UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS 

NO. 00-2382

MICHAEL D. COTANT, APPELLANT,

V.

ANTHONY J. PRINCIPI,

SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.

On Appeal from the Board of Veterans' Appeals

(Decided June 6, 2003 )

Ronald L. Smith, of Washington, D.C., was on the pleadings for the appellant.

Tim S. McClain, General Counsel; R. Randall Campbell, Acting Assistant General Counsel;

Michael A. Leonard, Deputy Assistant General Counsel; and Kate Gorney, all of Washington, D.C.,

were on pleadings for the appellee.

Before FARLEY, IVERS, and STEINBERG, Judges.

STEINBERG, Judge: The appellant, Michael D. Cotant, through counsel, seeks review of

an August 21, 2000, decision of the Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board or BVA) that denied his

claim for Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) service connection for degenerative joint disease

(DJD) of the right hip. Record (R.) at 1-9. The appellant filed a brief and a reply brief, and the

Secretary filed a brief. In response to a February 2002 Court order, the appellant filed a

supplemental brief and a supplemental reply brief, and the Secretary filed a supplemental brief. In

January 2003, the parties filed a joint response to a December 2002 Court order. For the reasons set

forth below, theCourtwill reverse theBoard decision and remand the matter for further proceedings.
2

I. Relevant Background

The veteran served on active duty in the U.S. Navy from May 1980 to September 1992, when

he was honorably discharged. R. at 11-17. For his service, his awards included the National Defense

Service Medal and the Navy Expeditionary Medal. R. at 11, 13, 15. His May 1980 Navy entrance

medical examination report noted that the veteran previously had been medically discharged from

the U.S. Army National Guard because of a "bruised hip". R. at 23. Otherwise, except for a request

to examine the veteran for high blood pressure, this May 1980 report indicated that "[a]ll significant

defects, if any, have been evaluated and have been determined to be non-disqualifying." R. at 27.

On September 21, 1992, the veteran filed an application for VA service connection for, inter

alia, "degenerative/cystic changes of the [right] femoral head." R. at 363-66. A January 1993 VA

regional office (RO) decision deferred consideration of his claim until it had gathered the veteran's

preservice medical records from his private physician, Dr. Donald M. Gentry. R. at 393-95. In

April 1993, the VARO received the veteran's private medical records, dated between 1959 and 1974.

R. at 397-411. A February 1962 entry noted that the veteran had "pain and limp in right hip" and

noted a "history of injury on bicycle last fall." R. at 399. The records also indicated that the veteran

was fitted for a leg brace in 1963. Ibid. A January 1993 VA compensation and pension (C&P)

examination report stated: "Right hip. Patient does have a very significant limp and does note that

he has constant pain there. I will defer the x-rays to the radiologist, but would imagine that he will

begin having problems in his other joints including his knees and other hip secondary to the limp."

R. at 557. There is no subsequent radiological report in the record on appeal (ROA). See

R. at 1-624. 

In a May 1993 decision, the RO denied the veteran's claim for VA service connection for "a

right[-]hip condition" because the evidence showed that "this condition preexisted military duty and

was not permanently aggravated during active duty." R. at 519. The veteran appealed that

determination to the Board in October 1993 (R. at 534); however, the procedural history following

the veteran's appeal is unclear from the ROA (see R. at 1-624). In September 1996, the veteran's

representative forwarded to an RO a letter from Dr. Gentry that stated: "I have reviewed Mike

Cotant's medical record which dates back to when he was a child. It reveals he had Legg[-]Perthes

disease of the right hip before he joined the military service, the result of which left him with
3

significant degenerative joint changes of the hip[,] which in my opinion was aggravated by the

activities he did in the service." R. at 578. In December 1997, the Board remanded the veteran's

claim to the RO in order to obtain pertinent medical records and conduct an additional VA

examination. R. at 588-93. 

In April 1998, the RO received from Dr. Gentry's office additional private medical records,

dated between 1980 and 1998. R. at 595-602, 613. Dr. Mark R. Rangitsch conducted a VA C&P

examination in June 1998; he diagnosed the veteran as having "Perthes disease of the right hip with

degenerative arthritis of the right hip" and concluded: 

The nature of the leg calf Perthes disease this patient has is consistent

with the problems he is currently having. The patient['s] developing

Perthes at 8 years of age and [being] treated with bracing and casting

has likely developed degenerative arthritis in his hip as time goes

along. As to whether the pre-existing disease would have manifested

arthritic changes, this is impossible to entirely say, but it is very

common for a patient who is diagnosed with Perthes at a late age of

8 years to develop significant degenerative arthritis. As to whether

this is accelerated by his military service, it is impossible to say.

Certainly, the activities he performed could have accelerated the hip

disease. However, it is most likely that the natural process of his

disease would have resulted in him developing this hip problem even

at this early age. This is not uncommon, and I would feel it is more

likely that the hip disease was due to underlying Perthes disease and

the natural processes of aging as the disease would progress versus

being aggravated or significantly increased by his service activities.

R. at 605. The examination report noted that the examiner did not initially have access to the

veteran's medical records (R. at 604), but in January 2000, after reviewing two volumes of the

veteran's medical records, Dr. Rangitsch submitted a supplementary letter in which he concluded:

[I] feel the degenerative arthritis of the right hip, which is due to preexisting Perthes disease, would likely have occurred even in the

absence of active military service. I feel it is most likely that the

underlying disease had went [sic] through a natural aging process,

which is commonly seen in patients who develop Perthes disease,

specifically at a later age such as 8, as the patient states was the case.

Therefore, I would have to continue my opinion that this was a

natural process of aging and was not significantly aggravated by his

service-related activities. 
4

(R. at 609). 

In the August 2000 BVA decision here on appeal denying the veteran's claim for service

connection for DJD of the right hip, the Board determined that the veteran's claim for VA service

connection for DJD of the right hip was well grounded within the meaning of section 5107(a) as in

effect at that time. R. at 3. The Board found, pursuant to 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b) (1999), that clear

and unmistakable evidence demonstrated that the veteran's "right hip arthritis" preexisted service,

even though that disability was not noted during his May 1980 entrance examination. R. at 3, 6. In

making that finding, the Board relied on a March 1980 medical record (not included in the ROA)

from the veteran's private physician that referred to "x-ray evidence of arthritis changes at the head

of the right femur." R. at 6.

The Board further found, by virtue of the application of the benefit-of-the-doubt rule under

38 U.S.C. § 5107(b), that the "positive evidence was in a state of equipoise with the negative

evidence on the question of whether or not there was an increase in severity of the preexisting

disorder during service" and thus concluded that the veteran's hip condition had increased in severity

during service. R. at 7. The Board then determined that, pursuant to 38 C.F.R. § 3.306 (1999), the

aggravation of his disability was due to the natural progression of the disease:

A presumption of aggravation arises when there is a finding that a

preexisting disability increased in severity during service. 38 C.F.R.

