• 

Registry No. 1128-01 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION 

FOR THE 

CAST IRON SOIL PIPE 

INDUSTRY 

AS REVISED ON AUGUST 22, 1933 

AND 

-· AS APPROVED ON SEPTEMBER 7, 1933 

BY 

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT 

I 

I - .. -

1 ·---- .. , -----

U.S. DEPOSlTO"Y 

1. Executive Order of President Roosevelt 

2. Report of Administrator 

3. Report of Deputy Administrator 

4. Text of Code 

UNITED STATES 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFI{:E 

WASHINGTON : 1933 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - - - - - - Price 5 cents 
SUBMI'I'IED BY 

CAST IRON SOIL PIPE ASSOCIATION 

(ll) 

• 
ExECUTIVE ORDER 

CODE OF FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE CAST IRON SOIL 

PIPE INDUSTRY 

An application having been duly made, pursuant to and in full 

compliance with the provi~:: ions of Titl'e I of the National Industrial 

Recovery .Act, approved June 16, 1933, for my approval of a Code 

of Fair Competition for the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Industry, and hear·· 

ings having been held thereon and the Administrator having rendered 

his report containing an analysis of the said Code of Fair Competition together with his recommendations und findings with respect 

thereto, and the Administrator having found that the said Code of 

Fair Competition complies in all respects with the pertinent provisions of Title I of said Act and that the requirements of clauses (1) 

and (2) of subsection (a) of Section 3 of the said Act have been met: 

NO\iV, THEREFORE, I , FRAKKLIN D. RoosEvELT, President of 

the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I 

of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, 

and otherwise, do approve the report and recommendations and 

adopt the findings of the Administrator und do ordor ·that the said 

Code of Fair Competition be, and it is hereby, approved. 

FRANICLIN D. ROOSEVELT. 

Approval Recommended: 

HuGH S. JoHNSON, A.d1ninistnttor. 

The \VHITE HousE, 

S eptembe1· 7, 1933. 

10228°-33 (III) 
The PRESIDENT, 

The "'YV hite House. 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADl\IINISTRATION, 

Washington, D.O., Septernber 7, 193u. 

MY DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I ha' e the honor to submit and recommend for your approval the Code of Fair Competition for the Cast 

I ron Soil Pipe Industry. The Code has been approved by the 

Labor Advisory Board, the Consumers Advisory Board, the Industrial Advisory Board, and the Legal Division. 

An analysis of the provi ions of the Code has been made by the 

Administration and a complete report is being transmitted to you. I find that the Code complies with the reqmrements of clauses 1 

and2,subsection (a) of Section 3 of the National Industrial Recovery 

Act. 

Very sincerely yours, 

HuaH S. JoHNSON Adm,inistrator. 

(Enclosure.) 

(IV) 
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 

NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION' 

1¥ ashington, D.O. 

To General I-IuoH S. JoHNSoN, Adndnutrator N.R.A. 

I herewith submit to you documents relative to the Cast-Iron Soil 

Pipe Industry. 

1. The Cast Iron Soil Pipe Code as recommended by the Deputy 

Administrator. 

2. The Report of the Deputy, explaining the Code, and giving an 

opinion as to the probable result in effectuating the purposes of 

N.I.R.A. 

3. Appendices, including Notice of Hearing, Statement of Procedure, List of Witnesses, Reports of Advisers, and Transcript of 

Hearing. 

Respectfully submitted. 

• 

H. 0. KING, Deputy Adn~inistrator. 

(V) 
REPORT OF DEPUTY 

AuousT 29, 1933. 

To the Administrator: 

I NTRODUCTION 

This is the report of the Deputy Administrator to the Adminis- trator on the apphcation for and public hearing on a Code of F air 

Competition of the Cast I ron Soil Pipe Indu try. The code was submitted to the Admini trator on J uly 22nd, 1933. 

Hearing was conducted in \Va hington on Augu t 2, 1933, and t he 

code revi eel during a rece · of this hearing and sub1nitted in its 

present form for approval. Every per on who requested an appearance was properly heard in accordance with statutory and reaulatory 

requirements. In addition to formal public notice, all known members of the inlustry were individually notified of the hearing. Only 

one firm ha entered any material objection to the code a submitted. The discount allowed to plumber have al o been que tioned. The code was pon or cl by the Ca t Iron Soil Pipe A sociation, 

repre enting over 90 % of the indu try. 

