Approved Code No. 161 Registry No. 911-28 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

FUR DRESSING AND 

FUR DYEING INDUSTRY 

AS APPROVED ON DECEMBER 18, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT I!OOSEVELT 

f :z..------·--v :.~.~rl 

U. 

1. Executive Order 

2. Letter of Transmittal 

8. Code ' 

UNITED STATES 

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WASHINGTON a 1933 

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, 
Approved Code No. 161 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

FUR DRESSING AND FUR DYEING INDUSTRY 

As Approved on December 18, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

Executive Order 

An application having been duly made, pursua.nt to and in :full 

compliance with the provisions of title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, for my approval of a Code 

of Fair Competition for the Fur Dressing and Fur Dyeing Industry, 

and hearings having been held thereon, and the Administrator having 

rendered his report containing an analysis of the said code of fair 

competition together with his recommendation and findings with 

respect thereto, and the Administrator having found that the said 

code of fair competition complies in all respects with the pertinent 

provisions of title I of said act and that the requirements of clauses 

(1) and (2) of subsection (a) of section 3 of the said act have been 

met: 

NO\V, THEREFORE, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the 

United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by title I of 

the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 193·3, and 

otherwise, do adopt and approve the report, recommendations, and 

findings of the Administrator and do order that the said code of 

:fair competition be and is hereby approved. 

Approval recommended: 

HuGHS. JoHNSON, 

Administrator. 

THE WHITE HousE, 

December 18, 1933. 

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, 

26900°-33 (161) 
The PRESIDENT, 

DECEMBER 13, 1933. 

The White House. 

Srn: This is a report on the Code of Fair Competition for the Fur 

Dressing and Fur Dyeing Industry as revised after the hearing conducted in vV ashington on November 1, 1933, in accordance with the 

provisions of the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

PRovisiONS oF THE CoDE As TO WAGEs AND HoURs 

ARTICLE III-HOURS 

1. No employee shall be permitted to work in excess of thirtyfive hours in any one week or seven hours in any twenty-four hour 

period except by payment of not less than time and one half for 

overtime; provided, however, that during any seven weeks of a six 

months' period (the first period to begin on the effective date of 

this code) employees may work not more than forty hours per week, 

but time in excess of eight hours in any twenty-four during such 

seven weeks' period shall be paid at the rate of time and one half 

for overtime. 

2. From the provisions of paragraph one the following classes 

shall be excepted : 

(a) Watchmen, executives and foremen acting in a purely supervisory capacity, outside salesmen, and chemists. 

(b) Engineers, firemen, chauffeurs, and drivers and their helpers, 

who may not work over forty-four hours in any one week except by 

payment of nofless than time and one third for overtime. 

(c) Office employees, receiving and shipping clerks shall not work 

more than forty hours per week, averaged over a four week's period, 

except by payment of not less than time and one third for overtime. 

3. The maximum hours fixed in the foregoing sections shall not 

apply to any employee on emergency maintenance or emergency 

repair work Involving breakdowns or protection of life or property, 

or any emergency situation which may arise whereby the product 

of the employer may be spoiled or destroyed while in a perishable 

condition, but in such cases the employer may put such product 

through the regular processes into a nonperi hable condition, and 

for all such emergency overtime the employee shall be paid at the 

rate of overtime above prescribed for hours worked in excess o:f 

the maximum hours herein provided. 

4. No employee shall be permitted to work more than six days 

in any seven-day period. 

5. The available work in each shop shall, so far as practicable, 

be equally divided amongst all the employees therein. 

(162) 
163 

ARTICLE IV-WAGES 

1. The following minimum rates of wage shall be paid all employees other than those engaged in the r abbit dyeing industry: 

(a) No male employee nineteen years of age and over shall be paid 

at less than the rate of 65 cents an hour. 

(b) No male employee over sixteen years but under nineteen 

years of age shall be paid at less than the rate of 45 cents an hour. 

(c) No female employee shall be paid at less than the rate of 

45 cents an hour. 

