Fox Hollow

Research Natural Area:

Guidebook Supplement 44

Reid Schuller

United States 

Department of 

Agriculture

Forest Service

Pacific Northwest 

Research Station

General Technical Report 

PNW-GTR-873

January 2013

DEPAR TMENT OF AGRICULT URE
Author

Reid Schuller is a plant ecologist, Western Stewardship Science Institute, P.O. Box 

1173, Bend, OR 97709. The Pacific Northwest Research Station is publishing this 

guidebook as part of a continuing series of guidebooks on federal research natural 

areas begun in 1972.

Cover photograph: Fox Hollow Research Natural Area. View of central, north-south 

trending ridge with Douglas-fir overstory and scattered, old-growth ponderosa pine. 

Photo by Reid Schuller.

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Abstract

Schuller, Reid. 2013. Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: guidebook supplement 44. 

Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-873. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 29 p. 

This guidebook describes Fox Hollow Research Natural Area (RNA), a 66-ha 

(163-ac) area that supports dry-site Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)–ponderosa 

pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest within the Oregon Coast Range ecoregion. Major 

forest plant associations represented at Fox Hollow RNA include Douglas-fir/

salal/western swordfern (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Gaultheria shallon/Polystichum 

munitum) forest and Douglas-fir/Oregongrape (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Berberis 

nervosa) forest. Other forested communities are represented within the RNA in 

minor amounts including: Douglas-fir/poison oak (Pseudotsuga menziesii/

Toxicodendron diversilobum) forest, ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir/California fescue 

(Pinus ponderosa-Pseudotsuga menziesii/Festuca californica) woodland, and 

ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir-California black oak (Pinus ponderosa-Pseudotsuga 

menziesii-Quercus kelloggii) woodland.

Keywords: research natural area, area of critical environmental concern, 

old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Douglas-fir/salal/western swordfern 

plant association (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Gaultheria shallon/Polystichum munitum) 

plant association, Douglas-fir/Oregongrape (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Berberis nervosa) 

plant association, Douglas-fir/poison oak (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Toxicodendron 

diversilobum) plant association, ponderosa pine–Douglas-fir/California fescue 

(Pinus ponderosa-Pseudotsuga menziesii/Festuca californica) woodland, and 

ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir-California black oak (Pinus ponderosa-Pseudotsuga 

menziesii-Quercus kelloggii) woodland.
Preface

The research natural area (RNA) described in this supplement1 is administered by 

the Eugene District, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Department of the 

Interior.

Fox Hollow RNA is part of a federal system2

 of natural areas established for 

research and educational purposes.3 Of the 183 federal RNAs established in Oregon 

and Washington, 45 are described in Federal Research Natural Areas in Oregon 

and Washington: a Guidebook for Scientists and Educators (see footnote 1). This 

report is a supplement to the guidebook. 

Each RNA is a site where elements4 are protected or managed for scientific 

purposes and natural processes are allowed to dominate. The objectives for establishing research natural areas are to:

• Maintain a wide spectrum of high-quality areas that represent the major 

forms of variability found in forest, shrubland, grassland, alpine, and natural situations that have scientific interest and importance that, in combination, form a national network of ecological areas for research, education, 

and maintenance of biological diversity.

• Preserve and maintain genetic diversity, including threatened, endangered, 

and sensitive species.

• Protect against human-caused environmental disruptions.

• Serve as reference areas for the study of natural ecological processes, 

including disturbance.

• Provide onsite and extension educational activities.

• Serve as baseline areas for measuring long-term ecological changes.

• Serve as control areas for comparing results from manipulative research.

• Monitor effects of resource management techniques and practices.

1 Supplement No. 43 to Franklin, J.F.; Hall, F.C.; Dyrness, C.T.; Maser, C. 1972. Federal 

research natural areas in Oregon and Washington: a guidebook for scientists and educators. 

Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and 

Range Experiment Station. 498 p.

2 Six federal agencies cooperate in this program in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Department 

of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park 

Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; U.S. Department of Energy; and U.S. 

Department of Defense. In addition, the federal agencies cooperate with state agencies and 

private organizations in Oregon and Washington in the Pacific Northwest Interagency Natural 

Area Committee. Taken from Wilson, T.M.; Schuller, R.; Holmes, R.; Pavola, C.; Fimbel, 

R.A.; McCain, C.N.; Gamon, J.G.; Speaks, P.; Seevers, J.I.; DeMeo, T.E.; Gibbons, S. 2009. 

Interagency strategy for the Pacific Northwest Natural Areas Network. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNWGTR-798. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest 

Research Station. 33 p.

3 Federal Committee on Ecological Reserves. 1977. A directory of the research natural areas on 

federal lands of the United States of America. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. <Irregular pagination>.

4 Elements are the basic units to be represented in a natural area system. An element may be an 

ecosystem, community, habitat, or organism. Taken from Dyrness, C.T.; Franklin, J.F.; Maser, 

C.; Cook, S.A.; Hall, J.D.; Faxon, G. 1975. Research natural area needs in the Pacific Northwest: 

a contribution to land-use planning. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-38. Portland, OR: U.S. Department 

of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 231 p.
The guiding principle in managing RNAs is to maintain natural ecological 

processes or conditions for which the site is designated. Activities that impair scientific or educational values are not permitted within RNAs. Management practices 

necessary to maintain or restore ecosystems may be allowed.5

Federal RNAs provide a unique system of publicly owned and protected 

examples of relatively unmodified ecosystems where scientists can conduct research 

with minimal interference and reasonable assurance that investments in long-term 

studies will not be lost to logging, land development, or similar activities. Scientists 

and educators wishing to visit or use Fox Hollow RNA for scientific or educational 

purposes should contact the Eugene BLM district office manager in advance and 

provide information about research or educational objectives, sampling procedures, 

and other prospective activities. Research projects, educational visits, and collection 

of specimens from the RNA all require prior approval. There may be limitations on 

research or educational activities.

A scientist or educator wishing to use the RNA is obligated to:

• Obtain permission from the appropriate administering agency before using 

the area (see footnote 2).

• Abide by the administering agency’s regulations governing use, including 

specific limitations on the type of research, sampling methods, and other 

procedures.

• Inform the administering agency on progress of the research, published 

results, and disposition of collected materials.

The purpose of this approval process is to:

• Ensure that the ecological integrity and scientific and educational values of 

the RNA are not compromised.

• Provide information to scientists about other research occurring on the 

RNA so that potential collaborations may be fostered and conflicts avoided. 

• Maintain records of research activities and research results to benefit the 

BLM, other agencies, and future researchers. 

Appropriate uses of RNAs are determined by the administering agency. 

Destructive analysis of vegetation is generally not allowed, nor are studies requiring extensive substrate modification such as extensive soil excavation. Collection 

of plant and animal specimens is generally restricted to voucher specimens or 

approved research activities. Under no circumstances may collecting significantly 

reduce species populations. Collecting must also be carried out in accordance with 

all other federal and state agency regulations. 

5 For a discussion of management direction and strategies which guide research natural area 

management, see Wilson, T.M.; Schuller, R.; Holmes, R.; Pavola, C.; Fimbel, R.A.; McCain, 

C.N.; Gamon, J.G.; Speaks, P.; Seevers, J.I.; DeMeo, T.E.; Gibbons, S. 2009. Interagency 

strategy for the Pacific Northwest Natural Areas Network. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-798. 

Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research 

Station. 33 p.
Contents

1 Introduction

2 Access and Accommodations

3 Environment

3 Climate

5 Vegetation

7 Fauna

10 Disturbance History

11 Research History

13 Maps 

13 Acknowledgments

13 English Equivalents

14 References 

17 Appendix 1: Plants

21 Appendix 2: Lichens

23 Appendix 3: Bryophytes

25 Appendix 4: Fungi

26 Appendix 5: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals
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Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Introduction

Fox Hollow Research Natural Area (RNA) is a 66-ha (163-ac) area located in Lane 

County, Oregon (fig. 1). The site was established in 1984 as an RNA (Curtis 1986), 

and the designation was reaffirmed by the Eugene District Resource Management 

Plan (USDI BLM 1995). A short guidebook was written for the area in 1986 (Curtis 

1986). Since that time, additional information has been compiled for the area, 

including surveys of lichens (Netlich and McCune 1995, Stone 2009) and bryophytes (Stone 2009), and long-term vegetation monitoring (Schuller and Greene 

2010). Preparation of a plant association guide for the westside central Oregon 

Cascade Range (McCain and Diaz 2002) provides an ecoregional framework from 

which native vegetation within the RNA may be evaluated. Publication of the 

Oregon Natural Areas Plan (ONHAC 2010) further elaborates upon the statewide 

significance of the biotic and physical features represented at Fox Hollow RNA. 

Bailey Hill Road

Lorane Hwy

Fox Hollow Road

McBeth

Road

Camas Swale Road

Eugene

Creswell

Fox Hollow RNA

Springfield

Fox

Hollow

Road

WI-5

Territorial

o Highway

0 5 10 Kilometers

126

Lorane Hwy

Spencer Creek Road

OREGON

Figure 1—Fox Hollow Research Natural Area (RNA) location and access.
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GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

Using General Land Office records, Christy et al. (2009) reconstructed vegetation 

structural conditions circa 1850, which provides an historical reference condition 

from which vegetation changes up to the present may be assessed.

The primary rationale for designation of this site as an RNA is that it is a highquality representation of dry-site Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)-ponderosa 

pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest within the Oregon Coast Range ecoregion (Dyrness 

et al. 1975) (see app. 1 for scientific and common names). The major forest plant 

associations represented at Fox Hollow RNA are further defined in the 2010 Natural 

Areas Plan (ONHAC 2010):

• Douglas-fir/salal/swordfern (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Gaultheria shallon/

Polystichum munitum) forest

• Douglas-fir/Oregon grape (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Berberis nervosa) forest

In addition, minor amounts of the following forest types also occur within the 

RNA (ONHAC 2010):

• Douglas-fir/poison oak (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Toxicodendron 

diversilobum) forest

• Ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir/California fescue (Pinus ponderosaPseudotsuga menziesii/Festuca californica) woodland

• Ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir-California black oak (Pinus ponderosaPseudotsuga menziesii-Quercus kelloggii) woodland

Access and Accommodations

The RNA is located in Section 9, Township 19 South, R 4 West, Willamette 

Meridian, in Lane County, Oregon. The site is approximately 11.3 km (7 mi) westnorthwest of the town of Creswell. To access the site from Eugene, proceed south 

on Bailey Hill Road to Lorane Highway. Take Lorane Highway south for 8 km (5 

mi) to Fox Hollow Road. Turn left on Fox Hollow Road and proceed east for 2.4 km 

(1.5 mi) and turn right onto Bureau of Land Management (BLM) road 19-4-4, and 

continue east for 2.4 km (1.5 mi) to BLM road 19-4-9.1. This dirt road has a locked 

gate. Park at the nearest turnout and walk east along 19-4-9.1 about 1.2 km (0.75 

mi), where the road ends at the southwest corner of the RNA (USDI BLM 1982a) 

(see fig. 3 on page 6). 

Prior to visiting the site, obtain permission to access the area for research or 

educational purposes at the BLM, Eugene District office in Springfield, Oregon. 

Maps and additional directions to the area are available at this office. Lodging is 

available in Eugene, Springfield, Cottage Grove, and Creswell, Oregon.
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Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Environment 

The tract occupies the west slope of a divide that separates the drainage basins of 

the Willamette River and the Siuslaw River at the boundary between the Oregon 

Coast Range ecoregion and the Willamette Valley ecoregion (ONHAC 2010, USDI 

BLM 1982a, 1982b). Elevations range from 244 m (800 ft) on the western boundary 

to 366 m (1,200 ft) adjacent to the eastern boundary. A series of west-trending spur 

ridges radiate off the western flank of a north-south-oriented ridgeline. North- and 

south-facing slopes extending off the spur ridges provide topographic variation and 

habitat diversity (fig. 2). Headwaters of several intermittent streams flow west from 

the north-south ridgeline through the RNA.

Geologically, the RNA is mapped as Eocene age Fisher Formation composed of 

nonmarine water-deposited tuffs and conglomerates (Orr and Orr 1999). Soils are 

predominantly Bellpine silty clay loam derived from weathered sedimentary rocks 

and pyroclastics. Bedrock lies 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 in) below the surface. These 

soils occur on nearly level ridgetops to approximately 50 percent slopes. Permeability is slow, runoff is medium, erosion hazard is moderate, and windthrow hazard is 

slight. All values increase on steeper slopes.

Three intermittent first- and second-order streams occur in west-facing ravines 

and periodically contain surface water (USDA NRCS 2011b, USDI BLM 2011). 

Climate

The climate is Mediterranean and is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, 

wet winters. From late fall through spring, unstable low-pressure air masses from 

the Pacific Ocean bring frequent storms, sometimes accompanied by high winds. 

Major windthrow damage occurs once or twice per decade. During the summer, 

stable high-pressure air masses bring generally clear skies and frequent temperature 

inversions. Temperatures are modified by the Pacific Ocean, in winter by its warming influence, and in summer by its cooling influence. Summer temperatures reduce 

relative humidity to 40 percent, and occasionally to 20 percent Evapotranspiration 

at this time far exceeds available soil moisture, leading to drought especially on 

south- and west-facing exposures (Curtis 1986, USDI BLM 1982a, 1982b, WRCC 

2011).

The nearest weather station is at the Eugene Airport, Oregon (352709), about 

32 km (20 mi) northwest of the RNA at a slightly lower elevation. Extended periods 

of cloudiness and heavy periods of precipitation occur during the winter. About 70 

percent of average annual precipitation falls from November through March. Precipitation occurs primarily as rain and averages 1145 mm (45.06 in) per year. Five 
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GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

Figure 2—Fox Hollow Research Natural Area (RNA) topography and boundary.
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Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

percent of the average annual precipitation falls from June through August (Curtis 

1986, WRCC 2010). Average annual snowfall is 152 mm (6 in). Climate parameters 

are in table 1.

Table 1—Temperature and precipitation summarya

Parameter Average

Minimum January temperature 0.8 °C (33.5 °F)

Maximum January temperature 7.9 °C (46.3 °F)

Minimum July temperature 10.8 °C (51.4 °F)

Maximum July temperature 28.0 °C (82.4 °F)

Annual precipitation 1145 mm (45.06 in)

June–August precipitation 63 mm (2.47 in)

a Period of record: 12/01/1939 to 12/31/2009—Eugene WSO Airport, Oregon (352709).

