Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 220 / Friday, November 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 68153 

regulatory document is not available to 

the public until after it has been signed 

and made available by EPA. 

DATES: See Unit I. under SUPPLEMENTARY

INFORMATION. 

ADDRESSES: The docket for this action, 

identified by docket identification (ID) 

number EPA–HQ–OPP–2005–0561, is 

available at http://www.regulations.gov 

or at the Office of Pesticide Programs 

Regulatory Docket (OPP Docket) in the 

Environmental Protection Agency 

Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William 

Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334, 1301 

Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 

20460–0001. The Public Reading Room 

is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., 

Monday through Friday, excluding legal 

holidays. The telephone number for the 

Public Reading Room is (202) 566–1744, 

and the telephone number for the OPP 

Docket is (703) 305–5805. Please review 

the visitor instructions and additional 

information about the docket available 

at http://www.epa.gov/dockets. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Michelle Arling, Field and External 

Affairs Division (7506P), Office of 

Pesticide Programs, Environmental 

Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania 

Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460–0001; 

telephone number: (703) 308–5891; 

email address: arling.michelle@epa.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. What action is EPA taking? 

Section 25(a)(2)(A) of FIFRA requires 

the EPA Administrator to provide the 

Secretary of USDA with a copy of any 

draft proposed rule at least 60 days 

before signing it in proposed form for 

publication in the Federal Register. The 

draft proposed rule is not available to 

the public until after it has been signed 

by EPA. If the Secretary of USDA 

comments in writing regarding the draft 

proposed rule within 30 days after 

receiving it, the EPA Administrator 

shall include the comments of the 

Secretary of USDA and the EPA 

Administrator’s response to those 

comments with the proposed rule that 

publishes in the Federal Register. If the 

Secretary of USDA does not comment in 

writing within 30 days after receiving 

the draft proposed rule, the EPA 

Administrator may sign the proposed 

rule for publication in the Federal 

Register any time after the 30-day 

period. 

II. Do any statutory and executive order 

reviews apply to this notification? 

No. This document is merely a 

notification of submission to the 

Secretary of USDA. As such, none of the 

regulatory assessment requirements 

apply to this document. 

List of Subjects in Part 171 

Environmental protection, Applicator 

competency, Agricultural worker safety, 

Pesticide safety training, Pesticide 

worker safety, Pesticides and pests, 

Restricted use pesticides. 

Dated: November 3, 2014. 

William L. Jordan, 

Acting Director, Office of Pesticide Programs. 

[FR Doc. 2014–26895 Filed 11–13–14; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 180 

[EPA–HQ–OPP–2006–0766; FRL–9918–40] 

RIN 2070–AJ28 

Tolerance Crop Grouping Program IV 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Proposed rule. 

SUMMARY: EPA is proposing revisions to 

its pesticide tolerance crop grouping 

regulations, which allow the 

establishment of tolerances for multiple, 

related crops based on data from a 

representative set of crops. EPA is 

proposing five new crop groups, two 

new and two revised commodity 

definitions, and revisions to the 

regulations on the interaction of crop 

group tolerances with processed food 

tolerances and meat, milk, and egg 

tolerances. Once final, EPA expects 

these revisions to promote greater use of 

crop groupings for tolerance-setting 

purposes, both domestically and in 

countries that export food to the United 

States. This is the fourth in a series of 

planned crop group updates expected to 

be proposed over the next several years. 

DATES: Comments must be received on 

or before January 13, 2015. 

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, 

identified by docket identification (ID) 

number EPA–HQ–OPP–2006–0766, by 

one of the following methods: 

• Federal eRulemaking Portal: http:// 

www.regulations.gov. Follow the online 

instructions for submitting comments. 

Do not submit electronically any 

information you consider to be 

Confidential Business Information (CBI) 

or other information whose disclosure is 

restricted by statute. 

• Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental 

Protection Agency Docket Center (EPA/ 

DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. 

NW., Washington, DC 20460–0001. 

• Hand Delivery: To make special 

arrangements for hand delivery or 

delivery of boxed information, please 

follow the instructions at http:// 

www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html. 

Additional instructions on 

commenting or visiting the docket, 

along with more information about 

dockets generally, is available at http:// 

www.epa.gov/dockets. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Barbara Madden, Registration Division 

(7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, 

Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 

Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, 

DC 20460–0001; telephone number: 

(703) 305–6463; email address: 

madden.barbara@epa.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. General Information 

A. Legal Authority 

EPA is initiating this rulemaking to 

amend the existing crop grouping 

regulations under section 408(e)(1)(C) of 

the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic 

Act (FFDCA), which authorizes EPA to 

establish ‘‘general procedures and 

requirements to implement [section 

408].’’ 21 U.S.C. 346a(e)(1)(C). Under 

FFDCA section 408, EPA is authorized 

to establish tolerances for pesticide 

chemical residues in food. EPA 

establishes tolerances for each pesticide 

based on the potential risks to human 

health posed by that pesticide. A 

tolerance is the maximum permissible 

residue level established for a pesticide 

in raw agricultural produce and 

processed foods. The crop group 

regulations currently in §§ 180.40 and 

180.41 enable the establishment of 

tolerances for a group of crops based on 

residue data for certain crops that are 

representative of the group and have 

been established under FFDCA section 

408(e)(1)(C). 

B. Does this action apply to me? 

You may be potentially affected by 

this action if you are an agricultural 

producer or food manufacturer. The 

following list of North American 

Industrial Classification System 

(NAICS) codes is not intended to be 

exhaustive, but rather provides a guide 

to help readers determine whether this 

document applies to them. Potentially 

affected entities may include: 

• Crop production (NAICS code 111). 

• Animal production (NAICS code 

112). 

• Food manufacturing (NAICS code 

311). 

• Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS 

code 32532). 

C. What should I consider as I prepare 

my comments for EPA? 

1. Submitting CBI. Do not submit this 

information to EPA through 

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68154 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 220 / Friday, November 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

regulations.gov or email. Clearly mark 

the part or all of the information that 

you claim to be CBI. For CBI 

information in a disk or CD–ROM that 

you mail to EPA, mark the outside of the 

disk or CD–ROM as CBI and then 

identify electronically within the disk or 

CD–ROM the specific information that 

is claimed as CBI. In addition to one 

complete version of the comment that 

includes information claimed as CBI, a 

copy of the comment that does not 

contain the information claimed as CBI 

must be submitted for inclusion in the 

public docket. Information so marked 

will not be disclosed except in 

accordance with procedures set forth in 

40 CFR part 2. 

2. Tips for preparing your comments. 

When preparing and submitting your 

comments, see the commenting tips at 

http://www.epa.gov/dockets/ 

comments.html. 

II. Background 

A. Tolerance-Setting Requirements and 

Petitions From the Interregional 

Research Project Number 4 (IR–4) To 

Expand the Existing Crop Grouping 

System 

EPA is authorized to establish 

maximum residue limits (MRLs) or 

tolerances for pesticide chemical 

residues in or on food commodities 

under FFDCA section 408 (21 U.S.C. 

346a). EPA establishes pesticide 

tolerances only after determining that 

aggregate exposure to the pesticide is 

considered safe. The U.S. Food and 

Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. 

Department of Agriculture (USDA) 

enforce compliance with tolerance 

limits. 

Traditionally, tolerances are 

established for a specific pesticide and 

commodity combination. However, 

under EPA’s crop grouping regulations 

(§ 180.41), a single tolerance may be 

established that applies to a group of 

related commodities. For example, 

Leafy Vegetable Crop Group 4–14 is 

proposed to include 62 commodities, 

with head lettuce, leaf lettuce, spinach, 

and mustard greens as the 

representative crops. Crop group 

tolerances may be established based on 

residue data from designated 

representative commodities within the 

group. Representative commodities are 

selected based on EPA’s determination 

that they are likely to bear the maximum 

level of residue that could occur on any 

crop within the group. Once a crop 

group tolerance is established, the 

tolerance level applies to all 

commodities within the group. 

This proposed rule is the fourth in a 

series of planned crop group 

amendments expected to be completed 

over the next several years. Specific 

information regarding the history of the 

crop group regulations, the previous 

amendments to the regulations and the 

process for amending crop groups can 

be found in the Federal Register of May 

23, 2007 (Ref. 1). Specific information 

regarding how the Agency implements 

crop group amendments can be found in 

§ 180.40(j). 

This proposal is based upon five 

petitions developed by the International 

Crop Grouping Consulting Committee 

(ICGCC) workgroup and submitted to 

EPA by a nation-wide cooperative 

project, IR–4. These petitions and the 

supporting monographs are included in 

the docket for this action, under docket 

ID number EPA–HQ–OPP–2006–0766 at 

http://regulations.gov. EPA expects that 

a series of additional petitions seeking 

amendments and changes to the crop 

grouping regulations (§ 180.41) will 

originate from the ICGCC workgroup 

over the next several years. 

EPA believes that this proposal is a 

burden-reducing regulation. It will 

provide for greater sharing of data by 

permitting the results from a magnitude 

of residue field trial studies in one crop 

to be applied to other, similar crops. 

The primary beneficiaries are minor 

crop producers and consumers. Minor 

crop producers will benefit because 

lower registration costs will encourage 

more products to be registered on minor 

crops, providing additional tools for 

pest control. Consumers are expected to 

benefit by having more affordable and 

abundant food products available. 

Secondary beneficiaries include 

pesticide registrants, as expanded 

markets for pesticide products will lead 

to increased sales. 

EPA believes that data from 

representative crops will not 

underestimate the public exposure to 

pesticide residues through the 

consumption of treated crops. IR–4, 

which is publicly funded, will also 

more efficiently use resources as a result 

of this rule. Revisions to the crop 

grouping scheme will result in no 

appreciable costs or negative impacts to 

consumers, minor crop producers, 

pesticide registrants, the environment, 

or human health. 

B. International Considerations 

1. North American Free Trade 

Agreement (NAFTA) partner 

involvement in proposal. EPA’s Office of 

Pesticide Programs’ Chemistry Science 

Advisory Council (ChemSAC), an 

internal Agency peer review committee, 

provided a detailed analysis for each 

proposed crop group to Canada’s Pest 

Management Regulatory Agency 

(PMRA), IR–4, and the government of 

Mexico for their review and comment, 

and invited these parties to participate 

in the ChemSAC meeting to finalize the 

recommendations for each petition. 

PMRA has indicated that it will, in 

parallel with the United States effort 

and under the authority of Canada’s Pest 

Control Products (PCP) Act (2002), 

establish equivalent crop groups. 

Additionally, once the new crop groups 

become effective in the United States, 

Mexico will have them as a reference for 

the establishment of maximum residue 

limits in Mexico. 

2. Relationship of proposal to Codex 

activities. The United States and 

Canadian Delegations to the Codex 

Committee on Pesticide Residues 

(CCPR) have an ongoing effort to 

harmonize the NAFTA crop groups and 

representative commodities with those 

being developed by Codex, an 

international commission created to 

develop international food standards, 

guidelines and related texts, as part of 

their revision of the Codex 

Classification of Foods and Feeds. 

Canada and the United States are 

working closely with the Chairs of the 

Codex group for this project (The 

Netherlands and the United States) to 

coordinate the U.S. crop group 

amendments with the efforts to amend 

the Codex crop groups. The goals of 

coordinating these NAFTA activities 

with Codex activities are to minimize 

differences within and among the 

Unites States and Codex groups and to 

develop representative commodities for 

each group that will be acceptable on an 

international basis. These efforts could 

lead to the increased harmonization of 

tolerances and MRL recommendations. 

C. Scheme for Organization of Revised 

and Pre-Existing Crop Groups 

EPA has amended the generic crop 

group regulations to include an explicit 

scheme for how revised crop groups 

will be organized in the regulations. 

In brief, the regulations now specify 

that when a crop group is amended in 

a manner that expands or contracts its 

coverage of commodities, EPA will 

retain the pre-existing crop group in 

§ 180.41; insert the new, related crop 

group immediately after the pre-existing 

crop group in the Code of Federal 

Regulations (CFR); and title the new, 

related crop group in a way that clearly 

differentiates it from the pre-existing 

crop group. The new, related crop group 

will retain roughly the same name and 

number as the pre-existing group except 

that the number will be followed by a 

hyphen and the final two digits of the 

year it is established. For example, EPA 

is proposing to revise Crop Group 5: 

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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 220 / Friday, November 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 68155 

Brassica Leafy Vegetables. The revised 

group is proposed be titled Crop Group 

5–14: Head and Stem Brassica 

Vegetable. Although EPA will initially 

retain pre-existing crop groups that have 

been superseded by new crop groups, 

EPA will not establish new tolerances 

under the pre-existing groups. Further, 

EPA plans to eventually convert 

tolerances for any pre-existing crop 

groups to tolerances with the coverage 

of the new crop group. This conversion 

will be effected both through the 

registration review process and in the 

course of establishing new tolerances for 

a pesticide. To this end, EPA requests 

that petitioners for tolerances address 

this issue in their petitions. 

III. Specific Proposed Revisions 

This unit explains the proposed 

amendments to the crop group 

regulations. 

A. Crop Group 4–14: Leafy Vegetable 

Group 

EPA is proposing to expand Leafy 

Vegetable, except Brassica Crop Group 4 

to both add and remove commodities 

and to restructure the group. EPA 

proposes to name the new crop group 

the Leafy Vegetable Crop Group 4–14. 

1. Add new commodities. In creating 

new Crop Group 4–14, EPA proposes to 

include most, but not all, commodities 

currently in Crop Group 4 and to add 

the following 41 commodities currently 

not in Crop Group 4: Aster, Indian, 

Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch. Bip.; 

Blackjack, Bidens pilosa L.; broccoli 

raab, Brassica ruvo L.H. Bailey; broccoli, 

Chinese, Brassica oleracea var. 

alboglabra (L.H. Bailey) Musil; cabbage, 

abyssinian, Brassica carinata A. Braun; 

cabbage, seakale, Brassica oleracea L. 

var. costata DC.; Cat’s whiskers, Cleome 

gynandra L.; Cham-chwi, Doellingeria 

scabra (Thunb.) Nees; Cham-na-mul, 

Pimpinella calycina Maxim; Chinese 

cabbage, bok choy, Brassica rapa subsp. 

chinensis (L.) Hanelt; Chipilin, 

Crotalaria longirostrata Hook & Arn; 

cilantro, fresh leaves, Coriandrum 

sativum L.; collards, Brassica oleracea 

var. Viridis L.; Cosmos, Cosmos 

caudatus Kunth; Dang-gwi, Angelica 

gigas; dillweed, Anethum graveolens L.; 

Dol-nam-mul, Sedum sarmentosum 

Bunge; Ebolo, Crassocephalum 

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore; escarole, 

Cichorium endive L. subsp. endiva; 

Fameflower, Talinum fruticosum (L.) 

Juss.; Feather cockscomb, Glinus 

oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC.; Good King 

Henry, Chenopodium bonus-henricus 

L.; Hanover salad, Brassica napus var. 

Pabularia (DC.) Rchb.; Huauzontle, 

Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.; jute, 

leaves, Corchorus spp.; kale, Brassica 

oleracea var. Sabellica L;lettuce, bitter, 

Launaea cornuta (Hochst. ex Oliv. & 

Hiern) C. Jeffrey; Maca, Lepidium 

meyenii Walp.; Mizuna, Brassica rapa L. 

subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt; 

mustard greens, Brassica juncea subsp., 

including Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. 

subsp. integrifolia (H. West) Thell., 

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. var. tsatsai 

(T. L. Mao) Gladis; primrose, English, 

Primula vulgaris Huds.; radish, leaves, 

Raphanus sativus L. var sativus, 

including Raphanus sativus L. var. 

mougri H. W. J. Helm and Raphanus 

sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers; rape 

greens, Brassica napus L. var. napus, 

including Brassica rapa subsp. 

trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt, Brassica 

rapa subsp. dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt, 

and Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera Met; 

Rocket, wild, Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) 

DC.; Shepherd’s purse, Capsella bursapastoris (L.) Medik; spinach, malabar, 

Basella alba L.; spinach, tanier, 

Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.; 

turnip greens, Brassica rapa L. subsp. 

