II 

Calendar No. 389 

116TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 482 

To strengthen the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, to combat international cybercrime, and to impose additional sanctions with respect 

to the Russian Federation, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEBRUARY 13, 2019 

Mr. GRAHAM (for himself, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. GARDNER, Mr. CARDIN, and 

Mrs. SHAHEEN) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 

referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

DECEMBER 18, 2019 

Reported by Mr. RISCH, with an amendment 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL 

To strengthen the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, to 

combat international cybercrime, and to impose additional sanctions with respect to the Russian Federation, 

and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 


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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

2 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

3 ‘‘Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression 

4 Act of 2019’’. 

5 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

6 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Sense of Congress. 

Sec. 3. Statement of policy on Crimea. 

TITLE I—MATTERS RELATING TO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY 

ORGANIZATION 

Subtitle A—Opposition of the Senate to Withdrawal From NATO 

Sec. 101. Opposition of the Senate to withdrawal from North Atlantic Treaty. 

Sec. 102. Limitation on use of funds. 

Sec. 103. Authorization for Senate Legal Counsel to represent Senate in opposition to withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty. 

Sec. 104. Reporting requirement. 

Subtitle B—Strengthening the NATO Alliance 

Sec. 111. Report on NATO alliance resilience and United States diplomatic 

posture. 

Sec. 112. Expedited NATO excess defense articles transfer program. 

Sec. 113. Definitions. 

TITLE II—MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 

Subtitle A—Public Diplomacy Modernization 

Sec. 201. Avoiding duplication of programs and efforts. 

Sec. 202. Improving research and evaluation of public diplomacy. 

Subtitle B—Other Matters 

Sec. 211. Department of State responsibilities with respect to cyberspace policy. 

Sec. 212. Enhanced hiring authority for Department of State. 

Sec. 213. Sense of Congress. 

TITLE III—CHEMICAL WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION 

Sec. 301. Short title. 

Sec. 302. Findings. 

Sec. 303. Statement of policy. 

Sec. 304. Report on sanctions relating to use of chemical weapons by the Russian Federation. 

Sec. 305. Report on production and use of chemical and biological weapons by 

the Russian Federation. 

Sec. 306. Authorization of appropriations. 


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Sec. 307. Chemical Weapons Convention defined. 

TITLE IV—INTERNATIONAL CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT 

Sec. 401. Short title. 

Sec. 402. Predicate offenses. 

Sec. 403. Forfeiture. 

Sec. 404. Shutting down botnets. 

Sec. 405. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer. 

Sec. 406. Stopping trafficking in botnets; forfeiture. 

TITLE V—COMBATING ELECTION INTERFERENCE 

Sec. 501. Prohibition on interference with voting systems. 

Sec. 502. Inadmissibility of aliens seeking to interfere in United States elections. 

TITLE VI—SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN 

FEDERATION 

Subtitle A—Expansion of Countering America’s Adversaries Through 

Sanctions Act 

Sec. 601. Sense of Congress on role of sanctions. 

Sec. 602. Sanctions related to interference of the Russian Federation with 

democratic processes and elections. 

Sec. 603. Sanctions relating to the actions of the Russian Federation with respect to Ukraine. 

Sec. 604. Conforming and technical amendments. 

Sec. 605. Congressional review and continued applicability of sanctions under 

the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012. 

Subtitle B—Coordination With the European Union 

Sec. 611. Sense of Congress on coordination with allies with respect to sanctions with respect to the Russian Federation. 

Sec. 612. Office of Sanctions Coordination of the Department of State. 

Sec. 613. Report on coordination of sanctions between the United States and 

European Union. 

Subtitle C—Reports Relating to Sanctions With Respect to the Russian 

Federation 

Sec. 621. Definitions. 

Sec. 622. Updated report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the Russian 

Federation. 

Sec. 623. Report on section 224 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

Through Sanctions Act. 

Sec. 624. Report on section 225 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

Through Sanctions Act. 

Sec. 625. Report on section 226 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

Through Sanctions Act. 

Sec. 626. Report on section 228 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

Through Sanctions Act. 

Sec. 627. Report on section 233 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

Through Sanctions Act. 

Sec. 628. Report on section 234 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

Through Sanctions Act. 


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Subtitle D—General Provisions 

Sec. 641. Exception relating to activities of the National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration. 

Sec. 642. Rule of construction. 

TITLE VII—OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO THE RUSSIAN 

FEDERATION 

Sec. 701. Determination on designation of the Russian Federation as a state 

sponsor of terrorism. 

Sec. 702. Expansion of geographic targeting orders of Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 

Sec. 703. Extension of limitations on importation of uranium from Russian 

Federation. 

Sec. 704. Establishment of a National Fusion Center to respond to threats 

from the Government of the Russian Federation. 

Sec. 705. Countering Russian Influence Fund. 

Sec. 706. Coordinating aid and assistance across Europe and Eurasia. 

Sec. 707. Addressing abuse and misuse by the Russian Federation of 

INTERPOL red notices and red diffusions. 

Sec. 708. Report on accountability for war crimes and crimes against humanity 

by the Russian Federation in Syria. 

Sec. 709. Report on activities of the Russian Federation in Syria. 

Sec. 710. Report on the assassination of Boris Nemtsov. 

Sec. 711. Report on the personal net worth and assets of Vladimir Putin. 

Sec. 712. Sense of Congress on responsibility of technology companies for statesponsored disinformation. 

1 SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

2 It is the sense of Congress that— 

3 (1) the President should immediately marshal 

4 and support a whole-of-government response by Fed5 eral agencies to address the threat posed by the Gov6 ernment of the Russian Federation and to work to 

7 prevent interference by that Government and other 

8 foreign state actors in United States institutions and 

9 democratic processes; 

10 (2) the President should publicly call for the 

11 Government of the Russian Federation to return 

12 Crimea to the control of the Government of Ukraine, 

13 end its support for Russian-led forces violence in 


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1 eastern Ukraine, end its occupation of and support 

2 for Russian-led forces on the territory of Georgia 

3 and Moldova, and cease enabling the brutal regime 

4 of Bashar al-Assad in Syria to commit war crimes; 

5 (3) the Russian Federation should— 

6 (A) immediately release the Ukrainian sail7 ors that were detained following an attack by 

8 Russian forces on Ukrainian vessels in the 

9 Kerch Strait; and 

10 (B) abide by its commitments to freedom 

11 of navigation in international waters and allow 

12 for passage of Ukrainian vessels through the 

13 strait; 

14 (4) the President should unequivocally condemn 

15 and counter the ongoing interference in United 

16 States institutions and democratic processes by the 

17 President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir 

18 Putin, his government, and affiliates of his govern19 ment; 

20 (5) the conclusion of the United States intel21 ligence community and law enforcement agencies 

22 and other United States Government officials that 

23 the Russian Federation has perpetrated, and con24 tinues to perpetrate, such interference, is correct; 


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1 (6) the United States should continue to par2 ticipate actively as a member of the North Atlantic 

3 Treaty Organization by— 

4 (A) upholding the Organization’s core prin5 ciples of collective defense, democratic rule of 

6 law, and peaceful settlement of disputes; 

7 (B) boosting coordination and deterrence 

8 capacity among member countries; and 

9 (C) supporting accession processes of pro10 spective member countries who meet the obliga11 tions of membership; 

12 (7) Congress reiterates its strong support for 

13 the Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 

14 9511), which allows for congressional review of an 

15 action to waive the application of sanctions under 

16 the provisions of the Countering America’s Adver17 saries Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 

18 131 Stat. 886) relating to the Russian Federation or 

19 a licensing action that significantly alters United 

20 States foreign policy with regard to the Russian 

21 Federation; and 

22 (8) sanctions imposed with respect to the Rus23 sian Federation have been most effective when devel24 oped and coordinated in close consultation with the 

25 European Union. 


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1 SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON CRIMEA. 

2 It is the policy of the United States that— 

3 (1) the United States will never recognize the 

4 illegal attempted annexation of Crimea by the Rus5 sian Federation, similar to the 1940 Welles Declara6 tion in which the United States refused to recognize 

7 the Soviet annexation of the Baltic States; 

8 (2) Crimea is part of the sovereign territory of 

9 Ukraine; 

10 (3) Crimea is part of Ukraine and the United 

11 States rejects attempts to change the status, demo12 graphics, or political nature of Crimea; 

13 (4) the United States reaffirms its unwavering 

14 support for democracy, human rights, and the rule 

15 of law for all individuals in Crimea, including non16 Russian ethnic groups and religious minorities; 

17 (5) the United States condemns all human 

18 rights violations against individuals in Crimea, and 

19 underscores the culpability of the Government of the 

20 Russian Federation for such violations while the ter21 ritory of Crimea is under illegal Russian occupation; 

22 (6) the United States, in coordination with the 

23 European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organi24 zation, and members of the international commu25 nity, should prioritize efforts to prevent the further 

26 consolidation of illegal occupying powers in Crimea, 


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1 reaffirm unified opposition to the actions of the Rus2 sian Federation in Crimea, and secure the human 

3 rights of individuals there; and 

4 (7) the United States welcomes the sanctions 

5 that have been imposed and maintained as of the 

6 date of the enactment of this Act by the United 

7 States and the European Union against persons en8 gaged in furthering the illegal occupation of Crimea 

9 by the Russian Federation. 

10 TITLE I—MATTERS RELATING 

11 TO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY 

12 ORGANIZATION 

13 Subtitle A—Opposition of the 

14 Senate to Withdrawal From NATO 

15 SEC. 101. OPPOSITION OF THE SENATE TO WITHDRAWAL 

16 FROM NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY. 

17 The Senate opposes any effort to withdraw the 

18 United States from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at 

19 Washington, DC, April 4, 1949. 

20 SEC. 102. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS. 

21 No funds authorized or appropriated by any Act may 

22 be used to support, directly or indirectly, any efforts on 

23 the part of any United States Government official to take 

24 steps to withdraw the United States from the North At25 lantic Treaty, done at Washington, DC, April 4, 1949, 


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1 until such time as the Senate passes, by an affirmative 

2 vote of two-thirds of Members, a resolution advising and 

3 consenting to the withdrawal of the United States from 

4 the treaty. 

5 SEC. 103. AUTHORIZATION FOR SENATE LEGAL COUNSEL 

6 TO REPRESENT SENATE IN OPPOSITION TO 

7 WITHDRAWAL FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC 

8 TREATY. 

9 The Senate Legal Counsel is authorized to represent 

10 the Senate in initiating or intervening in any judicial pro11 ceedings in any Federal court of competent jurisdiction, 

12 on behalf of the Senate, in order to oppose any withdrawal 

13 of the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty in 

14 the absence of the passage by the Senate of a resolution 

15 described in section 102. 

16 SEC. 104. REPORTING REQUIREMENT. 

17 The Senate Legal Counsel shall report as soon as 

18 practicable to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 

19 Senate with respect to any judicial proceedings which the 

20 Senate Legal Counsel initiates or in which it intervenes 

21 pursuant to this title. 


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1 Subtitle B—Strengthening the 

2 NATO Alliance 

3 SEC. 111. REPORT ON NATO ALLIANCE RESILIENCE AND 

4 UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC POSTURE. 

5 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 

6 date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days there7 after, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Sec8 retary of Defense, shall submit a report to the appropriate 

9 congressional committees providing an assessment of the 

10 threats and challenges facing the NATO alliance and 

11 United States diplomatic posture. 

12 (b) ELEMENTS.—The report required under sub13 section (a) shall include the following elements: 

14 (1) A review of current and emerging United 

15 States national security interests in the NATO area 

16 of responsibility. 

17 (2) A review of current United States political 

18 and diplomatic engagement and political-military co19 ordination with NATO and NATO member states. 

20 (3) Options for the realignment of United 

21 States engagement with NATO to respond to new 

22 threats and challenges presented by the Government 

23 of the Russian Federation to the NATO alliance, as 

24 well as new opportunities presented by allies and 

25 partners. 


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1 (4) The views of counterpart governments, in2 cluding heads of state, heads of government, political 

3 leaders, and military commanders in the region. 

4 SEC. 112. EXPEDITED NATO EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLES 

5 TRANSFER PROGRAM. 

6 (a) REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the date 

7 of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, 

8 in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit 

9 to the appropriate congressional committees a report with 

10 recommendations regarding the need for and suitability of 

11 transferring excess defense articles under this section to 

12 countries in the NATO alliance, with particular emphasis 

13 on the foreign policy benefits as it pertains to those mem14 ber states currently purchasing defense articles or services 

15 from the Russian Federation. 

16 (b) PERIOD FOR REVIEW BY CONGRESS OF REC17 OMMENDATIONS FOR EDA TRANSFER TO NATO MEM18 BERS.—During the 30-calendar-day period following sub19 mission by the Secretary of Defense of the report required 

20 under subsection (a), the Committee on Foreign Relations 

21 of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 

22 the House of Representatives shall, as appropriate, hold 

23 hearings and briefings and otherwise obtain information 

24 in order to fully review the recommendations included in 

25 the report. 


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1 (c) TRANSFER AUTHORITY.—The President is au2 thorized to transfer such excess defense articles in a fiscal 

3 year as the Secretary of Defense recommends pursuant 

4 to this section to countries for which receipt of such arti5 cles was justified pursuant to the annual congressional 

6 presentation documents for military assistance programs, 

7 or for which receipt of such articles was separately justi8 fied to Congress, for such fiscal year. 

9 (d) LIMITATIONS ON TRANSFERS.—The President 

10 may transfer excess defense articles under this section 

11 only if— 

12 (1) such articles are drawn from existing stocks 

13 of the Department of Defense; 

14 (2) funds available to the Department of De15 fense for the procurement of defense equipment are 

16 not expended in connection with the transfer; 

17 (3) the President determines that the transfer 

18 of such articles will not have an adverse impact on 

19 the military readiness of the United States; 

20 (4) with respect to a proposed transfer of such 

21 articles on a grant basis, the President determines 

22 that the transfer is preferable to a transfer on a 

23 sales basis, after taking into account the potential 

24 proceeds from, and likelihood of, such sales, and the 

25 comparative foreign policy benefits that may accrue 


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1 to the United States as the result of a transfer on 

2 either a grant or sales basis; and 

3 (5) the President determines that the transfer 

4 of such articles will not have an adverse impact on 

5 the national technology and industrial base and, par6 ticularly, will not reduce the opportunities of entities 

7 in the national technology and industrial base to sell 

8 new or used equipment to the countries to which 

9 such articles are transferred. 

10 (e) TERMS OF TRANSFERS.— 

11 (1) NO COST TO RECIPIENT COUNTRY.—Excess 

12 defense articles may be transferred under this sec13 tion without cost to the recipient country. 

14 (2) PRIORITY.—Notwithstanding any other pro15 vision of law, the delivery of excess defense articles 

16 under this section to member countries of NATO 

17 that still purchase defense goods and services from 

18 the Russian Federation and pledge to decrease such 

19 purchases shall be given priority to the maximum ex20 tent feasible over the delivery of such excess defense 

21 articles to other countries. 

22 (3) TRANSPORTATION AND RELATED COSTS.— 

23 (A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 

24 subparagraph (B), funds available to the De25 partment of Defense may not be expended for 


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1 crating, packing, handling, and transportation 

2 of excess defense articles transferred under the 

3 authority of this section. 

4 (B) EXCEPTION.—The President may pro5 vide for the transportation of excess defense ar6 ticles without charge to a country for the costs 

7 of such transportation if— 

8 (i) it is determined that it is in the 

9 national interest of the United States to do 

10 so; 

11 (ii) the recipient is a NATO member 

12 state currently purchasing defense goods 

13 and services from the Russian Federation 

14 that has pledged to reduce such purchases; 

15 (iii) the total weight of the transfer 

16 does not exceed 50,000 pounds; and 

17 (iv) such transportation is accom18 plished on a space available basis. 

19 SEC. 113. DEFINITIONS. 

20 In this subtitle: 

21 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT22 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com23 mittees’’ means— 

24 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, 

25 the Committee on Armed Services, and the 


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1 Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; 

2 and 

3 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

4 Committee on Armed Services, and the Com5 mittee on Appropriations of the House of Rep6 resentatives. 

7 (2) NATO.—The term ‘‘NATO’’ means the 

8 North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 

9 TITLE II—MATTERS RELATING 

10 TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 

11 Subtitle A—Public Diplomacy 

12 Modernization 

13 SEC. 201. AVOIDING DUPLICATION OF PROGRAMS AND EF14 FORTS. 

15 The Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Pub16 lic Affairs of the Department of State shall— 

17 (1) identify opportunities for greater efficiency 

18 of operations, including through improved coordina19 tion of efforts across public diplomacy bureaus and 

20 offices of the Department; and 

21 (2) maximize shared use of resources between, 

22 and within, such public diplomacy bureaus and of23 fices in cases in which programs, facilities, or admin24 istrative functions are duplicative or substantially 

25 overlapping. 


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1 SEC. 202. IMPROVING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF 

2 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY. 

3 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall— 

4 (1) conduct regular research and evaluation of 

5 public diplomacy programs and activities of the De6 partment, including through the routine use of audi7 ence research, digital analytics, and impact evalua8 tions, to plan and execute such programs and activi9 ties; and 

10 (2) make the findings of the research and eval11 uations conducted under paragraph (1) available to 

12 Congress. 

13 (b) DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND EVALUATION.— 

14 (1) APPOINTMENT.—Not later than 90 days 

15 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec16 retary shall appoint a Director of Research and 

17 Evaluation in the Office of Policy, Planning, and 

18 Resources for the Under Secretary for Public Diplo19 macy and Public Affairs. 

20 (2) LIMITATION ON APPOINTMENT.—The ap21 pointment of a Director of Research and Evaluation 

22 pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not result in an in23 crease in the overall full-time equivalent positions 

24 within the Department. 

25 (3) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director of Re26 search and Evaluation shall— 


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1 (A) coordinate and oversee the research 

2 and evaluation of public diplomacy programs of 

3 the Department of State— 

4 (i) to improve public diplomacy strate5 gies and tactics; and 

6 (ii) to ensure that programs are in7 creasing the knowledge, understanding, 

8 and trust of the United States among rel9 evant target audiences; 

10 (B) report to the Director of Policy and 

11 Planning in the Office of Policy, Planning, and 

12 Resources under the Under Secretary for Public 

13 Diplomacy and Public Affairs of the Depart14 ment; 

15 (C) routinely organize and oversee audi16 ence research, digital analytics, and impact 

17 evaluations across all public diplomacy bureaus 

18 and offices of the Department; 

19 (D) support embassy public affairs sec20 tions; 

21 (E) share appropriate public diplomacy re22 search and evaluation information within the 

23 Department and with other Federal depart24 ments and agencies; 


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1 (F) regularly design and coordinate stand2 ardized research questions, methodologies, and 

3 procedures to ensure that public diplomacy ac4 tivities across all public diplomacy bureaus and 

5 offices are designed to meet appropriate foreign 

6 policy objectives; and 

7 (G) report biannually to the United States 

8 Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 

9 through the Commission’s Subcommittee on Re10 search and Evaluation established pursuant to 

11 subsection (f), regarding the research and eval12 uation of all public diplomacy bureaus and of13 fices of the Department. 

14 (4) GUIDANCE AND TRAINING.—Not later than 

15 one year after the appointment of the Director of 

16 Research and Evaluation pursuant to paragraph (1), 

17 the Director shall create guidance and training for 

18 all public diplomacy officers regarding the reading 

19 and interpretation of public diplomacy program eval20 uation findings to ensure that such findings and les21 sons learned are implemented in the planning and 

22 evaluation of all public diplomacy programs and ac23 tivities throughout the Department. 

24 (c) PRIORITIZING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of Policy, 

2 Planning, and Resources shall ensure that research 

3 and evaluation, as coordinated and overseen by the 

4 Director of Research and Evaluation, supports stra5 tegic planning and resource allocation across all pub6 lic diplomacy bureaus and offices of the Department. 

7 (2) ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES.—Amounts al8 located for the purposes of research and evaluation 

9 of public diplomacy programs and activities pursu10 ant to subsection (a) shall be made available to be 

11 disbursed at the direction of the Director of Re12 search and Evaluation among the research and eval13 uation staff across all public diplomacy bureaus and 

14 offices of the Department. 

15 (3) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 

16 Congress that— 

17 (A) the Under Secretary for Public Diplo18 macy and Public Affairs of the Department of 

19 State should coordinate the human and finan20 cial resources that support the Department’s 

21 public diplomacy and public affairs programs 

22 and activities; 

23 (B) proposals or plans related to resource 

24 allocations for public diplomacy bureaus and of25 fices should be routed through the Office of the 


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1 Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and 

2 Public Affairs for review and clearance; and 

3 (C) the Department should allocate, for 

4 the purposes of research and evaluation of pub5 lic diplomacy activities and programs pursuant 

6 to subsection (a)— 

7 (i) 3 to 5 percent of program funds 

8 made available under the heading ‘‘EDU9 CATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE

10 PROGRAMS’’; and 

11 (ii) 3 to 5 percent of program funds 

12 allocated for public diplomacy programs 

13 under the heading ‘‘DIPLOMATIC AND

14 CONSULAR PROGRAMS’’. 

15 (d) LIMITED EXEMPTION.—Chapter 35 of title 44, 

16 United States Code (commonly known as the ‘‘Paperwork 

17 Reduction Act’’) shall not apply to collections of informa18 tion directed at foreign individuals conducted by, or on 

19 behalf of, the Department of State for the purpose of audi20 ence research, monitoring, and evaluations, and in connec21 tion with the Department’s activities conducted pursuant 

22 to the United States Information and Educational Ex23 change Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), the Mutual 

24 Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 

25 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.), section 1287 of the National Defense 


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1 Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114– 

2 328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note), or the Foreign Assistance Act 

3 of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.). 

4 (e) LIMITED EXEMPTION TO THE PRIVACY ACT.— 

5 The Department shall maintain, collect, use, and dissemi6 nate records (as such term is defined in section 552a(a)(4) 

7 of title 5, United States Code) for research and data anal8 ysis of public diplomacy efforts intended for foreign audi9 ences. Such research and data analysis shall be reasonably 

10 tailored to meet the purposes of this subsection and shall 

11 be carried out with due regard for privacy and civil lib12 erties guidance and oversight. 

13 (f) ADVISORY COMMISSION ON PUBLIC DIPLO14 MACY.— 

15 (1) SUBCOMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH AND EVAL16 UATION.—The Advisory Commission on Public Di17 plomacy shall establish a Subcommittee for Research 

18 and Evaluation to monitor and advise on the re19 search and evaluation activities of the Department 

20 and the United States Agency for Global Media. 

21 (2) REPORT.—The Subcommittee for Research 

22 and Evaluation established pursuant to paragraph 

23 (1) shall submit an annual report to Congress in 

24 conjunction with the Commission on Public Diplo25 macy’s Comprehensive Annual Report on the perVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:06 Dec 19, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S482.RS S482

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1 formance of the Department and the United States 

2 Agency for Global Media in carrying out research 

3 and evaluations of their respective public diplomacy 

4 programming. 

5 (3) REPEAL OF SUNSET.—Section 1334 of the 

6 Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 

7 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6553) is hereby repealed. 

8 (g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

9 (1) AUDIENCE RESEARCH.—The term ‘‘audi10 ence research’’ means research conducted at the out11 set of a public diplomacy program or campaign plan12 ning and design on specific audience segments to un13 derstand the attitudes, interests, knowledge, and be14 haviors of such audience segments. 

15 (2) DIGITAL ANALYTICS.—The term ‘‘digital 

16 analytics’’ means the analysis of qualitative and 

17 quantitative data, accumulated in digital format, to 

18 indicate the outputs and outcomes of a public diplo19 macy program or campaign. 

20 (3) IMPACT EVALUATION.—The term ‘‘impact 

21 evaluation’’ means an assessment of the changes in 

22 the audience targeted by a public diplomacy program 

23 or campaign that can be attributed to such program 

24 or campaign. 


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1 (4) PUBLIC DIPLOMACY BUREAUS AND OF2 FICES.—The term ‘‘public diplomacy bureaus and 

3 offices’’ means the Bureau of Educational and Cul4 tural Affairs, the Bureau of Public Affairs, the Bu5 reau of International Information Programs, the Of6 fice of Policy, Planning, and Resources, the Global 

7 Engagement Center, and the public diplomacy func8 tions within the regional and functional bureaus. 

9 Subtitle B—Other Matters 

10 SEC. 211. DEPARTMENT OF STATE RESPONSIBILITIES WITH 

11 RESPECT TO CYBERSPACE POLICY. 

12 (a) OFFICE OF CYBERSPACE AND THE DIGITAL

13 ECONOMY.—Section 1 of the State Department Basic Au14 thorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a) is amended— 

15 (1) by redesignating subsection (g) as sub16 section (h); and 

17 (2) by inserting after subsection (f) the fol18 lowing: 

19 ‘‘(g) OFFICE OF CYBERSPACE AND THE DIGITAL

20 ECONOMY.— 

21 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established, within 

22 the Department of State, an Office of Cyberspace 

23 and the Digital Economy (referred to in this sub24 section as the ‘Office’). The head of the Office shall 

25 have the rank and status of ambassador and shall 


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1 be appointed by the President, by and with the ad2 vice and consent of the Senate. 

3 ‘‘(2) DUTIES.— 

4 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The head of the Of5 fice shall perform such duties and exercise such 

6 powers as the Secretary of State shall prescribe, 

7 including implementing the United States inter8 national cyberspace policy strategy issued by 

9 the Department of State in March 2016 pursu10 ant to section 402 of the Cybersecurity Act of 

11 2015 (division N of Public Law 114–113; 129 

12 Stat. 2978). 

13 ‘‘(B) DUTIES DESCRIBED.—The principal 

14 duties and responsibilities of the head of the 

15 Office shall be— 

16 ‘‘(i) to serve as the principal cyber 

17 policy official within the senior manage18 ment of the Department of State and as 

19 the advisor to the Secretary of State for 

20 cyber issues; 

21 ‘‘(ii) to lead the Department of 

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1 rence and international responses to cyber 

2 threats, and other issues that the Sec3 retary assigns to the Office; 

4 ‘‘(iii) to promote an open, interoper5 able, reliable, unfettered, and secure infor6 mation and communications technology in7 frastructure for all critical infrastructure 

8 globally; 

9 ‘‘(iv) to represent the Secretary of 

10 State in interagency efforts to develop and 

11 advance cyberspace policy described in sub12 paragraph (A); 

13 ‘‘(v) to coordinate cyberspace efforts 

14 and other relevant functions, including 

15 countering terrorists’ use of cyberspace, 

16 within the Department of State and with 

17 other components of the United States 

18 Government; 

19 ‘‘(vi) to act as a liaison to public and 

20 private sector entities on relevant cyber21 space issues; 

22 ‘‘(vii) to lead United States Govern23 ment efforts to establish a global deter24 rence framework; 


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1 ‘‘(viii) to develop and execute adver2 sary-specific strategies to influence adver3 sary decisionmaking through the imposi4 tion of costs and deterrence strategies; 

5 ‘‘(ix) to advise the Secretary and co6 ordinate with foreign governments on ex7 ternal responses to national security level 

8 cyber incidents, including coordination on 

9 diplomatic response efforts to support al10 lies threatened by malicious cyber activity, 

11 in conjunction with members of the North 

12 Atlantic Treaty Organization and other 

13 like-minded countries; 

14 ‘‘(x) to promote the adoption of na15 tional processes and programs that enable 

16 threat detection, prevention, and response 

17 to malicious cyber activity emanating from 

18 the territory of a foreign country, including 

19 as such activity relates to the European al20 lies of the United States, as appropriate; 

21 ‘‘(xi) to promote the building of for22 eign capacity to protect the global network 

23 with the goal of enabling like-minded par24 ticipation in deterrence frameworks; 


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1 ‘‘(xii) to promote the maintenance of 

2 an open and interoperable Internet gov3 erned by the multi-stakeholder model, in4 stead of by centralized government control; 

5 ‘‘(xiii) to promote an international 

6 regulatory environment for technology in7 vestments and the Internet that benefits 

8 United States economic and national secu9 rity interests; 

10 ‘‘(xiv) to promote cross border flow of 

11 data and combat international initiatives 

12 seeking to impose unreasonable require13 ments on United States businesses; 

14 ‘‘(xv) to promote international policies 

15 to protect the integrity of United States 

16 and international telecommunications in17 frastructure from foreign-based, cyber-en18 abled threats; 

19 ‘‘(xvi) to serve as the interagency co20 ordinator for the United States Govern21 ment on engagement with foreign govern22 ments on cyberspace and digital economy 

23 issues described in the Defending Amer24 ican Security from Kremlin Aggression Act 

25 of 2019; 


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1 ‘‘(xvii) to promote international poli2 cies to secure radio frequency spectrum for 

3 United States businesses and national se4 curity needs; 

5 ‘‘(xviii) to promote and protect the ex6 ercise of human rights, including freedom 

7 of speech and religion, through the Inter8 net; 

9 ‘‘(xix) to build capacity of United 

10 States diplomatic officials to engage on 

11 cyber issues; 

12 ‘‘(xx) to encourage the development 

13 and adoption by foreign countries of inter14 nationally recognized standards, policies, 

15 and best practices; and 

16 ‘‘(xxi) to promote and advance inter17 national policies that protect individuals’ 

18 private data. 

19 ‘‘(3) QUALIFICATIONS.—The head of the Office 

20 should be an individual of demonstrated competency 

21 in the fields of— 

22 ‘‘(A) cybersecurity and other relevant cyber 

23 issues; and 

24 ‘‘(B) international diplomacy. 

25 ‘‘(4) ORGANIZATIONAL PLACEMENT.— 


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1 ‘‘(A) INITIAL PLACEMENT.—During the 4- 

2 year period beginning on the date of the enact3 ment of the Defending American Security from 

4 Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the head of 

5 the Office shall report to the Under Secretary 

6 for Political Affairs or to an official holding a 

7 higher position than the Under Secretary for 

8 Political Affairs in the Department of State. 

9 ‘‘(B) SUBSEQUENT PLACEMENT.—After 

10 the conclusion of the 4-year period referred to 

11 in subparagraph (A), the head of the Office 

12 shall report to— 

13 ‘‘(i) an appropriate Under Secretary; 

14 or 

15 ‘‘(ii) an official holding a higher posi16 tion than Under Secretary. 

17 ‘‘(5) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 

18 this subsection may be construed to preclude— 

19 ‘‘(A) the Office from being elevated to a 

20 Bureau within the Department of State; or 

21 ‘‘(B) the head of the Office from being ele22 vated to an Assistant Secretary, if such an As23 sistant Secretary position does not increase the 

24 number of Assistant Secretary positions at the 


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1 Department above the number authorized under 

2 subsection (c)(1).’’. 

3 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con4 gress that the Office of Cyberspace and the Digital Econ5 omy established under section 1(g) of the State Depart6 ment Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as added by sub7 section (a)— 

8 (1) should be a Bureau of the Department of 

9 State headed by an Assistant Secretary, subject to 

10 the rule of construction specified in paragraph 

11 (5)(B) of such section 1(g); and 

12 (2) should coordinate with other bureaus of the 

13 Department of State and use all tools at the disposal 

14 of the Office to combat activities taken by the Rus15 sian Federation, or on behalf of the Russian Federa16 tion, to undermine the cybersecurity and democratic 

17 values of the United States and other nations. 

