Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022

Current Population Reports

By Katherine Keisler-Starkey, Lisa N. Bunch, and Rachel A. Lindstrom 

Issued September 2023

P60-281
Acknowledgments Katherine Keisler-Starkey, Lisa N. Bunch, and Rachel A. Lindstrom prepared 

this report under the direction of Kelly Holder, Chief of the Health and Disability 

Statistics Branch. Sharon Stern, Assistant Division Chief for Employment 

Characteristics, of the Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division, provided 

overall direction.

Mallory Bane, Preeti Vaghela, and Richard Lee, under the supervision of 

David Watt, Lorelai D. De Vos, and Craig Johnson, all of the Demographic 

Systems Division, and Tim Marshall of the Demographic Programs Directorate—

Survey Operations, processed the Current Population Survey 2023 Annual Social 

and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) file.

Adam W. Reilly, with the assistance of Kirk E. Davis, Raymond E. Dowdy, 

Lan N. Huynh, Marguerite McDaniel, and Chandararith R. Phe, programmed and 

produced the historical and detailed tables under the direction of Hung X. Pham, 

Chief of the Tabulation and Applications Branch, Demographic Surveys Division.

Weimin Zhang, under the supervision of Emily Hood and David V. Hornick, all of 

the Demographic Statistical Methods Division, conducted statistical review.

Tim Marshall, Roberto Marrero Cases, and Roselyn Rosal Tineo, all of the 

Demographic Programs Directorate—Survey Operations, provided overall direction for the survey implementation. Charlie Carter and Johanna Rupp, both of 

the Information Technology Directorate, prepared and programmed the 

computer-assisted interviewing instrument used to conduct the CPS ASEC.

Additional people within the U.S. Census Bureau also made significant contributions to the preparation of this report. Adam Bee, Breauna Branch, Caitlin Carter, 

Douglas Conway, Katrina Crankshaw, Adriana Hernandez-Viver, Matthew Marlay, 

Amy Steinweg, Jonathan Vespa, and Natalie Young all of the Social, Economic, and 

Housing Statistics Division, reviewed the contents. 

Stacey Barber, Faye E. Brock, and Steven Brown provided publication management, editorial review, and 508 compliancy for print and electronic media. Linda 

Chen and Briana Wright provided graphic design and composition, all under the 

direction of Corey Beasley, Chief of the Graphic and Editorial Services Branch, 

Public Information Office.

The authors would like to also thank the Census Bureau field representatives and 

telephone interviewers who conducted the interviews that provide the data in 

this report. Without their dedication, the preparation of this report or any report 

from the Current Population Survey would be impossible.
U.S. Census Bureau

Robert L. Santos, 

Director

P60-281

Health Insurance Coverage

 in the United States: 2022 Issued September 2023
Suggested Citation

Katherine Keisler-Starkey,

 Lisa N. Bunch,

and Rachel A. Lindstrom,

U.S. Census Bureau, 

Current Population Reports, 

P60-281, 

Health Insurance Coverage

 in the United States: 2022,

U.S. Government Publishing Office, 

Washington, DC,

September 2023

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Robert L. Santos,

Director

Ron S. Jarmin,

Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer

Victoria A. Velkoff,

Associate Director for Demographic Programs

David G. Waddington,

Chief, Social, Economic, and Housing Statistics Division
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 iii

Contents TEXT

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

What Is Health Insurance Coverage?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Highlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Estimates of Health Insurance Coverage in the United States. . . . . . . . 3

Health Insurance Coverage by Type and Selected Characteristics. . . 4

Health Insurance Coverage by Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Private Coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Public Coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Uninsured Rates for Children and Working-Age Adults by Selected 

Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Children Under the Age of 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Working-Age Adults 19 to 64 Years Old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Public and Private Health Insurance Coverage by Selected 

Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Coverage Type for Children and Working-Age Adults by 

Income-to-Poverty Ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Coverage Type by Demographic and Social Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . 12

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Accessing Health Insurance Coverage Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

State and Local Estimates of Health Insurance Coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Additional Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Data.census.gov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Public-Use Microdata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Census Data API. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Source and Accuracy of the Estimates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Endnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
iv Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

TABLE

Table 1. Number and Percentage of People by Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type: 2021 to 2022. . . 2

FIGURES

Figure 1. Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage and Change From 2021 to 2022. . . . 3

Figure 2. Percentage of People Uninsured by Age Group: 2021 and 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Figure 3. Percentage of People With Selected Coverage Types and Uninsured by Age Group: 

2021 and 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Figure 4. Percentage of Children Under the Age of 19 Without Health Insurance Coverage by

Selected Characteristics: 2021 and 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Figure 5. Percentage of Working-Age Adults Without Health Insurance Coverage by Selected

Characteristics: 2021 and 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 6. Uninsured Rate by Income-to-Poverty Ratio and Medicaid Expansion Status of State for 

Adults Aged 19 to 64: 2021 and 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 7. Health Insurance by Type and Income-to-Poverty Ratio for Children Under the Age of 19 

and Adults Aged 19 to 64: 2021 and 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Figure 8. Health Insurance Coverage Type by Selected Characteristics: 2021 and 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

APPENDIX A TABLES

Table A-1. Percentage of People by Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type 

       by Selected Characteristics: 2021 and 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Table A-2. Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type by Age and Selected Characteristics: 

       2021 and 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Table A-3. Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type by Household Relationship and Family 

       Income-to-Poverty Ratio: 2021 and 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 1

Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022

INTRODUCTION

Health insurance offers a means 

for financing a person’s health 

care expenses. Health insurance 

coverage provides access to 

medical care, protection from 

high unexpected costs, and more 

economic stability for people 

and families. While the majority 

of people in the United States 

have private health insurance, 

primarily through an employer, 

others obtain coverage through 

programs offered by the 

government. Yet some do not 

have health insurance coverage 

at all (refer to the “What Is Health 

Insurance Coverage?” text box).

Year-to-year, the rate of health 

insurance coverage and the 

distribution of coverage types 

may change due to economic 

trends, shifts in the demographic 

composition of the population 

such as population aging, and 

policy changes that affect access 

to care. Economic changes 

include returning to work after 

the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy 

changes include updates to the 

Medicaid program in response 

to the COVID-19 pandemic or 

other economic or social forces. 

For example, Congress extended 

mandated continuous coverage 

for those with Medicaid, which 

continued throughout 2022.1

This report presents statistics on 

health insurance coverage in the 

United States in 2022 and changes 

in health insurance coverage rates 

between 2021 and 2022. The 

statistics in this report are based 

on information collected by the 

Current Population Survey Annual 

Social and Economic 

Supplement (CPS ASEC).*

What Is Health Insurance Coverage?

Health insurance coverage in the Current Population Survey 

Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) refers to 

comprehensive coverage at any time during the calendar year for 

the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States.* 

For reporting purposes, the U.S. Census Bureau broadly classifies 

health insurance coverage as private insurance or public insurance. 

Private Coverage

• Employment-based: Plan provided through an employer or 

union.

• Direct-purchase: Coverage purchased directly from an 

insurance company, or through a federal or state Marketplace 

(e.g., healthcare.gov).

• TRICARE: Coverage through TRICARE, formerly known as 

Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services.

Public Coverage

• Medicare: Federal program that helps to pay health care costs 

for people aged 65 and older and for certain people under the 

age of 65 with long-term disabilities.

• Medicaid: This report uses the term Medicaid to include the 

specific Medicaid government program and other programs 

for low-income individuals administered by the states such as 

Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) and Basic Health 

Programs.

• VA and CHAMPVA: Care provided by the Department of 

Veterans Affairs, the military, and the Civilian Health and Medical 

Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Additionally, people are considered uninsured if they only had 

coverage through the Indian Health Service (IHS), as IHS coverage 

is not considered comprehensive.

* Comprehensive health insurance covers basic health care needs. This definition 

excludes single service plans such as accident, disability, dental, vision, or 

prescription medicine plans.

* The U.S. Census Bureau reviewed these data and associated products for unauthorized 

disclosure of confidential information and approved the disclosure avoidance practices 

applied to this release: Disclosure Review Board (DRB) approval number: CBDRB-FY23-0432. 

To further protect respondent privacy, all estimates in this report have undergone additional 

rounding. As a result, this year’s estimates may differ from previous publications and details 

may not sum to totals. All comparative statements have undergone statistical testing and are 

statistically significant at the 90 percent confidence level unless otherwise noted.
2 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

The CPS is the longest-running 

household survey conducted 

by the Census Bureau. The key 

purpose of the CPS ASEC is 

to provide timely and detailed 

estimates of economic wellbeing, of which health insurance 

is an important part. The 

Census Bureau has integrated 

improvements to the CPS ASEC 

as the needs of data users and 

the health insurance environment 

have changed. 

The estimates in this report are 

based on data collected in the 

2023 and earlier CPS ASECs 

conducted by the Census Bureau. 

This report is released alongside 

two other reports focused on 

household income and poverty 

in the United States. These 

estimates can be found in “Income 

in the United States: 2022” and 

“Poverty in the United States: 

2022.” Respondents were asked 

to report any health insurance 

coverage they had during the 

previous calendar year. People 

are only considered uninsured if 

they did not have health insurance 

coverage for the entire calendar 

year.2

Highlights

• More people were insured in 

2022 than 2021. In 2022, 92.1 

percent of people, or 304.0 

million, had health insurance 

at some point during the year, 

representing an increase in 

the insured rate and number 

of insured from 2021 (91.7 

percent or 300.9 million) 

(Table 1).

• In 2022, private health 

insurance coverage continued 

to be more prevalent than 

public coverage, at 65.6 

percent and 36.1 percent, 

respectively.3

• Of the subtypes of health 

insurance coverage, 

employment-based insurance 

was the most common, 

covering 54.5 percent of the 

population for some or all of 

the calendar year, followed 

by Medicaid (18.8 percent), 

Medicare (18.7 percent), 

direct-purchase coverage 

(9.9 percent), TRICARE 

(2.4 percent), and VA and 

CHAMPVA coverage (1.0 

percent) (Table 1 and 

Figure 1).4, 5

• Between 2021 and 2022, the 

rate of Medicare coverage 

Table 1. 