2. The following minimum rat€s of wage shall be paid all employees of shops or departments engaged exclusively in the dyeing 

of rabbit or coney skins : 

(a) No male ern ployee nineteen years of age and over shall be paid 

at less than the rate of 50 cents an hour. 

(b) No male employee over sixteen years but under nineteen years 

of age and no female employee shall be paid at less than the rate 

of 35 cents an hour. 

3. On or before June 1, 1934, the Code Authority Board, hereinafter provided for, shall undertake an investigation of the minimum 

wage scales contained herein and submit its report and recommendations thereon to the Administrator, who may take such action thereon 

as he may deem necessary. 

4. (a) There shall be no discrimination in wages by reason of sex, 

and where in any case females do substantially the same work, or 

perform substantially the same duties as males, they shall receive 

the same rates of wage. 

(b) Male employees between the ages of sixteen and nineteen 

years, who do substantially the same work or perform substantially 

the same duties as male employees nineteen years of age and over 

shall receive the same rates of wage as male employees nineteen 

years of age and over. 

(c) This Article establishes a minimum rate of pay, regardless 

of whether an employee is compensated on a time rate, piece work, 

or other basis. 

(d) The wages of unskilled labor receiving in excess of the foregoing minimum rates of pay established by this code shall not be 

reduced. 

5. 'i'\There employers and employees by collective bargaining have 

entered into or shall enter into valid employer-employee agreements, 

the code authority hereinafter constituted shall from time to time 

require proof of such agreements; and when said agreements shall 

have been proved and filed with said code authority, full recognition 

of the contractual obligations under said agreements shall be accorded in the administration of this code, subject to the approval of 

the Administrator. 

6. Any division of the industry through its Divisional Planning 

Committee hereinafter provided for, and upon five days' notice to 

each individual member of the Code Authority Board hereinafter 

provided for, may present to the Administrator a schedule of minimum wages to be paid skilled employees of the division presenting 

such schedule. 
164 

The Administrator within twenty days after said presentment 

shall grant a hearing to all parties at intere t, and shall approve, 

disapprove, or modify said schedule or any part thereof. If any 

amendment to this code appear necessary or desirable, the Administrator shall promptly act in accordance with the law and the 

regulations provided by the President to so amend. 

EcoNOMIC EFFECT oF THE CoDE 

Fur dressing and fur dyeing is a serYice. Raw skins or pelts 

belonging to others are deli Yered to dressers and dyers for processing 

and returned to their owners dressed and dyed and ready to be made 

into garments and trimming for garments. The dressers and dyers 

ha\e no ownership whatsoever in the commodity which they service. 

Practically all employees in some of the divisions are organized, 

in others no organization exists, and in others the employees are 

partially organized. In the organized divisions the hourly wage 

scale is extremely high and might seem unreasonably so were it not 

for the fact that the regulation of the business, due to seasonal requirements and the great number of employees available, is such 

that rarely do pieceworkers have an opportunity to do a full days' 

work. The fact is that the high hourly wage rate does not in any 

way result in a high or even satisfactory weekly pay envelop, yet 

it is generally conceded that the cost of service operations of fur 

dressers or dyers forms a relatively small part of the price of the 

finished garment. 

It is estimated that the effect of this code due to the restrictions of 

hours will be sufficient to reemploy all those attached to the industry at the peak of 1929, and the minimum wage scale for unskilled 

employees will add substantially to the wages received by the 

employees generally. 

I believe that this code will be highly beneficial to the fur dressing 

and fur dyeing industry generally, and that its administration will, 

from its inception, accomplish in large and increasing measure the 

purposes of theN ational Industrial Recovery Act. 

FINDINGS 

The Administrator finds that: 

(a) The code as recommended complies in all respects with the 

pertinent provisions of Title I of the Actbincluding, without limitation, subsection (a) of Section 7 and su section (b) of Section 10 

thereof; and that 

(b) The applicant groups impose no inequitable restrictions on 

admissions to membership therein and are truly representative of the 

fur dressing and fur dyeing industry; and that 

(c) The code as recommended is not designed to promote monopolies or to eliminate or oppress small enterprises and will not 

operate to discriminate against them~ and will tend to effectuate the 

policy of Title I o:f the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

It is recommended, therefore, that this code be adopted. 

