Appendix C ‐ Macon PM2.5 Nonattainment Area

Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan

Emissions inventory development for the Macon area 

Emissions inventories for the Macon area were developed for attainment year 2007 and future years 2017 and 2023. 

Direct PM2.5 emissions and PM2.5 precursor emissions (SO2 and NOx), as defined in the Clean Air Fine Particle 

Implementation Rule (72 FR 20586), were included in the inventories. The majority of the 2007 attainment year 

emissions inventory was prepared as part of SESARM’s contracted Southeastern Modeling, Analysis, and Planning 

(SEMAP) project. The majority of the projected emissions inventories was prepared by Georgia EPD. The attainment 

year and future year emissions were prepared for four source categories using different methods. The four source 

categories are: 

 Point sources (EGU and Non-EGU ) 

 Nonpoint sources (including fire) 

 Nonroad mobile sources (including marine, aircraft and railroad) 

 Onroad mobile sources 

The Macon PM2.5 nonattainment area includes Bibb County and part of Monroe County. All point sources located in 

Bibb County and the partial Monroe nonattainment area are included in the emission inventories for the Macon 

nonattainment area. Emissions from area, fires, nonroad and onroad mobile source are calculated first for the whole 

counties, as documented below. Then, the emissions in Monroe County were multiplied by the human population fraction 

in the nonattainment part of Monroe County to get the emissions in Monroe’s partial nonattainment area. 

1.0 Base Year Point Sources 

Emissions estimates for point sources in 2007 were obtained from SEMAP point source inventory v1.8. This 

inventory includes emissions estimates for 74 very large sources in 2007, 109 additional facilities in 2008, and 66 

additional facilities in 2005, which were all submitted to EPA by the state of Georgia. This inventory also includes 19 

facilities in CAMD database which were not included in the state submittal. For facilities with 2005 and 2008 emissions 

(but no 2007 emissions), 2007 emissions were estimated based on a linear interpolation between facility level 2005 and 

2008 emissions on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis to calculate facility level 2007 emissions. For facilities with only 2008 

data (no 2007 or 2005 data available), the SIC growth factors from the VISTAS Best&Final inventory were used to 

backcast 2008 reported emissions to 2007. For facilities with only 2005 data (no 2007 or 2008 data available), the SIC 

growth factors from the VISTAS Best&Final inventory were used to project 2005 reported emissions to 2007. After the 

above backcasting and projecting was performed, additional adjustments were made for facilities where only 2005 data 

were available and the facility did not operate in 2007 or operated for only part of 2007. Facilities that did not operate in 

2007 were removed from the NIF files. For facilities that operated for part of 2007, the 2005 emissions were 

approximated for 2007 by multiply the 2005 emissions by a scaling factor of the number of days the facility operated in 

2007 divided 365 days of full year operation. Also, the end date in the NIF EM and PE tables were changed to reflect the 

actual date that the facility ceased operation. In addition, PM augmentation was performed to generate missing emissions 

estimates for filterable and primary PM2.5, filterable and primary PM10, and condensable PM. 

The SEMAP inventory went through review using EPA’s Basic Format and Content Checker tool (EPA 2004); which 

was used to verify the data was in the correct format, to check for referential integrity and duplicate record issues, and to 

check certain fields for proper valid codes and ranges. This inventory also went through several rounds of quality 

assurance (QA) reviews by State and local (S/L) agencies, as well as a review by SEMAP stakeholders. For more 

information regarding the SEMAP point inventory, please refer to Appendix C-1. 

1.1 EGU Point Sources

Emissions estimates for EGU point sources in 2007 were obtained from SEMAP point source inventory v1.8. The 

only EGU point source in Macon PM2.5 nonattainment area is Plant Scherer (Units SG01 – SG04). Georgia Power 
Appendix C ‐ Macon PM2.5 Nonattainment Area

Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan

provided updated PM and NH3 emissions data for all Georgia Power facilities. The revised PM emission values include 

condensable emissions which were previously missing from the inventory. 

