v 

Approved Code No. 118--Reprint Registry No. 217-1-06 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

COTTON GARMENT INDUSTRY 

AS APPROVED ON NOVEMBER 17, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

WE DO OUR PART 

INCLUDES AMENDMENTS NOS'. 1-8 INCL. 

I At. 1 ---- \ 

U.i. l!tt~TO~Y 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON: 1934 

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Approved Code No. 118 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

COTTON GARMENT INDUSTRY 

As Approved on November 17, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

Executive Order 

An application having been duly made, pursuant to and in full 

compliance with the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, for my approval of a Code 

of Fair Competition for the Cotton Garment Industry, and hearings 

having been held thereon and the Administrator having rendered his 

report containing an analysis of the said code of fair competition together with his recommendations and findings with respect thereto, 

and the Administrator having found that the said code of fair competition complies in all respects with the pertinent provisions of Title 

I of aid Act and that the requirements of clauses (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of section 3 of the said act have been met. 

NOW, THEREFORE, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the 

United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I of 

the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, and 

otherwise, do hereby adopt and approve the report, recommendations 

and findings of the Administrator and do order that the said code of 

fair competition be and it is hereby approved, subject to the following 

conditions: 

A. A committee appointed by representatives of several of the 

States having heretofore drafted a tentative code or compact concerning prison labor, the purpose of which is the establishment of 

fair competition between the products of prisons and the products 

of competing private industry, and containing provisions the intention of which is substantially the same as is hereinafter referred 

to, the code or compact shall be deemed to be satisfactory under the 

requirement in article VIII C of the within code if and so long as 

the compact or code adopted by the States provides for and accomplishes the following in relation to the manufacture, sale, and distribution of products made in whole or in part by prisoners: 

107723°----1465-54----35 (77) 
78 

1. The hours of labor of prisoners shall not be greater than the 

hours prescribed in the code of fair competition of the competing 

private domestic Industry. 

2. Prison products when sold by the prison or through a contractor, whether sold direct or through any agency, shall be sold not 

lower than the current price prevailing in the market in which the 

product is customarily sold-to wholesalers, retailers, or consumers 

as the case may be. 

3. Unless it requires a higher price than specified in paragraph 2, 

the State shall be paid on all contracts for the labor of prisoners an 

amount equal to the cost per unit for labor and overhead of the comparable product necessarily paid in competing domestic private 

industry. 

4. The hours of operation of productive machinery shall be not 

more than is prescribed in the code of the competing private domestic 

industry. 

5. Nothing in said compact, or code shall affect in any way any 

Federal act relating to prison-made products, or any State act passed 

or effective under any such Federal act, if said acts are held constitutional and valid. 

6. A code authority set up in the compact shall have the power 

to administer, supervise, and enforce said code and establish the 

prices and costs of prison-made goods as required in paragraphs 2 

and 3 above after conferring with the code authority of the affected 

industry, from which decision an appeal shall be allowed to the 

President of the United States. 

7. The code authority set up in the compact, after an investigation which shall include a consideration of economic, trade, and 

market conditions, shall (1) formulate such regulations as may be 

consistent and lawful and as may be necessary to assure a diversification of the output of " prison industries " in fair proportion to the 

production of any competing private domestic industry affected, 

and (2) prohibit the expansion of any existing prison industry which 

is causing a disproportionate competition with any private domestic 

industry. 

8. Such other provisions as will assure a fair basis of competition 

not inconsistent with the above. 

B. That the application of section G of article IV be and hereby 

is stayed as to members of the industry located in the State of ICentucky and in those counties in the States of Illinois and Indiana 

which border on the Ohio River for such period as the Administrator shall determine, which period shall not exceed four ( 4) 

months from and after the effective date of the aforesaid Code of 

Fair Competition for the Cotton Garment Industry, that during such 

period the said members of the industry located in the State of 

Kentucky and in those counties in the States of Illinois and Indiana 

bordering on the Ohio River shall be included in the southern section of the industry for the purposes of the aforesaid article IV, 

that during such period the administrator shall hold such hearings 

and cause such investigations to be made as he may deem necessary 

to determine the classification of the above area for the purposes of 

the aforesaid article IV and that prior to the termination of such 
79 

period, the Administrator shall determine the classification of the 

said area for the purposes of said article IV of the said Code of 

Fair Competition for the Cotton Garment Industry. 

Approval recommended: 

HuGHS. JoHNSoN, 

Administrator. 

THE WHITE HousE, 

November 17, 1933. 

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. 
THE PRESIDENT, 

NovEMBER 7, 1933. 

The White House. 

Sm: A proposed code of fair competition for the Cotton Garment 

Industry was submitted to the Administrator on July 20, 1933, and 

public hearings were held on August 2nd and 3rd. The revision of 

the code was then begun by the principal intere ted parties and a 

number of subsequent hearings were held. Revised versions of the 

code were resubmitted on September 6th, September 19th, and September 25th. The long delay which r esulted before the code could be 

recommended for approval has not been due to any irreconcilable 

differences of opinion with contending factions refusing to give 

ground. The delay has resulted almost entirely from the fact that 

the Cotton Garment Industry has many ramifications and that time 

ha been required to work out code provisions which ould equitably 

apply to the different parts of a complicated structure and, more 

particularly, which would· reduce so far as possible conflicts of 

jurisdiction. 

The sponsoring organization for the code was the International 

Association of Garment Manufacturers, which is also a federation of 

smaller associations which represent subdivisions of the industry. 

At the time of the hearings the International Association of Garment 

Manufacturers had more than 275 members who were grouped in the 

following divisions: 

Work Garment Manufacturers Division. 

Union-Made Garment Manufacturers Division. 

Men's Shirt Manufacturers Division. 

Men's Wash Suit Manufacturers Division. 

Work Shirt Manufacturers Division. 

Pajama Manufacturers Division. 

Athletic Underwear Manufacturers Division. 

Men's Collar Manufacturers Division. 

Cotton Wash Dress Manufacturers Division. 

Boy's Shirts and Blouse Manufacturers Division. 

Waterproof Cotton Garment Manufacturers Division. 

Heavy Cotton Outerwear and Combination Leather Garment 

Manufacturers Division. 

The number and variety of the articles thu manufactured seemed 

sufficiently great. Since the first public hearings, however, the association, through direct membership or affiliations, has come to represent oiled cotton garments, nurses' and maid's uniform , washable 

service apparel and pants (chiefly of cotton content). The Code, 

according to the terms of Article II, covers the manufacture of 

fourteen articles or garments. The International Association of 

Garment Manufacturers appears to r pre ·ent more than 75% of 

the production of each article. It now ha 39:5 m mbers, with 110 

(80) 
81 

~pplications for membership on file, and claims that the total volume of business of its members amounts annually to $332,000,000, 

approximately 80% of the total production. 

DEFINITION 

As was pointed out at the conclusion of the first hearings, the 

Cotton Garment Code was presented for a trade association rather 

than for an industry. Indeed, it wa doubtful whether there should 

be such an industry, at least with definitions as broad as those in the 

Code. There were no codes for the vVoolen Garm.ent Industry or the 

Silken Garment Industry. Codes had been presented for men's 

clothing, for coats and suits and for dresses. The manufacturers 

under those codes use wool, silk, and cotton. From the operation of 

these codes the proponents of the Cotton Garment Code sought to exclude all manufacturers whose products were chiefly of cotton content. 

Even if disinterested efforts are made to put indu tries and their 

subdivisions as logically and as fairly as possible under appropriate 

codes, difficulties are certain to arise. Definitions cannot be written 

so clearly and comprehensively as to eliminate all doubts and controver es as to jurisdiction. Special difficulties are invited, however, 

when a code is presented by a trade association which is a federation 

of other trade associations and which naturally wishes to bring into 

its membership as many units as po ible. During the hearings such 

a federation was justified on the principle that all articles which 

would be manufactured under the aegis of the federation would contain cotton and that the number of codes for the garment industries 

would be reduced in nmnber by grouping together a number of 

industries or subdivisions. 

One important r eason, however, for the popularity of the Cotton 

Garment Code-that is to say for the desire of certain industries to 

come under it-was the expectation that the Cotton Garment Code 

would be less onerous on manufacturers than any other code which 

was adopted for any one of the needle trades. The hours proposed 

were high and the wages proposed were low. It is these hour and 

wage provisions which have been responsible for the mariage de 

convenance between cotton dresses and leather clothing, between 

pants and nurses and maids uniforms, between pajamas and work 

clothing, and between children's play suits and oiled cotton garments. l\1uch of the delay experienced in the completion of this 

code is attributable to the heterogeneous coverage of the Code and 

to the fact that difficulties a to jurisdictions and pro pects of unfair 

competition have become apparent before the Code goe into effect. 

Three examples of these difficulties may be cited: cotton wash suits, 

pants, and linen dresses. On the first two questions a number of hearings were helrl. The 

third question will have to be dealt with hortly, for the makers of 

cotton wash dre s:e have been accuutomed to make linen dresses. Linen dresses, however, will probably be under the Dre s Code. This 

difficulty will have to be dealt with later by putting all dresses under 

the same code with appropriate wao·e differentials covering the manufacture of wa h dresses which requires less skill than does the 

manufacture of more dressy dresses. 
82 

The difficulty was much the same in the case of men's wash suits. 

These, when chiefly of cotton content, were excluded :from the Men's 

Clothing Code which went into effect on September 11th, and the 

expectation was that they would be covered by the Cotton Garment 

Code. It appeared, however, that many men's clothing manufacturers made cotton wash suits. They would thus be under two codes. 

It appeared also that the cotton wash suit manufacturers, located 

largely in New Orleans, made linen suits which were cut and sewn 

at the same time as their cotton suits. After several conferences and 

hearin~s, the New Orleans and other wash suit manufacturers joined 

with the Men's Clothing Code Authority in urging the desirability 

of the Men's Clothing Code covering all men's summer clothing, 

washable and nonwashable, with appropriate wage differentials 

recognizing that a different class of labor from that employed in the 

manufacture of woolen suits can be used in the manufacture of 

summer clothing and that the seasonal nature of the summer clothing industry may require tolerance in certain periods, in respect of 

the number of hours per week that may be worked. 

The difficulty as to pants does not lend itself to such an easy 

solution. "Work pants and men's and boys' pants in chief content 

of cotton " are under the Cotton Garment Code. " Single knee pants 

and single pants" are under the Men's Clothing Code. Promptly 

as the Men's Clothing Code went into effect, on September 11th~ 

complaints were made by manufacturers under the Men's Clothing 

Code that other manufacturers making precisely similar articles 

claimed that they were chiefly of cotton content and therefore came 

under the Cotton Garment Code, with :forty instead of thirty-six 

hours as the maximum week and 32:Y2¢ instead of 40¢ per hour as 

the minimum wage. Some of these manufacturers, it should be 

noted, had been members of one of the associations proposing a 

Men's Clothing Code. They were then men's clothing manufacturers but when it appeared that the Men's Clothing Code would 

have high standards they became cotton-garment manufacturers. 

This difficulty, it appeared, could not be satisfactorily dealt with 

by a change of definitions. Manifestly the object of the Recovery 

Act-the spread of employment and the increase of wages-would 

be negatived by placing all pants manufacturers on a forty hour and 

32¥2¢ basis. Manifestly, also, employers could not be expected to 

continue under the Men's Clothing Code if other employers in direct 

competition and producing the same article were permitted to operate under a code which was more :favorable to them. That would 

be unfair competition o:f a most vicious character. 

It was proposed, therefore, that the Administrator designate a 

pants expert who would investigate the extent and character of the 

manufacture o:f pants under the Men's Clothing Code and the extent 

and character of the manufacture of pants which the Men's Clothing 

Code Authority claimed was unfair competition and then make 

recommendations as to administrative determinations in particular 

cases-that is, determination as to whether individual manufacturers 

were properly under the Men's Clothing Code or under the Cotton 

Garment Code. Such an appointment has been made. This action 

does little more than anticipate the action contemplated by Article 

II, Section D of the Cotton Garment Code, which provides that if 
83 

there is a di pute as to whether an employer is subject to the provi-

,:-;jons of the Cotton Garment Code or another code, the dispute shall 

be settled by the two code authorities involved, and in the event of 

a disagreement, by the Administrator. In this case, because quick 

action was desirable, it was assumed that the code authorities would 

be unable to agree and steps have been taken to secure the expert 

advice which will make it possible for the Administrator to render 

equitable decisions. It may be added that this procedure was sugge ted three weeks before it was accepted by the representatives of 

the International Association of Garment Manufacturers, who insisted on two hearings before they consented to an investigation by 

an expert. 

