Approved ode No. 101-Reprint 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

CLEANING AND DYEING 

TRADE 

D 

AS APPROVED ON NOVEMBER 8, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

WE DO OUR PART 

INCLUDES AMENDMENT NO. 1 

U !ITED STATES 

GOVER 'ME T PRI 'TING OFFlCE 

WA HINGTO : 1934 

. 1714-22 

For sale by the up rintendent of Documents, Was hington, D.C. - - - - - - - - Price 5 cents 
This publication is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government 

Printing Office, Washington, D.C., and by district offices of the Bureau of 

Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 

DISTRICT OFFICES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

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Birmingham, Ala. : 257 Federal Building. 

Boston, Mass. : 1801 Customhouse. 

Buffalo, N.Y.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Charleston, S.C.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Chicago, Ill.: Suite 1706, 201 North Wells Street. 

Cleveland, Ohio : Chamber of Commerce. 

Dallas, Tex. : Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Detroit, Mich.: 2213 First National Bank Building. 

Houston, Tex.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

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Jacksonville, Fla.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Kansas City, Mo.: 1028 Baltimore Avenue. 

Los Angeles, Calif.: 1163 South Broadway. 

Louisville, Ky.: 408 Federal Building. 

Memphis, Tenn. : 229 Federal Building. 

Minneapolis. Minn. : 213 Federal Building. 

New Orleans, La.: Room 2'25-A, Customhouse. 

New York, N.Y.: 734 Customhouse. 

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Philadelphia, Pa. : 933 Commercial Trust Building. 

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Portland, Oreg.: 215 New Post Office Building. 

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San Francisco, Calif.: 310 Customhouse. 

Seattle, Wash.: 809 Federal Building. 

(II) 
* 

Approved Code No. 101 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

CLEANING AND DYEING TRADE 

As Approved on November 8, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

. Executive Order 

An application having been duly made, pursuant to and in full 

compliance with the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recover Act approved June 16, 1933, for my approval of a Code of 

Fair Competition for the Cleaning and Dyeing Trade, and hearing 

having been held thereon and the Administrator having rendered 

his r port containing an analysis of the said code of fair competition 

too-ether with his recommendations and findings with re pect thereto, 

and the Admini trator having found that the said co ie of fair comp tition complies in all respect with the pertinent provi ion of 

Title I of aid Act and that the requirements of clau es (1) and (2) 

of ub ecti n (a) of se tion 3 of said Act have been met : 

N W THEREFORE, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Presid nt of the 

Unit d tat s, pur uant o the authority vested in me by Title I of 

th ational Indu trial R co very Act, approved June 16, 1933 and 

o h rwi e do adopt and approve the report, r ommendation an l 

findino- of the Administrator and do order hat the said code of fair 

competition be and is hereby approved. 

ppr al r omm nded : 

H H . J HN ON, 

dministrator. 

THE vv mTE H E 

Nov mber 8 1933. 

FRANKLIN D. R OSEVELT. 

* 11 pr vi ·i ns 0f this ode susp nded bv Ex cutlve Ord r No. 6723 approved May 26 

1034; exc pt pr vi ion governing child lab r, maximum hour of work and minimum 

rate of pay and the mandatory provi ion of ectioos 7 (a) and 10 (b) 'or the NIRA. 

98226•----1325-Sfi----34 (547) 
NoVEMBER 3, 1933. 

THE PRESIDENT' 

The TV hite House. 

Srn: I have the honor to submit and recommend £or your approval 

the Code o£ Fair Competition £or the Cleaning and Dyeing Trade. 

This Code was proposed by the National Association o£ Dyers and 

Cleaners and the National Association o£ Retail Tailors, Cleaners, 

and Dyers, Inc. 

The National Association o£ Dyers and Cleaners was founded in 

1907 and represents slightly more than 54 percent o£ their estimated 

total number o£ plant owners in the United States. In addition, as 

nearly as can be calculated, their membership represents over 70 

percent o£ the total with respect to number o£ employees, volume o£ 

business, and investment. Membership in this Association is limited to two groups, the retail plant owners and the wholesale plant 

owners. 

The National Association o£ Retail Tailors, Cleaners, and Dyers, 

Inc., which was organized on August 8, 1933, offers membership to a 

third group in the trade representing retail tailors who are not 

plant owners. This Association consisted o£ 41 affiliated trade bodies 

o£ retail tailors, approximating 45,000 members as o£ September 21, 

1933. Neither association imposes any inequitable restrictions on 

membership and the two associations combined are as near representative o£ the cleaning and dyeing trade as is possible to determine. 

The Code has the approval o£ the Industrial Advisory Board and 

the Legal Division. It has also the support o£ an overwhelming 

nn jority o£ plant owners and retail outlets in the cleaning and dyeing trade and the cooperation o£ officials o£ the American Home 

Economics Association. 

The I-Iearing was conducted in Washington on September 25 and 

26, 1933. Every person who filed a request £or an appearance was 

fully heard in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements. 

