# Total Projected Emissions from New Fireplaces, 2016

Prepared for:

John Crouch

Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association

901 North Moore Street, Suite 600

Arlington, VA 22209

Prepared by:

James E. Houck and Jeremy R. Clark

OMNI Environmental Services, Inc.

13327 NE Airport Way

Portland, OR 97230

February 3, 2010

# Table of Contents

Section ....................................................................................................................... ....... Page

List of Tables ................................................................................................................ ....... ii

List of Figures ............................................................................................................... ....... iii

Introduction .................................................................................................................. .........1

Methodology ................................................................................................................... ......1

Results ....................................................................................................................... ............3

Summary Figures .................................................................................................................23

References .................................................................................................................... ........33

i

# List of Tables

Table ......................................................................................................................... ........ Page

Table 1. AHS National Data 1997-2007 ..............................................................................4

Table 2. AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 .......................................................................6

Table 3. Proportion of Wood and Gas Fireplaces ...............................................................21

Table 4. Multiple Ownership Factor ...................................................................................21

Table 5. References for “Never Used” Wood-Burning Fireplace

without Insert Use Category ..........................................................................................21

Table 6. Total Particulate Emissi ons for New Construction Houses

with Wood-Burning Fireplaces without Inserts Emitted in 2016 ..................................22

Table 7. Total Particulate Emissi ons for New Construction Houses

with Wood-Burning Fireplaces without Inserts Emitted in 2016,

Sensitivity Analysis, Gas-Fired Fireplace Proportion of New

Fireplaces Increased from 65.43% to 75% ....................................................................22

ii

# iii List of Figures

Figure ........................................................................................................................ ....... Page

Figure 1. Usable Fireplaces in Occupied Homes, 1997-2007 ............................................23

Figure 2. Usable Fireplaces, National and Metropolitan ....................................................24

Figure 3. U.S. Fireplaces without Inserts Used for Heating, 1997-2007 ............................25

Figure 4. Fireplaces without Inserts Used for Heating, National and Metropolitan ...........26

Figure 5. Percent of Completed New Single-Family Houses with Fireplaces ...................27

Figure 6. Number of Fireplaces in Co mpleted New Single-Family Houses ......................28

Figure 7. Proportion of Total Fireplaces w ithout Inserts That Are Wood-Fueled ..............29

Figure 8. Proportion of Total Fireplaces w ithout Inserts That Are Gas-Fueled .................30

Figure 9. Projected Annual Single-Family Housing Starts .................................................31

Figure 10. Fireplace Ownershi p in New Construction .......................................................32

Figure 11. Wood-Burning Fireplace Usage in New Construction ......................................32

# Introduction

OMNI Environmental Services (OMNI) was co ntracted by the Hearth, Patio and Barbecue

Association (HPBA) to project annual particulate emissions in 2016 from new solid fuel-burning

fireplaces five years after a ne w NSPS was in place. For the purposes of this calculation it was

assumed that the new NSPS would be completed during 2011 and the five-year sum of total new

solid fuel-burning fireplace constructi on in the years 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 were

taken into consideration. The use of both co rdwood and manufactured wa x-fiber firelogs was

taken into account. Projected values were calculated using th e emission factors of 5.1 g/Kg

(Phase 2, fireplace voluntary program) and 11.3 g/ Kg (baseline) for cordwood and a literature

value of 21.2 g/Kg for firelogs. Key data were obtained from American Housing Surveys, U.S.

Department of Energy Surveys, HPBA consumer use surveys, HPBA manufacturer shipment

records, various state, local and regional resi dential wood combustion surveys, and fireplace

related reports and publications th at are in the public domain. An outline of the calculations and

assumptions, a list of references, intermediary data, and final resu lts are provided here.

Methodology

• The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Housing Survey data for 2007 were used to determine

the percent of usable fireplaces in new constr uction homes (i.e. homes built within the past

four years).

• The average proportion of gas fireplaces in the United States was determined 99-103



# .

• It was assumed that the overwhelming majority of fireplace inserts are installed in older

homes.

• The average proportion of gas fireplaces was subt racted from the usable fireplaces in new

construction homes to yield the percent of us able wood fireplaces w ithout inserts in new

construction homes.

• The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Housing Survey data for 2007 were used to determine

the percent of fireplaces without inserts used for heating in new construction homes.

• The gas fireplace use preference factor (that is, a factor considering the higher use rate of

gas fireplaces than wood-burni ng fireplaces) was determined 110



# .

• The average proportion of gas fireplaces was mu ltiplied by the gas fireplace use preference

factor to determine the fraction of fireplaces in use that were gas. This value was then

subtracted from the percent of all fireplace s without inserts used for heating in new

construction homes to determin e the percent of w ood-burning fireplaces without inserts

used for heating in new construction homes.

• The percent of wood-burning firepl aces without inserts used fo r heating in new construction

homes was subtracted from the percent of us able wood fireplaces without inserts in new

construction homes to determine the percent of wood fireplaces without inserts either used

for aesthetics or not used in new construction homes.

1

# • The average fraction of wood fireplaces w ithout inserts that are never used was

determined 104-108,111-114



# .

• The average fraction of wood fireplaces withou t inserts that are never used was multiplied

by the percent of usable wood fireplaces w ithout inserts in new construction homes to

determine the percent of wood fireplaces without inserts th at are never used in new

construction homes.

• The percent of wood fireplaces without inserts that are neve r used in new construction

homes was subtracted from the percent of wood fireplaces without inse rts either used for

aesthetics or not used in new constructi on homes to determine the percent of wood

fireplaces without inserts th at are used for aesthetics in new construction homes.

• The U.S. Census Bureau Construction Reports 115 

# were used to determine the 1996-2005 predownturn ten-year average annual number of new single-family housing starts, the 2000-

2009 ten-year average annual number of new single family housing starts, and a projected

2011-2016 average annual number of new single -family housing starts based on the slope

of the curve from 1995-2005 and the number of new starts in 2009 (see Figure 1).

• Each of the three housing start projections was multiplied by the percent of wood fireplaces

without inserts used for heati ng, aesthetics, and not used, re spectively, in new construction

households to determine the annual number of new construction households with wood

fireplaces without inserts used for heating, used for aesthetics, and not used.

• Each of the above was multiplied by five year s to yield the number of households with

wood fireplaces without inserts used fo r heating constructed from 2011-2016, the number

of households with wood fireplaces without in serts used for aesthe tics constructed from

2011-2016, and the number of households with wood fireplaces without inserts that will be

unused constructed from 2011-2016.

• Each of the above was multiplied by a multip le ownership factor of 1.17 (references 108-

110) to yield the projected total number (including multiple ownership) of new

construction wood fireplaces without inserts used for heating, used for aesthetics, and not

used from 2011-2016.

• The total projected number of new construction wood fireplaces without inserts used for

heating was multiplied by the average annua l cordwood use in wood-burning fireplaces

without inserts used for heating 117 

# , by the average dry mass of cordwood 118 

# , and by the

relevant unit conversion factors to determ ine the projected annual mass of cordwood

burned for heating in wood-burning fireplaces without inserts in 2016.

• The total projected number of new construction wood fireplaces without inserts used for

aesthetics was multiplied by the fraction of hom es that normally use their fireplaces

without inserts fo r aesthetics and normally burn cordwood 110 

# , by the average annual

cordwood use in wood-burning fireplaces without inserts used for aesthetics 117 

# , by the

average dry mass of cordwood 118 

# , and by the relevant unit conversion factors to determine

the projected annual mass of cordwood burned for aesthetics in wood-burning fireplaces

without inserts in 2016.

2

# 3 • The total projected number of new construction wood fireplaces without inserts used for

aesthetics was multiplied by the fraction of hom es that normally use their fireplaces

without inserts fo r aesthetics and nor mally burn firelogs 110 

# , by the average annual number

of firelogs burned in each wood-burning firepl ace without an insert used for aesthetics 116



# , by the average dry weight of a firelog 116 

# , and by the relevant un it conversion factors to

determine the projected annual mass of firel ogs burned for aesthetics in wood-burning

fireplaces without inserts in 2016.

• The projected annual mass of cordwood burne d for heating in wood-burning fireplaces

without inserts in 2016 was multiplied by the Ph ase II emission factor of 5.1 g/Kg and by

the relevant unit conversion fact ors to determine the Phase II projected tons of particles

emitted by wood-burning fireplaces without inserts used for heating in 2016.

• The projected annual mass of cordwood burne d for heating in wood-burning fireplaces

without inserts in 2016 was multiplie d by the Baseline emission factor 132 

# of 11.3 g/Kg and

by the relevant unit conversion factors to determ ine the Baseline projected tons of particles

emitted by wood-burning fireplaces without inserts used for heating in 2016.

• The projected annual mass of cordwood burned for aesthetics in wood-burning fireplaces

without inserts in 2016 was multiplied by the Ph ase II emission factor of 5.1 g/Kg and by

the relevant unit conversion fact ors to determine the Phase II projected tons of particles

emitted by wood-burning fireplaces without in serts burning cordwood for aesthetics in

2016.

• The projected annual mass of cordwood burned for aesthetics in wood-burning fireplaces

without inserts in 2016 was multiplie d by the Baseline emission factor 132 

# of 11.3 g/Kg and

by the relevant unit conversion factors to determ ine the Baseline projected tons of particles

emitted by wood-burning fireplaces without in serts burning cordwood for aesthetics in

2016.

• It was assumed that the overwhelming ma jority of firelog use is aesthetic.

• The projected annual mass of firelogs burne d for aesthetics in w ood-burning fireplaces

without inserts in 2016 was multiplied by a wax-fiber firelog emission factor 119 

# of 21.2

g/Kg and by the relevant unit conversion factors to determine the projected tons of particles

emitted by wood-burning fireplaces without inse rts burning firelogs for aesthetics in 2016.

• All of the above calculations we re repeated using 75% rather than 65.43% for the gas-fired

fireplace proportion of new fireplaces.

