Approved Code No. 319 Registry No. 1325-05 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

NEWSPAPER 

PRINTING PRESS INDUSTRY 

AS APPROVED ON MARCH 5, 1934 

WE DO OUR PART 

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U.S. DEPO,;,TOriY 

UNITED STA TES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON: 1934 

\ 

I I 

For sale by the S uperi n te:idcnt of Documents, \.Vashington, D .C. - • - - - - - - Price 5 cents 
This publication is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government 

Printing Office, Washington, D.C., an 1 by district offices of the Bureau of 

Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 

DISTRICT OFFICES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Atlanta, Ga.: 504 Po t Office Building. 

Birmingham, Ala. : 257 Federal Building. 

Boston, Mass. : 1801 Customhouse. Buffalo, N.Y.: hamber of ommerce Building. 

Charleston, _S.C. : hmuber of ' mmerce Building. 

Chicago, Ill.: Suite 1706, 201 rorth Wells treet. 

Cleveland, Ohio: Chamber of Commerce. 

Dallas, Tex.: Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Detroit Mich.: 801 First National Bank Building. 

Houston, Tex. : hamber of ommerce Building. 

Indianapolis, Incl. : hamber of Commerce Building. Jacksonville, Fla.: hamber of Commerce Building. 

Kansas City, l\Io.: 1028 Baltimore Avenue. Los Angele , Calif. : 1163 South Broad~rny. 

Louisville, Ky.: 408 F ederal Building. 

Memphis, Tenn. : 229 Federal BuUding. 

Minneapolis, Minn.: 21,.., Federal Building. 

New Orlean , La.: Room 225-A, Customhouse. 

New York, N.Y.: 734 ustomhouse. 

Norfolk, V{l.: 406 Ea t Plume Street. 

Philadelphia, Pa.: 4~2 Commer ·ia.l Tru~t Building. 

Pittsburgh, Pa.: Chamber of Commerce Duiltlin6. Portland, Oreg. : 215 New Po t Office Building. 

St. Louis, :M:o.: 506 Olive Street. 

San Francisco, Calif. : 310 Cu~ tom house. 

Sea ttle, Wa~h.: 809 Federal Office Building. 
Approved Code No. 319 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

NEWSPAPER PRINTING PRESS INDUSTRY 

As Approved 01:1 March 5, 1934 

ORDER 

APPROVING CODE OF F AIR COMPETITION FOR NEWSPAPER PRINTING 

PRESS INDUSTRY 

An application having been duly made pursuant to and in full 

compliance with the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, for approval of a Code of 

Fair Competition for the Newspaper Printing Press Industry, and 

hearings having been duly held thereon and the annexed report 

on said Code, containing findings with respect thereto, having been 

made and directed to the President : 

NOW, THEREFORE, on behalf of the President of the United 

States, I, Hugh S. Johnson, Administrator for Industrial Recovery, 

pursuant to authority vested in me by Executive Orders of the 

President, including Executive Order No. 6543-A, dated December 

30, 1933, and otherwise; do hereby incorporate by reference said 

annexed r eport and do find that said Code complies in all respects 

with the pertinent provisions and will promote the policy and purposes of said Title of said Act; and do hereby order that said Code 

of Fair Competition be and it is hereby approved, on condition that 

in the second sentence of Section 3, Article III, the words and figures, 

"forty-eight ( 48) hours per week," be eliminated and the words 

and figures, "forty-five ( 45) hours per week," be inserted. 

HUGH s. JOHNSON' 

Administrator f01· Industrial R ecovery. 

Approval rec01nmended: 

w. A. HARRIMAN' 

Division Administrator. 

MARCH 5, 1934. 

44412°--425-31-34 (473) 
REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT 

The PRESIDENT, 

Tli e White Hou·e. 

Sm: This is a report on the Code of Fair Competition for the 

~ ewspape1:· Printing Pre s Industry .2.- as reYise 1 after a Public I-Iea_r1ng held 1n ,va lungton on the 2fth day of December, 1933, m 

accordance with the provi ions of the National Indn trial Recovery 

Act. 

