Approved Code No. 444 Registry No. 922-02 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

SHOE PATTERN 

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

AS APPROVED ON MAY 26. 1934 

WE DO OUR PAR'I_' 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON: 1934 

!, For sale by the Superintendent of Documen ts, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - - Price 5 cents 

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Approved Code No. 444 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

SH·OE PATTER.N MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

As Approved on May 26, 1934 

ORDER 

APPROVING CooE OF F Am COMPETITION FOR THE SHOE P ATl'ERN 

~1ANUFA TURI G IND 8TRY 

An application having been duly made pur:uant to and in full 

compliance with the provision of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, for approval of a Code of 

Fair Competition for the Shoe Patt0 rn JVlanufacturing Indu try, 

and hearings having been duly held thereon and the annexed report 

on f.aid Code, containing findings with respect thereto, having b 0 en 

mad•e and directed to the President: 

No,v, THEREFORE, on behalf of the Pre<;:ident of the United 

States, I , l-Iugh S. Johnson, Administrator for Industrial Recovery, 

pursuant to authority vested in me by Executive Orders of the 

President, including Executive Order No. 6543- A, dat d December 

30, 1933, uncl otherwise, do hereby incorporate by reference said 

annexed report and do find that said Code complies in all respects 

with the pertinent provi ions and will promote the policy and purposes of aid Title of said Act; and do hereby or ler that said Code 

of Fair Competition be and it is hereby approved, provided, however, that the provisions of Article VII, Section 1, insofar as they 

prescribe a waiting period between the filing of price lists ( that is 

actual receipt by the Code Authority) and the effective date thereof 

be and they are hereby stayed pending my further order. 

HUGH S. J OHNSON' 

Ad1ninistrato-1· for Industrial R ecovery. 

Approval recommended : 

GEO. L. BERRY, 

D1'.vision Adniinistrator. 

w ASHINGTON, D.C., 

iv.I ay <26, 1934. 

62793° - G44-143--34 (397) 
REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT 

The PRESIDENT, 

The White H oiise. 

Sm : This is a report on the approved Code of F air Competition 

for the Shoe Pattern J\1anufacturing Industry, hearings on which 

were conducted in vVashington on December 5, 1933, December 28, 

1933, and March 28, 1934, in accordance with the provi ions of the 

National Industrial Recovery Act. The minimum wage provided in this code i forty cents ( 40¢) 

per hour for males and female , with the provision that when females 

of the skilled cla~s perform the c:ame work as males they are to receive 

the same rate of pay. 

The maximum hours provided in this code are forty ( 40) hours 

per week with an allowance of five (5) hours per week during any 

eight (8) weeks of a six ( G) months' period, with the provision that 

all time in exces of eight (8) hours per day hall be paid at the rate 

of time and one-third. 

i o person under sixteen (16) years of age hall be employed or 

engaged in this ind1rtry, and no person under eighteen (1 ) years 

of age hull be employed in hazardous occupations. Home work in 

this indu try shall be abolished on September 1, 1934. 

Practically the entire volume of the products of this industry are 

sol 1 to the shoe manufacturing industry. The industry i largely 

a er;ice bu ines.s, and the majority of the products are manufactured 

on special order. No large inventories are kept by the manufacturer . 

A proposed co le was originally submitted on N ovembcr 14, 1933. 

The first hearing wa held on Decemb"'r 5, 1933. The Deputy in 

charge was not atisfied from the evidi=>nce submitted that the pattern 

departments of the boot an l shoe manufacturing plants should be 

included in this code. A second hearing was held, and again lack of 

eYiclence caused a postponement of arriving at a suitable co e. Thi 

hearing wa hell on December 28, 1933. At the last hearing held 

on March 28, 1934, the proponents of this code produced sufficient 

evidence to convinc the Deputy that the pattern departments of 

the boot and shoe manufacturing plants hould be in luclecl under 

their code, and the Deputy therefore inclu le 1 them. "\Vithout inclu ling the boot an 1 hoe manufacturers the sho pattern manufacturers would not as nt to a ode. 