Results

Detailed results of OMNI’s analysis are presented in Tables 1 through 7.4Table 1. AHS National Data 1997-2007YearCharacteristicTotalFireplace with InsertFireplace without InsertUsableFireplace% Fireplace with Insert% Fireplace without Insert%UsableFireplaceMainOtherParallelSupplem.MainOtherParallelSupplem.MainOtherParallelSupplem.MainOtherParallelSupplem.1997TOHU99,4871433,9463722,863823,7494183,31731,8250.14%3.97%0.37%2.88%0.08%3.77%0.42%3.33%31.99%NC5,848242718325-379223582,9210.03%7.30%0.31%5.56%0.00%6.48%0.38%6.12%49.95%Urban71,317322,0191711,410422,5442742,25622,1270.04%2.83%0.24%1.98%0.06%3.57%0.38%3.16%31.03%Rural28,1701111,9282021,453401,2051441,0619,6980.39%6.84%0.72%5.16%0.14%4.28%0.51%3.77%34.43%NE19,48411409383182330412865,0150.06%2.10%0.20%1.63%0.01%1.69%0.21%1.47%25.74%MW23,95119736715555570355356,6040.08%3.07%0.30%2.32%0.02%2.38%0.15%2.23%27.57%S34,808581,5611201,157321,5201791,33610,9830.17%4.48%0.34%3.32%0.09%4.37%0.51%3.84%31.55%W21,245541,240142834431,3281631,1609,2230.25%5.84%0.67%3.93%0.20%6.25%0.77%5.46%43.41%1999TOHU102,8031384,3215642,928733,7534903,22833,2690.13%4.20%0.55%2.85%0.07%3.65%0.48%3.14%32.36%NC5,88116415233315402283712,8120.27%7.06%0.39%5.63%0.09%6.84%0.48%6.31%47.81%Urban73,259372,2252951,414312,5352992,21622,8630.05%3.04%0.40%1.93%0.04%3.46%0.41%3.02%31.21%Rural29,5441012,0962701,514421,2181921,01210,4060.34%7.09%0.91%5.12%0.14%4.12%0.65%3.43%35.22%NE19,9581041857292-322352875,0360.05%2.09%0.29%1.46%0.00%1.61%0.18%1.44%25.23%MW24,36019844856333522634556,9090.08%3.46%0.35%2.60%0.01%2.14%0.26%1.87%28.36%S36,389531,6212111,156371,5991811,39611,6520.15%4.45%0.58%3.18%0.10%4.39%0.50%3.84%32.02%W22,096571,437211848321,3112121,0899,6720.26%6.50%0.95%3.84%0.14%5.93%0.96%4.93%43.77%2001TOHU106,2611454,9377264,193644,0554443,59035,0970.14%4.65%0.68%3.95%0.06%3.82%0.42%3.38%33.03%NC5,8531145725432233973322,8300.19%7.81%0.43%7.38%0.03%5.79%0.12%5.67%48.35%Urban79,146612,8403952,430332,9852852,69025,8180.08%3.59%0.50%3.07%0.04%3.77%0.36%3.40%32.62%Rural27,115842,0973321,763311,0711599009,2780.31%7.73%1.22%6.50%0.11%3.95%0.59%3.32%34.22%NE20,32112517724402367463215,3490.06%2.54%0.35%2.17%0.01%1.81%0.23%1.58%26.32%MW24,758158681127553622475737,2660.06%3.51%0.45%3.05%0.01%2.51%0.19%2.31%29.35%S38,068411,9872461,734301,6291631,46312,2380.11%5.22%0.65%4.56%0.08%4.28%0.43%3.84%32.15%W23,115771,5652951,264301,4371881,23310,2440.33%6.77%1.28%5.47%0.13%6.22%0.81%5.33%44.32%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total occupied housing units. NC = New construction (≤4 yrs). NE = Northeast, MW = Midwest, S = South, and W = Westcensus regions. – indicates zero or rounds to zero. Blank regions indicate no data collected.5Table 1. AHS National Data 1997-2007 (cont.)YearCharacteristicTotalFireplace with InsertFireplace without InsertUsableFireplace% Fireplace with Insert% Fireplace without Insert%UsableFireplaceMainOtherParallelSupplem.MainOtherParallelSupplem.MainOtherParallelSupplem.MainOtherParallelSupplem.2003TOHU105,8421394,6466793,943523,8505103,32035,4580.13%4.39%0.64%3.73%0.05%3.64%0.48%3.14%33.50%NC5,691-408213882358163402,7730.00%7.17%0.37%6.82%0.04%6.29%0.28%5.97%48.73%Urban78,369492,5503902,144262,6583292,31125,7870.06%3.25%0.50%2.74%0.03%3.39%0.42%2.95%32.90%Rural27,474892,0962891,799261,1921811,0099,6720.32%7.63%1.05%6.55%0.09%4.34%0.66%3.67%35.20%NE20,1339485823981364403215,1470.04%2.41%0.41%1.98%0.00%1.81%0.20%1.59%25.56%MW24,488258421107275597655287,4130.10%3.44%0.45%2.97%0.02%2.44%0.27%2.16%30.27%S38,145431,9232351,681241,5971681,42112,6420.11%5.04%0.62%4.41%0.06%4.19%0.44%3.73%33.14%W23,077621,3962521,137221,2922361,05010,2560.27%6.05%1.09%4.93%0.10%5.60%1.02%4.55%44.44%2005TOHU108,8711315,0066554,323594,4953914,08037,8040.12%4.60%0.60%3.97%0.05%4.13%0.36%3.75%34.72%NC5,9443521384803462184393,0130.05%8.77%0.64%8.08%0.05%7.77%0.30%7.39%50.69%Urban81,258372,8753992,450233,2592512,99627,8130.05%3.54%0.49%3.02%0.03%4.01%0.31%3.69%34.23%Rural27,613932,1312561,873361,2361401,0859,9910.34%7.72%0.93%6.78%0.13%4.48%0.51%3.93%36.18%NE20,337145647448610403303715,4720.07%2.77%0.36%2.39%0.05%1.98%0.15%1.82%26.91%MW24,9552293399829-718706437,9250.09%3.74%0.40%3.32%0.00%2.88%0.28%2.58%31.76%S39,722471,9012201,673221,8341331,68613,7050.12%4.79%0.55%4.21%0.06%4.62%0.33%4.24%34.50%W23,858471,6072631,334271,5411571,38110,7020.20%6.74%1.10%5.59%0.11%6.46%0.66%5.79%44.86%2007TOHU110,6921654,755515,30838,1890.15%4.30%0.05%4.80%34.50%NC5,7478510-4432,9200.14%8.87%0.00%7.71%50.81%Urban82,736582,660133,74427,9880.07%3.22%0.02%4.53%33.83%Rural27,9561072,095381,56410,2000.38%7.49%0.14%5.59%36.49%NE20,39216606105695,5430.08%2.97%0.05%2.79%27.18%MW25,2922693937637,9180.10%3.71%0.01%3.02%31.31%S40,609521,756212,14713,8880.13%4.32%0.05%5.29%34.20%W24,400711,454181,82910,8400.29%5.96%0.07%7.50%44.43%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total occupied housing units. NC = New construction (≤4 yrs). NE = Northeast, MW = Midwest, S = South, and W = Westcensus regions. – indicates zero or rounds to zero. Blank regions indicate no data collected.Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007CityYearCharacteristicTotalFireplace with InsertFireplace without InsertUsableFireplace% Fireplace with Insert% Fireplace without Insert%UsableFireplaceMainOtherParallelSupplem.MainOtherParallelSupplem.MainOtherParallelSupplem.MainOtherParallelSupplem.

Anaheim-Santa Anna, CA1994TOHU851.50.519.92.0197.4488.50.06%2.34%0.23%23.18%57.37%NC44.00.00.50.019.831.40.00%1.14%0.00%45.00%71.36%SA185.00.02.60.09.938.90.00%3.06%0.00%11.65%45.76%SA269.60.05.60.07.626.10.00%8.05%0.00%10.92%37.50%SA353.70.00.90.07.229.50.00%1.68%0.00%13.41%54.93%2002TOHU937.50.032.113.119.10.854.18.545.4531.60.00%3.42%1.40%2.04%0.09%5.77%0.91%4.84%56.70%NC38.10.03.21.51.70.01.90.01.929.50.00%8.40%3.94%4.46%0.00%4.99%0.00%4.99%77.43%SA186.60.01.20.30.90.05.00.84.237.40.00%1.39%0.35%1.04%0.00%5.77%0.92%4.85%43.19%SA276.90.01.50.31.10.01.50.31.221.60.00%1.95%0.39%1.43%0.00%1.95%0.39%1.56%28.09%SA357.10.01.20.01.20.03.00.62.428.70.00%2.10%0.00%2.10%0.00%5.25%1.05%4.20%50.26%

Atlanta, GA1996TOHU1306.32.953.42.3280.0686.70.22%4.09%0.18%21.43%52.57%NC135.60.07.30.059.4112.70.00%5.38%0.00%43.81%83.11%SA1157.40.00.40.45.746.50.00%0.25%0.25%3.62%29.54%SA2219.40.35.40.310.495.10.14%2.46%0.14%4.74%43.35%SA3205.20.07.80.071.3123.70.00%3.80%0.00%34.75%60.28%2004TOHU1595.81.282.713.365.30.9118.410.2108.2924.20.08%5.18%0.83%4.09%0.06%7.42%0.64%6.78%57.91%NC186.20.011.51.79.80.021.11.120.0142.00.00%6.18%0.91%5.26%0.00%11.33%0.59%10.74%76.26%SA1163.50.05.12.13.00.04.21.23.043.60.00%3.12%1.28%1.83%0.00%2.57%0.73%1.83%26.67%SA2253.90.48.92.26.70.015.03.012.0111.80.16%3.51%0.87%2.64%0.00%5.91%1.18%4.73%44.03%SA3231.90.08.81.27.60.013.81.612.2157.40.00%3.79%0.52%3.28%0.00%5.95%0.69%5.26%67.87%

Baltimore, MD1998TOHU920.10.039.94.729.10.024.53.321.2291.30.00%4.34%0.51%3.16%0.00%2.66%0.36%2.30%31.66%NC45.60.05.30.33.80.03.10.03.125.90.00%11.62%0.66%8.33%0.00%6.80%0.00%6.80%56.80%SA1229.50.00.70.70.00.01.50.01.521.90.00%0.31%0.31%0.00%0.00%0.65%0.00%0.65%9.54%SA2284.60.010.81.57.30.05.51.04.584.40.00%3.79%0.53%2.57%0.00%1.93%0.35%1.58%29.66%SA3172.20.011.10.58.20.07.80.77.175.30.00%6.45%0.29%4.76%0.00%4.53%0.41%4.12%43.73%2007TOHU1012.30.064.50.047.9368.00.00%6.37%0.00%4.73%36.35%NC26.70.04.10.03.517.40.00%15.36%0.00%13.11%65.17%SA1241.40.03.50.04.131.10.00%1.45%0.00%1.70%12.88%SA2310.00.014.70.015.0108.10.00%4.74%0.00%4.84%34.87%SA3190.80.013.00.015.589.90.00%6.81%0.00%8.12%47.12%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.67Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Birmingham, AL1998TOHU358.80.219.51.314.80.321.63.618.0149.40.06%5.43%0.36%4.12%0.08%6.02%1.00%5.02%41.64%NC25.80.23.10.22.60.02.20.22.018.60.78%12.02%0.78%10.08%0.00%8.53%0.78%7.75%72.09%SA1100.90.02.90.22.30.05.92.33.624.60.00%2.87%0.20%2.28%0.00%5.85%2.28%3.57%24.38%SA2165.80.28.90.76.50.211.60.910.775.00.12%5.37%0.42%3.92%0.12%7.00%0.54%6.45%45.24%SA352.00.04.70.23.80.12.40.12.434.50.00%9.04%0.38%7.31%0.19%4.62%0.19%4.62%66.35%

Boston, MA1998TOHU1264.20.719.81.813.70.024.22.521.4440.10.06%1.57%0.14%1.08%0.00%1.91%0.20%1.69%34.81%NC30.30.01.40.01.40.01.10.00.720.00.00%4.62%0.00%4.62%0.00%3.63%0.00%2.31%66.01%SA1228.30.00.70.00.70.01.20.01.227.20.00%0.31%0.00%0.31%0.00%0.53%0.00%0.53%11.91%SA237.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.04.50.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%12.06%SA332.40.00.40.00.40.00.00.00.03.90.00%1.23%0.00%1.23%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%12.04%2007TOHU1057.10.623.10.030.1394.80.06%2.19%0.00%2.85%37.35%NC14.10.02.20.00.06.10.00%15.60%0.00%0.00%43.26%SA1227.20.01.30.05.231.10.00%0.57%0.00%2.29%13.69%SA235.00.00.00.00.55.40.00%0.00%0.00%1.43%15.43%SA340.00.00.00.00.09.80.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%24.50%

Buffalo, NY1994TOHU458.80.617.80.332.3105.90.13%3.88%0.07%7.04%23.08%NC14.10.01.80.01.68.30.00%12.77%0.00%11.35%58.87%SA1130.20.01.10.01.69.40.00%0.84%0.00%1.23%7.22%SA2243.30.312.70.322.575.00.12%5.22%0.12%9.25%30.83%SA326.10.00.50.03.04.20.00%1.92%0.00%11.49%16.09%2002TOHU461.30.017.32.414.90.09.20.88.0124.30.00%3.75%0.52%3.23%0.00%1.99%0.17%1.73%26.95%NC10.00.01.90.01.90.00.40.00.45.40.00%19.00%0.00%19.00%0.00%4.00%0.00%4.00%54.00%SA1119.00.00.60.00.60.01.00.00.89.90.00%0.50%0.00%0.50%0.00%0.84%0.00%0.67%8.32%SA2256.60.013.21.511.70.06.30.45.890.00.00%5.14%0.58%4.56%0.00%2.46%0.16%2.26%35.07%SA324.40.00.70.50.20.00.50.20.33.50.00%2.87%2.05%0.82%0.00%2.05%0.82%1.23%14.34%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.8Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Charlotte, NC-SC1995TOHU503.12.542.00.6102.8235.30.50%8.35%0.12%20.43%46.77%NC45.30.25.70.015.028.40.44%12.58%0.00%33.11%62.69%SA1228.80.519.50.363.1122.00.22%8.52%0.13%27.58%53.32%SA267.10.44.20.011.623.60.60%6.26%0.00%17.29%35.17%SA353.30.13.60.03.422.70.19%6.75%0.00%6.38%42.59%2002TOHU539.71.143.96.437.40.033.11.831.2302.80.20%8.13%1.19%6.93%0.00%6.13%0.33%5.78%56.11%NC70.90.08.90.78.00.05.70.05.746.30.00%12.55%0.99%11.28%0.00%8.04%0.00%8.04%65.30%SA1280.00.013.82.611.10.018.90.918.1160.60.00%4.93%0.93%3.96%0.00%6.75%0.32%6.46%57.36%SA271.70.14.11.32.80.03.40.33.024.90.14%5.72%1.81%3.91%0.00%4.74%0.42%4.18%34.73%SA364.90.27.40.66.80.03.20.03.230.70.31%11.40%0.92%10.48%0.00%4.93%0.00%4.93%47.30%

Chicago, IL1995TOHU2789.30.062.96.4192.3717.70.00%2.26%0.23%6.89%25.73%NC122.90.05.22.322.975.60.00%4.23%1.87%18.63%61.51%SA11013.60.05.90.011.172.70.00%0.58%0.00%1.10%7.17%SA2898.70.017.60.065.4262.80.00%1.96%0.00%7.28%29.24%SA3302.60.012.54.442.4149.40.00%4.13%1.45%14.01%49.37%1999TOHU2847.90.033.24.222.51.261.22.156.7757.80.00%1.17%0.15%0.79%0.04%2.15%0.07%1.99%26.61%NC112.70.01.10.01.10.06.30.06.363.20.00%0.98%0.00%0.98%0.00%5.59%0.00%5.59%56.08%SA1969.00.03.31.22.11.214.71.113.673.00.00%0.34%0.12%0.22%0.12%1.52%0.11%1.40%7.53%SA2936.50.011.00.08.90.017.30.017.3258.80.00%1.17%0.00%0.95%0.00%1.85%0.00%1.85%27.63%SA3321.30.05.31.01.10.010.30.08.9159.00.00%1.65%0.31%0.34%0.00%3.21%0.00%2.77%49.49%2003TOHU2933.30.025.64.121.50.053.55.647.9825.00.00%0.87%0.14%0.73%0.00%1.82%0.19%1.63%28.13%NC129.40.00.00.00.00.05.30.05.366.40.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%4.10%0.00%4.10%51.31%SA1937.80.01.10.01.10.09.02.36.666.50.00%0.12%0.00%0.12%0.00%0.96%0.25%0.70%7.09%SA2978.70.07.32.05.30.017.72.215.5299.40.00%0.75%0.20%0.54%0.00%1.81%0.22%1.58%30.59%SA3322.00.03.40.03.40.014.40.014.4162.40.00%1.06%0.00%1.06%0.00%4.47%0.00%4.47%50.43%

