October 11, 2012

Placer County APCD 239 - 1 Rules and Regulations

RULE 239 GRAPHIC ARTS OPERATIONS

Adopted 11-03-94

(Amended 6-08-95, 2-13-97, 8-14-97, 04-08-04, 10-11-12)

CONTENTS

100 GENERAL

101 PURPOSE

102 APPLICABILITY

103 SEVERABILITY

104 EXEMPTIONS

200 DEFINITIONS

201 ADHESIVE

202 AEROSOL ADHESIVE

203 ALCOHOL

204 APPLICATION EQUIPMENT

205 BLANKET

206 BLANKET REPAIR MATERIAL

207 BLANKET WASHES

208 CLOSED CONTAINER

209 COATING

210 COLD BENDING

211 CONTROL DEVICE

212 CONVERTING OPERATION

213 CURED INK, CURED COATING, OR CURED ADHESIVES

214 DRYING OVEN

215 ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

216 EMBOSSING

217 EXEMPT COMPOUNDS

218 EXTREME PERFORMANCE INK/COATING

219 FLEXIBLE PACKAGING INDUSTRY

220 FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING

221 FOUNTAIN SOLUTION

222 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS

223 GRAPHIC ARTS OPERATIONS

224 GRAVURE PRINTING

225 HEATER or DRYER

226 HEAT BENDING

227 HEATSET INK

228 INK JET

229 INFLATING

230 LAMINATING OPERATIONS

231 LETTERPRESS PRINTING

232 LINE

233 LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING

234 MAINTENANCE CLEANING

235 MATERIAL

236 MECHANICALLY FORMED PRODUCTS

237 METALLIC INK

238 METERING ROLLER

239 NONCOMPLIANT MATERIAL

240 NON-HEATSET INK
October 11, 2012

Rules and Regulations 239 - 2 Placer County APCD

241 NON-POROUS SUBSTRATE

242 OFFSET PRINTING

243 OVERLAY

244 PREPRESS OPERATIONS

245 PRINTING

246 PRINTING INK

247 PROOF PRESS

248 REFRIGERATED CHILLER

249 REMOVABLE PRESS COMPONENT

250 REPAIR CLEANING

251 ROLLER WASH

252 SCREEN PRINTING

253 SIGN INK/COATING

254 SOLVENT CLEANING

255 SPECIALTY FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING

256 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION (SIC)

257 STATIONARY SOURCE

258 STRIPPING

259 SUBSTRATE

260 ULTRAVIOLET INK

261 VACUUM-FORMING

262 VOC COMPOSITE PARTIAL PRESSURE

263 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC)

264 VOC CONTENT

265 WATER SLIDE DECALS

266 WEB

267 WEB-FEED

268 WIPE CLEANING

300 STANDARDS

301 VOC CONTENT LIMITS FOR MATERIALS USED IN GRAPHIC ARTS OPERATIONS

302 EMISSION CONTROL EQUIPMENT

303 CLEANING AND STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

304 PROHIBITION OF SALE

305 SURFACE PREPARATION AND REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SOLVENT CLEANING

400 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS

401 PRODUCT INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SELLERS

402 CALCULATION FOR DETERMINING PERCENT CONTROL EFFICIENCY AND VOC 

MASS EMISSION RATE

403 CALCULATION FOR DETERMINING VOC EMISSIONS FOR STATIONARY SOURCES 

INCLUDING THOSE EXEMPT PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 104.1

500 MONITORING AND RECORDS

501 RECORDKEEPING

502 TEST METHODS
October 11, 2012

Placer County APCD 239 - 3 Rules and Regulations

100 GENERAL

101 PURPOSE: To limit the emissions of volatile organic compounds from graphic arts 

operations.

102 APPLICABILITY: The provisions of this rule apply to all graphic arts operations within 

the District; or any person who supplies, sells, offers to sell, applies, or manufactures, 

within the District, any graphic arts materials.

103 SEVERABILITY: If a court of competent jurisdiction issues an order that any provision 

of this rule is invalid, it is the intent of the Board of Directors of the District that other 

provisions of this rule remain in full force and effect, to the extent allowed by law.

104 EXEMPTIONS:

104.1 General:

The requirements of this rule, with the exception of Sections 303 and 501.1 to 

501.3, shall not apply to any graphic arts operation at a stationary source 

which either:

104.1.1 Has total VOC emissions of less than or equal to 60 pounds per 

calendar month from all graphic arts operations and cleaning materials; 

or

104.1.2 Receives a permit that limits the potential to emit, as calculated 

pursuant to Rule 502, NEW SOURSE REVIEW, to less than or equal 

to 175 pounds of volatile organic compounds per calendar month from 

all graphic arts operations and cleaning materials.

104.2 Stripping of Cured Inks, Coatings, or Adhesives: The requirements of Section

303.1 shall not apply to materials used for the stripping of cured inks, cured 

coatings, or cured adhesives.

104.3 Exemption from Rule 219: The provisions of Rule 219, ORGANIC

SOLVENTS, shall not apply to Graphic Arts Operations as defined in Rule 239, 

Section 223.

104.4 Business and Personal Printers: This rule shall not apply to business and 

personal printers such as ink jets, bubble jets, and laser jets.