18 (c) UNITED NATIONS.—The Permanent Representa19 tive of the United States to the United Nations should 

20 use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to 

21 oppose any measure that is inconsistent with the United 

22 States international cyberspace policy strategy issued by 

23 the Department of State in March 2016 pursuant to sec24 tion 402 of the Cybersecurity Act of 2015 (division N of 

25 Public Law 114–113; 129 Stat. 2978). 


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1 SEC. 212. ENHANCED HIRING AUTHORITY FOR DEPART2 MENT OF STATE. 

3 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

4 (1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the 

5 meaning given the term in section 5721 of title 5, 

6 United States Code. 

7 (2) APPROPRIATION.—The term ‘‘appropria8 tion’’ includes funds made available by statute and 

9 under section 9104 of title 31, United States Code. 

10 (3) SCHEDULE A.—The term ‘‘Schedule A’’ 

11 means positions other than those of a confidential or 

12 policy-determining character for which it is impracti13 cable to examine, pursuant to section 213.3101 of 

14 title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, or successor 

15 regulation. 

16 (b) AUTHORITY.— 

17 (1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of 

18 appropriations, the Secretary of State may procure 

19 the services of Schedule A employees in the amount 

20 and for the offices specified in paragraph (2) for the 

21 purpose of hiring individuals with special qualifica22 tions, including prior work experience involving eco23 nomic or financial sanctions, for the development 

24 and implementation of economic and financial sanc25 tions. 


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1 (2) ASSIGNMENT OF SCHEDULE A EMPLOY2 EES.—Using the authority provided under para3 graph (1), the Secretary of State may procure the 

4 services of— 

5 (A) not to exceed 5 Schedule A employees 

6 for the Office of Sanctions Coordination to be 

7 established pursuant to subsection (h) of sec8 tion 1 of the State Department Basic Authori9 ties Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a), as added 

10 by section 612; and 

11 (B) not to exceed 15 Schedule A employees 

12 for the Counter Threat Finance and Sanctions 

13 component of the Bureau of Economic and 

14 Business Affairs (EB/TFS). 

15 (c) LIMITATION.—Positions in the Senior Executive 

16 Service may not be filled using the authority provided 

17 under subsection (b). 

18 (d) EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND NON-DISCRIMINA19 TION.—The Secretary of State shall ensure compliance 

20 with equal opportunity and other non-discrimination regu21 lations of the United States Government in exercising the 

22 authority provided under subsection (b). 

23 (e) REPORT.—The Secretary of State shall report to 

24 the Office of Personnel Management on an annual basis 

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1 ployed by the Department of State using the authority 

2 provided under subsection (b). 

3 SEC. 213. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

4 It is the sense of Congress that— 

5 (1) the United States Agency for Global Media 

6 and its grantee networks have a critical mission to 

7 inform, engage, and connect people around the world 

8 in support of freedom and democracy; and 

9 (2) those networks must adhere to professional 

10 journalistic standards and integrity and not engage 

11 in disinformation activities. 

12 TITLE III—CHEMICAL WEAPONS 

13 NONPROLIFERATION 

14 SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE. 

15 This title may be cited as the ‘‘Chemical Weapons 

16 Nonproliferation Act of 2019’’. 

17 SEC. 302. FINDINGS. 

18 Congress makes the following findings: 

19 (1) The international norm against the use of 

20 chemical weapons has severely eroded since 2012. At 

21 least 4 actors between 2012 and the date of the en22 actment of this Act have used chemical weapons: 

23 Syria, North Korea, the Russian Federation, and 

24 the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraq and 

25 Syria. 


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1 (2) On March 4, 2018, the Government of the 

2 Russian Federation knowingly used novichok, a le3 thal chemical agent, in an attempt to kill former 

4 Russian military intelligence officer Sergei Skripal 

5 and his daughter Yulia, in Salisbury, United King6 dom. 

7 (3) In September 2018, the Government of the 

8 United Kingdom charged 2 Russian suspects with 

9 the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal, further 

10 highlighting the culpability of the Government of the 

11 Russian Federation in the attack. 

12 (4) On June 27, 2018, the Organisation for the 

13 Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (commonly known 

14 as the ‘‘OPCW’’), during its Fourth Special Session 

15 of the Conference of the States Parties to the Chem16 ical Weapons Convention, adopted a decision to ‘‘put 

17 in place arrangements to identify the perpetrators of 

18 the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Re19 public by identifying and reporting on all informa20 tion potentially relevant to the origin of those chem21 ical weapons in those instances in which the OPCW 

22 Fact-Finding Mission in Syria determines or has de23 termined that use or likely use occurred, and cases 

24 for which the OPCW–UN Joint Investigative Mecha25 nism has not issued a report; and decide[d] also that 


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1 the Secretariat shall provide regular reports on its 

2 investigations to the Council and to the United Na3 tions Secretary-General for their consideration’’. 

4 (5) In addition, during the Fourth Special Ses5 sion, the State Parties to the Chemical Weapons 

6 Convention voted to provide new powers to the Di7 rector-General of the OPCW to attribute chemical 

8 weapons attacks. The decision ‘‘affirms that, when9 ever a chemical weapons use occurs on the territory 

10 of a State Party, those who were the perpetrators, 

11 organizers, sponsors or otherwise involved should be 

12 identified, and underscores the added value of the 

13 Secretariat conducting an independent investigation 

14 of an alleged use of chemical weapons with a view 

15 to facilitating universal attribution of all chemical 

16 weapons attacks’’. 

17 (6) Finally, the decision of the State Parties to 

18 the Chemical Weapons Convention allows ‘‘the Di19 rector-General, if requested by a State Party inves20 tigating a possible chemical weapons use on its terri21 tory, [to] provide technical expertise to identify those 

22 who were perpetrators, organizers, sponsors or oth23 erwise involved in the use of chemicals as weapons’’. 

24 (7) The Government of the Russian Federation 

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1 tion mechanism in the Fourth Special Session, and 

2 has repeatedly worked to degrade the OPCW’s abil3 ity to identify chemical weapons users. 

4 (8) The Government of the Russian Federation 

5 has shown itself to be unwilling or incapable of com6 pelling the President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, an 

7 ally of the Russian Federation, to stop using chem8 ical weapons against the civilian population in Syria. 

9 (9) The United States remains steadfast in its 

10 commitment to its key ally the United Kingdom, its 

11 commitment to the mutual defense of the North At12 lantic Treaty Organization, and its commitment to 

13 the Chemical Weapons Convention. 

14 (10) Thirty-four countries, including the United 

15 States, have joined the International Partnership 

16 against Impunity for the use of Chemical Weapons, 

17 which represents a political commitment by partici18 pating countries to hold to account persons respon19 sible for the use of chemical weapons. 

20 (11) The Defense Ministry of the Government 

21 of the Netherlands exposed 4 Russians as agents of 

22 the GRU intelligence service who had attempted to 

23 hack OPCW networks during the OPCW’s investiga24 tion of the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in 

25 Salisbury, United Kingdom. 


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1 SEC. 303. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

2 It shall be the policy of the United States— 

3 (1) to protect and defend the interests of the 

4 United States, allies of the United States, and the 

5 international community at large from the con6 tinuing threat of chemical weapons and their pro7 liferation; 

8 (2) to maintain a steadfast commitment to the 

9 Chemical Weapons Convention and the OPCW; 

10 (3) to promote and strengthen the investigative 

11 and identification mechanisms of the OPCW, includ12 ing the development of a new OPCW laboratory and 

13 enhancements to the OPCW network of designated 

14 laboratories, through the provision of additional re15 sources and technical equipment to better allow the 

16 OPCW to detect, identify, and attribute chemical 

17 weapons attacks; 

18 (4) to pressure the Government of the Russian 

19 Federation to halt its efforts to degrade the inter20 national efforts of the United Nations and the 

21 OPCW to investigate chemical weapons attacks and 

22 to designate perpetrators of such attacks by— 

23 (A) highlighting within international fora, 

24 including the United Nations General Assembly 

25 and the OPCW, the repeated efforts of the Gov26 ernment of the Russian Federation to degrade 


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1 international efforts to investigate chemical 

2 weapons attacks; and 

3 (B) consulting with allies and partners of 

4 the United States with respect to methods for 

5 strengthening the investigative mechanisms of 

6 the OPCW; 

7 (5) to examine additional avenues for inves8 tigating, identifying, and holding accountable chem9 ical weapons users if the Government of the Russian 

10 Federation continues in its attempts to block or 

11 hinder investigations of the OPCW; and 

12 (6) to punish the Government of the Russian 

13 Federation for, and deter that Government from, 

14 any chemical weapons production and use through 

15 the imposition of sanctions, diplomatic isolation, and 

16 the use of the mechanisms specified in the Chemical 

17 Weapons Convention for violations of the Conven18 tion. 

19 SEC. 304. REPORT ON SANCTIONS RELATING TO USE OF 

20 CHEMICAL WEAPONS BY THE RUSSIAN FED21 ERATION. 

22 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the 

23 date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, 

24 the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee on 

25 Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on 


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1 Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report 

2 that includes an assessment of— 

3 (1) whether the mandatory sanctions required 

4 by the Chemical and Biological Weapons and War5 fare Elimination Act of 1991 (22 U.S.C. 5601 et 

6 seq.) have been imposed with respect to the Russian 

7 Federation; and 

8 (2) whether the Government of the Russian 

9 Federation has taken any steps to avoid sanctions 

10 required by that Act after the determination of the 

11 United States with respect to the use of chemical 

12 weapons by the Russian Federation. 

13 (b) FORM OF REPORT.—Each report required by 

14 subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form and 

15 shall include a classified annex. 

16 SEC. 305. REPORT ON PRODUCTION AND USE OF CHEMICAL 

17 AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS BY THE RUSSIAN 

18 FEDERATION. 

19 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the 

20 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 

21 shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 

22 Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 

23 House of Representatives a report on the chemical and 

24 biological weapon programs of the Government of the Rus25 sian Federation that includes an assessment of— 


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1 (1) whether that Government has production 

2 capabilities in violation of the Chemical Weapons 

3 Convention and the Convention on the Prohibition of 

4 the Development, Production and Stockpiling of 

5 Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and 

6 on their Destruction, done at Washington, London, 

7 and Moscow April 10, 1972, and entered into force 

8 March 26, 1975 (26 UST 583); 

9 (2) any use by that Government of chemical or 

10 biological weapons during the 10-year period pre11 ceding submission of the report; and 

12 (3) any direct or indirect support, including 

13 transfers of material, knowledge, or technology, by 

14 that Government for the chemical or biological weap15 ons programs of other countries or non-state actors. 

16 (b) FORM OF REPORT.—Each report required by 

17 subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but 

18 may include a classified annex. 

19 SEC. 306. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro21 priated to the Secretary of State $25,000,000 for each of 

22 fiscal years 2020 through 2024, to be provided to the 

23 OPCW as a voluntary contribution pursuant to section 

24 301(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 

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1 vestigative and identification mechanisms for chemical 

2 weapons attacks. 

3 (b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Amounts authorized 

4 to be appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) shall remain 

5 available until expended. 

6 SEC. 307. CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION DEFINED. 

7 In this title, the term ‘‘Chemical Weapons Conven8 tion’’ means the Convention on the Prohibition of the De9 velopment, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical 

10 Weapons and on their Destruction, done at Geneva Sep11 tember 3, 1992, and entered into force April 29, 1997. 

12 TITLE IV—INTERNATIONAL 

13 CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT 

14 SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE. 

15 This title may be cited as the ‘‘International 

16 Cybercrime Prevention Act’’. 

17 SEC. 402. PREDICATE OFFENSES. 

18 Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 

19 (1) in section 1956(c)(7)(D)— 

20 (A) by striking ‘‘or section 2339D’’ and in21 serting ‘‘section 2339D’’; and 

22 (B) by striking ‘‘of this title, section 

23 46502’’ and inserting ‘‘, or section 2512 (relat24 ing to the manufacture, distribution, possession, 

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1 munication intercepting devices) of this title, 

2 section 46502’’; and 

3 (2) in section 1961(1), by inserting ‘‘section 

4 1030 (relating to fraud and related activity in con5 nection with computers) if the act indictable under 

6 section 1030 is felonious,’’ before ‘‘section 1084’’. 

7 SEC. 403. FORFEITURE. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 2513 of title 18, United 

9 States Code, is amended to read as follows: 

10 ‘‘§ 2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic com11 munication intercepting devices and 

12 other property 

13 ‘‘(a) CRIMINAL FORFEITURE.— 

14 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The court, in imposing a 

15 sentence on any person convicted of a violation of 

16 section 2511 or 2512, or convicted of conspiracy to 

17 violate section 2511 or 2512, shall order, in addition 

18 to any other sentence imposed and irrespective of 

19 any provision of State law, that such person forfeit 

20 to the United States— 

21 ‘‘(A) such person’s interest in any prop22 erty, real or personal, that was used or intended 

23 to be used to commit or to facilitate the com24 mission of such violation; and 


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1 ‘‘(B) any property, real or personal, consti2 tuting or derived from any gross proceeds, or 

3 any property traceable to such property, that 

4 such person obtained or retained directly or in5 directly as a result of such violation. 

6 ‘‘(2) FORFEITURE PROCEDURES.—Pursuant to 

7 section 2461(c) of title 28, the provisions of section 

8 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 

9 853), other than subsection (d) thereof, shall apply 

10 to criminal forfeitures under this subsection. 

11 ‘‘(b) CIVIL FORFEITURE.— 

12 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The following shall be sub13 ject to forfeiture to the United States in accordance 

14 with provisions of chapter 46 and no property right 

15 shall exist in them: 

16 ‘‘(A) Any property, real or personal, used 

17 or intended to be used, in any manner, to com18 mit, or facilitate the commission of a violation 

19 of section 2511 or 2512, or a conspiracy to vio20 late section 2511 or 2512. 

21 ‘‘(B) Any property, real or personal, con22 stituting, or traceable to the gross proceeds 

23 taken, obtained, or retained in connection with 

24 or as a result of a violation of section 2511 or 


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1 2512, or a conspiracy to violate section 2511 or 

2 2512. 

3 ‘‘(2) FORFEITURE PROCEDURES.—Seizures and 

4 forfeitures under this subsection shall be governed 

5 by the provisions of chapter 46, relating to civil for6 feitures, except that such duties as are imposed on 

7 the Secretary of the Treasury under the customs 

8 laws described in section 981(d) shall be performed 

9 by such officers, agents, and other persons as may 

10 be designated for that purpose by the Secretary of 

11 Homeland Security or the Attorney General.’’. 

12 (b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.— 

13 The table of sections for chapter 119 is amended by strik14 ing the item relating to section 2513 and inserting the 

15 following: 

‘‘2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting devices and other property.’’. 

16 SEC. 404. SHUTTING DOWN BOTNETS. 

17 (a) AMENDMENT.—Section 1345 of title 18, United 

18 States Code, is amended— 

19 (1) in the heading, by inserting ‘‘and abuse’’ 

20 after ‘‘fraud’’; 

21 (2) in subsection (a)— 

22 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

23 (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

24 ‘‘or’’ at the end; 


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1 (ii) in subparagraph (C), by inserting 

2 ‘‘or’’ after the semicolon; and 

3 (iii) by inserting after subparagraph 

4 (C) the following: 

5 ‘‘(D) violating or about to violate section 

6 1030(a)(5) of this title where such conduct has 

7 caused or would cause damage (as defined in 

8 section 1030) without authorization to 100 or 

9 more protected computers (as defined in section 

10 1030) during any 1-year period, including by— 

11 ‘‘(i) impairing the availability or in12 tegrity of the protected computers without 

13 authorization; or 

14 ‘‘(ii) installing or maintaining control 

15 over malicious software on the protected 

16 computers that, without authorization, has 

17 caused or would cause damage to the pro18 tected computers;’’; and 

19 (B) in paragraph (2), in the matter pre20 ceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘, a vio21 lation described in subsection (a)(1)(D),’’ before 

22 ‘‘or a Federal’’; and 

23 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

24 ‘‘(c) A restraining order, prohibition, or other action 

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1 scribed in subsection (a)(1)(D), may, upon application of 

2 the Attorney General— 

3 ‘‘(1) specify that no cause of action shall lie in 

4 any court against a person for complying with the 

5 restraining order, prohibition, or other action; and 

6 ‘‘(2) provide that the United States shall pay to 

7 such person a fee for reimbursement for such costs 

8 as are reasonably necessary and which have been di9 rectly incurred in complying with the restraining 

10 order, prohibition, or other action.’’. 

11 (b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.— 

12 The table of sections for chapter 63 of title 18, United 

13 States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to 

14 section 1345 and inserting the following: 

‘‘1345. Injunctions against fraud and abuse.’’. 

15 SEC. 405. AGGRAVATED DAMAGE TO A CRITICAL INFRA16 STRUCTURE COMPUTER. 

17 (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 47 of title 18, United 

18 States Code, is amended by inserting after section 1030 

19 the following: 

20 ‘‘§ 1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastruc21 ture computer 

22 ‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful, during and in 

23 relation to a felony violation of section 1030, to knowingly 

24 cause or attempt to cause damage to a critical infrastruc25 ture computer, if such damage results in (or, in the case 


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1 of an attempted offense, would, if completed, have resulted 

2 in) the substantial impairment— 

3 ‘‘(1) of the operation of the critical infrastruc4 ture computer; or 

5 ‘‘(2) of the critical infrastructure associated 

6 with such computer. 

7 ‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 

8 (a) shall, in addition to the term of punishment provided 

9 for the felony violation of section 1030, be fined under 

10 this title, imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both. 

11 ‘‘(c) CONSECUTIVE SENTENCE.—Notwithstanding 

12 any other provision of law— 

13 ‘‘(1) a court shall not place any person con14 victed of a violation of this section on probation; 

15 ‘‘(2) except as provided in paragraph (4), no 

16 term of imprisonment imposed on a person under 

17 this section shall run concurrently with any term of 

18 imprisonment imposed on the person under any 

19 other provision of law, including any term of impris20 onment imposed for the felony violation of section 

21 1030; 

22 ‘‘(3) in determining any term of imprisonment 

23 to be imposed for the felony violation of section 

24 1030, a court shall not in any way reduce the term 

25 to be imposed for such violation to compensate for, 


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1 or otherwise take into account, any separate term of 

2 imprisonment imposed or to be imposed for a viola3 tion of this section; and 

4 ‘‘(4) a term of imprisonment imposed on a per5 son for a violation of this section may, in the discre6 tion of the court, run concurrently, in whole or in 

7 part, only with another term of imprisonment that 

8 is imposed by the court at the same time on that 

9 person for an additional violation of this section, if 

10 such discretion shall be exercised in accordance with 

11 any applicable guidelines and policy statements 

12 issued by the United States Sentencing Commission 

13 pursuant to section 994 of title 28. 

14 ‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 

15 ‘‘(1) the terms ‘computer’ and ‘damage’ have 

16 the meanings given the terms in section 1030; and 

17 ‘‘(2) the term ‘critical infrastructure’ means 

18 systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so 

19 vital to the United States that the incapacity or de20 struction of such systems and assets would have cat21 astrophic regional or national effects on public 

22 health or safety, economic security, or national secu23 rity, including voter registration databases, voting 

24 machines, and other communications systems that 


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1 manage the election process or report and display 

2 results on behalf of State and local governments.’’. 

3 (b) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of sections for 

4 chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 

5 by inserting after the item relating to section 1030 the 

6 following: 

‘‘1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer.’’. 

7 SEC. 406. STOPPING TRAFFICKING IN BOTNETS; FOR8 FEITURE. 

9 Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is 

10 amended— 

11 (1) in subsection (a)— 

12 (A) in paragraph (7), by adding ‘‘or’’ at 

13 the end; and 

14 (B) by inserting after paragraph (7) the 

15 following: 

16 ‘‘(8) intentionally traffics in the means of ac17 cess to a protected computer, if— 

18 ‘‘(A) the trafficker knows or has reason to 

19 know the protected computer has been damaged 

20 in a manner prohibited by this section; and 

21 ‘‘(B) the promise or agreement to pay for 

22 the means of access is made by, or on behalf of, 

23 a person the trafficker knows or has reason to 

24 know intends to use the means of access to— 


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1 ‘‘(i) damage a protected computer in 

2 a manner prohibited by this section; or 

3 ‘‘(ii) violate section 1037 or 1343;’’; 

4 (2) in subsection (c)(3)— 

5 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

6 ‘‘(a)(4) or (a)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)(4), (a)(7), 

7 or (a)(8)’’; and 

8 (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

9 ‘‘(a)(4), or (a)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)(4), 

10 (a)(7), or (a)(8)’’; 

11 (3) in subsection (e)— 

12 (A) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

13 at the end; 

14 (B) in paragraph (12), by striking the pe15 riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

16 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

17 ‘‘(13) the term ‘traffic’, except as provided in 

18 subsection (a)(6), means transfer, or otherwise dis19 pose of, to another as consideration for the receipt 

20 of, or as consideration for a promise or agreement 

21 to pay, anything of pecuniary value.’’; 

22 (4) in subsection (g), in the first sentence, by 

23 inserting ‘‘, except for a violation of subsection 

24 (a)(8),’’ after ‘‘of this section’’; and 


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1 (5) by striking subsections (i) and (j) and in2 serting the following: 

3 ‘‘(i) CRIMINAL FORFEITURE.— 

4 ‘‘(1) The court, in imposing sentence on any 

5 person convicted of a violation of this section, or 

6 convicted of conspiracy to violate this section, shall 

7 order, in addition to any other sentence imposed and 

8 irrespective of any provision of State law, that such 

9 person forfeit to the United States— 

10 ‘‘(A) such person’s interest in any prop11 erty, real or personal, that was used or intended 

12 to be used to commit or to facilitate the com13 mission of such violation; and 

14 ‘‘(B) any property, real or personal, consti15 tuting or derived from any gross proceeds, or 

16 any property traceable to such property, that 

17 such person obtained, directly or indirectly, as 

18 a result of such violation. 

19 ‘‘(2) The criminal forfeiture of property under 

20 this subsection, including any seizure and disposition 

21 of the property, and any related judicial or adminis22 trative proceeding, shall be governed by the provi23 sions of section 413 of the Controlled Substances 

24 Act (21 U.S.C. 853), except subsection (d) of that 

25 section. 


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1 ‘‘(j) CIVIL FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY USED IN THE

2 COMMISSION OF AN OFFENSE.— 

3 ‘‘(1) Any personal property, including any 

4 Internet domain name or Internet Protocol address, 

5 that was used or intended to be used to commit or 

6 to facilitate the commission of any violation of this 

7 section, or a conspiracy to violate this section shall 

8 be subject to forfeiture to the United States, and no 

9 property right shall exist in such property. 

10 ‘‘(2) Seizures and forfeitures under this sub11 section shall be governed by the provisions of chap12 ter 46 relating to civil forfeitures, except that such 

13 duties as are imposed on the Secretary of the Treas14 ury under the customs laws described in section 

15 981(d) shall be performed by such officers, agents, 

16 and other persons as may be designated for that 

17 purpose by the Secretary of Homeland Security or 

18 the Attorney General.’’. 

19 TITLE V—COMBATING ELECTION 

20 INTERFERENCE 

21 SEC. 501. PROHIBITION ON INTERFERENCE WITH VOTING 

22 SYSTEMS. 

23 Section 1030(e) of title 18, United States Code, is 

24 amended— 

25 (1) in paragraph (2)— 


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1 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘or’’ 

2 at the end; 

3 (B) in subparagraph (B), by adding ‘‘or’’ 

4 at the end; and 

5 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

6 ‘‘(C) that— 

7 ‘‘(i) is part of a voting system; and 

8 ‘‘(ii)(I) is used for the management, 

9 support, or administration of a Federal 

10 election; or 

11 ‘‘(II) has moved in or otherwise af12 fects interstate or foreign commerce;’’; 

13 (2) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 

14 end; 

15 (3) in paragraph (12), by striking the period 

16 and inserting a semicolon; and 

17 (4) by adding at the end the following: 

18 ‘‘(13) the term ‘Federal election’ means any 

19 election (as defined in section 301(1) of the Federal 

20 Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 

21 30101(1))) for Federal office (as defined in section 

22 301(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 

23 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(3))); and 


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1 ‘‘(14) the term ‘voting system’ has the meaning 

2 given the term in section 301(b) of the Help Amer3 ica Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(b)).’’. 

4 SEC. 502. INADMISSIBILITY OF ALIENS SEEKING TO INTER5 FERE IN UNITED STATES ELECTIONS. 

6 (a) DEFINED TERM.—Section 101(a) of the Immi7 gration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)) is amend8 ed by adding at the end the following: 

9 ‘‘(53) The term ‘improper interference in a 

10 United States election’ means conduct by an alien 

11 that— 

12 ‘‘(A)(i) violates Federal criminal, voting 

13 rights, or campaign finance law; or 

14 ‘‘(ii) is under the direction of a foreign 

15 government; and 

16 ‘‘(B) interferes with a general or primary 

17 Federal, State, or local election or caucus, in18 cluding— 

19 ‘‘(i) the campaign of a candidate; and 

20 ‘‘(ii) a ballot measure, including— 

21 ‘‘(I) an amendment; 

22 ‘‘(II) a bond issue; 

23 ‘‘(III) an initiative; 

24 ‘‘(IV) a recall; 

25 ‘‘(V) a referral; and 


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1 ‘‘(VI) a referendum.’’. 

2 (b) IMPROPER INTERFERENCE IN UNITED STATES

3 ELECTIONS.—Section 212(a)(3) of the Immigration and 

4 Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)) is amended by add5 ing at the end the following: 

6 ‘‘(H) IMPROPER INTERFERENCE IN A

7 UNITED STATES ELECTION.—Any alien who is 

8 seeking admission to the United States to en9 gage in improper interference in a United 

10 States election, or who has engaged in improper 

11 interference in a United States election, is inad12 missible.’’. 

13 TITLE VI—SANCTIONS WITH RE14 SPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FED15 ERATION 

16 Subtitle A—Expansion of Coun17 tering America’s Adversaries 

18 Through Sanctions Act 

19 SEC. 601. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ROLE OF SANCTIONS. 

20 It is the sense of Congress that economic and finan21 cial sanctions, when used as part of a coordinated and 

22 comprehensive strategy, are a powerful tool to advance 

23 United States foreign policy and national security inter24 ests. 


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1 SEC. 602. SANCTIONS RELATED TO INTERFERENCE OF THE 

2 RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH DEMOCRATIC 

3 PROCESSES AND ELECTIONS. 

4 Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of the Countering 

5 America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 

6 9521 et seq.) is amended— 

7 (1) by redesignating sections 235, 236, 237, 

8 and 238 as sections 239E, 239F, 239H, and 239I, 

9 respectively; and 

10 (2) by inserting after section 234 the following: 

11 ‘‘SEC. 235. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 

12 WITH CERTAIN RUSSIAN POLITICAL FIGURES 

13 AND OLIGARCHS. 

14 ‘‘On and after the date that is 180 days after the 

15 date of the enactment of the Defending American Security 

16 from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall 

17 impose the sanctions described in section 224(b) with re18 spect to— 

19 ‘‘(1) political figures, oligarchs, and other per20 sons that facilitate illicit and corrupt activities, di21 rectly or indirectly, on behalf of the President of the 

22 Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, and persons 

23 acting for or on behalf of such political figures, 

24 oligarchs, and persons; 

25 ‘‘(2) Russian parastatal entities that facilitate 

26 illicit and corrupt activities, directly or indirectly, on 


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1 behalf of the President of the Russian Federation, 

2 Vladimir Putin; 

3 ‘‘(3) family members of persons described in 

4 paragraph (1) or (2) that derive significant benefits 

5 from such illicit and corrupt activities; and 

6 ‘‘(4) persons, including financial institutions, 

7 engaging in significant transactions with persons de8 scribed in paragraph (1), (2), or (3). 

9 ‘‘SEC. 236. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 

10 WITH THE CYBER SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN 

11 FEDERATION. 

12 ‘‘On and after the date that is 60 days after the date 

13 of the enactment of the Defending American Security 

14 from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall 

15 impose the sanctions described in section 224(b) with re16 spect to a person, including any financial institution, that 

17 the President determines— 

18 ‘‘(1) knowingly engages in significant trans19 actions with any person in the Russian Federation 

20 that supports or facilitates malicious cyber activities; 

21 or 

22 ‘‘(2) is knowingly owned or controlled by, or 

23 knowingly acts or purports to act for or on behalf 

24 of, directly or indirectly, a person that engages in 

25 significant transactions described in paragraph (1). 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 237. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 

2 RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN RUSSIAN LIQ3 UEFIED NATURAL GAS EXPORT FACILITIES. 

4 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date that is 

5 180 days after the date of the enactment of the Defending 

6 American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, 

7 the President shall impose five or more of the sanctions 

8 described in section 239E with respect to a person if the 

9 President determines that the person knowingly, on or 

10 after such date of enactment, makes an investment de11 scribed in subsection (b) in a liquefied natural gas export 

12 facility located outside of the Russian Federation. 

13 ‘‘(b) INVESTMENT DESCRIBED.—An investment de14 scribed in this subsection is an investment that— 

15 ‘‘(1) directly and significantly contributes to the 

16 ability of the Russian Federation to construct lique17 fied natural gas export facilities outside of the Rus18 sian Federation; and 

19 ‘‘(2)(A) has a fair market value of $1,000,000 

20 or more; or 

21 ‘‘(B) during a 12-month period, has an aggre22 gate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more. 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 238. PROHIBITION ON TRANSACTIONS RELATING TO 

2 NEW SOVEREIGN DEBT OF THE RUSSIAN FED3 ERATION. 

4 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

5 date of the enactment of the Defending American Security 

6 from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall 

7 prescribe regulations prohibiting United States persons 

8 from engaging in transactions with, providing financing 

9 for, or otherwise dealing in, Russian sovereign debt issued 

10 on or after the date that is 90 days after such date of 

11 enactment. 

12 ‘‘(b) RUSSIAN SOVEREIGN DEBT DEFINED.—In this 

13 section, the term ‘Russian sovereign debt’ means— 

14 ‘‘(1) bonds issued by the Central Bank, the Na15 tional Wealth Fund, or the Federal Treasury of the 

16 Russian Federation, or agents or affiliates of any of 

17 those entities, with a maturity of more than 14 days; 

18 ‘‘(2) foreign exchange swap agreements with 

19 the Central Bank, the National Wealth Fund, or the 

20 Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation with a 

21 duration of more than 14 days; and 

22 ‘‘(3) any other financial instrument, the dura23 tion or maturity of which is more than 14 days, 

24 that— 


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1 ‘‘(A) was issued by a Russian financial in2 stitution on behalf of the Government of the 

3 Russian Federation; or 

4 ‘‘(B) the President determines otherwise 

5 represents the sovereign debt of the Govern6 ment of the Russian Federation. 