The Deputy Administrator in his final report to me on ·aid Code 

having found a. herein set forth and on the basis of all the proceedings in this matter; 

I find that: 

(a) Said Code is well designed to promote the policie and purpos of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act , including 

removal of obstruction to the free flow of inter tatB and foreirn 

commerce which tend to dimini h th amount thereof and will pro-

(398) 
399 

vide for the general welfare by promoting the organization of industry for the purpose of cooperative action an10ng the trade groups, 

by inducing and maintaining united action of labor and management 

und r adequate governmental ·anctions and supervision, by eliminating unfair competitive practices, by promoting the fullest poc:sible 

utilization of the present productive capacity of industries, by avoiding undue r e trictions of production ( except as may be temporarily 

required), by increasing the consumption of industrial and agricultural products through increasing purchasing power, by reducing 

and relieving unemployment, by improving standards of labor, an l 

by otherwise rehabilitating industry. 

(b) Sail Indu try normally employs not •more than 50,000 em- ployees; and is not classified by me a.s a major industry. 

(c) The Code as approved complies in all r espects with 'the pertinent provisions of said Title of said Act, including without limitation Suh::iection (a) Gf Section 3, Sub ection (a) of Section 7, and 

Subsection (b) of Section 10 thereof; and that the applicant association is an indu. trial association tr 1

1ly r epresentative of the aforesaid Industry; and that . aid as ociation impo. ·es no inequitable 

restrictions on admission to member. hip t.herein. 

( d) The Code i not designed to and will not permit monopolies 

or monopolistic practices. 

( e) The Code is not de. ·igned to and will not eliminate or oppress 

small enterprises an 1 will not operate to dis riminate against them. 

(f) Those engaged in other steps of the economic pr cess have 

not been deprived of the right to be heard prior to approval of said 

Code. 

For these reasons this Code has been approved. 

Respectfully, 

HUGH S. JOHNSON, 

A dminis trat or. 

MAY 26, 1934. 
CODE OF FAIR COIVIPETITION FOR THE SHOE 

PATTERN ]}fANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

ARTICLE I-PURPOSES 

To effect the policies of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, thJs Code is submitted as a Code o-f Fair Competition for 

tl1e Shoe Pattern Manuracturing Industry, and upon approval by 

the President, its provi -ions shall be the standards of f air competition for such industry and shall be binding upon every member 

thereof. 

AnTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

The term "shoe pattern industry " as u ed herein includes the 

designing of shoe style , t he drafting of modern patterns and the 

manufacture of shoe patterns, and such related industries as may 

from time to time be included under the provisions of this Code. 

The term "member of the industry " includes any individual 

partnership, association, corporation, or other form of enterprise 

engaged in the industry, either as an employer or on his or on its 

own behalf. The term " employee" as used herein includes any and all p ersons 

engaged in the industry except members thereof, however compensated, but shall include such members of the industry who devote 

any part or all of their time to the designing of shoe tyles, the 

drafting of model patterns or the production or manufacture of 

these patterns, in which event they shall be deemed ' employees" 

for the purpo-cs of the Code. The term "employer)) as u ec1 herein includes anyone by whom 

such employee is cmnpensated or employed. 

The term "Association " shall mean the National Shoe Pattern 

Manufacturers Association. 

The terms "Pre ident ", "Act", and "Administrator" as u ed 

herein mean respectively the President of the United S tate , Title I 

of the National Industrial R0 covery Act, and the Admini trator for 

Industrial Recovery. 

