VOLUME I: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-I-1 

VOLUME I: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

VOLUME I

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ABS-1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................i

CHAPTER 1: PURPOSE AND NEED

Introduction......................................................................................................... 1-1

Purpose and Need for Revision of the RMPs...................................................... 1-2

Planning Process ................................................................................................. 1-3

Miles City Planning Area.................................................................................... 1-3

Scoping and Issues.............................................................................................. 1-3

Management Concerns........................................................................................ 1-7

Issues Considered but not Analyzed Further..................................................... 1-13

Planning Criteria ............................................................................................... 1-14

Laws.................................................................................................................. 1-16

Related Plans..................................................................................................... 1-19

Policy ................................................................................................................ 1-23

Collaboration..................................................................................................... 1-24

CHAPTER 2: ALTERNATIVES

Introduction......................................................................................................... 2-1

Management Goals and Objectives..................................................................... 2-1

Management Common to all Alternatives........................................................... 2-1

Development of Alternatives .............................................................................. 2-2

Alternatives Considered in Detail ....................................................................... 2-2

Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Analysis........................ 2-6

Monitoring and Evaluation Plan ......................................................................... 2-9

Mitigation Guidelines and Best Management Practices...................................... 2-9

How to Read Table 2-1 ..................................................................................... 2-11

How to Read Table 2-2 ..................................................................................... 2-12

Alternatives...................................................................................................... 2-13

Air Resources and Climate............................................................................. 2-13

Soils................................................................................................................ 2-14

Water Resources............................................................................................. 2-15

Vegetation ...................................................................................................... 2-19

Haying, nonnative...................................................... 2-20

Haying, native............................................................ 2-21

Hardwood Draws....................................................... 2-22

Special Status Species Plants..................................... 2-22

Riparian and Wetland Areas...................................... 2-23

Invasive Species......................................................... 2-25

Fish and Wildlife............................................................................................ 2-26

Aquatics..................................................................... 2-27

Terrestrial................................................................... 2-29

Big Game Crucial Winter Range...... 2-30

Sharp-tailed Grouse Leks and Nesting 

Habitat.............................................. 2-30

Colonial Waterbirds ......................... 2-31
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VOLUME I

Bighorn Sheep Range ....................... 2-32

Prairie Falcon ................................... 2-33

Special Status Species................................................ 2-34

Special Status Species Raptors......... 2-35

Piping Plover.................................... 2-36

Interior Least Tern............................ 2-37

Black-footed Ferrets......................... 2-37

Black-tailed Prairie Dogs ................. 2-38

Pallid Sturgeon ................................. 2-39

Sage-grouse ...................................... 2-40

Wildland Fire Management and Ecology....................................................... 2-60

Cultural Resources ......................................................................................... 2-63

Paleontological Resources.............................................................................. 2-67

Visual Resources............................................................................................ 2-69

Facilities......................................................................................................... 2-70

Forestry and Woodland Products ................................................................... 2-71

 Cottonwood Trees........................................................ 2-74

Livestock Grazing .......................................................................................... 2-74

Minerals.......................................................................................................... 2-80

Coal............................................................................ 2-81

Oil, Gas, and Geothermal........................................... 2-81

Proposed Carter Master Leasing Plan

Area .................................................. 2-83

Locatable Minerals..................................................... 2-85

Mineral Materials....................................................... 2-85

Recreation....................................................................................................... 2-86

Special Recreation Permits ........................................ 2-86

Powder River Depot SRMA ...................................... 2-89

Calypso SRMA .......................................................... 2-91

Lewis and Clark Trail SRMA .................................... 2-93

Howrey Island ACEC ................................................ 2-95

Matthews Recreation Area......................................... 2-97

Dean S. Reservoir ...................................................... 2-98

Pumpkin Creek Ranch and Recreation Area............ 2-100

Glendive Short Pine OHV........................................ 2-105

Terry OHV............................................................... 2-108

Strawberry Hill Recreation Area.............................. 2-111

Moorhead Recreation Area ...................................... 2-113

Renewable Energy........................................................................................ 2-116

Transportation .............................................................................................. 2-118

Travel Management and Off-highway Vehicle Use ..................................... 2-118

Lands and Realty.......................................................................................... 2-121

Special Designation Areas............................................................................ 2-125

Ash Creek Divide, Bug Creek, Hell Creek, and Sand 

Arroyo ACECs......................................................... 2-126

Big Sheep Mountain ACEC..................................... 2-129

Hoe ACEC............................................................... 2-133

Jordan Bison Kill ACEC.......................................... 2-135

Powder River Depot ACEC ..................................... 2-138

Seline ACEC............................................................ 2-141

Battle Butte Battlefield ACEC................................. 2-143

Reynolds Battlefield ACEC..................................... 2-148

Finger Buttes ACEC ................................................ 2-152
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VOLUME I

Piping Plover ACEC................................................ 2-155

Smoky Butte ACEC................................................. 2-157

Black-footed Ferret Reintroduction ACEC.............. 2-159

Cedar Creek Battlefield Area................................... 2-161

Flat Creek Paleontological Area .............................. 2-165

Powderville Paleontological Area............................ 2-169

Long Medicine Wheel Area..................................... 2-173

Walstein Area .......................................................... 2-177

Yonkee Area ............................................................ 2-181

Greater Sage-grouse ACEC..................................... 2-185

Back Country Byways.................................................................................. 2-186

National Trails.............................................................................................. 2-186

Wilderness.................................................................................................... 2-187

Social and Economic.................................................................................... 2-187

Environmental Justice.............................................. 2-187

Hazardous Materials and Waste ................................................................... 2-188

Summary Comparison of Impacts by Alternative...................................... 2-190

Air Resources and Climate........................................................................... 2-190

Soils.............................................................................................................. 2-191

Water Resources........................................................................................... 2-192

Vegetation .................................................................................................... 2-194

Riparian and Wetland Areas................................... 2-195

Invasive Species...................................................... 2-197

Fish and Wildlife.......................................................................................... 2-198

Aquatics.................................................................. 2-198

Terrestrial................................................................ 2-198

Wildland Fire Management and Ecology..................................................... 2-201

Cultural Resources ....................................................................................... 2-202

Paleontological Resources............................................................................ 2-203

Forestry and Woodland Products ................................................................. 2-203

Livestock Grazing ........................................................................................ 2-204

Minerals ....................................................................................................... 2-205

Coal......................................................................... 2-205

Oil, Gas, and Geothermal........................................ 2-206

Locatable Minerals ................................................. 2-207

Mineral Materials.................................................... 2-208

Recreation (and Visual Resources, Travel Management and OHV, and Back 

Country Byways) ......................................................................................... 2-208

SRMAs ................................................................... 2-210

Renewable Energy ....................................................................................... 2-210

Lands and Realty.......................................................................................... 2-213

Special Designation Areas ........................................................................... 2-215

Social and Economic.................................................................................... 2-217

CHAPTER 3: AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

Introduction......................................................................................................... 3-1

How to Read this Chapter ................................................................................... 3-1

Air Resources and Climate.................................................................................. 3-2

Soils................................................................................................................... 3-25

Water Resources................................................................................................ 3-29

Vegetation ......................................................................................................... 3-45
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VOLUME I

Riparian and Wetland Areas ...................................... 3-48

Invasive Species......................................................... 3-49

Fish and Wildlife .............................................................................................. 3-51

Aquatics..................................................................... 3-51

Terrestrial................................................................... 3-55

Big Game.......................................... 3-58

Game Birds....................................... 3-61

Non-game Wildlife........................... 3-62

Special Status Species ...................... 3-63

Wildland Fire Management and Ecology.......................................................... 3-84

Cultural Resources ............................................................................................ 3-87

Paleontological Resources............................................................................... 3-105

Visual Resources............................................................................................. 3-108

Lands with Wilderness Characteristics............................................................ 3-111

Facilities.......................................................................................................... 3-112

Forestry and Woodland Products .................................................................... 3-113

Livestock Grazing ........................................................................................... 3-117

Minerals........................................................................................................... 3-121

Geologic Resources ................................................. 3-121

Coal.......................................................................... 3-124

Oil and Gas .............................................................. 3-126

Proposed Carter Master Leasing Plan 

Area ................................................ 3-127

Locatable Minerals................................................... 3-128

Mineral Materials..................................................... 3-129

Recreation ....................................................................................................... 3-130

Special Recreation Management Areas.................... 3-130

Powder River Depot SRMA........... 3-130

Calypso SRMA .............................. 3-131

Lewis and Clark Trail SRMA ........ 3-131

Proposed Special Recreation Management Areas.... 3-131

Dean S. Reservoir .......................... 3-131

Glendive Short Pine OHV Area..... 3-131

Howrey Island................................ 3-132

Matthews Recreation Area............. 3-132

Moorhead Recreation Area ............ 3-132

Pumpkin Creek Ranch and Recreation 

Area................................................ 3-132

Strawberry Hill Recreation Area.... 3-132

Terry OHV Area ............................ 3-132

Special Recreation Permits ...................................... 3-133

Renewable Energy........................................................................................... 3-134