Respectfully, 

HuaH S. JoHNsoN, 

Administrator. 
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

FUR DRESSING AND FUR DYEING INDUSTRY 

ARTICLE I-PURPOSES 

To effectuate the policies of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, the following provisions are adopted as a Code of Fair 

Competition for the fur-dressing and fur-dyeing industry, and upon 

approval by the President shall be the standard of fair competition 

for such industry and shall be binding upon every member thereof. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

1. The terms "fur-dressing and fur-dyeing industry" or "the industry " as used herein shall be taken to mean the business of dressing 

or dyeing or otherwise processing of all kinds of raw fur skins and 

such related industries as may from time to time be included under 

the provisions of this code. 

2. The term "employee" as used herein includes anyone engaged 

in the industry in any capacity receiving compensation for his services, irrespective of the nature or method of payment of such compensation. This definition shall include all persons performing any 

labor or doing any work in dressing, dyeing, or otherwise process- . ing fur skins, includino- a member of a copartnership or firm, an 

officer, director, or stoclrholder of a corporation doing such work. 

3. The term" employer" as used herein includes anyone by whom 

such employee is compensated or employed. 

4. The term "member of the industry" includes anyone engaged 

in the industry as above defined, either as an employer or on his own 

behalf. 

5. The terms "President" "Act", and "Administrator" as used 

herein shall mean respectively the President of the United States, 

the National Industrial Recovery Act, and the Administrator of 

said Act. 

6. The term " fancy fur dressers " shall mean all members of the 

industry engaged in the dressing of all kinds of fur skins except 

rabbit skins and skins which require dressing and dyeing as a 

combination process, such as Hudson seals, Persian lamb, etc., etc. 

7. The term " fancy fur dyers " shall mean all members of the 

industry engaged in the dyeing of all kinds of fur skins, except 

rabbit skins, and including such skins as required dressing and dyeing 

as a combination process, such as Hudson seals, Persian lamb, etc., 

etc. 

(165) 
166 

8. The term "dog and long-haired fur dyers" shall mean all 

members of the industry engaged in the dyeing of dog skins and 

long-haired fur skins. 

9. The term "rabbit-fur dressers" shall mean all members of the 

industry engaged in the dressing of rabbit and coney skins. 

10. The term " rabbit-fur dyers" shall mean all members of the 

industry engaged in the dyeing of rabbit and coney skins. 

11. The term "metropolitan area" shall include only the states 

of Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsy 1 vania. 

ARTICLE III-HoURs 

1. No employee shall be permitted to work in excess of thirtyfive hours in any one week or seven hours in any twenty-four hour 

period, except by payment of not less than time and one half for 

overtime; provided, however, that during any seven weeks of a six 

months' period (the first period to begin on the effective date of this 

code) employees may work not more than forty hours per week, but 

time in excess of eight hours in any twenty-four during such seven 

weeks' period shall be paid at the rate of time and one half for overtime. 

2. From the provisions of paragraph one the following cla ses 

shall be excepted : 

(a) 'Vatchmen, executives and foremen acting in a purely supervisory capacity, outside salesmen, and chemists. 

(b) Engi:Q.eers, firemen, chauffeurs, and drivers and their helpers, 

who may not work over forty-four hours in any one week except 

by payment of not less than time and one third for overtime. 

(c) Office employees, receiving and shipping clerks shall not work 

more than forty hours per week, averaged over a four weeks' period, 

except by payment of not less than time and one third for overtime. 

3. The maximum hours fixed in the foregoing sections shall not 

apply to any employee on emergency maintenance or emergency 

repair work involving breakdowns or protection of life or property, 

or any emergency situation which may arise whereby the product 

of the employ~r may be spoiled or destroyed while in a perishable 

condition, but in such cases the employer may put such product 

through the regular processes into a nonperishable. condition, and 

for all such emergency overtime the employee shall be paid at the 

rate of overtime above prescribed for hours worked in excess of the 

maximum hours herein provided. 

