U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Early Release 3

Table A2. Energy consumption by sector and source

(quadrillion Btu per year, unless otherwise noted)

Sector and source

Reference case Annual

growth

2010-2035

2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 (percent)

Energy consumption

 Residential

 Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.51 0.56 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.51 -0.4%

 Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 -1.7%

 Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.60 0.63 0.55 0.48 0.43 0.38 0.35 -2.3%

 Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 1.14 1.22 1.08 1.01 0.95 0.91 0.87 -1.3%

 Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.90 5.06 4.99 4.95 4.88 4.84 4.76 -0.2%

 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -1.1%

 Renewable energy1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.1%

 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.66 4.95 4.79 5.02 5.30 5.63 5.94 0.7%

 Delivered energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 11.66 11.30 11.42 11.58 11.83 12.02 0.1%

 Electricity related losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.80 10.39 9.68 10.15 10.70 11.12 11.56 0.4%

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.93 22.05 20.98 21.56 22.28 22.95 23.58 0.3%

 Commercial

 Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.4%

 Motor gasoline2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.4%

 Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.7%

 Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.41 0.43 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32 -1.2%

 Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 -0.0%

 Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 0.68 0.72 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 -0.6%

 Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.20 3.29 3.41 3.48 3.50 3.58 3.65 0.4%

 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 -0.0%

 Renewable energy3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.0%

 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.46 4.54 4.63 4.93 5.23 5.57 5.89 1.0%

 Delivered energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.51 8.71 8.84 9.20 9.52 9.93 10.33 0.7%

 Electricity related losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.39 9.52 9.35 9.95 10.54 10.99 11.45 0.7%

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.90 18.22 18.19 19.15 20.06 20.92 21.78 0.7%

 Industrial4

 Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 2.00 1.88 2.12 2.20 2.21 2.20 0.4%

 Motor gasoline2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.24 0.25 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.6%

 Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 1.16 1.18 1.19 1.18 1.16 1.18 0.1%

 Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.11 0.12 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 -1.3%

 Petrochemical feedstocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 0.94 1.04 1.22 1.27 1.28 1.27 1.2%

 Other petroleum5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.57 3.59 3.46 3.30 3.20 3.19 3.25 -0.4%

 Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 7.93 8.05 7.92 8.20 8.22 8.21 8.26 0.1%

 Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.32 6.77 7.14 7.41 7.30 7.18 7.18 0.2%

 Natural-gas-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

 Lease and plant fuel6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.31 1.37 1.42 1.47 1.47 1.50 1.54 0.5%

 Natural gas subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.63 8.14 8.57 8.87 8.77 8.67 8.72 0.3%

 Metallurgical coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.45 0.42 -1.1%

 Other industrial coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.94 1.01 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 -0.2%

 Coal-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.36 0.48 0.60 - -

 Net coal coke imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 9.2%

 Coal subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.32 1.56 1.52 1.74 1.81 1.87 1.94 0.9%

 Biofuels heat and coproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.82 0.84 0.81 1.00 1.42 2.21 2.74 4.8%

 Renewable energy7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.37 1.50 1.56 1.68 1.78 1.85 1.94 1.0%

 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 3.28 3.42 3.59 3.56 3.49 3.41 0.2%

 Delivered energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.20 23.37 23.79 25.09 25.57 26.30 27.01 0.6%

 Electricity related losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.59 6.89 6.91 7.25 7.18 6.89 6.63 -0.2%

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.79 30.26 30.70 32.34 32.75 33.19 33.64 0.4%
4 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Early Release

Table A2. Energy consumption by sector and source (continued)

(quadrillion Btu per year, unless otherwise noted)

Sector and source

Reference case Annual

growth

2010-2035

2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 (percent)

 Transportation

 Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.7%

 E858 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.26 0.40 0.90 1.31 27.5%

 Motor gasoline2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.84 16.91 16.27 15.58 15.16 14.74 14.66 -0.6%

 Jet fuel9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.98 3.07 3.04 3.11 3.20 3.27 3.33 0.3%

 Distillate fuel oil10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.53 5.77 6.53 6.91 7.02 7.18 7.42 1.0%

 Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.81 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.2%

 Other petroleum11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.0%

 Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 26.36 26.88 26.96 27.00 26.92 27.24 27.90 0.1%

 Pipeline fuel natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.61 0.65 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.68 0.2%

 Compressed natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.16 5.7%

 Liquid hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 5.0%

 Delivered energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.03 27.59 27.73 27.81 27.75 28.11 28.82 0.2%

