicking cords 645 extending into and around the heat exchangers 622 (see, FIGS. 6H and 6-I showing the cords entering the housing) to remove moisture so that the cords will continuously draw moisture from the bottom tray area. In some embodiments, the wicking cords 645 are directly connected from supply heat exchangers 624 to the exhaust heat exchangers 622. For example, the wicking cords 645 can wick moisture from a cold side sink directly to a hot side sink.
The secondary condensation management system includes the bottom tray 610, the condensate fans 642, the flat wick inserts 648 (and even the wicking cords 645). In the example shown in FIGS. 6-I and 6J, the second condensation management system is illustrated with the bottom tray 610 removed. Ambient air drawn into the bottom tray 610 area by the condensate fan 642 will absorb moisture built up in the tray 610, on the flat wicks 648, and on a portion of the wicking cords, and remove it via the humid air outlet 633. The flat wicks 648 remove condensate build up by direct contact or indirect contact with the supply heat exchangers 624, and wick the moisture to the bottom tray 610 cavity. The flat wicks 648 are composed of a wicking material adapted to wick moisture without absorbing the moisture. Once saturated, gravity will cause the flat wicks 648 to drip condensate into the bottom tray 610 to be managed by either the primary and secondary condensate management systems or both.
In operation, the secondary condensate management system utilizes the condensate fans 642 to draw ambient air in through the base cavity (formed by the bottom tray 610) via the end caps. This air will pick up moisture from the flat wicks, a portion of the wicking cords and from the surface area of any pooled moisture in the bottom tray. The condensate fans 642 can operate substantially continuously in order to remove condensation, or can operate intermittently when any or a significant amount of moisture is detected (such as by a sensor) in the bottom tray 610.
For example, during a cooling mode, the supply heat exchanger 624 might condense moisture from the air, depending on the temperature and humidity. As the moisture reaches the bottom of the supply heat exchanger 624, it contacts the flat wicks 648 which wicks or absorbs the moisture. The moisture migrates to the dryer parts of the wick 648, which will be its bottom sides due to the active condensate management in the bottom tray, and may be transferred to the wicking cords 645. Additionally, if the flat wicks 648 reach saturation, gravity will cause the water to enter the bottom tray 610 cavity through the holes in a plastic plate of the flat wicks 648. At some levels of saturation, the moisture will drip from the flat wicks 648 into the base plate itself. Once the moisture is in the bottom tray 610 cavity, the primary condensate management draws the moisture from the bottom tray 610 cavity. Wicking cords 645 sit on, or otherwise can be in contact with, the bottom tray 610 and the flat wicks 648. The wicking cords 645 can be composed of any suitable wicking material adapted to wick moisture without absorbing the moisture. The moisture migrates to the dryer parts of the wicking cords 645 (the basic concept of how a wick works), which is driven by the exhaust fans 615 pulling dry (and in the cooling mode, warm) air across the other end of these wicking cords 645 near or at the exhaust heat exchangers 624.
Further, when the system 600 is not actively heating or cooling, one or more (or all) of the axial fans 615, 642 can remain running so that the unit will continually dry out. Therefore, as the thermal transfer device(s) in the system 600 are idle, the condensation management system can continue to control moisture in the system and reduce a potential for mold in the bottom tray. Additionally, the wicking cords 645 and flat wicks 648 are removable so that the user can replace them periodically so that the condensate management system remains effective.
The system is adapted to couple to a power supply (not shown). The power supply can be an external power supply or an internal power supply. The power supply is adapted to provide electrical energy to enable operation of the thermal transfer devices (e.g., 440, 450, 470, 480), the axial fans 615, the internal blower 630, the condensate fans 642 and the remaining systems in the system 600.
The system 600 further includes a power supply (not shown) and a control unit 670 operable for controlling the overall operation and functions of the system 600. The control unit 670 is described in further detail herein below with respect to FIG. 13. The control unit 670 can be configured to communicate with one or more external devices or remotes via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or wireless communication medium (such as Bluetooth®) to transfer or download data to the external devices or to receive commands from the external device. The control unit 670 may include a power switch adapted to interrupt one or more functions of the system 600, such as interrupting a power supply to the blowers/fans. The power supply is adapted to provide electrical energy to enable operation of the heat transfer device(s) 440, 450, 470, 480 (including the TEC 400), the blowers/fans, and remaining electrical components in the system 600. The power supply can operate at an input power between 2 watts (W) and 200 W (or at 0 W in the passive mode). The control unit 670 may be configured to communicate with a second control unit 670 in a second system 600 operating in cooperation with each other.
FIGS. 7A through 7F illustrate another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system 105. In this embodiment, the system 105 is identified using reference numeral 700.
In the example illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7F, the system 700 includes a housing 705 (generally rectangular in shape) having a plurality of supply vias 715 disposed on multiple sides of the housing 705. The housing 705 also includes a plurality of exhaust vias 730 disposed on an exhaust side 731 of the housing 705. The housing 705 can be dimensioned to fit under most standard beds.
The system 700 includes a thermal transfer device core assembly 720 (as shown in FIG. 7D) which includes two thermal transfer devices (440, 450, 470) coupled together, or may include the thermal transfer device 480 with a single TEC 400, and dual exhaust heat exchangers 722 and a supply heat exchanger 724.
In the example shown in FIGS. 7D through 7F, the housing 705 is shown removed leaving a housing 710 which includes the core assembly 720 therein. The housing 710 can be sheet metal, plastic or the like, and is configured to contain and support the core assembly 720. The housing 710 includes an opening/via 712 proximate the exhaust side heat exchangers 722 and another opening/via 714 proximate to the supply side heat exchangers 724 to allow ambient air to be drawn through and around the exchangers 722, 724.
The system 700 includes a pair of fans 725 configured to draw air across the exhaust side heat exchangers 722. The fans 725 can be ultra silent Noctua® fans, or the like, and are mounted adjacent the exhaust side heat exchangers 722 with rubber mounts and a gasket to reduce vibration. The fans 725 draw air in via the plurality of vias 715 and expel the heated (or cooled in a heating mode) exhaust air out through exhaust vias 730 positioned proximate the fans 725.
