# Patent

## Title
Predicted and immediate output torque control architecture for a hybrid powertrain system

## Abstract

A method for controlling torque in a hybrid powertrain system to selectively transfer mechanical power to an output member includes monitoring operator inputs to an accelerator pedal and to a brake pedal. An immediate accelerator output torque request, a predicted accelerator output torque request, an immediate brake output torque request, a predicted brake output torque request, and an axle torque response type are determined. An output torque command to the output member of the transmission is determined based upon the immediate accelerator output torque request and the immediate brake output torque request.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/984,833 filed on Nov. 2, 2007 which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.


TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure pertains to control systems for hybrid powertrain systems.
BACKGROUND
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Known hybrid powertrain architectures include torque-generative devices, including internal combustion engines and electric machines, which transfer torque through a transmission device to an output member. One exemplary hybrid powertrain includes a two-mode, compound-split, electro-mechanical transmission which utilizes an input member for receiving tractive torque from a prime mover power source, preferably an internal combustion engine, and an output member. The output member can be operatively connected to a driveline for a motor vehicle for transferring tractive torque thereto. Electric machines, operative as motors or generators, generate a torque input to the transmission, independently of a torque input from the internal combustion engine. The electric machines may transform vehicle kinetic energy, transferred through the vehicle driveline, to electrical energy that is storable in an electrical energy storage device. A control system monitors various inputs from the vehicle and the operator and provides operational control of the hybrid powertrain, including controlling transmission operating state and gear shifting, controlling the torque-generative devices, and regulating the electrical power interchange among the electrical energy storage device and the electric machines to manage outputs of the transmission, including torque and rotational speed.
SUMMARY
A method for controlling torque in a hybrid powertrain system to selectively transfer mechanical power to an output member includes monitoring operator inputs to an accelerator pedal and to a brake pedal, and determining immediate accelerator output torque request, a predicted accelerator output torque request, an immediate brake output torque request, a predicted brake output torque request, and an axle torque response type. An output torque command to the output member of the transmission is determined based upon the immediate accelerator output torque request and the immediate brake output torque request.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
One or more embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary hybrid powertrain, in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary architecture for a control system and hybrid powertrain, in accordance with the present disclosure; and
FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic flow diagrams of a control system architecture for controlling and managing torque in a hybrid powertrain system, in accordance with the present disclosure.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings, wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating certain exemplary embodiments only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, FIGS. 1 and 2 depict an exemplary electro-mechanical hybrid powertrain. The exemplary electro-mechanical hybrid powertrain in accordance with the present disclosure is depicted in FIG. 1, comprising a two-mode, compound-split, electro-mechanical hybrid transmission 10 operatively connected to an engine 14 and first and second electric machines (‘MG-A’) 56 and (‘MG-B’) 72. The engine 14 and first and second electric machines 56 and 72 each generate power which can be transferred to the transmission 10. The power generated by the engine 14 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 and transferred to the transmission 10 is described in terms of input and motor torques, referred to herein as TI, TA, and TB respectively, and speed, referred to herein as NI, NA, and NB, respectively.
The exemplary engine 14 comprises a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine selectively operative in several states to transfer torque to the transmission 10 via an input shaft 12, and can be either a spark-ignition or a compression-ignition engine. The engine 14 includes a crankshaft (not shown) operatively coupled to the input shaft 12 of the transmission 10. A rotational speed sensor 11 monitors rotational speed of the input shaft 12. Power output from the engine 14, comprising rotational speed and engine torque, can differ from the input speed NI and the input torque TI to the transmission 10 due to placement of torque-consuming components on the input shaft 12 between the engine 14 and the transmission 10, e.g., a hydraulic pump (not shown) and/or a torque management device (not shown).
The exemplary transmission 10 comprises three planetary-gear sets 24, 26 and 28, and four selectively engageable torque-transferring devices, i.e., clutches C1 70, C2 62, C3 73, and C4 75. As used herein, clutches refer to any type of friction torque transfer device including single or compound plate clutches or packs, band clutches, and brakes, for example. A hydraulic control circuit 42, preferably controlled by a transmission control module (hereafter ‘TCM’) 17, is operative to control clutch states. Clutches C2 62 and C4 75 preferably comprise hydraulically-applied rotating friction clutches. Clutches C1 70 and C3 73 preferably comprise hydraulically-controlled stationary devices that can be selectively grounded to a transmission case 68. Each of the clutches C1 70, C2 62, C3 73, and C4 75 is preferably hydraulically applied, selectively receiving pressurized hydraulic fluid via the hydraulic control circuit 42.