ARTICLE I I I-HouRs 

l\IA:S:IMUM HOURS 

SECTION 1. E:s:cept as herein provided, no employ 0 es, including 

office workers, ~hall be permitted to work more than 40 hours in any 

one week, provided, however, that during any weeks of a 6 months' 

period ( the fir t period to begin on the effective elate of this Code) 

employees may be permitt0 d to work not more than 45 hours per 

week, and for time in excess of 8 hours per day employees shall be 

(400) 
401 

paid on the basis of one and one-third their normal rate of compensation, but in no event shall an employee be permitted to work 

more than 10 hours per day. (a) The foregoing maximum hours of labor shall not apply to 

employees engaged in en~ergency maintenance or repair work on 

member's own plant involving breakdown or protection of life or 

property, but in any uch case at least one and one-third the normal 

rate of compensation shall be paid for all time worked in exce s of 

8 hour in any one day. 

(b) No employee shall be permitted to work more than 6 days 

in any 7 day period. 

( c) No employer shall knowingly permit any employee to work 

for any time which when totaled with that already worked with 

another employer or employers in any industry exceeds the maximum 

permitted herein. 

WAGES 

~ECTIO r 2. o employee <::hall be paid les. than at the rate ·f 40~~ 

per hour. 

SECTION 3. Every employer hall mak equitable aclju. tment in all 

pay schedules, if he has not already done so under the Act. ,vithin 

60 days from the approval of this Code he shall submit to the Code 

Authority a report of hi wage rat 0 ~ , and the Code Authority shall 

submit for the approval of the Administrator a proposal for ad-

:iu tment in wages above the minimum. Upon approval by the 

Adminjstrator after such hearing a he may prescribe such propo al 

shall become binding as a part of thi code, provided, however, that 

in no event ·hall hourly or weekly rates of pay be reduced. 

SECTION 4. Female employees performing substantially the same 

·work as male employees shall receive the same rate of pay as male 

employee·, an l where they displace men they shall receive the same 

rate of earnings as the men they displace. 

SECTION 5. This article establishes a minimum rate of pay which 

shall apply irrespective of wh ther an employee is a tually compensated on a time rate, piece work or other ba ic::. 

SECTION 6. All wage. shall be paid weekly in lawful currency or 

by negotiably check payable on demand. The e wages shall be exempt from any fines and/ or deductions. They shall also be exempt 

from any payments for pensio:i:i. insuran e or sick b 0 nefits other than 

those expressly authorized by the employee. 

SECTION 7. A per on whose earning capacity is limited because of 

age, phy ical or mental handicap, or other infirmity, may be employed on light work at a wage below the minimum established by 

this Code, if· the. employer obtains from the state authority, designated by the Umted States Department of Labor, a certificate authorizing . uch person ·s employment at such wages and for such 

hours as shall be stated in the certificate. Such authority shall 

be guided by the instruction.· of the United States Department of 

Labor in is uing certificates to such persons. Each employer shall 

file monthly with the Code Authority a list of all such persons employed by him, showing the wages paid to, and the maximum hours 

of work for such employee. 
402 

ARTICLE IV-GENERAL LABOR PROVISIONS 

SECTIO~ 1. No person under 16 years of age shall be employed in 

the industry. No person under 18 years of age shall be employed in 

occupations or operations hazardous in nature or dangerous to health. 

The Code Authority shall submit to the Adn1ini trator for approval 

within sixty days after the effective elate of this Code, a list of 

such operations or occupations. In any state an employer shall be 

deemed to have complied with this provision as to age if he shall 

h ave on file a certificate or permit duly is~ued by the authority in 

such state empowered to issue employment or age certificates or 

permits showing that the employee is of the requir-ed age. 

SECTION 2. (a) Employees shall have the right to organize and 

bargain collectively, through representatives of their own choosing, 

and hall be free from the intederence, restraint, or coercion of 

employers of labor or their agent , in the designation of such representatives or in self-organization or in other concerted activities 

:for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or 

protection. 

(b) No employee and no one eeking employment shall be required as a condition of employment to join any company union 

or to refrain from joining organizing or assisting a labor organization of his own choosing, and 

( c) Employers shall comply with the maximum hours of labor, 

minimum rate · of pay, an l other conditions of employment approved 

or pre cribecl by the President. 

