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87–839PDF 2014

INTERNATIONAL MEGAN’S LAW TO PREVENT DEMAND FOR

CHILD SEX TRAFFICKING; VENEZUELAN HUMAN RIGHTS AND

DEMOCRACY PROTECTION ACT; AND CONDEMNING THE

ABDUCTION OF FEMALE STUDENTS BY ARMED MILITANTS

FROM THE TERRORIST GROUP KNOWN AS BOKO HARAM

IN NORTHEASTERN PROVINCES OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC

OF NIGERIA

MARKUP

BEFORE THE

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

ON

H.R. 4573, H.R. 4587 and H. Res. 573

MAY 9, 2014

Serial No. 113–166

Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs

(

Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/ or

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/

(II)

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

EDWARD R. ROYCE, California, Chairman 

CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey 

ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida 

DANA ROHRABACHER, California 

STEVE CHABOT, Ohio 

JOE WILSON, South Carolina 

MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas 

TED POE, Texas 

MATT SALMON, Arizona 

TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania 

JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina 

ADAM KINZINGER, Illinois 

MO BROOKS, Alabama 

TOM COTTON, Arkansas 

PAUL COOK, California 

GEORGE HOLDING, North Carolina 

RANDY K. WEBER SR., Texas 

SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania 

STEVE STOCKMAN, Texas 

RON DESANTIS, Florida 

DOUG COLLINS, Georgia 

MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina 

TED S. YOHO, Florida 

LUKE MESSER, Indiana 

ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York 

ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American 

Samoa 

BRAD SHERMAN, California 

GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York 

ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey 

GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia 

THEODORE E. DEUTCH, Florida 

BRIAN HIGGINS, New York 

KAREN BASS, California 

WILLIAM KEATING, Massachusetts 

DAVID CICILLINE, Rhode Island 

ALAN GRAYSON, Florida 

JUAN VARGAS, California 

BRADLEY S. SCHNEIDER, Illinois 

JOSEPH P. KENNEDY III, Massachusetts 

AMI BERA, California 

ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California 

GRACE MENG, New York 

LOIS FRANKEL, Florida 

TULSI GABBARD, Hawaii 

JOAQUIN CASTRO, Texas

AMY PORTER, Chief of Staff THOMAS SHEEHY, Staff Director

JASON STEINBAUM, Democratic Staff Director 

(III)

C O N T E N T S 

Page

MARKUP OF 

H.R. 4573, To protect children from exploitation, especially sex trafficking 

in tourism, by providing advance notice of intended travel by registered 

child-sex offenders outside the United States to the government of the 

country of destination, requesting foreign governments to notify the United 

States when a known child-sex offender is seeking to enter the United 

States, and for other purposes ............................................................................ 2

Amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 4573 offered by the 

Honorable Christopher H. Smith, a Representative in Congress from 

the State of New Jersey ................................................................................... 17

H.R. 4587, To impose targeted sanctions on individuals responsible for carrying out or ordering human rights abuses against the citizens of Venezuela, and for other purposes ............................................................................ 30

Amendment to H.R. 4587 offered by the Honorable Matt Salmon, a Representative in Congress from the State of Arizona ........................................ 51

H. Res. 573, Condemning the abduction of female students by armed militants from the terrorist group known as Boko Haram in northeastern 

provinces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria ..................................................... 53

Amendment to H. Res. 573 offered by the Honorable Edward R. Royce, 

a Representative in Congress from the State of California, and chairman, 

Committee on Foreign Affairs ......................................................................... 58

LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD 

APPENDIX 

Markup notice .......................................................................................................... 78

Markup minutes ...................................................................................................... 79

Markup summary .................................................................................................... 81

(1)

INTERNATIONAL MEGAN’S LAW TO PREVENT DEMAND FOR 

CHILD SEX TRAFFICKING; VENEZUELAN HUMAN RIGHTS 

AND DEMOCRACY PROTECTION ACT; AND CONDEMNING 

THE ABDUCTION OF FEMALE STUDENTS BY ARMED MILITANTS FROM THE TERRORIST GROUP KNOWN AS BOKO 

HARAM IN NORTHEASTERN PROVINCES OF THE FEDERAL 

REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA 

FRIDAY, MAY 9, 2014

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS,

Washington, DC. 

The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:14 a.m., in room 

2172, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Ed Royce (chairman of 

the committee) presiding. 

Chairman ROYCE. This committee will come to order. I am going 

to ask all the members if they could take their seats at this time. 

Pursuant to notice, we meet today to mark up three strongly bipartisan measures dealing with pressing humanitarian issues. Because these measures enjoy broad support and because we are looking at a short legislative day, the ranking member and I intend to 

consider them en bloc, as members were previously notified. 

And so, without objection, the following items, which all members have before them, are to be considered read and they will be 

considered en bloc: H.R. 4573, the International Megan’s Law, this 

is authored by Mr. Smith; and the Smith Amendment No. 53, the 

bipartisan amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 4573, 

provided to your offices last night; H.R. 4587, the Venezuela and 

Human Rights and Democracy Promotion Act, authored by Congresswoman Ros-Lehtinen; the Salmon Amendment No. 46 to H.R. 

4587; and the third bill, House Resolution 573, condemning the abduction of female students by Boko Haram, authored by Congresswoman Frederica Wilson; and the Royce Amendment No. 105 to 

House Resolution 573. 

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Chairman ROYCE. So, without objection, all members may have 

5 days to submit statements for the record and any extraneous material on today’s items. And after opening remarks by myself and 

the ranking member, I will be glad to recognize any member seeking recognition to speak on the en bloc items. 

This morning, we are considering Subcommittee Chairman 

Smith’s H.R. 4573. It is the International Megan’s Law to prevent 

demand for child sex trafficking. 

This bill deals with an issue I know all of us want desperately 

to address, the horrendous exploitation of children overseas by 

adults traveling for purposes of engaging in so-called sex tourism. 