The first and second electric machines 56 and 72 preferably comprise three-phase AC machines, each including a stator (not shown) and a rotor (not shown), and respective resolvers 80 and 82. The motor stator for each machine is grounded to an outer portion of the transmission case 68, and includes a stator core with coiled electrical windings extending therefrom. The rotor for the first electric machine 56 is supported on a hub plate gear that is operatively attached to shaft 60 via the second planetary gear set 26. The rotor for the second electric machine 72 is fixedly attached to a sleeve shaft hub 66.
Each of the resolvers 80 and 82 preferably comprises a variable reluctance device including a resolver stator (not shown) and a resolver rotor (not shown). The resolvers 80 and 82 are appropriately positioned and assembled on respective ones of the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. Stators of respective ones of the resolvers 80 and 82 are operatively connected to one of the stators for the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The resolver rotors are operatively connected to the rotor for the corresponding first and second electric machines 56 and 72. Each of the resolvers 80 and 82 is signally and operatively connected to a transmission power inverter control module (hereafter ‘TPIM’) 19, and each senses and monitors rotational position of the resolver rotor relative to the resolver stator, thus monitoring rotational position of respective ones of first and second electric machines 56 and 72. Additionally, the signals output from the resolvers 80 and 82 are interpreted to provide the rotational speeds for first and second electric machines 56 and 72, i.e., NA and NB, respectively.
The transmission 10 includes an output member 64, e.g. a shaft, which is operably connected to a driveline 90 for a vehicle (not shown), to provide output power to the driveline 90 that is transferred to vehicle wheels 93, one of which is shown in FIG. 1. The output power at the output member 64 is characterized in terms of an output rotational speed NO and an output torque TO. A transmission output speed sensor 84 monitors rotational speed and rotational direction of the output member 64. Each of the vehicle wheels 93 is preferably equipped with a sensor 94 adapted to monitor wheel speed, VSS-WHL, the output of which is monitored by a control module of a distributed control module system described with respect to FIG. 2, to determine vehicle speed, and absolute and relative wheel speeds for braking control, traction control, and vehicle acceleration management.
The input torque from the engine 14 and the motor torques from the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 (TI, TA, and TB respectively) are generated as a result of energy conversion from fuel or electrical potential stored in an electrical energy storage device (hereafter ‘ESD’) 74. The ESD 74 is high voltage DC-coupled to the TPIM 19 via DC transfer conductors 27. The transfer conductors 27 include a contactor switch 38. When the contactor switch 38 is closed, under normal operation, electric current can flow between the ESD 74 and the TPIM 19. When the contactor switch 38 is opened electric current flow between the ESD 74 and the TPIM 19 is interrupted. The TPIM 19 transmits electrical power to and from the first electric machine 56 by transfer conductors 29, and the TPIM 19 similarly transmits electrical power to and from the second electric machine 72 by transfer conductors 31 to meet the torque commands for the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 in response to the motor torques TA and TB. Electrical current is transmitted to and from the ESD 74 in accordance with whether the ESD 74 is being charged or discharged.
The TPIM 19 includes the pair of power inverters (not shown) and respective motor control modules (not shown) configured to receive the torque commands and control inverter states therefrom for providing motor drive or regeneration functionality to meet the commanded motor torques TA and TB. The power inverters comprise known complementary three-phase power electronics devices, and each includes a plurality of insulated gate bipolar transistors (not shown) for converting DC power from the ESD 74 to AC power for powering respective ones of the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, by switching at high frequencies. The insulated gate bipolar transistors form a switch mode power supply configured to receive control commands. There is typically one pair of insulated gate bipolar transistors for each phase of each of the three-phase electric machines. States of the insulated gate bipolar transistors are controlled to provide motor drive mechanical power generation or electric power regeneration functionality. The three-phase inverters receive or supply DC electric power via DC transfer conductors 27 and transform it to or from three-phase AC power, which is conducted to or from the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 for operation as motors or generators via transfer conductors 29 and 31 respectively.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the distributed control module system. The elements described hereinafter comprise a subset of an overall vehicle control architecture, and provide coordinated system control of the exemplary hybrid powertrain described in FIG. 1. The distributed control module system synthesizes pertinent information and inputs, and executes algorithms to control various actuators to meet control objectives, including objectives related to fuel economy, emissions, performance, drivability, and protection of hardware, including batteries of ESD 74 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The distributed control module system includes an engine control module (hereafter ‘ECM’) 23, the TCM 17, a battery pack control module (hereafter ‘BPCM’) 21, and the TPIM 19. A hybrid control module (hereafter ‘HCP’) 5 provides supervisory control and coordination of the ECM 23, the TCM 17, the BPCM 21, and the TPIM 19. A user interface (‘UI’) 13 is operatively connected to a plurality of devices through which a vehicle operator controls or directs operation of the electro-mechanical hybrid powertrain. The devices include an accelerator pedal 113 (‘AP’), an operator brake pedal 112 (‘BP’), a transmission gear selector 114 (‘PRNDL’), and a vehicle speed cruise control (not shown). The transmission gear selector 114 may have a discrete number of operator-selectable positions, including the rotational direction of the output member 64 to enable one of a forward and a reverse direction.
