1 United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

MEMORANDUM SUBJECT: Emission Standards for Meeting the Ninety Percent Requirement U nder Section

112(c)(6) of the Clean Air Act FROM: Nathan E. Topham, Environmental Engineer

Metals and Minerals Group, SPPD (D243

- 02) TO: DOCKET ID: EPA

- HQ

- OAR

- 200 4

- 0 505 DATE: February 18 , 2011 Section 112(c)(6) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) requires that EPA promulgate emission standards assuring that sources accounting for not less than ninet y (90) percent of the aggregate emissions of each of the hazardous air pollutants (HAP) enumerated in section 112(c)(6) are subject to emission standards under section 112(d)(2) or (d)(4). 1 This memorandum describes how the Agency is satisfying this oblig ation under CAA section 112(c)(6) for all seven HAP. This document describes the 1990 base

- year emissions inventory that is used as the baseline for determining whether EPA has promulgated sufficient standards to meet the section 112(c)(6) 90 percent requ irement (hereinafter referred to as the “1990 baseline inventory” or “section 112(c)(6) baseline inventory”). Specifically, the document discusses the 1998 Federal Register notice that presents this 1990 baseline inventory and the source categories determ ined at the time to be needed to meet the 90 percent requirement for each of the seven HAP in section 112(c)(6). The document also describes updates made to the 1990 baseline inventory since the 1998 notice, and any associated changes to the source catego ry list. Appendix I to this memorandum presents the updated 1990 baseline inventory for section 112(c)(6) and the source categories that EPA has

1 The seven HAP enumerated in section 112(c)(6) of the CAA are: Polycyclic organic matter (POM), 2,3,7,8

- tetrachlorodibenzo

- p - dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,7,8

- tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, hexachlorobenzene (HCB ) and alkylated lead compounds.2

concluded are needed to meet the 90 percent requirement for each of the seven section 112(c)(6) HAP. Appendix II provides the name of the emission standards and Code of Federal Regulation reference for each of the source categories identified in Appendix I. In 1998, EPA issued a document entitled Source Category Listing for Section 112(d)(2) Rulemaking Pursuan t to Section 112(c)(6) Requirements , 63 FR 17838, 17839 (1998)

. In that document, EPA explains how it developed a 1990 base

- year emissions inventory for the seven HAP enumerated in section 112(c)(6) of the CAA as the baseline for determining whether 90
per cent of those emissions are subject to standards. In the same notice, based on that inventory, EPA identified the source categories that EPA believed at the time were necessary to meet the 90 percent requirement in section 112(c)(6). That 1990 baseline i nventory and the category listing have undergone several updates since their initial publication in 1998. For example, in a notice dated November 8, 2002, EPA identified five area source categories that were no longer needed to meet the section 112(c)(6) ninety percent requirement. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Revision of Source Category List for S tandards Under Section 112(c)(6) and 112(k) of the Clean Air Act , 67 FR 68124 (2002). 2 Further, in the same notice, EPA removed th e Open Burning of Scrap Tires source category from the 1990 baseline inventory. Due to some of these updates, EPA promulgated emission standards for several additional source categories while determining that certain categories or subcategories are not

ne cessary to meet the 90 percent requirement under section 112(c)(6). These updates and resulting actions are described in more detail below.

2 The five area source categories are as follows: (1) asphalt hot

- mix production; (2) fabricated metal products; (3) paint and allied products; (4) paper coated and laminated; (5) packaging and transportation equipment manuf acturing. Open burning of scrap tires was also removed from the 112(c)(6) and 112(c)(3) inventories. Open burning of scrap tires results from arson, accident, or lightning. There is no industry that uses open burning of scrap tires (this practice is bann ed in all 50 states). Therefore, it is not considered a source appropriate for regulation under section 112 of the CAA.3

I. Additional section 112(c)(6) Source Categories
A. Electric Arc Furnaces Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking was no t included in the section 112(c)(6) baseline inventory published in the 1998 notice. Mercury emissions from EAF during 1990 were evaluated during the development of the EAF area source rule pursuant to section 112(c)(3) and (k)(3)(B) of the CAA. Based on scrap steel charged in EAFs during 1990 (38 million tons) and a revised emission factor 3 from scrap steel, the 1990 base