104.5 Prepress Operations: This rule shall not apply to prepress operations 

associated with printing plate making including the cleaning or processing of 

film photo processors, color scanners, plate processors, film cleaning, and 

plate photo developers.

104.6 Aerosol Adhesives – Screen Printing: The requirements in Section 301 of this 

rule shall not apply to aerosol adhesives used by screen printing operations 

provided that the aerosol adhesives comply with the VOC limits for aerosol 

adhesives in Rule 235, ADHESIVES.

104.7 Aerosol Adhesives – Graphic Arts Operations: The requirements of this rule 

shall not apply to aerosol adhesives used by graphic arts operations other than 

screen printing provided that the VOC emissions from the facility are less than 

660 pounds per calendar month from all graphic arts operations and provided 
October 11, 2012

Rules and Regulations 239 - 4 Placer County APCD

that the aerosol adhesives comply with the VOC limits for aerosol adhesives in 

Rule 235, ADHESIVES.

104.8 Fountain Solutions: The requirements of Sections 301.2 and 301.4 shall not 

apply to fountain solutions provided that the total VOC emissions from all offset 

lithographic printing operations including related cleaning activities at a 

stationary source prior to controls do not exceed 450 pounds per calendar 

month.

104.9 Blanket Repair Materials: The requirements of this rule shall not apply to 

blanket repair materials used in containers of four ounces or less.

104.10 Heatset Web Offset Lithographic Printing and Heatset Web Letterpress

Printing:

104.10.1 The requirements of Section 302.1 shall not apply to a heatset web 

offset lithographic printing press or a heatset web letterpress 

printing press with potential to emit from the drying oven, prior to 

emissions control equipment, less than 25 tons per year of VOC 

from heatset inks.

104.10.2 The requirements of Section 302.1 shall not apply heatset web 

offset lithographic printing press or a heatset web letterpress 

printing press used for book printing or to a press with maximum 

web width of 22 inches or less.

200 DEFINITIONS

201 ADHESIVE: Any substance that is applied for the purpose bonding two surfaces 

together other than by mechanical means.

202 AEROSOL ADHESIVE: An adhesive packaged as an aerosol product in which the 

spray mechanism is permanently housed in a non-refillable can designed for handheld 

application without the need for ancillary hoses or spray equipment. Aerosol adhesives 

include special purpose spray adhesives, mist spray adhesives, and web spray 

adhesives, as defined in the California Air Resources Board consumer products 

regulation found in Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations, beginning at Section 

94507.

203 ALCOHOL: An organic chemical known as a monohydric alcohol, in which one 

hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to a carbon atom in place of a hydrogen atom. 

Common examples include, and are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl 

alcohol, and pentanol.

204 APPLICATION EQUIPMENT: A device used to apply adhesive, coating, or ink 

materials.

205 BLANKET: Any rubber or synthetic rubber mat used in offset-lithography to transfer or 

"offset" an image from a planographic printing plate to paper or other substrate.

206 BLANKET REPAIR MATERIAL: The material used in offset printing to correct low 

spots in the press blanket.

207 BLANKETWASHES: Cleaning materials used to clean the rubber-surface fabric used 

to transfer the image from the plate to the substrate.
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Placer County APCD 239 - 5 Rules and Regulations

208 CLOSED CONTAINER: A container which has a cover that meets with the main body 

of the container without any visible gaps between the cover and the main body of the 

container.

209 COATING: A layer of material, excluding adhesives, applied across the entire width of 

a substrate. Examples in printing, are an emulsion, varnish or lacquer applied over a 

printed surface, and, in platemaking, the light-sensitive polymer or mixture applied to a 

metal plate.

210 COLD BENDING: A process which subjects the printed color, design, alphabet, 

symbol, or numeral on a printed object to permanent bending through the application of 

force.

211 CONTROL DEVICE: Equipment such as an incinerator or adsorber used to prevent air 

pollutants from reaching the ambient air.

212 CONVERTING OPERATION: Coating, waxing, laminating, extrusion coating and 

printing, for fabrication of base materials. The base materials are then used to produce 

wraps, bags, and other preformed packages.

213 CURED INK, CURED COATING, OR CURED ADHESIVES: An ink, coating, or 

adhesive, which is dry to the touch.

214 DRYING OVEN: An oven used to hasten the process of drying printed or coated 

material.

215 ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT: A product, which consists of a substrate and circuitry, 

created by screen printing a conductive ink on the substrate.

216 EMBOSSING: A process performed after printing to stamp a raised or depressed 

image (artwork or type) into the surface of the paper, using engraved metal embossing 

dies, extreme pressure and heat.

217 EXEMPT COMPOUNDS: For the purposes of this rule, Exempt Compounds are as 

defined in Rule 102, DEFINITIONS.

218 EXTREME PERFORMANCE INK/COATING: An ink or coating, used in screen 

printing on a non-porous substrate that is designed to resist or withstand any of the 

following:

218.1 Five or more years of outdoor exposure;

218.2 Exposure to industrial-grade chemicals, solvents, acids, detergents, oil 

products (including fuels), cosmetics, temperatures exceeding 76o

C (170oF), 

vacuum forming, embossing or molding.

