ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS

Appellate Court

Mabry v. Boler, 2012 IL App (1st) 111464

Appellate Court

Caption

ALICE MABRY and FLOYD MABRY, by Illinois Farmers Insurance,

as Subrogee, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. JEAN BOLER, DefendantAppellee.

 District & No. First District, Second Division

Docket No. 1-11-1464

Filed May 15, 2012

Held

(Note: This syllabus

constitutes no part of

the opinion of the court

but has been prepared

by the Reporter of

Decisions for the

convenience of the

reader.)

In an action arising from the damages and injuries that occurred in 2006

when defendant’s automobile struck plaintiff’s vehicle, the trial court

erred in dismissing with prejudice the complaint filed by plaintiffs in

2010 on the ground that the complaint did not relate back to plaintiff’s

2008 complaint, which plaintiffs dismissed without prejudice in 2010,

and that it was not filed within the two-yearstatute of limitations period,

since both complaints alleged negligence on the part of defendant arising

from the accident in 2006 and the fact that the 2010 complaint sought

relief different from the relief sought in the 2008 complaint had no

bearing on the fact that both complaints arose from a single group of

operative facts and constituted a single cause of action stemming from the

same accident; furthermore, the 2010 complaint was a permissible

refiling of the action under section 13-217 of the Code of Civil

Procedure.

Decision Under 

Review

Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 10-M1-302307; the

Hon. Laurence J. Dunford, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Reversed and remanded.

Counsel on

Appeal

Shelist Law Firm, LLC, of Chicago (Assata N. Peterson and Samuel A.

Shelist, of counsel), for appellants.

Law Office of Mathein & Rostoker, P.C., of Chicago (David B. Edwards,

of counsel), for appellee.

Panel JUSTICE CUNNINGHAM delivered the judgment of the court, with

opinion.

Presiding Justice Quinn and Justice Connors concurred in the judgment

and opinion.

OPINION

¶ 1 On March 17, 2011, the circuit court of Cook County entered an order dismissing with

prejudice a negligence complaint filed by the plaintiff, Illinois Farmers Insurance (Farmers

Insurance), against the defendant, Jean Boler. On May 9, 2011, the circuit court denied

Farmers Insurance’s motion for reconsideration of its March 17, 2011 ruling. On appeal,

Farmers Insurance argues that: (1) the circuit court erred in dismissing with prejudice the

negligence complaint because it was a timely refiled cause of action under section 13-217

of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/13-217 (West 1994)); and (2) alternatively,

dismissal of the cause of action was unwarranted under the relation-back doctrine pursuant

to section 2-616(b) of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-616(b) (West 2010)). For

the following reasons, we reverse the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County and

remand the matter for further proceedings.

¶ 2 BACKGROUND

¶ 3 On August 13, 2006, pedestrian Alice Mabry (Alice) was allegedly struck and injured by

an automobile driven by Jean Boler (Jean). At the time of the accident, Alice was insured by

Farmers Insurance. In July 2008, Farmers Insurance, as subrogee pursuant to the insurance 1

policy, initiated a negligence lawsuit against Jean (the 2008 complaint), alleging that, on

Farmers Insurance represents to this court that the 2008 complaint was filed in July 2008,

1

while Jean’s brief before this court states that it was filed in June 2008. Although the record is

unclear as to the exact month of filing, we note that our resolution of the issues in this case was not

hindered by this discrepancy.

-2-
August 13, 2006, “at or about 100th,” Jean negligently and carelessly drove her automobile

into Alice’s automobile, that her acts and omissions proximately caused Alice’s damages,

and that Alice “suffered severe damages to [her] [automobile], losing much of the value of

the same, and [her] damages include the total value of the [automobile] and/or repairs to

same and rental charges, tow charges, and appurtenant charges and medical payment [sic]

coverage payments.” The 2008 complaint requested that a judgment in the amount of $6,850

plus costs be entered in Farmers Insurance’s favor.2

¶ 4 On August 25, 2010, Farmers Insurance voluntarily dismissed the 2008 cause of action 3

without prejudice.