The aforementioned control modules communicate with other control modules, sensors, and actuators via a local area network (hereafter ‘LAN’) bus 6. The LAN bus 6 allows for structured communication of states of operating parameters and actuator command signals between the various control modules. The specific communication protocol utilized is application-specific. The LAN bus 6 and appropriate protocols provide for robust messaging and multi-control module interfacing between the aforementioned control modules, and other control modules providing functionality including e.g., antilock braking, traction control, and vehicle stability. Multiple communications buses may be used to improve communications speed and provide some level of signal redundancy and integrity. Communication between individual control modules can also be effected using a direct link, e.g., a serial peripheral interface (‘SPI’) bus (not shown).
The HCP 5 provides supervisory control of the hybrid powertrain, serving to coordinate operation of the ECM 23, TCM 17, TPIM 19, and BPCM 21. Based upon various input signals from the user interface 13 and the hybrid powertrain, including the ESD 74, the HCP 5 determines an operator torque request, an output torque command, an engine input torque command, clutch torque(s) for the applied torque-transfer clutches C1 70, C2 62, C3 73, C4 75 of the transmission 10, and the motor torques TA and TB for the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The TCM 17 is operatively connected to the hydraulic control circuit 42 and provides various functions including monitoring various pressure sensing devices (not shown) and generating and communicating control signals to various solenoids (not shown) thereby controlling pressure switches and control valves contained within the hydraulic control circuit 42.
The ECM 23 is operatively connected to the engine 14, and functions to acquire data from sensors and control actuators of the engine 14 over a plurality of discrete lines, shown for simplicity as an aggregate bi-directional interface cable 35. The ECM 23 receives the engine input torque command from the HCP 5. The ECM 23 determines the actual engine input torque, TI, provided to the transmission 10 at that point in time based upon monitored engine speed and load, which is communicated to the HCP 5. The ECM 23 monitors input from the rotational speed sensor 11 to determine the engine input speed to the input shaft 12, which translates to the transmission input speed, NI. The ECM 23 monitors inputs from sensors (not shown) to determine states of other engine operating parameters including, e.g., a manifold pressure, engine coolant temperature, ambient air temperature, and ambient pressure. The engine load can be determined, for example, from the manifold pressure, or alternatively, from monitoring operator input to the accelerator pedal 113. The ECM 23 generates and communicates command signals to control engine actuators, including, e.g., fuel injectors, ignition modules, and throttle control modules, none of which are shown.
The TCM 17 is operatively connected to the transmission 10 and monitors inputs from sensors (not shown) to determine states of transmission operating parameters. The TCM 17 generates and communicates command signals to control the transmission 10, including controlling the hydraulic control circuit 42. Inputs from the TCM 17 to the HCP 5 include estimated clutch torques for each of the clutches, i.e., C1 70, C2 62, C3 73, and C4 75, and rotational output speed, NO, of the output member 64. Other actuators and sensors may be used to provide additional information from the TCM 17 to the HCP 5 for control purposes. The TCM 17 monitors inputs from pressure switches (not shown) and selectively actuates pressure control solenoids (not shown) and shift solenoids (not shown) of the hydraulic control circuit 42 to selectively actuate the various clutches C1 70, C2 62, C3 73, and C4 75 to achieve various transmission operating range states, as described hereinbelow.
The BPCM 21 is signally connected to sensors (not shown) to monitor the ESD 74, including states of electrical current and voltage parameters, to provide information indicative of parametric states of the batteries of the ESD 74 to the HCP 5. The parametric states of the batteries preferably include battery state-of-charge, battery voltage, battery temperature, and available battery power, referred to as a range PBAT—MIN to PBAT—MAX.
A brake control module (hereafter ‘BrCM’) 22 is operatively connected to friction brakes (not shown) on each of the vehicle wheels 93. The BrCM 22 monitors the operator input to the brake pedal 112 and generates control signals to control the friction brakes and sends a control signal to the HCP 5 to operate the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 based thereon.
Each of the control modules ECM 23, TCM 17, TPIM 19, BPCM 21, and BrCM 22 is preferably a general-purpose digital computer comprising a microprocessor or central processing unit, storage mediums comprising read only memory (‘ROM’), random access memory (‘RAM’), electrically programmable read only memory (‘EPROM’), a high speed clock, analog to digital (‘A/D’) and digital to analog (‘D/A’) circuitry, and input/output circuitry and devices (‘I/O’) and appropriate signal conditioning and buffer circuitry. Each of the control modules has a set of control algorithms, comprising resident program instructions and calibrations stored in one of the storage mediums and executed to provide the respective functions of each computer. Information transfer between the control modules is preferably accomplished using the LAN bus 6 and SPI buses. The control algorithms are executed during preset loop cycles such that each algorithm is executed at least once each loop cycle. Algorithms stored in the non-volatile memory devices are executed by one of the central processing units to monitor inputs from the sensing devices and execute control and diagnostic routines to control operation of the actuators, using preset calibrations. Loop cycles are executed at regular intervals, for example each 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 100 milliseconds during ongoing operation of the hybrid powertrain. Alternatively, algorithms may be executed in response to the occurrence of an event.
The exemplary hybrid powertrain selectively operates in one of several operating range states that can be described in terms of an engine state comprising one of an engine-on state (‘ON’) and an engine-off state (‘OFF’), and a transmission state comprising a plurality of fixed gears and continuously variable operating modes, described with reference to Table 1, below.