- year mercury emissions from this category were estimated to be 7.8 tons. As shown in Appendix I, we determined that we needed the EAF area source category to meet the 90 percent requirement for mercury under section 112(c)(6). Accordingly, i n December 2007, EPA promulgated emission standards for EAF area

source steelmaking facilities

. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Electric Arc Furnace Steel Making Facilities , 72 FR 74088 (2007). This rule included mercury emission standards based on maximum achievable control technology (MACT), as required by section 112(c)(6), and standards based on ge nerally available control technology to fulfill section 112(k)(3)(B) obligations for other HAP.
B. Gold Mine Ore Production and Processing The section 112(c)(6) baseline inventory published in 1998 did not include gold mine ore production and processing. At that time, there was very little available information on mercury emissions from gold mine ore production and processing. Since the 199 8 notice, a substantial amount of data and information have become available on mercury emissions from this source category. For example, in 2000, the first estimates of mercury emissions from this source

3 Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Sector Policies and Program Division, Metals and Minerals Group. July 18, 2007. Docket Item 0070 in EPA Docket Number OAR

- 2004

- 0083.4

category were published in the Toxics Release Inve ntory (TRI), largely because of the lower TRI reporting threshold for mercury that went into effect about that time. Following this, from 2001 to 2005, additional data and information were collected through the Voluntary Mercury Reduction Program (VMRP), which was a collaborative agreement between the State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP), EPA’s Region 9 Office, and four gold mining companies. Then, in 2005

- 2006 the EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) and the N DEP sent questionnaires to a number of companies seeking additional information and data on mercury emissions. Moreover, starting in 2007, the NDEP has been requiring all facilities in Nevada to conduct annual mercury emissions tests. Based on these dat a collected over the past several years, which included information about the industry processing and production levels and activities in the early 1990s, EPA has estimated that gold mine ore processing and production emitted about 4.4 tons of mercury in
1 990. 4 These estimated mercury emissions in the 1990 inventory for gold mine ore processing and production are based on emissions from the following thermal processes at gold mine ore processing and production facilities: roasters, autoclaves, carbon kiln s, pregnant storage solution tanks (“preg tanks”), electrowinning, melt furnaces, and retorts. As shown in Appendix I, we determined that we needed the gold mine ore production and processing area source category to meet the 90 percent requirement for m ercury under section 112(c)(6). Accordingly, i n 2010 EPA promulgated MACT standards for mercury emissions from this source category. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Gold Mine Ore Processing and Production Area Source Category; a nd Addition to Source Category List for Standards

- Final Rule , signed by the EPA Administrator on December 16, 2010.
C. Sewage Sludge Incineration (SSI)

4 See Docket ID EPA

- HQ

- OAR

- 2010

- 0239

- 0175.5

In the 1998 notice, SSI was not among the source categories identified for regulation under section 112(c )(6). As discussed in this memorandum and shown in the inventory in Appendix I, there have been a number of updates to the section112(c)(6) baseline emission inventory for mercury since the 1998 notice. Based on the updated mercury baseline inventory,
EP A has determined that additional source categories, including SSI , are needed to meet our 90 percent requirement for mercury under section 112(c)(6)

. II. Categories Not Needed to Meet the 90 Percent Requirement
A. Gasoline Distribution (Aviation) In the 1998 notice, EPA identified the Gasoline Distribution (Aviation) source category for listing due to its alkylated lead emissions. Aircraft use two general types of fuel: aviation gasoline (avgas) and jet fuel. Avgas, which is used for powering piston eng ine aircraft, is the source of alkylated lead emissions in the source category. Alkylated lead is added to avgas to reduce engine knock and help lubricate internal engine components. Research is underway to find alternatives to lead for use in avgas. Wh ile characterizing evaporative emissions of alkylated lead compounds from aviation gasoline, we became aware of other alkylated lead compounds emissions associated with alkylated lead compounds production in 1990. There was one remaining U.S. facility tha t manufactured alkylated lead compounds in 1990. Through discussions with industry representatives and technical evaluation of the information supplied, we have been able to quantify an estimate of the 1990

- base year alkylated lead emissions for the Alkyl ated Lead Production source category and have added this information and data to the section 112(c)(6) baseline inventory. Based on information provided in the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), we identified reported annual emissions of total lead compounds from a single alkylated lead6

production facility of 22 tons in 1990. The TRI did not provide the amount of alkylated lead in the total. Further analysis of the emission inventory submitted to the State produced an estimate of actual alkylated lead emiss ions from this facility of approximately 18 tons in 1990. As shown in Appendix I, the Alkylated Lead Production source category contributed 99.7 percent of the alkylated lead compounds emissions in the updated 1990 baseline inventory. 5 Alkylated lead