§ 3.306. Although the veteran's private physician, Dr. Gentry,

indicated in a statement that the veteran's condition was aggravated

by the activities in service, there is no indication that the veteran's

claims file was reviewed[,] to include service medical records

[(SMRs)]. In addition, Dr. Gentry gave no rationale or explanation

for his opinion. In contrast, the VA examiner's opinion concluded

that the hip disease was due to the underlying Legg-Perthes disease

and the natural progresses of aging as the disease would progress

versus being aggravated or significantly increased by his service

activities. The Board gives more weight to the June 1998 VA

examiner's opinion, because, unlike the private physician's opinion,

it was preceded by a thorough clinical examination, which is of

record, and a review of the claims file[,] to include [SMR]s.

Moreover, the VA examiner's review of the entire medical record and

the detailed rationale for the conclusion that the right[-]hip disorder

underwent a natural progression of the underlying disease, the Board

finds that the opinions offered by the VA examiner rise to the higher
5

level of clear and unmistakable evidence sufficient to rebut the

presumption of aggravation.

R. at 7. 

 

II. Contentions of the Parties and Procedural History 

In his June 2001 brief, the appellant argues that the August 2000 BVA decision should be

reversed and the matter remanded to the Board "with an instruction that Mr. Cotant be awarded

service connection." Brief (Br.) at 11-37. The appellant contends that (1) "the Board committed

legal error by finding that the equivocal statements of Dr. Rangitsch were legally sufficient to satisfy

the clear and unmistakable evidence standard of [38 U.S.C. §] 1111" and (2) "theBoard further erred

by applying [section] 1153 in a case where the veteran had the benefit of the [section] 1111

presumption of aggravation and the VA had the burden to prove [by clear and unmistakable

evidence] that any disease or injury found to have preexisted service had not been aggravated in

service." Br. at 11-21. In response to a March 2001 order of this Court directing the parties to

address whether an appellant should be permitted to waive consideration on appeal of any rights he

had under the Veterans Claims Assistance Act of 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-475, 114 Stat. 2096 (Nov. 9,

2000) (VCAA), the appellant maintains that such a waiver is permissible and that the Court should

accept his waiver of the consideration of the VCAA in his appeal. Br. at 21-37. 

In his brief, the Secretary argues that the Court should affirm the Board decision; he contends

that the Board correctly applied the section 1153 presumption of aggravation to the appellant's claim

after it determined that the appellant had a preexisting hip condition. Br. at 18. The Secretary argues

that the statutory scheme should be interpreted as follows:

Where a veteran enrolls for service, he is taken to be in sound

condition [except] for disorders noted or found upon examination, or

where clear and unmistakable evidence demonstrates that the injury

or disease existed before enrollment and was not aggravated by such

service. (38 U.S.C. § 1111). But where there is a preexisting

condition, it will be considered to be aggravated by service when

there is an increase in disability during such service, unless there is a

specific finding that the increase in disability is due to the natural

progress of the disease. (38 U.S.C. § 1153).
6

Br. at 17-18. On the issue of waiver of VCAA consideration on appeal, the Secretary "agrees that

waiver is appropriate in this case." Br. at 8. 

In his reply brief, the appellant contests the Secretary's interpretation of the interplay between

sections 1111 and 1153. He argues as follows:

Although both statutes refer to "aggravation" of a preexisting

condition, [section] 1111, by its express terms is applicable only in

one circumstance, i.e., when a veteran has claimed service connection

for a mental or physical disability which was not "noted" at the time

of examination, acceptance, and enrollment for service. If the

veteran's entrance examination "notes" the disability for which he or

she is claiming service connection, [section] 1111 has no application

and VA adjudicators must then turn to [section] 1153 to determine

whether the disability noted at induction was "aggravated." 

Reply Br. at 3. 

In February 2002, the Court issued a supplemental briefing order directing the parties to

address the impact on this case of the opinion of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

(Federal Circuit) in Davis (John F.) v. Principi, 276 F.3d 1341 (Fed. Cir. 2002). Cotant v. Principi,

15 Vet.App. 431, 431-32 (2002) (per curiam order). In that opinion, the Federal Circuit applied,

without analysis, section 1153 in a case where the preexisting condition was not noted at entry but,

as provided for in section 1111, had been found to be preexisting by the Board based on clear and

unmistakable evidence, thereby rebutting the presumption of sound condition established by

section 1111. Davis (John F.), 276 F.3d at 1343-44. 

The appellant filed a supplemental brief in March 2002; he argues that Davis (John F.) is

irrelevant to this appeal because the decision did not "address the mutual exclusivity of [section]

1111 and [section] 1153 or construe, in application or otherwise, their relationship to one another."

Supplemental (Suppl.) Br. at 2. The Secretary filed a supplemental brief in April 2002; he argues

that the Federal Circuit's opinion in Davis (John F.) is instructive in clarifying (1) that section 1111

contains only the presumption of soundness, and not an additional presumption of aggravation as

urged by the appellant and (2) that section 1153 establishes and defines the presumption of

aggravation. Suppl. Br. at 6-9. Moreover, the Secretary contends that Davis (John F.) and several

opinions of this Court exemplify that sections 1111 and 1153 have both been applied to a single
7

claim and are not "mutually exclusive." Suppl. Br. at 11. The appellant filed a reply brief

disagreeing with the Secretary's position and arguing that Davis (John F.) held only that "'evidence

of temporary flare-ups symptomatic of an underlying preexisting condition, alone, is not sufficient

for a non-combat veteran to show increased disability under [section 1153] unless the underlying

condition is worsened.'" Suppl. Reply Br. at 1-2 (quoting Davis (John F.), 276 F.3d at 1346-47).

On July 30, 2002, the Court issued, sua sponte, an order staying this matter pending the

outcome of Jordan (Timothy) v. Principi, U.S. Vet. App. No. 00-206 (Notice of Appeal (NOA) filed

Jan. 9, 2000) [hereinafter Jordan] or further order of the Court, because the issues involved in the

two cases – regarding proper interpretation of 38 U.S.C. §§ 311 and 353 (1979) (now sections 1111

and 1153, respectively) and the validity of 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b) (1982) (now 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b)

(2002)) – are substantially similar. Moreover, the same counsel represents the appellants in the two

cases. In a September 26, 2002, opinion, the Court in Jordan affirmed a November 1999 Board

decision that had determined that there was no clear and unmistakable error (CUE) in an April 1983

Board decision that had denied the appellant's claim for VA service connection for a right-knee

disorder based on a theory of aggravation of a preexisting injury or disease. Jordan v. Principi, No.

00-206, 2002 WL 31163854 (Vet. App. Sept. 26, 2002), withdrawn, 2002 WL31445159 (Vet. App.