In this connection attention should also be called to the provision 

of Article II of the Code which specifically provides for prompt 

hearings for the further review of the status of cotton wash dresses, 

cotton wash suits, and cotton pants, in order to determine whether 

the definitions shall be modified or eliminated, and the disposition 

to be made of these subdivisional industries. That the Administrator is empowered thus to act is the inarticulate premise of any code, 

but b~ause of the considerations set forth above it is proper in this 

case to make the premise articulate. 

It is not possible here to discuss in detail all the matters which 

were relevant to determination of what, for the time being, the Cotton 

Garment Code should cover. Illustrations have been given of the 

more important problems which had to be settled. After the hearings and while the code was in process of final formulation, a code 

was presented for aprons and nurses' uniforms. It was evident, 

however, that many manufacturers in the International Association 

of Garment :Manufacturers made aprons and nurses' uniforms, and 

that a separate code for these articles would mean that some manufacturers of them would be under one code and some manufacturers 

under another code. This particular problem was easily solved by 

the affiliation of the Apron and Nurses' Uniform Manufacturers' 

Association with the International Association of Garment Manufacturers. The pajama and shirt problems had been settled the same 

way, with the respective trade associations retaining their identity 

and having representation on the Cotton Garment Code Authority. 

For a time the Rain Wear Industry sought to come under the Cotton 

Garment Code on the theory that rain wear has a cotton content. 

Some of the principal manufacturers of rain wear do the bulk of 

their production in rubber articles which are not wearing apparel, 

and a designation of manufacturers of rain wear as manufacturers 

of rubber seemed more satisfactory than any other solution. 

!-lOURS AND WAGES 

It is obvious that with the difficulties described above in respect 

of definitions, the determination of the minimum wages and maximum hours was not a simple problem. It would not have been 

im pie even if there had not been made any demands for differentials 

and preferential treatment. 

In most branches of the industry long hours have been worked 

and low wages have been paid. The earnings of shirt workers have 

been the '"Ubject of a special investigation by the Bureau of Labor 

107723 ·--1465-54---35--2 
84 

Statistics. In 1927 the averaae annual earninas of shirt workers 

were $7 52; in 1931 they were $57 4; and in 1932, $486. The wages 

are so low that the proposed minimum for the northern section of the 

country of $13.00 per week is 78 % higher than the median weekly 

wage reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and should affect 

75% of all the workers. Iri the Heavy Outer Garment Industry 

wage levels are higher. In the Work Shirt Industry wage levels 

are even lower than in shirts and the Code provides that the Work 

Shirt Division shall have an opportunity to make out a case for it 

not being able to pay its employees the minimum which the Code 

provides. Save in the ca e of the Sheep Lined and Leather Garment Industry it seemed impossible at the present time to differentiate in respect of minima for unskilled workers or to afford any 

protection to killed workers above the minimum scale. 

There are no accurate estimates a to the extent of unemployment 

which has existed in the Cotton Garment Industry and no figures 

which would indicate the number of workers who would be unemployed as a result of a limitation of the number of hours. Consequently the number of hours per week has been fixed rather arbitrarily at forty. In certain sections of the country this wi~l be a 

drastic reduction for some of the subdivisions have been working 

fifty and sixty hours per week. The Code Authority is asked to 

report promptly on the reemployment which results from the reduction to forty hours so that the Administrator may decide whether 

there should be a further reduction. 

It was necessary, in the Cotton Garment Code, to make provisions 

for both learners and incapacitated employees so that there could 

be some deviation from the minimum wage scale. vVith respect to 

the first group it was argued that employers could not afford to pay 

the minimum to unskilled workers; that the increased labor costs 

which would result from a minimum :for skilled workers was as 

much as, and perhaps more, than the industry could bear. Unless 

carefully limited, however, permission to employ learners will result 

in widespread evasions of the minimum-wage provisions. Consequently the Code, as recommended, limits the number of learners 

that may be employed in any one establishment at the same time, 

to 10% of the total number of employees; defines learners as those 

that have not been engaged in the industry for more than six weeks 

and stipulates that if on a piecework basis the learner earns more 

than the 75 % of the minimum wage to which he is entitled during 

the learning period, then he shall receive his earnings. The problem of substandard and incapacitated employees also had 

to be dealt with. If no provisions had been inserted in the Code, the 

tendency would have been for employers to dismiss substandard and 

aged employees in order to secure more efficient workers who, on the 

ba is of the prevailing piece rate , woull be able to earn the minimum 

which the Code stipulate . Obviously such a result should be 

avoided and the code, therefore, permits 10% of the total number 

of employees to be in a sub tandard class. 

SouTHERN MANUFACTURERS 

These provisions as to learners and sub tandard employees were of 

great interest to Southern manufacturers. The International Asso-
85 

ciation o:f Garment ::\lanu:facturers has many members in the South 

and at the publi hearings poke :for the entire industry with its truly 

representative character not challenged. The only voice o:f protest 

raised at the public hearing was on behalf of Kentucky and its inclusion in the Southern section o:f the country. 

The delay which occurred between the conclusion o:f the public 

hearings and the recommendation of the Code :for approval afforded 

an opportunity :for Southern protests to gain in number and volume. 

The prote ts came from individual manufacturers and :from the 

Southern Garment :Manufacturers Association, which claimed to be 

much more representative o:f Southern manufacturers than was the 

International Assocation of Garment Manufacturers. These protests 

alleged that the unproductive nature o:f Southern labor warranted 

a larger differential than 21j2¢ per hour, which the Code proposed 

to allow. There was a trong demand also :for a liberalization of the 

learner and sub tandard employee provisions. It was alleged that 

the employees o:f many Southern manufacturers are, in compari on 

with employees o:f Northern manufacturers, so inefficient that if on 

the same piece-rate basis a Northern employee earns the minimum 

the Southern employee will not, and the difference will have to be 

made up by the employer. 

Individual Southern manufacturers· and the Southern Garment 

:Manufacturers Association were given several hearings and every 

opportunity to present data in support of their allegations. Little 

data was presented. There were many general allegations that 

Southern manufacturers as a class would find it hard to operate 

under the Code, but in no case was it shown convincingly :from pay 

rolls or prodnction methods that an employer needed more than 10% 

l~arners or 10% substandard employees or that his average workers 

were less productive than Northern workers. At the same time, the 

Administrator receiv d many protests from individual Southern 

manufacturer against any further differential for the South. The e 

manufacturers said that they were able to operate uccess:fully under 

the provisions which were contemplated and that if other Southern 

manufacturers :found these provisions onerous, the reason was their 

own inefficiency and not the severity o:f the provisions. 

In the absence o:f definite data there was nothing before the Administrator to justify any more preferential treatment o:f Southern 

manufacturers than that which was acceptable to the International 

Association o:f Garment Manufacturers. The Code as recommended, 

however, instructs the Code Authority to make prompt investigations 

and to report to the Administrator the effects of operations unclPr 

its provisions. Specifically in the case o:f substandard employees it is 

provided that "the Cotton Garment Code Authority shall report to 

the Administrator, :from time to time, as to the effects o:f the operation 

o:f this provision both generally and in cases o:f individual hardship 

so that the Administrator may determine whether or not the provisions o:f this section shall be changed or exceptions granted hereunder." This, it is believed, affords Southern manufacturersand other manufacturers as well-a way o:f securing r elief i:f, because o:f peculiar situations, they are entitled to relief and their 

securing it will not permit them to compete unfairly. 

The same principles apply as to the line which is drawn between 

the Northern and Southern Sections o:f the country. The line be-
86 

tween North and South, as drawn in the code, is the line proposed to 

the Administrator as the considered judgment of the manufacturers 

reprE>.sented on the Code Committee of the International Association 

of Garment Manufacturers with one exception: The inclusion of certain factories in the vicinity of Paducah, I\::entucky, in the Southern 

section for a six months' period. The original definition omitted 

Kentucky from the South and many protests were received. Protests were also received against the inclusion of Maryland in the 

North. On the other hand, if Maryland had been included in the 

South there would have been protests from Pennsylvania manufacturers. If Kentucky were in the South, there would be protests 

from Indiana, Missouri, and West Virginia. Protests have already 

been received against the temporary arrangement for Paducah. 

Any line which is drawn will be subject to criticism; for no matter 

where the line is drawn manufacturer,s a few miles on either side of 

it, employing the same class of labor and making the same kind of 

articles, will have wage scales which differ by the amount of the differential which the Code allows. There were no data before the 

Administrator which justified him in disreaarding the recommendation of the International Association of Garment Manufacturers 

in its code as submitted and arbitrarily ruling that the South should 

include certain ,states. The Code as recommended, however, instructs the Code Authority to report to the Administrator with respect to differentials between the Northern and Southern sections of 

the country and the Administrator may determine whether or not 

the line should be redrawn. The South which is entitled to a differential is not the historic South, the climatic South, or the Solid 

South. It is the South in which labor is less productive than in the 

North. A line can be drawn intelligently only if data on lower 

productivity are available. I.f Southern manufacturers present adequate data to the Administrator, then the Administrator can eliminate any injustices which now exist. On the basis of the sentimental 

and historic arguments which were made at the hearings, it was 

impo sible to act. 

CooE AUTHORITY 

At one of the later public hearings the Southern Garment Manufacturers Association raised the question a,s to the truly representative character of the International Association of Garment Manufacturers in respect of the South. The Southern Garment Manufacturers Association asked for an amendment of the Code so that the 

8outh would be represented on the Code Authority. 

It would seem undesirable to write in the Code any provisions for 

sectional representation. The Administrator, under the Code, reerves full powers to re-examine the constitution of the Code Authority and to order its reconstitution so as to make it more representative. The Administrator has authority to appoint one or more 

members to the Code Authority and he will exercise that power to 

appoint for the time being to the Code Authority, a repre entative 

of the Southern Garment Manufacturers Association so that this 

Association will be in a position to bring to the attention of the 

Administrator any situation which will warrant the latter in using 

the power which he reserves to himself und r Article IX, Section D, 

of the Cod,e, 
87 

THE ConE As REVISED AND RECOMMENDED 

The Code, as revised and recommended, may be summarized a~ 

follows: 

Article I states the purposes of the Code. 

Article II gives the definitions. 

Article III establishes forty hours as the maximum number of 

hours per week for manufacturing employees in the Industry and 

its subdivisions. 

Article IV provides a minimum wage of 321/2 ¢ per hour in the 

Northern section and 30¢ per hour in the Southern section, with 

special provisions for operators and cutters in the Sheep Lined and 

Leather Garment Industry and with carefully drafted safeguards 

covering the exceptions of learners and substandard employees. It 

also defines the Southern section of the country and provides for 

various investigations as to the effects of the wage and hour provisions of the Code. 

Article V limits the use of productive machinery, except cutting 

machinery, to one shift. 

Article VI contains the Code's general labor provisions and sets 

forth the mandatory provisions of Section 7 (a) of the National 

Industrial Recovery Act. 

Article VII abolishes home work after three months, with one or 

two minor exceptions. 

Article VIII deals with the sale of prison-made goods. 

Article IX sets up the Cotton Garment Code Authority and 

confers on it certain powers. 

Article X contemplates the presentation of additional codes of 

fair-trade practices for the subdivisional industries under the Code. 

Article XI sets forth certain unfair-trade practices. 

Article XII permits the Code Authority, upon approval of the 

Administrator, if it is deemed necessary, to put into effect certain 

provisions with reference to NRA labels. 

Article XIII reserves to the President the right to amend, cancel, 

and modify any provision of the Code. 

Article XIV declares that nothing in the Code shall be construed 

to promote monopolies. 

Article XV permits applications for exemptions from or a stay 

of the Code. 

Article XVI warns against unnecessary price increases. 

Article XVII makes the effective date of the Code the first Monday following the first Wednesday after the date of approval by 

the President. 

PRISON LABOR 

The Code as submitted by the International Association of Garment Manufacturers contained a provision prohibiting members of 

the industry from manufacturing or causing to be manufactured, 

or acquiring, selling, or distributing prison-made garments and from 

purchasing textiles or raw materials from penal, correctional, or 

reformatory institutions after certain date. 

Protests were received from various prison officials and at least 

one Governor against including in a Code of Fair Competition 
88 

any provision interfering with the sales and distribution of prisonmade goods. The protestants argued that it was essential from 

a social point of view that prisoners be taught a trade and be kept 

busy· that the provision propo ed was an indirect attempt to regulate functions of a State which are exclusively within the prerogatives of a State; that it was impo sible for a Cole under the 

National Industrial Recovery Act to interfere with a manner in 

which States attempt to care for the health and well-being of their 

wards and that the proposed provision w uld unfairly deprive the 

States of a proper source of revenue and directly destroy the valu~ 

of a large amount of invested capital in the form of a plant, good 

will, and general investment. 