7 ‘‘SEC. 239. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIAN FINAN8 CIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT SUPPORT INTER9 FERENCE IN DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES OR 

10 ELECTIONS. 

11 ‘‘On and after the date that is 90 days after the date 

12 of the enactment of the Defending American Security 

13 from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall 

14 impose the sanctions described in section 224(b)(1) with 

15 respect to any Russian financial institution that the Presi16 dent determines has, on or after such date of enactment, 

17 provided financial or other support for interference by the 

18 Government of the Russian Federation in the democratic 

19 process or elections of any country other than the Russian 

20 Federation.’’. 

21 SEC. 603. SANCTIONS RELATING TO THE ACTIONS OF THE 

22 RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH RESPECT TO 

23 UKRAINE. 

24 Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of the Countering 

25 America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 


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1 9521 et seq.), as amended by section 602, is further 

2 amended by inserting after section 239 the following: 

3 ‘‘SEC. 239A. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 

4 RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY 

5 PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY RUSSIAN STATE6 OWNED OR PARASTATAL ENTITIES OUTSIDE 

7 OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 

8 ‘‘On and after the date that is 180 days after the 

9 date of the enactment of the Defending American Security 

10 from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall 

11 impose five or more of the sanctions described in section 

12 239E with respect to a person if the President determines 

13 that— 

14 ‘‘(1) the person knowingly, on or after such 

15 date of enactment, invests in an energy project out16 side of the Russian Federation that is supported by 

17 a Russian parastatal entity or an entity owned or 

18 controlled by the Government of the Russian Fed19 eration; and 

20 ‘‘(2) the total value of the project exceeds or is 

21 reasonably expected to exceed $250,000,000. 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 239B. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SUPPORT FOR 

2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRUDE OIL RE3 SOURCES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 

4 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose five 

5 or more of the sanctions described in section 239E with 

6 respect to a person if the President determines that the 

7 person knowingly, on or after the date of the enactment 

8 of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggres9 sion Act of 2019, sells, leases, or provides to the Russian 

10 Federation goods, services, technology, financing, or sup11 port described in subsection (b)— 

12 ‘‘(1) any of which has a fair market value of 

13 $1,000,000 or more; or 

14 ‘‘(2) that, during a 12-month period, have an 

15 aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more. 

16 ‘‘(b) GOODS, SERVICES, TECHNOLOGY, FINANCING, 

17 OR SUPPORT DESCRIBED.—Goods, services, technology, 

18 financing, or support described in this subsection are 

19 goods, services, technology, financing or support that 

20 could directly and significantly contribute to the Russian 

21 Federation’s— 

22 ‘‘(1) ability to develop crude oil resources lo23 cated in the Russian Federation; or 

24 ‘‘(2) production of crude oil resources in the 

25 Russian Federation, including any direct and signifi26 cant assistance with respect to the construction, 


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1 modernization, or repair of infrastructure that would 

2 facilitate the development of crude oil resources lo3 cated in the Russian Federation. 

4 ‘‘(c) APPLICABILITY.—The requirement to impose 

5 sanctions under subsection (a) shall not apply with respect 

6 to the maintenance of projects that are ongoing as of the 

7 date of the enactment of the Defending American Security 

8 from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019. 

9 ‘‘(d) REQUIREMENT TO ISSUE GUIDANCE.—Not 

10 later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the De11 fending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act 

12 of 2019, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the 

13 Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Energy, 

14 shall issue regulations— 

15 ‘‘(1) clarifying how the exception under sub16 section (c) will be applied; and 

17 ‘‘(2) listing specific goods, services, technology, 

18 financing, and support covered by subsection (b). 

19 ‘‘SEC. 239C. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIAN DE20 TENTION OF 24 UKRAINIAN NAVAL PER21 SONNEL ON AND AFTER NOVEMBER 25, 2018. 

22 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 

23 date of the enactment of the Defending American Security 

24 from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall 

25 impose the sanctions described in section 224(b) with reVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:06 Dec 19, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S482.RS S482

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1 spect to not fewer than 24 senior officers of the Russian 

2 Federal Security Service who had not been sanctioned by 

3 the United States before such date of enactment. 

4 ‘‘(b) DURATION.—Sanctions imposed under sub5 section (a) shall remain in effect until the date on which 

6 the Secretary of State determines and certifies to the ap7 propriate congressional committees that the Ukrainian 

8 naval personnel detained by forces of the Russian Federa9 tion on November 25, 2018, are no longer in detention. 

10 ‘‘SEC. 239D. SANCTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS BY THE RUSSIAN 

11 FEDERATION OF FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION. 

12 ‘‘(a) DETERMINATION OF VIOLATION.— 

13 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days 

14 after the date of the enactment of the Defending 

15 American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 

16 2019, and every 180 days thereafter, the Secretary 

17 of State shall determine and certify to the commit18 tees specified in subsection (d) whether the Govern19 ment of the Russian Federation, including the 

20 armed forces or coast guard of the Russian Federa21 tion, has interfered with the freedom of navigation 

22 of one or more vessels in the Kerch Strait or else23 where in a manner inconsistent with international 

24 law during the 180 days preceding the certification. 


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1 ‘‘(2) PUBLICATION OF CERTIFICATION.—Not 

2 later than 15 days after submitting a certification 

3 under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall publish the 

4 certification in the Federal Register. 

5 ‘‘(b) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—On and after the 

6 date that is 90 days after the publication of a certification 

7 under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) indicating that the 

8 Government of the Russian Federation has interfered with 

9 the freedom of navigation of one or more vessels as de10 scribed in paragraph (1) of that subsection, all entities 

11 operating in the shipbuilding sector of the Russian Fed12 eration shall be subject to the same restrictions as an enti13 ty included on the list of specially designated nationals and 

14 blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign As15 sets Control of the Department of the Treasury. 

16 ‘‘(c) REMOVAL OF SANCTIONS.—The restrictions im17 posed pursuant to subsection (b) shall remain in effect 

18 until the date on which the Secretary of State determines 

19 and certifies to the committees specified in subsection (d) 

20 that— 

21 ‘‘(1) the Government of the Russian Federa22 tion, including the armed forces and coast guard of 

23 the Russian Federation, has not interfered with the 

24 freedom of navigation of any vessels in the Kerch 

25 Strait or elsewhere in a manner inconsistent with 


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1 international law during the 3-year period preceding 

2 the submission of that certification; and 

3 ‘‘(2) the Government of the Russian Federation 

4 has provided assurances that that Government will 

5 not engage in such interference in the future. 

6 ‘‘(d) COMMITTEES SPECIFIED.—The committees 

7 specified in this subsection are— 

8 ‘‘(1) the appropriate congressional committees; 

9 and 

10 ‘‘(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the 

11 Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the 

12 House of Representatives.’’. 

13 SEC. 604. CONFORMING AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS. 

14 (a) IMPLEMENTATION AND PENALTIES.—Part 2 of 

15 subtitle A of title II of the Countering America’s Adver16 saries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), 

17 as amended by sections 602 and 603, is further amended 

18 by inserting after section 239F the following: 

19 ‘‘SEC. 239G. IMPLEMENTATION AND PENALTIES. 

20 ‘‘(a) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may exercise 

21 all authorities provided to the President under sections 

22 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic 

23 Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this 

24 part. 


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1 ‘‘(b) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, attempts 

2 to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this 

3 part or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry 

4 out this part shall be subject to the penalties set forth 

5 in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the Inter6 national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 

7 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an 

8 unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.’’. 

9 (b) DEFINITIONS.—Section 221 of the Countering 

10 America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 

11 9521) is amended— 

12 (1) by redesignating paragraph (6) as para13 graph (7); and 

14 (2) by inserting after paragraph (5) the fol15 lowing: 

16 ‘‘(6) RUSSIAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTION.—The 

17 term ‘Russian financial institution’ means— 

18 ‘‘(A) a financial institution organized 

19 under the laws of the Russian Federation or 

20 any jurisdiction within the Russian Federation, 

21 including a foreign branch of such an institu22 tion; 

23 ‘‘(B) a financial institution located in the 

24 Russian Federation; 


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1 ‘‘(C) a financial institution, wherever lo2 cated, owned or controlled by the Government 

3 of the Russian Federation; and 

4 ‘‘(D) a financial institution, wherever lo5 cated, owned or controlled by a financial insti6 tution described in subparagraph (A), (B), or 

7 (C).’’. 

8 (c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 

9 for the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanc10 tions Act is amended by striking the items relating to sec11 tions 235 through 238 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Sec. 235. Sanctions with respect to transactions with certain Russian political 

figures and oligarchs. 

‘‘Sec. 236. Sanctions with respect to transactions with the cyber sector of the 

Russian Federation. 

‘‘Sec. 237. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to investments in 

Russian liquefied natural gas export facilities. 

‘‘Sec. 238. Prohibition on transactions relating to new sovereign debt of the 

Russian Federation. 

‘‘Sec. 239. Sanctions with respect to Russian financial institutions that support 

interference in democratic processes or elections. 

‘‘Sec. 239A. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to investments in 

energy projects supported by Russian state-owned or parastatal 

entities outside of the Russian Federation. 

‘‘Sec. 239B. Sanctions with respect to support for the development of crude oil 

resources in the Russian Federation. 

‘‘Sec. 239C. Sanctions with respect to Russian detention of 24 Ukrainian naval 

personnel on and after November 25, 2018. 

‘‘Sec. 239D. Sanctions for violations by the Russian Federation of freedom of 

navigation. 

‘‘Sec. 239E. Sanctions described. 

‘‘Sec. 239F. Exceptions, waiver, and termination. 

‘‘Sec. 239G. Implementation and penalties. 

‘‘Sec. 239H. Exception relating to activities of the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration. 

‘‘Sec. 239I. Rule of construction.’’. 

12 (d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Part 2 of subtitle 

13 A of title II of the Countering America’s Adversaries 


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1 Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as 

2 amended by this section, is further amended— 

3 (1) in section 231, by striking subsection (e); 

4 and 

5 (2) by striking ‘‘section 235’’ each place it ap6 pears and inserting ‘‘section 239E’’. 

7 (e) GUIDANCE.—The President shall, in a prompt 

8 and timely way, publish guidance on the implementation 

9 of this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle 

10 and any regulations prescribed pursuant to this subtitle 

11 or any such amendment. 

12 SEC. 605. CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW AND CONTINUED AP13 PLICABILITY OF SANCTIONS UNDER THE 

14 SERGEI MAGNITSKY RULE OF LAW ACCOUNT15 ABILITY ACT OF 2012. 

16 Section 216(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Russia Sanctions Re17 view Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9511(a)(2)(B)(i)) is amend18 ed— 

19 (1) in subclause (II), by striking ‘‘; or’’ and in20 serting a semicolon; 

21 (2) in subclause (III), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 

22 inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 

23 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

24 ‘‘(IV) the Sergei Magnitsky Rule 

25 of Law Accountability Act of 2012 


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1 (title IV of Public Law 112–208; 22 

2 U.S.C. 5811 note); and’’. 

3 Subtitle B—Coordination With the 

4 European Union 

5 SEC. 611. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON COORDINATION WITH 

6 ALLIES WITH RESPECT TO SANCTIONS WITH 

7 RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 

8 It is the sense of Congress that the President 

9 should— 

10 (1) continue to uphold and seek unity with Eu11 ropean and other key partners with respect to sanc12 tions implemented with respect to the Russian Fed13 eration, which have been effective and instrumental 

14 in countering the aggression of the Russian Federa15 tion; 

16 (2) engage to the fullest extent possible with 

17 governments that are partners of the United States 

18 with regard to closing loopholes, including the allow19 ance of extended prepayment for the delivery of 

20 goods and commodities and other loopholes, in mul21 tilateral and unilateral restrictive measures against 

22 the Russian Federation, with the aim of maximizing 

23 alignment of those measures; and 

24 (3) increase efforts to vigorously enforce com25 pliance with sanctions in place as of the date of the 


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1 enactment of this Act with respect to the Russian 

2 Federation in response to the crises in Ukraine and 

3 Syria, cyber intrusions and attacks, and human 

4 rights violators in the Russian Federation. 

5 SEC. 612. OFFICE OF SANCTIONS COORDINATION OF THE 

6 DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the State Depart8 ment Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a), 

9 as amended by section 211, is further amended— 

10 (1) by redesignating subsection (h) as sub11 section (i); and 

12 (2) by inserting after subsection (g) the fol13 lowing: 

14 ‘‘(h) OFFICE OF SANCTIONS COORDINATION.— 

15 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established, within 

16 the Department of State, an Office of Sanctions Co17 ordination (referred to in this subsection as the ‘Of18 fice’). 

19 ‘‘(2) HEAD.—The head of the Office shall— 

20 ‘‘(A) have the rank and status of ambas21 sador; 

22 ‘‘(B) be appointed by the President, by 

23 and with the advice and consent of the Senate; 

24 and 


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1 ‘‘(C) report to the Under Secretary for Po2 litical Affairs. 

3 ‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The head of the Office shall— 

4 ‘‘(A) serve as the principal advisor to the 

5 senior management of the Department and the 

6 Secretary regarding the role of the Department 

7 in the development and implementation of sanc8 tions policy, including sanctions with respect to 

9 the Russian Federation, Iran, North Korea, 

10 and other countries; 

11 ‘‘(B) represent the United States in diplo12 matic and multilateral fora on sanctions mat13 ters; 

14 ‘‘(C) consult and closely coordinate with 

15 the European Union to ensure the maximum ef16 fectiveness of sanctions imposed by the United 

17 States and the European Union with respect to 

18 the Russian Federation; 

19 ‘‘(D) advise the Secretary directly and pro20 vide input with respect to all activities, policies, 

21 and programs of all bureaus and offices of the 

22 Department relating to the implementation of 

23 sanctions policy; and 

24 ‘‘(E) serve as the principal liaison of the 

25 Department to other Federal agencies involved 


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1 in the design and implementation of sanctions 

2 policy. 

3 ‘‘(4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 

4 this subsection may be construed to preclude— 

5 ‘‘(A) the Office from being elevated to a 

6 Bureau within the Department; or 

7 ‘‘(B) the head of the Office from being ele8 vated to level of an Assistant Secretary.’’. 

9 (b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 60 days 

10 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 

11 shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 

12 a report detailing the efforts of the Office of Sanctions 

13 Coordination established under the amendments made by 

14 subsection (a) to coordinate sanctions policy with the Eu15 ropean Union. 

16 SEC. 613. REPORT ON COORDINATION OF SANCTIONS BE17 TWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN 

18 UNION. 

19 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 

20 date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days 

21 thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate 

22 congressional committees a report that includes the fol23 lowing: 

24 (1) A description of each instance, during the 

25 period specified in subsection (b)— 


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1 (A) in which the United States has im2 posed sanctions with respect to a person for ac3 tivity related to the Russian Federation, but in 

4 which the European Union has not imposed 

5 corresponding sanctions; and 

6 (B) in which the European Union has im7 posed sanctions with respect to a person for ac8 tivity related to the Russian Federation, but in 

9 which the United States has not imposed cor10 responding sanctions. 

11 (2) An explanation for the reason for each dis12 crepancy between sanctions imposed by the Euro13 pean Union and sanctions imposed by the United 

14 States described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 

15 paragraph (1). 

16 (b) PERIOD SPECIFIED.—The period specified in this 

17 subsection is— 

18 (1) in the case of the first report submitted 

19 under subsection (a), the period beginning on the 

20 date of the enactment of this Act and ending on the 

21 date the report is submitted; and 

22 (2) in the case of a subsequent such report, the 

23 180-day period preceding the submission of the re24 port. 


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1 (c) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required by sub2 section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may 

3 include a classified annex. 

4 (d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES

5 DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con6 gressional committees’’ means— 

7 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

8 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af9 fairs, and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; 

10 and 

11 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

12 Committee on Financial Services, and the Com13 mittee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep14 resentatives. 

15 Subtitle C—Reports Relating to 

16 Sanctions With Respect to the 

17 Russian Federation 

18 SEC. 621. DEFINITIONS. 

19 In this subtitle: 

20 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT21 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com22 mittees’’ means— 

23 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, 

24 the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 


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1 Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Finance 

2 of the Senate; and 

3 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

4 Committee on Financial Services, and the Com5 mittee on Ways and Means of the House of 

6 Representatives. 

7 (2) SENIOR FOREIGN POLITICAL FIGURE.—The 

8 term ‘‘senior foreign political figure’’ has the mean9 ing given that term in section 1010.605 of title 31, 

10 Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding 

11 similar regulation or ruling). 

12 SEC. 622. UPDATED REPORT ON OLIGARCHS AND 

13 PARASTATAL ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN 

14 FEDERATION. 

15 Section 241 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

16 Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 

17 922) is amended— 

18 (1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as 

19 subsections (c) and (d), respectively; 

20 (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol21 lowing: 

22 ‘‘(b) UPDATED REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 

23 after the date of the enactment of the Defending American 

24 Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the Sec25 retary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Director 


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1 of National Intelligence and the Secretary of State, shall 

2 submit to the appropriate congressional committees an up3 dated report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the 

4 Russian Federation that builds on the report submitted 

5 under subsection (a) on January 29, 2018, and that in6 cludes the matters described in paragraphs (1) through 

7 (5) of subsection (a).’’; and 

8 (3) in subsection (c), as redesignated by para9 graph (1), by striking ‘‘The report required under 

10 subsection (a)’’ and inserting ‘‘The reports required 

11 by subsections (a) and (b)’’. 

12 SEC. 623. REPORT ON SECTION 224 OF THE COUNTERING 

13 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC14 TIONS ACT. 

15 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

16 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub17 mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 

18 that describes the persons that the President has deter19 mined under section 224(a)(1)(A) of the Countering 

20 America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 

21 9524(a)(1)(A)) knowingly engaged, on or after August 2, 

22 2017, and before the date of the report, in significant ac23 tivities undermining cybersecurity against any person, in24 cluding a democratic institution or government on behalf 

25 of the Government of the Russian Federation. 


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1 (b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection 

2 (a) shall contain the following: 

3 (1) A list of the persons described in subsection 

4 (a). 

5 (2) A description of diplomatic efforts to work 

6 with governments and democratic institutions in 

7 other countries the cybersecurity of which the Presi8 dent determines has been undermined by the Gov9 ernment of the Russian Federation. 

10 (c) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

11 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

12 the President shall submit to the appropriate congres13 sional committees an update to the report required by sub14 section (a). 

15 SEC. 624. REPORT ON SECTION 225 OF THE COUNTERING 

16 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC17 TIONS ACT. 

18 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

19 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub20 mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 

21 that describes the foreign persons that the President has 

22 determined under section 4(b)(1) of the Ukraine Freedom 

23 Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8923(b)(1)), as amended 

24 by section 225 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

25 Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 


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1 910), have knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, and 

2 before the date of the report, made a significant invest3 ment in a special Russian crude oil project. 

4 (b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

5 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

6 the President shall submit to the appropriate congres7 sional committees an update to the report required by sub8 section (a). 

9 SEC. 625. REPORT ON SECTION 226 OF THE COUNTERING 

10 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC11 TIONS ACT. 

12 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

13 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub14 mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 

15 that describes the foreign financial institutions that the 

16 President has determined under section 5(a) of the 

17 Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 

18 8924(a)), as amended by section 226 of the Countering 

19 America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (Public 

20 Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 910), have knowingly engaged, on 

21 or after August 2, 2017, and before the date of the report, 

22 in significant transactions involving significant invest23 ments in a special Russian crude oil project described in 

24 section 4(b)(1) of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 

25 2014. 


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1 (b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

2 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

3 the President shall submit to the appropriate congres4 sional committees an update to the report required by sub5 section (a). 

6 SEC. 626. REPORT ON SECTION 228 OF THE COUNTERING 

7 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC8 TIONS ACT. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

10 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub11 mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 

12 that describes the foreign persons that the President has 

13 determined under subsection (a) of section 10 of the Sup14 port for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Eco15 nomic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8909), 

16 as added by section 228 of the Countering America’s Ad17 versaries Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 

18 131 Stat. 911), have, on or after August 2, 2017, and 

19 before the date of the report— 

20 (1) materially violated, attempted to violate, 

21 conspired to violate, or caused a violation of any li22 cense, order, regulation, or prohibition contained in 

23 or issued pursuant to any covered Executive order 

24 (as defined in subsection (f) of such section 10), the 

25 Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, 


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1 and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 

2 U.S.C. 8901 et seq.), or the Ukraine Freedom Sup3 port Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.); or 

4 (2) facilitated a significant transaction or trans5 actions, including deceptive or structured trans6 actions, for or on behalf of— 

7 (A) any person subject to sanctions im8 posed by the United States with respect to the 

9 Russian Federation; or 

10 (B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling of 

11 an individual described in subparagraph (A). 

12 (b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

13 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

14 the President shall submit to the appropriate congres15 sional committees an update to the report required by sub16 section (a). 

17 SEC. 627. REPORT ON SECTION 233 OF THE COUNTERING 

18 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC19 TIONS ACT. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

21 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub22 mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 

23 that describes the foreign persons that the President has 

24 determined under section 233 of the Countering America’s 

25 Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9527) 


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1 have made, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the 

2 date of the report, an investment of $10,000,000 or more 

3 (or any combination of investments of not less than 

4 $1,000,000 each, which in the aggregate equals or exceeds 

5 $10,000,000 in any 12-month period), or facilitated such 

6 an investment, if the investment directly and significantly 

7 contributes to the ability of the Russian Federation to pri8 vatize state-owned assets in a manner that unjustly bene9 fits— 

10 (1) officials of the Government of the Russian 

11 Federation; or 

12 (2) close associates or family members of those 

13 officials. 

14 (b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

15 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

16 the President shall submit to the appropriate congres17 sional committees an update to the report required by sub18 section (a). 

19 SEC. 628. REPORT ON SECTION 234 OF THE COUNTERING 

20 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC21 TIONS ACT. 

22 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

23 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub24 mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 

25 that describes the foreign persons that the President has 


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1 determined under section 234 of the Countering America’s 

2 Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9528) 

3 have knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, and before 

4 the date of the report, exported, transferred, or otherwise 

5 provided to Syria significant financial, material, or techno6 logical support that contributes materially to the ability 

7 of the Government of Syria to— 

8 (1) acquire or develop chemical, biological, or 

9 nuclear weapons or related technologies; 

10 (2) acquire or develop ballistic or cruise missile 

11 capabilities; 

12 (3) acquire or develop destabilizing numbers 

13 and types of advanced conventional weapons; 

14 (4) acquire significant defense articles, defense 

15 services, or defense information (as such terms are 

16 defined under the Arms Export Control Act (22 

17 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.)); or 

18 (5) acquire items designated by the President 

19 for purposes of the United States Munitions List 

20 under section 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control 

21 Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)). 

22 (b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

23 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

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1 sional committees an update to the report required by sub2 section (a). 

3 Subtitle D—General Provisions 

4 SEC. 641. EXCEPTION RELATING TO ACTIVITIES OF THE NA5 TIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS6 TRATION. 

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—This title and the amendments 

8 made by this title shall not apply with respect to activities 

9 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 

10 (b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this title 

11 or the amendments made by this title shall be construed 

12 to authorize the imposition of any sanction or other condi13 tion, limitation, restriction, or prohibition, that directly or 

14 indirectly impedes the supply by any entity of the Russian 

15 Federation of any product or service, or the procurement 

16 of such product or service by any contractor or subcon17 tractor of the United States or any other entity, relating 

18 to or in connection with any space launch conducted for— 

19 (1) the National Aeronautics and Space Admin20 istration; or 

21 (2) any other non-Department of Defense cus22 tomer. 

23 SEC. 642. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 

24 Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this 

25 title shall be construed— 


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1 (1) to supersede the limitations or exceptions on 

2 the use of rocket engines for national security pur3 poses under section 1608 of the Carl Levin and 

4 Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Au5 thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 

6 113–291; 128 Stat. 3626; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note), as 

7 amended by section 1607 of the National Defense 

8 Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 

9 114–92; 129 Stat. 1100) and section 1602 of the 

10 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 

11 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 2582); or 

12 (2) to prohibit a contractor or subcontractor of 

13 the Department of Defense from acquiring compo14 nents referred to in such section 1608. 

15 TITLE VII—OTHER MATTERS RE16 LATING TO THE RUSSIAN 

17 FEDERATION 

18 SEC. 701. DETERMINATION ON DESIGNATION OF THE RUS19 SIAN FEDERATION AS A STATE SPONSOR OF 

20 TERRORISM. 

21 (a) DETERMINATION.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 

23 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

24 of State shall submit to the appropriate congres25 sional committees a determination of whether the 


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1 Russian Federation meets the criteria for designa2 tion as a state sponsor of terrorism. 

3 (2) FORM.—The determination required by 

4 paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified 

5 form but may include a classified annex, if appro6 priate. 

7 (b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

8 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT9 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com10 mittees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations 

11 of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 

12 of the House of Representatives. 

13 (2) STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.—The term 

14 ‘‘state sponsor of terrorism’’ means a country the 

15 government of which the Secretary of State has de16 termined is a government that has repeatedly pro17 vided support for acts of international terrorism, for 

18 purposes of— 

19 (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export 

20 Control Reform Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 

21 4813(c)(1)(A)(i)); 

22 (B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance 

23 Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371); 

24 (C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Con25 trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or 


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1 (D) any other provision of law. 

2 SEC. 702. EXPANSION OF GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING OR3 DERS OF FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT 

4 NETWORK. 

5 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 5326 of title 31, United 

6 States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol7 lowing: 

8 ‘‘(e) REPORTING BY TITLE INSURANCE COMPA9 NIES.— 

10 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall issue 

11 an order under subsection (a) requiring a domestic 

12 title insurance company to obtain, maintain, and re13 port to the Secretary information on the beneficial 

14 owners of entities that purchase residential real es15 tate in high-value transactions in which the domestic 

16 title insurance company is involved. 

17 ‘‘(2) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 

18 ‘‘(A) BENEFICIAL OWNER.—The term 

19 ‘beneficial owner’, with respect to an entity, 

20 means an individual who, directly or indirectly, 

21 owns 25 percent or more of the equity interests 

22 in the entity. 

23 ‘‘(B) DOMESTIC TITLE INSURANCE COM24 PANY.—The term ‘domestic title insurance comVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:06 Dec 19, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00087 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S482.RS S482

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1 pany’ has the meaning given that term in regu2 lations prescribed by the Secretary. 

3 ‘‘(C) HIGH-VALUE TRANSACTION.—The 

4 term ‘high-value’, with respect to a real estate 

5 transaction, has the meaning given that term in 

6 regulations prescribed by the Secretary based 

7 on the real estate market in which the trans8 action takes place.’’. 

9 (b) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 90 days after the 

10 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the 

11 Treasury shall prescribe regulations to carry out the 

12 amendment made by subsection (a). 

13 (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

14 are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such 

15 sums as may be necessary to carry out the amendment 

16 made by subsection (a). 

17 SEC. 703. EXTENSION OF LIMITATIONS ON IMPORTATION 

18 OF URANIUM FROM RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 

19 Section 3112A(c) of the USEC Privatization Act (42 

20 U.S.C. 2297h–10a(c)) is amended— 

21 (1) in paragraph (2)(A)— 

22 (A) in clause (vi), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 

23 inserting a semicolon; 

24 (B) in clause (vii), by striking the period 

25 and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 


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1 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

2 ‘‘(viii) in calendar year 2021, 463,620 

3 kilograms; 

4 ‘‘(ix) in calendar year 2022, 456,930 

5 kilograms; 

6 ‘‘(x) in calendar year 2023, 449,810 

7 kilograms; 

8 ‘‘(xi) in calendar year 2024, 435,933 

9 kilograms; 

10 ‘‘(xii) in calendar year 2025, 421,659 

11 kilograms; 

12 ‘‘(xiii) in calendar year 2026, 421,659 

13 kilograms; 

14 ‘‘(xiv) in calendar year 2027, 394,072 

15 kilograms; 

16 ‘‘(xv) in calendar year 2028, 386,951 

17 kilograms; 

18 ‘‘(xvi) in calendar year 2029, 386,951 

19 kilograms; and 

20 ‘‘(xvii) in calendar year 2030, 

21 375,791 kilograms.’’; 

22 (2) in paragraph (3)— 

23 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking the 

24 semicolon and inserting ‘‘; or’’; 


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1 (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘; 

2 or’’ and inserting a period; and 

3 (C) by striking subparagraph (C); 

4 (3) in paragraph (5)(A), by striking ‘‘reference 

5 data’’ and all that follows through ‘‘2019’’ and in6 serting the following: ‘‘lower scenario data in the 

7 document of the World Nuclear Association entitled 

8 ‘Nuclear Fuel Report: Global Scenarios for Demand 

9 and Supply Availability 2017–2035’. In each of cal10 endar years 2022, 2025, and 2028’’; and 

11 (4) in paragraph (9), by striking ‘‘December 

12 31, 2020’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2030’’. 

13 SEC. 704. ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL FUSION CEN14 TER TO RESPOND TO THREATS FROM THE 

15 GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERA16 TION. 

17 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established a Na18 tional Fusion Center to Respond to Hybrid Threats, which 

19 shall focus primarily on such threats from the Government 

20 of the Russian Federation, and shall be chaired by senior 

21 United States Government officials from participating 

22 agencies (in this section referred to as the ‘‘Center’’). 

23 (b) MISSION.—The primary missions of the Center 

24 are as follows: 


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1 (1) To serve as the primary organization in the 

2 United States Government to coordinate analysis 

3 and policy implementation across the United States 

4 Government in responding to hybrid threats posed 

5 by the Government of the Russian Federation to the 

6 national security, sovereignty, democracy, and eco7 nomic activity of the United States and United 

8 States allies, including the following activities: 

9 (A) Execution of disinformation, misin10 formation, and propaganda campaigns through 

11 traditional and social media platforms. 

12 (B) Formation, infiltration, or manipula13 tion of cultural, religious, educational, and po14 litical organizations or parties. 

15 (C) Covert transfer of illicit money through 

16 shell corporations and financial institutions to 

17 facilitate corruption, crime, and malign influ18 ence activities, including through political par19 ties and interest groups. 

20 (D) Coercive tactics and gray zone activi21 ties, including through para-military and para22 police and security services and militias. 

23 (E) Cyber and other non-traditional 

24 threats, including against public infrastructure, 


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1 government institutions, or political organiza2 tions or actors. 

3 (F) Use of energy resources or infrastruc4 ture to influence or constrain sovereign states 

5 and political actors. 

6 (2) To synchronize the efforts of the Depart7 ment of State, the Department of the Treasury, the 

8 Department of Defense, the Department of Home9 land Security, the intelligence community, other rel10 evant civilian United States Government agencies, 

11 and United States military combatant commands 

12 with respect to countering efforts by the Government 

13 of the Russian Federation to undermine the national 

14 security, political sovereignty, democratic institu15 tions, and economic activity of the United States 

16 and its United States allies, including by— 

17 (A) ensuring that each such element is 

18 aware of and coordinating on such efforts; and 

19 (B) overseeing the development and imple20 mentation of comprehensive and integrated pol21 icy responses to such efforts. 

22 (3) In coordination with the head of the Global 

23 Engagement Center established by section 1287 of 

24 the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 

25 Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 


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1 note), to examine current and emerging efforts by 

2 malign state actors to use propaganda and 

3 disinformation operations, including— 

4 (A) traditional media platforms such as 

5 television, radio, and print; and 

6 (B) social media platforms and other 

7 Internet communication tools. 

8 (4) To identify and close gaps across the de9 partments and agencies of the Federal Government 

10 with respect to expertise, readiness, and planning to 

11 address the threats posed by the Government of the 

12 Russian Federation. 

13 (c) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Center 

15 shall submit to the appropriate congressional com16 mittees every 180 days a report on threats posed by 

17 the Russian Federation to the national security, sov18 ereignty, and economic activity of the United States 

19 and its allies. 