Nov. 1, 2002). The Court rejected the appellant's statutory-interpretation argument that,

notwithstanding 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b) (1982), the provisions of 38 U.S.C. § 353 (1979) were

inapplicable to an aggravation claim (1) where the Board had found (in a BVA decision under

collateral attack) that a veteran's condition that had not been noted at entry was preexisting on the

ground that the presumption of sound condition, pursuant to 38 U.S.C. § 311 (1979), had been

rebutted by clear and unmistakable evidence showing that the condition had preexisted service, and

(2) where the Board had denied service connection because it found that the evidence did not support

a finding that the disability had increased in severity during service. Jordan, 2002 WL 31163854,

at *12-14. 

On October 17, 2002, the parties in Jordan filed a joint motion for panel reconsideration

based on newly discovered legislative and regulatory history and recommended that the Court

invalidate 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b) to the extent that it provides that "the presumption of sound

condition may be rebutted solely by clear and unmistakable evidence that a disease or injury existed
8

prior to service" – that is, without also requiring clear and unmistakable evidence that the disease

or injury was not aggravated in service. Jordan Joint Motion (Mot.) at 11. On November 1, 2002,

the Court granted that joint motion and withdrew its September 26, 2002, opinion. Jordan, 2002 WL

31445159, at *2 (quoting Jordan Joint Mot. at 11). The Court directed the parties to provide full

copies of all pertinent materials regarding congressional intent in connection with 38 U.S.C. §§ 311

and 353 (1979) and the meaning of the language "and was not aggravated by such service" in

section 311. Jordan, 2002 WL 31445159, at *3. The parties responded on November 18, 2002. 

On December 30, 2002, the Court issued a supplemental briefing order in the instant case

directing the parties (1) to show cause why the Court should not take judicial notice of the

October 17 and November 18, 2002, pleadings filed in Jordan and proceed to decide the

section 311/§ 3.304(b) issue in the instant case; and (2) to include in their responses their views on

the remedy in this case if the Court were to invalidate § 3.304(b) to the extent recommended by the

parties in Jordan. 

The parties filed a joint response on January 10, 2003. In that response, the parties request

that the Court take judicial notice of the October 17 and November 18, 2002, pleadings filed in

Jordan. Joint Response (Resp.) at 3. The joint response states: 

The pleadings discuss the legislative history behind that statute and

state that the law provides for a two-step process to rebut the

presumption of sound condition, in that, not only must . . . [VA] find

by clear and unmistakable evidence that the condition existed prior to

service, but also, by clear and unmistakable evidence, find that the

condition was not aggravated therein.

Id. at 4. The joint response further urges:

In accordance with the pleadings filed in Jordan, the parties ask[] that

the Court invalidate 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b), to the extent that it is not

consistent with [section] 1111. The parties submit that invalidation

of 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b) to the extent requested would bear

significantly on the instant case, as the Board decision on appeal

made specific findings relying on 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b), and made

findings regarding clear and unmistakable evidence on the issue of

aggravation.
9

Ibid. The parties request that the Court remand the case for "proper application of the correct law."

Ibid. 

III. Analysis

A. VCAA Waiver

The VCAA, inter alia, amended 38 U.S.C. § 5103 ("Notice to claimants of required

information and evidence") and added 38 U.S.C. § 5103A ("Duty to assist claimants"). VCAA

§ 3(a), 114 Stat. at 2096-98. The Court subsequently issued its opinion in the Holliday case, wherein

the Court held "that all provisions of the VCAA are potentially applicable to claims pending on the

date of the VCAA's enactment." Holliday v. Principi, 14 Vet.App. 280, 286 (2001), mot. for recons.

denied, 14 Vet.App. 327 (per curiam order), mot. for full Court review denied, 15 Vet.App. 21

(2001) (en banc order). Subsequent to the VCAA’s enactment and this Court’s decision in Holliday,

supra, the Federal Circuit issued two opinions addressing retroactive application of the notice and

assistance requirements set forth in VCAA section 3(a). As to cases pending before the Federal

Circuit at the time of the VCAA's enactment, that court held that section 3(a) (amending 38 U.S.C.

§§ 5102, 5103, and 5103A) is not applicable. Bernklau v. Principi, 291 F.3d 795, 803-06 (Fed. Cir.

2002); Dyment v. Principi, 287 F.3d 1377, 1385 (Fed. Cir. 2002). This Court applied those holdings

to cases that were pending before it on the VCAA's enactment date. See Stephens v. Principi,

16 Vet.App. 191, 193 (2002) (per curiam order); Shoffner v. Principi, 16 Vet.App. 208, 215 (2002).

In this case, the appellant filed his NOA on December 18, 2000, seeking review of the

August 21, 2000, BVA decision. Pursuant to the Court's holding in Juarez v. Principi, the claim

denied by the August 2000 BVA decision was still pending before VA as of the date of the VCAA's

enactment and, thus, the VCAA is applicable to the appellant's claim. Juarez, 16 Vet.App. 518, 521

(2002) (remanding claim pursuant to Holliday, supra, "[b]ecause, as of the November 9, 2000,

enactment of the VCAA, the 120-day judicial-appeal period had not yet expired and the appellant

had not filed an NOA, [and, therefore,] the claims denied by the September 2000 BVA decision were

still pending before VA"). As noted above, the parties agree that the appellant, represented by

counsel here, should be permitted to waive this Court's consideration on appeal of any VCAA rights

that he might have. See Janssen v. Principi, 15 Vet.App. 370, 374 (2001) (holding that claimant
10

represented by counsel may waiveCourt consideration on appeal of VCAA protections "ifthat is his

or her clearly stated, informed, and voluntary desire"). Because we will reverse the Board decision,

however, we need not address that issue. 

B. Applicable Law and Regulation

The following are the principal statutory and regulatory provisions involved in the issues on

appeal. Section 1111 of title 38 of the U.S. Code provides: 

§ 1111. Presumption of sound condition

For the purposes of section 1110 of this title, every veteran

shall be taken to have been in sound condition when examined,

accepted, and enrolled for service, except as to defects, infirmities, or

disorders noted at the time of the examination, acceptance, and

enrollment, or where clear and unmistakable evidence demonstrates

that the injury or disease existed before acceptance and enrollment

and was not aggravated by such service.

38 U.S.C. § 1111. Section 1153 of title 38 of the U.S. Code provides:

§ 1153 Aggravation

A preexisting injury or disease will be considered to have

been aggravated by active military, naval, or air service, where there

is an increase in disability during such service, unless there is a

specific finding that the increase in disability is due to the natural

progress of the disease.

38 U.S.C. § 1153. Regulatory § 3.304(b) provides:

§ 3.304 Direct Service Connection; wartime and peacetime.

. . . . 

