Registry No. 1 25-03 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

PRINTER'S ROLLERS INDUSTRY 

u. 

AS APPROVED ON NOVEMBER 8,1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

WE DO OUR PAR'~:' 

1. Executive Order 

2. Letter of Transmittal 

3. Code 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1933 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - - Price 5 centa 

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This publication is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government 

J>rinting Office, Washington, D.O., and by district offices of the Bureau of Foreign 

bd Domestic Commerce. 

DISTRICT OFFICES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

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Birmingham, Ala. : 257 Federal Building. 

Boston, Mass. : 1801 Customhouse. 

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Chicago, Ill.: Suite 1706, 201 North Wells Street. 

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Detroit, Mich.: 2213 First National Bank Building. 

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I nd!. anapolis, Ind.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

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1\Iinneapolis, Minn.: 213 F ederal Building. 

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San Francisco, Calif. : 310 Customhouse. 

Seattle, Wash.: 809 Federal Building. 

(II) 
EXECUTIVE ORDER 

ConE oF FAIR Co IPETITION FOR THE PRINTER's RoLLERS INDUS'I'RY 

An application having been duly made, pur uant to and in full 

compliance with the provisions of title I of the National Industrial 

Reco"Very Act, approved June 16, 1933, for my approval of a Code of 

Fair Competition for The Printers' Rollers Industry, and hearings 

having been held thereon and the Administrator having rendered his 

report containing an analysis of the said code of fair competition together with his recomn1endations and findings with respect thereto, 

and the Administrator having found that the said code of fair competition complies in all respects with the pertinent provisions of title 

I of said act and that the requirements of clauses (1) and (2) of 

subsection (a) of section 3 of the said act have been met: 

NOW, THEREFORE, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the 

United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by title I of 

the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933 and 

otherwise, do adopt and approve the report and recommendations, 

and findings of the Administrator and do order that the said coda 

of fair competition be an it is hereby approved. 

THE WHITE HousE, 

N overr1.,ber 8, 1933. 

Approval recommended : 

H "C'GH s. JOHNSON' 

Administrator. 

19806°----188-187----33 

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. 

(ill) 
NOVEMBER 2, 1933. 

THE PRESIDENT, 

The White House. 

Sm: This is a report on the Code of Fair Competition for the 

Printer's Roller Industry in the United States, the hearing on which 

was conducted in vVashington on October 3, 1933, in accordance with 

the provisions of the National Industrial Recovery Act. 

PROVISIONS ON HOURS AND WAGES -

Under this code hours of work are limited to forty per week, except 

for executives and supervisors engaged in managerial work at rates 

above $35.00 per week, outside salesmen, watchmen, servicemen, and 

members of emergency maintenance and repair crews. However, watchmen are not to work more than fifty-six hours per week, nor 

more than six days out of even, and service, emergency maintenance, 

and repair men are to be paid at the rate of time and one half for 

all hours above forty per week or eight in any one day. 

Work of highly skilled specialists shall not exceed forty-eight 

hours per week for not more than twelve weeks of any six months' 

period, time and one half beinS' paid for all hours in excess of forty 

per week or eight per day. Clerical and office forces are limited to 

forty hours per week. 

The minimum wage both for male and female workers in this industry has been et at 45 cents per hour, except for learners (limited 

in number to not over 5 percent of the personnel) who during their 

first six months shall receive not less than 80 percent of this amount, 

and office or clerical workers, whose minimum shall be $15.00 per 

week. Equitable adjustments shall be made in the higher wage 

scales. 

CHILD LABOR 

The minimum age for employment is set by this Code at sixteen 

years, except where hazards exi t, in which case the minimum age is 

eighteen years. 

. ECONOMIC EFl1l:CT OF THE CODE 

The prevailing hours of labor of a large proportion of the workers 

in this industry have been from 50 to 60 hours per week, and the 

scale of hours pre cribed in this Cole is estimated to affect approximat~ly a 20 percent increase in number of men. 

This industry, which is closely related to the Printing Eqiup1nent 

Indu try, i eno·aged in the manufacture and ale of inking rolls, 

wheel , and pads commonly u ed in printing, lithographing, and offset presse : The industry supplies both the new equipm nt and the 

replacement market-the first represent d by the press builder , and 

(IV) 
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the sec nd by press u rs. It consists of 9"' p r ent highly ..;killed 

labor. 