Number and Percentage of People by Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type: 2021 to 2022

(Numbers in thousands. Margins of error in thousands or percentage points as appropriate. Population as of March of the 

following year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at 

<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>)

Coverage type

2021 2022 Change in 

percent 

(2022 

Number less 2021)

Margin of 

error1

 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±) Number

Margin of 

error1 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±)

    Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328,100 148 X X 330,000 130 X X X

Any health plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . 300,900 748 91.7 0.2 304,000 746 92.1 0.2 *0.4

 Any private plan2, 3. . . . . . . . . . 216,400 1,077 66.0 0.3 216,500 1,399 65.6 0.4 –0.3

  Employment-based2. . . . . . 178,300 1,123 54.3 0.3 179,800 1,369 54.5 0.4 0.1

  Direct-purchase2. . . . . . . . . . 33,550 705 10.2 0.2 32,800 661 9.9 0.2 *–0.3

   Marketplace coverage2. . 11,390 447 3.5 0.1 11,840 461 3.6 0.1 0.1

  TRICARE2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,299 527 2.5 0.2 7,817 485 2.4 0.1 *–0.2

 Any public plan2, 4. . . . . . . . . . . 117,100 911 35.7 0.3 119,100 1,183 36.1 0.4 0.4

  Medicare2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,230 378 18.4 0.1 61,570 392 18.7 0.1 *0.3

  Medicaid2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,940 843 18.9 0.3 62,050 1,112 18.8 0.3 –0.1

  VA and CHAMPVA2, 5. . . . . . 3,151 192 1.0 0.1 3,354 214 1.0 0.1 0.1

Uninsured6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,190 727 8.3 0.2 25,940 739 7.9 0.2 *–0.4

* An asterisk preceding an estimate indicates change is statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.

X Not applicable.

1

 A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable 

the estimate. This number, when added to and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this table 

are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights. 2 The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive; people can be covered by more than one type of health insurance during the 

year.3 Private health insurance includes coverage provided through an employer or union, coverage purchased directly, or TRICARE.

4 Public health insurance coverage includes Medicaid, Medicare, CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of 

Veterans Affairs), and care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. 5 Includes CHAMPVA, as well as care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. 

6 In the CPS ASEC, individuals are considered to be uninsured if they did not have health insurance coverage for the entire calendar year.

Note: Estimates may differ from previous publications due to additional rounding implemented to protect respondent privacy.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 3

increased by 0.3 percentage 

points to cover 18.7 percent of 

people (Table 1 and Figure 1).6

• The uninsured rate among 

working-age adults aged 19 to 

64 decreased 0.8 percentage 

points to 10.8 percent 

between 2021 and 2022, 

driven in part by a decrease 

in uninsured rates for workers 

(Figure 5).

ESTIMATES OF HEALTH 

INSURANCE COVERAGE IN 

THE UNITED STATES

This report classifies health 

insurance coverage into three 

different categories: overall 

coverage, private coverage, 

and public coverage (refer to 

the “What Is Health Insurance 

Coverage?” text box). In the CPS 

ASEC, people are considered 

insured if they were covered by 

any type of health insurance for 

part or all of the previous calendar 

year. People are considered 

uninsured if, for the entire year, 

they were not covered by any 

type of insurance.7

In 2022, most people (92.1 

percent) had health insurance 

coverage at some point during 

the calendar year (Table 1 and 

Figure 1). That means 7.9 percent 

of people were uninsured for the 

entire calendar year. More people 

had private health insurance (65.6 

percent) than public coverage 

(36.1 percent).

Employment-based insurance 

was the most common subtype 

of health insurance in the civilian, 

noninstitutionalized population 

(54.5 percent), followed by 

Medicaid (18.8 percent), 

Medicare (18.7 percent), directpurchase insurance (9.9 percent), 

TRICARE (2.4 percent), and VA 

and CHAMPVA health care (1.0 

percent) (Table 1).8

The percentage of people covered 

by any type of health insurance 

in 2022 was higher than in 2021. 

The percentage of people covered 

by health insurance increased 0.4 

percentage points between 2021 

and 2022, though there were no 

statistically significant changes in 

overall public coverage or overall 

private coverage.

Of the subtypes of private health 

insurance, employment-based 

coverage was not statistically 

different between 2021 and 2022.

The percentage of people covered 

by direct-purchase insurance 

decreased to 9.9 percent, and 

TRICARE coverage decreased to 

2.4 percent between 2021 and 

2022.

Of the three subtypes of public 

health insurance, Medicare rates 

increased between 2021 and 

2022, while the Medicaid and 

VA and CHAMPVA rates did not 

Figure 1.

Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage and Change From 2021 to 2022

 VA and CHAMPVA1

 Medicaid

 Medicare

Any public plan

 TRICARE

 Marketplace

 Direct-purchase

 Employment-based

Any private plan

With health insurance

Uninsured

Type of Coverage in 2022 Change: 2021 to 2022

(Population as of March of the following year)

No statistical change between years

7.9 *–0.4

*0.4

–0.3

0.1

*–0.3

 0.1

*–0.2

0.4

*0.3

–0.1

0.1

92.1

65.6

54.5

9.9

3.6

2.4

36.1

18.7

18.8

1.0

* Denotes a statistically significant change between 2021 and 2022 at the 90 percent confidence level.

1

 Includes CHAMPVA (Civilian Health Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Aairs), as well as care provided by 

the Department of Veterans Aairs (VA) and the military.

Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive; people can be covered by more than one type of health insurance 

during the year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available 

at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
4 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

have any significant change. The 

percentage of people covered 

by Medicare increased 0.3 

percentage points to 18.7 percent 

in 2022. This increase was in part 

due to growth in the number of 

people aged 65 and older.9

HEALTH INSURANCE 

COVERAGE BY TYPE AND 

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS 

Health Insurance Coverage by 

Age

Age is associated with the 

likelihood that a person has health 

insurance coverage, as well as 

with health coverage type. In 

general, older adults (aged 65 

and older) and children (under 

the age of 19) are more likely to 

have health insurance coverage 

than those aged 19 to 64, in part 

because their age makes them 

eligible for certain public health 

insurance programs. Medicare 

provides health coverage benefits 

for most adults aged 65 and older. 

Children and young adults may 

receive coverage through a parent 

or guardian’s plan up to the age 

of 25, and children under the age 

of 19 may qualify for coverage 

through Medicaid or the Children’s 

Health Insurance Program (CHIP).10

Between 2021 and 2022, the 

uninsured rate for working-age 

adults aged 19 to 64 decreased 

0.8 percentage points. When 

looking at specific age groups 

of those working-age adults in 

2022, 12.5 percent of adults aged 

26 to 34 did not have insurance, 

compared with 13.5 percent in 

2021 (Figure 2). The uninsured 

rate for adults aged 35 to 44 

decreased from 11.9 percent 

in 2021 to 11.2 percent in 2022, 

while the rate for adults aged 45 

to 64 was 8.6 percent in 2022, 

a decrease from 9.4 percent in 

2021.11 For those under the age 

of 26 (including adults aged 19 

to 25 and children under the age 

of 19) and for adults aged 65 and 

older, there were no statistical 

changes in the uninsured rates 

between years. In addition to 

changes between years, there 

were differences in the uninsured 

rate between age groups. Among 

working-age adults, those aged 

19 to 25 had the highest rate (14.0 

percent) uninsured for the entire 

calendar year of 2022, followed 

by those aged 26 to 34 (12.5 

percent), adults aged 35 to 44 

(11.2 percent), and those aged 

45 to 64 (8.6 percent). In 2022, 

only 1.1 percent of adults aged 

65 and older were uninsured for 

the entire calendar year. Overall, 

the uninsured rate for adults 

decreased as age increased.

Private Coverage

Private coverage rates varied 

by broad age groups (Figure 3). 

For example, the percentage of 

working-age adults aged 19 to 

64 with private coverage was 

72.9 percent, compared with 61.8 

Figure 2.

Percentage of People Uninsured by Age Group: 2021 and 2022

(Population as of March of the following year)

5.0 5.4

14.0

14.9

11.9

11.2

9.4

8.6

12.5

13.5

1.2 1.1

2021 2022

 Under 19 years 19 to 25 years 26 to 34 years* 35 to 44 years* 45 to 64 years* 65 years and older

* Denotes a statistically significant change between 2021 and 2022 at the 90 percent confidence level.

Note: Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at 

<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 5

Under 19 years

Uninsured

Private

 Employment-based

 Direct-purchase

 TRICARE

Public

 Medicare

 Medicaid

 VA and CHAMPVA1

19 to 64 years

Uninsured

Private

 Employment-based

 Direct-purchase

 TRICARE

Public

 Medicare

 Medicaid

 VA and CHAMPVA1

65 years and older

Uninsured

Private

 Employment-based

 Direct-purchase

 TRICARE

Public

 Medicare

 Medicaid

 VA and CHAMPVA1

Figure 3.

Percentage of People With Selected Coverage Types and Uninsured by Age Group: 

2021 and 2022

(Population as of March of the following year)

* Denotes a statistically significant change between 2021 and 2022 at the 90 percent confidence level.

Z Rounds to zero.

1 Includes CHAMPVA (Civilian Health Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs), as well as care provided by the 

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the military.

Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive; people can be covered by more than one type of health 

insurance during the year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available 

at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).