Rapa; Violet, Chinese, Asystasia 

gangetica (L.) T. Anderson; and 

watercress, Nasturtium officinale W. T. 

Aiton. Also included are cultivars, 

varieties, and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

Included in this list of commodities 

are seven brassica leafy vegetables 

currently in Crop Group 5: Broccoli 

raab, Chinese cabbage (bok choy), 

collards, kale, mizuna, mustard greens, 

and rape greens. These seven 

commodities represent all current 

members of Crop subgroup 5B, with the 

exception of mustard spinach. Mustard 

spinach has not been proposed for 

inclusion in Crop Group 4–14 because 

it is one of several common names for 

mustard greens, which is already 

proposed for inclusion in Crop Group 

4–14. EPA is proposing a corresponding 

change to Crop Group 5, which will be 

incorporated in the proposed new Crop 

Group 5–14. 

The 41 new commodities proposed 

for Crop Group 4–14 were chosen based 

on similarities between the existing and 

additional commodities in plant 

morphology; cultural practices, 

including that all commodities are row 

crops; pest problems; edible food 

portions and lack of animal feed 

portions; potential exposures to residues 

resulting from application of specific 

pesticides; geographical locations; 

processing; and established tolerances. 

In particular, the brassica leafy 

vegetables are proposed to be moved 

from Crop Group 5 to revised Crop 

Group 4–14 because leafy brassica leafy 

vegetables are similar in growth pattern, 

leaf exposure and pesticide residues to 

the other leafy vegetables in Crop Group 

4–14, and dissimilar from the crops in 

Crop Group 5, which are grown and 

consumed for their stem or bulb. 

Moreover, the leaf morphology of the 

moved crops leads to residues that can 

be higher than in broccoli and cabbage, 

Crop Group 5’s representative 

commodities. 

Cardoon, celery, Chinese celery, 

celtuce, Florence fennel, and rhubarb, 

which are currently included in Crop 

Group 4, are not proposed for Crop 

Group 4–14 but rather new Crop Group 

22 Stalk, Stem and Leaf Petiole. The 

plant morphology of these six crops is 

more similar to crops grown and 

consumed for their stalk, stem, and leaf 

petiole, rather than for their leaves alone 

as are the crops in Crop Group 4–14. 

Edible-leaved chrysanthemum, which is 

also in Crop Group 4, has not been 

proposed for inclusion in Crop Group 

4–14 because it is another common 

name for chrysanthemum garland, 

which is already included in Crop 

Group 4 and is proposed for inclusion 

in Crop Group 4–14. 

2. Representative commodities for 

new crop group. The representative 

commodities in Crop Group 4 are celery, 

head lettuce, leaf lettuce, and spinach. 

EPA proposes the following 

representative commodities for Crop 

Group 4–14: Head lettuce, leaf lettuce, 

spinach, and mustard greens. Generally, 

the selection of representative 

commodities is based on a 

representative commodity that is most 

likely to: Contain the highest residues 

(whether raw or processed); be major in 

terms of production and consumption; 

and be similar in morphology, growth 

habit, pest problems and edible portion, 

and subject to similar processing as the 

related commodities within a group or 

subgroup. The representative 

commodities proposed for Crop Group 

4–14 represent over 93% of the total 

leafy vegetable harvested acres reported 

by USDA’s Census of Agriculture and 

are the highest consumed commodities 

on a per capita basis in the group; 

therefore, these commodities were 

chosen to represent Crop Group 4–14. 

Inclusion of brassica leafy vegetables in 

a separate subgroup is desirable because 

of potentially different actions of 

herbicides on leafy Brassica vegetables, 

verses other leafy, non-brassica crops. 

3. New subgroups. The existing Crop 

Group 4 subgroups are Leafy greens, 

subgroup 4A, and Leaf petioles, 

subgroup 4B. In light of the significant 

differences between existing Crop 

Group 4 and proposed Crop Group 4– 

14, EPA is proposing the following 

subgroups for Crop Group 4–14: 

i. Leafy greens subgroup 4–14A. 

(Representative commodities-Head 

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lettuce, Leaf lettuce, and Spinach). EPA 

proposes that subgroup 4–14A include 

the following 27 commodities in 

addition to the 20 commodities that 

currently are included in subgroup 4A: 

Amaranth, Chinese; Amaranth, leafy; 

Aster, Indian; Blackjack; Cat’s whiskers; 

Cham-chwi; Cham-na-mul; Chipilin; 

cilantro, fresh leaves; Cosmos; Danggwi; dillweed; Dol-nam-mul; Ebolo; 

escarole; Fameflower; Feather 

cockscomb; Good King Henry; 

Huauzontle; jute, leaves; lettuce, bitter; 

plantain, buckthorn; Primrose, English; 

spinach, malabar; spinach, tanier; Swiss 

chard; and Violet, Chinese. Also 

included are cultivars, varieties, and 

hybrids of these commodities. 

Swiss chard is proposed for inclusion 

in subgroup 4–14A because both the 

leaves and petioles are consumed and 

the leaves constitute a major portion of 

the plant, whereas that is not the case 

for the brassica leafy greens in subgroup 

4–14B. Arugula, upland cress, and 

garden cress are currently members of 

Crop subgroup 4A; however, these 

commodities are members of the 

Brassicaceae family and are therefore 

proposed for inclusion in subgroup 4– 

14B, because of their similarities to the 

other commodities proposed in that 

subgroup. 

Leafy greens subgroup 4–14A is 

proposed to have head lettuce, leaf 

lettuce, and spinach as the 

representative commodities, which are 

the same as the current Leafy Greens 

subgroup 4A. 

ii. Brassica leafy greens subgroup 4– 

14B. (Representative commodityMustard greens). As previously 

discussed, EPA is proposing to add 

eight brassica leafy vegetables currently 

in Crop Group 5 (those included in Crop 

subgroup 5B, except mustard spinach) 

to Crop Group 4–14. EPA is also 

proposing to create a subgroup in new 

Crop Group 4–14 for these commodities 

and 12 other similar commodities. This 

new subgroup 4–14B is proposed to 

include the following 20 commodities: 

Arugula; broccoli raab; broccoli, 

Chinese; cabbage, abyssinian; cabbage, 

seakale; Chinese cabbage, bok choy; 

collards; cress, garden; cress, upland; 

Hanover salad; kale; Maca; Mizuna; 

mustard greens; radish, leaves; rape 

greens; Rocket, wild; Shepherd’s purse; 

turnip greens; and watercress. Also 

included are cultivars, varieties, and 

hybrids of these commodities. 

Arugula, upland cress, and garden 

cress are proposed for inclusion in new 

subgroup 4–14B because these 

commodities are members of the 

Brassicaceae family. Inclusion of 

brassica leafy vegetables in a separate 

subgroup is desirable because of 

potentially different actions of 

herbicides on leafy brassica vegetables, 

versus other leafy (non-brassica) crops. 

EPA proposes these additional 

commodities in Crop subgroups 4–14A 

and 4–14B because of the similarities in 

cultural practices, potential residue 

exposures, dietary consumption 

importance, and the lack of animal feed 

items. A comparison of existing 

tolerances supports the proposed 

subgroups and representative 

commodities for Crop Group 4–14. 

EPA is not proposing to carry Leaf 

petiole subgroup 4B over to Crop Group 

4–14 because, as previously discussed, 

most of the crops in that group are being 

proposed for inclusion in the new 

proposed Stalk, Stem, and Leaf Petiole 

Crop Group 22. 

B. Crop Group 5–14: Head and Stem 

Brassica Vegetable Group 

EPA is proposing to amend Brassica 

(Cole) Leafy Vegetables Crop Group 5, to 

remove commodities and to restructure 

the group. EPA proposes to name the 

new crop group the Brassica Head and 

Stem Vegetable Crop Group 5–14. 

1. Commodities not included. EPA 

proposes to not include eight 

commodities currently in Crop Group 5 

(Chinese broccoli (gai lon); broccoli raab 

(rapini); cabbage, Chinese (bok choy); 

collards; kale; mizuna; mustard greens; 

and rape greens) in Crop Group 5–14 

because, as previously discussed, the 

commodities are being included in Crop 

Group 4–14. EPA also proposes to not 

include one other commodity currently 

in Crop Group 5 (kohlrabi) in Crop 

Group 5–14. Kohlrabi is proposed to be 

included in the proposed new Stalk, 

Stem, and Leaf Petiole Crop Group 22, 

as the kohlrabi’s exposed, enlarged, and 

bulb-like stem can have higher pesticide 

residues than the proposed 

representative commodities (broccoli or 

cabbage) for new Crop Group 5–14. 

Two other commodity terms are not 

being carried over from Crop Group 5 to 

new Crop Group 5–14. First, Chinese 

mustard cabbage is not a distinct crop, 

but rather a common name that refers to 

various leafy non-heading Brassica 

greens. The brassica leafy greens have 

been proposed for new Crop Group 4– 

14. The term Chinese mustard cabbage 

is also not proposed for new Crop Group 

5–14 because of its non-distinctive 

nature. Second, cavalo broccoli is the 

same species as cauliflower, and the 

name was used to refer to various types 

of broccoli or cauliflower in the past. It 

is not proposed for inclusion in new 

Crop Group 5–14 because of 

redundancy. 

Thus, EPA is proposing that new Crop 

Group 5–14 contain the following 

commodities: Broccoli, Brassica 

oleracea L. var. italica Plenck; brussels 

sprouts, Brassica oleracea L. var. 

gemmifera (DC.) Zenker; cabbage, 

Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.; 

cabbage, Chinese, napa, Brassica rapa L. 

subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt; and 

cauliflower, Brassica oleracea L. var. 

capitata L. Also included are cultivars, 

varieties, and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

The commodities proposed for 

inclusion in new Crop Group 5–14 were 

chosen based on similarities in plant 

morphology; cultural practices, 

including that all are row crops; pest 

problems; edible food and animal feed 

portions; residue levels; geographical 

locations; processing; and established 

tolerances on these commodities. The 

commodities chosen for this crop group 

also further the goal of international 

harmonization of tolerances and other 

MRLs, through coordinating the U.S. 

crop group amendments with efforts to 

amend the Codex crop groups. 

2. Representative commodities. The 

representative commodities in Crop 

Group 5 are broccoli or cauliflower, 

cabbage, and mustard greens. EPA 

proposes the following representative 

commodities for new Crop Group 5–14: 

Broccoli or cauliflower, and cabbage. 

These commodities are the same 

representative commodities as in Crop 

Group 5, except for mustard greens. EPA 

proposes to move those commodities 

currently represented by mustard greens 

to new Crop Group 4–14; therefore, 

mustard greens is not proposed as a 

representative commodity for new Crop 

Group 5–14. All other representative 

commodities are the same as those 

currently representing Crop Group 5, 

and are proposed to represent new Crop 

Group 5–14 group members because the 

proposed representative commodities 

are the most likely to: Contain the 

highest residues (whether raw or 

processed); be major in terms of 

production and consumption; and be 

similar in morphology, growth habit, 

pest problems and edible portion, and 

subject to similar processing as the 

related commodities within a group or 

subgroup. These representative 

commodities account for >99% of the 

harvested acres for the members of this 

amended crop group, and are the most 

widely grown Brassica head and stem 

commodities in the United States, with 

the largest acreages and geographical 

distribution. The representative 

commodities are based on similarities in 

its vegetable structures, exposure to 

residues, and cultural practices and 

geographical locations, as well as their 

high production (both acres and yield) 

and consumption. A comparison of 

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established tolerances on Crop subgroup 

5A also supports that residue levels will 

be similar between members of the crop 

group. 

3. No subgroups in new Crop Group 

5–14. EPA proposes to not include 

subgroups in new Crop Group 5–14 

given the small number of commodities. 

C. Crop Group 22: Stalk, Stem, and Leaf 

Petiole Group 

EPA is proposing to establish a new 

crop group, entitled Stalk, Stem, and 

Leaf Petiole Crop Group 22. 

1. Commodities. EPA proposes to 

include the following 19 commodities 

in Crop Group 22: Agave, Agave spp.; 

aloe vera, Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.; 

asparagus, Asparagus officinalis L; 

bamboo shoots, Arundinaria spp.; 

Bambusa spp., Chimonobambusa spp.; 

Dendrocalamus spp., Fargesia spp.; 

Gigantochloa spp., Nastus elatus; 

Phyllostachys spp.; Thyrsostachys spp.; 

cardoon, Cynara cardunculus L.; celery, 

Apium graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) 

Pers.; celery, Chinese, Apium graveolens 

L. var. secalinum (Alef.) Mansf.; 

Celtuce, Lactuca sativa var. angustana 

L.H. Bailey; fennel, Florence, fresh 

leaves and stalk, Foeniculum vulgare 

Mill. subsp. vulgare var. azoricum 

(Mill.) Thell.; fern, edible, fiddlehead; 

Fuki, Petasites japonicus (Siebold & 

Zucc.) Maxim.; kale, sea, Crambe 

maritima L.; Kohlrabi, Brassica oleracea 

L.var gongylodes L.; palm hearts, 

various species; Prickly pear, pads, 

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Opuntia 

spp.; Prickly pear, Texas, pads, Opuntia 

engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. 

lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & 

Pinkav; rhubarb, Rheum x hybridum 

Murray; Udo, Aralia cordata Thunb.; 

and Zuiki, Colocasia gigantea (Blume) 

Hook. f. Also included are cultivars, 

varieties, and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

The 19 members of the new proposed 

Stalk, Stem and Leaf Petiole Crop Group 

22 are proposed based on similarities of 

the morphology of the stalk, stem, and 

leaf petiole vegetables; the cultural 

practices; the edible food and livestock 

feed portions; the plant exposure to 

pesticide residue levels; the 

geographical locations; the manner of 

processing; the food uses; and the 

established tolerances for the 

commodities. Additionally, the proposal 

of a separate new Stalk, Stem and Leaf 

Petioles Crop Group 22 will be similar 

to the Codex stalk and stem group. 

As previously discussed, the new 

Crop Group 22 is proposed to include 

certain commodities currently in Crop 

Group 4, Leafy Vegetable, except 

Brassica (those in subgroup 4B, with the 

exception of Swiss chard). Additionally, 

kohlrabi, which is currently a member 

of Crop Group 5, Brassica (Cole) Leafy 

Vegetables Crop is proposed to be 

included in Crop Group 22. The reasons 

for these two proposed changes are 

discussed in Units III A.2. and III B.2. 

2. Representative commodities. EPA 

proposes two representative 

commodities for new Stalk, Stem, and 

Leaf Petiole Crop Group 22: Asparagus 

and Celery. 

The proposed representative 

commodities, asparagus and celery, 

were chosen because they account for 

>98% of the harvested acres and 

production for the proposed members of 

this group. They are the two most 

widely grown stalk, stem, and leaf 

petiole crops in the United States, with 

both the largest acreages and 

geographical distribution. The selection 

of representative commodities is based 

on a representative commodity that is 

most likely to: Contain the highest 

residues (whether raw or processed); be 

major in terms of production and 

consumption; and be similar in 

morphology, growth habit, pest 

problems and edible portion, and 

subject to similar processing as the 

related commodities within a group or 

subgroup. 