Wind......................................................................... 3-135

Solar......................................................................... 3-136

Transportation ................................................................................................. 3-136

Travel Management and Off-highway Vehicle Use ........................................ 3-137

Lands and Realty............................................................................................. 3-139

Special Designation Areas............................................................................... 3-145

Ash Creek Divide ACEC......................................... 3-145

Battle Butte Battlefield ACEC................................. 3-145

Big Sheep Mountain ACEC..................................... 3-146

Black-footed Ferret Reintroduction ACEC.............. 3-146

Bug Creek ACEC..................................................... 3-146
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VOLUME I

Finger Buttes ACEC................................................ 3-146

Hell Creek ACEC .................................................... 3-147

Hoe ACEC............................................................... 3-147

Howrey Island ACEC .............................................. 3-147

Jordan Bison Kill ACEC.......................................... 3-147

Piping Plover ACEC................................................ 3-147

Powder River Depot ACEC..................................... 3-147

Reynolds Battlefield ACEC..................................... 3-148

Sand Arroyo ACEC ................................................. 3-148

Seline ACEC............................................................ 3-148

Smoky Butte ACEC................................................. 3-148

Back Country Byways..................................................................................... 3-149

National Trails................................................................................................. 3-149

Wild and Scenic Rivers................................................................................... 3-150

Wilderness....................................................................................................... 3-150

Social Conditions............................................................................................ 3-151

Environmental Justice.............................................. 3-158

Tribal Interests......................................................... 3-158

Economic Conditions...................................................................................... 3-159

Hazardous Materials and Waste ...................................................................... 3-164

CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES, SECTION 1

Introduction......................................................................................................... 4-1

Availability of Data and Incomplete Information ............................................... 4-1

Analytical Assumptions ...................................................................................... 4-1

Types of Impacts................................................................................................. 4-2

Air Resources and Climate.................................................................................. 4-4

Soils................................................................................................................... 4-30

Water Resources................................................................................................ 4-49

Vegetation (including Special Status Species – Plants) .................................... 4-86

Riparian and Wetland Areas...................................... 4-93

Invasive Species....................................................... 4-109

Fish and Wildlife ............................................................................................ 4-114

Aquatics................................................................... 4-114

Chapter 4 continues in Volume II (see below)

TABLES AND 

FIGURES

Chapter 1

1-1 Lands in the Planning Area ....................................................................1-4

Chapter 2

2-1 Comparison of Alternatives..................................................................2-13

2-2 Summary Comparison of Impacts by Alternative ..............................2-190

Chapter 3

3-1 Estimated Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions.......................................3-6

3-2 Air Quality Monitoring Stations in the Planning Area or Vicinity.......3-13

3-3 Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards ...............................3-14

3-4

Estimate of Current MCFO Stationary and Oil and Gas Industrial 

Emissions in Tons Per Year .................................................................3-19
VOLUME I: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-I-6 

TABLES AND 

FIGURES

3-5 Federal Class I Areas in or near the Planning Area ..............................3-21

3-6

BLM-administered Soil Acres with Oil and Gas Development Potential in 

the Proposed Carter Master Leasing Plan Area ....................................3-27

3-7 Sensitive Soil Resources in the Planning Area .....................................3-28

3-8 2005 Surface Water Withdrawals in the Planning Area .......................3-31

3-9 Rivers and Streams in the Planning Area by Subbasin.........................3-33

3-10 Size and Summary of Waterbodies in the Planning Area .....................3-35

3-11 2005 Groundwater Withdrawals for Counties in the Planning Area ....3-38

3-12 Groundwater Wells by Total Depth in Eastern Montana......................3-39

3-13 Surface Water Standards for the Tongue River ....................................3-43

3-14 Plant Species of Concern in the Planning Area ....................................3-47

3-15 Riparian Stream Classification for the Planning Area ..........................3-48

3-16 Riparian Stream Functional Rating for the Planning Area ...................3-49

3-17 BLM-administered Riparian Acres with Oil and Gas Development 

Potential in the Proposed Carter Master Leasing Plan Area .................3-49

3-18 Montana Noxious Weed List................................................................3-50

3-19 BLM-administered Fishing Reservoirs in the Planning Area...............3-53

3-20 Big Game Habitat Distribution by Land Ownership in the Planning Area .

..............................................................................................................3-59

3-21 Upland Game Bird Habitat and Distribution by Land Ownership in the 

Planning Area .......................................................................................3-61

3-22

BLM-administered Big Game Crucial Winter Range Acres with Oil and 

Gas Development Potential in the Proposed Carter Master Leasing Plan 

Area .....................................................................................................3-63

3-23

Special Status Wildlife Species Known or Likely to Occur in the Planning 

Area .....................................................................................................3-66

3-24 Fire History by Fire Size Class in the Eastern Montana Zone (1991 to 

2011) ....................................................................................................3-85

3-25 Cultural Sites Currently Allocated to Use ............................................3-99

3-26 General Guidelines for Cultural Resource Use Categories in Relation to 

Evaluation for Inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places 3-104

3-27 Fossil-bearing Rocks and their Acreage on Public Lands in the Planning 

Area ....................................................................................................3-106

3-28 Visual Resource Management Class Objectives ................................3-110

3-29 Forestlands by Geologic or Geographic Area.....................................3-114

3-30 Oil and Gas Lease Sales for the Miles City Field Office (2005 to 2009)

............................................................................................................3-126

3-31 Wind Potential in the Planning Area ..................................................3-135

3-32 Transportation Linear Feature Definitions ........................................3-137

3-33 Estimated Number of Vehicle used Off-highway in Montana (1990 to 

1998)...................................................................................................3-138

3-34 Communication Sites with Plans in the Planning Area ......................3-141

3-35 Land Withdrawals in the Planning Area.............................................3-144

3-36 Areas of Critical Environmental Concern Administered by the Miles 

Field Office.........................................................................................3-145

3-37 Wilderness Study Areas Managed by the Miles City Field Office.....3-151

3-38 Population and Social Characteristics in the Planning Area...............3-154

3-39 Race and Poverty in the Planning Area ..............................................3-155

3-40 Grazing Allotments in the Planning Area...........................................3-160

3-41 Planning Area Livestock Inventory ....................................................3-161

3-42 Federal Mineral Distributions to Counties in the Planning Area........3-162

3-43 Visitor Days in the Planning Area by Activity and Type ...................3-163

3-44 Payments in Lieu of Taxes for Fiscal Year 2011................................3-164

3-45 Potential Hazardous Activities and Exposure Risks...........................3-165
VOLUME I: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-I-7 

TABLES AND 

FIGURES

Chapter 4

4-1

Assumptions for the Analyses (Short- and Long-term Effects to BLMadministered Acres) ...............................................................................4-2

4-2

Estimated Maximum Annual Criteria Pollutant Emissions as a Percentage 

of Existing Emissions ............................................................................4-8

4-3 Near-field NAAQS Modeling Summary for all Alternatives ..............4-10

4-4 Health Effects of Modeled Hazardous Air Pollutants ..........................4-12

4-5

Acute Short-term Hazardous Air Pollutants Modeling Results for all 

Alternatives ..........................................................................................4-12

4-6

Chronic Non-carcinogenic Hazardous Air Pollutant Modeling Results for 

all Alternatives .....................................................................................4-13

4-7

Carcinogenic Hazardous Air Pollutant Modeling Results for all 

Alternatives ..........................................................................................4-13

4-8 BLM Source Emissions under Alternative A .......................................4-18

4-9 BLM Source Greenhouse Gas Emissions under Alternative A............4-22

4-10 BLM Source Emissions under Alternative B .......................................4-22

4-11 BLM Source Greenhouse Gas Emissions under Alternative B ...........4-23

4-12 BLM Source Emissions under Alternative C .......................................4-24

4-13 BLM Source Greenhouse Gas Emissions under Alternative C ............4-24

4-14 BLM Source Emissions under Alternative D .......................................4-25

4-15 BLM Source Greenhouse Gas Emissions under Alternative D............4-25

4-16 BLM Source Emissions under Alternative E........................................4-26

4-17 BLM Source Greenhouse Gas Emissions under Alternative E ............4-26

4-18 BLM-administered Soil Resources Maintained under Management 

Common to all Alternatives..................................................................4-31

4-19 BLM-administered Soil Resources at Risk of Degradation under 

Management Common to all Alternatives............................................4-32

4-20 BLM-administered Soil Resources Conserved under Alternative A....4-35

4-21 BLM-administered Soil Resources Maintained under Alternative A...4-36

4-22 BLM-administered Soil Resources at Risk of Degradation under 

Alternative A........................................................................................4-36

4-23 BLM-administered Soil Resources Maintained under Alternative B...4-38

4-24 BLM-administered Soil Resources Conserved under Alternative B ....4-39

4-25 BLM-administered Soil Resources at Risk of Degradation under 

Alternative B ........................................................................................4-39