 93.5

 1.1

 2.4

 6.9

 3.1

 20.3

 23.4

 45.9

 10.8

 1.0

 15.8

 3.6

 19.1

 2.2

 8.6

 5.4

 0.1

 0.6

 2.2

 5.4

 55.0

 36.1

 35.5

 63.5

 72.9

 61.8

 93.6

Type of Coverage by Age in 2022 Change: 2021 to 2022

0.3

Z

0.3

–0.1

–0.2

–0.3

0.1

–0.4

Z

*–0.8

0.4

*0.6

–0.1

–0.1

0.4

*–0.2

0.4

Z

–0.1

*–2.9

*–1.0

*–1.5

–0.2

0.1

0.1

*–0.6

0.2

No statistical change between years
6 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

percent of children under 19 years 

old, and 45.9 percent of those 65 

years and older in 2022. Among 

adults 19 to 64 years old, most had 

employment-based coverage (63.5 

percent). In 2022, 23.4 percent 

of adults aged 65 and older had 

employment-based coverage, and 

20.3 percent had coverage they 

purchased directly.12

Between 2021 and 2022, there was 

no statistical change in private 

coverage or any private coverage 

subtype for children under 19 years 

old. For working-age adults aged 

19 to 64, there was a decrease in 

the uninsured rate, driven by an 

increase in employment-based 

coverage. Among those 65 years 

and older, however, the rates of 

private coverage decreased as 

employment-based and directpurchase coverage decreased 

by 1.0 percentage point and 1.5 

percentage points, respectively.13

Public Coverage

In 2022, more than one-third of 

children under 19 years old had 

public health coverage, compared 

with 19.1 percent of adults 19 to 

64 years old. Most adults 65 years 

and older (93.6 percent) held 

public coverage. Among children 

under 19 years old, 35.5 percent 

were covered through Medicaid or 

CHIP; among adults aged 65 and 

older, 93.5 percent were covered 

through the Medicare program. 

About 15.8 percent of workingage adults aged 19 to 64 were 

covered through Medicaid and 3.6 

percent held Medicare.

Between 2021 and 2022, there 

were very few changes in 

public coverage by age group. 

Medicaid coverage for adults 

65 years and older decreased 

by 0.6 percentage points. 

Despite the decrease in Medicaid 

coverage and the decrease in 

private coverage due to drops in 

employment-based and directpurchase coverage rates, the 

uninsured rate for adults 65 

years and older did not change, 

possibly because the Medicare 

rate remained high at 93.5 

percent. Medicare coverage 

rates did not statistically change 

for adults aged 65 and older; 

however, a larger percentage of 

the U.S. population was 65 years 

and older and eligible for the 

program.

UNINSURED RATES FOR 

CHILDREN AND WORKINGAGE ADULTS BY SELECTED 

CHARACTERISTICS

While people 65 years and older 

have nearly universal access to 

Medicare, those under the age of 

65 are more likely to be uninsured 

and more likely to have variability 

in their type and continuity of 

coverage over time. Therefore, 

this section focuses on children 

under 19 years old and workingage adults aged 19 to 64, for 

whom health insurance coverage 

status and coverage type varies.

Children Under the Age of 19

Although the uninsured rate 

was not statistically different for 

children between 2021 and 2022, 

health insurance coverage in 

2022 among children under the 

age of 19 differed across several 

demographic factors (Figure 4).

The uninsured rate for nonHispanic White children increased 

from 3.4 percent in 2021 to 4.1 

percent in 2022. However, the 

uninsured rate did not change 

for Black children, Asian children, 

or Hispanic children, who had 

uninsured rates of 4.7 percent, 

4.1 percent, and 8.6 percent, 

respectively.14, 15

The uninsured rate for children 

varied by nativity status. In 

2022, 4.7 percent of native-born 

children were uninsured. However, 

among foreign-born children, 

20.6 percent were uninsured, 

including 6.9 percent of children 

who were naturalized citizens and 

24.6 percent of children who were 

not citizens. These rates were not 

statistically different from 2021.16

Health insurance rates for children 

also varied by region.17 For 

example, 4.0 percent of children 

living in the Northeast were 

uninsured in 2022, 1.0 percentage 

point higher than in 2021 (3.0 

percent). The uninsured rates 

for children in the Midwest (3.3 

percent), the South (7.7 percent), 

and the West (4.2 percent) were 

not statistically different from 

2021.18

The Patient Protection and 

Affordable Care Act (ACA) 

provides the option for states 

to expand Medicaid eligibility 

to people whose income-topoverty ratio falls under a 

particular threshold. Thirtyeight states and the District 

of Columbia had expanded 

Medicaid eligibility requirements 

(referred to as “expansion 

states”) as of January 1, 2022. 
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 7

Figure 4.

Percentage of Children Under the Age of 19 Without Health Insurance Coverage by 

Selected Characteristics: 2021 and 2022 

 

2022 

2021

(Population of children under the age of 19 as of March of the following year)

* Denotes a statistically significant change between 2021 and 2022 at the 90 percent confidence level.

1

 Federal surveys give respondents the option of reporting more than one race. Therefore, two basic ways of defining a race group are 

possible. A group, such as Asian, may be defined as those who reported Asian and no other race (the race-alone or single-race concept) 

or as those who reported Asian regardless of whether they also reported another race (the race-alone-or-in-combination concept). This 

figure shows estimates for the race-alone population.

2 Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2022. Expansion states on or before January 1, 2022, include AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, 

HI, IA, ID, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, UT, VA, VT, WA, and WV. For more 

information, refer to <www.medicaid.gov/state-overviews/index.html>.

Note: Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at 

<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).

 5.4

5.0

 4.1

 3.4

 4.7

4.3

4.1

 4.6

8.6

8.6

 4.7

 4.5

 4.0

 3.0

 3.3

 3.7

 7.7

 6.8

 4.2

 4.7

 4.1

 4.1

 8.1

 7.1

 20.6

 18.6

 24.6

22.6

 6.9

5.2

Nonexpansion state

Expansion state

Medicaid Expansion Status2

West

South

Midwest

Northeast*

Region

Noncitizen

Naturalized citizen

Foreign-born

Native-born

Nativity

Hispanic (any race)

Asian

Black

White, not Hispanic*

Race and Hispanic Origin1

Total
8 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

The remaining twelve states had 

not expanded Medicaid eligibility 

(“nonexpansion states”). The 

uninsured rate for children 

living in expansion states in 

2022 was 4.1 percent, and the 

uninsured rate for children living 

in nonexpansion states was 8.1 

percent.

Working-Age Adults 19 to 64 

Years Old

Working-age adults (aged 19 to 

64) may have different health 

insurance outcomes from other 

age groups because they do 

not qualify for certain programs 

intended for children, such as 

CHIP. Some other programs, such 

as Medicare, are widely available 

to adults aged 65 and older, but 

working-age adults only qualify 

under limited circumstances. 

In 2022, 10.8 percent of adults 

aged 19 to 64 did not have health 

insurance coverage, a decrease of 

0.8 percentage points since 2021 

(Figure 5). 

Between 2021 and 2022, the 

uninsured rate for working-age 

Hispanic adults decreased by 

1.7 percentage points (to 23.4 

percent). The uninsured rate also 

decreased by 1.2 percentage 

points for working-age Black 

adults (to 11.4 percent) and by 0.7 

percentage points for workingage White, non-Hispanic adults 

(to 6.8 percent). There was no 

significant change for Asian adults 

(7.4 percent) in this age group.19

There was a significant decrease in 

the uninsured rate for native-born 

adults aged 19 to 64 between 2021 

and 2022. In 2022, 8.2 percent of 

native-born adults aged 19 to 64 

were uninsured, compared with 

9.1 percent in 2021. While in 2022 

the uninsured rate for all foreignborn adults aged 19 to 64 was not 

statistically different from 2021, 

the uninsured rate for naturalized 

citizens decreased from 10.3 

percent in 2021 to 8.8 percent in 

2022. 

For many adults aged 19 to 64, 

health insurance coverage is 

related to employment status, 

such as working full-time, yearround; working less than full-time, 

year-round; or not working at 

all. The overall decrease in the 

uninsured rate for adults aged 19 

to 64 was driven by the decline in 

the uninsured rate among workers. 

In 2022, 9.8 percent of workers 

were uninsured, a decline of 0.9 

percentage points from 2021. This 

decline occurred for both fulltime, year-round workers, whose 

uninsured rate decreased by 0.6 

percentage points to 8.4 percent, 

and less than full-time, yearround workers whose uninsured 

rate decreased by 1.4 percentage 

points to 13.8 percent.20

Marital status is also related to 

health insurance coverage, as 

many married adults share their 

health plans. Among adults aged 

19 to 64, the uninsured rate in 

2022 for those who were married 

(7.8 percent) was lower than 

separated adults (19.2 percent), 

never married adults (14.5 

percent), widowed adults (13.7 

percent), or divorced adults (11.3 

percent).21

Health insurance rates for adults 

aged 19 to 64 varied by region. 

For example, 15.2 percent of 

working-age adults aged 19 to 64 

living in the South were uninsured 

in 2022, a 0.8 percentage-point 

decrease from 2021. For workingage adults aged 19 to 64, there 

was also a significant decrease 

in the uninsured rate in the 

Northeast (6.7 percent), which 

declined by 0.7 percentage points, 

and in the West (9.7 percent), 

which declined by 1.3 percentage 

points. There was no significant 

change in the uninsured rate 

for adults aged 19 to 64 in the 

Midwest, at 7.2 percent in 2022.22

For working-age adults aged 19 

to 64, health insurance coverage 

may be related to both poverty 

status and residence in an 

expansion state.23

The uninsured rates for workingage adults aged 19 to 64 by 

income-to-poverty group 

were lower in expansion states 

compared with nonexpansion 

states. In 2022, the uninsured 

rate for adults aged 19 to 64 

in poverty was 17.0 percent in 

expansion states, compared with 

37.9 percent in nonexpansion 

states (Figure 6). In expansion 

states, there was a decrease in 

the uninsured rate for adults aged 

19 to 64 between 100 and 399 

percent of their poverty threshold 

(by 1.3 percentage points) and 

at or above 400 percent of 

their poverty threshold (by 0.6 

percentage points). Overall, 

the uninsured rate decreased 

in expansion states by 0.8 

percentage points.
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 9

 

 

West*

South*

Midwest

Northeast*

Region

Never married*

Separated

Divorced*

Widowed

Married2

Marital Status

Did not work

Worked less than full-time, year-round*

Worked full-time, year-round*

All workers*

Work Experience

Noncitizen

Naturalized citizen*

Foreign-born

Native-born*

Nativity

Hispanic (any race)*

Asian

Black*

White, not Hispanic*

Race and Hispanic Origin1

Total*

Figure 5.