Ab ut s venty om anie ar eno-ag d in the indu try, the average 

number of mploy es b ino- nly 10 per establishm nt. De pite the 

fact that the value of output of th se plants has a creased from 

$10,000,000 in 1929 to $-,500 000, the level of mploym nt has been 

maintain d thr ughout the depression. 

FINDINGS 

The Administrator finds that: 

(a) The o 1 as rc ommend d complies in all respe ts with the 

pertin nt provisions of title I of the act, including, without limitation, subsection (a) of section 7 and subsection (b) of section 10 

thereof; and that 

(b) The applicant group imposes no inequitable restrictions on 

admission to membership therein and is truly representative of the 

Printer' Roller Industry; and that 

(c) The code as recommended is not designed to promote monopolies or to eliminate or oppress small enterprises and will n<?t operate 

to discriminate against them, and will tend to effectuate the policy 

of title I of the National Recovery Act. 

It is recommended, therefore, that this code be approved. 

Respectfully, 

Huon S. JoHNSON, 

Administrator!__ 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE PRINTER'S 

ROLLER INDUSTRY 

ARTI LE I-PURPOSES 

To effectuate the polic · es of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, the following provisions are submitted as a Code o:f 

Fair Competition for the Printer's Roller Industry, and upon approval of the President, shall be the standard of fair competition 

for this Industry. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITION OF TERMS 

"Industry" as used herein includes all manufacturers engaged 

in the production and sale of rollers made of any material whatsoever for use on printing, lithographing, and off et presses, and all 

wheels, pads, and rollers made for and u eel on transferring processes, exce.pting such rollers as 1nay be included under the Code or 

Codes of Fair Competition for the Rubber Manufacturing Industry; 

Print Roller and Print Block Manufacturing Industry; and any 

code that may be approved which includes engr aved copper rollers 

for textile prmting. 

" Employee " as used herein includes any person engaged in any 

phase of the industry in any capacity in the nature of employee 

nre pective of the method of payment of his compensation. 

"Employer" as used herein includes anyone for whose benefit such 

employee is so engaged. 

"Member of the industry" as used herein includes any producer, 

manufacturer, or employer who shall be subject to this Code. 

" Learner " as used herein shall mean a person having no previous 

experience in the manufacture of printer rollers and whose employment as such, whether by one or more employers, shall not exceed six 

months. 

"President", "Act", and "Administrator" as used herein shall 

mean, respectively, the President of the United States, the National 

Industrial Recovery Act, and the Administrator oLf Title I of sa1d 

Act. 

"Effective date" as u eel herein is defined to be ten days after the 

approval of this Code by the President. 

ARTICLE III-HoURs 

1. No employee shall be permitted to work more than forty hours 

per week except : 

(a) Execut1 es and super isors engaged in a strictly managerial 

capacity and receiving more than $35.00 per week, outside salesmen, 

(1) 
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watchmen, servicemen, and emergency maintenanc~ or repair crews; 

provided, however, tha t servicemen and emergency maintenance or 

repair crews shall be pa.id at the rate of time and one half for all 

hours in excess of forty hours in any one week, or eight hours in any 

one day; provided, that watchmen may work not more than 56 hours 

a week and 6 d:\ys in any seven-day period. 

(b) Highly skilled speci~r sts may work not to exceed forty-eight 

hours per week in not more than twelve weeks of any six months' 

period. Such employe~s shall be paid at the rate of time and one 

half for a,ll hours in excess of forty hours in any one week or 8 

hours in any one day. 

(c) Clerical and office force shall not be permitted to work more 

than forty hours in any one week. 

2. No employee shall be permitted to work for a total number of 

hours in excess of the number of hours prescribed for each week, 

whether employed by one or more employers ; provided, however, 

that if any employee works for more than one employer for an aggregate period in excess of such maximum without the connivance 

of any one of such employers, such employer or employers shall not 

be held to have violated this paragraph. 