CONDITIONS IN THE INDUSTRY 

The trade has been harassed £or the past three years by cut-throat 

competition, which in many cases led to ·racketeering, brought about 

by slashing prices below cost, lowering wages, accompanied often by 

sweating labor, offering inferior quality and poor service. These 

conditions have almost completely demoralized the business o£ plant 

owners and have caused untold hardships to some 175,000 or more 

tailor shops serving as retail outlets £or the wholesale dry-cleaning 

plants. There are but few concerns in the trade who have any 

credit, and in many cases there are substantial amounts owed to labor 

for past due wages. Testimony at the H earing, £or example, brought 

out the fact that over $600,000 in wages are long past due to workers 

in the city of New York. 

(543) 
f th ha oc wr U<Yht in the cl aning and dyeing tra~~ is 

a ribut t ri ut in0 • artly due to cer ain n nue an mg 

ou of effi i nc bu primarily du to xploi in<Y labor an ren ering 

inf rior uality an r ic th public, a few operat r of cut-rate 

or ar in an ad an ag ou o i ion to cut pric and to draw 

olum away from th r plants at will. \Vitne the price war that 

ha tak n place o er h pa three year . The normal charge for 

cl aning and pre ing a mans suit or a woman s dress was $1.50 but 

un r pr · ure of k en competition from the e operator who enter d 

on an aggre i e campaign for volume of bu ine the price was graduall r uced to 29 cent ; and recently, by way of pecial prices", 

to 19 cents. The other retail tablishments, while forced to me t 

the competition to some extent, have not gone below 45 cents. Howev r. it i a ignificant fact that at this rate mo t of the retail establi hment are forced to operate at a loss. 

LABOR PROVISIONS 

~1aximum working hours are establi hed accordjng to classes of 

employee , con i tinb of 40 hours per week for plant employees and 

4 hours per week for engineer , firemen, and/or maintenance employees. In order to meet the requirements of the trade in peak 

ea ons a provi ion is made for a 45-hour maximum for the formermentioned employees and a 53-hour maximum for the latter, which is 

not to exceed 9 weeks in any 6 months' period. A maximum of 48 

hour a week is provided for clerk in retail outlets. It i e timated 

that on thi basi there will be an increase of 20 000 employees in the 

trade. 

The Code provides a minimum-wage scale for unskilled labor, 

t·anging from 27 cents to 33 cent an hour in the Northern area, depending upon population of citie , and 20 cents an hour in the 

outhern ar a. Ba ed upon an e timate, the propo ed minimum 

wages will result in an increa e of eleven million dollars per annum 

or 17 percent of th pre ent pay roll. 

It i provided al o that no one under the age of 17 shall be 

employed in he trade. 

MINIMUM-PRICE PROVI ION 

r n er 

In rd r to provi e a quat wag and a ur tan ard f quality 

for ervices rendered, the o uthori y is v ted with th power 
550 

to establish and prescribe fair and reasonable mm1mum wholesale 

and retail prices subject to the approval or disapproval of the 

Administrator. 

TRADE PRACTICES 

Certain practices now current in this trade have the effect of causing an unfair competitive advantage in favor of small groups. The 

trade has sought to eradjcate such practices by making them violations of this Code. 

Violence and intimidation have been used in the trade to coerce 

members into price maintenance. Section 17 of Article 7 is included 

to eliminate this among other types of coercion, through the quicker 

and more effective penalties granted under this Act.. 

ADMINISTRATION 

The provisions for administration of this Code are capable of providing the National Recovery Administration and the cleaning and 

dyeing trade with sufficient data to make recommendations for the 

limitation of certain provisions of the Code as herewith presented 

and/ or the addition of further provisions to this Code which would 

be beneficial to the trade as a whole. 

CONCLUSION 

I find that the Code complies in all respects with the pertinent 

prov1s10ns of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, including, without limitation, subsection (a) of Section 7, and sub ection (b) of Section 10 thereof. 

The National Association of Dyers and Cleaners and The National 

Association of Retail Tailors, Cleaners and Dyers, Inc., combined are 

truly representative of the cleaning and dyeing trade, and the bylaws of these associations provide no inequitable restrictions to 

membership. 

The Code is not designed to promote monopolies or to eliminate 

or oppress small enterprises and will not operate to discriminate 

against them, and will tend to effectuate the policy of Title I of the 

National Industrial Recovery Act. 

Accordingly, I hereby recommend the approval of the Code of Fair 

Competition for the Cleaning and Dyeing Trade. 

Respectfully, 

HUGH s. JOHNSON' 

Administrator. 
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

CLEANING AND DYEING TRADE 

ARTICLE I-PURPO E 

To effectuate the policie , of Title I of the National Industrial 

R overy Act the followin~ pro\ i ions are established as a Code of 

Fair omp tition for the Cleaning and Dyeing Trade and hall be 

th tandard of fair competition for such trade and shall be binding 

upon every member thereof. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

1. The term " cleaning and dyeing trade " as used herein includes 

all cleaning and d3 eing establishments. 2. The term "cleaning and dyeing establishment" as used herein 

include any place or vehicle where the service of drycleaning, wetcleaning as a process incidental to drycleaning, dyeing, spotting, 

andj or finishing any fabric is rendered for hire, or is sold, resold or 

offered for sale or re ale. The term does not, however~ include e tab- li hrnents where any such ervice is performed solely in the course of 

the original manufacture of fabrics. 