(b) Presumption of Soundness. The veteran will be

considered to have been in sound condition when examined, accepted

and enrolled for service, except as to defects, infirmities, or disorders

noted at entrance into service, or where clear and unmistakable

(obvious or manifest) evidence demonstrates that an injury or disease

existed prior thereto. Only such conditions as are recorded in

examination reports are to be considered as noted.
11

38 C.F.R. 3.304(b) (2002). Regulatory §3.306(b) provides:

§ 3.306 Direct Service Connection; wartime and peacetime.

(a) General. A preexisting injury or disease will be

considered to have been aggravated by active military, naval, or air

service, where there is an increase in disability during such service,

unless there is a specific finding that the increase in disability is due

to the natural progress of the disease. 

(b) Wartime service; peacetime service after December 31,

1946. Clear and unmistakable evidence (obvious or manifest) is

required to rebut the presumption of aggravation where the preservice

disability underwent an increase in severity during service. This

includes medical facts and principles which may be considered to

determine whether the increase is due to the natural progress of the

condition. Aggravation may not be conceded where the disability

underwent no increase in severity during service on the basis of all

the evidence of record pertaining to the manifestations of the

disability prior to, during and subsequent to service.

38 C.F.R. 3.306(a), (b) (2002).

C. Section 1111 and Regulatory § 3.304(b) 

1. Judicial Notice of Jordan Pleadings 

The parties urge the Court to take judicial notice of the October 17, 2002, Jordan joint

motion and November 18, 2002, subsequent pleadings. Joint Resp. at 3. The Court may take

judicial notice of "'whatever is generally known within [its] jurisdiction[].'" Brannon v. Derwinski,

1 Vet.App. 314, 316 (1991); see Shephard v. Gober, 10 Vet.App. 486, 487 (1997) (taking judicial

notice of ROA and pleadings filed in concurrent cases); see generally MacMillan Bloedel Ltd. v.

Flintkote Co., 760 F.2d 580, 587 (5th Cir. 1985) (upholding decision of district court to take "judicial

notice of related proceedings and recordsin cases before the same court"); St. Louis Baptist Temple,

Inc. v. Fed. Deposit Ins. Corp., 605 F.2d 1169, 1171-72 (10th Cir. 1979) (upholding decision of

district court to take judicial notice of prior litigation before it because "[j]udicial notice is

particularly applicable to the court's own records of prior litigation closely related to the case before

it"). In this case, we will take judicial notice of the October 17, 2002, Jordan joint motion and

November 18, 2002, subsequent pleadings because both cases raise the question of the proper
12

interpretation of sections 1111 and 1153 and the validity of the pertinent part of 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b)

under that interpretation.

In the parties' January 2003 joint response, the Secretary joined with the appellant, as he also

ultimately did in Jordan, Jordan Joint Mot. at 11, in urging that the Court "invalidate

38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b), to the extent that it is not consistent with [section] 1111." Joint Resp. at 4.

For the reasons set forth below, however, the Court will decline the Secretary's highly unusual

invitation to invalidate in part his own regulation in § 3.304(b). 

2. Section 1111 

In the Jordan joint motion for reconsideration, the parties advised the Court of newly

discovered legislative history in connection with the 1943 enactment of section 9 of Public Law 78-

144, as well as of a 1944 opinion of the chief legal officer of the Veterans' Administration, then

called the Solicitor, interpreting that provision. Joint Mot. at 2. The Jordan joint motion and the

Secretary's November 18, 2002, response to the Court's November 1, 2002, order in Jordan include

material from a 1943 Senate committee report and a floor debate in the House of Representatives

not made available to the Court before submission of the Jordan joint motion. Joint Mot. at 3-10;

Sec'y Nov. 18, 2002, Resp. at Exhibit (Ex.) B (S. REP. NO. 403-78 (1943) [hereinafter 1943

S.REP.]). At that time, the applicable statutory provision, Veterans Regulation No. 1(a) (Reg. 1(a)),

set forth the presumption of soundness:

That for the purposes of paragraph I(a) hereof every person

employed in the active military or naval service for 90 days or more,

shall be taken to have been in sound condition when examined,

accepted and enrolled for service except as to defects, infirmities or

disorders noted at time of examination, acceptance and enrollment,

or where evidence, or medical judgment is such as to warrant a

finding that the injury or disease existed prior to acceptance and

enrollment.

Reg. 1(a), Part I, para. I(b), 38 U.S.C.A. app. ch. 12. The Senate committee report contained an

analysis of the bill as it had been passed by the House. That report indicated that the House had

made the presumption of sound condition irrebuttable (as it had apparently been in section 200 of

the World War Veterans' Act, 1924, as amended) by removing the provision for rebuttal of that

presumption by evidence or medical judgment. 1943 S.REP. at 2, 9. That report also contained the
13

following statement by the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs (the predecessor of the Secretary of

Veterans Affairs) as to the House-passed amendment:

[I]t is the view of the Veterans' Administration that elimination of all

provisions for rebuttal of the presumption of soundness except as to

defects, infirmities, or disorders noted at time of examination,

acceptance, and enrollment, is too far-reaching and cannot be

justified. Even with the greatest of care, medical officers in the

armed forces cannot possibly discover all existing diseases or

disabilities and since compensation or pension is payable for

aggravation of preexisting disabilities under Veterans Regulation No.

1(a), as amended, it seems only fair that the Government should be

properly safeguarded so that payment of compensation or pension

will be made only for disabilities incurred in service, or aggravation

of disabilities which the person had when he entered the service, even

though such disabilities may not have been noted at the time of

examination, acceptance, or enrollment.

1943 S.REP. at 6. The Administrator then recommended to the Senate committee the insertion into

the statute of "or where clear and unmistakable evidence demonstrates that the injury or disease

existed prior to acceptance and enrollment." Ibid. The committee not only added this language,

thereby making the presumption of soundness "rebuttable", but also added "'and was not aggravated

by such active military or naval service' to make clear the intention to preserve the right in

aggravation cases." Id. at 2. 

When the Senate-amended bill returned to the House for consideration, the "not aggravated"

language was a specific focus of debate. The following exchange occurred between Representative

Judd and Representative Rankin, then the Chairman of the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs:

Mr. JUDD. I think it is much better as it is except for one word, and

I admit I do not know how to correct it. That word "aggravate" is

administratively impossible. How can a doctor prove that a thing has

not been aggravated by the man's service, or how many veterans will

ever admit that it was not aggravated? "Aggravate" is a matter of

degree, and usually impossible to measure.

Mr. RANKIN. I understand.

Mr. JUDD. I do not know how any doctor is going to be able to

prove one way or the other.
14

Mr. RANKIN. I will say to the gentleman that the word "aggravate"

is now sanctified by time and usage. It has been in the veterans' law

ever since the last World War. If a man went into the service in the

last war with a disability and that disability was aggravated by his

service his disability was held to be service-connected. For instance,

we will take a case in the present war. A man comes in with a

nervous tendency that is not pronounced enough to cause the Army

to reject him, or the Navy to reject him, but he goes through Pearl

Harbor or he is on a vessel that is bombed and men are killed all

around him and the ship is blown to pieces[;] it might aggravate that

disability without touching him. It might aggravate his condition to

such an extent that he would be a total nervous wreck. Then he

should be entitled to hospital care and such other benefits as are

provided for service-connected disabilities. 