¶ 5 On September 10, 2010, Farmers Insurance filed another negligence complaint against 4

Jean, alleging that on August 13, 2006, Alice was a pedestrian near “74 E. 100th Place” in

Chicago, Illinois, when Jean’s automobile struck Alice (the 2010 complaint). The 2010 5

complaint asserted that Jean’s negligent and careless actions directly and proximatelycaused

Alice’s physical injuries, including “severe shock to her nervous system and bruises,

contusions, strains, sprains and lacerations to diverse parts of [her] body” and permanent

disability. The 2010 complaint further alleged that Alice’s husband, Floyd Mabry (Floyd),

was deprived of Alice’s companionship, and that both Alice and Floyd had become liable for

large sums of money as a result of Alice’s medical care. The 2010 complaint also stated that,

pursuant to Alice and Floyd’s insurance policy with Farmers Insurance, Farmers Insurance

had paid $2,000 for Alice’s medical payments and $6,850 in “medical payments and

compensation for pain and suffering, loss of a normal life and [Alice’s injuries],” and

requested that a judgment be entered in its favor in the amount of $8,850 plus costs.

¶ 6 On January 11, 2011, Jean filed a section 2-619 motion to dismiss (735 ILCS 5/2-

619(a)(5) (West 2010)), arguing that the 2010 complaint should be dismissed with prejudice

because it was filed after the two-yearstatute of limitations period for personal injury claims

had expired.

¶ 7 On February 18, 2011, Farmers Insurance filed a response to Jean’s motion to dismiss,

arguing that both the 2008 and 2010 complaints included a prayer for relief for “medical

payments,” that the 2008 lawsuit was voluntarily dismissed without prejudice, and that the

2010 complaint was refiled within the allowable statutory time period.

¶ 8 On March 1, 2011, Jean filed a reply in support of the motion to dismiss, arguing that the

Mabry v. Boler, No. 08–M1–015258 (Cir. Ct. Cook Co.) 2

Although the August 25, 2010 order evidencing Farmers Insurance’s voluntary dismissal

3

of the 2008 complaint is illegible in the record before us, the parties do not dispute the accuracy of

this date.

Though unclear in the record, the parties agree on appeal that September 10, 2010 was the 4

filing date of the 2010 complaint.

Mabry v. Boler, No. 10–M1–302307 (Cir. Ct. Cook Co.) 5

-3-
2010 complaint was not simply a refiling of the 2008 cause of action, but that it “contains

factual allegations and claims for relief that were not [pled] in the original action.”

Specifically, Jean pointed out that the 2010 complaint sought “additional relief in the form

of pain and suffering, loss of a normal life, and other relief for bodily injury” which had not

been previouslypled in the 2008 complaint. Thus, she argued, portions of the 2010 complaint

that were not previously pled in the 2008 complaint should be dismissed.

¶ 9 On March 17, 2011, the circuit court granted the motion to dismiss, finding that the 2010

complaint alleging personal injury claims was a different cause of action from the 2008

complaint alleging property damage. The circuit court furtherfound that “since there was no

claim for personal injury in the [2008 complaint], the [2010 complaint] [did] not relate back

to the [2008 complaint]” under section 2-616(b) of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS

5/2-616(b) (West 2010)). Thus, the circuit court dismissed the 2010 complaint with prejudice

for failing to file it within the two-year statute of limitations period from the date of the

accident.

¶ 10 On March 31, 2011, Farmers Insurance filed a motion for reconsideration of the circuit

court’s March 17, 2011 ruling. On May 9, 2011, the circuit court denied the motion for

reconsideration. On May 23, 2011, Farmers Insurance filed a notice of appeal before this

court.

¶ 11 ANALYSIS

¶ 12 The sole inquiry on appeal before us, which we review de novo, is whether the circuit

court erred in granting Jean’s section 2-619 motion to dismiss Farmers Insurance’s 2010

complaint with prejudice. See CitizensOpposing Pollution v. ExxonMobil Coal U.S.A., 2012

IL 111286, ¶ 22.