4-26 BLM-administered Soil Resources Conserved under Alternative C ....4-40

4-27 BLM-administered Soil Resources Maintained under Alternative C ...4-41

4-28 BLM-administered Soil Resources at Risk of Degradation under 

Alternative C ........................................................................................4-42

4-29 BLM-administered Soil Resources Conserved under Alternative D ...4-43

4-30 BLM-administered Soil Resources at Risk of Degradation under 

Alternative D Management Actions ....................................................4-44

4-31 BLM-administered Soil Resources Conserved under Alternative E ...4-45

4-32 BLM-administered Soil Resources Maintained under Alternative E ...4-46

4-33 BLM-administered Soil Resources at Risk of Degradation under 

Alternative E ........................................................................................4-47

4-34 Water Resources Affected in Recreation or Special Designation Areas on 

BLM-administered Acres under all Alternatives..................................4-51

4-35 Water Resources at Risk of Degradation under Management Common to 

all Alternatives .....................................................................................4-52

4-36 Waterbodies Maintained on BLM-administered Acres under Alternative 

A...........................................................................................................4-58

4-37 Water Resources Affected in Recreation or Special Designation Areas on 
VOLUME I: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-I-8 

TABLES AND 

FIGURES

BLM-administered Acres under Alternative A ....................................4-59

4-38 Estimated Waterbodies Maintained on BLM-administered Acres under 

Alternative B ........................................................................................4-63

4-39 Water Resources Affected in Recreation or Special Designation Areas on 

BLM-administered Acres under Alternative B.....................................4-64

4-40 Estimated Waterbodies Maintained on BLM-administered Acres under 

Alternative C ........................................................................................4-67

4-41

Water Resources Affected in Recreation or Special Designation Areas on 

BLM-administered Areas on BLM-administered Acres under Alternative 

C ...........................................................................................................4-68

4-42 Estimated Waterbodies Maintained on BLM-administered Acres under 

Alternative D ........................................................................................4-72

4-43 Water Resources Affected in Recreation or Special Designation Areas on 

BLM-administered Acres under Alternative D ....................................4-73

4-44 Estimated Waterbodies Maintained on BLM-administered Acres under 

Alternative E.........................................................................................4-77

4-45 Water Resources Affected in Recreation or Special Designation Areas on 

BLM-administered Acres under Alternative E.....................................4-78

4-46 Estimated Waterbodies Maintained on BLM-administered Acres by 

Cumulative Restrictions .......................................................................4-84

TABLES AND 

FIGURES

Chapter 3

3-1 Average Annual Precipitation in Montana (1971 to 2000).....................3-4

3-2

Rate of Long-term Trend Temperature Change and Precipitation Change

................................................................................................................3-8

3-3 Near-term Predicted Temperature Increases...........................................3-9

3-4 Examples of Resource Impacts from Climate Change .........................3-10

3-5 Background Concentration in the Miles City Planning Area 2009 ......3-16

3-6

Haze Trends on the 20 Percent Best and Worst Visibility Days (1996 to 

2006).....................................................................................................3-24

3-7

Mean Monthly Flow and Precipitation versus Electrical Conductivity for 

the Tongue River Near Decker, MT, for 2001 .....................................3-34

3-8

Cumulative Coal Bed Groundwater Production for all Fields in Montana 

within the Powder River Basin.............................................................3-42

3-9 BLM Sage-grouse Management Zones ................................................3-75

3-10 Agricultural Lands in BLM Sage-grouse Management Zones.............3-77

3-11

Linear Fence Density on Public Lands in BLM Sage-grouse Management 

Zones....................................................................................................3-78

3-12 Water Developments on BLM-administered Lands in BLM Sage-grouse 

Management Zones ..............................................................................3-79

3-13

Locations of Producing Wells and Leases, Sage-grouse Range, and 

Mineral Estate in BLM Sage-grouse Management Zones 1 and 2 ......3-80

3-14

Contoured Secondary Roads in BLM Sage-grouse Management Zones ....

..............................................................................................................3-82

3-15

Spatial Extent of Three Human-Footprint-Intensity Classes for the 

Conterminous States in BLM Sage-grouse Management Zones.........3-83

3-16

Historical Bureau of Land Management Studies in the Missouri River 

Basin (Land Classification) ...............................................................3-119

3-17

Stratigraphic Column of the Planning Area Portions of the Powder River 

and Williston Basins..........................................................................3-122
VOLUME I: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-I-9 

TABLES AND 

FIGURES

Chapter 4

4-1

Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from BLM sources in the 

Planning Area .........................................................................................4-7

4-2

Extent of PM10 Content Above PSD Increments During Well 

Construction .........................................................................................4-11

4-3

Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent for all 

Alternatives .........................................................................................4-16

4-4

Long-term Emissions from BLM and Non-BLM Sources in the Planning 

Area under Alternative A ....................................................................4-27

4-5

Long-term Emissions from BLM and Non-BLM Sources in the Planning 

Area under Alternative B .....................................................................4-28

4-6

Long-term Emissions from BLM and Non-BLM Sources in the Planning 

Area under Alternative C .....................................................................4-28

4-7

Long-term Emissions from BLM and Non-BLM Sources in the Planning 

Area under Alternative D .....................................................................4-29

4-8

Long-term Emissions from BLM and Non-BLM Sources in the Planning 

Area under Alternative E......................................................................4-29

VOLUME II

CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES, SECTION 2 (continued from 

Volume I)................................................................................................................................4-130

Fish and Wildlife...............................................................................4-130

Wildland Fire Management and Ecology ..........................................4-177

Prescribed Fire and Fuels Management ..............4-177

Wildland Fire Management ................................4-181

Cultural Resources ............................................................................4-193

Paleontological Resources.................................................................4-204

Visual Resources...............................................................................4-217

Lands with Wilderness Characteristics .............................................4-228

Facilities............................................................................................4-230

Forestry and Woodland Products ......................................................4-231

Livestock Grazing .............................................................................4-243

Minerals.............................................................................................4-254

Coal .....................................................................4-254

Oil, Gas, and Geothermal ....................................4-263

Locatable Minerals..............................................4-276

Mineral Materials................................................4-289

Recreation .........................................................................................4-297

Renewable Energy.............................................................................4-320

Transportation ...................................................................................4-336

Travel Management and OHV ..........................................................4-337

Lands and Realty...............................................................................4-348

Land Use Authorizations.....................................4-348

Land Tenure Adjustment (including Access)......4-362

Special Designation Areas.................................................................4-367

Areas of Critical Environmental Concern ...........4-367

Back Country Byways.........................................4-381

National Trails.....................................................4-384

Wilderness...........................................................4-393

Social Conditions ..............................................................................4-397

Environmental Justice .........................................4-403
VOLUME I: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-I-10

VOLUME II

Economic Conditions........................................................................4-403

Hazardous Materials and Waste ........................................................4-419

 CHAPTER 5: CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION...................................................5-1

GLOSSARY..........................................................................................................................GLO-1

BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................BIB-1

INDEX.................................................................................................................................... IND-1

VOLUME III: APPENDICES

APPENDICES

Air Resources and Climate .......................................................AIR-1

Best Management Practices.................................................... BMP-1

Cultural Resources...................................................................CUL-1

Economics................................................................................ECO-1

Fish and Wildlife...................................................................... FWI-1

Forestry and Woodland Products.............................................FOR-1

Lands and Realty-Renewable Energy ......................................LRE-1

Livestock Grazing....................................................................LVG-1

Minerals...................................................................................MIN-1

Monitoring ............................................................................. MON-1

Paleontological Resources ....................................................... PAL-1

Reclamation .............................................................................RCL-1

Recreation ................................................................................REC-1

Soils .......................................................................................... SOI-1

Special Designation Areas........................................................SPE-1

Travel and Maintenance...........................................................TRA-1

Vegetation................................................................................VEG-1

Water.......................................................................................WAT-1

VOLUME IV: MAPS

Maps..................................................................................................................MAP-1

MAP CD

Map 

Number Topic Title

16

Livestock 

Grazing/ 

Range

Grazing Allotments administered by the Miles City Field Office..................