Unfortunately, this has become a growing industry in a number of 

countries which are ill-equipped to deal with an influx of child 

predators, including from the United States. 

This bill codifies existing law enforcement efforts to combat child 

sex tourism by establishing the Angel Watch Center within the Department of Homeland Security’s Child Exploitation Investigation 

Center. 

The Angel Watch Center currently operates by combing through 

massive amounts of data from multiple agency sources to analyze 

foreign travel by convicted child sex offenders and determine 

whether notification to U.S. officials or foreign governments is warranted. 

This bill improves vastly the speed of the information that the 

center receives and the staffing at the center. Right now, there is 

one lady doing this, and it is often after the fact. This rectifies this, 

and it will allow the center to better detect and report the travel 

of child predators so that that is prevented. 

It also requires the center to maintain records of its work so that 

we have more information about how other countries are combating 

child sex tourism. 

Listen, I think all of us here who have worked with Congressman 

Smith over the years know we all owe him a debt of gratitude for 

his heartfelt commitment to this issue. And I want to thank him 

for his leadership and a longstanding dedication that I think has 

surpassed what anybody else has ever put into trying to track and 

do something about this issue. 

And I would note that there was very close collaboration with the 

Judiciary’s majority and minority on this bill. And Ranking Member Engel and I look forward to working with our colleagues on this 

committee and the Judiciary Committee as we move forward to ensure that the bill’s notification provisions are effective and satisfactory. 

Now, we also consider House Resolution 573 on the recent Boko 

Haram abductions. This Sunday is Mother’s Day, but for hundreds 

of mothers in Nigeria this will be another day of horrendous grief. 

Their daughters are missing, kidnapped from school by an Islamist 

terrorist group. This resolution puts the committee firmly on record 

in condemning this atrocious abduction of nearly 300 schoolgirls. 

Many around the world are just learning of the evil of Boko 

Haram. Unfortunately for the communities in northern Nigeria, 

the terror there has existed for years. Sadly, Boko Haram lives up 

to its name. That name, translated loosely, is ‘‘Western education 

is a sin.’’ They have killed more than 600 students and teachers. 

61

They have destroyed some 500 schools. They have denied more 

than 15,000 young Nigerians an education. They have killed many 

other people, as well, but their focus has been on killing teachers 

and going after students and killing students or abducting them. 

Despite knowing the dangers, these young women were committed—they were all committed to their education, and they took 

that risk of trying to go to school. 

Boko Haram has been a focus of this committee, for which Subcommittee Chairman Smith and Ranking Member Bass deserve 

credit. Members will recall that it was pressure from this committee that was critical in convincing the State Department—forcing the State Department to designate Boko Haram as a terrorist 

organization; a foreign terrorist organization is the designation 

today. Indeed, the administration made that announcement in this 

room, under pressure from the members of this committee, and it 

should not have taken so long. 

Commanders at the Pentagon have stated that Boko Haram is ‘‘a 

threat to Western interests and one of the highest counterterrorism 

priorities in Africa.’’ That is especially the case given Nigeria’s position as the continent’s most populous country and the largest economy in Africa. 

This resolution reaffirms our support for the assistance that the 

administration has offered to help the Nigerians find these girls, 

but more needs to be done. I am pleased that we are considering 

an amendment I have authored and the ranking member supports 

to encourage more aggressive assistance. It is clear the Nigerian 

forces are struggling in this fight. Direct U.S. security assistance, 

intelligence, and advisors in the field can make a big difference in 

rescuing these girls and combating this threat. 

Years ago, a key military assist from the British was key in ridding Sierra Leone of a rebel insurrection—if you remember, the 

Revolutionary United Front and the amputations of children that 

they used to conduct. More recently, French efforts in Mali have 

been key to combating that al-Qaeda threat there. 

Historically, the Nigerians have been reluctant to receive such 

outside aid. Luckily, that seems to be changing. We should be 

pushing on the Nigerian Government to accept as much help as 

they can to save these young women now and to eliminate the 

Boko Haram threat soon. This resolution is part of that push. 

And, lastly, we are also advancing H.R. 4587, to impose targeted 

sanctions on Venezuela’s human rights abusers. 

Since February, thousands of student activists have taken to 

Venezuela’s streets to highlight rampant crime and lawlessness. 

These peaceful protests have grown in size and frequency, and the 

response from the government, what has that been? President 

Maduro, who was Hugo Chavez’s hand picked successor, has unleashed a heavy-handed and violent response that has resulted in 

many senseless deaths, countless casualties, and the jailing of 

thousands, including many senior opposition leaders. 

In fact, a new human rights report released this week found a 

‘‘pattern of serious abuse carried out repeatedly by multiple security forces in multiple locations.’’ And just yesterday, we learned of 

fresh reports of hundreds of more students being rounded up and 

tossed in jail. 

62

This legislation imposes targeted sanctions on those individuals 

who have carried out human rights abuses or who ordered the violence against those peaceful protesters. 

While the Obama administration has been supporting political 

talks in Caracas, there unfortunately has been little progress there. 

If the Maduro government is to agree to true reforms to reverse the 

dissent, its leaders must feel the pressure. Targeting those officials 

who have directed this repression is a good place to start. 

Chairman Emeritus Ros-Lehtinen should be recognized for her 

efforts on this legislation. And I appreciate her and Chairman 

Salmon working in a bipartisan way with the Democratic members, 

Mr. Sires and other members here on this committee. 

I will now recognize our ranking member, Mr. Engel of New 

York, for his remarks. 

Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for holding today’s markup on these important pieces of legislation and, as 

usual, for working with us in such a bipartisan manner. 

Firstly, I would like to commend our colleague, Mr. Chris Smith 

of New Jersey, for his leadership on anti-trafficking issues and for 

his hard work on H.R. 4573. There were a lot of negotiations going 

on with this bill, and Mr. Smith was of one purpose, wanting to 

have an effective law to combat child trafficking, and was willing 

to make the necessary compromises to truly receive bipartisan support for this bill. And so I commend him for his tenacity, his sincerity, and for his hard work. 

