Use of Data from “Development of 

Generic Link-Level Driving Cycles”,

Sierra Research, May 5, 2009
NOTICE

This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or 

positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data 

that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to 

facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of 

technical developments.

Assessment and Standards Division

Office of Transportation and Air Quality

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Prepared for EPA by

Sierra Research, Inc.

EPA Contract No. EP-C-05-037

Work Assignment No.3-02

Use of Data from “Development of 

Generic Link-Level Driving Cycles”,

Sierra Research, May 5, 2009

EPA-420-B-12-050

August 2012
Use of Data from “Development of Generic Link-Level Driving Cycles”, 

Sierra Research, May 5, 2009

August, 2012 

The report “Development of Generic Link-Level Driving Cycles”, Sierra Research, May 

5, 2009, was developed to document inputs provided to the EPA Motor Vehicle 

Emissions Simulator. This cover note provides additional detail on how this data was 

incorporated into official versions of MOVES, particularly MOVES2010, MOVES2010a 

and MOVES2010b, as released in 2009, 2010 and 2012. All three of these versions of 

MOVES use the same driving cycles and same basic methodology for the road cycles. 

Only light-duty vehicle driving cycles were updated as part of this effort. No new data 

were available to develop heavy or medium duty vehicle driving cycles.

A driving cycle in the MOVES context is a one hertz vehicle speed – time trace that 

represents typical driving of a vehicle over a period of time. It shows the acceleration, 

deceleration and steady state driving events. In MOVES the cycles range in length from 

as little as 265 seconds to over 5000 seconds. The set of default driving schedules in 

MOVES represent typical driving in the United States. 

The central purpose of this study and the subsequent report by Sierra Research was to 

build a library of link-specific and/or project level driving cycles for use in the MOVES 

model as default cycles. In the project Sierra reviewed and analyzed existing driving 

datasets for the purpose of developing actual project-level cycles for specific 

links/roadway types that could be determined from these existing datasets. A total of 15 

of these new cycles were added to the MOVES model as default cycles. 

The MOVES model contains driving cycles for each road-type and speed bin. They also 

reflect traffic congestion levels “A” through “F” as defined by the Federal Highway 

Administration. There are four road-types (combinations of rural and urban and freeway 

and arterial), and thirteen speed bins ranging from 2.5 miles per hour to 75 miles per 

hour. The study was not extensive enough to fill all combinations of road-type and 

speed bin. For these road type and speed bin combinations the existing MOVES driving 

cycle was retained. In a few cases, more than one driving cycle was developed by Sierra 

for a given road-type and speed bin combination. In these cases, the one that was thought 

to be most representative of actual in-use driving was chosen for inclusion in the MOVES 

model as a default driving cycle. Table P-1 lists the set of cycles which were 

incorporated into the MOVES model as default driving cycles. 

Sierra developed some very specific ramp cycles as part of the work assignment. 

Because of the nature of the study, most of these cycles were off-ramp and were highly 

specific to the geography of ramp. As a result, they were not incorporated into MOVES. 

Instead, a cycle with an average speed of 34.7 mph that represents all ramp types – onramp, off-ramp and transition ramp was retained in MOVES. 
Table P-1: Driving Cycles Used in MOVES2010A/B Developed by Sierra Research for 

Report No. SR2009-05-02 

Driving Cycles Used in MOVES2010A/B Developed by Sierra Research for 

Report No. SR2009-05-02 

Driving Cycle Name Average Speed MOVES Index Value

FC01LOSAF Cycle (C10R04-00854) 73.80 1009

FC11LOSB Cycle (C10R02-00546) 66.36 1017

FC11LOSC Cycle (C15R09-00849) 64.40 1018

FC11LOSD Cycle (C15R10-00068) 58.79 1019

FC11LOSE Cycle (C15R11-00851) 46.13 1020

FC11LOSF Cycle (C15R01-00876) 20.60 1021

FC14LOSF Cycle (C15R05-00424) 8.72 1033

FC19LOSAC Cycle (C15R08-00267) 15.73 1043

FC02LOSDF Cycle (C10R05-00513) 49.07 1011

FC14LOSB Cycle (C15R07-00177) 31.02 1029

FC14LOSC Cycle (C10R04-00104) 25.38 1030

FC17LOSD Cycle (C15R05-00480) 18.58 1041

FC12LOSC Cycle (C15R04-00582) 63.66 1024

FC12LOSD Cycle (C15R09-00037) 52.83 1025

FC12LOSE Cycle (C15R10-00782) 43.27 1026
Report No. SR2009-05-02

Development of Generic 

Link-Level Driving Cycles

prepared for:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

May 5, 2009

prepared by:

Sierra Research, Inc.

1801 J Street

Sacramento, California 95811

(916) 444-6666
Report No. SR2009-05-02 

DEVELOPMENT OF GENERIC LINK-LEVEL DRIVING CYCLES

prepared for: 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

May 5, 2009 

Principal authors: 

Thomas R. Carlson 

Thomas C. Austin 

Dennis McClement

Sung-Hoon Yoon 

Sierra Research, Inc.

1801 J Street 

Sacramento, CA 95811 

(916) 444-6666 
-iDEVELOPMENT OF GENERIC LINK-LEVEL DRIVING CYCLES

Table of Contents

Page

1. SUMMARY .................................................................................................................1

2. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................6

2.1 Background ..........................................................................................................6

2.2 Project Objectives ................................................................................................7

2.3 Organization of the Report...................................................................................8

3. DATA IDENTIFICATION AND VALIDATION ....................................................10

3.1 Assessment and Compilation of Existing Driving Datasets ..............................10

3.2 Driving Data Cleaning and Processing ..............................................................19

4. CYCLE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY ........................................................32

4.1 Driving Data Grouping ......................................................................................32

4.2 Driving Group Statistical Characterizations ......................................................35

4.3 Candidate Cycle Construction ...........................................................................43

4.4 Selection of Most Representative Cycles ..........................................................49

4.5 Cycle Optimization Editing ...............................................................................54

5. CYCLE RESULTS ....................................................................................................56

5.1 Cycle Statistics ...................................................................................................56