Emissions in 2017 and 2023 were estimated using growth factors and control factors. Growth factors were calculated 

based on coal consumption for the Southeastern region in AEO2010. The SO2 control factor due to Flue Gas 

Desulfurization (FGD) was assumed to be 95% according to VISTAS 2012 Projection Emissions Inventory. The NOx

control factor due to Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) was assumed to be 82.5% according to VISTAS 2012 

Projection Emissions Inventory. The PM2.5 control factor due to FGD was assumed to be 50% according to Table 5.4-1 

on page 5.4-24 of the EPA document "Stationary Source Control Techniques Document for Fine Particulate Matter" 

(EC/R Incorporated, 1998). Table 1 contains control dates for Plant Scherer. Tables 2, 3, and 4 contain a list of unitspecific SO2, NOx, and PM emissions for 2007, 2017, and 2023 and the associated growth and control factors for Plant 

Scherer. 

Table 1. EGU Control Dates for Plant Scherer (AIRS 11500003) 

UnitID NOx Control SO2 Control Other Controls 

Actual 

Operation 

Required 

Operation 

 rule (sss) 

Actual 

Operation 

Required 

Operation

 rule (sss) 

SG01 NO 12/31/14* NO 12/31/14 Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 

Sorbent Injection and Baghouse (12/31/09) 

SG02 NO 12/31/13* NO 12/31/13 Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 

Sorbent Injection and Baghouse (6/1/09) 

SG03 NO 7/1/11* NO 12/31/11 Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 

Sorbent Injection and Baghouse (6/1/09) 

SG04 NO 12/31/12* NO 12/31/12 Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 

Sorbent Injection and Baghouse (4/30/10) 

* SCR operation is required only during months of May through September 

NO = not operating as of December 2010 

Table 2. SO2 emissions projection calculations for EGU point sources 

POINTID 2007 

Emissions 

(tons) 

2017 2023 

Growth Factor Control Factor Emissions 

(tons) 

Growth Factor Control Factor Emissions 

(tons) 

SG01 18450.800 1.013 95% 934.894 1.050 95% 968.232 

SG02 18446.400 1.013 95% 934.671 1.050 95% 968.001 

SG03 20149.700 1.013 95% 1020.976 1.050 95% 1057.384 

SG04 19409.400 1.013 95% 983.465 1.050 95% 1018.535 

Table 3. NOx emissions projection calculations for EGU point sources 

POINTID Emissions 

Fractions in May 

through Sep* 

2007 

Emissions 

(tons) 

2017 2023 

Growth 

Factor 

Control 

Factor 

Emissions 

(tons) 

Growth 

Factor 

Control 

Factor 

Emissions 

(tons) 

SG01 43% 5032.500 1.013 82.5% 3286.143 1.050 82.5% 3403.326 

SG02 42% 4653.480 1.013 82.5% 3099.703 1.050 82.5% 3210.238 

SG03 43% 4473.180 1.013 82.5% 2916.451 1.050 82.5% 3020.451 

SG04 41% 4689.480 1.013 82.5% 3145.361 1.050 82.5% 3257.523 

* These controls will only operate during the period from May through September. Therefore, the fraction of NOx emissions during 

the ozone season in 2007 was calculated using CEM data, and the control factors due to SCR operations were only applied to 

emissions during the ozone season. 
Appendix C ‐ Macon PM2.5 Nonattainment Area

Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan

Table 4. PM2.5 emissions projection calculations for EGU point sources 

POINTID 2007 

Emissions 

(tons) 

2017 2023 

Growth Factor Control Factor Emissions 

(tons) 

Growth Factor Control Factor Emissions 

(tons) 

SG01 238.033 1.013 50.0% 120.610 1.050 50.0% 124.911 

SG02 346.458 1.013 50.0% 175.549 1.050 50.0% 181.809 

SG03 297.269 1.013 50.0% 150.625 1.050 50.0% 155.996 

SG04 284.100 1.013 50.0% 143.952 1.050 50.0% 149.085 

1.2 Non‐EGU Point Sources

Emissions estimates for non-EGU point sources in 2007 were obtained from SEMAP point source inventory v1.8, as 

described in the section for base year point sources. Emissions in future years 2017 and 2023 were estimated using SCCand county-specific growth factors generated with the USEPA’s Economic Growth Analysis System version 5.0 (EGAS 

5.0). Appendix C-7 contains a summary of the SCC-specific growth factors for Macon nonattainment area. Tables 5, 6, 

and 7 contain a list of specific non-EGU point sources in Macon nonattainment area and facility-specific SO2, NOx, and 

PM emissions for 2007, 2017, and 2023. These emissions are not subject to additional controls in the future years 2017 

and 2023. 