PROYISIO.i. S A TO HO RS AND W .AGES 

Employment i limited to 8 hours per day and 40 hours per w ek 

with the exception of those employee engaged in emergency maintenance and/or repair work or on emergencies occasioned by the 

neces ity for serYices of pe ially killed employees who cannot be 

replaced. To provide for seasonal lemand. overtime i allowed to 

the extent of 8 hour per week for 6 weeks in any 26-,Yeek period. 

Overtime in exces of 8 hour in any 24-hour perio 1 or in exces 

of 40 hour in any 7-cla3 period will be paid f r at one and one-half 

times the normal rate. 

Minimum wages of 40 cents per hour f r male.' ancl females are 

establi heel. 

Clerical employee hall not be paid les than at th rate of , 15.00 

per week. 

ECONOMIC EFFECT OF THE ODE 

In June, 1933 this Indu try which compri e five companies, 

employed 1,185 p r ons. Since adoption f the 40-hour week a provided in thi Code, employment has in rea ed to 1,635 per on·, or 

an increa e of 35% . 

The inve ted car ital of the Indu try is about $20 000,000 and the 

average annual value of it products for the pat five y ar was 

approximately $10,000,000. 

FINDINGS 

The Deputy Admini trator in his final report to me on aid Code 

having found as herein et forth and on the ba ·is of all the proceedings in this matter: 

I find that: 

(a) Said Code is well designed to promote the policies and purpo es of Title I of the ational Industrial Recovery Act, including 

removal of obstructions to the free flow of inter tate and foreign 

commerce which tend to diminish the amount thereof and will provide for the general welfare by promoting the organization of indu try for the purpose of cooperative action among the trade 

group , by inducing and maintaining united action of labor and 

(474) 
475 

management under adequate governmental sanctions and supervision, by eliminating unfair competitive practices, by promoting the 

fullest possible utilization of the present productive capacity of industries, by avoiding undue restrictions of production ( except as 

may be temporarily required), by increasing the consumption of 

industrial and agricultural products through increasing purchasing 

power, by reducing and relieving unemployment, by improving 

standards of labor, and by otherwise rehabilitating indnstry. 

(b) Said Industry normally employs not more than 50,000 employees; and is not classified by me as a major industry. · (c) The Code as approved complies in all respects with the pertinent provisions of said Title of said Act, including without limitation Subsection (a) of Section 3, Subsection (a) of Section 7, and 

Subsection (b) of Section 10 thereof; and that the applicant group 

is an industrial association truly representative of the aforesaid 

Industry; and that said association imposes no inequitable restrictions 

on admission to membership therein. 

(cl) The Code is not designed to and will not permit monopolies 

or monopolistic practices. 

( e) The Code is not designed to and wi11 not eliminate or oppress 

small enterprises and will not operate to discriminate against them. 

(f) Those engaged in other steps of the economic process have 

not been deprived of the right to be heard prior to approval of said 

Code. 

For these reasons, therefore, this Code has been approved by me, 

on condition that in the second sentence of Section 3, Article III, 

the words and figures, " forty-eight ( 48) hours per week," be eliminated and the words and figure., "£orty-five ( 45) hours per week," 

be inserted. 

Respectfully, 

MARCH 5, 1934. 

l-luGH S. JoHNSoN, 

Ad1ninistrator. 
CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE NEWSPAPER 

PRINTING PRESS INDUSTRY 

ARTICLE I-PURPOSES 

To effectuate the policies of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, the following provision are established as a Code of 

Fair Competition for the Newspaper Printing Press Industry, and 

shall be the standards of fair competition for such Industry and 

shall be binding upon every member thereof. 

