Presented by: Car ol Hetfield , En vir onmental Pr otection Agency Kat herine Sleasman , En vir onmental Pr otection Agency2



# Pr esen tat ion Outline  

### EP A’ s Concern for Isocy anates & P olyur ethane Pr oducts  

### Pa rtner ships  

### St ewardship Goals  

### Challeng es & Pr ogr ess  

### Backgr ound on TSCA Isocy anates Action Plans  

### Other Activities  Information Gathering Appr oaches  Vo luntary Information R equest Let te r on Curing Rat es of PU Products  Te st Method Development  Significant New Use Rule (SNUR)  Fe der al Agency Coor dination 

###  

### Summary  

### Information Sour ces EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics3 

# EP A’ s Concerns for Isocy ana te s and Po lyur ethane Pr oducts  

### Man y polyurethane pr oducts are mix ed, applied, and/ or manufactured on - sit e in a home, school, or other buildings.  

### Isocy anates are recogniz ed as leading attribut able c ause of occupational asthma.  

### Diisocy anates in v apor s, aer osols, and dust c an c ause:  

### Asthma, respir ato ry & br eathing pr oblems, and in severe ca ses fata l r eactions ha ve been report ed (see NIOSH ALER TS),  

### Skin, eye, and dermal irrit ation,  

### Sensitiz ation (pot en t inhalation & dermal sensitiz er s), and  

### Can trigg er severe asthma atta cks in sensitiz ed per sons, even at very low levels.  

### Amine c ata lysts, flame ret ar dan ts, blowing ag en ts and other ingredients or reaction pr oducts, such as aldeh ydes, ma y also ca use health and en vir onmen ta l effects. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics4



# Pa rtner ships

 

### Fe der al P artner ship:
 US En vir onmental Pr otection Agency  Occupa tional Safety and Health Adminis tr at ion  Na tional Ins titute for Occupa tional Safety and Health  The Consumer Pr oduct Safety Commission (CPSC)  The Agency fo r T

ox ic Subs tances and Disease R egis try (A TSDR) 

###  

### Eng ag emen t with Industry R epr esen tatives:  American Chemis try Council (ACC)  ACC ’s Center For P olyur ethanes Indus try (CPI)  Spr ayPo lyur ethane Foam Alliance (SPFA), r epr esenting applicator s  Individual Chemical and P olyur ethane Pr oduct Manufactur er s EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics5



# St ew ar dship Goals • Avo idance of misleading and/ or deceptiv e mark eting claims. 

# • Accur ate & compr ehensiv e communication of haz ar ds, as well as benefits of polyur ethane pr oducts.  

### Dev elop & adopt pr actices to pr event harmful e xposur es:  

### Ensur e w ork er s ar e tr ained on haz ar ds, pr ocessing and equipmen t, curing r ate s, performance, as well as communicating with other s.  

### Ensur e w orksite isolated and r es trict ed to work er s wearing appr opriate per sonal pr otectiv e equipmen t (PPE).  

### Pr ovide guidance on safe r e - occupancy times/v en tilation.  

### Addr ess r esear ch needs and data g aps on differ en t types of polyur ethane pr oduct formulations and applications. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics6 

# Challeng e – Misleading and/ or Deceptiv e Marketing Claims  

### “No off-- ga ssing ”, “non — to xic” , “g re en “, “e nv ir onmen ta lly friendly ”, “plant - based” , “made fr om soy beans”

, etc.  

### Lit tle is r evealed about chemical ingr edien ts and potential haz ar ds/risks.  

### DIY pr ogr ams showing impr oper pr otection.  

### On - line videos showing un tr ained/unpr otected application of pr oducts.  

### Lack of balance between potential performance benefits and haz ar ds. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics KAS1**Slide 6**