TABLE 1






Engine
Transmission Operating
Applied


Description
State
Range State
Clutches



















M1_Eng_Off
OFF
EVT Mode 1
C1 70



M1_Eng_On
ON
EVT Mode 1
C1 70


G1
ON
Fixed Gear Ratio 1
C1 70
C4 75


G2
ON
Fixed Gear Ratio 2
C1 70
C2 62


M2_Eng_Off
OFF
EVT Mode 2
C2 62


M2_Eng_On
ON
EVT Mode 2
C2 62


G3
ON
Fixed Gear Ratio 3
C2 62
C4 75


G4
ON
Fixed Gear Ratio 4
C2 62
C3 73









Each of the transmission operating range states is described in the table and indicates which of the specific clutches C1 70, C2 62, C3 73, and C4 75 are applied for each of the operating range states. A first continuously variable mode, i.e., EVT Mode 1, or M1, is selected by applying clutch C1 70 only in order to “ground” the outer gear member of the third planetary gear set 28. The engine state can be one of ON (‘M1_Eng_On’) or OFF (‘M1_Eng_Off’). A second continuously variable mode, i.e., EVT Mode 2, or M2, is selected by applying clutch C2 62 only to connect the shaft 60 to the carrier of the third planetary gear set 28. The engine state can be one of ON (‘M2_Eng_On’) or OFF (‘M2_Eng_Off’). For purposes of this description, when the engine state is OFF, the engine input speed is equal to zero revolutions per minute (‘RPM’), i.e., the engine crankshaft is not rotating. A fixed gear operation provides a fixed ratio operation of input-to-output speed of the transmission 10, i.e., NI/NO. A first fixed gear operation (‘G1’) is selected by applying clutches C1 70 and C4 75. A second fixed gear operation (‘G2’) is selected by applying clutches C1 70 and C2 62. A third fixed gear operation (‘G3’) is selected by applying clutches C2 62 and C4 75. A fourth fixed gear operation (‘G4’) is selected by applying clutches C2 62 and C3 73. The fixed ratio operation of input-to-output speed increases with increased fixed gear operation due to decreased gear ratios in the planetary gears 24, 26, and 28. The rotational speeds of the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, NA and NB respectively, are dependent on internal rotation of the mechanism as defined by the clutching and are proportional to the input speed measured at the input shaft 12.
In response to operator input via the accelerator pedal 113 and brake pedal 112 as captured by the user interface 13, the HCP 5 and one or more of the other control modules determine torque commands to control the torque generative devices comprising the engine 14 and first and second electric machines 56 and 72 to meet the operator torque request at the output member 64 and transferred to the driveline 90. Based upon input signals from the user interface 13 and the hybrid powertrain including the ESD 74, the HCP 5 determines the operator torque request, a commanded output torque from the transmission 10 to the driveline 90, an input torque from the engine 14, clutch torques for the torque-transfer clutches C1 70, C2 62, C3 73, C4 75 of the transmission 10; and the motor torques for the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, respectively, as is described hereinbelow.
Final vehicle acceleration can be affected by other factors including, e.g., road load, road grade, and vehicle mass. The operating range state is determined for the transmission 10 based upon a variety of operating characteristics of the hybrid powertrain. This includes the operator torque request communicated through the accelerator pedal 113 and brake pedal 112 to the user interface 13 as previously described. The operating range state may be predicated on a hybrid powertrain torque demand caused by a command to operate the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 in an electrical energy generating mode or in a torque generating mode. The operating range state can be determined by an optimization algorithm or routine which determines optimum system efficiency based upon operator demand for power, battery state of charge, and energy efficiencies of the engine 14 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The control system manages torque inputs from the engine 14 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 based upon an outcome of the executed optimization routine, and system efficiencies are optimized thereby, to manage fuel economy and battery charging. Furthermore, operation can be determined based upon a fault in a component or system. The HCP 5 monitors the torque-generative devices, and determines the power output from the transmission 10 required in response to the desired output torque at output member 64 to meet the operator torque request. As should be apparent from the description above, the ESD 74 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 are electrically-operatively coupled for power flow therebetween. Furthermore, the engine 14, the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, and the electro-mechanical transmission 10 are mechanically-operatively coupled to transfer power therebetween to generate a power flow to the output member 64.