Percentage of Working-Age Adults Without Health Insurance Coverage by Selected 

Characteristics: 2021 and 2022 

 

2022 

10.8 2021 11.6

6.8

 7.5

11.4

 12.7

23.4

 25.1

7.4

 7.7

8.2

 9.1

9.8

 10.7

8.4

 9.1

13.8

 15.1

14.5

 14.8

7.8

 8.1

11.3

 12.5

14.5

 15.8

 6.7

 7.4

7.2

 7.7

15.2

 16.0

9.7

 11.0

 19.2

 19.0

 13.7

 12.3

22.1

 22.8

8.8

 10.3

 33.0

 33.1

(Population of adults aged 19 to 64 as of March of the following year)

* Denotes a statistically significant change between 2021 and 2022 at the 90 percent confidence level. 

1 Federal surveys give respondents the option of reporting more than one race. Therefore, two basic ways of defining a race group are 

possible. A group, such as Asian, may be defined as those who reported Asian and no other race (the race-alone or single-race 

concept) or as those who reported Asian regardless of whether they also reported another race (the race-alone-or-in-combination 

concept). This figure shows estimates for the race-alone population.

2 The combined category “married” includes three individual categories: “married, civilian spouse present,” “married, U.S. armed forces 

spouse present,” and “married, spouse absent."

Note: Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at 

<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
10 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

For adults aged 19 to 64 

who were between 100 and 

399 percent of their poverty 

threshold in nonexpansion 

states, the uninsured rate fell by 

2.1 percentage points between 

2021 and 2022. This decrease 

was significant and contributed 

to an overall decrease in the 

uninsured rates for working-age 

adults in nonexpansion states (by 

0.8 percentage points). There 

were no statistical changes in 

the uninsured rates for other 

income-to-poverty groups in 

nonexpansion states. 

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HEALTH 

INSURANCE COVERAGE BY 

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS

The CPS ASEC can also be used 

to look more closely at health 

insurance coverage types for 

selected economic, demographic, 

and social characteristics. 

Examining changes in health 

coverage by type also highlights 

how these changes affect the 

uninsured rate for different 

groups.

Coverage Type for Children 

and Working-Age Adults by 

Income-to-Poverty Ratio

Health insurance coverage and 

type is associated with family 

income-to-poverty ratio, which 

provides a measure of a family’s 

economic resources. Family 

Figure 6.

Uninsured Rate by Income-to-Poverty Ratio and Medicaid Expansion Status of State for 

Adults Aged 19 to 64: 2021 and 2022

Percentage-Point Change in Uninsured Rate Between 2021 and 2022

17.8 17.0

1.5

–2.1*

–0.9 –0.8* –1.3*

–0.6* –0.8 –0.8*

13.7 12.4

36.4 37.9

22.6 20.5

17.0 16.2

6.2 5.4 3.8 3.3

9.2 8.4

At or above Total*

400% 

of poverty

Between 

100% and 399% 

of poverty*

Below 

100% 

of poverty

At or above Total*

400% 

of poverty*

Between 

100% and 399% 

of poverty*

Below 

100% 

of poverty

2021 2022 

Expansion States1

2021 2022

Nonexpansion States1

(Population of adults aged 19 to 64 as of March of the following year)

* Denotes a statistically significant change between 2021 and 2022 at the 90 percent confidence level.

1 Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2022. Expansion states on or before January 1, 2022, include AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, 

HI, IA, ID, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, UT, VA, VT, WA, and WV. For more 

information, refer to <www.medicaid.gov/state-overviews/index.html>. As of March 2023, about 134 million adults aged 19 to 64 lived in 

expansion states and about 62 million adults aged 19 to 64 lived in nonexpansion states.

Note: Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at 

<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 11

resources may determine the 

ability to afford private health 

insurance, and families below 

certain income-to-poverty 

thresholds may qualify for public 

health insurance options. Further, 

policies implemented in 2020 

in response to the COVID-19 

pandemic may have increased 

access to and affordability 

of public and private health 

coverage.

As the income-to-poverty ratio 

increased, the percentage of 

uninsured in 2022 decreased for 

children under 19 years old and 

working-age adults aged 19 to 64 

(Figure 7). Among working-age 

adults, those living in poverty 

had the highest uninsured rate 

(24.2 percent), while those living 

at or above 400 percent of their 

poverty threshold had the lowest 

uninsured rate for 2022 (3.9 

percent). The uninsured rate for 

working-age adults aged 19 to 64 

between 100 and 399 percent of 

Uninsured1

Below

100% of poverty

Between 

100% and 399% 

of poverty

At or above

400% of poverty

Private Coverage1

Below

100% of poverty

Between 

100% and 399% 

of poverty

At or above

400% of poverty

Public Coverage1

Below

100% of poverty

Between 

100% and 399% 

of poverty

At or above

400% of poverty

Figure 7.

Health Insurance by Type and Income-to-Poverty Ratio for Children Under the Age of 19 and 

Adults Aged 19 to 64: 2021 and 2022

(In percent. Population as of March of the following year)

* Denotes a statistically significant change between 2021 and 2022 at the 90 percent confidence level.

1 The poverty universe excludes unrelated individuals under the age of 15 such as foster children.

Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive; people can be covered by more than one type of health insurance 

during the year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at 

<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).

8.9 24.2

Under the age of 19 Aged 19 to 64

6.1 15.2

54.2 62.8

15.7 28.7

93.1

92.1

50.0 79.0

26.0 43.9

6.0

5.9

2.6

3.9

Insurance Type by Income-to-Poverty Ratio in 2022 Change: 2021 to 2022

0.6

0.2

–0.4

*–1.6

*0.9

*–0.6

0.2

1.6

0.7

*1.0

–0.1

0.3

–0.7

*–1.9

–0.3

0.6

*–1.2

0.2

No statistical change between years
12 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

their poverty threshold decreased 

by 1.6 percentage points, to 15.2 

percent in 2022. The uninsured 

rate for working-age adults aged 

19 to 64 who were at or above 

400 percent of their poverty 

threshold also decreased by 0.6 

percentage points.

Among children living in families 

in poverty and children living 

in families between 100 and 

399 percent of their poverty 

threshold, there was no 

statistically significant change in 

the uninsured rate between 2021 

and 2022. In 2022, 8.9 percent 

of children living in families in 

poverty, or about 1.0 million, did 

not have health insurance at any 

time, and 6.1 percent of children 

living in families between 100 

and 399 percent of their poverty 

threshold (about 2.3 million) 

did not have health insurance. 

However, for children living in 

families at 400 percent of their 

poverty threshold or above, the 

uninsured rate increased 0.9 

percentage points to 2.6 percent, 

or about 700,000 children, in 

2022.

Among people in poverty, the 

private health insurance coverage 

rates were 15.7 percent for 

children under the age of 19 and 

28.7 percent for working-age 

adults aged 19 to 64. Each group 

with a higher income-to-poverty 

ratio had a higher rate of private 

insurance. Those living at or above 

400 percent of their poverty 

threshold were the most likely 

to have private health insurance 

(93.1 percent for children and 92.1 

percent for working-age adults). 

The rate of private coverage 

increased by 1.0 percentage 

point between 2021 and 2022 

among working-age adults living 

between 100 and 399 percent of 

their poverty threshold. Private 

coverage rates for other age and 

income-to-poverty groups were 

not statistically different in 2022 

compared with 2021.

In contrast, those living in poverty 

were the most likely to have 

public insurance (79.0 percent 

for children and 50.0 percent for 

working-age adults), while those 

living at or above 400 percent of 

their poverty threshold were the 

least likely to have public health 

insurance (6.0 percent for children 

and 5.9 percent for working-age 

adults). The percentage of people 

with public insurance decreased 

as the income-to-poverty ratio 

increased. Between 2021 and 

2022, public coverage decreased 

1.2 percentage points for children 

under the age of 19 living in 

families at or above 400 percent 

of their poverty threshold. Public 

coverage also decreased 1.9 

percentage points for adults aged 

19 to 64 in poverty.24

Coverage Type by 

Demographic and Social 

Characteristics

Among people of all ages, 

differences in coverage type and 

changes in coverage can be seen 

across demographic and social 

groups. For example, coverage 

rates varied by race and Hispanic 

origin. In 2022, non-Hispanic 

White individuals had the highest 

rate of private coverage (72.3 

percent), followed by Asian (72.2 

percent), Black (56.6 percent), 

and Hispanic individuals (49.4 

percent).25 Although there was 

no significant change in private 

coverage between 2021 and 2022 

for Hispanic and Asian individuals, 

private coverage rates decreased 

by 0.9 percentage points for nonHispanic White individuals and 

increased by 1.5 percentage points 

for Black individuals (Figure 8).

Between 2021 and 2022, public 

coverage rates increased for 

non-Hispanic White individuals 

by 0.8 percentage points and 

decreased for Black individuals by 

1.4 percentage points. There were 

no significant changes in public 

coverage rates between 2021 and 

2022 for other race groups. Black 

individuals had the highest public 

coverage rate of 41.2 percent 

in 2022, followed by Hispanic 

(37.7 percent), non-Hispanic 

White (35.4 percent), and Asian 

individuals (27.8 percent).