3. Crop subgroups. EPA proposes new 

Stalk, Stem, and Leaf Petiole Crop 

Group 22 to have two crop subgroups: 

i. Stalk and stem vegetable subgroup 

22A. (Representative commodity— 

Asparagus). Twelve commodities are 

proposed for this subgroup: Agave; aloe 

vera; asparagus; bamboo shoots; Celtuce; 

fennel, Florence, fresh leaves and stalk; 

fern, edible; kale, sea; Kohlrabi; palm 

hearts; Prickly pear, pads; and Prickly 

pear, Texas, pads. Also included are 

cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

ii. Leaf petiole vegetable subgroup 

22B. (Representative commodity— 

Celery). Seven commodities are 

proposed for subgroup: Cardoon; celery; 

celery, Chinese; Fuki; rhubarb; Udo; and 

Zuiki. Also included are cultivars, 

varieties, and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

Comparisons of established tolerances 

on the commodities proposed for new 

Stalk and stem vegetable subgroup 22A 

and new Leaf petiole vegetable 

subgroup 22B support that residue 

levels will be similar between members 

of the crop group. Comparison of 

tolerances for the individual members of 

each subgroup also supports that these 

two representative commodities will 

support the crop subgroups. 

4. Commodity definitions. In 

conjunction with new Crop Group 22, 

EPA proposes two new commodity 

definitions for fern, edible and palm 

hearts to be added to § 180.1(g), as 

specified in the proposed regulatory 

text. These commodity definitions are 

being proposed in order to easily 

distinguish and define the various 

varieties of edible ferns and palm hearts, 

respectively. 

D. Crop Group 23: Tropical and 

Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel Group 

EPA is proposing to establish a new 

crop group, entitled Tropical and 

Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel, Crop 

Group 23. 

1. Commodities. EPA proposes to 

include the following 108 commodities 

in new Group 23: Ac ̧aı ́, Euterpe oleracea 

Mart.; Acerola, Malpighia emarginata 

DC.; African plum, Vitex doniana 

Sweet; Agritos, Berberis trifoliolata 

Moric.; Almondette, Buchanania lanzan 

Spreng.; Ambarella, Spondias dulcis 

Sol. ex Parkinson; Apak palm, Brahea 

dulcis (Kunth) Mart.; Appleberry, 

Billardiera scandens Sm.; Araza ́, 

Eugenia stipitata McVaugh; Arbutus 

berry, Arbutus unedo L.; Babaco, 

Vasconcellea x heilbornii (V. M. 

Badillo) V. M. Badillo; Bacaba palm, 

Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.; Bacaba-deleque, Oenocarpus distichus Mart.; 

Bayberry, Red, Morella rubra Lour.; 

Bignay, Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.; 

Bilimbi, Averrhoa bilimbi L.; Borojo ́, 

Borojoa patinoi Cuatrec.; Breadnut, 

Brosimum alicastrum Sw.; Cabeluda, 

Plinia glomerata (O. Berg) Amshoff; 

Cajou, fruit, Anacardium giganteum 

Hance ex Engl.; Cambuca ́, Marlierea 

edulis Nied.; Carandas-plum, Carissa 

edulis Vahl; Carob, Ceratonia siliqua L.; 

Cashew apple, Anacardium occidentale 

L.; Ceylon iron wood, Manilkara 

hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard; Ceylon olive, 

Elaeocarpus serratus L.; Cherry-of-theRio-Grande, Eugenia aggregata (Vell.) 

Kiaersk.; Chinese olive, black, Canarium 

tramdenum C. D. Dai & Yakovlev; 

Chinese olive, white, Canarium album 

(Lour.) Raeusch.; Chirauli-nut, 

Buchanania latifolia Roxb.; Ciruela 

verde, Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC.; 

Cocoplum, Chrysobalanus icaco L.; 

date, Phoenix dactylifera L.; Davidson’s 

plum, Davidsonia pruriens F. Muell.; 

Desert-date, Balanites aegyptiacus (L.) 

Delile; Doum palm coconut, Hyphaene 

thebaica (L.) Mart.; False sandalwood, 

Ximenia americana L.; Feijoa, Acca 

sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret; fig, Ficus 

carica L.; Fragrant manjack, Cordia 

dichotoma G. Forst.; Gooseberry, 

abyssinian, Dovyalis abyssinica (A. 

Rich.) Warb.; Gooseberry, Ceylon, 

Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Warb.; 

Gooseberry, Indian, Phyllanthus 

emblica L.; Gooseberry, otaheite, 

Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels; 

Governor’s plum, Flacourtia indica 

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(Burm. F.) Merr.; Grumichama, Eugenia 

brasiliensis Lam; Guabiroba, 

Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg; 

Guava, Psidium guajava L.; Guava berry, 

Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) 

O. Berg; Guava, Brazilian, Psidium 

guineense Sw.; Guava, cattley, Psidium 

cattleianum Sabine; Guava, Costa Rican, 

Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) 

Nied.; Guava, para, Psidium 

acutangulum DC.; Guava, purple 

strawberry, Psidium cattleianum Sabine 

var. cattleianum; Guava, strawberry, 

Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. 

littorale (Raddi) Fosberg; Guava, yellow 

strawberry, Psidium cattleianum Sabine 

var. cattleianum forma lucidum O. Deg.; 

Guayabillo, Psidium sartorianum (O. 

Berg) Nied.; Illawarra plum, Podocarpus 

elatus R. Br. Ex Endl.; Imbe ́, Garcinia 

livingstonei T. Anderson; Imbu, 

Spondias tuberosa Arruda ex Kost.; 

Indian-plum, Flacourtia jangomas 

(Lour.) basionym); Jaboticaba, Myrciaria 

cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg; Jamaicacherry, Muntingia calabura L.; 

Jambolan, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels; 

Jelly palm, Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.; 

Jujube, Indian, Ziziphus mauritiana 

Lam.; Kaffir-plum, Harpephyllum 

caffrum Bernh. Ex C. Krauss; Kakadu 

plum, Terminalia latipes Benth. subsp. 

psilocarpa Pedley; Kapundung, 

Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw.) Mull. 

Arg.; Karanda, Carissa carandas L.; 

Kwai muk, Artocarpus hypargyreus 

Hance ex Benth.; Lemon aspen, 

Acronychia acidula F. Muell; Mangaba, 

Hancornia speciosa Gomes; Marian 

plum, Bouea macrophylla Griff.; 

Mombin, malayan, Spondias pinnata (J. 

Koenig ex L. f.) Kurz; Mombin, purple, 

Spondias purpurea L.; Mombin, yellow, 

Spondias mombin L.; Monkeyfruit, 

Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham.; Monos 

plum, Pseudanamomis umbellulifera 

(Kunth) Kausel; Mountain cherry, 

Bunchosia cornifolia Kunth; Nance, 

Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth; Natal 

plum, Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC; 

Noni, Morinda citrifolia L.; Olive, Olea 

europaea L. subsp. europaea; papaya, 

mountain, Vasconcellea pubescens A. 

DC.; Pataua ́, Oenocarpus bataua Mart.; 

Peach palm, fruit, Bactris gasipaes 

Kunth var. gasipaes; persimmon, black, 

Diospyros texana Scheele; persimmon, 

Japanese, Diospyros kaki Thunb.; 

Pitomba, Eugenia luschnathiana 

Klotzsch ex O. Berg; Plum-ofMartinique, Flacourtia inermis Roxb.; 

Pomerac, Syzygium malaccense (L.) 

Merr. & L.M. Perry; Rambai, Baccaurea 

motleyana (Mull. Arg.) Mull. Arg.; Rose 

apple, Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston; 

Rukam, Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & 

Moritizi; Rumberry, Myrciaria dubia 

(Kunth) McVaugh, (Myrtaceae); Sea 

grape, Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L.; Sentul, 

Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. F.) Merr.; 

Sete-capotes, Campomanesia 

guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg; Silver 

aspen, Acronychia wilcoxian, (F. Muell.) 

T.G. Hartley; Starfruit, Averrhoa 

carambola L; Surinam cherry, Eugenia 

uniflora L.; Tamarind, Tamarindus 

indica L.; Uvalha, Eugenia pyriformis 

Cambess; Water apple, Syzygium 

aqueum (Burm. F.) Alston; Water pear, 

Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC.; Water 

berry, Syzygium cordatum Hochst. Ex C. 

Krauss; and Wax jambu, Syzygium 

samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. 

Perry. Also included are cultivars, 

varieties, and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

The commodities proposed for new 

Crop Group 23 are based on similarities 

in fruit size; peel (edible for all 

commodities); cultural practices; 

geographical distribution; lack of animal 

feed items; tolerance levels of 

established tolerances; and pest 

problems. The commodities chosen also 

further the goal of international 

harmonization of tolerances and MRLs, 

through coordinating the U.S. crop 

group amendments with efforts to 

amend the Codex crop groups. 

2. Representative commodities. EPA 

proposes four representative 

commodities for Tropical and 

Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel, Crop 

Group 23: Olive, Fig, Guava, and Date. 

The proposed representative 

commodities were chosen because they 

account for >95% of the harvested U.S. 

acres for the members of the proposed 

Crop Group 23. The selection of 

representative commodities is based on 

a representative commodity that is most 

likely to: Contain the highest residues 

(whether raw or processed); be major in 

terms of production and consumption; 

and be similar in morphology, growth 

habit, pest problems and edible portion, 

and subject to similar processing as the 

related commodities within a group or 

subgroup. Comparison of the tolerances 

established for the representative 

commodities support that residue levels 

will adequately cover the wide number 

of commodities. 

3. Crop subgroups. EPA proposes to 

create three crop subgroups for Tropical 

and Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel Crop 

Group 23: 

i. Small fruit, edible peel subgroup 

23A. (Representative commodity— 

Olive). EPA is proposing 56 

commodities for new subgroup 23A: 

Acerola; African plum; Agritos; 

Almondette; Appleberry; Arbutus berry; 

Bayberry, red; Bignay; Breadnut; 

Cabeluda; Carandas-plum; Ceylon iron 

wood; Ceylon olive; Cherry-of-the-RioGrande; Chinese olive, black; Chinese 

olive, white; Chirauli-nut; Cocoplum; 

Desert-date; False sandalwood; Fragant 

manjack; gooseberry, abyssinian; 

gooseberry, Ceylon; gooseberry, 

otaheite; Governor’s plum; 

Grumichama; Guabiroba; guava berry; 

guava, Brazilian; guava, Costa Rican; 

Guayabillo; Illawarra plum; Indianplum; Jamaica-cherry; Jambolan; Kaffirplum; Kakadu plum; Kapundung; 

Karnada; Lemon aspen; Mombin, 

yellow; Monos plum; Mountain cherry; 

olive; persimmon, black; Pitomba; 

Plum-of-Martinique; Rukam; Rumberry; 

Sea grape; Sete-capotes; Silver aspen; 

Water apple; Water pear; Water berry; 

and Wax jambu. Also included are 

cultivars, varieties and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

ii. Medium to large fruit, edible peel 

subgroup 23B. (Representative 

commodities—Fig and Guava). EPA is 

proposing 43 commodities for new 

subgroup 23B: Ambarella; Araza ́; 

Babaco; Bilimbi; Borojo ́; Cajou, fruit; 

Cambuca ́; Carob; Cashew apple; Ciruela 

verde; Davidson’s plum; Feijoa; Fig; 

gooseberry, Indian; guava; guava, 

cattley; guava, para; guava, purple 

strawberry; guava, strawberry; guava, 

yellow strawberry; Imbe ́; Imbu; 

Jaboticaba; Jujube, Indian; Kwai muk; 

Mangaba; Marian plum; Mombin, 

malayan; Mombin, purple; Monkeyfruit; 

Nance; Natal plum; Noni; papaya, 

mountain; persimmon, Japanese; 

Pomerac; Rambai; Rose apple; Sentul; 

starfruit; Surinam cherry; Tamarind; 

and Uvalha. Also included are cultivars, 

varieties and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

iii. Palm fruit, edible peel subgroup 

23C. (Representative commodity—Date). 

EPA is proposing nine commodities for 

new subgroup 23C: Ac ̧aı ́; Apak palm; 

Bacaba palm; Bacaba-de-leque; date; 

Doum palm coconut; Jelly palm; Pataua ́; 

and Peach palm, fruit. Also included are 

cultivars, varieties and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

The creation of these subgroups and 

the choice of representative commodity 

designations are based on sorting 

commodities into fruit size, small versus 

medium to large fruit, based on the 

surface area to mass (volume) ratio, with 

the addition of a palm subgroup in order 

to determine the proposed subgrouping 

scheme. Small fruit were distinguished 

from medium and large fruit depending 

on whether the fruit’s surface area to 

mass (volume) ratio was greater or less 

than 1.5:1. Palm commodities are 

proposed to be classified in a separate 

subgroup based on the botanical 

similarity of trees in the family 

Arecaceae (alt. Palmae). Palm fruit is 

produced in clusters that are partially 

exposed to the elements, and fruit is 

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located considerably higher on palm 

trees than other tropical and subtropical 

fruits; therefore, similar use patterns of 

pesticide applications are expected to 

occur and similar residue patterns can 

be expected within the palm group. EPA 

has determined that residue data on the 

designated representative crops will 

provide adequate information on 

residue levels in crops and subgroups. 

E. Crop Group 24: Tropical and 

Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel Group 

EPA is proposing to establish a new 

crop group entitled Tropical and 

Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel, Crop 

Group 24: 

1. Commodities. EPA proposes to 

include the following 104 commodities 

in new Crop Group 24: Abiu, Pouteria 

caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk; Aisen, 

Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.; Akee 

apple, Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig; 

Atemoya, Annona cherimola Mill. X A. 

squamosa L.; avocado, Persea 

americana Mill.; avocado, Guatemalan, 

Persea americana Mill. var. 

guatemalensis; avocado, Mexican, 

Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia 

(Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blak; avocado, 

West Indian, Persea americana var. 

americana; Bacury, Platonia insignis 

Mart.; Bael fruit, Aegle marmelos (L.) 

Correˆa; banana, Musa spp. and hybrids; 

banana, dwarf, Musa hybrids; Musa 

acuminata Colla; Binjai, Mangifera 

caesia Jack; Biriba, Annona mucosa 

Jacq.; Breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis 

(Parkinson) Fosberg; Burmese grape, 

Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.; Canistel, 

Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni; 

Cat’s-eyes, Dimocarpus longan Lour. 

subsp. malesianus Leenh.; Champedak, 

Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.; 

Cherimoya, Annona cherimola Mill.; 

Cupuacu ́, Theobroma grandiflorum 

(Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum.; Custard 

apple, Annona reticulata L.; Dragon 

fruit, Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton 

& Rose; Durian, Durio zibethinus L.; 

Elephant-apple, Limonia acidissima L.; 

Etambe, Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) 

Hook. F.; Granadilla, Passiflora ligularis 

Juss.; Granadilla, giant, Passiflora 

quadrangularis L.; Ilama, Annona 

macroprophyllata Donn. Sm.; Inga ́, Inga 

vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. 