This legislation, called International Megan’s Law, aims to prevent child sex offenders and traffickers from exploiting vulnerable 

children when they cross an international border. 

The reality is that some sex offenders are traveling overseas to 

exploit children in a practice known as sex tourism. In some of 

these countries, extreme poverty and inadequate law enforcement 

protocols enable sex offenders to continue their victimization of 

children, often unbeknownst to the local government or with local 

law enforcement turning a blind eye. 

International Megan’s Law establishes an Angel Watch Center 

within Immigration and Customs Enforcement that would provide 

advance notice to foreign countries when a convicted child sex offender travels to that country. The bill also calls on the President 

to negotiate memoranda of understanding or other bilateral agreements with foreign governments that would encourage informationsharing on known child sex offenders. 

Worldwide, it is reported that over 2 million children are sexually exploited each year through trafficking, prostitution, and child 

sex tourism—2 million children. That is just staggering. We need 

to do all we can to encourage the international community to address this scourge. 

Mr. Chairman, I would like to thank you for working with us to 

move this important legislation forward. I also want to thank the 

Judiciary Committee for working with us in a bipartisan manner 

to come up with a practical and effective mechanism which will 

serve the twin goals of deterrence and prevention. 

I understand that there is one outstanding provision in the Judiciary Committee’s jurisdiction regarding actual notice that will be 

worked out in good faith prior to floor consideration. 

63

Next, I would like to thank my good friend, Ms. Ros-Lehtinen, for 

authoring the Venezuelan Human Rights and Democracy Protection Act. I have been privileged to work with her on this important 

legislation. 

It is very important. The eyes of the world are on Venezuela, as 

President Nicholas Maduro and his security forces crack down on 

peaceful protesters. It is an absolute tragedy that 41 people have 

been killed and over 100 injured in protests throughout the country. 

You know, I just came back from Ukraine with the chairman, 

and what is going on in Venezuela reminds me a lot of what was 

going on in Ukraine with the protests. 

I am grateful for President Obama and Secretary Kerry’s strong 

statements condemning the Maduro government’s reprehensible actions. At the same time, I am disappointed by the silence of OAS 

member-states, many of which suffered repression at the hands of 

their own governments in the not-so-distant past. 

And while I am pleased that negotiations are under way between 

the Maduro government and segments of the opposition, I am concerned that not enough progress has been made. 

This bill has been crafted to impose targeted sanctions on human 

rights violators in Venezuela while not harming average Venezuelans, who are already suffering as a result of terrible economic 

mismanagement, first by Hugo Chavez and now Maduro. 

I hope that this committee and the House leadership will work 

closely with the State Department in determining when it is appropriate for this bill to be considered by the House of Representatives. When we return to Washington the week of May 19th, I believe we should assess the state of negotiations between the Venezuelan Government and opposition and the situation on the 

ground in Venezuela before deciding whether to bring this bill before the full House. 

Again, I thank Ms. Ros-Lehtinen and Chairman Royce for their 

leadership on this important legislation, and I urge my colleagues 

to support its approval by the committee. 

Finally, I strongly support H. Res. 573, a resolution offered by 

our former committee colleague, Ms. Frederica Wilson of Florida. 

This important resolution condemns the abduction of more than 

200 schoolgirls in northern Nigeria by the terrorist group Boko 

Haram, an act so heinous that it has even been criticized by some 

supporters of al-Qaeda. 

This is only the latest in a long string of grizzly and heartless 

attacks by Boko Haram, which has burned schools and killed students, attacked churches and mosques, murdered Christian and 

Muslim religious leaders, and set off bombs in the capital city of 

Abuja. 

H. Res. 573 strongly condemns the abduction of the girls and 

supports U.S. and international efforts to assist in their recovery. 

While I hope these efforts are successful, we must also recognize 

that Nigeria’s approach to countering terrorism has not been very 

effective. There is extensive reporting on human rights abuses committed by the Nigerian military, which compound the fear experienced by citizens of the north and alienate the very community 

that could be providing valuable intelligence on Boko Haram. 

64

I hope the Nigerian Government will see this kidnapping as a 

wake-up call to reevaluate their counterterrorism strategy and that 

we can work with them to share expertise on civil and military relations and development for the long-neglected northern region of 

the country. 

In closing, I would like to again thank Chairman Royce and our 

colleagues on both sides of the aisle for working in a bipartisan 

way on these important pieces of legislation. 

Chairman ROYCE. Thank you, Mr. Engel. 

Do any members seek recognition to speak on any of the en bloc 

items? 

Congresswoman Ros-Lehtinen? 

Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Thank you so much, Mr. Chairman. And 

thank you to our ranking member, Eliot Engel, for working with 

my office and Mr. Salmon’s office and Mr. Sires to bring up this 

bill on the Venezuela situation to mark up this morning. 

I would like to recognize the many Venezuelan-Americans who 

have made a long trip from New York, Michigan, Ohio, Florida, to 

be here and to witness this day. And I would like to point out in 

the audience Maria Conchita Alonso, who is a wonderful actress. 

I loved her role in ‘‘Moscow on the Hudson’’ with Robin Williams. 

It is good to see her. 

Thank you all for being here. 

For 3 months now, as both of the gentlemen have explained, the 

Maduro regime in Venezuela has committed grave human rights 

violations as it seeks to muzzle the students who are peaceful. And 

they have been marching with a clear call; they are calling for the 

respect for human rights and democracy to really take hold in their 

nation. So far, there have been over 40 people killed, nearly 60 reported cases of torture, more than 2,000 people unjustly detained, 

hundreds more injured. 