219 FLEXIBLE PACKAGING INDUSTRY: Establishments that convert materials 

consisting of light gauge papers, plastic films, cellulosic films such as cellophane, thin 

gauge metal sheets such as aluminum foil or steel foil, and combinations thereof into a 

variety of product packages.

220 FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING: A printing operation utilizing a flexible rubber or other 

elastomeric plate in which the image area is raised relative to the nonimage area.

221 FOUNTAIN SOLUTION: The solution applied to the image plate to maintain the 

hydrophilic properties of the nonimage areas and to keep the nonimage area free from 
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Rules and Regulations 239 - 6 Placer County APCD

ink. Fountain solution is primarily water, and contains at least one of the following 

materials:

217.1 Etchants such as mineral salts

221.2 Hydrophilic gums

221.3 VOC additives to reduce the surface tension of the solution.

222 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS: Uncollected emissions of VOC from any portion of Graphic 

Arts Operations as defined in Section 223, other than the drying oven.

223 GRAPHIC ARTS OPERATIONS: Any gravure, screen printing, flexographic, 

lithographic, or letterpress printing operation, or any coating or laminating operation 

that manufactures flexible packaging material for the packaging industry. Equipment 

which has both coating and printing units is considered to be performing a graphic arts 

operation. Coating operations, which are performed by a machine having only coating 

units and no printing units, are not graphic arts operations except for flexographic 

printing operations.

224 GRAVURE PRINTING: An intaglio printing operation in which the image area is 

etched below the surface of the printing plate and is transferred directly to the substrate 

when the substrate is pressed against the plate by an impression roller.

225 HEATER or DRYER: A hot air, high velocity system used to dry inks on printed or 

coated substrate.

226 HEAT BENDING: A process, which subjects the printed color, design, alphabet, 

symbol, or numeral on a printed object to permanent bending through the application of 

heat and force.

227 HEATSET INK: A printing ink used on continuous web-feed printing presses that are 

equipped with dryers or ovens. The ink dries or sets by heat induced evaporation of the 

ink oils and subsequent chilling of the ink by chill rolls.

228 INK JET: A digital printing technology in which ink is ejected through printheads onto a 

substrate to create an image.

229 INFLATING: A process of filling a printed object with air or gas which results in the 

swelling of the printed area.

230 LAMINATING OPERATIONS: A process of composing two or more layers of material 

to form a single multiple-layer sheet by using adhesive as the bonding agent.

231 LETTERPRESS PRINTING: A printing operation in which the image area is raised 

relative to the non-image area and the ink is transferred to the paper directly from the 

image surface.

232 LINE: The minimum equipment which is required for the application and/or curing of 

inks and/or coatings on a substrate, including the ink and/or coating applicators and 

heating oven(s) and associated ink and coating mixing equipment.

233 LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING: A printing operation in which the image and non-image 

areas exist in the same plane. The non-image area is treated chemically so that only 

the image areas will be printed onto the substrate. This printing process differs from 
October 11, 2012

Placer County APCD 239 - 7 Rules and Regulations

other printing processes where the image is typically printed from a raised or recessed 

surface.

234 MAINTENANCE CLEANING: A solvent cleaning operation or activity carried out to 

keep tools, machinery, or general work areas in clean and good operational condition.

235 MATERIAL: Any material containing VOC including but not limited to coating, 

adhesive, inks (e.g., printing ink, metallic ink, ultraviolet ink), fountain solutions, 

thinners, reducers, catalysts, colorants, or solvents used in cleaning.

236 MECHANICALLY FORMED PRODUCTS: Screen printed products made of plastic 

substrates, which are subjected to vacuum-forming, embossing, inflating, heat bending, 

or cold bending processes after the screen printing operation.

237 METALLIC INK: An ink that contains greater than 50 grams of metal per liter (0.4 

lb/gal) of ink.

238 METERING ROLLER: A roller to transfer and meter fountain solution to maintain 

hydrophilic properties.

239 NONCOMPLIANT MATERIAL: A material that:

239.1 Exceeds the VOC content limits specified in Section 301, and is not exempt 

pursuant to Section 104, and does not use emission control equipment 

pursuant to Section 302; or

239.2 Exceeds the VOC content limit and/or composite vapor pressure limit, as 

applicable, in Section 303.

240 NON-HEATSET INK: An ink that sets and dries by absorption into the substrates, and 

hardens by ambient air oxidation that may be accelerated by the use of infrared light 

sources. For purposes of this definition ultraviolet and electron-beam curable inks are 

examples of non-heatset inks 

241 NON-POROUS SUBSTRATE: Any substrate whose surface prevents penetration by 

water, including but not limited to foil, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, paper 

or paperboard coated with a non-porous metalized polyester, nylon and polyethylene 

terephthalate (mylar). Clay-coated printing paper as defined by the American Paper 

Institute Classification System, and paperboard coated with clay to prevent water 

penetration shall be considered non-porous substrates.

242 OFFSET PRINTING: A lithographic printing operation in which the image area is 

transferred, or offset, to another surface, and then printed onto the substrate. 

Typically, the ink is offset from a plate to a rubber blanket, and then from the blanket to 

the substrate.

