# Patent

## Title
Dispensers for dispensing microcapsules

## Abstract

A dispenser for applying at least two compositions, the dispenser including at least two reservoirs for storing the at least two compositions, at least two pumps for pumping the at least two compositions, a premix chamber containing a mixing element for mixing the two compositions, at least two channels for delivering the compositions from the reservoirs to the premix chamber, an exit orifice, optionally a swirl chamber, and an actuator.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure generally relates to a dispenser for dispensing a volatile solvent and microcapsules stored in separate reservoirs.
BACKGROUND
Consumers often desire to deliver pleasant fragrances during and/or after application of a product. Such fragrances often contain perfume oils and/or other odoriferous materials that provide a scent for a limited period of time. It is also not uncommon to include a solvent for solubilizing the perfumes oils and/or other odoriferous materials. At times, such solvents may be incompatible with other ingredients that may provide a benefit to the consumer. While dispensers that contain separate chambers for separating incompatible ingredients may exist, such dispensers may not be suitable for application in a fine fragrance context. Thus, there exists a need for dispensers that can keep some incompatible ingredients separate while delivering a suitable experience to the consumer.
SUMMARY
A dispenser (10) comprising a first reservoir (50), the first reservoir (50) comprising a first pump (90) and a first composition (51); a second reservoir (60), the second reservoir (60) comprising a second pump (100) and a second composition (61); a first channel (110) having a proximal end (111) and a distal end (112); a second channel (120) having a proximal end (121) and a distal end (122); an exit orifice (40); a premix chamber (150); a swirl chamber (130); and an actuator (30); wherein the proximal end (111) of the first channel (110) is in liquid communication with the first pump (90) and the distal end (112) of the first channel (110) is in liquid communication with the premix chamber (150); wherein the proximal end (121) of the second channel (120) is in liquid communication with the second pump (100) and the distal end (122) of the second channel (120) is in liquid communication with the premix chamber (150); wherein the premix chamber (150) is in liquid communication with the swirl chamber (130); wherein the swirl chamber (130) is in liquid communication with the exit orifice (40); wherein said first pump (90) and second pump (100) are operatively associated with the actuator (30); wherein said first composition (51) comprises microcapsules and said second composition (61) comprises a volatile solvent; wherein said premix chamber (150) comprises a mixing element (400). A method of providing a longer lasting fragrance, the method comprising spraying the first and second composition using the dispenser described above.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
While the specification concludes with claims, it is believed that the same will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a dispenser;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the side of a dispenser;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the front of a dispenser;
FIG. 3A is a cross sectional view of the front of a dispenser;
FIG. 3B is a cross sectional view of the front of a dispenser;
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional, top view of a dispenser;
FIG. 4A is an enlarged sectional view of an area within FIG. 4;
FIG. 4B is a cross sectional, top view of a dispenser;
FIG. 4C is an enlarged sectional view of an area within FIG. 4B;
FIG. 4D is a cross sectional, top view of a dispenser;
FIG. 4E is a cross sectional, front view on line 4E of FIG. 4D;
FIG. 5 is a perspective, cross sectional view of the top of a dispenser;
FIG. 5A is a perspective, cross sectional view of top of a dispenser without a swirl chamber;
FIG. 5B is a perspective, cross sectional view of a swirl chamber;
FIG. 6 a cross sectional, top view of a dispenser;
FIG. 6A is a cross section of an area within FIG. 6;
FIG. 6B is an enlarged sectional view of an area within FIG. 6;
FIG. 7 is a cross sectional, top view of a dispenser;
FIG. 7A is a front view of an annular baffle;
FIG. 7B is a perspective, cross sectional view of the top of a dispenser;
FIG. 7C is an enlarged sectional view of an area within FIG. 7B;
FIG. 8 is a perspective, cross sectional view of the top of a dispenser;
FIG. 8A is an enlarged sectional view of an area within FIG. 8;
FIG. 8B is bottom view of FIG. 8;
FIG. 8C is perspective view of a static mixer;
FIG. 9 is a cross sectional, top view of a dispenser;
FIG. 9A is a perspective, cross sectional view of the top of a dispenser; and
FIG. 9B is an enlarged sectional view of an area within FIG. 9A.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
All percentages are weight percentages based on the weight of the composition, unless otherwise specified. All ratios are weight ratios, unless specifically stated otherwise. All numeric ranges are inclusive of narrower ranges; delineated upper and lower range limits are interchangeable to create further ranges not explicitly delineated. The number of significant digits conveys neither limitation on the indicated amounts nor on the accuracy of the measurements. All measurements are understood to be made at about 25° C. and at ambient conditions, where “ambient conditions” means conditions under about one atmosphere of pressure and at about 50% relative humidity.
“Composition” as used herein, means ingredients suitable for topical application on mammalian keratinous tissue. Such compositions may also be suitable for application to textiles or any other form of clothing including, but not limited to, clothing made from synthetic fibers like nylons and polyesters, and clothing made from acetate, bamboo, cupro, hemp, flannel, jute, lyocell, PVC-polyvinyl chloride, rayon, recycled materials, rubber, soy, Tyvek, cotton, and other natural fibers.
“Exit orifice” herein is shown as a passage from the swirl chamber to the external environment.
“Free of” means that the stated ingredient has not been added to the composition. However, the stated ingredient may incidentally form as a byproduct or a reaction product of the other components of the composition.
“Nonvolatile” refers to those materials that are liquid or solid under ambient conditions and have no measurable vapor pressure at 25° C. These materials typically have a vapor pressure of less than about 0.0000001 mmHg, and an average boiling point typically greater than about 250° C.
“Soluble” means at least about 0.1 g of solute dissolves in 100 ml of solvent at 25° C. and 1 atm of pressure.
“Substantially free of” means an amount of a material that is less than 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.01%, or 0.001% by weight of a composition.
“Derivatives” as used herein, include but are not limited to, amide, ether, ester, amino, carboxyl, acetyl, and/or alcohol derivatives of a given chemical.
“Skin care actives” as used herein, means compounds that, when applied to the skin, provide a benefit or improvement to the skin. It is to be understood that skin care actives are useful not only for application to skin, but also to hair, nails and other mammalian keratinous tissue.
“Volatile,” as used herein, unless otherwise specified, refers to those materials that are liquid or solid under ambient conditions and which have a measurable vapor pressure at 25° C. These materials typically have a vapor pressure of greater than about 0.0000001 mmHg, alternatively from about 0.02 mmHg to about 20 mmHg, and an average boiling point typically less than about 250° C., alternatively less than about 235° C.
Fine fragrances, like colognes and parfums, are often desired by consumers for their ability to deliver pleasant scents. A drawback of such fine fragrances is that, because the fragrances are typically volatile, a consumer may have to reapply the fine fragrance after a short period of time in order to keep the same scent expressed. While consumers may desire a fine fragrance product with a longer duration of noticeability, there appears to be no simple solution for extending the duration of noticeability. Hence many fine fragrance products on the market utilize an age old system including a volatile solvent and fragrance oils, said system often offering a short period of noticeability.
One method to increase the duration of noticeability of a fragrance in a product is to incorporate a controlled-release system into the product. In this regard, microcapsules have been included in certain products like deodorants in order to delay the release of a fragrance into the headspace. However, the stability of microcapsules within a composition may be impacted by the ingredients in the composition. For example, some ingredients may cause the microcapsules to be unable to retain their integrity or the encapsulated fragrance to a certain level of degree over time.
It has been observed that the presence of volatile solvents like ethanol in a composition may seriously impact the ability of a fragrance-loaded microcapsule to release its encapsulated fragrance into the headspace. Surprisingly, it has been discovered that minimizing the contact time between the microcapsules and the volatile solvent (e.g. ethanol) allows the microcapsules to deliver a noticeable benefit to a consumer. This can be accomplished by using a dispenser that has at least two reservoirs, one for storing the volatile solvent and the other for storing the microcapsules and their carrier.
It has also been observed that many known dispensers containing at least two reservoirs may not deliver a consistent noticeable benefit from the microcapsules. For example, some dispensers that have more than one reservoir may prematurely mix the microcapsules with the volatile solvent which may lead to clogging and/or damage to the microcapsules themselves. In this regard, some dispensers that have more than one reservoir may retain a significant amount of a mixture of the two compositions from each reservoir somewhere between the exit orifice and the reservoir such that the next actuation may yield a mixture containing damaged microcapsules. Such residual damaged microcapsules may also promote clogging. For example, some dispensers may retain as much as 100% of the composition to be dispensed, by weight of the dispensed amount, depending on the design, between the exit orifice and the reservoir. Also, some dispensers may apply too much force to the microcapsules during the dispensing process such that a significant amount of the microcapsules prematurely release their contents. Because of the incompatibility of the microcapsule and the volatile solvent, such dispensers may deliver an inconsistent olfactory experience to the consumer.
Another significant problem that may present itself is that the carrier that may be used for the microcapsules may have a high surface tension such that the composition containing the microcapsules is resistant to atomization. For example when the carrier is water, the high surface tension of water (73 dynes/cm at 20° C.) may resist atomization such that a stream is more likely dispensed rather than a spray. The introduction of a suspending agent for the microcapsules may further exacerbate the problem because the suspending agent may increase the viscosity of the composition containing the water and microcapsules, making it less likely said composition can overcome its relatively high surface tension for atomization. It is well known that compositions having a high surface tension and a high viscosity are difficult to atomize without significant pressure generation. If the composition is not dispensed with sufficient atomization, such a dispenser may not be desirable for a high-end product like a fine fragrance.
In this regard, dispensers that mix the two compositions in-flight (i.e. the compositions are kept separate throughout the dispenser and are dispensed via distinct exit orifices, with the angle of exit of each composition leading to a mixing of the two compositions in the air) are unlikely to be useful when the second composition includes a volatile solvent and the first composition includes water as the composition containing water is resistant to atomization. In such a design, it is more than likely that the composition containing the volatile solvent may atomize while the composition containing water will be resistant to atomization; leading to what appears to the user as fine stream within a spray. If such a result occurs, such a dispenser may not be desirable for a high-end product like a fine fragrance.
Dispenser
The dispensers disclosed herein may provide for a consistent consumer experience and a prolonged period of noticeability of a fragrance. The dispensers described herein minimize the contact time between the microcapsules and a volatile solvent (e.g. ethanol), allowing the microcapsules to deliver a noticeable benefit to the user. The dispensers described herein include at least two reservoirs, one for separately storing each of the first and second compositions. The dispensers also include a swirl chamber for atomizing the two compositions. The first and second compositions exit the dispenser via a common exit orifice. The dispensers also utilize at least two pumps fitted with pistons, one pump for pumping the first composition and a second pump for pumping the second composition to a common swirl chamber and exit orifice. Each pump pumps each composition into a channel that serves to deliver the composition from the reservoir to a premix chamber.
Mixing within the premix chamber as described herein provides several advantages. First, the dispensers herein take advantage of the fact that the mixture of certain volatile solvents like ethanol with water results in a mixture with a lower surface tension than water, increasing the likelihood that the two compositions are appropriately aerosolized. Second, by limiting the duration and extent of the mixing, the microcapsules are less likely to be damaged upon exit. Third, limiting the duration and extent of mixing also minimizes potential clogging. Lastly, the designs herein provide a consistent consumer experience by minimizing the amount of residual mixture left within the dispenser after each actuation event.
The dispensers described herein first mix the two compositions immediately prior to exit by first mixing the compositions within a premix chamber that includes a mixing element. Extensive mixing of the first composition containing microcapsules with the second composition containing a volatile solvent lowers the relatively high surface tension of the first composition containing microcapsules. It has been observed that when a premix chamber that does not include a mixing element is used with a dispenser for spraying a mixture of a first composition containing microcapsules and a second composition containing a volatile solvent, the premix chamber may not provide sufficient mixing so that the resultant mixture is homogenous. In this regard, without a mixing element within the premix chamber, the spraying of the mixture of the first and second composition may result in a spray containing large particles and/or jets and may not be suitable for use as a fine fragrance product. Thus, including a mixing element within the premix chamber is advantageous when the dispenser is used to aerosolize a first composition containing microcapsules and a second composition containing a volatile solvent.
The premix chamber may have a volume sufficient to contain from 1% to 75% of the dispensed amount, alternatively from 2% to 20% of the dispensed amount, alternatively from 4% to 14% of the dispensed amount. The dispensers described herein provide an advantage over those dispensers that have more than one reservoir and retain greater than 75% of the mixture of the two compositions from each reservoir somewhere between the exit orifice and the reservoir. In this regard, dispensers that retain greater than 75% will likely cause the next actuation to yield a mixture containing damaged microcapsules. Limiting the volume of the premix chamber allows for the dispenser to yield a consistent consumer experience as such a design will limit the extent of damaged microcapsules sprayed from the dispenser during each actuation event. The following is a non-limiting example: if the total volume of the dispensed mixture is 105 microliters and the dispensed mixture contains about 35 microliters of the first composition and 70 microliters of the second composition, the premix chamber may have a volume sufficient to mix between 5 microliters and 15 microliters of the first and second compositions combined.
The dispensers described herein may also be customized to allow for a flushing of the components of the mixture in order to remove any residual microcapsules that have come into contact with the volatile solvent. These residual microcapsules may in some cases promote clogging. The residual microcapsules may also leave an unsightly residue at or near the exit orifice that may be undesirable for a fine fragrance product. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the concentration and type of microcapsule used may in some cases lead to a clogging of the dispenser. To alleviate these problems, the dispenser may include an assembly for flushing.
The size of the dispenser may be such as to allow it to be handheld. The dispenser may include a first composition stored in a first reservoir and a second composition stored in a second reservoir. The second composition may include a volatile solvent and a first fragrance. The first composition may include a plurality of microcapsules and a carrier (e.g. water). The first composition may further include a suspending agent. The first and second compositions may each further include any other ingredient listed herein unless such an ingredient negatively affects the performance of the microcapsules. Non-limiting examples of other ingredients include a coloring agent included in at least one of the first and second compositions and at least one non-encapsulated fragrance in the second composition. When the first composition comprises microcapsules encapsulating a fragrance, the first composition may further include a non-encapsulated fragrance that may or may not differ from the encapsulated fragrance in chemical make-up. In some examples, the first composition may be substantially free of a material selected from the group consisting of a propellant, ethanol, a detersive surfactant, and combinations thereof; preferably free of a material selected from the group consisting of a propellant, ethanol, a detersive surfactant, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of propellants include compressed air, nitrogen, inert gases, carbon dioxide, gaseous hydrocarbons like propane, n-butane, isobutene, cyclopropane, and mixtures thereof. In some examples, the second composition may be substantially free of a material selected from the group consisting of a propellant, microcapsules, a detersive surfactant, and combinations thereof; preferably free of a material selected from the group consisting of propellant, microcapsules, a detersive surfactant, and combinations thereof.