TATI TI ..ll; DATA 

The Cat Iron Soil Pipe I ncluvtry i a relatiYely small one, beina 

a pecialty grey iron foundry operation. Becan e the products of 

the indu try are used almo t exclusively in building , the industry 

has suffered from the falling off of building operation . T hi is 

indicated by a drop in tonnage from 476 000 tons in 192 to 99,000 

in 1932. Sixty percent of the tonnage is produced in southern plants 

and forty percent in northern plants. 

DATA 0~ \VAGES 

Labor rates indicate that the present rate of wages in the south is 

a low as a dollar a day for ten hours work and averages about $1.40 

a day. In the north it runs from $2.00 to $2.25 a day. Rates agreed 

on in conference betiYeen labor aclvi ors and the industry re ulted 

in a r ate of thirty-two cents an hour in the south and forty cents an 

hour in the north. The Planning and Research Division reports 

that while this is a part-time indu try at present, this increase in 

labor rates will bring the purchasing power of tho e employed up to 

approximately the level of 1929. 

However, it is impossible to absorb in this industry all employed 

in 1929, but with any reviYal in the building industry, a material 

improvement will be made. 

(VI ) 
VII 

RESUME OF CODE 

SECTION 1. Definitions.-These were carefully checked and they 

accurately limit the operation of this code to this specific industry. 

SEc. 3. llfinimu1n rate pay.-Thirty-two cents an hour in the south; 

forty cents an hour in the north. The only exemption is for learners 

during the three months' apprenticeship. 

SEc. 4. Mamimu1n lwu1•s.-Twenty-seven hours a week for foundry 

operations; forty hours a week for office. The only exceptions are 

executives, officers, and their supervisory staffs. · 

SEc. 5. In addition to the 16-year age limitation, a further limitation was agreed upon, namely, the prohibition of the employment 

of anyone under the age of 18 in foundry operations that might be 

termed hazardous. - SEc. 6. Limits the operation of productive equipment to twentyseven hours a week. Only .one objection was raised to this restriction and in view of the tremendous excess capacity of the industry, 

this appears to be a proper restriction to control overproduction. 

SEc. 7. Sets up the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Association as a fair practice agency and an agency for collecting data on the industry. Objec- tion of one manufacturer made in the hearing was withdrawn in a 

later conference. 

SEc. 8. Provides for an open price structure and filing of prices 

with the Association. No limitation is put upon the prices any firm 

may quote. It is essential to point out here that this industry, while small, 

is a part of the large plumbing goods industry and any decision here 

would have a material effect and possibly c::et a precedent for the 

whole plumbing goods industry. 

In 1888 the Master Plumbers of the United States met in Baltimore, Mel., and agreed that they would not buy from any manufacturer or wholesaler who sold direct to the consumer. 

This arrangement was particularly effective and for many years 

it was practically impossible for any consumer to buy any plumbing 

equipment from anyone but a plumber, who in turn in almost every 

case insisted on installing the equipment or making the repairs. 

About twenty-five years ago, the mail-order houses entered the 

field and a bitter fight has been waged ever since. The mail-order 

houses have made very considerable headway and in 1990 one firm is 

reported to have transacted thirty million dollars' worth of business. 

In order to obtain material and supplies, the mail-order houses 

have patronized certain concerns in each branch of the plumbing 

goods business and these concerns have in turn been to a large extent 

boycotted by the wholesalers and plumbers. 

As a result, there has developed in the plumbing goods industry 

two groups of manufacturers-one smaller group selling to mailorder houses and the other larger group selling only through the 

wholesaler and plumber. 

The Cast Iron Soil Pipe Association, dominated by those manufacturers selling through the wholesaler and plumbers, originally 

insisted on eliminating the mail-order houses, but in conference agreed 

that these concerns had definitely established a place in the industry, 

bought in large quantities, carried stocks, and were entitled to prices 
VIII 

equal to their most favored customers, buying as they did in equally 

large quantities 

At the Public Hearing no one representing the plumbers appeared 

or entered any objection. Three weeks after the public hearing over a hundred telegrams 

were sent to this Administration from organizations of plumbers 

protesting the rating of mail-order houses and demanding that the 

mail-order houses be cla sified as retailers. 