Table 5. SO2 emissions projection for non-EGU point sources, tons 

County FIPs PLANT ID FACILITY NAME 2007 2017 2023 

Bibb 13021 02100001 Graphic Packaging International 242.872 251.113 263.064 

Bibb 13021 02100021 Southern Natural Gas Co., Ocmulgee 0.078 0.087 0.095 

Bibb 13021 02100030 Armstrong World Industries Inc 0.000 0.000 0.000 

Bibb 13021 02100167 Cherokee Brick & Tile Company 203.968 254.132 287.631 
Appendix C ‐ Macon PM2.5 Nonattainment Area

Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan

Table 6. NOx emissions projection for non-EGU point sources, tons 

County FIPs PLANT ID FACILITY NAME 2007 2017 2023 

Bibb 13021 02100001 Graphic Packaging International 1259.400 1372.247 1493.333 

Bibb 13021 02100021 Southern Natural Gas Co., Ocmulgee 366.856 408.797 445.414 

Bibb 13021 02100030 Armstrong World Industries Inc 54.662 63.088 70.713 

Bibb 13021 02100167 Cherokee Brick & Tile Company 56.224 70.052 79.286 

Table 7. PM2.5 emissions projection , tons 

County FIPs PLANT ID FACILITY NAME 2007 2017 2023 

Bibb 13021 02100001 Graphic Packaging International 271.746 312.683 343.302 

Bibb 13021 02100021 Southern Natural Gas Co., Ocmulgee 9.938 11.074 12.066 

Bibb 13021 02100030 Armstrong World Industries Inc 46.847 67.042 80.123 

Bibb 13021 02100167 Cherokee Brick & Tile Company 44.395 55.314 62.605 

2.0 Area Sources 

Emissions from area sources in 2007 were obtained from the SEMAP area source inventory v1.1 which was developed by 

Pechan. Pechan created a default 2007 area source inventory that includes all of the source categories covered by the 

2008 nonpoint source NEI. For all source categories except industrial and commercial/institutional (ICI) fuel combustion, 

Pechan either directly incorporated emissions data from the 2008 nonpoint source NEI (when the NEI represented use of 

2007 emissions activity data), or recalculated the NEI emission estimates to reflect 2007 activity levels (when the NEI 

reflected 2006 or 2008 activity levels) and/or to remove emissions associated with activity reflected in the point source 

inventory. For ICI fuel combustion, the 2008 nonpoint source NEI only developed emissions activity estimates, not 

emission estimates. Because of the potential importance of these source categories and the availability of methodological 

improvements, Pechan utilized an emissions estimation method for ICI fuel combustion incorporates a few refinements to 

the NEI method. These emissions were supplemented with carry-forward categories from 2005 GA CERR submission 

grown using EGAS. For more information regarding the SEMAP area inventory, please refer to Appendix C-2. 

Emissions in future years 2017 and 2023 were estimated using SCC- and county-specific growth factors generated 

with the USEPA’s Economic Growth Analysis System version 5.0 (EGAS 5.0). Appendix C-7 contains a summary of the 

SCC-specific growth factors for Macon nonattainment area. These emissions are not subject to additional controls in the 

future years 2017 and 2023. 

Emissions from fires in 2007 were obtained from the SEMAP final “actual” fire emissions inventory. This inventory 

was developed using 2007 burned area data submitted by states, as well as updated fuel consumption and emissions 

factors (Appendix C-8). Emissions in future years 2017 and 2023 were assumed to be the same as base year 2007. 
Appendix C ‐ Macon PM2.5 Nonattainment Area

Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan

3.0 Nonroad Mobile Sources 

The nonroad sector is comprised of nonroad engines included in EPA’s NONROAD model, such as recreational 

marine and land-based vehicles, farm, construction and industrial machinery, and lawn and garden equipment. This sector 

also includes engines not modeled in NONROAD, specifically aircraft, commercial marine vessels, and locomotives. 

3.1 Nonroad Mobile Sources – NONROAD Model Category

Emissions from NONROAD model source categories in 2007 were obtained from the SEMAP final nonroad mobile 

sources emissions inventory. These emissions were calculated using NMIM2008, which incorporates EPA’s latest 

NONROAD model (NONROAD2008) released in April 2009, and reflects all of EPA’s final nonroad standards to date. 

The county/monthly gasoline profile assignments in the CountyYearMonth table and the gasoline fuel profiles in the 

Gasoline table of the 2007 NMIM county-level database (NCD) were updated with data provided by the State of Georgia. 