Private and public coverage rates 

also varied by nativity status. In 

2022, 67.6 percent of native-born 

individuals had private coverage, 

compared with 54.4 percent of 

foreign-born individuals. The 

public coverage rate for nativeborn individuals was 36.7 percent 

in 2022. While the public coverage 

rate for native-born individuals 

did not statistically change 

between 2021 and 2022, the 

public coverage rate for foreignborn individuals increased by 1.1 

percentage points to 32.8 percent 

in 2022. 

Private coverage rates decreased 

by 0.6 percentage points and 

public coverage rates increased 

by 0.7 percentage points in 

expansion states between 2021 

and 2022. In 2022, 66.6 percent 

of people in expansion states had 

private coverage and 37.6 percent 

had public coverage. There 

were no significant year-to-year 

changes to either private or public 

coverage in nonexpansion states. 

In nonexpansion states in 2022, 

63.6 percent of people had private 

coverage, while 32.9 percent had 

public coverage.
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 13

Total

Race and Hispanic Origin1

White, not Hispanic

Black

Asian

Hispanic (any race)

Nativity

Native-born

Foreign-born

Expansion Status2

Expansion state

Nonexpansion state

Total, 19 to 64 years

Work Experience

All workers

Worked full-time, year-round

Worked less than full-time, 

year-round

Did not work

Disability Status3

With a disability

With no disability

Marital Status

Married4

Not married

Figure 8.

Health Insurance Coverage Type by Selected Characteristics: 2021 and 2022

(In percent. Population as of March of the following year)

 81.7

12.6 80.0

8.9 84.8

36.1 65.6

 Public Private

35.4 72.3

37.6 66.6

32.9 63.6

36.7 67.6

32.8 54.4

19.1 72.9

23.5 66.0

16.3 75.0

42.6 47.5

47.4 52.3

41.2 56.6

27.8 72.2

37.7 49.4

13.9

24.5 63.9

Health Insurance Coverage in 2022 Change: 2021 to 2022

* Denotes a statistically significant change between 2021 and 2022 at the 90 percent confidence level.

Z Rounds to zero.

1 Federal surveys give respondents the option of reporting more than one race. Therefore, two basic ways of defining a race group are 

possible. A group, such as Asian, may be defined as those who reported Asian and no other race (the race-alone or single-race 

concept) or as those who reported Asian regardless of whether they also reported another race (the race-alone-or-in-combination

concept). This figure shows estimates for the race-alone population.

2 Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2022. Expansion states on or before January 1, 2022, include AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, 

DE, HI, IA, ID, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, UT, VA, VT, WA, and WV. 

For more information, refer to <www.medicaid.gov/state-overviews/index.html>.

3 The sum of those with and without a disability does not equal the total because disability status is not defined for individuals in the 

U.S. armed forces. 

4 The combined category “married” includes three individual categories: “married, civilian spouse present,” “married, U.S. armed forces 

spouse present,” and “married, spouse absent." 

Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive; people can be covered by more than one type of health insurance 

during the year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at 

<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).

0.4

–0.3

*0.8

*-0.9

*-1.4

*1.5

0.4

-0.2

0.7

0.6

0.3

-0.3

*1.1

-0.2

*0.7

*-0.6

–0.2

0.2

0.4

0.4

*0.8

0.1

*1.0

-0.3

*1.2

0.3

-0.3

0.5

-0.2

1.4

*0.5

0.3

0.5

Z

0.3

*0.8

No statistical change between years
14 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

When looking at health insurance 

by work experience, disability 

status, or marital status, the 

population of interest includes 

adults aged 19 to 64. For many 

adults aged 19 to 64, health 

insurance coverage is related to 

work status, as many workers may 

be covered by their employers’ 

health plans. Indeed, private 

health insurance coverage rates 

for workers were higher than for 

nonworkers. In 2022, 84.8 percent 

of full-time, year-round workers 

and 66.0 percent of those working 

less than full-time, year-round 

were covered through a private 

insurance plan. By comparison, 

those who did not work at all 

had the lowest rates of private 

health insurance coverage, at 

47.5 percent. There were no 

statistically significant year-toyear changes in rates of private 

coverage for either workers or 

nonworkers.

Rates of public coverage followed 

a different pattern. Nonworkers 

were more likely than workers 

to have public coverage (42.6 

percent of nonworkers and 12.6 

percent of workers). Full-time, 

year-round workers had the 

lowest rate of public coverage at 

8.9 percent, while 23.5 percent 

of workers who worked less than 

full-time, year-round were covered 

by public coverage in 2022. Public 

coverage rates increased for all 

workers by 0.8 percentage points 

in 2022, as public coverage rates 

increased for both full-time, yearround workers (by 1.0 percentage 

point) and for those who worked 

less than full-time, year-round (by 

1.2 percentage points).26

Among adults aged 19 to 64, 

those with a disability were less 

likely than those with no disability 

to have private health insurance 

coverage and were more likely 

to have public coverage. In 2022, 

47.4 percent of working-age 

adults with a disability had private 

coverage, compared with 75.0 

percent with no disability. At the 

same time, 52.3 percent of adults 

aged 19 to 64 with a disability and 

16.3 percent with no disability had 

public coverage. 

There were also differences in 

the distribution of coverage type 

by marital status. For example, 

in 2022, 81.7 percent of married 

adults aged 19 to 64 had private 

coverage, compared with 63.9 

percent of those who were not 

married. Married adults aged 

19 to 64 were also less likely 

to hold public coverage (13.9 

percent) than their nonmarried 

counterparts (24.5 percent). 

Although there was no significant 

change in public coverage for 

either group between 2021 

and 2022, the percentage of 

nonmarried adults aged 19 to 64 

with private coverage increased 

by 0.8 percentage points. 

SUMMARY

In 2022, the uninsured rate 

decreased by 0.4 percentage 

points, and Medicare rates 

increased by 0.3 percentage 

points, likely due to population 

aging. Overall, private coverage 

continued to be more prevalent 

than public insurance. People in 

many social and demographic 

groups saw their uninsured rate 

decline since 2021; notably, 

the uninsured rate declined for 

Black, non-Hispanic White, and 

Hispanic adults aged 19 to 64, and 

residents of both expansion and 

nonexpansion states in the same 

age group. The uninsured rates 

for workers also declined between 

2021 and 2022, due to increased 

rates of public coverage for both 

full-time, year-round workers and 

those who worked less than fulltime, year-round. 

ACCESSING HEALTH 

INSURANCE COVERAGE DATA

State and Local Estimates of 

Health Insurance Coverage

The Census Bureau publishes 

annual estimates of health 

insurance coverage by state and 

other smaller geographic units 

based on data collected in the 

American Community Survey 

(ACS). Single-year estimates are 

available for geographic units with 

a population of 65,000 or more. 

Five-year estimates are available 

for all geographic units, including 

census tracts and block groups.

The Census Bureau’s Small Area 

Health Insurance Estimates (SAHIE) 

program also produces singleyear estimates of health insurance 

for all states and counties. These 

estimates are based on statistical 

models using data from a variety of 

sources including current surveys, 

administrative records, and annual 

population estimates. In general, 

SAHIE estimates have lower 

variances than ACS estimates but 

are released later because they 

incorporate these additional data 

into their models.

SAHIE estimates are available 

at <www.census.gov/programssurveys/sahie.html>. The most 

recent estimates are for 2021.

Additional Data 

Additional estimates from the CPS 

ASEC are available on the Census 

Bureau’s Health Insurance website. 

This includes detailed tables, 

historical tables, press releases, 

briefings, and working papers. 

The websites may be accessed 

through the Census Bureau’s 
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 15

home page at <www.census.gov> 

or directly at <www.census.gov/

topics/health/health-insurance.

html>.

For assistance with health 

insurance data, contact the 

Census Bureau Customer Services 

Center at 1-800-923-8282 (toll 

free), or search your topic of 

interest using the Census Bureau’s 

“Question and Answer Center” 

found at <https://ask.census.gov>.

Data.census.gov

Data.census.gov is a platform to 

access data and digital content 

from the Census Bureau. It 

allows access to the Census 

Bureau’s most popular surveys 

and programs such as the CPS, 

ACS, decennial census, economic 

census, and more.

To learn more about data.census.

gov, check out the release notes at 

<https://www2.census.gov/data/

api-documentation/data-censusgov-release-notes.pdf>.

Public-Use Microdata

Data users can create custom 

statistics from Public Use 

Microdata files using the 

Microdata Access Tool (MDAT), 

available at <https://data.census.

gov/mdat>. Microdata for the 

2023 CPS ASEC and earlier years 

are available online at <www.

census.gov/data/datasets/timeseries/demo/cps/cps-asec.html>. 

Technical methods have been 

applied to CPS microdata to avoid 

disclosing respondents’ identities.

Microdata for the CPS ASEC 

are available online at <www.

census.gov/data/datasets/timeseries/demo/cps/cps-asec.html>. 

Technical methods have been 

applied to CPS microdata to 

avoid disclosing the identities of 

individuals from whom data were 

collected.

Census Data API

The Census Data Application 

Programming Interface (API) gives 

the public access to pretabulated 

data from various Census Bureau 

data programs. It is an efficient 

way to query data directly from 

Census Bureau servers with 

many advantages, including the 

ability to easily download target 

variables and geographies and 

immediately access the most 

current data. Users can find which 

datasets are currently available via 

API online at <www.census.gov/

data/developers/data-sets.html>.

SOURCE AND ACCURACY OF 

THE ESTIMATES 

The CPS is the longest-running 

survey conducted by the Census 

Bureau. The CPS is a household 

survey primarily used to collect 

employment data. The sample 

universe for the basic CPS 

consists of the resident civilian, 

noninstitutionalized population 

of the United States. People in 

institutions, such as prisons, longterm care hospitals, and nursing 

homes, are not eligible to be 

interviewed in the CPS. Students 

living in dormitories are included 

in the estimates only if information 

about them is reported in an 

interview at their parent’s home. 