Mr. JUDD. I think the gentlemen is right in agreeing to make this bill

provide the burden of proof shall be upon the Government to show

that the condition did exist previous to entry into service, rather than

having the burden of proof on the veteran to show that it did not exist

before he entered the service. That is the fair thing to do, just like in

baseball where a tie is decided in favor of the runner. There ought to

be a presumption in favor of the veteran in this case as well.

But, with the word aggravated in there it is going to be almost

impossible ever to keep some from getting pensions that ought not to

get them.

Mr. RANKIN. So far as the word aggravated is concerned, as a

practicable proposition, it is not subject to a doctor['s] technical

diagnosis or doctor['s] medical terminology, as used by an

experienced physician such as the gentleman from Minnesota would

give it in writing up his report on a special case involving a technical

diagnosis.

Mr. JUDD. I understand.

Sec'y Nov. 18, 2002, Resp., Ex. C (1943 CONG. REC. 7165 (1943)).

Subsequently, on February 7, 1944, the VA Solicitor issued an opinion contemporaneous

with the enactment of the new language in section 9 of the new Public Law. That opinion interpreted

the new section, in pertinent part, as follows:
15

As to noted disabilities the section is silent as to how the question of

aggravation shall be adjudicated. However, as to those defects or

disorders which were not noted but where clear and unmistakable

evidence demonstrates that they existed prior to acceptance and

enrollment the section, as amended, requires that any finding to the

effect such preexisting defect or disorder was not aggravated must be

demonstrated by clear and unmistakable evidence. In other words, as

far as the specific language of the amendment is concerned, the only

cases in which aggravation must be rebutted by clear and

unmistakable evidence are those in which the defect or disorder was

not noted. As to noted disabilities a specific finding that the increase

is due to the natural progress of the disease as provided in 1 (a), Part

I, Veterans Regulation 1 (a), is sufficient to deny the claim.

. . . .

The mandate of the statute as to the manner in which

aggravation must be refuted in those cases where there was a preexisting injury or disease not noted at time or enlistment may be

said to create a rebuttable presumption of soundness with a

provision that even where rebutted by clear and unmistakable

evidence, there is a presumption of aggravation which itself is

rebuttable but only by clear and unmistakable evidence. To this

extent clearly[,] Paragraph 1 (d) relating to aggravation of a disease

or injury pre-existing at enlistment or induction is modified.

. . . . 

. . . The matter really resolves itself into prescribing

administratively what proof is acceptable and I can seen no valid

reason, legal or otherwise, for the Administrator attempting to

differentiate as between 1(d) [now section 1153] and 9(b) [now

section 1111], especially when as has been represented, unless such

practice is adopted[,] the administrative difficulties presented will be

so confounding as to impede and forestall an effective and

expeditious administration of the law. Further, since the principles

relied upon formerly in both section 1(b) and (d) [now section 1153]

were limited, if not eliminated, by the amendment to (b), it would

seem the [better] part of wisdom – even though literally not requisite

under accepted rules of construction – to approximate the permissive

procedures under (d) [now section 1153] to those required by (b) as

amended. If there were any doubt as to this, the legislative history,

both written and otherwise, leaves no doubt as to the purpose of the

legislators to establish service connection by way of aggravation of
16

a pre-existing disability, noted or not noted, if the Government later

discharged the person for such disability. The law should be

administered in light of such purpose, even though one may innately

harbor reservations as to the soundness of the underlying reasons. 

Subject to the above observations, it seems to me that your

question may be answered in the affirmative, namely, that where the

requisite proof is available a [sic] showing that the person's

condition on discharge was the same as at time of enlistment or

induction, such showing would constitute clear and unmistakable

evidence that there was no aggravation of his disability. This would

be true either under 1 (d) [now section 1153] or 9 (b) [now section

1111].

Sec'y Nov. 18, 2002 Resp., Ex. F (72 Op. Sol. 298, 300-02 (1944)) (emphasis added).

The foregoing materials provide justification forthe parties' position that § 3.304(b) conflicts

with the section 1111 presumption of sound condition. The regulatory history of § 3.304(b),

however, is not quite so persuasive. 

3. 38 C.F.R. § 3.304(b)

There are numerous factors that have led the Court to the conclusion that, rather than

invalidate § 3.304(b), we should instead send this issue back to the Secretary to resolve. Although

the legislative history of section 1111 is well documented, see part III.B.2., above, the regulatory

history of § 3.304(b) is more enlightening for what it does not provide than for what it does provide.

 The implementing regulation for the forerunner of section 1111 was found in VA Regulation

1063 (1946). Paragraph (B) of that regulation specifically included the "not aggravated" clause

consistent with the 1943 Public Law: 

(B) For the purposes of paragraph 1(a), Part I, Veterans

Regulation No. 1(a), as amended July 4, 1943, every person employed

in active service shall be taken to have been in sound condition when

examined, accepted and enrolled for service except as to defects,

infirmities or disorders noted at the time of the examination or where

clear and unmistakable evidence demonstrates that the injury or

disease existed prior to acceptance and enrollment and was not

aggravated by such service.
17

Sec'y Nov. 18, 2002, Resp. at Ex. G (emphasis added). The crucial "not aggravated" language was

repeated in paragraph (D), which provided in full:

(D) "Clear and unmistakable" means obvious or manifest.

Accordingly, evidence which makes it obvious or manifest, [sic] that

the injury or disease under consideration existed prior to acceptance

and enrollment for service will satisfy the requirements of the statute.

The requirement of the law is that claims to which the above cited

presumptions apply may be denied only on the basis of evidence

which clearly and unmistakably demonstrates that the disease did not

originate in service, or, if increased in service, was not aggravated

thereby.

Ibid. (emphasis added). Further clouding the picture regarding the closing reference in the above

quotation to "increased in service" was paragraph (I), which provided, in pertinent part, the following

as to "increase in service", a factor that had not been addressed at all in the 1943 Public Law:

(I) Under Regulation I(a), Part I, paragraphs 1(a), (b) and (d),

as amended July 13, 1943, injury or disease, apart from misconduct

disease, noted prior to service or shown by clear and unmistakable

evidence, including medical facts and principles, to have had

inception prior to enlistment will be conceded to have been

aggravated where such disability underwent an increase in severity

during service unless such increase in severity is shown by clear and

unmistakable evidence, including medical facts and principles, to

have been due to the natural progress of the disease. Aggravation of

a disability noted prior to service or shown by clear and unmistakable

evidence, including medical facts and principles, to have had

inception prior to enlistment may not be conceded where the

disability underwent no increase in severity during service on the

basis of all the evidence of record pertaining to the manifestations of

such disability prior to, during and subsequent to service. . . . 