Penn.; Jackfruit, Artocarpus 

heterophyllus Lam.; Jatoba ́, Hymenaea 

courbaril L.; Karuka, Pandanus 

julianettii Martelli; Kei apple, Dovyalis 

caffra (Hook. F. & Harv.) Warb.; Langsat, 

Lansium domesticum Correˆa; Lanjut, 

Mangifera lagenifera Griff.; Longan, 

Dimocarpus longan Lour.; Lucuma, 

Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; 

Lychee, Litchi chinensis Sonn.; Mabolo, 

Diospyros blancoi A. DC.; Madras-thorn, 

Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.; 

Mammy-apple, Mammea americana L.; 

Manduro, Balanites maughamii 

Sprague; mango, Mangifera indica L.; 

mango, horse, Mangifera foetida Lour.; 

mango, Saipan, Mangifera odorata 

Griff.; Mangosteen, Garcinia 

mangostana L.; Marang, Artocarpus 

odoratissimus Blanco; Marmaladebox, 

Genipa americana L.; Matisia, Matisia 

cordata Humb. & Bonpl.; Mesquite, 

Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.; Mongongo, 

fruit, Schinziophyton rautanenii 

(Schinz) Radcl.-Sm; Monkey-bread-tree, 

Adansonia digitata L.; Monstera, 

Monstera deliciosa Liebm.; Nicobarbreadfruit, Pandanus leram Jones ex 

Fontana; Paho, Mangifera altissima 

Blanco; Pandanus, Pandanus utilis 

Bory; papaya, Carica papaya L.; 

passionflower, winged-stem, Passiflora 

alata Curtis; passionfruit, Passiflora 

edulis Sims; passionfruit, banana, 

Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima 

(Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jorg.; 

passionfruit, purple, Passiflora edulis 

Sims forma edulis; passionfruit, yellow, 

Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa 

O. Deg.; Pawpaw, common, Asimina 

triloba (L.) Dunal; Pawpaw, smallflower, Asimina parviflora (Michx.) 

Dunal; Pelipisan, Mangifera casturi 

Kosterm.; Pequi, Caryocar brasiliense 

Cambess; Pequia, Caryocar villosum 

(Aubl.) Pers.; persimmon, American, 

Diospyros virginiana L.; pineapple, 

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.; Pitahaya, 

Hylocereus polyrhizus (F. A. C. Weber) 

Britton & Rose; Pitaya, Hylocereus spp. 

including H. megalanthus, H. 

ocamponis and H. polychizus; Pitaya 

amarilla, Hylocereus triangularis Britton 

& Rose; Pitaya roja, Hylocereus 

ocamponis (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose; 

Pitaya, yellow, Hylocereus megalanthus 

(K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf Bauer; 

plantain, Musa paradisiaca L.; 

pomegranate, Punica granatum L.; 

Poshte, Annona liebmanniana Baill.; 

Prickly pear, fruit, Opuntia ficus-indica 

(L.) Mill., Opuntia spp.; Prickly pear, 

Texas, fruit, Opuntia engelmannii SalmDyck ex Engelm. var. lindheimeri 

(Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava; 

Pulasan, Nephelium ramboutan-ake 

(Labill.) Leenh.; Quandong, Santalum 

acuminatum (R. Br.) DC.; Rambutan, 

Nephelium lappaceum L.; Saguaro, 

Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & 

Rose; Sapodilla, Manilkara zapota (L.) 

P. Royen; Sapote, black, Diospyros 

digyna Jacq.; Sapote, green, Pouteria 

viridis (Pittier) Cronquist; Sapote, 

mamey, Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. 

Moore & Stearn; Sapote, white, 

Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex; Sataw, 

Parkia speciosa Hassk.; Satinleaf, 

Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.; Screwpine, Pandanus tectorius Parkinson; 

Sierra Leone-tamarind, Dialium 

guineense Willd.; Soncoya, Annona 

purpurea Moc. & Sesse ́ ex Dunal; 

Soursop, Annona muricata L.; Spanish 

lime, Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.; Star 

apple, Chrysophyllum cainito L.; Sugar 

apple, Annona squamosa L.; Sun 

Sapote, Licania platypus (Hemsl.) 

Fritsch; Tamarind-of-the-Indies, 

Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel.; 

Velvet Tamarind, Dialium indum L.; 

Wampi, Clausena lansium (Lour.) 

Skeels; White star apple, Chrysophyllum 

albidum G. Don; and Wild loquat, 

Uapaca kirkiana Mu ̈ll. Arg. Also 

included are cultivars, varieties, and 

hybrids of these commodities. 

2. Representative commodities. EPA 

proposes the following commodities as 

representatives for new Tropical and 

Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel, Crop 

Group 24: Atemoya or Sugar apple; 

avocado; pomegranate or banana; 

Dragon fruit; Prickly pear, fruit; lychee; 

passionfruit; and pineapple. 

These representative commodities 

will account for approximately 99% of 

the harvested U.S. acres for the 

members of the new crop group. The 

selection of representative commodities 

is based on a representative commodity 

that is most likely to: Contain the 

highest residues (whether raw or 

processed); be major in terms of 

production and consumption; and be 

similar in morphology, growth habit, 

pest problems and edible portion, and 

subject to similar processing as the 

related commodities within a group or 

subgroup. Comparison of the tolerances 

established for the representative 

commodities support that residue levels 

will adequately cover the wide number 

of commodities. 

3. Crop subgroups. EPA proposes five 

crop subgroups for new Tropical and 

Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel, Crop 

Group 24: 

i. Small fruit, inedible peel subgroup 

24A. (Representative commodity— 

Lychee). EPA is proposing 18 

commodities in new subgroup 24A: 

Aisen; Bael fruit; Burmese grape; Cat’s 

eyes; Inga ́; lychee; Madras-thorn; 

Manduro; Matisia; Mesquite; Mongongo, 

fruit; Pawpaw, small-flower; Satinleaf; 

Sierra Leone-tamarind; Spanish lime; 

Velvet tamarind; Wampi; and White star 

apple. Also included are cultivars, 

varieties and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

ii. Medium to large fruit, smooth, 

inedible peel subgroup 24B. 

(Representative commodities—Avocado, 

plus Pomegranate or Banana). EPA is 

proposing 42 commodities for new 

subgroup 24B: Abiu; Akee apple; 

avocado; avocado, Guatemalan; 

avocado, Mexican; avocado, West 

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Indian; Bacury; banana; banana, dwarf; 

Binjai; Canistel; Cupuacu ́; Etambe; 

Jatoba ́; Kei apple; Langstat; Lanjut; 

Lucuma; Mabolo; mango; mango, horse; 

mango, Saipan; Mangosteen; Paho; 

papaya; Pawpaw, common; Pelipisan; 

Pequi; Pequia; persimmon, American; 

plantain; pomegranate; Poshte; 

Quandong; Sapote, black; Sapote, green; 

Sapote, white; Sataw; Screw-pine; Star 

apple; Tamarind-of-the-Indies; and Wild 

loquat. Also included are cultivars, 

varieties and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

iii. Medium to large fruit, rough or 

hairy, inedible peel subgroup 24C. 

(Representative commodities— 

Pineapple, plus Atemoya or Sugar 

apple). EPA is proposing 27 

commodities for new subgroup 24C: 

Atemoya; Biriba; breadfruit; 

Champedak; Cherimoya; Custard apple; 

Durian; Elephant-apple; Ilama; Jackfruit; 

Karuka; longan; Mammy-apple; 

Marmalade-box; Marang; Monkey-bread 

tree; Nicobar-breadfruit; Pandanus; 

pineapple; Pulasan; Rambutan; 

Sapodilla; Sapote, mamey; Soncoya; 

Soursop; Sugar apple; and Sun sapote. 

Also included are cultivars, varieties 

and hybrids of these commodities. 

iv. Cactus inedible peel subgroup 

24D. (Representative commodities— 

Dragon fruit and Prickly pear fruit). EPA 

is proposing nine commodities for new 

subgroup 24D: Dragon fruit; Pitahaya; 

Pitaya; Pitaya amarilla; Pitaya roja; 

Pitaya, yellow; Prickly pear, fruit; Texas 

prickly pear, fruit; and Saguaro. Also 

included are cultivars, varieties and 

hybrids of these commodities. 

v. Vine inedible peel subgroup 24E. 

(Representative commodity— 

Passionfruit). EPA is proposing eight 

commodities for new subgroup 24E: 

Granadilla; Granadilla, giant; Monstera; 

passionflower, winged-stem; 

passionfruit; passionfruit, banana; 

passionfruit, purple; and passionfruit, 

yellow. Also included are cultivars, 

varieties and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

The creation of these subgroups and 

the choice of representative commodity 

designations are based on similarities 

between cultural practices, potential 

residue exposure due to fruit size area, 

and lack of animal feed items. The 

proposed subgroup designations are 

based on fruit size (small versus 

medium to large fruit), determined via 

the surface area to mass (volume) ratio, 

as well as peel texture (rough or hairy, 

smooth, or cactus), and growth habit 

(e.g., vine crops). 

F. Other Changes 

1. Revise § 180.40(e) and (f). EPA 

believes that § 180.40(f) of the Crop 

Group Regulations, promulgated in 1983 

(Ref. 2), has become outdated and that 

revisions are needed. Section 180.40(f) 

addresses the interaction of crop group 

tolerances with processed food 

tolerances and meat, milk, and egg 

tolerances. Under FFDCA section 408, 

raw food tolerances and exemptions 

from tolerance apply to processed foods 

as well; however, separate processed 

food tolerances are needed if residues 

may concentrate to levels higher than 

the raw food tolerance in one or more 

fractions of the raw food following 

processing. (21 U.S.C. 346a(a)(2)). This 

provision in the FFDCA is generally 

referred to as the flow-through provision 

because it legally permits residues—or, 

more accurately, the raw food 

tolerance—to flow through to processed 

food. Similarly, residues in a raw crop 

may make necessary a tolerance in meat, 

milk, and egg commodities if the crop, 

or a fraction thereof, is a significant 

animal feed commodity and the 

consumption of the treated crop may 

lead to residues in livestock 

commodities. (§ 180.3(b)). Section 

180.40(f) requires that, if any 

commodity covered by a crop group is 

utilized as an animal feed, any needed 

tolerances or exemptions from tolerance 

in meat, milk, or egg commodities must 

be established before the crop group 

tolerance will be promulgated. Section 

180.40(f) also specifies that: 

• Representative crops in a crop 

group include all crops that upon 

processing may result in a greater 

concentration of residues in the 

processed food; 

• Processing data will be required 

before establishing a crop group 

tolerance; and 

• Crop group tolerances will not be 

established on processed foods prepared 

from crops covered by crop group 

tolerances. 

When § 180.40(f) was proposed, one 

commenter criticized it as subject to 

misinterpretation. The commenter noted 

that crop groups do not include all 

crops that are processed as 

representative commodities and thus 

the provision may be construed as a 

‘‘guide for crops for which food or feed 

additive data will be required.’’ (Ref. 2). 

Another commenter asked EPA to 

reconsider the exclusion on crop group 

tolerances for processed foods. In 

response to the first commenter, EPA 

disagreed that the provision would be 

misconstrued as limiting processing 

data requirements to representative 

commodities. While not disputing that 

crop groups do not include all 

commodities subject to processing as 

representative commodities, the Agency 

thought the provision did not suggest 

that processing data was not required on 

all commodities that are processed. EPA 

cited the bar on setting group tolerances 

on processed foods as the basis for this 

conclusion. Nonetheless, the Agency 

did note that representative 

commodities are intended to be 

representative of ‘‘the overall residue 

picture for the group,’’ including 

residues in processed foods. As to the 

second comment, EPA declined to 

remove the bar on establishing crop 

group tolerances for processed foods. 

EPA concluded that, given the relatively 

low number of processed food 

tolerances established each year and the 

potentially significant differences in 

processing techniques even for 

commodities in the same crop group, it 

would not be appropriate to set 

processed food group tolerances. 

However, EPA promised to re-examine 

this exclusion in the future (Ref. 2). 

EPA has now re-examined the 

requirements of § 180.40(f) in light of 30 

years of experience in implementing the 

1983 crop groups rule, evaluating 

residue levels in processed foods; and 

setting processed food tolerances. Based 

on this re-examination, EPA has 

concluded that § 180.40(f) is no longer 

consistent with Agency practice and 

fails to provide clear direction to 

tolerance petitioners. 

With regard to consistency with 

Agency practice, § 180.40(f) is out-ofstep with Agency determinations made 

on what commodities are appropriately 

considered representative and on 

whether processed food group 

tolerances should be set. As noted, 

§ 180.40(f) specifies that ‘‘representative 

crops include all crops in the group that 

could be processed such that residues 

may concentrate in processed food and/ 

or feed.’’ The thinking behind this 

provision appears to have been that 

processed food and animal feeds were 

so unique that residue data on them was 

needed in all cases to evaluate human 

exposure to a pesticide under a group 

tolerance and to determine whether 

processed food and feed tolerances are 

needed. In practice, EPA has not found 

this to be the case. For example, nearly 

every crop in the Crop Group 15— 

Cereal Grains is processed into fractions 

that could result in concentrated 

residues but EPA only selected a 

handful of the crops to serve as 

representative crops. Designating every, 

or nearly every, crop in a crop group as 

a representative commodity would have 

defeated the purpose of having a crop 

group. The selection of only a few of the 

cereal grains that are processed as 

representative crops was based on an 

analysis on the representativeness of 

these crops as to both raw and 

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processed commodities. EPA has 

determined that, as to the commodities 

in this group, processing data on only a 

few commodities would be adequate for 

estimating residue values in all 

processed foods covered by the crop 

group tolerance (under FFDCA section 

408, raw food tolerances apply to all 

processed food, including animal feed, 

derived from that raw food) (Ref. 3). 

(See 21 U.S.C. 346a(a)(2)) 

EPA’s experience implementing the 

crop group regulations has also led EPA 

to question the wisdom of § 180.40(f)’s 

bar on crop group tolerances for 

‘‘processed foods prepared from crops 

covered by [a] group tolerance.’’ If, as 

found for the cereal grains group and 

other more recently established crop 

groups, processing data on a few 

commodities are adequate to assess 

residue levels in processed food and 

animal feed covered by the crop group 

tolerance, there is no reason not to 

consider setting a crop group tolerance 

for processed food or animal feed, 

where needed. In fact, outside of the 

context of the crop group regulations in 

§§ 180.40 and 180.41, EPA has been 

setting de facto crop group tolerances 

for processed foods pursuant to its 

Residue Chemistry Test Guidelines (Ref. 

4) for years. For example, those 

Guidelines identify the commodity 

‘‘citrus’’ as appropriate for use in setting 

both raw and processed food/feed 

tolerances. Although this term is not 

necessarily co-extensive with Crop 

Group 10–10, Citrus Fruit Group, it does 

indicate EPA’s judgment that processed 

food/feed tolerances are workable for 

categories of commodities and not just 

single commodities. 

Additionally, EPA’s conclusions in 

1983 regarding the relative rarity of the 

need for processed food tolerances and 

the uniqueness of food processing 

techniques have not stood the test of 

time. Although the number of processed 

food tolerances is small compared to the 

number of raw food tolerances, the 

overall number of processed food 

tolerances is significant. For example, 

there are over 250 processed food 

tolerances established for the processed 

commodities of just four crops: Almond 

(hulls); apple (wet and dry pomace and 

juice); sugar beet (dried pulp, molasses, 

and refined sugar); and wheat (bran, 

germ, flour, middlings, milled 

byproducts, and shorts). Further, EPA’s 

conclusion about the uniqueness of 

processing techniques has not been 

borne out by the thousands of 

processing studies received by EPA. 

EPA’s method of estimating pesticide 

levels in processed foods is conservative 

because EPA bases its estimate on the 

highest residue value found in field 

trials designed to produce worst-case 

residue levels. Data from the USDA’s 

Pesticide Data Program (PDP) confirms 

the conservativeness of EPA’s approach. 