3. The term" fabric" as u ed herein means any article of w a>.·ing 

apparel (including hats), hou ehold furnishing, rug, textile, fur, and 

leather. 4. The term " drycleaning ' as used herein means the proce s of 

cleaning fabrics by immersion and agitation, or by jrnmersion only, 

in volatile solvent (including, but not by way of limitation, solvents 

of the petroleum di tillate type, the coal tar distillate type, and the 

chlorinated hydrocarbon type) and processes incidental thereto (including but without limitation, spotting, wetcleaning and fini hing). 

5. The term ' potting ' as use l herein mean the proce s de igned 

to remove spots or tains which remain in a fabric after it hu been 

subj cted to the other proce e of drycl aning. 

6. The term " fini hing " as u ed her in means the proce s of 

pr ing andjor re haping any fabric, which i de igned to re tore 

a nearly as po ible the shape, dimension , and contour of aid 

fabric. 

7. The term" cleaning plant" a.s used herein includes any cleaning 

an l d eing establi hm nt equipped to p rform drycleaning · he 

t rm ' plant owner " m an any m mber of the cleaning and dy ing 

trade by and/ or for whom a cl aning plant i operated . . The term r tail outl t ' a u d herein includ any cleaning 

and dyeing establi hment where dry cleaning is sold, or offered for 

ale, directly to the con umer; the term ' retailer ' means any member of the cleaning and dyeing rad b and/or when a retail outlet 

is operated. 

(551) 
552 

9. The term " member of the cleaning and dyeing trade " or 

" member of the trade " as used herein includes anyone engaged in 

the operation of a cleaning and dyeing establishment as above defined, 

either as an employer or in his own behalf. 

10. The term " employee " as used herein includes anyone engaged 

in the cleaning and dyeing trade, in any capacity, receiving compensation for his services, irrespective of the method of payment of such 

compensation. 

(a) The term" plant employee" as used herein includes any employee working in a cleaning plant who is actually engaged in dry 

cleaning and/or dyeing or any of the processes incidental thereto 

and/or is engaged in the maintenance of said plant (including, but 

without limitation, engineers, firemen, maintenance employees, and 

watchmen). 

(b) The term "clerk" as used herein includes any employee working 1n the office of a cleaning and dyeing establishment who is 

en9aged in work of a clerical, accounting, sales, or service character. 

~c) The term " route salesman " as used herein includes anyone 

~mployed by a member of the cleaning and dyeing trade on a salary 

and/or commission basis to solicit the sale of the dry-cleaning service 

of such member, call for fabrics to be dry-cleaned and/ or to deliver 

such fabrics, and/or to collect payment. 

(d) The term "executive" as used herein includes any employee 

responsible for the management of a business or of a recognized 

subdivision thereof. 

(e) The term " watchman " as used herein includes any employee 

engaged primarily in safeguarding the premises and property of a 

cleaning and dyeing establishment. 

11. The term" employer" as used herein includes anyone by whom 

such employee is compensated or employed. 

12. Population, for the purposes of this Code, shall be determined 

by reference to the Fifteenth Census of the United States (U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, 1930). 

13. The terms "President", "Act", and "Administrator" as used 

herein mean, respectively, the President of the United States, the 

National Industrial Recovery Act, and the Administrator of said 

Act. 

14. The term "Code Authority" as used herein means the national 

administrative agency of the cleaning and dyeing trade as established 

in Article VI of the Code. 

ARTICLE III-HoURs 

1. Except as hereinafter expressly stipulated otherwise-

( a) No engineer, fireman, and/or maintenance employee shall be 

permitted to work in excess of 48 hours in any one week. 

(b) No clerk employed by any retailer shall be permitted to work 

in excess of 48 hours in any one week. 

(c) No route salesman in cities of a population of 25,000 or more 

shall be permitted to work in excess of 48 hours in any one week. 

No route salesman in cities or towns less than a population of 25,000 

shall be permitted to work more than six ( 6) hours per week in 

excess of 48 hours. On or before December 31, 1933, the Code Au-
553 

nt r om men lati n t th A lministrat. r f furg v rnin · th h >Ur f r nt ·al ·m n · n 1, upon 

A lmini rat r ·u h r gulation hall b m 'tf c-

. t nt a if in rr rat l in thi 0 l . 

( l) o oth r mr 1 hall b' p rmitt. <1 to work in x · of 

40 hour in an on \Y 

-'-'· The maximum h fix d in th for going S cti n hall n t 

a ply t 

(a) \Vat hm n. 

(b) Ex ·nti Y rec 1 11 g a alary of $30 or more p r w ek, in 1 uding em player . 

(c) Emplo ees on mergency maintenance, or emergen y repair 

work involving breakdown , or prote tion of life or of prop rty, but 

in an su h pecial case at lea t V/3 times th normal rate ·hall be 

paid for hours worked in excess of the maximum hours her in 

pro ided. 

