Regi try No. 621- 05 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

' 

FOR THE 

SHOE AND LEATHER 

FINISH, POLISH, AND CEMENT 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

AS APPROVED ON DECEM BER 30, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

I I • • .. -

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WE 00 OUR PAR't 

; 

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1. Executive Order 

2. Letter of Transmittal 

3. Code 

U ITED ST A TES 

GOVER TME T PRI TI G OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1934 

F or sale by the Superintendent of Documen ts, Wns hl.ngton, D .. - . - - - - - - Price 5 cent9 
This publication is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government 

Printing Office, Washington, D.C., and by district offices of the Bureau of Foreign 

and Domestic Commerce. 

DISTRICT OFFICES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Atlanta, Ga. : 50-.1 Post Office Building. 

Birmingham, Ala.: 257 Federal Building. 

Boston, l\Iass. : 1801 Customhouse. Buffalo, r_y _: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Charleston, S.O.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Chicago, Ill.: Suite 170G, 201 North Wells Street. 

Cleveland, Ohio : Chamber of Commerce. Dallas, Te:s:.: llamber of Commerce Building. Detroit, l\'.Iich.: 2213 First National Bank Building. 

Houston, Tex. : Chamber of ommerce Building. 

Indianapolis, Ind. : hamber of Commerce Buihling. Jacksonville, Fla.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Kansas City, l\lo. : 1028 Baltimore Avenue. Los Angeles, Calif.: 1163 South Broadway. 

Louisville, Ky. : 408 Federal Building. 

Memphis, Tenn. : 229 Federal Building. Minneapolis, l\1inn.: 213 Federal Building. New Orleans, La.: Room 225-A, Customhouse. New York, N.Y.: 734 Customhouse. Norfolk, Va.: 406 East Plume Street. 

Philadelphia, Pa. : 933 Commercial Trust Building. 

Pittsburgh, Pa. : Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Portland, Oreg. : 215 New Post Office Building. 

St. Louis, l\lo.: 506 OliYe Street. 

San Francisco, Calif.: 310 Customhouse. Seattle, Wash. : 809 Federal Building. 
Approved Code No. 184 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

SHOE AND LEATHER FINISH, POLISH, AND 

CEMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

As Approved on December 30, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

Executive Order 

An application having been duly made, pursuant to and in full 

complian e with the provision of Title I of the ational In lu trial 

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, £or my approval of a Code of 

Fair ompetition for the Shoe and Leather Fini h, Poli h, and 

en nt Manufa turing Industry, and hearings having been held 

th reon an l the Admini trator having rendered his report containino- an analysis of the said Code of F air Competition together with 

hi re ommendations and findings with respect thereto, and the 

clmini trator having found that the said ode of Fair ompetition 

omplie in all re pects with the pertinent provi ions of Title I of 

sai l t and that the requirement of clau es (1) and (2) 0£ , ube tion (a) of tion 3 of the ail A t have been m t: T W T IEREFORE, I , Franklin D. Roo velt Pr ·iclent of 

the nited tat . , I ur ·uant to the authority ve t cl in me by Titl I 

of th ... ational Inclu trial Re ov ry A t, approved June lG 1933, 

and otherwi e do a 1 pt an 1 approv th r I ort r omm n lations, 

an 1 finding. f th lminj trator an 1 do or ler that th ai 1 le 

of 1 < fr mp titi n b an 1 it i. h r by ap1 rov cl. 

FR\. KLL. D. R O 1 VI~LT. 

1 1 roval re mm n 1 1 : 

H ll ~ . J IL ' .. 

.,. dmini,·trator. 

T1rn "'\V HITE H • E 

D c 1Ji uer JO JDJ3. 

20540°-20 ~00-34 (4 ~) 
The PRESIDENT, 

DECEMBER 26, 1933. 

The White House. 

