noaa / NATIONAL OCEANIC AND

ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

National Environmental Satellite,

Data, and Information Service

NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-53

DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS OF JUNEAU AND SOUTHEAST ALASKA:

PROCEDURES, DATA SOURCES AND ANALYSIS 

R.J. Caldwell 

L.A. Taylor

B.W. Eakins

K.S. Carignan

S.V. Collins 

National Geophysical Data Center

Marine Geology and Geophysics Division

Boulder, Colorado

August 2012

UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Rebecca Blank

Acting Secretary

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND

ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

Dr. Jane Lubchenco

Under Secretary for Oceans

and Atmosphere/Administrator

National Environmental Satellite,

Data, and Information Service

Mary E. Kicza

Assistant Administrator

NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-53

DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS OF JUNEAU AND SOUTHEAST ALASKA:

PROCEDURES, DATA SOURCES AND ANALYSIS

R. Jason Caldwell1 

Lisa A. Taylor2

Barry W. Eakins1

Kelly S. Carignan1 

Siobhan V. Collins1

1

Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder

2

NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado 

National Geophysical Data Center

Marine Geology and Geophysics Division 

Boulder, Colorado

August 2012
Caldwell et al., 2012

ii

NOTICE 

Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by the 

NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. Use of information 

from this publication concerning proprietary products or the test of such products for publicity 

or advertising purposes is not authorized. 

Corresponding project contact:

Lisa A. Taylor

NOAA National Geophysical Data Center

Marine Geology and Geophysics Division

325 Broadway, E/GC 3

Boulder, Colorado 80305

Phone: 303-497-6767

Fax: 303-497-6513

E-mail: Lisa.A.Taylor@noaa.gov

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/coastal/

Also available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

(http://www.ntis.gov)
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

iii

Contents

1.Introduction 1

2. Study Area 2

3. Methodology 4

3.1 Data Sources and Processing 6

3.1.1 Shoreline 7

3.1.2 Bathymetry 9

3.1.3 Topography 21

3.2 Establishing Common Datums 24

3.2.1 Vertical datum transformations 24

3.2.2 Horizontal datum transformations 28

3.3 Digital Elevation Model Development 29

3.3.1 Verifying consistency between datasets 29

3.3.2 Smoothing of bathymetric data 29

3.3.3 Building the DEMs using MB-System 31

3.4 Quality Assessment of the DEMs 32

3.4.1 Horizontal accuracy 32

3.4.2 Vertical accuracy 32

3.4.3 Slope map and 3-D perspectives 32

3.4.4 Comparison with National Geodetic Survey geodetic monuments 34

3.4.5 Comparison with a prior NGDC DEM 35

3.4.6 DEM comparison with source data files 36

4. Summary and Conclusions 39

5. Acknowledgments 39

6.References 40

7. Data Processing Software 46

Appendix A. Electronic and Raster Nautical Charts Available in the Southeast Alaska Region 47

Appendix B. NOS Hydrographic Surveys used in Compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs 50

List of Figures

Figure 1. Shaded-relief image of the Southeast Alaska 8 arc-second DEM 1

Figure 2. Photograph of Juneau and Gastineau Channel from the top of the Mount Roberts

Tramway 2

Figure 3. Overview of the Southeast Alaska region 3

Figure 4. Earthquakes in Alaska 3

Figure 5. Comparison of NGDC and UAF DEM extents in the Southeast Alaska region 4

Figure 6. Planned NTHMP DEMs in Southeast Alaska 5

Figure 7. Source and coverage of datasets used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs 6

Figure 8. Digital coastline datasets used in developing the final coastline of the Southeast Alaska

region 7

Figure 9. Coastlines available in the vicinity of Juneau 8

Figure 10. Spatial coverage of the bathymetric datasets used in compiling the Southeast Alaska

DEMs 10

Figure 11. Digital NOS hydrographic survey coverage in the Southeast Alaska region 11

Figure 12. Digital NOS hydrographic survey coverage in the vicinity of Juneau 12

Figure 13. Spatial coverage of USACE hydrographic survey data in the Southeast Alaska region 15

Figure 14. Spatial coverage of USACE hydrographic survey data in the vicinity of Juneau 15

Figure 15. Spatial coverage of ENC soundings in the Southeast Alaska region 16

Figure 16. Spatial coverage of the City of Juneau harbor surveys 19

Figure 17. Spatial coverage of the CHS gridded bathymetry 20

Figure 18. Source and coverage of topographic datasets used in compiling the Southeast Alaska

DEMs 22
Caldwell et al., 2012

iv

Figure 19. NGDC-digitized elevation points in the vicinity of Juneau 23

Figure 20. The MLLW-to-MHHW offset grid used to convert data between vertical datums 27

Figure 21. The MSL-to-MHHW offset grid used to convert data between vertical datums 28

Figure 22. Histogram of the differences between NOS hydrographic surveys and the 8/15 arcsecond pre-surfaced bathymetric grid 30

Figure 23. Histogram of the differences between NGDC multibeam swath sonar surveys and

the 8/15 arc-second pre-surfaced bathymetric grid 30

Figure 24. Slope map of the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM 32

Figure 25. Perspective view from the southwest of the 8 arc-second Southeast Alaska DEM 33

Figure 26. Data contribution plot of the 8 arc-second Southeast Alaska DEM 33

Figure 27. Location of NGS geodetic monuments in the Southeast Alaska region 34

Figure 28. Histogram of the differences between NGS geodetic monument elevations and the

8 arc-second Southeast Alaska DEM 35

Figure 29. Histogram of the differences between the SRTM 1 arc-second topographic DEM

data points and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM 36

Figure 30. Histogram of the differences between the ASTER 1 arc-second DEM data points

and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM 37

Figure 31. Histogram of the differences between the USACE hydrographic survey data points

and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM 37

Figure 32. Histogram of the differences between the ENC sounding data points and the 8/15

arc-second Juneau DEM 38

Figure 33. Histogram of the differences between the NGDC trackline data points and the 8/15

arc-second Juneau DEM 38

List of Tables

Table 1. Specifications for the Southeast Alaska DEMs 4

Table 2. Shoreline datasets used in developing the Southeast Alaska DEMs 7

Table 3. Bathymetric datasets used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs 9

Table 4. NGDC multibeam swath sonar surveys used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs 13

Table 5. USACE hydrographic surveys used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs 14

Table 6. NGDC trackline surveys used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs 17

Table 7. Topographic datasets used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs 21

Table 8. Relationship between MHHW and other vertical datums in the Southeast Alaska region 25

Table 9. Data hierarchy used to assign gridding weight in MB-System 31
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska:

Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis

1. Introduction

In September 2010, the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), an office of the National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), developed three bathymetric–topographic digital elevation models (DEMs) of

Southeast Alaska (Fig. 1). The DEMs were developed for the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP;

http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/) in support of the State of Alaska’s tsunami inundation modeling efforts led by the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks (UAF). The DEMs are nested at 8 arc-second1

, 8/3 arcsecond, and 8/15 arc-second, with the highest resolution grid centered on the harbor at Juneau. The coastal DEMs will

be used as input for the university-developed modeling system to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation (http://www.aeic.alaska.edu/tsunami/). The DEMs were generated from diverse digital datasets in the region

(grid sources shown in Fig. 7) and were designed to represent modern morphology. This report provides a summary

of the data sources and methodology used to develop the Southeast Alaska DEMs.

1. The Southeast Alaska DEMs are built upon a grid of cells that are square in geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude), however, the cells are

not square when converted to projected coordinate systems such as UTM zones (in meters). At the latitude of Juneau, Alaska, (58° 18' 06"N, 134°

25' 11"W) 1 arc-second of latitude is equivalent to 30.94 meters; 1 arc-second of longitude is equivalent to 16.29 meters.

Figure 1. Shaded-relief image 

of the Southeast Alaska 8 arcsecond DEM. Contour interval 

is 1000 meters on land, 400 

meters in water to a depth of 

3000 meters, then 1000 meters 

at depths greater than 3000 

meters. Image is in Mercator 

projection.
Caldwell et al., 2012

2

2. Study Area

The City and Borough of Juneau is located on Gastineau Channel in the panhandle of southeastern Alaska.

Most of the city lies on the mainland of Alaska, though a portion of the city lies on Douglas Island across the channel.

Juneau is situated on a generally flat plain at elevations near sea level with the adjacent mountains of Mount Juneau

and Mount Roberts climbing to over 1000 meters (Fig. 2). Two large glaciers lie to the north of the city: the Mendenhall Glacier and the Lemon Creek Glacier. The population according to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2000 was 30,711.

The 8 arc-second DEM of the region encompasses the communities of Craig, Elfin Cove, Ketchikan, Port Alexander,

Sitka, and Skagway, among others (see Fig. 3).

Southeast Alaska is a historically active earthquake region, which makes the area highly vulnerable to tsunamis (Fig. 4). Earthquakes are of concern in Juneau because of the city’s proximity to large fault systems, as well as the

likelihood of landslides, avalanches and tsunamis resulting from a significant earthquake. Although most of Alaska’s

earthquakes occur in the south-central and southwest regions, southeastern Alaska experiences earthquakes from the

Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault, which runs from northwest to southeast in close proximity to the City of Juneau.

The Fairweather fault system has caused several recent moderate to large earthquakes: a magnitude 8.1 earthquake in

1949, a magnitude 7.9 event in 1958 that triggered the giant landslide-generated wave, a magnitude 7.6 quake in 1972,

and a magnitude 6.8 event in 2004. Because of the steep slopes around Juneau, landslide-induced tsunamis are also

possible if an earthquake triggers a large landslide into the channel (http://www.juneau.org/emergency/Earthquakes.

php).

Figure 2. Photograph of Juneau and Gastineau Channel from the top of the Mount Roberts Tramway. Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/

samglover/. Uploaded July 15, 2008 by author Sam Glover, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

3

Figure 3. Overview of the Southeast Alaska region. Extents of the 8 arc-second (purple), 8/3 arc-second (red), and 8/15 arc-second (green) 

DEMs are shown. Locations of several cities and towns are also displayed. ESRI World 2D imagery is in the background. 

Figure 4.

KOBUK FAULT

1964

KALTAG FAULT

DENALI

CASTLE MTN.

FAULT

TINTINA

FAULT

KIGLUAIKBENDELEBEN

FAULTS

JUNEAU

ANCHORAGE

1965

1986

1957 1957

1946

1938

1964

1979

1972

1949

1948

2.0 in./yr

2.0 in./yr

2.2 in./yr

2.5 in./yr

2.7 in./yr

2.9 in./yr

3.0 in./yr

CANADA

ALASKA

M E G A T H R U S T

P A C I F I C P L A T E

FAULT

QUEEN CHARLOTTE

FAULT

Magnitude 8.1

8/22/1949

Magnitude 8.0

9/10/1899 Magnitude 9.2

3/27/64

Magnitude 8.3

11/10/1938

Magnitude 8.0

5/7/1986

Magnitude 8.6

3/9/57

Magnitude 8.7

2/4/65

FAIRBANKS

The Queen Charlotte–

Fairweather fault presents

the greatest earthquake 

hazard to residents of 

southeast Alaska.

Earthquakes

in Alaska

Earthquakes

in Alaska

6.0 - 6.9

7.0 - 7.9

8.0 - 8.4

8.5 - 8.9

9.0 or larger

Pre-1964 Earthquakes

Post-1964 Earthquakes

Earthquake Magnitude

Earthquake rupture zone

and date of most recent

rupture 

Active and potentially

active faults

KILOMETERS

0 MILES

0 500

300

Earthquake risk is high in much of the southern half of 

Alaska, but it is not the same everywhere. This map 

shows the overall geologic setting in Alaska that 

produces earthquakes. The Pacific plate (darker blue) 

is sliding northwestward past southeastern Alaska and 

then dives beneath the North American plate (light blue, 

green, and brown) in southern Alaska, the Alaska 

Peninsula, and the Aleutian Islands. Most earthquakes 

are produced where these two plates come into contact 

and slide past each other. Major earthquakes also occur 

throughout much of interior Alaska as a result of 

collision of a piece of crust with the southern margin. 

FAIRWEATHER

TRANSITION FAULT

N O R T H A M E R I C A N

P L A T E

BY PETER J. HAEUSSLER AND GEORGE PLAFKER

2003

OPEN FILE REPORT

95-624

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Additional data and references to earthquake, faulting, and seismicity in Alaska can 

be found in Plafker and others (1994), Page and others (1991), and Taber and others 

(1991). The material on this map was modified chiefly from Plafker and others (1994), 

and earthquake epicenters were from the Alaska Earthquake Information Center, and 

cover the interval from 1899-2003. The location of earthquake epicenters and faults is 

approximate. 

Plafker, G., Gilpin, L.M., and Lahr, J.C., 1994, Neotectonic map of Alaska: in Plafker, G., and 

Berg, H.C., eds., The Geology of Alaska: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of 

America, Decade of North American Geology Volume G-1, 1 sheet, scale: 1:2,500,000.

Page, R.A., Biswas, N.N., Lahr, J.C., and Pulpan, H., 1991, Seismicity of continental Alaska: 

in Slemmons, D.B., Engdahl, E.R., Zoback, M.D., and Blackwell, D.D., eds., Neotectonics 

of North America: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Decade Map 

Volume 1.

Taber J.J., Billington, S., and Engdahl, E.R., 1991, Seismicity of the Aleutian arc: in Slemmons, D.B., Engdahl, E.R., Zoback, M.D., and Blackwell, D.D., eds., Neotectonics of North 

America: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Decade Map Volume 1. 

This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed 

for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or the North American Stratigraphic 

Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is 

for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government.