SECTION 3. No prC>vision in this Code shall super ede any state 

or federal law which imposes on e.mployers more stringent requirements as to age of employ es, wages, hours of work, or as to safety, 

health, sanitary or general working conditions, or insurance, or fire 

protection, than are imposed by this Code. 

SECTION 4. No employer sha.11 reclas ify employees or duties o:f 

occupations performed or engage in any other subterfuge for the 

purpose of defeating the purposes or provisions of the Act or of 

this Code. 

SECTION 5. Every employer hall make r ea ·onable provisions for 

the safety and health of hi employees at the place and during the 

hour of their employment. No work shall be lone or permitted in 

t enement, private houses, basem.ents or in any unsanitary buildings 

or buildings unsafe on account o:f fire risks. Within 60 days after 

the effective elate of thi Code, the Code Authority shall submit to 

the Admini trator :for hi approval, proposed minimum standards of 

safety and health for employees. 

SECTION 6. No home work hall be permitted after September 1, 

1934. 

· SECTION 7. -o employee shall be dismissed by reason of making 

a com1 laint or giving evidence with respect to an alleged violation 

of any Code or labor law. 

SE TION 8. All mployers shall post compli:>te copies of this Code 

in con picuous places acce ible to employees. 
Approved Code No. 444 Registry No. 922--02 

ERRATA SHEET 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

SHOE PATTERN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 

As Approved on May 26, 1934 

Article II, econd line, the word '' 1nodern " should be "model." 

109015°-1465-~-3~ 

a. I. I.OVERIIM ENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1931 
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403 

ARTICLE V-ORGANIZATION OF THE ConE AUTHORITY. 

SECTION 1. A Code Authority for the Shoe Pattern Manufactur- ing Industry_, hereinafter referred to as the Code Authority, is 

hereby constituted to cooperate with the Administrator in the 

administration of this Code. 

SECTION 2. The Code Authority shall consist of the board of 

directors o:f the N a.tional Shoe Pattern Manufacturers Association, 

and one member representing members of the industry who are not 

members of this Association, and one member representino· shoe 

manufacturers. In addition thereto the Administrator may appoint 

one to three non-voting members to the Code Authority to serve 

without expense to the industry. The election of the member representing the non-members of the Association and the member representing the shoe manufacturer shall be conducted by n. fair method 

subject to the approval of the Administrator. · 

SECTION 3. Any trade association, directly or indirectly participating in the selection or activiti0 s of the Code Authority, shall: 

(1) Impose no inequitable restrictions on membership, and 

(2) Submit to the Admini trator true copies of its articles of 

association and by-laws, regulations, and any amendments when 

made thereto, together with such other information as to membership, and organization activities as the Administrator may deem 

necessary to effectuate the purposes of the Act. 

SECTION 4. In order that the Code Authority shall at all times 

be truly representative of the industry and in other respects comply with the provisions of the Code the Administrator may require 

an appropriate modification in the composition and n1ethod of 

selection of the Code Authority, if after such notice and hearing 

as he may prescribe he shall find that the Code Authority is not 

truly representative or does not in other re pects comply with the 

provisions of the Code. 

SECTION 5. Nothing contained in this Code shall constitute the 

members of the Code Authority partners for any purpose; nor 

shall any member of the Code Authority be liable in any manner 

to anyone for an act of any other member, officer, agent, or 

employee of the Code Authority; nor shall a member of the Code 

Authority who is exercising reasonable diligence in the conduct 

of his duties hereunder, be liable to anyone for any action or omission to act under this Code, except for his wilful misfeasance or 

nonfeasance. 