3. The maximum hour fix 1 in paragraphs (a) and ( l) of S ti n 

1 of this Article shall not apply during peak period to consi t of 

not more than nine (9) weeks prior to December 31, 1933, and of not 

more than nine ( 9) weeks in any six ( 6) months' period thereafter, 

provided, however, that in any six (6) months' period the average 

weekly hours of labor for employees covered in said paragraphs shall 

in no event exceed the maximum weekly hours prescribed in aid 

paragraphs. During uch peak periods no employee cov red in aid 

paragraph (a) hall be permitted to work in excess of fifty-three 

(53) hours in any one week, and no employee covered in said paragraph (d) hall be permitted to work in exce s of forty-five ( 45) 

hours in any one week. The provisions of this Section shall not 

apply wh re, by rea on of the exi tence of unutilized equipment in 

·uch plant and competent per onnel for employment, no hard hip 

would be impo ed on an employer by compliance with said paragraph (a) and (d). 

4. No retail outlet shall remain open or be operated on Sunday , 

or on national, state, or local holidays, or in excess of ixteen ( 16) 

hours on any Sa urday, or in excess of twelve (12) hour on any 

other day; p~ovided, ~1owever, that where a day of the we k oth r 

than Sunday 1 r cogmzed as th Sabbath Day by a retailer arFl uch 

retail~r reo-ularly k ep . his e tabli hm nt closed on such ay uch 

e tabhshment may rema1n open and be operated on Sun lay .-ubj -t, 

howev r, to tat and local laws and rdinanc . 

5. The hours f op ration for any retail outlet hall not b r du d 

below sixty-thr ( 63) hours in any week unl uch h ur w r 

less than ixty-thr e (63) hour r w k on Jun 1 19: an in 

that event th h ur · f perati n hall not reduc d at , ll fr m 

th weekly numb r th n in if t. 

6. No mploy hall I >rmitt 1 t ' rk m r than ix ( ) 

d y in any n (7) d y p ri d . 

. 7. twith ~an in th . . mp i ~1 from maximum b Jlll': provid d by cti n 2 (b) f tl1 \rtJ l uch ~ m i n h 11 not 

in any a ar I ly t m r han n w rk r (in d<.liti n t tho ~ 

c red by araQT ph ( ) and ( ) f tion 2 of hi Arti 1 ) 

for e ery fiv ( ) ' rk r r fra t.ion th r f. For the urpo e of 

98226°----132~ 65---- 34----2 
554 

this Section, the word "worker" shall be deemed to include employers, executives, and persons not receiving monetary wages, when 

such person are actually engaged in drycleaning and/ or dyeing 

or any of the processes incidental thereto. 

ARTICLE IV-WAGES 

1. For the purpose of prescribing proper standards as to mmimum rates of pay, the United States is divided into two (2) areas: 

(1) The Southern area, which shall include the states of Alabama, 

Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North 

Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee, and (2) the Northern area, 

which shall include the remainder of the United States, its territories, colonies, and possessions; provided, however, that where a 

local trade area falls partly in the Southern area and partly in the 

Northern area, the Code Authority shall have power, subject to review and approval by the Administrator, to authorize deviations 

from the boundary lines between the two area as above defined. 

2. No plant employee shall be paid at less than the following rates 

per hour: 

In the not·the'rn area 

Pet· hottr 

Zone 1-Cities over 500,000 population and their local trade 

areas ____ _______________ ______________________________ $0.33 

Zone 2-Cities between 100,000 and 500,000 population, not 

covered by Zone 1, and their local trade areas____________ . 30 

Zone 3-Cities of less than 100,000 population, not covered 

by Zones 1 and 2. and their local trade areas_____________ . 27 

In the southern area 

The entire area__________________________________________ .20 

3. No other employee shall be paid at less than the following rates 

per week: 

In the northern m·ea 

Pet· week 

Zone 1-Cities over 500,000 population and their local trade 

areas _________________________________________________ $14.00 

Zone 2-Cities between 100,000 and 500,000 population, not 

covered b:r Zone 1, and their local trade areas__________ 13. 50 

,Zone 3-Cities of less than 100,000 population, not covered 

by Zones 1 and 2, and their local trade areas____________ 13. 00 

In the southern area 

Zone 1-Cities over 500,000 p pulation and their local trade 

areas _____ ________ __ ______ ___ __ ________ __ _____ ______ __ $13.00 

Zone 2-Cities between 100,000 and 500,000 population, not 

covered by Zone 1, and their local trade areas__________ 12. 50 

Zone 3-Cities of less than 100,000 population, not covered 

by Zones 1 and 2, and their local trade areas_____ _______ 12. 00 

4. The extent .and boundaries of the local trade area mentioned in 

Sections 2 and 3 of this Article shall be as determined by the Code 

Authority under Section 3 (a) of Article VI, subject to the approval 

of the Administrator. 

5. Sections 2 and 3 of this Article establish minimum rates of 

pay, regardless of whether an employee is compensated on a time 

rate piecework, or other basis. These minimum rates of pay shall 

apply to common labor or other totally unskilled labor. 
" 

555 

wh e full-tim w -ekly h ur ar 

f the pro i ion of Article III of this C e, by l .::; th, n 

rcent (20% ) hall have hi· or h r full-time w kly arnjno- ~ r lu d. No mplo e whose fnll-time w kly hour ar retluc l by r ason of the provi ions of Article III of this Code, in 

'X of twenty p r ent (20%) shall have hi or her aid arninO' 

r lnced b more than fifty percent (50 % ) of the amount calculate l 

b~ rnultipl ina the reduction in hours by the hourly rate. 