1987

1988

A L E U T I A N

N O R T H A M E R I C A N

P L A T E

The Denali fault generated a 

magnitude 7.9 earthquake in 

2002. This part of the fault 

ruptured, with horizontal 

offset of up to 29 feet.

A fault beneath a fold in 

Cook Inlet resulted in a 

magnitude 7 earthquake 

in 1933 that strongly 

shook Anchorage.

These arrows show the

speed and direction at

which the Pacific plate

moves by and underneath Alaska.

Magnitude 7.9

11/3/2002

The 1964 earthquake 

was the second largest 

ever recorded in the 

world. The area within 

this pink patch slipped 

seaward up to 66 feet. 

1958

FAULT

VERSION 1.1

This piece of crust is being 

pushed into and beneath the 

southern Alaska margin. As a 

result it causes large 

earthquakes here and 

throughout interior Alaska.

Three magnitude 7 

earthquakes occurred within 

50 miles of Fairbanks in the 

last 90 years.

Earthquakes in Alaska. Sources: http://www.aeic.alaska.edu/html_docs/pdf_files/earthquakes_in_Alaska.pg.pdf; http://geopubs.

wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of95-624/.
Caldwell et al., 2012

4

3. Methodology

The Southeast Alaska DEMs were developed in the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) geographic horizontal datum and Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) vertical datum in vertical units of meters. The final grid format

for each of the DEMs is netCDF. The Southeast Alaska DEMs were also developed to meet the specifications listed in

Table 1. The best available bathymetric and topographic digital data were obtained by NGDC and shifted to common

horizontal and vertical datums: North American Datum of 19832 (NAD 83) and MHHW, for modeling of maximum

flooding, respectively.

Table 1. Specifications for the Southeast Alaska DEMs. 

Grid Area Southeast Alaska Juneau

Coverage Area 138.21o to 129.19o W;

54.19o to 60.01o N

137.51o to 129.49o W;

54.59o to 59.61o N

135.23o to 133.91o W;

58.03o to 58.91o N

Grid Spacing 8 arc-seconds 8/3 arc-second 8/15 arc-second

Coordinate System Geographic decimal degrees

Horizontal Datum World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84)

Vertical Datum Mean Higher High Water (MHHW)

Vertical Units Meters

Grid Format netCDF

NGDC developed the DEMs at extents larger than currently required by UAF (Fig. 5). As part of NTHMP,

UAF will require additional DEMs in Southeast Alaska (Fig. 6). By developing the 8 and 8/3 arc-second DEMs at a

larger spatial extent, subsequent 8/15 arc-second DEMs within the region should only require the collection of newer

or updated bathymetric and topographic datasets.

Figure 5. Comparison of NGDC and UAF DEM extents in the Southeast Alaska region. Coastline shown in grey; land areas in tan.

2. The horizontal difference between the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) and World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS 84) geographic

horizontal datums is approximately one meter across the contiguous U.S., which is significantly less than the cell size of the DEMs. Most GIS

applications treat the two datums as identical, so do not actually transform data between them, and the error introduced by not converting between

the datums is insignificant for our purposes. NAD 83 is restricted to North America, while WGS 84 is a global datum. As tsunamis may originate

most anywhere around the world, tsunami modelers require a global datum, such as WGS 84 geographic, for their DEMs so that they can model

the wave’s passage across ocean basins. These DEMs are identified as having a WGS 84 geographic horizontal datum even though the underlying

elevation data were typically transformed to NAD 83 geographic. At the scale of the DEMs, WGS 84 and NAD 83 geographic are identical and

may be used interchangeably.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

5

Figure 6. Planned NTHMP DEMs in Southeast Alaska. Priority levels are unofficial. Yakutat DEM completed in 2009. Graphic courtesy of UAF.
Caldwell et al., 2012

6

1.1 Data Sources and Processing

Shoreline, bathymetric, and topographic digital datasets (Fig. 7) were obtained from several U.S. federal

and local agencies, and Canada, including: NGDC; NOAA’s National Ocean Service (NOS), Office of Coast Survey

(OCS); the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); the U.S. Forestry Service (USFS); the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA);

the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS); and the City of Juneau. Safe Software’s Feature Manipulation Engine 

(FME)

3 data translation tool package and Proj44 were used to shift datasets to NAD 83 geographic horizontal datum.

FME, GDAL5, and OGR6 were used to convert the datasets into ESRI ArcGIS shapefiles and xyz format. The shapefiles

and xyz files were then displayed with ArcGIS and Applied Imagery’s Quick Terrain Modeler (QT Modeler) to assess

data quality and manually edit datasets. The methodology used for vertical datum transformations is described in Section 3.2.1. QT Modeler and Interactive Visualization System’s Fledermaus software were used to evaluate processing

and gridding techniques.

Figure 7. Source and coverage of datasets used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs. Extents of the 8 arc-second (purple), 8/3 arc-second 

(red), and 8/15 arc-second (green) DEMs are shown.

3. FME uses the North American Datum Conversion Utility (NADCON; http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/Nadcon/Nadcon.shtml) developed by

NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey (NGS) to convert data from NAD 27 to NAD 83. NADCON is the U.S. Federal Standard for NAD 27 to NAD

83 datum transformations.

4. Proj4 is a cartographic projections library, originally written by Gerald Evenden, then of the USGS. The software is released under an MIT style

Open Source license. Proj4 was used to horizontally transform datasets that originated in State Plane datums before vertical transformations were

performed .

5. GDAL is a translator library for raster geospatial data formats that is released under an X/MIT style Open Source license by the Open Source

Geospatial Foundation. As a library, it presents a single abstract data model to the calling application for all supported formats. It also comes with

a variety of useful command-line utilities for data translation and processing.

6. The OGR Simple Features Library is a C++ open source library and command-line tools providing read and write access to a variety of vector

file formats, including ESRI shapefiles. OGR is a part of the GDAL library.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

7

1.1.1 Shoreline

Two coastline datasets of the Southeast Alaska region were analyzed for inclusion in the Southeast Alaska

DEMs: NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs)7 and the USFWS statewide Alaska digital coastline (Table 2;

Fig. 8). The USFWS coastline best fit the topographic and bathymetric data overall and was merged with higher resolution (e.g., at least 1:80,000 scale) ENC coastlines only within the 8/15 arc-second extents to improve representation

of the coastline in the immediate vicinity of the City of Juneau (Fig. 9). These datasets were used to develop a “final

coastline” of the Southeast Alaska region (see Fig. 7).

The final coastline was subsequently modified to include large offshore rocks and small islets shown on

the larger-scale NOAA raster nautical charts (RNCs) and clipped to 0.05 degrees larger than the 8 arc-second DEM

boundary. Piers and docks were deleted from the coastline. The coastline was further modified based on ESRI World 

2D imagery to reflect the most current coastal morphology, particularly within the 8/15 arc-second extents.

Table 2. Shoreline datasets used in developing the Southeast Alaska DEMs.

Source Year Data Type Spatial 

Resolution

Original Horizontal Datum/

Coordinate System

Original Vertical 

Datum URL

OCS 2009 ENC 1:20,000 to

1:80,000 WGS 84 geographic MHW http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/mcd/enc/index.htm

USFWS 2006 Compiled

coastline 1:63,360 WGS 84 geographic Undefined ftp://ftp.dnr.state.ak.us/asgdc/

adnr/alaska_63360.zip

Figure 8. Digital coastline datasets used in developing the final coastline of the Southeast Alaska region. Land areas shown in gray. Water areas 

shown in white. Extents of the 8 arc-second (purple), 8/3 arc-second (red), and 8/15 arc-second (green) DEMs are also shown.

7. The Office of Coast Survey (OCS) produces NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts (NOAA ENC®) to support the marine transportation

infrastructure and coastal management. NOAA ENCs® are in the International Hydrographic Office (IHO) S-57 international exchange format,

comply with the IHO ENC Product Specification and are provided with incremental updates, which supply Notice to Mariners corrections and

other critical changes. NOAA ENCs® are available for free download on the OCS web site. [Extracted from NOAA OCS web site: http://www.

nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/mcd/enc/index.htm]
Caldwell et al., 2012

8

Figure 9. Coastlines available in the vicinity of Juneau. Extent of the 8/15 arc-second DEM in green. ESRI World 2D imagery shown in the 

background. 

1) Office of Coast Survey extracted Electronic Navigational Chart coastlines

Thirty-seven ENCs were available in the Southeast Alaska region (Appendix A) and were downloaded

from NOAA’s Office of Coast Survey web site. The ENCs were in S-57 format and included coastline data

referenced to MHW. The coastline shapefiles were extracted from the ENCs using ArcCatalog and compared

to large-scale RNCs and ESRI’s World 2D imagery. Only the ENCs with 1:80,000 scale or higher that were

within the 8/15 arc-second DEM boundary were used (Fig. 9). These two ENCs, #17315 and #17316, provided improved representation in the region immediately surrounding the City of Juneau, including portions

of the Gastineau Channel and Douglas Island.

2) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service vector coastline

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has compiled a seamless digital coastline of the State

of Alaska from a variety of sources, including: the National Hydrography Dataset, NOAA nautical charts,

USFWS, National Geographic Topo Software, USACE, and Alaska Department of Natural Resources. This

dataset was graciously provided by Bret Christensen, USFWS. Though efforts were made to obtain the highest resolution coastlines available, vertical datums were not determined or controlled in the compilation of

the USFWS coastline; the horizontal datum is WGS 84 geographic. The USFWS coastline provides complete

coverage of the Southeast Alaska region.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

9

1.1.2 Bathymetry

Bathymetric datasets available for use in the compilation of the Southeast Alaska DEMs include 749 NOS

hydrographic surveys; 19 multibeam surveys downloaded from the NGDC multibeam database; 26 hydrographic

surveys from USACE; 53 NGDC trackline surveys; 2 harbor surveys from the City and Borough of Juneau; a gridded

bathymetric dataset from the Canadian Hydrographic Service; and soundings extracted from ENCs. (Table 3; Fig. 10).

Table 3. Bathymetric datasets used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs.

Source Year Data Type Spatial Resolution

Downloaded 

Horizontal Datum/

Coordinate System

Original 

Vertical 

Datum

URL

NGDC

1883

to

2009

NOS

hydrographic

surveys

Ranges from less than 10 m

to 600 m (varies with scale

of survey, depth, traffic, and

probability of obstructions)

NAD 83 geographic MLW and

MLLW

http://www.ngdc.noaa.

gov/mgg/bathymetry/

hydro.html

NGDC

1994

to

2009

Multibeam

swath sonar Gridded to 3 arc-seconds WGS 84 geographic

Assumed

Mean

Sea Level

(MSL)

http://www.ngdc.noaa.

gov/mgg/bathymetry/

multibeam.html

USACE

1999

to

2008

Hydrographic

surveys

Ranges from less than 10 m

to over 100 meters (varies

with scale of survey, depth,

traffic, and probability of

obstructions)

NAD 83 Alaska State

Plane Zone I

(US survey feet)

MLLW

(feet)

http://www.poa.usace.

army.mil/en/hydro/

NGDC

1959

to

1999

Trackline

surveys

Ranges from several meters

to several kilometers (varies

with scale of survey, depth,

traffic, and probability of

obstructions)

WGS 84 geographic Assumed

MSL

http://www.ngdc.noaa.

gov/mgg/geodas/trackline.html

City of

Juneau 2010 Harbor survey Ranges from several metersto several tens of meters

NAD 83 Alaska State

Plane Zone I

(US survey feet)

MLLW

(feet)

http://www.juneau.lib.

ak.us/harbors/

CHS

2001

and

2010

Gridded

bathymetry

point data

~ 500 meters

NAD 83 Albers Conical

Equal Area - British

Columbia

Assumed

MSL http://chs-shc.gc.ca/

OCS

1977

to

2009

ENC extracted

soundings

Ranges from several meters

to several kilometers (varies

with scale of survey, depth,

traffic, and probability of

obstructions)

WGS 84 geographic MLLW

http://w1.nauticalcharts.

noaa.gov/staff/chartspubs.html
Caldwell et al., 2012

10

Figure 10. Spatial coverage of the bathymetric datasets used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs. Land areas shown in tan. Regions of no 

data shown in white. Extents of the 8 arc-second (purple), 8/3 arc-second (red), and 8/15 arc-second (green) DEMs are also shown.

1) National Ocean Service hydrographic survey data

A total of 749 NOS hydrographic surveys conducted between 1883 and 2009 were available for use

in developing the Southeast Alaska DEMs (Appendix B; Figs. 11 and 12). Surveys were extracted from

NGDC’s online NOS hydrographic database using GEODAS8. The surveys were downloaded in xyz (656

surveys), ASCII grid (9 surveys), or bathymetric attributed grid (BAG; 84 surveys) format. The downloaded

hydrographic survey data were vertically referenced to mean lower low water (MLLW) or mean low water

(MLW) and horizontally referenced to NAD 27 or NAD 83 geographic, NAD 83 UTM Zone 8, NAD 83

UTM Zone 9, Early Alaska, or “undetermined” datums. NOS surveys in Early Alaska or “undetermined”

datums were manually shifted in ArcGIS to fit the final coastline.

Data point spacing for the NOS surveys varied by scale. In general, small scale surveys had greater point

spacing than large scale surveys. The data were converted to shapefiles using Python scripting and GDAL.

The surveys were subsequently clipped to a polygon 0.05 degree (~5%) larger than the Southeast Alaska

DEM area to support data interpolation along grid edges.

After converting all NOS survey data to MHHW (see Sec. 3.2.1), the data were displayed in ESRI ArcMap and reviewed for digitizing errors against scanned original survey smooth sheets and edited as necessary. The surveys were also compared to other bathymetric datasets, the final coastline, and NOS RNCs (see

Appendix A). Older surveys were clipped to remove soundings that have been superseded by more recent

NOS surveys, USACE surveys, and multibeam data.