Cincinnati, OH1998TOHU592.40.120.13.014.10.015.31.413.6223.20.02%3.39%0.51%2.38%0.00%2.58%0.24%2.30%37.68%NC28.10.01.70.31.50.01.30.11.217.70.00%6.05%1.07%5.34%0.00%4.63%0.36%4.27%62.99%SA1142.40.01.10.10.60.00.70.00.729.90.00%0.77%0.07%0.42%0.00%0.49%0.00%0.49%21.00%SA2198.10.06.21.24.40.06.10.65.587.50.00%3.13%0.61%2.22%0.00%3.08%0.30%2.78%44.17%SA356.00.01.00.10.60.01.60.01.420.30.00%1.79%0.18%1.07%0.00%2.86%0.00%2.50%36.25%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.9Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Cleveland, OH1996TOHU772.30.220.00.044.2221.30.03%2.59%0.00%5.72%28.65%NC21.90.02.30.04.115.50.00%10.50%0.00%18.72%70.78%SA1191.10.00.20.01.515.50.00%0.10%0.00%0.78%8.11%SA2373.50.29.30.025.0134.10.05%2.49%0.00%6.69%35.90%SA382.20.04.70.06.826.00.00%5.72%0.00%8.27%31.63%2004TOHU769.30.229.24.025.30.624.42.222.2261.20.03%3.80%0.52%3.29%0.08%3.17%0.29%2.89%33.95%NC19.70.01.60.21.40.21.00.20.811.40.00%8.12%1.02%7.11%1.02%5.08%1.02%4.06%57.87%SA1173.70.01.90.01.90.02.10.71.417.20.00%1.09%0.00%1.09%0.00%1.21%0.40%0.81%9.90%SA2373.80.213.32.510.80.612.41.111.3155.00.05%3.56%0.67%2.89%0.16%3.32%0.29%3.02%41.47%SA382.10.04.10.43.70.03.00.03.028.00.00%4.99%0.49%4.51%0.00%3.65%0.00%3.65%34.10%

Columbus, OH1995TOHU556.20.519.31.171.3199.20.09%3.47%0.20%12.82%35.81%NC43.60.01.70.27.724.20.00%3.90%0.46%17.66%55.50%SA1267.80.26.30.531.475.80.07%2.35%0.19%11.73%28.30%SA2134.90.25.90.027.569.90.15%4.37%0.00%20.39%51.82%SA351.00.11.80.32.314.30.20%3.53%0.59%4.51%28.04%2002TOHU613.20.020.31.818.30.023.41.521.9231.50.00%3.31%0.29%2.98%0.00%3.82%0.24%3.57%37.75%NC49.10.02.30.02.30.04.60.24.427.90.00%4.68%0.00%4.68%0.00%9.37%0.41%8.96%56.82%SA1295.10.05.80.35.30.08.90.38.683.40.00%1.97%0.10%1.80%0.00%3.02%0.10%2.91%28.26%SA2145.80.03.80.03.80.06.70.56.276.90.00%2.61%0.00%2.61%0.00%4.60%0.34%4.25%52.74%SA355.50.02.40.32.10.01.70.01.716.10.00%4.32%0.54%3.78%0.00%3.06%0.00%3.06%29.01%

Dallas, TX1994TOHU1041.10.622.74.3235.6559.90.06%2.18%0.41%22.63%53.78%NC86.20.03.20.326.565.80.00%3.71%0.35%30.74%76.33%SA1395.50.04.71.063.7166.60.00%1.19%0.25%16.11%42.12%SA2351.60.06.41.880.7199.10.00%1.82%0.51%22.95%56.63%SA3113.70.33.40.030.783.20.26%2.99%0.00%27.00%73.18%2002TOHU1235.30.052.06.145.90.0108.55.5102.1724.60.00%4.21%0.49%3.72%0.00%8.78%0.45%8.27%58.66%NC118.90.06.20.95.30.012.20.311.691.10.00%5.21%0.76%4.46%0.00%10.26%0.25%9.76%76.62%SA1453.20.015.42.712.60.031.03.027.7192.00.00%3.40%0.60%2.78%0.00%6.84%0.66%6.11%42.37%SA2337.90.016.41.215.20.042.41.440.4208.40.00%4.85%0.36%4.50%0.00%12.55%0.41%11.96%61.68%SA3200.60.05.40.64.80.019.30.818.5162.90.00%2.69%0.30%2.39%0.00%9.62%0.40%9.22%81.21%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.10Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Denver, CO1995TOHU725.71.057.24.9179.2374.80.14%7.88%0.68%24.69%51.65%NC42.10.210.51.016.534.60.48%24.94%2.38%39.19%82.19%SA1227.70.06.60.240.982.30.00%2.90%0.09%17.96%36.14%SA2184.10.218.90.260.4107.50.11%10.27%0.11%32.81%58.39%SA3169.00.412.83.345.6113.20.24%7.57%1.95%26.98%66.98%2004TOHU855.70.071.76.265.00.256.13.452.5472.20.00%8.38%0.72%7.60%0.02%6.56%0.40%6.14%55.18%NC74.40.011.30.910.40.07.70.27.552.70.00%15.19%1.21%13.98%0.00%10.35%0.27%10.08%70.83%SA1229.80.07.51.75.50.07.70.57.283.30.00%3.26%0.74%2.39%0.00%3.35%0.22%3.13%36.25%SA2204.60.022.31.620.60.015.70.715.1127.70.00%10.90%0.78%10.07%0.00%7.67%0.34%7.38%62.41%SA3199.80.015.72.213.50.012.00.411.6128.60.00%7.86%1.10%6.76%0.00%6.01%0.20%5.81%64.36%

Detroit, MI1995TOHU1681.12.060.83.1149.8554.50.12%3.62%0.18%8.91%32.98%NC73.70.07.80.08.240.70.00%10.58%0.00%11.13%55.22%SA1339.00.01.91.06.175.40.00%0.56%0.29%1.80%22.24%SA2416.60.09.00.029.1112.50.00%2.16%0.00%6.99%27.00%SA3458.51.028.51.055.9199.10.22%6.22%0.22%12.19%43.42%1999TOHU1741.50.053.23.143.60.046.24.241.1610.10.00%3.05%0.18%2.50%0.00%2.65%0.24%2.36%35.03%NC70.60.06.30.05.00.01.30.01.352.90.00%8.92%0.00%7.08%0.00%1.84%0.00%1.84%74.93%SA1331.70.04.21.13.10.05.50.05.579.10.00%1.27%0.33%0.93%0.00%1.66%0.00%1.66%23.85%SA2438.50.07.51.14.40.04.10.04.1129.30.00%1.71%0.25%1.00%0.00%0.94%0.00%0.94%29.49%SA3464.30.018.21.013.80.024.83.120.7208.90.00%3.92%0.22%2.97%0.00%5.34%0.67%4.46%44.99%2003TOHU1731.50.646.04.341.70.046.88.738.1608.20.03%2.66%0.25%2.41%0.00%2.70%0.50%2.20%35.13%NC61.00.05.40.05.40.01.30.01.340.10.00%8.85%0.00%8.85%0.00%2.13%0.00%2.13%65.74%SA1304.90.03.10.03.10.03.20.03.261.20.00%1.02%0.00%1.02%0.00%1.05%0.00%1.05%20.07%SA2431.20.011.62.39.30.011.52.19.4138.20.00%2.69%0.53%2.16%0.00%2.67%0.49%2.18%32.05%SA3477.80.010.31.09.30.014.52.012.4206.60.00%2.16%0.21%1.95%0.00%3.03%0.42%2.60%43.24%

Ft. Worth-Arlington, TX1994TOHU501.40.516.11.967.1272.70.10%3.21%0.38%13.38%54.39%NC34.70.21.40.28.128.70.58%4.03%0.58%23.34%82.71%SA1174.40.13.10.215.074.10.06%1.78%0.11%8.60%42.49%SA250.50.20.20.03.624.90.40%0.40%0.00%7.13%49.31%SA3237.50.19.31.745.9155.80.04%3.92%0.72%19.33%65.60%2002TOHU585.90.020.71.219.30.736.22.433.6319.50.00%3.53%0.20%3.29%0.12%6.18%0.41%5.73%54.53%NC49.50.02.90.22.70.04.70.24.336.90.00%5.86%0.40%5.45%0.00%9.49%0.40%8.69%74.55%SA1190.40.04.10.33.70.210.11.28.978.10.00%2.15%0.16%1.94%0.11%5.30%0.63%4.67%41.02%SA270.30.03.30.03.10.04.20.33.839.60.00%4.69%0.00%4.41%0.00%5.97%0.43%5.41%56.33%SA3281.50.011.00.710.30.019.20.918.3184.20.00%3.91%0.25%3.66%0.00%6.82%0.32%6.50%65.44%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.11Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Hartford, CT1996TOHU440.00.57.90.147.6192.70.11%1.80%0.02%10.82%43.80%NC14.50.00.60.02.98.40.00%4.14%0.00%20.00%57.93%SA144.80.00.00.00.25.60.00%0.00%0.00%0.45%12.50%SA228.10.00.00.00.75.80.00%0.00%0.00%2.49%20.64%SA323.70.00.60.01.47.30.00%2.53%0.00%5.91%30.80%2004TOHU463.00.113.30.912.10.013.41.112.3209.70.02%2.87%0.19%2.61%0.00%2.89%0.24%2.66%45.29%NC13.70.00.70.00.70.01.30.31.19.90.00%5.11%0.00%5.11%0.00%9.49%2.19%8.03%72.26%SA143.90.00.30.00.10.00.40.00.44.50.00%0.68%0.00%0.23%0.00%0.91%0.00%0.91%10.25%SA224.60.00.30.00.30.00.30.00.34.80.00%1.22%0.00%1.22%0.00%1.22%0.00%1.22%19.51%SA322.70.00.50.00.50.00.30.00.38.40.00%2.20%0.00%2.20%0.00%1.32%0.00%1.32%37.00%

Houston, TX1998TOHU1386.40.038.42.618.00.686.74.681.8611.80.00%2.77%0.19%1.30%0.04%6.25%0.33%5.90%44.13%NC88.00.04.40.42.90.06.80.06.860.00.00%5.00%0.45%3.30%0.00%7.73%0.00%7.73%68.18%SA1642.80.08.41.23.20.025.72.522.9173.70.00%1.31%0.19%0.50%0.00%4.00%0.39%3.56%27.02%SA2514.50.016.71.48.10.043.11.741.3306.00.00%3.25%0.27%1.57%0.00%8.38%0.33%8.03%59.48%SA3105.80.07.00.02.50.68.10.08.179.50.00%6.62%0.00%2.36%0.57%7.66%0.00%7.66%75.14%2007TOHU1872.00.932.10.0116.9812.90.05%1.71%0.00%6.24%43.42%NC153.70.03.70.013.073.20.00%2.41%0.00%8.46%47.63%SA1707.40.910.70.027.6193.40.13%1.51%0.00%3.90%27.34%SA2643.60.09.30.052.1367.20.00%1.44%0.00%8.10%57.05%SA3120.60.01.20.06.985.10.00%1.00%0.00%5.72%70.56%

