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## Test Procedure: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for External Power Supplies

November 21 st 

## , 2014 Jeremy Dommu Department of Energy Building Technologies Program EERE

- 2014

- BT

- TP

- 0043 battery_chargers_and_external_ power_supplies@ee.doe.gov2 

# Welcome

• Introductions (around the room)

• Role of the Facilitator

• Ground Rules

– Speak one at a time.

– Say your name for the record

– there will be a complete transcript of this meeting.

– Be concise

– share the ‘air

- time’.

– Keep the focus here

– cell phones on silent; limit sidebar conversations.

– Webinar participants turn phone on mute; “raise your hand” to be recognized to speak.



## • Housekeeping Items

• Agenda Review

• Opening Remarks3 

# Agenda
1) 9:00 AM Introductions 2) 9:15 AM Stakeholder Opening Statements 3) 9:30 AM Discussion on Proposed Amendments 4) 10:30 AM Break 5) 10:45 AM Continued

- Discussion on Proposed Amendments 6) 12:00 PM Conclusion4 

# Public Meeting Slides Topics

1 Introductions
2
3
4 EPS Definitions & Scope of Coverage

5 Measurement Accuracy and Precision

6 Testing Configuration

7 EPSs with Current Limits

8 Adaptive Charging EPSs

9 EPS Guidance Document
10 Conclusions Sampling Plan Optional 10% Loading & Power Factor Test5 

# Listening Via the Webcast

• The Department is broadcasting this meeting live over the Internet.

• DOE is providing the webcast to accommodate stakeholders who are unable to attend the public meeting in person.

• The web broadcast allows stakeholders to listen in and view the slides.

• All stakeholders are encouraged to submit written comments after the public meeting.6 

# Purpose of the Public Meeting

• Present DOE’s proposed amendments to the test procedure for External Power Supplies (EPSs)

• Invite comment on the notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) document

.

• Discuss next steps in the rulemaking.

• Invite participants to provide summary comments or statements and raise additional issues for discussion.7 

# Summary of Proposed Amendments

• Fundamental testing methodology remains the same

• Proposed amendments would not alter the measured efficiency of tested EPSs; rather, it would provide clarity on how to apply the test procedure in certain cases.
Summary of Proposed Amendments Harmonize resolution and measurement uncertainty requirements with latest version of IEC 62301 Define and clarify how to test Adaptive EPSs Clarify test set

- up to avoid the introduction of additional losses Clarify how to test EPSs that are not capable of measuring one or more loading conditions Add an optional test at 10% loading condition and measurement of power factor Update sampling plan to be applicable to all EPSs subject to standards8 

# Test Procedure and Standards Rulemaking Timeline

Milestone Date Direct Operation EPS Standards Final Rule February 10 , 2014 Notice of Proposed Rule

– EPS Test Procedure October 9 , 2014 Final Rule

– EPS Test Procedure Estimated: Summer 2015 Compliance with Direct Operation VI Standard February 10, 2016

• Public meeting on November 21, 2014

• W ritten comments due December 23, 2014

• Final Rule is expected to be issued by Summer 2015.

• Representations made 180 days after publication of final rule must be made in accordance with new test procedure, but may opt to use it earlier.

• Given this timing, certification to the new and amended standards will be made using the updated test procedure.9 

# Issues for Discussion

Issue boxes corresponds to the list of issues published at the end of the NOPR document, available at: http://www.regulations.gov/#! documentDetail;D=EERE

- 2014

- BT

- TP

- 0043

- 0001 Issue Box: DOE welcomes comments, data, and information concerning its proposed amendments to the test procedure for external power supplies. Issues that correspond to those raised in DOE’s published material will be numbered in accordance with that material. Whether invited by an issue box or not, comments are welcome on any part of DOE’s analysis.10 

# Opening Remarks

Meeting participants are invited to provide opening remarks or statements at this time.11 

# Public Meeting Slides Topics

1 Introductions
2
3
4 EPS Definitions & Scope of Coverage

5 Measurement Accuracy and Precision

6 Testing Configuration

7 EPSs with Current Limits

8 Adaptive Charging EPSs

9 EPS Guidance Document
10 Conclusions Sampling Plan Optional 10% Loading & Power Factor Test12 

# External Power Supplies

- Definitions

• External power supply means an external power supply circuit that is used to convert household electric current into DC current or lower

