### NUMBER 13 - 08 - 00740 - C R 

## COURT OF APPEALS THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

____________________________________________________________ RUDY GARCIA , APPELLANT,

v. THE STATE OF TEXAS , APPELLEE.

____________________________________________________________

On Appeal from the 117 th District Court of Nueces County, Texas.

____________________________________________________________



## MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Yañez, Garza , and Benavides Memorandum Opinion by Justice Yañez Appellant, Rudy Garcia, was charged with twenty counts of aggravated sexual assault of a child and two counts of indecency with a child

. 1 A jury found Garcia not guilty of seven counts of aggravated sexual assault of a child (counts 1

- 7), guilty of

1 See T EX

. P ENAL C ODE A NN . §§ 21.11, 22.021 (Vernon 2003).2

thirteen counts of aggravated sexual assault of a child (counts 8

- 20) , and guilty of both counts of indecency with a child (counts 21

- 22). Gar cia was sentenced to twenty years‘ confinement for each count of aggravated sexual assault of a child, and ten years‘ probation for each count of indecency with a child. 2 By ten issues, Garcia claims that the trial court erroneously overruled his objectio ns to certain evidence (issues 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and in a sub

- issue to issue 9) , the trial court improperly limited his cross

examination of certain witnesses (issues 2, 6, and 9 ), and the State improperly commented on the defendant‘s right to remain silent during its closing argument (issue 10)

. 3 We affirm. 4
I. A DMISSION AND E XCLUSION OF E VIDENCE By his first, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, eighth, and ninth issues, Garcia complains that the trial court erred by overruling several of his objections to certain evidence

. Specifically, Garcia contends that the trial court erred by overruling his objection: (1) to Detec tive Michael I lse‘s testimony that ―boys do not readily share information about sexual assault ‖; (2) that the prosecutor had ―elicited responses from [Detective Ilse] regarding the defendant‘s right to remain silent‖; (3) to the admission of testimonial hearsay that allegedly violated his sixth amendment right of confrontation ; (4) to testimony fro m Jeff Carlisle; (4) to the admission of the children victims‘ videotaped

2 The trial court ordered counts 8

- 15 to run concurrent ly and counts 16

- 20 to run consecutive ly to counts 8

- 15. The trial court ordered the punishment for c ounts 21

- 22 to run concurrently with that impose for ` counts 16

- 20.

3 The State has not filed a brief in this case.

4 Because this is a memorandum opinion a nd the parties are familiar with the facts, we will not recite them here except as necessary to advise the parties of the Court‘s decision and the basic reasons for it. See T EX

. R. A PP

. P . 47.4.3

statements into evidence; and (5) to Ricardo Jimenez‘s testimony ―that a child will have more recollection now than earlier.‖ A trial court‘s decision to admit or exclude evidence i s reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard

. 5 The test to determine if the trial c ourt has abused its discretion is whether the court acted without reference to any guiding rules and principles, or if the action was arbitrary or unreasonable. 6
A. Objection to Detective I lse’s Testimony By his first issue, Garcia contends , citing only Texas Rule of Evidence 705(a), that the trial court erroneously allowed Detective I lse to state his opinion that boys ―do not readily share i nformation about sexual a ssault .‖ 7 Texas Rule of Evidence 705(a) states, ―The expert may testify in terms of opinion or inference and give the expert's reasons therefor without prior disclosure of the underlying facts or data, unless the court requires otherwise. The expert may in any event disclose on direct examination, or be required to disclose on cross

- examination, the underlying facts or data

. ‖ 8
A t trial, Garcia objected to De tective I lse‘s testimony on the basis that it was speculation and did not object pursuant to rule 705(a )

. Therefore, because Garcia‘s complaint on appeal does not comport with his objection at trial, we conclude that he has not preserved error. 9 We overrule Garcia‘s first issue.

5 Shuffield v. State , 189 S.W.3d 782, 793 (Tex. Crim. App. 2 006).

6 Lyles v. State , 850 S.W.2d 497, 502 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) (en banc).

7 See T EX

. R. E VID . 705(a).