Sm: This is a report on the Code of Fair Competition for the 

Shoe and Leather Finish, Polish, and Cement Manufacturing Industry, a hearing on which was conducted in accordance with the provisions of the National Industrial Recovery Act. The hearing was 

held in the \i\Tillard Room of the Hotel Willard in Washington on 

November 28, 1933. 

PROVISIONS OF THE CODE AS TO Vv AGES AND Houns 

Except as herein otherwise provided, this Code specifies that no 

employee shall be permitted to work in excess of forty ( 40) hours 

.in any one week or eight (8) hours in any twenty-four (24) hour 

period beginning at midnight, provided, however, that for a total 

period of twelve (12) weeks in any calendar year, to take care of 

~easonal requirements, employees may be perm.itted to work forty-

'eight ( 48) hours in any calendar week, but not to exceed an average 

'of forty (40) hours per week during the entire year. Any factory 

employee who works in excess of forty (40) hours per week or 

eight (8) hours per day shall be paid time and one third for such 

overtime. 

From the above provisions the following classes are exempted: 

Employees engaged in managerial, supervisory, executive, or technical capacity, or professional employees engaged in a professional 

capacity, who receive thirty-five dollars ($35.00) or more per week 

and outside salesmen ; engineers, firemen, oilers, electricians, and 

cleaners who may not work over forty-four ( 44) hours weekly except 

by payment at the rate of time and one third for tin1e in excess 

thereof; accounting, clerical, office, store, shipping, service, and inside sales employees, who shall not be permitted to work in excess 

of an average of forty ( 40) hours per week in any three months' 

period or in excess of forty-eight ( 48) hours in any calendar week; 

employees on automotive or horse-drawn passenger, express, delivery, 

or freight service, who shall not be permitted to work in excess of 

an average of forty-four (44) hours per week in any three months' 

period or in excess of forty-eight ( 48) hours in any calendar week; 

employees on emergency, maintenance, and repair work, watchmen 

and highly skilled workers in continuous processes where restriction of hours would unavoidably reduce production, except that 

watchmen shall have at least one full day off in each two weeks' 

period. 

This Code provides for a minimum wage of thirty-seven an l one 

half cents (371⁄2¢) per hour for male employees in the Shoe Poli h 

Division of the Industry and thirty-two and one half cents (321⁄2¢) 

per hour for female employees. 

(486) 
487 

In the Shoe and Leather Finish and Cement Division the munmum 

wage for n1.ale employees is forty cents ( 40¢) per hour and for 

female employees, thirty-five cents (35¢) per hour. 

Pro"Vision is made where female employees perform substantially 

the same work as male employees, that they shall receive the same 

rate of pay. 

The Code provides that a minimum rate of pay shall apply irrespecfr,c of whether an employee is actually compensated on a 

time rate, piecework, or other basis. he Code further provides that no person under sixteen (16) 

years of age shall be employed in the Industry. 

ECONOMIC EFFECT OF THE CODE 

The Code was presented by the Association of :Manufacturers 

of Shoe and Leather Finishes and Cements for the manufacturers 

of shoe and leather finishes and cements, said to represent about 

6.8% of the sales volume of this Division of the Industry, and the 

hoe Polish Institute and a group of nonmembers of the Institute, 

for tlfe Shoe Polish Division, which, combined, are said to repreent more than 80% of the sales volume of this Division of the Industry. The presentation of the Code by the two Divisions inclicated, was based upon the industrial groups existing in the trade. 

The Shoe Polish Division comprises those manufacturers engaged in the manufacturing, for shoes and leathers, of shoe polishers, pastes, blackings, dre~sings, cleaners, clyes, and any other 

imilar chemical products for use on shoes but not including manu- facturers who sell in bulk to tanners, shoe manufacturers, welting 

manufacturers, and fabrica tors of leather. 