20 (2) MATTERS INCLUDED.—Each report under 

21 paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to the pe22 riod covered by the report, a discussion of the fol23 lowing: 

24 (A) The nature, extent, and execution of 

25 the threats described in such paragraph. 


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1 (B) The ability of the United States Gov2 ernment to identify and defend against such 

3 threats. 

4 (C) The progress of the Center in achiev5 ing its missions, including through coordination 

6 with other governments and multilateral organi7 zations. 

8 (D) Recommendations the Director deter9 mines necessary for legislative actions to im10 prove the ability of the Center to achieve its 

11 missions. 

12 (3) FORM.—Each report under paragraph (1) 

13 shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in14 clude a classified annex. 

15 (d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

16 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT17 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com18 mittees’’ means— 

19 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, 

20 the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 

21 Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Finance 

22 of the Senate; and 

23 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

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1 mittee on Ways and Means of the House of 

2 Representatives. 

3 (2) INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.—The term 

4 ‘‘intelligence community’’ means an element of the 

5 intelligence community specified or designated under 

6 section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947. 

7 (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

8 are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be 

9 necessary to carry out this section. 

10 SEC. 705. COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE FUND. 

11 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

12 authorized to be appropriated for the Countering Russian 

13 Influence Fund described in section 7070(d) of the De14 partment of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Pro15 grams Appropriations Act, 2017 (division J of Public Law 

16 115–31; 131 Stat. 706), $250,000,000 for fiscal years 

17 2020 and 2021. 

18 (b) USE OF FUNDS.—Amounts in the Countering 

19 Russian Influence Fund shall be used in countries of Eu20 rope and Eurasia the Secretary of State has determined 

21 are vulnerable to malign influence by the Russian Federa22 tion to effectively implement, subject to the availability of 

23 funds, the following goals: 

24 (1) To assist in protecting critical infrastruc25 ture and electoral mechanisms from cyberattacks. 


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1 (2) To combat corruption, improve the rule of 

2 law, and otherwise strengthen independent judi3 ciaries and prosecutors general offices. 

4 (3) To respond to the humanitarian crises and 

5 instability caused or aggravated by the invasions and 

6 occupations of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine by 

7 the Russian Federation. 

8 (4) To improve participatory legislative proc9 esses and legal education, political transparency and 

10 competition, and compliance with international obli11 gations. 

12 (5) To build the capacity of civil society, media, 

13 and other nongovernmental organizations countering 

14 the influence and propaganda of the Russian Fed15 eration to combat corruption, prioritize access to 

16 truthful information, and operate freely in all re17 gions. 

18 (6) To assist the Secretary of State in exe19 cuting the functions specified in section 1239(b) of 

20 the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 

21 Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 10 U.S.C. 113 

22 note) for the purposes of recognizing, understanding, 

23 exposing, and countering propaganda and 

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1 retary or Assistant Secretaries of the Department of 

2 State. 

3 (c) REVISION OF ACTIVITIES FOR WHICH AMOUNTS

4 MAY BE USED.—The Secretary of State may modify a 

5 goal described in subsection (b) if, not later than 15 days 

6 before revising such goal, the Secretary notifies the appro7 priate congressional committees of the revision. 

8 (d) IMPLEMENTATION.— 

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall, 

10 acting through the Coordinator of United States As11 sistance to Europe and Eurasia (authorized pursu12 ant to section 601 of the Support for East European 

13 Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5461) 

14 and section 102 of the Freedom for Russia and 

15 Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets 

16 Support Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 5812)), and in con17 sultation with the Administrator for the United 

18 States Agency for International Development, the 

19 Director of the Global Engagement Center of the 

20 Department of State, the Secretary of Defense, 

21 EUCOM, the Chief Executive Officer of the United 

22 States Agency for Global Media, and the heads of 

23 other relevant Federal agencies, coordinate and 

24 carry out activities to achieve the goals described in 

25 subsection (b). 


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1 (2) METHOD.—Activities to achieve the goals 

2 described in subsection (b) shall be carried out 

3 through— 

4 (A) initiatives of the United States Gov5 ernment; 

6 (B) Federal grant programs such as the 

7 Information Access Fund; 

8 (C) nongovernmental or international orga9 nizations; or 

10 (D) support exchanges with countries fac11 ing state-sponsored disinformation and pressure 

12 campaigns, particularly in Europe and Eurasia, 

13 provided that a portion of the funds are made 

14 available through a process whereby the Bureau 

15 of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the De16 partment of State solicits proposals from posts 

17 located in affected countries to counter state18 sponsored disinformation and hybrid threats, 

19 promote democracy, and support exchanges 

20 with countries facing state-sponsored 

21 disinformation and pressure campaigns. 

22 (3) REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION.— 

23 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than April 1 

24 of each year, the Secretary of State, acting 

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1 sistance to Europe and Eurasia, shall submit to 

2 the appropriate congressional committees a re3 port on the programs and activities carried out 

4 to achieve the goals described in subsection (b) 

5 during the preceding fiscal year. 

6 (B) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by 

7 subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to 

8 each program or activity described in that sub9 paragraph— 

10 (i) the amount of funding for the pro11 gram or activity; 

12 (ii) the goal described in subsection 

13 (b) to which the program or activity re14 lates; and 

15 (iii) an assessment of whether or not 

16 the goal was met. 

17 (e) COORDINATION WITH GLOBAL PARTNERS.— 

18 (1) IN GENERAL.—In order to maximize im19 pact, eliminate duplication, and speed the achieve20 ment of the goals described in subsection (b), the 

21 Secretary of State shall ensure coordination with— 

22 (A) the European Union and its institu23 tions; 


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1 (B) the governments of countries that are 

2 members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organi3 zation or the European Union; and 

4 (C) international organizations and quasi5 governmental funding entities that carry out 

6 programs and activities that seek to accomplish 

7 the goals described in subsection (b). 

8 (f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec9 tion shall be construed to apply to or limit United States 

10 foreign assistance not provided using amounts available in 

11 the Countering Russian Influence Fund. 

12 (g) EXPANSION OF PILOT PROGRAM.— 

13 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall 

14 expand the pilot program required under section 

15 254(g) of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

16 Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9543(g)) to hire 

17 additional personnel within the Bureau for Democ18 racy, Human Rights, and Labor to develop and im19 plement programs focused on combating corruption, 

20 improving rule of law, and building capacity of civil 

21 society, political parties, and independent media. 

22 (2) REPORT ON ENSURING ADEQUATE STAFF23 ING FOR GOVERNANCE ACTIVITIES.—Not later than 

24 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 

25 the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee 


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1 on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appro2 priations of the Senate and the Committee on For3 eign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of 

4 the House of Representatives a report on implemen5 tation of the pilot program required under section 

6 254(g) of the Countering Russian Influence in Eu7 rope and Eurasia Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9543(g)). 

8 (h) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES

9 DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con10 gressional committees’’ means— 

11 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

12 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af13 fairs, and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; 

14 and 

15 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

16 Committee on Financial Services, and the Com17 mittee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep18 resentatives. 

19 SEC. 706. COORDINATING AID AND ASSISTANCE ACROSS 

20 EUROPE AND EURASIA. 

21 It is the sense of Congress that— 

22 (1) the Government of the Russian Federation 

23 has applied, and continues to apply traditional uses 

24 of force, intelligence operations, cyber attacks, and 

25 influence campaigns, including through the use of 


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1 corruption, disinformation, and cultural and social 

2 influence, which represent clear and present threats 

3 to the countries of Europe and Eurasia; 

4 (2) in response, governments in Europe and 

5 Eurasia should redouble efforts to build resilience 

6 within their institutions, political systems, and civil 

7 societies; 

8 (3) the United States Government supports the 

9 democratic and rule of law-based institutions that 

10 the Government of the Russian Federation seeks to 

11 undermine, including the North Atlantic Treaty Or12 ganization, the Organization for Security and Co13 operation in Europe, and the European Union; 

14 (4) the United States Government should con15 tinue to work with and strengthen such institutions, 

16 including the European Union, as a partner against 

17 aggression by the Government of the Russian Fed18 eration through the coordination of aid programs, 

19 development assistance, and other efforts to counter 

20 malign Russian influence; 

21 (5) the United States Government should con22 tinue to work with the individual countries of Eu23 rope and Eurasia to bolster efforts to counter ma24 lign Russian influence in all its forms; and 


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1 (6) the United States Government should in2 crease assistance and diplomatic efforts in Europe, 

3 including in European Union and NATO countries, 

4 to address threats to fundamental human rights and 

5 backsliding in rule of law protections, operating 

6 space for independent media and civil society, and 

7 other democratic institutions, whose strength is crit8 ical to defending against malign Russian influence 

9 over the long term. 

10 SEC. 707. ADDRESSING ABUSE AND MISUSE BY THE RUS11 SIAN FEDERATION OF INTERPOL RED NO12 TICES AND RED DIFFUSIONS. 

13 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find14 ings: 

15 (1) The International Criminal Police Organiza16 tion (commonly known as ‘‘INTERPOL’’) works to 

17 prevent and fight crime through enhanced coopera18 tion and innovation on police and security matters, 

19 including counterterrorism, cybercrime, counter20 narcotics, and transnational organized crime. 

21 (2) United States membership and participation 

22 in INTERPOL advances the national security and 

23 law enforcement interests of the United States re24 lated to combating counterterrorism, cybercrime, 


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1 counternarcotics, and combating transnational orga2 nized crime. 

3 (3) Article 2 of INTERPOL’s Constitution 

4 states that the organization aims ‘‘[t]o ensure and 

5 promote the widest possible mutual assistance be6 tween all criminal police authorities [. . .] in the 

7 spirit of the ‘Universal Declaration of Human 

8 Rights’ ’’. 

9 (4) Article 3 of INTERPOL’s Constitution 

10 states that, ‘‘[i]t is strictly forbidden for the Organi11 zation to undertake any intervention or activities of 

12 a political, military, religious or racial character.’’. 

13 (5) Independent international nongovernmental 

14 organizations have documented how several 

15 INTERPOL member countries, including the Gov16 ernment of the Russian Federation and others, have 

17 used INTERPOL’s processes, including the red no18 tice and red diffusion mechanisms, for activities of 

19 a political character. 

20 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con21 gress that the Government of the Russian Federation and 

22 the governments of certain other countries have repeatedly 

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1 tivities such as harassing or persecuting political oppo2 nents, human rights defenders, or journalists. 

3 (c) CENSURE OF ABUSIVE ACTIVITY AND INSTITU4 TIONAL REFORMS.—The Attorney General, in coordina5 tion with the Secretary of State, shall use the voice, vote, 

6 and influence of the United States at INTERPOL— 

7 (1) to inform the General Secretariat about 

8 cases in which countries are misusing its systems for 

9 activities of a political character or other purposes 

10 contrary to INTERPOL’s Constitution, so that ap11 propriate measures may be taken by INTERPOL; 

12 (2) to advance institutional reforms at 

13 INTERPOL, including in the General Secretariat, 

14 the Commission for the Control of Files, and the 

15 Notices and Diffusions Task Force within the Gen16 eral Secretariat, to prevent member countries from 

17 abusing and misusing INTERPOL’s red notice and 

18 diffusion mechanisms; 

19 (3) to increase, to the extent practicable, dedi20 cated funding to the Commission for the Control of 

21 Files and the Notices and Diffusions Task Force in 

22 order to further expand operations related to the re23 view of requests for red notices and red diffusions; 

24 and 


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1 (4) to censure member countries that repeatedly 

2 abuse and misuse INTERPOL’s red notice and red 

3 diffusion mechanisms, including restricting the ac4 cess of those countries to INTERPOL’s data sys5 tems. 

6 (d) REPORT ON UNITED STATES SUPPORT FOR

7 INTERPOL REFORMS.— 

8 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 

9 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

10 of State, in consultation with the Attorney General, 

11 shall submit to the appropriate congressional com12 mittees an unclassified report on United States sup13 port for institutional reforms at INTERPOL that 

14 are necessary to address abuse and misuse of 

15 INTERPOL’s red notice and red diffusion mecha16 nisms. 

17 (2) ELEMENTS.—The report required by para18 graph (1) shall include— 

19 (A) to the extent feasible, a description of 

20 United States support for reforms that increase 

21 INTERPOL’s transparency with respect to— 

22 (i) the number of red notices and red 

23 diffusions requested by each member coun24 try; 


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1 (ii) the number or proportion of re2 quests for red notice or red diffusions re3 jected by INTERPOL, following internal 

4 review, for each member country; 

5 (iii) how INTERPOL’s General Secre6 tariat identifies requests for red notice or 

7 red diffusions that are politically motivated 

8 or are otherwise in violation of 

9 INTERPOL’s rules; and 

10 (iv) how INTERPOL reviews and ad11 dresses cases in which a member country 

12 has abused or misused the red notice and 

13 red diffusion mechanisms for overtly polit14 ical purposes; and 

15 (B) a list of countries that the Secretary 

16 determines have repeatedly abused and misused 

17 the red notice and red diffusion mechanisms for 

18 political purposes. 

19 (3) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The report re20 quired by paragraph (1) shall be posted on a pub21 licly available interest website of the Department of 

22 State and of the Department of Justice. 

23 (e) PROHIBITION AGAINST ACTION ON ABUSIVE RED

24 NOTICES AND RED DIFFUSIONS.—An official of the 

25 United States may not take any action against a person 


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1 based solely on the issuance of an INTERPOL red notice 

2 or red diffusion issued by a country identified on the list 

3 required by paragraph (2)(B) unless the Secretary, in con4 sultation with the Attorney General, determines and cer5 tifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the 

6 red notice or red diffusion was not issued for political pur7 poses. 

8 (f) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE9 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres10 sional committees’’ means— 

11 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 

12 the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and 

13 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 

14 Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep15 resentatives. 

16 SEC. 708. REPORT ON ACCOUNTABILITY FOR WAR CRIMES 

17 AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY BY THE 

18 RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN SYRIA. 

19 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find20 ings: 

21 (1) In March 2016, Amnesty International 

22 issued a report stating, ‘‘Syrian and Russian forces 

23 have been deliberately attacking health facilities in 

24 flagrant violation of international humanitarian law. 

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1 pitals appears to have become part of their military 

2 strategy.’’. 

3 (2) On September 21, 2017, Department of 

4 State Spokesperson Heather Nauert said, ‘‘The 

5 United States is concerned by reports of airstrikes 

6 in Idlib province and northern Hama province on 

7 September 19 and 20 that killed at least three med8 ical personnel and damaged a number of medical fa9 cilities, emergency equipment, and civil defense cen10 ters. These attacks fit an all-too-familiar pattern in 

11 which medical facilities and personnel—and the civil12 ians they serve—are victims of strikes by the Syrian 

13 regime and its Russian allies.’’. 

14 (3) In February 2018, Syrian and Russian air15 strikes in rebel-held areas killed 230 civilians and hit 

16 at least 9 medical facilities. In a statement on Feb17 ruary 10, 2018, the office of Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein, 

18 the United Nations High Commissioner for Human 

19 Rights, said the airstrikes ‘‘may, depending on the 

20 circumstances, all constitute war crimes’’. 

21 (4) On March 6, 2018, the United Nations 

22 Independent International Commission of Inquiry on 

23 the Syrian Arab Republic noted, ‘‘[I]n one particu24 larly harmful attack on 13 November, the Russian 

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1 lated civilian area in Atareb (Aleppo), killing at least 

2 84 people and injuring another 150. Using unguided 

3 weapons, the attack struck a market, police station, 

4 shops, and a restaurant, and may amount to a war 

5 crime.’’. 

6 (b) REPORT REQUIRED.—The Secretary of State 

7 shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 

8 a report on alleged war crimes and crimes against human9 ity attributable to the Government of the Russian Federa10 tion or paramilitary forces or contractors responsive to the 

11 direction of that Government during the operations of that 

12 Government in Syria— 

13 (1) not later than 60 days after the date of the 

14 enactment of this Act; and 

15 (2) not later than 180 days after the date on 

16 which the Secretary of State determines that the vio17 lence in Syria has ceased. 

18 (c) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by subsection 

19 (b) shall include the following: 

20 (1) A description of alleged war crimes and 

21 crimes against humanity described in subsection (b), 

22 including— 

23 (A) any such alleged crimes that may vio24 late the principle of medical neutrality and, if 

25 possible, an identification of the individual or 


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1 individuals who engaged in or organized such 

2 crimes; and 

3 (B) if possible, a description of the conven4 tional and unconventional weapons used for 

5 such alleged crimes and the origins of such 

6 weapons. 

7 (2) An assessment of whether such alleged 

8 crimes constitute war crimes or crimes against hu9 manity, including genocide. 

10 (3) A description and assessment by the Office 

11 of Global Criminal Justice of the Department of 

12 State, the United States Agency for International 

13 Development, the Department of Justice, and other 

14 appropriate Federal agencies, of programs that the 

15 United States Government has undertaken to ensure 

16 accountability for such alleged crimes, including pro17 grams— 

18 (A) to train investigators within and out19 side of Syria on how to document, investigate, 

20 develop findings with respect to, and identify 

21 and locate alleged perpetrators of, such alleged 

22 crimes, including— 

23 (i) the number of United States Gov24 ernment or contractor personnel currently 


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1 designated to work full-time on such train2 ing; and 

3 (ii) an identification of the authorities 

4 and appropriations being used to support 

5 such training; and 

6 (B) to document, collect, preserve, and 

7 protect evidence of such alleged crimes, includ8 ing support for Syrian, foreign, and inter9 national nongovernmental organizations, and 

10 other entities, including the International, Im11 partial and Independent Mechanism to Assist in 

12 the Investigation and Prosecution of Persons 

13 Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under 

14 International Law Committed in the Syrian 

15 Arab Republic since March 2011 and the Inde16 pendent International Commission of Inquiry 

17 on the Syrian Arab Republic of the United Na18 tions. 

19 (d) PROTECTION OF WITNESSES AND EVIDENCE.— 

20 In preparing the report required by subsection (b), the 

21 Secretary shall take due care to ensure that the identities 

22 of witnesses and physical evidence are not publicly dis23 closed in a manner that might place such witnesses at risk 

24 of harm or encourage the destruction of such evidence by 

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1 ment of Syria, violent extremist groups, anti-government 

2 forces, or any other combatants or participants in the con3 flict in Syria. 

4 (e) FORM.—Each report required by subsection (b) 

5 may be submitted in unclassified or classified form, but 

6 shall include a publicly available annex. 

7 (f) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE8 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres9 sional committees’’ means— 

10 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

11 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af12 fairs, and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; 

13 and 

14 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

15 Committee on Financial Services, and the Com16 mittee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep17 resentatives. 

18 SEC. 709. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FED19 ERATION IN SYRIA. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 

21 date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National 

22 Intelligence, in coordination with the Secretary of State 

23 and the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appro24 priate congressional committees and leadership a report 

25 that includes— 


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1 (1) an assessment of the willingness and capac2 ity of the Government of the Russian Federation to 

3 ensure the removal of Iranian forces, Iran-aligned 

4 and Iran-directed militias and paramilitaries, and 

5 other armed group responsive to the direction of 

6 Iran, from the territory of Syria; 

7 (2) a list of policies, actions, or activities that 

8 the Government of the Russian Federation would 

9 take if that Government were willing to ensure the 

10 removal of the forces, militias, paramilitaries, and 

11 other armed groups described in paragraph (1) from 

12 the territory of Syria; 

13 (3) a list of policies, actions, or activities that 

14 the Government of the Russian Federation would 

15 take to ensure the removal of the forces, militias, 

16 paramilitaries, and other armed groups described in 

17 paragraph (1) from the territory of Syria if that 

18 Government were capable of doing so; 

19 (4) an assessment of whether any of the poli20 cies, actions, or activities described in paragraph (2) 

21 or (3) are being taken by the Government of the 

22 Russian Federation; 

23 (5) an assessment of the specific commitments 

24 made by officials of the Government of the Russian 

25 Federation to officials of the Government of Israel 


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1 with respect to the Golan Heights and the presence 

2 of the forces, militias, paramilitaries, and other 

3 armed groups described in paragraph (1) in the ter4 ritory of Syria; 

5 (6) an assessment of weapons, technologies, and 

6 knowledge directly or indirectly transferred by the 

7 Government of the Russian Federation to the regime 

8 of Bashar al-Assad, Lebanese Hezbollah, Iran, or 

9 Iran-aligned forces in Syria that threaten the secu10 rity and qualitative military edge of Israel; and 

11 (7) an assessment of whether the presence of 

12 Russian forces and Russian contractors in Syria lim13 its the options of the Government of Israel in taking 

14 steps to ensure its security from threats emanating 

15 from the territory of Syria. 

16 (b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 

17 shall be submitted in an unclassified form but may include 

18 a classified annex. 

19 (c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES

20 AND LEADERSHIP DEFINED.—In this section, the term 

21 ‘‘appropriate congressional committees and leadership’’ 

22 means— 

23 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

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1 fairs, and the majority and minority leaders of the 

2 Senate; and 

3 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

4 Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on 

5 Ways and Means, and the Speaker, the majority 

6 leader, and the minority leader of the House of Rep7 resentatives. 

8 SEC. 710. REPORT ON THE ASSASSINATION OF BORIS 

9 NEMTSOV. 

10 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 

11 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 

12 in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence, 

13 shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 

14 and leadership a report detailing the circumstances of the 

15 assassination on February 27, 2015, of Russian opposition 

16 leader Boris Nemtsov, including— 

17 (1) a list of the individuals the Secretary deter18 mines to have been involved in the assassination as 

19 perpetrators or as having organized or directed the 

20 assassination; 

21 (2) a description of what measures, if any, have 

22 been taken by the Government of the Russian Fed23 eration to investigate the assassination and bring the 

24 individuals described in paragraph (1) to justice; 

25 and 


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1 (3) an assessment of the effectiveness of those 

2 measures. 

3 (b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 

4 shall be submitted in an unclassified form but may include 

5 a classified annex. 

6 (c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES

7 AND LEADERSHIP DEFINED.—In this section, the term 

8 ‘‘appropriate congressional committees and leadership’’ 

9 means— 

10 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

11 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af12 fairs, the Committee on Finance, and the majority 

13 and minority leaders of the Senate; and 

14 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

15 Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on 

16 Ways and Means, and the Speaker, the majority 

17 leader, and the minority leader of the House of Rep18 resentatives. 

19 SEC. 711. REPORT ON THE PERSONAL NET WORTH AND AS20 SETS OF VLADIMIR PUTIN. 

21 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 

22 date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National 

23 Intelligence shall submit to the appropriate congressional 

24 committees a detailed report on the personal net worth 


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1 and assets of the President of the Russian Federation, 

2 Vladimir Putin, including— 

3 (1) the estimated net worth and known sources 

4 of income of Vladimir Putin and his family mem5 bers, including assets, investments, bank accounts, 

6 other business interests, and relevant beneficial own7 ership information; and 

8 (2) an identification of the most significant sen9 ior foreign political figures and oligarchs in the Rus10 sian Federation, as determined by their closeness to 

11 Vladimir Putin. 

12 (b) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required under 

13 subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form 

14 but may include a classified annex. 

15 (c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE16 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres17 sional committees’’ means— 

18 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

19 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af20 fairs, and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; 

21 and 

22 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

23 Committee on Financial Services, and the Com24 mittee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep25 resentatives. 


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1 SEC. 712. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON RESPONSIBILITY OF 

2 TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES FOR STATE-SPON3 SORED DISINFORMATION. 

4 It is the sense of Congress that technology compa5 nies, particularly social media companies, share responsi6 bility for ensuring that their platforms are free of 

7 disinformation sponsored by the Government of the Rus8 sian Federation and other foreign governments. 

9 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

10 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘De11 fending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act 

12 of 2019’’. 

13 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

14 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Sense of Congress. 

Sec. 3. Statement of policy on Crimea. 

TITLE I—MATTERS RELATING TO NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY 

ORGANIZATION 

Subtitle A—Opposition of the Senate to Withdrawal From NATO 

Sec. 101. Opposition of the Senate to withdrawal from North Atlantic Treaty. 

Sec. 102. Limitation on use of funds. 

Sec. 103. Authorization for Senate Legal Counsel to represent Senate in opposition to withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty. 

Sec. 104. Reporting requirement. 

Subtitle B—Strengthening the NATO Alliance 

Sec. 111. Report on NATO alliance resilience and United States diplomatic posture. 

Sec. 112. Expedited NATO excess defense articles transfer program. 

Sec. 113. Protection of NATO from harmful defense systems. 

Sec. 114. Definitions. 


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TITLE II—MATTERS RELATING TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 

Subtitle A—Public Diplomacy Modernization 

Sec. 201. Avoiding duplication of programs and efforts. 

Sec. 202. Improving research and evaluation of public diplomacy. 

Subtitle B—Other Matters 

Sec. 211. Department of State responsibilities with respect to cyberspace policy. 

Sec. 212. Enhanced hiring authority for Department of State. 

Sec. 213. Sense of Congress. 

TITLE III—CHEMICAL WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION 

Sec. 301. Short title. 

Sec. 302. Findings. 

Sec. 303. Statement of policy. 

Sec. 304. Report on production and use of chemical and biological weapons by 

the Russian Federation. 

Sec. 305. Authorization of appropriations. 

Sec. 306. Chemical Weapons Convention defined. 

TITLE IV—INTERNATIONAL CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT 

Sec. 401. Short title. 

Sec. 402. Predicate offenses. 

Sec. 403. Forfeiture. 

Sec. 404. Shutting down botnets. 

Sec. 405. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer. 

Sec. 406. Stopping trafficking in botnets; forfeiture. 

TITLE V—COMBATING ELECTION INTERFERENCE 

Sec. 501. Prohibition on interference with voting systems. 

Sec. 502. Inadmissibility of aliens seeking to interfere in United States elections. 

TITLE VI—SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN 

FEDERATION 

Subtitle A—Expansion of Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions 

Act 

Sec. 601. Sense of Congress on role of sanctions. 

Sec. 602. Sanctions related to interference of the Russian Federation with democratic processes and elections. 

Sec. 603. Sanctions relating to the actions of the Russian Federation with respect 

to Ukraine. 

Sec. 604. Conforming and technical amendments. 

Subtitle B—Expansion of Sanctions Relating to Human Rights Abuses 

Sec. 611. Imposition of sanctions with respect to assassinations committed by the 

Russian Federation within the territory of the United States or 

NATO member countries. 

Sec. 612. Repeal of sunset for Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability 

Act. 

Sec. 613. Congressional review and continued applicability of sanctions under the 

Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012. 


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Subtitle C—Coordination With the European Union 

Sec. 621. Sense of Congress on coordination with allies with respect to sanctions 

with respect to the Russian Federation. 

Sec. 622. Office of Sanctions Coordination of the Department of State. 

Sec. 623. Report on coordination of sanctions between the United States and European Union. 

Subtitle D—Reports Relating to Sanctions With Respect to the Russian 

Federation 

Sec. 631. Definitions. 

Sec. 632. Updated report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the Russian Federation. 

Sec. 633. Report on section 224 of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through 

Sanctions Act. 

Sec. 634. Report on section 225 of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through 

Sanctions Act. 

Sec. 635. Report on section 226 of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through 

Sanctions Act. 

Sec. 636. Report on section 228 of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through 

Sanctions Act. 

Sec. 637. Report on section 233 of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through 

Sanctions Act. 

Sec. 638. Report on section 234 of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through 

Sanctions Act. 

Subtitle E—General Provisions 

Sec. 651. Exception relating to activities of the National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration. 

Sec. 652. Rule of construction. 

TITLE VII—OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO THE RUSSIAN 

FEDERATION 

Sec. 701. Determination on designation of the Russian Federation as a state 

sponsor of terrorism. 

Sec. 702. Expansion of geographic targeting orders of Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. 

Sec. 703. Sense of Congress on extension of limitations on importation of uranium from Russian Federation. 

Sec. 704. Establishment of a National Fusion Center to respond to threats from 

the Government of the Russian Federation. 

Sec. 705. Countering Russian Influence Fund. 

Sec. 706. Coordinating aid and assistance across Europe and Eurasia. 

Sec. 707. Addressing abuse and misuse by the Russian Federation of INTERPOL 

red notices and red diffusions. 

Sec. 708. Report on accountability for war crimes and crimes against humanity 

by the Russian Federation in Syria. 

Sec. 709. Report on activities of the Russian Federation in Syria. 

Sec. 710. Report on the assassination of Boris Nemtsov. 

Sec. 711. Report on the personal net worth and assets of Vladimir Putin. 

Sec. 712. Report on the threat posed by Russian national Yevgeniy Prigozhin and 

his affiliated structures to United States national security. 

Sec. 713. Statement of policy on violations of LGBTI human rights. 


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Sec. 714. Addressing obstruction by the Russian Federation of multilateral action 

through the United Nations Security Council. 

Sec. 715. Sense of Congress on responsibility of technology companies for statesponsored disinformation. 

Sec. 716. Sense of Congress on political prisoners in the Russian Federation. 

Sec. 717. Sense of Congress on policy with respect to the Russian Federation in 

Africa. 

1 SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

2 It is the sense of Congress that— 

3 (1) the President should immediately marshal 

4 and support a whole-of-government response by Fed5 eral agencies to address the threat posed by the Gov6 ernment of the Russian Federation and to work to 

7 prevent interference by that Government and other 

8 foreign state actors in United States institutions and 

9 democratic processes; 

10 (2) the President should publicly call for the 

11 Government of the Russian Federation to return Cri12 mea to the control of the Government of Ukraine, end 

13 its support for Russian-led forces violence in eastern 

14 Ukraine, end its occupation of and support for Rus15 sian-led forces on the territory of Georgia and 

16 Moldova, and cease enabling the brutal regime of 

17 Bashar al-Assad in Syria to commit war crimes; 

18 (3) the Russian Federation should abide by its 

19 commitments to freedom of navigation in inter20 national waters and allow for passage of Ukrainian 

21 vessels through the strait; 


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1 (4) the President should unequivocally condemn 

2 and counter the ongoing interference in United States 

3 institutions and democratic processes by the President 

4 of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, his gov5 ernment, and affiliates of his government; 

6 (5) the conclusion of the United States intel7 ligence community and law enforcement agencies and 

8 other United States Government officials that the 

9 Russian Federation has perpetrated, and continues to 

10 perpetrate, such interference, is correct; 

11 (6) the United States should continue to partici12 pate actively as a member of the North Atlantic Trea13 ty Organization by— 

14 (A) upholding the Organization’s core prin15 ciples of collective defense, democratic rule of 

16 law, and peaceful settlement of disputes; 

17 (B) boosting coordination and deterrence 

18 capacity among member countries; and 

19 (C) supporting accession processes of pro20 spective member countries who meet the obliga21 tions of membership. 