5.2 Speed-Time Traces ............................................................................................59

6. MOVES CYCLE EMISSIONS COMPARISON ......................................................67

6.1 Testing Study Data and Processing....................................................................67

6.2 Comparison to MOVES Estimates ....................................................................71

7. REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................80

APPENDIX A Driving Population SAFDs, VSP Distributions and Summary Statistics - 

Compensated for Road Grade

APPENDIX B Driving Population SAFDs, VSP Distributions and Summary Statistics - 

Without Road Grade Compensation

APPENDIX C Final Link-Level Driving Cycle Traces

APPENDIX D MOVES vs. CAMP Measured Emission Rates

APPENDIX E Responses to EPA Comments
-iiList of Figures

Figure Page

Figure 3-1 Aerial Image of I-5 and Florin Road Interchange in Sacramento 

Metropolitan Area ..............................................................................................................28

Figure 4-1 Example Driving Population SAFD and Summary Statistics - Urban 

Interstate (FC11) LOS A Driving ......................................................................................40

Figure 4-2 Example Driving Population SAFD and Summary Statistics - Urban 

Interstate (FC11) LOS F Driving .......................................................................................41

Figure 4-3 Short List of Best Candidate Cycles for FC01-LOSA-F Driving ..................51

Figure 5-1 Urban Interstate (FC=11) LOS A Driving Cycle ...........................................60

Figure 5-2 Urban Interstate (FC=11) LOS D Driving Cycle ...........................................60

Figure 5-3 Urban Interstate (FC=11) LOS F Driving Cycle ...........................................60

Figure 5-4 Urban Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS A Driving Cycle ..............................61

Figure 5-5 Urban Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS D Driving Cycle ..............................61

Figure 5-6 Urban Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS F Driving Cycle ..............................61

Figure 5-7 Urban Collector (FC=17) LOS A-C Driving Cycle .......................................62

Figure 5-8 Urban Collector (FC=17) LOS D Driving Cycle ...........................................62

Figure 5-9 Urban Collector (FC=17) LOS E-F Driving Cycle ........................................62

Figure 5-10 Rural Interstate (FC=01) LOS A-F Driving Cycle ......................................63

Figure 5-11 Rural Major Arterial (FC=06) LOS A-F Driving Cycle ..............................63

Figure 5-12 Rural Collector (FC=08) LOS A-F Driving Cycle ......................................63

Figure 5-13 Diamond, Downgrade (D-D) On-Ramp Driving Cycle ...............................64

Figure 5-14 Diamond, Level Grade (D-L) On-Ramp Driving Cycle ..............................64

Figure 5-15 Diamond, Upgrade (D-U) On-Ramp Driving Cycle ....................................64

Figure 5-16 Loop, Downgrade (L-D) On-Ramp Driving Cycle ......................................65

Figure 5-17 Loop, Level Grade (L-L) On-Ramp Driving Cycle .....................................65
-iiiFigure 5-18 Loop, Upgrade (L-U) On-Ramp Driving Cycle ...........................................65

Figure 5-19 Metered On-Ramp Driving Cycle ................................................................66

Figure 5-20 Non-Metered On-Ramp Driving Cycle ........................................................66

Figure 6-1 MOVES vs. CAMP Measured THC Emission Rates by VSP Bin for 

Model Year 1996 Passenger Cars, Ages 6-7 Years ...........................................................75

Figure 6-2 MOVES vs. CAMP Measured CO Emission Rates by VSP Bin for 

Model Year 1996 Passenger Cars, Ages 6-7 Years ...........................................................76

Figure 6-3 MOVES vs. CAMP Measured NOx Emission Rates by VSP Bin for 

Model Year 1996 Passenger Cars, Ages 6-7 Years ...........................................................77

Figure 6-4 Distribution of Operating Frequencies by VSP/Speed Bin, FTP vs. 

All CAMP Driving Cycles .................................................................................................78

List of Tables

Table Page

Table 1-1 Cycle Statistics Summary for Functional Class (FC) Cycles ............................4

Table 1-2 Cycle Statistics Summary for Freeway On-Ramp (OR) Cycles .......................5

Table 3-1 Summary of Driving Data Sources Evaluated for Use in Development 

of Initial MOVES Link-Level Driving Cycles ..................................................................13

Table 3-2 HPMS-Based Functional Class Definitions ....................................................16

Table 3-3 Caltrans/CARB (CAMP) 2000 Route-Based Driving Study SingleSecond Record Counts by Study Area ...............................................................................17

Table 3-4 Illustration of Stops in South Coast Road Segment Database ........................26

Table 3-5 Excerpt of Ramp Coordinates File Used in OR Study Post-Processing ........28

Table 4-1 Distribution of FC Driving Data Records by Functional Class and 

Observed LOS ....................................................................................................................33

Table 4-2 Distribution of OR Driving Data Records by Combined Ramp/Grade 

Type and Ramp Metering Status........................................................................................34

Table 4-3 Comparison of Key Driving Statistics Across Driving Groups ......................42

Table 4-4 Trip Segment Counts by Driving Data Group ..................................................45
-ivTable 4-5 Candidate Cycle Building Input Combinations Per Driving Group ................48

Table 4-6 Approximated Emissions Weighting Scheme .................................................52

Table 4-7 Selected Best Cycles and Their Ranking Based on Non-Cruise 

DiffSum..............................................................................................................................53

Table 5-1 Cycle Statistics Summary for Functional Class (FC) Cycles (Final 

Cycles After Cruise Optimization Editing)........................................................................57

Table 5-2 Cycle Statistics Summary for Freeway On-Ramp (OR) Cycles (Final 

Cycles After Cruise Optimization Editing)........................................................................58

Table 6-1 Key CAMP Emission Test Cycle Statistics....................................................69

Table 6-2 MOVES Running Exhaust Operating Mode Bin Definitions ........................71

Table 6-3 Overall Emission Comparison Between MOVES vs. CAMP 

Measurements by Model Year, Age Group and Vehicle Type .........................................72
-1- 

1. SUMMARY

Under Contract No. EP-C-05-037, Work Assignment No. 3-02 funded by the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Sierra Research, Inc. (Sierra) developed a set 

of specific link-level driving cycles* to support future project-level emissions analysis 

capabilities being built into the MOVES vehicle emission model.

The MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES) model has been designed to provide 

emission estimates ranging from the microscale level (individual projects or roadways) to 

the macroscale level (county, state, and nationwide inventories). Thus far, the MOVES 

development process has focused primary on macroscale applications, such as estimating 

emission inventories in specific counties or regulatory planning areas. 

The next development stage for the model is intended to include more microscaleoriented applications, such as roadway link level modeling or project level modeling. For 

example, the user may want to model the vehicle emissions from a specific expressway 

interchange, or model the expected change in emissions from an arterial roadway corridor 

for which congestion level improvements are expected through signal synchronization or 

widening/capacity increases.

The central purpose of this study was to build a library of link-specific and/or project 

level driving cycles for use in the MOVES model as default cycles. 

EPA originally anticipated that the link-level cycles developed under this study would be 

generic in nature and represent default cases or “placeholders” within the MOVES model 

until more detailed data became available in the future. However, after initial discussions 

between EPA and Sierra, it became clear that “generic” cycles for many types of links or 

project-level applications simply could not be easily or defensibly developed without 

actual measurements. Thus, it was mutually agreed that Sierra would review and analyze 

existing driving datasets for the purpose of developing actual project-level cycles for 

specific links/roadway types that could be determined from these existing datasets within 

the resource limits of the study. In addition, the study would include a brief assessment 

of other types of useful project-level driving cycles that might be of interest to MOVES 

end users, even if driving data for those types of cycles were not currently available. 

The key elements of this effort are summarized as follows. 

 

* Driving “cycles” are second-by-second speed vs. time traces that have been developed from a broader 

sample of driving pattern measurements that are intended to represent a particular population of vehicle 

operation (e.g., all freeways).
-2- 

Existing Data Assessment – Before consideration was given to the particular type of linklevel cycles to be developed under this study for use in MOVES, an assessment of 

available data for generating such cycles was first performed. In reviewing potential 

sources of existing driving data, specific criteria were established that would be used to 

determine whether the type of data was adequate for the development of link-level

driving cycles. These criteria included the following: 

• The type of measurement technologies employed; 

• The range of data collected; and

• The parameters or attributes that had been used in the existing data to characterize 

different types of driving, or that could be determined through subsequent postprocessing. 

Ten existing driving studies (or types of studies) were evaluated. Data from two of these 

studies were selected for use in developing link-level driving cycles: 

1. Caltrans/CARB 2000 California Route-Based Driving; and 

2. CARB/Sierra 2004 Sacramento Ramp Driving.

These datasets were selected because they were very well-suited to being able to be 

organized into logical groups that matched these capabilities of other models (travel 

models) that would often be used or available for project-level analysis. 

Although significant post-processing had to be performed on the 2004 Sacramento Ramp 

Driving data, EPA placed a very high priority on development of freeway on-ramp cycles 

under this effort.

Data Validation and Post-Processing – A series of data cleaning/validation procedures 

were applied to both datasets under this effort. A key validation element consisted of the 

development and application of an algorithm to post-process GPS-based altitude 

measurements to produce reasonable estimates of second-by-second road grade. 

As alluded to above, another significant component of this validation/processing phase 

consisted of “mining” freeway on-ramp traverses from a broader collection of data over 

other roadway types contained in the 2004 Sacramento Ramp Driving database. In 

addition, the ramp traverses were able to be classified into several different 

configurations (e.g., metered vs. non-metered ramps) for which project-level analyses are 

often of interest. 

Driving Data Grouping and Statistical Characterization – Under this element, the 

validated and post-processed driving data were categorized into two separate sets of 

driving groups: (1) roadway type and congestion level groups; and (2) common ramp 
-3- 

configuration groups. Exhaustive sets of driving data statistics, including MOVES-based 

Vehicle-Specific Power distributions, were then calculated and tabulated for each 

individual “link-level” driving group. 

Driving Cycle Development – A total of 47 distinct link-level second-by-second driving 

cycles were developed to best match the statistical characterizations developed for each 

driving group. Thirty-nine (39) of the cycles were developed for individual roadway type 

and congestion level combinations (covering all roadway types and congestion levels). 

Eight of the cycles were specific to freeway on-ramps. Although these on-ramp cycles 

were limited in their representativeness by the relative lack of available data, an 

alternative approach based on driving data Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) distributions is 

suggested for implementation of the specialized on-ramp driving patterns into MOVES. 

MOVES Emission Rate Evaluation – Finally, a “sidebar” task was performed under this 

effort that consisted of a comparative analysis of MOVES emission estimates against 

actual modal emission measurements from an earlier transient cycle testing program. 

The purpose was to provide EPA with another source of actual emission measurements 

for MOVES validation purposes. Although the comparison was limited to a degree by 

the size of the emission measurement dataset and the resources available under this study, 

a series of detailed comparisons of actual total hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide 

(CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission rates from the study were compared to 

equivalent rates currently contained in MOVES. Although a few anomalies were found, 

MOVES’ rates were found to be in general agreement with the actual measurements, 

once sample size and content were considered.

Tables 1-1 and 1-2 present key statistics for each of the link-level driving cycles 

developed under this effort. 

Table 1-1 lists these statistics for the cycles developed by roadway type and congestion 

level. The notations for the cycle names listed are based on the HPMS Functional Class 

(a roadway type categorization scheme) and Level of Service (LOS, a measure of 

congestion). (Section 3 of the report provides more details about these schemes.) Both 

rural (FC01 through FC09) and urban (FC11 through FC19) cycles were developed. The 

summary statistics presented in Table 1-1 show expected differences across driving 

groups. For example, speeds generally decrease with increasing congestion (from LOS A 

to LOS F).

Table 1-2 presents similar statistical comparisons for the specialized on-ramp cycles. 

These cycles were developed for distinct ramp shapes (Diamond vs. Loop), road grades 

(Downgrade, Level, Update), and ramp metering states (On or Off).
-4- 

Table 1-1 

Cycle Statistics Summary for Functional Class (FC) Cycles

Driving

Cycle

No. of 

Segs

Time

(min)

Dist.