8 Id

. 9 See T EX

. R. A PP

. P . 33.1 (requiring that a complaint be made to the trial court by a specific, timely request, objection, or motion in order to preserve error for appellate review unless the specific4

B. Right to Remain Silent By his third issue, Garcia contends that the trial court erroneously overruled his request for mistrial whe n the State allegedly elicited responses from Detective Ilse regarding the def endant‘s right to remain silent. Specifically, Garcia complains of the following: [The State]: And is it typically your practice to try to make c ontact

with the suspect of an offense? [Detective Ilse]: Yes, ma‘am. [The State]: And were you able to gather any information from him

about this? [Detective Ilse]: No, ma‘am. [The State]: Was he present at the h ome? [Detective Ilse]: Yes, he was. [Defense Counsel]: Your Honor

— [The State]: Pass the

— At this point, defense counsel approached the bench and requested a mistrial arguing that the State ‘s questioning had elicited a comment on Garcia‘s right to remain silent. The trial court denied Garcia‘s request

. In order to preserve error, the defendant must m ake a timely objection as soon as the ground for objection becomes apparent. 10 ― If a defendant fails to o bject until after an objectionable question has been asked and answered, and he can show no

grounds were apparent from the context); Wilson v. State , 71 S.W.3d 3 46, 3 49 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (―[T] he point of error on appeal must comport with the objection made at trial .‖).

10 Lagrone v. State , 942 S.W.2d 602, 618 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) (en banc)

.5

legitimate reason to justify the delay, his objection is untimely and error is waived. ‖ 11 Here, Garcia did not object to the objectionable questio ns or answers , and he has provided no reason to justify his delay in objecting. Therefore, error , if any, is waived. 12 Furthermore, to the extent that Garcia complains of the trial court‘s denial of his motion for mistrial, he has not provided a clear and concise argum ent with citation to appropriate authority. 13 Therefore, we conclude that this issue has been inadequately briefed. Accordingly, we overrule Garcia‘s third issue. C. Exclusion of Evidence By his fourth issue, Garcia contends that the trial court erroneou sly determined that he could not, on cross

- examination, ask M.G., the mother of the victims , to state the details of a prior sexual as sault she allegedly suffered as a child. Relevant evidence is evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would have been without the evidence. 14 Generally, r elevant evidence is admissible while irrelevant evidence is inadmissible. 15 Error may not be predicate d upon a ruling that excludes evidence unless a substantial right of the defendant is

11 Id.

12 See id. ; see also Wheatfall v. State , 882 S.W.2d 829, 836 (Tex. C rim. App. 1994) (en banc) ( concluding that by failing to object at trial on basis complained of on appeal, the appellant waived his complaint that the trial court improperly allowed testimony of his post

- arrest silence ); Smith v. State , 721 S.W.2d 844, 85 5 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986) ( finding that the error, if any, in allowing question s concerning appellant‘s silence after his arrest was not preserved because appellant failed to object at trial ).

13 T EX

. R. A PP

. P . 38.1(i).

14 T EX

. R. E VID . 401.

15 Id. R. 402.6

affected and ―the substance of the evidence was made known to the court by offer, or was apparent from the context which questions were asked.‖ 16
On direct

- examination, M .G. testified that she had been the victim of sexual abuse. Outside the presence of the jury, defense counsel requested that he be allowed to ask M.G. to describe in detail what happened to her when she was allegedly sexual ly abuse d . Defense counsel argu ed that the details of M.G.‘s experience were ―very similar to this allegation against . . . [Garcia], and that the kids [B.A. and M.A.] may have picked up the concept of them being assaulted through the mother and that‘s

— that‘s essential to our case.‖ De fense counsel then argued that he ―believe[d] that there‘s a boy and girl involved, herself [M.G.] and her cousin, or some other relative. There‘s a boy and girl involved. There‘s threats against her to testify. There‘s an ex

— it‘s a stepfather. A stepf ather, threats, boy and girl. It‘s

— it‘s

— it‘s almost

— it‘s almost like a carbon copy of this case.‖ The State disagreed , stating: Your Honor, if I can give you, with [M.G.] present, she was sexually abused by a stepfather. Her brother, who is much younger than her, had been placed out