com pounds production is regulated by the Hazardous Organic NESHAP (HON), subpart F. 6 EPA has therefore met the 90 percent requirement under section 112(c)(6) for alkylated lead. In light of the above, we conclude that we do not need Gasoline Distribution (A viation) to meet the 90 percent requirement for alkylated lead under section 112(c)(6). Alkylated lead emission s from gasoline distribution source categor ies have also been updated since the 1998 notice. A review of the 1990 alkylated lead emissions from the distribution of leaded gasoline revealed that the inventory data were based on inaccurate estimates of equipment component counts and leak emission factors. 7 Analysis showed that when the corrected equipment leak data are used, the total estimate d 1990 alkylated lead emissions from leaded gasoline distribution would be less than 1⁄2 the estimate in the 199 0 inventory published in the 1998 notice

. We have revised the alkylated lead baseline emission

5 In addition to adding the baseline emission s for the Alklylated Lead Production source category, the other updates to the section 112(c)(6) baseline inventory for alkylated lead include addition of the Upstream Gasoline Distribution (Aviation) (see section IV.B) and revised baseline emission estim ates for Gasoline Distribution Stage I (see section II.B) and Gasoline Distribution (Aviation) discussed in this section. 6 We further note that U.S. production of alkylated lead compounds ended in 1993. 7 In the 112(c)(6) inventory published in 1998, the b aseline alkylated lead emissions estimate for the Gasoline Distribution (Aviation) source category was based on emission factors from a 1994 proposed major source standard for gasoline distribution stage I (Background Information Document (BID) Volume I, P roposed National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Gasoline Distribution (Stage I), EPA

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- 002a). Based on analysis of public comments on that proposed rule, EPA applied updated equipment leak emission factors for the promulgated major source standard for Gasoline Distribution (Stage I) (BID Volume II, Promulgated National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Gasoline Distribution (Stage I), EPA

- 453/R

- 94

- 002b). The updated emission factors were also applied in the p romulgation of area source standards for Gasoline Distribution Stage I (Area Source).7

estimates for all gasoline distribution source cat egories, including Gasoline Distribution (Aviation), accordingly.

B. Gasoline Distribution Stage I (area sources) Alkylated lead compounds and POM are the only two of the seven CAA section 112(c)(6) pollutants that were identified in gasoline. In t he 1998 notice, we did not include Gasoline Distribution Stage I area source category in the section 112(c)(6) source category listing, noting the ban on leaded gasoline in on

- road vehicles. However, in a notice dated November 8, 2002, we provided a revi sed 1990 baseline inventory for 16

- PAH (sum of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) , an indicator for POM, and, as a result, we determined that we needed the Gasoline Distribution Stage I area source category to meet the 90 percent requirement for POM unde r section 112(c)(6). As explained in the proposal preamble to the area source Gasoline Distribution Stage I rule 8 , naphthalene is the only 16

- PAH estimated and reported in the 1990 inventory that is emitted from gasoline distribution facilities. That proposed rule also explained that we revised the 1990 inventory of naphthalene from this source category (major and area sources) based on additional data received and concluded that gasoline distribution facilities (area sources) contribute only 1.73 tons , about 0.02 percent of the total 16

- PAH baseline inventory. We concluded in that rulemaking that we did not need this source category to meet the 90

- percent requirement for POM under section 112(c)(6). Alkylated lead emission s from this source category have also been updated since the 1998 notice in a manner consistent with Gasoline Distribution (Aviation), discussed in the

8 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories: Gasoline Distribution Bulk Terminals, Bulk Plants, Pipeline Facilities, and Gasoline Dis pensing Facilities. November 2006, 71 FR 66064.8

previous section . A review of the 1990 alkylated lead emissions from the distribution of leaded gasoline revealed that the invento ry data were based on inaccurate estimates of equipment component counts and leak emission factors. 9 Analysis showed that when the corrected equipment leak data are used, the total estimated 1990 alkylated lead emissions from leaded gasoline distribution would be less than 1⁄2 the estimate in the 199 0 inventory published in the 1998 notice

. We have revised the alkylated lead baseline emission estimates for all gasoline distribution source categories, including Gasoline Distribution Stage I (Area Source),

a ccordingly.
C. Area Source Wood/Wood Residue and Oil Boilers In the 1998 notice, EPA had identified wood/wood residue ( biomass ) and oil boilers as needed to meet the 90 percent requirement for mercury and POM. There have been a number of significant up dates to the 1990 baseline inventory for mercury. As discussed in Section I.B, EPA has added EAF and Gold Mine Ore Production and Processing to the 1990 baseline inventory for mercury and promulgated mercury MACT standards for these categories. Section I V.A of this memorandum discusses other significant updates to 1990 baseline emissions for mercury. Due to these updates, which are reflected in Appendix I, we have determined that we do not need to regulate mercury emissions from area source biomass and o il boilers to meet the 90 percent requirement for mercury under CAA section 112(c)(6). In addition, as discussed below in section III, we are using 16