4. No employee shall be permitted to work more than six days in 

any seven-day period. 

5. The available work in each shop shall, so far as practicable, 

be equally divided amongst all the employees therein. 

ARTICLE IV-W .AGES 

1. The following minimum rates of wage shall be paid all employees other than those engaged in the rabbit dyeino- industry: 

(a) No male employee nineteen years of age and oyer shall be paid 

at less than the rate of 65 cents an hour. 
167 

(b) No male employee over sixteen years but under nineteen years 

of age shall be paid at less than the rate of 45 cents an hour. 

(c) No female employee shall be paid at less than the r ate of 45 

cents an hour. 

2. The :following minimum rates of wage shall be paid all employees of shops or departments engaged exclusively in the dyeing of 

rabbit or coney skins. 

(a) No male employee nineteen years of age and over shall be 

paid at less than the rate of 50 cents an hour. 

(b) No male employe~ over sixteen years but under nineteen years 

of age and no female employee shall be paid at less than the rate 

of 35 cents an hour. 

3. On or before June 1, 1934, the Code Authority Board, hereinafter 

provided for, shall undertake an investigation of the minimum wage 

scales contained herein and submit its report and recommendations 

thereon to the Administrator, who may take such action thereon as 

he may deem necessary. 

4. (a) There shall be no discrimination in wages by reason of 

sex, and where in any case females do substantially the same work, or 

perform substantially the same duties as males, they shall receive the 

same rates of wage. • 

(b) Male employees between the ages of sixteen and nineteen years, 

who do substantially the same work or perform substantially the same 

duties as male employees nineteen years of age a.nd over shall receive 

the same rates of wage as male employees nineteen years of age and 

~ver. 

(c) This Article establishes a minimum rate of pay, regardless of 

whether an employee is compensated on a time rate, piecework, or 

other basis. 

(d) The wages of unskilled labor receiving in excess of the foregoing minimum rates of pay established by this code shall not be 

reduced. 

5. \Vhere employers and employees by collective bargaining have 

entered into or shall enter into valid employer-employee agreements, 

the code authority hereinafter constituted shall from time to time 

require proof of such agreements; and when said agreements shall 

have been proved and filed with said code authority, full recognition 

of the contractual obligations under said agreements shall be accorded 

in the administration of this code, subject to the approval of the 

Administrator. 

6. Any division of the industry through its Divisional Planning 

Committee hereinafter provided for, and upon five days' notice to 

each individual member of the Code Authority Board hereinafter 

provided for, may present to the Administrator a schedule of minimum wages to be paid skilled employees of the division presenting 

such schedule. 

The Administrator within twenty days after said presentment 

shall grant a hearing to all parties at interest, and shall approve, 

disapprove, or modify said schedule or any part thereof. If any 

amendment to this code appears necessary or desirable, the Administrator shall promptly act in accordance with the law and the regulations provided by the President to so amend. 
168 

ARTICLE V - GENERAL LABOR P ROVI SIONS 

? 

1. No person under sixteen years of age shall be employed in the 

industry, nor anyone under twenty years of age at operations or 

occupations hazardous in nature or detrimental to health. The code 

authority shall submit to the Administrator before J anuary 1, 1934, 

a list of such occupations. In any State an employee shall be deemed 

to have complied with this provision if he shall have on file a 

certificate or permit duly issued by the authority in such State 

empowered to issue employment or age certificates or permits 

showing that the employee is of the required age. 

2. Employees shall have the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall be 

free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of 

labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or 

in self-organizatiOn or in other concerted activities for the purpose 

of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. 

3. No employee, and no one seeking employment, shall be required 

vs a condition of employment to join any company union or to 

refrain from joining, organizing, or assisting a labor organization 

of his own choosing. 

4. Employers shall comply with the maximum hours of labor, 

minimum rates of pay, and other conditions of employment, 

approved or prescribed by the President. 