243 OVERLAY: A screen printed product made of polycarbonate, polyester, or clear vinyl 

plastic substrate which activates the circuitry on an electronic circuit underneath it 

when pressed against the electronic circuit. Overlays and electronic circuits are used in 

membrane switches of products such as computer keyboards, calculators, control 

panels, and home appliances.

244 PREPRESS OPERATIONS: Operations associated with printing plate making 

including but not limited to, film photo processors and plate photo processors, color 

scanners, film cleaning, or plate developers.
October 11, 2012

Rules and Regulations 239 - 8 Placer County APCD

245 PRINTING: Any graphic arts operation that imparts color, design, alphabet, or 

numerals on a substrate.

246 PRINTING INK: A pigmented fluid or viscous material used in printing.

247 PROOF PRESS: A press used exclusively to check the quality of print, color 

reproduction, and editorial content.

248 REFRIGERATED CHILLER: A device that continuously maintains and supplies 

fountain solution to a holding tray at a temperature of 55 degrees Fahrenheit or less 

when measured at the supply tank, thereby reducing evaporative emissions of VOCs in 

fountain solution.

249 REMOVABLE PRESS COMPONENT: A part, component, or accessory of a press 

that is physically attached to the press but is disassembled and removed from the 

press prior to being cleaned. Rollers, blankets, metering rollers, fountains, impression 

cylinders and plates shall not be considered as removable press components.

250 REPAIR CLEANING: Cleaning of equipment parts as part of a repair operation or as 

part of a scheduled maintenance procedure during which the parts are not removed 

from the equipment and power to the printing equipment has been turned off and 

secured.

251 ROLLER WASH: Solvent used to clean the metal ink rollers on a printing press.

252 SCREEN PRINTING: A printing operation in which the printing ink passes through a 

refined form of stencil to a web or fabric. The stencil openings determine the form and 

dimension of the imprint.

253 SIGN INK/COATING: A printing ink or coating used in screen printing indoor and 

outdoor signs (excluding structural components) and murals, including lettering 

enamels, poster colors, copy blockers, and bulletin enamels.

254 SOLVENT CLEANING: The removal of loosely held uncured adhesives, uncured inks, 

uncured coatings, and contaminants including, but not limited to, dirt, soil, and grease 

from equipment, substrate, and general work areas.

255 SPECIALTY FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING: Flexographic printing on polyethylene, 

polyester and foil substrates for food packaging, health care products, fertilizer bags, or 

liquid-tight containers.

256 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION (SIC): Number codes created by the U. 

S. Government Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to classify establishments by 

type of economic activity.

257 STATIONARY SOURCE: Any building, structure, facility, or emissions unit which 

emits or may emit any affected pollutant directly or as a fugitive emission.

257.1 Building, structure, facility, or emissions unit includes all pollutant emitting 

activities which:

257.1.1 Belong to the same industrial grouping, and

257.1.2 Are located on one property, or two or more contiguous properties, 

and
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Placer County APCD 239 - 9 Rules and Regulations

257.1.3 Are under the same or common ownership, operation, or control, 

or which are owned or operated by entities which are under 

common control.

257.2 Pollutant emitting activities shall be considered as part of the same industrial 

grouping if:

257.2.1 They belong to the same two-digit Standard Industrial 

Classification (SIC) code, or

257.2.2 They are part of a common production process, which includes 

industrial processes, manufacturing processes and any connected 

processes involving a common material.

258 STRIPPING: The removal of cured inks, cured coatings, or cured adhesives.

259 SUBSTRATE: The surface to which a printed image is applied. Substrates include, but 

are not limited to, paper, plastic, metal, wood, ceramic, and fabric.

260 ULTRAVIOLET INK: Ink which dries by polymerization reaction induced by ultraviolet 

energy.

261 VACUUM-FORMING: A process which imparts a desired shape to a printed object by 

subjecting the screen printed area of the object to a vacuum.

262 VOC COMPOSITE PARTIAL PRESSURE: The sum of the partial pressures of the 

compounds defined as VOCs. VOC composite partial pressure shall be calculated by 

the following equation:

∑ ∑

∑

= =

=

+ +

= n

e

n

i i

i

e

e

w

w

n

i i

i i

c

MW

W

MW

W

MW

W

MW

W VP

PP

1 1

1

( )( )

Where: PPC = VOC composite partial pressure at 20o

C, in mm Hg.

Wi = Weight of the "i"th VOC compound, in grams, as 

determined by ASTM E 260-96.

Ww = Weight of water, in grams as determined by ASTM D 

3792-99.

We = Weight of the "e"th exempt compound, in grams, as 

determined by ASTM E 260-96.

MWi = Molecular weight of the "i"th VOC compound, in grams 

per g-mole, as given in chemical reference literature.

MWw = Molecular weight of water, 18 grams per g-mole.

MWe = Molecular weight of the "e"th exempt compound, in 

grams per g-mole, as given in chemical reference 

literature.

VPi = Vapor pressure of the "i"th VOC compound at 20o

C, in 

mm Hg, as determined by Section 502.7 of this rule.

263 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC): Any chemical compound containing at 

least one atom of carbon except for the Exempt Compounds listed in Rule 102, 

DEFINITIONS.