Indianapolis, IN1996TOHU592.00.822.00.752.2218.20.14%3.72%0.12%8.82%36.86%NC43.50.03.20.47.727.80.00%7.36%0.92%17.70%63.91%SA1289.60.45.20.319.287.40.14%1.80%0.10%6.63%30.18%SA256.00.03.80.110.536.50.00%6.79%0.18%18.75%65.18%SA337.00.02.80.05.413.00.00%7.57%0.00%14.59%35.14%2004TOHU657.60.022.31.520.70.222.71.420.8276.00.00%3.39%0.23%3.15%0.03%3.45%0.21%3.16%41.97%NC63.00.02.40.42.10.04.00.04.036.00.00%3.81%0.63%3.33%0.00%6.35%0.00%6.35%57.14%SA1257.90.06.30.85.50.06.50.95.577.60.00%2.44%0.31%2.13%0.00%2.52%0.35%2.13%30.09%SA283.70.02.90.22.70.01.40.01.256.50.00%3.46%0.24%3.23%0.00%1.67%0.00%1.43%67.50%SA342.20.02.30.02.30.01.60.01.619.00.00%5.45%0.00%5.45%0.00%3.79%0.00%3.79%45.02%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.12Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Kansas City, MO1995TOHU659.11.334.71.790.2304.90.20%5.26%0.26%13.69%46.26%NC36.70.14.80.412.130.80.27%13.08%1.09%32.97%83.92%SA1176.70.04.50.218.667.40.00%2.55%0.11%10.53%38.14%SA259.20.21.50.03.413.20.34%2.53%0.00%5.74%22.30%SA3128.90.27.00.012.457.00.16%5.43%0.00%9.62%44.22%2002TOHU697.40.432.53.129.40.026.72.424.3330.90.06%4.66%0.44%4.22%0.00%3.83%0.34%3.48%47.45%NC51.00.03.90.23.70.02.30.22.135.10.00%7.65%0.39%7.25%0.00%4.51%0.39%4.12%68.82%SA1177.10.08.50.48.20.09.00.98.166.60.00%4.80%0.23%4.63%0.00%5.08%0.51%4.57%37.61%SA251.90.00.70.00.70.00.60.00.610.30.00%1.35%0.00%1.35%0.00%1.16%0.00%1.16%19.85%SA3138.00.07.90.77.10.03.70.53.261.90.00%5.72%0.51%5.14%0.00%2.68%0.36%2.32%44.86%

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA1995TOHU2947.512.366.512.3201.41089.90.42%2.26%0.42%6.83%36.98%NC50.00.06.30.03.023.90.00%12.60%0.00%6.00%47.80%SA11145.45.117.07.268.6367.70.45%1.48%0.63%5.99%32.10%SA2158.90.03.20.07.235.10.00%2.01%0.00%4.53%22.09%SA31643.27.246.35.1125.5687.10.44%2.82%0.31%7.64%41.81%1999TOHU3062.04.281.514.733.02.2184.230.1153.01121.30.14%2.66%0.48%1.08%0.07%6.02%0.98%5.00%36.62%NC48.70.03.50.02.20.03.60.03.626.40.00%7.19%0.00%4.52%0.00%7.39%0.00%7.39%54.21%SA11099.02.120.42.110.82.055.98.747.1339.30.19%1.86%0.19%0.98%0.18%5.09%0.79%4.29%30.87%SA2174.20.06.61.12.10.08.22.16.142.50.00%3.79%0.63%1.21%0.00%4.71%1.21%3.50%24.40%SA31788.72.254.611.520.00.2120.119.399.7739.40.12%3.05%0.64%1.12%0.01%6.71%1.08%5.57%41.34%2003TOHU3131.06.468.519.947.62.3170.930.3139.61121.50.20%2.19%0.64%1.52%0.07%5.46%0.97%4.46%35.82%NC60.40.00.00.00.00.07.52.74.841.40.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%12.42%4.47%7.95%68.54%SA11123.24.123.95.317.60.059.611.946.8335.60.37%2.13%0.47%1.57%0.00%5.31%1.06%4.17%29.88%SA2166.90.00.90.00.90.03.01.12.038.70.00%0.54%0.00%0.54%0.00%1.80%0.66%1.20%23.19%SA31840.92.243.614.629.12.3108.217.490.9747.20.12%2.37%0.79%1.58%0.12%5.88%0.95%4.94%40.59%

Memphis, TN1996TOHU401.51.021.50.260.8160.20.25%5.35%0.05%15.14%39.90%NC30.00.02.50.011.423.00.00%8.33%0.00%38.00%76.67%SA1221.70.35.80.018.753.50.14%2.62%0.00%8.43%24.13%SA2106.60.38.70.229.481.30.28%8.16%0.19%27.58%76.27%SA329.60.04.20.08.814.50.00%14.19%0.00%29.73%48.99%2004TOHU430.80.024.14.019.80.640.12.237.6194.70.00%5.59%0.93%4.60%0.14%9.31%0.51%8.73%45.19%NC29.60.02.20.41.80.05.10.15.019.80.00%7.43%1.35%6.08%0.00%17.23%0.34%16.89%66.89%SA1200.00.05.61.14.40.210.70.410.349.80.00%2.80%0.55%2.20%0.10%5.35%0.20%5.15%24.90%SA2138.40.010.21.68.50.219.01.017.6103.00.00%7.37%1.16%6.14%0.14%13.73%0.72%12.72%74.42%SA343.10.04.91.03.90.05.40.35.025.10.00%11.37%2.32%9.05%0.00%12.53%0.70%11.60%58.24%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.13Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, FL1995TOHU1245.20.81.93.97.550.80.06%0.15%0.31%0.60%4.08%NC69.50.00.00.00.01.10.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%1.58%SA1124.70.00.00.00.33.80.00%0.00%0.00%0.24%3.05%SA2586.80.41.50.83.523.50.07%0.26%0.14%0.60%4.00%SA362.90.40.41.10.46.90.64%0.64%1.75%0.64%10.97%2002TOHU1434.20.83.01.51.50.47.11.94.551.90.06%0.21%0.10%0.10%0.03%0.50%0.13%0.31%3.62%NC70.80.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.40.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.56%SA1128.80.00.00.00.00.00.70.00.76.30.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.54%0.00%0.54%4.89%SA2667.90.40.70.70.00.42.70.32.423.00.06%0.10%0.10%0.00%0.06%0.40%0.04%0.36%3.44%SA369.80.41.10.80.40.01.81.10.76.50.57%1.58%1.15%0.57%0.00%2.58%1.58%1.00%9.31%2007TOHU1911.61.21.21.013.182.60.06%0.06%0.05%0.69%4.32%NC77.30.00.00.00.03.50.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%4.53%SA1145.10.00.00.00.08.20.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%5.65%SA2679.11.21.21.03.421.80.18%0.18%0.15%0.50%3.21%SA359.20.00.00.03.45.50.00%0.00%0.00%5.74%9.29%

Milwaukee, WI1994TOHU559.60.719.20.427.5146.80.13%3.43%0.07%4.91%26.23%NC26.10.22.80.02.616.50.77%10.73%0.00%9.96%63.22%SA1233.40.21.70.23.517.30.09%0.73%0.09%1.50%7.41%SA2139.20.53.20.27.437.50.36%2.30%0.14%5.32%26.94%SA3120.00.011.30.08.665.40.00%9.42%0.00%7.17%54.50%2002TOHU584.60.021.61.220.40.08.80.38.2179.60.00%3.69%0.21%3.49%0.00%1.51%0.05%1.40%30.72%NC22.20.03.80.23.60.00.70.00.716.50.00%17.12%0.90%16.22%0.00%3.15%0.00%3.15%74.32%SA1224.20.01.20.21.00.01.20.40.817.60.00%0.54%0.09%0.45%0.00%0.54%0.18%0.36%7.85%SA2144.80.02.90.22.70.02.60.02.643.20.00%2.00%0.14%1.86%0.00%1.80%0.00%1.80%29.83%SA3138.10.010.70.410.30.03.60.23.481.30.00%7.75%0.29%7.46%0.00%2.61%0.14%2.46%58.87%

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN1998TOHU1111.90.371.26.454.20.020.40.719.7410.90.03%6.40%0.58%4.87%0.00%1.83%0.06%1.77%36.95%NC63.80.010.90.39.00.01.60.01.636.00.00%17.08%0.47%14.11%0.00%2.51%0.00%2.51%56.43%SA1165.60.02.50.31.10.02.00.02.035.60.00%1.51%0.18%0.66%0.00%1.21%0.00%1.21%21.50%SA2110.60.02.20.31.40.00.80.00.821.10.00%1.99%0.27%1.27%0.00%0.72%0.00%0.72%19.08%SA3287.20.021.62.715.60.05.80.05.8143.20.00%7.52%0.94%5.43%0.00%2.02%0.00%2.02%49.86%2007TOHU1229.90.6103.10.444.1518.50.05%8.38%0.03%3.59%42.16%NC55.10.09.70.45.137.20.00%17.60%0.73%9.26%67.51%SA1153.30.04.50.01.636.60.00%2.94%0.00%1.04%23.87%SA2112.80.04.50.00.626.40.00%3.99%0.00%0.53%23.40%SA3303.80.028.40.011.5157.40.00%9.35%0.00%3.79%51.81%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.14Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

New Orleans, LA1995TOHU484.90.32.10.916.5102.70.06%0.43%0.19%3.40%21.18%NC9.90.00.00.00.67.20.00%0.00%0.00%6.06%72.73%SA1188.20.00.20.21.324.40.00%0.11%0.11%0.69%12.96%SA2171.80.00.40.35.835.10.00%0.23%0.17%3.38%20.43%SA360.50.31.00.25.129.00.50%1.65%0.33%8.43%47.93%2004TOHU498.20.08.01.46.70.220.41.419.0117.60.00%1.61%0.28%1.34%0.04%4.09%0.28%3.81%23.60%NC14.40.01.20.30.90.01.70.11.68.10.00%8.33%2.08%6.25%0.00%11.81%0.69%11.11%56.25%SA1178.10.01.70.51.20.23.20.52.722.90.00%0.95%0.28%0.67%0.11%1.80%0.28%1.52%12.86%SA2172.40.02.60.71.80.05.40.44.938.70.00%1.51%0.41%1.04%0.00%3.13%0.23%2.84%22.45%SA377.10.02.30.02.30.08.40.28.238.00.00%2.98%0.00%2.98%0.00%10.89%0.26%10.64%49.29%

New York-Nassau-Suffolk-Orange, NY1995TOHU4207.90.034.00.0147.3604.50.00%0.81%0.00%3.50%14.37%NC29.50.02.30.04.611.60.00%7.80%0.00%15.59%39.32%SA12795.10.02.50.031.3152.20.00%0.09%0.00%1.12%5.45%SA2430.80.02.30.030.2125.70.00%0.53%0.00%7.01%29.18%SA3438.20.013.00.039.2150.80.00%2.97%0.00%8.95%34.41%1999TOHU4331.70.026.612.813.90.050.80.050.8611.80.00%0.61%0.30%0.32%0.00%1.17%0.00%1.17%14.12%NC28.80.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.06.50.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%22.57%SA12862.20.04.12.71.40.010.10.010.1113.40.00%0.14%0.09%0.05%0.00%0.35%0.00%0.35%3.96%SA2445.00.00.00.00.00.08.70.08.7133.30.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%1.96%0.00%1.96%29.96%SA3456.60.017.47.69.80.014.80.014.8161.20.00%3.81%1.66%2.15%0.00%3.24%0.00%3.24%35.30%2003TOHU4409.30.012.57.74.90.037.72.635.2545.50.00%0.28%0.17%0.11%0.00%0.86%0.06%0.80%12.37%NC55.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.20.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%3.97%SA12929.80.05.35.30.00.05.90.05.9101.20.00%0.18%0.18%0.00%0.00%0.20%0.00%0.20%3.45%SA2445.50.00.00.00.00.08.70.08.7116.20.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%1.95%0.00%1.95%26.08%SA3461.60.04.72.32.40.012.22.69.7145.90.00%1.02%0.50%0.52%0.00%2.64%0.56%2.10%31.61%

Norfolk-Virginia BeachNewport News, VA1998TOHU564.00.336.53.028.80.027.22.724.4245.90.05%6.47%0.53%5.11%0.00%4.82%0.48%4.33%43.60%NC28.80.02.80.02.30.03.40.03.419.00.00%9.72%0.00%7.99%0.00%11.81%0.00%11.81%65.97%SA182.70.12.30.02.10.02.80.42.317.90.12%2.78%0.00%2.54%0.00%3.39%0.48%2.78%21.64%SA2152.30.013.31.610.30.09.00.88.292.60.00%8.73%1.05%6.76%0.00%5.91%0.53%5.38%60.80%SA370.20.03.90.13.00.02.40.12.225.20.00%5.56%0.14%4.27%0.00%3.42%0.14%3.13%35.90%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.15Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Northern NJ1995TOHU2202.50.057.40.092.5551.10.00%2.61%0.00%4.20%25.02%NC56.00.02.30.05.831.80.00%4.11%0.00%10.36%56.79%SA187.40.00.00.00.01.80.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%2.06%SA2324.50.010.40.014.196.80.00%3.20%0.00%4.35%29.83%SA3243.50.05.00.02.552.20.00%2.05%0.00%1.03%21.44%1999TOHU2315.83.243.50.030.80.040.38.032.3580.80.14%1.88%0.00%1.33%0.00%1.74%0.35%1.39%25.08%NC63.93.20.00.00.00.08.70.08.738.95.01%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%13.62%0.00%13.62%60.88%SA176.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.30.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%3.02%SA2329.60.06.70.02.40.011.00.011.089.90.00%2.03%0.00%0.73%0.00%3.34%0.00%3.34%27.28%SA3265.50.08.20.05.40.02.70.02.752.00.00%3.09%0.00%2.03%0.00%1.02%0.00%1.02%19.59%2003TOHU2352.00.040.64.735.90.026.78.518.2599.40.00%1.73%0.20%1.53%0.00%1.14%0.36%0.77%25.48%NC72.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.026.90.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%37.15%SA185.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.40.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%2.81%SA2334.80.02.40.02.40.07.81.06.8100.20.00%0.72%0.00%0.72%0.00%2.33%0.30%2.03%29.93%SA3285.50.02.60.02.60.04.72.52.270.80.00%0.91%0.00%0.91%0.00%1.65%0.88%0.77%24.80%