7. Th wa 0 e and rate of pay of employees receiving more than 

th minimum waa and rates hereinabove pr cribed shall be readju t d so as to pre erve equitable differentials. On or before D emb r 31, 1933 the Code Authority hall inve tigate and make r comm ndations to the Admini trator with respect to the classification of 

mplo ee receiving above the said minimum wages and rat s of 

pa . 

. Female employees performing substantially the same work a 

male employees shall receive the same rate of pay as male employee '. 

9. No deduction from wages shall be made or permitted for the 

hou ing andjor boarding of any employee within a cleaning and 

dyeing establi hment. 

ARTICLE V-GENERAL LABOR PROVISIONS 
556 

· ..3. A representative of ernpl01.jees to be nmninated by the Labor 

Advisory B om·d and appointed by th Adndn ist1·at01·. " Their ter1n of office shall be fiwed by the Administrator ((fnd shall 

not exceed six months from the date of their respective appointments, and r·eappointments shall be made and vacancies shall be 

filled in the same mann-er as the original appoint?nent s. : "(b) The National I ndustrial R elations B oards shall harve the 

following powers and duties: · 1. To prescribe, subject to approval by the Adrnini t1·ator, methods 

for the selection of the em~ployees' representatives on the Local I n- dustrial R elatio118 Boards, such methods to ha1Je the app1·oval of the 

employees' representative of the National Board pr-ior to subn~ission 

to the Administrator. 

2. To assist in or·ganizing sa-id Boards, and in fra-ming sta.nda:rd 

by-lawrs and regUlations for the p1'ocedure of such Bom·ds. 

3. To {])SSume, or to delegate to any approp,·i.ate existing agency, 

any or all of the functions herein prescr·ibed for· the L ocal I ndJu.'3trial 

R elations Boards in any area in which stwh Boards have not b en 

appointed. 4. To review the action taken by an-y local B oard on any co·mplaint 

arising from any of the labm· pr·ovisions of this Code. 5. To offer t•heir services as arbitrator·s or their assistance in seC1..M'- ing arbitrators in any dispute or cmnplaint arising between ernploy- er's and employer;s; provided such disptde is voltmtarily sub1nitted to 

their arbitration by both such parties. 6. To pr·o1note a spir·it of cooper·ation between the ernployer·s anrl 

ernployees in this Trade. "(c) There shall be created Local I ndustrial R elations Boards as 

rapidly as p'racticable in the several local areas created by the Code 

Authority in Article VI, Section 3 (a) of the Code. These Boar·ds 

shall consist of an eq'Wal nurnber of rep-resentatives of mnployer·s anrl 

representatives of ernployees, the exact number in each area to b ' 

prescribed by the National Industrial Relations Board a;nd approved 

by the Adrninistrator. The ernployers' representatives of such 

Boards shall be selected by the Code Att-tlwri&y. Representatives of 

the ernp.Zoyees shall be truly representative of the ernployees in s·u.ch 

local area and shall be selected in a manner p1·escribed by the N a- tional Indu.strial R elation.s Boa:rd and approved by the Adrninistrator. These inembers of the Local I nd·ustrial Relations ·Boards 

may select an impartial chair1nan. "(d) The Local I ndtt-Strial R elations Boards shall have th e fol- low·ing po1lJ1ers 'and duties: 

1. To mediate atnd conciliate in respect of any tlisputes arisin[JI 

betw1een ernployers and employees. 

2. To hear and assist in adjusting any complaint arising fro·m 

any of the labor provisions of this Code. 3. To offer their· sm·vices as arbitr·ato1'8 or their assistance in. ecur- ing arbitrators in any dispute or cornplaint arising between employers and employees, p1•ovided stwh di pute is vol/Untarily stt.b- mitted to their arbitration by both su·ch parties. 4. To assist in promoting cooperation t~v en employers and 

ployees in this Trade.

1 

1 Italicized words added by Amendmen t No. 1, approved Apr. 19, 1934. 
h 7 

:RTICL"E VI-lDMINI TR TION 

1. The · o :Ie Authority is hereby con tituted the national admini - trativ a n y of the cleaninO' and d einO' trade, to cooperate with 

h \..dmini trator in the admini tration of this Code. 

2. The or ·anization and con titution of the Code Authority shall 

be a follow : 

(a) The Code Authority shall consist of ten (10) individuals to 

b elect d as hereinafter set forth. The President, in his discretion may appoint - additional members without vote to represent 

su h groups or governm ntal agencies as he may designate. 

(b) The Code Authority shall be elected by the following method: 

1. Three (3) retail plant-owners hall be appointed by the Board 

-of Directors of the National Association of Dyers and Cleaners. 

2. Three (3) wholesale plant-owners shall be appointed by the 

.Board of Directors of the National Association of Dyers and Cleaners. 

3. Three (3) retailers who are not plant-owners shall be appointed .by the Board of Directors of the National Association of Retail 

Tailors, Cleaners and Dyers, Inc. 

4. One (1) executive, without vote, who shall act as chairman, 

·shall be appointed, subject to the approval of the Administrator, .by a majority vote of the persons appointed under the preceding 

three ( 3) paragraphs. 

The foregoing persons shall be appointed immediately after the 

a: proval of this Code, and shall hold office until December 31, 1934, 

and thereafter until their successors are appointed and qualify. 