Vegetation 

The RNA is notable for dramatic differences in vegetation (fig. 3) occurring on its 

north- and south-facing slopes. A reconstruction of historical low- to mid-elevation 

forest conditions from the mid-19th century indicated the presence of (1) xeric 

Douglas-fir–chinquapin–Pacific madrone (“laurel”) (Pseudotsuga menziesii–

Chrysolepis chrysophylla–Arbutus menziesii) forest on south to west slopes and 

ridgetops, and (2) more mesic Douglas-fir–Western redcedar (Pseudotsuga 

menziesii–Thuja plicata) forest on north slopes and in ravines (Christy et al. 2009). 

Today, the RNA is dominated by old-growth Douglas-fir, with many ponderosa 

pines occurring on the drier south-facing slopes and on ridgetops. Incense cedar 

(Calocedrus decurrens), Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana), California black 

oak (Quercus kelloggii), and western yew (Taxus brevifolia) occur in varying 

amounts in the forest understory and subcanopy. Grand fir (Abies grandis) is 

actively reproducing under the Douglas-fir canopy, especially on north-facing 

slopes. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) is notably absent from the area.

Four patches of ponderosa pine occupy ridgetops and south-facing slopes. Two 

of the largest ponderosa pines have been aged at 176 years, measuring 98 cm d.b.h.1

and 183 years (112 cm d.b.h.). A slightly smaller Douglas-fir and incense cedar were 

aged at 145 and 143 years, respectively (Schuller and Green 2010).

Understory shrub cover on north-facing aspects includes vine maple (Acer 

circinatum), oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor), and Oregongrape. Ridgetops and 

southerly exposures are typically more sparsely vegetated, but often support greater 

plant species diversity. Typical dry-site shrubs include California hazelnut (Corylus 

cornuta var. californica), poison oak, oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor), and salal. 

1 “d.b.h.” refers to diameter at breast height, a measurement taken at 1.47 m above 

the ground.

The RNA is notable for 

dramatic differences in 

vegetation occurring 

on its north- and 

south-facing slopes.
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GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

Figure 3—Fox Hollow Research Natural Area (RNA) vegetation and hydrology.
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Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Herbaceous vegetation is represented by western swordfern and sweetcicely 

(Osmorhiza berteroi), especially on the more mesic sites. American trailplant 

(Adenocaulon bicolor), twinflower (Linnaea borealis), snowqueen (Synthyris 

reniformis), broadleaf starflower (Trientalis borealis ssp. latifolia), and bedstraw 

(Galium spp.) characterize the herbaceous layer in slightly drier conditions. Grasses 

occur frequently, but with low cover. Typical species are western fescue (Festuca 

occidentalis) and Alaska oniongrass (Melica subulata) (table 2).

Four, 1000-m2 (0.247 ac) circular plots were established in 2000 and remeasured in 2010 to monitor change in vegetation structure and composition over time 

(table 2). Data were also used to classify plot vegetation into forest plant associations2

 (Schuller and Greene 2010). Plots were located within the Douglas-fir/

poison oak association and the Douglas-fir/oceanspray-snowberry association (table 

2). Figure 4 shows a representative example of grand fir regeneration beneath a 

Douglas-fir canopy on an upper-elevation bench. More mesic conditions support 

a dense shrub layer that includes California hazelnut and oceanspray, along with 

western swordfern (fig. 5). Slightly more xeric sites within the RNA are dominated 

by Douglas-fir and widely scattered, old-growth ponderosa pine. These areas have 

a low shrub cover; herbaceous species occur with a moderate cover and higher 

diversity (fig. 6). 

Scientific and common names for vascular plants, lichens, bryophytes, and 

fungi known to occur within the RNA are listed in appendixes 1, 2, 3, and 4, 

respectively.

Fauna

Amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals known or expected to occur within the 

tract are listed in appendix 5. These lists have been derived from field observation 

(Curtis 1986, Maser 1973), published literature (Csuti et al. 1997) and on the species 

distribution, life history characteristics, and availability of habitat within the RNA.

2 Plant associations are named based on a combination of the dominant life form plus the 

characteristic or dominant plant species in the various plant layers (trees, shrubs, and 

herbs). Plant association acronyms are a shorthand form for communicating the plant 

association name. Each acronym is made up of the first two letters of the genus name of the 

dominant or characteristic species within a layer, and combined with the first two letters of 

the specific epithet of the species (e.g., Pseudotsuga menziesii is shortened to PSME). Plant 

associations are generally defined by the dominant or characteristic species which occupies 

or has the biological potential to occupy the uppermost vegetation layer. In forested plant 

associations, this is the tree layer. Additional names are used for understory layers when 

they contain dominant, characteristic, or diagnostic species (e.g., Douglas-fir/Oregongrapesalal (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Berberis nervosa-Gaultheria shallon). Life form layers are 

separated by a slash (/). Co-dominants within a layer are separated by a hyphen (-).
8

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873 Table 2—Plant association, understory coverage, and frequency of four forest plots in Fox Hollow Research Natural Area Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 PSME/TODIa PSME/TODI PSME/TODI PSME/HODI-SYMPH Frequencyb Cover Frequency Cover Frequency Cover Frequency Cover

Bare ground 7 1

Coarse litter 7 4 4 +

Fine litter 100 100 100 98 100 97 100 98Moss 86 33 100 66 100 53 93 26

Lichen 82 5 75 3 79 5 89 6

Corylus cornuta var. californicac — 11 — 37 — 35

Toxicodendron diversilobum — 16 — 14 — 7

Holodiscus discolor — 9Symphoricarpos albus — 1 — 1 — 1Rosa gymnocarpa — 1 — +

Berberis nervosa — 7 — 1

Lonicera ciliosa — + — + — 3Adenocaulon bicolor 11 1 4 + 4 + 64 8Osmorhiza berteroi 11 1 14 1 11 1 43 1

Polystichum munitum 39 27 14 8 39 18Trientalis borealis ssp. latifolia 25 2 21 1 29 2 32 2

Festuca occidentalis 7 + 7 + 14 + 36 1Synthyris reniformis 36 1 32 1 25 2 14 +Melica subulata 21 + 25 + 61 1 54 1

Galium triflorum 18 + 18 + 21 + 4 +
9

Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Table 2—Plant association, understory coverage, and frequency of four forest plots in Fox Hollow Research Natural Area (continued)

Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4

PSME/TODIa PSME/TODI PSME/TODI PSME/HODI-SYMPH

Frequencyb Cover Frequency Cover Frequency Cover Frequency Cover

Galium trifidum ssp. columbianum 14 + 11 + 21 1 21 1

Sanicula crassicaulis 7 + 21 1 21 2

Linnaea borealis 11 + 11 3 11 1

Campanula scouleri 29 1 18 1Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata 21 1 25 1 4 +

Festuca subulata 11 + 14 1

Moehringa macrophylla 7 + 4 +

Bromus hordaceous 11 + 14 + 18 1

Iris tenax 7 + 7 + 4 +

Collomia heterophylla 14 1 4 +

Nemophila parviflora 11 + 21 1Ligusticum apiifolium 7 + 4 1Satureja douglasii 4 +Anisocarpus madioides 14 + 7 + 68 9

Cardamine pulcherrimum 14 + 14 +

Pteridium aquilinum 18 4

Cynoglossum grande 18 3

Festuca californica 14 2

a PSME = Pseudotsuga menziesii, TODI = Toxicodendron diversilobum, HODI = Holodiscus discolor, SYMPH = Symphoricarpos spp., + = trace (<0.5 percent foliar cover), — = not recorded.b Cover is expressed as percentage of foliar cover; frequency is expressed as percentage of relative frequency. Zero values are not included.c See appendix 1 for a listing of scientific and common names.
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GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