 Electricity related losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.15 4.7%

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.08 27.63 27.79 27.87 27.84 28.23 28.97 0.2%

 Delivered energy consumption for all 

sectors

 Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.68 2.75 2.57 2.81 2.90 2.92 2.91 0.2%

 E858 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.26 0.40 0.90 1.31 27.5%

 Motor gasoline2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.13 17.21 16.60 15.92 15.50 15.08 15.01 -0.5%

 Jet fuel9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.98 3.07 3.04 3.11 3.20 3.27 3.33 0.3%

 Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 -1.2%

 Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.65 7.99 8.61 8.92 8.95 9.05 9.27 0.6%

 Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.99 1.11 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 0.0%

 Petrochemical feedstocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 0.94 1.04 1.22 1.27 1.28 1.27 1.2%

 Other petroleum12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.72 3.76 3.62 3.47 3.37 3.36 3.42 -0.4%

 Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 36.10 36.87 36.58 36.83 36.72 36.98 37.66 0.1%

 Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.46 15.15 15.61 15.92 15.79 15.73 15.76 0.2%

 Natural-gas-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

 Lease and plant fuel6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.31 1.37 1.42 1.47 1.47 1.50 1.54 0.5%

 Pipeline natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.61 0.65 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.68 0.2%

 Natural gas subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.38 17.17 17.72 18.07 17.94 17.90 17.98 0.2%

 Metallurgical coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.45 0.42 -1.1%

 Other coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.01 1.08 1.05 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.03 -0.2%

 Coal-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.36 0.48 0.60 - -

 Net coal coke imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 9.2%

 Coal subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.39 1.62 1.58 1.81 1.87 1.93 2.00 0.8%

 Biofuels heat and coproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.82 0.84 0.81 1.00 1.42 2.21 2.74 4.8%

 Renewable energy13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.91 2.03 2.09 2.22 2.33 2.39 2.49 0.8%

 Liquid hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.27 12.79 12.88 13.58 14.13 14.75 15.32 0.7%

 Delivered energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.87 71.33 71.66 73.52 74.42 76.18 78.18 0.4%

 Electricity related losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.83 26.84 26.00 27.41 28.51 29.12 29.79 0.4%

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.70 98.16 97.66 100.93 102.93 105.29 107.97 0.4%

 Electric power14

 Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.3%

 Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.28 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.24 -0.7%

 Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 0.39 0.38 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.34 -0.4%

 Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.04 7.54 8.27 8.06 7.86 8.58 9.13 0.8%

 Steam coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.23 19.13 16.42 17.61 18.72 19.11 19.57 0.1%

 Nuclear / uranium15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.36 8.44 8.68 9.28 9.60 9.55 9.35 0.4%

 Renewable energy16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.77 3.85 4.89 5.44 5.87 6.04 6.48 2.1%

 Electricity imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.04 -3.0%

 Total17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.10 39.63 38.88 40.99 42.64 43.86 45.11 0.5%
U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Early Release 5

Table A2. Energy consumption by sector and source (continued)

(quadrillion Btu per year, unless otherwise noted)

Sector and source

Reference case Annual

growth

2010-2035

2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 (percent)

 Total energy consumption

 Liquefied petroleum gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.68 2.75 2.57 2.81 2.90 2.92 2.91 0.2%

 E858 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.26 0.40 0.90 1.31 27.5%

 Motor gasoline2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.13 17.21 16.60 15.92 15.50 15.08 15.01 -0.5%

 Jet fuel9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.98 3.07 3.04 3.11 3.20 3.27 3.33 0.3%

 Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 -1.2%

 Distillate fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.74 8.08 8.70 9.01 9.05 9.15 9.37 0.6%

 Residual fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.29 1.39 1.29 1.30 1.32 1.33 1.34 -0.1%

 Petrochemical feedstocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90 0.94 1.04 1.22 1.27 1.28 1.27 1.2%

 Other petroleum12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.72 3.76 3.62 3.47 3.37 3.36 3.42 -0.4%

 Liquid fuels and other petroleum subtotal . . 36.49 37.25 36.89 37.15 37.04 37.31 38.00 0.1%

 Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.50 22.69 23.88 23.98 23.65 24.32 24.89 0.4%

 Natural-gas-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

 Lease and plant fuel6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.31 1.37 1.42 1.47 1.47 1.50 1.54 0.5%

 Pipeline natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.61 0.65 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.68 0.2%

 Natural gas subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.42 24.71 25.99 26.13 25.80 26.49 27.11 0.4%

