U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Early Release 3 

## Table A2. Energy consumption by sector and source (quadrillion Btu per year, unless otherwise noted)

Sector and source Reference case Annual growth 2010-2035 (percent) 2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Energy consumption

Residential Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.51 0.56 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51 -0.4% Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 -1.7% Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.60 0.63 0.55 0.48 0.43 0.38 0.35 -2.3% Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 1.14 1.22 1.08 1.01 0.95 0.91 0.87 -1.3% Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.90 5.06 4.99 4.95 4.88 4.84 4.76 -0.2% Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -1.1% Renewable energy1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.1% Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.66 4.95 4.79 5.02 5.30 5.63 5.94 0.7% Delivered energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 11.66 11.30 11.42 11.58 11.83 12.02 0.1% Electricity related losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.80 10.39 9.68 10.15 10.70 11.12 11.56 0.4% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.93 22.05 20.98 21.56 22.28 22.95 23.58 0.3%

Commercial Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.4% Motor gasoline 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.4% Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.7% Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.41 0.43 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32 -1.2% Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 -0.0% Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 0.68 0.72 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 -0.6% Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.20 3.29 3.41 3.48 3.50 3.58 3.65 0.4% Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 -0.0% Renewable energy3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.0% Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.46 4.54 4.63 4.93 5.23 5.57 5.89 1.0% Delivered energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.51 8.71 8.84 9.20 9.52 9.93 10.33 0.7% Electricity related losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.39 9.52 9.35 9.95 10.54 10.99 11.45 0.7% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.90 18.22 18.19 19.15 20.06 20.92 21.78 0.7%

Industrial 4 Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 2.00 1.88 2.12 2.20 2.21 2.20 0.4% Motor gasoline 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.24 0.25 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.6% Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 1.16 1.18 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.18 0.1% Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.11 0.12 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 -1.3% Petrochemical feedstocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 0.94 1.04 1.22 1.27 1.28 1.27 1.2% Other petroleum 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.57 3.59 3.46 3.30 3.20 3.19 3.25 -0.4% Liquid fuels and other petroleumsubtotal . . 7.93 8.05 7.92 8.20 8.22 8.21 8.26 0.1% Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.32 6.77 7.14 7.41 7.30 7.18 7.18 0.2% Natural-gas-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - Lease and plant fuel 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.31 1.37 1.42 1.47 1.47 1.50 1.54 0.5% Natural gas subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.63 8.14 8.57 8.87 8.77 8.67 8.72 0.3% Metallurgical coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.45 0.42 -1.1% Other industrial coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.94 1.01 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 -0.2% Coal-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.36 0.48 0.60 - - Net coal coke imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 9.2% Coal subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.32 1.56 1.52 1.74 1.81 1.87 1.94 0.9% Biofuels heat and coproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.82 0.84 0.81 1.00 1.42 2.21 2.74 4.8% Renewable energy7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.37 1.50 1.56 1.68 1.78 1.85 1.94 1.0% Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 3.28 3.42 3.59 3.56 3.49 3.41 0.2% Delivered energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.20 23.37 23.79 25.09 25.57 26.30 27.01 0.6% Electricity related losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.59 6.89 6.91 7.25 7.18 6.89 6.63 -0.2% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.79 30.26 30.70 32.34 32.75 33.19 33.64 0.4%U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Early Release 4 

## Table A2. Energy consumption by sector and source (continued) (quadrillion Btu per year, unless otherwise noted)

Sector and source Reference case Annual growth 2010-2035 (percent) 2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Transportation Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.7% E85 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.26 0.40 0.90 1.31 27.5% Motor gasoline 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.84 16.91 16.27 15.58 15.16 14.74 14.66 -0.6% Jet fuel 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.98 3.07 3.04 3.11 3.20 3.27 3.33 0.3% Distillate fuel oil 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.53 5.77 6.53 6.91 7.02 7.18 7.42 1.0% Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.81 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.2% Other petroleum 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.0% Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 26.36 26.88 26.96 27.00 26.92 27.24 27.90 0.1% Pipeline fuel natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.61 0.65 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.68 0.2% Compressed natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.16 5.7% Liquid hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 5.0% Delivered energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.03 27.59 27.73 27.81 27.75 28.11 28.82 0.2% Electricity related losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.15 4.7% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.08 27.63 27.79 27.87 27.84 28.23 28.97 0.2%