On the other hand, the proponents of the Code argued that the 

competition of prison-made goods with goods made by free industry 

wa sufficiently large and so concentrated in certain cases as to permit 

prison producers to dictate the price of certain articles aN.d thus adver ely to affect the wages, hours, and conditions of labor in the free 

branch of the industry. Two examples adduced by the proponents 

of the Code to show the extent of the concentration of prison production were those of work shirts and work pants. In 1932 prisons 

produced and sold on the open market almo t 20,000,000 work shirts. 

The free factories in that year produced 62,000,000 work shirts, or 

about 75% of the total. In the same year, prisons produced almost 

7,000,000 work pants, while the free factories in the industry produced 27,000,000 work pants, or about 80% of the total. It was con- tended by the International Association of Garment :Manufacturers 

that the prison products in each case naturally affected market prices 

and were in a large measure responsible for the substandard labor 

conditions in the industry. 

The interested prison officials did not refute the contention that 

prison competition inevitably underm.ines standards prevailing in 

the free branch of the industry, nor that such continued competition 

would endanger the success of a Code of Fair Competition which 

aimed to raise standards higher than they are at the present time. 

Certain prison officials presented their cases with an eye on their 

own special problems and leaned on the broad shoulders of States' 

Rights and the plea ad hominem that iclieness leads to moral breakdown and violence. The proponents of the Code, on the other hand, argued that they 

were making no attempt to limit the State in its activities or to do 

more than bind those properly subject to their Code of Fair Competition. They conceded idleness of prisoners to be an evil but argued 

that their proposed provisions did not shut the door to educational 

and vocational training and all other prison activities which did not 

compete with free industries. In this connection it should be noted 

that nine states at present do not sell prison products in the open 

market. These states include such thickly populated ar as as New 

Jersey, New York, Ohio, and Massachusetts. Nine States have 

adopted the system of producing for State use alone. Therein lies 

one solution to the problem. Other solutions which have been put 

into practice, are the diversification of products made in prisons and 

increasing emphasis on truly educational and YO ational activities 

instead of on unfair profit seeking factory production. 
89 

The proponents of the Code have an unassailable position in arguing that it would be impossible for manufacturers under the Code 

to stay in business if prison goods continue unfairly to compete with 

goods produced in free plants; that this competition in the past has 

led to sweat-shop and substandard conditions in the open branch of 

the industry and that unless checked it will be impossible for manufacturers to meet the standards of operation of the Code and stay in 

business. The proponents of the Code are on unassailable ~round 

as well, in arguing that the elimination of prison competition 1n Cotton Garments will not make more acute social problems which many 

prisons have seriously attempted to solve but which other prisons 

have been holding up as a shield to doak profit seeking and 

exploitation. 

FINDINGS 

The Administrator finds that: 

(a) The Code complies in all respects with the pertinent provisions 

of T1tle I of the Act, including without limitation subsection (a) of 

Section 7 and subsection (b) of Section 10 thereof; and that 

(b) The International Association of Garment Manufacturers 

imposes no inequitable restrictions on admission to membership 

therein and is truly representative of the Cotton Garment Industry; 

and that 

(c) The Code is not designed to promote monopolies or to eliminate or oppress small enterprises and will not operate to discriminate 

against them, and will tend to effectuate the policy of Title I of the , National Industrial Recoverv Act. 

I recommend that the Code be approved. 

Respectfully, 

HuGHS. JoHNSON, 

Administrator. 
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

COTT·ON GARMENT INDUSTRY 

ARTICLE I-PURPOSES 

To effectuate the policy of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act and aid in reducing and relieving unemployment, improving the standards of labor, and eliminating competitive practices 

destructive of the. interests of the public, employees, and employer , 

the following _provisions shall constitute the Code of Fair Competition for the Cotton Garment Industry and shall be binding upon 

every member thereof. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

A. As u.sed ·in tMs code the term "Cotton Gmrment lndu.stry" 

means and includes the production by any of the following p1·ocesses: 

(a) cutting, (b) creasing, (c) sewing (all or part of the ga'T'1'JUnt), 

(d) trimming, (e) pressing, (f) finishing, (g) examining and in- specting, (h) boxing, or all of them, of any article o1· garment lcnoton 

as (1) work clothing, work garments, work pants, and ch£ldren's play 

suits; (B) men's shirts, including knitted outer shirts and polo 

shirts; (3) boys' shirts and blou.ses; (4) boys' wash suits; (5) work 

shirts of any material, including flann l shirts; ( 6) pajama.s and 

nightshirts; (7) men's collars; (8) dresses of linen or of chief content 

of cotton selling at wholesale to the retailer up to and including 

$B2.50 per dozen; (9) oiled cotton garments; (10) men's and boys' 

pants, when made in work clothing factories; (11) sheep lined and 

leather ga'T'1'JUnts; (12) nurses' and maids' aprons and unifor?ns; (13) 

wa.shable service apparel; (14) men's wa.sh suits of one hundred percent (100%) cotton content, when made in work-clothing factories in 

conjwnction with work clothing; (15) women's and 1nisses' pajamas, 

sleeping wear, and undergarments of woven fabrics (other than the 

so-called athletic type), when such gannents, excl/u ive of trim1nings, 

are made of one hundred percent (100%) cotton fabrics.l 

B. The term "Washable Service Apparel " as used herein is defined to mean cotton coats; trousers; waitresses', nurses, and maids' 

service garments, aprons, service caps, and other kindred ervice 

garments manufactured for direct distribution to linen supply service 

companies, hotels, hospitals, institutions, and other consumers. C. If and when, because of the character of any product made by 

any employer, or by any subdivisional industry, there arises any 

1 Italicized words added by Amendment No. 1, approved Der. 18. 1!1 ~ ; \mcndment 

No. 4, approved Mar. 22, 1934; and Amendment No. 8, approved Sept. 27 , 1!>34. 

(90) 
91 

dispute as to whether such product is covered by the provisions of 

this or another code, the code authorities concerned will report to 

the Administrator the code under which such product properly 

belongs and in the event that the code authorities are unable to 

agree within a reasonable time, the Administrator may, after notice 

and hearing, decide under which code the product or subdivisional 

industry manufacturing the same is covered. 

D. The term "member of the industry" includes anyone engaged 

in the industry as above defined, either as an employer or on his 

own behalf. 

E. The term "Manufacturer" as used herein means and includes 

(1) anyone who buys materials and manufactures them under the 

processes named in subsection A of Article II hereof into finished 

garments, (2) anyone who buys the materials and performs the 

cloth-cutting operation and contracts other operations, retaining 

legal title to the goods, or (3) a contractor who receives materials 

in cut form and does the sewing operations and any additional 

operations (except cutting). 

F. The term "contractor" as used herein mean and includes anyone engaged in the making of cut materials into finished products 

suitable for use but not intended for his own distribution, who owns 

and operates his own plant, hires his own labor for that purpose, 

but who receives cut-piece goods from another for the purpose of 

making same into finished garments and who in the operation of 

his business renders this service in the course of an independent 

occupation, the relationship being such that legal title to the goods 

to be manufactured is retained by the one for whom the contractor 

is finishing the product. 

G. The term "manufacturing employee" as used herein means 

and includes anyone who is engaged in (a) cutting, (b) creasing, 

(c) sewing (all or part of the garment), (d) trimming, (e) pressing, 

(f) examining, (g) inspecting, or (h) finishing, of any garment 

produced in the industry. 

H. The term" nonmanufacturing employee" as used herein means 

and includes all persons engaged in the Cotton Garment industry, 

but not included in any of the classifications of subsection H above. 

I. The term "employer" means anyone by whom any such employee is compensated or employed. 

J. The terms "President", "Act", and "Administrator" as used 

herein mean re pectively the President of the United States, the 

National Industrial Recovery Act, and the Administrator of said 

Act. 

ARTICLE III-HoURs 

A. On and after October 1, 1934, no manufacturing employee 

shall be permitted to work in excess of tluirty-six (36) hours in any 

one week nor in excess of eight (8) hours in any one day, except as 

herein otherwise provided. The Industrial Oom;mittee, to the extent 

provided in A rtiole XV hereof, may make sv;oh determinations of 

applications for exceptions andjor exemptions from the provisions 

of this S ection as it may deem proper and necessary, subject to the 

107723°----1465-54----35----3 
92 

disapproval of the Adm.inistrator as pr01Jided therein. No nonmanufacturing employee shall be permitted to work in excess of 

forty (40) hours in any one week. 2 

B. No office employee (including accounting, clerical, and stenographic help) shall be permitted to work in excess of 40 hours per 

week averaged over any three months' period. Secretaries, factory 

department heads, and executives earning more than $35.00 pe.r 

wook are exempted from this provision. 

C. The provision for maximum hours constitutes the maximum 

hours of labor per week for the employee covered so that under no 

circumstances will such an employee be. employed or be permitted 

to work for one or more employers in the industry in the aggregate 

in excess of the prescribed number of hours in a single day or single 

week. 

ARTicLE IV-vv AGEs 

A. On and after December 1, 1934, except as hereinafter provided, 

no employee shall be paid at less than the rate of Twelve Dollars 

($12.00) per thirty-six (36) howr week in the Southern area, nor 

at less than the rate of Thirteen Dollar8 ($13.00) per thirty-six (36} 

hour week in the Northern area. Week workers andjor time workers receiving above the 1ninimum wage prior to this amendment 

shall be paid at not less than the sam~ wage per thirty-six (36) 

hour week that they were paid per forty (40) hour week. Piece 

rates shall be increased by not less toon 10% over and above the 

piece rates prevailing as of May 1, 1934, but in no event shall piece 

workers receive less toon the minimum weekly wage herein provided. 

B. On and after December 1, 1934, in the Sheep-Lined and Leather 

Garment Industry, no manufacturring employee shall be paid at less 

toon the rate of Fowrteen Dollars ($14.00) per week. No operator 

sMll be pwicl at less tha:n the rate of 45¢ per hour; and no short 

knife cutter shall be paid at less than the rate of 75¢ per howr. 

Manufacturing employees shail receive not less than thirty-six (36) 

hours than they received for forty (40) howrs. Piece rates shall 

be increased by not less than 10% over and abov·e the piece 'rates 

prevailing May 1, 1934. 

0. The nu1nber of lemrners employed at {l;'WJf ti11U3 in the Cotton 

Garment Industry or in a manufactwrer's plant or factory shall 1wt 

exceed ten (10%) percent of the total number of manufacturing 

employees in said plant. A learner shall be classified as a person 

who has worked in this industry for a period of not more toon twelve 

(12) weeks in whatsoever capacity. Learners sooll be paid not less 

than the following: 

First tour weelcs __ _________ ___________ ____ __ ___ 50% of the mtinfmAitm wage 

Second tour weeks_ _________________ ___________ _ 66%% of the minimum wage 

Th!ird tour week8 ______________ _______________ __ _ 80% of the miwimum wage 2 

D. Each member of the industry shall make periodic reports, as 

required by the Cotton Garment Code Authority, showing in each 

2 Italicized words added by Amendment No. 7, approved Aug. 21, 1934, effective Dec. 

1, 1934, and Executive Order No. 6871, approved Oct. 12, 1934. 
93 

instance the number and names of learners employed and the extent 

of time so employed. 

E. A person whose earning capacity is limited beoawse of age, 

physical or 11Wnta2 handicap, or other infirmity, may be employed 

on light work at a wage below the minimwm established by this 0 ode, if the employer obtains from the State Authority, designated by 

the United States Depart11Wnt of Labor, a certificate authorizing his 

employment at such wages and for such hours as shall be stated in 

the certificate. Su.ch authority shall be guided by the instructions 

of the United States Department of L abor in issuing certificat es to 

such persons. Each employer shall fil e monthly with the 0 ode Au- thority a list of all such persons employed by him, showing the 

wages paid to and the maximwm hours of ork for such employee. 3 

F. For the purpose of this Article, the states which shall be 

included in the southern section are: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, 

Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia. All other states 

and the District of Columbia shall be included within the northern 

section of the industry, except that for a period of not to exceed 

six months after the effective date of this Code the northern-section 

provisions of this Article shall not apply to factories operating under 

this Code which have been established between January 1, 1933, and 

September 1, 1933, in the area within 50 miles of the northern boundaries of Tennessee and Arkansas. 