Disturbance History 

Prior to the 1970s, the tract was used for timber production and hunting. A 4.86 ha 

(12-ac) portion in the southwest corner of the RNA was clearcut and replanted in 

1967. In recent years, public recreational use in the vicinity of the site has increased. 

No active fire-suppression activity has occurred on the site, but long-term regionwide fire suppression may have altered the timing, size, and severity of wildfires 

within the landscape surrounding the RNA. In the long term, the continued absence 

of fire in the landscape and successional trends within the tract suggest that the 

trajectory of the RNA will follow one or two patterns, depending on aspect. On 

north-facing slopes, grand fir may gradually codominate with Douglas-fir and 

incense cedar. On south-facing slopes and on ridgelines, Douglas-fir may replace 

old-growth ponderosa pine, Oregon white oak, and California black oak. Eventual 

canopy closure on the drier, warmer southerly aspects would contribute to an 

overall decline in herbaceous plant diversity (USDI BLM 1982a and 1982b).

Figure 4—Grand fir regeneration beneath a Douglas-fir canopy on an upper elevation bench.

Reid Schuller
11

Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Figure 5—Mesic conditions support a dense shrub layer that includes California hazelnut and oceanspray with western 

swordfern as the dominant herbaceous ground cover.

Research History

The following research and monitoring projects have been undertaken within Fox 

Hollow RNA (Greene et al.1986, USDI BLM 1982a):

Carroll, G.C.; Carroll, F.E. 1978. Studies on the incidence of coniferous needle 

endophytes in the Pacific Northwest. 

Christy, J.A.; Alverson, E.R.; Dougherty, M.P.; Kolar, S.C.; Alton, C.W.; Hawes, 

S.M.; Hickman, G.; Hiebler, J.A.; Nielsen, E.M. 2009. Classification of historical 

vegetation in Oregon, as recorded by General Land Office surveyors. 

Cole, D. 1977. Ecosystem dynamics in the coniferous forests of the Willamette 

Valley, Oregon, U.S.A. 

Maser, C. 1973. A preliminary list of mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles of 

proposed Camas Swale, Fox Hollow, and Mohawk Research Natural Areas. 

Reid Schuller
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GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

McCain, C.; Diaz, N. 2002. Field guide to the forested plant association of the 

Northern Oregon Coast Range.

Neitlich, P.; McCune, B. 1995. Lichen diversity in the upper Willamette and 

Siuslaw watersheds.

Schuller, R.; Greene, S.; Sawtelle, N.; Downing, G.; Curtis, A.; Widmer, M. 2000. 

Unpublished monitoring data.

Schuller, R.; Greene, S. 2010. Unpublished monitoring data.

Stone, D. 2009. Fox Hollow RNA lichen and bryophyte survey.

White, D. 1974. Floristic list of proposed Camas Swale, Fox Hollow, and Mohawk 

Research Natural Areas. 

Figure 6—South-facing upper slope with old-growth ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir overstory. Note the sparse shrub cover 

with moderate herbaceous cover and high diversity.

Reid Schuller
13

Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Maps 

Maps applicable to Fox Hollow RNA: Topographic—Fox Hollow, Oregon, 7.5 

minute, 1:24,000 scale, 1984; Eugene BLM District transportation map, 1:63360 

[no date].

Acknowledgments

The following people merit recognition for their contributions. Jay Ruegger, 

geographic information system specialist, created the map in figure 1, and Chris 

Langdon, wildlife biologist, Upper Willamette Resource Area, Eugene District, 

BLM, reviewed and improved the list of animals in appendix 5. We also thank the 

three manuscript reviewers: Todd Wilson, wildlife biologist and research natural 

area coordinator, U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; Cindy 

McCain, forest ecologist, Siuslaw and Willamette National Forests; and Nancy 

Sawtelle, BLM Eugene District plant ecologist, for reviewing the manuscript. The 

project is funded through the BLM Eugene District and is administratively supported by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station.

English Equivalents

When you know: Multiply by: To find:

Millimeters (mm) 0.394 Inches 

Centimeters (cm) 0.394 Inches

Meters (m) 3.28 Feet

Kilometers (km) 0.621 Miles

Square meters (m2) 10.76 Square feet 

Hectares (ha) 2.47 Acres

Degrees Fahrenheit (°F) F-32/1.8 Degrees Celsius (°C)
14

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

References

Carroll, G.C.; Carroll, F.E. 1978. Studies on the incidence of coniferous needle 

endophytes in the Pacific Northwest. Canadian Journal of Botany. 56(24): 

3034–3043.

Christy, J.A.; Alverson, E.R.; Dougherty, M.P.; Kolar, S.C.; Alton, C.W.; 

Hawes, S.M.; Hickman, G.; Hiebler, J.A.; Nielsen, E.M. 2009. Classification 

of historical vegetation in Oregon, as recorded by General Land Office 

surveyors. Corvallis, OR: Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center, Oregon 

State University. 29 p.

Cole, D. 1977. Ecosystem dynamics in the coniferous forests of the Willamette 

Valley, Oregon, U.S.A. Journal of Biogeography. 4: 181–192.

Csuti, B.; Kimerling, A.J.; O’Neil, T.A.; Shaughnessy, M.M.; Gaines, E.P.; 

Huso, M.M.P. 1997. Atlas of Oregon wildlife. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State 

University Press. 427 p. + map.

Curtis, A. 1986. Fox Hollow Research Natural Area. In: Franklin, J.F.; Hall, 

F.C.; Dyrness, C.T.; and Maser, C., Federal research natural areas in Oregon 

and Washington: a guidebook for scientists and educators, supplement No. 22. 

Portland, OR: U.S. Department. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest 

Forest and Range Experiment Station. 19 p.

Esslinger, T.L. 2010. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous 

and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. Fargo, ND: North 

Dakota State University http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.

htm. (December 10, 2011).

Flora of North America. 1993+. Partial nomenclature of vascular plants, ferns, 

and fern allies within Oregon. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1. 

(December 10, 2011).

Greene, S.E.; Blinn, T.; Franklin, J.F. 1986. Research natural areas in Oregon 

and Washington: past and current research and related literature. Gen. Tech. Rep. 

PNW-GTR-197. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 

Pacific Northwest Research Station. 115 p.

Maser, C. 1973. Tentative list of mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles of 

proposed Camas Swale, Fox Hollow, and Mohawk Research Natural Areas. 

Unpublished report. On file with: Bureau of Land Management, Eugene District, 

3106 Pierce Parkway, Suite E, Springfield, OR 97477.
15

Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

McCain, C.; Diaz, N., eds. 2002. Field guide to the forested plant associations of 

the westside central Cascades of northwest Oregon. Tech. Pap. R6-NR-ECOLTP-02-02. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific 

Northwest Region. 250 p.

Mycobank. 2011. Fungal databases, nomenclature and species banks. http://www.

mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=101927. (December 13, 2011). 

Neitlich, P.; McCune, B. 1995. Lichen diversity in the upper Willamette and 

Siuslaw watersheds Eugene District Bureau of Land Management. Unpublished 

report. On file with: Bureau of Land Management, Eugene District, 3106 Pierce 

Parkway, Suite E, Springfield, OR 97477. 31 p.