......................................................................................... CD only/MAP-16

22 Fluid 

Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative A ............................ MAP-22

23 Fluid 

Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative B ............................ MAP-23

24 Fluid Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative C ............................ MAP-24
VOLUME I: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-I-11

MAP CD

Minerals

25 Fluid 

Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative D............................ MAP-25

26 Fluid 

Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative E ............................ MAP-26
TOC-I-12

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VOLUME II: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-II-1

VOLUME II: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

VOLUME II

CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES, SECTION 2 

(continued from Volume I).................................................................................................................. 4-130

Fish and Wildlife

Terrestrial................................................................. 4-130

Wildland Fire Management and Ecology..................................... 4-177

Prescribed Fire and Fuels Management................... 4-177

Wildland Fire Management .................................... 4-181

Cultural Resources ....................................................................... 4-193

Paleontological Resources............................................................ 4-204

Visual Resources.......................................................................... 4-217

Lands with Wilderness Characteristics......................................... 4-228

Facilities....................................................................................... 4-230

Forestry and Woodland Products ................................................. 4-231

Livestock Grazing ........................................................................ 4-243

Minerals........................................................................................ 4-254

Coal.......................................................................... 4-254

Oil, Gas, and Geothermal......................................... 4-263

Locatable Minerals................................................... 4-276

Mineral Materials..................................................... 4-289

Recreation .................................................................................... 4-297

Renewable Energy........................................................................ 4-320

Transportation .............................................................................. 4-336

Travel Management and OHV ..................................................... 4-337

Lands and Realty.......................................................................... 4-348

Land Use Authorizations.......................................... 4-348

Land Tenure Adjustment (including Access)........... 4-362

Special Designation Areas............................................................ 4-367

Areas of Critical Environmental Concern................. 4-367

Back Country Byways.............................................. 4-381

National Trails.......................................................... 4-384

Wilderness................................................................ 4-393

Social Conditions ......................................................................... 4-397

Environmental Justice .............................................. 4-403

Economic Conditions................................................................... 4-403

Hazardous Materials and Waste ................................................... 4-419

CHAPTER 5: CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION

Introduction.......................................................................................................... 5-1

Public Participation .............................................................................................. 5-1

Scoping................................................................................................................. 5-1

Other Outreach Efforts......................................................................................... 5-2

Consultation ......................................................................................................... 5-2

Cooperating Agencies.................................................. 5-2

American Indian Tribes................................................ 5-2

United States Fish and Wildlife Service....................... 5-4

Sage-grouse.................................................................. 5-4

Air Resources............................................................... 5-4

Other BLM Offices...................................................... 5-5

Consistency .......................................................................................................... 5-5
VOLUME II: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-II-2

VOLUME II

Distribution List ................................................................................................... 5-5

List of Preparers................................................................................................. 5-20

Cooperating Agencies ........................................................................................ 5-23

Collaborating Agencies...................................................................................... 5-23

GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................................... GLO-1

BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................................. BIB-1

INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ IND-1

TABLES AND FIGURES

Chapter 4

4-47 Cumulative Oil and Gas Restrictions per Alternative ........................4-167

4-48 Cultural Resource Sites Potentially Affected under Alternative A ....4-196

4-49 Cultural Resource Sites Potentially Affected under Alternative B.....4-198

4-50 Cultural Resource Sites Potentially Affected under Alternative C.....4-199

4-51 Cultural Resource Sites Potentially Affected under Alternative D ....4-200

4-52 Cultural Resources Sites Potentially Affected under Alternative E ...4-201

4-53 BLM-administered Acres and Paleontological Resource Localities 

Affected under Alternative A.............................................................4-208

4-54 Paleontological Resource Localities Affected under Alternative B ...4-209

4-55 Paleontological Resource Localities Potentially Affected under 

Alternative C ......................................................................................4-211

4-56 Paleontological Resource Localities Affected under Alternative D...4-212

4-57 Paleontological Resource Localities Potentially Affected under 

Alternative E ......................................................................................4-213

4-58 Assumed Acres of Disturbance per Range Improvement Project ......4-244

4-59 Total Acres of Disturbance per Range Improvement Project under 

Management Common to all Alternatives..........................................4-244

4-60 BLM-administered Acres Closed to Surface Disturbance under 

Alternative B ......................................................................................4-247

4-61 BLM-administered Acres Subject to Beneficial or Functionality 

Requirements or Specialized Design Features under Alternative B...4-248

4-62 BLM-administered Acres Closed to Surface Disturbance under 

Alternative C ......................................................................................4-249

4-63 Animal Unit Months by Alternative...................................................4-255

4-64 BLM-administered Acres Closed to Coal Exploration under Alternative 

A.........................................................................................................4-256

4-65 BLM-administered Acres Subject to Timing Stipulations under 

Alternative A......................................................................................4-256

4-66 BLM-administered Acres Closed to Coal Exploration under Alternative B

............................................................................................................4-257

4-67 BLM-administered Coal Mineral Acres Closed to Coal Exploration under 

Alternative C ......................................................................................4-258

4-68 BLM-administered Coal Mineral Acres Requiring Specialized Design 

Features under Alternative C..............................................................4-259

4-69 BLM-administered Coal Mineral Acres Subject to Habitat Functionality 

Requirements under Alternative C.....................................................4-259

4-70 BLM-administered Coal Mineral Acres Avoided under Alternative C.......

............................................................................................................4-260

4-71 BLM Administered Coal Mineral Acres Avoided under Alternative D......

............................................................................................................4-260

4-72 BLM-administered Coal Mineral Acres Requiring Specialized Design 

Features under Alternative D .............................................................4-261

4-73 BLM-administered Coal Mineral Acres Subject to Habitat Functionality 
VOLUME II: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-II-3

TABLES AND FIGURES

Requirements under Alternative D.....................................................4-261

4-74 BLM-administered Coal Mineral Acres Subject to Specialized Design 

Features, Avoidance, or Habitat Stipulations under Alternative E.....4-262

4-75 Total BLM-administered Acres Affected under Management Common to 

all Alternatives...................................................................................4-264

4-76 BLM-administered Acres Closed to Geophysical Exploration under 

Management Common to all Alternatives..........................................4-265

4-77 Total BLM-administered Acres Affected under Alternative A..........4-265

4-78 BLM-administered Acres Closed to Geophysical under Alternative A ......

...........................................................................................................4-266

4-79 BLM-administered Acres Affected by Sage-grouse Habitat 

Categorization under Alternative B....................................................4-267

4-80 BLM-administered Acres Closed to Geophysical Exploration under 

Alternative B......................................................................................4-268

4-81 BLM-administered Acres Affected under Alternative B ...................4-269

4-82 Total BLM-administered Acres Affected under Alternative C..........4-269

4-83 BLM-administered Acres Affected by Sage-grouse Habitat 

Categorization under Alternative C....................................................4-270

4-84 BLM-administered Acres Closed to Geophysical Exploration under 

Alternative C......................................................................................4-270

4-85 Total BLM-administered Acres Affected under Alternative D..........4-271

4-86 BLM-administered Acres Affected by Sage-grouse Habitat 

Categorization under Alternative D ...................................................4-272

4-87 BLM-administered Acres Closed to Geophysical Exploration under 

Alternative D......................................................................................4-272

4-88 BLM-administered Acres Affected by Sage-grouse Habitat 

Categorization under Alternative E....................................................4-273

4-89 BLM-administered Acres Closed to Geophysical Exploration under 

Alternative E ......................................................................................4-274

4-90 Total BLM-administered Acres Affected under Alternative E ..........4-274

4-91

BLM-administered Locatable Mineral Acres Subject to Validity Exams if 

Mining Claims were Present under Management Common to all 

Alternatives........................................................................................4-279

4-92 BLM-administered Locatable Mineral Acres Requiring Mitigation under 

Alternative A......................................................................................4-280

4-93 BLM-administered Locatable Mineral Acres Requiring Mitigation under 

Alternative B......................................................................................4-282

4-94 BLM-administered Locatable Mineral Acres Requiring Mitigation under 

Alternative C......................................................................................4-284

4-95 BLM-administered Locatable Mineral Acres Requiring Mitigation under 

Alternative D......................................................................................4-285

4-96 BLM-administered Locatable Mineral Acres Potentially Requiring 

Mitigation under Alternative E ..........................................................4-287

4-97 BLM-administered Mineral Material Acres Closed under Management 

Common to all Alternatives ...............................................................4-289

4-98 BLM-administered Mineral Material Acres Closed under Alternative A ...

...........................................................................................................4-290

4-99 BLM-administered Mineral Material Acres Closed under Alternative B ...

...........................................................................................................4-291

4-100 BLM-administered Mineral Material Acres Closed under Alternative C ...

...........................................................................................................4-292

4-101 BLM-administered Mineral Material Acres Subject to Habitat 

Functionality Requirements under Alternative C...............................4-293

4-102 BLM-administered Mineral Material Acres Closed under Alternative D ...

...........................................................................................................4-293
VOLUME II: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-II-4

TABLES AND FIGURES

4-103 BLM-administered Mineral Material Acres Requiring Plans of Operation 

under Alternative D............................................................................4-294

4-104 BLM-administered Mineral Material Acres Subject to Habitat 

Functionality Requirements under Alternative D...............................4-294

4-105 BLM-administered Mineral Material Acres Closed under Alternative E....