Since the CPS is a household 

survey, people who are homeless 

and not living in shelters are not 

included in the sample.

The CPS ASEC, which estimates 

in this report are based on, 

collects data in February, March, 

and April each year, asking 

detailed questions categorizing 

income into over 50 sources and 

determining health insurance 

coverage status and health 

insurance type. The key purpose 

of the CPS ASEC is to provide 

timely and comprehensive 

estimates of income, poverty, 

and health insurance and to 

measure change in these nationallevel estimates. The CPS ASEC 

is the official source of national 

poverty estimates calculated 

in accordance with the Office 

of Management and Budget’s 

Statistical Policy Directive 14.

The CPS ASEC collects data in 

the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia; these data do not 

represent residents of Puerto 

Rico or U.S. Island Areas.27 The 

2023 CPS ASEC sample consists 

of about 89,000 addresses. 

The CPS ASEC includes military 

personnel who live in a household 

with at least one civilian adult, 

regardless of whether they live off 

post or on post. All other armed 

forces personnel are excluded. 

The estimates in this report 

are controlled to March 2023 

independent national population 

estimates by age, sex, race, and 

Hispanic origin. Beginning with 

the “Health Insurance Coverage 

in the United States: 2021” report, 

population estimates are based 

on 2020 Census population 

counts and are updated annually 

taking into account births, deaths, 

emigration, and immigration. 

The estimates in this report (which 

may be shown in text, figures, and 

tables) are based on responses 

from a sample of the population 

and may differ from actual values 

because of sampling variability 

or other factors. As a result, 

apparent differences between the 

estimates for two or more groups 

may not be statistically significant. 

All comparative statements have 

undergone statistical testing and 

are statistically significant at the 

90 percent confidence level unless 

otherwise noted. 
16 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

In this report, the variances of 

estimates were calculated using 

replication methods. For estimates 

prior to 2010, or as noted in 

historical tables, the Generalized 

Variance Function method 

was used. More information 

on replicate weights, standard 

errors, income top-coding and 

data swapping on the publicuse file, and changes to the CPS 

ASEC data file from the prior year 

is available at <https://www2.

census.gov/programs-surveys/

cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>.

COMMENTS

The Census Bureau welcomes 

the comments and advice of 

data and report users. If you have 

suggestions or comments on the 

health insurance coverage report, 

contact:

Sharon Stern 

Assistant Division Chief, 

Employment Characteristics 

Social, Economic, and Housing 

 Statistics Division 

U.S. Census Bureau 

Washington, DC 20233-8500

Or email 

<sharon.m.stern@census.gov>.

ENDNOTES

1 For more information, refer to 

“Families First Coronavirus Response 

Act, P.L. 116-127,” March 18, 2020, <www.

congress.gov/116/plaws/publ127/plaw116publ127.pdf>; Congressional Research 

Service, “Health Care Provisions in the 

Families First Coronavirus Response 

Act, P.L. 116-127,” R46316, April 17, 2020, 

<https://crsreports.congress.gov/

product/pdf/R/R46316>; “American 

Rescue Plan Act of 2021,” P.L. 117-2, 

March 11, 2021, <www.congress.gov/117/

plaws/publ2/PLAW-117publ2.pdf>; Katie 

Keith, “Final Coverage Provisions in the 

American Rescue Plan and What Comes 

Next,” Health Affairs Blog, DOI: 10.1377/

hblog20210311.725837, March 11, 2021.

2 The CPS ASEC also includes a 

measure of health insurance coverage 

held at the time of the interview. Although 

this measure of coverage cannot predict 

coverage in a given calendar year, it offers 

a snapshot of health insurance coverage 

early in the year when CPS ASEC data are 

collected.

3 Some people may have more than one 

coverage type during the calendar year.

4 The final category includes CHAMPVA 

(Civilian Health and Medical Program of the 

Department of Veterans Affairs) coverage 

and care provided by the Department of 

Veterans Affairs and the military.

5 In 2022, the percentage of people with 

Medicare coverage was not statistically 

different from the percentage of people 

with Medicaid coverage.

6 Throughout this report, details may 

not sum to totals because of rounding.

7 Infants born after the calendaryear reference period are excluded from 

estimates in this report.

8 The percentage of Medicare coverage 

was not statistically different from the 

percentage of Medicaid coverage.

9 The proportion of the population 65 

years and older with Medicare coverage did 

not statistically change between 2021 and 

2022. The percentage of the U.S. population 

65 years and older, however, increased 

between 2021 and 2022. 10 CHIP is a public program that provides 

health insurance to children in families with 

income too high to qualify for Medicaid, 

but who are likely unable to afford private 

health insurance. 11 The percentage-point change in 

the uninsured rate for adults aged 26 to 

34 was not statistically different from 

the percentage-point change in the 

uninsured rate for adults aged 35 to 44 

or the percentage-point change in the 

uninsured rate for adults aged 45 to 64. The 

percentage-point change in the uninsured 

rate for adults aged 35 to 44 was not 

statistically different from the percentagepoint change in the uninsured rate for 

adults aged 45 to 64. 12 Although most people aged 65 and 

older held coverage through Medicare, 

48.3 percent of people aged 65 and older 

reported holding more than one type of 

coverage concurrently for some or all of 

calendar year 2022. 13 The percentage-point change in the 

uninsured rate for adults 19 to 64 years 

old was not statistically different from the 

percentage-point change in the rate of 

employment-based coverage or directpurchase coverage for adults aged 65 and 

older. The percentage-point change in rate 

of employment-based coverage for adults 

aged 65 and older was not statistically 

different from the percentage-point change 

in the rate of direct-purchase coverage for 

adults aged 65 and older. 14 Federal surveys give respondents the 

option of reporting more than one race. 

Therefore, two basic ways of defining a 

race group are possible. A group, such 

as Asian, may be defined as those who 

reported Asian and no other race (the 

race-alone or single-race concept) or 

as those who reported Asian regardless 

of whether they also reported another 

race (the race-alone-or-in-combination 

concept). The body of this report (text 

and figures) shows data using the first 

approach (race alone). Primary use of 

the single-race population does not 

imply that it is the preferred method of 

presenting or analyzing data. The Census 

Bureau uses a variety of approaches. 

In this report, the terms “White, not 

Hispanic” and “non-Hispanic White” are 

used interchangeably and refer to people 

who are not Hispanic and who reported 

White and no other race. This report uses 

non-Hispanic White as the comparison 

group for other race and Hispanic origin 

groups. Since Hispanic individuals may 

be any race, data in this report for the 

Hispanic population overlap with data for 

race groups. Of those who reported only 

one race, Hispanic origin was reported by 

16.6 percent of White householders, 5.6 

percent of Black householders, 2.9 percent 

of Asian householders, and 29.7 percent 

of American Indian and Alaska Native 

householders. Data users should exercise 

caution when interpreting aggregate 

results for the Hispanic population or for 

race groups because these populations 

consist of many distinct groups that differ 

in socioeconomic characteristics, culture, 

and nativity. Data were first collected for 

Hispanic individuals in 1972 and for Asian 

and Pacific Islander and American Indian 

and Alaska Native individuals in 1987. More 

information is available at <www.census.

gov/programs-surveys/cps.html>. 15 The small sample size of the Asian 

population and the fact that the CPS ASEC 

does not use separate population controls 

for weighting the Asian sample to national 

totals contributes to the large variances 

surrounding estimates for this group. As 

a result, the CPS ASEC may be unable to 

detect statistically significant differences 

between some estimates for the Asian 

population. 16 In 2022, the percentage of native-born 

children with no health insurance coverage 

was not statistically different from the 

percentage of naturalized citizen children 

with no health insurance. 17 For information about how the Census 

Bureau classifies regions, refer to <https://

www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/

maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf>. 18 In 2022, the percentage of children 

in the Northeast with no health insurance 

coverage was not statistically different from 

the percentage of children in the Midwest or 

West with no health insurance. 19 In 2022, the percentage of nonHispanic White adults aged 19 to 64 with 

no health insurance coverage was not 

statistically different from the percentage 

of Asian adults aged 19 to 64 with no health 

insurance. 20 The percentage of uninsured adults 

aged 19 to 64 who worked less than 

full-time, year-round was not statistically 

different from the percentage of uninsured 

adults aged 19 to 64 who did not work 

at least 1 week in 2022. The percentagepoint change in the uninsured rate for 

adults aged 19 to 64 who worked less than 

full-time, year-round was not statistically 

different from the percentage-point change 

in the uninsured rate for adults aged 19 to 

64 who worked full-time, year-round or the 

percentage-point change in the uninsured 

rate for all workers aged 19 to 64. 21 In 2022, the percentage of uninsured 

widowed adults aged 19 to 64 was not 

statistically different from the percentage 

of uninsured never married adults aged 19 

to 64.
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 17

22 In 2022, the percentage of uninsured 

adults aged 19 to 64 in the Northeast 

was not statistically different from the 

percentage of uninsured adults aged 19 to 

64 in the Midwest. The percentage-point 

changes in the uninsured rates for adults 

aged 19 to 64 in the Northeast, Midwest, 

West, and South were not statistically 

different from one another. 23 The Office of Management and 

Budget determined the official definition 

of poverty in Statistical Policy Directive 

14. Appendix B of “Poverty in the United 

States: 2022” provides a more detailed 

description of how the Census Bureau 

calculates poverty. More information is 

available at <www.census.gov/content/

dam/Census/library/publications/2023/

demo/p60-280.pdf>.

24 In 2022, the percentage of children 

living in families at or above 400 percent of 

their federal poverty threshold with public 

insurance was not statistically different 

from the percentage of adults aged 19 

to 64 at or above 400 percent of their 

poverty threshold with public insurance. 