FIG. 3 shows a control system architecture for controlling and managing torque and power flow in a powertrain system having multiple torque generative devices, described hereinbelow with reference to the hybrid powertrain system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and residing in the aforementioned control modules in the form of executable algorithms and calibrations. The control system architecture can be applied to any powertrain system having multiple torque generative devices, including, e.g., a hybrid powertrain system having a single electric machine, a hybrid powertrain system having multiple electric machines, and non-hybrid powertrain systems.
The control system architecture of FIG. 3 depicts a flow of pertinent signals through the control modules. In operation, the operator inputs to the accelerator pedal 113 and the brake pedal 112 are monitored to determine the operator torque request (‘To_req’). Operation of the engine 14 and the transmission 10 are monitored to determine the input speed (‘Ni’) and the output speed (‘No’). A strategic optimization control scheme (‘Strategic Control’) 310 determines a preferred input speed (‘Ni_Des’) and a preferred engine state and transmission operating range state (‘Hybrid Range State Des’) based upon the output speed and the operator torque request, and optimized based upon other operating parameters of the hybrid powertrain, including battery power limits and response limits of the engine 14, the transmission 10, and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The strategic optimization control scheme 310 is preferably executed by the HCP 5 during each 100 ms loop cycle and each 25 ms loop cycle.
The outputs of the strategic optimization control scheme 310 are used in a shift execution and engine start/stop control scheme (‘Shift Execution and Engine Start/Stop’) 320 to command changes in the transmission operation (‘Transmission Commands’) including changing the operating range state. This includes commanding execution of a change in the operating range state if the preferred operating range state is different from the present operating range state by commanding changes in application of one or more of the clutches C1 70, C2 62, C3 73, and C4 75 and other transmission commands. The present operating range state (‘Hybrid Range State Actual’) and an input speed profile (‘Ni_Prof’) can be determined. The input speed profile is an estimate of an upcoming input speed and preferably comprises a scalar parametric value that is a targeted input speed for the forthcoming loop cycle. The engine operating commands and the operator torque request are based upon the input speed profile during a transition in the operating range state of the transmission.
A tactical control scheme (‘Tactical Control and Operation’) 330 is repeatedly executed during one of the control loop cycles to determine engine commands (‘Engine Commands’) for operating the engine, including a preferred input torque from the engine 14 to the transmission 10 based upon the output speed, the input speed, and the operator torque request and the present operating range state for the transmission. The engine commands also include engine states including one of an all-cylinder operating state and a cylinder deactivation operating state wherein a portion of the engine cylinders are deactivated and unfueled, and engine states including one of a fueled state and a fuel cutoff state.
A clutch torque (‘Tcl’) for each clutch is estimated in the TCM 17, including the presently applied clutches and the non-applied clutches, and a present engine input torque (‘Ti’) reacting with the input member 12 is determined in the ECM 23. A motor torque control scheme (‘Output and Motor Torque Determination’) 340 is executed to determine the preferred output torque from the powertrain (‘To_cmd’), which includes motor torque commands (‘TA’, ‘TB’) for controlling the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 in this embodiment. The preferred output torque is based upon the estimated clutch torque(s) for each of the clutches, the present input torque from the engine 14, the present operating range state, the input speed, the operator torque request, and the input speed profile. The first and second electric machines 56 and 72 are controlled through the TPIM 19 to meet the preferred motor torque commands based upon the preferred output torque. The motor torque control scheme 340 includes algorithmic code which is regularly executed during the 6.25 ms and 12.5 ms loop cycles to determine the preferred motor torque commands.
FIG. 4 details the system for controlling and managing the output torque in the hybrid powertrain system, described with reference to the hybrid powertrain system of FIGS. 1 and 2 and the control system architecture of FIG. 3. The hybrid powertrain is controlled to transfer the output torque to the output member 64 and thence to the driveline 90 to generate tractive torque at wheel(s) 93 to forwardly propel the vehicle in response to the operator input to the accelerator pedal 113 when the operator selected position of the transmission gear selector 114 commands operation of the vehicle in the forward direction. Preferably, forwardly propelling the vehicle results in vehicle forward acceleration so long as the output torque is sufficient to overcome external loads on the vehicle, e.g., due to road grade, aerodynamic loads, and other loads.
