PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

U.S. COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH 

COMPETITIVENESS ACT 


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129 STAT. 704 PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

Public Law 114–90 

114th Congress 

An Act 

To facilitate a pro-growth environment for the developing commercial space industry 

by encouraging private sector investment and creating more stable and predictable 

regulatory conditions, and for other purposes. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 

the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS; REFERENCES. 

(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act’’. 

(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of this Act 

is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents; references. 

TITLE I—SPURRING PRIVATE AEROSPACE COMPETITIVENESS AND 

ENTREPRENEURSHIP 

Sec. 101. Short title. 

Sec. 102. International launch competitiveness. 

Sec. 103. Indemnification for space flight participants. 

Sec. 104. Launch license flexibility. 

Sec. 105. Licensing report. 

Sec. 106. Federal jurisdiction. 

Sec. 107. Cross waivers. 

Sec. 108. Space authority. 

Sec. 109. Orbital traffic management. 

Sec. 110. Space surveillance and situational awareness data. 

Sec. 111. Consensus standards and extension of certain safety regulation requirements. 

Sec. 112. Government astronauts. 

Sec. 113. Streamline commercial space launch activities. 

Sec. 114. Operation and utilization of the ISS. 

Sec. 115. State commercial launch facilities. 

Sec. 116. Space support vehicles study. 

Sec. 117. Space launch system update. 

TITLE II—COMMERCIAL REMOTE SENSING 

Sec. 201. Annual reports. 

Sec. 202. Statutory update report. 

TITLE III—OFFICE OF SPACE COMMERCE 

Sec. 301. Renaming of office of space commercialization. 

Sec. 302. Functions of the office of space commerce. 

TITLE IV—SPACE RESOURCE EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION 

Sec. 401. Short title. 

Sec. 402. Title 51 amendment. 

Sec. 403. Disclaimer of extraterritorial sovereignty. 

(c) REFERENCES TO TITLE 51, UNITED STATES CODE.—Except 

as otherwise expressly provided, wherever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or 

51 USC 10101 

note. 

U.S. Commercial 

Space Launch 

Competitiveness 

Act. 

Nov. 25, 2015 

[H.R. 2262] 


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PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 129 STAT. 705 

repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of title 51, United 

States Code. 

TITLE I—SPURRING PRIVATE AEROSPACE COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 

SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE. 

This title may be cited as the ‘‘Spurring Private Aerospace 

Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015’’ or ‘‘SPACE 

Act of 2015’’. 

SEC. 102. INTERNATIONAL LAUNCH COMPETITIVENESS. 

(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that 

it is in the public interest to update the methodology used to 

calculate the maximum probable loss from claims under section 

50914 of title 51, United States Code, with a validated risk profile 

approach in order to consistently compute valid and reasonable 

maximum probable loss values. 

(b) IMPLEMENTATION.—Not later than 180 days after the date 

of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the commercial space sector and insurance providers, 

shall— 

(1) evaluate the methodology used to calculate the maximum probable loss from claims under section 50914 of title 

51, United States Code, and, if necessary, develop a plan to 

update that methodology; 

(2) in evaluating or developing a plan under paragraph 

(1)— 

(A) ensure that the Federal Government is not exposed 

to greater costs than intended and that launch companies 

are not required to purchase more insurance coverage than 

necessary; and 

(B) consider the impact of the cost to both the industry 

and the Government of implementing an updated methodology; and 

(3) submit the evaluation, and any plan, to the Committee 

on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 

the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 

of Representatives. 

(c) INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT.—Not later than 270 days after 

the date the evaluation is submitted under subsection (b)(3), the 

Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 

Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 

Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 

an assessment of— 

(1) the analysis and conclusions provided by the Secretary 

of Transportation in the evaluation, and any plan, under subsection (b); 

(2) the implementation schedule proposed by the Secretary 

in the plan described in paragraph (1); 

(3) the suitability of the plan described in paragraph (1) 

for implementation; and 

Deadline. 

Deadline. 

Consultation. 

Evaluation. 

Plans. 

51 USC 10101 

note. 

Spurring Private 

Aerospace 

Competitiveness 

and Entrepreneurship 

Act of 2015. 


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129 STAT. 706 PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

(4) any further actions needed to implement the plan 

described in paragraph (1) or otherwise accomplish the purpose 

of this section. 

(d) LAUNCH LIABILITY EXTENSION.—Section 50915(f) is amended 

by striking ‘‘December 31, 2016’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 

2025’’. 

SEC. 103. INDEMNIFICATION FOR SPACE FLIGHT PARTICIPANTS. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 509 is amended— 

(1) in section 50914(a)— 

(A) in paragraph (4), by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(E) space flight participants.’’; and 

(B) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(5) Subparagraph (E) of paragraph (4) ceases to be effective 

September 30, 2025.’’; and 

(2) in section 50915(a)— 

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘a licensee or transferee under this chapter, a contractor, subcontractor, or 

customer of the licensee or transferee, or a contractor or 

subcontractor of a customer, but not against a space flight 

participant,’’ and inserting ‘‘a person described in paragraph (3)(A)’’; and 

(B) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(3)(A) A person described in this subparagraph is— 

‘‘(i) a licensee or transferee under this chapter; 

‘‘(ii) a contractor, subcontractor, or customer of the 

licensee or transferee; 

‘‘(iii) a contractor or subcontractor of a customer; or 

‘‘(iv) a space flight participant. 

‘‘(B) Clause (iv) of subparagraph (A) ceases to be effective 

September 30, 2025.’’. 