A representative group was invited to Washington to present their 

case. They insisted that mail-order houses be put in the same classification as plumbers regardless of the fact that mail-order houses 

purchased in large quantitie , carried stocks, and had a material 

investment in the e stocks. 

They advised that unle s their demands were granted they would 

flood the Administrator with telegrams from the fifteen thousand 

plumbers of the country. 

The mail-order hou B buying in large volume could ea ily set up 

wholesale plumbing clivi ion and the plumbers could gain nothing 

by having the mail-order hou es cla sified as retailers. 

Regardless of the que 'tion of the merit of mail-order merchandising, the fact are that they have established themselves in our 

economic ystem, and it '"oul<.l be unfair to di criminate again t them. 

Therefore, in pite of the threat of the plumbers, I feel that the 

price structure outlined is fair. 

SEc. 9. Provides for recommendations as to modifications of the 

code. 

SEc . 2, 10, 11, 12 13, 14, 15 and 16. No objection was made to the 

proYision of the e ection · of the code at the hearing. 

FI~DINGS 

I find that-

( a) This code complies in all respects with the pertinent provi ions 

of Title 1 of the Act, including without limitation sub ection (a) 

of Section 7 and sub ection (b) of Section 10 thereof. 

(b) TheCa t Iron Soil Pipe As ociation to be truly representative 

of th~ oil pipe industry. The Bylaws of this a sociation provide no 

inequitablo restrictions to membership. 

(c) The code is not de i aned to promote monopolies or to Bliminate 

or oppres mall enterprises and will not operate to discriminate 

against them and will tend to effectuate the policy of Title I of the 

N a.tional Industrial Recovery Act. 

(d) The Labor, Indu trial, and Consumers' Advisory Boards are 

fully satisfied with the code as now presented. The Legal Department ha checked it as to form and has approved it. 

The Cast Iron Soil Pipe Association has shown a very cooperative 

c::pirit during the ubmi ion and re-vision of this code and has revised 

it in accordance with the suggestions of the various advisory boards 

an l has withdrawn provi ions originally asked for to "hich serious 

objection wa made. I believe it will fairly and honorably administer the code. 

I recommend, therefore, that the code be approved. Re"pectfully ubmitted. 

H . 0. KrNo, Deputy Administrator. 
NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION C 0 DE 0 F 

FAIR COMPETITION FOR THE CAST IRON SOIL PIPE 

INDUSTRY 

AS REVISED AND SUBMITTED TO THE ADMINISTRATOR, AUGUST 

22, 1933 

To effectuate the policy of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, during the period of emergency, by reducing and 

relieving unemployment, improving standards of labor, eliminating 

competitive practices destructive to the interests of the public; 

rehabilitating the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Industry, and by increasing 

the consumption of industrial and agricultural production by increasing purchasing power, and in other respects, the following provisions are established as a Code of Fair Competition for the Cast 

Iron Soil Pipe Industry: 

1. (a) The term" association:' as u eel herein means the Cast Iron 

Soil Pipe Association. • 

(b) The term "cast-iron soil pipe" as used herein means pipe used 

for carrying soil and liquid waste matter from plumbing fixtures 

of buildings into the main sewer system, also for ventilating purposes 

in connection with plumbing systems within buildings, and for 

carrying other liquids where not under pressure. It is manufactured 

in lengths of five (5) feet only, and in diameter ranging from 

2 inches to 15 inches, with a wall thickness of lj8 inch to -la inch. 

Soil pipe i manufactured from pig iron and scrap iron by casting 

horizontally in green sand molds and green sand cores-by the handramming stripping-plate methods. Its process of manufacture and 

nse is not comparable with cast-iron pre sure pipe, which is manufactured in 'length of six (6) to eighteen (18) feet by the "pit 

cast " and " centrifugal " methods, and ranges in diameter from two 

{2) to ninety-six (96) inches, and is used for carrying liquids and 

gas under pressure. 

(c) The terms "fittings and plumbers' cast-iron specialties" as 

used herein means cast-iron soil-pipe fittings and cast-iron service, 

valve, roadway and meter boxes, and other cast-iron specialties used 

in connection with plumbing systems within and outside of buildings, but not including plumbing fixtures and valves. 