Their succe ors shall be appointed for a term of one ( 1) year on 

or before ·December 31st of each year, subject to the provisions of 

ection 2 (c) of the Act. Appointments of successors (which may 

include reappointments of original members) shall be made, and 

vacancies for unexpired terms may be filled, in the same manner ·and by the same agencies as the original appointments. 

(c) The following principles shall govern, so far as practicable, 

the voting riO'hts of the three (3) groups (retail plant-owner , 

whole ale plant-owners, and retailers who are not plant-owners) 

repr ented on the Code Authority: 

J. On any matter ad ver ely affecting any one of the three ( 3) ·gr ups, that grou.12 hall have a oice equal to the combined voice 

of the other two ( 2) TOUps. 

2. On anx matter affecting one (1) group and not affecting the 

oth r two (2) group the group affected shall have exclusive jurisdi ion ov r u h matter. 

(d) An trad a ociation participating in the selection of the 

C de Auth rity shall: 

1. Be and at all times continue to be truly r I r s ntative f he 

cl aning and dy ing trade, an / or the groups ther of who e r pr - ntativ s it (throuO"h its Board of Directors) appoints to th d 

Authority. 

2. Impose n ·in quitable r trictions on its m mb r hip and 

admit to memb r hip on equjtable t rms and conditions all memb rs of th grou r roup wh r pr sen ati it (through its 

Board of ire tor ) appoints to the ode Auth rity. 
558', 

3. Submit to the Administrator true copies of its articles of association, by-laws, regulations,. and any amendments when made 

thereto. 

4. Comply in all other respects with the provisions of the Act. 

After giving reasonable notice· and opportunity for hearing, and' 

upon finding that an association is guilty of a substantial violation of any of the foregoing obligations, the Administrator may 

cancel, in whole or in part, or restrict, or subject to appropriate 

conditions, any Lfurther exercise of such association's power of· 

appointment of representatives on the Code Authority. In the further event that, at such hearing- it appears that some other as~ociation is more truly representative of the group or groups theretofore· 

represented by an association found not to be truly representative,. the Administrator may designate such other association to succeed 

to and to exercise (through its Board of Directors) all or any part of 

the power of appointment previously exercised by the association 

found not to be truly representative. 

3. The Code Authority shall have the following further powers· and duties, the exercise of which shall be reported to the Administrator and shall be subject to his right on revie.w to disapprove or 

modify any action taken by the Code Authority: 

(a) To divide, and, if necessary, subdivide, the United States into 

such regions and local areas as, in its judgment, will best facilitate· 

the administration of this Code. (b) To appoint a representative of e1nployers to the Na-tional 

I ndustrial R elations Board and representatives of employers to all' 

local Industrial Relations Boards. 1 

(c) To establish and appoint local cleaning and dyeing Administrative Boards for each such region and local area and to delegate· to such Administrative Boards any of the· powers and duties reposed 

in it by this Code with respect to such regions and local areas, each 

such Administrative Board to be representative of the several groups 

comprising the cleaning and dyeing trade in its region or local area. 

and, where a representative consumers' organization exists in such 

region or local area, to include a representative of such organization 

without vote. 

(d) To choose from among its membership an Executive Committee of not more than five ( 5) persons who shall be representative 

of the groups composing the Code Authority, and, for intervals between meetings of the Code Authority, to delegate to such Executive 

Committee any of the powers and duties reposed in it by this Code. 

Meetings of the Code Authority shall be held not less than once a 

month, unless otherwise specified by the Administrator or his agent. 

(e) To delegate to the executive mentioned in paragraph (b), 4, 

of Section 2 of this Article any of the powers and duties reposed in 

it by this Code for intervals between meetings of the Code Authority 

and/ or of the Executive Committee. 

(f) To adopt and prescribe minimum standards of quality for each 

of the several types of service performed by the cleaning and dyeing 

1 Italicized words added by .Amendment No. 1, approved . .Apr. 19, 1934.. 
559 

trade and t this en to coop rat with a ommittee t b lected 

by th f llo in meth i: 

1. n (1) a i e m mb r of the National A o iation of Dy rs 

and I an r shall be appointed by the Board of Director of that 

a o iati n. 

2. On (1) per on hall be appointed by the American Hom Economi A" o iation. 

3. On (1) t hnician (who may be selected from without the 

tra i pr ferabl from th Unit d tates Bureau of Standard ) shall 

be a_r d upon by the two (2) per ons appointed under the preceding tw (2) subparagraphs or, in the event they fail to agree, by 

the dmini trat r. 

(a) To pr cribe uniform hours for opening and closin of retail 

outl ts for each r gion or locality, with due regard for the needs 

and cu toms of uch region and localities. 

(h) To e tabli h and prescribe fair and rea enable minimum 

whol ale and retail prices by regions and/or local areas, for the 

several services comprised within the definition of cleaning and dyeing; uch minimwn wholesale and retail prices to be sufficient to 

provide for carrying out the purpose of the Act, to be consistent with 

maintenance of the minimum standards of quality prescribed by the 

Code Authority, to enable the trade to maintain the payment of at 

least minimum wages herein established and other wages properly 

based thereon, the furnishing of stable employment neces ary to 

maintain the trade, and such other considerations reasonably pertinent thereto. 