The BrCM 22 commands the friction brakes on the wheels 93 to apply braking force and generates a command for the transmission 10 to create a negative output torque which reacts with the driveline 90 in response to a net operator input to the brake pedal 112 and the accelerator pedal 113. Preferably the applied braking force and the negative output torque can decelerate and stop the vehicle so long as they are sufficient to overcome vehicle kinetic power at wheel(s) 93. The negative output torque reacts with the driveline 90, thus transferring torque to the electro-mechanical transmission 10 and the engine 14. The negative output torque reacted through the electro-mechanical transmission 10 can be transferred to the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 to generate electric power for storage in the ESD 74.
The operator inputs to the accelerator pedal 113 and the brake pedal 112 comprise individually determinable operator torque request inputs including an immediate accelerator output torque request (‘Output Torque Request Accel Immed’), a predicted accelerator output torque request (‘Output Torque Request Accel Prdtd’), an immediate brake output torque request (‘Output Torque Request Brake Immed’), a predicted brake output torque request (‘Output Torque Request Brake Prdtd’) and an axle torque response type (‘Axle Torque Response Type’). As used herein, the term ‘accelerator’ refers to an operator request for forward propulsion preferably resulting in increasing vehicle speed over the present vehicle speed, when the operator selected position of the transmission gear selector 114 commands operation of the vehicle in the forward direction. The terms ‘deceleration’ and ‘brake’ refer to an operator request preferably resulting in decreasing vehicle speed from the present vehicle speed. The immediate accelerator output torque request, the predicted accelerator output torque request, the immediate brake output torque request, the predicted brake output torque request, and the axle torque response type are individual inputs to the control system shown in FIG. 4.
The immediate accelerator output torque request is determined based upon a presently occurring operator input to the accelerator pedal 113, and comprises a request to generate an immediate output torque at the output member 64 preferably to accelerate the vehicle. The immediate accelerator output torque request is unshaped, but can be shaped by events that affect vehicle operation outside the powertrain control. Such events include vehicle level interruptions in the powertrain control for antilock braking, traction control and vehicle stability control, which can be used to unshape or rate-limit the immediate accelerator output torque request.
The predicted accelerator output torque request is determined based upon the operator input to the accelerator pedal 113 and comprises an optimum or preferred output torque at the output member 64. The predicted accelerator output torque request is preferably equal to the immediate accelerator output torque request during normal operating conditions, e.g., when any one of antilock braking, traction control, or vehicle stability is not being commanded. When any one of antilock braking, traction control or vehicle stability is being commanded the predicted accelerator output torque request remains the preferred output torque with the immediate accelerator output torque request being decreased in response to output torque commands related to the antilock braking, traction control, or vehicle stability control.
Blended brake torque includes a combination of the friction braking torque generated at the wheels 93 and the output torque generated at the output member 64 which reacts with the driveline 90 to decelerate the vehicle in response to the operator input to the brake pedal 112.
The immediate brake output torque request is determined based upon a presently occurring operator input to the brake pedal 112, and comprises a request to generate an immediate output torque at the output member 64 to effect a reactive torque with the driveline 90 which preferably decelerates the vehicle. The immediate brake output torque request is determined based upon the operator input to the brake pedal 112 and the control signal to control the friction brakes to generate friction braking torque.
The predicted brake output torque request comprises an optimum or preferred brake output torque at the output member 64 in response to an operator input to the brake pedal 112 subject to a maximum brake output torque generated at the output member 64 allowable regardless of the operator input to the brake pedal 112. In one embodiment the maximum brake output torque generated at the output member 64 is limited to −0.2 g. The predicted brake output torque request can be phased out to zero when vehicle speed approaches zero regardless of the operator input to the brake pedal 112. As desired by a user, there can be operating conditions under which the predicted brake output torque request is set to zero, e.g., when the operator setting to the transmission gear selector 114 is set to a reverse gear, and when a transfer case (not shown) is set to a four-wheel drive low range. The operating conditions whereat the predicted brake output torque request is set to zero are those in which blended braking is not preferred due to vehicle operating factors.