— she had been placed with her grandmother after this abuse. Her brother, her younger brother, who was then living with mother and a new boyfriend was sexually abused by the boyfriend‘s cousin, not by the stepfather, not at th e same time. She wasn‘t even in the home anymore. She was already having her kids and being with the victim‘s father. There are no similarities to the type of abuse, to the situation. It wasn‘t the same step dad who abused a little boy and a little gir l. . . . The trial court denied Garcia‘s request , concluding that the details of M.G.‘s sexual abuse were not relevant because B.A. testified that M.G. did not share any details of the incident with her. 17 The trial court stated that if Garcia established a nexus between

16 I d. R.103(a)(2).

17 B.A. testified that she did not ―really know anything‖ about what happened to M.G. and that M.G. had not told her the specifics of what happened to her. On cross

- examination, B.A. stated that7

M.G.‘s sexual abuse and the offense that Garcia allegedly committed, then it would allow Garcia to question M.G. about the details. The trial court stated that Garcia could ask M.G. and t he children if M.G. had shared the details of the prior sexual assault with the children. The trial court implied that if Garcia presented evidence that M.G. shared the details with B.A. or M.A., then the proper nexus would be es tablished and Garcia would be allowed to question M.G. about the details of the sexual abuse she allegedly suffered. Garcia did not ask M.G. if she shared the details of the sexual abuse with B.A. and M.A.
A lthough the testimony may hav e been relevant to establish that M.G. ―coached‖ the children into accusing Garcia of sexual abuse by telling them the details of her sexual abuse , the trial court could have reasonably found the evidence to be irrelevant because there is no thing in the record supporting a conclusion that M.G. actually told the children any details of the alleged sexual abuse , and both B.A. and M.A. unequivocally stated that M.G. had never shared any details of that event with them

. Further, the trial court could have concluded that the e vidence was inadmissibl e under

r ule 403 because it could have determined that the probative value of the testimony regarding the details of the sexual abuse M.G. allegedly suffered was substantially outweighed by the danger of misleading the ju ry or confusion of the issues. 18 Th e trial court‘s decision to exclude the details of M.G.‘s alleged sexual abuse was within the

although M.G. informed her that she was sexually assaulted, M. G. did not state any details of the event. M.A. also testified that although M.G. told him that she had been sexually assaulted when she was a child, she did not provide any details.

18 Se e id. R. 403

.8

bounds of reasonable disagreement. 19 Therefore, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by excluding the evidence. Accordingly, we overrule Garcia‘s fourth issue.
D. Objection to Andel man’s Testimony and Videotaped Statements By his fifth issue, Garcia argues that the trial court violated his right to confront his accuser under Crawford v. Washington 20 because the trial court allowed Elizabe t h Andel man, a sexual assault nurse examiner, to state what B.A. and M.A. told her during the ir sexual a ssault examinations . Specifically, Andelman read a portion of the medical forensic examination records to the jury

. 21 By his eighth issue, Garcia contends that , under Crawford

, ―the introduction of the children‘s videotaped statements is a clear violation of the law and is error.‖
In Crawford

, t he declarant of an out
- of

- court statement , who was the defendant‘s wife, di d not testify at the defendant‘s trial after asserting the spousal privilege. 22 The trial court allowed the State to play the defendant‘s wife‘s tape
- recorded statement to

19 Shuffield

, 189 S.W.3d at 793 (― If the trial court's decision was within the bounds of reasonable disagreement, the appellate court should not disturb its ruling .‖).

20 See 541 U.S. 36 (2004).

21 When asked to ―give the [medical] history that the patient [B.A.] gave [her],‖ Andelman stated: Patient states: My step dad Rudy Garcia used to take me into the room. He said your mom told me to wipe you because of your underpants. He touched me here. He stuck his thing inside me here. Patient indicates female sexual organ by pointing and my butt. He told me not to tell my mom or anyone else. . . . When asked ―and what [medical] history did [M.A.] give [you],‖ Andelman responded: Time of incident. When I was six, seven or eight, patient states: My step dad used to force me to bend over. He would put his hand on my private. Patient indicates penis by pointing. He put his front in my bottom. He told me that if I told he would kill me. It happened more than once. When he would get out of the shower he would tell me or my sister [B.A.] to go get a towel and he would keep us in there for a long time. . . .