The dispenser may be configured to dispense a volume ratio of the second composition to the first composition at a ratio of from 10:1 to 1:10, from 5:1 to 1:5, from 3:1 to 1:3, from 2:1 to 1:2, or even 1:1 or 2:1, when the second composition comprises a volatile solvent and the first composition comprises a carrier and a plurality of microcapsules, according to the desires of the formulator. The dispenser may dispense a first dose of the second composition and a second dose of the first composition such that the first dose and the second dose have a combined volume of from 30 microliters to 300 microliters, alternatively from 50 microliters to 140 microliters, alternatively from 70 microliters to 110 microliters.
As shown in FIG. 1, the dispenser 10 may have a housing 20, an actuator 30 and an exit orifice 40. In some non-limiting examples, the exit orifice may have a volume of 0.01 cubic millimeters to 0.20 cubic millimeters, such as when the exit orifice 40 has a volume of 0.03 cubic millimeters. In some examples, the housing 20 may not be necessary; a non-limiting example of which is when the reservoirs 50, 60 are made of glass. When the reservoirs are made of glass, the two reservoirs may be blown from the same piece of molten glass, appearing as a single bottle with two reservoirs. Alternatively, when the reservoirs are made of glass, the two reservoirs may be blown from separate pieces of molten glass, appearing as two bottles, each with a single reservoir, and joined together via a connector. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that many possible designs of the reservoirs are possible without deviating from the teachings herein; a non-limiting example of which is a reservoir within a reservoir.
As shown in FIG. 2, the dispenser 10 may also contain a first reservoir 50 for storing a first composition 51 and a second reservoir 60 for storing a second composition 61. The reservoirs 50, 60 may be of any shape or design. The dispenser may be configured to dispense a non-similar volume ratio (not 1:1) of the first composition 51 to the second composition 61, as shown in FIG. 2. The first reservoir 50 may have an open end 52 and a closed end 53. The second reservoir may have an open end 62 and a closed end 63. The open ends 52, 62 may be used to insert the pump and/or dip tubes into the reservoirs. The open ends 52, 62 may also be used to supply the reservoirs with the compositions. Once supplied, the open ends 52, 62 may be capped or otherwise sealed to prevent leakage from the reservoirs. In some examples, the first composition 51 may include microcapsules 55. The dispenser may include a first dip tube 70 and a second dip tube 80, although the dip tubes are not necessary if alternative means are provided for airless communication between the reservoir and the pump, a non-limiting example of which is a delaminating bottle. The dispenser may include a first pump 90 (shown as a schematic) in communication with the first dip tube 70. The dispenser may also include a second pump 100 (shown as a schematic) in communication with the second dip tube 80. The dispenser may also be configured to contain a first pump 90 and a second pump 100 with different output volumes. In some non-limiting examples, at least one pump may have an output of 70 microliters and the other pump may have an output of 50 microliters.
As shown in FIG. 2, the first reservoir 50 may be configured to hold a smaller volume than the second reservoir 60 or vice versa when non-similar ratios of the first composition to the second composition are to be dispensed. If dip tubes are included, the first dip tube 70 may also be of a shorter length than the second dip tube 80 or vice versa. The inner workings of the pumps are routine unless otherwise illustrated in the drawings. Such inner workings have been abbreviated and shown as schematic so as to not obscure the details of the teachings herein. Suitable pumps with outputs between 30 microliters to 140 microliter may be obtained from suppliers such as Aptargroup Inc., MeadWeastavo Corp., and Albea. Some examples of suitable pumps are the pre-compression pumps described in WO2012110744, EP0757592, EP0623060.
The first pump 90 may have a chamber 91 and the second pump 100 may have a chamber 101. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the first pump 90 and second pump 100 may be configured so that the chambers 91, 101 have different lengths and similar or the same diameters. The pumps as illustrated herein are in some cases magnified to show the inner details and may be smaller in size than they appear as illustrated herein when said pumps are used for a fine fragrance.
As shown in FIG. 2, the dispenser may include a first channel 110 and a second channel 120. In some non-limiting examples, the channels 110, 120 have a volume of 5 millimeters to 15 millimeters, an example of which is when the channels have a volume of 8.4 cubic millimeters. The first channel 110 may have a proximal end 111 and a distal end 112. The second channel 120 may have a proximal end 121 and a distal end 122. The proximal end 111 of the first channel 110 is in communication with the exit tube 92 of the first pump 90. The proximal end 121 of the second channel 120 is in communication with the exit tube 102 of the second pump 100. The first channel 110 may be of a shorter length as compared to the second channel 120. The second channel 120 may be disposed above the first channel 110 as illustrated in FIG. 2 or below the first channel 110. Alternatively, the first channel and second channel may be substantially coplanar (i.e. exist side-by-side). The exit tubes 92, 102 may have similar or different diameters which can provide for similar or different volumes. In some non-limiting examples, the exit tubes have a diameter of 0.05 millimeters to 3 millimeters, an example of which is when one of the exit tubes has a diameter of 1.4 millimeters and the other exit tube has a diameter of 1 millimeter. In some non-limiting examples, the exit tubes 92, 102 may have a volume of from 2 cubic millimeters to 10 cubic millimeters, such as when one exit tube has a volume of 7.70 cubic millimeters and the other exit tube as a volume of 3.93 cubic millimeters.
To minimize clogging such as may occur when a composition contains particulates (e.g. microcapsules) or displays a different viscosity from the other composition, and/or to enhance mixing the channels 110, 120 may be configured such that one of the channels has a larger diameter than the other. The channel with the larger diameter may be used to prevent clogging when particulates are contained within a composition. An example of such an arrangement will be described later.
The distal end 112 of the first channel 110 and the distal end 122 of the second channel 120 serve to deliver the compositions into the premix chamber 150. The angle and position of entry of the distal ends of channels 110, 120 into the premix chamber 150 can be selected to prevent or reduce clogging and also to influence mixing. A non-limiting example design that incorporates fluid entry of the two compositions in a tangential manner to create swirl in the premix chamber will be described later. In some examples, the premix chamber 150 may include inner baffles to facilitate mixing. The dispenser may also include at least one feed to deliver the mixture of the first and second composition from the premix chamber 150 to the swirl chamber 130. The swirl chamber 130 may impart on the first composition 51 and the second composition 61 a swirl motion. In some examples, the dispenser may include a first feed 270 in communication with the swirl chamber 130 and the premix chamber 150, as illustrated in FIG. 2. The dispenser may also include a second feed 280 in communication with the swirl chamber 130 and the premix chamber 150. The first feed 270 may be configured to have a different diameter as compared to the second feed 280. Alternatively, the feeds 270, 280 may have a substantially similar diameter. In some examples, the dispenser may have more than two feeds. The swirl chamber 130 may impart on the first composition 51 and the second composition 61 a swirl motion. The swirl chamber may be configured to deliver certain spray characteristics. For example, the fluid entering the swirl chamber may be provided a swirling or circular motion or other shape of motion within the swirl chamber 130, the characteristics of the motion being driven by the inward design of the swirl chamber 130. In some instances, the mixing of the two compositions in the premix chamber 150 may lower the surface tension of the compositions, and thereby, improving the level of atomization of the liquids. Incorporation of a swirl chamber 130 may further promote atomization when compositions that vary in surface tension and viscosity are present in the reservoirs.
Alternatively, the dispenser 10 may be configured to dispense a similar volume ratio (e.g. 1:1) of the first composition 51 to the second composition 61, as shown in FIG. 3. In some examples, the reservoirs 50 and 60 may be of a similar size. The first pump 90 and the second pump 100 may selected to deliver similar outputs. In some examples, the dispenser may be configured so that the chambers 91, 101 have similar or the same diameters while having the same or similar lengths that allow for the same or similar stroke lengths for the pistons. In some examples, the dispenser may be configured so that the reservoir supplying the composition containing the microcapsules is delivered via the longer channel when the channels are of different lengths.
Alternatively, the dispenser may be configured to dispense a non-similar volume ratio (not 1:1) of the first composition 51 to the second composition 61, as shown in FIG. 3A. In some examples, the first pump 90 and the second pump 100 may be configured so that the chambers 91, 101 have different diameters while having the same or similar lengths that allow for the same or similar stroke lengths for the pistons, but different pump outputs. Such configurations may deliver in series dispensing of a larger volume of either composition 51, 61 by allowing for pistons of different stroke lengths.
Alternatively, the first channel 110 and the second channel 120 may be located such that the channels 110, 120 deliver the compositions to an exit orifice 40 located between the exit tubes 92, 102, as shown in FIG. 4. Moreover, in contrast to FIG. 2 where the second exit tube 102 is positioned farther away from the exit orifice 40 as compared to the first exit tube 92, the first exit tube 92 and the second exit tube 102 may be positioned so that the first exit tube 92 and the second exit tube 102 are substantially equidistant from the exit orifice 40. As shown in FIG. 4, the first channel 110 and second channel 120 may be configured to deliver their contents to the premix chamber 150 located between the first exit tube 92 and the second exit tube 102. As shown in FIG. 4A, the compositions are delivered to the premix chamber 150 via the first channel 110 and the second channel 120. Once in the premix chamber 150, the mixture of the first and second compositions may travel to the swirl chamber 130 via the first feed 270 and second feed 280. The dispenser may include a separator 391 that assists in forming the first feed 270 and the second feed 280.
Referring to FIG. 4B and FIG. 4C, an alternative arrangement is shown in which the channels 110, 120 are configured such that the channel 110 has a larger diameter (or other transverse dimension) than the channel 120. This may minimize clogging such as may occur when a composition contains particulates (e.g. microcapsules) or displays a different viscosity from the other composition and may enhance mixing. The channel 110 may be used to prevent clogging when particulates are contained within a composition. The channels may have circular cross-section with a respective diameter which is constant along the length of the channel. The ratio of the diameter of the first channel 110 to that of the second channel 120 may be in the range of 5:1 to 1:5, more preferably 2:1 to 1:2 most preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.5. In the case of channels which have a non-circular cross-section, these ratios will apply to the respective cross-sectional areas of the channels.
The use of dissimiliar channels may also increase mixing on entry to the premix chamber. In one example, the respective distal ends of the channels have different cross-sectional areas. The cross-sectional area of the channel may vary along the length of the channel. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the distal end 112 of the first channel 110 to that of the distal end 122 of second channel 120 may be in the range of 5:1 to 1:5, more preferably 2:1 to 1:2 most preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.5. In some cases a smaller cross sectional area for the channel delivering a volatile solvent will more effective, although in other cases this could be reversed and a smaller cross-sectional area used for the channel delivering microcapsules. Without limitation, a useful benefit of the different cross-sectional areas of the distal ends of the channels may be to create differences in flow velocity to increase turbulence.
The use of different angles and position of entry for the channels 110, 120 into mixing chamber 150 can also have a significant effect on mixing and clogging. Depending on the exact fluid compositions used it may be advantageous to have the angle between channels 110 and 120 to be less than (or more than) 180°—as shown for example in FIG. 4—to maximise the velocity of the two fluids, or 180° to maximise mixing by direct impact between the fluid flows. Arranging the angle of entry into the premix chamber of one or both of the channels such that the flows do not directly impact, but instead a swirl effect is created, can have advantages for mixing. Thus it may be arranged that one or both of the channels enters the premix chamber not purely radially but with a tangential component. Further embodiments could include the channels entering the premix chamber at different positions along the axis of the premix chamber and at different angles to the fluid flow direction.
Referring to FIG. 4D and FIG. 4E, an arrangement is shown in which channels 110, 120 enter the premix chamber 150 parallel to each other but offset vertically across the height of the c chamber 150. It will be seen that there is a tangential component to the angle at which each channel enters the premix chamber 150 with respect to the axis along which the compositions are dispensed through the exit orifice 40. This ensures the incoming flows swirl around the inside of the premix chamber and increases the degree of mixing.
It will be recognized that in another variation the channels may enter the premix chamber offset in a horizontal direction. There may then be a tangential component to the angle at which each channel enters the premix chamber with respect to the vertical direction or the direction of the pump strokes. In appropriate cases, the two channels may enter the premix chamber at locations offset both horizontally and vertically.
FIG. 5 shows a three-dimensional cross-section of a configuration for a dispenser where the first channel 110 and the second channel 120 are located such that the channels 110, 120 deliver the compositions to an exit orifice 40 located between the exit tubes 92 102, similar to the dispenser of FIG. 4. FIG. 5A shows the configuration shown in FIG. 5 without the swirl chamber 130 so that the channels 270, 280 and the separator 391 can be better visualized.
FIG. 5B shows a three-dimensional cross-section of a non-limiting example of a swirl chamber 130 that may be included in the dispensers described herein. It is to be noted that the actual design of the swirl chamber may vary and that one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many variations in the design of the swirl chamber are possible. The swirl chamber may be used to impart a swirling motion onto the compositions, said swirling motion promoting the atomization of the compositions for delivery via the exit orifice 40 to the external environment.
Referring to FIG. 5B, the swirl chamber 130 may have a wall 390 that forms a cylindrical shape. The swirl chamber 130 may include one or more baffles 380 which help form the flow passages 355. The baffles may be so designed as to form one or more flow passages 355 that serve to deliver their contents to a swirl zone 371. In some examples, the swirl chamber 130 may have at least two flow passages, at least three flow passages, or more than four flow passages. The exit orifice 40 serves to discharge the fluid from the swirl zone 371 to the external environment of the dispenser. In some non-limiting examples, the combined volume of the swirl zone 371 and the flow passages may be from 0.10 cubic millimeters to 1.0 cubic millimeter, such as when the combined volume is 0.21 cubic millimeters.
As shown in FIG. 6, the dispenser may be configured in some examples so that the first channel 110 and the second channel 120 form a concentric arrangement 290 around each other before delivering the compositions into the premix chamber 150. As shown in FIG. 6A, the concentric arrangement 290 may contain an inner concentric channel 292 that contains the contents delivered via the first channel 110 and an outer concentric channel 294 that surrounds the inner concentric channel 292 that delivers the contents of the second channel 120. As shown in FIG. 6B, the compositions are delivered to the premix chamber 150 via the inner concentric channel 292 and the outer concentric channel 294. Once in the premix chamber 150, the mixture of the first and second compositions travels to the swirl chamber 130 via the first feed 270 and second feed 280. The dispenser may include a separator 391 that assists in forming the first feed 270 and the second feed 280. Once in the swirl chamber 130, the mixture of the first and second compositions is released to the external environment via the exit orifice 40.
The premix chamber 150 may include a mixing element 400 to facilitate mixing of the first and second compositions 51, 61 within the premix chamber 150. In some examples, the mixing element 400 consists of a single baffle or a series of baffles coordinated so as to increase the extent of mixing of the first and second compositions within the premix chamber 150. It is to be understood that the baffles may take many shapes and arrangements depending on the shape of the premix chamber 150 and the extent of mixing required. The following are few non-limiting examples of some mixing elements.
As shown in FIG. 7, the dispenser may be configured to include a mixing element 400 located within the premix chamber 150. As shown in FIGS. 7 & 7A, the mixing element 400 may include at least one baffle 410. The baffle 410 may include a skirt 420 and an aperture 430 so as to constrict the path of the first and second compositions 51, 61 within the premix chamber 150. As shown in FIGS. 7B & 7C, the baffle 410 may be placed such that a first premix sub-chamber 440 and a second premix sub-chamber 450 are created.
As shown in FIGS. 8-8C, the mixing element 400 may include a static mixer 460 that utilizes the flow energy of the first and second compositions 51, 61 which are fed into the static mixer 460 under pressure to turn the compositions through a complex, geometric baffle. In some examples, the static mixer 460 may produce patterns of flow division or radial mixing. As shown in FIGS. 9-9B, the premix chamber 150 may include a mixing element 400 that includes at least two baffles offset from each other so as to create a tortuous path for the first and second compositions 51, 61. In some examples, the premix chamber 150 may include a first baffle 470 and a second baffle 480 offset from each other.