G. The Cotton Garment Code Authority shall, from time to time, 

report to the Administrator as to the effect of the operation of Section F, so that the Administrator may determine whether or not the 

provisions of that section shall be changed. The differentials provided for in this Article as between the northe.rn and southern sections shall not apply to the Sheep Lined and Leather Garment 

Industry. 

H. No changes in piece-rates and no increases in the amount of 

production or work of week workers shall be made for the purpose 

of evading the benefits to manufacturing employees prescribed by 

this Code in respect of wages and hours of employment. All 

requirements in respect of such increases shall be reported to the 

Cotton Garment Code Authority and failure to so report shall 

constitute a prima facie violation of this section. 

I. The Work Clothing and Work Shirt Industries of the Cotton 

Garment Industry, may present to the Administrator such memoranda as the said Work Clothing and vVork Shirt Industries may 

deem proper in relation to the effect of the minimum wage scale of 

this Article and other economic factors, upon the sale price of work 

clothing and work shirts manufactured in such industries, so that 

the Administrator, after due notice and hearing, may determine 

whether any changes shall be made in the wage provisions of this 

Code with respect to the. Work Clothing and Work Shirt Industries. 

J. This Article establishes a minimum rate of pay, regardless of 

whether ~n employee is compensated on a time-rate, piecework, or 

other basiS. 
94 

IC. The Cotton Garment Code Authority shall, as soon as prac, 

ticable, set up a committee to investigate the wage scale for cutters, 

to determine whether the wages paid said cutters tend to effectuate 

the purposes of the National Industrial Recovery Act. The said 

committee shall al o investigate differentials in wages paid to other 

employees receiving above the minimum to determine whether such 

differentials permit unfair competition in the Cotton Garment 

Industry. 

L. Nothing in this Code shall be construed to interfere with, alter, 

change, or abrogate any existing contract between employer and 

employee in respect of wages above the minimum, or hours below 

the maximum herein provided. 

ARTICLE V-MAcHINERY CoNTROL 

A. No member of the Cotton Garment Industry shall oper~te productive machinery used in any of the processes enumerated in Section A of Article II, except cutting machinery, for mo-re than one 

shift of 40 hours per week. If any member of the Cotton Garment 

Industry has customarily operated productive machinery on a doubleshift basis, said member of the Industry may make representations 

to the Cotton Garment Code Authority as to the facts and conditions 

requiring more than a single-shift basis in his particular plant or 

plants and may request a special exemption to operate on a doubleshift basis; it being agreed that such application may be granted by 

the Administrator upon recommendation of the Code Authority, 

but only for the purpose of meeting contractual obligations existing 

on the effective date, or of preventing discharge of employees, or of 

otherwise removing any unusual difficulties or hardships in the 

application of this Article. Any deviations from the provisions of 

this section, however, shall be deemed a violation of the Code unless 

the said application is made and approved as provided herein. 

ARTICLE VI-GEKERAL LABOR PROVISIONS 

A. No person under 16 years of age shall be employed In the 

Industry. 

B. Employees shall have the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall be 

free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of 

labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or 

in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose 

of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. 

C. No employee and no one seeking employment shall be required 

as a condition of employment to join any company union or to refrain 

from joining, organizing, or assisting a labor organization of his own 

choosing, and 

D. Employers shall comply with the maximum hours o-f labor, 

minimum rates of pay, and other conditions of employment, approved or prescribed by the President. 

E. vVithin each State this Code shall not supersede any laws of 

such State imposing more stringent requirements on employers regu-
95 

lating the age of employees, wages, hours of labor, or health, fire, or 

general working condition than under this Code. 

F. Employers shall not reclassify employees or duties of occupation performed by employees so as to defeat the purposes of the Act. 

G. Each employer shall post in conspicuous places acce sible to 

employees full copies of this Code or all portions of this Code concerning labor and working conditions. 

ARTIOLE VII-HoM:E WORK 

A. After three months from the effective. date, no member of the 

industry shall have any sewing-machine work done on any garment or 

any part thereof in the private home of any worker, but all such 

sewing-machine work shall be done in the plant of the member of the 

industry producing such garment; provided, however, that any member of the industry may apply to the Cotton Garment Code Authority 

for exemption from the provisions of this Article for what is known 

in the trade as turning collars which have a laundry wash in the 

factory before shipping, provided, also, that home work on hand 

embroidery, which is incidental to the manufacture of cotton ga-rments, may continue, and that within three months the Cotton Garment Code Authority shall report on the home-work problem so that 

the Administrator, after due notice and hearing, may determine 

whether or not this provision shall be changed. Each member of the 

industry shall report at once to the Cotton Garment Code Authority 

the names of any individuals employed under the provisions of this 

section and the reasons for such employment, and after the effective 

date, no member of the industry shall increase the number of persons 

so employed prior to July 15, 1933. 

ARTICLE VIII-PRISON LABOR 

A. No member of the industry shall manufacture or cause to be 

manufactured, acquire, sell, or distribute any garment, textiles, or 

supplies produced by prisoners, except prisoners on parole, or produced in any tax-maintained penal or reformatory institutjons; 

except that any member of the industry who, prior to September 1, 

1933, entered into a bona fide contract for the purchase of any 

garments or textiles made by prisoners, may, until January 1, 1934, 

accept delivery of said garments or texti1es included within the 

terms of said contract, and may thereafter sell those particular garments, or garments made from those particular textiles. 

B. Provided, however, that the provisions of paragraph A are 

hereby stayed until January 1, 1934, for the purpose of permitting 

those states of the United States, which so choose, to formulate, 

enter into, and make effective a compact or agreement, and thereby 

satisfying the Administrator that merchandise produoed in the penal 

institutions of any state signatory to the said compact or agreement 

(with the exception of goods, wares, and merchandise produced or 

mined by any prison solely for the use of tax-supported institutions, 

agencies, departments, or activities of any tate or its political subdivisions) is manufactured, sold, and distributed only upon a fair 

basis of competition with private industry. 
96 

C. When and so long as any penal institution, by subscribing to, 

complying with, and making effective the Code or compact hereinbefore referred to, or a binding agreement of any other nature, atisfies the Administrator that merchandise produced in whole or in 

part in such institution or by the inmates thereof is bein g produced 

and sold upon a fair competitive basis with similar merchandise not 

so produced, the provisions of paragraph A hereof shall not apply to 

any merchandise produced in such manner in the institution covered 

by such agreement, but otherwise paragraph A hereof hall apply 

to such prison-made products. 

D. Any member of this industry or subsidiary thereof making any 

contracts with prisons for labor of prisoners or prison products shall 

report the facts in writing to the Administrator and file with the 

Administrator a copy of any such contract. 

E. The Cott.on Garment Code Authority shall as soon as practicable after the effective date, make such rules and regulations as may 

tend to effectuate the policy of the National Industrial Recovery Act 

and aid in the observance of the provisions of this Code with respect 

to the sale and distribution of cotton garments or parts thereof made 

in whole or in part by the inmates of private or semi-public charitable reformatory institutions other than prisons. 

F. Nothing in this Article shall be construed to supersede or interfere with the operation o_f the Act of Congress approved January 19, 

1929, entitled "An Act to Divest Goods, Wares, and Merchandise 

Manufactured, Produced or Mined by Convicts or Prisoners of their 

Interstate Character in Certain Cases", or the provisions of any 

State legislation enacted or made effective thereunder. 

ARTICLE IX-ADMINISTRATION 

A. Further to effectuate the policy of this Act, a Cotton Garment 

Code Authority is hereby set up to cooperate with the Administrator 

in the administration of this Code and shall be constituted as 

follows: 

B. The International Associations of Garment Manufacturers, 

with the collaboration of the industries affiliated, shall select as members of the Cotton Garment Code Authority one representative from 

such of the following associations or subdivisional groups as it may 

satisfy the Administrator are truly representative and comply with 

the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act: 

1. The National Association of Shirt Manufacturers. 

2. The National Boys' Blouse and Shirt Manufacturers' Association. 

3. The National Pajama Manufacturers' Council, Inc. 

4. The Association of Collar Manufacturers. 

5. The National Work Clothes Manufacturers' Association. 

6. The Union Made Garment :Manufacturers' Association. 

7. The Work Shirt Manufacturers' National Association. 

8. The National Sheep Lined and Leather Garment Association. 

9. The As ociated. Pants Manufacturers of America. 

10. The National Association of HCYUSe Dress ilfanufact7urers, lnc.u 

•a Italicized words added by Amendment No. 8, approved Sept. 2:7, 1934. 
97 

11. The National Oiled Cotton Garment Manufacturers' Association. 

12. The National Association of Nurses and Maids Aprons and 

Uniforms. 

13. Shirt Institute, Inc. 

14. The National Association of Men's Shirts and Boys' Blouse 

Contractors. 

15. Associated Manufacturers of Washable Service Apparel, Inc. 

16. Assoaiation of Cotton VndergGJrment a:fl,d Sleeping Garment 

M a.nufactwrers. 4 

And such other associations as may from time to time, with the approval of the Administrator, be placed under the provisions of this 

Code. Alternates may be appointed to represent members unable 

to be present, but all such members and alternates of the Cotton Garment Code Authority shall in each case be persons actually engaged 

in the operation of a business in the respective industries. 

The Administrator may appoint four members on nomination of 

the labor Advisory Board. 

The Administrator, at his discretion, may appoint not more than 

three additional members to represent the Administrator, and additional members to represent such groups or interests as he may deem 

entitled to representation. 

C. Each trade or industrial association directly or indirectly participating in the selection or activities of the Code Authority shall: 

(1) Impose no inequitable restrictions on membership, and (2) submit 

to the Administrator true copies of its articles of association, by-laws, 

regulations, and any amendments when made thereto, together with 

such other information as to membership, organization, and activities 

as the Administrator may deem necessary to effectuate the purposes 

of the Act. 

D. In order that the Code Authority shall at all times be truly 

representative of the industry and in other respects comply with the 

provisions of the Act, the Administrator may provide such hearings 

as he may deem proper; and thereafter if he shall find that the Code 

Authority is not truly rep.resentative or does not in other respects 

comply with the provisions of the Act, may require an appropriate 

modification in the method of selection of the Code Authority. 

E. The Cotton Garment Code Authority shall have the power to 

make investigations and to conduct hearings to ascertain whether 

members of the industry are complying with the provisions of this 

Code. 

F. The Cotton Garment Code Authority shall select its chairman, 

may employ such personnel as may be required for the effective discharge of its functions, and may set up such administrative committees as may be necessary to aid divisional industries in the administration and observance of this Code. 

G. Members of the Industry shall be entitled to participate in and 

share in the benefits of the activities of the Code Authority and to 

participate in the selection of the members thereof by assenting to 

and complying with the requirements of this Code and sustaining 

'Italicized words added by Amendment No. 4, approved Mar. 22, 1934. 
98 

their reasonable share of the expenses of its administration. The 

reasonable share of the expenses of administration shall be determined by the Code Authority, subject to review by the Administrator, on the basis of volume of business and/ or such other factors 

as may be deemed equitable to be taken into consideration. Expenditures authorized by the Code Authority shall not exceed an amount 

reasonably necessary for the administration of this Code. 

H. Nothing contained in this Code shall constitute the members 

of the Code Authority partners for any purpose ; nor shall any 

members of the Code Authority be liable in any manner to anyone 

for any act of any other member, officer, agent, or employee of the 

Code Authority exercising reasonable diligence in the conduct of his 

duties hereunder, nor be liable to anyone for any action or omission 

to act under the Code, except for his own willful misfeasance or 

nonfeasance. 

I. The Code Authority shall have the following duties and powers 

to the extent permitted by the Act, subject to the ~ight of the Administrator on review to veto any action taken by the Code Authority: 

(a) To adopt by-laws and rules and regulations for its _Procedure 

and for the administration and enforcement of the Code, In accordance with the powers herein granted, and to submit the same to the 

Administrator for his approval, together with true copies of any 

amendments or additions when made thereto, minutes of meetings 

when held, and such other information as to its activities as the 

Administrator may deem necessary to effect the purposes of the Act. 

(b) Set up rules and regulations governing the making of returns 

and reports by members of the industry as to 

1. Production. 

2. Machine hours. 

3. Labor hours and pay-roll account. . (The aforesaid reports shall be made not less than every three 

months, and at such other times as the Cotton Garment Code Authority may determine; provided that no member of the industry 

shall have access to the confidential returns and data reported by the 

individual members, but all such data sha.ll be correlated, tabulated, 

or otherwise presented in such manner as to avoid disclosure of 

individual plant operations, except when its use is necessary to prove 

or disprove a complaint or violation of this Code.) 

