Parallel Session 

Next Steps for the FCEV Learning Demonstration Project

Keith WiJennifer RamsdeRamsde

AinscouSaur 

F b F

e

bruary 

Fuel CelEnergy CWashingNREL/PR-56

This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricte

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alli

v8
Outline

• Project Goals• V hi l d H Vehicle and H St ti D l t St t 2 Station Deployment Status

• Critical Performance Compared to Targets

• Highlights of Latest Vehicle and Infrastructu

Highlights of Latest Vehicle and Infrastructu

Analysis Results and Progress

• Learning Demo Next Steps

• Highlights of Partner Activities • Summary

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2 
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Learning 

Projj , , 

ect Objectives

, Relevance

, and 

• Objectives

– Validate H

2 FC Vehicles and Infrastructure in P

– Identify Current Status and Evolution of the Te

• Relevance

– Objectively Assess Progress Toward Technolo– Provide Feedback to H

2 Research and Develo

Performance Measure 2009 2015F l C ll St k D bilit 2000 hours 5000 hours

Key Targets

Fuel C

ell Stac

k

Durabilit

y 2000 hours 5000 hours

Vehicle Range 250+ miles 300+ milesHydrogen Cost at Station $3/gge $2-3/gge

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 3 

Burbank, CA station

Note: Project extended 2 years through 2011
Two Teams Concluded Their Projec

Three are Continuin

g g throu

gh 2011

Ford/BP and Chevron/Hyundai-Kia Conclude

Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 

Daimler, GM, and Air Products Continue to De

Vehicles/Stations within Project throu

gh 

G 1

Gen 1

j g

Gen 

1

Gen 2

Gen 2

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 4 

(
Vehicle Status: All 350 bar Vehicles 

Onl

y g 700 bar Vehicles Continuin

g

160 

ed1

Vehicle Deployment by On-Board Hydrogen Stora

700 b

d

22 veh

13

120 140 

oyed/Retire700

bar on-roa

d

350 bar on-roadLiquid H2 on-road700 bar retired350 bar retired

6080 

100 

icles DeploLiquid H2 retired

20 40 60

ulative Veh

- Cum 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 

(1) Retired vehicles have left DOE fleet and are no longer providing data to NREL(2) Two project teams concluded in Fall/Winter 2009 Created Sep-07-2010 8:43 AM

NREL CDP25 
Fueling Station Status: Stations that Con

Operate are Mostly Delivered Compresse

10

Learning Demonstration Hydrogen Station

7894567

tationsOperating Ou

Operating WitHistorical 200

1234

# of StHistorical 200

01

Delivered Compressed 

H2

Natural Gas On-Site 

Reforming

On-Site Electrolysis 

St ti T

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 6 

St

ation 

Type

NREL CDP32

Created Aug-24-10 4:05pm *Some project teams concluded Fall/Winter 2009. Markersshow the cumulative stations operated du
Out of 24 Project Stations, 15 Are Still O

(2/3 outside of DOE project)

SF Bay Area 

10

2025

ons

Cumulative Stations

Continuing Outside of ProjectRetired StationsCurrent Project Stations 10

5

9

05

1015

Number of Statio

95

3

Reporting Period NREL CDP31 Created Aug-24-10 4:05pm

56

Los Angeles Area

D

Legend C tP j t

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 7 

Feb-3-2011

15

Current ProjectContinuing OutsideOther
Project Achieved Both Technical G

Outside Anal

ysis Used for Cost Eva

Vehicle Performance Metrics Gen 1 Vehicle Gen 2 Vehicle Fuel Cell Stack Durability 

Max Team Projected Hours to 

10% Voltage Degradation 1807 hours 2521 hours

Average Fuel Cell Durability Projection 821 hours 1062 hours

Max Hours of O

peration 2375 h 1261

h by a Single FC Stack to Date 2375

hours 1261

hours

Driving Range 103-190 miles 196-254 miles 

Fuel Economy (Window Sticker) 42 – 57 mi/kg 43 – 58 mi/kg 

Fuel Cell Efficiency at 1⁄4 Power 51 - 58% 53 - 59

% 

Fuel Cell Efficiency at Full Power 30 - 54% 42 - 53

% 

Infrastructure Performance Metrics H2 Cost at Station (early market)

On-site natural gas 

reformation

$7.70 - $10.30

On-site 

Electrolysis 

$10.00 - $12.90

Average H Fueling Rate 0 77 kg/min 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 8 

Average

H

2 Fueling Rate

0.77 kg/min 

Outside of this project, DOE independent panels concluded at 500 replicate station

Distributed natural gas reformation at 1500 kg/day: $2.75-$3.50/kg (2006)

Distributed electrolysis at 1500kg/day: $4.90-$5.70 (2009)
What are the Most Recent Project R

Differences Between S

p g rin

g & Fall 2

80 Spring 2010 Results

• Most comprehensive set we ever published• Includes durability range fuel economy etc

16 Fall 2010 

• No “new” CDPs, but we u

Includes durability, range, fuel economy, etc. published CDPs with data 

• Covers data from all 4 Learning Demo 

teams + CHIP project over 5 year period

• Majority of these will now stay static, serving 

as a historical record of Gen 1 & Gen 2

published CDPs with data 

• Results on most recent du

economy, not yet possible data accumulated (in 201

• Covers data from 2 Learn

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 9 

as

a historical record of Gen 1 & Gen

2

comparisons.

