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Open-File Report 2014–1018

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### Sea-Floor Geology in Northwestern Block Island Sound, Rhode Island 

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## Conversion Factors, Datum, and Abbreviations

| Title PageList of Figures**Conversion Factors**AbstractIntroduction SettingMethodsBathymetrySidescan SonarSedimentsBottom PhotographyGIS Data CatalogSummaryAcknowledgmentsReferencesContactsIndex
 SI to Inch/Pound 
MultiplyByTo obtainLengthmillimeter (mm) 0.03937inch (in.) centimeter (cm)0.3937inch (in.) meter (m)3.281foot (ft) meter (m)1.094yard (yd) kilometer (km)0.6214mile (mi)kilometer (km)0.5400mile, nautical (nmi) Areasquare meter (m²)10.76square foot (ft²)square kilometer (km²)0.3861square mile (mi²)
Phi-notation (Krumbein, 1934) as used in this report is defined as Φ = -log2 (d), where d is the grain diameter in millimeters. Phi-class intervals in millimeters are given in the data dictionary in the Sediments section of this report. 

The frequency of multibeam bathymetry is measured in kilohertz (kHz), 1,000 cycles per second. 

Horizontal coordinate information projected in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 19 is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83); horizontal information in geographic coordinates is referenced to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84). The vertical datum for tidal-zone measurements is mean lower low water (MLLW) [the average of the lower low water height of each tidal day observed over the national tidal datum epoch]. 
Abbreviations 
BASE -  bathymetry adjusted for statistical error 

 DGPS - differential  global positioning system

 FAQ - frequently  asked questions

 GCS - Geographic  Coordinate System

 GIS - geographic  information system

 HTML - Hyperlink  Text Markup Language

 kHz - kilohertz

 µm - micrometer

 MBES - multibeam echosounder

 MLLW - mean  lower low water

 NAD 83 - North  American Datum of 1983

 NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric  Administration

 RV - research  vessel

 SEABOSS - Seabed  Observation and Sampling System

 s - second

 USGS - U.S. Geological  Survey

 UTM - Universal  Transverse Mercator

 WGS 84 - World  Geodetic System of 1984

XML - Extensible Markup Language

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U.S. Department of the Interior |            U.S. Geological Survey                                                URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1018/html/conversion.html            Page Contact Information: GS Pubs Web Contact                        Page Last Modified: Friday, February 21, 2014, 12:18:46 PM |
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