8. GEODAS uses the North American Datum Conversion Utility (NADCON; http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/Nadcon/Nadcon.shtml) developed

by NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey (NGS) to convert hydrographic survey data from NAD 27 to NAD 83. NADCON is the U.S. Federal

Standard for NAD 27 to NAD 83 datum transformations.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

11

Figure 11. Digital NOS hydrographic survey coverage in the Southeast Alaska region. Several older surveys were not used as they have been 

superseded by more recent surveys. Land areas shown in tan. Regions where NOS data were not available are shown in white. Extents of the 8 

arc-second (purple), 8/3 arc-second (red), and 8/15 arc-second (green) DEMs are also shown.
Caldwell et al., 2012

12

Figure 12. Digital NOS hydrographic survey coverage in the vicinity of Juneau. Several older surveys were not used as they have been 

superseded by more recent surveys. Land areas shown in tan. Regions where NOS data were not available are shown in white. Extent of the 8/15 

arc-second (green) DEM is also shown.

2) NGDC multibeam swath sonar surveys

Nineteen multibeam swath sonar surveys were available from the NGDC multibeam bathymetry database for use in building the Southeast Alaska DEMs (Table 4; see Fig. 7). The data were referenced to WGS

84 geographic horizontal datum and were assumed to be referenced to MSL vertical datum. The data were

gridded at 3 arc-seconds at extents approximately 5 percent (~0.10 degree) larger than the 8 arc-second DEM

extents using MB-System9 (http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/MB-System/). The grids were converted to

xyz format and viewed in QT Modeler for quality analysis. Multibeam survey KM0514 contained inconsistencies along the swath edges in deep water (> 2000 meters); therefore, this survey was gridded at 24

arc-seconds to smooth the surface and provide data in a region of limited data availability. Editing was done

using QT Modeler and ArcMap to eliminate errors where survey data overlapped. The elevations were then

transformed from MSL to MHHW (see Sec. 3.2.1) for use in the final gridding process.

9. MB-System is an open source software package for the processing and display of bathymetry and backscatter imagery data derived from

multibeam, interferometry, and sidescan sonars. The source code for MB-System is freely available (for free) by anonymous ftp (including “point

and click” access through these web pages). A complete description is provided in web pages accessed through the web site. MB-System was

originally developed at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University (LDEO) and is now a collaborative effort between the

Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) and LDEO. The National Science Foundation has provided the primary support for MBSystem development since 1993. The Packard Foundation has provided significant support through MBARI since 1998. Additional support has

derived from SeaBeam Instruments (1994-1997), NOAA (2002-2004), and others. URL: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/MB-System/

[Extracted from MB-System web site.]
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

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Table 4. NGDC multibeam swath sonar surveys used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs.

Survey ID Year Collecting Institution Ship

AT03L37 1999 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Atlantis

AT11L15 2004 WHOI Atlantis

EW0408 2004 Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) Maurice Ewing

EW9413 1994 LDEO Maurice Ewing

HLY04TG* 2004 United States Coast Guard (USCG) USCGC Healy

HLY04TH* 2004 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY06TI 2006 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY06TJ 2006 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY07TH 2007 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY07TI 2007 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY08TC 2008 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY08TD 2008 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY08TG 2008 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY08TI 2008 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY09TB 2009 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY09TC 2009 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY09TD 2009 USCG USCGC Healy

HLY09TE 2009 USCG USCGC Healy

KM0514 2005 LDEO Kilo Moana

LWAD99MV 1999 SIO Melville

NBP0206A 2002 LDEO Nathaniel B. Palmer

NPAL98MV 1998 SIO Melville

NV9704MV 1997 SIO Melville

OXMZ01MV 1999 SIO Melville

REVT01RR 1996 SIO Roger Revelle

WEST15MV 1995 SIO Melville

* indicates data were not used due to poor quality or overlapped by more recent survey
Caldwell et al., 2012

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3) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers hydrographic surveys

Forty-two channel line survey datasets in xyz format were downloaded from the USACE Alaska District

web site (Table 5; Fig. 13). The surveys were horizontally referenced to NAD 83 Alaska State Plane Zone

I (U.S. survey feet) and vertically referenced to MLLW (U.S. survey feet). Each survey was transformed to

NAD 83 geographic using Proj4 and transformed to MHHW using the method described in Section 3.2.1.

Older surveys were clipped to remove soundings that have been superseded by more recent NOS, multibeam,

or USACE surveys (e.g., Fig. 14).

Table 5. USACE hydrographic surveys used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs.

Survey Name Year

Aurora Harbor 2002, 2005

Craig South Cove Harbor 2003, 2007

Douglas 2000, 2003

Dry Pass 2005

Elfin Cove Navigation Channel 2003, 2007

Haines Harbor 2000, 2008

Harris Harbor 2002, 2005

Hoonah 2002

Kake Harbor * 2000

Ketchikan 2001, 2007

Metlakatla 2007

Mountain Point * 1998

Metlakatla New Harbor 2003

Metlakatla Old Harbor * 2003

Pelican 2003, 2007

Petersburg North Harbor 2003, 2008

Port Alexander 1999, 2005

Rocky Pass 2001, 2007

Sergius Whitestone 2001, 2005

Sitka Channel Rock Breakwaters 2001, 2005, 2008

Sitka Crescent Bay Harbor 2005

Sitka Western Channel 2001

Skagway 2000, 2008

Wrangell Harbor 2007

Wrangell Narrows 2003, 2008

Wrangell * 2001

* indicates no xyz file available - only graphical depictions of survey region were downloaded.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

15

Figure 13. Spatial coverage of USACE hydrographic survey data in the Southeast Alaska region. Land areas shown in tan. Extents of the 8 arcsecond (purple), 8/3 arc-second (red), and 8/15 arc-second (green) DEMs are also shown.

Figure 14. Spatial coverage of USACE hydrographic survey data in the vicinity of Juneau. ESRI World 2D Imagery shown in the background.
Caldwell et al., 2012

16

4) Electronic navigation chart soundings

Soundings from thirty-seven ENCs were used to supplement other bathymetric data, particularly in the

deep water (Fig. 15; Appendix A). The ENCs were downloaded from NOAA’s Office of Coast Survey web

site and were horizontally referenced to NAD 83 geographic. ENC soundings were included in the gridding

process only in regions where higher resolution and/or newer datasets were unavailable. The extracted soundings were transformed from a vertical datum of MLLW to MHHW (see Section 3.2.1).

Figure 15. Spatial coverage of ENC soundings in the Southeast Alaska region. Land areas shown in tan. Extents of the 8 arc-second (purple), 8/3 

arc-second (red), and 8/15 arc-second (green) DEMs are also shown.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

17

5) Trackline data files

Fifty-three trackline surveys (Table 6) were available from the NGDC trackline survey database for use

in building the Southeast Alaska DEMs. The Marine Trackline Geophysics database contains bathymetry,

magnetics, gravity, and seismic navigation data collected during marine cruises from 1953 to the present.

All surveys have a horizontal datum of WGS 84 geographic and undefined vertical datum, assumed to be

MSL. The downloaded data in xyz format were converted to shapefiles and transformed to MHHW using the

method described in Section 3.2.1. Trackline survey data were used to supplement other bathymetric data,

particularly in the deep water, where limited data existed. 

Table 6. NGDC trackline surveys used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs.

Survey ID Source Year

17473 Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) 1970

26180 DMA 1980

26684 DMA 1984

66008 Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) 1966

67016 GSC 1967

76810 GSC 1976

78110 GSC 1978

81910 GSC 1981

82110 GSC 1982

ACO65SEP Oregon State University (OSU) 1965

AT3L37 WHOI 1999

BA933001 US Navy 1972

DSDP18GC SIO 1971

FARN0789 Natural Environment Research Council 1989

FOCI93 NOS 1993

G175EG USGS 1975

G178EG USGS Branch of Pacific Marine Geology (BPMG) 1978

L378EG USGS BPMG 1978

L476WG USGS BPMG 1976

L677EG USGS 1977

LSSALE55 Minerals Management Service 1979

N180EG USGS BPMG 1980

N184EG USGS BPMG 1984

PGCP7910 GSC 1979

PGCPZ802 GSC 1980

PGCPZ811 GSC 1981
Caldwell et al., 2012

18

Survey ID Source Year

POL6402 NOAA 1964

POL6769 NOAA 1967

POL6971 NOAA 1969

POL6991 NOAA 1969

POL7001 NOS 1970

POL7103 NOAA 1971

POL7106 NOAA 1971

PZ72000 CHS 1972

RC1109 LDEO 1967

RC1407 LDEO 1971

RITS93C NOS 1993

S1179EG USGS BPMG 1979

S176EG USGS BPMG 1976

S277EG USGS BPMG 1977

S578EG USGS BPMG 1978

S678EG USGS BPMG 1978

S679NP USGS BPMG 1979

SI933001 US Navy 1972

VIT29A Vernadsky Institute for Geochemistry 1959

YAQ65JUL OSU 1965

YAQ66JUL OSU 1966

YAQ67AUG OSU 1967

YAQ68SEP OSU 1968

YAQ702 OSU 1970

YAQ703 OSU 1970

YAQ704 OSU 1970

YAQ705 OSU 1970
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

19

6) City of Juneau Harbor Surveys

Two harbor surveys were available from the City of Juneau Harbor Commission for use in building the

Southeast Alaska DEMs (Fig. 16). The surveys were conducted in 2010 by R & M Engineering for improvement project plans of the Cruise Ship Docking Facility and the Steamship Docking Facility. The data include

depths to approximately 100 feet and were provided to NGDC by Port Engineer Gary Gillette with the City

of Juneau. The original horizontal and vertical datums were NAD 83 Alaska State Plane Zone I (feet) and

MLLW, respectively. Horizontal datum conversions were accomplished using Proj4; vertical transformations

were performed using the method described in Section 3.2.1.

Figure 16. Spatial coverage of the City of Juneau harbor surveys. Land areas shown in tan. Coastline in grey.
Caldwell et al., 2012

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7) Canadian Hydrographic Service gridded bathymetry

The CHS provided NGDC with gridded bathymetric data from Canadian hydrographic surveys that

included regions in the southern portions of the Southeast Alaska 8 and 8/3 arc-second DEMs (Fig. 17). The

gridded bathymetry data were provided to NGDC in point shapefile format at a resolution of 500 meters. The

shapefile was converted to xyz format and clipped in regions of newer and higher resolution datasets using

GDAL and OGR. The data were originally in NAD 83 Albers Conical Equal Area - British Columbia horizontal datum and undefined vertical datum, assumed to be MSL.

Figure 17. Spatial coverage of the CHS gridded bathymetry. Land areas shown in tan. Coastline in grey. Extents of the 8 arc-second (purple), 8/3 

arc-second (red), and 8/15 arc-second (green) DEMs are also shown.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

21

1.1.3 Topography

Topographic datasets of the Southeast Alaska region were obtained from the USGS and the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Table 7; Fig. 18). In addition, NGDC digitized elevation points to better represent several breakwaters, jetties, and bridge pilings along Gastineau Channel in the vicinity of Juneau as they were not resolved completely

in the other topographic datasets.

NGDC reviewed the USGS National Elevation Dataset (http://ned.usgs.gov/) 2 arc-second gridded topography. The dataset was derived from USGS quadrangle maps and aerial photographs based on topographic surveys

conducted in the 1970s and 1980s. The NED data were not used in the development of the Southeast Alaska DEMs

due to: morphological changes in regions of rapid deglaciation across Alaska; lateral shifts in the NED discovered

during prior DEM development in Alaska (see Caldwell et al., 2011 for further details); and lower resolution than other

available topographic datasets.

NGDC also received topographic lidar from the U.S. Forestry Service in Juneau; however, these data were

of high resolution over extremely small regions and greatly degraded the continuity of the topographic surfaces in the

DEM. There was a single lidar survey within the 8/15 arc-second Juneau extents in the vicinity of the Mendenhall

Glacier, well-displaced from the coast. While not used in the development of the current Southeast Alaska DEMs,

the data may prove extremely useful in future high-resolution DEMs in the Southeast Alaska region. The data were

provided to NGDC by Mark Riley of the USFS.

Table 7. Topographic datasets used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs.

Source Year Data Type Spatial 

Resolution

Original 

Horizontal Datum

Original Vertical 

Datum URL

NASA

SRTM 2000 TopographicDEM 1 arc-second WGS 84geographic

WGS 84/ EGM 96

Geoid (meters) http://srtm.usgs.gov/

NASA

ASTER 2009 TopographicDEM 1 arc-second WGS 84geographic

WGS 84/ EGM 96

Geoid (meters) http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/

NGDC 2009 Digitized

elevation points ~ 10 meters WGS 84geographic MHHW
Caldwell et al., 2012

22

Figure 18. Source and coverage of topographic datasets used in compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs. Light green areas (ASTER) within the 

darker green areas (SRTM) indicate ‘no data’ values in the SRTM. Extents of the 8 arc-second (purple), 8/3 arc-second (red), and 8/15 arcsecond (green) DEMs are also shown. Areas of water indicated in white.

1) NASA space shuttle radar topography

The NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) obtained elevation data on a near-global scale

(60° S to 60° N) to generate a complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth10. The SRTM

consisted of a specially modified radar system that flew onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour during an

11-day mission in February of 2000. Data from this mission have been processed into 1 degree × 1 degree

tiles that have been edited to define the coastline, and are available from the USGS as raster DEMs. The data

have not been processed to bare earth, but meet the absolute horizontal and vertical accuracies of 20 and 16

meters, respectively.

For the Southeast Alaska region, the data have 1 arc-second spacing and are referenced to the WGS 84/

EGM 96 Geoid. The SRTM provides nearly complete coverage of Prince William Sound but exhibits numerous small areas with “no data” values necessitating the use of the ASTER data in these areas (see Fig. 18).