SEC. 104. LAUNCH LICENSE FLEXIBILITY. 

Section 50906 is amended— 

(1) in subsection (d)— 

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 

‘‘that will be launched or reentered’’ and inserting ‘‘or 

reusable launch vehicles that will be launched into a suborbital trajectory or reentered under that permit’’; 

(B) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows: 

‘‘(1) research and development to test design concepts, 

equipment, or operating techniques;’’; and 

(C) in paragraph (3)— 

(i) by striking ‘‘prior to obtaining a license’’; and 

(ii) by inserting ‘‘or vehicle’’ after ‘‘design of the 

rocket’’; 

(2) in subsection (e)— 

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘suborbital rocket 

design’’ and inserting ‘‘suborbital rocket or suborbital rocket 

design, or for a particular reusable launch vehicle or 

reusable launch vehicle design,’’; and 

(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘or launch vehicle’’ 

after ‘‘the suborbital rocket’’; 

(3) by amending subsection (g) to read as follows: 

‘‘(g) The Secretary may issue a permit under this section notwithstanding any license issued under this chapter. The issuance 

of a license under this chapter may not invalidate a permit issued 

under this section.’’; and 

51 USC 50906. 

Termination 

date. 

51 USC 50914. 

51 USC 50915. 


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PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 129 STAT. 707 

(4) in subsection (h), by inserting ‘‘or reusable launch 

vehicle’’ after ‘‘suborbital rocket’’. 

SEC. 105. LICENSING REPORT. 

Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this 

Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the Committee 

on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 

Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 

Representatives a report on approaches for streamlining the 

licensing and permitting process of launch vehicles, reentry vehicles, 

or components of launch or reentry vehicles, to enable non-launch 

flight operations related to space transportation. The report shall 

include approaches to improve efficiency, reduce unnecessary costs, 

resolve inconsistencies, remove duplication, and minimize 

unwarranted constraints. The report shall also include an assessment of existing private and government infrastructure, as appropriate, in future licensing activities. 

SEC. 106. FEDERAL JURISDICTION. 

Section 50914 is amended by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(g) FEDERAL JURISDICTION.—Any claim by a third party or 

space flight participant for death, bodily injury, or property damage 

or loss resulting from an activity carried out under the license 

shall be the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federal courts.’’. 

SEC. 107. CROSS WAIVERS. 

Section 50914(b)(1) is amended to read as follows: 

‘‘(1)(A) A launch or reentry license issued or transferred 

under this chapter shall contain a provision requiring the 

licensee or transferee to make a reciprocal waiver of claims 

with applicable parties involved in launch services or reentry 

services under which each party to the waiver agrees to be 

responsible for personal injury to, death of, or property damage 

or loss sustained by it or its own employees resulting from 

an activity carried out under the applicable license. 

‘‘(B) In this paragraph, the term ‘applicable parties’ 

means— 

‘‘(i) contractors, subcontractors, and customers of the 

licensee or transferee; 

‘‘(ii) contractors and subcontractors of the customers; 

and 

‘‘(iii) space flight participants. 

‘‘(C) Clause (iii) of subparagraph (B) ceases to be effective 

September 30, 2025.’’. 

SEC. 108. SPACE AUTHORITY. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the date of 

enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Science and 

Technology Policy, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the 

Secretary of Transportation, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the heads of other relevant 

Federal agencies, and the commercial space sector, shall— 

(1) assess current, and proposed near-term, commercial 

non-governmental activities conducted in space; 

(2) identify appropriate authorization and supervision 

authorities for the activities described in paragraph (1); 

Assessment. 

Deadline. 

Consultation. 

Termination 

date. 

Definition. 

51 USC 50914. 

Assessment. 


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129 STAT. 708 PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

(3) recommend an authorization and supervision approach 

that would prioritize safety, utilize existing authorities, minimize burdens to the industry, promote the U.S. commercial 

space sector, and meet the United States obligations under 

international treaties; and 

(4) submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 

Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report 

on the activities described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3). 

(b) EXCEPTION.—Nothing in this section shall apply to the 

activities of the ISS national laboratory as described in section 

504 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354), including any research 

or development projects utilizing the ISS national laboratory. 

SEC. 109. ORBITAL TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT. 

(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Congress that 

an improved framework may be necessary for space traffic management of United States Government assets and United States private 

sector assets in outer space and orbital debris mitigation. 

(b) STUDY.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 

of this Act, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration, in consultation with the Secretary of 

Transportation, the Chair of the Federal Communications Commission, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Defense, 

shall enter into an arrangement with an independent systems 

engineering and technical assistance organization to study alternate 

frameworks for the management of space traffic and orbital activities. 

(c) CONTENTS.—The study shall include the following: 

(1) An assessment of current regulations, best practices, 

and industry standards that apply to space traffic management 

and orbital debris mitigation. 

(2) An assessment of current statutory authorities granted 

to the Federal Communications Commission, the Department 

of Transportation, and the Department of Commerce that apply 

to space traffic management and orbital debris mitigation and 

how those agencies utilize and coordinate those authorities. 

(3) A review of all space traffic management and orbital 

debris requirements under treaties and other international 

agreements to which the United States is a signatory, and 

other nonbinding international arrangements in which the 

United States participates, and the manner and extent to which 

the Federal Government complies with those requirements and 

arrangements. 

(4) An assessment of existing Federal Government assets 

used to conduct space traffic management and space situational 

awareness. 