PDP data show that residues in 

processed foods are usually one to two 

orders of magnitude below the level 

estimated by EPA in its exposure 

assessment and tolerance selection 

processes. 

EPA has not only found § 180.40(f) to 

be out-of-step with Agency practice, but 

upon further reflection based upon 

years of experience, EPA now believes 

there is substantial merit in the 

comments made 30 years ago 

questioning the regulation’s clarity. 

Other than the bar on processed food 

group tolerances, EPA believes that 

§ 180.40(f) meant to establish three 

principles. First, the provision was 

intended to incorporate in the crop 

group regulations EPA’s long-held 

policy (generally referred to as the 

‘‘coordination policy’’) of not setting 

tolerances on raw agricultural 

commodities unless any needed 

tolerances on processed foods 

(including animal feeds) and on meat, 

milk, and/or eggs are in place (or are 

being simultaneously established) (Ref. 

2, p. 29856). Otherwise, raw foods 

containing legal residues might result, 

after processing for human or animal 

consumption or after consumption by 

livestock, in adulterated commodities 

subject to seizure. 

Second, the provision was intended to 

indicate that representative 

commodities would be chosen for crop 

groups with an eye toward the issue of 

residue levels in processed foods and in 

meat, milk, and eggs resulting from 

animals consuming treated food so that 

the representative crops would be truly 

representative of the group. Third, the 

provision was intended to explain that 

processing studies and animal feeding 

studies, where appropriate, would be 

required on the representative 

commodities. Unless such studies were 

submitted when needed, EPA believed 

it could not determine overall exposure 

levels resulting from a crop group 

tolerance and if a crop group tolerance 

would inadvertently lead to processed 

food or animal feed that has over 

tolerance residues. Little of this, 

however, plainly emerges from the text 

of § 180.40(f). 

Based on this re-examination of 

§ 180.40(f), EPA has concluded that 

several changes are needed. EPA is 

proposing to revise § 180.40(f) to more 

clearly enunciate the three principles 

originally included in the provision and 

to update these provisions in line with 

current practice. For the sake of clarity, 

the proposed revisions include dividing 

§ 180.40(f) into four paragraphs. In 

proposed § 180.40(f)(1), EPA is 

proposing to adopt a statement of its 

coordination policy similar to that in 

EPA’s Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, 

and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 

regulations that bars the granting of a 

FIFRA registration until all needed 

tolerances have received Agency 

approval. (See 40 CFR 152.112(g)) EPA 

is proposing that crop group tolerances 

not be established until all other 

‘‘necessary’’ tolerances have been 

approved (or are being simultaneously 

established). Generally, the 

establishment of a tolerance for one raw 

commodity makes other tolerances 

‘‘necessary’’ if normal processing, 

handling, production, transportation, or 

storage of the treated commodity, or 

consumption of the commodity by 

livestock, could lead to the presence of 

a residue in another commodity not 

covered by a tolerance or exemption. 

Proposed § 180.40(f)(1) specifies that 

tolerances in other food forms are 

considered necessary if: 

• A processed form or fraction of a 

raw food covered by the crop group 

tolerance may contain residues due to 

processing that are higher than the crop 

group tolerance; 

• There exist raw commodities 

derived or produced from commodity 

covered by the crop group tolerance but 

the derived raw food is not covered by 

the crop group tolerance; and 

• Commodities, or fractions thereof, 

that are covered by the crop group 

tolerance are a significant animal feed 

item and consumption of the feed item 

may lead to residues in meat, milk, or 

eggs. 

The reason for the second criteria is 

that the production of food may result 

in multiple discrete raw and processed 

commodities as a crop moves from 

harvest to market, but the flow-through 

provision only applies to processed 

foods. Raw foods that are discrete from 

the raw commodity specified in the 

tolerance need a separate tolerance if 

they contain any residue level (i.e., they 

are not covered by the flow-through 

provision). Separate raw forms of the 

same crop can be created, for example, 

by drying the crop because not all forms 

of drying are considered to be 

‘‘processing,’’ as that term is used in the 

FFDCA (Ref. 5). Proposed § 180.40(f)(1) 

carves out an exception to the first two 

types of necessary tolerances where 

there is complete separation between 

crops grown solely to be sold as a 

specific raw commodity and crops 

grown for the purpose of producing a 

processed food or a separate raw 

commodity. In these circumstances, no 

processed food tolerance (or separate 

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raw commodity tolerance) is needed to 

set the raw food tolerance because 

production of the commodity for the 

raw food market will not result in the 

production of processed foods (or 

distinct raw commodities). 

In new § 180.40(f)(2) EPA is proposing 

to add express authority to set processed 

food group tolerances for processed 

foods, or fractions of foods, produced 

from foods covered by the crop groups 

established in § 180.41. Thus, EPA is 

proposing to delete the language barring 

the establishment of crop group 

tolerances for processed foods as 

currently exists in § 180.40(f). Such 

processed commodity group tolerances 

would apply to the types of processed 

commodities, including both food and 

feed products, as to which EPA has 

traditionally set processed food 

tolerances (e.g., juice, oil, and dried 

pulp of citrus commodities). Thus, 

going forward, EPA will be able to 

replace multiple individual processed 

commodity tolerances with a single crop 

group processed commodity tolerance. 

For example, a crop group tolerance on 

‘‘Grain, cereal, group 15, bran’’ would 

apply to bran from each of the 14 

commodities in Crop Group 15. 

In new § 180.40(f)(2) EPA is also 

proposing to set crop group tolerances 

for discrete raw commodities produced 

from commodities covered by the crop 

groups in § 180.41 where these discrete 

raw commodities are not covered by the 

crop group. An example of such a 

discrete ‘‘produced’’ raw food is 

aspirated grain fractions that are 

produced during the storage of grain but 

is neither the raw agricultural 

commodity ‘‘grain’’ nor a processed 

food. Once final, EPA would be 

authorized to set, for example, a crop 

group tolerance for ‘‘Grain, cereal, group 

15, aspirated grain fractions.’’ Further, 

§ 180.40(f)(2) integrates processed food 

(and ‘‘produced’’ raw commodities) 

group tolerances into § 180.40 more 

generally by specifying that these group 

tolerances are to be governed by several 

of the provisions in § 180.40 pertaining 

to raw agricultural commodity crop 

groups: 

• § 180.40(c)—allowing crop group 

tolerances to be established where 

tolerances already exist on the 

representative commodities; 

• § 180.40(d)—establishing the 

representative commodities as the 

minimum residue chemistry data base; 

• § 180.40(e)—requiring that 

registered patterns of pesticide use be 

similar for all crops in the group; 

• § 180.40(g)—specifying the 

maximum variation in residue values in 

representative crops generally permitted 

for establishing a crop group; and 

• § 180.40(h)—providing an 

alternative for excluding a commodity 

from a crop group. 

Because of these proposed revisions, 

EPA is also proposing to revise 

§ 180.40(e) to make clear that crop 

groups may only be established where 

both the pesticide use patterns in the 

production of the crops and the food 

processing steps are similar. 

In new § 180.40(f)(3) EPA is proposing 

to restate EPA’s concept of 

representative commodities to 

incorporate its revised view that a 

representative commodity can represent 

both raw and processed foods covered 

by the crop group tolerance as well as 

residues that may result in meat, milk, 

or eggs from use of covered crops, or 

fractions thereof, as animal feed. 

Finally, in new § 180.40(f)(4) EPA is 

also proposing to make clear that 

processing data, data on residues in raw 

commodities derived or produced from 

the commodity in the crop group, and 

animal feeding studies will be required, 

where appropriate. Processing data are 

generally required if a raw commodity 

is processed and residues may 

concentrate in one or more of the 

processed fractions. EPA expects that 

processing data on the representative 

commodities will generally be sufficient 

for establishing processed commodity 

group tolerances but, as with raw 

agricultural commodity crop groups, 

may require additional processing data 

where circumstances warrant. Animal 

studies are required if the raw 

commodity or any of its processed 

fractions are a significant animal feed 

commodity. 

2. Revise Crop Groups 16, 17, and 18 

to clarify that separate group tolerances 

may be set on forage, fodder, straw, and 

hay. Crop groups 16, 17, and 18 cover 

animal feeds (forage, fodder, straw, and/ 

or hay) for various grains, grasses, and 

non-grass/non-grain crops. EPA’s 

experience in administering these crop 

groups has shown that, for some 

pesticides, there may be significant 

differences between residue levels of 

forage, fodder, stover, straw, and/or hay 

for the covered crops even though the 

residue levels in each of these animal 

feeds are similar for the various crops 

covered. For example, with Crop Group 

16, residue levels in forage and fodder 

of corn and wheat may be very different 

than residue levels in straw of corn and 

wheat despite a similarity between 

residue levels in corn and wheat for 

each of the these animal feed 

commodities individually (i.e., residue 

levels in forage of corn and wheat are 

similar, residue levels in fodder of corn 

and wheat are similar, etc.). In these 

circumstances, EPA believes that 

enforcement can be more efficient and 

dietary exposure assessments more 

precise if separate group tolerances can 

be set on the animal feeds covered by 

the group tolerance. Accordingly, EPA 

is proposing to amend each of these 

crop groups to make clear that separate 

crop groups can be set for one or more 

of the animal feeds in the group if there 

are differences between the residue 

levels in the animal feed commodities 

but residue levels are similar for the 

individual commodities across the 

covered crops. 

3. Revise broccoli commodity 

definition. EPA proposes to revise the 

commodity definition for broccoli in 

§ 180.1(g) to correct the spelling for gai 

lon, which is currently written as ‘‘gia 

lon.’’ 

4. Revise sugar apple commodity 

definition. EPA proposes to revise the 

commodity definition for sugar apple in 

§ 180.1(g) to update the scientific name 

for sugar apple as well as to remove the 

remove sweetsop and anon from the 

definition. 

IV. References 

The following is a listing of the 

documents that are specifically 

referenced in this document. The docket 

includes these documents and other 

information considered by EPA, 

including documents that are referenced 

within the documents that are included 

in the docket, even if the referenced 

document is not physically located in 

the docket. For assistance in locating 

these other documents, please consult 

the person listed under FOR FURTHER

INFORMATION CONTACT. 

1. EPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop 

Grouping Program; Proposed Expansion; 

Proposed Rule. Federal Register (77 FR 

28920, May 23, 2007) (FRL–8126–1). 

2. EPA. Crop Grouping: Amendment 

to Tests on the Amount of Residue 

Remaining in Minor Crops; Final Rule. 

Federal Register (48 FR 29855, June 29, 

1983). 

3. EPA. Bernard A. Schneider. 

Selection of Representative 

Commodities and Processed 

Commodities. July 24, 2014. Docket ID 

number EPA–HQ–OPP–2006–0766. 

4. EPA. Residue Chemistry Test 

Guidelines. OPPTS 860.1520, Processed 

Food/Feed. August 1996. 

5. EPA. Pesticides; Status of Dried 

Commodities as Raw Agricultural 

Commodities; Notice. Federal Register 

(61 FR 2386, January 25, 1996) (FRL– 

4992–4). 

6. EPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop 

Grouping Program; Proposed Expansion; 

Proposed Rule. Federal Register (77 FR 

28920, May 23, 2007) (FRL–8126–1). 

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7. EPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop 

Grouping Program; Final Rule. Federal 

Register (72 FR 69150, December 7, 

2007) (FRL–8343–1). 

V. Statutory and Executive Order 

Reviews 

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 

Planning and Review and Executive 

Order 13563: Improving Regulation and 

Regulatory Review 

This action is not a ‘‘significant 

regulatory action’’ under the terms of 

Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, 

October 4, 1993) and is therefore not 

subject to review under Executive 

Orders 12866 and 13563 (76 FR 3821, 

January 21, 2011). 

EPA prepared an analysis of the 

potential costs and benefits associated 

with this action in the first proposed 

rule of this series of updates (Ref. 6). 

This analysis is contained in ‘‘Economic 

Analysis Proposed Expansion of Crop 

Grouping Program.’’ A copy of the 

analysis is available in the docket. 

Because the costs and benefits of each 

update to the crop grouping rule are 

essentially the same, EPA believes the 

May 23, 2007 economic analysis 

continues to be applicable here and is 

summarizing it in this unit. 

This is a burden-reducing regulation. 

Crop grouping has saved money by 

permitting the results of pesticide 

exposure studies for one crop to be 

applied to other, similar crops. This 

regulation would expand certain 

existing crop groups and add new crop 

groups. 

The primary beneficiaries of the 

regulation are minor crop producers and 

consumers. Specialty crop producers 

will benefit because lower registration 

costs will encourage manufacturers to 

register more pesticides on minor crops, 

providing these growers with additional 

pesticide options. The greater 

availability of pesticides for use in the 

United States as well as increased 

coverage of tolerances to imported 

commodities may result in a larger 

supply of imported and domestically 

produced specialty produce at 

potentially lower costs benefiting 

consumers. Secondary beneficiaries are 

pesticide registrants, who benefit 

because expanded markets for 

pesticides will lead to increased sales. 

IR–4 and EPA, which are publicly 

funded Federal Government entities, 

will more efficiently use resources as a 

result of the rule. 

EPA will conserve resources if, as 

expected, new or expanded crop groups 

result in fewer emergency pesticide use 

requests from specialty crop growers. 

Further, new and expanded crop groups 

will likely reduce the number of 

separate risk assessments and tolerance 

rulemakings that EPA will have to 

conduct. The public will further benefit 

from the increased international 

harmonization of crop classification and 

nomenclature, harmonized commodity 

import and export standards, and 

increased potential for resource sharing 

between EPA and other pesticide 

regulatory agencies. Revisions to the 

crop grouping program will result in no 

appreciable costs or negative impacts to 

consumers, specialty crop producers, 

and pesticide registrants. 

The benefits of this action can be 

shown through the example of the 

impact of changes to Crop Group 3 in 

a prior rulemaking (Ref. 7). That 

rulemaking established Bulb Vegetable 

Crop Group 3–07, which expanded 

upon the related Crop Group 3, Bulb 

Vegetables from 7 to 25 crops, an 

increase of 18 from the original crop 

group. Prior to the establishment of the 

expanded crop group, adding tolerances 

for the 18 crops would have required a 

minimum of 18 field trials at a cost of 

approximately $5.4 million (assuming 

$300,000 per field trial). However, after 

promulgation of the new group, these 18 

new crops could obtain pesticide 

tolerances under a Crop Group 3–07 

tolerance with no field trials in addition 

to those required on the representative 

commodities (which did not change 

with the expansion of the group). Fewer 

field trials mean a greater likelihood 

that these commodities will obtain 

tolerance coverage under the FFDCA, 

aiding growers and reducing the costs of 

both the IR–4 data development process 

and the EPA review process, all while 

maintaining the protectiveness of the 

tolerance regulatory scheme. 

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) 

This action does not impose any new 

information collection requirements that 

would require additional review or 

approval by OMB under the provisions 

of PRA, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. However, 

this action is expected to reduce 

mandatory paperwork due to a 

reduction in required studies. This 

action will also have the effect of 

reducing the number of residue 

chemistry studies because fewer 

representative crops would need to be 

tested under a crop grouping scheme, 

than it would otherwise be required. 

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 

Pursuant to RFA section 605(b), 5 

U.S.C. 601 et seq., I hereby certify that 

this proposed rule will not have a 

significant adverse economic impact on 

a substantial number of small entities. 

This proposed rule does not have any 

direct adverse impacts on small 

businesses, small non-profit 

organizations, or small local 

governments. 