Oregon Flora Project. 2010. The Oregon plant atlas. http://www.oregonflora.org/ 

oregonplantatlas.html. (December 1, 2011).

Oregon Natural Heritage Advisory Council [ONHAC]. 2010. Oregon Natural 

Areas Plan. Portland, OR: Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, Institute for 

Natural Resources, Portland State University. 198 p.

Orr, E.L.; Orr, W.N. 1999. Geology of Oregon. 2nd edition. Dubuque, IA: Kendall 

Hunt Publishing Company. 254 p.

Schuller, R.; Greene, S. 2010. Unpublished monitoring data. On file with: 

Bureau of Land Management, Eugene District, 3106 Pierce Parkway, Suite E, 

Springfield, OR 97477. 

Schuller, R.; Greene, S.; Sawtelle, N.; Downing, G.; Curtis, A.; Widmer, M. 

2000. Unpublished monitoring data. On file with: Bureau of Land Management, 

Eugene District, 3106 Pierce Parkway, Suite E, Springfield, OR 97477. 

Stone, D. 2009. Fox Hollow lichen and bryophyte survey forms. Unpublished 

manuscript. On file with: Bureau of Land Management, Eugene District, 3106 

Pierce Parkway, Suite E, Springfield, OR 97477. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service 

[USDA NRCS]. 2011a. Plants database. http://plants.usda.gov/java/.usda.gov/

java/. (December 11, 2011).

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service 

[USDA NRCS]. 2011b. Soil maps from Lane County, Oregon. http://

websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx. (December 14, 2011).
16

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management [USDI BLM]. 

1982a. Fox Hollow Research Natural Area—management plan. Unpublished 

manuscript. On file with: Bureau of Land Management, Eugene District, 3106 

Pierce Parkway, Suite E, Springfield, OR 97477. 

U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, [USDI BLM]. 

1982b. Fox Hollow Research Natural Area—environmental assessment. 

Unpublished manuscript. On file with: Bureau of Land Management, Eugene 

District, 3106 Pierce Parkway, Suite E, Springfield, OR 97477. 

U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, [USDI BLM]. 

1995. Record of decision and resource management plan, Eugene District. 

Springfield, Oregon. 263 p.

U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Eugene District 

[USDI BLM]. 2011. Unpublished manuscript. On file with: Bureau of Land 

Management, Eugene District, 3106 Pierce Parkway, Suite E, Springfield, OR 

97477. 

Western Regional Climate Center [WRCC]. 2011. Monthly climate summary for 

Eugene Airport (352709) 12/1/1939 to 12/31/2010. http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgibin/cliMAIN.pl?or2709. (November 29, 2011).

White, D. 1974. Floristic list of proposed Camas Swale, Fox Hollow, and Mohawk 

Research Natural Areas. Unpublished report. On file with: Bureau of Land 

Management, Eugene District, 3106 Pierce Parkway, Suite E, Springfield, OR 

97477. 

Wilson, T.M.; Schuller, R.; Holmes, R.; Pavola, C.; Fimbel, R.A.; McCain, 

C.N.; Gamon, J.G.; Speaks, P.; Seevers, J.I.; DeMeo, T.E.; Gibbons, S. 

2009. Interagency strategy for the Pacific Northwest Natural Areas Network. 

Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-798. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 33 p.
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Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Appendix 1—Plants1 2

Scientific name Common name 

Coniferous trees:

 Abies grandis (Dougl.) Forbes Grand fir

 Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin Incense cedar

 Pinus ponderosa Laws. & C. Laws. Ponderosa pine

 Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco. Douglas-fir

 Taxus brevifolia Nutt. Western yew

Deciduous trees >8 m (26.3 ft) tall:

 Acer macrophyllum Pursh Bigleaf maple

 Alnus rubra Bong. Red alder

 Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific madrone

 Chrysolepis chrysophylla (Dougl. ex Hook.) Hjelmq. Giant chinquapin

 Cornus nuttallii Aud. ex T. & G. Pacific dogwood

 Corylus cornuta L. var. californica (DC.) Sharp California hazelnut

 Crataegus douglasii Lindl. Black hawthorn

 Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon ash

 Quercus garryana Dougl. Oregon white oak

 Quercus kelloggii Newberry California black oak

Tall shrubs 2 m to 8 m (6.6 to 26.3 ft) tall:

 Acer circinatum Pursh Vine maple

 Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Saskatoon serviceberry

 Cornus sericea L. ssp. occidentalis (T. & G) Fosberg Western dogwood

 Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. Oceanspray

 Oemleria cerasiformis (T. & G. ex Hook. & Arn.) Landon Indian plum

 Philadelphus lewisii Pursh Lewis’ mock orange

 Physocarpus capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze Pacific ninebark

 Prunus avium (L.) L. Sweet cherry

 Rhamnus purshiana DC. Cascara

 Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler’s willow

Medium shrubs 0.5 m to 2 m (1.6 to 6.6 ft) tall:

 Berberis aquifolium Pursh Holly leaved barberry

 Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link. Scotch broom

 Gaultheria shallon Pursh Salal

 Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC. Orange honeysuckle

 Lonicera hispidula (Lindl.) Dougl. Pink honeysuckle

 Ribes sanguineum Pursh Redflower currant

 Rosa eglanteria L. Sweetbriar rose

 Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. Baldhip rose

 Rubus laciniatus Willd. Evergreen huckleberry

 Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex T. & G. Whitebark raspberry

 Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake Common snowberry

 Toxicodendron diversilobum (T. & G) Greene Pacific poison oak

 Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red huckleberry

 Viburnum ellipticum Hook. Common viburnum

Low shrubs < 0.5 m (1.6 ft) tall:

 Berberis nervosa Pursh Oregongrape

 Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. California dewberry

 Whipplea modesta Torr. Common whipplea
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GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

Scientific name Common name 

Ferns and allies:

 Adiantum pedatum L. Northern maidenhair

 Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. Common lady fern

 Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Brittle bladderfern

 Dryopteris arguta (Kaulf.) Watt. Coastal woodfern

 Polypodium glycyrrhiza DC. Eat. Licorice fern

 Polystichum munitum (Kaulf.) C. Presl Western swordfern

 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. Western brackenfern

Herbs:

 Achillea millefolium L. Common yarrow

 Achlys triphylla (Sm.) DC. Sweet after death

 Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. Red baneberry

 Adenocaulon bicolor Hook. American trailplant

 Anemone deltoidea Hook. Columbian windflower

 Anemone lyallii Britt. Lyall’s anemone

 Angelica arguta Nutt. Lyall’s angelica

 Aquilegia formosa Fisch. Western columbine

 Asarum caudatum Lindl. Wild ginger

 Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. Deltoid balsamroot

 Bellis perennis L. Lawn daisy

 Brodiaea elegans Hoover Harvest brodiaea

 Calochortus tolmiei Hook. & Arn. Tolmie star-tulip

 Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes Fairy slipper

 Campanula prenanthoides Dur. California harebell

 Campanula scouleri Hook. ex DC. Pale bellflower

 Cardamine nuttallii Greene var. nuttallii Palmate toothwort

 Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. Little western bittercress

 Centaurium umbellatum Gilig. European centaury

 Cerastium arvense L. Field chickweed

 Cerastium viscosum L. Sticky chickweed

 Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub Fireweed

 ssp. circumvagum (Mosq.) Hoch

 Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bartram Pipsissewa

 Circaea alpina L. Alpine circaea

 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. horridum Wimm. & Grab. Canada thistle

 Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull thistle

 Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. Miner’s lettuce

 Claytonia sibirica L. Siberian springbeauty

 Collinsia parviflora Lindl. Maiden blue eyed Mary

 Collomia heterophylla Hook. Variableleaf collomia

 Coptis laciniata Gray Cutleaf goldthread

 Corallorhiza maculata Raf. Summer coralroot

 Cryptantha intermedia (Gray) Greene Clearwater cryptantha

 Cynoglossum grande Dougl. Pacific hound’s tongue

 Daucus carota L. Queen Anne’s lace

 Delphinium menziesii DC. Menzies’ larkspur

 Dicentra formosa (Andr.) Walp. Pacific bleeding heart

 Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl Tall annual willowherb

 Epilobium minutum Lindl. ex Lehm. Chaparral willowherb

 Equisetum arvense L. Field horsetail
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Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Scientific name Common name 

 Equisetum hyemale L. Scouringrush horsetail 

 Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Giant horsetail

 Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes Common woolly sunflower

 Erythronium oregonum Applegate Giant white fawnlily

 Eurybia radulina (A. Gray) G.L. Nesom Roughleaf aster

 Fragaria vesca L. ssp. bracteata (A. Heller) Staudt Woodland strawberry

 Galium aparine L. Stickywilly

 Galium trifidum L. ssp. columbianum (Rydb.) Hultén Threepetal bedstraw

 Galium triflorum Michx. Sweet scented bedstraw

 Geranium molle L. Dovefoot geranium

 Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. Western rattlesnake plantain

 Hieracium albiflorum Hook. White hawkweed

 Hydrophyllum sp. Waterleaf

 Hypericum perforatum L. St. John’s wort

 Hypochaeris radicata L. Hairy cat’s-ear

 Iris chrysophylla Howell Yellowleaf iris

 Iris tenax Dougl. ex Lindl. Toughleaf iris

 Lathyrus nevadensis Wats. Sierra pea

 Lathyrus polyphyllus Nutt. Leafy pea

 Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Oxeye daisy

 Ligusticum apiifolium (Nutt. ex T. & G.) Gray Celeryleaf licoriceroot

 Lilium columbianum Leichtlin Columbia lily

 Linnaea borealis L. Twinflower

 Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. Heartleaf twayblade

 Lomatium utriculatum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose Common lomatium

 Lotus micranthus Benth. Desert deervetch

 Madia gracilis (Sm.) D.D. Keck Grassy tarweed

 Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link. Feathery false lily of the valley

 Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Desf. Starry false-Solomonseal

 Marah oreganus (T. & G.) Howell Wild cucumber

 Mimulus alsinoides Dougl. ex Benth. Wingstem monkeyflower

 Mimulus guttatus DC. Seep monkeyflower

 Mitella caulescens Nutt. Slightstemmed miterwort

 Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Fenzl Largeleaf sandwort

 Nemophila menziesii Hook. & Arn. Baby blue eyes

 Nemophila parviflora Dougl. ex Benth. Small-flowered nemophila

 Oenanthe sarmentosa Presl Water parsely

 Osmorhiza berteroi DC. Sweetcicely

 Oxalis suksdorfii Trel. Suksdorf woodsorrell 

 Phacelia nemoralis Greene Shade phacelia

 Piperia elegans (Lindl.) Rydb. ssp. elegans Elegant piperia

 Plectritis congesta (Lindl.) DC. Shortspur seablush

 Potentilla sp. Cinquefoil

 Prosartes smithii (Hook.) Utech, Shinwari & Kawano Large-flower fairybells

 Prunella vulgaris L. Self heal

 Psoralea physodes (Douglas ex Hook.) J. Grimes Forest scurfpea

 Ranunculus uncinatus D. Don Woodland buttercup

 Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl. ex Hook. Purple sanicle

 Sanicula crassicaulis Poepp. ex DC. Pacific blacksnakeroot

 Satureja douglasii (Benth.) Briq. Yerba buena
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GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

Scientific name Common name 

 Senecio jacobaea L. Tansy ragwort

 Sherardia arvensis L. Blue fieldmadder

 Stachys chamissonis Benth. var. cooleyae (A. Heller) Coastal hedgenettle

 G. Mulligan & D. Munro

 Stellaria sp. Starwort

 Synthyris reniformis (Dougl. ex Benth.) Benth. Snowqueen

 Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. ex Lindl. Bigflower tellima

 Thermopsis montana Nutt. Mountain goldenbanner

 Tiarella trifoliata L. Threeleaf foamflower

 Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. latifolia (Hook.) Hultén Broadleaf starflower

 Trifolium bifidum Gray Notchleaf clover

 Trifolium microdon Hook. & Arn. Thimble clover

 Trillium ovatum Pursh Pacific trillium

 Vancouveria hexandra (Hook.) Morr. & Dec. Inside-out flower

 Veronica arvensis L. Corn speedwell

 Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. American vetch

 Viola sempervirens Greene Evergreen violet

 Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt. California compassplant

Grasses, sedges, and rushes:

 Aira caryophyllaea L. Silver hairgrass

 Carex obnupta L.H. Bailey Slough sedge

 Carex sp. Sedge

 Cynosurus echinatus L. Bristly dogstail grass

 Elymus glaucus Buckl. Blue wildrye

 Festuca californica Vasey California fescue

 Festuca occidentalis Hook. Western fescue

 Festuca subulata Trin. Bearded fescue

 Holcus lanatus L. Common velvetgrass

 Juncus sp. Rush

 Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. ssp. multiflora Common woodrush

 Melica subulata (Griseb.) Scribn. Alaska oniongrass

 Poa trivialis L. Rough bluegrass

 Scirpus microcarpus J. Presl & C. Presl. Panicled bulrush

 Trisetum cernuum Trin. Nodding trisetum

1 Nomenclature for vascular plants, ferns, and fern-allies follows the Flora of North America (1993+) and the 

Oregon Flora Project Web site (2011).

2 Compiled from field observations (White 1974), Curtis (1986), and Schuller and Greene (2010).
21

Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Appendix 2—Lichens1 2

Species name Authorities

Macrolichens:

 Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach.

 Alectoria vancouverensis (Gyelnik) Gyelnik ex Brodo & D. Hawksw.

 Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.

 Bryoria fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.

 Bryoria friabilis Brodo & D. Hawksw.

 Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll.

 Chaenotheca furfuracea (L.) Tibell

 Chrysothrix sp. Mont.

 Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel

 Cladonia chlorophaea group (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Sprengel

 Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr.

 Cladonia furcata (Hudson) Schrader

 Cladonia ochrochlora Flörke

 Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.

 Cladonia subsquamosa Kremp.

 Cladonia transcendens (Vainio) Vainio

 Cladonia verruculosa (Vainio) Ahti

 Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach.

 Fuscopannaria pacifica P. M. Jørg.

 Hypogymnia enteromorpha (Ach.) Nyl.

 Hypogymnia imshaugii Krog

 Hypogymnia inactiva (Krog) Ohlsson

 Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.

 Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaerer) Hav.

 Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr.

 Leptogium gelatinosum (With.) J. R. Laundon

 Leptogium polycarpum P. M. Jørg. & Goward

 Leptogium tenuissimum group (Dickson) Körber

 Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue

 Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.

 Melanelia exasperatula (De Not.) O. Blanco et al.

 Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al.

 Nephroma helveticum Ach.

 Nephroma laevigatum Ach.

 Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach.

 Parmelia sulcata Taylor

 Peltigera britannica (Gyelnik) Holt.

 Peltigera collina (Ach.) Schrader

 Peltigera leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyelnik

 Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl.

 Peltigera neopolydactyla (Gyelnik) Gyelnik

 Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf

 Physica adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier

 Platismatia glauca (L.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.

 Platismatia herrei (Imshaug) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.

 Pseudocyphellaria anomala Brodo & Ahti
22

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

Species name Authorities

 Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis (Ach.) H. Magn.

 Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vainio

 Ramalina dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm.

 Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach.

 Ramalina thrausta (Ach.) Nyl.

 Sphaerophorus globosus (Hudson) Vainio

 Sphaerophorus tuckermanii Räsänen

 Sphaerophorus venerabilis Wedin, Högnabba & Goward

 Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale

 Tuckermannopsis orbata (Nyl.) M. J. Lai

 Usnea sp. Dill. ex Adans.

 Usnea filipendula group Stirton

 Usnea flavocardia Räsänen

 Usnea glabrata (Ach.) Vainio

 Usnea longissima Ach.

 Usnea scabrata (Ach.) Vainio

Crustose lichen:

 Ochrolechia oregonensis H. Magn.

1 Nomenclature for macrolichen and microlichen species follows Esslinger (2010).

2 Compiled from field surveys by Neitlich and McCune (1995) and Stone (2009).
23

Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Appendix 3—Bryophytes1 2

Scientific name and authorities Common name

Amphidium californicum (Hampe ex Müll. Hal.) Broth. California amphidium moss

Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. Antitrichia moss

Atrichum selwynii Austin Selwyn’s atrichum moss

Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dumort. —

Bryum sp. Bryum moss

Buxbaumia sp. Buxbaumia moss

Cephalozia lunulifolia (Dumort.) Dumort —

Chiloscyphus coadunatus (Sw.) R.M. Schust. & J.J. Engel —

Chiloscyphus pallescens (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Dumort. —

Chiloscyphus profundus (Nees) J.J. Engel & R.M. Schust. —

Claopodium bolanderi Best Bolander’s claopodium moss

Claopodium whippleanum (Sull.) Renauld & Cardot Whipple’s claopodium moss

Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. —

Dendroalsia abietina (Hook.) E. Britton Dendroalsia moss

Dicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. ex Milde Dicranoweisia moss

Dicranum howellii Renauld & Cardot Howell’s dicranum moss

Dicranum tauricum Sapeh. Dicranum

Didymodon sp. Didymodon moss

Didymodon fallax (Hedw.) R.H. Zander Didymodon moss

Ditrichum sp. Ditrichum moss

Epipterygium tozeri (Grev.) Lindb. Tozer’s epipterygium moss

Eurhynchium oreganum (Sull.) A. Jaeger Oregon eurhynchium moss

Eurhynchium praelongum (Hedw.) Schimp. Eurhynchium moss

Fissidens bryoides Hedw. Bryoid fissidens moss

Fissidens ventricosus Lesq. Fissidens moss

Frullania bolanderi Austin —

Frullania californica (Austin) A. Evans —

Frullania nisquallensis Sull. —

Homalothecium fulgescens (Mitt. ex Müll. Hal.) E. Lawton Tree mat homalothecium moss

Homalothecium nuttallii (Wilson) A. Jaeger Nuttall’s homalothecium moss

Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. Splendid feather moss

Hypnum circinale Hook. Hypnum moss

Isothecium cristatum (Hampe) H. Rob. Isothecium moss

Isothecium myosuroides Brid. Isothecium moss

Jungermannia sp. Jungermannia moss

Lepidozia reptans (L.) Dumort. —

Leucolepis acanthoneuron (Schwägr.) Lindb. Leucolepis umbrella moss

Lophocolea sp. —

Lophozia sp. —

Lophozia incisa (Schrad.) Dumort. —

Metaneckera menziesii (Hook.) Steere Menzies’ metaneckera moss

Neckera douglasii Hook. Douglas’ neckera moss

Orthotrichum consimile Mitt. Orthotrichum moss

Orthotrichum lyellii Hook. & Taylor Lyell’s orthotrichum moss

Plagiochila porelloides (Torr. ex Nees) Lindenb. —

Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) T. Kop. Plagiomnium moss

Plagiomnium venustum (Mitt.) T. Kop. Plagiomnium moss

Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. Toothed plagiothecium moss

Plagiothecium undulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. Undulate plagiothecium moss
24

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

Scientific name and authorities Common name

Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. Juniper polytrichum moss

Porella cordaeana (Huebener) Moore —

Porella navicularis (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lindb. —

Porotrichum bigelovii (Sull.) Kindb. Bigelow’s porotrichum moss

Porotrichum vancouveriense (Kindb.) H.A. Crum Vancouver porotrichum moss

Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans (Brid.) Z. Iwats. Elegant pseudotaxiphyllum moss

Racomitrium elongatum Ehrh. ex Frisvoll Elongate racomitrium moss

Radula complanata (L.) Dumort. —

Rhizomnium glabrescens (Kindb.) T. Kop. Rhizomnium moss

Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst. Rough goose neck moss

Riccardia latifrons (Lindb.) Lindb. —

Riccardia multifida (L.) A. Gray —

Riccia sp. —

Scapania bolanderi Austin —

Scapania undulata (L.) Dumort. —

Scleropodium obtusifolium (A. Jaeger) Kindb. Obtuseleaf scleropodium moss

Syntrichia laevipila Brid. —

Tetraphis pellucida Hedw. Tetraphis moss

Timmiella crassinervis (Hampe) L.F. Koch Timmiella moss

Trachybryum megaptilum (Sull.) Schof. Trachybryum moss

Weissia controversa Hedw. Controversial weissia moss

— = No common name available. 1 Nomenclature and common names follow USDI NRCS (2011a).

2 Compiled from field surveys by Stone (2009) and USDI BLM (2011).
25

Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Appendix 4—Fungi1 2

Scientific name Common name

Crucibulum crucibuliforme (Scop.) V.S. White —

Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. Red-belt conk

Galerina marginata (Batsch) Kühner Deadly galerina

Helvella compressa (Snyder) N.S. Weber Compressed elfin saddle

Helvella fibrosa (Wallr.) Korf Fibrous elfin saddle

Helvella maculata N.S. Weber Fluted brown elfin saddle

Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers Lion’s mane

Hygrocybe punicea (Fr.) P. Kumm. Scarlet waxy cap

Inocybe lilacina (Peck) Kauffman Lilac inocybe

Inocybe sororia Kauffman Corn silk inocybe

Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.) P. Kumm. Shaggy-stalked parasol

Lycoperdon marginatum Vittad. Peeling puffball

Marasmius plicatulus Peck Pleated marasmius

Naematoloma fasciculare (Huds.) P. Karst. Sulfur tuft

Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fries) Pat. Deer mushroom

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (Scop.) P. Karst. Toothed jelly fungus

Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. Variegated russula

Stropharia ambigua (Peck) Zeller Questionable stropharia

Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd Turkey tail

Tremella mesenterica (Schaeff.) Retz Witch’s butter

— = No common name available. 1 Nomenclature follows Mycobank (2011). 