5. Within each State this code shall not supersede any laws of 

such State imposing more stringent requirements on employers regulating the age of employees, wages, hours of work, or health, fire, or 

general working conditions than under this code. 

6. Employers shall not reclassify employees or duties of occupations performed by employees so as to defeat the purposes of the Act. 

7. Each employer shall post in conspicuous places in his factory 

full copies of this code. 

ARTICLE VI-ADMINISTRATION 

1. To further effectuate the policies of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, a code authority known as the Code Authority Board 

of the F ur Dressing and Fur Dyeing Industry shall be established 

as follows : 

2. The fur dressing and fur dyeing industry shall be classified into 

the following divisions: 

1. The Rabbit F ur Dressers Division. 

2. The Rabbit Fur Dyers Division. 

3. The F ancy Fur Dressers Division. 

4. The Fancy Fur Dyers Division. 

5. The Dog and Long H aired Fur Dyers Division. 

Subject to the approval of the Administrator, additional divisions 

may be organized or existing divisions consolidated upon recommendation of the planning connn ittees of all the divisions and the Code 

Authority Board. 

3. There shall be elected to the Code Authority Board by members 

of their respective divisions, according to rules adopted by each division and approved by the Administrator, seventeen members thereof, 
169 

as follows: three representatives from each of the above divisions 

operating factories or plants within the metropolitan area, except the 

Fancy Fur Dyers Division within said area, which shall elect four 

representatives; and one representative at large shall be elected by 

members of the fur dressing and fur dyeing industry operating factories or plants outside the metropolitan area. The President m!ly 

appoint not more than three members in addition thereto, without 

vote. 

4. The Code Authority Board so organized is hereby constituted 

the agency for coopBrating with the Administration or the Administrator as an administrative agency for the Fur Dressing and Fur 

Dyeing Industry. Such agency may from time to time present to 

the Administrator recommendations based on conditions in the industry as they may develop, for the betterment thereof and for the 

purpose of further effectuating the operation of the provisions of this 

code and the policy of the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

5. The Chairman of the Board shall be elected from its membership by a majority vote of the members of the Code Authority Board, 

and the selection thus made shall be subject to the approval of the 

Administrator. When so elected and approved the Chairman of the 

Code Authority Board shall be the presiding and chief executive 

officer of said Board. 

6. Each division of the fur dressing and fur dyeing industry shall, 

by a method approved by the Administrator, elect its own separate 

and distinct divisional planning committee which shall be entitled to 

make recommendations on matters pertaining to the administration 

of this code affecting said division. All such recommendations 

shall be presented in writing by the division's representatives to 

every member of said Board and if said Board fails to act thereon 

within ten days thereafter, such recommendations shall be deemed 

approved by it. If any recommendations by the Divisional Plannnig 

Committee involving a modification or amendment of this code are 

disapproved by the Code Authority Board, then the Divisional Planning Committee presenting such recommendations shall be entitled 

to present the same direct to the Administrator for his approval in 

accordance with law. Each division may carry out the approved 

recommendations of its planning committee subject to supervision 

by the Code Authority Board, all to the end that each division may 

be self-governing in all problems relating exclusively to itself including trade terms and trade practices as well as other administrative 

matters affecting it, but in any event subject to the approval of the 

Administrator. 

7. In order that the Code Authority Board shall at all times be 

truly representative of the industry and in other respects comply 

with the provisions of the Act, the Administrator may hold such 

hearings as he may deem proper; and thereafter if he shall find that 

the Code Authority Board is not truly representative or does not 

in other respects comply with the provisions of the Act, he may 

require appropriate modification or modifications, or take such further action as he may deem necessary. 

8. The Code Authority Board shall have the following duties and 

powers to the extent permitted by the Act, subject to the right of 
170 

the Administrator on reVIew to disapprove or modify any action 

taken by it. 

(a) The Code Authority Board shall administer the code and shall 

maintain all activities pertinent thereto, such as obtaining from 

employers reports requested by the President or his authorized representative in respect to wages, hours of labor, conditions of employment, number of employees, and other matters necessary for the 

effectuation of this Code and Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act. 