ARTICLE VI-POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE CODE AUTHORITY 

· The Code Authority shall have the following powers and duties and 

such other powers and duties as may be necessary for the proper 

administration of this Code, the exercise of which shall he reported 

to the Administrator; and if the Administrator shall determine that 

any action of the Code Authority or any agency thereof may be 

unfair or unjust or contrary to the public interest, the Administrator 

n1ay require that such action be suspended to afford an opportunity 

for investigation of the merits of such action and further consider- , 
404 

ation by such Code Authority or agency pending final action which 

shall not be effectiYe unles the Aclmini trator approve or unle_s he 

shall fail to clic;:a pproYe ::titer 30 clays notice to him of intention to 

proceed with uch acti n in it orio·inal or modified form: 

SECTION 1. To coordinate the admini tration of thi Code throughout the indn tr with uch related codes, if any, as may affect the 

indu try or member. thereof. 

SECTION 2. To present to the Administrator, either on its own initiative or at the reque t f intere.~ted p::i.rties, recommendation ba ed 

on conditions in the industry a may develop from time to time, f or 

modification of or amendment to this Code. When any interested 

party c;:ubmits propo als for amendments to the Code Authority the 

Code Authority shall present such proposals to the Administrator, 

together with its recommendations for approval or di~approval. 

Upon approval by the Administrator after such hearing a· he may 

pre cribe, ·uch amendments hall become integral parts of thi Code. 

SECTION 3. It bejno· found nece :ar y to support the Admini tration 

of this Code, in order to effectuate the policy of the Act and to maintain the standards of fair competition established hereunder the 

Code Authority i · authorized : 

(a) To incur such reasonable obligations as are nece ary and 

proper :for the fore.going purposes and to meet such obligations out 

of funds which shall be held in trust for the purpos 0 s of the Code and 

rai ed as hereinafter proYided; 

(b) To ·ubmit to the A 1mini trator for his approval ubject to 

such notice and opportunity to be heard as he may deem neces ary : 

(1) An itemized budget of its estimated expenses for the foregoing 

purpo es and 

(2) An equitable basi · upon which the funds necessary to support 

such budget shall be contributed by all members of the industry entitled to the benefits accruing from the maintenance of such standard , and the administration thereof; 

( c) After such budget and basis of contribution have been approYed by the Admini trator, to determine and collect equitable contributions as above set forth, and to that end, if nece sary, to 

jnstitute legal proceedings therefor in its own name. 

Each member of the indu try hall be liable for his or it equitable 

contribution to the expenses of the maintenanc-e of the Code Authority a hereinabove provided. Failure by a member of the 

indu try to pay its equitable share of such expen e shall be a violation of this Code. 

SECTION 4. The Code Authority may appoint such committee or 

agents as it may deem n°cessary and may delegate to them uch 

of it powers and dutie a · it may deem proper for the admini tration of this Co le; provided, however that final re pon ibility a 

to any power or duties so deleo-ated shall remain with the Code 

Authority. 

SECTION 5. To appoint a trade practice committee which hall meet 

with the trade practice committees appointed by the Code Authorities 

of other ode which ma3 be related to the industry for the purpo e 

of formulating fair trade practi e to govern the r elation hip between such indu tries to the end that such fair trade practices may be 
405 

proposed to the Administrator as amendments to this Code and such 

other Codes. 

SECTION 6. Members of the industry shall file with a confidential 

agent or agents selected by the Code Authority, at such time and in 

such manner as may be prescribed by it, statistics covering number 

of employees, wage rates, employee earnings~ hours of work and such 

other data as may be necessary :for the proper administration o:f the 

Code, and required either by the Code Authority or by the Administrator. All individual reports submitted shall .be kept confidential 

and only general summaries thereof shall be published, provided, 

however, that any individual reports may be published with the 

written consent of any one submitting such reports, or if necessary 

to enforce the provisions of thjs Code. Failure on the part of any 

manufacturers in the industry promptly to supply such information 

on forms and in a manner provided by the Code as required nncler 

thi.; article shall be deemed a violation of this Code. 