Also included is a main fan or blower 735 configured to draw air across the supply side heat exchangers 724. The fan 735 draws ambient air in through the plurality of vias 715 and across the supply side heat exchangers 724 to cool (or heat in a heating mode) the air for delivery to the distribution layer 110 through an outlet 737 leading to a supply outlet 740. The location (placement) of the blower, gasketing and ducting provide additional noise reduction.
The system 700 further includes a power supply (not shown) and a control unit 770 operable for controlling the overall operation and functions of the system 700. The control unit 770 is described in further detail herein below with respect to FIG. 13. The control unit 770 can be configured to communicate with one or more external devices or remotes via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or wireless communication medium (such as Bluetooth®) to transfer or download data to the external devices or to receive commands from the external device. The control unit 770 may include a power switch adapted to interrupt one or more functions of the system 700, such as interrupting a power supply to the blowers/fans. The power supply is adapted to provide electrical energy to enable operation of the heat transfer device(s) 440, 450, 470, 480 (including the TEC 400), the blowers/fans, and remaining electrical components in the system 700. The power supply can operate at an input power between 2 watts (W) and 200 W (or at 0 W in the passive mode). The control unit 770 may be configured to communicate with a second control unit 770 in a second system 700 operating in cooperation with each other.
FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate yet another personal air conditioning system 105 with passive regeneration according to the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the system 105 is identified using reference numeral 800.
As shown in FIG. 8A, the system 800 includes a housing substantially similar to the housing 605 for the system 600. This system 800, however, is adapted or configured to perform passive regeneration.
In passive regeneration, incoming air is pre-cooled by a first sink that has been cooled by conditioned air coming from the supply sink to assist in lowering the relative humidity of the conditioned air. The system 800 is configured similar to the system 700 by including the core assembly 720 which includes two TECs 400a and 400b. The TECs 400a, 400b are separated by a pair of displaced sinks (DP sink) 805 disposed in a staggered relationship between the TECs 400a, 400b such that the DP sinks 805 are offset from the TECs.
As previously noted, core assembly 720 is contained within a housing 710. Each TEC 400a, 400b is thermally coupled to the exhaust heat exchangers 420 (hot) and the supply heat exchangers 415 (cold). The exhaust sinks 420 with fins 430 transfer heat away from the hot side of the corresponding TEC 400a, 400b to an air flow. The supply sinks 415 with fins 430 transfer cold energy from the cold side of the corresponding TEC 400a, 400b to an air flow. As will be appreciated the fins 430 may be configured as set forth in the heat transfer devices 440, 450, 470.
The DP sinks 805 each include a first DP sink 805a having a plurality of fins 810 and a second DP sink 805b having a plurality of fins 810. The fins 810 can be slanted in multiple orientations to help direct and manage condensate. Due to the staggering of the TECs 400 and the DP sinks 805, a first set of DP sink fins 810a extends from, or is otherwise not contained within, the housing 710. In addition, a second set of DP sink fins 810b is substantially aligned with the supply sinks 415.
A pair of axial fans 825 are configured to draw air across the hot sinks 420 for each of the TECs 400. The fans 825 can be ultra silent Noctua® fans, or the like, and are mounted, adjacent to the exhaust sinks 420, with rubber mounts and a gasket to reduce vibrations. The fans 825 draw air in through the ambient air intakes 625 (illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B) and expel the heated exhaust air out through proximate ones of the exhaust vias 620.
A main cold side fan or blower 830 mounted between the TECs 400 and adjacent to the DP sinks 805 is included to draw air ambient air into the system 800 and across the DP sinks 805 and supply sinks 415 (cold). For example, the fan 830 draws ambient air in through the opening 835 that is proximate to an area between the DP sinks 805. A portion of ambient air is channeled or otherwise flows through the DP sink fins 810a. It will be understood that the example shown in FIG. 8B illustrates air flow on one side of the system; however, similar operations occur on the other side. The ambient air is pre-cooled as it passes through the DP sink fins 810a. The pre-cooled air then flows through opening 840 in the internal housing 710 and through the supply sink 415a where it is cooled further. By pre-cooling the ambient air, the supply sink 415a is operable to cool the air to a temperature lower than when pre-cooling is not performed. Then, the cooled air flows over the DP sink fins 810b. The DP sink fins 810b increase the temperature of the air and reduce the relative humidity of the air. By pre-cooling and cooling, the air is cooled to a lower temperature than by use of a single-stage cooling process. Then the cooled air passes through the main fan 830 and is delivered to the distribution layer 110 through the supply outlet 840. In addition, passive regeneration can employ a similar process to preheat ambient with the DP sinks 805.
As with prior embodiments, the system 800 further includes a power supply (not shown) and a control unit 870 operable for controlling the overall operation and functions of the system 800. The control unit 870 is described in further detail herein below with respect to FIG. 13. The control unit 870 can be configured to communicate with one or more external devices or remotes via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or wireless communication medium (such as Bluetooth®) to transfer or download data to the external devices or to receive commands from the external device. The control unit 870 may include a power switch adapted to interrupt one or more functions of the system 800, such as interrupting a power supply to the blowers/fans. The power supply is adapted to provide electrical energy to enable operation of the heat transfer device(s) 440, 450, 470, 480 (including the TEC 400), the blowers/fans, and remaining electrical components in the system 800. The power supply can operate at an input power between 2 watts (W) and 200 W (or at 0 W in the passive mode). The control unit 870 may be configured to communicate with a second control unit 870 in a second system 800 operating in cooperation with each other.
FIGS. 9A through 9C illustrate another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system 105. In this embodiment, the system 105 is identified using reference numeral 900.
The system 900 may be positioned between the mattress 50 and a box-spring, foundation or floor 55, and is dimensioned to be used with standard bed sheets and linens or bed skirt such that customization of the bed sheets, linens and/or bed skirt is unnecessary or may only require slight modification.
As with the other embodiments, the system 900 may include one or more thermal heat transfer devices 440, 450, 470, 480 which includes at least one TEC 400. A housing 905 composed of wood, plastic, Styrofoam, metal, or the like (or any combination thereof) includes a number of dividers 910 that define a number of air flow channels—including fresh air (ambient) channels 915 and exhaust air channels 917. The system 900 is configured to deliver conditioned air to the distribution layer 110.