For the purpose of assessing the 

impacts of this proposed rule on small 

entities, a small entity is defined as: 

1. A small business as defined by the 

Small Business Administration’s (SBA) 

regulations at 13 CFR 121.201. 

2. A small governmental jurisdiction 

that is a government of a city, county, 

town, school district or special district 

with a population of less than 50,000. 

3. A small organization that is any 

not-for-profit enterprise which is 

independently owned and operated and 

is not dominant in its field. 

In determining whether a rule has a 

significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities, the 

impact of concern is any significant 

adverse economic impact on small 

entities, since the primary purpose of 

the regulatory flexibility analyses is to 

identify and address regulatory 

alternatives ‘‘which minimize any 

significant economic impact of the 

proposed rule on small entities’’ (5 

U.S.C. 603 and 604). Thus, an agency 

may certify that a rule will not have a 

significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities if 

the rule relieves regulatory burden or 

otherwise has a positive economic effect 

on all of the small entities subject to the 

rule. 

This proposed action provides 

regulatory relief and regulatory 

flexibility. The new crop groups ease 

the process for pesticide manufacturers 

to obtain pesticide tolerances on greater 

numbers of crops. Pesticides will be 

more widely available to growers for use 

on crops, particularly specialty crops. 

This proposed action is not expected to 

have any adverse impact on small 

businesses. 

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

(UMRA) 

EPA has determined that this action 

does not contain a Federal mandate that 

may result in expenditures of $100 

million or more for State, local, and 

tribal governments, in the aggregate, or 

the private sector in any 1 year. 

Accordingly, this action is not subject to 

the requirements of UMRA sections 202, 

203, 204, and 205, 2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq. 

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism 

Pursuant to Executive Order 13132, 

64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999, EPA has 

determined that this action does not 

have federalism implications, because it 

will not have substantial direct effects 

on the States, on the relationship 

between the national government and 

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68164 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 220 / Friday, November 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

the States, or on the distribution of 

power and responsibilities among the 

various levels of government, as 

specified in the Executive Order. Thus, 

Executive Order 13132 does not apply 

to this action. 

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 

and Coordination With Indian Tribal 

Governments 

As required by Executive Order 

13175, 65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000, 

EPA has determined that this action 

does not have tribal implications 

because it will not have any effect on 

tribal governments, on the relationship 

between the Federal Government and 

the Indian tribes, or on the distribution 

of power and responsibilities between 

the Federal Government and Indian 

tribes, as specified in the Executive 

order. Thus, Executive Order 13175 

does not apply to this action. 

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 

Children From Environmental Health 

Risks and Safety Risks 

Executive Order 13045, 62 FR 19885, 

April 23, 1997 does not apply because 

this action is not designated as an 

economically significant regulatory 

action as defined by Executive Order 

12866 (see Unit V.A.), nor does it 

establish an environmental standard, or 

otherwise have a disproportionate effect 

on children. 

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That 

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 

Distribution, or Use 

This action is not a ‘‘significant 

energy action’’ as defined in Executive 

Order 13211, 66 FR 28355, May 22, 

2001 because it is not designated as an 

regulatory action as defined by 

Executive Order 12866 (see Unit V.A.), 

nor is it likely to have any adverse effect 

on the supply, distribution, or use of 

energy. 

I. National Technology Transfer and 

Advancement Act (NTTAA) 

Section 12(d) of NTTAA, 15 U.S.C. 

272 note, directs EPA to use voluntary 

consensus standards in its regulatory 

activities unless to do so would be 

inconsistent with applicable law or 

impractical. Voluntary consensus 

standards are technical standards (e.g., 

materials specifications, test methods, 

and sampling procedures) that are 

developed or adopted by voluntary 

consensus standards bodies. This action 

does not impose any technical standards 

that would require EPA to consider the 

use of any voluntary consensus 

standards. 

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal 

Actions To Address Environmental 

Justice in Minority Populations and 

Low-Income Populations 

This action does not have an adverse 

impact on the environmental and health 

conditions in low-income and minority 

communities. Therefore, this action 

does not involve special consideration 

of environmental justice related issues 

as specified in Executive Order 12898, 

59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994. 

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180 

Environmental protection, 

Administrative practice and procedure, 

Commodities, Pesticides and pests. 

Dated: November 3, 2014. 

James Jones, 

Assistant Administrator, Office of Chemical 

Safety and Pollution Prevention. 

Therefore, it is proposed that 40 CFR 

chapter I be amended as follows: 

PART 180—[AMENDED] 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 180 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371. 

■ 2. In § 180.1: 

■ a. Revise the entries for ‘‘Broccoli’’ 

and ‘‘Sugar apple’’ in the table in 

paragraph (g). 

■ b. Add entries for ‘‘Fern, edible’’ and 

‘‘Palm hearts’’ in alphabetical order to 

the table in paragraph (g). 

The revisions and additions read as 

follows: 

§ 180.1 Definitions and interpretations. 

* * * * * 

(g) * * * 

A B 

*******

Broccoli .............. Broccoli, Chinese broccoli (gai lon, white flowering broccoli). 

*******

Fern, edible ........ Fern, edible, fiddlehead including: Black lady fern, Deparia japonica (Thunb.) M. Kato; Bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) 

Kuhn; Broad buckler fern, Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray; Cinnamon fern, Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl; 

Lady fern, Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mert.; Leather fern, Acrostichum aureum L.; Mother fern, Diplazium proliferum 

(Lam.) Thouars; Ostrich fern, Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod.; Vegetable fern, Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.; Zenmai 

fern, Osmuda japonica Thunb. 

*******

Palm hearts ....... Palm hearts, various species including: African fan palm, Borassus aethiopum Mart.; Cabbage palm, Euterpe oleracea Mart.; 

Cabbage palmetto, Sabal palmetto (Walter) Schult. & Schult. f.; Coconut, Cocos nucifera L.; Palmyra palm, Borassus 

flabellifera L.; Peach Palm, Bactris gasipaes Kunth; Royal palm, Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F. Cook; Salak palm, 

Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss; Saw palmetto, Serenoa repens (W. Bartram) Small; Wine palm, Raphia spp. 

*******

Sugar apple ....... Annona squamosa L. and its hybrid atemoya (Annona cherimola Mill X A. squamosa L.) Also includes true custard apple 

(Annona reticulata L.). 

*******

* * * * * 

■ 3. In § 180.40, revise paragraphs (e) 

and (f) to read as follows: 

§ 180.40 Tolerances for crop groups. 

* * * * * 

(e) Since a group tolerance reflects 

maximum residues likely to occur on all 

individual crops within a group, the 

proposed or registered patterns of use 

for all crops in the group or subgroup 

must be similar before a group tolerance 

is established. The pattern of use 

consists of the amount of pesticide 

applied, the number of times applied, 

the timing of the first application, the 

interval between applications, and the 

interval between the last application 

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and harvest. The pattern of use will also 

include the type of application; for 

example, soil or foliar application, or 

application by ground or aerial 

equipment. Additionally, since a group 

tolerance reflects maximum residues 

likely to occur on all individual foods 

within a group, food processing 

practices must be similar for all crops in 

the group or subgroup if the processing 

practice has the potential to result in 

residues in a processed commodity at a 

higher concentration than the raw 

agricultural commodity. 

(f)(1) General. EPA will not establish 

a crop group for a pesticide unless all 

tolerances made necessary by the 

presence of pesticide residues in the 

crop group commodities have been 

issued or are being issued 

simultaneously with the crop group 

tolerance. For purposes of this 

paragraph (f)(1): 

(i) Necessary tolerances for residues 

resulting from crop group tolerances 

include: 

(A) Tolerances for processed food, 

including processed animal feed, to the 

extent needed under 21 U.S.C. 

346a(a)(2). 

(B) Tolerances for raw commodities 

not covered by the crop group tolerance 

that are derivative of commodities in the 

group. 

(C) Tolerances for meat, milk, or egg 

products that may contain residues as a 

result of livestock’s consumption of 

animal feed containing pesticide 

residues to the extent needed under 

§ 180.6(b). 

(ii) Notwithstanding the foregoing, a 

tolerance is not considered necessary for 

processed food, derivative raw 

commodities, or meat, milk, and eggs if 

the precursor raw commodities are 

grown solely for sale as a raw 

commodities and are completely 

segregated from commodities grown for 

the purpose of producing processed 

foods, derivative raw commodities, and 

commodities, or fractions thereof, that 

are used as animal feed. 

(2) Processed commodity and related 

raw commodity crop group tolerances. 

EPA may establish crop group 

tolerances for processed commodities or 

fractions of commodities (e.g., bran and 

flour from the Cereal Grains Group), 

including processed fractions used as 

animal feed (e.g., pomace from the Pome 

Fruit Group), produced from crops in 

the crop groups in § 180.41. EPA may 

establish crop group tolerances for raw 

commodities or fractions of 

commodities, including fractions used 

as animal feed, derived from 

commodities covered by the crop groups 

in § 180.41 (e.g., aspirated grain dust 

associated with the Cereal Grains 

Group). Crop group tolerances on 

processed foods and derivative raw 

commodities may be based on data on 

representative commodities for 

associated crop group. Paragraphs (c), 

(d), (e), (g), and (h) of this section apply 

to group tolerances authorized by this 

paragraph (f)(2). 

(3) Representative crops. Unless 

indicated otherwise in §§ 180.40 and 

180.41, the processed food and feed 

forms of the representative crops for a 

crop group are considered to be 

representative of the processed food and 

feed forms and any derivative raw 

commodities not covered by the crop 

group, that are produced from any of the 

raw agricultural commodities covered 

by the crop group tolerance. 

Additionally, unless indicated 

otherwise in §§ 180.40 and 180.41, 

representative commodities for such 

crop groups are selected taking into 

consideration whether their use as 

animal feed will result in residues in or 

on meat, milk, and/or eggs at a level 

representative of the residues that 

would result from use of the other 

commodities or byproducts in the crop 

group as an animal feed. 

(4) Data. Processing data on 

representative crops are required prior 

to establishment of a group tolerance if 

the processing of the representative 

commodity has the potential to result in 

residues in a processed commodity at a 

higher concentration than in the 

representative commodity. Residue data 

are required on raw commodities 

derived from the crops in the crop group 

tolerance but not directly covered by the 

tolerance. Animal feeding studies with 

a representative crop are required if the 

representative crop is used as a 

significant animal feed. 

* * * * * 

■ 4. In § 180.41: 

■ a. Revise paragraph (b). 

■ b. Redesignate paragraphs (c)(6) 

through (28) as paragraphs (c)(7) 

through (29), respectively. 

■ c. Add a new paragraph (c)(6). 

■ d. Redesignate newly redesignated 

paragraphs (c)(8) through (29) as 

paragraphs (c)(9) through (30), 

respectively. 

■ e. Add a new paragraph (c)(8). 

■ f. Revise newly redesignated 

paragraphs (c)(25)(ii), (c)(26)(ii), and 

(c)(27)(ii) introductory text. 

■ g. Add paragraphs (c)(31), (32), and 

(33). 

The revisions and additions read as 

follows: 

§ 180.41 Crop group tables. 

* * * * * 

(b) Commodities not listed are not 

considered as included in the groups for 

the purposes of this paragraph (b), and 

individual tolerances must be 

established. Miscellaneous commodities 

intentionally not included in any group 

include globe artichoke, hops, peanut, 

and water chestnut. 

(c) * * * 

(6) Crop Group 4–14. Leafy Vegetable 

Group. 

(i) Representative commodities. Head 

lettuce, leaf lettuce, mustard greens, and 

spinach. 

(ii) Commodities. The following Table 

1 lists all commodities included in Crop 

Group 4–14. 

TABLE 1—CROP GROUP 4–14: LEAFY VEGETABLE

Commodities Related crop 

subgroup 

Amaranth, Chinese (Amaranthus tricolor L.) ...................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Amaranth, leafy (Amaranthus spp.) .................................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) ................................................................................................................................................................. 4–14B 

Aster, Indian (Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch. Bip.) .................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Blackjack (Bidens pilosa L.) ................................................................................................................................................................ 4–14A 

Broccoli, Chinese (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L.H. Bailey) Musil) ........................................................................................ 4–14B 

Broccoli raab (Brassica ruvo L.H. Bailey) ........................................................................................................................................... 4–14B 

Cabbage, abyssinian (Brassica carinata A. Braun) ............................................................................................................................ 4–14B 

Cabbage, seakale (Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.) ............................................................................................................... 4–14B 

Cat’s whiskers (Cleome gynandra L.) ................................................................................................................................................ 4–14A 

Cham-chwi (Doellingeria scabra (Thunb.) Nees) ............................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Cham-na-mul (Pimpinella calycina Maxim) ........................................................................................................................................ 4–14A 

Chervil, fresh leaves (Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.) ................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

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TABLE 1—CROP GROUP 4–14: LEAFY VEGETABLE—Continued 

Commodities Related crop 

subgroup 

Chinese cabbage, bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt) ....................................................................................... 4–14B 

Chipilin (Crotalaria longirostrata Hook & Arn) .................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Chrysanthemum, garland (Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach. Glebionis spp.) ...................................................................... 4–14A 

Cilantro, fresh leaves (Coriandrum sativum L.) .................................................................................................................................. 4–14A 

Collards (Brassica oleracea var. Viridis L.) ........................................................................................................................................ 4–14B 

Corn salad (Valerianella spp.) ............................................................................................................................................................ 4–14A 

Cosmos (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) .................................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Cress, garden (Lepidium sativum L.) ................................................................................................................................................. 4–14B 

Cress, upland (Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton) .................................................................................................................................. 4–14B 

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. Aggr.) ........................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Dang-gwi (Angelica gigas) .................................................................................................................................................................. 4–14A 

Dillweed (Anethum graveolens L.) ...................................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Dock (Rumex patientia L.) .................................................................................................................................................................. 4–14A 

Dol-nam-mul (Sedum sarmentosum Bunge) ...................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Ebolo (Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore) .................................................................................................................. 4–14A 

Endive (Cichorium endivia L. ssp. Endivia) ........................................................................................................................................ 4–14A 

Escarole (Cichorium endivia L. ssp. Endivia) ..................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Fameflower (Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss.) ....................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Feather cockscomb (Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC.) .................................................................................................................. 4–14A 

Good King Henry (Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.) ........................................................................................................................ 4–14A 

Hanover salad (Brassica napus var. Pabularia (DC.) Rchb.) ............................................................................................................ 4–14B 

Huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.) ..................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Jute, leaves (Corchorus spp.) ............................................................................................................................................................. 4–14A 

Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica L.) ......................................................................................................................................... 4–14B 

Lettuce, bitter (Launaea cornuta (Hochst. ex Oliv. & Hiern) C. Jeffrey) ............................................................................................ 4–14A 

Lettuce, head (Lactuca sativa L.; including Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) ..................................................................................... 4–14A 

Lettuce, leaf (Lactuca sativa L.; including Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam.; Lactuca sativa var. crispa L.) ................................. 4–14A 

Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) ......................................................................................................................................................... 4–14B 

Mizuna (Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt) .................................................................................................. 4–14B 

Mustard greens (Brassica juncea subsp., including Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. subsp. integrifolia (H. West) Thell., Brassica 

juncea (L.) Czern. var. tsatsai (T. L. Mao) Gladis).