Between 2021 and 2022, the percentagepoint change in the rate of children living 

in families at or above 400 percent of their 

poverty threshold with public insurance 

was not statistically different from the 

percentage-point change in the rate of 

adults aged 19 to 64 in poverty with public 

insurance. 25 In 2022, the percentage of nonHispanic White individuals with private 

insurance was not statistically different 

from the percentage of Asian individuals 

with private insurance.

26 In 2022, the percentage-point 

change in private coverage for workers, 

the percentage-point change in private 

coverage for full-time, year-round workers, 

and the percentage-point change in private 

coverage for those who worked less than 

full-time, year-round were not statistically 

different from each other. 27 U.S. Island Areas include American 

Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of 

the Northern Mariana Islands, and the 

U.S. Virgin Islands.
18 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

APPENDIX A. 

Table A-1. 

Percentage of People by Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type by Selected Characteristics: 

2021 and 2022—Con.

(Numbers in thousands. Population as of March of the following year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, 

nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>)

Characteristic

Total

Number

Any health insurance

Uninsured4

Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Private health 

insurance2

Public health 

insurance3

Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±)

    2022 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330,000 92.1 0.2 65.6 0.4 36.1 0.4 7.9 0.2

Race5 and Hispanic Origin

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248,700 92.1 0.2 67.1 0.5 35.7 0.4 7.9 0.2

 White, not Hispanic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193,100 95.1 0.2 72.3 0.5 35.4 0.4 4.9 0.2

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,540 91.7 0.6 56.6 1.1 41.2 1.0 8.3 0.6

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,550 94.1 0.6 72.2 1.3 27.8 1.2 5.9 0.6

Hispanic (any race). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,790 82.8 0.6 49.4 0.8 37.7 0.7 17.2 0.6

Age

Under 65 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272,100 90.7 0.3 69.8 0.5 23.9 0.4 9.3 0.3

 Under 19 years6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,200 94.6 0.4 61.8 0.7 36.1 0.7 5.4 0.4

 19 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195,900 89.2 0.3 72.9 0.5 19.1 0.4 10.8 0.3

  19 to 25 years7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,430 86.0 0.7 68.8 0.9 19.5 0.8 14.0 0.7

  26 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,580 87.5 0.5 70.9 0.9 19.5 0.7 12.5 0.5

  35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,490 88.8 0.5 74.1 0.7 17.6 0.6 11.2 0.5

  45 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,390 91.4 0.3 74.9 0.7 19.6 0.6 8.6 0.3

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,880 98.9 0.1 45.9 0.8 93.6 0.3 1.1 0.1

Nativity

Native-born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,200 94.0 0.2 67.6 0.4 36.7 0.4 6.0 0.2

Foreign-born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,780 81.2 0.7 54.4 1.0 32.8 0.8 18.8 0.7

 Naturalized citizen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,940 93.2 0.5 63.2 1.1 39.3 0.9 6.8 0.5

 Not a citizen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,840 69.6 1.2 46.0 1.3 26.7 1.1 30.4 1.2

Region

Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,290 94.9 0.4 66.9 1.0 38.7 0.9 5.1 0.4

Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,800 94.9 0.4 70.4 0.9 35.9 0.8 5.1 0.4

South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,900 88.9 0.4 63.5 0.7 33.9 0.6 11.1 0.4

West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,000 93.0 0.4 64.0 0.9 38.1 0.8 7.0 0.4

State Medicaid Expansion Status8

Lived in Medicaid expansion state. . . . . 226,100 93.9 0.2 66.6 0.5 37.6 0.4 6.1 0.2

Did not live in Medicaid expansion 

state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,900 88.2 0.5 63.6 0.8 32.9 0.7 11.8 0.5

Footnotes provided at end of table.
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 19

Table A-1. 

Percentage of People by Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type by Selected Characteristics: 

2021 and 2022—Con.

(Numbers in thousands. Population as of March of the following year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, 

nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>)

Characteristic

Total

Number

Any health insurance

Uninsured4

Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±)

Private health 

insurance2

Public health 

insurance3

Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±) Percent

Margin of 

error1 (±)

    2021 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328,100 91.7 0.2 66.0 0.3 35.7 0.3 8.3 0.2

Race5 and Hispanic Origin

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248,800 91.8 0.2 67.8 0.4 35.0 0.3 8.2 0.2

 White, not Hispanic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,200 94.8 0.2 73.2 0.4 34.6 0.3 5.2 0.2

Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,960 91.0 0.6 55.1 1.2 42.7 1.0 9.0 0.6

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,680 93.8 0.7 72.4 1.4 27.4 1.3 6.2 0.7

Hispanic (any race). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,520 81.7 0.6 48.8 0.9 37.0 0.8 18.3 0.6

Age

Under 65 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271,900 90.2 0.3 69.5 0.4 23.7 0.3 9.8 0.3

 Under 19 years6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,030 95.0 0.3 61.9 0.6 36.4 0.6 5.0 0.3

 19 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,900 88.4 0.3 72.5 0.4 18.7 0.3 11.6 0.3

  19 to 25 years7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,050 85.1 0.6 68.2 0.8 19.2 0.7 14.9 0.6

  26 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,310 86.5 0.6 70.6 0.8 18.8 0.6 13.5 0.6

  35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,190 88.1 0.6 73.6 0.7 17.5 0.6 11.9 0.6

  45 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,310 90.6 0.4 74.5 0.5 19.1 0.5 9.4 0.4

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,190 98.8 0.1 48.7 0.8 93.5 0.3 1.2 0.1

Nativity

Native-born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,200 93.6 0.2 67.8 0.4 36.4 0.3 6.4 0.2

Foreign-born. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,850 80.5 0.8 54.6 0.9 31.7 0.8 19.5 0.8

 Naturalized citizen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,880 92.1 0.6 62.5 1.2 38.7 1.1 7.9 0.6

 Not a citizen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,970 69.4 1.3 47.1 1.2 25.0 1.1 30.6 1.3

Region

Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,070 94.7 0.4 68.1 1.0 38.8 1.0 5.3 0.4

Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,930 94.5 0.4 71.0 0.8 35.3 0.9 5.5 0.4

South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,100 88.6 0.4 63.3 0.6 34.0 0.5 11.4 0.4

West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,930 92.1 0.4 64.4 0.7 36.6 0.6 7.9 0.4

State Medicaid Expansion Status8

Lived in Medicaid expansion state. . . . . 225,500 93.4 0.2 67.1 0.4 36.9 0.4 6.6 0.2

Did not live in Medicaid expansion 

state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,500 88.0 0.5 63.4 0.7 33.1 0.6 12.0 0.5

1

 A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable 

the estimate. This number, when added to and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this table 

are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights. 2 Private health insurance includes coverage provided through an employer or union, coverage purchased directly, or TRICARE.

3 Public health insurance coverage includes Medicaid, Medicare, CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of 

Veterans Affairs), and care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. 4 Individuals are considered to be uninsured if they did not have health insurance coverage for the entire calendar year.

5 Federal surveys give respondents the option of reporting more than one race. Therefore, two basic ways of defining a race group are 

possible. A group, such as Asian, may be defined as those who reported Asian and no other race (the race-alone or single-race concept) or as 

those who reported Asian regardless of whether they also reported another race (the race-alone-or-in-combination concept). This table shows 

data using the first approach (race alone). The use of the single-race population does not imply that it is the preferred method of presenting 

or analyzing data. The Census Bureau uses a variety of approaches. Data for American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other 

Pacific Islanders, and those reporting two or more races are not shown separately. 6 Children under the age of 19 are eligible for Medicaid/CHIP.

7 This age group is of special interest because of the Affordable Care Act’s dependent coverage provision. Individuals aged 19 to 25 may be 

eligible to be a dependent on a parent’s health insurance plan. 8 Medicaid expansion status as of January 1, 2022. Expansion states on or before January 1, 2022, include AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, HI, 

IA, ID, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, UT, VA, VT, WA, and WV. For more information, 

refer to <www.medicaid.gov/state-overviews/index.html>.

Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive; people can be covered by more than one type of health insurance during 

the year. Estimates may differ from previous publications due to additional rounding implemented to protect respondent privacy.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
20 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A-2. 

Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type by Age and Selected Characteristics: 

2021 and 2022—Con.

(Numbers in thousands. Population as of March of the following year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, 

nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>)

Characteristic

Total

Number

Any health insurance

Uninsured4

Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±)

Private health 

insurance2

Public health 

insurance3

Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±) Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±) Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±)

2022

    Total, 15 to 64 years old. . . . . . 213,600 89.5 0.3 72.2 0.5 20.2 0.4 10.5 0.3

Disability Status5

With disability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,550 92.7 0.6 47.8 1.3 52.2 1.3 7.3 0.6

With no disability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,200 89.2 0.3 74.1 0.5 17.6 0.4 10.8 0.3

Work Experience

All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,000 90.3 0.3 79.8 0.4 13.0 0.3 9.7 0.3

 Worked full-time, year-round. . . . . . . 114,800 91.5 0.3 84.7 0.4 8.9 0.3 8.5 0.3

 Worked less than full-time, 

  year-round. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,240 87.1 0.6 66.8 0.8 23.7 0.7 12.9 0.6

Did not work at least 1 week. . . . . . . . . . 55,640 87.3 0.5 50.7 0.8 40.8 0.8 12.7 0.5

    Total, 19 to 64 years old. . . . . . 195,900 89.2 0.3 72.9 0.5 19.1 0.4 10.8 0.3

Marital Status

Married6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,680 92.2 0.3 81.7 0.5 13.9 0.4 7.8 0.3

Widowed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,239 86.3 2.0 54.2 2.5 35.1 2.5 13.7 2.0

Divorced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,960 88.7 0.9 64.6 1.2 26.8 1.1 11.3 0.9

Separated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,802 80.8 1.9 52.1 2.4 31.6 2.1 19.2 1.9

Never married. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,200 85.5 0.5 64.7 0.7 23.0 0.6 14.5 0.5

    Total, 26 to 64 years old. . . . . . 165,500 89.7 0.3 73.7 0.5 19.0 0.4 10.3 0.3

Educational Attainment

No high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,330 68.8 1.4 35.6 1.4 36.5 1.4 31.2 1.4

High school graduate 

 (includes equivalency). . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,730 85.9 0.5 62.1 0.8 27.4 0.7 14.1 0.5

Some college, no degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,280 90.4 0.6 71.5 1.0 22.7 0.9 9.6 0.6

Associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,410 92.6 0.6 77.4 1.1 18.9 1.1 7.4 0.6

Bachelor’s degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,650 94.8 0.4 87.2 0.6 9.8 0.4 5.2 0.4

Graduate or professional degree. . . . . . 25,060 96.8 0.4 91.9 0.6 6.9 0.6 3.2 0.4

Footnotes provided at end of table.
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 21

Table A-2. 

Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type by Age and Selected Characteristics: 

2021 and 2022—Con.

(Numbers in thousands. Population as of March of the following year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, 

nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>)

Characteristic

Total

Number

Any health insurance

Uninsured4

Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±)

Private health 

insurance2

Public health 

insurance3

Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±) Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±) Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±)

2021

    Total, 15 to 64 years old. . . . . . 212,500 88.9 0.3 71.9 0.4 19.9 0.3 11.1 0.3

Disability Status5

With disability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,780 91.5 0.7 46.3 1.1 52.3 1.3 8.5 0.7

With no disability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,800 88.6 0.3 73.9 0.4 17.2 0.3 11.4 0.3

Work Experience

All workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,800 89.5 0.3 79.7 0.4 12.1 0.3 10.5 0.3

 Worked full-time, year-round. . . . . . . 111,000 90.9 0.3 85.0 0.3 7.9 0.2 9.1 0.3

 Worked less than full-time, 

  year-round. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,760 85.8 0.5 66.5 0.7 22.6 0.6 14.2 0.5

Did not work at least 1 week. . . . . . . . . . 56,760 87.2 0.5 50.3 0.7 41.2 0.7 12.8 0.5

    Total, 19 to 64 years old. . . . . . 194,900 88.4 0.3 72.5 0.4 18.7 0.3 11.6 0.3

Marital Status

Married6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,080 91.9 0.3 81.7 0.5 13.4 0.4 8.1 0.3

Widowed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,267 87.7 1.6 55.6 2.5 36.1 2.4 12.3 1.6

Divorced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,140 87.5 0.7 64.5 1.1 25.8 1.1 12.5 0.7

Separated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,898 81.0 2.1 55.1 2.6 29.1 2.3 19.0 2.1

Never married. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,470 84.2 0.5 63.5 0.6 23.0 0.5 15.8 0.5

    Total, 26 to 64 years old. . . . . . 165,800 88.9 0.3 73.3 0.4 18.6 0.3 11.1 0.3

Educational Attainment

No high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,600 69.8 1.3 34.3 1.1 38.4 1.3 30.2 1.3

High school graduate 

 (includes equivalency). . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,600 84.3 0.7 61.4 0.9 26.4 0.7 15.7 0.7

Some college, no degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,510 89.3 0.6 71.3 0.9 22.1 0.8 10.7 0.6

Associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,730 91.6 0.6 77.2 0.9 18.0 0.8 8.4 0.6

Bachelor’s degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,220 94.6 0.4 87.7 0.5 9.0 0.4 5.4 0.4

Graduate or professional degree. . . . . . 24,150 96.7 0.3 92.2 0.6 6.5 0.5 3.3 0.3

1

 A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable 

the estimate. This number, when added to and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this table 

are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights. 2 Private health insurance includes coverage provided through an employer or union, coverage purchased directly, or TRICARE.

3 Public health insurance coverage includes Medicaid, Medicare, CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of 

Veterans Affairs), and care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. 4 Individuals are considered to be uninsured if they did not have health insurance coverage for the entire calendar year.

5 The sum of those with and without a disability does not equal the total because disability status is not defined for individuals in the U.S. armed 

forces. 6 The combined category “married” includes three individual categories: “married, civilian spouse present,” “married, U.S. armed forces spouse 

present,” and “married, spouse absent.” 

Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive; people can be covered by more than one type of health insurance during 

the year. Estimates may differ from previous publications due to additional rounding implemented to protect respondent privacy.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
22 Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A-3. 

Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type by Household Relationship and Family Income-toPoverty Ratio: 2021 and 2022—Con.

(Numbers in thousands. Population as of March of the following year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, 

nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>)

Characteristic

Total

Number

Any health insurance

Uninsured4

Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±)

Private health 

insurance2

Public health 

insurance3

Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±) Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±) Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±)

    2022 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330,000 92.1 0.2 65.6 0.4 36.1 0.4 7.9 0.2

Household Relationship

Married couple family. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,800 93.9 0.3 73.4 0.5 30.9 0.5 6.1 0.3

 With children under 18 years. . . . . . . . 107,600 92.9 0.4 74.7 0.7 21.9 0.6 7.1 0.4

Unmarried male reference person. . . . . . 43,640 88.6 0.6 58.0 0.9 38.7 0.8 11.4 0.6

 With children under 18 years. . . . . . . . 10,310 89.0 1.4 52.9 2.2 40.3 1.9 11.0 1.4

Unmarried female reference person. . . . 71,790 91.9 0.4 50.3 0.7 51.6 0.7 8.1 0.4

 With children under 18 years. . . . . . . . 30,010 91.2 0.7 42.0 1.3 53.6 1.2 8.8 0.7

Unrelated subfamilies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917 86.9 4.5 56.7 6.2 34.2 6.0 13.1 4.5

Secondary individuals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,840 81.9 1.1 60.5 1.4 24.8 1.2 18.1 1.1

Income-to-Poverty Ratio

Total, poverty universe5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329,400 92.1 0.2 65.7 0.4 36.1 0.4 7.9 0.2

Below 100 percent of poverty. . . . . . . . . 37,820 83.5 0.9 23.7 0.9 65.3 1.1 16.5 0.9

Below 138 percent of poverty. . . . . . . . . 57,150 84.2 0.7 25.3 0.8 64.9 0.9 15.8 0.7

Between 100 and 199 percent of 

poverty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,810 87.3 0.6 38.3 0.8 57.9 0.8 12.7 0.6

Between 200 and 299 percent of 

poverty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,720 90.1 0.6 60.0 0.9 40.6 1.0 9.9 0.6

Between 300 and 399 percent of 

poverty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,990 92.6 0.5 70.9 0.9 31.8 0.9 7.4 0.5

At or above 400 percent of poverty. . . . 141,100 96.9 0.2 87.6 0.4 19.7 0.4 3.1 0.2

Footnotes provided at end of table.
U.S. Census Bureau Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 23

Table A-3. 

Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type by Household Relationship and Family Income-toPoverty Ratio: 2021 and 2022—Con.

(Numbers in thousands. Population as of March of the following year. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, 

nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf>)

Characteristic

Total

Number

Any health insurance

Uninsured4

Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±)

Private health 

insurance2

Public health 

insurance3

Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±) Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±) Percent

Margin 

of error1

(±)

    2021 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328,100 91.7 0.2 66.0 0.3 35.7 0.3 8.3 0.2

Household Relationship

Married couple family. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193,900 93.9 0.3 74.2 0.4 30.4 0.4 6.1 0.3

 With children under 18 years. . . . . . . . 106,800 93.1 0.4 74.8 0.6 21.7 0.6 6.9 0.4

Unmarried male reference person. . . . . . 43,650 87.1 0.6 57.8 0.8 37.2 0.8 12.9 0.6

 With children under 18 years. . . . . . . . 10,730 87.5 1.4 55.0 2.0 36.5 1.8 12.5 1.4

Unmarried female reference person. . . . 72,590 91.2 0.4 50.6 0.7 51.3 0.7 8.8 0.4

 With children under 18 years. . . . . . . . 31,730 90.8 0.7 42.3 1.3 53.8 1.2 9.2 0.7

Unrelated subfamilies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,024 84.3 4.5 46.3 6.6 40.6 5.7 15.7 4.5

Secondary individuals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,890 81.5 1.1 59.7 1.2 25.1 1.2 18.5 1.1

Income-to-Poverty Ratio

Total, poverty universe5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327,500 91.7 0.2 66.0 0.3 35.6 0.3 8.3 0.2

Below 100 percent of poverty. . . . . . . . . 37,810 83.8 0.8 22.6 0.9 66.7 1.0 16.2 0.8

Below 138 percent of poverty. . . . . . . . . 56,840 84.3 0.7 23.9 0.8 66.4 0.8 15.7 0.7

Between 100 and 199 percent of 

poverty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,530 86.8 0.5 38.6 0.8 57.4 0.8 13.2 0.5

Between 200 and 299 percent of 

poverty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,920 89.0 0.6 60.1 0.8 39.3 0.8 11.0 0.6

Between 300 and 399 percent of 

poverty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,690 91.1 0.5 71.1 0.9 30.8 0.8 8.9 0.5

At or above 400 percent of poverty. . . . 144,600 96.7 0.2 87.9 0.3 19.7 0.4 3.3 0.2

1

 A margin of error (MOE) is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the MOE in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable 

the estimate. This number, when added to and subtracted from the estimate, forms the 90 percent confidence interval. MOEs shown in this table 

are based on standard errors calculated using replicate weights. 2 Private health insurance includes coverage provided through an employer or union, coverage purchased directly, or TRICARE.

3 Public health insurance coverage includes Medicaid, Medicare, CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of 

Veterans Affairs), and care provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the military. 4 Individuals are considered to be uninsured if they did not have health insurance coverage for the entire calendar year.

5 The poverty universe excludes unrelated individuals under the age of 15 such as foster children.

Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive; people can be covered by more than one type of health insurance during 

the year. Estimates may differ from previous publications due to additional rounding implemented to protect respondent privacy.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2022 and 2023 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).

Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2022 P60-281 Current Population Reports U.S. Census Bureau

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