Housing 905 includes a supply outlet 920 adapted to couple to an extension from the distribution layer 110 that is similar to the triangular tongue extension region 252. The distribution layer 110 is coupled to the system 900 at a first (supply) end 925, via the extension region 252, wraps around the mattress 50 and is secured at a second end 930, and will likewise re-circulate the air through the supply inlet 922. For example, the distribution layer 110 may be secured at the second end 930 using an additional extension region 252 as seen at the head of the mattress. In some embodiments, the system 900 and the distribution layer 110 include one or more fastening means to couple or otherwise secure the distribution layer 110 to the housing 905 of the system 900.
Channel dividers 910 include a number of openings or passageways 942 (such as vias or through-ways) that allow fresh air from fresh air inlets 935 and conditioned air (recirculated) from the supply inlet 922 towards the thermal transfer device(s) (440, 450, 470, 480). Supply blowers or fans 945a, 945b push this combined air flow into the airbox region 946.
Substantially equal volumes of air pass over the supply sinks 415 and the exhaust sinks 420 of the thermal transfer devices. A first portion of the air (supply) is actively user-controlled cooled or warmed as it passes through and around the fins 430 connected to the supply sinks 415. The air flows through the supply outlet 920 to the distribution layer 110. A second portion of air (exhaust) is warmed or cooled as it passes through and around the fins 430 connected to the exhaust sinks 420. The exhaust air is directed by the channels 917 towards exhaust outlets 950 at the end 930.
Additional fans 940 assist in pulling the conditioned air through the distribution layer 110 and recirculated again through the thermal transfer devices (and some portion of this air may exit as exhaust). In this configuration, fresh air drawn into the system and at least a portion of recirculated air are passed through the conditioning system.
As with prior embodiments, the system 900 further includes a power supply (not shown) and a control unit 970 operable for controlling the overall operation and functions of the system 900. The control unit 970 is described in further detail herein below with respect to FIG. 13. The control unit 970 can be configured to communicate with one or more external devices or remotes via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or wireless communication medium (such as Bluetooth®) to transfer or download data to the external devices or to receive commands from the external device. The control unit 970 may include a power switch adapted to interrupt one or more functions of the system 900, such as interrupting a power supply to the blowers/fans. The power supply is adapted to provide electrical energy to enable operation of the heat transfer device(s) 440, 450, 470, 480 (including the TEC 400), the blowers/fans, and remaining electrical components in the system 900. The power supply can operate at an input power between 2 watts (W) and 200 W (or at 0 W in the passive mode). The control unit 970 may be configured to communicate with a second control unit 970 in a second system 900 operating in cooperation with each other.
Now turning to FIG. 10, there is illustrated yet another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system 105. In this embodiment, the system 105 is identified using reference numeral 1000.
The system 1000 may be positioned between mattress 50 and a box-spring 55 as long as there is additional support structure for the mattress 50. The tubular system 1000 is dimensioned to be used with standard bed sheets and linens or bed skirt such that customization of the bed sheets, linens and/or bed skirt is unnecessary or may only require slight modification.
In another embodiment, it may be positioned inside the mattress 50 or box-spring 55. The system may be contained or otherwise surrounded by a housing structure (not shown), which may be composed of plastic, Styrofoam, metal or the like (or any combination thereof).
As with other embodiments of the system 105, the system 1000 may include one or more thermal heat transfer devices 440, 450, 470, 480 which include at least one TEC 400. In the example shown in FIG. 10, the system functions to re-circulate air through the distribution layer 110. A supply outlet 1005 is adapted to couple to an inlet extension of the distribution layer 110 (e.g., the triangular tongue extension region 252). The distribution layer 110 also includes an outlet extension (similar to the inlet extension) for coupling to a return inlet 1010. As shown, the return inlet 1010 is coupled to return channels 1015a, 1015b which may be arranged as a pair of tubes or piping. These return channels may be constructed of metal, plastic or the like.
Located adjacent the return inlet 1010 are one or more tube axial fans 1020. These may be positioned within the channels 1015a, 1015b. In one example, a first tube axial fan 1020 is disposed at the opening of a first return channel 1015a and a second tube axial fan 1020 is disposed at the opening of a first return channel 1015b. In another example, a single tube axial fan 1020 is disposed at an opening of both return channels 1015. The tube axial fan 1020 draws air from the distribution layer 110 and pushes the air through the return channels 1015 such that each of the return channels 1015 carries a portion of the air received from the distribution layer 110.
The return channels 1015 are coupled to a heat pump chamber 1025, illustrated in further detail in FIGS. 11A through 11C. The heat pump chamber 1025 is shown with two heat transfer devices (e.g., 440, 450, 470, 480) each with a TEC 400. The heat pump chamber 1025 also includes one or more fresh air inlets 1030 and one or more exhaust outlets 1035. The supply sinks 420 (cold side) can be aligned with the channels 1015 while the exhaust sinks 415 (hot side) can be positioned between the fresh air inlets 1030 and exhaust outlets 1035.
Another pair of supply tube axial fans 1040 draws air in through the fresh air inlets 1030 and over the exhaust sinks 415 to be vented via exhaust outlets 1035. Although the example shown in FIGS. 10 and 11A through 11C illustrate a configuration for providing cooled air to the distribution layer 110, the heat pump chamber 1025 can be configured to provide heated air to the distribution layer as well.
As with the prior embodiments, the system 1000 further includes a power supply (not shown) and a control unit 1070 operable for controlling the overall operation and functions of the system 1000. The control unit 1070 is described in further detail herein below with respect to FIG. 13. The control unit 1070 can be configured to communicate with one or more external devices or remotes via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or wireless communication medium (such as Bluetooth®) to transfer or download data to the external devices or to receive commands from the external device. The control unit 1070 may include a power switch adapted to interrupt one or more functions of the system 1000, such as interrupting a power supply to the blowers/fans. The power supply is adapted to provide electrical energy to enable operation of the heat transfer device(s) 440, 450, 470, 480 (including the TEC 400), the blowers/fans, and remaining electrical components in the system 1000. The power supply can operate at an input power between 2 watts (W) and 200 W (or at 0 W in the passive mode). The control unit 1070 may be configured to communicate with a second control unit 1070 in a second system 1000 operating in cooperation with each other.