(c) Prepare for, order, receive, collate, and analyze such additional reports as to any phase of the Cotton Garment Industry as 

may be required from time to time by the Administrator for the 

purpose of informing the President as to the observance of this Code 

or the situation within the industry with respect to the operation 

thereof. 

(d) Set up such commissions, bureaus, or committees as may be 

necessary: 

1. To recommend to the Administrator the establishment of a system of uniform cost accounting, which upon approval of the Administrator shall be binding upon all members of the industry; 

2. To investigate and make recommendations to the Admini trator 

concerning control or balancing of production, distribution, and consumption of products of the industry and the stabilization of the 

industry with respect to production and employment; 
99 

3. To report to the Administrator with respect to differentials 

between the northern and southern sections of the industry; 

4. To investigate and report to the Administrator on the subject of 

differentials as between urban and rural wage minjmums or such 

adjustments as may be necessary in connection therewith; 

5. To aid in the adjustment of contracts made prior to August 1st 

for future delivery where the costs of executing same are increased 

through the operation of the National Industrial Recovery Act or the 

provisions of this Code, it being interpreted as equitable and promotive of the purposes of the Act that appropriate adjustments of such 

contracts to reflect sue~ increased costs be made. Any dispute arising 

under this provision should be settled by amicable agreement, or if 

that is not possible, should be referred to arbitration, and the Code 

Authority shall offer all assistance possible; 

6. To investigate and report to the Administrator, with such recommendations as may be deemed necessary, looking to the control in 

this industry of undue expansion of productive machinery capacity; 

7. To investigate and make such recommendations to the President as may tend to effectuate the National Industrial Recovery Act 

and the provisions of this Code in respect to imports, or, upon 

inVlestigation to make application to the President to exercise his 

authority as to imports under Section 3 (e) of theN ational Industrial 

Recovery Act; 

8. To collaborate with members of the industry and with the 

Administrator for the purpose of recommending from time to time 

changes in or additions to this Code; 

9. To prepare and present to the President for his approval such 

additional Codes of fair trade practice as may be necessary or 

expedient in the conduct of the industry or any of the particular 

industries subject to this Code; 

10. To do and perform all other acts necessary to carry out any 

of the provisions of this Code or the provisions of the National 

Industrial Recovery Act or the requirements of the Administrator 

in connection with this Code; 

11. To recommend to the Administrator through the Divisional 

Code Authorities uniform systems of cost accounting which shall 

be designed to effectuate fair competition in the divisional industries 

subject to the aforesaid Code Authorities. 

12. The Code Authority may recommend to the Administrator 

provisions regarding the use of an N .R.A. label or insignia other 

than that provided for in Article II and rules or regulations with 

respect to the issuance and use of such insignia. 

J. Except where otherwise provided herein, all recommendations 

made by the Cotton Garment Code Authority shall, upon approval 

of the President, become part of this Code and shall thereafter be 

binding upon all those engaged in the industries subject to this Code. 

K. All data, records, statistics, information, or other material 

gathered by the Cotton Garment Code Authority shall at all times 

be available to the Administrator. In ·addition to the information 

required to be submitted to the Code Authority, there shall be furnished to government agencies such statistical information as the 
100 

Admini tr·ator may deem necessary for the purposes recited in Section 3 (a) of the Act. 

L. Any power or authority delegated herein to the Code Authorit. 

shall be subj ect to the rio-ht of the Administrator to review and veto 

any action taken by the Code Authority; any particular provision or 

jmplied delegation herein to the contrary notwithstanding. 

M. The Cotton Garment Code Authority may, wpon swbmission to 

and approval by the Adm.ini8trator of its proposed Certificate of 

Incorporation and By-La;uJs, incorporate under the laws of (JJTI,y State 

of the United States, or of the District of Columbia; l~ corpmYt- tion to be known as the Cotton Garment Code Authority, Ine. The 

powers, objects and purpose-s of the said Corporation shall in all 

respects be limited to the powers; objects and purposes of the Cotton 

Ga1·ment Code A 'l.dhority, as provided in this Code and the ewistooce 

of the Corporation shall be during the term of the Code. 5 

ABTICLE X-ADDITIONAL CoDES 

A. Such of the provisions of this Code as are not required to be 

included therein by the National Industrial Recovery Act may, with 

the approval of the President, be modified or eliminated as changes 

in circumstances or experience may indicate. It is contemplated 

that from time to time supplementary provisions of this Code or 

additional Codes will be submitted for the approval of the President 

to prevent unfair competition in price and other unfair and destructive competitive practices and to effectuate the other purposes and 

policies of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act consistent 

with the provisions thereof. 

B. Codes of Fair Practices may be submitted with the approval of 

subdivisional trade associations, and if approved by the President in 

accordance with Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, such 

Code or Codes shall be administered by such Trade Associations. 

ABTICLE XI-UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES 

A. It shall be deemed an unfair trade practice and a violation of 

this Code of Fair Competition for any member of the Cotton Garment Industry to hold himself out, or advertise or otherwise represent himself as a "manufacturer" unless the cutting or sewing of 

garments is included within the processes of his factory or plant; 

provided, however, that nothing in this section shall be construed 

to relieve anyone engaged in (a) cutting, (b) creasing, (c) trimming, (d) sewing, (e) pressing, or (f) finishing, or all o:f them, 

from the hour, wa.ge, and production and other provisions of this 

Code. 

B. It shall be an unfair trade practice for any member of the 

industry to send out work to any "contractor" to be made into a 

garment by said contractor which shall include the cutting of the 

material by said contractor and all work sent to a contractor by 

a member of the industry must be cut in the member's own factor. 

or plant. And it shall be an unfair trade practice :for any contractor to accept from any one any uncut material or textile :for the 

o Ita.li.cized words added by Amendment No. 6, approved Aug. 21, 1934. 
101 

purpose of producing from same a garment. Provided, however, 

that this provision shall become effective January 1, 1934, and that 

thereafter only those contractors may cut who obtain express permission from the Code Authority, with the concurrence of the 

Administrator, upon duly showing their financial responsibility and 

ability to comply with the wage and hours provisions of this Code 

and further that their continuance of cutting operations will not 

tend to defeat the purposes of the National Industrial Recovery Act 

and this Code. 

C. It shall be an unfair trade practice and a violation of this Code 

for any member of the Cotton Garment Industry to sell or offer for 

sale merely cut but unsewn and unfinished garments and any person 

selling or offering for sale any merely cut but unsewn and unfinished 

products, shall be deemed to have violated this Code and be subject 

to the penalties provided in the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

D. The Standa1·ds of Fair Comp-etition for the I'JUltu.sf)ry with referenoe to pricing praotices are dgolared to be as follows: · 1. (a) Wilfully dest'f"UCtive price cutting is an unfair method of 

compgtition and is forbidden. Any membe-r of the Industry or of 

any other industry or the customers of either m.ay at any time complain to the Code Authority that any quoted price constitutes wnfair 

competition as destructive price cutting, imperz7ing snuill enterprise 

or tending toward monopoly or the impariNnent of code waggs and 

working condition.<S. 

The Code Authority shall u-ithin five (5) days (})!ford an opportwnity to the member quoting the price to an.<Swerr such complaint and 

8lwll within fowrteen (14) days make a ruiling or adjustment thereon. 

If such ruling is not concurred in by either party to the complaint, 

all papers shall be ref erred to the Re8earch and Planning Division of 

N RA which shall render (}) report and recomn-wnda.tion thereon to the 

Administrator. 

(b) When no declared emergency eadsts as to any given product, 

there is to be no fimed minim'lllm b(LSis for prices. It is intended that 

sound cost estimating methods should be used and that consideration 

should be given to costs in the determination of pricing policies. 

(c) When an emergency exists as to any given prodwct, sale below 

the stated 1nini1nuvn1 price of such product, ·in violation of Section 93 

hereof is forbidden. 

93. Emer,qency Provisions.-(a) If the Adminutrator, after investigation, shall at any time fi;nd both (1) that an emergency has arisen 

within the Industry adversely affecting smmll enterprises or wages 

or labor oondition.s, or tending toward monopoly or other acute conditions which tend to defeat the purposes of the Act; and (93 ) that 

the determination of a stated minimum price for a specified product 

within the Industry for a limited period is necessary to mitigate the 

condition.s oonstituting 81.teh emergency and to effectuate the purposets 

of the Act, the Code Authority may cause an impartial agency to 

investigate costs and to recommend to the Administrator a determ~'nation of a stated minimum price of the product affected by the emergency and thereupon the Administrator 'lfi4Y proceed to determine 

such stated minimum price. 
102 

(b) When the Administrator shall have determined such stated 1ninin~~wn price for a specified product fo?' a stated period, which 

p1'ice shall be re<Monably calculated to 'rnitigate the conditions of 

sucl-1, emergency and to effectuate the purposes of the National Indu-strial Recovery Act, he shall publish such pnce. Thereafter, 

durin[! such stated period, no member of the· Industry shall sell such 

specified produ.cts at a net realized price below said stated minimum 

price and any such sale shall be deemed destructive pnce cutting. 

From time to tim~, the 0 ode Authority vwy recommend review or 

reconsideration or the Adv~inistrator vwy cause any determination 

hereunder to be reviewlf3d or reconsidered amd appropnate action 

taken. 

3. Oost Finding.-The Oode Authority shall cause to be formulated methods of cost finding and accounting capable of use by all 

me1nbers of the Ind'IJJStry, and shall 8'1-()bmit swch methods to the 

Administrator for review·. If approved by the Administrator, full 

information concerning su.ch method& shall be vwde available to all 

members of the Industry. Thereafter, each member of the Indu8-

try shall utilize such 1nethods to the extent found practicable. N othing herein contained shall be construed to perm.it the Oode Authority, 

any aqent thereof, or any member of the Industry to suggest wniform 

additions, percentages of differentials or other uniform items of cost 

which are de8igned to bring about arbitrary uniformity of costs or 

prices. 3 

E. It shall be an wnfair trade practice and a violation of this Oode 

to attach N. R. A . labels issued hereunder to any garment not 8pecifically included within this Oode. 3

a 

ARTICLE XII-GARMENT lDENTIFICA TION 

The Cotton Garment Code Authority may with respect to any of 

the products covered by this Code, if deemed necessary, put into 

effect the following provisions with respect to an N.R.A. label or 

insignia, upon the approval of the Administrator: 

A. Every such garment produced by any person subject to the 

provisions of this Code shall bear an insignia, the purpose of which 

shall be to aid as a means of enforcing the purposes of the provisions 

of this Code by tracing the garment to its origin. Garments bearing 

a recognized trade-union insignia indicating the origin of said garment shall not be required to bear the additional insignia required 

by this Section. Every manufacturer engaged in the industry shall 

apply to the Cotton Garment Code Authority for permission to use 

insignia herein provided for, and each application, when approved, 

shall be given a registered identification and every garment manufactured thereafter by the applicant shall bear said registered identification except as provided above. The Code Authority shall charge 

no more than the actual cost of production and distribution of the 

dies, labels, or insignia, provided for herein. 

B. The Cotton Garment Code Authority, with the approval of the 

Administrator, shall determine the insignia to be u ed under the 

s Italicized words added by Amendment No. 7, approved Aug. 21, 1934. 3a See footnote 4•, p. 97. 
103 

provisions of this article and shall make such rules and regulations 

as to the use and location of the insignia on any particular gan11ent 

as may be deemed practical or necessary. It is understood that the 

location of the insignia on the garment is to be in an inconspicuous 

position such as the skirt of a shirt, " size label " on overalls, etc. 

C. The Cotton Garment Code Authority shall set up an Insignia 

Registration Bureau for the purpose of carrying out the provisions 

of this article. 

ARTICLE XIII-l\10DTFICATIONS 

A. This Code and all the provisions thereof are expressly made 

ubject to the right of the President, in accordance with the proviions of Section 10 (b) of the National Industrial Recovery Act, 

from time to time to cancel or modify any order, approval, license, 

rule, or regulation issued under Title I of said Act, and specifically, 

but without limitation, to the right of the President to cancel or 

modify his approval of this Code or any conditions imposed by him 

upon his approval thereof. 

ARTICLE XIV-MONOPOLIES 

A. No proviSion of this Code shall be so applied as to permit 

monopolies or monopolistic practices or to eliminate or oppress 

small enterprises or discriminate against them. 

ARTICLE XV-OPERATION AND APPLICATION 

A. This Code shall be in operation on and after the effective date 

as to the whole Cotton Garment Industry as described herein, except 

as an exemption from or a stay of the application of this provision 

may be granted by the Administrator to a member applying for 

same, in accordance with rules and regulations of the administrator. 