The SRTM DEM also contains values over the open ocean, which were deleted by clipping the data to the

final coastline.

10. The SRTM data sets result from a collaborative effort by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA – previously known as the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, or NIMA), as well as the participation of the

German and Italian space agencies, to generate a near-global digital elevation model (DEM) of the Earth using radar interferometry. The SRTM

instrument consisted of the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) hardware set modified with a Space Station-derived mast and additional antennae

to form an interferometer with a 60 meter long baseline. A description of the SRTM mission can be found in Farr and Kobrick (2000). Synthetic

aperture radars are side-looking instruments and acquire data along continuous swaths. The SRTM swaths extended from about 30 degrees off-nadir

to about 58 degrees off-nadir from an altitude of 233 km, and thus were about 225 km wide. During the data flight the instrument was operated at

all times the orbiter was over land and about 1000 individual swaths were acquired over the ten days of mapping operations. Length of the acquired

swaths range from a few hundred to several thousand km. Each individual data acquisition is referred to as a “data take.” SRTM was the primary

(and pretty much only) payload on the STS-99 mission of the Space Shuttle Endeavour, which launched February 11, 2000 and flew for 11 days.

Following several hours for instrument deployment, activation and checkout, systematic interferometric data were collected for 222.4 consecutive

hours. The instrument operated almost flawlessly and imaged 99.96% of the targeted landmass at least one time, 94.59% at least twice and about

50% at least three or more times. The goal was to image each terrain segment at least twice from different angles (on ascending, or north-going, and

descending orbit passes) to fill in areas shadowed from the radar beam by terrain. This ‘targeted landmass’ consisted of all land between 56 degrees

south and 60 degrees north latitude, which comprises almost exactly 80% of Earth’s total landmass. [Extracted from SRTM online documentation]
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

23

2) NASA ASTER topography

ASTER provides complete 1 arc-second topographic data coverage of Alaska11. Data are in WGS 84

geographic coordinates and vertically referenced to the WGS 84/EGM 96 Geoid. The dataset is available for

download as 1 degree x 1 degree raster files. The extracted non-bare-earth elevations have a vertical accuracy

of +/- 20 meters and horizontal accuracy of +/- 30 meters, both at the 95 percent confidence level.

The ASTER data contain values over the open ocean, which were deleted by clipping the data to the final

coastline. As discussed, the ASTER data was used to fill “no data” regions within the SRTM dataset (see Fig.

18). The ASTER data were not used as the primary topographic dataset due to the improper representation

of areas along the immediate coastline. NGDC considered the SRTM to be most representative of the current

coastal morphology, particularly in the immediate vicinity of Juneau.

Figure 19. NGDC-digitized elevation points in the vicinity of Juneau. Breakwaters, bridge supports, and control points were digitized at 1 meter 

elevation. Background image is from ESRI World 2D Imagery.

3) NGDC-digitized elevation points

Several jetties, breakwaters, and large bridge pilings were not resolved completely in the topographic

datasets. Using the nearby elevations from SRTM and ASTER, a point shapefile was created using elevations

of 1 or 1.5 meters at MHHW to best represent these features in the final DEMs (e.g., Fig. 19).

11. ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) is an imaging instrument flying on Terra, a satellite launched in

December 1999 as part of NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS). ASTER is a cooperative effort between NASA, Japan’s Ministry of Economy,

Trade and Industry (METI) and Japan’s Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center (ERSDAC). ASTER is being used to obtain detailed maps of

land surface temperature, reflectance and elevation. The three EOS platforms are part of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate and the Earth-Sun

System, whose goal is to observe, understand, and model the Earth system to discover how it is changing, to better predict change, and to understand

the consequences for life on Earth. METI and NASA announced the release of the ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) on June 29,

2009. The GDEM was created by stereo-correlating the 1.3 million scene ASTER visible and near-infrared (VNIR) archive, covering the Earth’s

land surface between 83 N and 83 S latitudes. The GDEM is produced with 30 meter postings, and is formatted in 1 x 1 degree tiles as GeoTIFF

files. Each GDEM file is accompanied by a Quality Assessment file, either giving the number of ASTER scenes used to calculate a pixel’s value, or

indicating the source of external DEM data used to fill the ASTER voids [Extracted from NASA JPL ASTER web site]
Caldwell et al., 2012

24

1.2 Establishing Common Datums

1.2.1 Vertical datum transformations

Datasets used in the compilation and evaluation of the Southeast Alaska DEMs were originally referenced to

a number of vertical datums including MLLW (feet and meters), MLW, MSL, MHW, WGS 84/EGM 96 Geoid, and

undefined (assumed to be MSL). All datasets were transformed to MHHW for modeling of maximum flooding. Vertical datum transformations to MHHW were accomplished using FME and GDAL, based upon data from tide stations,

a DART buoy, and dominant tidal components (Brown et al., 1989) in the region.

NGDC created two offset grids approximating the relationship between MHHW and MLLW, and MHHW

and MSL for the Southeast Alaska region. The grids were built in ArcGIS using the ‘Kriging’tool and the differences,

in meters, between the vertical datums as measured at 8 NOAA tide stations (http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/), 10

tide prediction sites (http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/tides05/tab2wc2b.html), one deep-ocean DART buoy (http://www.

ndbc.noaa.gov/dart.shtml), and 74 CHS tide stations (Table 8; Figs. 20 and 21). In addition, NGDC digitized 44 control points along the grid edges to constrain the interpolation. The differences in vertical datums at the control points

were assigned using the available tide stations, DART buoy, and a diagram of the dominant semi-diurnal lunar tidal

component (see page 55, Fig. 2.9 from Brown et al., 1989). In using the differences between the vertical datums, the

final offsets grids contained negative values (Figs. 20 and 21). The offset grids span from ~143.81o W to ~128.12o W

and ~51.00o N to ~61.50o N with a grid cell size of 8 arc-seconds or 0.00222222 degrees.

1) Bathymetric data

The NOS hydrographic surveys (except for H03680 and H02333), multibeam swath sonar surveys, ENC

soundings, USACE surveys, trackline surveys, City of Juneau harbor surveys, and CHS gridded bathymetry

were transformed from either MSL to MHHW or MLLW to MHHW by adding the corresponding grid value

to the point elevation value using GDAL . For the two remaining MLW surveys, NGDC first converted the

surveys to MHHW using the MLLW-to-MHHW offset grid and then adjusted the values by +0.41, the average difference between MLLW and MLW at the NOAA tide stations, tide prediction sites, and DART buoy.

The CHS tide station information did not provide values for MLW or MHW.

2) Topographic data

The topographic datasets were originally referenced to WGS 84/EGM 96 Geoid. There are no survey

markers in Southeast Alaska that relate the geodetic datum to local tidal datums. Therefore, it was assumed

that the datum is essentially equivalent to MSL in this area. Conversion to MHHW, using GDAL, was accomplished by adding the MSL-to-MHHW offset grid. Values less than 1 meter following the conversion were

set equal to 1 meter, as both the SRTM and ASTER data are in integer format.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

25

Table 8. Relationship between MHHW and other vertical datums in the Southeast Alaska region.

Name ID Type Source Longitude Latitude MLLW MLW MSL MHW MHHW

Baranof Warm Spring 9451625 TPS NOAA -134.825000 57.088333 1.501 1.971 3.713 5.428 5.701

Big Salt Lake 9450623 TPS NOAA -132.950000 55.600000 17.437 17.466 17.904 18.363 18.601

Craig 9450551 TPS NOAA -133.141667 55.488333 1.606 2.024 3.233 4.448 4.707

DART 46410 46410 DART NOAA -143.804000 57.634000 0.000 --- 1.554 --- 2.950

Elfin Cove 9452634 TS NOAA -136.346667 58.193333 2.878 3.326 4.635 5.977 6.251

Entrance Island 9451438 TPS NOAA -133.786667 56.811667 -1.022 -0.552 1.301 3.155 3.416

False Bay Chatham St 9452328 TPS NOAA -134.935000 57.966667 0.189 0.678 2.614 4.503 4.786

Juneau 9452210 TS NOAA -134.411667 58.298333 1.102 1.590 3.712 5.778 6.073

Ketchikan 9450460 TS NOAA -131.625000 55.331667 1.887 2.366 4.345 6.320 6.595

Magnetic Point Union 9450753 TPS NOAA -132.190000 55.788333 -2.349 -1.873 0.190 2.268 2.539

Monte Carlo Island 9451247 TPS NOAA -133.766667 56.535000 1.268 1.718 3.281 4.874 5.129

Port Alexander 9451054 TS NOAA -134.646667 56.246667 1.111 1.555 2.865 4.191 4.454

Sitka 9451600 TS NOAA -135.341667 57.051667 1.379 1.824 2.989 4.170 4.407

Skagway 9452400 TS NOAA -135.326667 59.450000 0.811 1.304 3.494 5.606 5.911

Target Island Mitche 9451953 TPS NOAA -134.416667 57.533333 15.559 15.881 17.302 18.697 18.975

The Summit 9451349 TPS NOAA -133.736667 56.681667 -0.992 -0.500 1.457 3.373 3.639

Trocadero Bay 9450463 TS NOAA -132.936667 55.351667 0.186 0.599 1.798 3.011 3.259

Turn Point 9451434 TPS NOAA -132.980000 56.800000 -1.152 -0.694 1.389 3.479 3.746

Yakutat 9453220 TS NOAA -139.733333 59.548333 0.550 0.975 2.159 3.357 3.620

Alice Arm 9448 TS CHS -129.483333 55.466667 1.270 --- 3.954 --- 6.290

Armentieres Channel 9605 TS CHS -132.383333 53.100000 0.960 --- 2.526 --- 3.770

Atli Inlet 9765 TS CHS -131.576667 52.713333 1.010 --- 3.180 --- 5.040

Barnard Harbour 9115 TS CHS -129.116667 53.083333 0.810 --- 3.080 --- 5.040

Beauchemin Channel 9082 TS CHS -129.298667 52.781333 0.960 --- 3.050 --- 4.850

Block Islands 9165 TS CHS -129.733333 53.150000 0.860 --- 3.048 --- 4.960

Borrowman Bay 9080 TS CHS -129.266667 52.733333 0.650 --- 2.801 --- 4.620

Brundige Inlet 9333 TS CHS -130.851817 54.614383 1.150 --- 3.640 --- 5.750

Butedale 9053 TS CHS -128.683333 53.150000 0.900 --- 3.050 --- 4.960

Casey Cove 9350 TS CHS -130.366667 54.266667 1.160 --- 3.810 --- 6.130

Claxton 9260 TS CHS -130.083333 54.066667 1.210 --- 3.781 --- 6.120

Dadens 9960 TS CHS -132.983333 54.183333 1.010 --- 2.913 --- 4.510

Davis River 9470 TS CHS -130.166667 55.766667 -0.170 --- 2.621 --- 5.030

Dawson Harbour 9635 TS CHS -132.459000 53.163000 0.740 --- 2.370 --- 3.680

Gillen Harbour 9105 TS CHS -129.600000 52.966667 0.970 --- 3.103 --- 4.950

Granby Bay 9443 TS CHS -129.816667 55.400000 1.170 --- 3.834 --- 6.120

Griffin Pass 9020 TS CHS -128.333333 52.766667 0.870 --- 2.804 --- 4.440

Griffith Harbour 9230 TS CHS -130.533333 53.583333 1.030 --- 3.553 --- 5.790

Hartley Bay 9130 TS CHS -129.233333 53.416667 0.900 --- 3.170 --- 5.140

Haysport 9266 TS CHS -130.000000 54.166667 1.230 --- 3.840 --- 6.150

Henslung Cove 9958 TS CHS -133.004167 54.191667 0.940 --- 2.780 --- 4.330

Higgins Passage 9056 TS CHS -128.750000 52.483333 1.040 --- 2.930 --- 4.540

Hudson Bay Passage 9329 TS CHS -130.850000 54.450000 0.980 --- 3.460 --- 5.580

Humpback Bay 9309 TS CHS -130.383333 54.083333 1.220 --- 3.697 --- 5.770

Hunger Harbour 9570 TS CHS -132.033333 52.750000 0.730 --- 2.328 --- 3.650

Hunt Inlet 9310 TS CHS -130.433333 54.066667 1.120 --- 3.794 --- 6.040
Caldwell et al., 2012