And let’s look at what has happened just this week, Mr. Chairman and members. Just this week, 250 teenage protesters who had 

camped out in public squares to protest were rounded up at 3 

o’clock in the morning yesterday. Also just this week, the Venezuelan intelligence agency picked up and has put in detention 

Rodrigo Diamanti, the leader of an NGO called Un Mundo Sin 

Mordaza, A World Without the Muzzle. 

Censorship continues. This week, another prominent independent radio program was pulled off the airwaves. This week, 

newspapers like El Universal are saying that they have about 2 

weeks left of newsprint. Maduro has restricted newsprint coming 

into the country. The government has put many challenges in their 

way to provide information to the people of Venezuela. 

And, lastly, opposition leader Leopoldo Lopez was supposed to 

have his day in court yesterday, and all of a sudden his hearing 

was simply postponed without reason, without discussion, without 

explanation, simply canceled. 

All of this happened just this week. 

But even with all of this repression, Mr. Chairman, the students 

and the student unions on several campuses in Venezuela continue 

to show bravery and courage in standing up for democracy and for 

freedom of expression. That is all they are asking. 

65

Now, Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member, and members, some opponents of this legislation have claimed that we must give peace 

a chance, regarding the UNASUR talks. And just two notes about 

that. 

First of all, the violence is only on the government’s side. The 

students are not the violent ones. Why create the violence and then 

say we have to have a dialogue for peace? Here is a solution for 

peace: Stop shooting the students. 

Also, the UNASUR team members are not honest brokers. They 

are in the pockets of Maduro, they are followers of Maduro. So how 

can you have any real discussion taking place there? 

And after several rounds of so-called negotiations, the talks have 

yielded no results. And it is not the U.S. that is derailing the process. Venezuelan leader Maduro and his goons are the ones that are 

derailing the process, because they have the weapons, and their allies, like the collectivos, are using them against the people, the unarmed, peaceful protesters. 

Other opponents believe that we should wait and see what the 

peace process can resolve. Well, I ask, when is it a good time? How 

many more people have to be innocently killed for the time to be 

right? It will never be right. Maduro is the one who is perpetrating 

the violence. It is simple. 

Another topic I would like to clear up is the authorization of funds in the bill. This is not new money. We already direct $5 million to civil society programs in Venezuela, so the bill just ensures 

that we do not fall below that number and that we do not preclude 

assistance for democracy and human rights issues, which is what 

it should do. 

And, again, I commend our committee. Thank you, Mr. Royce, 

our chairman, for your leadership. Thank you, Mr. Engel and Mr. 

Salmon and Mr. Sires, for shining a light on the atrocities committed in Venezuela. 

I urge my colleagues to support the bill. The Venezuelan people 

are counting on your support. 

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman ROYCE. Other members seeking time? 

Mr. Meeks? 

Mr. MEEKS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

First, let me give a word on and thank Ms. Frederica Wilson for 

her resolution on Boko Haram. 

You know, being the father of three daughters, this is just unbearable. And it is time for the world to unite to make sure that 

those young girls are returned home and that, also, those that committed this heinous act is brought to justice. 

And this bill, this resolution, joins with the rest of the world, the 

focus that should be on this horrendous group that now has killed 

and has these almost 300 young girls and a number of others that 

they have killed, as the chairman indicated in his opening statement. I know of young boys that have been murdered. This resolution is timely, and I highly support it. 

I also thank Mr. Smith, because we do have to—you know, one 

of the most heinous acts is these sex crimes that is going across 

borders and all over our place that we call Earth. It is timely, and 

it is a resolution that I strongly support. 

66

Moving on to H.R. 4587, the Venezuelan Human Rights and Democracy Protection Act. Let me first say that I am deeply troubled 

by the violence that erupted in Venezuela at the onset of protests 

months ago and that I join the people of Venezuela in mourning 

the loss of so many lives. I remain committed to doing everything 

in my power to support a positive outcome in that nation for its 

people. 

However, I strongly oppose H.R. 4587, and I believe vehemently 

that unilateral action is not the answer. This bill does not advance 

U.S. interests, it will not help the people of Venezuela, and it sends 

the message to our regional allies that we don’t care much about 

what they think. 

Moreover, the Obama administration has the authority to do 

what this bill calls for and has shown its willingness to use its authority. So, then, what is our objective? Is this intended to push 

Venezuela to the brink? What would that do for the Venezuelan 

people? 

I have had the opportunity to speak with most of our major allies 

in the region and all of Venezuela’s neighbors, who are our allies, 

and I have yet to hear any support for sanctions. But there is 

strong support for multilateral engagement. Our allies do not want 

to see the situation in Venezuela worsen. 

The unilateral sanctions bill we are considering this morning is 

misguided. It is, in fact, an unfortunate reminder of the history of 

the United States’ arrogance in the Western Hemisphere. We have 

a legacy in the Americas that is riddled with the long-lasting consequences. That legacy left us with a trust deficit. Today, we are 

considering a bill that does nothing to help build trust. Our standing in our own hemisphere will never improve unless or until we 

build that trust. 

While we pursue these sanctions, our allies are actively supporting dialogue. Members of this very committee have made it a 

point to denounce and even condemn regional organizations, yet, 

one of those organizations has managed to be the facilitator of engagement between some in the opposition and the Government of 

Venezuela. We don’t know yet if the UNASUR’s mediation will lead 

to effective dialogue, but the effort does deserve a chance to succeed. It is my sincere hope that those talks are successful, but at 

moments like this, I wonder if we prefer that dialogue fails. 

Unilateral sanctions would be another policy mistake, I believe 

a very costly policy mistake. We must learn to work with our allies 

and individuals in the region and work collectively on this hemisphere and not be unilateral actors which further isolates us and 

causes us to have problems with our allies. 

And I yield back the balance of my time. 

Mr. ROYCE. We go now to Mr. Chris Smith. 

Mr. SMITH. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. 