SECTION 7. In addition to information required to be submitted to 

the Code Authority, members of the Industry shall furnish such statistical information as the Administrator may deem necessary for 

the purpo es recited in Section 3 (a) of the Act, to such Federal and 

State agencies as the Administrator may designr,,t . Nothing herein 

contained shall relieve any member of the industry of any existing 

obligation to furnish reports to Government ageJ1cies. 

SECTION 8. Such investigations a shall be necessary pursuant to 

complaints of violations of the provisions of this Code shall be performed for the Code Authority by a disinterested agent or agents 

selected by it. 

SECTION 9. The Code Authority may incorporate as a non-profit 

corporation. 

SECTION 10. When the Code Authority determines that an emergency exists in this industry because of destructive price cutting 

which is such as to render ineffective or s-Briously endanger the maintenance 0£ the provisions of this Code, it may cause to be determined 

the lowest reasonable cost of p1~oducts of this industry, such determi- nation to be subject to such notice and hearing as the Administrator 

may require. The Administrator may approve, disapprove or modify 

the determination. When it appears that conditions have changed, 

the Code Authority, upon its own initiative or upon the request of 

nny interested party, shall cause the determination to be reviewed. (a) For this purpose, cost is defined as the cost of materials, plus 

direct labor, plus an adequate amount of all overhead and sales expense as determined by cost acccunting methods recognized in the 

jnclustry ( and approved by the Code Authority constituted for 

enforcement of thjs Code as provided jn Article VI), which cost 

methods must be approved by the National Recovery Administration. 

ARTICLE VII-TRADE PRACTICE RULES 

SECTION 1. Open-price Listing.-Within 30 days after the effective 

date each member of the industry shall file with the Code Authority 

a complete list of prices, terms, discounts, and conditions of sale for 

the product and services of the industry, which shall remain in force 

unless and until superseded by filing with the Code Authority new 
406 

lists of prices, terms, discounts, and conditions of sale in place 

thereof. The Code Authority shall send promptly copies of all lists 

and revision so filed to all members of the industry. Each list so 

filed with the Code Authority shall state the date. on which it shall 

become effective, \vhich elate shall be not less than 5 days after filing 

with the Code Authority. The Code Authority shall furnish copies 

of uch price lists at cost to buyer upon request. 

A member of the indu try shall not "'ell his products at other 

prices or on other terms or conditions than set forth in his own p ·ice 

b st. Vfhen any member of the industry revises his price list, any 

other member of the indu try may revise his price list accordingly, 

to b eom effective on the same late a the revised price list fir t 

filed.

1 

SECTION 2. Inaccurate R ef erences to Oo11ipetit01·, etc.-No member of the industry shall publish advertising which refers inaccu- rately in any material particular to any competitors or to their 

goods, price , values, credit terms, policies or services. 

SECTION 3. Selling Below R c-ct8 onable Oost.-During the period 

of any en1ergency and after the lowest reasonable costs of products 

of the indu try have been approved in accordance with the provisions of Arti?le VII, it hall be an unfair trade practice for any 

member of the industry to ell or offer tq sell any products of the industry for which the lowei;,t reasonable cost has been determined, at 

such prices or upon uch terms or conditions of sale that the bnyer 

will pay le therefor than the lowest reasonable co t of such 

products. 

SECTION 4. Bribing E1nployees.-N o member of the industry shall 

give, permit to be given or directly offer to give, anything of value 

for the pnrpo e of influencing or rewarding the action of any em- ployee, agent or representative of another in relation to the bu iness 

of the employer of such employee, the principal of , uch agent or 

the represented party, without the knowledge of such employer, 

principal, or party. Thi provision shall not be con trued to pro- hibit free and general distribution of articles com-monly used for 

advertising except so far as such articles are actually used for com- mercial bribery a hereinabove defined . SECTION 5. Interf erence with Another's Oontracts.-N o member 

of the industry shall attempt to induce the breach of an existing ·contract between a competitor and Lis customer, or source of supply ; 

nor shall any such member interfere with or ob truct the performance of such contractual duties or services. No n1ernber of the jndns- try hall maliciously entice employees from a competitor for the 

purpose of interfering with his busine s. However, nothing in this 

paragraph shall prevent any employee from offering his service to 

a competitor, nor prevent any employer from employing the em- ployee of another member of th industry where the initiative in such 

change is taken by the employee. 