Oakland, CA1998TOHU855.70.646.55.029.20.671.811.958.9475.30.07%5.43%0.58%3.41%0.07%8.39%1.39%6.88%55.55%NC30.20.01.30.21.10.03.10.22.925.80.00%4.30%0.66%3.64%0.00%10.26%0.66%9.60%85.43%SA1148.70.06.20.92.90.28.42.65.857.30.00%4.17%0.61%1.95%0.13%5.65%1.75%3.90%38.53%SA2370.00.019.12.612.20.028.74.423.6199.70.00%5.16%0.70%3.30%0.00%7.76%1.19%6.38%53.97%SA3337.00.621.21.514.20.434.74.929.5218.40.18%6.29%0.45%4.21%0.12%10.30%1.45%8.75%64.81%

Oklahoma City, OK1996TOHU386.21.416.11.798.7161.20.36%4.17%0.44%25.56%41.74%NC15.50.01.60.19.713.50.00%10.32%0.65%62.58%87.10%SA1181.20.46.40.248.776.10.22%3.53%0.11%26.88%42.00%SA285.60.12.41.321.637.10.12%2.80%1.52%25.23%43.34%SA355.80.43.00.015.226.40.72%5.38%0.00%27.24%47.31%2004TOHU430.80.022.92.520.10.023.61.621.9194.70.00%5.32%0.58%4.67%0.00%5.48%0.37%5.08%45.19%NC29.40.03.80.33.50.02.20.12.121.10.00%12.93%1.02%11.90%0.00%7.48%0.34%7.14%71.77%SA1170.00.06.80.36.30.08.61.07.670.70.00%4.00%0.18%3.71%0.00%5.06%0.59%4.47%41.59%SA289.50.04.50.73.80.04.60.14.543.40.00%5.03%0.78%4.25%0.00%5.14%0.11%5.03%48.49%SA368.50.04.60.34.20.03.40.03.332.00.00%6.72%0.44%6.13%0.00%4.96%0.00%4.82%46.72%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.16Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Philadelphia, PA1995TOHU1820.62.243.21.0113.4504.70.12%2.37%0.05%6.23%27.72%NC42.20.02.30.06.027.30.00%5.45%0.00%14.22%64.69%SA1596.60.03.10.03.250.40.00%0.52%0.00%0.54%8.45%SA2267.91.04.31.016.3106.00.37%1.61%0.37%6.08%39.57%SA3204.10.06.80.017.271.10.00%3.33%0.00%8.43%34.84%1999TOHU1874.60.059.96.839.70.027.01.325.8535.70.00%3.20%0.36%2.12%0.00%1.44%0.07%1.38%28.58%NC48.70.06.70.06.70.00.00.00.034.90.00%13.76%0.00%13.76%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%71.66%SA1582.30.04.80.02.40.05.91.34.750.20.00%0.82%0.00%0.41%0.00%1.01%0.22%0.81%8.62%SA2281.70.011.41.15.80.04.70.04.7111.60.00%4.05%0.39%2.06%0.00%1.67%0.00%1.67%39.62%SA3210.80.05.60.03.50.05.60.05.671.80.00%2.66%0.00%1.66%0.00%2.66%0.00%2.66%34.06%2003TOHU1905.20.060.110.447.11.030.73.527.3576.00.00%3.15%0.55%2.47%0.05%1.61%0.18%1.43%30.23%NC62.20.04.90.04.90.06.10.06.143.00.00%7.88%0.00%7.88%0.00%9.81%0.00%9.81%69.13%SA1589.90.05.03.71.20.03.50.03.551.70.00%0.85%0.63%0.20%0.00%0.59%0.00%0.59%8.76%SA2293.50.09.42.37.20.03.60.03.6126.60.00%3.20%0.78%2.45%0.00%1.23%0.00%1.23%43.13%SA3197.90.05.70.03.11.04.20.04.269.10.00%2.88%0.00%1.57%0.51%2.12%0.00%2.12%34.92%

Phoenix, AZ1994TOHU896.71.120.41.7139.3298.70.12%2.28%0.19%15.53%33.31%NC82.50.03.30.019.840.30.00%4.00%0.00%24.00%48.85%SA1330.30.44.80.244.491.10.12%1.45%0.06%13.44%27.58%SA2111.30.44.60.019.641.40.36%4.13%0.00%17.61%37.20%SA3455.20.411.01.575.3166.20.09%2.42%0.33%16.54%36.51%2002TOHU1165.70.022.82.420.10.331.42.329.2350.80.00%1.96%0.21%1.72%0.03%2.69%0.20%2.50%30.09%NC148.90.03.50.03.50.03.20.32.931.20.00%2.35%0.00%2.35%0.00%2.15%0.20%1.95%20.95%SA1342.40.05.10.74.40.36.01.44.683.10.00%1.49%0.20%1.29%0.09%1.75%0.41%1.34%24.27%SA2145.70.02.50.02.50.04.50.04.548.80.00%1.72%0.00%1.72%0.00%3.09%0.00%3.09%33.49%SA3677.60.015.31.713.30.020.90.820.1219.00.00%2.26%0.25%1.96%0.00%3.08%0.12%2.97%32.32%

Pittsburgh, PA1995TOHU969.60.027.10.084.1260.10.00%2.79%0.00%8.67%26.83%NC23.70.01.10.05.115.00.00%4.64%0.00%21.52%63.29%SA1150.60.01.30.06.515.70.00%0.86%0.00%4.32%10.42%SA2395.60.013.70.042.2127.40.00%3.46%0.00%10.67%32.20%SA3148.10.03.20.017.038.90.00%2.16%0.00%11.48%26.27%2004TOHU953.80.336.74.432.00.027.33.023.7294.90.03%3.85%0.46%3.36%0.00%2.86%0.31%2.48%30.92%NC20.40.02.50.02.50.01.20.01.212.90.00%12.25%0.00%12.25%0.00%5.88%0.00%5.88%63.24%SA1130.20.31.40.01.40.02.20.61.716.40.23%1.08%0.00%1.08%0.00%1.69%0.46%1.31%12.60%SA2394.20.012.91.910.80.013.60.512.5140.40.00%3.27%0.48%2.74%0.00%3.45%0.13%3.17%35.62%SA3151.20.09.51.48.20.03.90.33.651.50.00%6.28%0.93%5.42%0.00%2.58%0.20%2.38%34.06%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.17Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Portland, OR1995TOHU655.16.357.61.4154.4332.80.96%8.79%0.21%23.57%50.80%NC49.80.24.70.013.930.50.40%9.44%0.00%27.91%61.24%SA1191.10.99.00.237.188.20.47%4.71%0.10%19.41%46.15%SA263.10.77.80.413.232.91.11%12.36%0.63%20.92%52.14%SA3138.20.413.20.041.880.40.29%9.55%0.00%30.25%58.18%2002TOHU747.82.478.18.169.81.154.63.450.8403.50.32%10.44%1.08%9.33%0.15%7.30%0.45%6.79%53.96%NC55.60.010.40.69.80.27.70.57.236.80.00%18.71%1.08%17.63%0.36%13.85%0.90%12.95%66.19%SA1202.00.216.02.313.80.412.00.811.398.10.10%7.92%1.14%6.83%0.20%5.94%0.40%5.59%48.56%SA268.20.08.21.56.70.26.80.26.737.00.00%12.02%2.20%9.82%0.29%9.97%0.29%9.82%54.25%SA3173.80.919.61.318.30.014.60.913.7108.00.52%11.28%0.75%10.53%0.00%8.40%0.52%7.88%62.14%

Providence, RI1998TOHU379.50.05.10.73.30.06.10.45.7109.00.00%1.34%0.18%0.87%0.00%1.61%0.11%1.50%28.72%NC10.20.00.10.00.10.00.40.00.45.20.00%0.98%0.00%0.98%0.00%3.92%0.00%3.92%50.98%SA158.70.00.00.00.00.00.50.00.57.80.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.85%0.00%0.85%13.29%SA235.10.00.60.10.30.00.80.10.712.10.00%1.71%0.28%0.85%0.00%2.28%0.28%1.99%34.47%SA327.80.00.00.00.00.00.50.10.410.20.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%1.80%0.36%1.44%36.69%

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA1994TOHU932.93.826.47.2185.8476.50.41%2.83%0.77%19.92%51.08%NC74.50.04.90.521.462.00.00%6.58%0.67%28.72%83.22%SA184.00.00.20.07.637.70.00%0.24%0.00%9.05%44.88%SA2354.31.36.22.452.5183.60.37%1.75%0.68%14.82%51.82%SA349.20.01.60.69.817.30.00%3.25%1.22%19.92%35.16%2002TOHU1083.91.865.311.154.23.784.410.273.6572.80.17%6.02%1.02%5.00%0.34%7.79%0.94%6.79%52.85%NC78.70.07.40.27.20.05.30.35.064.20.00%9.40%0.25%9.15%0.00%6.73%0.38%6.35%81.58%SA188.30.02.50.91.60.18.21.17.138.50.00%2.83%1.02%1.81%0.11%9.29%1.25%8.04%43.60%SA2448.60.221.51.320.21.937.13.533.4243.00.04%4.79%0.29%4.50%0.42%8.27%0.78%7.45%54.17%SA354.20.01.50.01.50.02.50.42.117.40.00%2.77%0.00%2.77%0.00%4.61%0.74%3.87%32.10%

Rochester, NY1998TOHU410.00.013.01.310.20.17.00.96.1126.70.00%3.17%0.32%2.49%0.02%1.71%0.22%1.49%30.90%NC11.30.01.20.01.20.00.30.00.36.30.00%10.62%0.00%10.62%0.00%2.65%0.00%2.65%55.75%SA184.90.00.60.10.30.10.50.00.59.90.00%0.71%0.12%0.35%0.12%0.59%0.00%0.59%11.66%SA2192.80.07.20.76.00.04.40.53.986.50.00%3.73%0.36%3.11%0.00%2.28%0.26%2.02%44.87%SA337.00.02.00.21.40.00.40.10.211.30.00%5.41%0.54%3.78%0.00%1.08%0.27%0.54%30.54%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.18Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Sacramento, CA1996TOHU557.812.035.87.7137.2318.42.15%6.42%1.38%24.60%57.08%NC32.30.22.50.312.726.50.62%7.74%0.93%39.32%82.04%SA1144.11.44.03.435.577.20.97%2.78%2.36%24.64%53.57%SA2275.33.719.93.780.3174.11.34%7.23%1.34%29.17%63.24%SA383.24.68.10.416.944.55.53%9.74%0.48%20.31%53.49%2004TOHU669.43.160.46.153.91.768.17.260.7385.90.46%9.02%0.91%8.05%0.25%10.17%1.08%9.07%57.65%NC62.30.28.20.87.50.06.00.06.040.70.32%13.16%1.28%12.04%0.00%9.63%0.00%9.63%65.33%SA1163.10.410.30.79.40.816.40.815.684.50.25%6.32%0.43%5.76%0.49%10.06%0.49%9.56%51.81%SA2319.40.425.23.721.40.438.33.834.6200.40.13%7.89%1.16%6.70%0.13%11.99%1.19%10.83%62.74%SA3119.90.615.31.214.10.27.91.66.271.00.50%12.76%1.00%11.76%0.17%6.59%1.33%5.17%59.22%

St. Louis, MO1996TOHU1005.51.355.11.3162.0363.20.13%5.48%0.13%16.11%36.12%NC49.00.28.80.014.036.00.41%17.96%0.00%28.57%73.47%SA1156.80.00.70.08.520.20.00%0.45%0.00%5.42%12.88%SA2401.00.011.01.083.2183.90.00%2.74%0.25%20.75%45.86%SA3105.40.27.00.021.435.60.19%6.64%0.00%20.30%33.78%2004TOHU1029.40.539.73.835.80.036.01.334.2417.60.05%3.86%0.37%3.48%0.00%3.50%0.13%3.32%40.57%NC47.60.05.30.05.30.04.50.34.333.10.00%11.13%0.00%11.13%0.00%9.45%0.63%9.03%69.54%SA1143.80.00.00.00.00.01.80.01.816.80.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%1.25%0.00%1.25%11.68%SA2399.00.312.11.111.00.013.30.313.0187.30.08%3.03%0.28%2.76%0.00%3.33%0.08%3.26%46.94%SA399.30.03.60.33.30.03.30.33.038.10.00%3.63%0.30%3.32%0.00%3.32%0.30%3.02%38.37%

Salt Lake City, UT1998TOHU410.60.034.03.122.90.119.91.818.1204.10.00%8.28%0.75%5.58%0.02%4.85%0.44%4.41%49.71%NC39.30.05.40.24.50.02.10.02.120.20.00%13.74%0.51%11.45%0.00%5.34%0.00%5.34%51.40%SA165.50.02.70.21.60.02.20.12.123.30.00%4.12%0.31%2.44%0.00%3.36%0.15%3.21%35.57%SA2212.20.018.51.811.20.012.31.211.2116.40.00%8.72%0.85%5.28%0.00%5.80%0.57%5.28%54.85%SA368.80.05.90.24.70.03.10.22.935.60.00%8.58%0.29%6.83%0.00%4.51%0.29%4.22%51.74%