4–14B 

Orach (Atriplex hortensis L.) ............................................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Parsley, fresh leaves (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill; Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum Danert) .......... 4–14A 

Plantain, buckthorn (Plantago lanceolata L.) ...................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Primrose, English (Primula vulgaris Huds.) ........................................................................................................................................ 4–14A 

Purslane, garden (Portulaca oleracea L.) ........................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Purslane, winter (Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd) ........................................................................................................................ 4–14A 

Radicchio (Cichorium intybus L.) ........................................................................................................................................................ 4–14A 

Radish, leaves (Raphanus sativus L. var sativus, including Raphanus sativus L. var. mougri H. W. J. Helm (Raphanus sativus 

L. var. oleiformis Pers).

4–14B 

Rape greens (Brassica napus L. var. napus, including Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt; Brassica rapa subsp. 

dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt; Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera Met).

4–14B 

Rocket, wild (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) ........................................................................................................................................ 4–14B 

Shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik) ..................................................................................................................... 4–14B 

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) ........................................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Spinach, malabar (Basella alba L.) .................................................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Spinach, New Zealand (Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze) .................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Spinach, tanier (Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.) .................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. Vulgaris) .................................................................................................................................. 4–14A 

Turnip greens (Brassica rapa L. subsp. Rapa) .................................................................................................................................. 4–14B 

Violet, Chinese (Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson) .................................................................................................................... 4–14A 

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton) .................................................................................................................................. 4–14B 

Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities ......................................................................................................................

(iii) Crop subgroups. The following 

Table 2 identifies the crop subgroups for 

Crop Group 4–14, specifies the 

representative commodities for each 

subgroup, and lists all the commodities 

included in each subgroup. 

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TABLE 2—CROP GROUP 4–14: SUBGROUP LISTING

Representative 

commodities Commodities 

Crop Subgroup 4–14A. Leafy greens subgroup 

Head lettuce, leaf lettuce, and spinach.Amaranth, Chinese; amaranth, leafy; aster, Indian; blackjack; cat’s whiskers; chervil, fresh leaves; cham-chwi; cham-namul; chipilin; chrysanthemum, garland; cilantro, fresh leaves; corn salad; cosmos; dandelion; dang-gwi; dillweed; dock; 

dol-nam-mul; ebolo; endive; escarole; fameflower; feather cockscomb; good king henry; huauzontle; jute, leaves; lettuce, bitter; lettuce, head; lettuce, leaf; orach; parsley, fresh leaves; plantain, buckhorn; primrose, English; purslane, 

garden; purslane, winter; radicchio; spinach; spinach, malabar; spinach, New Zealand; spinach, tanier; swiss chard; 

violet, Chinese; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities. 

Crop Subgroup 4–14B. Brassica leafy greens subgroup 

Mustard greens ........ Arugula; broccoli raab; broccoli, Chinese; cabbage, abyssinian; cabbage, seakale; Chinese cabbage, bok choy; collards; 

cress, garden; cress, upland; hanover salad; kale; maca; mizuna; mustard greens; radish, leaves; rape greens; rocket, 

wild; shepherd’s purse; turnip greens; watercress; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities. 

* * * * * 

(8) Crop Group 5–14. Brassica Head 

and Stem Vegetable Group. 

(i) Representative commodities. 

Broccoli or cauliflower and cabbage. 

(ii) Commodities. The following List 1 

contains all commodities included in 

Crop Group 5–14. 

LIST 1—CROP GROUP 5–14: BRASSICA HEAD AND STEM VEGETABLE

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica 

Plenck). 

Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. 

gemmifera (DC.) Zenker). 

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata 

L.). 

Cabbage, Chinese, napa (Brassica rapa L. 

subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt). 

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. 

capitata L.). 

Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these 

commodities. 

* * * * * 

(25) * * * 

(ii) Commodities. The commodities 

included in Crop Group 16 are: Forage, 

fodder, stover, and straw of all 

commodities included in the group 

cereal grains group. EPA may establish 

separate group tolerances on forage, 

fodder, hay, stover, or straw, if data on 

the representative commodities indicate 

differences in the levels of residues on 

forage, fodder, stover, or straw. 

(26) * * * 

(ii) Commodities. The commodities 

included in Crop Group 17 are: Forage, 

fodder, stover, and hay of any grass, 

Gramineae/Poaceae family (either green 

or cured) except sugarcane and those 

included in the cereal grains group, that 

will be fed to or grazed by livestock, all 

pasture and range grasses and grasses 

grown for hay or silage. EPA may 

establish separate group tolerances on 

forage, fodder, stover, or hay, if data on 

the representative commodities indicate 

differences in the levels of residues on 

forage, fodder, stover, or hay. 

(27) * * * 

(ii) Commodities. EPA may establish 

separate group tolerances on forage, 

fodder, straw, or hay, if data on the 

representative commodities indicate 

differences in the levels of residues on 

forage, fodder, straw, or hay. The 

following is a list of all the commodities 

included in Crop Group 18: 

* * * * * 

(31) Crop Group 22. Stalk, Stem and 

Leaf Petiole Vegetable Group. 

(i) Representative commodities. 

Asparagus and celery. 

(ii) Commodities. The following Table 

1 lists all commodities included in Crop 

Group 22. 

TABLE 1—CROP GROUP 22: STALK, STEM AND LEAF PETIOLE VEGETABLE GROUP

Commodities Related crop 

subgroup 

Agave (Agave spp.) ............................................................................................................................................................................ 22A 

Aloe vera (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. ........................................................................................................................................................ 22A 

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) .................................................................................................................................................. 22A 

Bamboo, shoots (Arundinaria spp.; Bambusa spp., Chimonobambusa spp.; Dendrocalamus spp., Fargesia spp.; Gigantochloa 

spp., Nastus elatus; Phyllostachys spp.; Thyrsostachys spp.).

22A 

Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) ...................................................................................................................................................... 22B 

Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.) ............................................................................................................................. 22B 

Celery, Chinese (Apium graveolens L. var. secalinum (Alef.) Mansf.) .............................................................................................. 22B 

Celtuce (Lactuca sativa var. angustana L.H. Bailey) ......................................................................................................................... 22A 

Fennel, Florence, fresh leaves and stalk (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.) ............................. 22A 

Fern, edible, fiddlehead ...................................................................................................................................................................... 22A 

Fuki (Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.) ......................................................................................................................... 22B 

Kale, sea (Crambe maritima L.) ......................................................................................................................................................... 22A 

Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var gongylodes L.) ............................................................................................................................ 22A 

Palm hearts (various species) ............................................................................................................................................................ 22A 

Prickly pear, pads (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Opuntia spp.) ....................................................................................................... 22A 

Prickly pear, Texas, pads (Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkav) .......... 22A 

Rhubarb (Rheum x hybridum Murray) ................................................................................................................................................ 22B 

Udo (Aralia cordata Thunb.) ............................................................................................................................................................... 22B 

Zuiki (Colocasia gigantea (Blume) Hook. f.) ....................................................................................................................................... 22B 

Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities. .....................................................................................................................

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(iii) Crop subgroups. The following 

Table 2 identifies the crop subgroups for 

Crop Group 22, specifies the 

representative commodities for each 

subgroup, and lists all the commodities 

included in each subgroup. 

TABLE 2—CROP GROUP 22: SUBGROUP LISTING

Representative 

commodities Commodities 

Crop Subgroup 22A. Stalk and stem vegetable subgroup 

Asparagus ................ Agave; aloe vera; asparagus; bamboo, shoots; celtuce; fennel, florence, fresh leaves and stalk; fern, edible; kale, sea; 

kohlrabi; palm hearts; prickly pear, pads; prickly pear, Texas, pads; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities 

Crop Subgroup 22B. Leaf petiole vegetable subgroup 

Celery ....................... Cardoon; celery; celery, Chinese; fuki; rhubarb; udo; zuiki; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities 

(32) Crop Group 23. Tropical and 

Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel Group. 

(i) Representative commodities. Date, 

fig, guava, and olive. 

(ii) Commodities. The following Table 

1 lists all commodities included in Crop 

Group 23. 

TABLE 1—CROP GROUP 23: TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUIT, EDIBLE PEEL

Commodities Related crop 

subgroup 

Ac ̧aı ́ (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) ............................................................................................................................................................. 23C 

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) .................................................................................................................................................. 23A 

African plum (Vitex doniana Sweet) ................................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Agritos (Berberis trifoliolata Moric.) .................................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Almondette (Buchanania lanzan Spreng.) .......................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Ambarella (Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson) ................................................................................................................................. 23B 

Apak palm (Brahea dulcis (Kunth) Mart.) ........................................................................................................................................... 23C 

Appleberry (Billardiera scandens Sm.) ............................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Araza ́ (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) .................................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Arbutus berry (Arbutus unedo L.) ....................................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Babaco (Vasconcellea x heilbornii (V. M. Badillo) V. M. Badillo) ...................................................................................................... 23B 

Bacaba palm (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) ......................................................................................................................................... 23C 

Bacaba-de-leque (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) ................................................................................................................................. 23C 

Bayberry, red (Morella rubra Lour.) .................................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Bignay (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.) ............................................................................................................................................ 23A 

Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) ................................................................................................................................................................ 23B 

Borojo ́ (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrec.) ....................................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Breadnut (Brosimum alicastrum Sw.) ................................................................................................................................................. 23A 

Cabeluda (Plinia glomerata (O. Berg) Amshoff) ................................................................................................................................. 23A 

Cajou, fruit (Anacardium giganteum Hance ex Engl.) ........................................................................................................................ 23B 

Cambuca ́ (Marlierea edulis Nied.) ...................................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Carandas-plum (Carissa edulis Vahl) ................................................................................................................................................. 23A 

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) ................................................................................................................................................................ 23B 

Cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) ....................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Ceylon iron wood (Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard) ................................................................................................................... 23A 

Ceylon olive (Elaeocarpus serratus L.) .............................................................................................................................................. 23A 

Cherry-of-the-Rio-Grande (Eugenia aggregata (Vell.) Kiaersk.) ........................................................................................................ 23A 

Chinese olive, black (Canarium tramdenum C. D. Dai & Yakovlev) .................................................................................................. 23A 

Chinese olive, white (Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.) ................................................................................................................. 23A 

Chirauli-nut (Buchanania latifolia Roxb.) ............................................................................................................................................ 23A 

Ciruela verde (Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC.) .............................................................................................................................. 23B 

Cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco L.) ................................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) .............................................................................................................................................................. 23C 

Davidson’s plum (Davidsonia pruriens F. Muell.) ............................................................................................................................... 23B 

Desert-date (Balanites aegyptiacus (L.) Delile) .................................................................................................................................. 23A 

Doum palm coconut (Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart.) ......................................................................................................................... 23C 

False sandalwood (Ximenia americana L.) ........................................................................................................................................ 23A 

Feijoa (Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret) .......................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Fig (Ficus carica L.) ............................................................................................................................................................................ 23B 

Fragrant manjack (Cordia dichotoma G. Forst.) ................................................................................................................................. 23A 

Gooseberry, abyssinian (Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb.) ........................................................................................................ 23A 

Gooseberry, Ceylon (Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Warb.) ............................................................................................................. 23A 

Gooseberry, Indian (Phyllanthus emblica L.) ..................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Gooseberry, otaheite (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) ...................................................................................................................... 23A 

Governor’s plum (Flacourtia indica (Burm. F.) Merr.) ........................................................................................................................ 23A 

Grumichama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam) ............................................................................................................................................ 23A 

Guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg) ............................................................................................................................ 23A 

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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 220 / Friday, November 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 68169 

TABLE 1—CROP GROUP 23: TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUIT, EDIBLE PEEL—Continued 

Commodities Related crop 

subgroup 

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) ............................................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Guava berry (Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg) ........................................................................................................ 23A 

Guava, Brazilian (Psidium guineense Sw.) ........................................................................................................................................ 23A 

Guava, cattley (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) ..................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Guava, Costa Rican (Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied.) .................................................................................................. 23A 

Guava, para (Psidium acutangulum DC.) ........................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Guava, purple strawberry (Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum) ........................................................................................ 23B 

Guava, strawberry (Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg) ............................................................................... 23B 

Guava, yellow strawberry (Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum forma lucidum O. Deg.) .................................................. 23B 

Guayabillo (Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg) Nied.) ............................................................................................................................. 23A 

Illawarra plum (Podocarpus elatus R. Br. Ex Endl.) ........................................................................................................................... 23A 

Imbe ́ (Garcinia livingstonei T. Anderson) ........................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Imbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda ex Kost.) ........................................................................................................................................ 23B 

Indian-plum (Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.). basionym) ........................................................................................................................ 23A 

Jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg) ............................................................................................................................... 23B 

Jamaica-cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) ............................................................................................................................................. 23A 

Jambolan (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) ........................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Jelly palm (Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.) ............................................................................................................................................ 23C 

Jujube, Indian (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) ......................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Kaffir-plum (Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. Ex C. Krauss) ................................................................................................................. 23A 

Kakadu plum (Terminalia latipes Benth. subsp. psilocarpa Pedley) .................................................................................................. 23A 

Kapundung (Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw.) Mull. Arg.) ..................................................................................................................... 23A 

Karanda (Carissa carandas L.) ........................................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Kwai muk (Artocarpus hypargyreus Hance ex Benth.) ...................................................................................................................... 23B 

Lemon aspen (Acronychia acidula F. Muell) ...................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) ............................................................................................................................................. 23B 

Marian plum (Bouea macrophylla Griff.) ............................................................................................................................................. 23B 

Mombin, malayan (Spondias pinnata (J. Koenig ex L. f.) Kurz) ........................................................................................................ 23B 

Mombin, purple (Spondias purpurea L.) ............................................................................................................................................. 23B 

Mombin, yellow (Spondias mombin L.) .............................................................................................................................................. 23A 

Monkeyfruit (Artocarpus lacucha Buch. Ham.) ................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Monos plum (Pseudanamomis umbellulifera (Kunth) Kausel) ........................................................................................................... 23A 

Mountain cherry (Bunchosia cornifolia Kunth) .................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Nance (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth) ........................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC.) ............................................................................................................................... 23B 

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) ................................................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) ........................................................................................................................................ 23A 

Papaya, mountain (Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC.) ....................................................................................................................... 23B 

Pataua ́ (Oenocarpus bataua Mart.) .................................................................................................................................................... 23C 

Peach palm, fruit (Bactris gasipaes Kunth var. gasipaes) ................................................................................................................. 23C 

Persimmon, black (Diospyros texana Scheele) .................................................................................................................................. 23A 

Persimmon, Japanese (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) ................................................................................................................................. 23B 

Pitomba (Eugenia luschnathiana Klotzsch ex O. Berg) ..................................................................................................................... 23A 

Plum-of-Martinique (Flacourtia inermis Roxb.) ................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Pomerac (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) ................................................................................................................ 23B 

Rambai (Baccaurea motleyana (Mull. Arg.) Mull. Arg.) ...................................................................................................................... 23B 

Rose apple (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) ........................................................................................................................................ 23B 

Rukam (Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritizi) .......................................................................................................................................... 23A 

Rumberry (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) Mc Vaugh Myrtaceae) ................................................................................................................ 23A 

Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L.) ................................................................................................................................................ 23A 

Sentul (Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. F.) Merr.) ................................................................................................................................. 23B 

Sete-capotes (Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg) ................................................................................................... 23A 

Silver aspen (Acronychia wilcoxian (F. Muell.) T.G. Hartley) ............................................................................................................. 23A 

Starfruit ( Averrhoa carambola L.) ...................................................................................................................................................... 23B 

Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) .................................................................................................................................................. 23B 

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) ........................................................................................................................................................ 23B 

Uvalha (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess ) .............................................................................................................................................. 23B 

Water apple (Syzygium aqueum (Burm. F.) Alston) .......................................................................................................................... 23A 

Water pear (Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC) .................................................................................................................................. 23A 

Water berry (Syzygium cordatum Hochst. Ex C. Krauss) .................................................................................................................. 23A 

Wax jambu (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry) ................................................................................................. 23A

Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities ......................................................................................................................