(5) An assessment of the risk to space traffic management 

associated with smallsats and any necessary Government 

coordination for their launch and utilization to avoid congestion 

of the orbital environment and improve space situational awareness. 

(6) An assessment of existing private sector information 

sharing activities associated with space situational awareness 

and space traffic management. 

Review. 

Assessments. 

Deadline. 

Consultation. 

Reports. 

Recommendations. 


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PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 129 STAT. 709 

(7) Recommendations related to the appropriate framework 

for the protection of the health, safety, and welfare of the 

public and economic vitality of the space industry. 

(d) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 

of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on 

Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives the study required in subsection (b). 

(e) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AUTHORITIES.— (1) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that 

the Department of Defense plays a vital and unique role in 

protecting national security assets in space. 

(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section may 

be construed to affect the authority of the Secretary of Defense 

as it relates to safeguarding the national security. 

SEC. 110. SPACE SURVEILLANCE AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS DATA. 

Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this 

Act, the Secretary of Transportation in concurrence with the Secretary of Defense shall— 

(1) in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal 

agencies, study the feasibility of processing and releasing 

safety-related space situational awareness data and information 

to any entity consistent with national security interests and 

public safety obligations of the United States; and 

(2) submit a report on the feasibility study to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 

and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 

House of Representatives. 

SEC. 111. CONSENSUS STANDARDS AND EXTENSION OF CERTAIN 

SAFETY REGULATION REQUIREMENTS. 

Section 50905(c) is amended— 

(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘IN GENERAL.—’’ before 

‘‘The Secretary’’; 

(2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘REGULATIONS.—’’ before 

‘‘Regulations’’; 

(3) by striking paragraph (3); 

(4) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (10); 

(5) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: 

‘‘(3) FACILITATION OF STANDARDS.—The Secretary shall continue to work with the commercial space sector, including the 

Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee, or its 

successor organization, to facilitate the development of voluntary industry consensus standards based on recommended 

best practices to improve the safety of crew, government astronauts, and space flight participants as the commercial space 

sector continues to mature. 

‘‘(4) COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPARENCY.—Nothing in this 

subsection shall be construed to limit the authority of the 

Secretary to discuss potential regulatory approaches, potential 

performance standards, or any other topic related to this subsection with the commercial space industry, including observations, findings, and recommendations from the Commercial 

Space Transportation Advisory Committee, or its successor 

organization, prior to the issuance of a notice of proposed rulemaking. Such discussions shall not be construed to permit 

51 USC 50905. 

Reports. 

Consultation. 

Deadline. 

Recommendations. 


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129 STAT. 710 PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

the Secretary to promulgate industry regulations except as 

otherwise provided in this section. 

‘‘(5) INTERIM VOLUNTARY INDUSTRY CONSENSUS STANDARDS

REPORTS.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than December 31, 2016, 

and every 30 months thereafter until December 31, 2021, 

the Secretary, in consultation and coordination with the 

commercial space sector, including the Commercial Space 

Transportation Advisory Committee, or its successor 

organization, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 

Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 

of Representatives a report on the progress of the commercial space transportation industry in developing voluntary 

industry consensus standards that promote best practices 

to improve industry safety. 

‘‘(B) CONTENTS.—The report shall include, at a minimum— 

‘‘(i) any voluntary industry consensus standards 

that have been accepted by the industry at large; 

‘‘(ii) the identification of areas that have the potential to become voluntary industry consensus standards 

that are currently under consideration by the industry 

at large; 

‘‘(iii) an assessment from the Secretary on the 

general progress of the industry in adopting voluntary 

industry consensus standards; 

‘‘(iv) any lessons learned about voluntary industry 

consensus standards, best practices, and commercial 

space launch operations; 

‘‘(v) any lessons learned associated with the 

development, potential application, and acceptance of 

voluntary industry consensus standards, best practices, 

and commercial space launch operations; and 

‘‘(vi) recommendations, findings, or observations 

from the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory 

Committee, or its successor organization, on the 

progress of the industry in developing voluntary 

industry consensus standards that promote best practices to improve industry safety. 

‘‘(6) REPORT.—Not later than 270 days after the date of 

enactment of the SPACE Act of 2015, the Secretary, in consultation and coordination with the commercial space sector, 

including the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee, or its successor organization, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 

and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 

House of Representatives a report specifying key industry 

metrics that might indicate readiness of the commercial space 

sector and the Department of Transportation to transition to 

a safety framework that may include regulations under paragraph (9) that considers space flight participant, government 

astronaut, and crew safety. 

‘‘(7) REPORTS.—Not later than March 31 of each of 2018 

and 2022, the Secretary, in consultation and coordination with 

the commercial space sector, including the Commercial Space 

Consultation. 

Consultation. 

Recommendations. 

Assessment. 

Deadlines. 

Consultation. 


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PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 129 STAT. 711 

Transportation Advisory Committee, or its successor organization, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 

and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 

Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 

a report that identifies the activities, described in this subsection and subsection (d) most appropriate for a new safety 

framework that may include regulatory action, if any, and 

a proposed transition plan for such safety framework. 

‘‘(8) INDEPENDENT REVIEW.—Not later than December 31, 

2022, an independent systems engineering and technical assistance organization or standards development organization contracted by the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 

Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 

Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 

of Representatives an assessment of the readiness of the 

commercial space industry and the Federal Government to 

transition to a safety framework that may include regulations. 