- voltage AC current to operate a consumer product

.
• Class A external power supply means a device that

—

• i s designed to convert line voltage AC input into lower voltage AC or DC output;

• i s able to convert to only one AC or DC output voltage at a time;

• i s sold with, or intended to be used with, a separate end

- use product that constitutes the primary load;

• i s contained in a separate physical enclosure from the end

- use product;

• i s connected to the end

- use product via a removable or hard

- wired male/female electrical connection, cable, cord, or other wiring; and

• h as nameplate output power that is less than or equal to 250 watts13 

# External Power Supplies

- Definitions

• Direct operation external power supply means an external power supply that can operate a consumer product that is not a battery charger without the assistance of a battery

.
• Indirect operation external power supply means an external power supply that cannot operate a consumer product that is not a battery charger without the assistance of a battery.

• The amended regulations pertain to direct operation EPSs, regardless of whether they are Class A. Indirect operation Class

- A EPSs must meet the standards established by EISA.

Class

- A EPS Non

- Class A EPS
Direct Operation EPS Level VI Level VI 

### Indirect Operation EPS Level IV No Standards14 

# Indirect and Direct Operation EPSs

• T he definition of an indirect operation EPS includes the method to determine whether an EPS is an indirect operation EPS: 1. If batteries are removable, remove them and attempt to operate the product off mains power. If it cannot operate, it is indirect operation. 2. If the batteries cannot be removed, then the time necessary for a product in “off

– mode” to turn on and become operational should be recorded when (1) the battery is completely charged and (2) when the battery is completely discharged. 3. If the difference in these two conditions is greater than 5 seconds, then the EPS is an indirect operation EPS



### • DOE proposes to modify the definition of an indirect operation EPS to specify that an indirect operation EPS: 1. cannot operate a consumer product (that is not a battery charger) without the assistance of a battery or; 2. solely provides power to a battery charger that is contained in a separate physical enclosure from the end

- use product.15 

# Scope
– Indirect and Direct Operation EPSs

• Stakeholders have inquired as to whether an EPS that can be used with multiple end

- use applications, some of which are operated directly and some operated indirectly

– would be treated by DOE as an indirect or direct operation EPS.

• So long as the EPS can operate any consumer product directly, even if that EPS is only capable of operating the consumer product it ships with indirectly, then DOE would still consider that EPS to be a direct operation EPS.

Issue: DOE seeks comment on its proposed revision to the definition and applicability of “indirect operation external power supply.”16 

# Scope
– Power Over Ethernet ( PoE ) Adaptors

• PoE describes a system which passes electrical power along with data on Ethernet cabling allowing a single cable to provide both data connection and electrical power.

• An EPS may be considered a Class A EPS if it connects to the end

- use application using any type of electrical connection, cable, cord, or other wiring, including both removable and hard

- wired connections.

• An Ethernet cable meets these criteria, so an EPS that connects to the end

- use product via an Ethernet cable would still be considered a Class A EPS if it meets the other five criteria of the Class A EPS definition.17 

## Scope
– Security or Life Safety Alarm or Surveillance Systems

• Under 42 U.S.C. 6295(u)(3)(E), an EPS that: 1. is an AC

- to

- AC EPS; 2. has a nameplate output of 20 watts or more, and; 3. is certified to the Secretary as being designed to be connected to a security or life safety alarm or surveillance system component does not have the meet the no

- load mode requirements.

• A security or life safety alarm or surveillance system means equipment designed and marketed to perform certain functions on a continuous basis, such as: 1. monitoring intrusion to real property 2. providing notification of threats to life safety or physical property 3. controlling access to real property or physical assets 4. P reventing unauthorized removal of physical assets

• The term “security or life safety alarm or surveillance system” does not include any product with a principal function other than life safety, security, or surveillance that is designed and marketed with a built

- in alarm or theft

- deterrent feature or does not operate necessarily and continuously in active mode.

• Examples of products with principal functions other than life safety, security, or surveillance include:

• landscape lighting with motion sensors

• video cameras

• smart phones with theft deterrent features18 

# Scope
– One AC or DC Output Voltage at the Same Time

• Class A EPSs are “designed to convert to only one AC or DC output voltage at a time.”

• This requirement is met if:

– An EPS can provide two or more outputs at the same voltage at the same time

– An EPS can provide two or more different output voltages, but not at the same time



## • This requirement would not be met if the EPS can provide two or more different lower

- voltage AC or DC output voltages. These EPSs are considered multi

- voltage EPSs.19 

## Scope
– Solid State Lighting (SSL)

• SSL products contain LED drivers and transformers that use constant current or constant voltage to drive LEDs with direct current (DC), or, sometimes, alternating current (AC).