(miles)

Speeds (mph) Mean Specific 

Power (hp/lb)

Total 

Mean Max Min DiffSum

FC01LOSAF 6 9.47 11.64 73.80 84.43 60.51 0.0431 0.1264

FC02LOSAC 9 12.45 11.47 55.26 78.84 0.00 0.0452 0.1593

FC02LOSDF 7 11.33 9.27 49.07 73.06 0.00 0.0585 0.2258

FC06LOSAF 10 13.25 9.82 44.45 67.70 0.00 0.0527 0.1783

FC07LOSAF 4 24.27 17.18 42.47 69.87 0.00 0.0646 0.1466

FC08LOSAF 5 11.07 7.12 38.62 63.61 0.00 0.0725 0.2111

FC09LOSAF 12 16.47 8.25 30.05 65.79 0.00 0.0617 0.1982

FC11LOSA 7 7.87 8.47 64.60 80.15 42.33 0.0589 0.2092

FC11LOSB 7 8.63 9.55 66.37 81.84 50.28 0.0537 0.1428

FC11LOSC 13 15.07 16.17 64.41 78.19 42.53 0.0513 0.0990

FC11LOSD 13 12.15 11.90 58.79 76.78 15.25 0.0494 0.1585

FC11LOSE 13 16.20 12.45 46.12 71.50 0.00 0.0567 0.2032

FC11LOSF 12 15.07 5.18 20.62 55.48 0.00 0.0364 0.1653

FC12LOSA 12 13.20 11.87 53.97 78.98 0.00 0.0491 0.1870

FC12LOSB 10 13.23 14.63 66.35 79.05 50.07 0.0458 0.1032

FC12LOSC 10 14.77 15.67 63.67 79.39 42.84 0.0562 0.1293

FC12LOSD 13 13.33 11.75 52.88 73.15 0.00 0.0555 0.1981

FC12LOSE 12 15.20 10.96 43.28 70.87 6.73 0.0605 0.2300

FC12LOSF 11 16.37 5.19 19.01 53.65 0.00 0.0339 0.1514

FC14LOSA 9 15.48 6.59 25.55 63.09 0.00 0.0520 0.1394

FC14LOSB 14 12.55 6.49 31.02 63.81 0.00 0.0619 0.3005

FC14LOSC 12 8.53 3.61 25.39 53.09 0.00 0.0626 0.2991

FC14LOSD 14 13.33 4.82 21.71 54.80 0.00 0.0467 0.1346

FC14LOSE 18 14.20 4.09 17.26 49.94 0.00 0.0435 0.1569

FC14LOSF 22 14.20 2.07 8.73 44.16 0.00 0.0246 0.1444

FC16LOSA 17 14.13 6.27 26.62 62.88 0.00 0.0528 0.1702

FC16LOSB 16 13.77 6.78 29.54 69.88 0.00 0.0679 0.2234

FC16LOSC 22 14.98 5.81 23.29 53.11 0.00 0.0567 0.1747

FC16LOSD 15 15.35 5.60 21.91 54.10 0.00 0.0479 0.1224

FC16LOSE 17 12.30 3.01 14.67 50.64 0.00 0.0451 0.1764

FC16LOSF 12 9.80 1.72 10.55 43.46 0.00 0.0315 0.1428

FC17LOSAC 21 14.12 5.12 21.76 53.28 0.00 0.0525 0.1393

FC17LOSD 18 11.80 3.66 18.60 50.33 0.00 0.0505 0.1941

FC17LOSEF 17 8.22 1.53 11.19 49.24 0.00 0.0391 0.2342

FC19LOSAC 27 14.48 3.80 15.74 37.95 0.00 0.0410 0.1125

FC19LOSDF 29 14.88 2.98 12.02 37.62 0.00 0.0336 0.1072

FC21LOSAF 10 4.02 1.71 25.55 59.56 0.00 0.0761 0.5328

FC22LOSAF 17 5.70 1.86 19.61 62.05 0.00 0.0491 0.4144

FC23LOSAF 9 6.23 4.46 42.95 75.06 0.00 0.0574 0.3080

LA4 (FTP) 18 22.87 7.44 19.53 56.70 0.00 N/A N/A

UC (LA92) 15 24.15 10.00 24.85 67.20 0.00 N/A 0.3520
-5- 

Table 1-2 

Cycle Statistics Summary for Freeway On-Ramp (OR) Cycles 

Driving

Cycle

No. of 

Segs

Time

(min)

Dist.

(miles)

Speeds (mph) Mean Specific 

Power (hp/lb)

Total 

Mean Max Min DiffSum

OR_D-D 1 0.47 0.29 37.17 60.18 0.00 0.2442 1.0688

OR_D-L 2 1.15 0.56 29.37 60.86 0.00 0.1103 0.8692

OR_D-U 2 0.48 0.21 26.23 45.37 0.00 0.1342 1.1215

OR_L-D 1 0.40 0.24 36.52 46.96 30.08 0.1119 0.9810

OR_L-L 1 0.42 0.28 39.72 56.84 31.08 0.1640 1.2125

OR_L-U 1 0.40 0.24 36.41 54.38 29.18 0.1647 1.0110

OR_MON 3 1.08 0.25 13.71 37.88 0.00 0.0442 0.8785

OR_MOF 1 0.52 0.23 27.04 46.96 0.00 0.1348 1.1339

### 
-6- 

2. INTRODUCTION

This introduction provides a review of the background behind the effort, the project 

objectives, and the organization of the remainder of the report. 

2.1 Background

The successor to MOBILE6, MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES), has been 

designed to provide emission estimates ranging from the microscale level (individual 

projects or roadways) to the macroscale level (county, state, and nationwide inventories). 

Thus far, the MOVES development process has focused primary on macroscale

applications, such as estimating emission inventories in specific counties or regulatory 

planning areas. 

The next development stage for the model will include more microscale-oriented

applications, such as roadway link level modeling or project level modeling. For 

example, the user may want to model the vehicle emissions from a specific expressway 

interchange, or model the expected change in emissions from an arterial roadway corridor 

for which congestion level improvements are expected through signal synchronization or 

widening/capacity increases.