For more information regarding the SEMAP nonroad inventory, please refer to Appendix C-2. 

Emissions in future years 2017 and 2023 were also calculated using NMIM2008, using the same meteorological 

inputs as for 2007. Defaults in NMIM 2008 were used for other inputs in future years. 

3.1 Nonroad Mobile Sources – Marine, Aircraft, and Locomotives

Emissions from commercial marine vessels (CMV), aircraft, and locomotives in 2007 were obtained from the 

SEMAP final nonroad mobile sources emissions inventory. For more information regarding the SEMAP marine, aircraft, 

and locomotive inventory, please refer to Appendix C-2. Growth and control factors that were used to develop future year 

emissions were provided by Pechan. For more information regarding the SEMAP marine, aircraft, and locomotive growth 

and control factors, please refer to Appendix C-5. 

2007 CMV emissions in the SEMAP inventory were based largely on EPA’s 2008 NEI, and then were adjusted to 

represent 2007. Growth factors for residual CMVs were developed using average annual growth rates in USEPA 

regulatory impact analysis (RIA) to support their category 3 engine rulemaking. Growth factors for diesel engine CMV 

emissions were based on fuel consumption forecasts published by EIA. Control factors were developed using information 

from USEPA’s RIA. There were no CMV emissions in the Macon nonattainment area. 

2007 aircraft emissions in the SEMAP inventory were primarily based on EPA’s 2008 NEI, which were back-cast to 

2007 using approach operations by airport and aircraft type compiled from the FAA’s Air Traffic Activity Data System 

(ATADS) (FAA, 2010). Growth factors for all aircraft engine and airport-related SCCs were based on landing and takeoff operation (LTO) projections available from the Federal Aviation Administration’s Terminal Area Forecasts (TAF) 

(FAA, 2010). Growth rates for military aircraft were held constant at 2007 levels. No control factors have been applied to 

aircraft for criteria pollutant forecasts. Appendix C-5 contains a list of specific aircraft sources in the Macon 

nonattainment area and SCC-specific SO2, NOx, and PM2.5 emissions for 2007, 2017, and 2023 and the associated growth 

factors. 

2007 locomotive emissions in the SEMAP inventory were obtained from the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory 

Committee for Class I and Class II/III line haul locomotives and railyards. Passenger and commuter rail line emissions 

were grown from EPA’s 2002 NEI to 2007. For Class I and Class II/III line haul and diesel switchyard operations, 

Pechan calculated growth factors based on freight rail sector fuel consumption forecasts. For passenger and commuter 

rail, growth factors were developed from national forecasts of intercity rail diesel consumption, and commuter rail diesel 

consumption. Control factors were based on US EPA’s locomotive engine RIA and associated emission factor guidance. 

Tables 11, 12, and 13 contain a list of specific locomotive sources in the Macon nonattainment area and SCC-specific SO2, 

NOx, and PM2.5 emissions for 2007, 2017, and 2023 and the associated growth and control factors. 
Appendix C ‐ Macon PM2.5 Nonattainment Area

Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan

Table 11. SO2 emissions projection for Locomotives 

 SCC Description 2007 

Emissions 

(tons) 

2017 2023 

Growth 

Factor 

Control 

Factor 

Emissions 

(tons) 

Growth 

Factor 

Control 

Factor 

Emissions 

(tons) 

Bibb 13021 2285002006 Class I 4.20 1.02 95.80% 0.18 1.08 95.87% 0.19 

Bibb 13021 2285002007 Class II/III 0.28 1.02 95.80% 0.01 1.08 95.87% 0.01 

Bibb 13021 2285002010 Yard 2.89 1.02 95.80% 0.12 1.08 95.87% 0.13 

Monroe 13207 2285002006 Class I 3.00 1.02 95.80% 0.13 1.08 95.87% 0.13 

Monroe 13207 2285002007 Class II/III 0.18 1.02 95.80% 0.01 1.08 95.87% 0.01 

Table 12. NOx emissions projection for Locomotives 

 SCC Description 2007 

Emissions 

(tons) 

2017 2023 

Growth 

Factor 

Control 

Factor 

Emissions 

(tons) 

Growth 

Factor 

Control 

Factor 

Emissions 

(tons) 