This Division of the Industry includes, approximately, 150 con. cerns at the present time. The data available indicates that this number has remained unchanged since 1928. The aggregate capital 

investment for 1933 is estimated to be $13,000,000. Aggreiate sales 

for 1933 are estimated as $15,000,000, or a decrease of :))5,000,000 

ince 1928 . The Inclustrv employs, at present., approximately 1-400 
488 

To meet the requirements of the two Divisions of the Industry and 

to facilitate the administration of the provisions of the Code, separate Divisional Planning and Fair Practice Agencies are provided 

to administer those provisions relating exclusively to each Division. 

The appointment by the Administrator of members of the Code 

Authority Board for the Shoe Polish Division is necessitated by 

the lack of organization in this Division. Members of the Code 

Authority Board from the Shoe and Leather Finish and Cement 

Division will be elected by members of the Division. The Code 

Authority Board as constituted will be representative of the 

Industry. 

The Code contains a number of trade-practice provisions which 

are de igned to eliminate destructive competition. These provisions 

should enable the manufacturers to place this Industry on an improved competitive basis. The adoption of the Code, furthermore, 

should prove highly beneficial to the Industry, particularly in the 

cu e of the Shoe Polish Division, which lacks a representative organization. It should assist the Industry . in raising not only standards 

of production and sales efforts but improve working conditions and 

thereby its industrial stabilization. 

The Code will increase the man-hours of employment in the Industry ·while the daily schedule of hours of employment will be decreased, resulting thereby in a small increase in the number of 

per ons employed in the Industry with substantial increases arising 

from increased volume of business. 

The weekly minimum earnings proposed by the Code are approximately fifty percent (50 % ) higher than the lowest paid in June, 1929, 

and are higher than those received by at least half of the factory 

employees in September-October 1933. 

FINDINGS 

The Administrator finds that: (a) The Code as recommended complies in all respects with the pertinent provisions of Title I of the 

Act, including, without limitation, subsection (a) of Section 7 and 

sub ection (b) of Section 10 thereof; and that 

(b) The applicant groups impose no inequitable restrictions on 

admission to membership therein and are truly representative o:£ a 

large majority of t he Shoe and Leather Finish, Polish, and Cement 

Manufacturing Industry; and that 

( c) The Code as recommended is not designed to promote monopolies or to eliminate or oppress small enterprises and will not operate 

to discriminate against them, and will tend to e:ff ectuate the policy 

of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

It is recommended, therefore, that this Code be immediately 

adopted. 

Respectfully, 

HUGH S. JOHNSON, 

Administrator. 
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

SHOE AND LEATHER FINISH, POLISH, AND CEMENT 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

ARTICLE I-P RPO ES 

To ff ect the policies of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery 

Act thi ode i ubmitted as a Code of Fair Competition for the 

hoe and Leather Fini h Poli h an l Cement l\!Ianufacturing Inlu try. an l upon a ppr Yal by the Pr sident, its provisions shall be 

th tan lar 1 of fair ompetition for such industry and shall be 

binding upon ev r memb r thereof. 

RTI LE II-DEFINITIONS 
490 

5. The term "employee", as used herein, includes any and all 

persons engaged in the industry, however compensated, except a 

member of the industry. 

6. The terms "Act" and "Administrator", as used herein, mean, 

respectively, Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act and the 

Admini trator for Industrial Recovery. 

ARTICLE III-HouRs 

SECTION 1. Jif axhnuni H ours.-Except as herein otherwise provided, no employee shall be permitted to work in excess of forty ( 40) 

hours in any one week or eight (8) hours in any twenty-four (24) 

hour period beginning at midnight, provided, h owever, that for a 

total period of twelve (12) weeks during any calendar year, to take 

care of seasonal require1nents, employees may be permitted to work 

forty-eight ( 48 ) hours in any calendar week, but not to exceed an 

average of forty ( 40) hours per week during the entire year. Any 

factory employee who works in excess of forty (40) hours per week or 

eight ( 8) hours per clay shall be paid time and one third for such 

overtime. SEc. 2. Exemption as to H 01..trs.-From the provisions of Section 1 

the following classes shall be exempted : 

A. Employees engaged in managerial, supervisory, executive, or 

technical capacity, or professional employees engaged in a professional capacity, who receive thirty-five dollars ($35.00) or more per 

week, and outside sales:men. 