San Antonio, TX1995TOHU484.80.99.71.169.3168.50.19%2.00%0.23%14.29%34.76%NC21.90.01.00.04.812.30.00%4.57%0.00%21.92%56.16%SA1336.30.73.00.841.698.30.21%0.89%0.24%12.37%29.23%SA287.80.03.10.322.150.10.00%3.53%0.34%25.17%57.06%SA328.20.31.80.02.27.91.06%6.38%0.00%7.91%28.01%2004TOHU586.90.015.01.912.90.231.82.329.4215.00.00%2.56%0.32%2.20%0.03%5.42%0.39%5.01%36.63%NC43.70.01.40.01.40.02.70.02.717.00.00%3.20%0.00%3.20%0.00%6.18%0.00%6.18%38.90%SA1410.90.06.81.45.40.020.81.119.6131.20.00%1.65%0.34%1.31%0.00%5.06%0.27%4.77%31.93%SA295.50.04.30.24.10.27.50.86.755.90.00%4.50%0.21%4.29%0.21%7.85%0.84%7.02%58.53%SA337.70.01.60.21.50.00.90.09.012.10.00%4.24%0.53%3.98%0.00%2.39%0.00%23.87%32.10%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.19Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

San Diego, CA1994TOHU896.86.819.010.760.7421.70.76%2.12%1.19%6.77%47.02%NC41.50.52.40.55.633.41.20%5.78%1.20%13.49%80.48%SA1408.00.61.93.227.1185.30.15%0.47%0.78%6.64%45.42%SA2488.76.217.17.533.6236.51.27%3.50%1.53%6.88%48.39%SA32002TOHU999.12.349.110.538.01.683.012.469.8475.70.23%4.91%1.05%3.80%0.16%8.31%1.24%6.99%47.61%NC49.80.01.50.21.30.04.80.04.839.30.00%3.01%0.40%2.61%0.00%9.64%0.00%9.64%78.92%SA1450.20.313.74.09.40.035.15.129.5200.10.07%3.04%0.89%2.09%0.00%7.80%1.13%6.55%44.45%SA2549.02.135.36.528.61.647.97.340.3275.60.38%6.43%1.18%5.21%0.29%8.72%1.33%7.34%50.20%SA3

San Francisco-Oakland, CA1998TOHU663.20.521.13.710.80.052.511.940.7319.10.08%3.18%0.56%1.63%0.00%7.92%1.79%6.14%48.12%NC8.50.00.20.00.00.00.70.20.54.90.00%2.35%0.00%0.00%0.00%8.24%2.35%5.88%57.65%SA1307.30.23.91.40.80.012.62.310.392.80.07%1.27%0.46%0.26%0.00%4.10%0.75%3.35%30.20%SA2257.90.212.22.06.60.027.57.819.6161.90.08%4.73%0.78%2.56%0.00%10.66%3.02%7.60%62.78%SA398.00.25.00.33.30.012.41.710.764.40.20%5.10%0.31%3.37%0.00%12.65%1.73%10.92%65.71%

San Jose, CA1998TOHU565.90.424.51.816.80.333.33.629.6326.90.07%4.33%0.32%2.97%0.05%5.88%0.64%5.23%57.77%NC21.80.00.80.00.70.01.40.11.215.60.00%3.67%0.00%3.21%0.00%6.42%0.46%5.50%71.56%SA1274.60.311.00.77.60.315.71.714.0159.60.11%4.01%0.25%2.77%0.11%5.72%0.62%5.10%58.12%SA253.90.01.30.30.80.02.70.62.024.20.00%2.41%0.56%1.48%0.00%5.01%1.11%3.71%44.90%SA3237.40.112.30.88.30.014.91.313.6143.20.04%5.18%0.34%3.50%0.00%6.28%0.55%5.73%60.32%

Seattle-Everett, WA1996TOHU902.410.287.92.9230.7539.01.13%9.74%0.32%25.57%59.73%NC51.70.24.60.016.136.00.39%8.90%0.00%31.14%69.63%SA1242.41.27.10.432.6112.80.50%2.93%0.17%13.45%46.53%SA2421.62.752.71.6141.8296.40.64%12.50%0.38%33.63%70.30%SA3214.25.625.40.754.4121.12.61%11.86%0.33%25.40%56.54%2004TOHU991.94.9129.913.0116.22.789.38.380.5593.10.49%13.10%1.31%11.71%0.27%9.00%0.84%8.12%59.79%NC64.00.314.12.311.80.09.50.39.245.40.47%22.03%3.59%18.44%0.00%14.84%0.47%14.38%70.94%SA1250.60.317.62.514.90.614.12.211.9117.00.12%7.02%1.00%5.95%0.24%5.63%0.88%4.75%46.70%SA2450.70.865.26.958.40.745.84.041.7310.80.18%14.47%1.53%12.96%0.16%10.16%0.89%9.25%68.96%SA3258.73.542.73.139.11.426.72.024.1151.81.35%16.51%1.20%15.11%0.54%10.32%0.77%9.32%58.68%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.20Table 2.AHS Metropolitan Data 1994-2007 (cont.)

Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL1998TOHU935.80.316.61.610.41.129.66.623.0184.30.03%1.77%0.17%1.11%0.12%3.16%0.71%2.46%19.69%NC54.40.01.30.30.80.02.50.02.514.70.00%2.39%0.55%1.47%0.00%4.60%0.00%4.60%27.02%SA1114.40.01.60.30.30.02.50.81.718.10.00%1.40%0.26%0.26%0.00%2.19%0.70%1.49%15.82%SA2103.70.01.10.00.30.33.30.62.815.70.00%1.06%0.00%0.29%0.29%3.18%0.58%2.70%15.14%SA3286.80.05.30.53.70.29.01.77.458.30.00%1.85%0.17%1.29%0.07%3.14%0.59%2.58%20.33%2007TOHU1074.90.08.52.042.0193.30.00%0.79%0.19%3.91%17.98%NC62.30.01.10.01.17.10.00%1.77%0.00%1.77%11.40%SA1123.70.00.60.53.820.50.00%0.49%0.40%3.07%16.57%SA299.40.00.00.51.715.70.00%0.00%0.50%1.71%15.79%SA3285.80.01.10.513.655.20.00%0.38%0.17%4.76%19.31%

Washington, DC1998TOHU1672.70.083.04.663.10.065.25.859.4749.80.00%4.96%0.28%3.77%0.00%3.90%0.35%3.55%44.83%NC103.10.013.50.410.70.09.10.48.773.90.00%13.09%0.39%10.38%0.00%8.83%0.39%8.44%71.68%SA1226.10.00.80.40.00.06.60.85.846.60.00%0.35%0.18%0.00%0.00%2.92%0.35%2.57%20.61%SA2274.20.016.71.312.90.010.20.010.2100.80.00%6.09%0.47%4.70%0.00%3.72%0.00%3.72%36.76%SA3340.90.017.60.013.10.011.41.210.2209.00.00%5.16%0.00%3.84%0.00%3.34%0.35%2.99%61.31%2007TOHU1949.10.0119.80.0128.2918.30.00%6.15%0.00%6.58%47.11%NC92.70.08.50.013.867.60.00%9.17%0.00%14.89%72.92%SA1247.20.00.00.010.549.80.00%0.00%0.00%4.25%20.15%SA2292.60.027.80.013.2110.50.00%9.50%0.00%4.51%37.76%SA3371.10.020.70.031.2232.60.00%5.58%0.00%8.41%62.68%Note: Numbers in thousands. TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units. NC= New Construction (≤4 yrs). SA1 = Subarea 1. SA2 = Subarea 2. SA3= Subarea 3. – indicates zeroor rounds to zero. Blank regionsindicate no data collected.

# Table 3. Proportion of Wood and Gas Fireplaces

Source Proportion Wood Fireplaces Proportion Gas Fireplaces

2008 HPBA Shipment Survey 25.45% 74.55%

EIA Adjusted 37.63% 56.32%

Average 31.54% 65.43%



# Note: “EIA Adjusted” is th e adjusted EIA value calculated by the following method,

(2005 ENC) x (Manufacturer Shipments va lue for 2008) / (Average Manufacturer

Shipments values for 2000-2005)

Table 4. Multiple Ownership Factor

*Assume 2+ fireplaces = 2 fireplaces; to two significant figures the same multiplication factor is

obtained if it is assumed that 2+ fireplaces = 90% 2 fireplaces and 10% 3 fireplaces.

Table 5. References for “Never Used” Wood-B urning Fireplace without Insert Use

Category

Reference Region Year Category Fraction Unused

104 San Joaquin Valley, CA 2002 Never 0.22

105 San Joaquin Valley, CA 1999 Never 0.32

106 Northern California 2002 Used Last Year? No. 0.23

107 U.S. 2002 Almost Never/Never 0.19

111 U.S. 1994-1995 Don't Use 0.31

108 U.S. 2004 Almost Never/Never 0.31

112 Bay Area, CA 2006-2007 Not Used 0.44

113 Seattle MSA, WA 2007 Not Used 0.57

114 Minnesota 2002-2003 Unused 0.27

Average 0.32 Data Set Total Wood Gas Insert

2008 U.S. Census* 1.1

− − −

1973-2008

U.S. Census Average* 1.1

− − −

2008 HPBA 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3

2006 HPBA 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4

2004 HPBA 1.2 1.1 1.1

−



# 21

# 22 Table 6. Total Particulate Emissions for Ne w Construction Houses with Wood-Burning

Fireplaces without Inserts Emitted in 2016

New Single-Family Housing Starts

Projection Basis Emission

Factor Projected Tons of Particles Emitted in 2016

Heating

Wood Aesthetics

Total

Wood Firelogs *



# ’96-’05 Pre-Downturn

Ten-Year Average Phase II 538 265

164 968

Baseline 1,193 588 1,945

’00-’09 Ten-Year Average Phase II 487 240

148 875

Baseline 1,078 531 1,758

’95-’05 Slope + ’09 Intercept

Projected Average ’11-’16 Phase II 274 135

84 493

Baseline 608 300 991

Average Phase II 433 213

132 779

Baseline 960 473 1,565

* 

# The wax-fiber firelog emission factor remains the same in both emission factor scenarios.

Table 7. Total Particulate Emissions for Ne w Construction Houses with Wood-Burning

Fireplaces without Inserts Emitted in 2016, Se nsitivity Analysis, Gas-Fired Fireplace

Proportion of New Fireplaces Increased from 65.43% to 75%

Percentage of New Fireplaces that

are Gas-Fired Emission

Factor Projected Tons of Particles Emitted in 2016

Heating

Wood Aesthetics

Total †



# Wood Firelogs *



# 65.43% Gas Fireplaces Phase II 433 213

132 779

Baseline 960 473 1,565

75% Gas Fireplaces Phase II 202 163

101 466

Baseline 447 361 909

* 

# The wax-fiber firelog emission factor remains the same in both emission factor scenarios.

† 

# Total values based on average of new single-fa mily housing starts projections as shown in

previous table.Summary FiguresFigure 1. Usable Fireplaces in Occupied Homes, 1997-2007Note: TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units, NC= New Construction(within four years).NE = Northeast, MW = Midwest, S= South, and W = West census regions23Figure 2. Usable Fireplaces, National and Metropolitan*92 surveys conducted from 1994-2007 in 47 MSAs. See Table 2 for MSA locations.Note: TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units, NC = New Construction (≤4 years).24Figure 3. U.S. Fireplaces without Inserts Used for Heating, 1997-2007**Sum of “Other Heating” (which includes parallel and supplemental heating) plus “Main Heating” as defined by AHS. Shadedportions of bars denote “Main Heating” contribution.Note: TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units, NC = New Construction (≤4 years)25Figure 4. Fireplaces without Inserts Usedfor Heating, National and Metropolitan*92 surveys conducted from 1994-2007 in 47 MSAs. See Table 2 for MSA locations.Note: TOHU = Total Occupied Housing Units, NC = New Construction (≤4 years).26Figure 5. Percent of Completed New Single-Family Houses with Fireplaces27Figure 6. Number of Fireplaces inCompleted New Single-Family Houses28Figure 7. Proportion of Total Fireplaceswithout Inserts That Are Wood-FueledNote: “Manufacturer Shipments” based on the 2008 HPBA Shipment Survey103“2005 ENC” = 2005 EIA National Data, New Construction (2000-2005)29Figure 8. Proportion of Total Fireplaceswithout Inserts That Are Gas-FueledNote: “Manufacturer Shipments” based on the 2008 HPBA Shipment Survey103“2005 ENC” = 2005 EIA National Data, New Construction (2000-2005)3031Figure 9. Projected Annual Single-Family Housing Starts*Average annual housing starts for the period 2011 to 2016 based on the slope of 1995 to2005 housing starts and an intercept basedon 2009 housing starts.