Ibid. (emphasis added). As the analysis below will show, the italicized language as to "increase in

service" does not mesh with the sections 1111/1153 issues raised by the parties.

In 1949, VA Regulation 1063 was codified into 38 C.F.R. § 3.63; paragraphs (B), (D), and

(I) in that regulation were identical to the 1946 provisions quoted above. 38 C.F.R. § 3.63 (1949).

Although there were intervening changes to these § 3.63 paragraphs between 1949 and 1956, none

of the changes were pertinent to the language of concern at this point. In February 1961, VA
18

promulgated a mammoth recodification of title 38 of the C.F.R. Inexplicably, the language "and

was not aggravated by service" disappeared from the then-new § 3.304 and most of what had been

paragraph (D) was dropped. 38 C.F.R. § 3.304 (Supp. 1962). The Federal Register contains no

explanation for the language deletions; it contains only the recodified title 38, without any

explanation as to the reason for the recodification. See 26 Fed. Reg. 1561 (Feb. 24, 1961). In what

appears to be a VA internal document, the then-new § 3.304(b) and § 3.306(b) were described as a

"Restatement of VA Regulation 1063 (B), (D), and (E)" and as a "Restatement of VA Regulation

1063 (I)", respectively; also, § 3.306(a) was explained as a "Restatement of VA Regulation 1063 (I)."

Sec'y Nov. 18, 2002, Resp. at Ex. K (VA C & P Transmittal Sheet 209). Regulation § 3.304(b) and

§ 3.306(b) have not been significantly revised since 1961.

Hence, the initial VA regulations adopted to implement the 1943 Public Law carried the "not

aggravated" add-on as part of the forerunner of § 3.304(b) for 15 years until that language

mysteriously disappeared in what was denominated a technical recodification. See Kilpatrick v.

Principi, 327 F.3d 1375, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (reiterating with citations "the venerable principle

that it is improper to interpret a codification as making substantive changes in the law absent a clear

indication in the legislative history"). The parties failed to call this language disappearance to the

Court's attention in either the Jordan or Cotant pleadings. (The Court notes that the Secretary

merely stated: "The provisions in §§ 3.304, 3.306 have not undergone any significant change since

1961." Sec'y Nov. 18, 2002, Jordan Resp. at 5 (emphasis added)). Additionally, the sentence

beginning "Aggravation may not be conceded" in § 3.306(b), to which regulation that language was

transferred in the 1961 recodification of title 38 of the C.F.R., appears totally superfluous in the

present text of the regulation, given the preceding sentence requiring an "increase in severity"; the

sentence made sense only in the context of the "and was not aggravated" language that was part of

the 1949 wartime presumption of sound condition. Yet, the parties, although calling attention to

what they perceived as "an apparent conflict" between the 1944 Solicitor's opinion and the "increase

in severity language", Sec'y Nov. 18, 2002, Jordan Resp. at 5, also failed to explain how the Court

could invalidate only § 3.304(b) without also addressing the requirement of an increase in severity

that § 3.306(b) appears to require in wartime (and post-1947) cases and the apparent conflict with

what the parties assert section 1111 means (conceivably the last two paragraphs of the Solicitor's
19

1944 opinion quoted in part III., C.2., above, provide some enlightenment on this perceived

disconnect). 

In addition, the Court notes that were it to have applied section 1111 as the parties have

urged, it would appear that the result would not be a finding of aggravation but rather a finding that

the veteran entered service in sound condition by virtue of the presumption of sound condition not

having been rebutted. That is literally what section 1111 appears to provide for, not a finding of

aggravation. This in turn would lead to somewhat anomalous results as between noted-at-entry and

not-noted-at-entry preexisting conditions. As a result of 38 C.F.R. § 3.322(a) and § 4.22, the rating

of a condition found to be service connected on the basis of aggravation is derived by "deduct[ing]

from the present degree of disability the degree, if ascertainable, ofthe disability existing at the time

of entrance into active service." 38 C.F.R. §§ 3.322(a), 4.22 (2002). In a case where, for example,

a preexisting condition was noted and rated at 20% at entry, only a 50% rating would be awarded

if that condition were later determined to have increased in severity to a 70% rating. However, if

the preexistence were not noted at entry, then a 70% rating would be awarded unless the rating at

entry were ascertainable – something that would appear to be a relatively rare phenonenom for a notnoted-at-entry condition. See 38 C.F.R. §§ 3.322(a), 4.22. Under §§ 3.322(a) and 4.22, however, in

the case of a 100% current disability rating, no deduction would be made; so, for example, a veteran

with a condition that was 50% disabling at entry and is rated 100% now would get a 100% (not a

50%) rating. 

Because these potential disparities might be considered "absurd" results, they provide still

further reason why the Court is presently not inclined to make a firm holding as to the interpretation

of section 1111 and the invalidation of § 3.304(b) urged by the parties. See United States v. XCitement Video, Inc., 513 U.S. 64, 68-69 (1994) ("Some applications of respondents' position [as to

the proper construction of Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation Act] would produce

results that were not merely odd, but positively absurd. . . . We do not assume that Congress, in

passing laws, intended such results."); Green v. Bock Laundry Mach. Co., 490 U.S. 504, 509 (1989);

United States v. Am. Trucking Ass'ns, Inc., 310 U.S. 534, 543 (1940); Allen (William) v. Principi,

237 F.3d 1368, 1375-76 (Fed. Cir. 2001); Timex V.I., Inc. v. United States, 157 F.3d 879, 886 (Fed.

Cir. 1998); Thayer v. Principi, 15 Vet.App. 204, 210 (2001); Holliday, 14 Vet.App. at 285 (citing
20

precedent regarding need to avoid absurd result when interpreting statute); Cottle v. Principi,

14 Vet.App. 329, 334 (2001); Faust v. West, 13 Vet.App. 342, 350 (2000); Trilles v. West,

13 Vet.App. 314, 324 (2000) (en banc); Davenport v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 476, 483-84 (1995);

Gardner v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 584, 587 (1991). 

Accordingly, the Court has determined that the problems with the Secretary's regulations run

far deeper than the limited § 3.304(b) remedy sought by the parties. Because, as concluded in part

III.D., below, the Court need not deal with § 3.304(b) in order to review the BVA decision on appeal

and provide the remedy sought by the appellant, the Court will not address definitively the section

1111/1153 issues raised by the parties and the extent to which § 3.304(b) may not be consistent with

the statutory scheme. Instead, the task of straightening out this extraordinarily complicated and

tangled web of apparently conflicting statutory and regulatory provisions will be left to the Secretary.

See Zang v. Derwinski, 8 Vet.App. 246, 255 (1995) (Steinberg, J., separate views) (citing, inter alia,

Talley v. Derwinski, 2 Vet.App. 282, 285-86, 288 (1992), and Hattlestad v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App.