I want to thank you, Chairman Royce, for not only scheduling 

this, but being so supportive and our staff. You know, we had 12 

staffers working on this, both sides of the aisle, 3 committees, 

Homeland Security and Judiciary and, of course, our own Foreign 

Affairs staff. So I want to thank you. And the best legislative counsel on the Hill, Mark Synnes, did a wonderful job, did multiple, 

multiple rewrites, and I want to thank him, as well. 

67

This truly is a bipartisan bill. And to remind some members who 

may have not have been here years ago, we did pass the International Megan’s Law back in 2010, and, like so many of our initiatives, it died in the Senate and never even got a vote. So hopefully 

this one will speed to passage over in the other body. 

You know, the idea actually came from a meeting that I had with 

members of the TIP, Trafficking in Persons, from Thailand back in 

2007. As I often do, I meet with people as they are traveling in particularly countries that are on watch lists or Tier 3, and I ask 

them, if you knew that a convicted pedophile, a felon, was coming 

to Bangkok or Phuket or anywhere else in Thailand, what would 

you do? They said, they wouldn’t get a visa, and if they got in, we 

would watch them like a hawk. That afternoon, we began putting 

a framework together for an International Megan’s Law. 

I would note parenthetically that Megan Kanka, the precious little 7-year-old who was brutally killed by a pedophile who lived 

across the street from her—nobody knew this man had been convicted, had spent time in prison for sexually abusing children—he 

lured this little 7-year-old, Megan Kanka, into his home, brutally 

raped her, and then killed her. And that led to the explosion; now 

all 50 States and all the territories have a Megan’s Law, a registry 

that has made a serious difference in preventing the impunity and 

the secrecy with which these people operate. 

International Megan’s Law would notice countries of destination, 

stand up the Angel Watch Program. We have worked with ICE and 

others who have done a great job but with extraordinarily limited 

resources. There was a case out in California where they had actionable information of several pedophiles heading to South Korea. 

They noticed South Korea, and they didn’t let them in, so these 

men were unable to abuse little children in Korea. 

The legislation also seeks to establish a reciprocity, not unlike 

what we did with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act back in 

2000. We want Megan’s Law everywhere. There are some places, 

like the UK, that has a Megan’s Law. But we don’t want 

pedophiles coming here—again, convicted, not the allegation, these 

are convicted individuals—to abuse our children. 

There needs to be a watch attitude globally, and that plays into 

one major three P’s of all efforts that we do on trafficking: Prevention, prosecution, and protection. This will prevent. This could have 

a serious chilling effect on all of this. 

Finally, and I thank my two distinguished colleagues for explaining what is in the bill, so I won’t repeat all of that. But in 2010 

GAO found that in 2008 some 4,500 U.S. passports were issued to 

registered sex offenders. And these men travel, and they travel 

under secrecy, and they abuse little boys and little girls, then come 

back and go back to their jobs, whatever else they do. So this, hopefully, will at least act as a deterrent. 

Finally, just let me say, Mr. Chairman, very, very briefly on the 

issue of Boko Haram, we have had several hearings on Boko 

Haram and have raised repeatedly with the administration and, finally, in November, they actually did it, and that was to designate 

Boko Haram as a Foreign Terrorist Organization. 

Greg Simpkins, our staff director, and I traveled there in September of last year. We went to a place called Jos. Jos is a place 

68

where Boko Haram had fire bombed churches and killed people. 

We met with the people who had been the survivors. And we 

learned, frankly, after meeting with the imam and others, that it 

is not just Christians that they target, they target Muslims as well. 

I had heard that, but we heard it in great detail while he were 

there. 

These people are pathological. They are killers. They are like Joseph Kony. And, Mr. Chairman, you have done so much on trying 

to combat that man, who has killed so many and allowed his people 

to rape so many girls, particularly young girls. 

So this legislation, I think, helps put us all on record to express 

our outrage. It is good, I think, that the administration has deployed a number of people, including the head of AFRICOM, FBI, 

Justice, USAID and the human rights bureau, they are en route as 

we talk and as we meet. 

And hopefully there will be an all-out global effort. The French 

have stepped up, many European countries, the UK. China has 

even signaled their concern about this. So I think, hopefully, those 

girls will be rescued and brought back to their grieving parents. 

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman ROYCE. Thank you, Mr. Smith. 

We go now to Albio Sires of New Jersey. 

Mr. SIRES. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Let me first start by recognizing the hard work of Frederica Wilson from Florida and my colleague from New Jersey, Chris Smith. 

I have known Chris Smith many years, and this is a passion of his. 

And I am very proud of the fact that he represents New Jersey, 

and especially his hard work on sex trafficking. 

And of course, I would be remiss if I didn’t mention my colleague 

from Florida, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen and her hard work that she has 

always, always put forward in efforts like this. 

And, Mr. Chairman, I thank you for holding this markup, for 

holding this markup and authorizing the administration to impose 

targeted sanctions on individuals responsible for ordering and carrying out the unwarranted violence against anti-government demonstrators in Venezuela that began 3 months ago. 

Since the anti-government protests began in February, at least 

41 people have died. Hundreds have been jailed, beaten, and injured at the hands of Venezuela’s Government forces and armed 

supporters as they express their frustration to the deteriorating 

conditions in their country. Just this week, Human Rights Watch 

released a scathing report detailing the oppressive tactics by security forces in pro-government armed groups against demonstrators 

while noting the implicit nature of government prosecutors in and 

judges tolerating abuse and authorizing detentions. 

While Mr. Maduro has engaged in mediation talks with the opposition, such talks have thus far been of little substance. More importantly, however, promising these talks are, they do not exonerate the ruthless acts of violence and human rights abuses that 

have been carried out against the demonstrators. 

This bill, which I proudly support, is a testament that the United 

States will not condone acts of aggression limiting the freedom of 

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ministration with the appropriate tools necessary to act accordingly. 

I thank Chairman Royce, Ranking Member Engel, and Ileana 

Ros-Lehtinen for their leadership and their steadfast efforts in advancing this bill, which I urge my colleagues to support. 