project

• Emphasized changes obs

through use of gray (old) a
Changes in Refueling Rate Trends: Ave

Refueling Rate Decreased 14%

1800

Histogram of Fueling Rates

Vehicle and Infrastructure

 2006 MYP 2012 MYP

Th h 2

120014001600

ts5 kg in

Through 2

 After 2009

Result of avera

800

10001200

of Fueling Event

5 kg in

5 minutes 

25464 Events

Average = 0.77 kg/min

23% >1 kg/min

Result of avera

fill increasing 

average fuel

also increas

25,464 fills

400600800

Number o 5 kg in 3 minutes

1730 Events

Average = 0.66 kg/min

3% >1 kg/min

1,730 fills

0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 

0

200400 g

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 10 

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 

NREL cdp_fcev_18 Avg Fuel Rate (kg/min)

Created: Sep-15-10 9:34 AM
Real-World Driving Range Between Refu

Continues to Improve as Demonstration 

Distance Driven Between Refuelings: All OEMs

 Gen1

10

elings

 Refuelings 

1 = 18941

 Median distance between refuelings = 56 Miles Gen2 Refuelings1 = 6870 Median distance between refuelings = 81 Miles +45% 

entage of Refue Refuelings after 2009Q41 = 3185 Median distance between refue

+63% 

5

Perce

0 50 100 150 200 

0

Distance between refuelings [Miles]

2

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 11 

NREL cdp_fcev_80

1. Some refueling events are not detected/reported due to data noise or incompleteness.2. Distance driven between refuelings is indicative of driver behavior and does not represent the full range of the ve

Created: Sep-07-10 9:16 AM
Rate of Mileage Accumulation Has Decr

Last Year, But Vehicles Still Added 550,

Cumulative Vehicle Miles: All OEMs, Gen 1 and G

Through 2010 Q2

2 000 0002,250,000 2,500,000 2,750,000 3,000,000 

eled

1 000 0001,250,000 1,500,000 1,750,000 2,000,000

le Miles Trav

250,000 500,000 750,000 

1,000,000

Vehicl

-

NREL CDP24

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 12 

Created: Sep-07-10 10:10 AM

NREL CDP24
Based on Limited Number of Fuelings in Last 6 

Higher Level of Tank at Refueling Observed

Tank Levels: DOE Fleet

Median Tank Level (At Fill) = 42% Median Tank Level (At Fill) = 48% 

14%

13%

E

1. Some refueling events not recorded/detected due to data noise or incompletene2. The outer arc is set at 20% total refuelings.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 13 

NREL cdp_fcev_40

g

3. If tank level at fill was not available, a complete fill up was assumed.

Created: Sep-02-10 12:47 PM
Driving Behavior (Timing) in Last 6 

Much More Similar to National Ave

Driving by Time of Day

12

Total D

% of driving trips b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 85.3% 

Total D

% of driving trips b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 77 1% 

9%

12

% of NHTS trips b/t 6 AM & 6 PM: 81.5%

Total D

% of driving trips b/t

6 AM

&

6 PM: 77.1% 

9

3

7%

1. Driving trips between 6 AM & 6 PM

6

2. The outer arc is set at 12 % total Driving.3. Some events not recorded/detected due to data noise or incompleteness.

AM PM

2001 NHTS DASCII S 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 14 

NREL cdp_fcev_44

Created: Sep-02-10 12:48 PM

ASCII.csv So
More Weekend Driving Observed in 

Months 

– Still Much Less than Nati

25

Driving by Day of Week

2015

Trips in a Day

10

% of 

S

M

T W d Th F i 

05

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15 

Sun

Mon

Tues

W

e

d Thur

Fri 

NREL cdp_fcev_45 Day

Created: Sep-01-10 1:52 PM

2001 NHTS DASCII.csv Sou
Learning Demo Next Steps

• C tl l i J l Currently analyzing 

J

uly 

– D b 2010 d t Decem

ber 2010

d

a

t

a

• Spring 2011 CDPs published in March, presented a

May

• Publish one or two more Learning Demo CDP sets • Begin receiving fueling data from Burbank station a

Gen 1

Gen 2

Gen 2

Gen 1

Gen

2

(CHIP)

• Partners scheduled to provide data through Septem

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 16 

• Participating in many other demonstration and pre-c

activities outside of this project
Update on Continuing Partner Activ

GM 

– LOU for Hawaii Hy g dro

gen Initi

Gen 1

Gen 2

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 17 
Update on Continuing Partner Activ

Daimler 

–

F-CELL World Drive

Gen 1

Gen 2

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 18 
Update on Continuing Partner Activ

Air Products 

– 8 Stations throu

gh C

• 11 H

2 station awards announced by 

 8 new stations, 3 upgrades

(CHIP)

 Air Products planning 8 stations: 7 

– all in Southern CA

( )

 Linde planning 3 stations: 1 new, 2 

Southern CA (9) Northern 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 19 

Data from APC/UCI from both

Stations to come to NREL
Summary

• Project has completed ~6 years of validation• Vehicle operation Vehicle operation: 114 000 hours 2 87 million 

: 114,000 hours, 2.87 million 

436,000 trips

• H2 station operation: 134,000 kg produced or 

27,000 fuelings

• DOE Key Technical Targets Met: FC Durabili

• Data reporting and analysis continues throug

Data reporting and analysis continues throug

of this year

• New CA fueling p stations planned for inclusion 

NREL infrastructure analysis as they come onprovide data

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 20 
Questions and Discussion

P j t C t t K ith Wi k N ti l R bProjec

t

Con

tac

t: 

K

eith Wi

p

ke, 

N

ational Renewab

303.275.4451 keith.wipke nrel.

All public Learning Demo papers and presentations are availa

@

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 21 

All public Learning Demo papers and presentations are availa

online at http://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/proj_tech_validation.h