Any minimum prices thus established may from time to time be 

increa ed or decreased by the Code Authority according to changing 

con litions. 

Inunediately after any such prices, increases, and/ or reductions 

have been approved by the Administrator, the Code Authority shall 

take such steps as are reasonably calculated to notify all members 

of the trade thereof. Such prices, increases, and/or reductions shall 

go into effect upon such date or dates as the Code Authority shall fix. 

(i) To determine, on the ba is of volume of business and/ or such 

other factors as may be deemed equitable to be taken into consideration (and subject to review by the Administrator), the rea enable 

share of the expen es of administration (including the expen es of 

all regional or local Admini trative Boards) for each of the groups 

of members of the trade represented on the Code Authority, and the 

rea enable hare of each member within each group, to receive such 

payment either directly or through the as ociations repre enting the 

se eral group and to make uch di burs ments and such di tribution 

of the roceed of such payments as are found nece ary to meet the 

expen of administration. 

(j) To make tudies and investigations of conditions and practices 

current in the trade; to aather statistics from gov rnm ntal and oth r 

agencie ; to r quire and collect from all member of the trade (in 

uch f rm it may pre cribe and with full prot ction to each m mber as to the confidential nature of the data) such information as is 

reasonably pertinent to the effectuation of the purpo es f the Act 

and of this ode, either on its own initiative or as required by the 
560 

Administrator; and to compile, tabulate, publish, and distribute re- ports based on such studies, investigations, statistics, and information. 

(k) Upon its own initiative or upon complaint of any person 

affected, to make investigation as to the functioning and observance 

of this Code, and to report the results of such investigation to the 

Administrator. 

(I) To cooperate with the Administrator in the establishment of 

an advisory council for all service trades, to consider, and advise 

with the Administrator on, matters of concern to two (2) or more 

service trades operating under separate codes of fair competition, and 

to appoint a representative of the cleaning and dyeing trade to such 

advisory council. 

( m) To furnish to government agencies such statistical information as the Administrator may deem necessary for the purposes 

recited in Section 3 (a) of the Act, in addition to the information 

required to be submitted to the Code Authority. 

4. Members of the cleaning and dyeing trade shall be entitled to 

make use of the National Recovery Administration insignia for said 

trade, and may participate in, and share, the benefits of the activities 

of the Code Authority by assenting to and complying with the requirements of this Code and by sustaining their reasonable share of 

the expenses of administration thereof as determined pursuant to 

paragraph (i) of Section 3 of this Article. 

ARTICLE VII-TRADE PRACTICES 

The following practices, by any member of the cleaning and dyeing trade, constitute unfair methods of competition and are 

prohibited: 

1. Misleading Advertising.-The use (or participation therein) or, 

the publication, or the broadcasting of any untrue, deceptive, or 

misleading statement, representation, or illustration, in connection 

wit~ and for the purpose of furthering the sale of cleaning or dyeing 

service. 

2. Defamation or Dispar(J)ge1nent of Oompetitors.-The false 

imputation to competitors of dishonorable conduct, of inability to 

perform contracts, and/or poor or questionable credit standing, and 

false representation concerning the grade or quality of the service 

rendered by competitors. 

3. Underselling Olaims.-Advertising which announces or lays 

claims to a policy or continuing practice on the part of the advertiser of generally or regularly underselling competitors. 

4. Misleading Guarantees.-Guarantees which are not specific as 

to the nature and extent of the guarantee or which for any reason 

are unenforceable against the guarantor. 

5. Disclaim.ers.-Attempts by stipulation to evade, limit, or nullify 

what would otherwise be the lawful responsibility of a member of 

the trade for articles left with him for cleaning or dyeing. 

6. Misrepresentation of Prices.-Representation of any prices or 

credit terms as "special" when they are in fact the regular prices 

and/ or credit terms of the person making such representation; also 

the creation of the implication that quoted prices apply to completely 

finished work when in fact they apply only to partially processed 

work. 
61 

·7. lling Below R egi011al P rice.-The sa]e of any cleaning or 

d} in s rvice in or for d li ry to or for re al in an region or 

lo alit at le than the minimum whol sale or r tail price (a the 

ca e rna be) for uch servi e, a established for uch r <Yion or local- i 3 under h pro i ion of Articl VI Section 3 (h) £ this ode . . Unfai?' 7ne1·chandi ing cle ices.-(a) The furni hing of free 

w rk t an one e:s: ept a bona fid chari . (b) The furni hing of free stora<Ye to cu to mer . (c) Th pa m nt of a commi ion or an oth r con ideration to 

an one not a member of th trade or re5 ularly emplo e l by a memb r of the tr.ade, for the elicitation or procurino of cleaning or 

dy in<Y work. 

(d) The u e of lotteries. ( ) The u e of coupon books discount coupons, or premiums. 