Thank you. 

Chairman ROYCE. Mr. Rohrabacher, are you seeking recognition? 

Mr. ROHRABACHER. Yes, I am. 

Chairman ROYCE. Mr. Rohrabacher of California. 

Mr. ROHRABACHER. I would yield 1 minute of my time to Mr. 

Smith. 

Mr. SMITH. I will only take about 30 seconds. 

I just wanted to make clear to some of our friends on the Democratic side and on the Judiciary Committee, again, they have 

worked very closely with us. But I would commit to working with 

him toward an additional amendment before the bill gets to the 

floor that would alert the child sex offenders when they arrive at 

the airport of Angel Watch’s notification action, so they are fully 

apprised about what has happened regarding them. So that would 

be something we would do.

Mr. ROHRABACHER. Thank you. Yes. 

I would like to rise in support of this amendment. All three of 

them are fine examples of legislation based on those moral values 

that guide all of us here, and that we are so proud of that America 

officially stands behind. 

Especially, I would like to thank Ms. Ros-Lehtinen for her leadership in providing us a vision of what goes on in Venezuela and 

Cuba and other countries where we have such repression. 

President Maduro is obviously synonymous with repression, corruption, the impoverishment of his people, cronyism, brutality, and, 

yes, even murder. And we join today, we join the people of Venezuela, in demanding a respect for human rights and, yes, demanding them—demanding with them free and fair elections to try to 

make sure that this malady that they suffer will be removed from 

them. 

I commend you very much and commend my colleagues for supporting this legislation which will hold accountable people who are 

committing crimes against their own people, and in this case, in 

Venezuela. 

I would hope that we all are committed to those principles. But 

we use this as a vehicle, number one, holding those who are committing the crimes accountable. But also reaffirming that human 

rights and the democratic process unite the people of the world. 

And how this issue should be solved eventually will be a democratic election in which we enjoin the people of Venezuela to help 

them ensure that, as we did in OSCE and various elections in Europe, ensure that there is a democratic and free and honest process 

for people to choose their own government, which is, of course, the 

basis of what we believe as Americans. 

Thank you very much, Ms. Ros-Lehtinen. 

Chairman ROYCE. We go now to Mr. Ted Deutch from Florida. 

Mr. DEUTCH. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And thank you very 

much for holding today’s markup. 

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I also would like to commend Mr. Smith for his important legislation combating sex trafficking. Would like to commend Ms. Wilson for her resolution that aims to take on the tough issue of the 

abductions of these female students by Boko Haram, which is a terrorist organization. Any time we have an opportunity to stand up 

against terror and stand up in support of children’s rights, we 

should do it. 

But I really want to thank my friend and colleague, the chairman emeritus, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, for her work in moving the 

Venezuela Human Rights and Democratic Protection Act forward 

and for doing it swiftly and for being such an important voice for 

the people of Venezuela. 

I am proud to be an original cosponsor of this legislation. This 

bill will empower the administration with tools to crack down on 

egregious human rights abuses taking place against those seeking 

basic freedoms in Venezuela. People in Venezuela have the democratic right to freedom of speech, the democratic right to freedom 

of assembly, the democratic right to due process, and the Democratic right to a responsive government. Tragically, the Maduro regime has trampled over each of these rights in what was recently 

deemed a pattern of serious abuses. 

This government has continued its repressive policies. Journalists are censored, imprisoned; opposition politicians are intimidated 

and arrested; and protesters are subjected to serious abuses, torture, and even death. And for what? Simply because the people of 

Venezuela are demanding greater security in a country with the 

fifth highest murder rate, where 2,500 people were murdered for 

the first 2 months of 2014? Or is it because people are suffering 

from serious food scarcity and lack of access to basic supplies, since 

Venezuela experienced an inflation rate of 56 percent in 2013? 

These are simple, basic demands from the citizens of a democratic state. The unlawful and unjust use of force cannot be tolerated. There is no justification for the abusive tactics used by the 

security forces against mostly nonviolent, unarmed protesters. It is 

especially alarming that demonstrators are also being targeted by 

pro-government civilian gangs, collectivos, that use aggressive 

crackdown tactics. 

And with the judiciary clearly in the pocket of President Maduro, 

these collectivos and the country’s security forces have been free to 

repeatedly commit human rights abuses with impunity. This behavior exposes the true colors of the Maduro regime. It serves its 

own interests, ignoring the cries of its people. And it will use any 

means to silence dissent and to retain power. 

I strongly support the bill before us today that would impose 

sanctions on individuals that have contributed in any way to the 

violent crackdown. I thank the administration’s strong stance on 

this issue. And I believe this that bill will provide more diplomatic 

tools for the administration to convince Maduro to reach a peaceful 

resolution with the protesters, with the Venezuelan people. 

The voices of the people must be heard. And their fundamental 

freedoms must be protected. We must make clear to President 

Maduro and his cronies that he has got to respect the democratic 

rights of all Venezuelans and protect them from the undue suppression of these rights. 

71

There are a lot of issues that we grapple with around the world 

that all fight for our attention. But human rights matter. They 

matter to us and they matter to us wherever those rights are trampled anywhere in the world. This is not an issue that the Venezuelan people alone care about, that Venezuelan-Americans alone 

care about. This is an issue that if we care about those democratic 

ideals that we like to talk about time and time again in this Congress, then we should all care about it. That is what this bill does. 

I commend my good friend. It is not that long ago that we first 

learned of the SOS Venezuela sign. The people of Venezuela have 

sent us an SOS signal, and today will be the first step in a serious 

way that this Congress will respond. 

Thank you and I yield back. 

Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Salmon of Arizona. 

Mr. SALMON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

I want to thank very much the gentlewoman from Florida for 

doing such a wonderful job and always standing on the side of right 

and freedom and liberty. 

And, Mr. Chairman, I want to thank you very, very much for 

holding this markup. I want to thank the ranking member, Mr. 