Now turning to FIGS. 12A through 12I, there is illustrated still yet another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system 105. In this embodiment, the system 105 is identified using reference numeral 1200 and includes two separate units for positioning at different locations between the mattress 50 and a box-spring 55. The two separate units are a headwedge 1205 (FIGS. 12B-12E) and a footwedge 1210 (FIGS. 12F-12I).
The headwedge 1205 includes a housing 1204 (constructed of wood, plastic, Styrofoam, metal, or the like, or any combination thereof) having a top 1206, a bottom 1207, an outside edge 1208 and a number of inside edges 1209. The inside edges 1209 are slanted such that the headwedge 1205 can be “wedged” between the mattress 50 and the box-spring 55.
Similarly, the footwedge 1210 includes a housing 1214 (constructed of wood, plastic, Styrofoam, metal, or the like, or any combination thereof) having a top 1216, a bottom 1217, an outside edge 1218 and a number of inside edges 1219. The inside edges 1219 are slanted such that the footwedge 1210 can be “wedged” between the mattress 50 and the box-spring 55.
The headwedge 1205 includes at least one thermal transfer device (e.g., 440, 450, 470, 480) and a pair of blowers or fans 1225 that draws a first portion of ambient air over the exhaust sinks 420 coupled to the TEC(s) 400 in the headwedge 1205. As will be appreciated, multiple blowers or fans 1255 in the footwedge 1210 draws a second portion of ambient air over the exhaust sinks 420 coupled to the TEC(s) 400 within the headwedge 1205. Ambient air enters via supply inlets 1230.
The first portion of the air is cooled as it passes through and around the fins 430 coupled to the supply sinks 415 (cold) of the TEC(s) 400. The cooled air flows through a supply outlet 1235 to the distribution layer 110 (not shown in these FIGURES). A second portion of the air is heated as it passes through and around the fins 430 coupled to the exhaust sinks 420 (hot) of the TEC(s) 400. The heated air exits through exhaust outlets 1240 for communicating the air into ambient space.
In the example illustrated in FIGS. 12A through 12I, the distribution layer 110 (not shown) includes the inlet 240 and further includes an outlet which may be similar to the inlet. Return inlet 1250 is coupled (e.g., using a hose) to the outlet of the distribution layer 110. A number of radial blowers/fans 1255 pull air through the distribution layer 110 into the return inlet 1250. Therefore, the footwedge 1210 is adapted to pull air over for cooling by the TEC(s) 400 in the headwedge 1205 to be conditioned and distributed through the distribution layer 110.
The radial blowers 1255 also expel the returned air via a number of exhaust outlets 1260. The air expelled through exhaust outlets 1260 flows along inner channels and is vented through external outlets 1265 into ambient space. In some embodiments, the expelled air is vented directly into ambient space from the exhaust outlets 1260.
As with prior embodiments, the system 1200 further includes one or more power supplies (not shown) and a control unit 1270 (a single system or multiple systems 1270) operable for controlling the overall operation and functions of the system 1200. The control unit 1270 is described in further detail herein below with respect to FIG. 13. The control unit 1270 can be configured to communicate with one or more external devices or remotes via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or wireless communication medium (such as Bluetooth®) to transfer or download data to the external devices or to receive commands from the external device. The control unit 1270 may include a power switch adapted to interrupt one or more functions of the system 1200, such as interrupting a power supply to the blowers/fans. The power supply is adapted to provide electrical energy to enable operation of the heat transfer device(s) 440, 450, 470, 480 (including the TEC 400), the blowers/fans, and remaining electrical components in the system 1200. The power supply can operate at an input power between 2 watts (W) and 200 W (or at 0 W in the passive mode). The control unit 1270 may be configured to communicate with a second control unit 1270 in a second system 1200 operating in cooperation with each other.
As will be appreciated, the several embodiments of the personal air conditioning control system 105 in the personal comfort system 100 can be configured to either push or pull conditioned air through the distribution layer 100. In some embodiments, the personal comfort system 100 may be a closed system and the personal air conditioning control system 105 is configured to re-circulate conditioned air through the distribution layer 100. The airflow may comprise a direct path from a supply side to an outlet side. Additionally and alternatively, the airflow may be configured in a racetrack path from the supply side to the outlet side.
FIG. 13 illustrates the major components of the control unit or system (570, 670, 770, 870, 970, 1070, 1270, 1670) for use in the different embodiments of the system 105—which will hereinafter be identified and referred to as control unit or system 1300. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
The control unit 1300 includes a central processing unit (“CPU”) 1305, a memory unit 1310, and a user interface 1315 communicatively coupled via one or more one or more communication links 1325 (such as a bus). In some embodiments, the control unit 1300 may also include a communication interface 1320 for external communications.
It will be understood that the control unit 1300 may be differently configured and that each of the listed components may actually represent several different components. For example, the CPU 1305 may actually represent a multi-processor or a distributed processing system. In addition, the memory unit 1310 may include different levels of cache memory, main memory, hard disks, or can be a computer readable medium, for example, the memory unit can be any electronic, magnetic, electromagnetic, optical, electro-optical, electro-mechanical, and/or other physical device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit a computer program, software, firmware, or data for use by the microprocessor or other computer-related system or method.
The user interface 1315 enables the user to manage airflow, cooling, heating, humidity, noise, filtering, and/or condensate. The user interface 1315 can include a keypad and/or knobs/buttons for receiving user inputs. The user interface 1315 also can include a display for informing the user regarding status of operation of the personal comfort system, a temperature setting, a humidity setting, and the like. In some embodiments, the user interface 1315 includes a remote control handset (not shown) coupled to the personal air conditioning control system 105 via a wireline or wireless interface.