164, 167 (1991), referring to "'confusing tapestry' of VA regulations which should be the subject of

review and reevaluation by the Secretary");see also Maggitt v. West, 202 F.3d 1370, 1377 (Fed. Cir.

2000) (holding that although this Court "may hear legal arguments raised for the first time with

regard to a claim that is properly before the Court, it is not compelled to do so in every instance");

cf. 57 Fed. Reg. 59, 296 (Dec. 15, 1992) (issuing final regulation in orderto conform § 3.306 to 1974

statutory amendment regarding service after December 31, 1946).

D. The Board's Application of § 3.306 to the Appellant's Claim

As set forth in part III.B.2., above, regulatory § 3.306(b) provides, inter alia, that clear and

unmistakable evidence is required to rebut the presumption of aggravation where the preservice

disability underwent an increase in severity during service. 38 C.F.R. § 3.306(b). The determination

whether the record contained clear and unmistakable evidence of sufficient weight to rebut the

presumption of aggravation under § 3.306(b) is subject to de novo review by this Court. See Crowe

v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 238, 247 (1994) (citing Bagby v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 225, 227 (1991); see

also Miller v. West, 11 Vet.App. 345, 347 (1998) (citing Bagby, supra, and applying de novo review

to review of rebuttal of section 1111 presumption of sound condition by clear and unmistakable

evidence); Junstrom v. Brown, 6 Vet.App. 264, 266 (1994); Kinnaman v. Principi, 4 Vet.App. 20,
21

27 (1993); cf. Doran v. Brown, 6 Vet.App. 283, 286 (1994) (concluding that 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(4)

"clearly erroneous" standard of review is applicable to Board determination under 38 U.S.C. § 1153

and 38 C.F.R. § 3.306(a) that preexisting condition had not increased in severity during service).

The clear-and-unmistakable-evidence standard is an "onerous" one, Laposky v. Brown,

4 Vet.App. 331, 334 (1993) (citing Akins v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 228, 232 (1991)), and requires

that the no-aggravation result be "undebatable", Vanerson v. West, 12 Vet.App. 254, 258, 261

(1999); id. at 263 (Nebeker, C.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part). 

In this case, the Board first found that the appellant's preexisting hip condition had increased

in severity during service, thereby triggering a presumption of aggravation under § 3.306. R. at 6-7.

The Board determined that more "weight" should be given to the opinion of the VA examiner,

Dr. Rangitsch, than that of the veteran's private physician, Dr. Gentry, because that VA examiner's

opinion "was preceded by a thorough clinical examination" and a review of the veteran's SMRs, and

the Board thus found that the presumption of aggravation had been rebutted because Dr. Rangitsch's

opinion "[rose] to the higher level of clear and unmistakable evidence" necessary to rebut the

presumption of aggravation. R. at 7. The Court concludes that this determination of the Board was

erroneous.

First, the Board did not reject as lacking in credibility Dr. Gentry's opinion that the veteran's

condition was aggravated by his activities in service. Rather, it gave "more weight to the June 1998

VA examiner's opinion", that of Dr. Rangitsch. R. at 7 (emphasis added). Second, Dr. Rangitsch's

rather equivocal opinion, even standing alone, was far from the kind of unconditional evidence

necessary to meet the very demanding clear-and-unmistakable-evidence standard. See Vanerson,

supra; see also Harris v. West, 11 Vet.App. 456, 462 (1998) (holding that physician's unequivocal

and uncontradicted opinion regarding the appellant's disability constituted clear and unmistakable

evidence that rebutted presumptions of soundness and aggravation). Indeed, Dr. Rangitsch stated

his opinion with five distinct qualifications: (1) "As to whether this [DJD of the right hip] is

accelerated by his military service, it is impossible to say"; (2) "[c]ertainly the activities he

performed could have accelerated his hip disease"; (3) "it is most likely that the natural process [sic]

of the disease would have resulted in hi[s] developing this hip problem even at an early age"; (4) "I

would feel it is more likely that the hip disease was due to the underlying Perthes disease and the
22

natural processes of aging as the disease would progress"; and (5) the DJD of the right hip was "not

significantly aggravated by his service-related activities". R. at 605 (emphasis added). Moreover,

Dr. Rangitsch reiterated two of the above qualifications in his January 2000 supplemental report.

R. at 609 ("most likely" and "not significantly aggravated"). Third, Dr. Gentry opined: "Mike

Cotant's medical records . . . reveal [that] he had Legg[-]Perthes disease of the right hip before he

joined the military service, the result of which left him with significant degenerative joint changes

of the hip which in my opinion was aggravated by the activities he did in the service." R. at 578. 

Reviewing the evidence de novo under Bagby, supra, the Court holds that the record does

not provide clear and unmistakable evidence that the appellant's increase in his right-hip disability

was due to the natural progression of his DJD of the right hip. See 38 C.F.R. § 3.306(b); Crowe and

Bagby, both supra. Accordingly, because the Board found that clear and unmistakable evidence

demonstrated that the appellant's right-hip disability preexisted service and found also that that

disability had increased in severity during service (R. at 3,6,7), findings not challenged on appeal,

we hold that the evidence as to natural progress of that preexisting condition does not show clearly

and unmistakably that that increase found by the Board was "due to the natural progress of the

disease", 38 C.F.R. § 3.306(a), and, therefore, that that preexisting disability must be considered to

have been aggravated "by . . . service." Ibid. We must thus reverse the Board conclusion as to

aggravation and direct that a finding of aggravation be entered. 38 C.F.R. § 3.306(b);see Crowe and

Bagby, both supra. 

In reaching the above decision to reverse as to aggravation in this case, we are mindful of the

principles so cogently set forth by our recently retired colleague, Judge Holdaway, in Vanerson:

Pursuant to the duty to assist, the Secretary is required to assist the

claimant "in developing the facts pertinent to the claim"; that duty

must be performed without regard to whether the evidence supports

or detracts from the claim. Once the claim has been developed, the

Secretary is required to make an impartial decision affording the

claimant the benefit of the doubt where the evidence is in equipoise.

The typical parley of "basic facts" and "counter proof" involved with

presumptions in an adversarial proceeding does not fit the VA

adjudication system where the very adjudicator, who is charged with

assisting in the development of the claim, would also bear the burden

of rebutting the presumption. . . . 
23

Additionally, the standard of proof for rebutting the

presumption of soundness is not merely evidence that is cogent and

compelling, i.e., a sufficient showing, but evidence that is clear and

unmistakable, i.e., undebatable. . . . [and] the question is not whether

the Secretary has sustained a burden of producing evidence, but

whether the evidence as a whole, clearly and unmistakably

demonstrates that the injury or disease existed prior to service. 