Engel, for this truly bipartisan effort. And for those that are watching this hearing out in America and across the world, this is the 

most bipartisan committee I think that exists in the entire Congress. And it is such a tribute, I think, not just to the chairman, 

but to the ranking member and all the members of this panel that 

have realized that one of the things we try to do is enact that 

adage that partisanship ends at the water’s edge. And when we are 

fighting for America, we are fighting for the principles that we believe in. We are fighting for justice and we are fighting for hope 

that we unify. And that is a good thing. 

I hear some say that maybe we could just accomplish what we 

need to with dialogue. Dialogue doesn’t get it done. And that is 

why when it comes to causes of human suffering and basic human 

freedom and human rights, this committee has tried to be very, 

very clear time and time again anywhere on the globe that we 

stand for freedom and we stand for basic human dignity. And I 

think that is a good thing. 

I would like to thank the members on the committee that helped 

me with the technical amendments. Mr. Meadows, Mr. Grayson, 

and Mr. Connolly. I want to thank them for their commitment to 

this truly bipartisan effort. 

And I am really pleased to be an original cosponsor of this piece 

of legislation, which seeks to send an important message, that the 

United States will always stand with those that seek freedom. 

For months, we have seen the Government of Venezuela use violent tactics to crush legitimate student protests and silence opposition, killing up to 41 Venezuelan citizens and improperly detaining 

protesters without due process. And according to Human Rights 

Watch, there are at least 10 reported cases of protester detention 

that could be classified even as torture. And even children have 

been picked up and subjected to invasive and humiliating body 

searches. 

The comprehensive report released this week found compelling 

evidence of serious human rights violations, including torture and 

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cruel, degrading treatment. Citizens shot with rubber bullets, some 

at point blank. I believe that due process rights have been blatantly denied, and the Venezuelan judiciary has been knowingly 

complicit. 

Just yesterday, government thugs and security forces were at it 

again when at 3 o’clock a.m., they invaded several camps and arrested several students assembled for continued peaceful protests 

against the government’s civil and human rights abuses and mismanagement of Venezuela’s floundering economy. 

Mr. Chairman, this violence and repression has gone on way too 

long. And it is happening right here in our own hemisphere. And 

while we see a lot of folks talking about all the different things 

happening in our globe, shouldn’t we be a little bit more cognizant 

of what is happening in our own neighborhood? This is horrendous. 

And if we don’t stand against these atrocities in a big way, a big 

way, then what do we stand for? 

I want to yield back my time. 

Chairman ROYCE. We go now—well, before I go to our next 

speaker, I have heard that the last votes on the floor have been 

moved up. They have moved up to about 11:10. And so we will need 

to move to a final vote before that. 

So let’s see how many speakers we can fit in the next 10 minutes 

or so. But remember all members have leave to put statements in 

the record if you so wish. 

I think we go now to Mr. David Cicilline of Rhode Island. 

Mr. CICILLINE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I want to thank you 

and Ranking Member Engel for your leadership and for continuing 

to lead this committee in a bipartisan manner and for marking up 

these important bills this morning. 

I would like to begin by recognizing the work of chairman emeritus, Congresswoman Ros-Lehtinen, and thank her for her strong 

leadership throughout this ongoing crisis in Venezuela. And today’s 

markup shows that this committee is committed to protecting 

human rights in all regions of the world and doing so in a swift, 

targeted, and effective way. 

The Maduro regime has engaged in pervasive, hideous human 

rights violations, and we must add our voices loudly in condemning 

this and do all that we can to impose costs for those responsible 

as the best way really to end these practices. 

And I really just want to thank my colleague for her great work 

and for her leadership. 

As a member of the African Subcommittee, I would also like to 

thank the committee for scheduling a vote on H. Res. 573 in a 

timely manner, acknowledging extraordinary leadership of Frederica Wilson, my colleague from Florida, and our Ranking Member 

Karen Bass, in moving forward with this resolution. 

Abducting innocent young girls and forcing children into marriage or slavery is unconscionable, and no child in any part of the 

world should live in fear of that kind of treatment. We have to send 

a strong message to Boko Haram that these heinous acts and their 

other terrorist activities are unacceptable, and we must be united 

in strongly condemning them in the strongest terms. 

In addition, I want to end by thanking my colleague Congressman Smith for the legislation which is before us today. As we all 

73

agree, subjecting children to the kind of inhumane, unconscionable, 

and unforgivable consequences of sexual exploitation is an issue of 

great concern to this entire committee, but something Mr. Smith 

has really led on for many, many years. And I applaud him for that 

effort and applaud him for this legislation today, which will help 

to protect presumably thousands, and maybe even millions of children all over the world from this kind of violence. 

And I thank you again, Mr. Chairman and the ranking member, 

for bringing these three bills to the committee and look forward to 

supporting all three. And I yield back. 

Chairman ROYCE. Thank you, Mr. Cicilline. 

We are going to go first to Congressman Steven Stockman of 

Texas and then Congresswoman Karen Bass of California. 

Mr. STOCKMAN. Mr. Chairman, I know we are getting ready to 

vote, so I just want to say something quickly. 

Venezuela is a nation that has an abundance of oil. And also had 

an abundance of middle class. And under this socialist policy, they 

have destroyed the middle class and destroyed a nation. They can’t 

even get toilet paper now, they have a shortage of toilet paper, let 

alone newspaper print. And we are getting blamed up here in the 

United States for making it happen. That’s nonsense. 

I think we need to take action. We don’t need any more talk. 

They have had enough talk. The people are suffering. We need to 

take action. And I’m sorry for my colleagues’ viewpoint and disappointed in that viewpoint. But I feel the pain in Venezuela. It 

is wrong what is happening to those people, and we need to stand 

up and be vocal about it and not be silent. So I am glad this committee is doing this. And I appreciate the chairman’s action. 