The axle torque response type comprises an input state for shaping and rate-limiting the output torque response through the first and second electric machines 56 and 72. The input state for the axle torque response type can be an active state, preferably comprising one of a pleasability limited state a maximum range state, and an inactive state. When the commanded axle torque response type is the active state, the output torque command is the immediate output torque. Preferably the torque response for this response type is as fast as possible.
The predicted accelerator output torque request and the predicted brake output torque request are input to the strategic optimization control scheme (‘Strategic Control’) 310. The strategic optimization control scheme 310 determines a desired operating range state for the transmission 10 (‘Hybrid Range State Des’) and a desired input speed from the engine 14 to the transmission 10 (‘Ni Des’), which comprise inputs to the shift execution and engine operating state control scheme (‘Shift Execution and Engine Start/Stop’) 320.
A change in the input torque from the engine 14 which reacts with the input member from the transmission 10 can be effected by changing mass of intake air to the engine 14 by controlling position of an engine throttle utilizing an electronic throttle control system (not shown), including opening the engine throttle to increase engine torque and closing the engine throttle to decrease engine torque. Changes in the input torque from the engine 14 can be effected by adjusting ignition timing, including retarding spark timing from a mean-best-torque spark timing to decrease engine torque. The engine state can be changed between the engine-off state and the engine-on state to effect a change in the input torque. The engine state can be changed between the all-cylinder operating state and the cylinder deactivation operating state, wherein a portion of the engine cylinders are unfueled. The engine state can be changed by selectively operating the engine 14 in one of the fueled state and the fuel cutoff state wherein the engine is rotating and unfueled. Executing a shift in the transmission 10 from a first operating range state to a second operating range state can be commanded and achieved by selectively applying and deactivating the clutches C1 70, C2 62, C3 73, and C4 75.
The immediate accelerator output torque request, the predicted accelerator output torque request, the immediate brake output torque request, the predicted brake output torque request, and the axle torque response type are inputs to the tactical control and operation scheme 330 to determine the engine command comprising the preferred input torque to the engine 14.
The tactical control and operation scheme 330 can be divided into two parts. This includes determining a desired engine torque, and therefore a power split between the engine 14 and the first and second electric machines 56 and 72, and controlling the engine states and operation of the engine 14 to meet the desired engine torque. The engine states include the all-cylinder state and the cylinder deactivation state, and a fueled state and a deceleration fuel cutoff state for the present operating range state and the present engine speed, and the engine-off state and the engine-on state. The tactical control and operation scheme 330 monitors the predicted accelerator output torque request and the predicted brake output torque request to determine the predicted input torque request. The immediate accelerator output torque request and the immediate brake output torque request are used to control the engine speed/load operating point to respond to operator inputs to the accelerator pedal 113 and the brake pedal 112, e.g., to determine the engine command comprising the preferred input torque to the engine 14. Preferably, a rapid change in the preferred input torque to the engine 14 occurs only when the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 cannot meet the operator torque request.
The immediate accelerator output torque request, the immediate brake output torque request, and the axle torque response type are input to the motor torque control scheme (‘Output and Motor Torque Determination’) 340. The motor torque control scheme 340 executes to determine the motor torque commands during each iteration of one of the loop cycles, preferably the 6.25 ms loop cycle.
The present input torque (‘Ti’) from the engine 14 and the estimated applied clutch torque(s) (‘Tcl’) are input to the motor torque control scheme 340. The axle torque response type signal determines the torque response characteristics of the output torque command delivered to the output member 64 and hence to the driveline 90.
The motor torque control scheme 340 controls motor torque commands of the first and second electric machines 56 and 72 to transfer a net commanded output torque to the output member 64 of the transmission 10 that meets the operator torque request.
It is understood that modifications are allowable within the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure has been described with specific reference to the preferred embodiments and modifications thereto. Further modifications and alterations may occur to others upon reading and understanding the specification. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the disclosure.