(iii) Table. The following Table 2 

identifies the crop subgroups for Crop 

Group 23, specifies the representative 

commodities for each subgroup, and 

lists all the commodities included in 

each subgroup. 

mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS

68170 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 220 / Friday, November 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

TABLE 2—CROP GROUP 23: SUBGROUP LISTING

Representative 

commodities Commodities 

Crop Subgroup 23A. Small fruit, edible peel subgroup 

Olive ......................... Acerola; African plum; agritos; almondette; appleberry; arbutus berry; bayberry, red; bignay; breadnut; cabeluda; 

carandas-plum; Ceylon iron wood; Ceylon olive; cherry-of-the-Rio-Grande; Chinese olive, black; Chinese olive, white; 

chirauli-nut; cocoplum; desert-date; false sandalwood; fragant manjack; gooseberry, abyssinian; gooseberry, Ceylon; 

gooseberry, otaheite; governor’s plum; grumichama; guabiroba; guava berry; guava, Brazilian; guava, Costa Rican; 

guayabillo; illawarra plum; Indian-plum; Jamaica-cherry; jambolan; kaffir-plum; kakadu plum; kapundung; karnada; 

lemon aspen; mombin, yellow; monos plum; mountain cherry; olive; persimmon, black; pitomba; plum-of-martinique; 

rukam; rumberry; sea grape; sete-capotes; silver aspen; water apple; water pear; water berry; wax jambu; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities. 

Crop Subgroup 23B. Medium to large fruit, edible peel subgroup 

Fig and guava .......... Ambarella; araza ́; babaco; bilimbi; borojo ́; cajou, fruit; cambuca ́; carob; cashew apple; ciruela verde; Davidson’s plum; 

feijoa; fig; gooseberry, Indian; guava; guava, cattley; guava, para; guava, purple strawberry; guava, strawberry; guava, 

yellow strawberry; imbe ́; imbu; jaboticaba; jujube, Indian; kwai muk; mangaba; Marian plum; mombin, Malayan; 

mombin, purple; monkeyfruit; nance; natal plum; noni; papaya, mountain; persimmon, Japanese; pomerac; rambai; 

rose apple; sentul; starfruit; Surinam cherry; tamarind; uvalha; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities. 

Crop Subgroup 23C. Palm fruit, edible peel subgroup 

Date .......................... Ac ̧aı ́; apak palm; bacaba palm; bacaba-de-leque; date; doum palm coconut; jelly palm; pataua ́; peach palm, fruit; 

cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities. 

(33) Crop Group 24. Tropical and 

Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel Group. 

(i) Representative commodities. 

Atemoya or sugar apple, avocado, 

banana or pomegranate, dragon fruit, 

lychee, passionfruit, pineapple, and 

prickly pear, fruit. 

(ii) Commodities. The following Table 

1 lists all commodities included in Crop 

Group 24. 

TABLE 1—CROP GROUP 24: TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUIT, INEDIBLE PEEL

Commodities Related crop 

subgroup 

Abiu (Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk) ...................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Aisen (Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.) ......................................................................................................................................... 24A 

Akee apple (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) ........................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Atemoya (Annona cherimola Mill. X A. squamosa L.) ....................................................................................................................... 24C 

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) ...................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Avocado, Guatemalan (Persea americana Mill. var. guatemalensis) ................................................................................................ 24B 

Avocado, Mexican (Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blak) .............................................................. 24B 

Avocado, West Indian (Persea americana var. americana) ............................................................................................................... 24B 

Bacury (Platonia insignis Mart.) .......................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos (L.) Correˆa) ............................................................................................................................................. 24A 

Banana (Musa spp.) ........................................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Banana, dwarf (Musa hybrids; Musa acuminata Colla) ..................................................................................................................... 24B 

Binjai (Mangifera caesia Jack) ............................................................................................................................................................ 24B 

Biriba (Annona mucosa Jacq.) ........................................................................................................................................................... 24C 

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) ............................................................................................................................ 24C 

Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.) ...................................................................................................................................... 24A 

Canistel (Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni) .............................................................................................................................. 24B 

Cat’s-eyes (Dimocarpus longan Lour. subsp. malesianus Leenh.) .................................................................................................... 24A 

Champedak (Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.) ............................................................................................................................... 24C 

Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) .................................................................................................................................................. 24C 

Cupuacu ́ (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum.) ................................................................................................. 24B 

Custard apple (Annona reticulata L.) .................................................................................................................................................. 24C 

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose) ................................................................................................................. 24D 

Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) ................................................................................................................................................................ 24C 

Elephant-apple (Limonia acidissima L.) .............................................................................................................................................. 24C 

Etambe (Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook. F.) ............................................................................................................................... 24B 

Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) ................................................................................................................................................. 24E 

Granadilla, giant (Passiflora quadrangularis L.) ................................................................................................................................. 24E 

Ilama (Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm.) .................................................................................................................................... 24C 

Inga ́ (Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Penn.) .................................................................................................................... 24A 

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) .......................................................................................................................................... 24C 

Jatoba ́ (Hymenaea courbaril L.) ......................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Karuka (Pandanus julianettii Martelli) ................................................................................................................................................. 24C 

Kei apple (Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. & Harv.) Warb.) ........................................................................................................................ 24B 

Langsat (Lansium domesticum Correˆa) ............................................................................................................................................. 24B 

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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 220 / Friday, November 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 68171 

TABLE 1—CROP GROUP 24: TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUIT, INEDIBLE PEEL—Continued 

Commodities Related crop 

subgroup 

Lanjut (Mangifera lagenifera Griff.) ..................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) .................................................................................................................................................... 24C 

Lucuma (Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze) .............................................................................................................................. 24B 

Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) .......................................................................................................................................................... 24A 

Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.) .................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Madras-thorn (Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.) ......................................................................................................................... 24A 

Mammy-apple (Mammea americana L ) ............................................................................................................................................ 24C 

Manduro (Balanites maughamii Sprague) .......................................................................................................................................... 24A 

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) ............................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Mango, horse (Mangifera foetida Lour.) ............................................................................................................................................. 24B 

Mango, Saipan (Mangifera odorata Griff.) .......................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L. ) ............................................................................................................................................. 24B 

Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) ....................................................................................................................................... 24C 

Marmaladebox (Genipa americana L.) ............................................................................................................................................... 24C 

Matisia (Matisia cordata Humb. & Bonpl.) .......................................................................................................................................... 24A 

Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.) .............................................................................................................................................. 24A 

Mongongo, fruit (Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz) Radcl.-Sm) ...................................................................................................... 24A 

Monkey-bread-tree (Adansonia digitata L.) ........................................................................................................................................ 24C 

Monstera (Monstera deliciosa Liebm.) ............................................................................................................................................... 24E 

Nicobar-breadfruit (Pandanus leram Jones ex Fontana) ................................................................................................................... 24C 

Paho (Mangifera altissima Blanco) ..................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Pandanus (Pandanus utilis Bory) ....................................................................................................................................................... 24C 

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) ................................................................................................................................................................. 24B 

Passionflower, winged-stem (Passiflora alata Curtis) ........................................................................................................................ 24E 

Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) .................................................................................................................................................. 24E 

Passionfruit, banana (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jorg.) .............................................................. 24E 

Passionfruit, purple (Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis) ................................................................................................................. 24E 

Passionfruit, yellow (Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O. Deg.) ............................................................................................. 24E 

Pawpaw, common (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal) .................................................................................................................................. 24B 

Pawpaw, small-flower (Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dunal) ................................................................................................................ 24A 

Pelipisan (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) ............................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess) .............................................................................................................................................. 24B 

Pequia (Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.) ........................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Persimmon (American (Diospyros virginiana L.) ................................................................................................................................ 24B 

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) ............................................................................................................................................. 24C 

Pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F. A. C. Weber) Britton & Rose) .................................................................................................. 24D 

Pitaya (Hylocereus sp. Including H. megalanthus (H. ocamponis and H. polychizus) ...................................................................... 24D 

Pitaya, amarilla (Hylocereus triangularis Britton & Rose) .................................................................................................................. 24D 

Pitaya, roja (Hylocereus ocamponis (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose) .................................................................................................... 24D 

Pitaya, yellow (Hylocereus megalanthus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf Bauer) .................................................................................. 24D 

Plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) ........................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) ................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Poshte (Annona liebmanniana Baill.) ................................................................................................................................................. 24B 

Prickly pear, fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) ............................................................................................................................... 24D 

Prickly pear, Texas, fruit (Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkav) ............ 24D 

Pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.) ........................................................................................................................ 24C 

Quandong (Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) DC.) ............................................................................................................................... 24B 

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) ................................................................................................................................................ 24C 

Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose) .................................................................................................................. 24D 

Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) ....................................................................................................................................... 24C 

Sapote, black (Diospyros digyna Jacq.) ............................................................................................................................................. 24B 

Sapote, green (Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist) ............................................................................................................................. 24B 

Sapote, mamey (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn) ....................................................................................................... 24C 

Sapote, white (Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex) .............................................................................................................................. 24B 

Sataw (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) ......................................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Satinleaf (Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.) .............................................................................................................................................. 24A 

Screw-pine (Pandanus tectorius Parkinson) ...................................................................................................................................... 24B 

Sierra Leone-tamarind (Dialium guineense Willd.) ............................................................................................................................. 24A 

Soncoya (Annona purpurea Moc. & Sesse ́ ex Dunal) ....................................................................................................................... 24C 

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) ............................................................................................................................................................ 24C 

Spanish lime (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.) ......................................................................................................................................... 24A 

Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) ................................................................................................................................................ 24B 

Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) ................................................................................................................................................... 24C 

Sun sapote (Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch) ................................................................................................................................. 24C 

Tamarind-of-the-Indies (Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel.) .................................................................................................. 24B 

Velvet tamarind (Dialium indum L.) .................................................................................................................................................... 24A 

Wampi (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels) ......................................................................................................................................... 24A 

White star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don) ............................................................................................................................ 24A 

Wild loquat (Uapaca kirkiana Mu ̈ll. Arg.) ............................................................................................................................................ 24B 

Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities ......................................................................................................................

mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS

68172 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 220 / Friday, November 14, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

(iii) Table. The following Table 2 

identifies the crop subgroups for Crop 

Group 24, specifies the representative 

commodities for each subgroup, and 

lists all the commodities included in 

each subgroup. 

TABLE 2—CROP GROUP 24: SUBGROUP LISTING

Representative 

commodities Commodities 

Crop Subgroup 24A. Small fruit, inedible peel subgroup 

Lychee ...................... Aisen; bael fruit; Burmese grape; cat’s eyes; inga ́; lychee; madras-thorn; manduro; matisia; mesquite; mongongo, fruit; 

pawpaw, small-flower; satinleaf; Sierra Leone-tamarind; Spanish lime; velvet tamarind; wampi; white star apple; 

cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities. 

Crop Subgroup 24B. Medium to large fruit, smooth, inedible peel subgroup 

Avocado, plus pomegranate or banana.Abiu; akee apple; avocado; avocado, Guatemalan; avocado, Mexican; avocado, West Indian; bacury; banana; banana, 

dwarf; binjai; canistel; cupuacu ́; etambe; jatoba ́; kei apple; langstat; lanjut; lucuma; mabolo; mango; mango, horse; 

mango, Saipan; mangosteen; paho; papaya; pawpaw, common; pelipisan; pequi; pequia; persimmon, American; plantain; pomegranate; poshte; quandong; sapote, black; sapote, green; sapote, white; sataw; screw-pine; star apple; tamarind-of-the-Indies; wild loquat; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities. 

Crop Subgroup 24C. Medium to large fruit, rough or hairy, inedible peel subgroup 

Pineapple, plus 

Atemoya or sugar 

apple.

Atemoya; biriba; breadfruit; champedak; cherimoya; custard apple; durian; elephant-apple; ilama; jackfruit; karuka; 

longan; mammy-apple; marmalade-box; marang; monkey-bread tree; nicobar-breadfruit; pandanus; pineapple; pulasan; 

rambutan; sapodilla; sapote, mamey; soncoya; soursop; sugar apple; sun sapote; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of 

these commodities. 

Crop Subgroup 24D. Cactus, inedible peel subgroup 

Dragon fruit and 

Prickly pear fruit.

Dragon fruit; pitahaya; pitaya; pitaya amarilla; pitaya roja; pitaya, yellow; prickly pear, fruit; prickly pear, Texas, fruit; 

saguaro; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities. 

Crop Subgroup 24E. Vine, inedible peel subgroup 

Passionfruit ............... Granadilla; granadilla, giant; monstera; passionflower, winged-stem; passionfruit; passionfruit, banana; passionfruit, purple; passionfruit, yellow; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities. 

[FR Doc. 2014–26661 Filed 11–13–14; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS 

COMMISSION 

47 CFR Parts 1 and 27 

[RM–11395, GN Docket No. 12–268, WT 

Docket Nos. 14–170, 05–211; FCC 14–146] 

Updating Competitive Bidding Rules; 

Expanding the Economic and 

Innovation Opportunities of Spectrum 

Through Incentive Auctions; 

Implementation of the Commercial 

Spectrum Enhancement Act 

AGENCY: Federal Communications 

Commission. 

ACTION: Proposed rule. 

SUMMARY: This Notice of Proposed 

Rulemaking (NPRM) seeks comment on 

the revision of certain competitive 

bidding rules and provides notice of the 

Commission’s intention to resolve 

longstanding petitions for 

reconsideration. 

DATES: Comments are due on or before 

December 29, 2014 and reply comments 

are due on or before January 20, 2015. 

ADDRESSES: All filings in response to the 

NPRM must refer to GN Docket No. 12– 

268 and WT Docket Nos. 14–170 and 

05–211. The Commission strongly 

encourages parties to develop responses 

to the NPRM that adhere to the 

organization and structure of the NPRM. 

Comments may be filed using the 

Commission’s Electronic Comment 

Filing System (ECFS): 

D Electronic Filers: Comments may be 

filed electronically using the Internet by 

accessing ECFS: http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/

ecfs2. 

D Paper Filers: Parties who choose to 

file by paper must file an original and 

one copy of each filing. If more than one 

docket or rulemaking number appears in 

the caption of this proceeding, filers 

must submit two additional copies for 

each additional docket or rulemaking 

number. 

Filings can be sent by hand or 

messenger delivery, by commercial 

overnight courier, or by first-class or 

overnight U.S. Postal Service mail. All 

filings must be addressed to the 

Commission’s Secretary, Office of the 

Secretary, Federal Communications 

Commission. 

All hand-delivered or messengerdelivered paper filings for the 

Commission’s Secretary must be 

delivered to FCC Headquarters at 445 

12th Street SW., Room TW–A325, 

Washington, DC 20554. The filing hours 

are 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. All hand 

deliveries must be held together with 

rubber bands or fasteners. Any 

envelopes and boxes must be disposed 

of before entering the building. 

Commercial overnight mail (other 

than U.S. Postal Service Express Mail 

and Priority Mail) must be sent to 9300 

East Hampton Drive, Capitol Heights, 

MD 20743. 

U.S. Postal Service first-class, 

Express, and Priority mail must be 

addressed to 445 12th Street SW., 

Washington, DC 20554. 

People with Disabilities: To request 

materials in accessible formats for 

people with disabilities (braille, large 

print, electronic files, or audio format), 

send an email to fcc504@fcc.gov or call 

the Consumer & Governmental Affairs 

Bureau at 202–418–0530 (voice), 202– 

418–0432 (TTY). 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, 

Auctions and Spectrum Access 

Division: Kathryn Hinton at (202) 418– 

0660. 

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