- PAH as the baseline inventory for POM. Based on the 16

- PAH baseline inventory, we have determined that we do not need to regulate POM emissions from area source biomass and oil boilers to meet the 90 percent requirement for POM under CAA section 112(c)(6).
III. Use of 16

- PAH Inventory for Polycyclic Organic Matter

9 See footnote 6.9

In the Clean Air Act, POM is defined as “organic compounds with more than one benzene ring and which have a boiling point greater than or equal to 100°C”. As shown in the 1998 notice , we created three inventories (7

- PAH 10 , 16

- PAH 11 , and extractable organic matter (EOM) 12 ) to represent baseline POM emissions. Of the three POM baseline inventories, the 16

- PAH inventory is the most robust, with data on 16

- PAH emissions for 94 categories. In contrast, we have very limited data on EOM, with data on EOM emissions for only18 source categories. 13
The lack of available data on EOM emission creates a distorted picture of the relative contributions of source categories for which there are available EOM data. The lack of source categories making up the total EOM inventory makes the relative contribution o f the few categories that do have data unrealistically inflated. We therefore cannot say with confidence that, by using the baseline inventory for EOM, we are capturing 90 percent of the baseline POM emissions, as required by section 112(c)(6). Similarly , we have data on 7

- PAH for 32 categories, considerably fewer than the 94 categories for which we have 16

- PAH data. Therefore, the 16

- PAH inventory allows for the most accurate representation of the universe of categories that emit POM. Because the use o f all three baseline inventories is neither required nor necessary, and in light of the concern described above with the EOM and 17

- PAH inventories, we have decided to use only the 16

- PAH baseline inventory for determining the 90 percent threshold for POM under section 112(c)(6).
IV. Other Updates to Baseline Emission Inventory

10 composed of benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, and indeno(1,2,3

- cd)pyrene 11 composed of benz(a)anthracene, benz o(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3

- cd)pyrene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo(ghi)perylene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene 12 any methylene chl oride extractable organic matter , measured gravimetrically 13 When justifying its use in the 1998 inventory background document , we said that EPA would undertake an effort to develop a robust inventory for EOM sources to feed into the CAA section 112(c)(6) inventory. Had more data been gathered, perhaps EOM would have proved to be a more useful indicator of POM. However, the anticipated inventory was not developed.10 A. Updates to the 1990 baseline emission inventory for mercury As mentioned above, EPA added 1990 mercury emission estimates for EAF and Gold Mine Ore Production and Processing area source categories into the section 112(c)(6) total baseline inventory for mercury. In addition, EPA discovered that the 112(c)(6) inventory for mercury published in the 1998 Federal Register notice included inaccurate estimates for a number of source cate gories and updated these estimates. These updates are discussed below. 1. Industrial/Commercial Boilers The estimate of mercury emissions from Industrial/Commercial Boilers that was presented in the 1998 Federal Register n otice for 112(c)(6) was 28.9 tons of mercury for year 1990. There were a number of technical problems with this estimate, especially for coal fired boilers. One significant issue is that the activity level (2820 trillion BTUs) used in the calculations in the 112(c)(6) inventory back ground document was incorrect. This activity level represented all coal use in industry, including boilers and other uses (e.g., coke ovens). The activity level used should have been for boilers only. A more accurate activity level for 1990 would be abo ut 1633 trillion BTUs. 14 Additionally, we also believe that the emissions factors used to calculate the original estimate from coal

- fired boilers were inaccurate . The emission factors were based on an assumption of zero control and did not account for coal washing. EPA stated at the time that “because mercury reductions from coal washing and any other reductions that may occur across existing control devices are not accounted for, the emissions may be overestimated”. 15 Applying

14 Estimate based on 1990 historical statistics from the Department of Energy’s Energy Info rmation Administration website of coal use in industrial/commercial sectors (not including coke plants). 15 Mercury Study Report to Congress. December 1997. Available at http://www.epa.gov/hg/report.htm

.11

emission factors used in the development of the major and area source Boiler NESHAP 16 to the revised activity level for coal fired boilers yields roughly 2 tons and 1 ton for major and area sources, respectively. Emissions factors for oil