ARTicLE rv-vv AGEs 

1. On and after the effective date the minimum wage of any employee in the industry shall be 45 cents per hour, except: 

(a) Learners during a six months' period, and superannuated 

and disa.bled employeer., when employed, shall be paid not less than 

80% of the minimum wage and shall be limited in number in any 

factory to 5% of the total number of employees in that factory. 

(b) Office or clerical employees, who shall be paid at not less than 

the n.te of $15.00 per week. 

(c) No employee in th6 classe~ mentioned in paragraph 1, subpar:tgraph (c) of Article III, now receiving compensation at a rate 

in excess of the minimum provided for in paragraph (b) of this 

Article IV shall have his compensation reduced on account of any 

requirements of paragraph 1, subparagraph (c) of Article III. 

Wag·e rates of other employees r eceiving more than the minimum 

herein prescribed shall be equitably adjusted, but in no case shall they 

be decreased. 2. Where employees' earnings on piecework, divided by the number 

of hours worked, produces a result under the minimum wage tipulated in paragraph 1 of this Article', such earnings shall be so adjusted 

as to conforu1 with the aforesaid minimum wage. 

3. No distinction in rate~ shall be made between male and female 

employees where the same class of work is performed, regardless of 

whether compensation is based on a monthly, piecework, or other 

basis. 

4. There shall be no evasion of this Code by any emr loyer in this 

industry by reclassification of the functions of employees or workers. 

An employee or worker shall not be included in one of the clas 1fications exempted from the provisions of this Code unless the identical 

:functions being performed by him were identically classified on June 

16, 1933. 
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l5. Posting.-A copy of this ole shall be posted in every factory 

operated by members of the Indu tr . 

ARTI LE V-CHILD LABOR 

On and after the effective date, employers shall not employ any 

person under the age of sixteen years of age, or under eighteen yeartJ 

of age if engaged in hazar ous occupa ion, in the Printers' Roller 

Industry. 

ARTI LEVI-ADMINISTRATION 

1. To further effectuate the policy of the Act, a Code Authority 

consi ting of seven members elected by the industry by a fair methoa 

of selection, approved by the Administrator, together with one or 

more nonvoting members to be selected by the President for such 

terms as he may specify, is set up to cooperate with the Administra· 

tor as a Planning and Fair Practice Agency for this industry; one 

member of which shall be elected by the industry to act as Chairman 

of the Code Authority. 2. Such Code Authority may from time to tune present to the Administrator recommendations based on the conditions in the industry 

as they may dev-elop from time to time, which will tend to effectuate 

the operation of the provision of this Code and the policies of the 

Act. · 

3. Such Code Authority is al o set up to cooperate with the Admin. 

i trator in making inYestigations as to the functioning and obserYance of any provision of this Code, subject to the right of the 

Admini trator, on review, to disapprove or modify any action taken 

by he Code Authority. 

4. To provide necessary data for the Administrator, the members 

of the industry hall furnish to the Code Authority such information 

concerning conditions in the industry, including wag , hours of 

labor, number of employees, costs, prices, and other matters perti· 

nent to thi Code as it may from time to time specify or as the 

Administrator may from tnne to time require, but through such 

channels as to eliminate the identification of any indiYiclual manu-

:fac urer's confidential information. 

5. In addition to information required to be ubmitted to the Code 

Authority there hall be furnished to the governmental aaencies uch 

stati tical information as the A lmini trator may deem neces ary for 

the purpo e recited in Section 3 (a) of the Act. 

6. Every member of the indu try accepting the benefits of the ac., 

ti ities of the Code Authority hereunder hall pay to the Code 

Authority his proportionate hare of the amount n cessary to pay 

the o t of a mbling analyzing an l publishino- o:f uch report and 

data and of the maintenance of said Code Authority and of its 

acti itie ; such proportionate hare hall be determined by the Code 

Authority with the approval of the Admini trator. 

ARTICLE VII-TRADE Pn_\ TICES 

1. The giving of secrot r l ate , refund<::;, eli count gift , or any 

con ·ideration what oever, dir 'Ctly or indirectly, either to the pur-
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chaser or represontative o:f the purchaser or others, to induce purchases, is unfair competition. 

2. The material furnishe& or service rendered shall be indicated 

on the invoice, and the issuing of false invoices showing other than 

the actual goods sold and delivered is unfair competition. 