264 VOC CONTENT:
October 11, 2012

Rules and Regulations 239 - 10 Placer County APCD

264.1 VOC Regulatory Content: The weight of VOC per combined volume of 

VOC and material, calculated with the following equation: 

VOC Regulatory Content = (Ws – Ww – Wec) / (Vm – Vw – Vec)

264.2 VOC Actual Content: The weight of VOC per volume of material, 

calculated with the following equation:

VOC Actual Content = (Ws – Ww – Wec) / Vm

Where:

Ws = Weight of volatile compounds in grams

Ww = Weight of water in grams

Wec = Weight of exempt compounds in grams

Vm = Volume of material in liters

Vw = Volume of water in liters

Vec = Volume of exempt compounds, as defined in Rule 

102, DEFINITIONS, in liters

264.3 Percent of VOC by Weight: The ratio of the weight of the VOC to the 

weight of the material, expressed as a percent. The percent of VOC by 

weight shall be calculated as follows:

x 100

W

W Percent of VOC by Weight

p

voc =

Where: Wvoc = Weight of VOCs in grams

Wp = Weight of material in grams.

265 WATER SLIDE DECALS: Decals which are screen printed onto treated paper stock, 

and are removable from the stock by the dissolution of an underlying, water-soluble 

adhesive or a similar carrier.

266 WEB: A continuous sheet of substrate that is printed on web-fed printing presses.

267 WEB-FEED: An automatic system on a printing press, which supplies a web substrate 

for printing from a continuous roll or web or from an extrusion conversion process.

268 WIPE CLEANING: The method of cleaning a surface by physically rubbing the surface 

with a material such as a rag, paper, or a sponge moistened with a solvent.

300 STANDARDS

301 VOC CONTENT LIMITS FOR MATERIALS USED IN GRAPHIC ARTS 

OPERATIONS: Except for graphic arts operations exempt pursuant to Section 104, no 

person shall apply any material with a VOC content in excess of the limits specified 

below. The VOC content of the material as applied (including thinners, reducers, 

hardeners, retarders, catalysts, and additives) shall be determined pursuant to Section 

502.1.

301.1 VOC Content for Inks, Coatings, and Adhesives:
October 11, 2012

Placer County APCD 239 - 11 Rules and Regulations

Material Type

VOC Regulatory Content

g/l (lb/gal)

General

Printing Ink

Adhesive

Coating

300 (2.5)

150 (1.25)

300 (2.5)

Screen Printing

Printing Ink

Adhesive

Coating

Electronic Circuit

Extreme Performance Ink/Coating

Metallic Ink

Sign Ink/Coating

Mechanically Formed Products

Overlays

Web-Fed Wallpaper

Water Slide Decals

400 (3.3)

150 (1.25)

400 (3.3)

800 (6.7)

400 (3.3)

400 (3.3)

400 (3.3)

800 (6.7)

800 (6.7)

300 (2.5)

800 (6.7)

301.2 VOC Content for Fountain Solution Materials:

Material Type

VOC Content

(% by Weight)

Heatset Web Offset Lithographic

Containing alcohol

Chilled using refrigerator chiller

Non-chilled

Containing no alcohol

3

1.6

5

Coldset Web Offset Lithographic 5

Sheet-fed Offset Lithographic (with maximum sheet size 

greater than 11 x 17 inches)

Containing alcohol and chilled using refrigerator chiller

Other

8.5

5

All Other Presses

Chilled using refrigerator chiller

Non-chilled

10

8

301.3 Temperature Gauge Requirements Refrigerated Chiller: The refrigerated 

chiller shall be equipped with a temperature gauge. The temperature of the 

fountain solution shall be maintained at 55o

F or less.

301.4 Coldset Web Offset Lithographic Fountain Solution: Fountain solutions

containing alcohol shall not be used in coldest web offset lithographic printing 

operations.

302 EMISSION CONTROL EQUIPMENT:

302.1 Heatset Web Offset Lithographic or Letterpress: A person using heatset web 

offset lithographic or letterpress printing operation that prior to controls has a 

potential to emit of greater than 25 tons of VOC emissions per year shall use 

an add-on control device, on the dryers, that satisfies the following:
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Rules and Regulations 239 - 12 Placer County APCD

302.1.1 The air pollution control equipment is approved by the Air Pollution 

Control Officer, pursuant to Rule 501, GENERAL PERMIT

REQUIREMENTS, and

302.1.2 The air pollution control equipment is designed and operated with 

an overall (control and capture) efficiency, as determined in 

Sections 502.4 and 502.5 that satisfies one of the following 

conditions, whichever is applicable:

302.1.2.1 90% overall control and capture efficiency, by 

weight, if the heatset web offset Lithographic or 

Letterpress printing control device installed prior to

October 11, 2012.

302.1.2.2 95% overall control and capture efficiency, by 

weight, if the if the heatset web offset Lithographic 

or letterpress printing control device installed after 

October 11, 2012.

302.1.3 As an alternative to Section 302.1.2, the mass concentration at the 

outlet of the air pollution control equipment, determined pursuant 

to Section 502.4, is less than or equal to 20 ppmv as hexane on a 

dry basis.