**KAS1** Check spelling

Katherine Sleasman , 5/2/20127



# Pr ogr ess in Addr essing Misleading Marketing Claims
 US Feder al Tra de Commission (FT C) Gr een Guides, see http://www .ftc .g ov/os/2012/10/greenguides.pdf  As part of the its Gr een Guides compliance pr ogr am, FT C r ecently took action ag ainst companies for making false envir onment al marketing claims. The pr oposed consent or der s pr ohibit the companies fr om making claims unless the r epr esent ations ar e true and support ed by compet ent and re liable scientific evidence.  Enhanced Energy St ar R esidential Insulation P artner ship Re quir ements (see separ ate slide).  Indus try guidance - see http://www .spr ay polyurethane.org / GreenMark etingClaims ; and, http:// spr ay polyur ethane.org /Guidance fo r - Videos - or - Images - Showing - SPF - Application

EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics8 

# Challeng e – De ficiencies in Haz ar d Communic at ion
 

### Haz ar d and e xposure contr ol information v aries widely.  

### Ava ilability of Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) – some on - line, other s made a va ilable only after reques t by feder al Agency.  

### Re commendations on respir ator y pr otection v ary , while only a few men tion the possible need for pr otection for “ adjacen t work er s.”  

### Indicate that adequate ventilation is needed but pr ovide little guidance what cons titutes adequate ventilation and methods.  

### Fe w SDSs men tion that skin contact ma y cause an allergic reaction and sensitiz at ion.  

### Sever al SDSs mention that dus t can be gener ated during cutting or abr asive pr ocesses, however , haz ar ds are identified as “mechanical irritation.” EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics9



# Pr ogr ess in Addr essing Haz ar d Communic at ions  

### Fe der al – US EP

A Spr ayP olyur ethane F oam website, OSHA ’s Gr een Jobs site and National Emphasis Pr ogr am, NIOSH ALERTS, numer ous r esour ces and information pag es acr oss feder al Ag ency websites on isocy anates and other chemical haz ar ds (see r esour ces).  

### Indus try - Pr oduct stewar dship activities:
 Fa ct sheets, technical bulletins, websites & portals, see http://spr ay polyur ethane.org/ default.asp x  Other - Spray Fo am Mag azines, indus try newsletter s, blogs, Green Building webinar s, t echnical panels at confer ences, goals in pr oduct sus tainability s tandards.
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# Wh y Bes t Pr actices ar e Import an t

 

### Airborne contaminants ma y be g ener ate d during application pr ocesses, including  

### Va por s, aer osols, and mis ts ge ner ate d during spr ay ing.  

### Dus ts/particulates during trimming /c ut ting /g rinding.  

### Va por s also emit te d during curing pr ocess.  

### Wo rk er s and other s in the ar ea can br ea th harmful airborne contaminants or get them on the skin/ eyes.  

### Bes t Pr actices can help r educe e xposur es t o contaminants.

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# EP A’ s Appr oach to Bes t Pr actices  

### Iden tify es ta blished pr actices fo r engineering or pr ocess efficiencies & contr ol technologies to r educe e xposur es and en vir onmen ta l r eleases,  

### Re view e xis ting work er tr aining materials & pr actices addr essing the use of PPE and contr ol technologies, and  

### Solicit re commendations for innov ative pr actices fr om indus try and field e xperts, capturing the following:  Identify job r elated tasks.  Safe w ork pr actice(s).  Exposur e reduction/pr evention potential of the safe w ork pr actice.  Other r elevant information (i.e., pr os and cons) associated with the safe w ork pr actice. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics12 

# EP A Guidance  

### Checklis ts fo r ins ta ller s and communicating with homeowner s.  

### Ve nt ilation Guidance for SPF Applications/ Aut omotiv e Shops.  

### Self- ev aluation tool for contr act or s of pr actices and st rate gies to pr otect work er s and pr omote the safe use of polyur ethane pr oducts. 

## • Pe riodic assessment tool of their curr ent pr actices and identify ar eas for impr ovement. 

## • Includes the following:  Over 175 Activities (safer workplace pr actices).  Po te ntial for exposur e & impact on worker exposur e.  Four key - oper ation phases: on - going , pr e - application, application, and post - application. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics13



# Challeng e - Tr aining

 

### Ensur e that all work er s re ceiv e compr ehensiv e tr aining on haz ar ds, curing r ate , performance, equipmen t and pr ocessing, as w ell as communicating with other s, including homeowner s.  