B. A Committee is hereby established to be known as the Industrial Committee, to be appointed by the Administrator on the nomination vf the following: Three members by the Code Authority to 

represent the Industry and three members by the Labor Advisory 

Board of which one shall be without Union affiliation. The six so 

selected shall select a Chairman to be app1·oved by the Administrator. The powers and duties of this committee shall be as follows: 

All applications for exceptions and/ or exemptions fr01n any of 

the provisions of this Code shall be considered by the C01nntittee 

hereby established and the Com1nittee shall make such determinations as it may deem proper and necessary after due consideration. 

1. The Industrial Committee shall forward to the Administrator 

any and all of its deterndnations, and its reasons therefor, within 

twenty-four (24) hours of the time of such determinations, which 

shall bec01ne effective five (5) days after the date of receipt thereof 

by the Administrator, unless prior thereto disapproved by the Administrator, subject, however, to the f1t1·ther order of the Administrator. All decisions of the Industrial Committee shall be posted at 

the office of t-he Cotton Garment Code Authority at a place regularly 

designated for such puTpose, together with a notice that all parties 

objecting thereto may file their objections with the Administrator. 
104 

!3. The Industrial Committee in making determinations on any 

of the labor provisions of this Code shall be bound by the following: 

(a) Any ov·erti1ne period granted to any member of the Industry 

shall be upon the condition that tin1-e and one-half shall be paid to 

any e1nployee U'lw works in excess of the rnaxin~wrn hours permitted 

herein pursuant to the determination of the Industrial Committee. 

In cases of undue hardship created by virtue of this provision, the 

Committee n~ay up to forty (40) hours per week grant this exception 

at the regular howrly rate. 

3. The Industrial C omn~ittee shall make determinations promptly 

upon receipt of exemptions andjor exceptions and shall within 

twenty-four (24) howrs after decision report its findings to the nwmbers of the Industry making such applications. 3 

C. The provisions of this Code shall not apply to manufacturing 

operations carried on outside the Continental portion of the United 

States. 

ARTICLE XVI-PRICE INCREASES 

A. Whereas the policy of the Act to increase real purchasing 

power will be made impossible of consummation if prices of goods 

and services increase as rapidly as wages, it is recognized that price 

increases should be delayed and that, when made, the same should, 

so far as reasonably possible, be limited to actual increases in the 

seller's costs. 

ARTICLE XVII-EFFECTIVE DATE . 

A. The effective date of this Code shall be the first Monday following the first Wednesday after the date of approval by the President 

of the United States. 

Article XV III-Labels 6& 

A. In aocordance with the provisions of thiB Article all garments 

made in the Industry {])8 defoned in paragraph A of A'rticle II of 

the Code shall bear an N.R.A. label to 8J11nbolize to purchasers of 

said garments the conditions urnd.er which they were manufactured. 

The Code Authority shall have the exclusive right in the Cotton Garment Industry or subdivisions thereof to issue and fwrnish said labels 

to the membertJ thereof. 

Th.e Code Authority, svJ;ject to the aprroval of the Administrator 

and in accordance with his regulations on the use of labels, shail 

establish rules and regulations and appropriate machinery for the 

issuance of labels and the inspection, examination and supervision 

of the practices of employers using 8UCh labels. The Code Authority, 

subject to the approval of the Administrator, shall also set up such 

rules and regulations as may be deenwd advisable to g-overn the 

issuance, distribution and) use of distinct l(]Jbels for any subdi,visional 

industries subject to the provisions of this Code as listed in paragraph A of Article II of the Code or as said paragraph may be 

a1nended from time t-o time, said special labels to be issued only by 

the Code Authority. 

B. The Label required herewnder shall be sewed to the garment 

and remain attached thereto 'l.Dlw3n sold, shipped or distributed by any 

1 Italicized words added by Amendment No. 7, approved Aug. 21, 1934. 6a Article XVIII eft'eetive May 1, 1934. See Administrative Order No. 118-40, approved 

Mar. 30, 1934. 
105 

men~ber of the Industry. Any and all members of the Industry 

may apply to the Oode Authority for a permit to use such N.R.A. 

label whic.h permit shall be granted only when the application for 

use thereof shall be accompanied by a certificate of compliance with 

this Oode signed by the applicant thereof in such manner and form 

as shall be determined by the rules and regulations of the Oode 

Authority approved by the Ad1ninistrator, and which permit to 

use the label shall continue in force only so long as the recipient of 

said permit shall comply with the Oode and the rules and regulations 

of the 0 ode Authority relating to labels. 

0 . All goods 1nade prior to the effective date of the rules and 

regulations of the Code Authority relating to the issuance and use 

of labels shall have securely attached to the bow, cover, package, 

container or other w1·apping of said garments, a sticker or label in 

such form as may be determined by the Oode A1.tthority in its rules 

and regulations. 

D. The charge made by the Oode Authority foT such labels amd/ 

or stickers shall at all ti17U3s be subject to the supervision and regulations of the Admini'ftrator and shall be not more than an amount 

necessary to cover the cost of said labels andjor stickers, incl?))diln.g 

printing and distr{bution, and the reasonable cost of the administration and supervision of the use thereof as hereinbefoTe set forth. 

E. The rules and regulations set up by the Oode Authority pursuant to this Article shall become binding upon all 17U3mbers of the 

Industry when approved by the Administrator and violation thereof 

s-hall be deemed a violation of the Oode of Fair Competition of this 

Industry. 

F. This Article shall become effective upon the date specified by 

the Administrator, it being understood that ten (10) days' notice 

shall be given to the Industry of the effective date of this Article. 

Article XIX 

Section 1. To further remove obstruction to the free flow in 

ind/ustry and commerce in the 0 ott on Garment Industry and the 

subdivisional industries thereof, to eliminate unfair competitive 

practices, to improve standards of labor, to rehabilitate the industry 

and more fully effectuate the policy of Title I of the National 

Industrial Recovery Act, the following shall constitute fair trade 

practices under the 0 ode: 

Section 93. Nothing in this Article with respect to fair trade practices shall be construed for any purpose or under any circurnstance 

as superseding the provisions of this Oode as amended, but it shall 

be construed as supplemental to this 0 ode as amended and any provision of this Article nwde a part hereof, found to be in conflict with 

any of the provisions of this Oode as amended shall be null and void. 

Section 3. The respective trade associations for the industry shall 

be the agencies to cooperate with the 0 ode Authority and the Ad- n~inistrator in the administration of this Article, provided, however, 

that: 

(a) The Oode Authority under such Rules and Regulations as 

may be approved by the Administrator may assign to the trade 
106 

associations the general supervision, subject to review by the Code 

Authority, of the admini~t a~ion of .this Article, or any part thereof. 

(b). T h.e Code A uthonty 1/tmnedwtely upon the approval of th~s 

4-rticle shall notify the respective trade associations of the subdivisional industries aff'ected and each such (J):Jsociation 11ULY file with 

the Code Authority an application that such sub divisional trade 

association be set up as the administrative agency with respect to the 

administration of this Article, or any part thereof. 

(c) Any trade association approved both by the Code Aut.hority 

and the A dministrato·r 1linder the Code is an agency in the admilnistration of the provisions of this Article and at all ti1nes shall be 

bound by the Rules and R egulations of the Code Authority, or the 

A dministrator. No act of any association in the conduct of its duties 

shall violate any 1 the provisions of this Code. 

(d) Any act o any trade association to which there shall have 

been assigned by the Code Authority any power, duty, or function 

under the provisions of this Article, shall be at all times subject to 

review and disapproval by tl~e Code Authority and the Administrator, and nothing herein shall be construed as granting to any 

trade association any power or authority except that specifically 

assigned by the Code Authority, nor shall any provision :herein be 

construed to relierL'e the Code Authority of its ultimate responsibility 

for the proper administration of the 0 ode. 

Section 4. The Code Authority may disburse to any trade association, approved as an aid in the administration of this Article, from 

its funds such amounts as from time to time 111ALY be necessary and 

proper to defray the expenses of such ,association in the administration of, and compliance 1-oith t.his Article. 

S ection 5. Inaccurate .Advertising.-No mmnber of the industry 

shall publish advertising (whether printed, radio, display or of any 

other nature), which is misleading or inaccurate in any material 

particular, nor shall any member in any way misrepresent any goods 

(including but without limitation its use, trade-mark, grade, quality, 

quantity, origin, size, substance, character, nature, finish, material 

content or preparation), or credit terms, values, policies, services, or 

the nature or form of the business conducted. 

S ection 6. False Billing.-No 1nember of t.he industry shall knowingly withhold from or insert in any quotation or invoice any state- ment that 11ULkes it inaocurate in any material partimdar. 

Section 7. Inaccurate Labelinq.-N o member of the industry shall 

sell, brand, mark or pack any goods in any manner which is in- tended to or does deceive or mislead purchasers with respect to the 

prices, brand, grade, quality, quantity, origin, size, substance, char- acter, nature, finish, material content or preparation of such goods. S ection 8. Defa11ULtion.-N o 1nember of the industry shall defame 

a competitor by fals ely imputing to him dishonorable conduct, inability to perform contracts, questionable credit standing, or by 

other fals e representation, or by falsely disparaging the grade or 

quality of his goods. 

Section 9. Threats of Law Suits.-N o member of the industry 

shall publish or circulate unjustifi ed or unwarranted threats of legal 

proceedings which tend to or have the effect of lwrassing competitors 

or intimidating their customers, 
107 

Section 10. Bribing Ernployees.-N o men~b 1· of the industry shall 

give, per1nit to be given, or off'er to give, anyt·hing of value fo1· the 

purpose of influencing or 1·erwarding the action of any ernployee , 

agent, or representative of another in relation to the business of 

the e1nployer of such e1nployee , the principal of su-ch agent or the 

represented party, u•ithout the knowledge of such ernployer, principal or party. This provision shall not be construed to prohibit free 

and general distribution of rticles c01mnonly used for advertising 

except so far as such articles are actually used for commercial bribery as .hereinabove defin ed. 

S ection 11. lndtttcing Breach of E xisting Contracts.- N o m ember 

of the industry shall 'Loilfttdly induce or attmnpt to induce the breach 

of existing contracts between c07npetitors and their customers by any 

means, or interf ere u·ith or obstruct the perfonnance of any such 

contractual duties or sen·ices by any 1neans, with the pwopose and 

effect of ha·n1-pering, inju1'ing or mnbarrassing comzJetitors in their 

business. 

Section 12. Consign1nent.-No mmnber of the industry shall ship 

or sell goods on open order S'Ltbject to consign1nent, o1· by sales 

agencies, or by any other 1nethod 1ohich has the effect of selling on 

consignnwnt or 17W17Wrandum guaranteeing retail or wholesale turnover. 

Section 13. J{eeping of R ecords.- All m e1nbers of the industry 

and all agencies thm·eof shall be required to k eep a substantial 

record of all transactions. Section 14. Arbitration.- Any question or dispute which n~ay 

arise between or a1nong any persons, or between or anwng any of 

the1n and other persons, fir?ns, or corporations, for the settle111ent 

of which provision has not or shall not have been 1nacle in this Code 

may be subn1itted to arbitration to or under the auspices of any 

institution of recognized standing .having adequate facilities for the 

cond1.tct of such arbitration; provided all parties involved agree to 

such m ethod of arbitration, and the decisions of such arbitration 

shall be final and binding upon all parties. 

S ection 1/i. Comn1ission on Contractors.- The Administrator shall 

f orthwith appoint a com17!,ission of three persons, one of 1ohom shall 

represent labor and shall be nominated by the Labor Advisory 

B oard of N RA, one of wh.01n shall represent the ?nanufacttwers and 

one the contractors, to investigate all industries engaged in the distribution of work to contractors. The commission shall study and 

investigate the conditions within the industry in order to detern1ine 

what shall be a fair compensation to be paid by the ?nanufacturers to 

contractors, and the entire question of the relationship between ?nanuf acture1' and contractor. The commission shall study the above 

mentioned subject and report thereon to the Adn1inistrator within 

three months after the approval of Ar·ticle XIX of this Code. Upon 

receipt of the report, the Administrator may hold hearings to consider suoh report. T he decision rendered by the Ad1ninistrator as 

a result of the said hearing shall be eff'ective as of the date approved 

by the Administrator. The expenses of the said com1nission shall be 

paid by the Code Authority, pro rated among suc.h sub divisional 

industries as aff ected by this Section. 
108 

Section 16. StandOJrds.-The Fair Trade Practice Oo-ntplaints 

OomTnittee hereafter to be set up in accordance with N RA Bulletin 

No.7 entitled" Manual for the Adjustment of 001nplaints" may set 

up an agency to 'work in con junction with the Bureau of Standards 

of the United Stat s Government to promul,qate regulation.s to prev ent 'misrepresentation and sub1nit to the Oode Authority for submission to the Administ1·ator for his approval a set of standards, 

which, upon their approval, shall becorne part of this Oode and violations will be s1tbject to the penalties of the Act. 