26

Name ID Type Source Longitude Latitude MLLW MLW MSL MHW MHHW

Juskatla 9927 TS CHS -132.316667 53.616667 0.070 --- 0.610 --- 1.290

Kemano Bay 9150 TS CHS -128.116667 53.466667 1.050 --- 3.440 --- 5.560

Khyex Point 9275 TS CHS -129.800000 54.233333 0.150 --- 2.599 --- 4.970

Kincolith 9422 TS CHS -129.966667 54.983333 0.980 --- 3.691 --- 6.000

Kitimat 9140 TS CHS -128.716667 53.983333 0.980 --- 3.290 --- 5.310

Kitkatla Islands 9242 TS CHS -130.350000 53.800000 1.040 --- 3.660 --- 5.930

Klemtu 9035 TS CHS -128.516667 52.583333 0.990 --- 2.901 --- 4.560

Kumeon Bay 9414 TS CHS -130.233333 54.700000 1.000 --- 3.605 --- 5.860

Kwinitsa River 9285 TS CHS -129.583333 54.216667 0.100 --- 1.453 --- 3.000

Langara Point 9964 TS CHS -133.033333 54.250000 0.850 --- 2.770 --- 4.360

Larsen Island 9232 TS CHS -130.566667 53.616667 1.370 --- 3.780 --- 5.980

Lawyer Island 9312 TS CHS -130.333333 54.100000 1.270 --- 3.900 --- 6.170

Lowe Inlet 9195 TS CHS -129.566667 53.550000 1.080 --- 3.453 --- 5.520

Masset 9910 TS CHS -132.149317 54.009683 0.480 --- 2.040 --- 3.420

McCoy Cove 9790 TS CHS -131.650000 53.033333 1.020 --- 3.277 --- 5.180

McKenney Island 9077 TS CHS -129.483333 52.650000 0.860 --- 2.830 --- 4.530

McPherson Point 9963 TS CHS -132.966667 54.233333 0.610 --- 2.493 --- 4.010

Meyers Narrows 9060 TS CHS -128.616667 52.600000 0.740 --- 2.743 --- 4.490

Mill Bay 9425 TS CHS -129.883333 54.983333 0.800 --- 3.374 --- 5.640

Milne Island 9063 TS CHS -128.766667 52.600000 0.920 --- 2.910 --- 4.640

Moffat Islands 9325 TS CHS -130.716667 54.433333 1.080 --- 3.581 --- 5.710

Morse Basin 9344 TS CHS -130.233333 54.250000 0.120 --- 2.166 --- 4.300

Pacofi Bay 9775 TS CHS -131.866667 52.816667 1.310 --- 3.510 --- 5.400

Port Clements 9920 TS CHS -132.183333 53.683333 0.200 --- 1.311 --- 2.370

Port Edward 9342 TS CHS -130.283333 54.216667 1.100 --- 3.711 --- 5.950

Port Louis 9671 TS CHS -132.950000 53.683333 0.840 --- 2.530 --- 3.880

Port Simpson 9390 TS CHS -130.416667 54.550000 1.220 --- 3.851 --- 6.070

Prince Rupert 9354 TS CHS -130.316667 54.316667 1.150 --- 3.849 --- 6.160

Qlawdzeet Anchorage 9315 TS CHS -130.766667 54.200000 1.130 --- 3.690 --- 5.860

Queen Charlotte 9850 TS CHS -132.066667 53.250000 1.170 --- 3.992 --- 6.320

Ranger Islet 9418 TS CHS -130.166667 54.833333 1.140 --- 3.733 --- 5.950

Refuge Bay 9306 TS CHS -130.533333 54.050000 1.150 --- 3.753 --- 6.000

Salmon Cove 9435 TS CHS -129.833333 55.250000 1.040 --- 3.666 --- 5.970

Seabreeze Point 9250 TS CHS -130.166667 53.983333 1.220 --- 3.731 --- 6.020

Seal Cove 9360 TS CHS -130.266667 54.316667 1.140 --- 3.780 --- 6.090

Sedgwick Bay 9753 TS CHS -131.583333 52.633333 0.770 --- 2.798 --- 4.520

Shields Bay 9650 TS CHS -132.416667 53.300000 0.900 --- 2.560 --- 3.880

Shingle Bay 9808 TS CHS -131.816667 53.250000 1.190 --- 4.008 --- 6.390

Skidegate Channel East 9823 TS CHS -132.233333 53.150000 1.170 --- 3.942 --- 6.390

Skidegate Channel West 9830 TS CHS -132.266667 53.150000 0.370 --- 2.084 --- 3.650

Stewart 9475 TS CHS -130.000000 55.916667 1.170 --- 3.947 --- 6.420

Surf Inlet 9090 TS CHS -128.900000 53.016667 0.900 --- 2.944 --- 4.710

Trail Bay 9406 TS CHS -130.350000 54.583333 0.990 --- 3.636 --- 5.880

Trounce Inlet 9625 TS CHS -132.316667 53.133333 0.480 --- 2.017 --- 3.480

Wainright Basin 9343 TS CHS -130.250000 54.250000 0.230 --- 2.218 --- 4.380

Wiah Point 9940 TS CHS -132.300000 54.100000 0.960 --- 3.078 --- 4.880
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

27

TPS = Tide Prediction Site; TS= Tide Station

Figure 20. The MLLW-to-MHHW offset grid used to convert data between vertical datums. Tide stations, tide prediction sites, and DART buoy 

are shown. Coastline is in black.
Caldwell et al., 2012

28

Figure 21. The MSL-to-MHHW offset grid used to convert data between vertical datums. Tide stations, tide prediction sites, and DART buoy are 

shown. Coastline is in black.

1.2.2 Horizontal datum transformations

Datasets used to compile the Southeast Alaska DEMs were originally referenced to WGS 84 geographic,

NAD 83 geographic, NAD 83 UTM Zone 8 North, NAD 83 UTM Zone 9 North, NAD 83 Alaska State Plane Zone

I (feet and meters), and Albers Conical Equal Area (British Columbia). The relationships and transformational equations between the geographic horizontal datums are well established. Transformations to NAD 83 geographic were

accomplished using Proj4.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

29

1.3 Digital Elevation Model Development

1.3.1 Verifying consistency between datasets

After horizontal and vertical transformations were applied, the resulting ESRI shapefiles were checked in

ArcMap and QT Modeler for inter-dataset consistency. Problems and errors were identified and resolved before proceeding with subsequent gridding steps. The evaluated and edited ESRI shapefiles were then converted to xyz files in

preparation for gridding. Problems included:

•	 Inconsistent, overlapping high-resolution bathymetric datasets. Older datasets were clipped to newer datasets

when possible. Datasets were weighted based on quality and year during the gridding process.

•	 Data values over the ocean in the SRTM and ASTER DEM datasets. These datasets required automated

clipping to the final coastline or were edited manually.

•	 Digital, measured bathymetric values from NOS surveys date back over 100 years. More recent data, such

as the multibeam surveys, differed from older NOS data by as much as 70 meters vertically. The older NOS

survey data were excised where more recent bathymetric data exists.

•	 Some breakwaters, jetties, and bridge pilings in Aurora, Douglas, and Harris Harbors near Juneau are not

well-represented in available elevation data. Nearby elevation values from the SRTM and ASTER DEMs

were used to estimate elevations at 1 or 1.5 meters for these features.

•	 Lack of bathymetric data in the delta regions of the Mendenhall and Stikine Rivers. An upper limit was set

during the generation of the bathymetric surface to ensure depths near -0.50 meter in those regions.

1.3.2 Smoothing of bathymetric data

The older NOS hydrographic survey data, extracted ENC soundings, and NGDC trackline surveys are generally sparse at the resolution of the Southeast Alaska DEMs in both deep water and in some areas close to shore. In

order to reduce the effect of artifacts in the form of lines or “pimples” in the DEM due to the low resolution datasets,

and to provide effective interpolation into the coastal zone, ‘pre-surface’ bathymetric grids in MHHW vertical datum

were generated using GMT12, an NSF-funded software application designed to manipulate data for mapping purposes

(http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/).

A Southeast Alaska 8 arc-second, ‘pre-surface’ grid was compiled from NOS hydrographic point data,

USACE surveys, ENC soundings, City of Juneau harbor surveys, trackline surveys, CHS gridded bathymetry, and

NGDC multibeam swath sonar bathymetry data by converting the files to xyz format. These xyz files were combined

into a single file, along with points extracted every 10 meters from the final coastline. To provide a slightly negative

buffer along the entire coastline, the extracted points were assigned values of -0.23 meter, the average difference

between MHW and MHHW at the NOAA tide stations, to make sure that the offshore elevations remained negative;

this was necessary due to the sparseness of the bathymetric data near the coast. These point data were then smoothed

using the GMT tool ‘blockmedian’ onto a 8 arc-second grid. The GMT tool ‘surface’ was then applied to interpolate

values for cells without data values. The GMT grid created by ‘surface’ was converted into an ESRI Arc ASCII grid

file using the MB-System tool ‘mbm_grd2arc’ for viewing in ESRI ArcMap. GDAL software was used to clip the grid

with the final coastline to eliminate data interpolation into land areas. Pre-surface grids for the 8/3 and 8/15 arc-second

grids were built following the same methodology.

The ‘pre-surfaces’ were compared with the original soundings to ensure grid accuracy, converted to a shape

file, and then exported as an xyz file for use in the final gridding process (Table 9). The statistical analyses of the

differences between the 8/15 arc-second bathymetric surface atJuneau with the NOS hydrographic surveys and NGDC

multibeam swath sonar surveys show that the majority of the surveys are in good agreement (Figs. 22 and 23) with

the bathymetric surface. The few exceptions where the differences reached up to 36.13 meters are attributed to rugged

bathymetry or overlapping datasets, where two or more closely positioned points were averaged to obtain the elevation

of one grid cell. Some inconsistencies were identified while merging the bathymetric datasets due to the range in ages

and resolutions of the surveys. In areas where more recent data were available, the older surveys were either edited or

not used. The gridded bathymetric surfaces were then converted to xyz files for use in building the final DEMs.

12. GMT is an open source collection of ~60 tools for manipulating geographic and Cartesian data sets (including filtering, trend fitting, gridding,

projecting, etc.), and producing Encapsulated PostScript File (EPS) illustrations ranging from simple x-y plots via contour maps to artificially

illuminated surfaces and 3-D perspective views. GMT supports ~30 map projections and transformations and comes with support data such as

GSHHS coastlines, rivers, and political boundaries. GMT is developed and maintained by Paul Wessel and Walter H. F. Smith with help from a

global set of volunteers, and is supported by the National Science Foundation. It is released under the GNU General Public License. URL: http://

gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/ [Extracted from GMT web site.]
Caldwell et al., 2012

30

Figure 22. Histogram of the differences between NOS hydrographic surveys and the 8/15 arc-second pre-surfaced bathymetric grid. 

Figure 23. Histogram of the differences between NGDC multibeam swath sonar surveys and the 8/15 arc-second pre-surfaced bathymetric grid.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

31

1.3.3 Building the DEMs using MB-System

MB-System was used to create the Southeast Alaska DEMs. The MB-System tool ‘mbgrid’ was used to apply a tight spline tension to the xyz data, and interpolate values for cells without data. The data hierarchy used in the

‘mbgrid’ gridding algorithm, as relative gridding weights, is listed in Table 9. Greatest weight was given to the high

resolution multibeam surveys, NOS BAG data, USACE hydrographic surveys, and the NGDC digitized features.

Least weight was given to the pre-surfaced bathymetric grid, NGDC trackline, CHS gridded bathymetry, and ENC

soundings.

Table 9. Data hierarchy used to assign gridding weight in MB-System

Dataset Relative Gridding Weight

NGDC multibeam 100

USACE hydrographic surveys 100

NOS ASCII 100

NOS BAG 100

NGDC digitized features 100

City of Juneau harbor surveys 10

NOS hydrographic surveys 10

ENC soundings 10

NASA SRTM 1

NASAASTER 1

Pre-surfaced bathymetric grid 1

CHS gridded bathymetry 1

NGDC trackline 0.1
Caldwell et al., 2012

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1.4 Quality Assessment of the DEMs

1.4.1 Horizontal accuracy

The horizontal accuracy of topographic and bathymetric features in the Southeast Alaska DEMs is dependent

upon DEM cell size and source datasets. Topographic features have an estimated horizontal accuracy of 30 meters:

SRTM has a horizontal accuracy of ~20 meters and ASTER, approximately 30 meters. Bathymetric features are resolved only to within a few hundreds of meters in deep-water areas. Shallow, near-coastal regions, rivers, and harbor

surveys have an accuracy approaching that of sub-aerial topographic features. Positional accuracy is limited by the

sparseness of deep-water soundings and potentially large positional uncertainty of pre-satellite navigated (e.g., GPS)

NOS hydrographic surveys.

1.4.2 Vertical accuracy

Vertical accuracy of elevation values in the Southeast Alaska DEMs is also dependent upon the source datasets contributing to DEM cell values. Topographic data have an estimated vertical accuracy between 16 meters for the

SRTM DEM and 20 meters for the ASTER DEM. Bathymetric values have an estimated accuracy between 0.1 meters

and 5% of water depth. Those values were derived from the wide range of sounding measurements from the early

20th century to recent, GPS-navigated multibeam swath sonar survey. Gridding interpolation to determine bathymetric

values between sparse, poorly located NOS soundings degrades the vertical accuracy of elevations in deep water.

1.4.3 Slope map and 3-D perspectives

ESRI ArcCatalog was used to generate a slope grid from the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM to allow for

visual inspection and identification of artificial slopes along boundaries between datasets (Fig. 24). The DEM was

transformed to NAD 83 UTM Zone 8 North coordinates (horizontal units in meters) in ArcCatalog for derivation of

the slope grid; equivalent horizontal and vertical units are required for effective slope analysis. Analysis of preliminary

grids using QT Modeler and Fledermaus revealed suspect data points, which were corrected before recompiling the

DEM. Figure 1 shows a color image of the 8 arc-second Southeast Alaska DEM in its final version. Figure 25 shows

a perspective rendering of the final 8 arc-second Southeast Alaska DEM. Figure 26 shows a data contribution plot of

the Southeast Alaska 8 arc-second DEM.

Figure 24. Slope map of the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM. Flat-lying slopes are shown in white; dark shading denotes steep slopes; final 

coastline indicated in red. The large expanse of low slopes in the northeast corner of the grid exist over the Mendenhall and adjacent glaciers.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

33

Figure 25. Perspective view from the southwest of the 8 arc-second Southeast Alaska DEM. Vertical exaggeration–times 2.

Figure 26. Data contribution plot of the 8 arc-second Southeast Alaska DEM. Grey depicts DEM cells constrained by source data; white 

depicts cells with elevation values derived from interpolation. Due to the scale of the image, sparse soundings may not be visible in the graphic. 