## Claims

1. Method for controlling a powertrain system including an engine and first and second electric machines mechanically coupled to an electro-mechanical transmission to transfer power to an output member, comprising:
monitoring operator inputs to an accelerator pedal and to a brake pedal;
determining an immediate accelerator output torque request, a predicted accelerator output torque request, an immediate brake output torque request, a predicted brake output torque request, and an axle torque response type based upon the operator inputs to the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal;
controlling engine states and an engine speed to transfer a desired input torque from the engine to the electro-mechanical transmission based on the immediate accelerator output torque request and the immediate brake output torque request, the desired input torque from the engine determined based on the predicted accelerator output torque request and the predicted brake output torque request;
determining an output torque command for controlling the first and second electric machines based upon the immediate accelerator output torque request, the immediate brake output torque request and the axle torque response type; and
controlling the first and second electric machines to transfer an output torque to the output member based upon the output torque command.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the engine states comprise one of an all-cylinder operating state wherein all the engine cylinders are fueled, an unfueled operating state wherein all the engine cylinders are unfueled and a cylinder deactivation operating state wherein a portion of the engine cylinders are deactivated and unfueled.

3. The method of claim 1, comprising determining the immediate accelerator output torque request based upon a presently occurring operator input to the accelerator pedal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicted accelerator output torque request comprises a preferred output torque at the output member to effect acceleration.

5. The method of claim 1, comprising determining the immediate brake output torque request based upon a presently occurring operator input to the brake pedal and a friction braking torque.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the immediate brake output torque request comprises the output torque to the output member transferred to a driveline to effect deceleration.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicted brake output torque request comprises a preferred output torque at the output member during deceleration.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the axle torque response type comprises one of an inactive state and an active state.

9. Method for controlling a powertrain system including an engine and an electric machine mechanically coupled to an electro-mechanical transmission to transfer power to an output member, comprising:
monitoring operator inputs to an accelerator pedal and to a brake pedal;
determining an immediate accelerator output torque request, a predicted accelerator output torque request, an immediate brake output torque request, a predicted brake output torque request and an axle torque response type based upon the operator inputs to the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal;
controlling engine states and an engine speed to transfer a desired input torque from the engine to the electro-mechanical transmission based on the immediate accelerator output torque request and the immediate brake output torque request, the desired input torque from the engine determined based on the predicted accelerator output torque request and the predicted brake output torque request;
determining an output torque command for controlling the electric machine based upon the immediate accelerator output torque request, the immediate brake output torque request and the axle torque response type; and
controlling the electric machine to transfer an output torque to the output member based upon the output torque command.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the engine states comprise one of an all-cylinder operating state wherein all the engine cylinders are fueled, an unfueled operating state wherein all the engine cylinders are unfueled and a cylinder deactivation operating state wherein a portion of the engine cylinders are deactivated and unfueled.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining the immediate accelerator output torque request based upon a presently occurring operator input to the accelerator pedal.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the predicted accelerator output torque request comprises a preferred output torque at the output member during acceleration.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining the immediate brake output torque request based upon a presently occurring operator input to the brake pedal and a friction braking torque.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the predicted brake output torque request comprises a preferred output torque at the output member during deceleration.

15. The method of claim 9, further comprising the axle torque response type comprising one of an inactive state and an active state.

16. A method for operating a powertrain system including an engine and a plurality of electric machines mechanically coupled to a transmission operative in one of a plurality of operating range states to transfer power to an output member, comprising:
monitoring operator inputs to an accelerator pedal and to a brake pedal;
monitoring operation of the engine, transmission, and the electric machines;
determining an immediate accelerator output torque request, a predicted accelerator output torque request, an immediate brake output torque request, a predicted brake output torque request and an axle torque response type based upon the operator inputs to the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal;
controlling engine states and an engine speed to transfer a desired power from the engine to the electro-mechanical transmission based on the immediate accelerator output torque request and the immediate brake output torque request, the desired power from the engine determined based on the predicted accelerator output torque request and the predicted brake output torque request;
determining an output torque command for controlling the electric machines based upon the immediate accelerator output torque request, the immediate brake output torque request and the axle torque response type.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the engine states comprise one of an all-cylinder operating state wherein all the engine cylinders are fueled, an unfueled operating state wherein all the engine cylinders are unfueled and a cylinder deactivation operating state wherein a portion of the engine cylinders are deactivated and unfueled.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising controlling the electric machines to transfer power to the transmission to the output member based upon the output torque command.