The provi ions of this paragraph shall not however, prohibit (1) 

givin<Y the purcha er an allowance or cash discount, not to exceed 

t o p rc nt (2%) in the form of ca h, book credits or promi e to 

pay here payment by the purchaser is made in cash on or before 

the tenth (lOth) of the month following date of purcha e or (2) 

he u e of coupon books, discount coupons, premiums, or certificates 

by a member of the trade who was using such coup<m books, discount coupons, premiums, or certificates on November 1, 1933, under 

a sub i ting and binding contract with a person not a member of the 

trade but only until the expiration of such contract, or (3) the use 

of coupon books or of discount coupons provided all of the members 

of the trade doing business in the same local area agree to such use, 

or ( 4) the u e of premiums or of certificates in connection with the 

ale of cleaning or dyein<Y ervices which provide to the buyer money, 

ood , or services having a resale value not in exce s of five per cent 

( 5%) of the minimum price of such cleaning and dyeing services, 

the amount of such re ale value to be added to such price established 

pur uant to Section 3 (h) of Article VI. 

9. Added Oharges.-The attempts to ecure an additional charge 

for the eradication of spots or tain after the member of the trade 

a o-re d to dry-clean them for a stated price. 

10. ecret R ebates.-The ecret payment or allowanc to any customer or to any employee of a cu tamer, of rebate refund remisions of pa t indebtedn , commi ions or discounts, whether in the 

form of money · or other"i e, including the exten ion to particular 

cu om~rs of special ervice or privilege , fal e invoicino- and rebates 

un lrr the gui e of allowance f r lo r, mi placed or lam aged articles. 

11. Imitation of Oompetitors.-The simulation or cop ing of a 

competitors st le of tore front, of signs or of ad erti ing, with the 

intention or havin the t nd ncy and capacity, of dec i in<Y the 

u t mer of u h comp itors. 

12. Coercion ?·n the ale ot Stock to Employees.-Co rcion of em- loye to purchase stock o an empl yer compan 1 a a condition 

t I tainin rr pa m nt f pa t-l 1 wa or f r any purr o e d icrned 

to ubstitute such pur ha in wh l r in 1 art f r full payment of aa . 

1 . elling B lo1 , tonrlnrd Quality.-Th ff ring an U r ale 

of any cl .anincr and/or d) 111 5 cr i e to the publi , b low th min-
562 

imum standards of quality for such service prescribed by the Code 

Authority, pursuant to the provisions of Article VI, Section 3 (f), of 

this Code. 

14. Posting of Insurance lnformation.-Failure to display in a 

conspicuous place a printed or written placard stating whether, to 

what extent, and against wha.t hazards fabrics left for cleaning 

and/or dyeing are protected by insurance for the benefit of the 

consumer. 

15. False or Misleading Staternents Concerning I nsuranoe.-False 

or misleading statements or representations by any means whatsoever as to the amount and/ or character of insurance carried for the 

benefit of the consumer on fabrics left for cleaning and/or dyeing. 

16. Accepting of Work from Solicitors.-Accepting of work fro1n 

a person who solicits cleaning and/or dyeing work and who is neither 

a member of the trade nor regularly employed by a member of the 

trade. The provisions of this Section shall not apply, however, to 

any such person where he engages in such solicitation under a contract with a plant owner, terminable on not less than six months' 

notice. 

17. Violence, I nti1nida1tion, or Unlawful 0 oercion.-(a) Any use 

of violence to per on or property, intimidation, or unlawful coercion 

by a member of the trade against a member of the trade. · 

(b) Any threat by a member of the trade ~o use such violence, 

intimidation, or unlawful coercion. 

(c) Any conspiracy among members of the trade, or among members of the trade and others, to use or to threaten to use such violence, 

intimidation, or unlawful coercion. 

(d) Any combining or cooperating by a member of the trade with 

anyone ':Vho is using or threatening to use such violence, intimidation, 

or coercwn. 

ARTICLE VIII-MoNOPOLIEs 

No provision of this Code shall be so applied as to permit monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppress, or discriminate against small enterprises. 

ARTICLE IX-MODIFICATION 

The President .Jinay from time to time cancel or modify any order, 

approval, license, rule, or regulation issued under the Act. 

ARTICLE X-EXEMPTIONS 

The provisions of this Code are subject to Paragraph 1 of Executive Order No. 6354, issued by the President on October 23, 1933, 

reading as follows : 

"The provisions of the President's Reemployment Agreement, 

issued July 27, 1933, shall not be held to apply to employers engaged 

only locally in retail trade or in local service industries (and not in 

a business in or affecting interstate commerce) who do not employ 

more than five persons and who are located in towns of less than 

2,500 population (according to the 1930 Federal Census) which are 

not in the immediate trade area of a city of larger population, 
563 

such employers ho have signed the Pre ident s 

R mplo m nt o-re ment d ire to continue to comply witl the 

t rm of aid aQ"r ment after the date of this order; and this release 

of uch emplo r who have heretofore signed the President's Remployment AoT m nt hall be :further xtended so as to rel a e 

t the a me e tent all u h emplo er ·of oblio-ations not voluntarily 

a umecl und r the provi ion of a ode of Fair Competition appro" d by the President. This ex mption is intended to relieve 

mall bu ine enterpri in mall towns :from fixed oblio-ations 

whi h mi0 ht impo e exceptional hard hip· but it is expected that all 

such enterpri es will conform to the :fulle t extent possible with the 

requirements which would be otherwise oblio-atory upon them." 

ARTICLE XI-EFFECTIVE DATE 

The effective date of this Code shall be the second Monday after 

the approval by the President. 

Approved Code No. 101. 

Registry No. 1714/22. 

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