(d) For the purpose of this Code the wholesaler of plumbing 

supplies is defined but without limitation as an individual, partnership, corporation, or other entity, who has a substantial investment 

in his bu iness, who buys in bulk quantities, maintains a warehouse, 

and a sufficiently complete stock of plumbing supplies to meet all 

nonnal requirements, who~e major business is selling to contractors, 

retailers, or others who purchase for re elling and who maintain 

complete office, sales, and delivery service, and who does not perform directly or indirectly the functions of a contractor. 

(1) 
2 

(e) For the purpose of this Code a plumber is defined as one 

who repairs or installs plumbing equipment of every character, who 

purchases plumbing supplies for installation or for resale as per onal 

property. 

(f) For the purpose of this Code a "Direct-to-you" or "Mail 

Order House" is defined as an individual, partnership, corporation, 

or other entity who has a substantial investment in his business, 

who buys in bulk quantities, who maintains a warehouse and a sufficiently complete stock of plumbing fixtures to meet all normal requirements, whose major business is selling to the consumer. 

(g) Wherever th word "industry" appears in this Code it means 

the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Indu try. · 

2. This Code hall be in effect commencing the fir t :Monday following its approval by the President. 

3. (a) On and after the ffective date, the minimum wages that 

shall be paid by employers in the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Industry to 

any of their employee , except learners during a three months' apprenticeship, shall be at the rate of thirty-two (32) cents per hour 

for common labor when employed in the South and at the rate of 

forty cents (40) per hour for common labor when employed in the 

Eastern, Western, and Pacific Coa t ections of the United States. 

(b) For the purpose of this Code the South compri es the territory South of the Ohio and Potomac Riv r and Ea t of the Missis ippi River. 

(c) For the puq_.ose of the Code the Eastern, \Vestern, and Pa ific 

Coast ections comprise the balance of the United States. 

4. (a) On and after the effective date twenty-seven (27) hours 

will be the maximum hours of labor per week except a hereinbelow 

provided. 

(b) The maximum hours for clerks, bookkeepers, and stenog- raphers hall be forty hours per week, not exceeding eight hours in 

any one day. 

(c) Executive officers and their supervisory staff are excluded 

from any of the provisions relating to maximum hours, as provided 

in this Section 4. 

5. On and after the effective elate employers in the Cast Iron Soil 

Pipe Indu try shall not employ any minor under the age of sixteen 

years, provided that no person under the age of eighteen years hall 

be employed in any foundry operation that might be termed hazardous, and provided further that where a State law specifies a higher 

minimum age no person below the age so specified shall be employed 

within that State. 

6. On and after the effective date members of the Cast lron Soil 

Pipe Industry shall not operate productive equipment in said industry for more than twenty-seven hours per week or a schedule of hours 

greater than is provided in the Code for Labor. 

7. vVith a view to keeping the President of the United States and 

the Administrator informed as to the observance or nonobservance 

of this Code of Fair Competition, and as to whether the Cast Iron 

Soil Pipe Industry is taking appropriate steps to effectuate tl;_e 

declared policy of the National Industrial Recovery Act, every 

person engaged in the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Industry will furnish 
3 

duly certified reports in substance as follows, and in such form as 

may hereinafter be provided : 

(a) Monthly report of the number of people employed, showing increase or decrease, the num.ber of m~n hours worked per d.ay, 

classification and rates of pay, together with any changes occurrmg 

during the month. 

(b) Monthly report of production of cast-iron soil pipe a11d 

fittings and plumbers' cast-iron specialties. 

(c) Monthly report of shipments of cast-iron soil pipe and fittings 

and plumbers' cast-iron specialties. 

(d) Monthly report of total inventory of finished goods. 

(e) Monthly report of unfilled orders. 

(f) Monthly report of delinquent accounts. The Cast-Iron Soil Pipe Association, or successor associations, the 

applicant herein, is her~by constituted the agency to c?lle:t. and 

receive such reports. It Is understood, however, that the Individual 

reports of each n1anufacturer shall be kept confidential and shall 

not be disclosed to any other member of the industry. 

8. To effectuate the policy of Title I of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act and subject to the approval of the Administrator, the 

method of selling cast-iron soil pipe, fittings, and plumbers' cast-iron 

specialties shall conform to the specimen unifonn sales contracts 

for the various classes of purchasers-,vhole ·alers, plumbers, " Direct-to-You" or "Mail Order House", and municipal and Federal 

governments-copies of which are shown in Appendix A attached. 