302.2 Alternative Emissions Control Equipment: As an alternative of complying with 

the VOC content limit of Section 301, a person may use air pollution control 

equipment provided the following conditions are met:

302.2.1 The air pollution control equipment is approved by the Air Pollution

Control Officer pursuant to Rule 501, GENERAL PERMIT

REQUIREMENTS.

302.2.2 During any period of continuous operation, not to exceed 24 hours, 

the air pollution control equipment shall have an overall capture 

and control efficiency of at least 80 percent, by weight, for flexible 

packaging printing, and at least 70 percent, by weight, for other 

types of printing operations.

302.2.3 The capture system shall vent all drying oven exhaust to the

control device and shall have one or more inlets for collection of 

fugitive emissions.

302.2.4 The air pollution control system shall reduce VOC emissions, at all 

the times, to a level that is not greater than the VOC emissions 

limits which would have been achieved through the use of 

complaint materials as per Sections 301.

302.2.5 Submit an Operation and Maintenance Plan to the Air Pollution 

Control Officer at least 90 days in advance of the date on which 

VOC emission control system is to be used in lieu of compliance 

with VOC limitations. The plan shall specify operation and 

maintenance procedures that demonstrate continuous operation 

and compliance of the emissions control equipment during periods 

of emissions-producing operations. The Plan shall specify key 

system operating parameters such as temperatures, pressures, 
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Placer County APCD 239 - 13 Rules and Regulations

and/or flow rates, as necessary to determine compliance with this 

rule and shall describe detailed procedures to maintain the 

approved emission control equipment. The Plan shall specify 

which records must be kept to document these operating and 

maintenance procedures. These records shall comply with the 

requirements of Sections 501.4, and 501.5. The Plan shall be 

implemented upon approval of the Air Pollution Control Officer.

302.2.6 Submit an application for an Authority to Construct, pursuant to 

Rule 501, General Permit Requirements.

303 CLEANING AND STORAGE REQUIREMENTS: Any person using cleanup solvents 

for graphic arts operations shall comply with the following requirements:

303.1 Materials used for solvent cleaning shall not exceed the VOC and/or composite 

vapor pressure limits specified in the table below. The VOC content of the 

material as applied shall be determined pursuant to Section 502.1. The 

composite partial pressure shall be determined using Section 502.6.

VOC CONTENT OF SOLVENT CLEANING MATERIALS

Material Type

Actual VOC 

Content

g/l (lb/gal)

VOC Composite 

Partial Pressure 

Millimeters of 

Mercury at 20o

C 

(68o

F)

General (e.g., maintenance, repair, 

solvent, wipe) Cleaning

72 (0.60)

Application Equipment Cleaning

General (not specifically listed below)

Lithographic and Letter Press Printing, 

Blanket and Roller Washes, and Other 

On-Press Components

Lithographic and Letter Press Printing,

Other Cleaning

Screen Printing

Flexographic Printing

Specialty Flexographic Printing

Ultraviolet Inks (Except Screen Printing)

100 (0.83)

300 (2.5)

300 (2.5)

300 (2.5)

100 (0.83)

670 (5.6)

670 (5.6)

AND

OR

OR

OR

AND

AND

AND

3

10

10

10

3

10

10

303.2 Closed containers shall be used for the disposal of all VOC-containing cloth, 

sponges, papers, or other materials used for solvent cleaning.

303.3 All VOC-materials shall be stored in closed containers when not in use.
October 11, 2012

Rules and Regulations 239 - 14 Placer County APCD

303.4 These cleanup solvent cleaning material limits shall supercede the 

requirements of Rule 240, SURFACE PREPARATION AND CLEANUP, for the 

cleaning of application equipment.

304 PROHIBITION OF SALE: A person shall not supply, sell, solicit, or offer for sale, any 

noncompliant material as defined in Section 239 for use in graphic arts operations. The 

prohibition in this section shall apply to any graphic arts material which will be applied 

at any physical location within the District.

305 SURFACE PREPARATION AND REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SOLVENT 

CLEANING: Solvents used to clean substrates during the manufacturing process, or 

used for surface preparation before coating, adhesive, or ink application, and solvents 

used for repair or maintenance cleaning, are subject to the requirements of Rule 240, 

SURFACE PREPARATION AND CLEANUP.

400 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS

401 PRODUCT INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SELLERS: Any person who sells 

any material subject to this rule shall make available to the purchaser at the time of 

sale the following information:

401.1 The material type by name, product code identification number, and 

manufacturer;

401.2 For Materials Subject to Section 301.1: The maximum VOC regulatory content 

of the material (adhesive, ink and coating), expressed in grams per liter or 

pounds of per gallon as determined pursuant to Section 502.1;

401.3 For Materials Subject to Section 301.2: The maximum weight percentage of

VOC of the fountain solution as determined pursuant to Section 264.3;

401.4 For Materials Subject to Section 303.1: The maximum VOC content and the 

total VOC composite partial pressure of the material. The VOC content shall be 

expressed as grams per liter or pounds per gallon) as determined pursuant to 

Section 502.1. The composite vapor pressure shall be displayed in millimeters 

of mercury at 20o

C (68oF) as determined pursuant to Section 502.6; and

401.5 For all materials subject to Sections 301 and 303.1: Recommendations 

regarding thinning, reducing, or mixing with any material.