............................................................................................................4-295

4-106 BLM-administered Mineral Material Acres Subject to Specialized Design 

Features, Avoidance, or Habitat Requirements under Alternative E..4-296

4-107 Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for Renewable Energy 

ROWs under Alternative A ................................................................4-324

4-108 Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Exclusion of 

Renewable Energy ROWs under Alternative A.................................4-324

4-109 BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Avoidance of Renewable 

Energy ROWs under Alternative A....................................................4-325

4-110 Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for Renewable Energy 

ROWs under Alternative B ................................................................4-325

4-111 BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Exclusion of Renewable 

Energy ROWs under Alternative B....................................................4-326

4-112 Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for Renewable Energy 

ROWs under Alternative C ................................................................4-327

4-113

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Exclusion for Renewable 

Energy ROWs under Alternative C....................................................4-328

4-114

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Avoidance of Renewable 

Energy ROWs under Alternative C....................................................4-329

4-115

Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for Renewable Energy 

ROWs under Alternative D ................................................................4-330

4-116

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Exclusion for Renewable 

Energy ROWs under Alternative D....................................................4-331

4-117

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Avoidance of Renewable 

Energy ROWs under Alternative D....................................................4-331

4-118

Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for Renewable Energy 

ROWs under Alternative E.................................................................4-332

4-119 BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Exclusion of Renewable 

Energy ROWs under Alternative E ....................................................4-333

4-120

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Avoidance of Renewable 

Energy ROWs under Alternative E ....................................................4-334

4-121

Total Cumulative BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for 

Renewable Energy ROWs under all Alternatives ..............................4-335

4-122

Summary of Allocations on BLM-administered Surface for Renewable 

Energy Class 4 and Above Wind and ROWs and other Land Use 

Authorizations by Alternative ............................................................4-336

4-123

Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for ROWs and other 

Land Use Authorizations under Alternative A...................................4-350

4-124

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Exclusion of ROWs and 

other Land Use Authorizations under Alternative A..........................4-351

4-125

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Avoidance of ROWs and 

other Land Use Authorizations under Alternative A..........................4-351

4-126

Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for ROWs and other 

Land Use Authorizations under Alternative B ...................................4-352

4-127

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Exclusion of Rows and 

other Land Use Authorizations under Alternative B ..........................4-353

4-128 Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for ROWs and other 

Land Use Authorizations under Alternative C ...................................4-354

4-129 BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Exclusion of ROWs and 

other Land Use Authorizations under Alternative C ..........................4-355
VOLUME II: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-II-5

TABLES AND FIGURES

4-130

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Avoidance of ROWs and 

other Land Use Authorizations under Alternative C..........................4-356

4-131

Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for ROWs and other 

Land Use Authorizations under Alternative D...................................4-357

4-132

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Exclusion for ROWs and 

other Land Use Authorizations under Alternative D..........................4-357

4-133

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Avoidance for ROWs and 

other Land Use Authorizations under Alternative D..........................4-358

4-134

Total BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for ROWs and other 

Land Use Authorizations under Alternative E ...................................4-359

4-135

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Exclusion of ROWs and 

other Land Use Authorizations under Alternative E ..........................4-359

4-136

BLM-administered Surface Acres Subject to Avoidance of ROWs and 

other Land Use Authorizations under Alternative E ..........................4-360

4-137 Total Cumulative BLM-administered Surface Acres Affected for ROWs 

and Other Land Use Authorizations under all Alternatives ...............4-361

4-138

Summary of Allocations on BLM-administered Surface for Renewable 

Energy Class 4 and Above Wind and ROWs and Other Land Use 

Authorizations by Alternative ............................................................4-362

4-139 Potential Alternative Fuels Treatment and Suppression Cost Comparison 

Table ..................................................................................................4-405

4-140 Current Role of MCFO-related Contributions to the Area Economy.4-406

4-141 Estimated Annual Livestock Grazing by Alternative.........................4-407

4-142

Estimated Annual Change in Federal Mineral Production and Activity by 

Alternative..........................................................................................4-408

4-143 Average Annual Employment by Major Industry by Alternative ......4-409

4-144 Annual Average Labor Income by Major Industry by Alternative ....4-410

4-145 Annual Timber Harvest by Alternative ..............................................4-411

4-146

Estimated Annual Federal, States, and Local Revenues by Alternative......

...........................................................................................................4-413

4-147 Estimated Recreation Visits by Alternative .......................................4-414

4-148

Annual Average BLM Revenues and Payments to State and Counties ......

...........................................................................................................4-414

VOLUME III: APPENDICES

 APPENDICES

Air Resources and Climate .......................................................AIR-1

Best Management Practices.................................................... BMP-1

Cultural Resources...................................................................CUL-1

Economics................................................................................ECO-1

Fish and Wildlife ..................................................................... FWI-1

Forestry and Woodland Products.............................................FOR-1

Lands and Realty-Renewable Energy......................................LRE-1

Livestock Grazing....................................................................LVG-1

Minerals...................................................................................MIN-1

Monitoring ..............................................................................MON-1

Paleontological Resources....................................................... PAL-1

Reclamation .............................................................................RCL-1

Recreation................................................................................REC-1

Soils.......................................................................................... SOI-1

Special Designation Areas........................................................SPE-1
VOLUME II: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-II-6

VOLUME III: APPENDICES

Travel and Maintenance...........................................................TRA-1

Vegetation................................................................................VEG-1

Water.......................................................................................WAT-1

VOLUME IV: MAPS 

Maps.................................................................................................. MAP-1

MAP CD

Map 

Number Topic Title

16

Livestock 

Grazing/ 

Range

Grazing Allotments administered by the Miles City Field Office..................

......................................................................................... CD only/MAP-16
VOLUME III: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-III-1 

VOLUME III: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

VOLUME III

APPENDICES

Air Resources and Climate

Introduction ..................................................................................AIR-1

Tables and Figures........................................................................AIR-2

Air Resource Management Plan: Adaptive Management Strategy for 

Oil and Gas Resources.............................................................ARMP-1

Best Management Practices

Introduction ................................................................................BMP-1

Mitigation Guidelines.................................................................BMP-1

Mitigation Objectives .................................................................BMP-1

Guidelines for Specific Activities...............................................BMP-4

Additional Best Management Practices......................................BMP-8

Sage-grouse Best Management Practices .................................BMP-18

Cultural Resources

Introduction ................................................................................ CUL-1

Analysis for Projected Potential Eligible Sites in the Planning Area .....

.................................................................................................... CUL-1

Cultural Resource Identification................................................. CUL-1

Cultural Resource Use Categories.............................................. CUL-3

Laws, Regulations, and Policies Specific to Cultural Resources CUL-4

Economics

Introduction ................................................................................ ECO-1

Chapter 4 Methodology, Assumptions, and Incomplete Information .....

.................................................................................................... ECO-1

Fish and Wildlife

Introduction .................................................................................FWI-1

Aquatic Wildlife

Amphibians .............................................................................FWI-1

Reptiles....................................................................................FWI-2

Fish..........................................................................................FWI-2

Terrestrial Wildlife ......................................................................FWI-3

Bighorn Sheep .........................................................................FWI-3

Sage-grouse Management .......................................................FWI-3

Migratory Bird Conservation ................................................FWI-11

Special Status Species ...........................................................FWI-15

Fish and Wildlife Monitoring and Protection Plan for the Decker Area

................................................................................................ WMPP-1

Forestry and Woodland Products

Introduction ................................................................................ FOR-1

Montana Streamside Management Zone Law ............................ FOR-1

Water Quality Best Management Practices ................................ FOR-1

Lands and Realty-Renewable Energy

Introduction ................................................................................ LAN-1
VOLUME III: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-III-2 

VOLUME III

Lands and Realty ........................................................................ LAN-1

Carbon Geo-sequestration ...................................................... LAN-1

ROW Corridors ...................................................................... LAN-1

Conveyance of Federally Owned Mineral Interests................ LAN-1

General Information Pertaining to Land Ownership Adjustments .....

................................................................................................ LAN-2

Withdrawals............................................................................ LAN-7

Renewable Energy .................................................................... LAN-10

BLM Wind Energy Program Policies and BMPs ..................... LAN-10

Livestock Grazing

Introduction.................................................................................LVG-1

Allotment Categories..................................................................LVG-1

Screening Criteria .......................................................................LVG-3

Minerals

Introduction................................................................................. MIN-1

Fluid Minerals............................................................................. MIN-1

Oil and Gas............................................................................. MIN-1

Procedures in Oil and Gas Recovery ...................................... MIN-1

Leasing Process and Stipulations............................................ MIN-3

Management Common to all Alternatives

Controlled Surface Use................................................ MIN-4

No Surface Occupancy ................................................ MIN-5

Lease Notice ................................................................ MIN-7

Alternative A

Timing ......................................................................... MIN-8

Controlled Surface Use................................................ MIN-9

No Surface Occupancy ...............................................MIN-10

Lease Notice ...............................................................MIN-13

Alternative B

Controlled Surface Use...............................................MIN-14

No Surface Occupancy ...............................................MIN-15

Alternative C

Controlled Surface Use...............................................MIN-21

No Surface Occupancy ...............................................MIN-28

Alternative D

Controlled Surface Use...............................................MIN-32

Alternative E

Controlled Surface Use...............................................MIN-43

No Surface Occupancy ...............................................MIN-49

Implementation of Waivers, Exceptions, and Modifications.MIN-53

Operating Standards and Approval Procedures.....................MIN-56

Conditions of Approval .........................................................MIN-60

Informational Notice..............................................................MIN-64

Mitigation Measures..............................................................MIN-66

Production and Development ................................................MIN-70

Abandonment ........................................................................MIN-75

