### February 15, 2012 

# Product Stewardship

Jim Chapman 

### Bayer MaterialScience LLC2 

# Overview

• What is Product Stewardship

• Basic Polyurethane Chemistry



## • Physical Properties of Isocyanates

• Polyurethane Products



## • Polyurethane and Raw Material Growth3 

# What is Product Stewardship?

Product Development

Manufacture Disposal

Distribution Use 

### Product



### Life

- Cycle4 

# What is Product Stewardship

A product stewardship program encompasses environmental, safety and health issues

• Environmental

- Chemical spills or leaks, emissions, disposal, etc.

• Safety

- Working with raw materials and hot products; moving, storing, and transporting chemicals, etc.



### • Health

- Worker protection, chemical health effects, understanding worker risks, etc.5 

# MDI, TDI and the Polyurethanes 

# Industry

• Polyurethanes are produced by reacting diisocyanates with polymers and other chemicals

Diisocyanate + Polyol Polyurethane Polymer + Heat



## • Today
, we will be discussing three types of 

## diisocyanate:

• Methylene diphenyl diisocyante (MDI)

• Polymeric MDI (PMDI)

• Toluene diisocyante (TDI)6 

# Basic Formula of MDI/PMDI

Monomeric MDI (4,4’

- isomer)

Polymeric MDI C O N CH 2 C O N7 

# Basic Formula of TDI

2,4

- isomer CH 

### 3

NCO NCO

2,6

- isomer 

### CH 3 NCO OCN8 

# Basic Isocyanate Reactions9 

# Physical Properties of MDI

Physical State Solid at Ambient Conditions Molecular weight 250 Boiling point 392 ° F (200 ° C) @ 5 mm Hg Freezing/Melting point 100 ° F (38 ° C) Varies
Specific Gravity 1.33 @ 68 ° F (20 ° C) 1.18 @ 122 ° F (50 ° C) Density 10.2 lbs/gal Vapor Pressure <10
- 5 mm Hg at 68 ° F (20 ° C) Viscosity 4.0 cps @ 68 ° F (20 ° C) Solubility in water Not soluble: reacts with the evolution of C0 2 Flash point >392 ° F (200 ° C)10 

# Physical Properties of PMDI

Physical State Liquid Molecular weight Varies
Boiling Point 410 ° F (210 ° C) @5 mm Hg Freezing/Melting Point Varies Specific Gravity 1.24 @ 68 ° F (20 ° C) Density 10.2 lbs/gal Vapor Pressure < 10
- 6 mm Hg at 68 ° F (20 ° C) Viscosity Varies Solubility in Water Not soluble: reacts with the evolution of CO 2 Flashpoint >392 ° F (200 ° C)11 

# Physical Properties of TDI

Physical State Liquid at ambient conditions Molecular Weight 174.2 Boiling Point 482F (250C) Freezing Point 72F (22C)

- 2,4 TDI 57F (14C)

- 2,4 and 2,6 (80

- 20 Mix) Specific Gravity 1.22 at 77F (25C) Density 10.2 lbs/gal Vapor Pressure 0.25 mm Hg at 77F (25C) Saturate Vapor Concentration 21.0 ppm at 77F (55C)
Viscosity 3.0 cps at 77F (25C) Solubility in Water Not soluble: reacts with the evolution of C0 2
Flash Point >295 (135C) coc Autoignition Temperature >1231F (>666C) Flammability Limits 0.9% mole to 9.5% mole in air12 

# Saturated Vapor Concentrations 

# of MDI and TDI13 

# Types of Polyurethane

Rigid Foams

• Thermal insulations of buildings refrigeration, 

### pipelines and storage
tanks

• Buoyancy aids in boats



### • Packaging

• Furniture

• Equipment housing14 

# Types of Polyurethane

Flexible Foams

• Household furniture including 

### bedding

• Automotive seating

• Cushioning for 

### diverse industrial applications

• Textile laminates15 

# Types of Polyurethane

• Integral skin, semi

- rigid and low density 

# structural foams

– Steering wheels, headrests and other automotive interior trim components

– Furniture elements

– Sports goods such as skis and surfboards16 

# Types of Polyurethane

Elastomers

• Sealants for the construction and automotive industries

• Shoe soles

• Vehicle body panels

• Rollers and gear wheels



### • Conveyors

# United States Polyurethanes Market 

# Growth 1952

- 2010

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Sales in $Billion

1718 

# Global Polyurethane Industry 

# Growth 2008

- 2010

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 2008 2009 2010 Growth in the Global PU Industry 2008

- 2010 ( Mlbs)

Asia Pacific excl China

Europe

China

NAFTA

# 2008

- 2010 Polyurethane 

# Products North America

• Total = 6,263.6 Million 

### Pounds

• The N. America PU industry has 

### experienced an average decline of 2.4% between 2008

- 

### 2010 Million Pounds

19

# NAFTA Production of PU by 

# Product Type 2010

(Reaction Injection Molding) (Thermoplastic Polyurethanes)

20

# NAFTA Isocyanate Consumption 

# by Type

– 2008

Polymeric MDI 1924 MM lbs
Pure MDI 269 MM lbs TDI 724 MM lbs

Other Isocy. 113 MM lbs

63.5%
8.9% 23.9% 3.7%



### Total Isocyanates 3030 MM lbs

21