Vanerson, 12 Vet.App. at 261. Here, the same standard of proof applies to the evidence as to natural

progression of the condition for purposes of assessing aggravation, and we have no doubt that the

evidence fails to demonstrate clearly and unmistakably – that is, undebatably – that the increase in

severity during service of the veteran's preexisting right hip condition was not due to the natural

progress of the disease. See 38 C.F.R. § 3.306(b); Crowe and Bagby, both supra. Accordingly,

having concluded that the appellant is entitled to the § 3.306 presumption of aggravation, we turn

to the issue of service connection. 

E. Service Connection

In order for a preexisting condition aggravated in service to be found to be service connected,

the three so-called Caluza elements must be satisfied. See Rose v. Principi, 11 Vet.App. 169, 172

(1998) (applying three elements for service-connection claim from Caluza v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 498,

506 (1995) (holding that claim required "competent evidence [(1)] of current disability (a medical

diagnosis)[,] . . . [(2)] of incurrence or aggravation of a disease or injury in service (lay or medical

evidence)[,] . . . and [(3)] of a nexus between the in-service injury or disease and the current

disability (medical evidence)"), aff'd per curiam, 78 F.3d 604 (Fed. Cir. 1996) (table)). The

determination of service connection is a finding of fact determined under the "clearly erroneous"

standard of review set forth in 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(4). See Rose, 11 Vet.App. at 172; Russo v.

Brown, 9 Vet.App. 46, 53 (1996). The last Caluza element, nexus, may be shown under 38 C.F.R.

§ 3.303(b), as discussed below, by chronicity or continuity of symptomotology. See Rose,

11 Vet.App. at 171. Under § 3.303(b), if "chronic disease [is] shown as such in service (or within

the presumpt[ion] period under § 3.307) so as to permit a finding of service connection, [then]

subsequent manifestations of the same chronic disease at any later date, however remote, are service

connected, unless clearly attributable to intercurrent causes"; the regulation further declares that

"[w]hen the disease identity is established . . . , there is no requirement of [an] evidentiary showing
24

of continuity." 38 C.F.R. § 3.303(b) (2002); see Savage v. Gober, 10 Vet.App. 488, 494-95, 498

(1997).

The Board addressed two of the Caluza elements of service connection. As to the first

Caluza element, the Board found sufficient evidence of a current disability to conclude that the

service-connection claim was well grounded under then-section 5107(a) (the requirement of a wellgrounded claim previously set forth in 38 U.S.C. § 5107(a) was repealed by VCAA § 4, 114 Stat.

at 2098). R. at 3 (finding "a current medical diagnosis of [right-hip] disability"). Although there

appears to be no evidence after January 2000 pertaining to current disability, this Board finding and

the medical evidence of a disability relatively contemporaneous with the BVA decision (R. at 605,

609) would satisfy the Caluza requirement of current disability, especially because there is no

medical evidence of record to the contrary and no dispute that the veteran had the disease at that

time. See Caffrey v. Brown, 6 Vet.App. 377, 381 (1994) (assessing contemporaneousness of medical

diagnosis in terms of date of BVA decision and concluding that medical examination conducted

23 months prior was not contemporaneous with BVA decision). As to the second Caluza element,

our holding here provides the finding of in-service aggravation of a preexisting right-hip condition,

which the Board characterized as "right[-]hip arthritis". R. at 6. 

As to the third Caluza element of nexus, however, even though the veteran applied for

service connection on September 21, 1992, one month after his separation examination, there

appears to be no medical evidence in the record linking the current disability to the in-service

aggravation of his condition. Cf. Hampton v. Gober, 10 Vet.App. 481 (1997) (holding that Caluza

nexus requirement was met by evidence of record regarding separation examination and VA

examination two months later, both of which referenced bilateral knee condition). In this case, a

medical nexus opinion is lacking; that lack of medical evidence of nexus, however, is not fatal to the

appellant's service-connection claim. 

Regulation § 3.303(b), relating to chronicity or continuity of symptomatology, "provides an

alternative method of demonstrating entitlement to service connection." Rose, 11 Vet.App. at 171

(citing Savage, 10 Vet.App. at 495-96 (concluding that § 3.303(b) provides a "substitute way of

showing in-service incurrence and medical nexus for purposes of well grounding . . . a claim");

38 C.F.R. § 3.309(a) (2002) ("[a]rthritis" denominated as "chronic disease" for purposes of one-year
25

presumption of service connection established by 38 C.F.R. § 3.307(a)(2) for chronic diseases).

Because the question of continuity of symptomatology or chronicity for purposes of determining

service connection of the veteran's currently diagnosed "degenerative arthritis of the right hip"

(R. at 605) has not been addressed by the Board, the Court will remand the question of service

connection to the Board for it to address in the first instance. See, e.g., Myers v. Principi,

16 Vet.App. 228, 236 (2002) (remanding effective-date issue to Board because of possibility that

"not all of the material that may bear on this question was included in the ROA"). 

IV. Conclusion

Upon consideration of the foregoing analysis, the ROA, and the submissions of the parties

here and those from Jordan of which we have taken judicial notice, the Court reverses the

August 21, 2000, BVA decision on the question of aggravation and remands the matter for the entry

of a finding of aggravation and a determination (1) of the issue of service connection and (2) if

service connection is awarded, of the appropriate rating and effective date, in a decision supported

by an adequate statement of reasons or bases, see 38 U.S.C. §§ 1110, 1111, 5100-5103, 5103A,

5106, 5107, 5110(a), 7104(a), (d)(1); 38 C.F.R. § 3.306(b); Fletcher v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 394,

397 (1991) – all consistent with this opinion and in accordance with section 302 of the Veterans'

Benefits Improvements Act of 1994, Pub. L. No. 103-446, § 302, 108 Stat. 4645, 4658 (1994) (found

at 38 U.S.C. § 5101 note) (requiring Secretary to provide for "expeditious treatment" for claims

remanded by BVA or the Court). See Allday v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 517, 533-34 (1995). On remand,

the appellant will be free to submit additional evidence and argument on the remanded claim in

accordance with Kutscherousky v. West, 12 Vet.App. 369, 372-73 (1999) (per curiam order)

(concluding that an appellant is entitled, until 90 days after Board mails postremand notice to

appellant, to submit additional evidence and argument or to request hearing on appeal at which

appellant may submit new evidence), and such evidence and argument must be considered on

remand. See Kay v. Principi, 16 Vet.App. 529, 534 (2002). The Court notes that a remand by this

Court and by the Board confers on an appellant the right to VA compliance with the terms of the

remand order and imposes on the Secretary a concomitant duty to ensure compliance with those

terms. See Stegall v. West, 11 Vet.App. 268, 271 (1998). A final decision by the Board following
26

the remand herein ordered will constitute a new decision that, if adverse, may be appealed to this

Court only upon the filing of a new NOA with the Court not later than 120 days after the date on

which notice of the new Board final decision is mailed to the appellant. See Marsh v. West,

11 Vet.App. 468, 472 (1998).

REVERSED AND REMANDED.