# Figure 10. Fireplace Ownership in New Construction

Note: Numbers are percent of single-family new construction homes. Multiple ownership factor

of 1.17 not considered on this chart.

Figure 11. Wood-Burning Fireplace Usage in New Construction

Note: Numbers are percent of wood-burning fireplaces.

32

# References

1 American Housing Survey for the United St ates: 1997, Current Housing Reports, issued

November 2000, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S.

Department of Commerce.

2 American Housing Survey for the United St ates: 1999, Current Housing Reports, issued

October 2000, U.S. Department of Hous ing and Urban Development and U.S.

Department of Commerce.

3 American Housing Survey for the United St ates: 2001, Current Housing Reports, issued

October 2002, U.S. Department of Hous ing and Urban Development and U.S.

Department of Commerce.

4 American Housing Survey for the United St ates: 2003, Current Housing Reports, issued

September 2004, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S.

Department of Commerce.

5 American Housing Survey for the United St ates: 2005, Current Housing Reports, issued

August 2006, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Department

of Commerce.

6 American Housing Survey for the United St ates: 2007, Current Housing Reports, issued

September 2008, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S.

Department of Commerce.

7 American Housing Survey for the Anaheim- Santa Ana Metropolitan Area: 1994, Current

Housing Reports, issued May 1996, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

8 American Housing Survey for the Anaheim- Santa Ana Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current

Housing Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Depa rtment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

9 American Housing Survey for the Atlanta Metropolitan Area: 1996, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

10 American Housing Survey for the Atlanta Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

11 American Housing Survey for the Baltim ore Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current Housing

Reports, issued December 2001, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

33

# 12 American Housing Survey for the Baltim ore Metropolitan Area: 2007, Current Housing

Reports, issued February 2009, U.S. Departme nt of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

13 American Housing Survey for the Birmingha m Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 2000, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

14 American Housing Survey for the Boston Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 2000, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

15 American Housing Survey for the Boston Metropolitan Area: 2007, Current Housing

Reports, issued February 2009, U.S. Departme nt of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

16 American Housing Survey for the Buffalo Metropolitan Area: 1994, Current Housing

Reports, issued May 1996, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

17 American Housing Survey for the Buffalo Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current Housing

Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

18 American Housing Survey for the Charlotte Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

19 American Housing Survey for the Charlotte Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current Housing

Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

20 American Housing Survey for the Chica go Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

21 American Housing Survey for the Chica go Metropolitan Area: 1999, Current Housing

Reports, issued March 2001, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

22 American Housing Survey for the Chica go Metropolitan Area: 2003, Current Housing

Reports, issued December 2004, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

34

# 23 American Housing Survey for the Cincinna ti Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 2000, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

24 American Housing Survey for the Clevela nd Metropolitan Area: 1996, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

25 American Housing Survey for the Clevela nd Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Departmentof Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

26 American Housing Survey for the Columbus Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

27 American Housing Survey for the Columbus Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current Housing

Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

28 American Housing Survey for the Dallas Metropolitan Area: 1994, Current Housing

Reports, issued May 1996, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

29 American Housing Survey for the Dallas Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current Housing

Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

30 American Housing Survey for the Denver Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

31 American Housing Survey for the Denver Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Departmentof Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

32 American Housing Survey for the Detroit Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

33 American Housing Survey for the Detroit Metropolitan Area: 1999, Current Housing

Reports, issued March 2001, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

35

# 34 American Housing Survey for the Detroit Metropolitan Area: 2003, Current Housing

Reports, issued December 2004, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

35 American Housing Survey for the Ft. Wort h-Arlington Metropolitan Area: 1994, Current

Housing Reports, issued April 1996, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

36 American Housing Survey for the Ft. Wort h-Arlington Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current

Housing Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Depa rtment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

37 American Housing Survey for the Hartford Metropolitan Area: 1996, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

38 American Housing Survey for the Hartford Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

39 American Housing Survey for the Houst on Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 2000, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

40 American Housing Survey for the Houst on Metropolitan Area: 2007, Current Housing

Reports, issued February 2009, U.S. Departme nt of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

41 American Housing Survey for the Indianapol is Metropolitan Area: 1996, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

42 American Housing Survey for the Indianapol is Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

43 American Housing Survey for the Kansas C ity Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

44 American Housing Survey for the Kansas C ity Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current Housing

Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

36

# 45 American Housing Survey for the Los A ngeles-Long Beach Metropolitan Area: 1995,

Current Housing Reports, issued Septembe r 1997, U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

46 American Housing Survey for the Los A ngeles-Long Beach Metropolitan Area: 1999,

Current Housing Reports, issued March 2001, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

47 American Housing Survey for the Los A ngeles-Long Beach Metropolitan Area: 2003,

Current Housing Reports, issued December 2004, U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

48 American Housing Survey for the Memphi s Metropolitan Area: 1996, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

49 American Housing Survey for the Memphi s Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

50 American Housing Survey for the Miami-Ft . Lauderdale Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current

Housing Reports, issued September 1997, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

51 American Housing Survey for the Miami-Ft . Lauderdale Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current

Housing Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Depa rtment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

52 American Housing Survey for the Miami-Ft . Lauderdale Metropolitan Area: 2007, Current

Housing Reports, issued February 2009, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

53 American Housing Survey for the Milwauk ee Metropolitan Area: 1994, Current Housing

Reports, issued May 1996, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

54 American Housing Survey for the Milwauk ee Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current Housing

Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

55 American Housing Survey for the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current

Housing Reports, issued November 2000, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

37

# 56 American Housing Survey for the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area: 2007, Current

Housing Reports, issued February 2009, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

57 American Housing Survey for the New Orlean s Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

58 American Housing Survey for the New Orlean s Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Departmentof Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

59 American Housing Survey for the New York-Nassau-Suffolk-Orange Metropolitan Area:

1995, Current Housing Reports, issued Septem ber 1997, U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

60 American Housing Survey for the New York-Nassau-Suffolk-Orange Metropolitan Area:

1999, Current Housing Reports, issued March 2001, U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

61 American Housing Survey for the New York-Nassau-Suffolk-Orange Metropolitan Area:

2003, Current Housing Reports, issued Decembe r 2004, U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

62 American Housing Survey for the Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News Metropolitan

Area: 1998, Current Housing Reports, issu ed November 2000, U.S. Department of

Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

63 American Housing Survey for the Northern New Jersey Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current

Housing Reports, issued September 1997, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

64 American Housing Survey for the Northern New Jersey Metropolitan Area: 1999, Current

Housing Reports, issued March 2001, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

65 American Housing Survey for the Northern New Jersey Metropolitan Area: 2003, Current

Housing Reports, issued December 2004, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

66 American Housing Survey for the Oakla nd Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 2000, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

38

# 67 American Housing Survey for the Oklahom a City Metropolitan Area: 1996, Current

Housing Reports, issued November 1997, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

68 American Housing Survey for the Oklahom a City Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current

Housing Reports, issued October 2005, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

69 American Housing Survey for the Philadelphi a Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

70 American Housing Survey for the Philadelphi a Metropolitan Area: 1999, Current Housing

Reports, issued March 2001, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

71 American Housing Survey for the Philadelphi a Metropolitan Area: 2003, Current Housing

Reports, issued December 2004, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

72 American Housing Survey for the Phoeni x Metropolitan Area: 1994, Current Housing

Reports, issued May 1996, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

73 American Housing Survey for the Phoeni x Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current Housing

Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

74 American Housing Survey for the Pittsbur gh Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

75 American Housing Survey for the Pittsbur gh Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Departmentof Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

76 American Housing Survey for the Portla nd Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

77 American Housing Survey for the Portla nd Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current Housing

Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

39

# 78 American Housing Survey for the Providenc e-Pawtucket-Warwick Metropolitan Area:

1998, Current Housing Reports, issued Novemb er 2000, U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

79 American Housing Survey for the Riverside- San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Area:

1994, Current Housing Reports, issued May 1996, U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

80 American Housing Survey for the Riverside- San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Area:

2002, Current Housing Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

81 American Housing Survey for the Roches ter Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 2000, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

82 American Housing Survey for the Sacramento Metropolitan Area: 1996, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

83 American Housing Survey for the Sacramento Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

84 American Housing Survey for the St. Loui s Metropolitan Area: 1996, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

85 American Housing Survey for the St. Loui s Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

86 American Housing Survey for the Salt Lake City Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current

Housing Reports, issued November 2000, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

87 American Housing Survey for the San Antoni o Metropolitan Area: 1995, Current Housing

Reports, issued September 1997, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

88 American Housing Survey for the San Antoni o Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current Housing

Reports, issued October 2005, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

40

# 89 American Housing Survey for the San Die go Metropolitan Area: 1994, Current Housing

Reports, issued May 1996, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

90 American Housing Survey for the San Die go Metropolitan Area: 2002, Current Housing

Reports, issued July 2003, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

91 American Housing Survey for the San Fr ancisco Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current

Housing Reports, issued November 2000, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

92 American Housing Survey for the San Jose Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 2000, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

93 American Housing Survey for the Seattle- Everett Metropolitan Area: 1996, Current

Housing Reports, issued November 1997, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

94 American Housing Survey for the Seattle- Everett Metropolitan Area: 2004, Current

Housing Reports, issued October 2005, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

95 American Housing Survey for the Tampa-St . Petersburg Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current

Housing Reports, issued November 2000, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

96 American Housing Survey for the Tampa-St . Petersburg Metropolitan Area: 2007, Current

Housing Reports, issued February 2009, U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development and U.S. Department of Commerce.

97 American Housing Survey for the Washingt on Metropolitan Area: 1998, Current Housing

Reports, issued November 2000, U.S. Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development

and U.S. Department of Commerce.

98 American Housing Survey for the Washingt on Metropolitan Area: 2007, Current Housing

Reports, issued February 2009, U.S. Departme nt of Housing and Urban Development and

U.S. Department of Commerce.

99 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, 1993 Residential Energy

Consumption Survey, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/recs2g.html.

100 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, 1997 Residential Energy

Consumption Survey, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/recs97/recs97.html.

41

# 101 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, 2003 Residential Energy

Consumption Survey, http://www.eia.doe.gov/ emeu/recs/recs2001/detail_tables.html.

102 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, 2005 Residential Energy

Consumption Survey,

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/recs2005/ hc2005_tables/detail ed_tables2005.html.

103 Personal Communication, Don Johnson, Director of Market Research, Hearth, Patio and

Barbecue Association, Hearth Industry Appliance Shipments 1999-2008, e-mail dated

January 13, 2010.

104 McGuire Research Services, Inc., Duraflame Sa n Joaquin Valley District Survey, report to

Duraflame Inc. Stockton, CA, 2002.

105 META Information Services, Summary Results , San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution

Control District Baseline Telephone Survey, January 1999, re port to San Joaquin Valley

Unified Air Pollution Control District, 1999.

106 Broderick, D. and Houck, J.E., Results of Wood Burning Survey – Sacramento, San

Joaquin, and San Francisco Areas, University of California Berkeley/California Air

Resources Board – GIS Study, report prep ared for Hearth, Patio, and Barbecue

Association, 2003. (Includes Sacramento, San Joaquin Valley and San Francisco areas.)

107 NFO WorldGroup, HPBA Fireplace and Frees tanding Stove Usage and Attitude Study

2002, report to Hearth, Patio and Barbecue Association, Arlington, VA, 2003.

108 DHM Group, 2004 Consumer Attitude and Usage Survey: Hearth Products, report to

Hearth, Patio and Barbecue Association, Arlington, VA, 2005.

109 TNS Global Market Research, 2006 Fireplace/F reestanding Stove Lifestyle Usage and

Attitude Study, report to Hearth, Patio a nd Barbecue Association, Arlington, VA, 2006.

110 TNS Global Market Research, 2008 Fireplace/F reestanding Stove Lifestyle Usage and

Attitude Study, report to Hearth, Patio a nd Barbecue Association, Arlington, VA, 2008.

111 U.S. Fireplace Fuel Usage, 1994/95 Fall/Winte r Season, Vista Marke ting Research report

to Duraflame Corporation, March 1996, Stockton, CA.

112 Winter 2006-2007 Spare the Air Tonight Study, re port prepared by True North Research,

Inc. for the BAAQMD, March 2007.

113 Clark, J. and Houck, J.E., Puget Sound Indoor Wood-Burning Emission Inventory Survey

Data Review and Evaluation, survey review and analysis by OMNI Environmental

Services, Inc. for the Hearth, Patio a nd Barbecue Association, Arlington, VA, 2009.

42

# 114 Wu, C.Y., Piva, R., Broderick, D.R., Houck, J.E. and Crouch, J. Emissions Inventory

Oriented Residential Wood Combusti on Survey, in Proceedings of 14 th 

# International

Emission Inventory Conferences, “Transformin g Emission Inventories – Meeting Future

Challenges Today,” Las Ve gas, NV, April 11-14, 2005.

115 U.S. Bureau of the Census, Construction Re ports, Series C-20, H ousing Starts 1991-2009.

116 Houck, J.E. and Eagle, B.N. Residentia l Wood Combustion Emission Inventory South

Coast Air Basin and Coachella Valley Porti on of Salton Sea Air Ba sin – 2002 Base Year,

report to South Coast Air Quality Management District and Hearth, Patio and Barbecue

Association, October 2006.