22 Id. at 40.9

the police describing the crime, even though the defendant had no opportunity for cross

examination

. 23 T he United States Supr eme Court concluded that the trial court had improperly allowed the admission of the wife‘s testimonial statement against the defendant

. 24 The Supreme Court held that admission of a witness ‘s testimonial
statement is a violation of the defendant‘s Sixth Amendment right of confrontation when the declarant is unavailable to testify and the defendant had no prior opportunity to

cross - examine the declarant

. 25 However, the Supreme Court stated that ―[w]hen a declarant appears for cross

- examination at trial, the Confrontation Clause places no constraint s at all on the use of his prior testimonial statements.‖ 26 In this case, we do not need to determine whether B.A.‘s and M.A.‘s statements were testimonial because b oth B.A. and M.A. testified at Garcia‘s trial and appeared f or

cross - examination. T herefore, even assuming B.A.‘s and M.A.‘s statements to Andel man and in the video were testimonial in nature , the Confrontation Clause places no constraints on the use of those prior statements. 27 We overrule Garcia‘s fifth and eighth issue s

. 28

23 Id. at 38.

24 Id. at 68.

25 Id. ; Saldana v. State , 287 S.W.3d 43, 60 (Tex. App.

– Corpus Christi 2008, pet. ref'd).

26 Crawford

, 541 U.S. at 59 n.9 (― The [Confrontation] Clause does not bar admission of a statement so long as the declarant is present at trial to defend or explain it. ‖).

27 See id. ; Gomez v. State , 183 S.W.3d 86, 90

- 91 (Tex. App.

– Tyler 2005, no pet.) (concluding that Crawford was inapplicable because the declarant testified at trial and the defendant had the opportunity to cross

- examine her); see also Cornet v. State , No. 08

- 09

- 00054

- CR , 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 4515, at * 5 (Tex. App.

– El Paso June 16, 2010 , no pet. ) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (― Accordingly, because K .M. testified at trial and was available for cross

- examination, the trial court did not violate Appellant's confrontation rights by admitting the outcry witness's testimony, the videotape interview, or the stick drawing. ‖); Veseley v. State , No. 12

- 06

- 0013 1

- CR, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 5611, at *9

- 10 (Tex. App.

– Tyler July 18, 2007, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (finding that the appellant‘s objection pursuant to Crawford was without merit because the declarant testified at the trial and wa s available for cross

- examination); Moreno v. State , No s . 13

- 03

- 00649

- CR, 13

- 03

- 00650

- CR,10

E

. Objection to Jeff Carlisle’s Testimony 29 By his seventh issue, appellant complains that the trial court erroneously overruled his objection to Carlisle‘s t estimony that in a CPS case, the department‘s findings must be supported by a preponderance of the evidence. In a multifarious argument, Garcia a lleges that admission of this testimony was improper because it invaded the province of the jury, it was impermissible hearsay, it constituted an impermissible comment on Garcia‘s right to remain silent, and it violated due process. We will address the issue as we understand it

. Garcia apparently asserts that , because CPS uses a lower standard to determine whether there has been abuse, Carlisle should not have been allowed to state that , in this case, CPS had determined there was a ―reason to believe‖ that sexu al abuse had occurred. Garcia complains of the following exchange: [The State]: So in making a ruling or a determination with regards

to this sexual abuse case, what did the department rule? [Carlisle]: Reason to believe. [The State]: And explain what t hat means to the jury, please. [Carlisle]: In our cases, it‘s

— we‘re civil so all we need is a

preponderance of the evidence versus . . .
2005 Tex. App. LEXIS 4091, at *2 (Tex. App.

– Corpus Christi May 26, 2005, pet. ref'd) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (holding Crawford inapplicable to admi ssion of outcry statements and forensic videotape interview when victim testified at trial).

28 By a sub

- issue to his eighth issue, Garcia contends that the trial court should have excluded the videotaped statements because they were inadmissible pursuant t o article 38.07 of the code of criminal procedure. Because Garcia has not provided a clear and concise argument with citation to appropriate authority, we conclude that he has waived this issue. See T EX

. R. A PP

. P. 38.1(i).

29 Carlisle testified that he is an investigator with CPS.11

[Defense Counsel]: Your Honor, I would object to this line of questioning.