It is to be understood that optional minor improvements such as valves to prevent reverse flow are to be included herein without deviating from the inventions herein. A non-limiting example is a valve included to prevent reverse flow from the swirl chamber to the channels. Other non-limiting minor improvements may include a mesh to prevent agglomerated particles from entering the pump.
Method of Use
The compositions disclosed herein may be applied to one or more skin surfaces and/or one or more mammalian keratinous tissue surfaces as part of a user's daily routine or regimen. Additionally or alternatively, the compositions herein may be used on an “as needed” basis. The composition may be applied to any article, such as a textile, or any absorbent article including, but not limited to, feminine hygiene articles, diapers, and adult incontinence articles. For example, while the combinations of the dispensers and compositions described herein are exquisitely designed to be used as a fine fragrance spray, it is understood that such combinations may also be used as a body spray, feminine spray, adult incontinence spray, baby spray, or other spray. The size, shape, and aesthetic design of the dispensers described herein may vary widely.
Compositions
Volatile Solvents
The compositions described herein may include a volatile solvent or a mixture of volatile solvents. The volatile solvents may comprise greater than 10%, greater than 30%, greater than 40%, greater than 50%, greater than 60%, greater than 70%, or greater than 90%, by weight of the composition. The volatile solvents useful herein may be relatively odorless and safe for use on human skin. Suitable volatile solvents may include C1-C4 alcohols and mixtures thereof. Some non-limiting examples of volatile solvents include ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof. In some examples, the composition may comprise from 0.01% to 98%, by weight of the composition, of ethanol or other volatile solvent(s).
Nonvolatile Solvents
The composition may comprise a nonvolatile solvent or a mixture of nonvolatile solvents. Non-limiting examples of nonvolatile solvents include benzyl benzoate, diethyl phthalate, isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethyl citrate, and mixtures thereof.
Fragrances
The composition may comprise a fragrance. As used herein, “fragrance” is used to indicate any odoriferous material or a combination of ingredients including at least one odoriferous material. Any fragrance that is cosmetically acceptable may be used in the composition. For example, the fragrance may be one that is a liquid or solid at room temperature. Generally, the non-encapsulated fragrance(s) may be present at a level from about 0.001% to about 40%, from about 0.1% to about 25%, from about 0.25% to about 20%, or from about 0.5% to about 15%, by weight of the composition. Some fragrances can be considered to be volatiles and other fragrances can be considered to be or non-volatiles, as described and defined herein.
A wide variety of chemicals are known as fragrances, non-limiting examples of which include alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, Schiff bases, nitriles, and esters. More commonly, naturally occurring plant and animal oils and exudates comprising complex mixtures of various chemical components are known for use as fragrances. Non-limiting examples of the fragrances useful herein include pro-fragrances such as acetal pro-fragrances, ketal pro-fragrances, ester pro-fragrances, hydrolyzable inorganic-organic pro-fragrances, and mixtures thereof. The fragrances may be released from the pro-fragrances in a number of ways. For example, the fragrance may be released as a result of simple hydrolysis, or by a shift in an equilibrium reaction, or by a pH-change, or by enzymatic release. The fragrances herein may be relatively simple in their chemical make-up, comprising a single chemical, or may comprise highly sophisticated complex mixtures of natural and synthetic chemical components, all chosen to provide any desired odor.
The fragrances may have a boiling point (BP) of about 500° C. or lower, about 400° C. or lower, or about 350° C. or lower. The BP of many fragrances are disclosed in Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals), Steffen Arctander (1969). The ClogP value of the individual fragrance materials may be about −0.5 or greater. As used herein, “ClogP” means the logarithm to the base 10 of the octanol/water partition coefficient. The ClogP can be readily calculated from a program called “CLOGP” which is available from Daylight Chemical Information Systems Inc., Irvine Calif., USA or calculated using Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD/Labs) Software V11.02 (© 1994-2014 ACD/Labs). Octanol/water partition coefficients are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,563.
Examples of suitable aldehyde include but are not limited to: alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde, Anisic Aldehyde, Decyl Aldehyde, Lauric aldehyde, Methyl n-Nonyl acetaldehyde, Methyl octyl acetaldehyde, Nonylaldehyde, Benzenecarboxaldehyde, Neral, Geranial, 2, 6 octadiene, 1,1 diethoxy-3,7dimethyl-, 4-Isopropylbenzaldehyde, 2,4-Dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, alpha-Methyl-p-isopropyldihydrocinnamaldehyde, 3-(3-isopropylphenyl) butanal, alpha-Hexylcinnamaldehyde, 7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctan-1-al, 2,4-Dimethyl-3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, Octyl Aldehyde, Phenylacetaldehyde, 2,4-Dimethyl-3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, Hexanal, 3,7-Dimethyloctanal, 6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-butanal, Nonanal, Octanal, 2-Nonenal Undecenal, 2-Methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl-1)-2-butenal, 2,6-Dimethyloctanal3-(p-Isopropylphenyl)propionaldehyde, 3-Phenyl-4-pentenal Citronellal, o/p-Ethyl-alpha,alpha-, 9-Decenal, dimethyldihydrocinnamaldehyde, p-Isobutyl-alpha-methylydrocinnamaldehyde, cis-4-Decen-1-al, 2,5-Dimethyl-2-ethenyl-4-hexenal, trans-2-Methyl-2-butenal, 3-Methylnonanal, alpha-Sinensal, 3-Phenylbutanal, 2,2-Dimethyl-3-phenylpropionaldehyde, m-tert.Butyl-alpha-methyldihydrocinnamic aldehyde, Geranyl oxyacetaldehyde, trans-4-Decen-1-al, Methoxycitronellal, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable esters include but are not limited to: Allyl cyclohexanepropionate, Allyl heptanoate, Allyl Amyl Glycolate, Allyl caproate, Amyl acetate (n-Pentyl acetate), Amyl Propionate, Benzyl acetate, Benzyl propionate, Benzyl salicylate, cis-3-Hexenylacetate, Citronellyl acetate, Citronellyl propionate, Cyclohexyl salicylate, Dihydro Isojasmonate Dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate, Ethyl acetate, Ethyl acetoacetate, Ethyl Butyrate, Ethyl-2-methyl butryrate, Ethyl-2-methyl pentanoate Fenchyl acetate (1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-norbornanyl acetate), Tricyclodecenyl acetate, Tricyclodecenyl propionate, Geranyl acetate, cis-3-Hexenyl isobutyrate, Hexyl acetate, cis-3-Hexenyl salicylate, n-Hexyl salicylate, Isobornyl acetate, Linalyl acetate, p-t-Butyl Cyclohexyl acetate, (−)-L-Menthyl acetate, o-t-Butylcyclohexyl acetate), Methyl benzoate, Methyl dihydro iso jasmonate, alpha-Methylbenzyl acetate, Methyl salicylate, 2-Phenylethyl acetate, Prenyl acetate, Cedryl acetate, Cyclabute, Phenethyl phenylacetate, Terpinyl formate, Citronellyl anthranilate, Ethyl tricyclo[5.2.1.0-2,6]decane-2-carboxylate, n-Hexyl ethyl acetoacetate, 2-tert.-Butyl-4-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate, Formic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl ester, Phenethyl crotonate, Cyclogeranyl acetate, Geranyl crotonate, Ethyl geranate, Geranyl isobutyrate, Ethyl 2-nonynoate2,6-Octadienoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-, methyl ester, Citronellyl valerate, 2-Hexenylcyclopentanone, Cyclohexyl anthranilate, L-Citronellyl tiglate, Butyl tiglate, Pentyl tiglate, Geranyl caprylate, 9-Decenyl acetate, 2-Isopropyl-5-methylhexyl-1 butyrate, n-Pentyl benzoate, 2-Methylbutyl benzoate (mixture with pentyl benzoate), Dimethyl benzyl carbinyl propionate, Dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate, trans-2-Hexenyl salicylate, Dimethyl benzyl carbinyl isobutyrate, 3,7-Dimethyloctyl formate, Rhodinyl formate, Rhodinyl isovalerate, Rhodinyl acetate, Rhodinyl butyrate, Rhodinyl propionate, Cyclohexylethyl acetate, Neryl butyrate, Tetrahydrogeranyl butyrate, Myrcenyl acetate, 2,5-Dimethyl-2-ethenylhex-4-enoic acid, methyl ester, 2,4-Dimethylcyclohexane-1-methyl acetate, Ocimenyl acetate, Linalyl isobutyrate, 6-Methyl-5-heptenyl-1 acetate, 4-Methyl-2-pentyl acetate, n-Pentyl 2-methylbutyrate, Propyl acetate, Isopropenyl acetate, Isopropyl acetate, 1-Methylcyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid, methyl ester, Propyl tiglate, Propyl/isobutyl cyclopent-3-enyl-1-acetate (alpha-vinyl), Butyl 2-furoate, Ethyl 2-pentenoate, (E)-Methyl 3-pentenoate, 3-Methoxy-3-methylbutyl acetate, n-Pentyl crotonate, n-Pentyl isobutyrate, Propyl formate, Furfuryl butyrate, Methyl angelate, Methyl pivalate, Prenyl caproate, Furfuryl propionate, Diethyl malate, Isopropyl 2-methylbutyrate, Dimethyl malonate, Bornyl formate, Styralyl acetate, 1-(2-Furyl)-1-propanone, 1-Citronellyl acetate, 3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-nonadien-3-yl acetate, Neryl crotonate, Dihydromyrcenyl acetate, Tetrahydromyrcenyl acetate, Lavandulyl acetate, 4-Cyclooctenyl isobutyrate, Cyclopentyl isobutyrate, 3-Methyl-3-butenyl acetate, Allyl acetate, Geranyl formate, cis-3-Hexenyl caproate, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable alcohols include but are not limited to: Benzyl alcohol, beta-gamma-Hexenol (2-Hexen-1-ol), Cedrol, Citronellol, Cinnamic alcohol, p-Cresol, Cumic alcohol, Dihydromyrcenol, 3,7-Dimethyl-1-octanol, Dimethyl benzyl carbinol, Eucalyptol, Eugenol, Fenchyl alcohol, Geraniol, Hydratopic alcohol, Isononyl alcohol (3,5,5-Trimethyl-1-hexanol), Linalool, Methyl Chavicol (Estragole), Methyl Eugenol (Eugenyl methyl ether), Nerol, 2-Octanol, Patchouli alcohol, Phenyl Hexanol (3-Methyl-5-phenyl-1-pentanol), Phenethyl alcohol, alpha-Terpineol, Tetrahydrolinalool, Tetrahydromyrcenol, 4-methyl-3decen-5-ol, 1-3,7-Dimethyloctane-1-ol, 2-(Furfuryl-2)-heptanol, 6,8-Dimethyl-2-nonanol, Ethyl norbornyl cyclohexanol, beta-Methyl cyclohexane ethanol, 3,7-Dimethyl-(2),6-octen(adien)-1-ol, trans-2-Undecen-1-ol 2-Ethyl-2-prenyl-3-hexenol, Isobutyl benzyl carbinol, Dimethyl benzyl carbinol, Ocimenol, 3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-nonadien-3-ol (cis & trans), Tetrahydromyrcenol, alpha-Terpineol, 9-Decenol-1, 2 (Hexenyl)cyclopentanol, 2,6-Dimethyl-2-heptanol, 3-Methyl-1-octen-3-ol, 2,6-Dimethyl-5-hepten-2-ol, 3,7,9-Trimethyl-1,6-decadien-3-ol, 3,7-Dimethyl-6-nonen-1-ol, 3,7-Dimethyl-1-octyn-3-ol, 2,6-Dimethyl-1,5,7-octatrienol-3, Dihydromyrcenol, 2,6,10-Trimethyl-5,9-undecadienol, 2,5-Dimethyl-2-propylhex-4-enol-1,(Z),3-Hexenol, o,m,p-Methyl-phenylethanol, 2-Methyl-5-phenyl-1-pentanol, 3-Methylphenethyl alcohol, para-Methyl dimethyl benzyl carbinol, Methyl benzyl carbinol, p-Methylphenylethanol, 3,7-Dimethyl-2-octen-1-ol, 2-Methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-4-ol, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of ketones include but are not limited to: Oxacycloheptadec-10-en-2-one, Benzylacetone, Benzophenone, L-Carvone, cis-Jasmone, 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-but-3-en-4-one, Ethyl amyl ketone, alpha-Ionone, Ionone Beta, Ethanone, Octahydro-2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-acetonaphthalene, alpha-Irone, 1-(5,5-Dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-4-penten-1-one, 3-Nonanone, Ethyl hexyl ketone, Menthone, 4-Methylacetophenone, gamma-Methyl Ionone Methyl pentyl ketone, Methyl Heptenone (6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one), Methyl Heptyl ketone, Methyl Hexyl ketone, delta Muscenone, 2-Octanone, 2-Pentyl-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-Heptylcyclopentanone, alpha-Methylionone, 3-Methyl-2-(trans-2-pentenyl)-cyclopentenone, Octenyl cyclopentanone, n-Amylcyclopentenone, 6-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanoic acid lactone, 2-Hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one, 2-Pentyl-2,5,5-trimethylcyclopentanone, 2-Cyclopentylcyclopentanol-1, 5-Methylhexan-2-one, gamma-Dodecalactone, delta-Dodecalactone delta-Dodecalactone, gamma-Nonalactone, delta-Nonalactone, gamma-Octalactone, delta-Undecalactone, gamma-Undecalactone, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of ethers include but are not limited to: p-Cresyl methyl ether, 4,6,6,7,8,8-Hexamethyl-1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-cyclopenta(G)-2-benzopyran, beta-Naphthyl methyl ether, Methyl Iso Butenyl Tetrahydro Pyran, (Phantolide) 5-Acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,6 hexamethylindan, (Tonalid) 7-Acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyltetralin, 2-Phenylethyl 3-methylbut-2-enyl ether, Ethyl geranyl ether, Phenylethyl isopropyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of alkenes include but are not limited to: Allo-Ocimene, Camphene, beta-Caryophyllene, Cadinene, Diphenylmethane, d-Limonene, Lymolene, beta-Myrcene, Para-Cymene, alpha-Pinene, beta-Pinene, alpha-Terpinene, gamma-Terpinene, Terpineolene, 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of nitriles include but are not limited to: 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenenitrile, 3,7-Dimethyl-2(3), 6-nonadienenitrile, (2E, 6Z) 2,6-nonadienenitrile, n-dodecane nitrile, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of Schiffs Bases include but are not limited to: Citronellyl nitrile, Nonanal/methyl anthranilate, Anthranilic acid, N-octylidene-, methyl ester(L)-, Hydroxycitronellal/methyl anthranilate, 2-Methyl-3-(4-Cyclamen aldehyde/methyl anthranilate, methoxyphenyl propanal/Methyl anthranilate, Ethyl p-aminobenzoate/hydroxycitronellal, Citral/methyl anthranilate, 2,4-Dimethylcyclohex-3-enecarbaldehyde methyl anthranilate, Hydroxycitronellal-indole, and mixtures thereof.
Non-limiting examples of fragrances include fragrances such as musk oil, civet, castoreum, ambergris, plant fragrances such as nutmeg extract, cardomon extract, ginger extract, cinnamon extract, patchouli oil, geranium oil, orange oil, mandarin oil, orange flower extract, cedarwood, vetyver, lavandin, ylang extract, tuberose extract, sandalwood oil, bergamot oil, rosemary oil, spearmint oil, peppermint oil, lemon oil, lavender oil, citronella oil, chamomille oil, clove oil, sage oil, neroli oil, labdanum oil, eucalyptus oil, verbena oil, mimosa extract, narcissus extract, carrot seed extract, jasmine extract, olibanum extract, rose extract, and mixtures thereof.
Carriers and Water
When the composition contains microcapsules, the composition may include a carrier for the microcapsules. Non-limiting examples of carriers include water, silicone oils like silicone D5, and other oils like mineral oil, isopropyl myristate, and fragrance oils. The carrier should be one that does not significantly affect the performance of the microcapsules. Non-limiting examples of non-suitable carriers for the microcapsules include volatile solvents like 95% ethanol.
The compositions containing microcapsules may include about 0.1% to about 95%, from about 5% to about 95%, or from 5% to 75%, by weight of the composition, of the carrier. When the composition contains a volatile solvent, the composition may include from about 0.01% to about 40%, from about 0.1% to about 30%, or from about 0.1% to about 20%, by weight of the composition, of water.
In some examples, when a second composition containing a volatile solvent and a first composition containing microcapsules are sprayed, the dose containing the mixture of the first and second compositions may contain about 0.01% to about 75%, from about 1% to about 60%, from about 0.01% to about 60%, or from about 5% to about 50%, by weight of the composition, of water.
Encapsulates
The microcapsules may be any kind of microcapsule disclosed herein or known in the art. The microcapsules may be included from about 0.01% to about 45%, by weight, of the composition. The microcapsules may have a shell and a core material encapsulated by the shell. The core material of the microcapsules may include one or more fragrances or perfume oils. The shells of the microcapsules may be made from synthetic polymeric materials or naturally-occurring polymers. Synthetic polymers may be derived from petroleum oil, for example. Non-limiting examples of synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylenes, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyisoprenes, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polysaccharides, epoxy resins, vinyl polymers, polyacrylates, and mixtures thereof. Natural polymers occur in nature and may often be extracted from natural materials. Non-limiting examples of naturally occurring polymers are silk, wool, gelatin, cellulose, proteins, and combinations thereof.
The microcapsules may be friable microcapsules. A friable microcapsule is configured to release its core material when its shell is ruptured. The rupture may be caused by forces applied to the shell during mechanical interactions. The microcapsules may have a shell with a volume weighted fracture strength of from about 0.1 mega Pascals to about 15.0 mega Pascals, when measured according to the Fracture Strength Test Method described herein, or any incremental value expressed in 0.1 mega Pascals in this range, or any range formed by any of these values for fracture strength. As an example, a microcapsule may have a shell with a volume weighted fracture strength of 0.8-15.0 mega Pascals (MPa), alternatively from 5.0-12.0 mega Pascals (MPa), or alternatively from 6.0-10.0 mega Pascals (MPa).
The microcapsules may have a median volume-weighted particle size of from 2 microns to 80 microns, from 10 microns to 30 microns, or from 10 microns to 20 microns, as determined by the Test Method for Determining Median Volume-Weighted Particle Size of Microcapsules described herein.
The microcapsules may have various core material to shell weight ratios. The microcapsules may have a core material to shell ratio that is greater than or equal to: 70% to 30%, 75% to 25%, 80% to 20%, 85% to 15%, 90% to 10%, and 95% to 5%.
The microcapsules may have shells made from any material in any size, shape, and configuration known in the art. Some or all of the shells may include a polyacrylate material, such as a polyacrylate random copolymer. For example, the polyacrylate random copolymer may have a total polyacrylate mass, which includes ingredients selected from the group including: amine content of 0.2-2.0% of total polyacrylate mass; carboxylic acid of 0.6-6.0% of total polyacrylate mass; and a combination of amine content of 0.1-1.0% and carboxylic acid of 0.3-3.0% of total polyacrylate mass.
When a microcapsule's shell includes a polyacrylate material, and the shell has an overall mass, the polyacrylate material may form 5-100% of the overall mass, or any integer value for percentage in this range, or any range formed by any of these values for percentage. As examples, the polyacrylate material may form at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 25%, at least 33%, at least 50%, at least 70%, or at least 90% of the overall mass.