- fired boilers (6.8 lb/trillion BTUs and 7.2
l b/trillion BTUs) were also too high. Converting these emission factors into mercury concentrations in oil results in an estimate of about 100 ppb mercury concentrations in oil. However, based on data gathered and analyzed for the 1998 EPA Utility Air Tox ics Report to Congress, the average mercury concentration in oil is about 10 ppb. Moreover, the emissions factor for residual oil

- fired boilers (of 0.4 lbs per trillion BTUs) provided in the 1997 EPA Locating and Estimating document 17 is about 10 times low er than the emission factors used for the original 112(c)(6) estimates for oil

- fired boilers. The information discussed above suggests that the estimate shown above for oil

- fired boilers was overestimated by an order of magnitude. A more accurate estimat e is about 0.6 tons.

2. Aerospace Industries (surface coating) Aerospace Industries (surface coating) had an estimate of 4 tons of mercury in the 112(c)(6) inventory published in the 1998 notice. Other inventories developed for year 1990 for other regul atory purposes (including the 112(k) 1990 inventory and the 1990 NEI) had much lower estimates for this category (0.0026 and 0.0030 tpy, respectively). Because of the large discrepancy, we reviewed the 112(c)(6) inventory data for this category, including reviewing the original emissions factor and calculations and consulting with an industry representative. The estimate in the 1998 notice was based on an extremely conservative assumption. According to a

16 The revised emission factor for major source boiler s for this inventory was generated using a weighted average of the six emission factors for various types of control used in the February 21, 2011 Boiler NESHAP. The revised emission factor for area sources was the uncontrolled group in the Boiler NESHAP b ecause these sources were largely uncontrolled with respect to mercury emissions in 1990. 17 US EPA (1997 ): Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of mercury and mercury compounds. Report EPA

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- 012, (NTIS PB98

- 117054), Office of Air Qual ity Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/le/index.html12

1997 docket memo, 18 the emissions estimate was deri ved from reviewing Material Safety Data Sheets ( MSDS ) from five of the major coating suppliers. One of these MSDS showed trace amounts of mercury in only two products (0.00002% by weight), which was rounded up five orders of magnitude to 1% in the invento ry analysis. In light of the above, we concluded that this original estimate of mercury emissions (or 4 tons) from Aerospace was substantially overestimated. Therefore, we searched and gathered information to calculate a more reasonable estimate. We ob tained information on sales of aerospace coatings and mercuric mildewcides in 1990. Using these data, potential mercury emissions for 1990 were calculated, as follows. In 1990 aerospace coatings accounted for 0.1% of the volume of coatings produced. In 1990 approximately 400,000 lbs. of mercuric mildewcide/fungicide (as mercury) was sold into the entire coatings market (this amount substantially dec r eased after 1990 to nearly zero). Assuming these were used throughout the industry

- 0.1% * 400,000 lbs. = 400 lbs. of mercuric mildewcides/fungicides used in aerospace coatings . Thus, the maximum emissions would have been 400 lbs. of mercury assuming 100% of mercury in coatings were released. However, mildewcides/fungicides are intended to retard the grow th of fungi on applied surfaces over time. They are intended to remain to a large extent in the coating substrate. We believe that at least 50% of the mildewcide/fungicide remains in the substrate. Therefore, mercury releases from aerospace coatings are estimated to be up to 200 lbs in 1990. Given this information and calculations, we estimate that this source category emitted about 0.1 tons of mercury in 1990. 3. Industrial Turbines and Internal Combustion Engines

18 Memo from Dave Reeves, Midwest Research Institute to Barbara Driscoll, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards regarding HAP emission estimates for aerospace surface coating. November 17, 1997.13

In the 1998 notice, the mercury emis sions from industrial turbines and internal combustion engines fired by natural gas were 1.6 tons and 4.7 tons, respectively. The emissions factors used in those original estimates for these two source categories were 6.63 x 10 - 6
lb/MMBtU and 1.14 x 10 - 5 lb/MMBtU, respectively. However available data 19 indicate that the level of mercury in natural gas is very low and, therefore, mercury emissions from this category are very low. Based on this information, we updated the 1990 mercury emissions for this

ca tegory. As shown in Appendix I, the revised mercury emissions from these two source categories are 0.001 and 0.009 tons, respectively. 4. Human Crematories The mercury emissions from human crematories in the baseline 112(c)(6) inventory (.000377 tons per year) were revised based on data used to calculate mercury emissions in the 112(k) area source inventory. This emission factor led to a value of 0.6 tons of mercury in 1990 emitted from human crematories. 5. Blast Furnaces and Steel Mills Mercury emissi ons from blast furnaces and steel mills were reported as 0.25 tons in the baseline 112(c)(6) inventory. Further review of this estimate led to revision of the mercury estimate from blast furnaces and steel mills as well as electric arc furnace steelmaking (as discussed in section I.A above). Based on a revised emission factor 20 from scrap steel, the mercury emissions are 3.1 tons for blast furnaces and steel mills. 6. Portland Cement