22 (7) Congress reiterates its strong support for the 

23 Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 

24 9511), which allows for congressional review of an ac25 tion to waive the application of sanctions under the 


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1 provisions of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

2 Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 

3 Stat. 886) relating to the Russian Federation or a li4 censing action that significantly alters United States 

5 foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation; 

6 and 

7 (8) sanctions imposed with respect to the Rus8 sian Federation have been most effective when devel9 oped and coordinated in close consultation with the 

10 European Union. 

11 SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON CRIMEA. 

12 It is the policy of the United States that— 

13 (1) the United States will never recognize the il14 legal attempted annexation of Crimea by the Russian 

15 Federation, similar to the 1940 Welles Declaration in 

16 which the United States refused to recognized the So17 viet annexation of the Baltic States; 

18 (2) Crimea is part of the sovereign territory of 

19 Ukraine; 

20 (3) Crimea is part of Ukraine and the United 

21 States rejects attempts to change the status, demo22 graphics, or political nature of Crimea; 

23 (4) the United States reaffirms its unwavering 

24 support for democracy, human rights, and the rule of 


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1 law for all individuals in Crimea, including non2 Russian ethnic groups and religious minorities; 

3 (5) the United States condemns all human rights 

4 violations against individuals in Crimea, and under5 scores the culpability of the Government of the Rus6 sian Federation for such violations while the territory 

7 of Crimea is under illegal Russian occupation; 

8 (6) the United States, in coordination with the 

9 European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organi10 zation, and members of the international community, 

11 should prioritize efforts to prevent the further consoli12 dation of illegal occupying powers in Crimea, reaf13 firm unified opposition to the actions of the Russian 

14 Federation in Crimea, and secure the human rights 

15 of individuals there; and 

16 (7) the United States welcomes the sanctions that 

17 have been imposed and maintained as of the date of 

18 the enactment of this Act by the United States and 

19 the European Union against persons engaged in fur20 thering the illegal occupation of Crimea by the Rus21 sian Federation. 


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1 TITLE I—MATTERS RELATING TO 

2 NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY 

3 ORGANIZATION 

4 Subtitle A—Opposition of the 

5 Senate to Withdrawal From NATO 

6 SEC. 101. OPPOSITION OF THE SENATE TO WITHDRAWAL 

7 FROM NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY. 

8 The Senate opposes any effort to withdraw the United 

9 States from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, 

10 D.C., April 4, 1949. 

11 SEC. 102. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS. 

12 No funds authorized or appropriated by any Act may 

13 be used to support, directly or indirectly, any efforts on the 

14 part of any United States Government official to take steps 

15 to withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic 

16 Treaty, done at Washington, D.C., April 4, 1949, until such 

17 time as the Senate passes, by an affirmative vote of two18 thirds of Members, a resolution advising and consenting to 

19 the withdrawal of the United States from the treaty. 

20 SEC. 103. AUTHORIZATION FOR SENATE LEGAL COUNSEL 

21 TO REPRESENT SENATE IN OPPOSITION TO 

22 WITHDRAWAL FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC 

23 TREATY. 

24 The Senate Legal Counsel is authorized to represent 

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1 ceedings in any Federal court of competent jurisdiction, on 

2 behalf of the Senate, in order to oppose any withdrawal of 

3 the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty in the 

4 absence of the passage by the Senate of a resolution de5 scribed in section 102. 

6 SEC. 104. REPORTING REQUIREMENT. 

7 The Senate Legal Counsel shall report as soon as prac8 ticable to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 

9 with respect to any judicial proceedings which the Senate 

10 Legal Counsel initiates or in which it intervenes pursuant 

11 to this title. 

12 Subtitle B—Strengthening the 

13 NATO Alliance 

14 SEC. 111. REPORT ON NATO ALLIANCE RESILIENCE AND 

15 UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC POSTURE. 

16 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 

17 date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days there18 after, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Sec19 retary of Defense, shall submit a report to the appropriate 

20 congressional committees providing an assessment of the 

21 threats and challenges facing the NATO alliance and 

22 United States diplomatic posture. 

23 (b) ELEMENTS.—The report required under subsection 

24 (a) shall include the following elements: 


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1 (1) A review of current and emerging United 

2 States national security interests in the NATO area 

3 of responsibility. 

4 (2) A review of current United States political 

5 and diplomatic engagement and political-military co6 ordination with NATO and NATO member states. 

7 (3) Options for the realignment of United States 

8 engagement with NATO to respond to new threats 

9 and challenges presented by the Government of the 

10 Russian Federation to the NATO alliance, as well as 

11 new opportunities presented by allies and partners. 

12 (4) The views of counterpart governments, in13 cluding heads of state, heads of government, political 

14 leaders, and military commanders in the region. 

15 SEC. 112. EXPEDITED NATO EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLES 

16 TRANSFER PROGRAM. 

17 (a) REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the date 

18 of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in 

19 consultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the 

20 appropriate congressional committees a report with rec21 ommendations regarding the need for and suitability of 

22 transferring excess defense articles under this section to 

23 countries in the NATO alliance, with particular emphasis 

24 on the foreign policy benefits as it pertains to those member 


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1 states currently purchasing defense articles or services from 

2 the Russian Federation. 

3 (b) PERIOD FOR REVIEW BY CONGRESS OF REC4 OMMENDATIONS FOR EDA TRANSFER TO NATO MEM5 BERS.—During the 30-calendar day period following sub6 mission by the Secretary of Defense of the report required 

7 under subsection (a), the Committee on Foreign Relations 

8 of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 

9 House of Representatives shall, as appropriate, hold hear10 ings and briefings and otherwise obtain information in 

11 order to fully review the recommendations included in the 

12 report. 

13 (c) TRANSFER AUTHORITY.—The President is author14 ized to transfer such excess defense articles in a fiscal year 

15 as the Secretary of Defense recommends pursuant to this 

16 section to countries for which receipt of such articles was 

17 justified pursuant to the annual congressional presentation 

18 documents for military assistance programs, or for which 

19 receipt of such articles was separately justified to Congress, 

20 for such fiscal year. 

21 (d) LIMITATIONS ON TRANSFERS.—The President may 

22 transfer excess defense articles under this section only if— 

23 (1) such articles are drawn from existing stocks 

24 of the Department of Defense; 


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1 (2) funds available to the Department of Defense 

2 for the procurement of defense equipment are not ex3 pended in connection with the transfer; 

4 (3) the President determines that the transfer of 

5 such articles will not have an adverse impact on the 

6 military readiness of the United States; 

7 (4) with respect to a proposed transfer of such 

8 articles on a grant basis, the President determines 

9 that the transfer is preferable to a transfer on a sales 

10 basis, after taking into account the potential proceeds 

11 from, and likelihood of, such sales, and the compara12 tive foreign policy benefits that may accrue to the 

13 United States as the result of a transfer on either a 

14 grant or sales basis; and 

15 (5) the President determines that the transfer of 

16 such articles will not have an adverse impact on the 

17 national technology and industrial base and, particu18 larly, will not reduce the opportunities of entities in 

19 the national technology and industrial base to sell 

20 new or used equipment to the countries to which such 

21 articles are transferred. 

22 (e) TERMS OF TRANSFERS.— 

23 (1) NO COST TO RECIPIENT COUNTRY.—Excess 

24 defense articles may be transferred under this section 

25 without cost to the recipient country. 


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1 (2) PRIORITY.—Notwithstanding any other pro2 vision of law, the delivery of excess defense articles 

3 under this section to member countries of NATO that 

4 still purchase defense goods and services from the Rus5 sian Federation and pledge to decrease such purchases 

6 shall be given priority to the maximum extent feasible 

7 over the delivery of such excess defense articles to 

8 other countries. 

9 (3) TRANSPORTATION AND RELATED COSTS.— 

10 (A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 

11 subparagraph (B), funds available to the Depart12 ment of Defense may not be expended for crating, 

13 packing, handling, and transportation of excess 

14 defense articles transferred under the authority 

15 of this section. 

16 (B) EXCEPTION.—The President may pro17 vide for the transportation of excess defense arti18 cles without charge to a country for the costs of 

19 such transportation if— 

20 (i) it is determined that it is in the 

21 national interest of the United States to do 

22 so; 

23 (ii) the recipient is a NATO member 

24 state currently purchasing defense goods 


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1 and services from the Russian Federation 

2 that has pledged to reduce such purchases; 

3 (iii) the total weight of the transfer 

4 does not exceed 50,000 pounds; and 

5 (iv) such transportation is accom6 plished on a space available basis. 

7 SEC. 113. PROTECTION OF NATO FROM HARMFUL DEFENSE 

8 SYSTEMS. 

9 The United States mission to NATO shall pursue an 

10 agreement that NATO members will not acquire defense 

11 technology incompatible with the security of NATO systems. 

12 SEC. 114. DEFINITIONS. 

13 In this subtitle: 

14 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT15 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit16 tees’’ means— 

17 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

18 Committee on Armed Services, and the Com19 mittee on Appropriations of the Senate; and 

20 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

21 Committee on Armed Services, and the Com22 mittee on Appropriations of the House of Rep23 resentatives. 

24 (2) NATO.—The term ‘‘NATO’’ means the North 

25 Atlantic Treaty Organization. 


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1 TITLE II—MATTERS RELATING 

2 TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 

3 Subtitle A—Public Diplomacy 

4 Modernization 

5 SEC. 201. AVOIDING DUPLICATION OF PROGRAMS AND EF6 FORTS. 

7 The Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public 

8 Affairs of the Department of State shall— 

9 (1) identify opportunities for greater efficiency of 

10 operations, including through improved coordination 

11 of efforts across public diplomacy bureaus and offices 

12 of the Department; and 

13 (2) maximize shared use of resources between, 

14 and within, such public diplomacy bureaus and of15 fices in cases in which programs, facilities, or admin16 istrative functions are duplicative or substantially 

17 overlapping. 

18 SEC. 202. IMPROVING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF PUB19 LIC DIPLOMACY. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall— 

21 (1) conduct regular research and evaluation of 

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1 tions, to plan and execute such programs and activi2 ties; and 

3 (2) make the findings of the research and evalua4 tions conducted under paragraph (1) available to 

5 Congress. 

6 (b) DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND EVALUATION.— 

7 (1) APPOINTMENT.—Not later than 90 days after 

8 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

9 shall appoint a Director of Research and Evaluation 

10 in the Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources for 

11 the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public 

12 Affairs. 

13 (2) LIMITATION ON APPOINTMENT.—The ap14 pointment of a Director of Research and Evaluation 

15 pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not result in an in16 crease in the overall full-time equivalent positions 

17 within the Department. 

18 (3) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director of Re19 search and Evaluation shall— 

20 (A) coordinate and oversee the research and 

21 evaluation of public diplomacy programs of the 

22 Department of State— 

23 (i) to improve public diplomacy strate24 gies and tactics; and 


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1 (ii) to ensure that programs are in2 creasing the knowledge, understanding, and 

3 trust of the United States among relevant 

4 target audiences; 

5 (B) report to the Director of Policy and 

6 Planning in the Office of Policy, Planning, and 

7 Resources under the Under Secretary for Public 

8 Diplomacy and Public Affairs of the Depart9 ment; 

10 (C) routinely organize and oversee audience 

11 research, digital analytics, and impact evalua12 tions across all public diplomacy bureaus and of13 fices of the Department; 

14 (D) support embassy public affairs sections; 

15 (E) share appropriate public diplomacy re16 search and evaluation information within the 

17 Department and with other Federal departments 

18 and agencies; 

19 (F) regularly design and coordinate stand20 ardized research questions, methodologies, and 

21 procedures to ensure that public diplomacy ac22 tivities across all public diplomacy bureaus and 

23 offices are designed to meet appropriate foreign 

24 policy objectives; and 


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1 (G) report biannually to the United States 

2 Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 

3 through the Commission’s Subcommittee on Re4 search and Evaluation established pursuant to 

5 subsection (f), regarding the research and evalua6 tion of all public diplomacy bureaus and offices 

7 of the Department. 

8 (4) GUIDANCE AND TRAINING.—Not later than 

9 one year after the appointment of the Director of Re10 search and Evaluation pursuant to paragraph (1), 

11 the Director shall create guidance and training for all 

12 public diplomacy officers regarding the reading and 

13 interpretation of public diplomacy program evalua14 tion findings to ensure that such findings and lessons 

15 learned are implemented in the planning and evalua16 tion of all public diplomacy programs and activities 

17 throughout the Department. 

18 (c) PRIORITIZING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of Policy, Plan20 ning, and Resources shall ensure that research and 

21 evaluation, as coordinated and overseen by the Direc22 tor of Research and Evaluation, supports strategic 

23 planning and resource allocation across all public di24 plomacy bureaus and offices of the Department. 


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1 (2) ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES.—Amounts allo2 cated for the purposes of research and evaluation of 

3 public diplomacy programs and activities pursuant 

4 to subsection (a) shall be made available to be dis5 bursed at the direction of the Director of Research 

6 and Evaluation among the research and evaluation 

7 staff across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices 

8 of the Department. 

9 (3) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 

10 Congress that— 

11 (A) the Under Secretary for Public Diplo12 macy and Public Affairs of the Department of 

13 State should coordinate the human and financial 

14 resources that support the Department’s public 

15 diplomacy and public affairs programs and ac16 tivities; 

17 (B) proposals or plans related to resource 

18 allocations for public diplomacy bureaus and of19 fices should be routed through the Office of the 

20 Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Pub21 lic Affairs for review and clearance; and 

22 (C) the Department should allocate, for the 

23 purposes of research and evaluation of public di24 plomacy activities and programs pursuant to 

25 subsection (a)— 


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1 (i) 3 to 5 percent of program funds 

2 made available under the heading ‘‘EDU3 CATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PRO4 GRAMS’’; and 

5 (ii) 3 to 5 percent of program funds al6 located for public diplomacy programs 

7 under the heading ‘‘DIPLOMATIC AND CON8 SULAR PROGRAMS’’. 

9 (d) LIMITED EXEMPTION.—Chapter 35 of title 44, 

10 United States Code (commonly known as the ‘‘Paperwork 

11 Reduction Act’’) shall not apply to collections of informa12 tion directed at foreign individuals conducted by, or on be13 half of, the Department of State for the purpose of audience 

14 research, monitoring, and evaluations, and in connection 

15 with the Department’s activities conducted pursuant to the 

16 United States Information and Educational Exchange Act 

17 of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), the Mutual Educational 

18 and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451 et 

19 seq.), section 1287 of the National Defense Authorization 

20 Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 

21 2656 note), or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 

22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.). 

23 (e) LIMITED EXEMPTION TO THE PRIVACY ACT.—The 

24 Department shall maintain, collect, use, and disseminate 

25 records (as such term is defined in section 552a(a)(4) of 


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1 title 5, United States Code) for research and data analysis 

2 of public diplomacy efforts intended for foreign audiences. 

3 Such research and data analysis shall be reasonably tai4 lored to meet the purposes of this subsection and shall be 

5 carried out with due regard for privacy and civil liberties 

6 guidance and oversight. 

7 (f) ADVISORY COMMISSION ON PUBLIC DIPLOMACY.— 

8 (1) SUBCOMMITTEE FOR RESEARCH AND EVAL9 UATION.—The Advisory Commission on Public Diplo10 macy shall establish a Subcommittee for Research and 

11 Evaluation to monitor and advise on the research and 

12 evaluation activities of the Department and the 

13 United States Agency for Global Media. 

14 (2) REPORT.—The Subcommittee for Research 

15 and Evaluation established pursuant to paragraph 

16 (1) shall submit an annual report to Congress in con17 junction with the Commission on Public Diplomacy’s 

18 Comprehensive Annual Report on the performance of 

19 the Department and the United States Agency for 

20 Global Media in carrying out research and evalua21 tions of their respective public diplomacy program22 ming. 

23 (3) REPEAL OF SUNSET.—Section 1334 of the 

24 Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 

25 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6553) is hereby repealed. 


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1 (g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

2 (1) AUDIENCE RESEARCH.—The term ‘‘audience 

3 research’’ means research conducted at the outset of a 

4 public diplomacy program or campaign planning 

5 and design on specific audience segments to under6 stand the attitudes, interests, knowledge, and behav7 iors of such audience segments. 

8 (2) DIGITAL ANALYTICS.—The term ‘‘digital 

9 analytics’’ means the analysis of qualitative and 

10 quantitative data, accumulated in digital format, to 

11 indicate the outputs and outcomes of a public diplo12 macy program or campaign. 

13 (3) IMPACT EVALUATION.—The term ‘‘impact 

14 evaluation’’ means an assessment of the changes in 

15 the audience targeted by a public diplomacy program 

16 or campaign that can be attributed to such program 

17 or campaign. 

18 (4) PUBLIC DIPLOMACY BUREAUS AND OF19 FICES.—The term ‘‘public diplomacy bureaus and of20 fices’’ means the Bureau of Educational and Cultural 

21 Affairs, the Bureau of Public Affairs, the Office of 

22 Policy, Planning, and Resources, the Global Engage23 ment Center, and the public diplomacy functions 

24 within the regional and functional bureaus. 


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1 Subtitle B—Other Matters 

2 SEC. 211. DEPARTMENT OF STATE RESPONSIBILITIES WITH 

3 RESPECT TO CYBERSPACE POLICY. 

4 (a) OFFICE OF CYBERSPACE AND THE DIGITAL ECON5 OMY.—Section 1 of the State Department Basic Authorities 

6 Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a) is amended— 

7 (1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection 

8 (h); and 

9 (2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following: 

10 ‘‘(g) OFFICE OF CYBERSPACE AND THE DIGITAL ECON11 OMY.— 

12 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established, within 

13 the Department of State, an Office of Cyberspace and 

14 the Digital Economy (referred to in this subsection as 

15 the ‘Office’). The head of the Office shall have the rank 

16 and status of ambassador and shall be appointed by 

17 the President, by and with the advice and consent of 

18 the Senate. 

19 ‘‘(2) DUTIES.— 

20 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The head of the Office 

21 shall perform such duties and exercise such pow22 ers as the Secretary of State shall prescribe, in23 cluding implementing the United States inter24 national cyberspace policy strategy issued by the 

25 Department of State in March 2016 pursuant to 


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1 section 402 of the Cybersecurity Act of 2015 (di2 vision N of Public Law 114–113; 129 Stat. 

3 2978). 

4 ‘‘(B) DUTIES DESCRIBED.—The principal 

5 duties and responsibilities of the head of the Of6 fice shall be— 

7 ‘‘(i) to serve as the principal cyber pol8 icy official within the senior management of 

9 the Department of State and as the advisor 

10 to the Secretary of State for cyber issues; 

11 ‘‘(ii) to lead the Department of State’s 

12 diplomatic cyberspace efforts, including ef13 forts relating to international cybersecurity, 

14 Internet access, Internet freedom, digital 

15 economy, cybercrime, deterrence and inter16 national responses to cyber threats, and 

17 other issues that the Secretary assigns to the 

18 Office; 

19 ‘‘(iii) to promote an open, interoper20 able, reliable, unfettered, and secure infor21 mation and communications technology in22 frastructure for all critical infrastructure 

23 globally; 

24 ‘‘(iv) to represent the Secretary of 

25 State in interagency efforts to develop and 


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1 advance cyberspace policy described in sub2 paragraph (A); 

3 ‘‘(v) to coordinate cyberspace efforts 

4 and other relevant functions, including 

5 countering terrorists’ use of cyberspace, 

6 within the Department of State and with 

7 other components of the United States Gov8 ernment; 

9 ‘‘(vi) to act as a liaison to public and 

10 private sector entities on relevant cyber11 space issues; 

12 ‘‘(vii) to lead United States Govern13 ment efforts to establish a global deterrence 

14 framework; 

15 ‘‘(viii) to develop and execute adver16 sary-specific strategies to influence adver17 sary decisionmaking through the imposition 

18 of costs and deterrence strategies; 

19 ‘‘(ix) to advise the Secretary and co20 ordinate with foreign governments on exter21 nal responses to national security level 

22 cyber incidents, including coordination on 

23 diplomatic response efforts to support allies 

24 threatened by malicious cyber activity, in 

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1 lantic Treaty Organization and other like2 minded countries; 

3 ‘‘(x) to promote the adoption of na4 tional processes and programs that enable 

5 threat detection, prevention, and response to 

6 malicious cyber activity emanating from 

7 the territory of a foreign country, including 

8 as such activity relates to the European al9 lies of the United States, as appropriate; 

10 ‘‘(xi) to promote the building of foreign 

11 capacity to protect the global network with 

12 the goal of enabling like-minded participa13 tion in deterrence frameworks; 

14 ‘‘(xii) to promote the maintenance of 

15 an open and interoperable Internet gov16 erned by the multi-stakeholder model, in17 stead of by centralized government control; 

18 ‘‘(xiii) to promote an international 

19 regulatory environment for technology in20 vestments and the Internet that benefits 

21 United States economic and national secu22 rity interests; 

23 ‘‘(xiv) to promote cross border flow of 

24 data and combat international initiatives 


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1 seeking to impose unreasonable require2 ments on United States businesses; 

3 ‘‘(xv) to promote international policies 

4 to protect the integrity of United States and 

5 international telecommunications infra6 structure from foreign-based, cyber-enabled 

7 threats; 

8 ‘‘(xvi) to serve as the interagency coor9 dinator for the United States Government 

10 on engagement with foreign governments on 

11 cyberspace and digital economy issues de12 scribed in the Defending American Security 

13 from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019; 

14 ‘‘(xvii) to promote international poli15 cies to secure radio frequency spectrum for 

16 United States businesses and national secu17 rity needs; 

18 ‘‘(xviii) to promote and protect the ex19 ercise of human rights, including freedom of 

20 speech and religion, through the Internet; 

21 ‘‘(xix) to build capacity of United 

22 States diplomatic officials to engage on 

23 cyber issues; 

24 ‘‘(xx) to encourage the development and 

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1 nationally recognized standards, policies, 

2 and best practices; 

3 ‘‘(xxi) to promote and advance inter4 national policies that protect individuals’ 

5 private data; and 

6 ‘‘(xxii) to promote international efforts 

7 to protect financial institutions and 

8 cryptocurrency exchanges from cyber theft. 

9 ‘‘(3) QUALIFICATIONS.—The head of the Office 

10 should be an individual of demonstrated competency 

11 in the fields of— 

12 ‘‘(A) cybersecurity and other relevant cyber 

13 issues; and 

14 ‘‘(B) international diplomacy. 

15 ‘‘(4) ORGANIZATIONAL PLACEMENT.— 

16 ‘‘(A) INITIAL PLACEMENT.—During the 4- 

17 year period beginning on the date of the enact18 ment of the Defending American Security from 

19 Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the head of the 

20 Office shall report to the Under Secretary for Po21 litical Affairs or to an official holding a higher 

22 position than the Under Secretary for Political 

23 Affairs in the Department of State. 

24 ‘‘(B) SUBSEQUENT PLACEMENT.—After the 

25 conclusion of the 4-year period referred to in 


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1 subparagraph (A), the head of the Office shall re2 port to— 

3 ‘‘(i) an appropriate Under Secretary; 

4 or 

5 ‘‘(ii) an official holding a higher posi6 tion than Under Secretary. 

7 ‘‘(5) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 

8 subsection may be construed to preclude— 

9 ‘‘(A) the Office from being elevated to a Bu10 reau within the Department of State; or 

11 ‘‘(B) the head of the Office from being ele12 vated to an Assistant Secretary, if such an As13 sistant Secretary position does not increase the 

14 number of Assistant Secretary positions at the 

15 Department above the number authorized under 

16 subsection (c)(1).’’. 

17 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 

18 that the Office of Cyberspace and the Digital Economy es19 tablished under section 1(g) of the State Department Basic 

20 Authorities Act of 1956, as added by subsection (a)— 

21 (1) should be a Bureau of the Department of 

22 State headed by an Assistant Secretary, subject to the 

23 rule of construction specified in paragraph (5)(B) of 

24 such section 1(g); and 


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1 (2) should coordinate with other bureaus of the 

2 Department of State and use all tools at the disposal 

3 of the Office to combat activities taken by the Russian 

4 Federation, or on behalf of the Russian Federation, to 

5 undermine the cybersecurity and democratic values of 

6 the United States and other nations. 

7 (c) UNITED NATIONS.—The Permanent Representative 

8 of the United States to the United Nations should use the 

9 voice, vote, and influence of the United States to oppose any 

10 measure that is inconsistent with the United States inter11 national cyberspace policy strategy issued by the Depart12 ment of State in March 2016 pursuant to section 402 of 

13 the Cybersecurity Act of 2015 (division N of Public Law 

14 114–113; 129 Stat. 2978). 

15 SEC. 212. ENHANCED HIRING AUTHORITY FOR DEPART16 MENT OF STATE. 

17 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

18 (1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the mean19 ing given the term in section 5721 of title 5, United 

20 States Code. 

21 (2) APPROPRIATION.—The term ‘‘appropriation’’ 

22 includes funds made available by statute and under 

23 section 9104 of title 31, United States Code. 

24 (3) SCHEDULE A.—The term ‘‘Schedule A’’ 

25 means positions other than those of a confidential or 


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1 policy-determining character for which it is impracti2 cable to examine, pursuant to section 213.3101 of title 

3 5, Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regula4 tion. 

5 (b) AUTHORITY.— 

6 (1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of 

7 appropriations, the Secretary of State may procure 

8 the services of Schedule A employees in the amount 

9 and for the offices specified in paragraph (2) for the 

10 purpose of hiring individuals with special qualifica11 tions, including prior work experience involving eco12 nomic or financial sanctions, for the development and 

13 implementation of economic and financial sanctions. 

14 (2) ASSIGNMENT OF SCHEDULE A EMPLOYEES.— 

15 Using the authority provided under paragraph (1), 

16 the Secretary of State may procure the services of— 

17 (A) not to exceed 5 Schedule A employees 

18 for the Office of Sanctions Coordination to be es19 tablished pursuant to subsection (h) of section 1 

20 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 

21 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a), as added by section 

22 612; and 

23 (B) not to exceed 15 Schedule A employees 

24 for the Counter Threat Finance and Sanctions 


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1 component of the Bureau of Economic and Busi2 ness Affairs (EB/TFS). 

3 (c) LIMITATION.—Positions in the Senior Executive 

4 Service may not be filled using the authority provided 

5 under subsection (b). 

6 (d) EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND NON-DISCRIMINA7 TION.—The Secretary of State shall ensure compliance with 

8 equal opportunity and other non-discrimination regula9 tions of the United States Government in exercising the au10 thority provided under subsection (b). 

11 (e) REPORT.—The Secretary of State shall report to 

12 the Office of Personnel Management on an annual basis 

13 with respect to the number of Schedule A employees em14 ployed by the Department of State using the authority pro15 vided under subsection (b). 

16 SEC. 213. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

17 It is the sense of Congress that— 

18 (1) the United States Agency for Global Media 

19 and its grantee networks have a critical mission to 

20 inform, engage, and connect people around the world 

21 in support of freedom and democracy; and 

22 (2) those networks must adhere to professional 

23 journalistic standards and integrity and not engage 

24 in disinformation activities. 


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1 TITLE III—CHEMICAL WEAPONS 

2 NONPROLIFERATION 

3 SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This title may be cited as the ‘‘Chemical Weapons Non5 proliferation Act of 2019’’. 

6 SEC. 302. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) The international norm against the use of 

9 chemical weapons has severely eroded since 2012. At 

10 least 4 actors between 2012 and the date of the enact11 ment of this Act have used chemical weapons: Syria, 

12 North Korea, the Russian Federation, and the Islamic 

13 State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraq and Syria. 

14 (2) On March 4, 2018, the Government of the 

15 Russian Federation knowingly used novichok, a lethal 

16 chemical agent, in an attempt to kill former Russian 

17 military intelligence officer Sergei Skripal and his 

18 daughter Yulia, in Salisbury, United Kingdom. 

19 (3) In September 2018, the Government of the 

20 United Kingdom charged 2 Russian suspects with the 

21 poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal, further high22 lighting the culpability of the Government of the Rus23 sian Federation in the attack. 

24 (4) On June 27, 2018, the Organisation for the 

25 Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (commonly known 


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1 as the ‘‘OPCW’’), during its Fourth Special Session 

2 of the Conference of the States Parties to the Chemical 

3 Weapons Convention, adopted a decision to ‘‘put in 

4 place arrangements to identify the perpetrators of the 

5 use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic 

6 by identifying and reporting on all information po7 tentially relevant to the origin of those chemical 

8 weapons in those instances in which the OPCW Fact9 Finding Mission in Syria determines or has deter10 mined that use or likely use occurred, and cases for 

11 which the OPCW–UN Joint Investigative Mechanism 

12 has not issued a report; and decide[d] also that the 

13 Secretariat shall provide regular reports on its inves14 tigations to the Council and to the United Nations 

15 Secretary-General for their consideration’’. 

16 (5) In addition, during the Fourth Special Ses17 sion, the State Parties to the Chemical Weapons Con18 vention voted to provide new powers to the Director19 General of the OPCW to attribute chemical weapons 

20 attacks. The decision ‘‘affirms that, whenever a chem21 ical weapons use occurs on the territory of a State 

22 Party, those who were the perpetrators, organizers, 

23 sponsors or otherwise involved should be identified, 

24 and underscores the added value of the Secretariat 

25 conducting an independent investigation of an alleged 


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1 use of chemical weapons with a view to facilitating 

2 universal attribution of all chemical weapons at3 tacks’’. 

4 (6) Finally, the decision of the State Parties to 

5 the Chemical Weapons Convention allows ‘‘the Direc6 tor-General, if requested by a State Party inves7 tigating a possible chemical weapons use on its terri8 tory, [to] provide technical expertise to identify those 

9 who were perpetrators, organizers, sponsors or other10 wise involved in the use of chemicals as weapons’’. 

11 (7) The Government of the Russian Federation 

12 attempted to impede the adoption of the identification 

13 mechanism in the Fourth Special Session, and has re14 peatedly worked to degrade the OPCW’s ability to 

15 identify chemical weapons users. 

16 (8) The Government of the Russian Federation 

17 has shown itself to be unwilling or incapable of com18 pelling the President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, an 

19 ally of the Russian Federation, to stop using chemical 

20 weapons against the civilian population in Syria. 

21 (9) The United States remains steadfast in its 

22 commitment to its key ally the United Kingdom, its 

23 commitment to the mutual defense of the North Atlan24 tic Treaty Organization, and its commitment to the 

25 Chemical Weapons Convention. 


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1 (10) Forty countries, including the United 

2 States, have joined the International Partnership 

3 against Impunity for the use of Chemical Weapons, 

4 which represents a political commitment by partici5 pating countries to hold to account persons respon6 sible for the use of chemical weapons. 

7 (11) The Defense Ministry of the Government of 

8 the Netherlands exposed 4 Russians as agents of the 

9 GRU intelligence service who had attempted to hack 

10 OPCW networks during the OPCW’s investigation of 

11 the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salis12 bury, United Kingdom. 