Some or all of the microcapsules may have various shell thicknesses. For at least a first group of the provided microcapsules, each microcapsule may have a shell with an overall thickness of 1-300 nanometers, or any integer value for nanometers in this range, or any range formed by any of these values for thickness. As an example, microcapsules may have a shell with an overall thickness of 2-200 nanometers.
The microcapsules may also encapsulate one or more benefit agents. The benefit agent(s) include, but are not limited to, cooling sensates, warming sensates, perfume oils, oils, pigments, dyes, chromogens, phase change materials, and other kinds of benefit agent known in the art, in any combination. In some examples, the perfume oil encapsulated may have a ClogP of less than 4.5 or a ClogP of less than 4. Alternatively the perfume oil encapsulated may have a ClogP of less than 3. In some examples, the microcapsule may be anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, or have a neutral charge. The benefit agents(s) may be in the form of solids and/or liquids. The benefit agent(s) may be any kind of perfume oil(s) known in the art, in any combination.
The microcapsules may encapsulate a partitioning modifier in addition to the benefit agent. Non-limiting examples of partitioning modifiers include isopropyl myristate, mono-, di-, and tri-esters of C4-C24 fatty acids, castor oil, mineral oil, soybean oil, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester isododecane, isoparaffin oil, polydimethylsiloxane, brominated vegetable oil, and combinations thereof. U.S. 2011-0268802 discloses other non-limiting examples of microcapsules and partitioning modifiers and is hereby incorporated by reference.
The microcapsule's shell may comprise a reaction product of a first mixture in the presence of a second mixture comprising an emulsifier, the first mixture comprising a reaction product of i) an oil soluble or dispersible amine with ii) a multifunctional acrylate or methacrylate monomer or oligomer, an oil soluble acid and an initiator, the emulsifier comprising a water soluble or water dispersible acrylic acid alkyl acid copolymer, an alkali or alkali salt, and optionally a water phase initiator. In some examples, said amine is an aminoalkyl acrylate or aminoalkyl methacrylate.
The microcapsules may include a core material and a shell surrounding the core material, wherein the shell comprises: a plurality of amine monomers selected from the group consisting of aminoalkyl acrylates, alkyl aminoalkyl acrylates, dialkyl aminoalykl acrylates, aminoalkyl methacrylates, alkylamino aminoalkyl methacrylates, dialkyl aminoalykl methacrylates, tertiarybutyl aminethyl methacrylates, diethylaminoethyl methacrylates, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, dipropylaminoethyl methacrylates, and mixtures thereof; and a plurality of multifunctional monomers or multifunctional oligomers. Non-limiting examples of emulsifiers include water-soluble salts of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl isothionates, alkyl carboxylates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl succinamates, alkyl sulfate salts such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl derivatives of protein hydrolyzates, acyl aspartates, alkyl or alkyl ether or alkylaryl ether phosphate esters, sodium dodecyl sulphate, phospholipids or lecithin, or soaps, sodium, potassium or ammonium stearate, oleate or palmitate, alkylarylsulfonic acid salts such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dialkylsulfosuccinates, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dilaurylsulfosuccinate, poly(styrene sulfonate) sodium salt, isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, gum arabic, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose sulfate and pectin, poly(styrene sulfonate), isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, gum arabic, carrageenan, sodium alginate, pectic acid, tragacanth gum, almond gum and agar; semi-synthetic polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, sulfated cellulose, sulfated methylcellulose, carboxymethyl starch, phosphated starch, lignin sulfonic acid; and synthetic polymers such as maleic anhydride copolymers (including hydrolyzates thereof), polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid butyl acrylate copolymer or crotonic acid homopolymers and copolymers, vinylbenzenesulfonic acid or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid homopolymers and copolymers, and partial amide or partial ester of such polymers and copolymers, carboxymodified polyvinyl alcohol, sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol, phosphated or sulfated tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride (Varisoft PATCTM, available from Degussa Evonik, Essen, Germany), distearyl dimonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, quaternary ammonium compounds, fatty amines, aliphatic ammonium halides, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium halides, alkyldimethylethylammonium halides, polyethyleneimine, poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) methyl chloride quaternary salt, poly(l-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(allylamine), poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] quaternized, and poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin-co-ethylenediamine), condensation products of aliphatic amines with alkylene oxide, quaternary ammonium compounds with a long-chain aliphatic radical, e.g. distearyldiammonium chloride, and fatty amines, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium halides, alkyldimethylethylammonium halides, polyalkylene glycol ether, condensation products of alkyl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, or fatty acids with alkylene oxide, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated arylphenols, ethoxylated polyaryl phenols, carboxylic esters solubilized with a polyol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, or copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline-co-methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl vinyl ether), and polyvinyl alcohol-co-ethylene), and cocoamidopropyl betaine.
Processes for making microcapsules are well known. Various processes for microencapsulation, and exemplary methods and materials, are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,592,990; U.S. Pat. No. 2,730,456; U.S. Pat. No. 2,800,457; U.S. Pat. No. 2,800,458; U.S. Pat. No. 4,552,811; and U.S. 2006/0263518 A1.
The microcapsule may be spray-dried to form spray-dried microcapsules. The composition may also contain one or more additional delivery systems for providing one or more benefit agents, in addition to the microcapsules. The additional delivery system(s) may differ in kind from the microcapsules. For example, wherein the microcapsule encapsulates a perfume oil, the additional delivery system may be an additional fragrance delivery system, such as a moisture-triggered fragrance delivery system. Non-limiting examples of moisture-triggered fragrance delivery systems include cyclic oligosaccaride, starch (or other polysaccharide material), starch derivatives, and combinations thereof. Said polysaccharide material may or may not be modified.
The plurality of microcapsules may include anionic, cationic, and non-ionic microcapsules, in any combination, when included in a composition with a pH range of from 2 to about 10, alternatively from about 3 to about 9, alternatively from about 4 to about 8.
In some examples, the microcapsules may include a benefit agent comprising: a.) a perfume composition having a ClogP of less than 4.5; b.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, 60% perfume materials having a ClogP of less than 4.0; c.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, 35% perfume materials having a ClogP of less than 3.5; d.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, 40% perfume materials having a ClogP of less than 4.0 and at least 1% perfume materials having a ClogP of less than 2.0; e.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, 40% perfume materials having a ClogP of less than 4.0 and at least 15% perfume materials having a ClogP of less than 3.0; f.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 1% butanoate esters and at least 1% of pentanoate esters; g.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 2% of an ester comprising an allyl moiety and at least 10% of another perfume comprising an ester moiety; h.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 1% of an aldehyde comprising an alkyl chain moiety; i.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 2% of a butanoate ester; j.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 1% of a pentanoate ester; k.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 3% of an ester comprising an allyl moiety and 1% of an aldehyde comprising an alkyl chain moiety; l.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 25% of a perfume comprising an ester moiety and 1% of an aldehyde comprising an alkyl chain moiety; m.) a perfume compositions comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 2% of a material selected from 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one and 3-buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-2-yl)- and mixtures thereof; n.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 0.1% of tridec-2-enonitrile, and mandaril, and mixtures thereof; o.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 2% of a material selected from 3,7-dimethyl-6-octene nitrile, 2-cyclohexylidene-2-phenylacetonitrile and mixtures thereof; p.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 80% of one or more perfumes comprising a moiety selected from the group consisting of esters, aldehydes, ionones, nitriles, ketones and combinations thereof; q.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 3% of an ester comprising an allyl moiety; a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 20% of a material selected from the group consisting of: 1-methylethyl-2-methylbutanoate; ethyl-2-methyl pentanoate; 1,5-dimethyl-1-ethenylhexyl-4-enyl acetate; p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one; 4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-1-propenylbenzene; 2-propenyl cyclohexanepropionate; bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-ethyl ester; bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, acetate; 1,5-dimethyl-1-ethenylhex-4-enylacetate; hexyl 2-methyl propanoate; ethyl-2-methylbutanoate; 4-undecanone; 5-heptyldihydro-2(3h)-furanone; 1,6-nonadien-3-ol, 3,7dimethyl-; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-o; 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, dimethyl-; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octene nitrile; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one; tridec-2-enonitrile; patchouli oil; ethyl tricycle [5.2.1.0]decan-2-carboxylate; 2,2-dimethyl-cyclohexanepropanol; hexyl ethanoate, 7-acetyl,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,1,6,7-tetramethyl naphtalene; allyl-cyclohexyloxy acetate; methyl nonyl acetic aldehyde; 1-spiro[4,5]dec-7-en-7-yl-4-pentenen-1-one; 7-octen-2-ol, 2-methyl-6-methylene-dihydro; cyclohexanol, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, acetate; hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5(6)-yl propionatehexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5(6)-yl propionate; 2-methoxynaphtalene; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexenyl)-2-buten-1-one; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-2-buten-1-one; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol; 3-buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-2-yl)-; hexanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester; (z)-non-6-en-1-al; 1-decyl aldehyde; 1-octanal; 4-t-butyl-methylhydrocinnamaldehyde; alpha-hexylcinnamaldehyde; ethyl-2,4-hexadienoate; 2-propenyl 3-cyclohexanepropanoate; and mixtures thereof; r.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 20% of a material selected from the group consisting of: 1-methylethyl-2-methylbutanoate; ethyl-2-methyl pentanoate; 1,5-dimethyl-1-ethenylhex-4-enyl acetate; p-menth-1-en-8-yl acetate; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one; 4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-1-propenylbenzene; 2-propenyl cyclohexanepropionate; bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-(1-methylethyl)-ethyl ester; bicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, acetate; 1,5-dimethyl-1-ethenylhex-4-enyl acetate; hexyl 2-methyl propanoate; ethyl-2-methylbutanoate, 4-undecanolide; 5-heptyldihydro-2(3h)-furanone; 5-hydroxydodecanoic acid; decalactones; undecalactones, 1,6-nonadien-3-ol, 3,7dimethyl-; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, dimethyl-; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octene nitrile; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one; tridec-2-enonitrile; patchouli oil; ethyl tricycle [5.2.1.0]decan-2-carboxylate; 2,2-dimethyl-cyclohexanepropanol; allyl-cyclohexyloxy acetate; methyl nonyl acetic aldehyde; 1-spiro[4,5]dec-7-en-7-yl-4-pentenen-1-one; 7-octen-2-ol, 2-methyl-6-methylene-dihydro, cyclohexanol, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, acetate; hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5(6)-yl propionatehexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5(6)-yl propionate; 2-methoxynaphtalene; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexenyl)-2-buten-1-one; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-2-buten-1-one; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol; 3-buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-2-yl)-; hexanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester; (z)-non-6-en-1-al; 1-decyl aldehyde; 1-octanal; 4-t-butyl-methylhydrocinnamaldehyde; ethyl-2,4-hexadienoate; 2-propenyl 3-cyclohexanepropanoate; and mixtures thereof; s.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, at least 5% of a material selected from the group consisting of 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, dimethyl-; 3-buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-2-yl)-; patchouli oil; Hexanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester; 1-Octanal; 1-decyl aldehyde; (z)-non-6-en-1-al; methyl nonyl acetic aldehyde; ethyl-2-methylbutanoate; 1-methylethyl-2-methylbutanoate; ethyl-2-methyl pentanoate; 4-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzaldehyde; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone; 3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone and mixtures thereof; t.) a perfume composition comprising, based on total perfume composition weight, less than 10% perfumes having a ClogP greater than 5.0; u.) a perfume composition comprising geranyl palmitate; or v.) a perfume composition comprising a first and an optional second material, said first material having: (i) a ClogP of at least 2; (ii) a boiling point of less than about 280° C.; and second optional second material, when present, having (i) a ClogP of less than 2.5; and (ii) a ODT of less than about 100 ppb.
In some examples, the microcapsules may include a benefit agent comprising: one or more materials selected from the group consisting of (5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl) acetate; 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-al; 2-(phenoxy)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate; prop-2-enyl 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetate; 3-methyl-1-isobutylbutyl acetate; prop-2-enyl hexanoate; prop-2-enyl 3-cyclohexylpropanoate; prop-2-enyl heptanoate; (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-2-en-1-one; (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one; (E)-3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)pent-1-en-3-one; 6,6,9a-trimethyl-1,2,3a,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-decahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan; pentyl 2-hydroxybenzoate; 7,7-dimethyl-2-methylidene-norbornane; (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)but-2-en-1-one; (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)but-3-en-2-one; 4-ethoxy-4,8,8-trimethyl-9-methylidenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane; (1,7,7-trimethyl-6-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) acetate; 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propanal; 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-2,5,6,7-tetrahydroinden-4-one; 2-oxabicyclo2.2.2octane, 1methyl4(2,2,3trimethylcyclopentyl); [(Z)-hex-3-enyl] acetate; [(Z)-hex-3-enyl] 2-methylbutanoate; cis-3-hexenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate; 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal; 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-al; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol; 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enyl acetate; 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enenitrile; 2-(3,7-dimethyloct-6-enoxy)acetaldehyde; tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-propyl-2h-pyran-4-yl acetate; ethyl 3-phenyloxirane-2-carboxylate; hexahydro-4,7-methano-indenyl isobutyrate; 2,4-dimethylcyclohex-3-ene-1-carbaldehyde; hexahydro-4,7-methano-indenyl propionate; 2-cyclohexylethyl acetate; 2-pentylcyclopentan-1-ol; (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-(6-cyclohexylhexoxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol; (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)but-2-en-1-one; 1-cyclohexylethyl (E)-but-2-enoate; dodecanal; (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl)but-2-en-1-one; (5E)-3-methylcyclopentadec-5-en-1-one; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)butan-2-one; 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol; methyl 2-hexyl-3-oxocyclopentane-1-carboxylate; 2,6-dimethyloct-7-en-2-ol; 4,7-dimethyloct-6-en-3-one; 4-(octahydro-4,7-methano-5H-inden-5-yliden)butanal; acetaldehyde ethyl linalyl acetal; ethyl 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoate; ethyl 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylate; 2-ethylhexanoate; (6E)-3,7-dimethylnona-1,6-dien-3-ol; ethyl 2-methylbutanoate; ethyl 2-methylpentanoate; ethyl tetradecanoate; ethyl nonanoate; ethyl 3-phenyloxirane-2-carboxylate; 1,4-dioxacycloheptadecane-5,17-dione; 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2,2,2]octane; [essential oil]; oxacyclo-hexadecan-2-one; 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanal; 2-butan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one; 1,4-cyclohexandicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester; (3aalpha,4beta,7beta,7aalpha)-octahydro-4,7-methano-3aH-indene-3a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; hexahydro-4-7, menthano-1H-inden-6-yl propionate; 2-butenon-1-one, 1-(2,6-dimethyl-6-methylencyclohexyl)-; (E)-4-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)but-3-en-2-one; 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,4-diene; 5-heptyloxolan-2-one; 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; [(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl] acetate; [(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl] octanoate; ethyl 2-ethyl-6,6-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate; (4-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl) acetate; 