Regulations, Laws, and Special Procedures ..........................MIN-75

Reasonably Foreseeable Development Scenario for Fluid Minerals

...............................................................................................MIN-77

 Proposed Carter Master Leasing Plan Area ................MIN-134

Solid Minerals..........................................................................MIN-137

Coal .....................................................................................MIN-137
VOLUME III: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-III-3 

VOLUME III

Locatable Minerals and Mineral Materials..........................MIN-160

Solid Minerals RFD.............................................................MIN-162

Monitoring

Introduction ...............................................................................MON-1

Monitoring Table.......................................................................MON-2

Air Resources and Climate ....................................................MON-2

Soils.......................................................................................MON-3

Water.....................................................................................MON-6

Vegetation ...........................................................................MON-13

Trees and Shrubs............................................................MON-14

Herbaceous.....................................................................MON-14

Riparian and Wetland Areas ...........................................MON-14

Invasive Species..............................................................MON-14

Fish and Wildlife .................................................................MON-15

Wildland Fire Management and Ecology............................MON-17

Cultural Resources ..............................................................MON-18

Paleontological Resources...................................................MON-21

Visual Resources Management ...........................................MON-22

Forestry and Woodland Products ........................................MON-23

Minerals

Coal................................................................................MON-24

Oil, Gas, and Geothermal...............................................MON-25

Locatable Minerals ........................................................MON-28

Mineral Materials...........................................................MON-29

Recreation............................................................................MON-29

Renewable Energy...............................................................MON-30

Travel Management and OHV and Back Country Byways.MON-31

Lands and Realty.................................................................MON-31

Special Designation Areas...................................................MON-33

Areas of Critical Environmental Concern......................MON-33

Wilderness .....................................................................MON-34

Paleontological Resources

Introduction .................................................................................PAL-1

Classification System...................................................................PAL-1

Guidelines for Assessment and Mitigation of Potential Impacts to 

Paleontological Resources...........................................................PAL-6

Reclamation

Introduction ................................................................................ RCL-1

Reclamation Goals...................................................................... RCL-1

Reclamation Objectives.............................................................. RCL-1

Recreation

Introduction ................................................................................ REC-1

Tables and Figures...................................................................... REC-2

Soils

Introduction ..................................................................................SOI-1

Major Land Resource Areas.........................................................SOI-1

Reclamation Suitability ................................................................SOI-2

Possible Mitigation Methods........................................................SOI-3

Soils with Increased Soil Salt Content..........................................SOI-4

Suitable Topsoil Criteria...............................................................SOI-5
VOLUME III: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-III-4 

VOLUME III

Common Soil Properties in the Planning Area .............................SOI-5

Special Designation Areas

Introduction.................................................................................. SPE-1

Areas of Critical Environmental Concern.................................... SPE-1

Wild and Scenic Rivers.............................................................. SPE-21

Travel and Maintenance

Introduction................................................................................. TRA-1

Maintenance Intensities .............................................................. TRA-1

Vegetation

Introduction.................................................................................VEG-1

Datum Sources............................................................................VEG-1

Special Status Species Plants......................................................VEG-3

Water

Introduction................................................................................WAT-1

Groundwater Wells in the Planning Area ..................................WAT-1

Impaired Waterbodies in the Planning Area ..............................WAT-1

TABLES AND FIGURES

Air Resources and Climate Appendix

1

Baker Co-op Station Temperature and Precipitation Data (1948 to 2005)..

...........................................................................................................AIR-2

2

Broadus Co-op Station Temperature and Precipitation Data (1948 to 

2005) .................................................................................................AIR-2

3

Glendive Co-op Station Temperature and Precipitation Data (1905 to 

2005) ................................................................................................AIR-3

4

Jordan Co-op Station Temperature and Precipitation Data (1905 to 2005)

...........................................................................................................AIR-3

5

Lame Deer Co-op Station Temperature and Precipitation Data (1948 to 

1998) .................................................................................................AIR-4

6

Miles City FAA Airport Temperature and Precipitation Data (1937 to 

2005) .................................................................................................AIR-4

7

Sidney Co-op Station Temperature and Precipitation Data (1910 to 2005)

...........................................................................................................AIR-5

8 Hourly Wind Data From Stations in the Planning Area ...................AIR-5

Economics Appendix

1 Response Coefficients Associated with BLM Program Management ........

......................................................................................................... ECO-2

2 Ecosystem Restoration and Annual Treatments by Alternative ..... ECO-3

3 BLM Employment and Expenditures by Alternative ..................... ECO-3

4 Employment by BLM Program by Alternative .............................. ECO-4

5 Labor Income by BLM Program by Alternative ............................. ECO-4

6 Recreation, Feast Resource Data Entry .......................................... ECO-5

7 Public Revenues from Recreation-related Activities....................... ECO-5

8 Expenditures and Percentage of Use on National Forestlands........ ECO-5
VOLUME III: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-III-5 

TABLES AND FIGURES

Fish and Wildlife Appendix

1 Native and Nonnative Amphibian Species Occurring in the Planning Area

.........................................................................................................FWI-1

2 Native and Nonnative Reptile Species Occurring in the Planning Area

.........................................................................................................FWI-2

3 Native and Nonnative Fish Species Occurring in the Planning Area ..........

.........................................................................................................FWI-3

4 Relevant Plans and Regulations for Special Status Species in the Planning 

Area................................................................................................FWI-15

5 Monitoring Table for the Decker Area........................................ WMPP-2

6 Additional Wildlife Inventory and Monitoring Measures on and Adjacent 

to Areas with High Levels of Development................................ WMPP-8

7 Summary of APD or ROW Survey and Protection Measures for CBNG 

Development ............................................................................... WMPP-9

8 Summary of General Wildlife Reporting, Inventory, and Monitoring for 

CBNG Development ................................................................. WMPP-10

Livestock Grazing Appendix

1

Allotments that Failed Rangeland Health Standards as of December 2009

........................................................................................................ LVG-5

2

Updated Allotment List as of January 2010 (Allotments Open under 

Alternative A) ................................................................................. LVG-5

Minerals Appendix

1 Comparison of Well Characteristics in Producing Provinces ........MIN-68

2 General Statewide Spacing Rules for Montana..............................MIN-71

3 Approximate Acres by County in the Planning Area ....................MIN-79

4 Ten Largest Operators of Wells Drilled Between 2000 and 2010 MIN-81

5 Wells Drilled in the Planning Area by County...............................MIN-87

6 Type of Wells Drilled in the Planning Area ..................................MIN-88

7 Cumulative Oil and Gas Production by County.............................MIN-90

8 Top Five Oil-producing Fields in the Planning Area .....................MIN-91

9 Top Five Gas-producing Fields in the Planning Area ....................MIN-92

10 Bakken Formation Production of the Five Largest Producers .......MIN-92

11 Number of Wells Drilled by Company in the Bakken Formation..MIN-93

12 Largest Operating Companies in the Planning Area .....................MIN-93

13 Type of Wells in the Planning Area ...............................................MIN-94

14 Type of Current Producing Wells in the Planning Area ................MIN-94

15 Top Twenty Producing Formations................................................MIN-95

16 Top Ten Bakken Oil Producers through 2010................................MIN-96

17 Oil and Gas Lease Sales for the Miles City Field Office from 2000 to

2011 ...............................................................................................MIN-98

18 USGS Estimated Undiscovered Technically Recoverable Resource 

Quantities in the Williston Basin Province ..................................MIN-108

19 USGS Estimated Undiscovered Technically Recoverable Resource 

Quantities in the Williston Basin Province of the Miles City Field Office 

Planning Area...............................................................................MIN-109

20 Projected Annual Wells Spud ......................................................MIN-116

21 Development Potential Areas in the Planning Area ....................MIN-117

22 Forecast of Planning Area Annual and Cumulative Oil and Gas 

Production for 2011 through 2030 ...............................................MIN-122

23 Disturbance Associated with New Drilled Wells, Existing Wells, and 
VOLUME III: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-III-6 

TABLES AND FIGURES

Projected Active Wells for the Baseline Scenario (Short-term 

Disturbance).................................................................................MIN-125

24 Disturbance Associated with New Producing Wells for the Baseline 

Scenario (Long-term Disturbance)...............................................MIN-126

25 Summary of 2003 USGS Resource Assessment of the Powder River 

Basin, Montana Portion Only.......................................................MIN-128

26 Level of Disturbance for Oil and Gas Wells and Associated Production 

Facilities.......................................................................................MIN-136

27 Tons of Coal Produced in Fiscal year 2008..................................MIN-162

28 Summary of Permitted Acres in Bentonite RFD Areas in the Planning 

Area..............................................................................................MIN-164