Coastline is shown in black. Extents of the 8 arc-second (purple), 8/3 arc-second (red), and 8/15 arc-second (green) DEMs are also shown.
Caldwell et al., 2012

34

1.4.4 Comparison with National Geodetic Survey geodetic monuments

The locations of 5943 geodetic monuments were extracted from the NOAA NGS web site (http://www.ngs.

noaa.gov/) in shapefile format (see Fig. 27 for monument locations). Only 202 monuments had defined elevations for

use in the analysis. Shapefile attributes give positions in NAD 83 geographic horizontal datum (typically sub-mm accuracy). Elevations were given relative to the NAVD 88 Geoid 09 (meters) or NAD 83 ellipsoid. Conversions from

the NAD 83 ellipsoid to NAVD 88 were performed using VDatum. Elevations were compared to the 8 arc-second

Southeast Alaska DEM (Fig. 28). Differences between the DEM and the monument elevations range from -112.17 to

25.07 meters, with half of the differences between -8.36 and +4.72. Large differences in elevations occurred where

monuments are located on road cuts, in regions of steep topography, on top of buildings or other structures, or have

conversion errors evident on the NGS data sheet (e.g., feet instead of meters). In addition, the topographic data used in

the Southeast Alaska DEM are not bare-earth, which contributes to large differences, particularly in forested regions.

Figure 27. Location of NGS geodetic monuments in the Southeast Alaska region. The locations of the 202 sites used in the analysis are shown.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

35

Figure 28. Histogram of the differences between NGS geodetic monument elevations and the 8 arc-second Southeast Alaska DEM. 

1.4.5 Comparison with a prior NGDC DEM

As part of the Tsunami Inundation Gridding Project (TIGP; http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/inundation/tsunami/inundation.html), NGDC developed a 1 arc-second DEM for the region surrounding Craig, AK (Lim et al.,

2009). A quantitative comparison of the former DEM to the current DEM showed reasonable agreement between the

two DEMs in most locations. Largest differences, on the order of tens to hundreds of meters, existed in the deep water,

where the higher resolution data from the CHS replaced interpolated regions between trackline surveys in the TIGP

Craig DEM. In addition, over 20 new surveys have been conducted since the development of the TIGP Craig DEM.

These higher resolution surveys were used in the current Southeast Alaska grids and replaced older, lower resolution

datasets that date from the early 1900s.
Caldwell et al., 2012

36

1.4.6 DEM comparison with source data files

To ensure grid accuracy, the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM was compared to source data files. A histogram of

the differences between the SRTM and ASTER topographic DEMs and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM are shown

in Figures 29 and 30. Differences cluster around zero. The major differences in elevations in SRTM and ASTER data

points with the grid (> 10 meters) are located in regions of steep slopes and forests, primarily along the coast.

Comparisons of the USACE hydrographic survey data and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM are shown in

Figure 31. Elevation differences range from -6.00460 to 5.43130 meters. Largest differences occur where the USACE

data overlap other higher resolution datasets, which may occur due to changes in dredged depths or sediment deposition in channels.

The ENC soundings were also compared with the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM (Fig. 32). The histogram

shows the differences in elevations range from -0.41620 to 8.16540 meters (Fig. 33). Similarly, differences between

the NGDC trackline surveys and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM are clustered around zero with differences ranging

from -3.21 to 1.24 meters.

Figure 29. Histogram of the differences between the SRTM 1 arc-second topographic DEM data points and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

37

Figure 30. Histogram of the differences between the ASTER 1 arc-second DEM data points and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM.

Figure 31. Histogram of the differences between the USACE hydrographic survey data points and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM.
Caldwell et al., 2012

38

Figure 32. Histogram of the differences between the ENC sounding data points and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM.

Figure 33. Histogram of the differences between the NGDC trackline data points and the 8/15 arc-second Juneau DEM.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

39

4. Summary and Conclusions

Three nested, integrated bathymetric–topographic digital elevation models of the Southeast Alaska region,

with cell sizes of 8/15, 8/3, and 8 arc-seconds, were developed for the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program

in support of the State of Alaska’s tsunami inundation modeling efforts led by the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks. The best available digital data from U.S. federal, state, local, and academic agencies

were obtained by NGDC, shifted to common horizontal and vertical datums, and evaluated and edited before DEM

generation. The data were quality checked, processed and gridded using ESRI ArcGIS, ESRI ArcGIS World Imagery 

2-D, FME, Fledermaus, GMT, MB-System, QT Modeler, GDAL, OGR, Proj4, and VDatum software.

Recommendations to improve the Southeast Alaska DEMs, based on NGDC’s research and analysis, are listed

below:

•	 Conduct bathymetric surveys in the southwestern quarter of the 8 arc-second DEM region.

•	 Conduct a high-resolution topographic lidar surveys near the City of Juneau

•	 Establish, via survey, relationships between tidal and geodetic datums in the Southeast Alaska region.

•	 Determine the relationship between Early Alaska and NAD 83/WGS 84 geographic horizontal datums.

5. Acknowledgments

The creation of the Southeast Alaska DEMs was funded by the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. The authors thank Elena Sulemani, Dave West, and Dmitry Nikolski (UAF); Bret Christensen (USFWS); Hans

Andersen and Mark Riley (U.S. Forest Service); John Stone and Gary Gillette (City of Juneau); and Denny Sinnott

and Bodo de Lange Boom (CHS).
Caldwell et al., 2012

40

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Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

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Caldwell et al., 2012

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Surprise Harbor, and Murder Cove, Frederick Sound. Scale 1:20,000. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA,

National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17337 (RNC), 9th Edition, 2004. Harbors in Chatham Strait Kelp Bay;Warm Spring Bay; Takatz and

Kasnyku Bays. Scale 1:40,000 with 1:20,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean

Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17338 (RNC), 14th Edition, 2005. Peril Strait - Hoonah Sound to Chatham Strait. Scale 1:40,000.

U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17339 (RNC), 12th Edition, 2007. Hood Bay and Kootznahoo Inlet. Scale 1:30,000 with 1:10,000

inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17341 (RNC), 9th Edition, 2007. Whitewater Bay and Chaik Bay, Chatham Strait. Scale 1:20,000.

U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17360 (ENC and RNC), 35th Edition, 2008. Etolin Island to Midway Islands, including Sumner

Strait; Holkham Bay; Big Castle Island. Scale 1:217,828 with 1:40,000 and 1:20,000 insets. U.S. Department

of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17362 (RNC), 10th Edition, 1996. Gambier Bay, Stephens Passage. Scale 1:40,000. U.S. Department

of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17363 (RNC), 13th Edition, 1997. Pybus Bay, Frederick Sound; Hobart and Windham Bays, Stephens

Passage. Scale 1:40,000. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17365 (RNC), 12th Edition, 1997. Woewodski and Eliza Harbors.; Fanshaw Bay and Cleveland

Passage. Scale 1:20,000. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17367 (RNC), 11th Edition, 1998. Thomas, Farragut, and Portage Bays, Frederick Sound. Scale

1:40,000. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17368 (ENC and RNC), 7th Edition, 2006. Keku Strait-northern part, including Saginaw and Security

Bays and Port Camden; Kake Inset. Scale 1:40,000 with 1:15,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce,

NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17370 (RNC), 11th Edition, 2006. Bay of Pillars and Rowan Bay, Chatham Strait; Washington Bay,

Chatham Strait. Scale 1:20,000 with 1:10,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean

Service, Coast Survey.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

43

Nautical Chart #17372 (ENC and RNC), 11th Edition, 2003. Keku Strait-Monte Carlo Island to Entrance Island; The

Summit; Devils Elbow. Scale 1:20,000 with 1:10,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National

Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17375 (ENC and RNC), 22nd Edition, 2009. Wrangell Narrows; Petersburg Harbor. Scale 1:20,000

with 1:10,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17376 (RNC), 8th Edition, 2008. Tebenkof Bay and Port Malmesbury. Scale 1:40,000. U.S.

Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17377 (RNC), 1st Edition, 1999. Le Conte Bay. Scale 1:25,000. U.S. Department of Commerce,

NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17378 (RNC), 14th Edition, 2004. Port Protection, Prince of Wales Island. Scale 1:20,000. U.S.

Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17379 (RNC), 1st Edition, 2002. Shakan Bay And Strait, Alaska. Scale 1:10,000. U.S. Department of

Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17381 (RNC), 10th Edition, 2002. Red Bay, Prince of Wales Island. Scale 1:20,000. U.S. Department

of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17382 (ENC and RNC), 17th Edition, 2007. Zarembo Island and Approaches. Scale 1:80,000 with

1:40,000 and 1:20,000 insets. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17383 (RNC), 3rd Edition, 2005. Snow Passage, Alaska. Scale 1:30,000. U.S. Department of

Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17384 (ENC and RNC), 9th Edition, 2008. Wrangell Harbor and approaches. Scale 1:20,000 with

1:10,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17385 (ENC and RNC), 17th Edition, 2009. Ernest Sound-Eastern Passage and Zimovia Strait;

Zimovia Strait. Scale 1:80,000 with 1:20,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean

Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17386 (RNC), 4th Edition, 2006. Sumner Strait-Southern part. Scale 1:40,000. U.S. Department of

Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17387 (RNC), 13th Edition, 2001. Shakan and Shipley Bays and Part of El Capitan Passage;

El Capitan Passage, Dry Pass to Shakan Strait. Scale 1:40,000 with 1:10,000 inset. U.S. Department of

Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17400 (ENC and RNC), 17th Edition, 2007. Dixon Entrance to Chatham Strait. Scale 1:229,376. U.S.

Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17401 (RNC), 12th Edition, 2006. Lake Bay and approaches, Clarence Strait. Scale 1:10,000. U.S.

Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17402 (RNC), 11th Edition, 2005. Southern Entrances to Sumner Strait. Scale 1:40,000. U.S.

Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17403 (RNC), 14th Edition, 2006. Davidson Inlet and Sea Otter Sound; Edna Bay. Scale 1:40,000

with 1:10,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.
Caldwell et al., 2012

44

Nautical Chart #17404 (ENC and RNC), 14th Edition, 2008. San Christoval Channel to Cape Lynch. Scale 1:40,000.

U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

NauticalChart #17405 (ENCandRNC), 16th Edition, 2008. UlloaChannel to SanChristovalChannel; North Entrance,

Big Salt Lake; Shelter Cove, Craig. Scale 1:40,000 with 1:10,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce,

NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17406 (ENC and RNC), 7th Edition, 2004. Baker, Noyes, and Lulu Islands and adjacent waters. Scale

1:40,000. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17407 (RNC), 15th Edition, 2003. Northern part of Tlevak Strait and Uloa Channel. Scale 1:40,000.

U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17408 (RNC), 8th Edition, 2004. Central Dall Island and vicinity. Scale 1:40,000. U.S. Department

of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17409 (RNC), 10th Edition, 2002. Southern Dall Island and vicinity. Scale 1:40,000. U.S. Department

of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17420 (ENC and RNC), 28th Edition, 2007. Hecate Strait to Etolin Island, including Behm and

Portland Canals. Scale 1:229,376. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast

Survey.

Nautical Chart #17422 (RNC), 9th Edition, 2006. Behm Canal-western part; Yes Bay. Scale 1:79,334 with 1:40,000

inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17423 (RNC), 14th Edition, 2006. Harbor Charts-Clarence Strait and Behm Canal DeweyAnchorage,

Etolin Island; Ratz Harbor, Prince of Wales Island; Naha Bay, Revillagigedo Island; Tolstoi and Thorne

Bays, Prince of Wales lsland; Union Bay, Cleveland Peninsula. Scale 1:40,000, 1:20,000, and 1:10,000. U.S.

Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17424 (ENC and RNC), 9th Edition, 2009. Behm Canal-eastern part. Scale 1:80,000. U.S. Department

of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17425 (ENC and RNC), 6th Edition, 2002. Portland Canal-North of Hattie Island. Scale 1:80,000.

U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17426 (RNC), 15th Edition, 2006. Kasaan Bay, Clarence Strait; Hollis Anchorage, eastern part;

Lyman Anchorage. Scale 1:40,000 with 1:10,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National

Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17427 (RNC), 7th Edition, 1998. Portland Canal - Dixon Entrance to Hattie Island. Scale 1:80,000.

U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17428 (ENC and RNC), 10th Edition, 2007. Revillagigedo Channel, Nichols Passage, and Tongass

Narrows; Seal Cove; Ward Cove. Scale 1:40,000 with 1:10,000 inset. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA,

National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17430 (RNC), 11th Edition, 2005. Tongass Narrows. Scale 1:10,000. U.S. Department of Commerce,

NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17431 (RNC), 11th Edition, 2004. North End of Cordova Bay and Hetta Inlet. Scale 1:40,000. U.S.

Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

45

Nautical Chart #17432 (RNC), 7th Edition, 2004. Clarence Strait and Moira Sound. Scale 1:40,000. U.S. Department

of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17433 (RNC), 11th Edition, 2004. Kendrick Bay to Shipwreck Point, Prince of Wales Island. Scale

1:40,000. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17434 (RNC), 13th Edition, 2005. Revillagigedo Channel; Ryus Bay; Foggy Bay. Scale 1:80,000

with 1:40,000 and 1:20,000 insets. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast

Survey.

Nautical Chart #17435 (RNC), 16th Edition, 1999. Harbors in Clarence Strait Port Chester, Annette Island; Tamgas

Harbor,Annette Island; Metlakatla Harbor. Scale 1:40,000 with 1:20,000 and 1:5,000 insets. U.S. Department

of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17436 (RNC), 9th Edition, 2006. Clarence Strait, Cholmondeley Sound and Skowl Arm. Scale

1:40,000. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Nautical Chart #17437 (RNC), 9th Edition, 2004. Portland Inlet to Nakat Bay. Scale 1:40,000. U.S. Department of

Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.
Caldwell et al., 2012

46

7. Data Processing Software

ArcGIS v. 9.3.1 – developed and licensed by ESRI, Redlands, California, http://www.esri.com/UH

ESRI World Imagery (ESRI_Imagery_World_2D) – ESRI ArcGIS Resource Centers http://resources.esri.com/

arcgisonlineservices/.