¶ 13 Farmers Insurance argues that the circuit court erred in dismissing its 2010 complaint

with prejudice on the basis that it did not “relate back” to the 2008 cause of action pursuant

to section 2-616(b) of the Code of Civil Procedure (the Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-616(b) (West

2010)). It maintains that section 2-616(b) was not the proper vehicle by which to analyze the

timeliness of the claims that were raised in the 2010 complaint. Rather, it contends that the

2010 complaint was a timely refiled new cause of action pursuant to section 13-217 of the

Code (735 ILCS 5/13-217 (West 1994)).

¶ 14 Jean counters that Farmers Insurance has forfeited the argument on appeal that section

13-217 of the Code applied to the instant case because it was neither in its response to Jean’s

section 2-619 motion to dismiss nor in its motion for reconsideration. Forfeiture aside, Jean

argues, the application of section 13-217 to the case at bar would not have changed the

circuit court’s decision to dismiss the 2010 complaint with prejudice because the 2008 and

2010 lawsuits did not arise from the same core of operative facts. Jean maintains instead that

the 2010 complaint was properly dismissed pursuant to section 2-619(a)(5) of the Code

because it was filed after the two-yearstatute of limitations period for the personal injury and

loss of consortium claims had passed.

¶ 15 As a preliminarymatter, we determine whetherFarmers Insurance’s argument pertaining

-4-
to the applicability of section 13-217 of the Code has been forfeited on appeal. Generally,

arguments not raised before the circuit court are forfeited and cannot be raised for the first

time on appeal. Village of Roselle v. Commonwealth Edison Co., 368 Ill. App. 3d 1097,

1109, 859 N.E.2d 1, 12 (2006). However, our review of the record indicates that Farmers

Insurance did raise this argument, albeit vaguely, in its February 18, 2011 response to Jean’s

section 2-619 motion to dismiss. In that response, Farmers Insurance asserted that it had

refiled its complaint “within 1 year” of the voluntary dismissal of its original 2008 lawsuit.

We find that assertion to have been sufficient to allege the one-year statutory refiling period

allowed by section 13-217 of the Code, for purposes of presentation of the issue on appeal.

Thus, we conclude that Farmers Insurance has not forfeited review of this argument on

appeal. Nevertheless, Jean asserts, without any reference to the record, that Farmers

Insurance, in opposing the motion to dismiss, advanced the argument thatthe 2010 complaint

related back to the 2008 complaint pursuant to section 2-616(b) of the Code. We find that

it is unclear what arguments were made before the circuit court at the hearing on the motion

to dismiss, beyond those set forth in the parties’ written pleadings pertaining to the motion

to dismiss. No transcript or bystander’s report of the hearing is contained in the record on

appeal. While it is generally the burden of the appellant, Farmers Insurance, to provide a

sufficiently complete record of the circuit court proceedings (see Foutch v. O’Bryant, 99 Ill.

2d 389, 391-92, 459 N.E.2d 958, 959 (1984)), we find that had Jean wanted to assert estoppel

claims against Farmers Insurance, she could have done so and should have requested to

supplement the record on appeal with transcripts of the hearing on the motion to dismiss. She

did not do so. As discussed, because we find that Farmers Insurance sufficiently alleged the

applicability of section 13-217 in its written response to Jean’s motion to dismiss, the issue

of whether Farmers Insurance had also made arguments pertaining to the applicability of

section 2-616(b) before the circuit court had absolutely no bearing on the reviewability of

Farmers Insurance’s section 13-217 arguments on appeal. Therefore, we proceed to address

the merits of Farmers Insurance’s contentions on appeal.