B. Engineers, firemen, oilers, electricians, and cleaners who may 

not work over forty-four (44) hours weekly except by payment at 

the rate of time and one third for time in excess thereof. 

C. Accounting, clerical, office, stor e, shipping, service, and inside 

sales employee , who shall not be permitted to work in excess of an 

average of forty ( 40) hours per week in any three months' period 

or in exc of :forty-eight ( 48) hours in any calendar week. 

D. Employees on automotive or horse-drawn passenger, express, 

delivery, or freight service, who shall not be permitted to work in 

exce s of an average of forty-four ( 44) hours per week in any three 

months' period or in ex"es. of forty-eight (48 ) hours in any calendar 

week. 

E. Employ es on emergency, maintenance, and repair work," atchmen, and highly skilled workers in continuous processes where restri ction of hours would unavoidably reduce production, except that 

watchmen shall have at least one full day off in each two weeks' 

period. 

SEc. 3. Emvloynient by Several Em,ployers.-N o mployer shall 

knowingly permit any employee to work for any time which, when 

totaled with that already performe l with another employer or 

emplo3 ers in this inchi try, exceeds th 0 maximum permitted herein. 

ARTICLE IV-WAGE 

SECT!ON 1. ivl inhnu•m, 1V ages.-N o male employee of the Shoe 

Polish Division of this industry hnll be paid in any pay period 

less than at the rate of thirty-seven and one half cents (371⁄2¢) per 
491 

hour, and no female employee shall be paid at less than the rate of 

hirty-two and one hnlf cents (321⁄2¢) per hour, except as otherwise 

herein provided. 

EC. ~- Minimum lragcs.-No male employee of the Shoe ancl 

Leather Finish nncl Cement DiYision of this industry shall be paid 

in any pay period less than a.t the rate of forty cents ( 40¢) per hour, 

and no female employee shall be paid at less than the rate of thirtvfi,e cents (35¢) per hour, except as otherwise herein provided. 

EC. 3. Males B etioeen 16 and 18 Y ca1·s of Age.-1-fales between 

ixteen ancl eighteen years of nge, such as delivery boys, messenger 

boys, and laboratory boys, etc., except those employed in factories 

r on production operations, shall be paid at a rate of not less than 

ten dollars ($10) per week. The number of such employees shall 

be limited to not more thnn 5% of the total number of employees, 

except that each establishment is entitled to at least one such 

emploJ ""' - EC. 4. Piecewm·k and JJJ ini1niwi 1Vages.-This article establishes 

a mini.mum rate of pay, which shall apply irrespective of whether 

an employee is actually compensated on a time rate, piecework, or 

other basis. 

EC. 5. Female Employees.-Female employees performing substantially the same work as male employees shall receiYe the same 

rate of pay as male employees. 

ARTICLE V-GE:N"ER.AL LABOR PROVISIONS 

ECTION 1. Child Labo1·.-No person under sixteen (16) years of 

age shall be employed in the industry. In any State an employer 

hall be deemed to have complied with this provision as to age if 

he shall have on file a certificate or permit duly signed by the Authority in such State empowered to issue employment or age certificates or permits showing that the employee is of the required age. 

Ee. 2. Provisions f roni the Act.-In compliance with Section 

7 (a) of the Act it is provided : . That employees shall haYe the right to organize ancl bargain 

ollectively through representatiYes of their own choosing, and shall 

be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of 

labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or 

in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose 

f collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. 

B. That no employee and no one seeking employment shall be 

required, as a condition of employment, to join any company union 

r to refrain from joining, organizing, or assisting a labor onranization of his own choosing, and 

. That employers shall comply with the maximum hours of labor 

minimum rates of pay, and other conditions of employment approved 

r prescribed by the President. 