As part of the review, the contracted organization shall 

evaluate— 

‘‘(A) the progress of the commercial space industry 

in adopting voluntary industry consensus standards as 

reported by the Secretary in the interim assessments 

included in the reports under paragraph (5); 

‘‘(B) the progress of the commercial space industry 

toward meeting the key industry metrics identified by the 

report under paragraph (6), including the knowledge and 

operational experience obtained by the commercial space 

industry while providing services for compensation or hire; 

and 

‘‘(C) whether the areas identified in the reports under 

paragraph (5) are appropriate for regulatory action, or further development of voluntary industry consensus standards, considering the progress evaluated in subparagraphs 

(A) and (B) of this paragraph. 

‘‘(9) LEARNING PERIOD.—Beginning on October 1, 2023, the 

Secretary may propose regulations under this subsection without regard to subparagraphs (C) and (D) of paragraph (2). 

The development of any such regulations shall take into consideration the evolving standards of the commercial space flight 

industry as identified in the reports published under paragraphs (5), (6), and (7).’’; and 

(6) in paragraph (10), as redesignated, by inserting ‘‘RULE

OF CONSTRUCTION.—’’ before ‘‘Nothing’’. 

SEC. 112. GOVERNMENT ASTRONAUTS. 

(a) FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.—Section 50901(15) is amended by 

inserting ‘‘, government astronauts,’’ after ‘‘crew’’ each place it 

appears. 

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—The National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration has a need to fly government astronauts (as defined 

in section 50902 of title 51, United States Code, as amended) 

within commercial launch vehicles and reentry vehicles under 

chapter 509 of that title. This need was identified by the Secretary 

of Transportation and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration due to the intended use of 

commercial launch vehicles and reentry vehicles developed under 

the Commercial Crew Development Program, authorized in section 

51 USC 20113 

note. 

51 USC 50901. 

Effective date. 

Evaluation. 

Deadline. 

Contracts. 

Assessment. 


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129 STAT. 712 PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

402 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Authorization Act of 2010 (124 Stat. 2820; Public Law 111–267). 

It is the sense of Congress that the authority delegated to the 

Administration by the amendment made by subsection (d) of this 

section should be used for that purpose. 

(c) DEFINITION OF GOVERNMENT ASTRONAUT.—Section 50902 

is amended— 

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and 

(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following: 

‘‘(4) ‘government astronaut’ means an individual who— 

‘‘(A) is designated by the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration under section 20113(n); 

‘‘(B) is carried within a launch vehicle or reentry 

vehicle in the course of his or her employment, which 

may include performance of activities directly relating to 

the launch, reentry, or other operation of the launch vehicle 

or reentry vehicle; and 

‘‘(C) is either— 

‘‘(i) an employee of the United States Government, 

including the uniformed services, engaged in the 

performance of a Federal function under authority of 

law or an Executive act; or 

‘‘(ii) an international partner astronaut. 

‘‘(5) ‘international partner astronaut’ means an individual 

designated under Article 11 of the International Space Station 

Intergovernmental Agreement, by a partner to that agreement 

other than the United States, as qualified to serve as an International Space Station crew member. 

‘‘(6) ‘International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement’ means the Agreement Concerning Cooperation on the 

International Space Station, signed at Washington January 

29, 1998 (TIAS 12927).’’. 

(d) POWERS OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE

ADMINISTRATION IN PERFORMANCE OF FUNCTIONS.—Section 20113 

is amended by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(n) IDENTIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT ASTRONAUTS.—For purposes of a license issued or transferred by the Secretary of Transportation under chapter 509 to launch a launch vehicle or to reenter 

a reentry vehicle carrying a government astronaut (as defined in 

section 50902), the Administration shall designate a government 

astronaut in accordance with requirements prescribed by the 

Administration.’’. 

(e) DEFINITION OF LAUNCH.—Paragraph (7) of section 50902, 

as redesignated, is amended by striking ‘‘and any payload, crew, 

or space flight participant’’ and inserting ‘‘and any payload or 

human being’’. 

(f) DEFINITION OF LAUNCH SERVICES.—Paragraph (9) of section 

50902, as redesignated, is amended by striking ‘‘payload, crew 

(including crew training), or space flight participant’’ and inserting 

‘‘payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, 

or space flight participant’’. 

(g) DEFINITION OF REENTER AND REENTRY.—Paragraph (16) 

of section 50902, as redesignated, is amended by striking ‘‘and 

its payload, crew, or space flight participants, if any,’’ and inserting 

‘‘and its payload or human beings, if any,’’. 

51 USC 50902. 

Designation. 

51 USC 20113. 


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PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 129 STAT. 713 

(h) DEFINITION OF REENTRY SERVICES.—Paragraph (17) of section 50902, as redesignated, is amended by striking ‘‘payload, crew 

(including crew training), or space flight participant, if any,’’ and 

inserting ‘‘payload, crew (including crew training), government 

astronaut, or space flight participant, if any,’’. 

(i) DEFINITION OF SPACE FLIGHT PARTICIPANT.—Paragraph (20) 

of section 50902, as redesignated, is amended to read as follows: 

‘‘(20) ‘space flight participant’ means an individual, who 

is not crew or a government astronaut, carried within a launch 

vehicle or reentry vehicle.’’. 

(j) DEFINITION OF THIRD PARTY.—Paragraph (24)(E) of section 

50902, as redesignated, is amended by inserting ‘‘, government 

astronauts,’’ after ‘‘crew’’. 