• These components may otherwise meet the statutory definition of an EPS ( circuit used to convert household electric current into DC current or lower

- voltage AC current to operate a consumer product) , and may therefore be subject to the Class

- A and/or direct operation EPS standards.

• As stated in the EPS Standards Final Rule ( 79 FR 7845 , Feb 10, 2014) and in the EPS Test Procedure NOPR, DOE has determined that there are no technical differences between these components and EPSs, and that many of them would be subject to the applicable energy conservation standards.20 

# Scope
– Solid State Lighting (SSL) Examples

– In Scope

• Drivers/Transformers used with LED task lighting, desk lamps, landscape lighting Examples

– Out of Scope

• Drivers for fluorescent ballasts output higher voltage AC waveforms to ionize the gas inside the tubes and generate light.

• LED drivers contained directly within the luminaire.21 

# Public Meeting Slides Topics

1 Introductions
2
3
4 EPS Definitions & Scope of Coverage

5 Measurement Accuracy and Precision

6 Testing Configuration

7 EPSs with Current Limits

8 Adaptive Charging EPSs

9 EPS Guidance Document
10 Conclusions Sampling Plan Optional 10% Loading & Power Factor Test22 

# EPS Measurement Accuracy and Precision

• The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC ) published the 62301 standard for measuring the standby power of household appliances in June 2005.

• DOE adopted instrumentation and resolution measurement uncertainty requirements identical to those in the IEC 62301 standard in its test procedure final rule published June 1, 2011. (76 FR 31750)

• The second edition of IEC 62301, published in January 2011, made several revisions to the standard including:

• Refined test equipment specifications

• Clarifications to the measurement techniques required

• Revisions to the uncertainty determination method for measuring loads with high crest factors and/or low power factors

• DOE is proposing to incorporate by reference the resolution parameters for power measurements and uncertainty methodologies in the second edition of IEC 62301 for the application of testing EPS energy consumption.

Issue: DOE seeks comment on its proposal to incorporate the accuracy and precision requirements found in the current version of IEC 62301 (2nd ed.) as part of DOE’s EPS test procedure.23 

# Public Meeting Slides Topics

1 Introductions
2
3
4 EPS Definitions & Scope of Coverage

5 Measurement Accuracy and Precision

6 Testing Configuration

7 EPSs with Current Limits

8 Adaptive Charging EPSs

9 EPS Guidance Document
10 Conclusions Sampling Plan Optional 10% Loading & Power Factor Test24 

# EPS Testing Configuration

• DOE incorporated by reference certain sections of the California Energy Commission’s ( CEC) “ Test Method for Calculating the Energy Efficiency of Single

- Voltage External AC

- DC and AC

- AC Power Supplies” in its test procedure final rule published December 8, 2006. (71 FR 71340)

• Section 5 of the CEC test procedure, “Measurement Approach”, states:

“ Power supplies that are packaged for consumer use to power a product must be tested with the dc output cord supplied by the manufacturer. There are two options for connecting metering equipment to the output of this type of power supply: cut the cord immediately adjacent to the dc output connector, or attach leads and measure the efficiency from the output connector itself .”



## • This section, however, does not clearly outline how the voltmeter and ammeter connections should be made to ensure testing accuracy.25 

# EPS Testing Configuration

• DOE examined two test configurations based on different interpretations of the CEC test procedure and found that efficiency differed significantly.

25% Load 50% Load 75% Load 100% Load Average Active

Mode EfficiencySETUP #1*(LOSSY) Input Power (W) 10.37 20.57 30.89 41.36 Output Voltage (V) 11.69 11.12 10.37 9.83 Output Current (A) 0.75 1.5 2.25 3 Efficiency 84.5% 81.1% 75.5% 71.3% 78.1%SETUP #2*(LOSSLESS) Input Power (W) 10.37 20.57 30.89 41.36 Output Voltage (V) 12.01 11.85 11.6 11.53 Output Current (A) 0.75 1.5 2.25 3 Efficiency 86.9% 86.4% 84.5% 83.6% 85.3% Difference 2.3% 5.3% 9.0% 12.3% 7.2% 

### Lossy Lossless26 

# EPS Testing Configuration

• DOE proposes to amend section 4(a)( i ) of Appendix Z to require that any equipment necessary to measure the active

mode efficiency of a UUT at a specific loading condition must be directly connected to the output cable of the unit.