¶ 16 Section 13-217 of the Code provides in pertinent part the following:

“[I]f judgment is entered for the plaintiff but reversed on appeal, or if there is a verdict

in favor of the plaintiff and, upon a motion in arrest of judgment, the judgment is entered

against the plaintiff, or the action is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff, or the action

is dismissed for want of prosecution, or the action is dismissed by a United States District

Court for lack of jurisdiction, or the action is dismissed by a United States District Court

for improper venue, then, whether or not the time limitation for bringing such action

expires during the pendency of such action, the plaintiff, his or her heirs, executors or

administrators may commence a new action within one year or within the remaining

period of limitation, whichever is greater ***.” (Emphases added.) 735 ILCS 5/13-217

(West 1994).6

This version of section 13-217 is currently in effect because it preceded the amendments

6

of Public Act 89-7, § 15, eff. March 9, 1995, which our supreme court found unconstitutional in its

entirety. See Hudson v. City of Chicago, 228 Ill. 2d 462, 469 n.1, 889 N.E.2d 210, 214 n.1 (2008)

-5-
Section 13-217 operates as a “savings statute, with the purpose of facilitating the disposition

of litigation on the merits and to avoid frustration upon grounds unrelated to the merits.” S.C.

Vaughan Oil Co. v. Caldwell, Troutt &Alexander, 181 Ill. 2d 489, 497, 693 N.E.2d 338, 342

(1998).

¶ 17 In dismissing the 2010 cause of action with prejudice, the circuit court held that the 2010

complaint did not “relate back” to the 2008 complaint under section 2-616(b) of the Code

and was thus untimely because it was filed beyond the two-yearstatute of limitations period

for personal injury claims. We agree with Farmers Insurance’s contention that the circuit

court’s relation-back analysis under section 2-616(b) was the improper vehicle by which to

determine the timeliness of the claims presented in the 2010 complaint.

¶ 18 Section 2-616 of the Code governs the amendments of pleadings and not refiled causes

of actions. Apollo Real Estate Investment Fund IV, L.P. v. Gelber, 398 Ill. App. 3d 773, 782,

935 N.E.2d 949, 958 (2009). Section 2-616, entitled “Amendments,” is “concerned onlywith

amendments and when they should be permitted.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id.

“Refilings are governed by section 13-217 of the Code [citation], and not section 2-616

[citation].” Id. at 783, 935 N.E.2d at 958.

¶ 19 We find Gelber particularly instructive. In Gelber, the plaintiff filed a lawsuit in June

2005 against the defendants to collect money that was allegedly transferred to the defendants

by fraud in June 2001. Id. at 776, 935 N.E.2d at 953. Subsequently, the circuit court granted

the defendants’ motion to dismiss all three counts of the 2005 complaint. Id. In February

2006, the plaintiff filed a first amended complaint, which the circuit court also dismissed on

the basis that it failed to state a claim pursuant to section 2-615. Id. at 776-77, 935 N.E.2d

at 953. The circuit court allowed the plaintiff 28 days to amend its complaint; however, the

plaintiff neither amended the complaint nor appealed the dismissal. Id. at 777, 935 N.E.2d

at 953-54. Instead, in June 2006, the plaintiff voluntarily dismissed the cause of action

without prejudice. Id., 935 N.E.2d at 954. In May 2007, the plaintiff refiled the cause of

action against the same defendants, again asserting claims of fraud and adding a new claim

of unjust enrichment. Id. After the circuit court dismissed the 2007 complaint, the plaintiff

filed a first amended complaint alleging the same claims. Id. The circuit court then dismissed

the claims of fraud on the basis that they failed to state a cause of action, but allowed the

unjust enrichment claim to stand. Id. The defendants then filed an additional motion to

dismiss the unjust enrichment claim, which the circuit court denied. Id. The defendants’

motion for summaryjudgment was also denied. Id.Thereafter, the circuit court certified three

questions for interlocutory appeal, including whetherthe claim for unjust enrichment, which

was asserted for the first time as part of the refiled 2007 action, related back to the original

cause of action. Id. at 774, 935 N.E.2d at 952. On interlocutory appeal, this court found that

the 2007 refiled cause of action was not an amendment of the earlier 2005 lawsuit, that it was

not an amended pleading subject to section 2-616(b) of the Code but, rather, that it was a new

lawsuit. Id. at 782, 935 N.E.2d at 958. Thus, because the unjust enrichment claim was not

(citing Best v. Taylor Machine Works, 179 Ill. 2d 367, 689 N.E.2d 1057 (1997)).