(k) RESTRICTIONS ON LAUNCHES, OPERATIONS, AND REENTRIES; 

SINGLE LICENSE OR PERMIT.—Section 50904(d) is amended by 

striking ‘‘activities involving crew or space flight participants’’ and 

inserting ‘‘activities involving crew, government astronauts, or space 

flight participants’’. 

(l) LICENSE APPLICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS; APPLICATIONS.— 

Section 50905 is amended— 

(1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ‘‘crews and space flight 

participants’’ and inserting ‘‘crew, government astronauts, and 

space flight participants’’; 

(2) in subsection (b)(2)(D), by striking ‘‘crew or space flight 

participants’’ and inserting ‘‘crew, government astronauts, or 

space flight participants’’; and 

(3) in subsection (c)— 

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘crew and space flight 

participants’’ and inserting ‘‘crew, government astronauts, 

and space flight participants’’; and 

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘to crew or space 

flight participants’’ each place it appears and inserting 

‘‘to crew, government astronauts, or space flight participants’’. 

(m) MONITORING ACTIVITIES.—Section 50907(a) is amended by 

striking ‘‘at a site used for crew or space flight participant training’’ 

and inserting ‘‘at a site not owned or operated by the Federal 

Government or a foreign government used for crew, government 

astronaut, or space flight participant training’’. 

(n) ADDITIONAL SUSPENSIONS.—Section 50908(d)(1) is amended 

by striking ‘‘to crew or space flight participants’’ each place it 

appears and inserting ‘‘to any human being’’. 

(o) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER EXECUTIVE AGENCIES, LAWS, AND

INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS; NONAPPLICATION.—Section 50919(g) 

is amended to read as follows: 

‘‘(g) NONAPPLICATION.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—This chapter does not apply to— 

‘‘(A) a launch, reentry, operation of a launch vehicle 

or reentry vehicle, operation of a launch site or reentry 

site, or other space activity the Government carries out 

for the Government; or 

‘‘(B) planning or policies related to the launch, reentry, 

operation, or activity under subparagraph (A). 

‘‘(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—The following activities are 

not space activities the Government carries out for the Government under paragraph (1): 

51 USC 50919. 

51 USC 50908. 

51 USC 50907. 

51 USC 50905. 

51 USC 50904. 

51 USC 50902. 


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129 STAT. 714 PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

‘‘(A) A government astronaut being carried within a 

launch vehicle or reentry vehicle under this chapter. 

‘‘(B) A government astronaut performing activities 

directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation 

of the launch vehicle or reentry vehicle under this chapter.’’. 

SEC. 113. STREAMLINE COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH ACTIVITIES. 

(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that 

eliminating duplicative requirements and approvals for commercial 

launch and reentry operations will promote and encourage the 

development of the commercial space sector. 

(b) REAFFIRMATION OF POLICY.—Congress reaffirms that the 

Secretary of Transportation, in overseeing and coordinating 

commercial launch and reentry operations, should— 

(1) promote commercial space launches and reentries by 

the private sector; 

(2) facilitate Government, State, and private sector involvement in enhancing U.S. launch sites and facilities; 

(3) protect public health and safety, safety of property, 

national security interests, and foreign policy interests of the 

United States; and 

(4) consult with the head of another executive agency, 

including the Secretary of Defense or the Administrator of 

the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as necessary to provide consistent application of licensing requirements under chapter 509 of title 51, United States Code. 

(c) REQUIREMENTS.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Transportation under 

section 50918 of title 51, United States Code, and subject to 

section 50905(b)(2)(C) of that title, shall consult with the Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of other 

executive agencies, as appropriate— 

(A) to identify all requirements that are imposed to 

protect the public health and safety, safety of property, 

national security interests, and foreign policy interests of 

the United States relevant to any commercial launch of 

a launch vehicle or commercial reentry of a reentry vehicle; 

and 

(B) to evaluate the requirements identified in subparagraph (A) and, in coordination with the licensee or transferee and the heads of the relevant executive agencies— 

(i) determine whether the satisfaction of a requirement of one agency could result in the satisfaction 

of a requirement of another agency; and 

(ii) resolve any inconsistencies and remove any 

outmoded or duplicative requirements or approvals of 

the Federal Government relevant to any commercial 

launch of a launch vehicle or commercial reentry of 

a reentry vehicle. 

(2) REPORTS.—Not later than 180 days after the date of 

enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until the Secretary of Transportation determines no outmoded or duplicative 

requirements or approvals of the Federal Government exist, 

the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the commercial space sector, 

Determination. 

Consultation. 

Evaluation. 

Consultation. 

51 USC 50918 

note. 


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PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 129 STAT. 715 

and the heads of other executive agencies, as appropriate, shall 

submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Science, Space, and 

Technology of the House of Representatives, and the congressional defense committees a report that includes the following: 

(A) A description of the process for the application 

for and approval of a permit or license under chapter 

509 of title 51, United States Code, for the commercial 

launch of a launch vehicle or commercial reentry of a 

reentry vehicle, including the identification of— 

(i) any unique requirements for operating on a 

United States Government launch site, reentry site, 

or launch property; and 

(ii) any inconsistent, outmoded, or duplicative 

requirements or approvals. 

(B) A description of current efforts, if any, to coordinate 

and work across executive agencies to define interagency 

processes and procedures for sharing information, avoiding 

duplication of effort, and resolving common agency requirements. 

(C) Recommendations for legislation that may further— 

(i) streamline requirements in order to improve 

efficiency, reduce unnecessary costs, resolve inconsistencies, remove duplication, and minimize unwarranted 

constraints; and 

(ii) consolidate or modify requirements across 

affected agencies into a single application set that 

satisfies the requirements identified in paragraph 

(1)(A). 