Section 17. R eturned Goods.-No merchandise purchased and 

shipped in good faith ancl in accordance with the buyer's specifications within the specified time shall be permitted to be returned to 

the seller after t en days after its receipt by the purchaser, except on 

account of clerical or delivery error or faulty m erchandise. This 

S ection shall be con.strued as supplententary to special provision.s 

in the sohedule for subdivisional industries hereinafter set forth. 

S ection 18. Advertising Allowances.-N o m ember of the industry 

shall give any advertising allowance to a customer in excess of fifty 

per cent of the cost of said advertising for the purpose of promoting 

the resale of products of said nte1nber. Nor shall any me1nber of the 

industry give any advertising allowance to any customer for the pwrpose of promoting the resale of said ntember's products below the 

price at whioh said m ember ·has sold his products to the cust01ner. 

This shall not be construed to prohibit the giving of display matter. 

No member of the industry shall give any advertising allowance to 

a customer for any advertising which is intended to promote the 

resale of any products of any person other than that of said member 

of the industry. 

This' pr01Jision shall not apply to the Oiled 0 ott on Garment 

Industry. 

Section 19. Rebates.-No rebate, bonus, excess discount, freight, 

or other allowance shall be allowed unless the same are made available to all cust01ners wnder like ternts and condition.s. 

This provision shall not apply to the Nurses', Maids' and Wo1nen's 

Apron and Uniform Manufacturing Industry. 

Section 20. Elimination of Out, Make and Trim.-N o manufacturer or contractor shall make products of his subdivisional industry 

from fabrics and/ or other materials owned or supplied by a jobber, a 

retail distributor, or the agent, representative, or corporate subsidiary or affiliate of any su.ch retail distributor/ nor shall he manufacture such products from fabrics and/or other materials, the pwrchase of which is made upon the credit of, or payment for which 

is guaranteed by, such retail distributor or agent, representative 

or corporate subsidiary or affiliate of such retail distributor. 

The provisions of this Section shall apply only to: 

The Men's and Boys' Shirt and Blouse Industry except work 

shirts with the exception of shirt malcers making shirts to 'measure 

for retailers' custont shirt depart1nents. 

The Men's and Boys' Pajama and Night Shirt Ind~tstry. 

The Sheep Lined and L eather Garment Industry. 

The Cotton Undergarntent and Sleeping Garment Industry. 

The Work Shirt MaJnufacturing Industry. 

The Work Clothes M aJn/IJ;facturing Industry. 
109 

Section ~1. Shipment of Prison Made Goods.-N o member of t.he 

industry shall ship any 1nerchandise or goods manufactured by 

prison labor into any State whe1·e the sale of said goods is prohibited 01~ restricted by State law, and in the event that State laws shall 

1

1

equire other conditions su.ch as branding, then the same men~ er of 

t.he industry shall conf01"1n with all of the local requirements of the 

pa11ticular State. The violation of any of the provisions of schedules hereinafter 

set forth by any 1nember of the subdivisional industry aff'ected shall 

constitute an unfair trade practice, and shall be deemed to be a violation of this code. I t shall also be an ~mfair trade practice and a 

violation of this code to nter into any agreement, arrangement or 

unde11

standing, the result of which shall be to avoid or violate any 

provisions of this code, or to e1nploy any subterfuge whatsoever to 

avoid, evade or circumvent any provisions hereof. 

Sc-hedule A 

Men's and Boys' Shirt and Blouse Industry Ewcept Work Shirts 

Section ~2 . T erms.-No ter1ns of sale shall be in ewcess of 3/10 

days E.O.M., or tEjlO-fJO ewtra. No ewtra dating shall be allowed, 

nor shall any othe1· subterfuge or change in these ter?nS be used, 

ewcept that 1nerchandise shipped on or after the 215th of any month 

may be dated as of the first of the following month. I n no case 

shall anticipation of payment ewceed 6 per cent per annum. 

Section f£3 . J1!isrepresentation and Irregulars.-(a) Manufacturers s-hall not designate 1naterial on any shirts unless it represents 

a major portion of the fabric of such shirt. (b) Manufacturers shall place on shirts not of first quality such 

/marking as may be directed by the 0 ode Authority under general 

rules and regulations applicable to all manufacturers, indicating 

such shirts as ' irregulars" in indelible ink on the center of the 

neckband of the shirts where it may be seen by purchaser. Such stan~ping shall be plainly legible. 

Sc-hedule B 

JJ! en's and Boys' Pajama and Night Sh1:rt Industry 

Section f£4 . T ernu.-N o 11w1nber of this subdivisional industry 

shall give terms of sale in ewcess of f£!10--fJO ewtra, or 3/ 10 E.O.M., 

in which latter case delivery made after the f£15 th of any 1nonth 1nay 

be dated as of the fint of the following month. 

Sec. f£15 . No membe1· of tkis subdivisional industry shall affiw to 

any of his products inaccwrate, fi ctitious or 1nisleading resale prices. 

Schedule 0 

Oiled 0 ott on Garment I nd1.tstry 

Sec. ~6. T erms.-N o 1nember of this subdivisional industry shall 

grant terms in ewcess of tEjlO E .O.M. Sec. f£7. No nw1nber of t-his sub divisional industry shall give 

customers' labels of any kind free of charge. 
110 

ScheduleD 

The Union-Made GarrnMnt Industry 

S ec. ~8. Ternu;- (a) No 1nern~ er of this subdivisional industry 

shall grant t r1ns in exces of net 30 days, or 10 prox. from date of 

ship1nent; no extra dating. (b) Orders for seasonal rn~erchandise may be shipped prior to 

shipping date and invoice may be dated as of the shipping date specified on the 01·der. Seasonal merchandise consists of light garments 

for Spring and heavy garments for the Fall. I n no case shall shipment be made prior to 30 days in advance of shipping date. 'ection 9. All "seconds" and i?nperfect ga?onMnts shall be identified as S'Loch by stmnping legibly and indelibly the word " second " 

on the ticket and the white pocket, or if the gar1nent has no white 

pocket, sta1nping shall be done on some other conspicuous place. 

S ection 30. R eturned Goods. (a) No member of this sub divisional 

industry shall accept returrn.ed goods of any stock in exchange for 

new stock. 

(b) The 1·etttrn of used merchandise because of weak fabrics and 

1n-aterials and/ or faulty construction will be permissible, but no garment ·.hall be accepted in return if it has been destroyed or mutilated n~aliciously or damaged by acids, chemicals, oils and grease, or dam- aged through tears, snags, or rips, result of carelessness or damaged 

by rotting or mildew or damaged by improper washing, or if the 

gar1nents have been worn, or if the garments are alleged to have 

shrunk, except where sold as pre-shrunk, and except for latent 

defects. Schedule E 

Washable Service Apparel Industry 

Section 31. T erms.-N o member of this subdivisional industrqj 

shall grant cash discounts in excess of ~/10 e.o.m., net 60 days, or ~/30 days, net 60 days, irrespective of quantity pwrchases, distribution, or extension of delivery dates. Shipments on or after the ~5th of any rnwnth of .o.rn . ter1ns 1nay be dated as of the first of 

the following month. 

Section 3~ . Forward Oontraots.-Deleted. S ection 33. Property Marking and L abeling.-N o member of this 

subdivisional industry shall mark or stamp with ink (JJ)'by goods for 

a linen supply C'Ltstomer. No member of this sub divisional industry 

shall pay for labels of any kind, for any customer. 

Schedule F 

Sheep Lined and L eather Garment Industry 

Section 34. T erms.-The f ollowing are the maximum ter7n8 to 

apply to sales for men's and boys' garments in this industry: 

(a) Jobb ers, Mail Order Houses and Chain Store Terms.-All 

sales of merchandise in January, February and up to March 10th 

may have dating as of March 10th net 30 days. From March 11th 

to May 31st net 30 days. J une 1st to August 10th may have dating 

as of !ugust 10th net 30 days. A ft er August 11th net thirty days: 

no dating. 
111 

(b) R etailers T erm._<?.-All sales of merchandise fr01n October 1st 

of cu?"rent year to May 31st of the following year not to exceed 

B% ten days e.o.n1. After June 1st the te1·ms granted 1nay be 

2% ten days e.o.m. as of S eptember 1st. llf erchandise s~hipped after 

the twenty-fifth (25) day of any month may be dated as of the fint 

day of the following month. 

On sales of ladies' leather garments in this sub divisional industry, 

it shall be unfair trade practice to sell at a cash discownt in excess 

of eight ( 8%) per cent ten days e.o.1n., except that 111e1·chandise 

shipped after the twenty-fifth (25th) day of any 1nont-h may be 

dated as of the first day of the following month. 

No order shall be accepted without stipulating the sale price, 

terms and date of ship1nent. No sale shall be made by any 111e1nber 

on any other tenns except those expressly set forth in the order, con- tract of sales, or the invoice pertaining to s~tch sale. 

All orders for jobbm·s on drop s:hipnwnts comprising l~fty gar- ments or less shall bear an additional charge of fiv e (5¢) cents per 

garnwnt. 

The following sizes shall be the standard sizes of garments in 

this sub divisional industry: 

(a) Men's and Boys' Garments: 

1 Juvenile, Sizes 3-8 

2 Boys, Sizes 6-18 

Men's S~t de Garnwnts, Sizes 34-46 

Men's Hm·sehide and Sheep Lined Garments, Sizes 34-48 

(b) Ladies' Gar1nents: 

1 J wvenile, Sizes 2--6 

2 Girls, Sizes 8-14 

3 Misses, Sizes 14-20 

4 Ladies, Sizes 34-42 

It shall be an unfair trade practice to sell ga1•ments of sizes larger 

than the standard sizes hereinabove set forth at less than the additional cost for such larger sizes. 

Section 35. All manufacturers who let out or cause their ga1·ments 

to be made by contractors S·hall file with the 0 ott on Garment 0 ode 

Authority the nanws and addresses of all such contractors. S ection 36. All sales must be f.o.b. factory except for shipnwnts 

within metropolitan districts from factories located within that area. 

Section 37. No membe1· of this sub divisional industry shall give 

customers' labels of any kind free of charge. 

Sohedule G 

Cotton Wash Dress Industry 

Section 38. T erms.-All 1ne1nbers of this subdivisional industry 

shall sell nwrchandise on the shipping ter1ns of f.o.b. city of manufacture, or one central shipping point, W·hichever the manufacturer 

elects and which election shall apply to all transactions but shall 

include free delivery to any shipping or forwarding point or one 

central shipping point or store within the city in which the ?nanu- facturer is located or in which the one central shipping point is 

located. In case of disputed claims on return merchandise t?·ansportr;Ltion char~ s S·hall be paid b~ whichever disputant loses the decision. 
112 

Section 39. Terms and Discounts.-It shall be unfair trade practice to sell merchandise at a cash discmmt in excess of 8 percent 10 

days e.o.m., except that merchandise shipped after the !£5th day of 

any month may be dated as of the first day of the following 'rnonth. 

Anticipation shall not be allowed at a rate in excess of 6 percent 

pe1• annum. 

Section 40. Returned Goods.-N o member of this subdivisional 

industry shall accept 1·eturned 1nerchandise for credit under any cir- cumstances except in accordance wit.h the following: 

(a) Members of this sub divisional industry may accept merchandise for credit which has been shipped by a custonMr within 

five working clays from the elate of receipt by the customer in his 

store, on~y for the follO'Ining reasons: Errors in shipn~ nt, delay in 

delivery, defective material or workmanship or any breach of contract. Members of this S'ttbclivisional industry shall not accept mer- chandise for credit unless acc01npaniecl by a letter or regular return 

for?n mailed by t.he custonur to the ?nanufacturer and received by 

the ?nanufactu.rer prior to the arrival of the 1nerchanclise, stating 

the contents of the package, reason for the return and the elate on 

which the nurchandise 'Was received. Any dispute 1nay be subject 

to arbitration in accordance with procedure agreed u.pon by the 

Cotton Garment Oocle Authority and the National Retail Oocle 

Authority. 