It is well-known that vehicle emissions vary significantly with the manner in which 

vehicles are driven. Emissions in today’s almost entirely catalyst-equipped fleet are very 

sensitive to changes in driving patterns and acceleration rates. Moreover, driving patterns 

and acceleration rates are inherently related to the types of roadways (and their respective 

speed limits), traffic conditions, and drivers or vehicles being considered. Other factors 

that affect driving patterns include road grade (i.e., elevation change) and curvature.

For example, vehicles traveling on an uncongested freeway are likely to be characterized 

by sustained high-speed cruising patterns. On the other hand, one would expect travel 

along a signalized arterial corridor with heavy traffic levels to be characterized by 

frequent stop-and-go (i.e., transient) driving patterns. Depending on the congestion level, 

this could include substantial idling or queuing at the red phase of a traffic signal with top 

speeds not even approaching the posted speed limit. Travel patterns (specifically, 

acceleration characteristics) on a particular type of arterial road in a hilly, winding region 

are likely to differ from those on the same type of arterial road in a flat, level area with 

little road curvature.
-7- 

Driving “cycles” are second-by-second speed vs. time traces that have been developed 

from a broader sample of driving pattern measurements that are intended to represent a 

particular population of vehicle operation (e.g., all freeways).

For macroscale (regional, county-wide) emission estimates, MOVES uses basic emission 

rates that are developed from a series*

 of “composite” driving cycles intended to 

represent collective driving patterns aggregated over all types of roadways, speed limits, 

congestion levels, and variations in individual driver behavior. However, these 

composite cycles cannot be used to represent microscale vehicle operating patterns 

specific to individual types of roadways or traffic conditions (e.g., congested vs. 

uncongested). 

As EPA enhances the MOVES model to incorporate emissions analysis on a smaller 

“project-level” scale such as an individual roadway, freeway interchange, or corridor, it is 

necessary to develop characterizations of specific types of vehicle operating patterns that 

match these project-level scales.

2.2 Project Objectives

The purpose of this study was to build a library of link-specific and/or project-level 

driving cycles for use in the MOVES model as default cycles. EPA originally anticipated 

that the link-level cycles developed under this study would be generic in nature and 

represent default cases or “placeholders” within the MOVES model until more detailed 

data became available in the future. However, after initial discussions between EPA and 

Sierra, it became clear that “generic” cycles for many types of links or project-level 

applications simply could not be easily or defensibly developed without actual 

measurements. Thus, it was mutually agreed that Sierra would review and analyze 

existing driving datasets for the purpose of developing actual project-level cycles for 

specific links/roadway types that could be determined from these existing datasets within 

the resource limits of the study. In addition, the study would include a brief assessment 

of other types of useful project-level driving cycles that might be of interest to MOVES 

end users, even if driving data for those types of cycles were not currently available. 

The tern “link” as used here comes from transportation modeling and refers to a 

particular type and length of roadway, e.g., a half-mile arterial road segment between two 

major intersections. The intent was that this library of cycles be developed in a manner 

in which they could be well-matched or aligned with roadway “link-level” activity 

outputs produced by regional or intersection-level transportation planning models. Thus, 

a key component of the analysis consisted of reviewing and identifying the types of 

transportation/traffic model outputs typically available to perform project-level motor 

vehicle emission calculations. 

 

* These cycles include the LA4 Urban Driving Cycle used in the Federal Test Procedure (FTP), the EPA 

Highway (HFET) cycle and the US06 (Supplemental FTP) Driving Cycle.
-8- 

Once the types of travel classifications that are typically available from upstream traffic 

models had been established, another key element of the study consisted of reviewing the 

existing driving datasets to determine how well their data classifications matched those 

schemes generally used in traffic modeling. It was also important to identify where 

useful variations of these classifications could be rendered from re-processing or 

“mining” the existing driving datasets. 

For example, as discussed in detail later in the report, some of the existing driving 

datasets evaluated under the study identified the type of roadway being driven, which 

included separate classifications for freeway on-ramps, off-ramps, and freeway-tofreeway transition ramps. A valuable variation on this scheme that is well-suited to 

potential microscale project-level use would further subdivide the on-ramp data into 

metered and non-metered on-ramps. This “data mining” or re-processing was performed 

when possible within the available resources for the study. Where useful data mining 

could not be performed within the study resources, but techniques or ancillary datasets 

were available to do so, the report points these out for future analysis. 

2.3 Organization of the Report

Following this introductory section, the remainder of the report is organized as follows. 

Section 3 describes the data sources considered and evaluated for use in development of 

the initial set of MOVES link-level driving cycles. It discusses the criteria used to assess 

whether particular types of existing driving data were viable for use under the study. It 

also summarizes the basic data processing and quality assurance methodologies used to 

validate the data prior to their use in constructing driving cycles. 

Section 4 discusses the step-by-step methodologies used to develop representative driving 

cycles that can be applied in a wide variety of link-specific or project-level applications. 

These steps include grouping of the driving data in a manner well-suited to link-level 

project analysis, development of statistical characterizations of the data in each group, 

construction of candidate cycles, and selection and optimization of the most 

representative cycles within each driving group. 

Section 5 shows and explains the resulting final cycles in each group. Both tabular 

statistics and speed-time traces plots are provided and discussed. 

Section 6 presents and discusses detailed results of a comparison of modal (second-bysecond) emissions measured over a series of driving cycles to corresponding operating 

mode-specific THC, CO, and NOx emission estimates currently contained in MOVES. 

Section 7 contains a list of references cited in the body of the report.

Appendix A contains detailed statistics for each driving group population including 

speed-acceleration frequency distributions and MOVES-based Vehicle-Specific Power 
-9- 

bin distributions. The VSP distributions in this appendix were calculated to account for 

measured road grade.

Appendix B is a similar to Appendix A, except the VSP bin distributions were 

determined without accounting for road grade (i.e. level roadways were assumed). 

Appendix C contains the complete set of speed vs. time traces for each of the driving 

cycles developed under this effort. 

Finally, a detailed emission rate comparison of MOVES against actual measurements 

from a recent transient cycle testing study are is presented in Appendix D. 