ARTICLE II-DEFINITIONS 

The term " N ews1 aper Printing Pres In lu try " as u ·eel herein 

include the manu-fa ture and ale by th manufacturer of Roll-fed 

Web-perfecting Printing Pre e , printino- from either curved stereotype plates or flat -form , generally in u for the normally black 

sections of New papers. 

The term "employee a n~ecl herein include anyone engaged in 

the Industry in any capa-city receivin<Y cornpen ·ation for his services, irrespective of the nature or m thocl of payment of such 

compensation. 

The term "employer' a u l herein include anyone by whom 

any uch employee i compensated or employed. 

The term "member of the Inclu~tr3 " include anyo11e engaged in 

the Industry as abm·e define l, either a an employer or on his own 

behalf. 

The term , "Pre ·iclent," "Act," and 'A lmini trator a used 

herein hall mean respectively the Pre ·ident of the United States, 

Title I of the National Indu trial Recovery Act, and the Administrator for Indu trial Recovery. 

The term "metropolitan district '' a. u eel herein ·hall mean any 

location in, or within a ra lius of fifty mile of, a city of 100,000 population or more. The term "non-metropolitan district," hall mean 

all territory other than defined a metropolitan. 

Population for the purposes of this Code shall be determined by 

reference to the 1930 Federal Cen u . 

The term "A socia tion," as u eel · her in, means the New paper 

Printing Press Builder ' A ...:ociation. 

ARTICLE III-Hm:: RS 

1. No employee hall be permitted to work in exce~s of forty ( 40) 

hours in any one (1) week or eight (8) hours in any twenty-four 

(24) hour period, except as hereinafter provided. 

2. The provision limiting hours of work shall not apply to traveling sale men; or to technical engineer or persons employed in a 

(476) 
477 

managerial or executive capacity who earn not less than thirty-five 

($35.00) dollars per week. 

3. Watchmen may be permitted to work not in excess of fifty-six 

( 56) hours per week. Firemen may be permitted to work not in 

excess of forty-eight (48) hours per week. 1 

4. The maximum hours set in Section 1 of this Article shall not 

apply to field service men who may be permitted to work whatever 

hours may be considered necessary to avoid interruption in operation 

of newly-installed or moved machinery in new pape~ plants. In all 

such cases, however, at least one and one-half (11/2 ) time the regular 

rate shall be paid for hours worked in exce s of eight (8) hours in 

any twenty-four (24) hour period or forty ( 40) hours in any seven 

(7) day period. 

5. To facilitate the working of two (2) or more regular crew 

shifts in any plant, a transfer of an employee from one regular 

shift to another regular shift within the same twenty-four (24) 

hour period may be made- without incurring payment of penalty 

overtime rates for hours worked in excess of eight (8) hours in any 

twenty-four hour period, provided that any such transfer must be 

for a period of not less than one (1) week's duration, and further 

provided that in all such cases the total regular time hours worked 

by such employee for any one ( 1) week shall not exceed forty ( 40) 

hours. 

6. Certain trades in the Newspaper Printing Press Industry have 

a limited number of available qualified workmen. At times conditions arise due to lack of such.labor or machine capacity, or due to 

accidents, spoilage or unforeseen delay, which make it necessary 

(in order to keep employed, or to increase the number of, workers 

in other departments) to have these specially qualified men work in 

excess of the hours prescribed in Section 1 of this Article. In such 

cases, when no such specially qualified person can be hired in the 

available time, it shall be permissible to work the additional time required to balance the production schedule and/or to avoid laying off 

other workers. In any such special case at least one and one-half 

( 11/2 ) times the normal rate shall be paid for hours worked in excess 

of the maximum hours provided in Section 1 of this Article. 

7. The maximum hours set in Section 1 of this Article shall not 

apply to any employee on emergency maintenance or emergency 

repair work involving breakdowns or protection of life or property, 

but in any such special case, at least one and one-half (11⁄2) times his 

regular rate shall be paid for hours worked on such work in excess 

of the hours fixed in Section 1 of this Article. 