In addition to the information required to be submitted to the 

Code Authority Board, there shall be furnished to government 

agencies such statistical information as the Administrator may deem 

necessary for the purposes recited in Section 3 (a) of the Act. 

(b) lVIembers of the industry shall be entitled to participate in 

and share the benefits of the activities of the Code Authority Board 

and to participate in the selection of the members thereof by assentin~ to and complying with the requirements of this code and sustaining their reasonable share of the expenses of its administration. 

Such reasonable share of the expenses of administration shall be determined by the Code Authority Board subject to review by the Administrator, on the basis of such factors as may be deemed equitable. 

(c) No reorganization of the Code Authority Board or reclassification of the divisions in the industry, or modification or amendment 

of the rules and regulations contained in the code, shall be made over 

the dissent of any one of the divisional planning committees, except 

as and where the President may make such reorganization, reclassification, modification, or amendment under the law, without the 

assent of the parties affected. 

(d) Each trade or industrial association directly or indirectly participating in the selection or activities of the Code Authority Board, 

shall (1) impose no inequitable restrictions on membership and (2) 

submit to the Administrator true copes of its articles of association, 

bylaws, regulations, and any amendments when made thereto, together with such other information as to membership, organization, 

and activities as the Administrator may deem necessary to effectuate 

the purposes of the Act. 

ARTICLE VII-TRADE PRACTICES 

The following practices constitute unfair methods of competition 

of the industry and are prohibited: 

1. False M a1·lcing o1· Branding.-The false marking or branding 

of any product of the industry which has the tendency to mislead or 

deceive customers or prospective customers, whether as to the grade, 

quality, quantity, sub tance, character, nature, origin, size, finish, or 

preparation of any product of the industry, or otherwise. 

2. Mis1·epresentation or False or Misleadimg Advertising.- Tbe 

making or causing or knowingly permitting to be made or publi hed 

any false, materially inaccurate, or deceptive statement by way of advertisement or otherwi e, whether concerning the grade, quality, 

quantity, substance, character, nature, origin, size, finish, or preparation of any product of the industry, or the credit terms, values, policies, or services of any ~ember of the industry, or otherwise, having 
171 

the tendency or capacity to mislead or deceive customers or prospective customers. 

3. Commercial Bribery.-Directly or indirectly to give or permit 

to be given, or offer to give, money or anything of value to agents, 

employees, or representatives of customers or prospective customers, 

or to agents, employees, or representatives of competitors' customers, 

or prospective customers, as an inducement to influence their employers or princ~pals to purchase. or contract to purchase from. t~e 

makers of such gift or offer, or to Influence such employers or pnncipals to refrain from dealing or contracting to deal with competitors. 4. Interference with Contractual Relations.-!\1aliciously inducing 

or attempting to induce. the breach of an existing oral or written 

contract between a competitor and his customer or source of supply, 

or interfering with or obstructing the performance of any such 

contractual duties or services. 

5. Secret R ebates.-The secret payment or allowance of rebates, 

refunds, commissions, credits, or unearned discounts, whether in the 

form of money or otherwise, or the secret extension to certain purchasers of special services or privileges not extended to all purchasers on like terms and conditions. The giving of unfounded or 

excessive allowances as damages or alleged damages for skins. 

6. Giving of Prizes, Premiwms, or Gifts.-The offering or giving 

of prizes, premiums, or gifts in connection with the sale of products 

or rendering of service, or as an inducement thereto, by any scheme 

which involves lottery, misrepresentation, or fraud. 

7. Defarmation.-The defamation of competitors by falsely imputing to them dishonorable conduct, inability to perform contracts, 

questionable credit standinghor by other false representations, or by 

the f alse disparagement of t e grade or quality of their goods. 

8. Threats of Litigation.-The publishing or circularizing of 

threats or suits for infringement of patents or trade marks or of any 

other legal proceedings not in good faith, with the tendency or effect 

of harassing or intimidating their customers. 

9. Espi01wge of Oompetitors.-Securing confidential information 

concerning the business of a competitor by a false or misleading 

statement or representation, by a false impersonation of one in 

authority, by bribery, or by any other unfair method. 