She‘s asking him to invade the province of the jury and make a determination in this case. [The State]: Your Honor, I‘m asking for CPS‘s rulin g with regards

to this case and he is . . . [Trial Court]: You may speak to CPS‘s ruling and any guidelines or

things of that nature, but nothing else. [Carlisle]: Okay. [Trial Court]: Okay. [Carlisle]: Reason to believe it‘s preponderance of the evidence

that would indicate that abuse did occur. [The State]: And what do you use to base that reason to believe

finding on? [Carlisle]: Normally, it‘s ph ysical evidence, the outcry of the

children m akes [sic], i nterviews with witnesses or other family members who know the families or the victims. [The State]: So in colle cti ve gathering information and

in vestigating this particular situation, your ruling was re ason to believe that this had occurred; is that correct? [Carlisle]: Correct. Garcia did not object. When the same testimony is admitted without objection elsewhere during the trial, the defendant waives any complaint he may have had regarding the admissibility of the testimony. 30 Therefore, to the extent that Garcia

30 Lane v. State , 151 S.W.3d 188, 193 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) (―[T] o preserve error in admitting evidence, a party must make a proper objection and get a ruling on that objection. In addition, a party must object each time the inadmissible evidence is offered or obtain a running objection. An error [if any] in the admission of evidence is cured where the same evidence comes in elsewhere without objection. ‖) (citing Leday v. State , 983 S.W.2d 713, 718 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (en banc) ( ― Our rule . . . is that overruling an objection to evidence will not result in reversal when other such evidence was received without objection, either before or after the complained

- of ruling." ) ) ; Ethington v. State , 819 S.W.2d 854, 858 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991) ("[I]t is well settled that an error in admission of evidence is cured where the12

complains on appeal that the trial court erred in admitting Carlisle‘s testimony that CPS found a ―reason to believe‖ there was sexual abuse in this case, we conclude he waived
any e rror because he failed to object every time the same or like evidence was offered. 31 Furthermore, a t trial, Garcia only objected to Carlisle ‘s testimony on the basis that it invaded the province of the jury

— he did not object on the basis that i t was imperm issible hearsay, constituted an impermissible comment on Garcia‘s right to remain silent, or violated due process. Therefore, because these complaint s do not comport with Garcia‘s objection at trial, they have not been preserved for our review. 32
We overrule Garcia‘s seventh issue.
F

. Objection to Ricardo Jimenez’s Testimony By a sub

- issue to his n inth issue, Garcia, citing rule 705(a), argues only that [t]he [trial] Court allowed the State to ask questions concerning whether a child will have more recollection now rather than earlier without first qualifying the expert. No supporting data was offered, no instances of experience were garnered from the witness and the testimony was completely speculatory.[ 33 ]

same evidence comes in elsewhere without objection; defense counsel must object every time allegedly inadmissible evidence is offered.") ; see also Fuentes v. State , 991 S.W.2d 267, 273 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999) (concluding that the appellant waived any complaint to the trial court's alleged improper remarks because he did not renew his objection when the trial court repeated the complained of remarks virtually verbatim).

31 See L ane , 151 S.W.3d at 193; Ethington , 819 S.W.2d at 858

. 32 Wilson , 71 S.W.3d at 349.

33 Internal citations to the record omitted.13

Garcia has not provided a clear and concise argument with citation to appropriate authority supporting his contention ; therefore, Garcia has waived this issue

. 34 We overrule Garcia‘s sub

- issue to his ninth issue.
II

. C ROSS - E XAMINATION By his second, sixth, and ninth issues, Garci a contends that the trial court violated his right to due process of law by abrogating his right to cross

- examine the witnesses

. In his second issue, Garcia argues that the trial court refused to allow him ― to properly cross[

- ]examine Detective Ilse in re gards of the word  ̳rape

. ‘‖ Garcia complains of the following exchange: [Defense Counsel]: There was another thing you testified to. You said

that the children used the word rape. You said that they were raped

— [Detective I lse]: Yes, sir. [Defense Counsel]:

— by Rudy. [The State]: Your Honor, I would object. [Trial Cour t]: All right. You

— Mr.

— [Defense Counsel]: I‘m asking him about his experience. [Trial Court ]: I know, but nobody has said adult words , and you as

the attorney get to ask questions, but you cannot bring things before the witness that has not bee n brought out in testimony. [ 35 ] [Defense Counsel]: Yes, okay.

34 T EX

. R. A PP

. P . 38.1(i).