• This revision will serve to clearly outline the intended metering connections and ensure that any unintended losses in the test measurement introduced by the metering equipment are not included in the active

- mode efficiency calculation.

Issue: DOE seeks comment on its proposed clarification regarding the test set

- up.27 

# Public Meeting Slides Topics

1 Introductions
2
3
4 EPS Definitions & Scope of Coverage

5 Measurement Accuracy and Precision

6 Testing Configuration

7 EPSs with Current Limits

8 Adaptive Charging EPSs

9 EPS Guidance Document
10 Sampling Plan Optional 10% Loading & Power Factor Test

Conclusions28 

# EPS with Current Limits

• Average active

- mode efficiency is calculated using an average of the active

- mode efficiencies measured at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% the rated load of the EPS under test.

• DOE has become aware of certain EPSs that implement “hiccup protection” under specific loading conditions so it is not possible to measure the efficiency of that loading point.

• DOE is proposing to test only the loading conditions at which an EPS can maintain the necessary output current.

• DOE seeks to define “average active

- mode efficiency” within the test procedure as, “the average of the loading conditions (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of its nameplate output current) for which the EPS can sustain the output current”. 

### Issue: DOE seeks comment on the proposed method for testing EPSs with current limits.29 

# Public Meeting Slides Topics

1 Introductions
2
3
4 EPS Definitions & Scope of Coverage

5 Measurement Accuracy and Precision

6 Testing Configuration

7 EPSs with Current Limits

8 Adaptive Charging EPSs

9 EPS Guidance Document
10 Conclusions Sampling Plan Optional 10% Loading & Power Factor Test30 

# Adaptive EPSs

• Some EPSs have the ability to rapidly charge depleted batteries by boosting their output voltage during charging to reduce overall charging time.

• This “adaptive charging” relies on a specific communication protocol between the EPS and certain end

- use products.

• Absent this protocol, an “adaptive charging” (or “adaptive”) EPS may still be capable of charging other products without these adaptive charging features using the standard Universal Charging Solution.

• These types of EPSs are single

- voltage EPSs because they are able to convert line voltage AC input into only one lower voltage DC output at a time. Proposed Definition for Adaptive EPSs An adaptive external power supply means an external power supply that can alter its output voltage during active mode based on an established communication protocol with the end

- use application without any user

generated action.31 

# Efficiency Testing of Adaptive EPSs

• The test procedure should be able to capture the efficiencies at the various output conditions in which it will operates.

• DOE is proposing to test these EPSs once at the highest achievable output voltage that is utilized while communicating with a load and once at the lowest voltage regardless of the nameplate ratings. Proposed metrics to report to certify Adaptive EPSs 1. The average of the efficiencies recorded at the lowest voltage achieved during the charging cycle 2. The average of the efficiencies recorded at the highest voltage achieved during the charging cycle 3. Nameplate output power in watts 4. Output current in amperes 5. Highest and lowest achievable output voltage 6. No

- load mode power consumption in watts.32 

# No

- Load Testing of Adaptive EPSs

• DOE requires that an input power measurement taken at the 0% loading condition is measured and recorded as no

- load mode power consumption.

• T he test procedure for single

- voltage EPSs does not instruct technicians to explicitly remove any external loads or to put the EPS into “no

- load mode” in order to conduct the test at a 0% loading condition.

• DOE suspects that if the current demand is decreased to zero electronically, with the load still physically connected, that the output voltage may remain artificially high and impact the results of the no

- load power measurement when testing adaptive EPSs.

• The single

- voltage test procedure will be modified to state that any UUT must be in no

- load mode and any additional signal connections be disconnected before taking a measurement at 0% load.

Issue: DOE seeks comment on the proposal for defining, testing, and certifying adaptive external power supplies.33 

# Public Meeting Slides Topics

1 Introductions
2
3
4 EPS Definitions & Scope of Coverage

5 Measurement Accuracy and Precision

6 Testing Configuration

7 EPSs with Current Limits

8 Adaptive Charging EPSs

9 EPS Guidance Document
10 Conclusions Sampling Plan Optional 10% Loading & Power Factor Test34 

# EPS Sampling Plan

• For certification and compliance, manufacturers are required to rate each basic model according to the sampling provisions specified in 10 CFR 429 ( 429.37 of Subpart B of 10 CFR Part 429 for Class A EPSs)

• The recent energy conservation standards expanded the scope of regulation to Class A EPSs and direct operation EPSs that do not meet the Class A definition

– eliminating the need to differentiate between Class A and non

- Class A EPSs for the purposes of Part 429.