10. Other Unfair Practwes.-Nothing in this code shall limit the 

effect of any adjudication by the courts or holding by the Federal 

Trade Commission on complaint, finding, and order that any practice or method is unfair, providing that such adjudication or holding 

is not inconsistent with any provision of the Act or of this code. 

ARTICLE VIII-SALE BELOW CosT AND SERVICE CHARGES 

1. No one engaged in this industry shall dress and/ or dye or process any fur skins at a price below cost of production, and each 

employer whether fur dresser or fur dyer, or both, shall submit upon 

request a statement from a certified public accountant recognized by 

the Code Authority Board for the industry as qualified to the effect 

that such manufacturer has a proper accounting system; which statement, however, may not be accepted as final by the Code Authority 

Board either as to accounting or as to selling below cost. 
172 

2. In order to effectuate the purposes of the Act and to assure the 

main~enance of labor sta~dards, any division of this industry may at 

any tm1e after the effective date of this code submit to the Administrat?r, through t~e Code Authority Board, a schedule of charges 

applicable to services rendered by members of said division, based 

upon the lowest reasonable cost of production. If and when such 

schedul shall be approved by the Administrator and by employers 

of 65% of the employees engaged in the division affected, the rates 

set forth therein for the services specified shall be the minimum 

charge for said services in the industry, and the rendition of services 

for charges below those appearing in such approved schedule shall be 

a violation of this code. Subsequent changes in said schedule shall 

be arrived at in the same manner and shall not be subject to the provisions of Section 8 (c) of Article VI. • 

3. Any group of fur dressers or fur dyers, not otherwise bound 

by an approved schedule of charges as contemplated by Article VIII, 

may agree upon a minimum service charge to assure the maintenance 

of labor standards covering any one type of service or a schedule 

comprehending more than one type of service, which shall become 

effective and binding upon the parties to such agreement when approved by the Administrator. Any violation of such agreement 

after approval thereof shall be deemed a violation of this code. 

Subsequent changes in said schedule shall be arrived at in the same 

manner and shall not be subject to the provisions of Section 8 (c ) 

of Article VI. 

ARTICLE IX- REGISTRATION AND MARKING OF PRODUCTS 

The Code Authority Board shall assign to each employer engaged 

in this industry assenting to and complying with the provisions of 

this code an N.R.A. insignia and separate registry number; on and 

after the effective date of this code all fur skins dressed, dyed, or 

otherwise processed by an employer shall bear a nonremovable 

stamp, seal, or impression, giving the number assigned to such employer by the Code Authority Board. The Administrator upon 

recommendation of the Code Authority Board, or upon his own 

motion after due notice and hearing thereon, may revoke the assignment of any such N.R.A. insignia to any employer in the industry 

upon satisfactory proof that such employer has violated the terms 

or provisions of this code. 

No firm engaged in the dyeing division shall proce s any skin 

which does not bear such N.R.A. registration number unless a stamp 

indicating the country of origin shall show that it was not dressed 

in the United States. 

ARTICLE X-~10DIFICATION 

1. This code and all the provisions thereof are expressly made 

subject to the right of the President, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of Section 10 of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, from time to time to cancel or modify any order, 

approval, license, rule or regulation issued under Title I of said 

Act and specifically, but without limitation, to the right of the 
173 

President to cancel or modify his approval of this code or any condition impo eel by him upon his approval thereof. 

2. Thi code, except a to prm·isions required by the Act, may be 

modified on the basis of experience or change in circumstances, 

such modification to be based upon application to the Administrator 

and such notice and hearing as he shall specify, and to become effective on approval of the President. 

ARTICLE XI-MoNOPOLIEs, ETo. 

No prov1swn of this code shall be so applied as to permit 

monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppress, or 

discriminate against small enterprises. 

ARTICLE XII-EFFECTIVE DATE 

This code shall become effective on the tenth day after its approval 

by the President. 

Approved Code No. 161. 

Registry No. 911-28. 

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UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 

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