 Metallurgical coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.45 0.42 -1.1%

 Other coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.23 20.21 17.47 18.67 19.78 20.15 20.60 0.1%

 Coal-to-liquids heat and power . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.36 0.48 0.60 - -

 Net coal coke imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 9.2%

 Coal subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.62 20.76 18.01 19.42 20.60 21.04 21.57 0.2%

 Nuclear / uranium15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.36 8.44 8.68 9.28 9.60 9.55 9.35 0.4%

 Biofuels heat and coproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.82 0.84 0.81 1.00 1.42 2.21 2.74 4.8%

 Renewable energy18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.68 5.88 6.98 7.66 8.19 8.43 8.97 1.7%

 Liquid hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

 Electricity imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.04 -3.0%

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.70 98.16 97.66 100.93 102.93 105.29 107.97 0.4%

Energy use and related statistics

 Delivered energy use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.87 71.33 71.66 73.52 74.42 76.18 78.18 0.4%

 Total energy use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.70 98.16 97.66 100.93 102.93 105.29 107.97 0.4%

 Ethanol consumed in motor gasoline and E85 0.96 1.11 1.23 1.46 1.64 1.94 2.23 2.8%

 Population (millions) .................... 307.84 310.83 326.16 342.01 358.06 374.09 390.09 0.9%

 Gross domestic product (billion 2005 dollars) . 12703 13088 14870 16954 19176 21736 24639 2.6%

 Carbon dioxide emissions (million metric tons) 5424.8 5633.6 5433.7 5548.5 5617.5 5695.0 5806.1 0.1%

1

Includes wood used for residential heating. See Table A4 and/or Table A17 for estimates of nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps,

solar thermal water heating, and electricity generation from wind and solar photovoltaic sources. 2

Includes ethanol (blends of 10 percent or less) and ethers blended into gasoline.

3

Excludes ethanol. Includes commercial sector consumption of wood and wood waste, landfill gas, municipal waste, and other biomass for combined heat and power.

See Table A5 and/or Table A17 for estimates of nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for solar thermal water heating and electricity generation from wind and

solar photovoltaic sources. 4

Includes energy for combined heat and power plants, except those whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. 5

Includes petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, lubricants, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products.

6

Represents natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations, and in natural gas processing plant machinery.

7

Includes consumption of energy produced from hydroelectric, wood and wood waste, municipal waste, and other biomass sources. Excludes ethanol blends (10

percent or less) in motor gasoline. 8

E85 refers to a blend of 85 percent ethanol (renewable) and 15 percent motor gasoline (nonrenewable). To address cold starting issues, the percentage of ethanol

varies seasonally. The annual average ethanol content of 74 percent is used for this forecast. 9

Includes only kerosene type.

10Diesel fuel for on- and off- road use.

11Includes aviation gasoline and lubricants.

12Includes unfinished oils, natural gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, aviation gasoline, lubricants, still gas, asphalt, road oil, petroleum coke, and

miscellaneous petroleum products. 13Includes electricity generated for sale to the grid and for own use from renewable sources, and non-electric energy from renewable sources. Excludes ethanol and

nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, buildings photovoltaic systems, and solar thermal water heaters. 14Includes consumption of energy by electricity-only and combined heat and power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the

public. Includes small power producers and exempt wholesale generators. 15These values represent the energy obtained from uranium when it is used in light water reactors. The total energy content of uranium is much larger, but alternative

processes are required to take advantage of it. 16Includes conventional hydroelectric, geothermal, wood and wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, other biomass, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal sources.

Excludes net electricity imports. 17Includes non-biogenic municipal waste not included above.

18Includes conventional hydroelectric, geothermal, wood and wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, other biomass, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal sources.

Excludes ethanol, net electricity imports, and nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, buildings photovoltaic systems, and solar thermal

water heaters.

Btu = British thermal unit.

- - = Not applicable.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Data for 2009 and 2010 are model results and may differ slightly from official EIA

data reports.

Sources: 2009 and 2010 consumption based on: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Review 2010, DOE/EIA-0384(2010) (Washington,

DC, October 2011). 2009 and 2010 population and gross domestic product: IHS Global Insight Industry and Employment models, August 2011. 2009 and 2010 carbon

dioxide emissions: EIA, Monthly Energy Review, October 2011 DOE/EIA-0035(2011/10) (Washington, DC, October 2011). Projections: EIA, AEO2012 National

Energy Modeling System run REF2012.D121011B.