Monitoring Appendix

1 Monitoring Table ..........................................................................MON-2

Recreation Appendix

1 Recreation Setting Characteristics Matrix ...................................... REC-2

Soils Appendix

1 Reclamation Suitability Criteria .......................................................SOI-2

2 Erodible Soil Criteria ........................................................................SOI-2

3 Recommended Values for Land Application ...................................SOI-4

4 Recommended Soil Characteristics for use as a Topsoil...................SOI-5

5 Ten Principal Surface Textures in the Planning Area .......................SOI-5

6 Ten Principal Ecological Sites in the Planning Area ........................SOI-5

7 Ten Principal Parent Materials in the Planning Area .......................SOI-6

8 Ten Principal Map Units in the Planning Area ................................SOI-6

9 Ten Principal Soil Families in the Planning Area ............................SOI-6

Special Designation Areas Appendix

1 Greater Sage-grouse Relevance and Importance Evaluation ..........SPE-89

2 River Segments in the Planning Area Eligible for Designation as Wild 

and Scenic Rivers ...........................................................................SPE-26

Travel and Maintenance Appendix

1 Maintenance Intensities................................................................... TRA-1

Vegetation Appendix

1 Existing Landfire Vegetation Classifications Found on BLMAdministered Lands within the Planning Area .............................. VEG-2

2 BLM Special Status Plants in the Planning Area ........................... VEG-4

Water Appendix

1 Groundwater Well Aquifer Use by County ................................... WAT-2

2 2010 Montana List of Impaired Streams and Rivers in the Planning Area 

........................................................................................................ WAT-6
VOLUME III: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-III-7 

TABLES AND FIGURES

3 2010 Montana List of Impaired Reservoirs and Lakes in the Planning 

Area ............................................................................................. WAT-25

4 Sources of Surface Water Impairment in the Planning Area ....... WAT-27

5 Possible Causes of Impairment in the Planning Area ................. WAT-28

FIGURES

Air Resources and Climate Appendix

1 Wind Rose, Pine Hill, Montana (1999 to 2009)................................AIR-6

2 Wind Rose, Poplar, Montana (1992 to 2009)....................................AIR-7

3 Wind Rose, Medicine Lake, Montana (2003 to 2009) .....................AIR-8

4 Wind Rose, Badger Peak, Montana (1986 to 2009)..........................AIR-9

5 Wind Rose, Knowlton, Montana (2009) .........................................AIR-10

6 Projected United States Temperature Changes from 1961 to 1979 

Baseline ..........................................................................................AIR-11

7 United States Winter Temperature Trends from 1975 to 2007 .......AIR-12

8 Predicted Number Of Days over 100 Degrees Fahrenheit in the United 

States ..............................................................................................AIR-13

9 Predicted Seasonal Changes in North American Precipitation from 2080 

to 2099 ............................................................................................AIR-14

10 Projected Change in United States Ground-level Ozone in the 2090s........

........................................................................................................AIR-15

11 Predicted Changes in Wildfire Area Burned in the Western United States 

........................................................................................................AIR-16

12 Carbon Monoxide 1-Hour Concentrations Representing the Planning 

Area ................................................................................................AIR-17

13 Carbon Monoxide 8-Hour Concentrations Representing the Planning 

Area ................................................................................................AIR-18

14 Second Highest 1-Hour Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Representing 

the Planning Area ...........................................................................AIR-19

15 Mean Annual Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Representing the 

Planning Area .................................................................................AIR-20

16 8-Hour Ozone Concentrations Representing the Planning Area ....AIR-21

17 Mean Annual Ozone Concentrations Representing the Planning Area ......

........................................................................................................AIR-22

18 24-Hour Pm2.5 Concentrations Representing the Planning Area ....AIR-23

19 Mean Annual Pm2.5 Concentrations Representing the Planning Area ........

........................................................................................................AIR-24

20 24-Hour Pm10 Concentrations in Lame Deer, Montana .................AIR-25

21 Second Highest 1-Hour Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations Representing the 

Planning Area .................................................................................AIR-26

22 Mean Annual Concentrations of Nitrogen Compounds in the Miles City 

Study Area (Theodore Roosevelt National Park)............................AIR-27

23 Mean Annual Concentrations of Sulfur Compounds in the Miles City 

Study Area (Theodore Roosevelt National Park)............................AIR-28

24 Mean Annual Precipitation pH Representing the Planning Area, Little 

Bighorn Battlefield .........................................................................AIR-29

25 Mean Annual Precipitation pH Representing the Planning Area ...AIR-30

26 Total Nitrogen Deposition in Theodore Roosevelt National Park .AIR-31

27 Total Sulfur Deposition in Theodore Roosevelt National Park ......AIR-32

28 Inorganic Nitrogen Wet Deposition from Nitrate and Ammonium in 2008

........................................................................................................AIR-33

29 Total Mercury Wet Deposition in 2008 .........................................AIR-34

30 Hydrogen Ion Concentration as pH From Measurements Made at the 

Central Analytical Laboratory in 2008............................................AIR-35
VOLUME III: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-III-8 

TABLES AND FIGURES

31 Nitrate Ion Concentration in 2008...................................................AIR-36

32 Ammonium Ion Concentration in 2008...........................................AIR-37

33 Total Mercury Concentration in 2008 .............................................AIR-38

34 Daily Visibility Representing the Miles City Study Area, Northern 

Cheyenne Indian Reservation..........................................................AIR-39

35 Daily Visibility Representing the Miles City Study Area, Medicine Lake 

.........................................................................................................AIR-40

36 Daily Visibility Representing the Miles City Study Area, UL Bend ..........

.........................................................................................................AIR-41

37 Daily Visibility Representing the Miles City Study Area, Fort Peck 

Indian Reservation ..........................................................................AIR-42

Livestock Grazing Appendix

1 Allotment Flowchart ....................................................................... LVG-2

Minerals Appendix

1 Gas Well Spacing Section Plat ......................................................MIN-72

2 Oil Well Spacing Section Plat .......................................................MIN-73

3 Directional Drilling Accessibility Concept ...................................MIN-77

4 Generalized Stratigraphic Column Showing the Stratigraphic 

Relationships of Producing Formations within the Planning Area MIN-86

5 Rig Counts for Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming.................MIN-89

6 Elm Coulee Bakken Decline Curve................................................MIN-96

7 Montana Historical Gas Prices to 2009 with Energy Information 

Administration Forecasts from 2010 to 2035...............................MIN-112

8 Montana Historical Oil Prices to 2011 with Energy Information 

Administration Forecasts from 2011 to 2035...............................MIN-114

9 Vertical Well Depths in the Planning Area ..................................MIN-118

10 Planning Area Well Numbers by Year (1901 Through 2010)......MIN-121

Recreation Appendix

1 Experience and Benefit Checklist ................................................... REC-5

2 Disbenefit Checklist ....................................................................... REC-8

Special Designation Areas Appendix

1 Greater Sage-grouse Distribution......................................................SPE-9

2 Greater Sage-grouse Management Zones..........................................SPE-9

3 Greater Sage-grouse Core Areas in Montana ..................................SPE-10

4 Greater Sage-grouse Core Areas in Wyoming ................................SPE-11

5 Important Bird Areas in Montana ...................................................SPE-12

VOLUME IV: MAPS

Maps..................................................................................................................MAP-1
VOLUME III: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-III-9 

MAP CD

Map 

Number Topic Title

16

Livestock 

Grazing/ 

Range

Grazing Allotments administered by the Miles City Field Office ................

.........................................................................................CD only/MAP-16
This page intentionally left blank. 
VOLUME IV: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-IV-1 

VOLUME IV: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

VOLUME IV: MAPS 

Map 

Number Topic Title

1 General Miles City Field Office Planning Area....................................... MAP-1

2 Wildlife Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks Sage-grouse Core Areas...... MAP-2

3 Fluid Minerals Master Leasing Plan Carter ........................................................ MAP-3

4 Wildlife Sage-grouse Habitat Management Areas: Alternative E ............ MAP-4

5 Fluid Minerals Oil and Gas Development Potential ........................................... MAP-5

6 Air Resources Air Resource Monitoring............................................................ MAP-6

7 Wildlife Sage-grouse Habitat Management Areas: Alternative B............ MAP-7

8 Wildlife Sage-grouse Habitat Management Areas: Alternative C............ MAP-8

9 Wildlife Sage-grouse Habitat Management Areas: Alternative D............ MAP-9

10 Fire Fire Management Zone and Category ...................................... MAP-10

11 VRM Visual Resource Management: Alternative A .......................... MAP-11

12 VRM Visual Resource Management: Alternative B .......................... MAP-12

13 VRM Visual Resource Management: Alternative C .......................... MAP-13

14 VRM Visual Resource Management: Alternative D .......................... MAP-14

15 VRM Visual Resource Management: Alternative E........................... MAP-15

16 Livestock 

Grazing/Range

Grazing Allotments Administered by the Miles City Field Office (see 

Map CD below)......................................................... CD only/MAP-16

17 Livestock 

Grazing/Range Closed to Grazing - Alternative A............................................ MAP-17

18 Livestock 

Grazing/Range Closed to Grazing - Alternative B............................................ MAP-18

19 Livestock 

Grazing/Range Closed to Grazing - Alternative C............................................ MAP-19

20 Livestock 

Grazing/Range Closed to Grazing - Alternative D............................................ MAP-20

21 Livestock 

Grazing/Range Closed to Grazing - Alternative E ............................................ MAP-21