8. The maximum hours fixed in Section 1 of this Article shall 

not apply during any six (6) weeks in any twenty-six (26) weeks' 

period, during which time overtime shall not exceed eight (8) hours 

in any one (1) week; provided that in any such special case at least 

one and one-half (l1⁄2) times the regular rate shall be paid for hours 

worked in excess of eight (8) hours in any twenty-four (24) hour 

period or forty (40) hours in any seven (7) day period. 

9. No employer shall knowingly permit any employee to work 

for any time which, when totaled with that already performed for 

1 See paragraph 2 of order approving this Cocle. 
478 

another employer or employers, exceeds the maximum perm.ited 

herein. 

ARTICLE IV-W .AGES 

1. (a) No employee except a · hereinafter provided, shall be paid 

le than at the rate of forty ( 40) cents per hour. 

(b) No clerical or office employee shall be paid le than at 

the rate of fifteen ($15.00) dollars per week; provided, however, 

that office boys, office girls, and mes engers may be paid not less 

than eighty (80 % ) percent of the fifteen ($15.00) dollar rate herein 

fixed; but the total number of ·uch office boys office girls and messenger so paid h all not exceed five ( 5) percent of the total nmnber 

of office and clerical employees of any one employer but in any case 

such employer hall be entitle l to employ at lea t two (2) such 

employees. 

2. Thi Article establi ·hes minimum rates of pay, regardle · of 

whether an employee i · compen atecl on a time-rate, piece-work, or 

other ba is. 

3. There shall be an equit abl adjustment of all wage rate above 

the minimum unle s this has already been done, but in no ca e shall 

the wages aboYe minimum be decrea ed as a re ult of this adju tment. 

The action t aken by each member hall be reported to the Code 

Authority within thirty (30) clay after the e:ffe tive date and to 

the Administrator on reque t. 

4. A person who e earning capacity is limited becau ·e of age or 

phy;,ical or mental handicap may be employed on appropriate work 

at a wage below the minimum e tablishecl by thi Code if the ern.-

ployer obtain from the tate Authority designated by the United 

States Department of Labor a certifi cate authorizing hi employment 

at uch wages and for uch hour a hall be tated in the certificate. 

Each employer shall file with the ode Authority a list of all such 

per on employed by him. 

5. Nothing in thi Article IV shall apply to, or affe t any employee 

apprentice l to any employer by an indenture made in pursuance of 

the law of any State of the United States, or by a written contract 

under any apprentice sy tem established and maintained by any 

employer, but all existing an 1 future apprentice contracts hall be 

filed with the Code Authority. The term ' apprentice" means an 

employee usually a minor, who agrees to serve an employer for a 

certain tated period of time at predetermined wage. f r the period 

in order to learn the trade. 

G. The term "apprentice" applies to tho e employees who are 

regularly indentured in the Indu try for a sufficient period ~£ time 

t o be ·y tematically advanced· through the various operations in any 

of the eYeral trade or occupations. No employer shall employ 

apprentices in a number to exceed the ratio of one (1) apprentice to 

every ten (10) journe3 man workers employed by him in the particular trade or oc upation at the time of the employment of such apprentices. In ca e of reduction in force a ratio of not more than one (1) 

ar prentice for every fi ve (5) journeymen worker· employed by such 

employer may b maintained, but no new apprentices shall be 

employed until the ratio of one (1) apprentice to every ten (10) 

journeyma n ·workers is reestablished. 
479 

ARTICLE V-GENERAL LABOR PROVISIONS 

1. No person under sixteen (16) years of age shall be employed in 

the Industry. No person under eighteen (18) years of age shall be 

employed in operations or occupations which are hazardous in nature 

or dangerous to health. The Code Authority shall submit to the 

Administrator for approval within ninety (90) days after the 

approval of this Code a list of such operations or occupations. In 

any State an employer shall be deemed to have complied with this 

provision as to age if he shall have on file a certificate or permit 

duly signed by the Authority in such State empowered to issue 

employment or age certificates or permits showing that the employee 

is of the required age. 