The CPU 1305 is responsive to commands received via the user interface 1315 (and/or sensors) to adjust and control operation of the personal comfort system 100. The CPU 1305 executes a plurality of instructions stored in memory unit 1310 to regulate or control temperature, air flow, humidity, noise, filtering and condensate. For example, the CPU 1305 can control the temperature output from the TEC(s) 400 (at the heat exchangers) by varying input power level to the TEC 400. In another example, the CPU 1305 can adjust a duty cycle of the TECs 400 and one or more supply blowers/fans to adjust a temperature, air flow, or both. In addition, the CPU 1305 can adjust one or more valves (dampers) in the supply outlets to mix a portion of the heated air from the exhaust heat exchangers with cooled air from the cold side heat exchangers to regulate a temperature of the conditioned air delivered to the distribution layer 110. The CPU 1305 may also control temperature in response to a humidity feedback and access control settings or instructions stored in the memory unit 1310 to ensure the temperature of the cold sinks do not drop below the dew point. Therefore, the CPU 1305 can regulate humidity and moisture build-up in the mattress, distribution layer 110 and/or system 105.
In some embodiments, sensors 1350 measure and/or assess ambient humidity and temperature. Such sensors may be located in a remote user interface module (not shown) configured as a remote control handset, or remotely located and communicatively coupled to the control unit 1300 via wired or wireless communications. Actual conditions that the user is experiencing are captured as opposed to conventional systems wherein the microclimate created around the thermoelectric engine can skew the optimum control settings. Additionally, one or more environmental sensors 1350 may be placed in or near the distribution layer 110 system to provide feedback of the users heat load or comfort level. The control unit 1300 receives the sensor readings and adjusts one or more parameters or settings to improve the overall comfort level. These sensors may transmits the sensed condition via wire or wirelessly through Bluetooth, RF, home G/N network signals, infrared, or other wireless configurations. The handheld remote user interface 1335 can also use these signals to communicate to the system 105. These signals could also be used to connect to existing Bluetooth devices including personal computers, cell phones, and other sensors including but not limited to temperature, humidity, acceleration, light and sound.
The control unit 1300 may also interface/communicate with an external device (such as a computer or handheld device), such as through USB or wirelessly as described above. The control unit 1300 may be programmed to change temperature set points multiple times throughout the sleep experience, and may be programmable for multiple time periods—similar to a programmable thermostat. Data logging of temperatures and other parametric variables can be performed to monitor and/or analyze sleep patterns and comfort levels. Different control modes or operations may include TEC power level control, temperature set point control, blower/fan speed control, multipoint time change control, humidity limiting control based on ambient humidity sensor readings to minimize condensation production, ambient reflection control where the set point is the ideal state (for example, if ambient is colder than set point the control adds heat and if the ambient is warmer than set point the control adds cooling in such a way that it is inverse proportionally controlled) and other integrated appliance/sensor schemes.
In one embodiment, the control unit 1300 calculates a dew point (assuming a standard pressure) from humidity and temperature measurements received from one or more sensors 1350 located near the system 100. In response to the calculated dew point, the control unit controls the system 105 based on the calculated dew point to prevent or reduce condensate. For example, if the humidity is relatively high, the system 105 may control operation such that a particular operating temperature of the conditioned air (or the thermoelectric device) does not fall below a certain temperature that may cause the system to operate at or below the dew point. As will be appreciated, operation at or below the dew point increases load factor substantially.
In another embodiment (not shown in the FIGURES), when the control unit 1300 may be logically and/or physically divided into a master control unit and a slave control unit (or secondary control unit). The master control unit is configured as set forth above (e.g., processor, communications interface, memory, etc.) and (1) controls a first thermal transfer device associated with a first distribution layer 100 or distribution system 1400 and (2) generates and transmits control signals to the slave control unit enabling control of a second thermal transfer device associated with a second distribution layer 110 or distribution system 1400. For example, the master control unit controls the environment on one side of the bed, while the slave control unit controls the environment on the other side.
In yet another embodiment (not shown in the FIGURES), the system 105 includes two remote control units for generating and transmitting control signals (wired or wirelessly) to the control unit 1300 for independently controlling two different areas (e.g., sides) of the bed. In one embodiment, each remote control unit transmits control signals to the control unit. In a different embodiment, one remote control unit (slave) generates and transmits its control signals to the other remote control unit (master), which in turn, transmits or relays these received slave control signals to the control unit 1300. As will be appreciated, the master remote control unit also generates and transmits its own control signals.
Additional control schemes may be implemented to ramp temperature as an entering sleep or wakeup enhancement. In addition, control schemes may include the ability to pre-cool or pre-heat based on programmed times and durations. Another control scheme can allow for ventilation of the bedding when not in use. The control schemes can integrate existing bedroom appliances to include, but not limited to alarm clock, night lights, white noise generator, light sensors, automated blinds, aroma therapy, and condensation pumps to water plants/pets, and so forth.
In some embodiments, the personal air conditioning control system 105 includes a filter adapted to remove unwanted contaminates, particles or other impurities from the conditioned air. The filter can be removable, such as for cleaning. In some embodiments, the control unit 1300 includes a filter timer 1330 providing a countdown or use function for indicating when the filter should be serviced or changed. Upon expiration of a preset time, such as a specified number of hours operated, the filter timer 1330 can provide a signal to the CPU 1105. In response, the CPU 1305 can provide a warning indicator to the user to service or change the filter. In some embodiments, the warning indicator is included on the user interface 1315, such as on the display.
In some embodiments, the personal air conditioning control system 105 includes an overprotection circuit. The overprotection circuit 1340 can be an inline thermal switch that ceases the personal air conditioning control system 105 operation in the event of TEC or system failure.
In some embodiments, the personal air conditioning control system 105 includes a condensation/humidity management system. In some embodiments, the condensation/humidity management system is passive. In some embodiments, condensation/humidity management system is active.