35 Emphasis added.14

However, Garcia‘s defense counsel then asked: ―Officer, in your experience, is the word  ̳rape‘ to describe a sexual as sault, is that an adult wor d or a child word?‖ Detective I lse responded, ―It

— it could be

— it‘s mostly an adult word, that‘s correct, yes. It‘s a common word.‖ Defens e counsel then asked Detective I lse six more questions concerning a child ‘s use of the ― a dult word ‖ rape and whether it raises a ―red flag‖ that an adult may have ―planted‖ the idea of rape i n the child‘s mind. Detective I lse stated that he is not surprised wh en a child uses the word ―rape,‖ that most children in his invest igations use the wo rd ―touched,‖ it depends on the child‘s background and history whether a child will use the word ―rape‖ when making an outcry, and generally it does raise a ―red flag‖ that an adult may have influenced a child to make the outcry when the child uses the word ―rape.‖ Th e State did not object to this testimony. Based on our review of the record, w e conclude that Garcia‘s claim that the trial
court refused to allow h im ―to properly cross[

- ]examin e Detective I lse in regards of the word  ̳rape‘‖ is without merit. Although t he trial court sustained the State‘s initial objection, it subsequently a llowed Garcia to ask Detective I lse several questions about the children‘s use of the word ―rape.‖ Therefore, we overrule Garcia‘s second issue. By his sixth issue, Garcia contends that the trial court erroneously limited his

cross - examination of M.A. Without specifically identifying which of the State‘s objections the trial court improperly sustained, Garcia argues that ―over the entire testimony of the witness, the [trial court] s ustained every objection by the State, chastised the Defense, and refused to allow counsel to elicit responses to his questions, thus taking credibility away from the Defense and not allowing the Defense to effectively cross[

- ]examine the witness. ‖ Garcia does not provide a clear and concise argument15

explaining which of the State‘s objections the trial court should have overruled or why the trial court erred in its ruling s . Therefore, we conclude that Garcia has waived his sixth issue , and we overrule it

. 36 By his ninth issue, Garcia contends that the trial court ―refused to allow the defense to fully cross

- examine the witness,‖ Ricardo Ji menez. Garcia complains that the trial court ― allowed the State to elicit hearsay statements from [Jimenez] concerning statements that were made to him but did not allow hearsay statements to be cross

examined by the Defense

. ‖ We construe this as a complaint that the trial court allowed impermissible hearsay; however, Garcia cites a portion of the reporter‘s record where he ob jected to the State‘s question on the basis that it ―call[ed] for speculation

. ‖ Garcia did not object to the State‘s question on the basis that it was an attempt to elicit hearsay. Garcia‘s objection at trial does not comport with his argument on a ppeal. 37 Therefore, he has not preserved error for our review. 38 We overrule Garcia‘s ninth issue.
III. C LOSING A RGUMENT By his tenth issue, Garcia contends that the State made an improper closing argument that infringed on his right to remain silent

. At trial, Garcia objected to the complained

- of comments on the basis that they shifted the burden of proof; Garcia did not object on the basis that in its closing argument, the State commented on his right not to testify. Therefore, to the extent that G arcia complains on appeal that the State

36 T EX

. R. A PP

. P. 38.1(i).

37 Wilson , 71 S.W.3d a t 349.

38 Id.16

commented on his right to remain silent, Garcia has not preserved error. 39 To the extent that Garcia asserts that the State attempted to shift the burden of proof, we conclude that he has waived this issue because h e has not provided a clear and concise argument with citation to appropriate authority. 40 We overrule Garcia‘s tenth issue.
IV. C ONCLUSION Having overruled Garcia‘s ten issue s , we affirm the trial court‘s judgment.

Do not publish. T EX

. R. A PP

. P . 47.2(b) Delivered and filed the 30th day of November, 2010.

39 See Freeman v. State , No. 01

- 05

- 01181

- CR, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 20, at *2 (Tex. App.

– Houston [1st Dist.] Jan. 4, 2007, pet. ref'd) (mem. op., not designated for publication) ( "An objection that the State's argument shifts the burden of proof does not comport with an appellate challenge that the State's argument commented on a d efendant's failure to testify.") (citing Paster v. State , 701 S.W.2d 843, 849 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985) ; McLendon v. State , 167 S.W.3d 503, 510 (Tex. App.

– Houston [14th Dis t.] 2005, no pet.) ).

40 T EX

. R. A PP

. P. 38.1(i).