9. To further effectuate the policies of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Association, the applicant 

herein, or such successor association as may hereafter be constituted 

by the action of the Cast-Iron Soil Pipe Manufacturers, and three 

persons without vote, appointed by the President of the United 

States, shall constitute an agency to cooperate with the Administrator as a planning and fair practice agency for the Cast-Iron Soil 

Pipe Industry. Such persons appointed by the President shall at 

all times have access to all records of the As ociation. Such ao·ency 

may from time to time present to the Administrator recommendations based on conditions in the industry as they may develop from 

time to time which ·will tend to effectuate the operation of the provisions of this Code and the policies of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, and in particular along the following lines : 

(a) Recommendations us to the requirement.· by the Adminish·ator of such further reports from persons engaged in the Cast-Iron 

Soil Pipe Industry, of statistical information and keeping of uniform accounts as may be required to secure the proper ob erYance 

of the Code and promote the proper balancing of production and 

consumption, and the stabilization of the industry and employment. 

(b) Recommendations for dealing with any inequalities that rnay 

other·wise arise to endanger the tability of the industry and of production and employment. Such recommendations, when approve<! 

by the President of the United States, shall have the same force and 

effoct as any other provisions of this Code. Such agency is also set 

up to cooperate with the Administrator in making investio·utions as 

to the functioning and obserYance of any of the provisions of this 
4 

Code, at its own instance or on complaint of any person affected, and 

to I'eport the same to the Administrator. 

10. If formal complaint is made to the Cast-Iron Soil Pipe Association that the provi ions of this Code have been violat€d by any 

employer the Planning and Fair Practice Agency provided for in 

section 9 hall investio·ate the facts and to that end may cause such 

examination or audit to be made as may be necessary. 

11. For all purposes of the Code the acts de cribed as follows 

shall constitute unfair methods of competition: 

(a) Selling or offering to sell any products of the Cast-Iron Soil- Pipe Indu try with intent to deceive purcha ers or pro pective purchasers a. to the quantity, quality, size, gra le, weight, or substance 

of such product. 

(b) The a ceptance of orders for large quantities of pipe, fittings, 

or plumbers' ca t-iron pecialties by manufacturers except for a 

specific building operation and then making small deliveries at 

quantity prices for the purpose and with the effect of eli criminating 

between purchasers. 

(c) \Vithholding from or inserting in the invoice fact which 

make the invoice a fal e record, wholly or in part of the transaction represented on the face thereof and of the payment or allow- ance of ecret rebates, refun ls, credit , unearned discount , whether 

in the form of money or otherwise; or the exten ion to certain purcha ers of ·ervice · or privileges not extended to all purchasers under 

like conditions. 

(d) To ell any product below the rea on able co t of uch product. 

For thi purpo e co t is lefined as the co. t of direct labor plus the 

cost of material plus an adequate amount of overhead, in luding an 

amount for the use of any plant facilitie employed as determined 

by co. t- accounting method recognized in th e ind u try (and a p- . proved by the agency established in paragraph IX, surra). 

(e) Quoting a total or lump-sum price on any chedule of pipe, 

fitting , an l plumbers' ca t-iron specialtie which doe. not how unit 

prices generally conceals confidential preferentials and re ults in 

most instances in fraud in the substitution of products of inferior 

quality, grade, weight, style, or size, which is detrimental to the 

intere t of the public and the indu try, and any addition or deduction on any other basis than the unit price shown is price discrimination. 

(f) The sale of pipe fittings, and plumbers' cast-iron specialties 

to dealers of one class at a price identical with the price established 

for dealers of another cla s. 

12. Beginning with the effective date of this Code no member of 

the industry shall make or enter into any agreeme~t or cont:act the 

effect of which will amount to the sale and/ or dehvery of pipe and 

fittings on consignment. 

13. Each manufacturer shall, within seven (7) day after the effective date of the Code, file with the. As oci_ati~n a list sh<?wing the 

list price and basic discounts for cast-Iron s01l pipe and fittings; and 

from and after the expiration of such seven (7). d~ys su~h mem~rs 

shall at all times maintain on file with the Assocwt10n a hst showing 

the list prices and basic discounts for all their pipe and fittings. and 
5 

shall not make any change in such list prices and/or basic discounts 

except as herein provided. Each such list shall state the date upon 

which it shall become effective, which date shall be not less than ten 

(10) days after the date of filing such list with the Association. 