### 
-10- 

3. DATA IDENTIFICATION AND VALIDATION

Before consideration was given to the particular type of link-level cycles to be developed 

under this study for use in MOVES, an assessment of available data for generating such 

cycles was first performed. This section of the report describes the types of driving data 

and sources evaluated for the purpose of developing link-level cycles. It also explains 

which types of data were utilized for this effort and why. Finally, it summarizes the 

procedures used to check, validate, and, in some cases, correct “as measured” data from 

the field.

(In this section and the following sections, computer programs or scripts written under 

this effort to process, analyze, and validate driving data and develop driving cycles from 

those data for use in MOVES are identified in italics.) 

3.1 Assessment and Compilation of Existing Driving Datasets

Data Sources Considered – In reviewing potential sources of existing driving data, it was 

necessary to define certain criteria that would be used to determine whether the type of 

data was adequate for the central purpose of the study, which was to develop driving 

cycles for future use in MOVES. These criteria are outlined below.

• Availability of second-by-second speed (or GPS position) data – MOVES requires 

input driving patterns or cycles to be defined either by operating mode 

(VSP/speed) or second-by-second. Practically, when considering the types of 

existing driving data studies that have been conducted, this translates to a need for 

second-by-second measurements; preferably, actual vehicle speed measurements 

would be collected. Speeds calculated from differentiated second-by-second GPS 

position (latitude, longitude) measurements would be minimally acceptable if the 

measurements reflect sub-meter position accuracy. (This level of accuracy is 

needed to properly capture and represent transient driving patterns on par with 

direct speed measurements.)

• Ability to identify the specific roadways and locations being driven – Some types 

of studies used either GPS measurements or ancillary measurements/procedures 

to identify the specific roadway (and classify roadway types) being driven. 

Obviously, in order to develop MOVES driving cycles that represent specific type 

of roadway links (e.g., urban, major arterials), it is vital to identify the types of 

roadways over which the driving data are collected.
-11- 

• Knowledge of the vehicle type(s) being measured – Driving patterns differ 

significantly between light- and heavy-duty vehicles due to differences in 

acceleration performance and maneuverability between the two types of vehicles. 

If a driving study did not identify the type of vehicles that were measured, it 

would not be useful unless it was able to properly represent the mix of light- and 

heavy-duty vehicles traveling on a given type of roadway.

• Understanding of the manner in which the data were collected – Some existing 

driving studies used an instrumented “chase car” to covertly follow and measure 

speeds of randomly selected vehicles. Other types of studies involved the 

placement of a self-contained instrumentation package (including data acquisition 

and storage) in a sample of vehicles, which was then retrieved after a given period 

(e.g., a week). Both the chase car (CC) and self-contained instrumented vehicle 

(IV) studies have the potential not only to measure the average or typical driving 

pattern over a given type of roadway, but also, with sufficient samples, to

represent driver-to-driver variations in driving patterns (e.g., aggressive vs. 

cautious drivers). Other types of studies, called “floating car” studies (primarily 

conducted by transportation planning agencies), collect speed measurements on 

specific roadways or facilities using a vehicle where the driver is directed to 

“float” along at what is judged to be the mean speed of surrounding vehicles. 

This floating car-based approach has limited usefulness for development of linklevel driving cycles in MOVES because it does not capture the actual speed-time 

profiles that affect resulting vehicle emissions estimated for the link. 

(A simple example of this variation might consist of two different vehicles 

traversing an arterial roadway corridor with a series of signalized intersections 

that are pre-timed to allow the corridor to be traversed at a steady cruise speed of 

30 mph. The cautious vehicle/driver might follow that intended steady 30 mph 

cruise pattern. On the other hand, an aggressive or impatient driver might 

accelerate to speeds well over 30 mph between signals and have to slow to a stop 

or a speed well below 30 mph when approaching the red phase at each 

intersection. In both cases, the average speeds of each vehicle would be identical, 

but the individual driving patterns and vehicle emissions would be dramatically 

different; the second vehicle, with much more stop-and-go transient operation, 

would be expected to have measurably higher emissions than the first.) 

Given these requirements, Sierra reviewed existing driving data from a variety of existing 

sources. 

Table 3-1 lists each of these potential data sources (sorted in reverse chronological order) 

and briefly summarizes the nature of each study. It also identifies the speed measurement 

method used in each study and highlights the key issues that were considered in weighing 

whether the data were adequate and available for use under this effort.
-12- 
-13- 