SECTION 6. Baiting.-To pay or offer to pay any part of a customer's employee's wages with the intent or effect of giving such 

pattern manufacturers a preference or undue advantage over his 

competitor is unfair competition and a violation of this Code. 

1 See paragraph 2 of order approving this Code. 
407 

SECTION 7. Secret Rebates.-No member of the industry shall 

secretly offer or make any payment or allowance of a rebate, refund, 

commission, .credit, or off er to make or make any unearned discount, 

or excess allowance, whether in the form of money or otherwise, nor 

shall a member of the industry off er or extend to any customer any 

special service or privilege not extended to all customers of the same 

class for the purpose of influencing a sale. 

,SECTION 8. Dispantgem,ent.-The defamation of competitors by 

falsely imputing to them dishonorable conduct, inability to perform 

contracts, questionable credit standing, or by other fals·e representations, or by the false di. paragement of th e grade or quality of their 

goods, is unfair competition and a violation of this Code. 

SECTION 9. Espiona_qe of Oo1npet-ito1°s.-Securing confidential information concerning the business of a competitor by a false or misleading statement or repre:entation, by a false impersonation of one 

in authority, by bribery, or by any other unfair method is unfair 

competition and a violabon of thjs Code. 

SECTION 10. Piracy.-To sell or off.er to sell or produce a model or 

pattern which is in fact a reasonably exact copy or duplicate model 

or pattern produced by another member of the industry without 

his consent and approval is unfair competition and a v.iolation of 

this Code. All models shall be plainly and conspicuously stamped 

or signed, and dated by the member of the industry producing the 

model and no member of the industry shall accept any model for the 

purpose of producing patterns which bear the stamp or signature 

of any other member of the industry without the consent of the 

one whose name appears on the model. Nor shRll any member of 

the industry make any patterns from models which do not bear 

a stamp and date, and to do so is unfair competition and a violation 

of this Code. 

ARTICLE VIII-MODIFICATIONS 

SECTION 1. This Code and all the provisions thereof are expressly 

made subject to the right of the President, in accordance with the 

provisions of subsection (b) of Section 10 of the Act, from time 

to time to cancel or modify any order, approval, license, rule, or 

regulation issued under said Act. 

SECTION 2. This Code, except as to provisions required by the Act, 

may be mod ified on the basis of experience or changes in circumstances, such modifications to be based upon appljcation to the Administrator and such notice and hearing as he shall specify, and 

to become effective on approval of the President. 

ARTICLE IX-MoxoroLrns, ETc. 

No provision of this Code shall be so applied as to permit monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppress, or discriminate 

against srnali enterprises. 

AnTICLE X -PmcR INCREASES 

Whereas the policy of the Act to increase real pm;:chasing power 

will be made more difficult of consummation if prices of goods and 
408 

services increase as rapidly as wages, it is r ecognized that price increases except such a · may be r equired to meet individual cost should 

be delayed, but when made uch incrl'.>ases should, so far as possible, 

be limited to a.ctual additional increases in the seller's costs. 

ARTICLE XI 

If any employer subject to this Code is also an employer in anv 

other indu try the proYi ions of this Code shall apply to and affect 

only that portion of his busines which is subject to this Code. 

ARTICLE XII-DATE EFFECTIVE 

This Code shall become effective 10 days after its approval by 

the President. 

Approved Cocl2 No. 444. 

Registry o. 922-02. 

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