FME 2010 GB – Feature Manipulation Engine, developed and licensed by Safe Software, Vancouver, BC, Canada,

http://www.safe.com/.

Fledermaus v. 7.0.0 – developed and licensed by Interactive Visualization Systems (IVS 3D), Fredericton, New

Brunswick, Canada, http://www.ivs3d.com/products/fledermaus/.

GDAL v. 1.7.1 – Geographic Data Abstraction Library is a translator library maintained by Frank Warmerdam, http://

www.gdal.org/.

GEODAS v. 5 – Geophysical Data System, freeware developed and maintained by Dan Metzger, NOAA National

Geophysical Data Center, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geodas/.

GMT v. 4.3.4 – Generic Mapping Tools, freeware developed and maintained by Paul Wessel and Walter Smith, funded

by the National Science Foundation, http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/UH

Gnuplot v. 4.2, free software developed and maintained by Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley, Russell Lang, Dave Kotz,

John Campbell, Gershon Elber, Alexander Woo, http://www.gnuplot.info/.

MB-System v. 5.1.0 – shareware developed and maintained by David W. Caress and Dale N. Chayes, funded by the

National Science Foundation, http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/MB-System/.

Proj4 v. 4.7.0, free software developed by Gerald Evenden and maintained by Frank Warmerdam, http://trac.osgeo/

org/proj/.

Quick Terrain Modeler v. 7.0.0 – Lidar processing software developed by John Hopkins University’s Applied Physics

Laboratory (APL) and maintained and licensed by Applied Imagery, HUhttp://www.appliedimagery.com/

VDatum Transformation Tool, developed and maintained by NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey (NGS), Office of

Coast Survey (OCS), and Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS), http://

vdatum.noaa.gov/.
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

47

Appendix A. Electronic and Raster Nautical Charts Available in the Southeast Alaska 

Region

Chart Title Source 

Edition

Source 

Date Format Scale

50 North Pacific Ocean (eastern part) Bering Sea Continuation 6th 2003 ENC and RNC 1:10,000,000

500 West Coast Of North America - Dixon Entrance To Unimak

Pass 8th 2003 ENC and RNC 1:3,500,000

501 North Pacific Ocean West Coast Of North America - Mexican Border To Dixon Entrance 13th 2009 ENC and RNC 1:3,500,000

530 North America West Coast - San Diego to Aleutian Islands

and Hawaiian Islands 32nd 2007 ENC and RNC 1:4,860,700

531 Gulf of Alaska - Strait of Juan de Fuca to Kodiak Island 24th 2007 ENC and RNC 1:2,100,000

16016 Dixon Entrance to Cape St. Elias 21st 2007 ENC and RNC 1:969,756

16760 Cross Sound to Yakutat Bay 10th 2000 ENC and RNC 1:300,000

16762 Lituya Bay - Lituya Bay Entrance 9th 2002 RNC 1:20,000 with 1:10,000

inset

17300 Stephens Passage to Cross Sound, including Lynn Canal 31st 2005 ENC and RNC 1:100,000

17301 Cape Spencer to Icy Point 8th 1998 ENC and RNC 1:40,000

17302 Icy Strait and Cross Sound; Inian Cove; Elfin Cove 18th 2002 ENC and RNC 1:80,000 with 1:20,000

and 1:10,000 insets

17303 Yakobi Island and Lisianski Inlet; Pelican Harbor 10th 2004 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:10,000

inset

17311 Holkham Bay and Tracy Arm - Stephens Passage 1st 2000 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:20,000

inset

17312 Hawk Inlet, Chatham Strait 2nd 2005 RNC 1:10,000

17313 Port Snettisham 9th 2009 RNC 1:40,000

17314 Slocum and Limestone Inlets and Taku Harbor 12th 1998 RNC 1:20,000

17315 Gastineau Channel and Taku Inlet; Juneau Harbor 24th 2006 ENC and RNC 1:40,000 with 1:10,000

inset

17316 Lynn Canal-Icy Strait to Point Sherman;Funter Bay; Chatham Strait 20th 2002 ENC and RNC 1:80,000 with 1:20,000

inset

17317 Lynn Canal-Point Sherman to Skagway; Lutak Inlet; Skagway and Nahku Bay; Portage Cove, Chilkoot Inlet 20th 2004 RNC 1:77,812 with 1:20,000

and 1:10,000 insets

17318 Glacier Bay; Bartlett Cove 1st 2009 RNC 1:80,000 with 1:10,000

inset

17320 Coronation Island to Lisianski Strait 18th 2008 ENC and RNC 1:217,828

17321 Cape Edward to Lisianski Strait, Chichagof Island 9th 2004 RNC 1:40,000

17322 Khaz Bay, Chichagof Island Elbow Passage 10th 2005 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:10,000

inset

17323 Salisbury Sound, Peril Strait and Hoonah Sound 12th 2006 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:20,000

inset

17324 Sitka Sound to Salisbury Sound, Inside Passage; Neva

Strait-Neva Point to Zeal Point 15th 2007 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:20,000inset

17325 South and West Coasts of Kruzof Island 9th 2006 RNC 1:40,000

17326 Crawfish Inlet to Sitka, Baranof Island; Sawmill Cove 16th 2007 ENC and RNC 1:40,000 with 1:5,000

inset

17327 Sitka Harbor and approaches; Sitka Harbor 23rd 2008 RNC 1:10,000 with 1:5,000

inset

17328 Snipe Bay to Crawfish Inlet, Baranof lsland 7th 2003 ENC and RNC 1:40,000

17330 West Coast of Baranof Island - Cape Ommaney to Byron

Bay 9th 2007 RNC 1:20,000

17331 Chatham Strait - Ports Alexander, Conclusion, and Armstrong 8th 2007 RNC 1:10,000
Caldwell et al., 2012

48

17333 Ports Herbert, Walter, Lucy and Armstrong 9th 2007 RNC 1:20,000

17335 Patterson Bay and Deep Cove 7th 2004 RNC 1:20,000

17336 Harbors in Chatham Strait and vicinity - Gut Bay, Chatham

Strait; Hoggatt Bay, Chatham Strait 9th 2007 RNC 1:20,000

17337 Harbors in Chatham Strait Kelp Bay;Warm Spring Bay;

Takatz and Kasnyku Bays 9th 2004 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:20,000inset

17338 Peril Strait - Hoonah Sound to Chatham Strait 14th 2005 RNC 1:40,000

17339 Hood Bay and Kootznahoo Inlet 12th 2007 RNC 1:30,000 with 1:10,000

inset

17341 Whitewater Bay and Chaik Bay, Chatham Strait 9th 2007 RNC 1:20,000

17360 Etolin Island to Midway Islands, including Sumner Strait;

Holkham Bay; Big Castle Island 35th 2008 ENC and RNC 1:217,828 with 1:40,000and 1:20,000 insets

17362 Gambier Bay, Stephens Passage 10th 1996 RNC 1:40,000

17363 Pybus Bay, Frederick Sound; Hobart and Windham Bays,

Stephens Passage 13th 1997 RNC 1:40,000

17365 Woewodski and Eliza Harbors.; Fanshaw Bay and Cleveland Passage 12th 1997 RNC 1:20,000

17367 Thomas, Farragut, and Portage Bays, Frederick Sound 11th 1998 RNC 1:40,000

17368 Keku Strait-northern part, including Saginaw and Security

Bays and Port Camden; Kake Inset 7th 2006 ENC and RNC 1:40,000 with 1:15,000inset

17370 Bay of Pillars and Rowan Bay, Chatham Strait; Washington

Bay, Chatham Strait 11th 2006 RNC 1:20,000 with 1:10,000inset

17372 Keku Strait-Monte Carlo Island to Entrance Island; The

Summit; Devils Elbow 11th 2003 ENC and RNC 1:20,000 with 1:10,000inset

17375 Wrangell Narrows; Petersburg Harbor 22nd 2009 ENC and RNC 1:20,000 with 1:10,000

inset

17376 Tebenkof Bay and Port Malmesbury 8th 2008 RNC 1:40,000

17377 Le Conte Bay 1st 1999 RNC 1:25,000

17378 Port Protection, Prince of Wales Island 14th 2004 RNC 1:20,000

17379 Shakan Bay And Strait, Alaska 1st 2002 RNC 1:10,000

17381 Red Bay, Prince of Wales Island 10th 2002 RNC 1:20,000

17382 Zarembo Island and Approaches 17th 2007 ENC and RNC 1:80,000 with 1:40,000

and 1:20,000 insets

17383 Snow Passage, Alaska 3rd 2005 RNC 1:30,000

17384 Wrangell Harbor and approaches 9th 2008 ENC and RNC 1:20,000 with 1:10,000

inset

17385 Ernest Sound-Eastern Passage and Zimovia Strait; Zimovia

Strait 17th 2009 ENC and RNC 1:80,000 with 1:20,000inset

17386 Sumner Strait-Southern part 4th 2006 RNC 1:40,000

17387 Shakan and Shipley Bays and Part of El Capitan Passage;

El Capitan Passage, Dry Pass to Shakan Strait 13th 2001 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:10,000inset

17400 Dixon Entrance to Chatham Strait 17th 2007 ENC and RNC 1:229,376

17401 Lake Bay and approaches, Clarence Strait 12th 2006 RNC 1:10,000

17402 Southern Entrances to Sumner Strait 11th 2005 RNC 1:40,000

17403 Davidson Inlet and Sea Otter Sound; Edna Bay 14th 2006 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:10,000

inset

17404 San Christoval Channel to Cape Lynch 14th 2008 ENC and RNC 1:40,000

17405 Ulloa Channel to San Christoval Channel; North Entrance,

Big Salt Lake; Shelter Cove, Craig 16th 2008 ENC and RNC 1:40,000 with 1:10,000inset

17406 Baker, Noyes, and Lulu Islands and adjacent waters 7th 2004 ENC and RNC 1:40,000

17407 Northern part of Tlevak Strait and Uloa Channel 15th 2003 RNC 1:40,000
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

49

17408 Central Dall Island and vicinity 8th 2004 RNC 1:40,000

17409 Southern Dall Island and vicinity 10th 2002 RNC 1:40,000

17420 Hecate Strait to Etolin Island, including Behm and Portland

Canals 28th 2007 ENC and RNC 1:229,376

17422 Behm Canal-western part; Yes Bay 9th 2006 RNC 1:79,334 with 1:40,000

inset

17423 Harbor Charts-Clarence Strait and Behm Canal Dewey

Anchorage, Etolin Island; Ratz Harbor 14th 2006 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:20,000and 1:10,000 insets

17424 Behm Canal-eastern part 9th 2009 ENC and RNC 1:80,000

17425 Portland Canal-North of Hattie Island 6th 2002 ENC and RNC 1:80,000

17426 Kasaan Bay, Clarence Strait; Hollis Anchorage, eastern

part; Lyman Anchorage 15th 2006 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:10,000inset

17427 Portland Canal - Dixon Entrance to Hattie Island 7th 1998 RNC 1:80,000

17428 Revillagigedo Channel, Nichols Passage, and Tongass Narrows; Seal Cove; Ward Cove 10th 2007 ENC and RNC 1:40,000 with 1:10,000

inset

17430 Tongass Narrows 11th 2005 RNC 1:10,000

17431 North End of Cordova Bay and Hetta Inlet 11th 2004 RNC 1:40,000

17432 Clarence Strait and Moira Sound 7th 2004 RNC 1:40,000

17433 Kendrick Bay to Shipwreck Point, Prince of Wales Island 11th 2004 RNC 1:40,000

17434 Revillagigedo Channel; Ryus Bay; Foggy Bay 13th 2005 RNC 1:80,000 with 1:40,000

and 1:20,000 insets

17435 Harbors in Clarence Strait Port Chester, Annette Island;

Tamgas Harbor, Annette Island; Metlakatla Harbor 16th 1999 RNC 1:40,000 with 1:20,000and 1:5,000 insets

17436 Clarence Strait, Cholmondeley Sound and Skowl Arm 9th 2006 RNC 1:40,000

17437 Portland Inlet to Nakat Bay 9th 2004 RNC 1:40,000
Caldwell et al., 2012

50

Appendix B. NOS Hydrographic Surveys used in Compiling the Southeast Alaska DEMs

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H01618A 1883 80,000 Undetermined MLLW

H01891 1888 80,000 Undetermined MLLW

H01996 1889 80,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H02142 1892 80,000 Undetermined MLLW

H02241 1895 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H02333 1897 80,000 Early Alaska Datum MLW

H02558 1901 40,000 Undetermined MLLW

H02665 1903 600,000 Undetermined MLLW

H02857 1906 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H02858 1906 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H02859 1906 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03042 1909 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03042A 1909 40,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03390 1912 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03416 1912 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03417 1912 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03427 1912 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03427I 1912 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03539 1913 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03540 1913 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03547 1913 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03666 1914 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03678 1914 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03679 1914 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03680 1914 10,000 Undetermined MLW

H03691 1914 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03692 1914 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03692A 1914 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03710 1914 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H03781 1915 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03787 1915 40,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03789 1915 40,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03795 1915 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03818 1915 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03880 1915 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03819A 1916 120,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03912 1916 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03930 1916 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03931 1916 40,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03932 1916 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03932I 1916 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03933 1916 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03940 1916 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03932A 1917 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04002 1917 20,000 Undetermined MLLW
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