-6-
raised in an amended pleading to the original 2005 lawsuit, the reviewing court found that

section 13-217, rather than section 2-616(b), was applicable. Id. at 782-83, 935 N.E.2d at

958. The Gelber court then held that the refiled 2007 lawsuit was timely filed under section

13-217 and the unjust enrichment claim was timely raised within one year after the plaintiff’s

June 2006 voluntary dismissal of the 2005 lawsuit. Id. at 786, 935 N.E.2d at 961.

¶ 20 In the case at bar, the alleged accident occurred on August 13, 2006. In July 2008,

Farmers Insurance filed a cause of action alleging negligence against Jean and requesting

damages for Alice’s property and medical coverage payments. Like Gelber, on August 25,

2010, Farmers Insurance voluntarily dismissed the 2008 cause of action without prejudice.

On September 10, 2010, Farmers Insurance refiled a negligence lawsuit against Jean, which

requested damages for Alice’s physical injury, pain and suffering, medical coverage

payments and Floyd’s loss of consortium. Applying the principles of Gelber, we find that the

2010 complaint was not an amended pleading to the 2008 lawsuit and, thus, was not subject

to the provisions of section 2-616(b). Rather, the 2010 complaint was a refiled cause of

action under section 13-217 of the Code. Thus, section 13-217 of the Code governs whether

the 2010 complaint was timely filed. Under section 13-217, a cause of action that was

voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff maybe refiled “within one year or within the remaining

period of limitation, whichever is greater.” 735 ILCS 5/13-217 (West 1994). Farmers

Insurance’s 2010 complaint alleged a cause of action sounding in tort, which permits a

statute of limitations period of two years from the date that the cause of action accrued. See

735 ILCS 5/13-202, 13-203 (West 2010). Initially, the 2008 complaint was filed in July

2008, which was within the two-yearstatute of limitations period for claims sounding in tort.

Because the cause of action accrued on August 13, 2006, and the statute of limitations period

expired on August 13, 2008, the greater of the two periods for refiling Farmers Insurance’s

lawsuit was within one year of the voluntary dismissal of the 2008 lawsuit. Therefore,

Farmers Insurance had until August 25, 2011, a year from the voluntary dismissal, to refile

the dismissed cause of action. Accordingly, we conclude that Farmers Insurance timely

refiled the cause of action against Jean on September 10, 2010, prior to the expiration of the

section 13-217 period.

¶ 21 Nonetheless, Jean maintains that Farmers Insurance’s 2010 complaint was not a

permissible “refiling” under section 13-217 because it stated facts in direct contradiction to

the 2008 complaint. She argues that the facts alleged in the 2008 and 2010 complaints did

not arise from a “single group of operative facts,” and that the 2010 complaint failed to

mention any theory of recovery pertaining to property damage, as was alleged in the 2008

complaint.

¶ 22 “[T]he filing of a complaint is considered a ‘refiling’ of a previously filed complaint if

it contains the same cause of action as defined by res judicata principles.” Schrager v.

Grossman, 321 Ill. App. 3d 750, 755, 752 N.E.2d 1, 4 (2000). “Separate claims are

considered the same cause of action for purposes of res judicata if they arise from a single

group of operative facts.” Id., 752 N.E.2d at 4-5. While a single group of operative facts may

give rise to the assertion of more than one kind of relief or more than one theory of recovery,

“ ‘ “assertions of different kinds or theories of relief arising out of a single group of operative

-7-
facts constitute but a single cause of action.” ’ ” Id. at 757, 752 N.E.2d at 6 (quoting River

Park, Inc. v. City of Highland Park, 184 Ill. 2d 290, 315, 703 N.E.2d 883, 895 (1998),

quoting Torcasso v. Standard Outdoor Sales, Inc., 157 Ill. 2d 484, 490-91, 626 N.E.2d 225,

228 (1993)); accord Don Saffold Enterprises v. Concept I, Inc., 316 Ill. App. 3d 993, 996,