(b) Members of this sub divisional industry S·hall not accept merohanclise for credit shipped after the stated fiv e working clays unless accompanied by a letter or regular return form mailed by the custon~er to the man'ttfacturer wherein he states that a duplicate 

has been mailed to the Cotton Garment Code Authority, at 40 Worth 

Street, New York, N. Y., and received by the man'Ltfacturer prior to 

the arrival of the 1nerchanclise, stating the contents of the package, 

the reason for the retu.rn and the elate the 1nerchandise was receimecl, 

and no such return s-hall be accepted except for breach of contract, 

or defect not discoverable on reasonable inspection. 

(c) Merchandise returned after the stated fiv e days' period in 

areas designated by the Code Authority shall be held intact or un- opened by t.he mamljacturer, subject to exa1nination by an i1npartial 

representativ·e of the Cotton Garment Code Authority, who shall 

direct the acceptance by the manufacturer or the return of the mer- chandise to the cu.sto?ner. Any appeal frO?n the decision of the 

impartial representative shall be subject to arbitration in accordance 

with procedure agreed upon by the Code Authority of the Cotton 

Garment Industry and the National Retail Code Aut.hority. This 

provision shall not become eff'ective until the Code Authority shall 

have c01npleted organiza.tion to ad1ninister the sa1ne. S ection 41. Exchanged M erchandise.-It shall be an unfair trade 

practice for any nMmber of this subclivisional incl1tstry to accept 

returned merchandise for the purpose of exchange. S ection 4-1£. Cancellations.-No m,ember of this subclivisional in- dustry shall sell merc·handise except under contract which shall 

provide: 

(a) That no purchase order for merchandise shall be subject to 

cancellation befor e th.e specified and agreed upon shipping elate 

written on said order/ 
113 

(b) That no purchase order shall be subject to cancellation 

after the a,c;?·eed upon shipping da.te unless cancellation is in writing, and it permits the 1nanufacture1· three additional working days 

from the date of receipt of such cancellation to complete and ship 

any and all merchandise in wo1·k at that ti1n ; 

(c) That if no notice of cancellation is received by the manufacturer from the cust01ner, all merchandise remaining on order shall 

be cancelled by the m-anufacture?· two (2) weeks after the expiration 

date of order. S ection 43. Retail Selling.- It shall be an unfair trade practice 

for those rnernbers of the Cotton Wash Dress lnd~tstry, nor1nally 

selling to the trade for resale, to sell 1nerchandise to anyone except 

to established and recognized wholesale or retail distributors. This 

shall not p1·event, .however, bona fide sales by members to their own 

em,ployees of 1nerchandise which is for the personal u e of such en~­

ployees, or to 1·etail bttyers for their 01_vn personal use at not less 

than the regular wholesale prices, pro'vided the buyers are en~ployed 

in the depa1·tment in 'which the n~erchandise of the me1nbers of the 

industry is usually sold. Section 44. Payment of Labels.- N o 1nember of this subdivisional 

industry shall give customers' private labels of any kind free of 

charge. 

Schedule H 

Cotton Undergarm,ent and Sleeping Garn1ent Manufacturing 

Industry 

Section 4Jj. T erm.s.-No 111ember of this subdivisional industry 

shall grant cash discounts in excess of 8/10 e.o.1n. All merchandise 

shipped from the first of the 1nonth to the 24th of the month incl!usive shall be due and JJayable on the tenth (10t.h) of the following 

11wnth. Bills for 1nerchandise shipped on or after the twenty-fifth 

(25th) of the 1nonth will carry dating as of the first (1st) of the 

f ollowing 1nonth. There shall be no additional dating nor shall it 

be permitted to build up terms in excess of 8/10 e.o.1n. 

Manufacturers of flannelettes, nwnufacturing goods for Fall de- livery, 1nay have the privilege of g1·anting te1•ms for flannelette wear 

as of August 1st, 8%- 10 days e.o.m., making said invoice payable 

September 10th. No n~ber of this sub divisional industry shall ship goods on terms 

other than f.o.b. point of origin or central shipping point. M em- bers of this subdivisional industry may, however, make free deliveries 

within the confines of the city li1nits of the point of origin or central 

shipping point. 

Section 46. No bonus or other consideration other than quantity 

discount at ti1ne of invoice 1nay be granted in consideration of a 

specific volume of bttsiness. No allowance of fre e goods or consideration of any other naturre whatsoever other than the quantity discownt referred to above may be granted in exchange for volume of 

business. 

Section 47. No member of this sub divisional industry shall ac- cept the return of any stock in exchange for new stock. 

Section 48. No member of this sub divisional industry shall give 

customers' labels of any kind free of chaTge. 
114 

Schedule I 

vV o1·k 1 hirt jJJ anufactu?·ing Industry 

S ection 49. All 1nerchanclise shall be sold and billecl f.o.b. shipping point. The term "shipping point" is defined to mean th place 

wheTe 17Wnufact~t1·ing plant or stock ro01n is 1naintained for the 

actual distribution of 1n rc·handise. In any city where a manufach.tr r has a shipping point, it shall be optional 'With the nwnufacturer whether or not there shall be charges for delivery within 

that metropolitan dist1·ict. 

S ection 0. Term~.-N o member of this subdi1Jisional indu~try 

shall g1·ant cash discmt-nts in excess of 1/ 10 net 60 days to the 

1·ecogniz d jobbing trade, nwil order hous s, and chain stores operating ten or m.ore stores, nor in excess of ~/10 net 30 days to retailers ot·he1· than those n~entioned above. Anticipation for prepaynMnt 

shall not exceed six (6%) per oent per annum. 

S ection 51 . No member of this subdivisional ind~try shall gwe 

or accept listings. 

Section 5~ . No member of this sub divisional indu~try shall g~ve 

or accept optio~. 

Schedule J 

Nurses', Llf aids', and Women's Apron and Unifor?n Manufacturing 

Industry 

S ection 53. Terms.-No 17M1nber of this subdivisional industry 

shall grant cash discounts in excess of 8/10 e.o.1n. 

Ship1nents 1nacle on or afte?· the twenty-fifth ~5t h) day of any 

11wnth may be dated as of the first day of the fo llowing month. 

S ection 54. No member of this subdivisional ind~try shall fals ely 

designate as .iob lots 1nerchandise which does not co~ist of discontinued styles or seconds. 

S ection 55. No 1nember of this subdivisional industry shall pay 

to any purohaser of 'merchandise or purchaser's agent any com?nis- sion unless it be a regular salesm,an or sales organization employed 

by the manufact'l.t.rer. 

Section 56. No member of this subdivisional ind~try shall give 

custonMrs' labels of any kind free of charge. Section 57. Rebates.-N o rebate, bonus, or excess discownt shall be 

allow d. 

Schedule K 

Work Clothes Manufacturing I ndustry 

Section 58. ern~s .-No member of this subdivisional ind~try 

shall grant cash discounts in excess of net 30 days. 

ction 59. All nwrchandise shall be shipped f.o.b. factory. 

ection 60. Standard sizes on open stock for this subdivision 

shall be as follows: 

1. You.ths' sizes shall not exceed age 16 (or size 34) on all garments except shirts. ·hirt sizes shall not exceed size 141j2 . 

~. Men's extra sizes shall begin with: 1¥ aist 44 for overalls, pants, 

and breeches. Size 48 for coats, c01nbination suits, blazers, wind- breakm·s, vests and other si1nilw· gannents. Size 171j2 for shirts. 
115 

3. It shall be an unfair trade practice to sell garments of sizes 

larger tha;n the standard sizes hereinabove set forth at less than 

cost for such larger sizes. 7 

'Italicized words added by Amendment No. 5.-Aug. 16. 1934. 

Approved Code No. 118. 

Registry No. 217-1-06. 
APPENDIX "A" 

1. No manufacturing employee engaged in the production of men's 

and boys' pants when made of (a) cordu1·oy, other than those s-hades 

set forth below, or (b) cloths othm· than those set forth below, whether or not n~ade in work clothing factories, shall be paid at less 

than the rate of thirty-four cents (34¢) per hour in t-he southern section of the I ndustry, or less than thirty-seven cents (37¢ ) per hour in 

the northern section of the I ndustry, as such sections are defined in 

the Cotton Garment Oode and amendments thereto. 

No manuf acturing employee engaged in the production of men's 

and boys' pants m,ade in 'Work clothing factories in conjunction with 

work clothing or work pants, w:hen nwde of 100% cotton content and 

when nwde entirely from carded cotton yarns without synthetic 

yarn, silk or mercerized yarn decoration, and when such pants are 

made of (a ) deni?ns, plain or printed or woven, including those 

denims knou'n as Hickory or express stripes, or (b) moleskins, or 

(c) pin checks, or (d) carded seersuckers, or (e ) coverts, or (f) plain 

dyed or bleached ducks, twills or drills, or (g) cottonades, except 

cotton worsteds, or (h) dm·k drab, seal brown or navy blue cordu- roys, or ( i) heavy carded cotton whipcords, shall be paid less than 

at the rate of thirty cents (30¢ ) per hour in the southern section of 

the I ndustry, or less than thirty-two and one-half cents 3~lj ) per 

hour in the northern section of the I ndustry, as such sections are 

defined in the 0 ott on Garment Code and anMnd1nents thereto. 

The I nter-Code C01nmittee provided for in Condition Nu1nber ~ 

of the Executive Order of Dece1nber 18, 1933, amending the Cotton 

Garment 0 ode, is -hereby ter minated and all powers and duties 

delegated to the Con~mittee in said Condition are he1·eby transferred 

to the Special Administrator hereinafter provided. It is hereby 

ordered that a Special Ad1ninistrator shall be designated to serve 

until July 1, 1934, who shall administer and supervise enforcement 

in respect of cotton wash s1.dts of 100% cotton content and/or single 

pants, shall determine all questions in respect of the appropriate 

minimu1n wage to be paid by any 1ne1nber of the Industry pursuant 

to this Order, shall make interpretations of the provisions of this 

Order, shall -have the power to add to, alter or reclassify any of the 

definitions or classes of materials set forth in this Order, and shall 

deter1nine all questions arising from the operation of this Order. H is deter1nination and findings shall be final, and pending an app al 

to the Administrator shall be binding until disapproved. The Special Ad1ninistrator shall make a survey and study of the 

Pants I ndustry, and shall prepare a report and recomn~enclations 

prior to J urne 30, 1934, with respect to changes in maxi1nu1n hours, 

differentials, or changes in the 1nini1n'U1m wage to be paid en~ployees 

engaged in the production of 1nen's and boys' pants, and with 

respect to a1nendnwnts to the Cotton Gar1nent Code concerning 

definitions, wage rates andjor 1naxin~wn hours. 

(116) 
117 

9. No manufacturing employee engaged in the production of men's ·wash suits of 100% cotton content when made in work clothing factories in conjunction with work clothing shall be paid at less than 

the rate of thirty-four cents (34¢) per hour when employed in the 

smtthern section of the Industry, or less than thirty-seven cents 

(37¢) per hour when employed in the northern section of the Industry, as such sections a1·e defined in the Cotton Garment Oode and an~end1nents thereto. Tl~e Special Administrator hereinabove provided for shall have the smne powers and duties with respect to such 

cotton wash suits as are d legated to hi1n by this Order with respect 

to 1nen's and boys' pants.6 

• Italicized words added by Amendment No. 3, approved Mar. 15. 1934. 

0 



Approved Code No. 118-Amendrnents 1-8 incl. Registry No. 217-1-06 

ERRATA SHEET 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

COTTON GARMENT INDUSTRY 

As Approved on Novembe·r 17, 1933 

Page 91, Section H , 3rd line, " H " should be " G." 

Page 92, Article IV, Section A, 1st line, Change "December" 

to " October." 

Page 92, Section B, 6th line, change "than" to "for." 

Page 92, Article IV, add lower case "the numeral 2 ", after sections A & B. . Page 92, Article IV, add lower case "numeral 3" at end of paragraph C, instead of " lower case numeral 2." 

Page 92, at bottom of page, add foot-note as follows: " lower case 

numeral 3, italicized words added by Amendment No. 7, appr'd 

Aug. 31, 1934, effective Sept. 4, 1934." 

Page 99, Article IX, Section 12, 3rd line, "Article II" should 

be "Article XII." 

Page 102, foot-note "3a" should read "italicized words added by 

Amendment No. 8, Appr'd Sept. 27, 1934." 

Page 104, foot-note 5a should read "italicized words added by 

Amendment No. 2, Approved March 10, 1934." 

11D792°----l57B-22----35 

U . S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE• 19SS 


UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 

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