2 Compiled from field surveys by USDI BLM (2011).
26

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

Appendix 5—Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals1 2 3

Family Scientific name Common name

Amphibians:

 Ambystomatidae Ambystoma gracile Northwestern salamander

Ambystoma macrodactylum Long-toed salamander

 Dicamptodontidae Dicamptodon tenebrosus Pacific giant salamander

 Plethodontidae Aneides ferreus Clouded salamander

Ensatina eschscholtzi Ensatina

Plethodon dunni Dunn’s salamander

Plethodon vehiculum Western redback

 Salamandridae Taricha granulosa Roughskin newt

 Bufonidae Bufo boreas Western toad

 Hylidae Pseudacris regilla Pacific treefrog

 Ranidae Rana aurora Red-legged frog

Reptiles: 

 Anguidae Elgaria coerulea Northern alligator lizard

Elgaria multicarinata Southern alligator lizard

 Scincidae Eumeces skiltonianus Western skink

 Boidae Charina bottae Rubber boa

 Colubridae Contia tenuis Sharptail snake

Diadophis punctatus Ringneck snake

Thamnophis elegans Western terrestrial garter snake

Thamnophis ordinoides Northwestern garter snake

Thamnophis sirtalis Common garter snake

 Iguanidae Sceloporus occidentalis Western fence lizard

Birds: 

 Cathartidae Cathartes aura Turkey vulture

 Accipitridae Accipiter cooperii Cooper’s hawk

Accipiter gentilis Northern goshawk

Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned hawk

Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed hawk

 Falconidae Falco columbarius Merlin

 Phasianidae Bonasa umbellus Ruffed grouse

Callipepla californica California quail

Dendragapus obscurus Blue grouse

Oreortyx pictus Mountain quail

 Columbidae Columba fasciata Band-tailed pigeon

Zenaida macroura Mourning dove

 Strigidae Aegolius acadicus Northern saw-whet owl

Asio otus Long-eared owl

Bubo virginianus Great horned owl

Glaucidium gnoma Northern pygmy-owl

Otus kennicottii Western screech-owl

Strix occidentalis caurina Northern spotted owl

Strix varia Barred owl

 Caprimulgidae Chordeiles minor Common nighthawk
27

Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Family Scientific name Common name

 Apodidae Chaetura vauxi Vaux’s swift

 Trochilidae Calypte anna Anna’s hummingbird

Selasphorus rufus Rufous hummingbird

 Picidae Colaptes auratus Northern flicker

Dryocopus pileatus Pileated woodpecker

Picoides pubescens Downy woodpecker

Picoides villosus Hairy woodpecker

Sphyrapicus ruber Red-breasted sapsucker

 Tyrannidae Contopus borealis Olive-sided flycatcher

Contopus sordidulus Western wood peewee

Empidonax hammondii Hammond’s flycatcher

Empidonax traillii Willow flycatcher

Tyrannus verticalis Western kingbird

 Hirundinidae Progne subis Purple martin

Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow

Tachycineta thalassina Violet-green swallow

 Corvidae Perisoreus Canadensis Gray jay

Cyanocitta stelleri Steller’s jay

Corvus brachyrhynchos American crow

Corvus corax Common raven

 Paridae Parus atricapillus Black-capped chickadee

Parus rufescens Chestnut-backed chickadee

 Aegithalidae Psaltriparus minimus Bushtit

 Sittidae Sitta canadensis Red-breasted nuthatch

Sitta caroliniensis White-breasted nuthatch

 Certhiidae Certhia americana Brown creeper

 Troglodytidae Thryomanes bewickii Bewick’s wren

Troglodytes troglodytes Winter wren

 Muscicapidae Catharus guttatus Hermit thrush

Catharus ustulatus Swainson’s thrush

Chamaea fasciata Wrentit

Ixoreus naevius Varied thrush

Regulus satrapa Golden-crowned kinglet

Sialia mexicana Western bluebird

Turdus migratorius American robin

 Bombycillidae Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar waxwing

 Vireonidae Vireo cassinii Cassin’s vireo

Vireo gilvus Warbling vireo

Vireo huttonii Hutton’s vireo

 Emberizidae Dendroica coronate Yellow-rumped warbler

Dendroica nigrescens Black-throated gray warbler

Dendroica occidentalis Hermit warbler

Dendroica petechial Yellow warbler

Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed junco

Melospiza melodia Song sparrow

Molothrus ater Brown-headed cowbird

Oporornis tolmiei MacGillivray’s warbler
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GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-873

Family Scientific name Common name

Passerella iliaca Fox sparrow

Pheucticus meelanocephalus Black-headed grosbeak

Pipilo maculatus Spotted towhee

Piranga rubra Western tanager

Spizella passerine Chipping sparrow

Wilsonia pusilla Wilson’s warbler

Zonotrichia atricapilla Golden-crowned sparrow

Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned sparrow

 Fringillidae Carduelis pinus Pine siskin

Carduelis psaltria Lesser goldfinch

Carduelis tristis American goldfinch

Coccothraustes vespertinus Evening grosbeak

Loxia curvirostra Red crossbill

Mammals:

 Didelphidae Didelphis virginiana Virginia opossum

 Soricidae Sorex bendirii Marsh shrew

Sorex pacificus Pacific shrew

Sorex sonomae Fog shrew

Sorex trowbridgii Trowbridge’s shrew

 Talpidae Neuotrichus gibbsii Shrew-mole

Scapanus orarius Coast mole

 Vespertilionidae Eptesicus fuscus Big brown bat

Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired bat

Lasiurus cinereus Hoary bat

Myotis californicus California myotis

Myotis evotis Long-eared myotis

Myotis lucifigus Little brown bat

Myotis thysanodes Fringed myotis

Myotis volans Long-legged myotis

 Leporidae Sylvilagus bachmani Brush rabbit

 Sciuridae Glaucomys sabrinus Northern flying squirrel

Sciurus griseus Western gray squirrel

Tamias townsendii Townsend’s chipmunk

Tamiasciurus douglasii Douglas’ squirrel

 Muridae Clethrionomys californicus Western red-backed vole

Microtus logicaudus Long-tailed vole

Microtus oregoni Creeping vole

Microtus townsendii Townsend’s vole

Neotoma fuscipes Dusky-footed woodrat

Peromyscus maniculatus Deer mouse

Phenacomys albipes White-footed vole

Phenacomys longicaudus Red tree vole

 Dipodidae Zapus trinotatus Pacific jumping mouse

 Erethizontidae Erethizon dorsatum Common porcupine

 Castoridae Castor canadensis American beaver
29

Fox Hollow Research Natural Area: Guidebook Supplement 44

Family Scientific name Common name

 Canidae Canis latrans Coyote

Urocyon cinereoagrenteus Common gray fox

Vulpes vulpes Red fox

 Ursidae Ursus americanus Black bear

 Procyonidae Procyon lotor Common raccoon

 Mustelidae Mephitis mephitis Striped skunk

Mustela ermine Short-tailed weasel

Mustela frenata Long-tailed weasel

Spilogale gracilis Western spotted skunk

 Felidae Felis concolor Mountain lion

Lynx rufus Bobcat

 Cervidae Cervus elaphus Elk

Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Black-tailed deer

1 Compiled from field observations (Curtis 1986, Maser 1973), and from habitat descriptions and distribution maps in 

Csuti et al. 1997. 

2 Nomenclature taken from Csuti et al. 1997. 

3 Presence on list is based on known distribution, species’ life histories, and available habitat.

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