739 N.E.2d 27, 29 (2000).

¶ 23 We find Jean’s arguments to be without merit. Both the 2008 and 2010 complaints filed

byAlice alleged negligence against Jean arising out of the automobile accident that allegedly

occurred on August 13, 2006. Specifically, both complaints alleged that Jean carelessly and

negligently operated her vehicle, which caused the collision at issue. Although the relief

sought in the 2010 complaint differed from the relief requested in the 2008 complaint, such

difference had absolutely no bearing on the fact that the factual allegations in the two

complaints arose from a single group of operative facts–namely, that Jean’s allegedly

negligent actions on the specific date of August 13, 2006 resulted in the accident at issue. See

River Park, Inc., 184 Ill. 2d at 315, 703 N.E.2d at 895 (assertions of different kinds or

theories of relief arising out of a single group of operative facts constitute a single cause of

action). Likewise, although the 2008 complaint alleged that Jean’s vehicle negligently

collided with Alice’s vehicle, and the 2010 complaint asserted that Jean’s vehicle collided

with Alice’s person, these distinctions could not and did not wholly negate the fact that the

two complaints, brought against the same defendant, constituted a single cause of action

stemming from the same accident. We further reject Jean’s arguments that differences

between the two complaints, such as the description of the accident location as “at or about

100th” in the 2008 complaint as opposed to “near 784 E. 100th Place” in the 2010 complaint,

showed that they did not arise from the same group of operative facts. Based on our review

of the record, we find these distinctions to be minor and that, when viewed in the context of

the pleadings’ entirety, both complaints adequately gave Jean notice of the litigation which

arose from a single accident on August 13, 2006 involving the collision of her automobile.

See Gonzalez v. Thorek Hospital & Medical Center, 143 Ill. 2d 28, 36-37, 570 N.E.2d 309,

313 (1991) (statute of limitations is extended by section 13-217 when the defendant already

has had notice of litigation arising out of the same facts and circumstances). Thus, we find

that Farmers Insurance’s 2010 complaint was a permissible refiling of the cause of action

under section 13-217 of the Code, and as such, could assert new theories of relief or recovery

pertaining to the accident. Therefore, the circuit court erroneously dismissed Farmers

Insurance’s 2010 complaint with prejudice. Accordingly, in light of our holding, we need not

address Farmers Insurance’s alternative arguments.

¶ 24 Notwithstanding this court’s holding, Jean asserts for the first time on appeal that the

2010 complaint was properly dismissed with prejudice for lack of diligence pursuant to

Illinois Supreme Court Rule 103(b) (eff. July 1, 2007). Rule 103(b) requires that the plaintiff

exercise reasonable diligence in obtaining service of process on the defendant in a cause of

action. Ill. S. Ct. R. 103(b) (eff. July 1, 2007). We find that Jean has forfeited review of this

argument raised for the first time on appeal because it was never presented in the circuit

court. See Village of Roselle, 368 Ill. App. 3d at 1109, 859 N.E.2d at 12 (arguments not

raised before the circuit court are forfeited and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal).

-8-
We further note that in making this argument, Jean fails to cite to any relevant pages in the

record on appeal. See Ill. S. Ct. R. 341(h)(7), (i) (eff. July 1, 2008) (arguments made in

appellate briefs shall contain “citation of the authorities and the pages of the record relied on”

and that points not argued are forfeited); see generally Curtis v. Lofy, 394 Ill. App. 3d 170,

189, 914 N.E.2d 248, 263-64 (2009). The rules promulgated by our supreme court are not

aspirational nor merely suggestions, but rather, they “have the force of law, and the

presumption must be that they will be obeyed and enforced as written.” Bright v. Dicke, 166

Ill. 2d 204, 210, 652 N.E.2d 275, 277-78 (1995); Billerbeck v. Caterpillar Tractor Co., 292

Ill. App. 3d 350, 353, 685 N.E.2d 1018, 1020 (1997). For these reasons, we decline to

address the merits of this argument.

¶ 25 For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County

and remand the matter for further proceedings.

¶ 26 Reversed and remanded.

-9-