19 Mercury Study Re port to Congress. December 1997. Available at http://www.epa.gov/hg/report.htm

. Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Mercury and Mercury Compounds. December 1997. Available at http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/le/

. 20 Analysis of Mercury Data fo Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Sector Policies and Program Division, Metals and Minerals Group. July 18, 2007. Docket Item 0070 in EPA Docket Number O AR

- 2004

- 0083.14

We believe the estimate for mercury emissions from Portland Cement Manuf acturing

non - hazardous waste kilns (4.13 tons) in the 1998 notice was slightly underestimated. We used the mercury emissions and installed clinker capacity from 2006 21 to generate a ratio of mercury emissions per ton of clinker and applied this ratio to the 1990 clinker capacity. The mercury emissions in 1990 were revised upward to 5.64 tons for this category.

B. Alkylated lead emissions from Upstream Gasoline Distributi on (Aviation) Upstream Gasoline Distribution (Aviation) is being added to the section 112(c)(6) inventory for emissions of alkylated lead. At the time we issued the 1998 notice, we believed that avgas was transported directly from refineries to the airpo rt terminals. Thus, we did not estimate alkylated lead emissions from the distribution of avgas “upstream” of the airport facilities in the section 112(c)(6) emission inventory published in 1998. However, we have since learned that avgas is distributed through bulk terminals located at refineries, as well as through some stand

- alone bulk terminals, prior to being delivered to airport facilities. We have therefore updated the 112(c)(6) baseline inventory for alkylated lead to include estimated 1990

- base year alkylated lead emissions from the distribution of avgas “upstream” of the airport facilities. The alkylated lead emissions for this category are presented in Appendix I.

C. Updates to the 1990 baseline inventory for HCB On August 3, 2000 EPA published a notice in the Federal Register summarizing a finding that tire production (renamed rubber tire manufacturing) emits no HCB (65 FR 47725).

21 Estimate of 2006 installed clinker capacity: 94,690,000 metric tons clinker per year . Estimate of 2006 mercury emissions from major and area sources: 7.27 tons. Estimate of 1990 installed clinker capacity: 73,518,000 metric tons clinker pe r year.15 APPENDIX I

– Updated 112(c)(6) 1990 Baseline Inventory This appendix presents the updated 1990 baseline inventory for the 112(c)(6) pollutants. Table I.1 shows categories that are used to meet our 90% requirement while Table I.2 shows other source categories not needed

to rea ch our 90% requirement.16

Table I.1

– Updated 112(c)(6) 1990 Baseline Inventory

Table I.1 (Continued)17

Table I.1 (Continued)18

Table I.1 (Continued)1920 Appendix II

– Section 112(c)(6) Source Categories and Associated Stan dards This appendix includes tables that cross

- reference 112(c)(6) category names with the associated emission standards (which may reference a source category by a name different from that used in the section 112(c)(6) baseline inventory and source cate gory listing) (Table II.1). Additionally, this appendix identifies the Code of Federal Regulation subparts for the emission standards counted towards reaching the 90% requirement for each of the 112(c)(6) pollutants (Table II.2). Table II.1

– Index of sec tion 112(c)(6) Categories and Section 112 or 129 Source Categories 22 Section 112(c)(6) Category

Name Emission Standard Name(s) CFR Part and Subpart Aerospace Industry (Surface Coating) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for the Aerospace Industries 40 CFR part 63 subpart GG Alkylated Lead Production National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry 40 CFR part 63 subpart F

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry for Process Vents, Storage Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater 40 CFR part 63 subpart G

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Polluta nts for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart H National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Certain Processes Subject to the Negotiated Regulation for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart I

22 Because many of these standards were developed to meet EPA's obligation under CAA section 112(d)(1), EPA had not focused on what was needed to meet its section 112(c)(6) obligation at the time of these rulemakings, Therefore, EPA did not referen ce section 112(c)(6) in the preambles to these rules.21