2-butyl-4,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran; oxacyclohexadecen-2-one; 1-propanol, 2-[1-(3,3-dimethyl-cyclohexyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpropanoate; 1-heptyl acetate; 1-hexyl acetate; hexyl 2-methylpropanoate; (2-(1-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl)benzene; 4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxine; undec-10-enal; 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one; 1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-ethan-1-one; 7-acetyl,1,2,3,4,5,6,7-octahydro-1,1,6,7,-tetra methyl naphthalene; 3-methylbutyl 2-hydroxybenzoate; [(1R,4S,6R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-6-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] acetate; [ (1R,4R,6R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-6-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylpropanoate; (1,7,7-trimethyl-5-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) propanoate; 2-methylpropyl hexanoate; [2-methoxy-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenyl] acetate; 2-hexylcyclopent-2-en-1-one; 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-one; 7-methyloctyl acetate; propan-2-yl 2-methylbutanoate; 3,4,5,6,6-pentamethylheptenone-2; hexahydro-3,6-dimethyl-2(3H)-benzofuranone; 2,4,4,7-tetramethyl-6,8-nonadiene-3-one oxime; dodecyl acetate; [essential oil]; 3,7-dimethylnona-2,6-dienenitrile; [(Z)-hex-3-enyl]methyl carbonate; 2-methyl-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propanal; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl butanoate; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl formate; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl 2-methylpropanoate; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl propanoate; 3-methyl-7-propan-2-ylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-5-carbaldehyde; 2,2-dimethyl-3-(3-methylphenyl)propan-1-ol; 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)butan al; 2,6-dimethylhept-5-enal; 5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-cyclohexan-1-ol; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)pent-1-en-3-one; methyl 3-oxo-2-pentylcyclopentaneacetate; methyl tetradecanoate; 2-methylundecanal; 2-methyldecanal; 1,1-dimethoxy-2,2,5-trimethyl-4-hexene; [(1S)-3-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-1-cyclohex-3-enyl]methyl acetate; 2-(2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl)cyclo-pentanone; 4-penten-1-one, 1-(5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl; 1H-indene-ar-propanal, 2,3,-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-(9CI); 2-ethoxynaphthalene; nonanal; 2-(7,7-dimethyl-4-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-enyl)ethyl acetate; octanal; 4-(1-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-1-methylcyclohexene; (2-tert-butylcyclohexyl) acetate; (E)-1-ethoxy-4-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)cyclohexane; 1,1-dimethoxynon-2-yne; [essential oil]; 2-cyclohexylidene-2-phenylacetonitrile; 2-cyclohexyl-1,6-heptadien-3-one; 4-cyclohexyl-2-methylbutan-2-ol; 2-phenylethyl 2-phenylacetate; (2E, 5E/Z)-5,6,7-trimethyl octa-2,5-dien-4-one; 1-methyl-3-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carbaldehyde; methyl 2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexane-1-carboxylate; 1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethyl acetate; 4-methyl-2-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)oxane; 1-spiro(4.5)-7-decen-7-yl-4-penten-1-one; 4-(2-butenylidene)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one; 2-(4-methyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl)propan-2-ol; 4-isopropylidene-1-methyl-cyclohexene; 2-(4-methyl-1-cyclohex-3-enyl)propan-2-yl acetate; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-yl acetate; 3-phenylbutanal; (2,5-dimethyl-4-oxofuran-3-yl) acetate; 4-methyl-3-decen-5-ol; undec-10-enal; (4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl) 2-methylpropanoate; 2,2,5-trimethyl-5-pentylcyclopentan-1-one; 2-tert-butylcyclohexan-1-ol; (2-tert-butylcyclohexyl) acetate; 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate; 1-(3-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-6-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-enyl)ethanone; (4,8-dimethyl-2-propan-2-ylidene-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-1H-azulen-6-yl) acetate; [(4Z)-1-cyclooct-4-enyl] methyl carbonate; methyl beta naphtyl ether; materials and stereoisomers thereof.
The compositions may also include a parent fragrance and one or more encapsulated fragrances that may or may not differ from the parent fragrance. For example, the composition may include a parent fragrance and a non-parent fragrance. A parent fragrance refers to a fragrance that is dispersed throughout the composition and is typically not encapsulated when added to the composition. Herein, a non-parent fragrance refers to a fragrance that differs from a parent fragrance included within the composition and is encapsulated with an encapsulating material prior to inclusion into the composition. Non-limiting examples of differences between a fragrance and a non-parent fragrance include differences in chemical make-up. In some examples, dried microcapsules may be incorporated into the composition, prepared by spray drying, fluid bed drying, tray drying, or other such drying processes that are available.
Suspending Agents
The compositions described herein may include one or more suspending agents to suspend the microcapsules and other water-insoluble material dispersed in the composition. The concentration of the suspending agent may range from about 0.01% to about 90%, alternatively from about 0.01% to 15% by weight of the composition.
Non-limiting examples of suspending agents include anionic polymers, cationic polymers, and nonionic polymers. Non-limiting examples of said polymers include vinyl polymers such as cross linked acrylic acid polymers with the CTFA name Carbomer, cellulose derivatives and modified cellulose polymers such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, nitro cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, crystalline cellulose, cellulose powder, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, xanthan gum, arabia gum, tragacanth, galactan, carob gum, guar gum, karaya gum, carrageenan, pectin, agar, quince seed (Cydonia oblonga Mill), starch (rice, corn, potato, wheat), algae colloids (algae extract), microbiological polymers such as dextran, succinoglucan, pulleran, starch-based polymers such as carboxymethyl starch, methylhydroxypropyl starch, alginic acid-based polymers such as sodium alginate and alginic acid, propylene glycol esters, acrylate polymers such as sodium polyacrylate, polyethylacrylate, polyacrylamide, and polyethyleneimine, and inorganic water soluble material such as bentonite, aluminum magnesium silicate, laponite, hectonite, and anhydrous silicic acid. Other suspending agents may include, but are not limited to, Konjac, Gellan, and a methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer crosslinked with decadiene (e.g. Stabileze®).
Other non-limiting examples of suspending agents include cross-linked polyacrylate polymers like Carbomers with the trade names Carbopol® 934, Carbopol® 940, Carbopol® 950, Carbopol® 980, Carbopol® 981, Carbopol® Ultrez 10, Carbopol® Ultrez 20, Carbopol® Ultrez 21, Carbopol® Ultrez 30, Carbopol® ETD2020, Carbopol® ETD2050, Pemulen® TR-1, and Pemulen® TR-2, available from The Lubrizol Corporation; acrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer with trade name ACRYSOLTM 22 available from Rohm and Hass; acrylates/beheneth-25 methacrylate copolymers, trade names including Aculyn-28 available from Rohm and Hass, and VolarestTM FL available from Croda; nonoxynyl hydroxyethylcellulose with the trade name AmercellTM POLYMER HM-1500 available from Amerchol; methylcellulose with the trade name BENECEL®, hydroxyethyl cellulose with the trade name NATROSOL®; hydroxypropyl cellulose with the trade name KLUCEL®; cetyl hydroxyethyl cellulose with the trade name POLYSURF® 67, supplied by Hercules; ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide based polymers with the trade names CARBOWAX® PEGs, POLYOX WASRs, and UCON® FLUIDS, all supplied by Amerchol; ammonium acryloyl dimethyltaurate/carboxyethyl-acrylate-crosspolymers like Aristoflex® TAC copolymer, ammonium acryloyl dimethyltaurate/VP copolymers like Aristoflex® AVS copolymer, sodium acryloyl dimethyltaurate/VP crosspolymers like Aristoflex® AVS copolymer, ammonium acryloyl dimethyltaurate/beheneth-25 methacrylate crosspolymers like Aristoflex® BVL or HMB, all available from Clariant Corporation; polyacrylate crosspolymer-6 with the trade name SepimaxTM Zen, available from Seppic; and cross-linked copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and acrylic acid such as UltraThixTM P-100 polymer available from Ashland.
Other non-limiting examples of suspending agents include crystalline suspending agents which can be categorized as acyl derivatives, long chain amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.
Other non-limiting examples of suspending agents include ethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, in some aspects those having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms; ethylene glycol stearates, both mono and distearate, in some aspects, the distearate containing less than about 7% of the mono stearate; alkanol amides of fatty acids, having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, or about 16 to 18 carbon atoms, examples of which include stearic monoethanolamide, stearic diethanolamide, stearic monoisopropanolamide and stearic monoethanolamide stearate; long chain acyl derivatives including long chain esters of long chain fatty acids (e.g., stearyl stearate, cetyl palmitate, etc.); long chain esters of long chain alkanol amides (e.g., stearamide diethanolamide distearate, stearamide monoethanolamide stearate); and glyceryl esters (e.g., glyceryl distearate, trihydroxystearin, tribehenin), a commercial example of which is Thixin® R available from Rheox, Inc. Other non-limiting examples of suspending agents include long chain acyl derivatives, ethylene glycol esters of long chain carboxylic acids, long chain amine oxides, and alkanol amides of long chain carboxylic acids.
Other non-limiting examples of suspending agents include long chain acyl derivatives including N,N-dihydrocarbyl amido benzoic acid and soluble salts thereof (e.g., Na, K), particularly N,N-di(hydrogenated) C16, C18 and tallow amido benzoic acid species of this family, which are commercially available from Stepan Company (Northfield, Ill., USA).
Non-limiting examples of suitable long chain amine oxides for use as suspending agents include alkyl dimethyl amine oxides (e.g., stearyl dimethyl amine oxide).
Other non-limiting suitable suspending agents include primary amines having a fatty alkyl moiety having at least about 16 carbon atoms, examples of which include palmitamine or stearamine, and secondary amines having two fatty alkyl moieties each having at least about 12 carbon atoms, examples of which include dipalmitoylamine or di(hydrogenated tallow)amine. Other non-limiting examples of suspending agents include di(hydrogenated tallow)phthalic acid amide, and cross-linked maleic anhydride-methyl vinyl ether copolymer.
Coloring Agents
The compositions herein may include a coloring agent. A coloring agent may be in the form of a pigment. As used herein, the term “pigment” means a solid that reflects light of certain wavelengths while absorbing light of other wavelengths, without providing appreciable luminescence. Useful pigments include, but are not limited to, those which are extended onto inert mineral(s) (e.g., talk, calcium carbonate, clay) or treated with silicone or other coatings (e.g., to prevent pigment particles from re-agglomerating or to change the polarity (hydrophobicity) of the pigment. Pigments may be used to impart opacity and color. Any pigment that is generally recognized as safe (such as those listed in C.T.F.A. cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, 3rd Ed., cosmetic and Fragrance Association, Inc., Washington, D.C. (1982), herein incorporated by reference) may be included in the compositions described herein. Non-limiting examples of pigments include body pigment, inorganic white pigment, inorganic colored pigment, pearling agent, and the like. Non-limiting examples of pigments include talc, mica, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate, aluminum magnesium silicate, silica, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, black iron oxide, ultramarine, polyethylene powder, methacrylate powder, polystyrene powder, silk powder, crystalline cellulose, starch, titanated mica, iron oxide titanated mica, bismuth oxychloride, and the like. The aforementioned pigments can be used independently or in combination.
Other non-limiting examples of pigments include inorganic powders such as gums, chalk, Fuller's earth, kaolin, sericite, muscovite, phlogopite, synthetic mica, lepidolite, biotite, lithia mica, vermiculite, aluminum silicate, starch, smectite clays, alkyl and/or trialkyl aryl ammonium smectites, chemically modified magnesium aluminum silicate, organically modified montmorillonite clay, hydrated aluminum silicate, fumed aluminum starch octenyl succinate barium silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, strontium silicate, metal tungstate, magnesium, silica alumina, zeolite, barium sulfate, calcined calcium sulfate (calcined gypsum), calcium phosphate, fluorine apatite, hydroxyapatite, ceramic powder, metallic soap (zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc myristate, calcium palmitate, and aluminum stearate), colloidal silicone dioxide, and boron nitride; organic powder such as polyamide resin powder (nylon powder), cyclodextrin, methyl polymethacrylate powder, copolymer powder of styrene and acrylic acid, benzoguanamine resin powder, poly(ethylene tetrafluoride) powder, and carboxyvinyl polymer, cellulose powder such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene glycol monostearate; inorganic white pigments such as magnesium oxide. Non-limiting examples of pigments include nanocolorants from BASF and multi-layer interference pigments such as Sicopearls from BASF. The pigments may be surface treated to provide added stability of color and ease of formulation. Non-limiting examples of pigments include aluminum, barium or calcium salts or lakes. Some other non-limiting examples of coloring agents include Red 3 Aluminum Lake, Red 21 Aluminum Lake, Red 27 Aluminum Lake, Red 28 Aluminum Lake, Red 33 Aluminum Lake, Yellow 5 Aluminum Lake, Yellow 6 Aluminum Lake, Yellow 10 Aluminum Lake, Orange 5 Aluminum Lake and Blue 1 Aluminum Lake, Red 6 Barium Lake, Red 7 Calcium Lake.
A coloring agent may also be a dye. Non-limiting examples include Red 6, Red 21, Brown, Russet and Sienna dyes, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Red 33, Red 4, Blue 1, Violet 2, and mixtures thereof. Other non-limiting examples of dyes include fluorescent dyes like fluorescein.
Other Ingredients
The compositions may include other ingredients like antioxidants, ultraviolet inhibitors like sunscreen agents and physical sunblocks, cyclodextrins, quenchers, and/or skin care actives. Non-limiting examples of other ingredients include 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate; hexyl 2-[4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]benzoate; 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxy dibenzoylmethane; 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzo-phenone; 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid; octocrylene; zinc oxide; titanium dioxide; vitamins like vitamin C, vitamin B, vitamin A, vitamin E, and derivatives thereof; flavones and flavonoids; amino acids like glycine, tyrosine, etc.; carotenoids and carotenes; chelating agents like EDTA, lactates, citrates, and derivatives thereof.
First and Second Compositions
The dispenser may include a first composition stored in a first reservoir and a second composition stored in the second reservoir. The second composition may include a volatile solvent and a first fragrance. The first composition may include a plurality of microcapsules and a carrier such as water. The first composition my further include a suspending agent. The first and second compositions may each further include any other ingredient listed herein unless such an ingredient negatively affects the performance of the microcapsules. Non-limiting examples of other ingredients include a coloring agent included in at least one of the first and second compositions and at least one non-encapsulated fragrance in the first composition or second composition.
When the first comprises microcapsules encapsulating a fragrance, the first compositions may further include a non-encapsulated fragrance that may or may not differ from the encapsulated fragrance in chemical make-up. In some examples, the first composition may be substantially free of a material selected from the group consisting of a propellant, a volatile solvent like ethanol, a detersive surfactant, and combinations thereof; preferably free of a material selected from the group consisting of a propellant, a volatile solvent like ethanol, a detersive surfactant, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of propellants include compressed air, nitrogen, inert gases, carbon dioxide, gaseous hydrocarbons like propane, n-butane, isobutene, cyclopropane, and mixtures thereof. In some examples, the second composition may be substantially free of a material selected from the group consisting of a propellant, microcapsules, a detersive surfactant, and combinations thereof; preferably free of a material selected from the group consisting of propellant, microcapsules, a detersive surfactant, and combinations thereof. At least some of the microcapsules included in such a dispenser may encapsulate a fragrance. The fragrance encapsulated within the microcapsules may or may not differ in chemical make-up from the non-encapsulated fragrance included with the volatile solvent.
In some examples, the first composition may include at least 50%, at least 75%, or even at least 90%, by weight of the composition, of water; a plurality of microcapsules; and from about 0.01% to about 90%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 15%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 15%, by weight of the composition, of a suspending agent; wherein the composition is free of propellants, volatile solvents (e.g. ethanol), and detersive surfactants; wherein the microcapsules comprise a first fragrance and a shell that surrounds said first fragrance. In some examples, the first composition may be substantially free of, or alternatively, free of a wax, an antiperspirant, and combinations thereof. In some examples, the first composition may comprise about 20% or less, about 10% or less, about 7% or less, of the microcapsules. It is to be appreciated that because the first composition is to be atomized, the concentration of the microcapsules in the first composition should not be so high as to prevent suitable atomization.
Test Methods
It is understood that the test methods that are disclosed in the Test Methods Section of the present application should be used to determine the respective values of the parameters of Applicants' invention as such invention is described and claimed herein.
(1) Fracture Strength