Delivered energy consumption for all sectors Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.68 2.75 2.57 2.81 2.90 2.92 2.91 0.2% E85 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.26 0.40 0.90 1.31 27.5% Motor gasoline 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.13 17.21 16.60 15.92 15.50 15.08 15.01 -0.5% Jet fuel 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.98 3.07 3.04 3.11 3.20 3.27 3.33 0.3% Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 -1.2% Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.65 7.99 8.61 8.92 8.95 9.05 9.27 0.6% Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.99 1.11 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 0.0% Petrochemical feedstocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 0.94 1.04 1.22 1.27 1.28 1.27 1.2% Other petroleum 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.72 3.76 3.62 3.47 3.37 3.36 3.42 -0.4% Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 36.10 36.87 36.58 36.83 36.72 36.98 37.66 0.1% Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.46 15.15 15.61 15.92 15.79 15.73 15.76 0.2% Natural-gas-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - Lease and plant fuel 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.31 1.37 1.42 1.47 1.47 1.50 1.54 0.5% Pipeline natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.61 0.65 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.68 0.2% Natural gas subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.38 17.17 17.72 18.07 17.94 17.90 17.98 0.2% Metallurgical coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.45 0.42 -1.1% Other coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.01 1.08 1.05 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.03 -0.2% Coal-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.36 0.48 0.60 - - Net coal coke imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 9.2% Coal subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.39 1.62 1.58 1.81 1.87 1.93 2.00 0.8% Biofuels heat and coproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.82 0.84 0.81 1.00 1.42 2.21 2.74 4.8% Renewable energy13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.91 2.03 2.09 2.22 2.33 2.39 2.49 0.8% Liquid hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.27 12.79 12.88 13.58 14.13 14.75 15.32 0.7% Delivered energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.87 71.33 71.66 73.52 74.42 76.18 78.18 0.4% Electricity related losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.83 26.84 26.00 27.41 28.51 29.12 29.79 0.4% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.70 98.16 97.66 100.93 102.93 105.29 107.97 0.4%

Electric power 14 Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.3% Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.28 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.24 -0.7% Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 0.39 0.38 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.34 -0.4% Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.04 7.54 8.27 8.06 7.86 8.58 9.13 0.8% Steam coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.23 19.13 16.42 17.61 18.72 19.11 19.57 0.1% Nuclear / uranium 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.36 8.44 8.68 9.28 9.60 9.55 9.35 0.4% Renewable energy16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.77 3.85 4.89 5.44 5.87 6.04 6.48 2.1% Electricity imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.04 -3.0% Total 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.10 39.63 38.88 40.99 42.64 43.86 45.11 0.5%U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Early Release 5 

## Table A2. Energy consumption by sector and source (continued) (quadrillion Btu per year, unless otherwise noted)

Sector and source Reference case Annual growth 2010-2035 (percent) 2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Total energy consumption Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.68 2.75 2.57 2.81 2.90 2.92 2.91 0.2% E85 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.26 0.40 0.90 1.31 27.5% Motor gasoline 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.13 17.21 16.60 15.92 15.50 15.08 15.01 -0.5% Jet fuel 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.98 3.07 3.04 3.11 3.20 3.27 3.33 0.3% Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 -1.2% Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.74 8.08 8.70 9.01 9.05 9.15 9.37 0.6% Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.29 1.39 1.29 1.30 1.32 1.33 1.34 -0.1% Petrochemical feedstocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 0.94 1.04 1.22 1.27 1.28 1.27 1.2% Other petroleum 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.72 3.76 3.62 3.47 3.37 3.36 3.42 -0.4% Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 36.49 37.25 36.89 37.15 37.04 37.31 38.00 0.1% Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.50 22.69 23.88 23.98 23.65 24.32 24.89 0.4% Natural-gas-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - Lease and plant fuel 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.31 1.37 1.42 1.47 1.47 1.50 1.54 0.5% Pipeline natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.61 0.65 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.68 0.2% Natural gas subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.42 24.71 25.99 26.13 25.80 26.49 27.11 0.4% Metallurgical coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.45 0.42 -1.1% Other coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.23 20.21 17.47 18.67 19.78 20.15 20.60 0.1% Coal-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.36 0.48 0.60 - - Net coal coke imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 9.2% Coal subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.62 20.76 18.01 19.42 20.60 21.04 21.57 0.2% Nuclear / uranium 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.36 8.44 8.68 9.28 9.60 9.55 9.35 0.4% Biofuels heat and coproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.82 0.84 0.81 1.00 1.42 2.21 2.74 4.8% Renewable energy18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.68 5.88 6.98 7.66 8.19 8.43 8.97 1.7% Liquid hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - Electricity imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.04 -3.0% Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.70 98.16 97.66 100.93 102.93 105.29 107.97 0.4%
Energy use and related statistics Delivered energy use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.87 71.33 71.66 73.52 74.42 76.18 78.18 0.4% Total energy use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.70 98.16 97.66 100.93 102.93 105.29 107.97 0.4% Ethanol consumed in motor gasoline and E85 0.96 1.11 1.23 1.46 1.64 1.94 2.23 2.8% Population (millions)