(3) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this subsection— 

(A) any applicable definitions set forth in section 50902 

of title 51, United States Code, shall apply; 

(B) the terms ‘‘launch’’, ‘‘reenter’’, and ‘‘reentry’’ include 

landing of a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle; and 

(C) the terms ‘‘United States Government launch site’’ 

and ‘‘United States Government reentry site’’ include any 

necessary facility, at that location, that is commercially 

operated on United States Government property. 

SEC. 114. OPERATION AND UTILIZATION OF THE ISS. 

(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that— 

(1) maximum utilization of partnerships, scientific research, 

commercial applications, and exploration test bed capabilities 

of the ISS is essential to ensuring the greatest return on 

investments made by the United States and its international 

partners in the development, assembly, and operations of that 

unique facility; and 

(2) every effort should be made to ensure that decisions 

regarding the service life of the ISS are based on the station’s 

projected capability to continue providing effective and productive research and exploration test bed capabilities. 

(b) CONTINUATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 501 of the National Aeronautics 

and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 

18351) is amended— 

(A) in the heading, by striking ‘‘THROUGH 2020’’; and 

Applicability. 

Recommendations. 


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129 STAT. 716 PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

(B) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘through at least 

2020’’ and inserting ‘‘through at least 2024’’. 

(2) MAINTENANCE OF THE UNITED STATES SEGMENT AND

ASSURANCE OF CONTINUED OPERATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL

SPACE STATION.—Section 503 of the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 

18353) is amended— 

(A) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘through at least 

September 30, 2020’’ and inserting ‘‘through at least September 30, 2024’’; and 

(B) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ‘‘In carrying out 

subsection (a), the Administrator’’ and inserting ‘‘The 

Administrator’’. 

(3) RESEARCH CAPACITY ALLOCATION AND INTEGRATION OF

RESEARCH PAYLOADS.—Section 504(d) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 

(42 U.S.C. 18354(d)) is amended by striking ‘‘September 30, 

2020’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘at least September 

30, 2024’’. 

(4) MAINTAINING USE THROUGH AT LEAST 2024.—Section 

70907 is amended to read as follows: 

‘‘§ 70907. Maintaining use through at least 2024 

‘‘(a) POLICY.—The Administrator shall take all necessary steps 

to ensure that the International Space Station remains a viable 

and productive facility capable of potential United States utilization 

through at least September 30, 2024. 

‘‘(b) NASA ACTIONS.—In furtherance of the policy under subsection (a), the Administrator shall ensure, to the extent practicable, 

that the International Space Station, as a designated national laboratory— 

‘‘(1) remains viable as an element of overall exploration 

and partnership strategies and approaches; 

‘‘(2) is considered for use by all NASA mission directorates, 

as appropriate, for technically appropriate scientific data gathering or technology risk reduction demonstrations; and 

‘‘(3) remains an effective, functional vehicle providing 

research and test bed capabilities for the United States through 

at least September 30, 2024.’’. 

(5) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 

(A) TABLE OF CONTENTS OF 2010 ACT.—The item relating 

to section 501 in the table of contents in section 1(b) of 

the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Authorization Act of 2010 (124 Stat. 2806) is amended 

by striking ‘‘through 2020’’. 

(B) TABLE OF CONTENTS OF CHAPTER 709.—The table 

of contents for chapter 709 is amended by amending the 

item relating to section 70907 to read as follows: 

‘‘70907. Maintaining use through at least 2024.’’. 

SEC. 115. STATE COMMERCIAL LAUNCH FACILITIES. 

(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that— 

(1) State involvement, development, ownership, and operation of launch facilities can enable growth of the Nation’s 

commercial suborbital and orbital space endeavors and support 

both commercial and Government space programs; 

51 USC 

prec. 70901. 


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PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 129 STAT. 717 

(2) State launch facilities and the people and property 

in the affected launch areas of those facilities may be subject 

to risks resulting from an activity carried out under a license 

under chapter 509 of title 51, United States Code; and 

(3) to ensure the success of the commercial launch industry 

and the safety of the people and property in the affected launch 

areas of those facilities, States and State launch facilities should 

seek to take proper measures to protect themselves, to the 

extent of their potential liability for involvement in launch 

services or reentry services, and compensate third parties for 

possible death, bodily injury, or property damage or loss 

resulting from an activity carried out under a license under 

chapter 509 of title 51, United States Code, to which the State 

or State launch facility is involved in the launch services or 

reentry services. 

(b) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 

of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee 

on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 

Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 

Representatives a report on the potential inclusion of all government property, including State and municipal property, in the 

existing indemnification regime established under section 50914 

of title 51, United States Code. 

SEC. 116. SPACE SUPPORT VEHICLES STUDY. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the 

Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 

and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 

of Representatives a report on the use of space support vehicle 

services in the commercial space industry. 

(b) CONTENTS.—This report shall include— 

(1) the extent to which launch providers rely on such services as part of their business models; 

(2) the statutory, regulatory, and market barriers to the 

use of such services; and 

(3) recommendations for legislative or regulatory action 

that may be needed to ensure reduced barriers to the use 

of such services if such use is a requirement of the industry. 