For example, in a passive condensation/humidity management system, the personal air conditioning control system 105 can include a desiccant at one or more locations therein. The desiccant can be used when the personal comfort system 100 is in operation. The personal comfort system 100 can uses a low watt resistor to recharge the desiccant when in an off-mode. In addition, the personal comfort system 100 can include wicking material in the system 105 and/or the distribution layer 110. The wicking material can be located downstream of the air flow directed into the distribution layer 110. The wicking material can use the exhaust air from the system 105 to draw away and evaporate the condensation.
In an active condensation/humidity management system, the personal comfort system 100 includes a cooling tower arrangement to control condensation that forms on the cold side sinks. The moisture drips off from the cold side sink fins through a perforated plate and onto a layer of wicking material. The lower cavity can employ axial fans to pull ambient air over the wicking material and out through the axial fans, thus allowing for evaporation back into the ambient environment.
This condensate also can be captured and pumped into a container, plant or other vessel to provide water. Therefore, the room humidity is reduced; thereby improving the overall comfort level for the entire room. This feature also improves the efficiency of the unit because the thermoelectric engine is not condensing and evaporating the same water back and forth from vapor to liquid state. When the condensate is captured in a vessel the potential change in delta temperature grows because the dew point is lowered throughout the sleep experience increasing the maximum cooling delta available to improve comfort.
Now turning to FIGS. 14A-14D, there is illustrated a distribution system 1400 (functioning as the distribution layer 110) having two separate components—a mattress overlay envelope layer 1410 (FIGS. 14A-14B) and a spacer fabric panel 1450 (FIGS. 14C-14E). These components are configured to be separate, but with the spacer fabric panel 1450 removably inserted into the envelope layer 1410.
As will be appreciated, the envelope layer 1410 is configured similar to a fitted sheet or mattress pad, which is placed on the mattress 50 and held in place using the sides/corners of the mattress. The envelope layer 1410 further includes an internal volume or space (compartment) 1412 adapted and sized to receive therein the spacer fabric panel 1450.
In the embodiment shown in the FIGS. 14A and 14B, the envelope layer 1410 is dimensioned for a queen or king mattress (for two persons) and has two identical sides, but can be dimensioned and configured for single person mattresses. The envelope layer 1410 includes a top layer 1414, a middle layer 1416, an intermediate bottom layer 1418 and a bottom layer 1420 (See, FIG. 14B illustrating a cross-section of the layer 1410). In this embodiment, all of these layers extend the width and length of the mattress. Upon placement of the envelope layer 1410 on the mattress, the bottom layer 1420 contacts the outer surface of the underlying mattress. As will be appreciated, the internal volume 1412 is created and bounded between the intermediate bottom layer 1418 and the bottom layer 1420 with the stitch lines 1422 forming the outer lateral boundaries. Between these two layers (within volume 142) is where the spacer fabric panel 1450 is disposed.
The top layer 1414 may be formed of a fabric material that is semi-permeable, while the middle layer 1416 functions as an insulation layer. The intermediate bottom layer 1418 may be formed from fabric functioning as a liner or support material, such as tricot fabric. The bottom layer 1420 may be either semi-permeable or permeable.
Positioned at one end of the envelope layer 1410 are openings 1424a (disposed between layers 1418 and 1420) and which provide access to the interior volumes 1412. Prior to operation of the system, the spacer fabric panel 1450 is inserted through the opening 1424a into the volume 1412. In another embodiment, the other end of the envelope layer 1410 may also include openings 1424b. In various embodiments, the openings 1424a have a length L1 that can range from about 2 inches to the entire length (width) of the envelope layer 1410. In other embodiments, this length can be from about 2 to 15 inches, about 6 to 10 inches or about 8 inches. The openings 1424b can have the same or different lengths, and in one embodiment they have a length shorter than the length of the openings 1424a. 
Now turning to FIGS. 14C-14F, there is provided a top view, bottom view, end view and a side view, respectively, of the spacer fabric panel 1450. The spacer fabric panel 1450 includes two end sections 1452 (but may only have one) and a middle section 1454. The panel 1450 includes the spacer structure 230 (see FIGS. 2A-3C and accompanying description), a bottom layer 1456 and a partial top layer 1458. The partial top layer 1458 is formed of impermeable fabric material and coincides with the end sections 1452 (and not the middle section 1454). The bottom layer 1456 is formed of impermeable fabric material, and the bottom layer 1456 and spacer structure 230 coincide with the entire area of the panel 1450 (as illustrated in FIGS. 14C, 14F). At one end of the panel 1450, a rectangular passageway or opening 1460 is formed between the bottom layer 1456 and the partial top layer 1458. The opening 1460 functions as an inlet for receiving conditioned air from the personal air conditioning systems 105. In various embodiments, the opening 1460 has a length L2 that can range from about 2 inches to the entire length (width) of the panel 1450. In other embodiments, this length can be from about 2 to 15 inches, about 6 to 10 inches or about 8 inches. Though not shown, the other end of the panel 1450 may also include a similar passageway for outletting air flowing into the panel 1450.
The exterior periphery (except at the opening 1460) of the panel 1450 is bound, such as by tri-dimensional binding tape, to hold the three layers (1456, 230, 1458) together and form the panel 1450. Other suitable binding structures or mechanisms may be utilized.
Now turning to FIG. 15A, there is shown an air inlet duct structure 1510 for interfacing with, and supplying conditioned air, to the spacer fabric panel 1450 which is shown disposed within the envelope layer 1410 (not visible). The air inlet duct structure 1510 includes a hose portion 1520, a first inlet extension 1530 and an internal inlet extension 1540 (not visible in FIG. 15A). It will be understood that the inlet duct structure 1510 may also be utilized with distribution layer 110 instead of the ducting structures shown in FIG. 2C.
The hose portion 1520 typically will include an air hose of necessary length for coupling to a supply outlet of the personal air conditioning systems 105. Coupled to the hose portion 1520 is the first inlet extension 1530 which has, in this embodiment, a rectangular cross-sectional shape. Now turning to FIG. 15B, there is illustrated a cross-section view of the first inlet extension 1530 and the internal inlet extension 1540, as well as the junction/interface with the spacer fabric panel 1450.