117 Houck, J.E., Mangino, J.E., Brooks, G. and H untley, R.H. Recommended Procedure for

Compiling Emission Inventory National, Region al and County Level Activity Data for

Residential Wood Combustion S ource Category, in proceedings of: U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency Emission Inventory Conference, Denver, CO, 2001.

118 Broderick, D., Houck, J.E., Crouch, J., Gold man, J. Review of Residential Wood

Combustion Data for Mid-Atlantic and New England States, in proceedings of: 14 th



# International Emission Inventory Conferen ce, Transforming Emission Inventories –

Meeting Future Challenges Today, Las Vegas, NV, April 11-14, 2005.

119 Houck, J.E. and Crouch, J. Updated Emissions Data for Revision of AP-42 Section 1.9,

Residential Fireplaces, report prepared fo r Roy H. Huntley, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, December 18, 2002.

120 Muhlbaier, J.L. A Characterization of Emi ssions from Wood-Burning Fireplaces, General

Motors Research Laboratories report GMR-3730, ENV #111, Warren, MI, 1981.

121 Muhlbaier, J.L. A Characterization of Em issions from Wood-Burning Fireplaces, in

Proceedings of 1981 International Conferen ce on Residential Solid Fuels, pp. 164-187,

Environmental Impact Solutions, Portland, OR, 1981.

122 Muhlbaier, J.L. Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from Residential Fireplaces, General

Motors Research Laboratories report GMR-3588, ENV #101, Warren, MI, 1981.

123 Aiken, M. Canadian Firelog Ltd. Emission Testing, report prepared for Canadian Firelog

Ltd., Richmond, BC, prepared by B.C. Res earch, project no. 2-61-666, Vancouver, BC,

1987.

124 Shelton, J. Testing of Sawdus t-wax Firelogs in an Open Fi replace, report to Conros Corp.,

Duraflame Inc., and Pine Mount ain Corp., prepared by Shelt on Research, Inc., Santa Fe,

NM, 1988.

125 Haden, A.C.S. and Braaten, R.W. Reduction of Fireplace and Woodstove Pollutant

Emissions through the Use of Manuf actured Firelogs, Proceedings 84 th 

# Annual Meeting

43

# and Exhibition of the Air and Waste Management Association, paper 91-129.1,

Vancouver, BC, 1991.

126 Bighouse, R.D. and Houck, J.E. Evaluation of Emissions and Energy Efficiencies of

Residential Wood Combustion Devices using Manufactured Fuels, Oregon Department

of Energy, Salem, OR, 1993.

127 Zielinska, B., et al. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study, Final Report to Colorado

State University, Fort Collins, CO, 1998.

128 Bartley, B. and Colwell, G. Glenn Colwell Residence Fireplace S ource Test Report, Bay

Area Air Quality Management District, Report No. 99178, San Francisco, CA, 1999.

129 Houck, J.E. and Scott, A.T. Duraflame Emi ssion Benefits Study, report to Duraflame, Inc.,

prepared by OMNI Environmental Se rvices, Inc., Beaverton, OR, 1999.

130 Houck, J.E. and Scott, A.T. Duraflame Emission Benefits Study, Results of Two

Supplemental Tests, report to Duraflame, Inc., prepared by OMNI Environmental

Services, Inc., Beaverton, OR, 1999.

131 Broderick, D. and Houck, J.E. Environflame Firelog, Emission Test Report prepared for

Wayerhaeuser Company, prepared by OMNI Consulting Services, Inc., Beaverton, OR,

2001.

132 Broderick, D., Houck, J.E., and Crouch, J. Development of a Fireplace Baseline

Particulate Emission Factor Data base, in proceedings of: 14 th 

# International Emission

Inventory Conference, Transforming Emission Inventories – Meeting Future Challenges

Today, Las Vegas, NV, April 11-14, 2005.

133 Snowden, W. D. Source Sampling Reside ntial Fireplaces for Emission Factor

Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-450/3-76-010, 1975.

134 PEDCo-Environmental, Inc. Source Testing for Fireplaces, Stoves, and Restaurant Grills

in Vail, Colorado, report to U.S. Environm ental Protection Agency, contract no. 68-01-

1999, 1977.

135 DeAngelis, D.G., Ruffin, D.S. and Reznik, R.B. Preliminary Characterization of Emissions

from Wood-Fired Residential Combustion E quipment, U.S. Envi ronmental Protection

Agency, EPA-600/7-80-040, 1980.

136 Kosel, P. Emissions from Residential Firepl aces, State of Californi a Air Resources Board,

Stationary Source Control Division, Engin eering Evaluation Branch Report no. C- 80-

027, 1980.

137 Shelton, J.W. and Gay, L. Colorado Fi replace Report, Colorado Air Pollution Control

Division, report prepared by Shelton Research, Inc., Santa Fe, NM, 1987.

44

# 138 Shelton, J. Testing of Sawdust-wax Firelogs in an Open Fireplace, PM10 Standards and

Nontraditional Particulate Source Controls, Volume II, A & WMA Transactions Series,

ISSN 1040-8177: no. 22, Pittsburgh, PA, 1988.

139 Advanced Systems Technology, Inc. Deve lopment of AP-42 Emission Factors for

Residential Fireplaces Apex, North Carolina, EPA contract no. 68D90155, 1990.

140 Shelton, J., Sorensen, D., Stern, C.H. and Jaas ma, D.R. Fireplace Emissions Test Method

Development, report to Wood heating Allia nce and Fireplace Emissions Research

Coalition, prepared by Shelton Research, Inc ., Santa Fe, NM and Virginia Polytechnic

Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 1990.

141 Barnett, S.G. In-home Evaluation of Emissions from Masonry Fireplaces and Heaters,

OMNI Environmental Services, Inc. report to Western States Clay Products Association,

San Mateo, CA, 1991.

142 Hayden, A.C.S. and Braaten, R.W. Reducti on of Fireplace and Woodstove Pollutant

Emissions through the Use of Manufactured Fi relogs, Proceedings 84th Annual Meeting

and Exhibition of the Air and Waste Manage ment Association, Vancouver, BC, paper 91-

129.1, 1991.

143 Jaasma, D.R., Stern, H.S., Champion, M. and Albright, E. Fireplace Emissions Test

Method Refinement and Verification, repor t to Wood Heating A lliance, Virginia

Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, 1991.

144 Stern, C.H. and Jaasma, D.R. Study of Emissi ons from Masonry Fireplaces, report to Brick

Institute of America, Reston, VA, prepared by Virginia Polytechni c Institute and State

University, Blacksburg, VA, 1991.

145 Wood Heating Alliance Fireplace Technical Committee. WHA Fireplace Emissions Test

Method, internal memorandum, 1991.

146 E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. Emission Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 1.9,

Residential Fireplaces, EPA Contract No. 68-D1-0146, 1993.

147 OMNI Environmental Services, Inc. Reports on thirty-six fireplace tests submitted to the

Washington State Department of Ecol ogy pursuant to WAC 51-309-3102 and UBC

Standard 31-2, 1995-2000.

148 Schauer, J.J. Source Contributions to Atmo spheric Compound Concentrations: Emissions

Measurements and Model Predictions, Ph.D . Thesis, California Institute of Technology,

Pasadena California, 1998.

149 Purvis, C.R. and McCrillis, R.C. Fine Part iculate Matter (PM) and Organic Speciation of

Fireplace Emissions, Environmental Sc ience and Technology, v. 34, n. 9, pp. 1653-1658,

2000.

45

# 150 Tiegs, P.E. The Effects of Fireplace Design Features on Emissions, report to the Fireplace

Manufacturer’s Caucus of the Hearth Pr oducts Association, prepared by OMNI-Test

Laboratories, Inc., Beaverton, OR, 2000.

151 Tiegs, P.E. and Houck, J.E. Evaluation of an Emission Testing Protocol for Wood-Burning

Fireplaces and Masonry Heaters, draft repor t to Northern Sonoma County Air Pollution

Control District, 2000.

152 Broderick, D. and Houck, J.E. Andiron Supe r-Grate, Emission Test Report prepared for

California Hot Wood, prepared by OMNI Consulting Services, Inc., Beaverton, OR,

2001.

153 Broderick, D. and Houck, J.E. Emissions from Duraflame Firelogs, report prepared for

Duraflame, Inc., prepared by OMNI Cons ulting Services, Inc ., Beaverton, OR, 2001.

154 Fine, P.M., Cass, G.R. and Simoneit, B.R. Chemical Characterizati on of Fine Particle

Emissions from Fireplace Combustion of Woods Grown in the Northeastern United

States, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 35, No. 13, 2001.

155 Fine, P.M., Cass, G.R. and Simoneit, B.R. Chemical Characterizati on of Fine Particle

Emissions from Fireplace Combustion of W oods Grown in the Southern United States,

Environmental Science & T echnology, Vol. 36, No. 7, 2002.

156 Gullett, B.K., Touati, A. and Hays, M.D. PCDD/F, PCB, HxCBz, and PM Emission

Factors for Fireplace and Woodstove Com bustion in the San Francisco Bay Region,

Environmental Science & T echnology, Vol. 37, No. 9, 2003.

157 Gullett, B.K., Touati, A. and Hays, M.D. Corrections to PCDD/F, PCB, HxCBz, and PM

Emission Factors for Fireplace and Woodstove Combustion in the San Francisco Bay

Region, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 38, No. 13, 2004.

158 Crouch, J. and Houck, J.E. Comment on "PCDD/F, PCB, HxCBz, and PM Emission

Factors for Fireplace and Woodstove Combus tion in the San Francisco Bay Region",

Environmental Science & T echnology, Vol. 38, No. 6, 2004.

159 Fiedler, J.D. Data prepared for the HP BA ASTM fireplace te st protocol, by OMNI

Consulting Services, In c., Beaverton, OR, 2004.

160 Myren, B. Data prepared for the HPBA ASTM fireplace test protocol, by Myren

Consulting, Inc. Colville, WA, 2004.

161 Simons, C.A., Burnet, P.G. and Merrill, R.G. A System to Obtain Time-Integrated

Woodstove Emission Samples, Proceedi ngs of the 1986 EPA/APCA Symposium on

Measurement of Toxic Air Pollutants, EPA Report No. 600/9-86-013, 1986.

46

# 162 Simons, C.A., Christiansen, P.D. and Pritchett, L.C. Woodstove Emission Sampling

Methods Comparability Analysis and In-Situ Evaluation of New Technology

woodstoves, final report to U.S. DOE/BPA, contract ED-AC79-85BP18508, 1988.

163 Freeburn, S.A. and Simons, C.A. An Auto mated System for Residential Sampling of

Woodstove Emissions, presented at AWMA International Speci alty Conference on

Combustion and the Environment, Seattle, Washington, 1989.

164 U.S. EPA. EPA Contract No. 68-D1-0146, Emission Factor Docu mentation for AP-42

Section 1.9, Residential Fireplaces, prepar ed by E.H. Pechan & Associates, 1993.

165 McCrillis, R.C. and Jaasma, D.R. W oodstove Emission Measurement Methods:

Comparison and Emission Factors Update, E nvironmental Monitoring and Assessment,

Vol. 24: 1-12, 1993.

166 Washington State Building Code. Standard Te st Method for Particulate Emissions from

Fireplaces, WAC 51-40-31200, Section 31-2, 2004.

167 Houck, J.E. and Eagle, B.N. Task 6 T echnical Memorandum 4 Control Analysis and

Documentation for Residential Wood Com bustion in the MANE-VU Region, final report

prepared for the Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association, Inc., prepared by

OMNI Environmental Services, Inc., 2006.

168 May, D.M. Residential Fuelwood Consumption and Production in Kansas, report prepared

for United States Department of Agricultur e, Forest Service, Resource Bulletin NC-169,

1994.

169 May, D.M., Settle, J. and Benjamin, T. Residential Fuelwood Consumption and

Production in Indiana, report prepared for United States Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Resource Bulletin NC-188, 1996.

170 May, D.M., Weatherspoon, A.K. and Hackett, R.L. Residential Fuelwood Consumption

and Production in Michigan, report prepar ed for United States Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Resource Bulletin NC-148, 1992.

171 May, D.M. Residential Fuelwood Consump tion and Production in Nebraska, report

prepared for United States Department of Ag riculture, Forest Service, Resource Bulletin

NC-168, 1994.

172 May, D.M. Residential Fuelwood Consumpti on and Production in North Dakota, report

prepared for United States Department of Ag riculture, Forest Service, Resource Bulletin

NC-167, 1994.

173 May, D.M. Residential Fuelwood Consumpti on and Production in South Dakota, report

prepared for United States Department of Ag riculture, Forest Service, Resource Bulletin

NC-171, 1994.

47

# 48 174 May, D.M. Residential Fuelwood Consump tion and Production in Wisconsin, report

prepared for United States Department of Ag riculture, Forest Service, Resource Bulletin

NC-172, 1994.

175 Mouelle, J., et al. Residential Fuelw ood Assessment, State of Minnesota, 2002-2003

Heating Season, report prepared for Minneso ta Department of Natural Resources,

Division of Forestry, 2003.