13 SEC. 303. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

14 It shall be the policy of the United States— 

15 (1) to protect and defend the interests of the 

16 United States, allies of the United States, and the 

17 international community at large from the con18 tinuing threat of chemical weapons and their pro19 liferation; 

20 (2) to maintain a steadfast commitment to the 

21 Chemical Weapons Convention and the OPCW; 

22 (3) to promote and strengthen the investigative 

23 and identification mechanisms of the OPCW, includ24 ing the development of a new OPCW laboratory and 

25 enhancements to the OPCW network of designated 


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1 laboratories, through the provision of additional re2 sources and technical equipment to better allow the 

3 OPCW to detect, identify, and attribute chemical 

4 weapons attacks; 

5 (4) to pressure the Government of the Russian 

6 Federation to halt its efforts to degrade the inter7 national efforts of the United Nations and the OPCW 

8 to investigate chemical weapons attacks and to des9 ignate perpetrators of such attacks by— 

10 (A) highlighting within international fora, 

11 including the United Nations General Assembly 

12 and the OPCW, the repeated efforts of the Gov13 ernment of the Russian Federation to degrade 

14 international efforts to investigate chemical 

15 weapons attacks; and 

16 (B) consulting with allies and partners of 

17 the United States with respect to methods for 

18 strengthening the investigative mechanisms of the 

19 OPCW; 

20 (5) to examine additional avenues for inves21 tigating, identifying, and holding accountable chem22 ical weapons users if the Government of the Russian 

23 Federation continues in its attempts to block or 

24 hinder investigations of the OPCW; and 


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1 (6) to punish the Government of the Russian 

2 Federation for, and deter that Government from, any 

3 chemical weapons production and use through the im4 position of sanctions, diplomatic isolation, and the 

5 use of the mechanisms specified in the Chemical 

6 Weapons Convention for violations of the Convention. 

7 SEC. 304. REPORT ON PRODUCTION AND USE OF CHEMICAL 

8 AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS BY THE RUSSIAN 

9 FEDERATION. 

10 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the 

11 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 

12 shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 

13 Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 

14 of Representatives a report on the chemical and biological 

15 weapon programs of the Government of the Russian Federa16 tion that includes an assessment of— 

17 (1) whether that Government has production ca18 pabilities in violation of the Chemical Weapons Con19 vention and the Convention on the Prohibition of the 

20 Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacterio21 logical (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their 

22 Destruction, done at Washington, London, and Mos23 cow April 10, 1972, and entered into force March 26, 

24 1975 (26 UST 583); 


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1 (2) any use by that Government of chemical or 

2 biological weapons during the 10-year period pre3 ceding submission of the report; and 

4 (3) any direct or indirect support, including 

5 transfers of material, knowledge, or technology, by 

6 that Government for the chemical or biological weap7 ons programs of other countries or non-state actors. 

8 (b) FORM OF REPORT.—Each report required by sub9 section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 

10 include a classified annex. 

11 SEC. 305. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

12 (a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro13 priated to the Secretary of State $25,000,000 for each of 

14 fiscal years 2020 through 2025, to be provided to the OPCW 

15 as a voluntary contribution pursuant to section 301(a) of 

16 the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2221(a)) for 

17 the purpose of strengthening the OPCW’s investigative and 

18 identification mechanisms for chemical weapons attacks. 

19 (b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Amounts authorized to 

20 be appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) shall remain 

21 available until expended. 

22 SEC. 306. CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION DEFINED. 

23 In this title, the term ‘‘Chemical Weapons Convention’’ 

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1 ons and on their Destruction, done at Geneva September 

2 3, 1992, and entered into force April 29, 1997. 

3 TITLE IV—INTERNATIONAL 

4 CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT 

5 SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE. 

6 This title may be cited as the ‘‘International 

7 Cybercrime Prevention Act’’. 

8 SEC. 402. PREDICATE OFFENSES. 

9 Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 

10 (1) in section 1956(c)(7)(D)— 

11 (A) by striking ‘‘or section 2339D’’ and in12 serting ‘‘section 2339D’’; and 

13 (B) by striking ‘‘of this title, section 46502’’ 

14 and inserting ‘‘, or section 2512 (relating to the 

15 manufacture, distribution, possession, and adver16 tising of wire, oral, or electronic communication 

17 intercepting devices) of this title, section 46502’’; 

18 and 

19 (2) in section 1961(1), by inserting ‘‘section 

20 1030 (relating to fraud and related activity in con21 nection with computers) if the act indictable under 

22 section 1030 is felonious,’’ before ‘‘section 1084’’. 

23 SEC. 403. FORFEITURE. 

24 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 2513 of title 18, United 

25 States Code, is amended to read as follows: 


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1 ‘‘§ 2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic com2 munication intercepting devices and other 

3 property 

4 ‘‘(a) CRIMINAL FORFEITURE.— 

5 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The court, in imposing a 

6 sentence on any person convicted of a violation of sec7 tion 2511 or 2512, or convicted of conspiracy to vio8 late section 2511 or 2512, shall order, in addition to 

9 any other sentence imposed and irrespective of any 

10 provision of State law, that such person forfeit to the 

11 United States— 

12 ‘‘(A) such person’s interest in any property, 

13 real or personal, that was used or intended to be 

14 used to commit or to facilitate the commission of 

15 such violation; and 

16 ‘‘(B) any property, real or personal, consti17 tuting or derived from any gross proceeds, or 

18 any property traceable to such property, that 

19 such person obtained or retained directly or in20 directly as a result of such violation. 

21 ‘‘(2) FORFEITURE PROCEDURES.—Pursuant to 

22 section 2461(c) of title 28, the provisions of section 

23 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853), 

24 other than subsection (d) thereof, shall apply to crimi25 nal forfeitures under this subsection. 

26 ‘‘(b) CIVIL FORFEITURE.— 


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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The following shall be subject 

2 to forfeiture to the United States in accordance with 

3 provisions of chapter 46 and no property right shall 

4 exist in them: 

5 ‘‘(A) Any property, real or personal, used or 

6 intended to be used, in any manner, to commit, 

7 or facilitate the commission of a violation of sec8 tion 2511 or 2512, or a conspiracy to violate sec9 tion 2511 or 2512. 

10 ‘‘(B) Any property, real or personal, consti11 tuting, or traceable to the gross proceeds taken, 

12 obtained, or retained in connection with or as a 

13 result of a violation of section 2511 or 2512, or 

14 a conspiracy to violate section 2511 or 2512. 

15 ‘‘(2) FORFEITURE PROCEDURES.—Seizures and 

16 forfeitures under this subsection shall be governed by 

17 the provisions of chapter 46, relating to civil forfeit18 ures, except that such duties as are imposed on the 

19 Secretary of the Treasury under the customs laws de20 scribed in section 981(d) shall be performed by such 

21 officers, agents, and other persons as may be des22 ignated for that purpose by the Secretary of Home23 land Security or the Attorney General.’’. 


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1 (b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The 

2 table of sections for chapter 119 is amended by striking the 

3 item relating to section 2513 and inserting the following: 

‘‘2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting devices 

and other property.’’. 

4 SEC. 404. SHUTTING DOWN BOTNETS. 

5 (a) AMENDMENT.—Section 1345 of title 18, United 

6 States Code, is amended— 

7 (1) in the heading, by inserting ‘‘and abuse’’ 

8 after ‘‘fraud’’; 

9 (2) in subsection (a)— 

10 (A) in paragraph (1)— 

11 (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

12 ‘‘or’’ at the end; 

13 (ii) in subparagraph (C), by inserting 

14 ‘‘or’’ after the semicolon; and 

15 (iii) by inserting after subparagraph 

16 (C) the following: 

17 ‘‘(D) violating or about to violate section 

18 1030(a)(5) of this title where such conduct has 

19 caused or would cause damage (as defined in sec20 tion 1030) without authorization to 100 or more 

21 protected computers (as defined in section 1030) 

22 during any 1-year period, including by— 


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1 ‘‘(i) impairing the availability or in2 tegrity of the protected computers without 

3 authorization; or 

4 ‘‘(ii) installing or maintaining control 

5 over malicious software on the protected 

6 computers that, without authorization, has 

7 caused or would cause damage to the pro8 tected computers;’’; and 

9 (B) in paragraph (2), in the matter pre10 ceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘, a vio11 lation described in subsection (a)(1)(D),’’ before 

12 ‘‘or a Federal’’; and 

13 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

14 ‘‘(c) A restraining order, prohibition, or other action 

15 described in subsection (b), if issued in circumstances de16 scribed in subsection (a)(1)(D), may, upon application of 

17 the Attorney General— 

18 ‘‘(1) specify that no cause of action shall lie in 

19 any court against a person for complying with the re20 straining order, prohibition, or other action; and 

21 ‘‘(2) provide that the United States shall pay to 

22 such person a fee for reimbursement for such costs as 

23 are reasonably necessary and which have been di24 rectly incurred in complying with the restraining 

25 order, prohibition, or other action.’’. 


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1 (b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The 

2 table of sections for chapter 63 of title 18, United States 

3 Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 

4 1345 and inserting the following: 

‘‘1345. Injunctions against fraud and abuse.’’. 

5 SEC. 405. AGGRAVATED DAMAGE TO A CRITICAL INFRA6 STRUCTURE COMPUTER. 

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 47 of title 18, United 

8 States Code, is amended by inserting after section 1030 the 

9 following: 

10 ‘‘§ 1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastruc11 ture computer 

12 ‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful, during and in 

13 relation to a felony violation of section 1030, to knowingly 

14 cause or attempt to cause damage to a critical infrastruc15 ture computer, if such damage results in (or, in the case 

16 of an attempted offense, would, if completed, have resulted 

17 in) the substantial impairment— 

18 ‘‘(1) of the operation of the critical infrastruc19 ture computer; or 

20 ‘‘(2) of the critical infrastructure associated with 

21 such computer. 

22 ‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 

23 (a) shall, in addition to the term of punishment provided 

24 for the felony violation of section 1030, be fined under this 

25 title, imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both. 


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1 ‘‘(c) CONSECUTIVE SENTENCE.—Notwithstanding any 

2 other provision of law— 

3 ‘‘(1) a court shall not place any person convicted 

4 of a violation of this section on probation; 

5 ‘‘(2) except as provided in paragraph (4), no 

6 term of imprisonment imposed on a person under this 

7 section shall run concurrently with any term of im8 prisonment imposed on the person under any other 

9 provision of law, including any term of imprisonment 

10 imposed for the felony violation of section 1030; 

11 ‘‘(3) in determining any term of imprisonment 

12 to be imposed for the felony violation of section 1030, 

13 a court shall not in any way reduce the term to be 

14 imposed for such violation to compensate for, or oth15 erwise take into account, any separate term of im16 prisonment imposed or to be imposed for a violation 

17 of this section; and 

18 ‘‘(4) a term of imprisonment imposed on a per19 son for a violation of this section may, in the discre20 tion of the court, run concurrently, in whole or in 

21 part, only with another term of imprisonment that is 

22 imposed by the court at the same time on that person 

23 for an additional violation of this section, if such dis24 cretion shall be exercised in accordance with any ap25 plicable guidelines and policy statements issued by 


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1 the United States Sentencing Commission pursuant 

2 to section 994 of title 28. 

3 ‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 

4 ‘‘(1) the terms ‘computer’ and ‘damage’ have the 

5 meanings given the terms in section 1030; and 

6 ‘‘(2) the term ‘critical infrastructure’ means sys7 tems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital 

8 to the United States that the incapacity or destruc9 tion of such systems and assets would have cata10 strophic regional or national effects on public health 

11 or safety, economic security, or national security, in12 cluding voter registration databases, voting machines, 

13 and other communications systems that manage the 

14 election process or report and display results on be15 half of State and local governments.’’. 

16 (b) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of sections for 

17 chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 

18 inserting after the item relating to section 1030 the fol19 lowing: 

‘‘1030A. Aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer.’’. 

20 SEC. 406. STOPPING TRAFFICKING IN BOTNETS; FOR21 FEITURE. 

22 Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is amend23 ed— 

24 (1) in subsection (a)— 


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1 (A) in paragraph (7), by adding ‘‘or’’ at the 

2 end; and 

3 (B) by inserting after paragraph (7) the fol4 lowing: 

5 ‘‘(8) intentionally traffics in the means of access 

6 to a protected computer, if— 

7 ‘‘(A) the trafficker knows or has reason to 

8 know the protected computer has been damaged 

9 in a manner prohibited by this section; and 

10 ‘‘(B) the promise or agreement to pay for 

11 the means of access is made by, or on behalf of, 

12 a person the trafficker knows or has reason to 

13 know intends to use the means of access to— 

14 ‘‘(i) damage a protected computer in a 

15 manner prohibited by this section; or 

16 ‘‘(ii) violate section 1037 or 1343;’’; 

17 (2) in subsection (c)(3)— 

18 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 

19 ‘‘(a)(4) or (a)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)(4), (a)(7), 

20 or (a)(8)’’; and 

21 (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

22 ‘‘(a)(4), or (a)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)(4), (a)(7), 

23 or (a)(8)’’; and 

24 (3) in subsection (e)— 


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1 (A) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and’’ 

2 at the end; 

3 (B) in paragraph (12), by striking the pe4 riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

5 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

6 ‘‘(13) the term ‘traffic’, except as provided in 

7 subsection (a)(6), means transfer, or otherwise dispose 

8 of, to another as consideration for the receipt of, or 

9 as consideration for a promise or agreement to pay, 

10 anything of pecuniary value.’’; 

11 (4) in subsection (g), in the first sentence, by in12 serting ‘‘, except for a violation of subsection (a)(8),’’ 

13 after ‘‘of this section’’; and 

14 (5) by striking subsections (i) and (j) and insert15 ing the following: 

16 ‘‘(i) CRIMINAL FORFEITURE.— 

17 ‘‘(1) The court, in imposing sentence on any per18 son convicted of a violation of this section, or con19 victed of conspiracy to violate this section, shall order, 

20 in addition to any other sentence imposed and irre21 spective of any provision of State law, that such per22 son forfeit to the United States— 

23 ‘‘(A) such person’s interest in any property, 

24 real or personal, that was used or intended to be 


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1 used to commit or to facilitate the commission of 

2 such violation; and 

3 ‘‘(B) any property, real or personal, consti4 tuting or derived from any gross proceeds, or 

5 any property traceable to such property, that 

6 such person obtained, directly or indirectly, as a 

7 result of such violation. 

8 ‘‘(2) The criminal forfeiture of property under 

9 this subsection, including any seizure and disposition 

10 of the property, and any related judicial or adminis11 trative proceeding, shall be governed by the provisions 

12 of section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 

13 U.S.C. 853), except subsection (d) of that section. 

14 ‘‘(j) CIVIL FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY USED IN THE

15 COMMISSION OF AN OFFENSE.— 

16 ‘‘(1) Any personal property, including any 

17 Internet domain name or Internet Protocol address, 

18 that was used or intended to be used to commit or to 

19 facilitate the commission of any violation of this sec20 tion, or a conspiracy to violate this section shall be 

21 subject to forfeiture to the United States, and no 

22 property right shall exist in such property. 

23 ‘‘(2) Seizures and forfeitures under this sub24 section shall be governed by the provisions of chapter 

25 46 relating to civil forfeitures, except that such duties 


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1 as are imposed on the Secretary of the Treasury 

2 under the customs laws described in section 981(d) 

3 shall be performed by such officers, agents, and other 

4 persons as may be designated for that purpose by the 

5 Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney Gen6 eral.’’. 

7 TITLE V—COMBATING ELECTION 

8 INTERFERENCE 

9 SEC. 501. PROHIBITION ON INTERFERENCE WITH VOTING 

10 SYSTEMS. 

11 Section 1030(e) of title 18, United States Code, is 

12 amended— 

13 (1) in paragraph (2)— 

14 (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘or’’ 

15 at the end; 

16 (B) in subparagraph (B), by adding ‘‘or’’ 

17 at the end; and 

18 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

19 ‘‘(C) that— 

20 ‘‘(i) is part of a voting system; and 

21 ‘‘(ii)(I) is used for the management, 

22 support, or administration of a Federal 

23 election; or 

24 ‘‘(II) has moved in or otherwise affects 

25 interstate or foreign commerce;’’; 


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1 (2) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 

2 end; 

3 (3) in paragraph (12), by striking the period 

4 and inserting a semicolon; and 

5 (4) by adding at the end the following: 

6 ‘‘(13) the term ‘Federal election’ means any elec7 tion (as defined in section 301(1) of the Federal Elec8 tion Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(1))) for 

9 Federal office (as defined in section 301(3) of the Fed10 eral Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 

11 30101(3))); and 

12 ‘‘(14) the term ‘voting system’ has the meaning 

13 given the term in section 301(b) of the Help America 

14 Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(b)).’’. 

15 SEC. 502. INADMISSIBILITY OF ALIENS SEEKING TO INTER16 FERE IN UNITED STATES ELECTIONS. 

17 (a) DEFINED TERM.—Section 101(a) of the Immigra18 tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)) is amended 

19 by adding at the end the following: 

20 ‘‘(53) The term ‘improper interference in a 

21 United States election’ means conduct by an alien 

22 that— 

23 ‘‘(A)(i) violates Federal criminal, voting 

24 rights, or campaign finance law; or 


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1 ‘‘(ii) is under the direction of a foreign gov2 ernment; and 

3 ‘‘(B) interferes with a general or primary 

4 Federal, State, or local election or caucus, in5 cluding— 

6 ‘‘(i) the campaign of a candidate; and 

7 ‘‘(ii) a ballot measure, including— 

8 ‘‘(I) an amendment; 

9 ‘‘(II) a bond issue; 

10 ‘‘(III) an initiative; 

11 ‘‘(IV) a recall; 

12 ‘‘(V) a referral; and 

13 ‘‘(VI) a referendum.’’. 

14 (b) IMPROPER INTERFERENCE IN UNITED STATES

15 ELECTIONS.—Section 212(a)(3) of the Immigration and 

16 Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)) is amended by add17 ing at the end the following: 

18 ‘‘(H) IMPROPER INTERFERENCE IN A

19 UNITED STATES ELECTION.—Any alien who is 

20 seeking admission to the United States to engage 

21 in improper interference in a United States elec22 tion, or who has engaged in improper inter23 ference in a United States election, is inadmis24 sible.’’. 


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1 TITLE VI—SANCTIONS WITH RE2 SPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FED3 ERATION 

4 Subtitle A—Expansion of Coun5 tering America’s Adversaries 

6 Through Sanctions Act 

7 SEC. 601. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ROLE OF SANCTIONS. 

8 It is the sense of Congress that economic and financial 

9 sanctions, when used as part of a coordinated and com10 prehensive strategy, are a powerful tool to advance United 

11 States foreign policy and national security interests. 

12 SEC. 602. SANCTIONS RELATED TO INTERFERENCE OF THE 

13 RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH DEMOCRATIC 

14 PROCESSES AND ELECTIONS. 

15 (a) EFFECTIVE DATE; TERMINATION.— 

16 (1) REQUIREMENT FOR FINDING.— 

17 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 45 days 

18 after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 

19 every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary of State 

20 and the Director of National Intelligence, shall 

21 jointly submit to the appropriate congressional 

22 committees the finding and certification de23 scribed in subparagraph (B). 

24 (B) FINDING AND CERTIFICATION.—The 

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1 paragraph is a finding and certification as to 

2 whether or not the Government of the Russian 

3 Federation is engaged in or knowingly sup4 porting operations to interfere in the democratic 

5 process, including the administration of elec6 tions, in the United States. 

7 (2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 

8 by this section shall— 

9 (A) take effect on the date of the enactment 

10 of this Act; and 

11 (B) apply on and after the earlier of— 

12 (i) a date on which the Secretary of 

13 State and the Director of National Intel14 ligence jointly submit a finding and certifi15 cation described in paragraph (1)(B) that 

16 the Government of the Russian Federation 

17 is engaged in or knowingly supporting op18 erations to interfere in the democratic proc19 ess, including the administration of elec20 tions, in the United States; or 

21 (ii) the date that is 90 days after a 

22 date on which the Secretary of State and 

23 the Director of National Intelligence fail to 

24 jointly submit a finding and certification 

25 described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph 


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1 (1) as required by subparagraph (A) of that 

2 paragraph. 

3 (3) TERMINATION.—The amendments made by 

4 this section shall cease to have force or effect if, after 

5 the effective date described in paragraph (2), the Sec6 retary of State and the Director of National Intel7 ligence jointly submit to the appropriate congres8 sional committees a finding and certification de9 scribed in paragraph (1)(B) that the Government of 

10 the Russian Federation is not engaged in or know11 ingly supporting operations to interfere in the demo12 cratic process, including the administration of elec13 tions, in the United States. 

14 (4) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES

15 DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appropriate 

16 congressional committees’’ has the meaning given that 

17 term in section 221 of the Countering America’s Ad18 versaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 2521). 

19 (b) AMENDMENTS.—Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of 

20 the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions 

21 Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.) is amended— 

22 (1) by redesignating sections 235, 236, 237, and 

23 238 as sections 239D, 239E, 239G, and 239H, respec24 tively; and 

25 (2) by inserting after section 234 the following: 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 235. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 

2 WITH CERTAIN RUSSIAN POLITICAL FIGURES 

3 AND OLIGARCHS. 

4 ‘‘On and after the date that is 180 days after the date 

5 of the enactment of the Defending American Security from 

6 Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose 

7 the sanctions described in section 224(b) with respect to— 

8 ‘‘(1) political figures, oligarchs, and other per9 sons that facilitate illicit and corrupt activities, di10 rectly or indirectly, on behalf of the President of the 

11 Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, and persons 

12 acting for or on behalf of such political figures, 

13 oligarchs, and persons; 

14 ‘‘(2) Russian parastatal entities that facilitate 

15 illicit and corrupt activities, directly or indirectly, on 

16 behalf of the President of the Russian Federation, 

17 Vladimir Putin; 

18 ‘‘(3) family members of persons described in 

19 paragraph (1) or (2) that derive significant benefits 

20 from such illicit and corrupt activities; and 

21 ‘‘(4) persons, including financial institutions, 

22 that knowingly engage in significant transactions 

23 with persons described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3). 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 236. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 

2 WITH THE CYBER SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN 

3 FEDERATION. 

4 ‘‘On and after the date that is 60 days after the date 

5 of the enactment of the Defending American Security from 

6 Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose 

7 the sanctions described in section 224(b) with respect to a 

8 person, including any financial institution, that the Presi9 dent determines— 

10 ‘‘(1) knowingly engages in significant trans11 actions with any person in the Russian Federation 

12 that supports or facilitates malicious cyber activities; 

13 or 

14 ‘‘(2) is knowingly owned or controlled by, or 

15 knowingly acts or purports to act for or on behalf of, 

16 directly or indirectly, a person that engages in sig17 nificant transactions described in paragraph (1). 

18 ‘‘SEC. 237. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 

19 RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN RUSSIAN LIQ20 UEFIED NATURAL GAS EXPORT FACILITIES. 

21 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date that is 180 

22 days after the date of the enactment of the Defending Amer23 ican Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the 

24 President shall impose five or more of the sanctions de25 scribed in section 239D with respect to a person if the Presi26 dent determines that the person knowingly, on or after such 


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1 date of enactment, makes an investment described in sub2 section (b) in a liquefied natural gas export facility located 

3 outside of the Russian Federation. 

4 ‘‘(b) INVESTMENT DESCRIBED.—An investment de5 scribed in this subsection is an investment that— 

6 ‘‘(1) directly and significantly contributes to the 

7 ability of the Russian Federation to construct lique8 fied natural gas export facilities outside of the Rus9 sian Federation; and 

10 ‘‘(2)(A) has a fair market value of $1,000,000 or 

11 more; or 

12 ‘‘(B) during a 12-month period, has an aggre13 gate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more. 

14 ‘‘SEC. 238. PROHIBITION ON TRANSACTIONS RELATING TO 

15 NEW SOVEREIGN DEBT OF THE RUSSIAN FED16 ERATION. 

17 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—If the Director of National Intel18 ligence determines that, on or after the date of the enact19 ment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin 

20 Aggression Act of 2019, the Russian Federation has engaged 

21 in malicious cyber activities targeting election infrastruc22 ture that has been designated as critical infrastructure by 

23 the Secretary of Homeland Security, not later than 60 days 

24 after that determination, the President shall prescribe regu25 lations prohibiting United States persons from engaging in 


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1 transactions with, providing financing for, or otherwise 

2 dealing in, Russian sovereign debt issued on or after the 

3 date that is 90 days after the date of the determination. 

4 ‘‘(b) RUSSIAN SOVEREIGN DEBT DEFINED.—In this 

5 section, the term ‘Russian sovereign debt’ means— 

6 ‘‘(1) bonds issued by the Central Bank, the Na7 tional Wealth Fund, or the Federal Treasury of the 

8 Russian Federation, or agents or affiliates of any of 

9 those entities, with a maturity of more than 14 days; 

10 ‘‘(2) foreign exchange swap agreements with the 

11 Central Bank, the National Wealth Fund, or the Fed12 eral Treasury of the Russian Federation with a dura13 tion of more than 14 days; and 

14 ‘‘(3) any other financial instrument, the dura15 tion or maturity of which is more than 14 days, 

16 that— 

17 ‘‘(A) was issued by a Russian financial in18 stitution on behalf of the Government of the Rus19 sian Federation; or 

20 ‘‘(B) the President determines otherwise 

21 represents the sovereign debt of the Government 

22 of the Russian Federation. 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 239. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIAN FINAN2 CIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT SUPPORT INTER3 FERENCE IN DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES OR 

4 ELECTIONS. 

5 ‘‘On and after the date that is 90 days after the date 

6 of the enactment of the Defending American Security from 

7 Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose 

8 the sanctions described in section 224(b)(1) with respect to 

9 any Russian financial institution that the President deter10 mines has, on or after such date of enactment, knowingly 

11 provided financial or other support for interference by the 

12 Government of the Russian Federation in the democratic 

13 process or elections of any country other than the Russian 

14 Federation.’’. 

15 SEC. 603. SANCTIONS RELATING TO THE ACTIONS OF THE 

16 RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH RESPECT TO 

17 UKRAINE. 

18 (a) EFFECTIVE DATE; TERMINATION.— 

19 (1) REQUIREMENT FOR FINDING.— 

20 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 45 days 

21 after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 

22 every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary of State 

23 and the Director of National Intelligence, shall 

24 jointly submit to the appropriate congressional 

25 committees the finding and certification de26 scribed in subparagraph (B). 


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1 (B) FINDING AND CERTIFICATION.—The 

2 finding and certification described in this sub3 paragraph is a finding and certification as to 

4 whether or not the Government of the Russian 

5 Federation is engaged in or knowingly sup6 porting offensive military operations in Ukraine. 

7 (2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 

8 by this section shall— 

9 (A) take effect on the date of the enactment 

10 of this Act; and 

11 (B) apply on and after the earlier of— 

12 (i) a date on which the Secretary of 

13 State and the Director of National Intel14 ligence jointly submit a finding and certifi15 cation described in paragraph (1)(B) that 

16 the Government of the Russian Federation 

17 is engaged in or knowingly supporting of18 fensive military operations in Ukraine; or 

19 (ii) the date that is 90 days after a 

20 date on which the Secretary of State and 

21 the Director of National Intelligence fail to 

22 jointly submit a finding and certification 

23 described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph 

24 (1) as required by subparagraph (A) of that 

25 paragraph. 


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1 (3) TERMINATION.—The amendments made by 

2 this section shall cease to have force or effect if, after 

3 the effective date described in paragraph (2), the Sec4 retary of State and the Director of National Intel5 ligence jointly submit to the appropriate congres6 sional committees a finding and certification de7 scribed in paragraph (1)(B) that the Government of 

8 the Russian Federation is not engaged in or know9 ingly supporting offensive military operations in 

10 Ukraine. 

11 (4) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES

12 DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appropriate 

13 congressional committees’’ has the meaning given that 

14 term in section 221 of the Countering America’s Ad15 versaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 2521). 

16 (b) AMENDMENTS.—Part 2 of subtitle A of title II of 

17 the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions 

18 Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as amended by section 602, 

19 is further amended by inserting after section 239 the fol20 lowing: 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 239A. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS 

2 RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY 

3 PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY RUSSIAN STATE4 OWNED OR PARASTATAL ENTITIES OUTSIDE 

5 OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 

6 ‘‘On and after the date that is 180 days after the date 

7 of the enactment of the Defending American Security from 

8 Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the President shall impose 

9 five or more of the sanctions described in section 239D with 

10 respect to a person if the President determines that— 

11 ‘‘(1) the person knowingly, on or after such date 

12 of enactment, invests in a project to explore for or 

13 produce crude oil or natural gas outside of the Rus14 sian Federation— 

15 ‘‘(A) that is initiated after the date of the 

16 enactment of the Defending American Security 

17 from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019; and 

18 ‘‘(B) in which a Russian parastatal entity 

19 or an entity owned or controlled by the Govern20 ment of the Russian Federation has— 

21 ‘‘(i) a 33 percent or greater ownership 

22 interest; or 

23 ‘‘(ii) ownership of a majority of the 

24 voting interests; and 


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1 ‘‘(2) the total value of the investment in the 

2 project by that person exceeds or is reasonably ex3 pected to exceed $250,000,000. 

4 ‘‘SEC. 239B. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SUPPORT FOR 

5 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRUDE OIL RE6 SOURCES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 

7 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose five or 

8 more of the sanctions described in section 239D with respect 

9 to a person if the President determines that the person 

10 knowingly, on or after the date of the enactment of the De11 fending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act 

12 of 2019, sells, leases, or provides to the Russian Federation 

13 goods, services, technology, financing, or support described 

14 in subsection (b)— 

15 ‘‘(1) any of which has a fair market value of 

16 $1,000,000 or more; or 

17 ‘‘(2) that, during a 12-month period, have an 

18 aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more. 

19 ‘‘(b) GOODS, SERVICES, TECHNOLOGY, FINANCING, OR

20 SUPPORT DESCRIBED.—Goods, services, technology, financ21 ing, or support described in this subsection are goods, serv22 ices, technology, financing or support that could directly 

23 and significantly contribute to the Russian Federation’s— 

24 ‘‘(1) ability to develop crude oil resources located 

25 in the Russian Federation; or 


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1 ‘‘(2) production of crude oil resources in the Rus2 sian Federation, including any direct and significant 

3 assistance with respect to the construction, mod4 ernization, or repair of infrastructure that would fa5 cilitate the development of crude oil resources located 

6 in the Russian Federation. 

7 ‘‘(c) APPLICABILITY.—The requirement to impose 

8 sanctions under subsection (a) shall not apply with respect 

9 to the maintenance of projects that are ongoing as of the 

10 date of the enactment of the Defending American Security 

11 from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019. 

12 ‘‘(d) REQUIREMENT TO ISSUE GUIDANCE.—Not later 

13 than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Defending 

14 American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, 

15 the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary 

16 of the Treasury and the Secretary of Energy, shall issue 

17 regulations— 

18 ‘‘(1) clarifying how the exception under sub19 section (c) will be applied; and 

20 ‘‘(2) listing specific goods, services, technology, 

21 financing, and support covered by subsection (b). 

22 ‘‘SEC. 239C. SANCTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS BY THE RUSSIAN 

23 FEDERATION OF FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION. 

24 ‘‘(a) DETERMINATION OF VIOLATION.— 


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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 

2 the date of the enactment of the Defending American 

3 Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, and 

4 every 180 days thereafter, the Secretary of State shall 

5 determine and certify to the committees specified in 

6 subsection (d) whether the Government of the Russian 

7 Federation, including the armed forces or coast guard 

8 of the Russian Federation, has interfered with the 

9 freedom of navigation of one or more vessels in the 

10 Kerch Strait or elsewhere in a manner inconsistent 

11 with international law during the 180 days preceding 

12 the certification. 