SEC. 117. SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM UPDATE. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 701 is amended— 

(1) in the heading by striking ‘‘SPACE SHUTTLE’’ and 

inserting ‘‘SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM’’; 

(2) in section 70101— 

(A) in the heading, by striking ‘‘space shuttle’’ and 

inserting ‘‘space launch system’’; and 

(B) by striking ‘‘space shuttle’’ and inserting ‘‘space 

launch system’’; 

(3) by amending section 70102 to read as follows: 

‘‘§ 70102. Space launch system use policy 

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Space Launch System may be used 

for the following circumstances: 

‘‘(1) Payloads and missions that contribute to extending 

human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and substantially benefit from the unique capabilities of the Space Launch System. 

51 USC 70101. 

51 USC 

prec. 70101. 

Recommendations. 

Deadline. 

Reports. 


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129 STAT. 718 PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

‘‘(2) Other payloads and missions that substantially benefit 

from the unique capabilities of the Space Launch System. 

‘‘(3) On a space available basis, Federal Government or 

educational payloads that are consistent with NASA’s mission 

for exploration beyond low-Earth orbit. 

‘‘(4) Compelling circumstances, as determined by the 

Administrator. 

‘‘(b) AGREEMENTS WITH FOREIGN ENTITIES.—The Administrator 

may plan, negotiate, or implement agreements with foreign entities 

for the launch of payloads for international collaborative efforts 

relating to science and technology using the Space Launch System. 

‘‘(c) COMPELLING CIRCUMSTANCES.—Not later than 30 days after 

the date the Administrator makes a determination under subsection 

(a)(4), the Administrator shall transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives written notification of the Administrator’s intent to select the Space Launch System 

for a specific mission under that subsection, including justification 

for the determination.’’; 

(4) in section 70103— 

(A) in the heading, by striking ‘‘SPACE SHUTTLE’’ and 

inserting ‘‘SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM’’; and 

(B) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘space shuttle’’ each 

place it appears and inserting ‘‘space launch system’’; and 

(5) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘§ 70104. Definition of Space Launch System 

‘‘In this chapter, the term ‘Space Launch System’ means the 

Space Launch System authorized under section 302 of the National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 

(42 U.S.C. 18322).’’. 

(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 

(1) TABLE OF CHAPTERS.—The table of chapters of title 

51 is amended by amending the item relating to chapter 701 

to read as follows: 

‘‘701. Use of space launch system or alternatives .............................................70101’’. 

(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS OF CHAPTER 701.—The table of 

contents of chapter 701 is amended— 

(A) in the item relating to section 70101, by striking 

‘‘space shuttle’’ and inserting ‘‘space launch system’’; 

(B) in the item relating to section 70102, by striking 

‘‘Space shuttle’’ and inserting ‘‘Space launch system’’; 

(C) in the item relating to section 70103, by striking 

‘‘space shuttle’’ and inserting ‘‘space launch system’’; and 

(D) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘70104. Definition of Space Launch System.’’. 

(3) REQUIREMENT TO PROCURE COMMERCIAL SPACE

TRANSPORTATION SERVICES.—Section 50131(a) of chapter 51 is 

amended by inserting ‘‘or in section 70102’’ after ‘‘in this section’’. 

51 USC 50131. 

51 USC 

prec. 70101. 

51 USC 

prec. 10101. 

51 USC 70104. 

51 USC 70103. 

Deadline. 

Determination. 

Notification. 


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PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 129 STAT. 719 

TITLE II—COMMERCIAL REMOTE 

SENSING 

SEC. 201. ANNUAL REPORTS. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter III of chapter 601 is amended 

by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘§ 60126. Annual reports 

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall submit a report to the 

Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 

and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 

of Representatives not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act, 

and annually thereafter, on— 

‘‘(1) the Secretary’s implementation of section 60121, 

including— 

‘‘(A) a list of all applications received in the previous 

calendar year; 

‘‘(B) a list of all applications that resulted in a license 

under section 60121; 

‘‘(C) a list of all applications denied and an explanation 

of why each application was denied, including any information relevant to the interagency adjudication process of 

a licensing request; 

‘‘(D) a list of all applications that required additional 

information; and 

‘‘(E) a list of all applications whose disposition exceeded 

the 120 day deadline established in section 60121(c), the 

total days overdue for each application that exceeded such 

deadline, and an explanation for the delay; 

‘‘(2) all notifications and information provided to the Secretary under section 60122; and 

‘‘(3) a description of all actions taken by the Secretary 

under the administrative authority granted by paragraphs (4), 

(5), and (6) of section 60123(a). 

‘‘(b) CLASSIFIED ANNEXES.—Each report under subsection (a) 

may include classified annexes as necessary to protect the disclosure 

of sensitive or classified information. 

‘‘(c) SUNSET.—The reporting requirement under this section 

terminates effective September 30, 2020.’’. 

(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of chapter 

601 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 

60125 the following: 

‘‘60126. Annual reports.’’. 

SEC. 202. STATUTORY UPDATE REPORT. 

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 

Act, the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the heads 

of other appropriate Federal agencies and the National Oceanic 

and Atmospheric Administration’s Advisory Committee on Commercial Remote Sensing, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 

Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 

Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 

a report on statutory updates necessary to license private remote 

sensing space systems. In preparing the report, the Secretary shall 

Consultation. 

51 USC 

prec. 60101. 

Notifications. 

Lists. 

51 USC 60126. 


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129 STAT. 720 PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

take into account the need to protect national security while 

maintaining United States private sector leadership in the field, 

and reflect the current state of the art of remote sensing systems, 

instruments, or technologies. 

TITLE III—OFFICE OF SPACE 

COMMERCE 

SEC. 301. RENAMING OF OFFICE OF SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION. 