    a.) Place 1 gram of particles in 1 liter of distilled deionized (DI) water.
    b.) Permit the particles to remain in the DI water for 10 minutes and then recover the particles by filtration.
    c.) Determine the average rupture force of the particles by averaging the rupture force of 50 individual particles. The rupture force of a particle is determined using the procedure given in Zhang, Z.; Sun, G; “Mechanical Properties of Melamine-Formaldehyde microcapsules,” J. Microencapsulation, vol 18, no. 5, pages 593-602, 2001. Then calculate the average fracture strength by dividing the average rupture force (in Newtons) by the average cross-sectional area of the spherical particle (πr2, where r is the radius of the particle before compression), said average cross-sectional area being determined as follows:
    
        (i) Place 1 gram of particles in 1 liter of distilled deionized (DI) water.
        (ii) Permit the particles to remain in the DI water for 10 minutes and then recover the particles by filtration.
        (iii) Determine the particle size distribution of the particle sample by measuring the particle size of 50 individual particles using the experimental apparatus and method of Zhang, Z.; Sun, G; “Mechanical Properties of MelamineFormaldehyde microcapsules,” J. Microencapsulation, vol 18, no. 5, pages 593-602, 2001.
        (iv) Average the 50 independent particle diameter measurements to obtain an o average particle diameter.
    