Section 112(c)(6) Category

Name Emission Standard Name(s) CFR Part and Subpart Asphalt Roofing Production National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for the Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing 40 CFR part 63 subpart LLLLL

Blast Furnace and Steel Mills National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for the Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacture 40 CFR part 63 subpart FFFFF Chemical Manufacturing: Cyclic Crude and Intermediate Production National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry 40 CFR part 63 subpart F

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry for Process Vents, Storage Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater 40 CFR part 63 subpart G

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart H National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Certain Processes Subject to the Negotiated Regulation for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart I

Chlorinated So lvents Production National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry 40 CFR part 63 subpart F

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry for Process Vents, Storage Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater 40 CFR part 63 subpart G

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart H22

Section 112(c)(6) Category

Name Emission Standard Name(s) CFR Part and Subpart National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Certain Processes Subject to the Negotiated Regulation for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart I

Coke Ovens: By

- Product Recovery Plants National Emission Standard for Benzene Emission s from Coke By

- Product Recovery Plants 40 CFR part 61 subpart L
Coke Ovens: Charging, Topside & Door Leaks National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories and for Coke Oven Batteries 40 CFR part 63 subpart L

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks 40 CFR part 63 subpart CCCCC

Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching & Battery Stacks National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categor ies and for Coke Oven Batteries 40 CFR part 63 subpart L

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Coke Ovens: Pushing, Quenching, and Battery Stacks 40 CFR part 63 subpart CCCCC

Commercial Printing: Gravure National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Printing and Publishing Industry 40 CFR part 63 subpart KK
Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF)

- Secondary Steel National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Facilities 40 CFR part 63 subpart YYYYY

Fabricated Metal Products National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products 40 CFR part 63 subpart MMMM

Gasoline Distribution (Stage 1) National Em ission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Gasoline Distribution Facilities (Bulk Gasoline Terminals and Pipeline Breakout Stations) 40 CFR part 63 subpart R23

Section 112(c)(6) Category

Name Emission Standard Name(s) CFR Part and Subpart Gold Mines National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Gold Mine Ore Processing and Production Area Source Category 40 CFR part 63 subpart EEEEEEE

Hazardous Waste Incineration National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Combustors 40 CFR part 63 subpart EEE Industrial Organic Chemicals Ma nufacturing National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry 40 CFR part 63 subpart F

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry for Process Vents, Storage Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater 40 CFR part 63 subpart G

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart H

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Certain Processes Subject to the Negotiated Regulation for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart I

Industrial Stationary IC Engines

- Diesel National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollut ants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines 40 CFR part 63 subpart ZZZZ

Industrial Stationary IC Engines

- Natural Gas National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines 40 CFR part 63 subpart ZZZZ

Industrial/Commercial/Instituti onal Boilers National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Industrial/ Commercial/Institutional Boilers and Process Heaters 40 CFR part 63 subpart DDDDD24

Section 112(c)(6) Category

Name Emission Standard Name(s) CFR Part and Subpart National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers 40 CFR part 63 subpart JJJJJJ

Lightweight Aggregate Kilns National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Combustors 40 CFR part 63 subpart EEE

Medical Waste Incineration Standards of Performance and Emissions Guidelines for Hospitals / Medical / Infectious Waste Incinerators 40 CFR part 60 subpart Ce, Ec; & 40 CFR part 62 subpart HHH Mercury Cell Chlor Alkali Production National Emission Sta ndards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions from Mercury Cell Chlor Alkali Plants 40 CFR part 63 subpart IIIII

Municipal Waste Combustion Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources: Large Municipal Waste 40 CFR part 60 subpart Cb, Ea, Eb; & 40 CFR part 62 subpart FFF Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission Guidelines for Existing Stationary Sources: Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units 40 CFR part 60 subpart AAAA, BBBB & 40 CFR part 62 subpart JJJ Naphthalene Production National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry 40 CFR part 63 subpart F

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry for Process Vents, Storage Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater 40 CFR part 63 subpart G

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Equi pment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart H25

Section 112(c)(6) Category

Name Emission Standard Name(s) CFR Part and Subpart National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Certain Processes Subject to the Negotiated Regulation for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart I

Paints and Allied Products (Major) National Emi ssion Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing 40 CFR part 63 subpart FFFF Paper Coated and Laminated, Packaging National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Paper and Other Web Coating 40 CFR part 63 subpart JJJJ

