NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

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No. 20-2200

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JUAN SEGUNDO PANDO AUCAY,

 Petitioner

v.

ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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On Petition for Review of an

Administrative Order of Removal

of the Department of Homeland Security 

(A098-495-529)

Immigration Judge: Mary Lee

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Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)

October 22, 2020

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Before: CHAGARES, GREENAWAY, JR., and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges.

(Opinion Filed: January 7, 2021)

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OPINION*

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* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 

does not constitute binding precedent.
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GREENAWAY, JR., Circuit Judge.

Juan Segundo Pando Aucay petitions for review of a decision of an Immigration 

Judge (“IJ”) concluding that he was not entitled to relief from reinstatement of a prior 

order of removal. The IJ concurred in the asylum officer’s conclusion that Pando Aucay 

had neither a reasonable fear of torture, as required for relief under the Convention 

Against Torture (“CAT”), nor a reasonable fear of persecution based on his race, religion, 

nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, as required for 

withholding of removal. Finding that the IJ provided no explanation for her decision, 

thus giving us nothing to review, we will grant the petition for review and remand for 

further proceedings. 

I. Background

Pando Aucay, a native and citizen of Ecuador, was ordered removed from the 

United States on August 29, 2007. That order was executed on December 3, 2012, when 

Pando Aucay was removed to Ecuador. Less than a month later, he illegally re-entered 

the United States on January 2, 2013. 

After returning to the United States, Pando Aucay lived in New Jersey until 

December 25, 2018, when he was arrested for a domestic violence offense. On 

December 28, 2018, the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) notified Pando 

Aucay of its intent to reinstate his prior removal order. In response, Pando Aucay 

“express[ed] a fear of returning to the country of removal,” as required by 8 C.F.R. 

§ 208.31(a). As a result, he was referred to an asylum officer for a reasonable fear 
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interview. See 8 C.F.R. § 208.31(b). The purpose of the reasonable fear interview is to

give the alien an opportunity to “establish[] a reasonable possibility that he or she would

be persecuted on account of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership in a 

particular social group or political opinion, or a reasonable possibility that he or she 

would be tortured in the country of removal.” 8 C.F.R. § 208.31(c). 

In his interview with the asylum officer, Pando Aucay was represented by counsel. 

During the interview, Pando Aucay expressed concern about four claims: (1) fear of 

reprisal from the coyote1to whom he still owed money; (2) concern about a robbery that 

took place shortly after his prior removal; (3) religious discrimination when he was a 

child attempting to attend school; and (4) crime, in general in Ecuador. The asylum 

officer concluded that none of these claims supported a reasonable possibility that Pando 

Aucay would be persecuted or tortured upon return to Ecuador. 

Pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 208.31(f), Pando Aucay sought review of this decision 

before an IJ. On May 11, 2020, Pando Aucay, represented by counsel, appeared before 

an IJ for a reasonable fear hearing.2 At the hearing, Pando Aucay testified and his 

counsel provided a closing statement. During his testimony, Pando Aucay raised an 

additional concern with returning to Ecuador – possible reprisal arising from his escape 

1 A coyote is “a person who smuggles immigrants into the U.S.” Coyote, 

Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary, https://unabridged.merriamwebster.com/unabridged/coyote (last visited January 5, 2021).

2 Pando Aucay appeared by video from the Pike County Detention Center, while 

his attorney appeared telephonically. 
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from a farm where he worked as a child laborer planting bananas and marijuana. After 

hearing the testimony and closing statement, the IJ rendered her decision, stating, in total:

To the respondent, sir, I, I sympathize with the reasons why you do not 

want to return to Ecuador. However, having reviewed the asylum officer’s 

interview notes, as well as your testimony today, I cannot conclude that 

there is a reasonable possibility that you would be persecuted in Ecuador on 

account of a protected basis. And those protected basis [sic] are race, 

religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, and political 

opinion. Moreover, I cannot conclude that there is a reasonable possibility

of torture in Ecuador by government officials. There is no direct 

administrative appeal of the Court’s decision today. But, you may be able 

to file a petition for review with the Third Circuit Court of Appeals. The 

Court affirms the Department of Homeland Security’s determination, and 

will return your case back to them for execution of your removal order. 

Despite my decision today, I wish you the very best, sir. Good luck. 

Thank you.

A.R. 17. 

The IJ also entered an order on May 11, 2020. The order was a form order. The 

box indicating that “[t]he immigration court concurs in the DHS Reasonable Fear 

Determination because:” was checked, but no reasons were provided on the form. 

A.R. 1. Further, the box indicating that “[a]dditional reasoning is not continued on 

a separate sheet” was also checked. A.R. 1. 

II. Discussion

We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1). Romero v. Att’y 

Gen., 972 F.3d 334, 340 (3d Cir. 2020). We review an IJ’s reasonable fear 

determination for substantial evidence. Id. at 342. 

In order to engage in that analysis, there must be “something for us to 
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review.” Abdulai v. Ashcroft, 239 F.3d 542, 555 (3d Cir. 2001) (emphasis in 

original). See also Sathanthrasa v. Att’y Gen., 968 F.3d 285, 295 (3d Cir. 2020) 

(“[W]e may affirm an agency’s decision only on ‘the grounds invoked by the 

agency’ and the concomitant rule that those grounds ‘must be set forth with such 

clarity as to be understandable.’” (quoting SEC v. Chenery Corp., 332 U.S. 194, 

196 (1947)); Awolesi v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 227, 229 (3d Cir. 2003) (“[W]e cannot

give meaningful review to a decision in which the BIA does not explain how it 

came to its conclusion.”). The need for an articulate explanation is not restricted 

to decisions of the BIA but also extends to decisions made by an IJ. Sathanthrasa, 

968 F.3d at 298 (finding that statement in a “stray footnote” in the IJ’s decision 

“leaves us with nothing of substance to review”).

Here, we are presented with, literally, a blank page to review. The order 

includes no explanation for the IJ’s decision at all. Even the statements made by 

the IJ at the reasonable fear hearing provide no insight. At the hearing, the IJ 

simply stated that “I cannot conclude that there is a reasonable possibility that you 

would be persecuted in Ecuador on account of a protected basis. . . . Moreover, I 

cannot conclude that there is a reasonable possibility of torture in Ecuador by 

government officials.” A.R. 17. These sentences do not explain the reasons for 

the IJ’s decision, nor do they allow us to engage in any meaningful review of that 

decision. 

III. Conclusion
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In light of the lack of any explanation for the IJ’s negative reasonable fear

determination, we will grant the petition for review, vacate the order of removal 

and remand for further proceedings.