### Ensur e pr emises ar e r es trict ed to work er s wearing appr opriate per sonal pr otectiv e equipmen t (PPE).  

### Innov ative solutions to pr event chemical migr ation should continue to be developed and shar ed t o ensur e indus try - wide pr actice.  

### Ensur e homeowner s, teacher s and students, and the ge ner al public ar e not e xposed to haz ar dous chemicals during and after polyur ethane pr oduct applications. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics14



# Pr ogr ess in Tra ining

 

### Indus try – ACC ’s o n - line H&S tr aining & testing cour ses:  

### Low Pr essure SPF Chemical Health and Safety Tra ining  

### High Pr essure SPF Chemical Health and Safety Tra ining
 See http:// spr ay polyurethane.org /SPF - Chemical - Health - and Safety - Tr aining 

###  

### SPFA certification and accr edit ation pr ogr am:  

### SPF Pr ofessional Certification Pr ogr am (PCP) fo r assis tants, ins taller s, mas ter ins taller s, pr ogr am manager s, and field exa miner , see htt p://www .spr ay fo am.org /inde x.php?page_id=4557  

### Tr aining cour ses at confer ences/con ve nt ions  

### Chemical or Pr oduct Manufactur er - Con tr act or tr aining EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics15



# Challeng e - Assessing Exposur es  

### Data are needed to accur ate ly assess the potential for ex posur es with v ariable applications & pr oduct fo rmulations:  Measuring total isocy ana tes ex posur e during application  Measuring indoor air emissions/ off- ga ssing of isocy ana tes and other polyur ethane pr oduct ingr edients (amines, SVOCs, flame retardants, etc.) and reactants. 

###  

### Answering the ques tions:  When can other tr ade w ork er s, building occupants, r esidents, and school childr en safely r e - enter the pr emises after pr oduct application or ins tallation?  Wha t are post - occupancy ve ntilation (H - VA C needs)?

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# Pr ogr ess in Addr essing Exposur e Assessmen t Needs & Da ta Gaps
 Compar at iv e s tudy to v alidate total reactiv e isocy ana te gr oups (TRIG) monitoring method.  Dev eloping ASTM Methods (D22.05) fo r measuring chemical emissions fr om Spr ayPo lyur ethane Foam (see ne xt slide).  Eva luating the impact of incr emental changes in v entilation rate s on the concentr at ion of Spr ayPo lyur ethane Foam v apor & particulates emitted. Included the dev elopment of a generic formula for evaluating Spr ayPo lyur ethane Foam emissions.  Eva luating dus t fr om trimming oper at ions.  International R esear ch Confer ence (Isocy ana tes & Health: P as t, Present, & Futur e, con ve ned in April 2013, at the Bolger Center in Po tomac, MD), see http://www .isocy ana tes2012.org /c ontent/home.cfm  Curing letter da ta submissions – see separ ate slide EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics 1617



# MDI and TDI Action Plans
 

### Diisocy anates:  Re cogniz ed as dermal and inhalation sensitiz er s  Ma y cause as thma, lung damage, and in sev er e cases, fatal re actions 

###  

### EP A is concerned about potential e xposur es t o consumer s and/ or those commer cial work er s not cove re d under OSHA r egulations, and the g ener al population that could r esult fr om the use of pr oducts containing unr eact ed MDI, TDI, and r ela te d compounds.  e.g., application of spr ay - applied sealants and coatings when such pr oducts ar e used in or ar ound buildings such as homes or schools

EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics18



# MDI Action Plan

 

### Based on EP

A’ s scr eening - lev el r eview of haz ar d and ex posur e information EP

A will consider the following actions:  Initiate TSCA section 8(d) r eporting for unpublished health and safety s tudies for uncur ed MDI.  Consider initiating a TSCA section 4 tes t rule to require ex posur e monitoring s tudies in r epr esentative locations wher e commer cial pr oducts ar e ins talled, including on - site application of insulation, sealants, coatings, and adhesiv es, and, e xposur e monitoring s tudies r epr esentatives of polyur ethane pr oducts ins talled in the home (i.e., insulation) or used by the consumer (i.e., foam mattresses).