13 ‘‘(2) PUBLICATION OF CERTIFICATION.—Not later 

14 than 15 days after submitting a certification under 

15 paragraph (1), the Secretary shall publish the certifi16 cation in the Federal Register. 

17 ‘‘(b) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—On and after the 

18 date that is 90 days after the publication of a certification 

19 under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) indicating that the 

20 Government of the Russian Federation has interfered with 

21 the freedom of navigation of one or more vessels as described 

22 in paragraph (1) of that subsection, all entities operating 

23 in the shipbuilding sector of the Russian Federation shall 

24 be subject to the same restrictions as an entity included on 

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1 sons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of 

2 the Department of the Treasury. 

3 ‘‘(c) REMOVAL OF SANCTIONS.—The restrictions im4 posed pursuant to subsection (b) shall remain in effect until 

5 the date on which the Secretary of State determines and 

6 certifies to the committees specified in subsection (d) that— 

7 ‘‘(1) the Government of the Russian Federation, 

8 including the armed forces and coast guard of the 

9 Russian Federation, has not interfered with the free10 dom of navigation of any vessels in the Kerch Strait 

11 or elsewhere in a manner inconsistent with inter12 national law during the 3-year period preceding the 

13 submission of that certification; and 

14 ‘‘(2) the Government of the Russian Federation 

15 has provided assurances that that Government will 

16 not engage in such interference in the future. 

17 ‘‘(d) COMMITTEES SPECIFIED.—The committees speci18 fied in this subsection are— 

19 ‘‘(1) the appropriate congressional committees; 

20 and 

21 ‘‘(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the 

22 Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the 

23 House of Representatives.’’. 


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1 SEC. 604. CONFORMING AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS. 

2 (a) IMPLEMENTATION AND PENALTIES.—Part 2 of sub3 title A of title II of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

4 Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as amend5 ed by sections 602 and 603 is further amended by inserting 

6 after section 239E the following: 

7 ‘‘SEC. 239F. IMPLEMENTATION AND PENALTIES. 

8 ‘‘(a) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may exercise 

9 all authorities provided to the President under sections 203 

10 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers 

11 Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this part. 

12 ‘‘(b) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, attempts to 

13 violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this 

14 part or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out 

15 this part shall be subject to the penalties set forth in sub16 sections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International 

17 Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the 

18 same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act de19 scribed in subsection (a) of that section.’’. 

20 (b) DEFINITIONS.—Section 221 of the Countering 

21 America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 

22 9521) is amended— 

23 (1) by redesignating paragraph (6) as para24 graph (7); and 

25 (2) by inserting after paragraph (5) the fol26 lowing: 


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1 ‘‘(6) RUSSIAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTION.—The 

2 term ‘Russian financial institution’ means— 

3 ‘‘(A) a financial institution organized 

4 under the laws of the Russian Federation or any 

5 jurisdiction within the Russian Federation, in6 cluding a foreign branch of such an institution; 

7 ‘‘(B) a financial institution located in the 

8 Russian Federation; 

9 ‘‘(C) a financial institution, wherever lo10 cated, owned or controlled by the Government of 

11 the Russian Federation; and 

12 ‘‘(D) a financial institution, wherever lo13 cated, owned or controlled by a financial institu14 tion described in subparagraph (A), (B), or 

15 (C).’’. 

16 (c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for 

17 the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions 

18 Act is amended by striking the items relating to sections 

19 235 through 238 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Sec. 235. Sanctions with respect to transactions with certain Russian political 

figures and oligarchs. 

‘‘Sec. 236. Sanctions with respect to transactions with the cyber sector of the Russian Federation. 

‘‘Sec. 237. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to investments in Russian liquefied natural gas export facilities. 

‘‘Sec. 238. Prohibition on transactions relating to new sovereign debt of the Russian Federation. 

‘‘Sec. 239. Sanctions with respect to Russian financial institutions that support 

interference in democratic processes or elections. 

‘‘Sec. 239A. Sanctions with respect to transactions related to investments in energy projects supported by Russian state-owned or parastatal entities outside of the Russian Federation. 


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‘‘Sec. 239B. Sanctions with respect to support for the development of crude oil 

resources in the Russian Federation. 

‘‘Sec. 239C. Sanctions for violations by the Russian Federation of freedom of 

navigation. 

‘‘Sec. 239D. Sanctions described. 

‘‘Sec. 239E. Exceptions, waiver, and termination. 

‘‘Sec. 239F. Implementation and penalties. 

‘‘Sec. 239G. Exception relating to activities of the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration. 

‘‘Sec. 239H. Rule of construction.’’. 

1 (d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Part 2 of subtitle A 

2 of title II of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through 

3 Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9521 et seq.), as amended by this 

4 subtitle, is further amended— 

5 (1) in section 231, by striking subsection (e); and 

6 (2) by striking ‘‘section 235’’ each place it ap7 pears and inserting ‘‘section 239D’’. 

8 (e) GUIDANCE.—The President shall, in a prompt and 

9 timely way, publish guidance on the implementation of this 

10 subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle and any 

11 regulations prescribed pursuant to this subtitle or any such 

12 amendment. 


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1 Subtitle B—Expansion of Sanctions 

2 Relating to Human Rights Abuses 

3 SEC. 611. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 

4 ASSASSINATIONS COMMITTED BY THE RUS5 SIAN FEDERATION WITHIN THE TERRITORY 

6 OF THE UNITED STATES OR NATO MEMBER 

7 COUNTRIES. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 

9 suspected assassination of an individual by the Government 

10 of the Russian Federation within the territory of the United 

11 States or a NATO member country, the Director of National 

12 Intelligence, in consultation with the governments of NATO 

13 member countries, as appropriate, shall determine whether 

14 the assassination was directed by the Government of the 

15 Russian Federation. 

16 (b) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—If the Director of Na17 tional Intelligence determines under subsection (a), based 

18 on credible evidence, that the Government of the Russian 

19 Federation directed an assassination described in that sub20 section, the President shall impose the sanctions described 

21 in section 1263(b) of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights 

22 Accountability Act (subtitle F of title XII of Public Law 

23 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note) with respect to any foreign 

24 person the President determines is responsible for the assas25 sination. 


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1 SEC. 612. REPEAL OF SUNSET FOR GLOBAL MAGNITSKY 

2 HUMAN RIGHTS ACCOUNTABILITY ACT. 

3 Section 1265 of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights 

4 Accountability Act (subtitle F of title XII of Public Law 

5 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note) is repealed. 

6 SEC. 613. CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW AND CONTINUED AP7 PLICABILITY OF SANCTIONS UNDER THE 

8 SERGEI MAGNITSKY RULE OF LAW ACCOUNT9 ABILITY ACT OF 2012. 

10 Section 216(a)(2)(B)(i) of the Russia Sanctions Re11 view Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9511(a)(2)(B)(i)) is amend12 ed— 

13 (1) in subclause (II), by striking ‘‘; or’’ and in14 serting a semicolon; 

15 (2) in subclause (III), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 

16 inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 

17 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

18 ‘‘(IV) the Sergei Magnitsky Rule 

19 of Law Accountability Act of 2012 

20 (title IV of Public Law 112–208; 22 

21 U.S.C. 5811 note); and’’. 


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1 Subtitle C—Coordination With the 

2 European Union 

3 SEC. 621. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON COORDINATION WITH 

4 ALLIES WITH RESPECT TO SANCTIONS WITH 

5 RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 

6 It is the sense of Congress that the President should— 

7 (1) continue to uphold and seek unity with Eu8 ropean and other key partners with respect to sanc9 tions implemented with respect to the Russian Fed10 eration, which have been effective and instrumental in 

11 countering the aggression of the Russian Federation; 

12 (2) engage to the fullest extent possible with gov13 ernments that are partners of the United States with 

14 regard to closing loopholes, including the allowance of 

15 extended prepayment for the delivery of goods and 

16 commodities and other loopholes, in multilateral and 

17 unilateral restrictive measures against the Russian 

18 Federation, with the aim of maximizing alignment of 

19 those measures; and 

20 (3) increase efforts to vigorously enforce compli21 ance with sanctions in place as of the date of the en22 actment of this Act with respect to the Russian Fed23 eration in response to the crises in Ukraine and 

24 Syria, cyber intrusions and attacks, and human 

25 rights violators in the Russian Federation. 


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1 SEC. 622. OFFICE OF SANCTIONS COORDINATION OF THE 

2 DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 

3 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the State Department 

4 Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a), as amend5 ed by section 211, is further amended— 

6 (1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection 

7 (i); and 

8 (2) by inserting after subsection (g) the fol9 lowing: 

10 ‘‘(h) OFFICE OF SANCTIONS COORDINATION.— 

11 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established, within 

12 the Department of State, an Office of Sanctions Co13 ordination (referred to in this subsection as the ‘Of14 fice’). 

15 ‘‘(2) HEAD.—The head of the Office shall— 

16 ‘‘(A) have the rank and status of ambas17 sador; 

18 ‘‘(B) be appointed by the President, by and 

19 with the advice and consent of the Senate; and 

20 ‘‘(C) report to the Under Secretary for Po21 litical Affairs. 

22 ‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The head of the Office shall— 

23 ‘‘(A) serve as the principal advisor to the 

24 senior management of the Department and the 

25 Secretary regarding the role of the Department 

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1 tions policy, including sanctions with respect to 

2 the Russian Federation, Iran, North Korea, and 

3 other countries; 

4 ‘‘(B) represent the United States in diplo5 matic and multilateral fora on sanctions mat6 ters; 

7 ‘‘(C) consult and closely coordinate with the 

8 European Union to ensure the maximum effec9 tiveness of sanctions imposed by the United 

10 States and the European Union with respect to 

11 the Russian Federation; 

12 ‘‘(D) advise the Secretary directly and pro13 vide input with respect to all activities, policies, 

14 and programs of all bureaus and offices of the 

15 Department relating to the implementation of 

16 sanctions policy; and 

17 ‘‘(E) serve as the principal liaison of the 

18 Department to other Federal agencies involved in 

19 the design and implementation of sanctions pol20 icy. 

21 ‘‘(4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 

22 subsection may be construed to preclude— 

23 ‘‘(A) the Office from being elevated to a Bu24 reau within the Department; or 


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1 ‘‘(B) the head of the Office from being ele2 vated to level of an Assistant Secretary.’’. 

3 (b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 60 days after 

4 the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall 

5 submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 

6 detailing the efforts of the Office of Sanctions Coordination 

7 established under the amendments made by subsection (a) 

8 to coordinate sanctions policy with the European Union. 

9 SEC. 623. REPORT ON COORDINATION OF SANCTIONS BE10 TWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN 

11 UNION. 

12 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 

13 date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days there14 after, the President shall submit to the appropriate congres15 sional committees a report that includes the following: 

16 (1) A description of each instance, during the pe17 riod specified in subsection (b)— 

18 (A) in which the United States has imposed 

19 sanctions with respect to a person for activity re20 lated to the Russian Federation, but in which the 

21 European Union has not imposed corresponding 

22 sanctions; and 

23 (B) in which the European Union has im24 posed sanctions with respect to a person for ac25 tivity related to the Russian Federation, but in 


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1 which the United States has not imposed cor2 responding sanctions. 

3 (2) An explanation for the reason for each dis4 crepancy between sanctions imposed by the European 

5 Union and sanctions imposed by the United States 

6 described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph 

7 (1). 

8 (b) PERIOD SPECIFIED.—The period specified in this 

9 subsection is— 

10 (1) in the case of the first report submitted under 

11 subsection (a), the period beginning on the date of the 

12 enactment of this Act and ending on the date the re13 port is submitted; and 

14 (2) in the case of a subsequent such report, the 

15 180-day period preceding the submission of the re16 port. 

17 (c) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required by sub18 section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may 

19 include a classified annex. 

20 (d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE21 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres22 sional committees’’ means— 

23 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

24 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, 

25 and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and 


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1 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Com2 mittee on Financial Services, and the Committee on 

3 Ways and Means of the House of Representatives. 

4 Subtitle D—Reports Relating to 

5 Sanctions With Respect to the 

6 Russian Federation 

7 SEC. 631. DEFINITIONS. 

8 In this subtitle: 

9 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT10 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit11 tees’’ means— 

12 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

13 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af14 fairs, and the Committee on Finance of the Sen15 ate; and 

16 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

17 Committee on Financial Services, and the Com18 mittee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep19 resentatives. 

20 (2) SENIOR FOREIGN POLITICAL FIGURE.—The 

21 term ‘‘senior foreign political figure’’ has the meaning 

22 given that term in section 1010.605 of title 31, Code 

23 of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar 

24 regulation or ruling). 


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1 SEC. 632. UPDATED REPORT ON OLIGARCHS AND 

2 PARASTATAL ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FED3 ERATION. 

4 Section 241 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

5 Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 922) 

6 is amended— 

7 (1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as 

8 subsections (c) and (d), respectively; 

9 (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol10 lowing: 

11 ‘‘(b) UPDATED REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 

12 after the date of the enactment of the Defending American 

13 Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2019, the Sec14 retary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Director 

15 of National Intelligence and the Secretary of State, shall 

16 submit to the appropriate congressional committees an up17 dated report on oligarchs and parastatal entities of the Rus18 sian Federation that builds on the report submitted under 

19 subsection (a) on January 29, 2018, by— 

20 ‘‘(1) including the matters described in para21 graphs (1) through (5) of subsection (a); and 

22 ‘‘(2) excluding from the portion of the report re23 sponsive to paragraph (1) of subsection (a) any indi24 vidual with respect to which there is no credible infor25 mation suggesting the individual has the close finanVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:06 Dec 19, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00198 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S482.RS S482

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1 cial or political relationships, or engages in the illicit 

2 activities, described in subsection (a).’’; and 

3 (3) in subsection (c), as redesignated by para4 graph (1), by striking ‘‘The report required under 

5 subsection (a)’’ and inserting ‘‘The reports required 

6 by subsections (a) and (b)’’. 

7 SEC. 633. REPORT ON SECTION 224 OF THE COUNTERING 

8 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC9 TIONS ACT. 

10 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

11 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 

12 to the appropriate congressional committees a report that 

13 describes the persons that the President has determined 

14 under section 224(a)(1)(A) of the Countering America’s Ad15 versaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9524(a)(1)(A)) 

16 knowingly engaged, on or after August 2, 2017, and before 

17 the date of the report, in significant activities undermining 

18 cybersecurity against any person, including a democratic 

19 institution or government on behalf of the Government of 

20 the Russian Federation. 

21 (b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection (a) 

22 shall contain the following: 

23 (1) A list of the persons described in subsection 

24 (a). 


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1 (2) A description of diplomatic efforts to work 

2 with governments and democratic institutions in 

3 other countries the cybersecurity of which the Presi4 dent determines has been undermined by the Govern5 ment of the Russian Federation. 

6 (c) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

7 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

8 the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 

9 committees an update to the report required by subsection 

10 (a). 

11 SEC. 634. REPORT ON SECTION 225 OF THE COUNTERING 

12 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC13 TIONS ACT. 

14 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

15 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 

16 to the appropriate congressional committees a report that 

17 describes the foreign persons that the President has deter18 mined under section 4(b)(1) of the Ukraine Freedom Sup19 port Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8923(b)(1)), as amended by 

20 section 225 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

21 Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 

22 910), have knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, and be23 fore the date of the report, made a significant investment 

24 in a special Russian crude oil project. 


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1 (b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

2 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

3 the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 

4 committees an update to the report required by subsection 

5 (a). 

6 SEC. 635. REPORT ON SECTION 226 OF THE COUNTERING 

7 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC8 TIONS ACT. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

10 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 

11 to the appropriate congressional committees a report that 

12 describes the foreign financial institutions that the Presi13 dent has determined under section 5(a) of the Ukraine Free14 dom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8924(a)), as amended 

15 by section 226 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

16 Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 

17 910), have knowingly engaged, on or after August 2, 2017, 

18 and before the date of the report, in significant transactions 

19 involving significant investments in a special Russian 

20 crude oil project described in section 4(b)(1) of the Ukraine 

21 Freedom Support Act of 2014. 

22 (b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

23 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

24 the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 


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1 committees an update to the report required by subsection 

2 (a). 

3 SEC. 636. REPORT ON SECTION 228 OF THE COUNTERING 

4 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC5 TIONS ACT. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

7 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 

8 to the appropriate congressional committees a report that 

9 describes the foreign persons that the President has deter10 mined under subsection (a) of section 10 of the Support 

11 for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic 

12 Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8909), as added 

13 by section 228 of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

14 Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 

15 911), have, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date 

16 of the report— 

17 (1) materially violated, attempted to violate, 

18 conspired to violate, or caused a violation of any li19 cense, order, regulation, or prohibition contained in 

20 or issued pursuant to any covered Executive order (as 

21 defined in subsection (f) of such section 10), the Sup22 port for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and 

23 Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 

24 U.S.C. 8901 et seq.), or the Ukraine Freedom Support 

25 Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.); or 


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1 (2) facilitated a significant transaction or trans2 actions, including deceptive or structured trans3 actions, for or on behalf of— 

4 (A) any person subject to sanctions imposed 

5 by the United States with respect to the Russian 

6 Federation; or 

7 (B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling of 

8 an individual described in subparagraph (A). 

9 (b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

10 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

11 the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 

12 committees an update to the report required by subsection 

13 (a). 

14 SEC. 637. REPORT ON SECTION 233 OF THE COUNTERING 

15 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC16 TIONS ACT. 

17 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

18 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 

19 to the appropriate congressional committees a report that 

20 describes the foreign persons that the President has deter21 mined under section 233 of the Countering America’s Ad22 versaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9527) have 

23 made, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date of 

24 the report, an investment of $10,000,000 or more (or any 

25 combination of investments of not less than $1,000,000 each, 


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1 which in the aggregate equals or exceeds $10,000,000 in any 

2 12-month period), or facilitated such an investment, if the 

3 investment directly and significantly contributes to the 

4 ability of the Russian Federation to privatize state-owned 

5 assets in a manner that unjustly benefits— 

6 (1) officials of the Government of the Russian 

7 Federation; or 

8 (2) close associates or family members of those 

9 officials. 

10 (b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

11 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

12 the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 

13 committees an update to the report required by subsection 

14 (a). 

15 SEC. 638. REPORT ON SECTION 234 OF THE COUNTERING 

16 AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANC17 TIONS ACT. 

18 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 

19 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 

20 to the appropriate congressional committees a report that 

21 describes the foreign persons that the President has deter22 mined under section 234 of the Countering America’s Ad23 versaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9528) have 

24 knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, and before the date 

25 of the report, exported, transferred, or otherwise provided 


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1 to Syria significant financial, material, or technological 

2 support that contributes materially to the ability of the 

3 Government of Syria to— 

4 (1) acquire or develop chemical, biological, or 

5 nuclear weapons or related technologies; 

6 (2) acquire or develop ballistic or cruise missile 

7 capabilities; 

8 (3) acquire or develop destabilizing numbers and 

9 types of advanced conventional weapons; 

10 (4) acquire significant defense articles, defense 

11 services, or defense information (as such terms are de12 fined under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 

13 2751 et seq.)); or 

14 (5) acquire items designated by the President for 

15 purposes of the United States Munitions List under 

16 section 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 

17 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)). 

18 (b) UPDATES.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

19 of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, 

20 the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 

21 committees an update to the report required by subsection 

22 (a). 


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1 Subtitle E—General Provisions 

2 SEC. 651. EXCEPTION RELATING TO ACTIVITIES OF THE NA3 TIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS4 TRATION. 

5 (a) IN GENERAL.—This title and the amendments 

6 made by this title shall not apply with respect to activities 

7 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 

8 (b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this title or 

9 the amendments made by this title shall be construed to au10 thorize the imposition of any sanction or other condition, 

11 limitation, restriction, or prohibition, that directly or indi12 rectly impedes the supply by any entity of the Russian Fed13 eration of any product or service, or the procurement of 

14 such product or service by any contractor or subcontractor 

15 of the United States or any other entity, relating to or in 

16 connection with any space launch conducted for— 

17 (1) the National Aeronautics and Space Admin18 istration; or 

19 (2) any other non-Department of Defense cus20 tomer. 

21 SEC. 652. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 

22 Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this 

23 title shall be construed— 

24 (1) to supersede the limitations or exceptions on 

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1 poses under section 1608 of the Carl Levin and How2 ard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Authoriza3 tion Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113–291; 

4 128 Stat. 3626; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note), as amended by 

5 section 1607 of the National Defense Authorization 

6 Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 

7 Stat. 1100) and section 1602 of the National Defense 

8 Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 

9 114–328; 130 Stat. 2582); or 

10 (2) to prohibit a contractor or subcontractor of 

11 the Department of Defense from acquiring components 

12 referred to in such section 1608. 

13 TITLE VII—OTHER MATTERS RE14 LATING TO THE RUSSIAN 

15 FEDERATION 

16 SEC. 701. DETERMINATION ON DESIGNATION OF THE RUS17 SIAN FEDERATION AS A STATE SPONSOR OF 

18 TERRORISM. 

19 (a) DETERMINATION.— 

20 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 

21 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 

22 State shall submit to the appropriate congressional 

23 committees a determination of whether the Russian 

24 Federation meets the criteria for designation as a 

25 state sponsor of terrorism. 


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1 (2) FORM.—The determination required by 

2 paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form 

3 but may include a classified annex, if appropriate. 

4 (b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

5 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT6 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit7 tees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations of 

8 the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 

9 the House of Representatives. 

10 (2) STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.—The term 

11 ‘‘state sponsor of terrorism’’ means a country the gov12 ernment of which the Secretary of State has deter13 mined is a government that has repeatedly provided 

14 support for acts of international terrorism, for pur15 poses of— 

16 (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export 

17 Control Reform Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 

18 4813(c)(1)(A)(i)); 

19 (B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance 

20 Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371); 

21 (C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Con22 trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or 

23 (D) any other provision of law. 


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1 SEC. 702. EXPANSION OF GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING ORDERS 

2 OF FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NET3 WORK. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 5326 of title 31, United 

5 States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 

6 ‘‘(e) REPORTING BY TITLE INSURANCE COMPANIES.— 

7 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall issue an 

8 order under subsection (a) requiring a domestic title 

9 insurance company to obtain, maintain, and report 

10 to the Secretary information on the beneficial owners 

11 of entities that purchase residential real estate in 

12 high-value transactions in which the domestic title in13 surance company is involved. 

14 ‘‘(2) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 

15 ‘‘(A) BENEFICIAL OWNER.—The term ‘bene16 ficial owner’, with respect to an entity, means 

17 an individual who, directly or indirectly, owns 

18 25 percent or more of the equity interests in the 

19 entity. 

20 ‘‘(B) DOMESTIC TITLE INSURANCE COM21 PANY.—The term ‘domestic title insurance com22 pany’ has the meaning given that term in regu23 lations prescribed by the Secretary. 

24 ‘‘(C) HIGH-VALUE TRANSACTION.—The term 

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1 lations prescribed by the Secretary based on the 

2 real estate market in which the transaction takes 

3 place.’’. 

4 (b) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 90 days after the 

5 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treas6 ury shall prescribe regulations to carry out the amendment 

7 made by subsection (a). 

8 (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 

9 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums 

10 as may be necessary to carry out the amendment made by 

11 subsection (a). 

12 SEC. 703. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON EXTENSION OF LIMITA13 TIONS ON IMPORTATION OF URANIUM FROM 

14 RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 

15 It is the sense of Congress that— 

16 (1) uranium is essential to the economic and na17 tional security of the Unites States; 

18 (2) the Department of Commerce should nego19 tiate an extension of the Agreement Suspending the 

20 Antidumping Investigation on Uranium from the 

21 Russian Federation (commonly referred to as the 

22 ‘‘Russian Suspension Agreement’’)— 

23 (A) to reinvigorate the entire nuclear fuel 

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1 rity and nonproliferation goals of the United 

2 States; and 

3 (B) to protect the United States uranium 

4 industry from the manipulation of the global 

5 uranium market by the Russian Federation and 

6 Russian-influenced competitors; and 

7 (3) a renegotiated suspension agreement is an 

8 important component of a broader strategy to prevent 

9 adversaries of the United States from monopolizing 

10 the nuclear fuel supply chain. 

11 SEC. 704. ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL FUSION CENTER 

12 TO RESPOND TO THREATS FROM THE GOV13 ERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 

14 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established a National 

15 Fusion Center to Respond to Hybrid Threats, which shall 

16 focus primarily on such threats from the Government of the 

17 Russian Federation, and shall be chaired by senior United 

18 States Government officials from participating agencies (in 

19 this section referred to as the ‘‘Center’’). 

20 (b) MISSION.—The primary missions of the Center are 

21 as follows: 

22 (1) To serve as the primary organization in the 

23 United States Government to coordinate analysis and 

24 policy implementation across the United States Gov25 ernment in responding to hybrid threats posed by the 


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1 Government of the Russian Federation to the national 

2 security, sovereignty, democracy, and economic activ3 ity of the United States and United States allies, in4 cluding the following activities: 

5 (A) Execution of disinformation, misin6 formation, and propaganda campaigns through 

7 traditional and social media platforms, includ8 ing disinformation campaigns that target mem9 bers of the United States Armed Forces or the 

10 families of members of the United States Armed 

11 Forces. 

12 (B) Formation, infiltration, or manipula13 tion of cultural, religious, educational, and polit14 ical organizations or parties. 

15 (C) Covert transfer of illicit money through 

16 shell corporations and financial institutions to 

17 facilitate corruption, crime, and malign influ18 ence activities, including through political par19 ties and interest groups. 

20 (D) Coercive tactics and gray zone activi21 ties, including through para-military and para22 police and security services and militias. 

23 (E) Cyber and other non-traditional 

24 threats, including against public infrastructure, 


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1 government institutions, or political organiza2 tions or actors. 

3 (F) Use of energy resources or infrastruc4 ture to influence or constrain sovereign states 

5 and political actors. 

6 (2) To synchronize the efforts of the Department 

7 of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Depart8 ment of Defense, the Department of Homeland Secu9 rity, the intelligence community, other relevant civil10 ian United States Government agencies, and United 

11 States military combatant commands with respect to 

12 countering efforts by the Government of the Russian 

13 Federation to undermine the national security, polit14 ical sovereignty, democratic institutions, and eco15 nomic activity of the United States and its United 

16 States allies, including by— 

17 (A) ensuring that each such element is 

18 aware of and coordinating on such efforts; and 

19 (B) overseeing the development and imple20 mentation of comprehensive and integrated pol21 icy responses to such efforts. 

22 (3) In coordination with the head of the Global 

23 Engagement Center established by section 1287 of the 

24 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 

25 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note), to 


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1 examine current and emerging efforts by malign state 

2 actors to use propaganda and disinformation oper3 ations, including— 

4 (A) traditional media platforms such as tel5 evision, radio, and print; and 

6 (B) social media platforms and other Inter7 net communication tools. 

8 (4) To identify and close gaps across the depart9 ments and agencies of the Federal Government with 

10 respect to expertise, readiness, and planning to ad11 dress the threats posed by the Government of the Rus12 sian Federation. 

13 (c) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Center 

15 shall submit to the appropriate congressional commit16 tees every 180 days a report on threats posed by the 

17 Russian Federation to the national security, sov18 ereignty, and economic activity of the United States 

19 and its allies. 

20 (2) MATTERS INCLUDED.—Each report under 

21 paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to the pe22 riod covered by the report, a discussion of the fol23 lowing: 

24 (A) The nature, extent, and execution of the 

25 threats described in such paragraph. 


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1 (B) The ability of the United States Gov2 ernment to identify and defend against such 

3 threats. 

4 (C) The progress of the Center in achieving 

5 its missions, including through coordination 

6 with other governments and multilateral organi7 zations. 

8 (D) Recommendations the Director deter9 mines necessary for legislative actions to improve 

10 the ability of the Center to achieve its missions. 

11 (3) FORM.—Each report under paragraph (1) 

12 shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in13 clude a classified annex. 

14 (d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

15 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT16 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit17 tees’’ means— 

18 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

19 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af20 fairs, and the Committee on Finance of the Sen21 ate; and 

22 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

23 Committee on Financial Services, and the Com24 mittee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep25 resentatives. 


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1 (2) INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.—The term ‘‘in2 telligence community’’ means an element of the intel3 ligence community specified or designated under sec4 tion 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947. 

5 (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 

6 authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be nec7 essary to carry out this section. 

8 SEC. 705. COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE FUND. 

9 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

10 authorized to be appropriated for the Countering Russian 

11 Influence Fund described in section 7070(d) of the Depart12 ment of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs 

13 Appropriations Act, 2017 (division J of Public Law 115– 

14 31; 131 Stat. 706), $250,000,000 for fiscal years 2021 and 

15 2022. 

16 (b) USE OF FUNDS.—Amounts in the Countering Rus17 sian Influence Fund shall be used in countries of Europe 

18 and Eurasia the Secretary of State has determined are vul19 nerable to malign influence by the Russian Federation to 

20 effectively implement, subject to the availability of funds, 

21 the following goals: 

22 (1) To assist in protecting critical infrastructure 

23 and electoral mechanisms from cyberattacks. 

24 (2) To combat disinformation and other attempts 

25 to influence democratic processes and elections. 


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1 (3) To combat corruption, improve the rule of 

2 law, and otherwise strengthen independent judiciaries 

3 and prosecutors general offices. 

4 (4) To respond to the humanitarian crises and 

5 instability caused or aggravated by the invasions and 

6 occupations of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine by the 

7 Russian Federation. 

8 (5) To improve participatory legislative proc9 esses and legal education, political transparency and 

10 competition, and compliance with international obli11 gations. 

12 (6) To build the capacity of civil society, media, 

13 and other nongovernmental organizations countering 

14 the influence and propaganda of the Russian Federa15 tion to combat corruption, prioritize access to truthful 

16 information, and operate freely in all regions. 

17 (7) To assist the Secretary of State in executing 

18 the functions specified in section 1239(b) of the Na19 tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 

20 (Public Law 115–91; 10 U.S.C. 113 note) for the pur21 poses of recognizing, understanding, exposing, and 

22 countering propaganda and disinformation efforts by 

23 foreign governments, in coordination with the rel24 evant regional Assistant Secretary or Assistant Secre25 taries of the Department of State. 


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1 (c) REVISION OF ACTIVITIES FOR WHICH AMOUNTS

2 MAY BE USED.—The Secretary of State may modify a goal 

3 described in subsection (b) if, not later than 15 days before 

4 revising such goal, the Secretary notifies the appropriate 

5 congressional committees of the revision. 

6 (d) IMPLEMENTATION.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall, 

8 acting through the Coordinator of United States As9 sistance to Europe and Eurasia (authorized pursuant 

10 to section 601 of the Support for East European De11 mocracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5461) and 

12 section 102 of the Freedom for Russia and Emerging 

13 Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support 

14 Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 5812)), and in consultation 

15 with the Administrator for the United States Agency 

16 for International Development, the Director of the 

17 Global Engagement Center of the Department of 

18 State, the Secretary of Defense, the Commander of 

19 United States European Command, the Chief Execu20 tive Officer of the United States Agency for Global 

21 Media, and the heads of other relevant Federal agen22 cies, coordinate and carry out activities to achieve the 

23 goals described in subsection (b). 