3Ec. 3. Reclassification of Employces.-~o employer shall reclasify employees or duties of occupations performecl or engage in any 

ther subterfuge for the purpose of defeating the purposes or provisions of the Act or of this Code. 

EC. 4. State Lail's.-X o proYision in this Cocl 

tate or Federal law ,rhirh impose!', on empl 
492 

requirements as to age of employees, wages, hours of work, or as to 

safety, health, sanitary, or general working conditions, or insurance, 

or fire protection than are imposed by this Code. 

SEc. 5. Posting.-A ll employers shall post complete copies of 

Articles III, IV, and V of this Code in conspicuous places accessible 

to employees. 

ARTICLE VI- AmurNISTRATION 

SECTION 1. 0 ode A v,thority B oard.-To further effectuate the 

policies of the Act, a Code Authority shall be established and known 

as the Code Authority Board of the Shoe and Leather Finish, 

Polish, and Cement Industry . The Industry shall be classified into 

two divisions, known as (1) Shoe Polish Division, (2) Shoe and 

Leather Finish and Cement Division. 

SEc. 2. Organization and O on.stitidion of O ode Authority Board.- The Code Authority Board shall be composed of members of the 

industry and shall consist of twelve (12) members to be selected as 

· follows: Six (6) members of the Code Authority Board shall be 

appointed by the Administrator from members of the Shoe Polish 

Division, and six (6) members from the Shoe and L eather Finish 

and Cement Division to be selected as follows : The Executive Committee of the Association of Manufacturers of Shoe and L eather 

Finishes and Cements shall submit the names of twelve (12) nominees, of whom six shall be elected by the 1najority vote of the members of the industry as a whole. Five of the six elected by this 

method shall be members of the Association. 

SEc. 3. In addition to 111.embership as above provided, there may 

be three members, without vote and without expense to the Industry, 

to be appointed by the Administrator. 

SEc. 4. Divisional Planning and Fair Practice Agencies.- The 

members of the Code Authority Board for each Division selected, 

as above set forth, shall respectively act as a separate and distinct 

divisional Planning and Fair Practice Agency for their r espective 

Divisions. Each such divisional P lanning and Fair Practice Agency 

shall present in writing, to the Code Authority Board, its recommendations for its approval or disapproval before submission to 

the Administrator and the · President for their approval if such 

action is required. 

Each Planning and Fair Practice Agency, subj ect to supervision 

by the Code Authority Board, may carry out the approved recommendations in the administration of the Code for its Division to 

the end that each Division may be self-governing in all problems, 

including trade terms and trade practices, relating exclusively to 

itself. 

SEc. 5. In order that the Code Authority Board shall at all times 

be truly representative of the Industry and in other respects comply 

with the provisions of the Act, the Administrator may prescribe 

such hearings as he may deem proper ; and thereafter if he shall find 

that the Code Authority Board is not truly representative or does 

not in other respects comply with the provisions of the Act, may 

require an appropriate modification in the method of selection and 

composition of the Code Authority Board. 
493 

E . . ~ ach trade or industrial a o iation directly r jn Er tly 

parti i pa ting in th sel ction or activities of the Code uthority 

Boar 1 h 11 (1) impo no inequitable r triction on ncmbership1 and ( ) .. ubmit to the dmini trator true pie;:-, of it arti le or 

a o ia ion b la · regulations, an l any amendment when 111(! de 

ther to too· th r with ·uch other information as to m rn b rship, organization an l activities a the clJnini trator may c1 em ne .~ ary 

to e:ff ectuate th purpo of the A t. 