Also on our friends that are in Nigeria, people forget they locked, 

before the kidnapping, they locked young children in a building and 

burned them to death. This is something we need to take action. 

If anybody has a heart, look around the world. United States is a 

leader. I am tired of leading from behind. 

I yield back. 

Mr. ROYCE. We are going to go to Karen Bass of California. 

Ms. BASS. Thank you very much, Mr. Chair and Ranking Member Engel. Thank you always, just as my colleague just mentioned, 

for such a bipartisan way that you conduct this committee. 

I do want to say that I have a lot of concern about what is going 

on in Venezuela. But I am concerned that we might be acting a bit 

prematurely, especially since the administration has said that this 

might be a little premature, as well as other countries in Latin 

America. But I want to acknowledge the continued and tireless 

work in Chairmen Royce and Smith in combating human trafficking around the world. 

I have had the great privilege to work with both of them on this 

issue, and the bill before us today is just one example of the work 

that can be done to protect people around the world from trafficking and sexual assault. I look forward to continuing to work 

with all of my colleagues on this important issue. 

Secondly, I want to thank the chairman and ranking member as 

well as Chairman Smith and Ros-Lehtinen, and my good friend 

Frederica Wilson for all of their hard work on the important bill 

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tants from the terrorist group Boko Haram. And as was mentioned 

by the previous speaker, we know that the kidnapping of the girls 

has been heinous. However, we also know that Boko Haram has 

been slaughtering male students and conducting suicide bombings 

in the Nigerian capital of Abuja as well as many other parts of 

northern Nigeria. 

It is imperative that the U.S. Congress condemns Boko Haram 

and its violent acts in the strongest terms and supports the people 

of Nigeria and the parents of the abducted girls with calls for their 

immediate return. It is my hope that this legislation will lay the 

groundwork to not only bring back the kidnapped girls, but also, 

if anything can come out of this tragedy, it is my hope that this 

begins to mark the end of Boko Haram, now that the rest of the 

world is aware of their terror. 

Thank you very much. I yield back the balance of my time. 

Chairman ROYCE. We are going now to Randy Weber of Texas, 

followed by Joaquin Castro of Texas. 

Mr. WEBER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am disappointed to 

hear that there is reluctance on some of our colleagues’ part to take 

the lead on this and act unilaterally. You know, sometimes when 

you wanted to lead the orchestra, you have to turn your back on 

the crowd. 

We should take the lead on this and step out and do the right 

thing and denounce this and make sure that this is condemned everywhere we see it. And I commend the chair and I commend you 

all for bringing this up and I fully support it. Thank you. 

Chairman ROYCE. Mr. Castro. 

Mr. CASTRO. Thank you, Chairman, and thank you to all my colleagues who worked on these three resolutions. 

With respect to the Venezuela resolution, thank you, Congresswoman Ros-Lehtinen, for your work. You know, the United States, 

one of our jobs around the world is to make sure that we stand for 

democracy and for human rights. And that is without regard to 

what kind of political leaders are perpetrating human rights 

abuses, whether it is fascist dictator or a Communist leader, we 

have got to stand up to them. 

And too often, we have not attended enough to issues in Latin 

America. There are things that happen in Latin America that, if 

they happened in another part of the world, we would jump on 

them more quickly. So I think this is, quite frankly, long overdue. 

And I do think that there is merit to the concern that Mr. Meeks 

raised that there is a process, in other words, this is a more aggressive step that usually we have done—we have done—in other parts 

of the world, we would have done other things first. But the fact 

is now this has gone on for months. And so we must act swiftly at 

this point. 

And I want to say, particularly with respect to Latin America, 

first, we realize that each of these countries is unique and different. But we also can’t overlook that the history of the region and 

the fact that in the 1970s and ’80s you had leaders who disappeared thousands and thousands of people throughout Latin 

America. And we can never let that happen again. 

So we have to be swift in condemning it and making sure that 

they know that the United States will take real action. 

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With respect to the resolution that Mr. Smith put forward on sex 

trafficking and sexual tourism, thank you, Mr. Smith, for your 

work on that. The one, I guess, thing that I would suggest is that 

on the Angel Watch Center on the leadership that we include 

somebody from the Justice Department, if we could. That we include someone from the Justice Department on that Angel Watch 

Center. Right now, it is ICE. And I think border patrol. That would 

be my one suggestion. If we could work with you on that. 

Thank you all very much. 

Chairman ROYCE. So duly noted. 

Ted Yoho of Florida. 

Mr. YOHO. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I am in agreement 

with all these on H.R. 4587, support for Venezuela. As some of the 

members have mentioned that we are acting too fast, I want to remind them that this is not something that happened overnight. 

This has been a 15-year process when Hugo Chavez stepped in. 

And it is time to act. 

H.R. 4573, protect children from exploitation. Strong support of 

that. 

H.R. 573. This is a time to stand up to the Boko Haram in renouncing what they have done. 

And I think these are all important bills. And they can be 

summed up best by what Martin Luther King said, ‘‘Injustice anywhere is injustice everywhere.’’

And I would like to add to that that tolerance of injustice anywhere would be tolerance of injustice anywhere, or everywhere. 

And this is a time for us to act, and I am proud to be on this committee. And that is all I have to say, and I yield back. 

Chairman ROYCE. Any other members seeking to be recognized? 

If not, hearing no other speakers or no requests, the question occurs on the items considered en bloc. 

All in favor, say aye. Aye. 

All those opposed, no. 

In the opinion of the chair, the ayes have it. And the measures 

considered en bloc, H.R. 4573, H.R. 4587, and House Resolution 

573, are agreed to as amended. And without objection, each of the 

measures as amended is ordered favorably reported as a single 

amendment in the nature of a substitute. 

Staff is directed to make any technical and conforming changes. 

And that concludes our business for today. I want to thank Ranking Member Engel and all of our committee members for their contributions and assistance in this markup. 

The committee is adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 11:09 a.m., the committee was adjourned.] 

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