• DOE proposes to amend 429.37 so that the sampling plan, which currently applies only to Class A EPSs, would be applied to any EPS subject to energy conservation standards.

Issue: DOE seeks comment on creating a single sampling plan for both Class A and non

- Class A EPSs.35 

# Public Meeting Slides Topics

1 Introductions
2
3
4 EPS Definitions & Scope of Coverage

5 Measurement Accuracy and Precision

6 Testing Configuration

7 EPSs with Current Limits

8 Adaptive Charging EPSs

9 EPS Guidance Document
10 Conclusions Sampling Plan Optional 10% Loading & Power Factor Test36 

# Optional 10% Loading Test

• The current DOE test procedure does not consider EPS loading points below 25 % when calculating the average active

- mode efficiency.

• Smarter consumer products have lower operating loads and standby modes in the field, many of which fall below the 25% load threshold.

• DOE proposes to add a sixth, optional loading condition at 10% of the nameplate output current to the EPS test procedure.

Issue: DOE seeks comment on including an additional, optional loading condition at 10% of the rated nameplate output power of the unit under test in the EPS test procedure.37 

# Optional Power Factor Test

• Power factor is a relative measure of transmission losses between the power plant and an item plugged into AC mains (i.e. a wall outlet )

• The widespread adoption of switched

- mode power supplies and other non

- linear loads has brought overall system efficiency into consideration.

• DOE believes that in order to capture a representative average use cycle for EPSs, power factor should be examined at each loading condition

.
• DOE is proposing to include optional power factor measurements at each loading condition in the test procedure for EPSs.

Issue: DOE seeks comment on its proposal to optionally measure power factor at each loading condition.38 

# Public Meeting Slides Topics

1 Introductions
2
3
4 EPS Definitions & Scope of Coverage

5 Measurement Accuracy and Precision

6 Testing Configuration

7 EPSs with Current Limits

8 Adaptive Charging EPSs

9 EPS Guidance Document Conclusions 10 Sampling Plan Optional 10% Loading & Power Factor Test39 

# Guidance Document

– EPSs

• Draft Guidance Document on EPSs issued November 14

• Comments Due: December 15, 2014 to ExtPowerSupplies2014GUID0052@ee.doe.gov

• EPSs that are packaged with and used to operate commercial or industrial equipment that are of a type capable of operating a consumer product would be considered a covered product and possibly be subject to DOE’s energy conservation standards, without regard to whether that EPS was in fact distributed into commerce to operate a consumer product.

• Only EPSs that have identifiable design characteristics that would make them incapable of operating a consumer product would be considered to not meet the definition of an EPS

Issue: DOE welcomes comment on the clarifications provided in the guidance document on EPSs operated with commercial or industrial equipment.40 

# Public Meeting Slides Topics

1 Introductions
2
3
4 EPS Definitions

5 Measurement Accuracy and Precision

6 Testing Configuration

7 EPSs with Current Limits

8 Adaptive Charging EPSs

9 EPS Guidance Document
Conclusions 10 Sampling Plan Optional 10% Loading & Power Factor Test41 

# DOE Seeks Comment on its Test Procedure
In all correspondence, please include all of the following:

– Test Procedure for External Power Supplies

– Docket Number: 

## EERE

- 2014

- BT

- TP

- 0043

– Regulatory Identification Number (RIN): 1904

- AD36 

## Email: ExtPowerSupplies2014TP0043@ee.doe.gov

Comment period closes : December 23 rd 

## , 2014 Postal : Hand Delivery/Courier : Ms. Brenda Edwards U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE

- 2J 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585

- 0121 Ms. Brenda Edwards U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Program, Suite 600 950 L’Enfant Plaza, SW Washington, DC 20024 Tel: 202

- 586

- 294542 

# Relevant URLs
DOE Appliance Standards:

– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/index.html


## EPS DOE Product Website:

– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/productid /23 

## EPS Rulemaking Website:

– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/rulemaking.aspx?ruleid= 102 

## Rulemaking Docket (EERE

- 2014

- BT

- TP

- 0043):

– http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=EERE

- 2014

- BT

- TP

- 0043