Table 3-1 

Summary of Driving Data Sources Evaluated for 

Use in Development of Initial MOVES Link-Level Driving Cycles

Study Method Key Considerations Verdict

EPA 2004-2005 Kansas City PEMS Driving

- Limited sample of real-world driving

- Recruited under Phase 2 PEMS testing

Instrumented 

Vehicle

- Potential data quality 

problems

- Availability issues

Rejected

CARB/Sierra 2004 Sacramento Ramp Driving

 - Driving measurements collected on over 250 

freeway ramps of different configurations

Chase Car - Ramp segments not identified

- Post-processing required Used

SCAG 2004 Arterial Speed Study

- Multiple traverses of ten arterial corridors in 

Los Angeles area during congested conditions

Floating Car - Limited sample

- Floating car-based Rejected

Georgia Tech 2001-2004 Atlanta Driving

- Over 1,600 vehicles, instrumented 2-3 years

- GPS, accelerometer, and OBD system based 

speeds

Instrumented 

Vehicle

- Robust dataset

- Lack of data availability due 

to privacy concerns

Rejected

Caltrans/CARB 2000 California Route Driving

- Data collected over several hundred representative 

driving routes in four areas of California

- Included both urban and rural areas

- Used standardized method for classifying road 

types and congestion levels encountered

Chase Car

- Robust dataset

- Data already validated from 

prior study

Used

2000-Present MPO Travel Time Studies

- Speed and/or travel time measurements collected 

over key corridors in metropolitan areas

- Data collected for validation of travel model 

speeds

Floating Car/ 

Stopwatch

- Floating car speeds at best

- Only point-to-point travel 

times often measured

Rejected

Caltrans 1997-2000 California Segment Driving

- Speeds measured over traverses of samples of 

HPMS roadway segments in Sacramento, San 

Francisco and San Joaquin Valley

- Included both urban and rural segments

Chase Car

- 20% of the 2000 Route 

Driving sample size

- Data not fully validated

Rejected

1997-2000 CARB Heavy-Duty Truck Studies

- GPS-based speeds of heavy-duty trucks performed 

by Battelle and Jack Faucett & Associates

- Roughly 150 vehicles from the combined studies

- Vehicles instrumented roughly 5 days, on average

GPS-Only

Instrumented

Vehicle

- Concerns with data quality

- Likely sample bias

- Significant post-processing 

requirements

Rejected

1992 EPA/ERG “3-City” Driving Studies

- Representative samples of drivers/vehicle speeds

- Some 250 vehicles instrumented for one week 

each in Atlanta, Baltimore and Spokane

Instrumented 

Vehicle

- Roadway types & locations 

not available

- Dated study – preceded repeal 

of 55 mph speed limit

Rejected

1992 CARB/Sierra Route Driving

- Data collected over a few hundred representative 

road routes in Baltimore, Los Angeles, and 

Spokane

Chase Car

- Roadway types & locations 

not available

- Dated study – preceded repeal 

of 55 mph speed limit

Rejected
-14- 

As shown in Table 3-1, although some ten existing study datasets (or type) were 

reviewed and evaluated, only two were found to be both viable and readily available for 

use in developing link-level MOVES driving cycles: 

1. Caltrans/CARB 2000 California Route-Based Driving; and 

2. CARB/Sierra 2004 Sacramento Ramp Driving. 

Although the Georgia Tech (GT) instrumented vehicle data appear to be very extensive, 

EPA has indicated that the data have been difficult to obtain from GT due to privacy 

concerns. As indicated in Table 3-1, a number of the other datasets were rejected due to 

the quality of the data (floating-car-based measurements, substantial additional postprocessing requirements, etc.). The two 1992 study datasets listed at the bottom of 

Table 3-1 were collected prior to the 1995 repeal of the federal 55-mph freeway speed 

limit. Comparisons of driving patterns between the chase-car-based route driving studies 

conducted in Los Angeles in 1992 and 2000 indicated a significant shift toward more 

higher speed, higher acceleration/deceleration driving. This has been attributed to both 

the 55-mph speed limit repeal on freeways as well as a significant increase in the powerto-weight ratio and acceleration capability of the average light-duty vehicle since the 

early 1990s. Thus, the two 1992 datasets were excluded from the analysis because they 

do not represent driving patterns of today’s light-duty vehicle fleet.

More extensive descriptions of the two driving datasets selected for use in development 

of link-level cycles are given below. As explained in these sections, the 2000 

Caltrans/CARB Route-Based data were well-suited for representing link-level driving 

patterns by standardized roadway type and congestion level. The 2004 Sacramento 

Ramp data were used to characterize driving over different types of freeway on-ramps, a 

key roadway type that EPA indicated of high interest for improving within MOVES. 

Caltrans/CARB 2000 California Route-Based Driving – These route-based studies1,2

were performed in calendar year 2000 under a joint agency workgroup called CAMP 

(Caltrans/ARB Modeling Program) led by the California Department of Transportation 

(Caltrans) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB), which coordinated a multistudy research program to develop and implement speed correction factor (SCF) and 

emissions modeling improvements. These CAMP driving studies consisted of collecting 

second-by-second speed data using an instrumented chase car over a representative set of 

actual road routes within each of four separate study areas in California:

1. Sacramento metropolitan area;

2. San Francisco Bay Area;

3. Stanislaus County (including the Modesto metropolitan area); and 

4. South Coast (i.e., Los Angeles) combined metropolitan area.

The set of road routes were determined from trip-weighted random samples of origin to 

destination based trips obtained from each study area’s regional travel demand model. 

These route samples were also stratified by time of day (and directionally driven in each 

time period) based on time-of-day trip population weightings obtained from the travel 
-15- 

models. The road routes driven under these studies therefore contained AM peak, PM 

peak, and off-peak routes on a representative mixture of congested and uncongested 

roads in each study area. Under the route-based studies, 100 routes (across all three time 

periods) were generally driven from two to four times each. 

The datasets from each of these driving studies consisted of second-by-second 

measurements of the chase car speed and the “target” vehicle (i.e., the vehicle being 

randomly followed by the chase car) speed when a target was being followed and tracked 

by the laser. (During these studies, the chase car was usually, but not always, “locked 

on” in pursuit of a target vehicle. For example, if a target vehicle being followed turned 

off the chase car’s intended route, the chase car was instructed to flow with traffic until a 

new target vehicle could be randomly selected and followed and tracked with the laser.) 

The post-processed datasets thus also included a third second-by-second speed trace, 

referred to as the “composite” trace, which was created by combining target vehicle 

speeds when a target was being followed with the chase car speeds when no target was 

available. (Since the chase car was instructed to flow with traffic during these generally 

short periods when a target vehicle was dropped until another target could be selected and 

followed, this substituted chase car speed in the composite trace was considered 

representative.)

These datasets contained driving in both urban and rural areas. In the post-processing 

that was performed under each of these studies, the type of roadway the vehicle was 

traveling on during each second was also recorded in the output dataset.* (The reader is 

referred to the original study reports cited earlier for more details on how the roadway 

type classifications were performed and validated.) The fact that second-by-second 

roadway type determinations had already been performed was a key factor in selecting 

the CAMP driving data for use in development of roadway-specific link-level driving 

cycles for MOVES.

Moreover, these determinations were performed using a standardized roadway 

classification scheme used by every state transportation agency to submit travel data to 

the Federal Highway Administration through the Highway Performance Monitoring 

System (HPMS): the Functional Class scheme for roadway types. 

Table 3-2 describes this roadway type scheme. As it shows, this scheme categorizes 

roadways into both rural and urban classes. Within each broad class, six separate 

categories are used to distinguish each type of roadway, based primarily on its purpose or 

function within a regional roadway system. 