2. Pursuant to Section 7 (a) of the Act it is provided that: 

Employees shall have the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall be 

free from interference, resti:aint, or coercion of employers of labor, 

or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or in 

self-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose of 

collective bargaining or other mutual aid o:i;- protection. 

No employee and no one seeking employment shall be required as 

a condition of employment to join any c0111pany union or to refrain 

from joining, organizing, or assist1ng a labor organ.i.zation of his own 

choosing. 

Employers shall comply with the maximum hours of labor, mini1num rates of pay, and other conditions of employment approved or 

prescribed by the President. 

3. No employer shall reclassify employees or duties of occupations 

performed or engage in any subterfuge for the purpose of ~1efeating 

the purposes or provisions of the Act or of this Code. 

4. Within each State members of the Industry shall comply with 

any laws of such State imposing more stringent requirements regulating the age of employees, wages and hours of work, safety or 

health, fire, insurance, or general working conditions than under 

this Code. 

5. Within ten (10) days after the effective date, each employer 

shall post, and thereafter maintain, in conspicuous places accessible 

to employees full copies of the wages and hours provisions of this 

Code and any amendments or modifications which may later be 

approved. 

6. Labor agreements now in force between members of the Industry and their e1nployees shall be affected only by such provisions 

in this Code as may prescribe higher wages and shorter hours than 

are provided for in such agreements. 

ARTICLE VI- AmvnNISTRATION 

To further effectuate the policies of the Act, a Code Authority 

is hereby constituted to cooperate with the Administrator in the 

Administration of this Code. 

1. Organization and constitution of the Code Authority. 

(a) The Code Authority shall consist of five (5) individual · or 

such additional number .as may from time to time be desired by the 
480 

Association and approved by the Administrator, to be selected by the 

Members of the Association, but no Member 0£ the Association shall 

select more than one (1) Member of the Code Authority. In addition to membership, as provided above, the Administrator may appoint not to exceed three (3) me1nbers without vote and without veto 

to represent him or such groups or interests as the Administrator 

may designate. 

( b) The Association shall: (1) impose no inequitable restrictions 

on membership; and (2) submit to the Administrator true copies of 

its articles of association, by-laws, and any amendments when made 

thereto, together with such other information as to membership, organization, and activities as 1nay be nece sary to effectuate the 

purposes of the Act. 

( c) In order that the Code Authority shall at all times be truly . representative of the Industry and in other respects comply with 

the provisions of the Act, the Admini trator may provide such hearings as he may deem proper; and thereafter if he shall find that the 

Code Authority is not truly representative or does not in other respects comply with the provisions of the Act, may require an appropriate modification . of the method of election of the Code 

Authority. 

2. The Code Authority shall have the following duties and powers 

to the extent permitted by the Act, subject to the right of the Administrator on review to disapprove any action taken by the C0dc 

Authority: 

(a) To insure the execution of the provisions of this Code and 

provide for the compliance of the Industry with the provisions of 

the Act. 

(b) To adopt by-laws and rules and regulations for its procedure 

and for the administration and enforcement of the Code. 

( c) To obtain from members of the Indu try such information 

and reports as are required £or the administration of the Code and 

to provide for submission by members of such information and reports as the Administrator may deem neces ary for the purposes recited in Section 3 (a) of the Act, which information and reports 

shall be submitted by members to such administrative and/ or government agencies as the Administrator may designate; provided that 

nothing in this Code shall relieve any member of the Industry of 

any existing obligations to furnish reports to any government 

agency. No individual reports shall be disclosed to any other member of the Industry or any other party except to such governmental 

agencies as may be directed by the Administrator. 

3'. Members of the Industry shall be entitled to participate in and 

share the benefits of the activities of the Code Authority and to participate in the selection of the members thereof by assenting to and 

complying with the requirements of this Code and sustaining their 

reasonable share of the expenses of its administration. 