The first inlet extension 1530 and the internal inlet extension 1540 include an impermeably layer of material 1542 surrounding a spacer structure 1550. The spacer structure 1550 can be of the same or similar construction as the spacing structure material 230. This forms a conduit for the conditioned air to flow through while maintaining a partially rigid support structure. This allows the duct structure 1510 to hang down from the mattress and form natural ninety degree angle. This ninety degree transition interface reduces noise and vibration transmitted from the system 105. The noise and/or vibration may originate from the fans, blower and/or air movement. With the use of the duct structure 1510 as shown, no rigid plastic materials in the form of a elbow angle is required. Such plastic and rigid materials may produce unwanted noise as the air flows into the spacer fabric panel 1450.
The outer layer 1542 extends the length of the first inlet extension 1530 and the length of the internal inlet extension 1540 and is coupled to the bottom and top layers 1456, 1458 of the panel 1450 by a coupling mechanism 1560 to enable all (or almost all) of the conditioned air to flow into the panel 1450. Any suitable attachment or coupling mechanisms, structures or methods may be utilized, including velcro, buttons, or the like. Around the junction, the spacer structure 1550 is split and is wrapped or sandwiched around the spacer structure 230 within the panel 1450. This provides a cross-sectional area that allows conditioned air to flow into the panel 1450. The thickness dimension of the two split ends of the spacer structure 1550 may be the same or different than the thickness dimension of the spacer structure 230 within the panel 1450.
Similarly, at the junction of the first inlet extension 1530 and the internal inlet extension 1540 there is a suitable attachment or coupling mechanism, structure or method of attachment.
As will be appreciated, the spacer structure 1540 within the first inlet extension 1530 maintains a cross-sectional area sufficient to maintain air flow when the extension 1530 is bent at the 90 degree bend or angle (as shown). Further, the material of spacer structure 1550 allows such a bending/angle. In one embodiment, the spacer structure 1550 within the first inlet extension 1530 and internal inlet extension 1540 is formed of single piece of spacer structure material that is folded back upon itself to form the split ends at one end. Other suitable configurations may be utilized.
Now turning to FIGS. 16A-16C, there is illustrated another embodiment of the personal air conditioning control system 105. In this embodiment, the system 105 is identified using reference numeral 1600 and includes one or more thermal transfer devices (440, 450, 470, 480).
As with other embodiments of the system 105, the system 1600 is configured to deliver conditioned air to the distribution layer 110 (or the distribution system 1400). In another embodiment, two or more of these systems 1600 may be coupled to the distribution layer 110.
As shown in FIGS. 16A-16C, the system 1600 includes a housing 1605 (that is generally rectangular in shape) formed of multiple components, including a top cover 1610, a bottom tray 1612, a first center section 1614 and a second center section 1616. These four components are designed to be easily assembled or mated to form the housing 1605, such as a clamshell-type design. In this embodiment, the two center sections 1614 and 1616 are identical.
The top cover 1610 includes a supply outlet 1620 for supplying conditioned air to the distribution layer 110 (or the distribution system 1400). Multiple ambient air inlets 1622 positioned along the peripheries of the top cover 1610 and the bottom tray 1612 (as shown in FIG. 16B) allow ambient air to enter an internal chamber 1630 that is divided into a supply side chamber 1630a and an exhaust side chamber 1630b (as shown in FIG. 16C). Within the chamber 1630 is positioned the one or more thermal heat transfer devices (e.g., 440, 450, 470, 480).
One or more supply side fans 1640 function to draw air through the inlets 1622 and into the supply side chamber 1630a where the air is cooled by the supply side sink 415 (cold side) and force the cooled conditioned air through supply outlet 1620. Similarly, one or more exhaust side fans 1650 function to draw air through the inlets 1622 and into the exhaust side chamber 1630b where the air is heated by the exhaust side sink 420 (hot side) and force the heated air out into the ambient through exhaust vents 1652.
The embodiment of the system 1600 may be more beneficial due to its reduced size and decreased assembly complexity. In this embodiment, the two center sections 1614 and 1616 are identical and have integrated fan guards. Though not shown, the system 1600 typically will include one or more filters positioned therein to filter particles or other impurities from the air flowing into the inlets 1622. By dividing the intake air from both the top and bottom, the pressure drop to the respect fans is reduced and reduces noise.
By drawing air near, through or over the bottom tray 1612, any condensate that forms and collects within a condensate collection tray (not shown) located in the bottom tray 1612 can be evaporated by the intake air flow. In this embodiment, no wicking material may be necessary, though it may optionally be included therein.
As with the other embodiments, the system 1600 further includes a power supply (not shown) and a control unit 1670 operable for controlling the overall operation and functions of the system 1600. The control unit 1670 is described in further detail herein below with respect to FIG. 13. The control unit 1670 can be configured to communicate with one or more external devices or remotes via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or wireless communication medium (such as Bluetooth®) to transfer or download data to the external devices or to receive commands from the external device. The control unit 1670 may include a power switch adapted to interrupt one or more functions of the system 1600, such as interrupting a power supply to the blowers/fans. The power supply is adapted to provide electrical energy to enable operation of the heat transfer device(s) 440, 450, 470, 480 (including the TEC 400), the blowers/fans, and remaining electrical components in the system 1600. The power supply can operate at an input power between 2 watts (W) and 200 W (or at 0 W in the passive mode). The control unit 1670 may be configured to communicate with a second control unit 1670 in a second system 1600 operating in cooperation with each other.
As will be appreciated, all of the embodiments of the personal air conditioning system 105 described herein can be utilized to supply an air flow to the distribution layer 110 or the distribution system 1400.
Although the present disclosure has been described with an exemplary embodiment, various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art. It is intended that the present disclosure encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A distribution system adapted for use with a mattress and a personal comfort system having an air conditioning system operable for outputting a conditioned air flow, the distribution system comprising:
a spacer panel comprising:
a spacer structure defining an internal volume within the spacer panel and configured to enable the conditioned air flow to flow therethrough,
a first bottom layer of impermeable material and disposed under the spacer structure, and
a first top layer formed of impermeable material and disposed above the spacer structure at end sections of the spacer structure and not a middle section of the spacer structure;