None of the list prices and/ or basic discounts shown in any list filed 

by any member of the Code as herein provided shall be changed 

except by the filing by such member with the Association of a new 

list of its list prices and/ or basic discounts which shall become effective on the effective date therein specified, which shall not be less than 

ten (10 days after the date on which such new list prices and/ or 

basic discounts shall have been so filed. Departure from the prices 

so published as herein provided shall constitute an unfair practice. 

List prices filed with the Association pursuant to this section shall be 

communicated promptly to all members at exactly the same time and 

in like manner. 

14. Membership in the Associ_ation shall be extended to manufacturers of cast-iron soil pipe, fittings, and plumbers' cast-iron specialties-to any person, partnership, corporation, or other entity in 

the Cast-Iron Soil Pipe Industry who accepts his share of the cost 

and responsibility therefor and agrees to abide by the rules therefor; 

provided, however, that there shall be no inequitable restrictions 

placed upon membership in the association. 

15. (a) This Code and all provisions thereof are expressly made 

subject to the right of the President, in accordance with the provision of Clause 10 (b) of the National Industrial Recovery Act, from 

time to time to cancel or modify any order, approval, license, rule, 

or regulation, issued under Title I of said Act, and specifically to 

the right of the President to cancel or modify his approval of this 

Code or any conditions imposed by him upon his approval thereof. 

(b) Such of the provisions of this Code as are not required to be 

included therein by the National Industrial Recovery Act may, with 

the approval of the President, be modified or eliminated as changes 

in the circumstances or experience may indicate. It is contemplated 

that from time to time supplem.entary provisions to this Code or 

additional codes will be submitted for the approval of the President to prevent unfair competition in price and other unfair and 

destructive competitive practices and to effectuate the other purposes 

and policies of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act con- sistent with the provisions thereof. 

16. Employers in the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Industry shall comply 

with the requirements of Section 7 (a) of the National Industrial 

Recovery Act, as follows : 

"That employees shall have the right to organize and bargain 

. collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall 

be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers 

of labor or their agents in the designation of such representative or 

self-organization, or in other concerted activities for the purpose of 

collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection; that no 

employee and no one seeking employment shall be required as a 

condition of employment to join any union or to refrain from joining, organizing, or assisting a labor organization of his own choosing ; 

and that employers shall comply with the maximum hours of labor, 
6 

minimum rate of pay, and other conditions of employment approved 

or prescribed by the President." 

ALABAMA PIPE CoMPANY, 

ANNISTON SoiL PIPE CoMPANY, 

ANNISTON FouNDRY Col\rPANY, 

BE El\IER SoiL PirE · WORKS, 

B FFALO PIPE & Fo .J.TDRY CoRPORATION, 

CENTRAL FouNDRY Col\rP ANY, 

CnARLOTTE PIPE & FOUNDRY CouPAN Y, 

Cnow PIPE & Fo NDRY Col\rPANY, 

EASTER_ FouNDRY CoMPANY, 

EAST PENN F 0 NDRY Ol\IP ANY' 

E sEx FouNDRY CoMPANY, 

GosLIN-BIRl\IINGHA~r :MFG. CoMPANY, 

HAJOCA CoRPORATION, 

INTER TATE Fo NDRY CoMPANY, 

JAKES F o u ~-DRY Ol\IP ANY' 

J. D. JoHNSON CoMPA.J.TY, 

KILBY PIPE CoMPANY, 

MEDINA Fo KDRY o:nrPANY, 

l\1EDINA InoN & BnA Col\rPANY, 

NATIONAL FouNDRY Co. OF N.Y., PACIFIC STATE CA T IRON PIPE 

CoMPANY, 

R DISTILL FouNDRY C rPANY, 

READING Fo NDRY & P. ouPANY, 

SoMERVILLE IRON vV ORK ' 

SouTHERN PIPE & FouNDRY Col\rPANY 

SALEl\1 BRAss & IRoN l\fFG. CoMPANY, 

STRING En Bno . CoMPANY, 

SANITARY PIPE Col\fPANY, 

SouTHERN PIPE & Fo NDRY Co., 

INc., 

SANITAnY Col\fPANY OF AMERICA 

WETTER PIPE CoMPANY, 

WALWORTH ALABAMA CoMPANY, 

A. "\VEISKITTEL & SoN CoMPANY, 

HARRY C. "\VEISKI'ITEL CoMPANY. 

0 

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 

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