.................... 307.84 310.83 326.16 342.01 358.06 374.09 390.09 0.9% Gross domestic product (billion 2005 dollars) . 12703 13088 14870 16954 19176 21736 24639 2.6% Carbon dioxide emissions (million metric tons) 5424.8 5633.6 5433.7 5548.5 5617.5 5695.0 5806.1 0.1%

1 Includes wood used for residential heating. See Table A4 and/or Table A17 for estimates of nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, solar thermal water heating, and electricity generation from wind and solar photovoltaic sources.

2 Includes ethanol (blends of 10 percent or less) and ethers blended into gasoline.

3 Excludes ethanol. Includes commercial sector consumption of wood and wood waste, landfill gas, municipal waste, and other biom ass for combined heat and power. See Table A5 and/or Table A17 for estimates of nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for solar thermal water heating and electricity generation from wind and solar photovoltaic sources.

4 Includes energy for combined heat and power plants, except those whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
5 Includes petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, lubricants, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products.
6 Represents natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations, and in natural gas processing plant machinery.

7 Includes consumption of energy produced from hydroelectric, wood and wood waste, municipal waste, and other biomass sources. E xcludes ethanol blends (10 percent or less) in motor gasoline.

8 E85 refers to a blend of 85 percent ethanol (renewable) and 15 percent motor gasoline (nonrenewable). To address cold startingissues, the percentage of ethanol varies seasonally. The annual average ethanol content of 74 percent is used for this forecast.

9 Includes only kerosene type.
10 Diesel fuel for on- and off- road use.

11 Includes aviation gasoline and lubricants.

12 Includes unfinished oils, natural gasoline, motor gasoline bl ending components, aviation gasoli ne, lubricants, still gas , aspha lt, road oil, petroleum coke, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

13 Includes electricity generated for sale to the grid and for own use from renewable sources, and non-electric energy from renewa ble sources. Excludes ethanol and nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, buildings photovoltaic systems, and solar thermal water heaters.

14 Includes consumption of energy by electricity-only and combined heat and power plants whose primary business is to sell electri city, or electricity and heat, to the public. Includes small power producers and exempt wholesale generators.

15These values represent the energy obtained from uranium when it is used in light water reactors. The total energy content of u ranium is much larger, but alternative processes are required to take advantage of it.

16 Includes conventional hydroelectric, geothermal, wood and wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, other biomass, wind, photovolta ic, and solar thermal sources. Excludes net electricity imports.

17 Includes non-biogenic municipal waste not included above.
18 Includes conventional hydroelectric, geothermal, wood and wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, other biomass, wind, photovolta ic, and solar thermal sources. Excludes ethanol, net electricity imports , and nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, buildings ph otovoltaic systems, and solar thermal water heaters.

Btu = British thermal unit. - - = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Data for 2009 and 2010 are model results and may differ slightly from official EIA data reports.

Sources: 2009 and 2010 consumption based on: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Review 2010, DOE/EIA-0384(2010) (Washington, DC, October 2011). 2009 and 2010 population and gross domestic product: IHS Global Insight Industry and Employment models, Augu st 2011. 2009 and 2010 carbon dioxide emissions: EIA, Monthly Energy Review, October 2011DOE/EIA-0035(2011/10) (Washington, DC, October 2011). Projections: EIA, AEO2012 National Energy Modeling System run REF2012.D121011B.