22 Fluid Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative A ..................... MAP-22

23 Fluid Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative B...................... MAP-23

24 Fluid Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative C...................... MAP-24

25 Fluid Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative D ..................... MAP-25

26 Fluid Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative E...................... MAP-26

27 SRMAs and 

Proposed SRMAs Glendive Short Pine OHV Recreation Area ............................. MAP-27

28 SRMAs and 

Proposed SRMAs Terry OHV Area....................................................................... MAP-28

29 Renewable Energy Wind Energy Allocations: Management Common to all Alternatives

.................................................................................................. MAP-29

30 Renewable Energy Wind Energy Allocations: Alternative A ................................. MAP-30

31 Renewable Energy Wind Energy Allocations: Alternative B.................................. MAP-31

32 Renewable Energy Wind Energy Allocations: Alternative C.................................. MAP-32

33 Renewable Energy Wind Energy Allocations: Alternative D ................................. MAP-33

34 Renewable Energy Wind Energy Allocations: Alternative E.................................. MAP-34

35 Lands and Realty

Right-of-Ways and other Land Use Authorization Avoidance Areas 

(excluding Renewable Energy): Management Common to all 

Alternatives .............................................................................. MAP-35
VOLUME IV: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-IV-2 

VOLUME IV: MAPS

36 Lands and Realty

Rights-of-Way and Other Land Use Authorizations Exclusion and 

Avoidance Areas (excluding Renewable Energy): Alternative A ..........

..................................................................................................MAP-36

37 Lands and Realty Rights-of-Way and Other Land Use Authorizations Exclusion Areas 

(excluding Renewable Energy): Alternative B.........................MAP-37

38 Lands and Realty

Rights-of-Ways and Other Land Use Authorization Exclusion and 

Avoidance Areas (excluding Renewable Energy): Alternative C...........

..................................................................................................MAP-38

39 Lands and Realty

Rights-of-Way and Other Land Use Authorization Exclusion and 

Avoidance Areas (excluding Renewable Energy): Alternative D

..................................................................................................MAP-39

40 Lands and Realty

Rights-of-Way and Other Land Use Authorization Exclusion and 

Avoidance Areas (excluding Renewable Energy): Alternative E ..........

..................................................................................................MAP-40

41 Lands and Realty Land Pattern Adjustment and Access.......................................MAP-41

42 ACECs and 

Proposed ACECs Area of Critical Environmental Concern: Ash Creek Divide ...MAP-42

43 ACECs and 

Proposed ACECs Area of Critical Environmental Concern: Bug Creek...............MAP-43

44 ACECs and 

Proposed ACECs Area of Critical Environmental Concern: Hell Creek...............MAP-44

45 ACECs and 

Proposed ACECs Area of Critical Environmental Concern: Sand Arroyo ...........MAP-45

46 ACECs and 

Proposed ACECs Flat Creek Area.........................................................................MAP-46

47 ACECs and 

Proposed ACECs Powderville Area ......................................................................MAP-47

48 Recreation Recreation Features ..................................................................MAP-48

49 SRMAs and 

Proposed SRMAs

Lewis and Clark Special Recreation Management Area and National 

Historic Trail ............................................................................MAP-49

50 Air Resources Air Quality: Nonattainment Counties.......................................MAP-50

51 Water 4th Order Watersheds (HUC 8)................................................MAP-51

52 Water Basin Closures and Controlled Groundwater Areas.................MAP-52

53 Vegetation Riparian: Proper Functioning Condition Ratings .....................MAP-53

54 Vegetation Riparian: Functional-at Risk and Nonfunctional ......................MAP-54

55 Fish and Wildlife Sport-fish Reservoirs................................................................MAP-55

56 Fish and Wildlife Big Game Crucial Winter Range ..............................................MAP-56

57 Fish and Wildlife Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep: Distribution and Proposed Restricted 

Grazing Area for Domestic Sheep and Goats...........................MAP-57

58 Fire 20-Year Fire Occurrence (1989–2009) within Fire Management Units

..................................................................................................MAP-58

59 Fire Vegetation Treatment Regions.................................................MAP-59

60 Paleontological 

Resources

Class 4 and 5 Potential Fossil Yield Category Geologic Formations

..................................................................................................MAP-60

61 VRM Visual Resource Inventory: Scenic Quality Ratings.................MAP-61

62 VRM Visual Resource Inventory: Sensitivity Levels.........................MAP-62

63 VRM Visual Resource Inventory: Distance Zones.............................MAP-63

64 VRM Contiguous BLM-administered Lands 5,000 Acres and Above

..................................................................................................MAP-64

65 VRM 2011 Wilderness Inventory Units.............................................MAP-65
VOLUME IV: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-IV-3 

VOLUME IV: MAPS

66 Wilderness 

Characteristics Lands With Wilderness Characteristics: Terry Badlands......... MAP-66

67 Wilderness 

Characteristics

Lands With Wilderness Characteristics: Devil’s Creek Common

.................................................................................................. MAP-67

68 Fire Fire Management Fire Regime and Condition Class................ MAP-68

69 Minerals Faults and Surficial Geologic Formations................................ MAP-69

70 Minerals Federal Mineral Ownership: Oil, Gas, and Coal ...................... MAP-70

71 Minerals Reasonably Foreseeable Development: Absaloka Coal Mine .. MAP-71

72 Minerals Reasonably Foreseeable Development: Colstrip Coal Mine .... MAP-72

73 Minerals Reasonably Foreseeable Development: North Ashland ........... MAP-73

74 Minerals Reasonably Foreseeable Development: Savage Coal Mine...... MAP-74

75 Minerals Reasonably Foreseeable Development: Spring Creek Coal Mine ...........

.................................................................................................. MAP-75

76 Minerals Coal Development Potential..................................................... MAP-76

77 Minerals Reasonably Foreseeable Development: Bentonite ................... MAP-77

78 Minerals Reasonably Foreseeable Development: Uranium..................... MAP-78

79 SRMAs and 

Proposed SRMAs

Special Recreation Management Areas: Calypso and Powder River 

Depot........................................................................................ MAP-79

80 SRMAs and 

Proposed SRMAs Dean S. Reservoir Recreation Area .......................................... MAP-80

81 Travel 

Management Travel Management Area: Hay Draw TMA............................. MAP-81

82 Travel 

Management Travel Management Area: Knowlton TMA ............................. MAP-82

83 SRMAs and 

Proposed SRMAs Howrey Island .......................................................................... MAP-83

84 SRMAs and 

Proposed SRMAs Matthews Recreation Area ....................................................... MAP-84

85 SRMAs and 

Proposed SRMAs Moorhead Recreation Area....................................................... MAP-85

86 SRMAs and 

Proposed SRMAs Strawberry Hill Recreation Area .............................................. MAP-86

87 SRMAs and 

Proposed SRMAs Pumpkin Creek Ranch and Recreation Area ............................ MAP-87

88 Renewable Energy Wind Energy Potential on BLM-administered Lands .............. MAP-88

89 Special 

Designation Areas Special Designation Areas........................................................ MAP-89

90 ACECs and 

Proposed ACECs

Area of Critical Environmental Concern: Black-footed Ferret

Reintroduction.......................................................................... MAP-90

91 ACECs and 

Proposed ACECs Area of Critical Environmental Concern: Finger Buttes .......... MAP-91

92 ACECs and 

Proposed ACECs Area of Critical Environmental Concern: Piping Plover.......... MAP-92

93 ACECs and 

Proposed ACECs Smoky Butte ............................................................................. MAP-93

94 Fluid Minerals Tectonic Features of the Planning Area.................................... MAP-94

95 Fluid Minerals Established Fields and United States Geological Survey Assessment 

Years in the Planning Area....................................................... MAP-95

96 Fluid Minerals Oil and Gas Unit Agreements and Approved Communitization 

Agreements in the Planning Area............................................. MAP-96

97 Fluid Minerals All Oil and Gas Well Locations in the Planning Area.............. MAP-97
VOLUME IV: TABLE OF CONTENTS 

TOC-IV-4 

VOLUME IV: MAPS

98 Fluid Minerals Top Five Gas and Oil-producing Fields in the Planning Area..MAP-98

99 Fluid Minerals Oil and Gas Assessment Units: Map Series 1 of 3 ...................MAP-99

100 Fluid Minerals Oil and Gas Assessment Units: Map Series 2 of 3 .................MAP-100

101 Fluid Minerals Oil and Gas Assessment Units: Map Series 3 of 3 .................MAP-101

MAP CD

Map 

Number Topic Title

16

Livestock 

Grazing/ 

Range

Grazing Allotments administered by the Miles City Field Office ................

........................................................................................ CD only/MAP-16

22 Fluid 

Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative A .......................... MAP-22

23 Fluid 

Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative B........................... MAP-23

24 Fluid 

Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative C........................... MAP-24

25 Fluid 

Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative D........................... MAP-25

26 Fluid 

Minerals Oil and Gas Leasing Restrictions: Alternative E ........................... MAP-26