4. If the Administrator shall determine that any action of a code 

authority or any agency thereof may be unfair or unjust or contrary 

to the public interest, the Administrator may require that such action be suspended to afford an opportunity for investigation of the 

merits of such action and further consideration by such code authority or agency pending final action which shall not be effective unless 
481 

the Administrator approves or unless he shall fail to disapprove 

after thirty (30) days' notice to him of intention to proceed with 

such action in its original or modified form. 

ARTICLE VII-TRADE PRACTICES 

1. Accournting and Costing.-"'\Vith respect to that portion of his 

product which is within the Indu try, every employer hall use an 

accounting system which conforms to the principles of, and is at 

least as detailed and complete as, the uniform method of accounting, 

and the uniform method of costing, to be formulated or approved by 

the Code Authority and the Administrator with such variations · 

therefrom as may be required by the individual conditions affecting 

any employer or group of employer , and as may be approved by the 

Code Authority and the Administrator. The Code Authority shall, 

with the approval of the Administrator, specify those items of costs 

which shall be included in allowable costs. 

The following practices constitute unfair methods of competition 

for members of the Industry and are prohibite l: 

2. S elling Below Cost.- Selling or exchanging any product of the 

I ndu try at a price, or upon terms and conditions, which will result 

in the purchaser paying for the goods received le than the allowable cost thereof to the eller, determined in accordance with the 

1nethod of costing described in Section 1 of this Article; p·1·ovided, 

however, that where any member of the Industry desires to sell any 

Presses, Units, or Folders, new or used, already on hand, below cost 

he shall ·notify the Code Authority of uch fact together with the 

rea ons therefor, coincident ·with making such propo ·al; and p1·0-

vided, further, that when a member of the Indu try wishes to ell 

below his own allm,able cost to meet the competition of a lower cost 

producer or to meet competition from pro luct · of equivalent design, 

character, or spec1fication manufactured outside of the United 

State,, he shall so report to the Code Authority and shall cite the 

competition which causes him to take this action. 

3. I nchtding De.livery ancl/ 01· I nstallation ,without Proper 

Charge.-Including in any Quotations and in any Sale Contracts, 

for either new or used machinery, partial or complete delivery 

thereof to, and/or partia-1 or complete erection thereof in, purchaser's 

places of business, without stating the price ba...,is of aid new machinery f.o.b. its point of manufacture ( or, in the case of used machinery, its price basis f.o.b. its point of location) and a separately 

stated full charge covering all costs of transportation, handling, 

and/ or erection that are included in said Quotations and Sales 

Contracts. 

4. Trade-in Allowance.-Any trade-in allowance foT used machinery greater than its fair resale value, as cl termined by a method 

to be fonnulated by the Code Authority and approved by the Administrator, less all expenses of removal, reconditioning and m.arketing. 

5. Unit,,sual Service.-Furnishing to any purchaser of the products 

of the Industry or in connection with the ale of such products, any 

unusual service or equipment unless fair compensation therefor is 

paid by the purchaser. · 
482 

6. Machines on Trial.-Placing machines and/or equipment on 

trial or placing or loaning or renting machines and/or equipment 

under optional surrender conditions tantamount to trial; provided 

that it shall not be construed unfair trade practice to in tall newlydeveloped machines or equipment in a customer's plant for the purpose of testing their operation under practical working conditions. 

7. Secret Paym,ents.-Secret payments, commissions or allowances 

to any purchaser or any of his employees, whether in the :form o:f 

money or otherwise, or secretly extending to any purchaser or any 

o:f his employee pecial privileges not extended to all purcha ers 

under like terms and conditions. 

8. Special Discounts.-Payments of any kind in the :form o:f commissions, discount , rebates or allowances on the purchase price o:f 

any new or u ed product o:f the Industry to any newspaper-owned 

purcha ing uppl:) company, consulting engineer , engineering companie , architects, or newspaper group buying a ociations, as an 

inducen1ent to influence their employers, members o:f such a sociations, and/ or principals to purchase or contract to purchase from 

the maker of uch payment, or to refrain :from dealina or contracting 

to deal 11ith competitor . 