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# TDI Action Plan

 

### Based on EP

A’ s scr eening - lev el r eview of haz ar d and ex posur e information EP

A will consider the following actions:  Initiate rulemaking under TSCA section 5(a)(2) for a Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) designating certain uses of TDI in a consumer pr oduct as a new use r equiring prior notice to the Agency.  Initiate a TSCA section 8(d) rule for reporting of unpublished health and safety s tudies.  If information indicates further actions ar e w arr anted, EP A wo uld then consider initiating a TSCA section 4 tes t rule t o re quir e e xposur e monitoring s tudies in r epr esentative locations where commercial pr oducts w ould be used. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics20



# Other P ot en tial R egula to ry Actions  

### Consider issuing a data call - in under TSCA section 8(c) Alleg ations of Adv er se E ffects  

### Consider TSCA section 6 action that giv es EP A the authority to pr otect ag ains t unr easonable risk of injury t o health or the en vir onmen t -  If EP A finds that ther e is a r easonable basis t o conclude that the chemical's manufactur e, pr ocessing , dis tribution, use or disposal pr esents an unr easonable risk.  Actions could include but ar e not limited to: pr ohibiting or limiting manufactur e, pr ocessing , or dis tribution in commer ce of a chemical; r equiring w arnings and ins tructions with r espect to use, dis tribution, or disposal; and/ or , re cordk eeping re quir ements. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics21



# In fo rma tion Re ques t Authority

 

### Fo r the purposes of carrying out TSCA, EP A r eques te d companies v oluntarily pr ovide certain information to the Ag ency -  EP A specifically r eques ted information on the curing time re quir ed to chemically r eact all diisocy ana te functional gr oups, and  The amount of time r equir ed to safely r e - occupy or use an ar ea wher e diisocy ana tes ha ve been r eact ed 

###  

### The Ag ency is r eviewing the information to determine what it tells us about consumer and work er e xposur e to polyur ethane pr oducts.

EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics22 

# Ty pes of Informa tion or Da ta R eceiv ed fr om the Informa tion Re ques t
 

### EP A r eceiv ed the following types of data as a r esult of our r eques t including:  

### Fo rmulation Data  

### Safety Data Sheets  

### Indus trial Hygiene Studies  

### Curing information

EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics23 

# Challeng e – Dev elopmen t of T es t Me thods t o Measur e Emissions  Need methods and data that paint the pictur e of “ sour ce - to ex posur e”

, over the life - cycle of the polyur ethane pr oduct.  Re cogniz e as comple x undertaking and its important to k eep tha t in mind as dev elop specific t es t s ystems and pr otocols to addr ess aspects of the lar ger goal.  Need multiple appr oaches to char act eriz e s tage - specific emissions fo r the pr oduct(s).  Need to dev elop/demons tr ate methods that capture the “normal” cur e phase emissions because that is a benchmark for evaluating emissions and off- spec conditions, wher ein –  A methodology is a tool that industry uniformly uses to evaluat e pr oduct formulations, and  Fe der al and/ or state Agencies have access to dat a to bet te r assess the pot ential for exposur es, including modeling exposur es under differ ent scenarios. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics24



# Pr ogr ess - Te stMe thods Dev elopmen t

 EP A’ s Office of R esear ch and Dev elopment is dev eloping tes t methods and pr otocols to gener ate reliable da ta to fill knowledge ga ps related to polyur ethane pr oducts, including  What is emitted and for how long?  What factor s impact emissions?  This w ork supports the ASTM Committee D 22.05 Spr ay Po lyur ethane Foam Insulation (SPFI) emissions test method dev elopment task, which is a component of a br oader s tr ategy to dev elop tes t methods specific to SPFI, as well as tool and models to relate pr oduct emissions to potential e xposur es.  Te st method dev elopment could be used in e xposur e monitoring st udies for uncur ed diisocy ana tes to allow for better under sta nding of potential e xposur es in uncontr olled settings. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics25