(a) CHAPTER HEADING.— 

(1) AMENDMENT.—The heading for chapter 507 is amended 

by striking ‘‘COMMERCIALIZATION’’ and inserting ‘‘COMMERCE’’. 

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The item relating to 

chapter 507 in the table of chapters for title 51 is amended 

by striking ‘‘Commercialization’’ and inserting ‘‘Commerce’’. 

(b) DEFINITION OF OFFICE.—Section 50701 is amended by 

striking ‘‘Commercialization’’ and inserting ‘‘Commerce’’. 

(c) RENAMING.—Section 50702(a) is amended by striking 

‘‘Commercialization’’ and inserting ‘‘Commerce’’. 

SEC. 302. FUNCTIONS OF THE OFFICE OF SPACE COMMERCE. 

Section 50702(c) is amended by striking ‘‘Commerce.’’ and 

inserting ‘‘Commerce, including— 

‘‘(1) to foster the conditions for the economic growth and 

technological advancement of the United States space commerce 

industry; 

‘‘(2) to coordinate space commerce policy issues and actions 

within the Department of Commerce; 

‘‘(3) to represent the Department of Commerce in the 

development of United States policies and in negotiations with 

foreign countries to promote United States space commerce; 

‘‘(4) to promote the advancement of United States 

geospatial technologies related to space commerce, in cooperation with relevant interagency working groups; and 

‘‘(5) to provide support to Federal Government organizations working on Space-Based Positioning Navigation, and 

Timing policy, including the National Coordination Office for 

Space-Based Position, Navigation, and Timing.’’. 

TITLE IV—SPACE RESOURCE 

EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION 

SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE. 

This title may be cited as the ‘‘Space Resource Exploration 

and Utilization Act of 2015’’. 

SEC. 402. TITLE 51 AMENDMENT. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle V is amended by adding at the 

end the following: 

51 USC 

prec. 51301. 

51 USC 10101 

note. 

Space Resource 

Exploration and 

Utilization Act of 

2015. 

51 USC 50702. 

51 USC 50701. 

51 USC 

prec. 10101. 

51 USC 

prec. 50701. 


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PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 129 STAT. 721 

‘‘CHAPTER 513—SPACE RESOURCE COMMERCIAL 

EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION 

‘‘Sec. 

‘‘51301. Definitions. 

‘‘51302. Commercial exploration and commercial recovery. 

‘‘51303. Asteroid resource and space resource rights. 

‘‘§ 51301. Definitions 

‘‘In this chapter: 

‘‘(1) ASTEROID RESOURCE.—The term ‘asteroid resource’ 

means a space resource found on or within a single asteroid. 

‘‘(2) SPACE RESOURCE.— 

‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘space resource’ means 

an abiotic resource in situ in outer space. 

‘‘(B) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘space resource’ includes 

water and minerals. 

‘‘(3) UNITED STATES CITIZEN.—The term ‘United States citizen’ has the meaning given the term ‘citizen of the United 

States’ in section 50902. 

‘‘§ 51302. Commercial exploration and commercial recovery 

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The President, acting through appropriate 

Federal agencies, shall— 

‘‘(1) facilitate commercial exploration for and commercial 

recovery of space resources by United States citizens; 

‘‘(2) discourage government barriers to the development 

in the United States of economically viable, safe, and stable 

industries for commercial exploration for and commercial 

recovery of space resources in manners consistent with the 

international obligations of the United States; and 

‘‘(3) promote the right of United States citizens to engage 

in commercial exploration for and commercial recovery of space 

resources free from harmful interference, in accordance with 

the international obligations of the United States and subject 

to authorization and continuing supervision by the Federal 

Government. 

‘‘(b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the President shall submit to Congress a 

report on commercial exploration for and commercial recovery of 

space resources by United States citizens that specifies— 

‘‘(1) the authorities necessary to meet the international 

obligations of the United States, including authorization and 

continuing supervision by the Federal Government; and 

‘‘(2) recommendations for the allocation of responsibilities 

among Federal agencies for the activities described in paragraph (1). 

‘‘§ 51303. Asteroid resource and space resource rights 

‘‘A United States citizen engaged in commercial recovery of 

an asteroid resource or a space resource under this chapter shall 

be entitled to any asteroid resource or space resource obtained, 

including to possess, own, transport, use, and sell the asteroid 

resource or space resource obtained in accordance with applicable 

law, including the international obligations of the United States.’’. 

Recommendations. 

President. 

51 USC 51302. 

51 USC 51301. 


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129 STAT. 722 PUBLIC LAW 114–90—NOV. 25, 2015 

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 2262: 

HOUSE REPORTS: No. 114–119 (Comm. on Science, Space, and Technology). 

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 161 (2015): 

May 21, considered and passed House. 

Nov. 10, considered and passed Senate, amended. 

Nov. 16, House concurred in Senate amendment. 

Æ 

(b) TABLE OF CHAPTERS.—The table of chapters for title 51 

is amended by adding at the end of the items for subtitle V the 

following: 

‘‘513. Space resource commercial exploration and utilization ............................51301’’. 

SEC. 403. DISCLAIMER OF EXTRATERRITORIAL SOVEREIGNTY. 

It is the sense of Congress that by the enactment of this 

Act, the United States does not thereby assert sovereignty or sovereign or exclusive rights or jurisdiction over, or the ownership 

of, any celestial body. 

Approved November 25, 2015. 

51 USC 

prec. 10101. 


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