Bibb 13021 2285002006 Class I 368.85 1.02 34.86% 244.02 1.08 52.00% 190.46 

Bibb 13021 2285002007 Class II/III 40.66 1.02 2.07% 40.44 1.08 7.85% 40.30 

Bibb 13021 2285002010 Yard 327.56 1.02 17.27% 275.21 1.08 30.92% 243.40 

Monroe 13207 2285002006 Class I 263.14 1.02 34.86% 174.09 1.08 52.00% 135.87 

Monroe 13207 2285002007 Class II/III 26.19 1.02 2.07% 26.05 1.08 7.85% 25.96 

Table 13. PM2.5 emissions projection for Locomotives 

 SCC Description 2007 

Emissions 

(tons) 

2017 2023 

Growth 

Factor 

Control 

Factor 

Emissions 

(tons) 

Growth 

Factor 

Control 

Factor 

Emissions 

(tons) 

Bibb 13021 2285002006 Class I 12.92 1.02 53.97 6.04 1.08 69.84 4.19 

Bibb 13021 2285002007 Class II/III 0.92 1.02 16.92 0.78 1.08 20.00 0.79 

Bibb 13021 2285002010 Yard 9.98 1.02 30.77 7.01 1.08 43.08 6.11 

Monroe 13207 2285002006 Class I 9.21 1.02 53.97 4.31 1.08 69.84 2.99 

Monroe 13207 2285002007 Class II/III 0.59 1.02 16.92 0.50 1.08 20.00 0.51 

4.0 Mobile – Onroad 

SO2, NOx, and PM2.5 emissions from onroad mobile sources in 2007 and 2023 were developed by Georgia Department 

of Transportation contractor using MOVES2010a. MOVES was run at county level for Bibb in inventory mode for a July 

day in Year 2007 and 2023. Average 2007 annual daily meteorological inputs were used in both runs. Best available 

local data were used for MOVES inputs such as vehicle population, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by source types, road 

type distribution, speed distributions, ramp fractions, hourly VMT fractions and age distribution. 

SO2, NOx, and PM2.5 emissions from onroad mobile sources in the nonattainment part of Monroe County were 

calculated using a combined method. For running emissions, MOVES was run in rate mode. The emission rate outputs 

were combined with activity data derived using Georgia DOT historical traffic counts to calculate running emissions. For 

non-running emissions, MOVES was run in inventory mode, and the emissions in the nonattainment part of Monroe 

County were calculated using the percent of the human population in the nonattainment area. Local data such as vehicle 

population, VMT, and age distribution were used, and MOVES defaults were used for other MOVES inputs. Please refer 

to Appendix C-3 for more detailed information. 
Appendix C ‐ Macon PM2.5 Nonattainment Area

Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan

5.0 Partial County Fractions 

The partial county fraction was calculated as the ratio of human population in the nonattainment part to the total 

population of Monroe County. The human population in the nonattainment part of Monroe County was estimated as the 

total of human population in census blocks whose geographical centroids fall inside of the nonattainment area boundary. 

According to 2010 Census data, the human population in the nonattainment part of Monroe County is 241, and the total 

population in Monroe County is 26,424. Therefore, the partial county fraction is 241/26424 = 0.91%. 

6.0 QA/QC 

Detailed QA/QC efforts for point and fire sources were documented in the MACTEC 2009 Quality Assurance Project 

Plan (QAPP, MACTEC, 2009), and QA/QC efforts for nonroad and area sources can be found in E.H. Pechan’s 2009 

QAPP. Onroad mobile source emissions were provided by a Georgia Department of Transportation contractor, and were 

verified by running MOVES independently at Georgia EPD. All MOVES input files have been carefully checked. 

References 

MACTEC, 2009. Quality Assurance Project Plan for Point Source, On-Road, and Fire Base Year, Future Year, and 

Control Strategy Emissions Inventories. 

MACTEC, 2011, Development of the Point Source Emission Inventory for 2007 in the SESARM Region (Version 1.8) 

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 2009. Quality Assurance Project Plan for Non-Road and Area Source Base Year and 

Future Year Emissions Inventories. 

EC/R Incorporated, 1998, Stationary Source Control Techniques Document for Fine Particulate Matter, obtained from 

http://www.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/finepmtech.pdf , accessed on 1/19/2011. 

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 2010. Area and Nonroad 2007 Base Year Inventories Final Report. 

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 2011. Growth and Control Factor Development for Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessels, 

and Locomotives 

EPA, 2010. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EGAS Version 5.0, available for download from 

http://www.epa.gov/ttnecas1/egas5.htm, accessed March 2010.