# Signific an t New Use Rules (SNURs)

 TSCA section 5(a) authoriz es EP A to determine tha t a use of a chemical subs tance is a “ significant new use.” EP A mus t mak e this determination by rule after considering all r elevant fa ct or s, including those lis ted in TSCA section 5(a)(2), i.e.,  The pr ojected volume of manufacturing and pr ocessing of a chemical substance.  The e xtent to which a use changes the type or form of e xposur e of human beings or the envir onment to a chemical substance  The e xtent to which a use incr eases the magnitude and dur ation of e xposur e of human beings or the envir onment to a chemical substance  The r easonably anticipated manner and methods of manufacturing, pr ocessing, distribution in commer ce, and disposal of a chemical substance  A SNUR r equir es tha t manufactur er s and pr ocessor s of the chemical subject to the SNUR notify EP A at leas t 90 da ys befor e beginning an y activity tha t EP

A has designated as a "significant new use” EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics26



# Pr oposed SNUR for TDI and Re la te d Compounds

 

### The Action Plan cov er ed t oluene diisocy anates (TDI) and TDI - re lated compounds, and stated that EP A would initiate a rulemaking under TSCA section 5(a)(2) fo r a Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) designating cert ain uses of TDI in consumer pr oducts as a new use re quiring prior notice to the Agency.  

### EP A plans to issue a pr oposed SNUR for TDI and re lated compounds in 2014.

EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics27



# Fe der al Ag ency Coor dina tion

 

### Since 2009, these feder al agencies ha ve pur sued actions re lated to work er s and consumer s:  On June 25, 2013, US OSHA announced a thr ee year National Emphasis Pr ogr am on isocy ana tes tha t will focus outr each efforts and inspections on specific haz ar ds for w orkplaces, cons truction, and maritime indus tries. OSHA is also r evisiting isocy ana te PELs.  On June 24, 2013, NIOSH published a r eques t for information on TDI and other TDI - based isocy ana te pr oducts to dev elop a Criteria Document to establish an upda ted R ecommended Exposur e Limit (REL) fo r TDI.  On April 23, 2013, CPSC announced new guidance to clarify the definition of “ st ro ng sensitiz er ” under the Feder al Haz ar dous Subs tances Act (FHSA), which w ould require cautionary labeling. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics28



# Summary  

## The CASE indus try needs to ensur e:  Ther e is compr ehensiv e and clear haz ar d communication for all CASE user s – applicator s, assis tance, other tr ades, do - it - your selfer s, consumer s, and other decision - mak er s (i.e., building manager s, etc.).  Consumer s need clear haz ar d and use w arnings, such as thr ough pr oduct labeling and communications with commer cial contr act or s.  The w ork site is r es tricted to only those wearing appr opriate per sonal pr otectiv e equipment.  Quality contr ol - avo id ins tallation of off- spec, poor performance polyur ethane materials. (see saferpr oducts.gov for complaints of offga s per sistence).  Guidance is pr ovided on re - occupancy time & long - term ventilation (H - VA C) needs.  Mark eting claims ar e accur ate and balanced. EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics29



# Wher e to Get Mor e Information?

 EP A’ s DfE SPF website at http://www .epa.gov/dfe/pubs/pr ojects/spf/ spr ay_polyur ethane_foam.html  NIOSH Alert on Spr ay - on Truck Bed Lining Oper ations at http://www .cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2006 - 149/default.html  OSHA’s isocy anates website at http://www .osha.gov/SL TC/isocy anates/inde x.html  OSHA’s Gr een Jobs Hazar ds website at http://www .osha.gov/dep/gr eenjobs/inde x.html  EP A’ s Action Plan website for MDI: http://www .epa.gov/ opptintr/ ex istingchemicals/pubs/ actionplans/mdi.pdf  Docket MDI http://www .r egulations.gov/#!dock etDetail;rpp=10;po=0;D=EP A - HQ- OPPT 2011 - 0182  American Chemistry Council — Center for the P olyur ethanes Industry website at http://www .spr aypolyur ethane.org/  Spr ay P olyur ethane F oam Alliance’ s website at http://www .spr ay fo am.org/
 Pr oject Coor dinator s:  Car ol Hetfield ; 202 - 564 - 8792; hetfield.car ol@epa.gov  Katherine Sleasman ; 202 - 564 - 7716; sleasman.k atherine@epa.gov EP A Off ice of P ollution Prevention & Toxics

# Thank Y

ou