a mattress overlay layer configured to be disposed above the mattress, the mattress overlay layer comprising:
a second bottom layer of material having low permeability,
a second top layer of material having at least some permeability, wherein the second bottom layer and the second top layer define an internal space adapted and sized to receive therein the spacer panel, and
an opening configured to enable the spacer panel to be removably inserted into the internal space between the second bottom layer and the second top layer of the mattress overlay layer and receive a conditioned air flow from an air conditioning system for delivery to the spacer panel; and

wherein at least a portion of the second top layer is configured to enable at least a portion of the conditioned air flow to pass from the spacer structure into a surrounding atmosphere near a top surface of a mattress.

2. The distribution system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second top layer of the mattress overlay layer extends substantially a length of the mattress, and the second top layer comprises:
a top layer of semi-permeable fabric;
a middle layer of insulation material; and
an intermediate bottom layer.

3. The distribution system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first top layer of the spacer panel is impermeable and a partial layer that extends along an end portion of the mattress overlay layer.

4. The distribution system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the opening is about 2 to 15 inches.

5. The distribution system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the spacer structure comprises a three-dimensional (3D) mesh fabric configured to provide support to a body and resistance to crushing and blocking of the conditioned air flow.

6. The distribution system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the mattress overlay layer is configured to receive therein at least two spacer panels.

7. The distribution system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the spacer panel includes an opening between the first top layer and the first bottom layer for receiving a conditioned air flow.

8. The distribution system in accordance with claim 7 wherein the opening in the spacer panel between the first top layer and the first bottom layer for receiving a conditioned air flow has a width in a range of between about 2 to 15 inches.

9. The distribution system in accordance with claim 7 further comprising:
an air inlet duct structure for interfacing with the opening of the spacer panel, the air inlet duct structure comprising,
a first inlet extension having a first impermeable layer with a first duct spacer structure disposed therein;
an internal inlet extension having a second impermeable layer with a second duct spacer structure disposed therein; and

wherein the first inlet extension and the internal inlet extension are configured to form a conduit for air flow and to be partially rigid thereby enabling at least a portion of the air inlet duct structure to bend up to an angle of around ninety degrees.

10. The distribution system in accordance with claim 9 wherein the first duct spacer structure and the second duct spacer structure comprise a three-dimensional (3D) mesh fabric configured to allow air flow.

11. The distribution system in accordance with claim 9 further comprising:
a coupling mechanism for coupling the air inlet duct structure to the spacer panel.

12. The distribution system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the spacer structure includes at least two channels enabling conditioned air to flow along a first longitudinal path down a length of the spacer structure and along a second path diagonally from the first longitudinal path.

13. The distribution system in accordance with claim 1 further comprising:
an air inlet duct structure having a rectangular cross sectional shape and configured to receive the conditioned air flow from the air conditioning system and convey the conditioned air through the opening.

14. A distribution system adapted for use with a mattress and a personal comfort system having an air conditioning system operable for outputting a conditioned air flow, the distribution system comprising:
a spacer panel comprising:
a spacer structure defining an internal volume within the spacer panel and configured to enable the conditioned air flow to flow therethrough, the spacer structure comprising a three-dimensional (3D) mesh fabric configured to provide support to a body and resistance to crushing and blocking of the conditioned air flow,
a first bottom layer of impermeable material and disposed under the spacer structure, and
a first top layer formed of impermeable material and disposed above the spacer structure at end sections of the spacer structure and not a middle section of the spacer structure;

a mattress overlay layer configured to be disposed above a mattress, the mattress overlay layer comprising:
a second bottom layer of material having low permeability,
a second top layer of material having at least some permeability, wherein the second bottom layer and the second top layer are configured to define a first and a second internal space adapted and sized each to receive therein a spacer panel,
a first opening between the second bottom layer and the second top layer of a size that enables insertion or removal of a first spacer panel within the first internal space and configured to receive a conditioned air flow from an air conditioning system for delivery to the first spacer panel when disposed therein, and
a second opening between the second bottom layer and the second top layer of a size that enables insertion or removal of a second spacer panel within the second internal space and configured to receive a conditioned air flow from an air conditioning system for delivery to the second spacer panel when disposed therein; and
wherein at least a portion of the second top layer is configured to enable at least a portion of the conditioned air flow to pass from the spacer structure of the spacer panel into a surrounding atmosphere near a top surface of a mattress.

15. The distribution system in accordance with claim 14 wherein each of the spacer panels includes an opening between the first top layer and the first bottom layer for receiving a conditioned air flow, and the distribution system further comprises:
at least one air inlet duct structure for interfacing with the opening of one of the spacer panels, the air inlet duct structure comprising,
a first inlet extension having a first impermeable layer with a first duct spacer structure disposed therein,
an internal inlet extension having a second impermeable layer with a second duct spacer structure disposed therein, and
wherein the first inlet extension and the internal inlet extension are configured to form a conduit for air flow and to be partially rigid thereby enabling at least a portion of the at least one air inlet duct structure to bend.

16. The distribution system in accordance with claim 14 wherein the second top layer of the mattress overlay layer extends substantially a length of the mattress, and the second top layer comprises:
a top layer of semi-permeable fabric;
a middle layer of insulation material; and
an intermediate bottom layer.

17. The distribution system in accordance with claim 14 wherein the first top layer of each spacer panel is impermeable and a partial layer that extends along an end portion of the mattress overlay layer.

18. The distribution system in accordance with claim 14 wherein the first opening and the second opening are about 2 to 15 inches in length.

19. The distribution system in accordance with claim 14 wherein at least one of the spacer panels includes an opening between the first top layer and the first bottom layer for receiving a conditioned air flow.

20. The distribution system in accordance with claim 19 wherein the opening in the spacer panel between the first top layer and the first bottom layer for receiving a conditioned air flow has a width in a range of between about 2 to 15 inches.

21. The distribution system in accordance with claim 14 wherein the spacer structure includes at least two channels enabling conditioned air to flow along a first longitudinal path down a length of the spacer structure and along a second path diagonally from the first longitudinal path.

22. The distribution system in accordance with claim 14 further comprising:
a first air inlet duct structure having a rectangular cross sectional shape and configured to receive the conditioned air flow from the air conditioning system and convey the conditioned air through the first opening; and
a second air inlet duct structure having a rectangular cross sectional shape and configured to receive the conditioned air flow from the air conditioning system and convey the conditioned air through the second opening.