3. The recasting of rollers at less than the full price on unjust 

claims of defective workmanship or material is unfair competition. 

4. The figuring of weights and the classification of rollers in 

any other manner than that standardized by the Code Authority 

and approved by the Administrator, provided for in Article VI, is 

unfair competition: 

5. The selling of rollers on other than the following terms is 

unfair competitiOn. 

(a) 2% cash discount on all invoices paid on or before the 15th 

of the month following date of purchase; net after the 15th of the 

mon.th following date of purchase. All bills not paid within three 

months from date of delivery shall be considered past due and no 

further credit shall be e:A'tended by any manufacturer until payment of past-due account has been made, unless the manufacturer, 

in writing, notifies the Code Authority that further credit is being 

extended and gives the reasons for such extension of credit. 

6. To sell any product or service of this industry below the reasonable cost of such product or service is unfair competition: 

(a ) For this purpose" cost" is defined as the cost of materials plus 

direct labor, plus an adequate amount of overhead and sales expense, 

as determined by cost-accounting methods recognized in the industry, 

and approved by the Code Authority and the Administrator. 

ARTICLE VIII-GENERAL PROVISIONS 

1. All employers in the industry shall comply with the following 

provisions of the Act : 

(a) That employees shall have the right to organize' and bargain 

collectively through representatives of their own choosing and shall 

be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of 

labor or their agents in the designation of such representatives or in 

self -organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose o:f 

collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. 

(b) That no employee and no one seeking employment shall be required as a condition of employment to join any company union or 

to refrain from joining, organizing, or assisting a labor organization 

of his own choosing. · 

(c) That employers shall comply with the maximum hours of 

labor, minimum rates of pay, and other conditions of employment 

approved or prescribed by the President. 

2. This Code and all the provisions thereof are expressly made, 

subject to the ri&ht of the Presidenthin accordance with the provision 

of subsection (b J of Section 10 of t e Act, from time to time to cancel or modify any order, approval, license, rule, or regulation is"'ued 

under Title I of said Act, and specifically but without limitation to 

the right of the President to cancel or modify his approval of this 

Code or any conditions imposed by him upon his approval thereof. 
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8. Within each Stat m mbers of the in lu try shall comply with 

any la ' of su h tate impo ing more tringent requirem nts, regulating th age f emr lo es, wages, hour of work, or health, fire, or 

general w rking con lib ns han under thi Code. 

4. u h f he pr ·i ·ions of thi od as are not required to be 

inclucled th rein b the A t may, with the approval of the President, 

be moclifi cl or climinat d a hangcs in ir um tances or experience 

n ay indicate. It i cont mplated that from time to time supplemcntar. I rovision of thi Code or ad itional Codes will be submitt d for th appro-ral of the Pre ident to prevent unfair competition and oth r unfair destructive competitive practices, and to 

ffectuaJ_e the other purpo es and policies of Title I of the Act 

con i t nt with the provisions hereof. 5. Any act by any member of the indu try constituting unfair 

comp tition a defined in Article VII or such other provi ions as may 

be ·tabli heel fr m time to time by the ode Authority and approved 

bv the Pre ident shall be a violation of this Code. · 6. 'Vhere the co ts of executing contracts entered into in tha 

Printer's Roller Indu try prior to the approval of the Pre ident, of 

this Code, are increased by the application of the provisions of the 

Act to the industry, it i equitable and promotive of the purposes of 

the Act that appropriate adjustments of such contracts to reflect such 

increased costs Jte arrived at with the consent of the buyer by arbitrarial proc e lings or otherwise, and the Code Authority is constituted an agency in effecting such adjustments. 

7. In order that the Code Authority shall at all times be truly 

representative of the industry and in other respects comply with the 

provisions of the Act, the Administrator may provide such hearings 

as he may deem proper; and thereafter if he shall find that the Code 

Authority is not truly representative or does not in other respects 

com:ply with the provisions of the Act, may require an aJ?propriate 

modification in the method of selection of the Code Authonty. 

8. No provision of this Code shall be so a:pplied as to permit 

monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppress, or 

discriminate against small enterprises. 

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UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 

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