E . .... . l\I mb r of the In lu try shall be entitled to particir ate 

in and hare th benefits of the activities of the ode uthority 

Boar l aw:l to parti ipate in the selection of the member th reof, 

by a enting to and compl ing with the requirements of thi ode 

and u taining their rea onable share of the e:s:pen ·e of its administration. uch rea onable hare of the expenses of aclmini tration 

shall be cl termined by the Code uthority Board, subject to review 

by the Administrator, on the basis of ,olume of business and/ or ·uch 

other fa tors a may b deeme l quitable. SEc. . othing containe 1 in this Co :le ·hall con -titute the mem- bers f the Code uthority Board partners for any purpose. Nor 

shall any member of t he Code Autho"rity Board, exercising rea onable diligence in the conduct of his duties hereunder, be liable to 

anyone for any action or omission to act under this Code, except for 

his own willful misfeasance or nonfeasance. EC. 9. Powers and Duties.-The Code Authority Boar l an di- vi ional P lanning and Fair P ractice Agencies shall have the followino- further powers and duties, the exercise of which shall be 

reported to the Administrator and hall be subject to hi right, 

on re,iew to approve or di appro,e any action taken by the Code 

Authority Board : 

A. To insure th execution of the provi ion of this Co le and 

provide for the c mpliance of the Industry with the provi ions 

hereof. B. To adopt byla-n- and/or rules an 1 regulation for it pro elhtre 

and for the ad1nini tration and enfor ·ement of the Cod . . To obtain from member f the Indu try thr ugh a neutral 

agen uch information and report as are requir 1 for the aclmini tr, tion of the ode. ~ n h information and report hall be ubmitt d by member to such n"ntral agency or agen ie n may be 

de io-nat 1 by the ode \..uthority B ard or divi. ional Plannincr and 

Fair Prac i c g n ie. . In ad lition to information require 1 to be 

c:ubmi~t cl to th de 1: nthority Board all or any of the l r. ons 

~ubj t to thi de . hall fnrni. h :u h tati.~ ti al information as 

the \.dmini trator may cl em ne e . ary for th purpo:e re it d in 

ecti n ' (a) of aid \. t to , nch Federal and tat ag n ie a. the 

dmini trat r ma <l ·ionatc. T othino- in thi ode hall r lie-ve 

any p r. on · f any .·i ting obli ·ation to furni h report to OY rnment no-en ·i . . To indiYiclual r port hall be di lo. d to any oth r 

memb 1' of th n lu -tr or any th r party x ep o u h Gov rnm 1-1t< 1 a · n ies a ma be dir cted b the \. lmini trator . . T u e u h tra<l • ciation and other acr n i · a it cl ems 

pro1 r £ r the arr ing out of any of it a ti Yi ti . provide l £ r 

her in provi cl ha n thinrr h r in hall r li Y th od uthority 

oard of it luti or r p 1 sibiliti under thi le. 
494 

E. To make recommendations to the Administrator for the coordination of the administration of this Code with such other codes, 

if any, as may be related to the Industry, or affect members of this 

Industry. 

F. To secure from members of the Industry an equitable and proportionate payment of the reasonable expenses of maintaining the 

Code Authority Board and its activities. 

G. To cooperate with the Administrator in regulating the u e of 

any N.R.A. insignia solely by those members of the Industry who 

have assented to and are complying with this Code. 

SEc. 10. If it shall be represented to the Administrator by any 

interested party, or he hall determine upon his own motion, that 

any action of the Code Authority Board or of the Fair Practice 

Agencies is unfair to any private interest or contrary to the public 

interest, the Administrator may require that such action be suspended for a period of not to exceed thirty days to afford an oppor- tunity for investigation of the merits of such complaint and further 

consideration by the Code Authority Board pending final action, to 

be taken only upon approval by the Administrator. 

ARTICLE VII-TRADE PRACTICES 

SECTION 1. It shall be unfair competition fo r any manufacturer 

in the Shoe and Leather Finish and Cement Division: 

A. To give cash discounts greater than two percent (2% ) 30 days 

or 15th proximo and net thereafter. 

B. To give, permit to be given, or directly offer to give anything 

of value for the purpo e of influencing or rewarding the action of 

any employee, agent, or representative of another in relation to the 

busine of the employer of such employee, the principal of such 

agent, or the represented party with or without the knowledge of 

such employer, principal, or party. Thi provision shall not be 

construed to prohibit free and general di tribution of articles commonly used for advertising except ... o far as such articles are actually 

used for commercial bribery as hereinabove defined. 