    
    d.) For a capsule slurry, the sample is divided into three particle size fractions covering the particle size distribution. Per particle size fraction about 30 fracture strengths are determined.

(2) ClogP



The “calculated logP” (ClogP) is determined by the fragment approach of Hansch and Leo (cf., A. Leo, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 4, C. Hansch, P. G. Sammens, J. B. Taylor, and c. A. Ramsden, Eds. P. 295, Pergamon Press, 1990, incorporated herein by reference). ClogP values may be calculated by using the “CLOGP” program available from Daylight Chemical Information Systems Inc. of Irvine, Calif. U.S.A.
(3) Boiling Point
Boiling point is measured by ASTM method D2887-04a, “Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography,” ASTM International.
(4) Volume Weight Fractions
Volume weight fractions are determined via the method of single-particle optical sensing (SPOS), also called optical particle counting (OPC). Volume weight fractions are determined via an Accusizer 780/AD supplied by Particle Sizing Systems of Santa Barbara Calif., U.S.A. or equivalent.
Procedure:


    1) Put the sensor in a cold state by flushing water through the sensor;
    2) Confirm background counts are less than 100 (if more than 100, continue the flush)
    3) Prepare particle standard: pipette approx. 1 ml of shaken particles into a blender filled with approx. 2 cups of DI water. Blend it. Pipette approx. 1 ml of diluted, blended particles into 50 ml of DI water.
    4) Measure particle standard: pipette approx. 1 ml of double diluted standard into Accusizer bulb. Press the start measurement-Autodilution button. Confirm particles counts are more than 9200 by looking in the status bar. If counts are less than 9200, press stop and 10 inject more sample.
    5) Immediately after measurement, inject one full pipette of soap (5% Micro 90) into bulb and press the Start Automatic Flush Cycles button.

(5) Volume Weighted Fracture Strength (VWFS)

VWFS=(fracture strength1×volume fraction1)+(fracture strength2×volume fraction2)+(fracture strength3×volume fraction3)

Fracture strength1=average fracture strength measured from a pool of 10 microcapsules (with similar particle size)

Volume fraction1=volume fraction determined via Accusizer of particle distribution corresponding to fracture strength1 



The spread around the fracture strength to determine the volume fraction is determined as follows:
For particle batches with a mean particle sizes of about 15 micrometers a spread of about 10 micrometers is used, for particle batches with a mean particle sizes of about 30 micrometers and above, a spread of about 10 to 15 micrometers is used.
















Fracture Strength





Mean Particle
Determination at
Volume
Volume Fracture


Particle Batch
Size
3 particle sizes
Fractions
Strength







Melamine-based
31 microns
21 micron, 1.8 MPa;
1 to 25 microns,
1.5 MPa


polyurea

31 micron,
30%; 25 to 36




1.6 MPa; 41
microns, 40%;




micron, 1.2 MPa)
36 to 50 microns,





30%









(6) Benefit Agent Leakage Test

    a.) Obtain 2, one gram samples of benefit agent particle composition.
    b.) Add 1 gram (Sample 1) of particle composition to 99 grams of product matrix that the particle will be employed in and with the second sample immediately proceed to Step d below.
    c.) Age the particle containing product matrix (Sample 1) of a.) above for 2 weeks at 35° C. in a sealed, glass jar.
    d.) Recover the particle composition's particles from the product matrix of c.) (Sample 1 in product matrix) and from particle composition (Sample 2) above by filtration.
    e.) Treat each particle sample from d.) above with a solvent that will extract all the benefit agent from each samples' particles.
    f.) Inject the benefit agent containing solvent from each sample from e.) above into a Gas Chromatograph and integrate the peak areas to determine the total quantity of benefit agent extracted from each sample.
    g.) The benefit agent leakage is defined as:


Value from f.) above for Sample 2−Value from f.) above for Sample 1.
(7) Test Method for Determining Median Volume-Weighted Particle Size of Microcapsules
One skilled in the art will recognize that various protocols may be constructed for the extraction and isolation of microcapsules from finished products, and will recognize that such methods require validation via a comparison of the resulting measured values, as measured before and after the microcapsules' addition to and extraction from the finished product. The isolated microcapsules are then formulated in deionized water to form a capsule slurry for characterization for particle size distribution.
The median volume-weighted particle size of the microcapsules is measured using an Accusizer 780A, made by Particle Sizing Systems, Santa Barbara Calif., or equivalent. The instrument is calibrated from 0 to 300 μm using particle size standards (as available from Duke/Thermo-Fisher-Scientific Inc., Waltham, Mass., USA). Samples for particle size evaluation are prepared by diluting about 1 g of capsule slurry in about 5 g of de-ionized water and further diluting about 1 g of this solution in about 25 g of water. About 1 g of the most dilute sample is added to the Accusizer and the testing initiated using the autodilution feature. The Accusizer should be reading in excess of 9200 counts/second. If the counts are less than 9200 additional sample should be added. Dilute the test sample until 9200 counts/second and then the evaluation should be initiated. After 2 minutes of testing the Accusizer will display the results, including the median volume-weighted particle size.
EXAMPLES
The following examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, as many variations thereof are possible.
In the examples, all concentrations are listed as weight percent, unless otherwise specified and may exclude minor materials such as diluents, filler, and so forth. The listed formulations, therefore, comprise the listed components and any minor materials associated with such components. As is apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, the selection of these minor materials will vary depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of the particular ingredients selected to make the present invention as described herein.
Example 1. Polyacrylate Microcapsule
An oil solution, consisting of 128.4 g Fragrance Oil, 32.1 g isopropyl myristate, 0.86 g DuPont Vazo-67, 0.69 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 1000 rpm (4 tip, 2′′ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100 cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This will be called oil solution A.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 300 g deionized water to which is dispersed 2.40 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25 degrees Centigrade. The mixture is heated to 85 degrees Centigrade and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30 degrees Centigrade. 1.03 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.51 grams of 40% sodium hydroxide solution. Heat the solution to 50° C., and maintain the solution at that temperature.
To the oil solution A, add 0.19 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.19 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 15.41 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This will be called oil solution B. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator.
Start nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring the oil solution B into the aqueous solution in the reactor, with minimal mixing. Increase mixing to 1800-2500 rpm, for 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3′′ propeller at 350 rpm. The batch is held at 50° C. for 45 minutes, the temperature is increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 12.6 microns, a fracture strength of 7.68±2.0 MPa, and a 51%±20% deformation at fracture.
Example 2. Polyacrylate Microcapsules
An oil solution, consisting of 96 g Fragrance Oil, 64 g isopropyl myristate, 0.86 g DuPont Vazo-67, 0.69 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 1000 rpm (4 tip, 2′′ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100 cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This will be called oil solution A.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 300 g deionized water to which is dispersed 2.40 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25 degrees Centigrade. The mixture is heated to 85 degrees Centigrade and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30 degrees Centigrade. 1.03 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.51 grams of 40% sodium hydroxide solution. Heat the solution to 50° C., and maintain the solution at that temperature.
To the oil solution A, add 0.19 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.19 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 15.41 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This will be called oil solution B. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator.
Start nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring the oil solution B into the aqueous solution in the reactor, with minimal mixing. Increase mixing to 1800-2500 rpm, for 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3′′ propeller at 350 rpm. The batch is held at 50° C. for 45 minutes, the temperature is increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 12.6 microns, a fracture strength of 2.60±1.2 MPa, 37%±15% deformation at fracture.
Example 3. Polyacrylate Microcapsules
An oil solution, consisting of 128.4 g Fragrance Oil, 32.1 g isopropyl myristate, 0.86 g DuPont Vazo-67, 0.69 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 1000 rpm (4 tip, 2′′ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100 cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This will be called oil solution A.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 300 g deionized water to which is dispersed 2.40 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25 degrees Centigrade. The mixture is heated to 85 degrees Centigrade and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30 degrees Centigrade. 1.03 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.51 grams of 40% sodium hydroxide solution. Heat the solution to 50° C., and maintain the solution at that temperature.
To the oil solution A, add 0.19 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.19 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 15.41 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This will be called oil solution B. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator.
Start nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring the oil solution B into the aqueous solution in the reactor, with minimal mixing. Increase mixing to 1300-1600 rpm, for 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3′′ propeller at 350 rpm. The batch is held at 50° C. for 45 minutes, the temperature is increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 26.1 microns, a fracture strength of 1.94±1.2 MPa, 30%±14% deformation at fracture.
Example 4. Polyacrylate Microcapsules
An oil solution, consisting of 128.4 g Fragrance Oil, 32.1 g isopropyl myristate, 0.86 g DuPont Vazo-67, 0.69 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 1000 rpm (4 tip, 2′′ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100 cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This will be called oil solution A.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 300 g deionized water to which is dispersed 2.40 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25 degrees Centigrade. The mixture is heated to 85 degrees Centigrade and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30 degrees Centigrade. 1.03 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.51 grams of 40% sodium hydroxide solution. Heat the solution to 50° C., and maintain the solution at that temperature.
To the oil solution A, add 0.19 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.19 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 15.41 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This will be called oil solution B. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator.
Start nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring the oil solution B into the aqueous solution in the reactor, with minimal mixing. Increase mixing to 2500-2800 rpm, for 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3′′ propeller at 350 rpm. The batch is held at 50° C. for 45 minutes, the temperature is increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 10.0 microns, a fracture strength of 7.64±2.2 MPa, 56%±20% deformation at fracture.
Example 5. Polyurea/Urethane Microcapsules
An aqueous solution, consisting of 6.06 g Celvol 523 polyvinyl alcohol (Celanese Chemicals) and 193.94 g deionized water, is added into a temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor at room temperature. Then an oil solution, consisting of 75 g Scent A and 25 g Desmodur N3400 (polymeric hexamethylene diisocyanate), is added into the reactor. The mixture is emulsified with a propeller (4 tip, 2′′ diameter, flat mill blade; 2200 rpm) to desired emulsion droplet size. The resulting emulsion is then mixed with a Z-bar propeller at 450 rpm. An aqueous solution, consisting of 47 g water and 2.68 g tetraethylenepentamine, is added into the emulsion. And it is then heated to 60° C., held at 60° C. for 8 hours, and allowed to cool to room temperature. The median particle size of the resultant microcapsules is 10 microns.
Example 6. Polyurea/Urethane Microcapsules
Prepare the Oil Phase by adding 4.44 grams of isophorone diisocyanate (Sigma Aldrich) to 5.69 grams of Scent A fragrance oil. Prepare a Water Phase by mixing 1.67 grams of Ethylene Diamine (Sigma Aldrich) and 0.04 grams of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (Sigma Aldrich) into 40 grams of a 5 wt % aqueous solution of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90 (Sigma Aldrich) at 10 degrees Centigrade. Next, add the Oil Phase contents to 15.0 grams of a 5 wt % aqueous solution of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90 (Sigma Aldrich), while agitating the mix at 1400 RPM using a Janke & Kunkel IKA Laboretechnik RW20 DZM motor with a 3-blade turbine agitator for approximately 9 minutes. Next, add the addition of the Water Phase into the emulsified Oil Phase dropwise over a 6.5 minute period, while continuing to agitate at 1400 RPM. Continue to agitate for 23 minutes, then reduce the agitation speed to 1000 RPM. After 3.75 additional hours, reduce the agitation speed to 500 RPM, and continue to agitate for 14 hours. Start heating the dispersion to 50 degrees Centigrade, over a 2 hour period. Age the capsules at 50 C for 2 hours, then collect the microcapsules. The resultant microcapsules have a median particle size of 12 microns.
Example 7. Polyacrylate Microcapsules
The polyacrylate microcapsule with the characteristics displayed in Table 3 may be prepared as follows. An oil solution, consisting of 112.34 g Fragrance Oil, 12.46 g isopropyl myristate, 2.57 g DuPont Vazo-67, 2.06 g Wako Chemicals V-501, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 1000 rpm (4 tip, 2′′ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100 cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 70° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 50° C. in 75 minutes. This will be called oil solution A.
In a reactor vessel, an aqueous solution is prepared consisting of 300 g deionized water to which is dispersed 2.40 grams of Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol at 25 degrees Centigrade. The mixture is heated to 85 degrees Centigrade and held there for 45 minutes. The solution is cooled to 30 degrees Centigrade. 1.03 grams of Wako Chemicals V-501 initiator is added, along with 0.51 grams of 40% sodium hydroxide solution. Heat the solution to 50° C., and maintain the solution at that temperature.
To the oil solution A, add 0.56 grams of tert-butyl amino ethyl methacrylate (Sigma Aldrich), 0.56 grams of beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate (Sigma Aldrich), and 46.23 grams of Sartomer CN975 (Sartomer, Inc.). Mix the acrylate monomers into the oil phase for 10 minutes. This will be called oil solution B. Use a Caframo mixer with a 4-blade pitched turbine agitator.
Start nitrogen blanket on top of the aqueous solution in reactor. Start transferring the oil solution B into the aqueous solution in the reactor, with minimal mixing. Increase mixing to 1800-2500 rpm, for 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3′′ propeller at 350 rpm. The batch is held at 50° C. for 45 minutes, the temperature is increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 95° C. in 30 minutes and held at 95° C. for 6 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
Example 8. Spray Drying of Perfume Microcapsules
The microcapsules of Example 1 are pumped at a rate of 1 kg/hr into a co-current spray dryer (Niro Production Minor, 1.2 meter diameter) and atomized using a centrifugal wheel (100 mm diameter) rotating at 18,000 RPM. Dryer operating conditions are: air flow of 80 kg/hr, an inlet air temperature of 200 degrees Centigrade, an outlet temperature of 100 degrees Centigrade, dryer operating at a pressure of −150 millimeters of water vacuum. The dried powder is collected at the bottom of a cyclone. The collected microcapsules have an approximate particle diameter of 11 microns. The equipment used the spray drying process may be obtained from the following suppliers: IKA Werke GmbH & Co. KG, Janke and Kunkel-Str. 10, D79219 Staufen, Germany; Niro A/S Gladsaxevej 305, P.O. Box 45, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark and Watson-Marlow Bredel Pumps Limited, Falmouth, Cornwall, TR11 4RU, England.
Example 9
The microcapsules described in EXAMPLES 1-8 may be used as illustrated in the First Composition below at the indicated percentage.














Second Composition
(% w/w)



















Ethanol (96%)
74.88



Fragrance
14



Water
10.82



Diethylamino Hydroxybenzol Hexyl
0.195



Benzoate



Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate
0.105
























First Composition
(% w/w)



















Water
92.5847



Microcapsules
6.0361



Carbomer
0.5018



Phenoxyethanol
0.2509



Magnesium Chloride
0.2456



Sodium Hydroxide
0.1254



Disodium EDTA
0.0836



Polyvinyl alcohol
0.0655



Sodium Benzoate
0.0409



Potassium Sorbate
0.0409



Xanthan Gum
0.0246










It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

## Claims

1. A dispenser comprising:
a first reservoir, the first reservoir comprising a first pump and a first composition;
a second reservoir, the second reservoir comprising a second pump and a second composition;
a first channel having a proximal end and a distal end;
a second channel having a proximal end and a distal end;
an exit orifice;
a premix chamber;
a swirl chamber; and
an actuator;
wherein the proximal end of the first channel is in liquid communication with the first pump and the distal end of the first channel is in liquid communication with the premix chamber;
wherein the proximal end of the second channel is in liquid communication with the second pump and the distal end of the second channel is in liquid communication with the premix chamber;
wherein the premix chamber is located between a first exit tube and a second exit tube and is in liquid communication with the swirl chamber;
wherein the swirl chamber is located between the exit orifice and the first and said second exit tubes;
wherein said first pump and second pump are operatively associated with the actuator;
wherein said first composition comprises microcapsules and a carrier comprising water and said second composition comprises a volatile solvent;
wherein said premix chamber comprises a mixing element.

2. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the first composition and the second composition mix prior to exiting via the exit orifice but do not mix prior to entering the premix chamber.

3. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the dispenser dispenses a dispensing volume and the premix chamber comprises a mixing volume; wherein the dispensing volume is greater than the mixing volume.

4. The dispenser of claim 3, wherein the mixing volume is from about 1% to 75% by weight, of the dispensing volume.

5. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein first reservoir and the second reservoir have different volumes.

6. The dispenser of claim 4, wherein the dispensing volume is from about 30 microliters to about 300 microliters.

7. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the first pump and the second pump dispense different volumes.

8. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the dispenser further comprises a first dip tube and a second dip tube; wherein the first dip tube is in communication with the first pump and the second dip tube is in communication with the second pump.

9. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the first composition and second composition are dispensed as a mixture from the exit orifice at a weight ratio of from 10:1 to 1:10.

10. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the swirl chamber further comprises one or more flow passages.

11. The dispenser of claim 10, wherein the swirl chamber further comprises a swirl zone; wherein said swirl zone is in communication with the exit orifice and at least one flow passage.

12. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the microcapsules comprise a core material and a shell encapsulating the core material; wherein the core material comprises a fragrance.

13. The dispenser of claim 12, wherein the wherein the shell comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyethylenes, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyisoprenes, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polysaccharides, epoxy resins, vinyl polymers, and combinations thereof.

14. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the microcapsules have a fracture strength of from about 0.2 MPa to about 20 MPa.

15. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the first composition is substantially free of a material selected from the group consisting of a propellant, ethanol, a detersive surfactant, and combinations thereof.

16. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the second composition is substantially free of a material selected from the group consisting of a propellant, microcapsules, a detersive surfactant, and combinations thereof.

17. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the microcapsules have a median volume-weighted particle size of from about 2 microns to about 80 microns.

18. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the volatile solvent is ethanol.

19. The dispenser of claim 1 where the distal end of the first channel is in liquid communication with the premix chamber along a first direction and the distal end of the second channel is in liquid communication with the premix chamber along a second direction, wherein the first and second directions are opposing in a straight line; are mutually inclined at angle less than 180°; or are parallel and offset one from the other.

20. The dispenser of claim 1 where the premix chamber has a cylindrical axis and the distal end of the first channel and the distal end of the second channel are in liquid communication with the premix chamber at respective locations spaced along said cylindrical axis.

21. A method of providing a longer lasting fragrance, the method comprising spraying the first and second composition using the dispenser of claim 1.