402 CALCULATION FOR DETERMINING PERCENT CONTROL EFFICIENCY AND VOC 

MASS EMISSION RATE: The VOC mass emission rate shall be calculated both 

upstream and downstream of the emissions control device based on the VOC mass 

concentration and volumetric flowrate, pursuant to Section 502.5 and the equations on 

the following page:

402.1 VOC Mass Emission Rate:

Where:

M = VOC mass emission rate (upstream and downstream, in lb/hr.

) min ( )*( )*(60

hr

M = Q C (calculated upstream and downstream)
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Placer County APCD 239 - 15 Rules and Regulations

Q = the volumetric flowrate at the inlet (upstream) or exhaust stack outlet 

(downstream), in standard cubic feet per minute as determined by 

Section 502.4.

C = the VOC mass concentration at the inlet (upstream) or outlet 

(downstream), in pounds per standard cubic feet, as determined

pursuant to Section 502.4.

402.2 The percent control efficiency is calculated as follows:

% *100 













 − =

u

u d

M

M M CE

Where:

CE = control efficiency.

Mu = the upstream VOC mass emission rate, in lb/hr.

Md = the downstream VOC mass emission rate, in lb/hr.

403 CALCULATION FOR DETERMINING VOC EMISSIONS FOR STATIONARY 

SOURCES INCLUDING THOSE EXEMPT PURSUANT TO SECTION 104.1

403.1 The total VOC emissions from materials shall be determined as follows:

= ∑( + ) E E1 E2

Where:

E = Total VOC emissions (lbs-VOCs/month)

E1 = VOC emissions from ink usage ((lbs-VOCs/month), as calculated in 

Section 403.2

E2 = VOC emissions from material (except Inks) usage (lbs-VOCs/month), 

as calculated in Section 403.3

403.2 VOC Emissions from Ink Usage:

* * (1 ) E1 = U1 P1 − R

Where:

E1 = VOC emissions from ink usage (lbs-VOCs/month)

U1 = ink usage as applied (gallons/month). This equals the ink usage in 

pounds per month divided by the density of the ink.

P1 = VOC content (lbs-VOC/gallon), applied as, determined pursuant to 

Section 502.1

R = ink retention factor (20% for heat-set lithographic printing, 95% for nonheat set lithographic printing, and 0% for all other printing operations)

403.3 VOC Emissions from Material (except Inks) Usages:
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Rules and Regulations 239 - 16 Placer County APCD

∑( ) ( ) =

=

n

i

E Ui Vi

1

2

*

Where:

E2 = VOC emissions from materials (except inks) used (lbs-VOCs/month)

Ui = material usage, as applied, (gallons/month)

Vi = VOC content in the material (lbs-VOC/gal), as applied, as determined 

pursuant to Section 502.1

500 MONITORING AND RECORDS

501 RECORDKEEPING: In addition to any existing permit conditions issued pursuant to 

Rule 501, GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS, any person subject to this rule, 

including operations claiming exemption under Section 104.1, shall comply with the 

following requirements:

501.1 List of Materials: A list shall be maintained of all materials currently used 

and/or stored at the site. The list shall include the following information:

501.1.1 Material type (e.g., adhesive, coating, ink, fountain solution, 

extreme performance ink/coating, or cleanup solvent) by name, 

product code identification number, and manufacturer, and the 

appropriate material type category as designated in Sections 301 

and 303.1 as applicable.

501.1.2 The VOC regulatory content of the materials (e.g., adhesive, 

coating, or ink) listed in Section 301.1, expressed in grams per liter 

or pounds per gallon.

501.1.3 The weight percentage of volatiles of the fountain solution listed in 

Section 301.2

501.1.4 The VOC actual content of the cleaning materials listed in Section 

303, expressed in grams per liter or pounds per gallon.

501.1.5 The VOC composite partial pressure for materials listed in Section 

303.1, if applicable. The composite partial pressure shall be 

calculated pursuant to Section 262.

501.1.6 The actual mixing ratio used for the material, as applied.

501.1.7 For inks, the density of the ink in lbs/gallon.

501.1.8 For aerosol adhesives exempt pursuant to Section 104.7, records 

of VOC content in the aerosol adhesive. The VOC content shall be 

recorded as percent by weight. The record shall also include the 

type of operation (i.e., substrate, purpose) for which the aerosol 

adhesive is used.

501.1.9 Identification of each material type exceeding the VOC limits 

specified in Sections 301 and 303.1. or the composite vapor 

pressure specified in Section 303.1.
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Placer County APCD 239 - 17 Rules and Regulations

501.2 Product Information: The information listed under Sections 401.1 through 

401.5 shall be maintained on-site and made available to the Air Pollution 

Control Officer upon request.

501.3 Usage Records: Any person within the District using materials regulated by 

this rule shall update and maintain the calendar monthly records as required by 

this rule as follows:

501.3.1 Records of total applied volume in gallons or weight in pounds 

(weight allowed for ink only) for each material (including thinners, 

reducers, hardeners, retarders, catalysts, fountain solutions and 

cleaning materials), specified by material type as listed in Sections 

301 and 303.1, and VOC emissions from each material type.