51

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H04009 1917 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H03819B 1920 120,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04158 1920 50,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04160 1920 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04161 1920 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04191 1920 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04192 1920 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04188 1921 80,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04200 1921 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04203 1921 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04204 1921 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04208A 1921 120,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04208B 1921 60,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04209I1 1921 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04209 1921 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04209I2 1921 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04251 1922 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04252 1922 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04254 1922 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04259 1922 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04260 1922 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04261A 1922 120,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04261B 1922 60,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04264 1922 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04271 1922 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04272 1922 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04273 1922 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04274 1922 50,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04325 1923 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04326 1923 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04330 1923 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04331 1923 30,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04392B 1924 2000 Undetermined MLLW

H04431 1924 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04432 1924 80,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04441 1924 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04443A 1924 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04514A 1925 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04515 1925 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04516 1925 40,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04517A 1925 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04524 1925 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04525A 1925 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04526 1925 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04527 1925 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04528 1925 80,000 Undetermined MLLW
Caldwell et al., 2012

52

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H04529 1925 100000 Undetermined MLLW

H04530 1925 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04534 1925 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04535 1925 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04536 1925 40,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04539 1925 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04594 1926 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04601 1926 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04602 1926 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04603 1926 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04608 1926 20,000 Southeast Alaska Datum MLLW

H04622A 1926 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04623A 1926 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04624 1926 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04625 1926 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04626A 1926 40,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04626AI 1926 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04627 1926 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04640 1926 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04641 1926 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04648 1926 100000 Undetermined MLLW

H04761A 1927 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04773 1927 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04774 1927 10,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04842 1928 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H04843 1928 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H04846 1928 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H04847 1928 20,000 Undetermined MLLW

H05060 1930 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05061 1930 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05079 1930 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05102 1930 10000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05103 1930 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05105 1930 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05106 1930 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05137 1931 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05144 1931 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05145 1931 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05150 1931 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05174 1931 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05175 1931 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05176 1931 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05185 1931 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05205 1932 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05236 1932 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05243 1932 10000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

53

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H05244 1932 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05263 1932 40000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05268 1932 40000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05267 1933 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05281 1933 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05360 1933 10000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05372 1933 10000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05384 1933 10000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05385 1933 10000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05386 1933 20000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05387 1933 20000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05388 1933 20000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H05389 1933 20000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06177 1936 10,000/5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06267 1937 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06268 1937 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06269 1937 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06273 1937 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06275 1937 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06276 1937 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06282 1937 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06283 1937 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06284 1937 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06285 1937 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06336 1938 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06337 1938 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06338 1938 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06339 1938 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06340 1938 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06351 1938 1,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06352 1938 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06353 1938 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06354 1938 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06355 1938 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06358 1938 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06457 1939 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06459 1939 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06458 1940 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06574 1940 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06575 1940 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06576 1940 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06578 1940 40,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06579 1940 200,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06580 1940 40,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06581 1940 100,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06582 1940 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW
Caldwell et al., 2012

54

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H06583 1940 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06584 1940 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06585 1940 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06655 1941 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06666 1941 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06667 1941 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06743 1941 40,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06764 1942 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06765 1942 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06766 1942 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06795 1942 1,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06855 1943 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06856 1943 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06942 1943 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06944 1943 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06945 1943 2,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06946 1943 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06947 1943 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H06948 1943 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07096 1945 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07097 1945 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07163 1945 1,200 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08230 1945 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07095 1946 2,500 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07098 1946 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07189 1947 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07190 1947 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07191 1947 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07193 1947 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07674 1948 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07675 1948 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07676 1948 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07787 1949 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07788 1949 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H07789 1949 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07638 1950 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07860 1950 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07861 1950 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07869 1951 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07930 1951 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07931 1951 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07673 1952 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07961 1952 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07985 1952 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07986 1952 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07988 1952 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

55

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H07989 1952 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08032 1952 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08033 1952 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08036 1953 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08037 1953 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08038 1953 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08064 1953 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08065A 1953 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08065B 1953 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08067 1953 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08125 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08126 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08127 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08128 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08129 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08130 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08131 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08132 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08133 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08134 1954 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08148 1954 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08149 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08150 1954 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08151 1955 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08229 1955 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08231 1955 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08232 1955 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08244 1955 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08245 1955 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08325 1955 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08286 1956 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08287 1956 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08288 1956 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08289 1956 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08290 1956 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08326 1956 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H07987 1957 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08359 1957 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08382 1957 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08383 1957 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08384 1957 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08385 1957 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08391 1957 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08392 1957 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08393 1957 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08440 1958 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW
Caldwell et al., 2012

56

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H08441 1958 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08442 1958 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08443 1958 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08444 1958 40,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08455 1958 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08456 1958 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08457 1958 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08458 1958 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08466 1959 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08467 1959 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08492 1959 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08501 1959 1,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08112 1960 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08517 1960 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08531 1960 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08532 1960 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08545 1960 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08546 1960 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08604 1961 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08605 1961 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08620 1961 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08621 1961 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08622 1961 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08623 1961 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08624 1961 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08640 1962 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08641 1962 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08653 1962 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08654 1962 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08659 1962 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08660 1962 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08665 1962 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08666 1962 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08690 1962 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08691 1962 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08533 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08692 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08715 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08716 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08755 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08756 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08757 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08758 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08759 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08769 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08770 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

57

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H08771 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08798 1963 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08785 1964 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08799 1964 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08800 1964 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08801 1964 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08802 1964 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08815 1964 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08816 1964 20,000/10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08817 1964 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08688 1965 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08872 1965 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09101 1965 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08906 1966 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08907 1966 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09000 1966 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08945 1967 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08946 1967 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08947 1967 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08948 1967 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H08961 1967 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08658 1968 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09039 1968 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09040 1968 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09041 1968 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09055 1968 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09062 1968 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09054 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09056 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09057 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09058 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09066 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09069 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09070 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09078 1969 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09079 1969 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09080 1969 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09081 1969 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09082 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09083 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09084 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09085 1969 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09091 1969 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09092 1969 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H08960 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09121 1970 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW
Caldwell et al., 2012

58

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H09122 1970 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09123 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09124 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09125 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09126 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09127 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09128 1970 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09138 1970 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09139 1970 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09140 1970 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09141 1970 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09142 1970 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09143 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09157 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09158 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09159 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09160 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09161 1970 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09182 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09184 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09214 1970 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09330 1970 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09191 1971 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09192 1971 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09193 1971 1:5,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09194 1971 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09213 1971 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09215 1971 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09216 1971 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09217 1971 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09218 1971 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09219 1971 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09220 1971 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09221 1971 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09222 1971 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09223 1971 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09268 1971 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09146 1972 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09269 1972 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09285 1972 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09286 1972 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09287 1972 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09288 1972 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09309 1972 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09315 1972 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09316 1972 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

59

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H09317 1972 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09318 1972 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09331 1972 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09332 1972 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09333 1972 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09343 1972 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09370 1973 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09392 1973 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09393 1973 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09394 1973 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09401 1973 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09402 1973 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09403 1973 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09405 1973 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09407 1973 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09480 1974 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09481 1974 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09482 1974 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09483 1974 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09571 1975 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09572 1975 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09638 1976 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09650 1976 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09651 1976 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09652 1976 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09653 1976 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09729 1977 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09754 1978 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09756 1978 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09757 1978 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09791 1978 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09792 1978 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09795 1978 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09817 1979 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09818 1979 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09824 1979 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09825 1979 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09847 1979 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09848 1979 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

F00228 1980 5,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09870 1980 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09939 1981 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09976 1981 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09977 1981 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H09982 1981 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H09987 1981 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW
Caldwell et al., 2012

60

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H09990 1981 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

F00240 1982 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10010 1982 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10013 1982 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10047 1982 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10048 1982 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10050 1982 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10051 1982 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10055 1982 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10057 1982 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10060 1982 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10063 1982 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10064 1982 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10065 1982 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

F00250 1983 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

F00251 1983 5,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10085 1983 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10087 1983 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10115 1983 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10118 1983 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10121 1983 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

F00263 1984 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10133 1984 20,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10154 1984 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10155 1984 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10159 1984 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10160 1984 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10163 1984 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10174 1985 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10175 1985 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10176 1985 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10201 1985 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10202 1985 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10203 1985 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10204 1985 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10229 1985 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10227 1986 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10228 1986 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10230 1986 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10231 1986 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10233 1986 5,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10238 1987 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10239 1987 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10240 1987 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10256 1987 40,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10257 1987 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

61

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H10258 1987 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10265 1988 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10268 1988 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10269 1988 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10271 1988 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10272 1988 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10288 1988 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10289 1988 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

F00339 1989 10,000 Early Alaska Datum MLLW

H10295 1989 10,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10296 1989 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10297 1989 20,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10316 1989 5,000 NAD 27 geographic MLLW

H10318 1989 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10319 1989 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

F00358 1990 5,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10333 1990 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10334 1990 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10335 1990 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10336 1990 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10338 1990 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10357 1990 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10358 1990 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10370 1991 5,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10371 1991 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10374 1991 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10376 1991 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10377 1991 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10407 1991 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10408 1991 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10419 1992 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10420 1992 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10425 1992 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10426 1992 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10459 1993 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10462 1993 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10463 1993 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10465 1993 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10466 1993 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10467 1993 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10468 1993 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10469 1993 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10470 1993 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

F00416 1995 5,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10592 1995 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10593AB 1995 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW
Caldwell et al., 2012

62

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H10594 1995 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10595 1995 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10596 1995 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10601AB 1995 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10602 1995 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10604 1995 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10607 1995 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

F00425 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10672 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10673 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10676 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10677 1996 40,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10678 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10679 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10680 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10681 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10682 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10732 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10734A 1996 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

F00432 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10733 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10734B 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10735 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10737 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10738 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10739 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10740 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10742 1997 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10743 1997 40,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10746 1997 5,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10751 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10753 1997 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10754 1997 40,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10756 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10758 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10862 1997 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10736 1998 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10806 1998 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10807 1998 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10808 1998 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10810 1998 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10811 1998 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10812 1998 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10815 1998 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10816 1998 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10818 1998 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

63

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

F00451 1999 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10860 1999 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10861 1999 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10864 1999 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10865 1999 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10866 1999 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10869 1999 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10870 1999 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10879 1999 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10880 1999 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10881 1999 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10882 1999 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10883 1999 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10944 1999 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10949 2000 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10950 2000 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10959 2000 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10967 + 2000 5 m UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW

H10972 2000 2,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H10987 + 2000 5 m UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW

H10988 + 2000 5 m UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW

H11009 + 2000 5 m UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW

H10951 2001 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11048 2001 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11049 2001 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11050 + 2001 5 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11051 2001 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11052 2001 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11053 2001 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11058 2001 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11097 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11098 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11099 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11105 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11106 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11107 + 2002 5 m NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11108 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11109 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11110 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11111 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11121 2002 5,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11131 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11160 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11161 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11162 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11163 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW
Caldwell et al., 2012

64

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H11164 2002 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11165 2002 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11112 2003 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11113 2003 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11117 2003 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11118 2003 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11120 2003 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11134 2003 20,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11236 2003 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11237 2003 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11238 2003 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11239 2003 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11240 2003 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

F00497 2004 5,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11114 2004 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11115 2004 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11116 2004 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11119 2004 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11123 # 2004 5 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11124 # 2004 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11130 + 2004 5 m NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11334 # 2004 Various UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW

H11335 # 2004 Various UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW

H11354 2004 10,000 NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11358 # 2004 10 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11362 # 2004 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11369 + 2004 10 m NAD 83 geographic MLLW

F00503 # 2005 5 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11122 # 2005 10 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11135 # 2005 10 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11270 # 2005 10 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11271 + 2005 10 m NAD 83 geographic MLLW

H11272 # 2005 10 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11363 # 2005 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11364 # 2005 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11403 # 2005 20 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11404 # 2005 10 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11405 # 2005 12 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11406 # 2005 12 m UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW

H11427 # 2005 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11428 # 2005 5 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11449 # 2005 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11469 # 2005 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11470 # 2005 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11507 # 2005 22 m UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW

H11508 # 2005 Various UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW
Digital Elevation Models of Juneau and Southeast Alaska

65

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H11509 # 2005 12m UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW

H11127 # 2006 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11128 # 2006 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11447 # 2006 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11448 # 2006 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11538 # 2006 3m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11539 # 2006 3m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11540 # 2006 3m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11577 # 2006 20m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11578 # 2006 5m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11579 # 2006 2m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11569 # 2007 15m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11570 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11571 # 2007 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11572 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 9 NAD 83 MLLW

H11573 # 2007 20m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11574 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11586 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11659 # 2007 3m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11660 # 2007 3m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11661 # 2007 3m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11662 # 2007 3m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11663 # 2007 3m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11677 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11678 # 2007 5m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11679 # 2007 Various UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11688 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11690 # 2007 5m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11691 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11692 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11696 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11697 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11698 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11699 # 2007 15m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11700 # 2007 5m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11701 # 2007 5m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11702 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11703 # 2007 5m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11704 # 2007 15m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11705 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11706 # 2007 15m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11707 # 2007 15m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11708 # 2007 15m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11727 # 2007 3m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11759 # 2007 20m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11760 # 2007 10m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW
Caldwell et al., 2012

66

Survey ID Year Scale or Resolution Original Horizontal 

Datum

Original Vertical Datum

H11844 # 2008 8 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11845 # 2008 8 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11846 # 2008 4 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11849 # 2008 4 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11850 # 2008 4 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11865 # 2008 3 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11917 # 2008 16 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11993 # 2008 2 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11998 # 2008 16 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

D00143 # 2009 4 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

D00144 # 2009 4 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

D00145 # 2009 4 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

D00146 # 2009 4 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

H11126 # 2009 5 m UTM Zone 8 NAD 83 MLLW

# denotes surveys available in bathymetric attributed grid (BAG) format

+ denotes surveys available in ASCII grid format
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