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1 (2) METHOD.—Activities to achieve the goals de2 scribed in subsection (b) shall be carried out 

3 through— 

4 (A) initiatives of the United States Govern5 ment; 

6 (B) Federal grant programs such as the In7 formation Access Fund; 

8 (C) nongovernmental or international orga9 nizations; or 

10 (D) support exchanges with countries facing 

11 state-sponsored disinformation and pressure 

12 campaigns, particularly in Europe and Eurasia, 

13 provided that a portion of the funds are made 

14 available through a process whereby the Bureau 

15 of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the De16 partment of State solicits proposals from posts 

17 located in affected countries to counter state18 sponsored disinformation and hybrid threats, 

19 promote democracy, and support exchanges with 

20 countries facing state-sponsored disinformation 

21 and pressure campaigns. 

22 (3) REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION.— 

23 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than April 1 of 

24 each year, the Secretary of State, acting through 

25 the Coordinator of United States Assistance to 


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1 Europe and Eurasia, shall submit to the appro2 priate congressional committees a report on the 

3 programs and activities carried out to achieve 

4 the goals described in subsection (b) during the 

5 preceding fiscal year. 

6 (B) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by 

7 subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to 

8 each program or activity described in that sub9 paragraph— 

10 (i) the amount of funding for the pro11 gram or activity; 

12 (ii) the goal described in subsection (b) 

13 to which the program or activity relates; 

14 and 

15 (iii) an assessment of whether or not 

16 the goal was met. 

17 (e) COORDINATION WITH GLOBAL PARTNERS.— 

18 (1) IN GENERAL.—In order to maximize impact, 

19 eliminate duplication, and speed the achievement of 

20 the goals described in subsection (b), the Secretary of 

21 State shall ensure coordination with— 

22 (A) the European Union and its institu23 tions; 


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1 (B) the governments of countries that are 

2 members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza3 tion or the European Union; and 

4 (C) international organizations and quasi5 governmental funding entities that carry out 

6 programs and activities that seek to accomplish 

7 the goals described in subsection (b). 

8 (f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section 

9 shall be construed to apply to or limit United States foreign 

10 assistance not provided using amounts available in the 

11 Countering Russian Influence Fund. 

12 (g) EXPANSION OF PILOT PROGRAM.— 

13 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall 

14 expand the pilot program required under section 

15 254(g) of the Countering America’s Adversaries 

16 Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9543(g)) to hire 

17 additional personnel within the Bureau for Democ18 racy, Human Rights, and Labor to develop and im19 plement programs focused on combating corruption, 

20 improving rule of law, and building capacity of civil 

21 society, political parties, and independent media. 

22 (2) REPORT ON ENSURING ADEQUATE STAFFING

23 FOR GOVERNANCE ACTIVITIES.—Not later than 90 

24 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

25 Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee on 


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1 Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropria2 tions of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Af3 fairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the 

4 House of Representatives a report on implementation 

5 of the pilot program required under section 254(g) of 

6 the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and 

7 Eurasia Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9543(g)). 

8 (h) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE9 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres10 sional committees’’ means— 

11 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

12 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, 

13 and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and 

14 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Com15 mittee on Financial Services, and the Committee on 

16 Ways and Means of the House of Representatives. 

17 SEC. 706. COORDINATING AID AND ASSISTANCE ACROSS 

18 EUROPE AND EURASIA. 

19 It is the sense of Congress that— 

20 (1) the Government of the Russian Federation 

21 has applied, and continues to apply traditional uses 

22 of force, intelligence operations, cyber attacks, and in23 fluence campaigns, including through the use of cor24 ruption, disinformation, and cultural and social inVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:06 Dec 19, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00222 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S482.RS S482

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1 fluence, which represent clear and present threats to 

2 the countries of Europe and Eurasia; 

3 (2) in response, governments in Europe and 

4 Eurasia should redouble efforts to build resilience 

5 within their institutions, political systems, and civil 

6 societies; 

7 (3) the United States Government supports the 

8 democratic and rule of law-based institutions that the 

9 Government of the Russian Federation seeks to under10 mine, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza11 tion, the Organization for Security and Cooperation 

12 in Europe, and the European Union; 

13 (4) the United States Government should con14 tinue to work with and strengthen such institutions, 

15 including the European Union, as a partner against 

16 aggression by the Government of the Russian Federa17 tion through the coordination of aid programs, devel18 opment assistance, and other efforts to counter malign 

19 Russian influence; 

20 (5) the United States Government should con21 tinue to work with the individual countries of Europe 

22 and Eurasia to bolster efforts to counter malign Rus23 sian influence in all its forms; and 

24 (6) the United States Government should in25 crease assistance and diplomatic efforts in Europe, 


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1 including in European Union and NATO countries, 

2 to address threats to fundamental human rights and 

3 backsliding in rule of law protections, operating space 

4 for independent media and civil society, and other 

5 democratic institutions, whose strength is critical to 

6 defending against malign Russian influence over the 

7 long term. 

8 SEC. 707. ADDRESSING ABUSE AND MISUSE BY THE RUS9 SIAN FEDERATION OF INTERPOL RED NO10 TICES AND RED DIFFUSIONS. 

11 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings: 

12 (1) The International Criminal Police Organiza13 tion (commonly known as ‘‘INTERPOL’’) works to 

14 prevent and fight crime through enhanced cooperation 

15 and innovation on police and security matters, in16 cluding counterterrorism, cybercrime, counter17 narcotics, and transnational organized crime. 

18 (2) United States membership and participation 

19 in INTERPOL advances the national security and 

20 law enforcement interests of the United States related 

21 to combatting counterterrorism, cybercrime, counter22 narcotics, and combatting transnational organized 

23 crime. 

24 (3) Article 2 of INTERPOL’s Constitution states 

25 that the organization aims ‘‘[t]o ensure and promote 


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1 the widest possible mutual assistance between all 

2 criminal police authorities [. . .] in the spirit of the 

3 ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ ’’. 

4 (4) Article 3 of INTERPOL’s Constitution states 

5 that, ‘‘[i]t is strictly forbidden for the Organization 

6 to undertake any intervention or activities of a polit7 ical, military, religious or racial character.’’. 

8 (5) Independent international nongovernmental 

9 organizations have documented how several 

10 INTERPOL member countries, including the Govern11 ment of the Russian Federation and others, have used 

12 INTERPOL’s processes, including the red notice and 

13 red diffusion mechanisms, for activities of a political 

14 character. 

15 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 

16 that the Government of the Russian Federation and the gov17 ernments of certain other countries have repeatedly abused 

18 and misused INTERPOL’s red notice and red diffusion 

19 mechanisms for overtly political purposes and activities 

20 such as harassing or persecuting political opponents, 

21 human rights defenders, or journalists. 

22 (c) CENSURE OF ABUSIVE ACTIVITY AND INSTITU23 TIONAL REFORMS.—The Attorney General, in coordination 

24 with the Secretary of State, shall use the voice, vote, and 

25 influence of the United States at INTERPOL— 


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1 (1) to inform the INTERPOL General Secre2 tariat about cases in which countries are misusing its 

3 systems for activities of a political character or other 

4 purposes contrary to INTERPOL’s Constitution, so 

5 that appropriate measures may be taken by 

6 INTERPOL; 

7 (2) to advance institutional reforms at 

8 INTERPOL, including in the General Secretariat, 

9 the Commission for the Control of Files, and the No10 tices and Diffusions Task Force within the General 

11 Secretariat, to prevent member countries from abus12 ing and misusing INTERPOL’s red notice and diffu13 sion mechanisms; 

14 (3) to increase, to the extent practicable, dedi15 cated funding to the Commission for the Control of 

16 Files and the Notices and Diffusions Task Force in 

17 order to further expand operations related to the re18 view of requests for red notices and red diffusions; 

19 and 

20 (4) to censure member countries that repeatedly 

21 abuse and misuse INTERPOL’s red notice and red 

22 diffusion mechanisms, including restricting the access 

23 of those countries to INTERPOL’s data and informa24 tion systems. 


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1 (d) REPORT ON UNITED STATES SUPPORT FOR

2 INTERPOL REFORMS.— 

3 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 

4 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 

5 State, in consultation with the Attorney General, 

6 shall submit to the appropriate congressional commit7 tees an unclassified report on United States support 

8 for institutional reforms at INTERPOL that are nec9 essary to address abuse and misuse of INTERPOL’s 

10 red notice and red diffusion mechanisms. 

11 (2) ELEMENTS.—The report required by para12 graph (1) shall include— 

13 (A) to the extent feasible, a description of 

14 United States support for reforms that increase 

15 INTERPOL’s transparency with respect to— 

16 (i) the number of red notices and red 

17 diffusions requested by each member coun18 try; 

19 (ii) the number or proportion of re20 quests for red notice or red diffusions re21 jected by INTERPOL, following internal re22 view, for each member country; 

23 (iii) how INTERPOL’s General Secre24 tariat identifies requests for red notice or 

25 red diffusions that are politically motivated 


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1 or are otherwise in violation of 

2 INTERPOL’s rules; and 

3 (iv) how INTERPOL reviews and ad4 dresses cases in which a member country 

5 has abused or misused the red notice and 

6 red diffusion mechanisms for overtly polit7 ical purposes; and 

8 (B) a list of countries that the Secretary de9 termines have repeatedly abused and misused the 

10 red notice and red diffusion mechanisms for po11 litical purposes. 

12 (3) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The report required 

13 by paragraph (1) shall be posted on a publicly avail14 able interest website of the Department of State and 

15 of the Department of Justice. 

16 (e) PROHIBITION AGAINST ACTION ON ABUSIVE RED

17 NOTICES AND RED DIFFUSIONS.—An official of the United 

18 States may not take any action against a person based sole19 ly on the issuance of an INTERPOL red notice or red diffu20 sion issued by a country identified on the list required by 

21 paragraph (2)(B) unless the Secretary, in consultation with 

22 the Attorney General, determines and certifies to the appro23 priate congressional committees that the red notice or red 

24 diffusion was not issued for political purposes. 


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1 (f) BRIEFING ON RESOURCES FOR INTERPOL WASH2 INGTON.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact3 ment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with 

4 the Secretary of State, shall brief the appropriate congres5 sional committees on— 

6 (1) recommendations with respect to— 

7 (A) the appropriate number of employees of 

8 the United States at the United States National 

9 Central Bureau and detailed to INTERPOL, in10 cluding the Office of Legislative Affairs, the No11 tices and Diffusion Task Force, the Commission 

12 for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files, the Execu13 tive Committee of INTERPOL, and other key 

14 positions at the headquarters of INTERPOL in 

15 Lyon, France, or other offices of INTERPOL; 

16 and 

17 (B) improving technological innovations, 

18 including case management or other systems, of 

19 the United States National Central Bureau; and 

20 (2) an estimate of the funding required to sup21 port those recommendations. 

22 (g) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE23 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres24 sional committees’’ means— 


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1 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 

2 Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and 

3 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 

4 Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep5 resentatives. 

6 SEC. 708. REPORT ON ACCOUNTABILITY FOR WAR CRIMES 

7 AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY BY THE 

8 RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN SYRIA. 

9 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings: 

10 (1) In March 2016, Amnesty International 

11 issued a report stating, ‘‘Syrian and Russian forces 

12 have been deliberately attacking health facilities in 

13 flagrant violation of international humanitarian law. 

14 But what is truly egregious is that wiping out hos15 pitals appears to have become part of their military 

16 strategy.’’. 

17 (2) On September 21, 2017, Department of State 

18 Spokesperson Heather Nauert said, ‘‘The United 

19 States is concerned by reports of airstrikes in Idlib 

20 province and northern Hama province on September 

21 19 and 20 that killed at least three medical personnel 

22 and damaged a number of medical facilities, emer23 gency equipment, and civil defense centers. These at24 tacks fit an all-too-familiar pattern in which medical 

25 facilities and personnel—and the civilians they 


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1 serve—are victims of strikes by the Syrian regime 

2 and its Russian allies.’’. 

3 (3) In February 2018, Syrian and Russian air4 strikes in rebel-held areas killed 230 civilians and hit 

5 at least 9 medical facilities. In a statement on Feb6 ruary 10, 2018, the office of Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein, 

7 the United Nations High Commissioner for Human 

8 Rights, said the airstrikes ‘‘may, depending on the 

9 circumstances, all constitute war crimes’’. 

10 (4) On March 6, 2018, the United Nations Inde11 pendent International Commission of Inquiry on the 

12 Syrian Arab Republic noted, ‘‘[I]n one particularly 

13 harmful attack on 13 November, the Russian Air 

14 Force carried out airstrikes on a densely populated 

15 civilian area in Atareb (Aleppo), killing at least 84 

16 people and injuring another 150. Using unguided 

17 weapons, the attack struck a market, police station, 

18 shops, and a restaurant, and may amount to a war 

19 crime.’’. 

20 (b) REPORT REQUIRED.—The Secretary of State shall 

21 submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 

22 on alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity attrib23 utable to the Government of the Russian Federation or 

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1 tion of that Government during the operations of that Gov2 ernment in Syria— 

3 (1) not later than 60 days after the date of the 

4 enactment of this Act; and 

5 (2) not later than 180 days after the date on 

6 which the Secretary of State determines that the vio7 lence in Syria has ceased. 

8 (c) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by subsection 

9 (b) shall include the following: 

10 (1) A description of alleged war crimes and 

11 crimes against humanity described in subsection (b), 

12 including— 

13 (A) any such alleged crimes that may vio14 late the principle of medical neutrality and, if 

15 possible, an identification of the individual or 

16 individuals who engaged in or organized such 

17 crimes; and 

18 (B) if possible, a description of the conven19 tional and unconventional weapons used for such 

20 alleged crimes and the origins of such weapons. 

21 (2) An assessment of whether such alleged crimes 

22 constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity, 

23 including genocide. 

24 (3) A description and assessment by the Office of 

25 Global Criminal Justice of the Department of State, 


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1 the United States Agency for International Develop2 ment, the Department of Justice, and other appro3 priate Federal agencies, of programs that the United 

4 States Government has undertaken to ensure account5 ability for such alleged crimes, including programs— 

6 (A) to train investigators within and out7 side of Syria on how to document, investigate, 

8 develop findings with respect to, and identify 

9 and locate alleged perpetrators of, such alleged 

10 crimes, including— 

11 (i) the number of United States Gov12 ernment or contractor personnel currently 

13 designated to work full-time on such train14 ing; and 

15 (ii) an identification of the authorities 

16 and appropriations being used to support 

17 such training; and 

18 (B) to document, collect, preserve, and pro19 tect evidence of such alleged crimes, including 

20 support for Syrian, foreign, and international 

21 nongovernmental organizations, and other enti22 ties, including the International, Impartial and 

23 Independent Mechanism to Assist in the Inves24 tigation and Prosecution of Persons Responsible 

25 for the Most Serious Crimes under International 


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1 Law Committed in the Syrian Arab Republic 

2 since March 2011 and the Independent Inter3 national Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian 

4 Arab Republic of the United Nations. 

5 (d) PROTECTION OF WITNESSES AND EVIDENCE.—In 

6 preparing the report required by subsection (b), the Sec7 retary shall take due care to ensure that the identities of 

8 witnesses and physical evidence are not publicly disclosed 

9 in a manner that might place such witnesses at risk of harm 

10 or encourage the destruction of such evidence by the Govern11 ment of the Russian Federation or the Government of 

12 Syria, violent extremist groups, anti-government forces, or 

13 any other combatants or participants in the conflict in 

14 Syria. 

15 (e) FORM.—Each report required by subsection (b) 

16 may be submitted in unclassified or classified form, but 

17 shall include a publicly available annex. 

18 (f) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE19 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres20 sional committees’’ means— 

21 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

22 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, 

23 and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and 


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1 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Com2 mittee on Financial Services, and the Committee on 

3 Ways and Means of the House of Representatives. 

4 SEC. 709. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FED5 ERATION IN SYRIA. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 

7 date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National 

8 Intelligence, in coordination with the Secretary of State 

9 and the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appro10 priate congressional committees and leadership a report 

11 that includes— 

12 (1) an assessment of the willingness and capac13 ity of the Government of the Russian Federation to 

14 ensure the removal of Iranian forces, Iran-aligned 

15 and Iran-directed militias and paramilitaries, and 

16 other armed groups responsive to the direction of 

17 Iran, from the territory of Syria; 

18 (2) a list of policies, actions, or activities that 

19 the Government of the Russian Federation would take 

20 if that Government were willing to ensure the removal 

21 of the forces, militias, paramilitaries, and other 

22 armed groups described in paragraph (1) from the 

23 territory of Syria; 

24 (3) a list of policies, actions, or activities that 

25 the Government of the Russian Federation would take 


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1 to ensure the removal of the forces, militias, 

2 paramilitaries, and other armed groups described in 

3 paragraph (1) from the territory of Syria if that Gov4 ernment were capable of doing so; 

5 (4) an assessment of whether any of the policies, 

6 actions, or activities described in paragraph (2) or 

7 (3) are being taken by the Government of the Russian 

8 Federation; 

9 (5) an assessment of the specific commitments 

10 made by officials of the Government of the Russian 

11 Federation to officials of the Government of Israel 

12 with respect to the Golan Heights and the presence of 

13 the forces, militias, paramilitaries, and other armed 

14 groups described in paragraph (1) in the territory of 

15 Syria; 

16 (6) an assessment of weapons, technologies, and 

17 knowledge directly or indirectly transferred by the 

18 Government of the Russian Federation to the regime 

19 of Bashar al-Assad, Lebanese Hezbollah, Iran, or 

20 Iran-aligned forces in Syria that threaten the security 

21 and qualitative military edge of Israel; and 

22 (7) an assessment of whether the presence of Rus23 sian forces and Russian contractors in Syria limits 

24 the options of the Government of Israel in taking 


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1 steps to ensure its security from threats emanating 

2 from the territory of Syria. 

3 (b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) shall 

4 be submitted in an unclassified form but may include a 

5 classified annex. 

6 (c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES AND

7 LEADERSHIP DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appro8 priate congressional committees and leadership’’ means— 

9 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

10 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, 

11 and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; 

12 and 

13 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Com14 mittee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways 

15 and Means, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and 

16 the minority leader of the House of Representatives. 

17 SEC. 710. REPORT ON THE ASSASSINATION OF BORIS 

18 NEMTSOV. 

19 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 

20 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 

21 in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence, 

22 shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 

23 and leadership a report detailing the circumstances of the 

24 assassination on February 27, 2015, of Russian opposition 

25 leader Boris Nemtsov, including— 


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1 (1) a list of the individuals the Secretary deter2 mines to have been involved in the assassination as 

3 perpetrators or as having organized or directed the 

4 assassination; 

5 (2) a description of what measures, if any, have 

6 been taken by the Government of the Russian Federa7 tion to investigate the assassination and bring the in8 dividuals described in paragraph (1) to justice; and 

9 (3) an assessment of the effectiveness of those 

10 measures. 

11 (b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) shall 

12 be submitted in an unclassified form but may include a 

13 classified annex. 

14 (c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES AND

15 LEADERSHIP DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appro16 priate congressional committees and leadership’’ means— 

17 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

18 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, 

19 the Committee on Finance, and the majority and mi20 nority leaders of the Senate; and 

21 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Com22 mittee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways 

23 and Means, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and 

24 the minority leader of the House of Representatives. 


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1 SEC. 711. REPORT ON THE PERSONAL NET WORTH AND AS2 SETS OF VLADIMIR PUTIN. 

3 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 

4 date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National 

5 Intelligence shall submit to the appropriate congressional 

6 committees a detailed report on the personal net worth and 

7 assets of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir 

8 Putin, including— 

9 (1) the estimated net worth and known sources 

10 of income of Vladimir Putin and his family members, 

11 including assets, investments, bank accounts, other 

12 business interests, and relevant beneficial ownership 

13 information; and 

14 (2) an identification of the most significant sen15 ior foreign political figures and oligarchs in the Rus16 sian Federation, as determined by their closeness to 

17 Vladimir Putin. 

18 (b) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required under 

19 subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form 

20 but may include a classified annex. 

21 (c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE22 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres23 sional committees’’ means— 

24 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 

25 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, 

26 and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and 


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1 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Com2 mittee on Financial Services, and the Committee on 

3 Ways and Means of the House of Representatives. 

4 SEC. 712. REPORT ON THE THREAT POSED BY RUSSIAN NA5 TIONAL YEVGENIY PRIGOZHIN AND HIS AF6 FILIATED STRUCTURES TO UNITED STATES 

7 NATIONAL SECURITY. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 

9 date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National 

10 Intelligence, in coordination with the Secretary of State 

11 and the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appro12 priate congressional committees a report assessing the 

13 threat posed to the national security of the United States 

14 by Russian national Yevgeniy Prigozhin and his affiliated 

15 structures, including— 

16 (1) an assessment of the activities by the Wagner 

17 Group and other mercenary organizations affiliated 

18 with Russian national Yevgeniy Prigozhin in the 

19 Central African Republic, Venezuela, Syria, Libya, 

20 Sudan, Madagascar, and other countries, and the 

21 threat those activities may pose to the national inter22 ests and national security of the United States; 

23 (2) an assessment of the nature of the relation24 ship between the Wagner Group and other organiza25 tions affiliated with Yevgeniy Prigozhin and the miliVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:06 Dec 19, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00240 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S482.RS S482

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1 tary and the Government of the Russian Federation; 

2 and 

3 (3) an assessment of the role of the Wagner 

4 Group and other organizations affiliated with Rus5 sian national Yevgeniy Prigozhin in the murder of 

6 Russian journalists Orkhan Dzhemal, Alexander 

7 Rastorguyev, and Kirill Radchenko in the Central Af8 rican Republic on July 31, 2018. 

9 (b) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE10 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres11 sional committees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Rela12 tions of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 

13 of the House of Representatives. 

14 SEC. 713. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON VIOLATIONS OF LGBTI 

15 HUMAN RIGHTS. 

16 It is the policy of the United States that— 

17 (1) the United States strongly condemns human 

18 rights violations against the LGBTI community in 

19 Chechnya, including extrajudicial killings, abduc20 tions, torture, and other violations of internationally 

21 recognized human rights; and 

22 (2) the United States calls on the Russian Fed23 eration to fully investigate human rights violations 

24 against the LGBTI community, hold perpetrators acVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:06 Dec 19, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00241 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S482.RS S482

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1 countable, protect victims, and stop persecuting activ2 ists who assist victims. 

3 SEC. 714. ADDRESSING OBSTRUCTION BY THE RUSSIAN 

4 FEDERATION OF MULTILATERAL ACTION 

5 THROUGH THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY 

6 COUNCIL. 

7 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) The Russian Federation routinely uses its 

9 veto power and influence at the United Nations Secu10 rity Council to obstruct multilateral action on global 

11 challenges, undermining the security of the United 

12 States and countries around the world. 

13 (2) The Russian Federation has vetoed more 

14 than a dozen United Nations Security Council resolu15 tions dealing with Syria since the beginning of the 

16 conflict in Syria in 2011, including resolutions deal17 ing with the use of chemical weapons, the humani18 tarian situation in Syria, and violations of human 

19 rights. 

20 (3) In recent years, the Russian Federation has 

21 blocked United Nations Security Council action re22 lated to numerous security challenges, including those 

23 in Ukraine, Yemen, and Venezuela. 

24 (4) The Russian Federation continues to impede 

25 efforts by the United Nations Security Council to enVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:06 Dec 19, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00242 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S482.RS S482

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1 force sanctions with respect to North Korea, including 

2 sanctions relating to North Korean laborers and ex3 ports of petroleum products. 

4 (b) REPORT REQUIRED.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 

6 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 

7 State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Rela8 tions of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Af9 fairs of the House of Representatives an unclassified 

10 report on Russian obstruction of multilateral action 

11 in the United Nations Security Council. 

12 (2) ELEMENTS.—The report required by para13 graph (1) shall describe— 

14 (A) actions by the Russian Federation to 

15 block multilateral action through the United Na16 tions Security Council counter to the policies of 

17 the United States; 

18 (B) the benefits and disadvantages to 

19 United States national security priorities of ex20 panded United Nations Security Council mem21 bership of both permanent and rotating mem22 bers; 

23 (C) the position of the United States on 

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1 posals presented by other United Nations mem2 bers and nongovernmental actors; and 

3 (D) diplomatic means to respond to obstruc4 tion by the Russian Federation of multilateral 

5 action through the United Nations Security 

6 Council. 

7 SEC. 715. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON RESPONSIBILITY OF 

8 TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES FOR STATE-SPON9 SORED DISINFORMATION. 

10 It is the sense of Congress that technology companies, 

11 particularly social media companies, share responsibility 

12 for ensuring that their platforms are free of disinformation 

13 sponsored by the Government of the Russian Federation 

14 and other foreign governments. 

15 SEC. 716. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON POLITICAL PRISONERS 

16 IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 

17 It is the sense of Congress that— 

18 (1) the Government of the United States con19 demns the deliberate targeting and detention of polit20 ical prisoners within the Russian Federation, includ21 ing— 

22 (A) peaceful protesters; 

23 (B) civil society activists; 

24 (C) human rights advocates; 

25 (D) journalists; 


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1 (E) Crimean Tatars; 

2 (F) members of a political organization 

3 considered ‘‘undesirable’’ in the Russian Federa4 tion; and 

5 (G) adherents of a religious group prohib6 ited by the Russian Federation; and 

7 (2) the President should seek to impose targeted 

8 sanctions on government officials of the Russian Fed9 eration responsible for human rights abuses under ex10 isting authorities, including the Sergei Magnitsky 

11 Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012 (title IV of 

12 Public Law 112–208; 22 U.S.C. 5811 note) and the 

13 Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act 

14 (subtitle F of title XII of Public Law 114–328; 22 

15 U.S.C. 2656 note). 

16 SEC. 717. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON POLICY WITH RESPECT 

17 TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN AFRICA. 

18 It is the sense of Congress that— 

19 (1) Russian President Vladimir Putin seeks to 

20 increase the influence of the Russian Federation in 

21 Africa to— 

22 (A) project power and strategic influence in 

23 the international arena by taking advantage of 

24 African countries, including some that are ecoVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:06 Dec 19, 2019 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00245 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S482.RS S482

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1 nomically and politically vulnerable, in an op2 portunistic and exploitative manner; 

3 (B) increase access by the Russian Federa4 tion to natural resources and raw materials 

5 without respect for international anti-corruption 

6 and transparency best practices; and 

7 (C) expand the market for goods and serv8 ices from the Russian Federation, especially 

9 arms, oil, gas, and nuclear energy; 

10 (2) President Putin recently convened delegates 

11 from 45 African countries, including 43 heads of state 

12 in Sochi, Russian Federation, at the first Russia-Af13 rica Forum on October 23 and 24, 2019; 

14 (3) during the Russia-Africa Forum, 13 African 

15 leaders held bilateral meetings with President Putin; 

16 (4) President Putin announced that the Russian 

17 Federation had signed ‘‘more than 30 military tac18 tical cooperation agreements’’ including for a ‘‘large 

19 array of weaponry and hardware’’ by the conclusion 

20 of the Russia-Africa Forum; 

21 (5) the Russia-Africa Forum resulted in a re22 ported $12,500,000,000 in business deals, largely in 

23 arms, and President Putin announced a 

24 $40,000,000,000 goal for trade with Africa; 


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1 (6) from 2006 to 2018, total trade by the Rus2 sian Federation with sub-Saharan Africa reportedly 

3 increased by 336 percent; 

4 (7) the Russian Federation is the largest arms 

5 exporter to the African continent, accounting for 49 

6 percent of the total estimated value of arms exports to 

7 North Africa (mostly to Algeria), and 28 percent to 

8 sub-Saharan Africa in the period from 2014 through 

9 2018; 

10 (8) as it did in the 2016 United States election, 

11 the Russian Federation has interfered in a number of 

12 recent African elections to further its national eco13 nomic and political interests; 

14 (9) activities by the Russian Federation in Afri15 ca include— 

16 (A) meddling in democratic electoral proc17 esses; 

18 (B) offering low or no cost financing to im19 poverished countries in exchange for lucrative 

20 natural resource contracts for firms controlled by 

21 Russian state-backed oligarchs; 

22 (C) supplying arms and munitions to gov23 ernments with autocratic leanings as well as oc24 casionally to rebel leaders; and 


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1 (D) installing military and, in some in2 stances, political advisors in key decision-making 

3 circles; 

4 (10) Yevgeniy Prigozhin, a close associate of 

5 President Putin, the Wagner Group, and other enti6 ties affiliated with Yevgeniy Prigozhin are frequently 

7 at the center of election interference efforts by the 

8 Russian Federation and are often beneficiaries of as9 sociated natural resource contracts; 

10 (11) in Madagascar, after meeting with the in11 cumbent President of the country, President Putin re12 portedly authorized an electoral disinformation cam13 paign on social media and bolstered multiple spoiler 

14 presidential candidates in exchange for lucrative min15 ing concessions for a company controlled by Yevgeniy 

16 Prigozhin; 

17 (12) in Guinea, the Russian Federation is sup18 porting the attempt by President Alpha Conde ́ to 

19 overturn the Constitution of Guinea and serve a third 

20 5-year term, likely to preserve access to Guinean 

21 bauxite for the top aluminum company in the Rus22 sian Federation, Rusal; 

23 (13) in the Central African Republic, President 

24 Faustin-Archange Touade ́ra appointed a former Rus25 sian intelligence official as his security advisor and 


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1 Moscow deployed soldiers and private military con2 tractors to train Central African soldiers, reportedly 

3 in exchange for diamond and gold mining access for 

4 entities affiliated with Yevgeniy Prigozhin; 

5 (14) in Libya, President Putin has reportedly 

6 disregarded the United Nations arms embargo with 

7 respect to that country and sent arms and merce8 naries to bolster rebel General Khalifa Haftar, calcu9 lating that control by General Haftar of the oil rich 

10 regions of Libya would be in the economic best inter11 ests of the Russian Federation; 

12 (15) in Sudan, interventions by the Russian 

13 Federation range from arming the regime of former 

14 President Omar al Bashir, to blocking United Na15 tions Security Council sanctions designations linked 

16 to the Darfur conflict, to facilitating violent efforts to 

17 suppress opposition protests in early 2019 as the Rus18 sian Federation sought to preserve its mining and en19 ergy contracts and gain strategic access to the Red 

20 Sea; and 

21 (16) in Zimbabwe, the Russian Federation 

22 courted President Emmerson Mnangagwa when he 

23 went to Moscow seeking loans to alleviate an economic 

24 crisis, with opportunities for the Russian Federation 


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1 to invest in oil and gas, diamond, and platinum con2 cessions from Zimbabwe as the likely draw. 


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Calendar No. 389 

116TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 482 

A BILL 

To strengthen the North Atlantic Treaty OrganizaRussian Federation, and for other purposes. impose additional sanctions with respect to the tion, to combat international cybercrime, and to 

DECEMBER 18, 2019 

Reported with an amendment 


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