C. To misrepresent either by o-iving fa lse information to customers, by substitution or incorrect labeling of goods, false invoicing, or by any other means. D. No member of the industry shall secretly or directly offer or 

make any payment or allowance of a rebate, refund, commission, 

credit, unearned di count, or excess allowance, whether in the form 

of money or otherwise, nor shall a member of the industry secretly 

offer or extend to any customer any special service or privilege not 

extended to all customers of the same clas , for the purpose of in- fluencing a sale or to def.eat the purpose of this Code. 

E. To give free goods other than reasonably sized sari1ples. 

F. To ship from fabricating point merchandise in weight or measure le s than amount appearing on invoice or markings on package. 

G. To u e competitor's containers. 

H. To willfully or maliciously defame a competitor or unjustly 

disparage a competitor's products. 

I. To sell any product below cost. The divisional Planning and 

Fair Practice Agency m~y req11ire an employer to furnish complete 
495 

information relating to his costs, which shall be -verified by a certified public accountant or by an accountant having the equivalent 

in qualifications and ability of a certified public accountant, snch 

accountant in any event shall have the qualifications required by law 

in such state or governmental subdivision of the United States where 

uch service is performed. 

EC. 2. It shall be un-fafr competition for any manufacturer in the 

hoe Polish Division: 

...... v misrcprrscnt either by giving false information to customers, by substitution or incorrect labeling of goods, false invoicing, or by any other means. 

B. To secretly or directly offer OT make any payment, or allowance of a rebate, refund, commission, credit, unearned discount, or 

excess allowance, whether in the form of money or otherwise, or to 

secretly off er or extend to any customer any special service or 

privilege not extended to all customers of the same class, for the 

purpose of influencing a sale or to defeat the purpose of this Code. 

- . To give samples for free distribution to consumers unless 

clearly marked "Sample." 

D . To make, cause or permit to be made or published, any false, 

misleading, or deceptive statements of or concerning the business 

policies, methods, or products, or price of any products, of any 

manufacturer in t he industry, or the credit standing or ability or 

any such manufacturer thereof to perform any work or manufacture 

or produce any products. 

E. To give datings in excess of five months from date of shipment. 

F. To buy, exchange, sell, issue credit for, or in any way take 

from the trade, the merchandise of any other manufacturer either 

directly or indirectly. 

G. To induce or attempt to induce, by any means, any party 

to a commercial contract with a manufacturer to Yiolate such 

nfributions in rash or goods to any group or orted ·with, or nt th<' solicitation of. nny customer or 

.... \.nTrC'LE VIII-PnrcE Ixc1m.\SE 

'\Ylwrea,-.; the polirv c,f th .... i..~-t to increase real purchasing power 

will be made mor f consummation if prices of aoo<ls and 
496 

services increase as rapidly as wages, it is recognized that price increases except such as may be required to meet individual cost should 

be delayed, but when made such increase,s should, so far as possible, 

be limited to actual additional increases in the seller's costs. 

ARTICLE IX-l\1omFICATJON 

SE TION 1. This Code and all the provisions thereof are expressly 

made ubject to the right of the President, in accordance with the 

provisions of sub.section (b) of Section 10 of the Act, from time to 

time to cancel or modify any order, approval, li cense, rule, or regulation i sue l under ·aid Act. 

ARTICLE X-1\!foNOPOLIES, ETC. 

No pr.ovision of this Code shall be so applied as to permit monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppres , or discriminate 

again, t small enterprises. 

ARTICLE XI-EFFECTIVE DATE 

This Code shall become effective on the second Monday a.fter its 

approval by the President. 

Approved Code No. 184. 

Registry No. 621-05. 

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LIIJIVERS ITY O F FL O RIDA 

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