501.3.2 For graphic arts operations exempt pursuant to Sections 104.1, or 

104.7, records of total VOC emissions from all materials (including 

thinners, reducers, hardeners, retarders, and catalysts) used for 

each calendar month in pounds. The records shall be determined 

using emission calculations specified in Section 403.

501.3.3 For graphic arts operations exempt pursuant to Section 104.8, 

records of total VOC emissions from all offset lithographic printing 

operations, including related cleaning activities.

501.3.4 For graphic arts operations exempt pursuant to Section 104.10, 

records of total VOC emissions from heatset web offset 

lithographic printing and heatset web letterpress printing.

501.3.5 Records of total applied volume for each material exceeding the 

VOC limits specified in Sections 301 and 303.1 by name, product 

code identification number, manufacturer, and material type.

501.4 Emission Control Equipment: Any person using emission control equipment 

pursuant to Section 302 as a means of complying with this rule shall maintain 

on a daily basis:

501.4.1 Such records as required by the Operation and Maintenance Plan 

in Section 302.2.5; and

501.4.2 Records of applied volume in gallon or by weight in pounds (weight 

allowed for ink only); and

501.4.3 Records of test reports conducted pursuant to Section 502.

501.5 Duration of Records: All records required by this rule shall be retained on-site 

for at least two years, except for sources subject to Rule 507, FEDERAL

OPERATING PERMIT PROGRAM, which shall be retained for at least five 

years. Such records shall be made available to the Air Pollution Control Officer 

upon request.

502 TEST METHODS

502.1 Determination of VOC Content: VOC content of the material (except as 

provided for in Section 502.2), as applied including thinners, reducers, 

hardeners, retarders, and catalysts, shall be determined in accordance with 

EPA Method 24, Section 264.1 and Section 502.3, for VOC regulatory content, 

or with EPA Method 24 and Section 264.2, for VOC actual content.
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Rules and Regulations 239 - 18 Placer County APCD

502.2 Analysis of Samples, Non-Heatset Polymerizing Lithographic Or Letterpress 

Inks: Measurement of the volatile content shall be made in accordance with 

EPA Method 24. All components of the sample must be weighed in the proper 

proportion into the analysis container and mixed together, with the mixture then 

being allowed to stand for at least one hour, but no more than 24 hours, prior 

to being oven-dried at 110o

C for 1 hour.

502.3 Determination of Exempt Compounds: Compounds exempt pursuant to 

Section 213, shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D4457-91, “Test 

Method for Determination of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-tricholoethane in 

Paints and Coatings by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph”, or CARB 

Method 432, “Determination of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-tricholoethane in 

Paints and Coatings”. If any of the perfluorocarbons are being claimed as 

exempt compounds, the person making the claim must state in advance which 

compounds are present, and the EPA-approved test method used to make the 

determination of these compounds.

502.4 Determination of Control Equipment Efficiency: Efficiency of the emission 

control equipment shall be based upon test measurements made in 

accordance with:

502.4.1 USEPA Method 18, 25 or 25A, for VOC concentration, and

502.4.2 USEPA Method 2 or 2C for flow rates, as applicable, and 

calculated in accordance with Section 402.

502.5 Determination of Capture Efficiency: Capture efficiency shall be determined in 

accordance with U.S. EPA technical guideline Document, Guidelines for 

Developing Capture Efficiency dated January 9, 1995.

Individual capture efficiency test runs subject to U.S. EPA technical guidelines 

shall be determined by:

502.5.1 Applicable U.S. EPA methods 204, 204A, 204B, 204C, 2404D, 

204E, and/or 204F; or

502.5.2 Any other method approved by the U.S. EPA, the California Air 

Resources Board, and the Air Pollution Control Officer.

502.6 Determination of VOC Composite Partial Pressure: VOC composite partial 

pressure shall be determined in accordance with Section 262 and Section 

502.7.

502.7 Determination of Vapor Pressure: Vapor pressure of a VOC shall be 

determined in accordance with ASTM Method D2879-97, “Test Method for 

Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition 

Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniescope”, or may be obtained from the most 

current edition of a published source, including, but not limited to:

502.7.1 The Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances, Boublik, Fried, and Hala; 

Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York.

502.7.2 Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book 

Company.
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Placer County APCD 239 - 19 Rules and Regulations

502.7.3 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber 

Publishing Company.

502.7.4 Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, John Dean, editor, McGraw-Hill 

Book Company.

Not withstanding the provisions of this section, the Air Pollution Control Officer 

may require the use of a vapor pressure determined in accordance with ASTM 

Method D2879-97 for determining compliance with this rule.

502.8 Determination of Metal Content in Inks: The metal content of metallic inks 

shall be determined in accordance with the South Coast Air Quality 

Management District’s Method 318, “Determination of Weight Percent 

Elemental Metals in Coatings by X-ray Diffraction”. Use of this method for 

determining the content of metals other than aluminum in metallic inks shall be 

subject to approval by the U.S. EPA, the California Air Resources Board, and 

the Air Pollution Control Officer.
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Rules and Regulations 239 - 20 Placer County APCD

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