Pesticides Manufacture & Agricultural Chemicals National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Pesticide Active Ingredient Production 40 CFR part 63 subpart HHH National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry 40 CFR part 63 subpart F

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry for Process Vents, Storage Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater 40 CFR part 63 subpart G

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart H Petroleum Refining: All Processes National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Petroleum Refineries 40 CFR part 63 subpart CC

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units 40 CFR part 63 subpart UUU

Phthalic Anhydride Production National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry 40 CFR part 63 subpart F26

Section 112(c)(6) Category

Name Emission Standard Name(s) CFR Part and Subpart National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants from the S ynthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry for Process Vents, Storage Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater 40 CFR part 63 subpart G

National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart H National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Certain Processes Subject to the Negotiated Regulation for Equipment Leaks 40 CFR part 63 subpart I

Plastics Material and Resins Manufacturing National Emission Standards for Hazardo us Air Pollutants for Group IV Polymers and Resins 40 CFR part 63 subpart JJJ

Portland Cement Manufacture: Hazardous Waste Kilns National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Combustors 40 CFR part 63 subpart EEE

Portland Cement Manufacture: Non

- Hazardous Waste Kilns National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for the Portland Cement Manufacturing Industry 40 CFR part 63 subpart LLL Primary Aluminum Production National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Po llutants for Primary Aluminum Reduction Plants 40 CFR part 63 subpart LL Pulp and Paper

– Kraft Recovery Furnaces National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft, Soda, Sulfite, and Stand

- Alone Se michemical Pulp Mills 40 CFR part 63 subpart MM

Pulp and Paper

– Lime Kilns National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft, Soda, Sulfite, and Stand

- Alone Semichemical Pulp Mills 40 CFR part 63 subpart MM

Secondary Aluminum Smelting National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Secondary Aluminum Production 40 CFR part 63 subpart RRR27

Section 112(c)(6) Category

Name Emission Standard Name(s) CFR Part and Subpart Secondary Lead Smelting National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Secondary Le ad Smelting 40 CFR part 63 subpart X Sewage Sludge Incineration Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources: Sewage Sludge Incineration Units 40 CFR part 60 subparts LLLL, MMMM Ship Building and Repair (Surface Coating) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair (Surface Coating) 40 CFR part 63 subpart II

Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (SICs Combined) National Emission Standards for Hazardou s Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of Automobiles and Light Duty Trucks (Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products) 40 CFR part 63 subpart PPPP

Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations 40 CFR part 63 subpart JJ

Table II.2

– Subparts Used to Reach 90% for 112(c)(6) Pollutants.

112(c)(6) Pollutant Percent Subject to Regulation Code of Federal Regulations

Part and Subpart Alkylated Lead Compounds 99.7% 40 CFR part 63 subparts F, G, H, I Polycyclic Organic Matter (Using 16

- PAH Inventory) 90.0% 40 CFR part 63 subparts F, G, H, I, L, R, X, CC, GG, II, JJ, KK, LL, MM, EEE, JJJ, LLL, MMM, UUU, FFFF, JJJJ, MMMM, PPPP, ZZZZ, CCCCC, DDDDD, FFFFF, LLLLL, JJJJJJ; 40 CFR part 60 subpart Cb, Ce, Ea, Eb, AAAA, BBBB; 40 CFR part 62 subpart FFF, HHH, JJJ Hexachlorobenzene 100% 40 CFR part 63 subparts F, G, H, I, HHH2 8 112(c)(6) Pollutant Percent Subject to Regulation Code of Federal Regulations

Part and Subpart Mercury Compounds 90.3% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, GG, LL, MM, EEE, LLL, DDDDD, IIIII, YYYYY, JJJJJJ, EEEEEEE; 40 CFR part 60 subpart Cb, Ce, Ea, Eb, AAAA, BBBB, LLLL, MMMM; 40 CFR part 62 subpart FFF, HHH, JJJ Polychlorinated Biphenyls 94.5% 40 CFR part 63 subparts EEE; 40 CFR part 60 subpart Cb, Ce, Ea, Eb, AAAA, BBBB; 40 CFR part 62 subpart F FF, HHH, JJJ 2,3,7,8

- Tetrachlorodibenzofurans (furan) and 2,3,7,8

- Tetrachlorodibenzo

- p - dioxin (dioxin) 95.3% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, LL, EEE, LLL, MMM, DDDDD, JJJJJJ; 40 CFR part 60 subpart Cb, Ce, Ea, Eb, AAAA, BBBB; 40 CFR part 62 subpart FFF, HHH, JJJ