9. Advertising with 0i£stom,ers.-The taking o:f adverti ing pace 

in consideration for machinery sold, as such is a practice in the 

nature of a rebate. 

10. Fidure 001nm,it11ients.-Commitments in ales Contracts for 

future sales, or Buyer's options :for future purcha e at fixed price ; 

al o guaranteeing to any purchaser, or offering to any purcha er any 

option to trade in, at any future time any u eel machinery at any 

fixed amount of trade-in allowance. 

ll. I nter/ erence with Contractual Relations.-Maliciously inducing or attempting to induce the breach o:f an exi ting oral or written 

contract bet,-..:een a competitor and hi customer or ource of upply, 

or interfering with or ob tructing the performance o:f any uch 

contractual duties or services. 

12. Th1·eats of Litigation.-The publishing or circularizing of 

threats of suits for infringement o:f patents or trade marks or of any 

other legal proceedings not in good faith, with the tendency or 

effect of harra ing competitors or intimidating their customer . . 

13. Espionage of 001npetitors.-Securing confidential information 

concerning the business of a competitor by a :false or misleading 

statement or r epresentation, by a false impersonation of one in 

authority, by bribery or by any other unfair method. 

14. Defam,at~on.-The de:famation of competitors by falsely imputing to them dishonorable conduct, inability to perform contracts, 

questionable credit standing, or by other false representations or by 

the false disparagement of the grade or quality of their goods. 

15. False Marking 01· Brandling.-The false marking or branding 

of any product of the Industry which has the tendency to mislead 

or deceive customers or prospective customers, whether as to the 

grade, quality, substance, character, nature, origin, size, finish or 

preparation of any product of the Industry, or otherwise. 

16. Misrepresentation or False or Misleading Advertising.-

Making or causing or knowingly permitting to be made or published 

any false, materially inaccurate or deceptive statement by way of 
483 

advertisement or otherwi e, whether concerning the grade, quality, 

quantity, substance, character, nature, origin, size, finish, or preparation of any product of the Industry, or the credit term., values, 

policies, or services of any member of the Industry, or other-wise, 

having the tendency or capacity to mislead or deceiYe cu 'tomers or 

prospective customer-·. 

17. Othe1· Unfair Practices.-N othing in this Code . ·hall limit the 

effect of any adjudication by the courts or holdino- by the Federal 

Trade Commission on complaint, finding, and order, that any practice or method is unfair, providing that such adjudication or holding i · not inconsi tent with any proYi. ion of the Act or of this Code. 

AnTICLE VIII-EFFECTIVE AnEA 

The Trade Practice Provi ions in Article VII of this Cocle concern sales for use within the continental United States alone. 

ARTICLE I X-MODIFICATION 

1. This Code and all the provisions thereof are expressly made 

subject to the right of the President, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of Section 10 of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, from time to time to cancel or modify any order, 

approval, license, rule or regulation issued under Title I of said 

Act and specifically, but without limitation, to the right of the President to cancel or modify his approval of this Code or any conditions 

imposed by him upon his approval thereof. 

2. This Code, except as to provisions required by the Act, may be 

modified on the ba is of experience or changes in circumstances. 

Recommendations as to such modifications may be 1nade by the Code 

Authority and shall become effective as part of this Code upon 

approval thereof by the Administrator after such notice and hear• 

ing as he may specify. 

ARTICLE X-1\!IoNOPOLIES 

No provision of this Code shall be so applied as to permit monopolies or monopolistic practices, or to eliminate, oppress, or discrimi ·nate against small enterprises. 

ARTICLE X I-EFFECTIVE DATE 

This Code shall become effective on the t enth day after its approval 

by the President. 

Appr oved Code No. 319. Registry No. 1325-05. 

0 


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