 

* The technique for “locating” the roadway during each second of data collected used digitally marked flags 

in the raw data that were recorded by the chase car navigator using a hand-held switchbox. By flipping a 

switch, the navigator “time stamped” points along road routes or segments that corresponded to the start 

and end of each type of roadway. During post-processing, these time-stamps were temporally merged with 

the types of roadway within each route or on each segment from Route/Segment definition tables to 

identify the type of road during each second of data collection.
-16- 

Table 3-2 

HPMS-Based Functional Class Definitions

Code Road Classification Abbrev Definition

HPMS Rural Functional Classes

01 Principal Arterial Interstate R-PAI Serves corridor movements having trip length and 

travel density characteristics of statewide or 

interstate travel 02 Other Principal Arterial R-OPA

06 Minor Arterial R-MA Links cities, larger towns, and traffic generators

07 Major Collector R-MJC Provides service to county seats and larger towns 

not served by arterials

08 Minor Collector R-MNC

Serves intracounty corridors and developed areas 

within a reasonable distance of a major collector 

road

09 Local R-LOC Provides access to adjacent land and service to short 

distance travel

HPMS Urban Functional Classes

11 Principal Arterial Interstate U-PAI

Carries the major portion of trips entering or leaving 

urban areas as well as the majority of through trips 

bypassing the central city

12 Principal Arterial Other 

Freeway/Expressway U-OFE

14 Other Principal Arterial U-OPA

16 Minor Arterial U-MA

Interconnects and expands the Principal Arterial 

system and provides services for moderate distance 

travel

17 Collector U-COL

Provides land access and traffic circulation within 

urban neighborhoods, commercial, and industrial 

areas

19 Local U-LOC Provides access to neighboring land or functionally 

classified roads

Other Classifications

21 On-Ramp - On-ramp section providing access to freeway from 

arterial system

22 Off-Ramp - Off-ramp section providing egress from freeway to 

arterial system

23 Transition Ramp - Freeway-to-freeway transition ramp

Although Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) use different schemes to 

represent roadway types within their regional networks, these MPO-specific schemes 

generally can be easily mapped to the HPMS Functional Class scheme. Thus, driving 

data (and cycles generated from them) that have been categorized by HPMS Functional 

Class can be universally utilized for project-level uses across many jurisdictions. 

In addition to the Functional Class categories as defined under HPMS, Table 3-2 

highlights separate classifications that were also made for freeway on-ramps, off-ramps, 
-17- 

and freeway-to-freeway transition ramps. This represents a revision to the way in which 

roadways are classified within HPMS, where ramps are considered part of the interstates 

or other freeways they serve. However, separation of ramps from freeway segments 

themselves is consistent with the way in which they are distinctly classified in MPO 

travel models and allows driving pattern differences between freeways and ramps to be 

explicitly distinguished.

Since the datasets contained the Functional Class designation for each second of data 

based on the post-processing as described in the preceding paragraphs, it was also easy to 

divide the driving data from all of these studies into both urban and rural groups for 

creating separate urban and rural (or non-urban) driving cycles. 

Table 3-3 shows the number of second-by-second urban and rural driving data records 

contained in each of the chase car study datasets. As shown, the combined datasets 

contain over 267,000 rural records and over 1.2 million urban records, providing large

samples of actual driving patterns measured in both urban and rural areas for cycle 

development. 

Table 3-3 

Caltrans/CARB (CAMP) 2000 Route-Based Driving Study 

Single-Second Record Counts by Study Area

Driving 

Study Area

Single-Second Data Records

Rural Urban Total

Bay Area (SF) 5,361 404,753 410,114

Sacramento 51,633 330,413 382,046

Stanislaus County 210,349 317,402 527,751

South Coast (LA) 0 187,725 187,725

Totals 267,343 1,240,293 1,507,636

Another element that made the CAMP driving data very useful for this effort was the fact 

that, in addition to Functional Class, the data were categorized by observed congestion 

level in a manner* attempting to match Level of Service (LOS) designations defined in 

the Highway Capacity Manual3 (HCM). The HCM uses six letter categories from “A” 

for least congested, through “F” for extreme congestion. 

As defined in the HCM, LOS is determined on freeways based on traffic density 

measured over each freeway section. On arterial roads, LOS is generally determined 

 

* As discussed in more detail in the original study reports, the observed congestion level was made by the 

study observer in the passenger seat using the hand-held switchbox in a manner similar to that used to 

digitally time-stamp changes in roadway type.
-18- 

based on intersection delay. The observed congestion levels (using similar letter 

designations) recorded during the CAMP driving studies generally matched those 

calculated using formal techniques defined in the HCM, based on comparisons to more 

rigorously calculated LOS performed on the driving data collected from the South Coast 

study area.

Since transportation planning models or intersection models generally calculate and 

output LOS for roadways or intersections being modeled, the CAMP driving dataset 

enabled the development of a series of LOS-specific driving cycles for each roadway 

type. Thus, these cycles can be used to evaluate emission impacts associated with 

changes in LOS over a roadway link under project-level analyses.

CARB/Sierra 2004 Sacramento Ramp Driving – This study4 was performed for CARB as 

part of an assessment of the fraction of the light-duty vehicle fleet that could be measured 

by a series of Remote Sensing Devices (RSDs) deployed at freeway on-ramps. To assess 

the suitability of freeway ramps for the use of RSDs, each freeway ramp in the 

Sacramento region was driven using an instrumented chase car. The driver of the survey 

car was instructed to try to emulate the driving of ramps by other drivers ahead of the 

survey vehicle. 

Second-by-second speed measurements were collected over 266 on-ramps, 211 offramps, and 24 freeway-to-freeway transition ramps. Each ramp was driven during the 

AM (6:00-9:00), PM (3:00-6:00), and off-peak periods (usually 9:00 am to 3:00 pm). 

(Driving in all three time periods was usually necessary because the type of driving that 

occurs on a ramp can be influenced by the other traffic on the ramp and by the traffic on 

the freeway, both of which can vary by time of day.) 

For this EPA study, only the on-ramp data were used. Since on-ramp, off-ramp, and 

transition ramp cycles were being developed from the 2000 CAMP data, the 2004 CARB 

Ramp dataset was used to develop separate types of on-ramp cycles. (Because high rates 

of acceleration occur on on-ramps, and since this driving mode is associated with high 

emission rates, EPA and Sierra concluded that development of more specific types of onramp cycles was of higher priority than off-ramps or transition ramps.) 

Over the 266 separate on-ramps, a total of 675 traverses were performed, encompassing a 

total of over 256,000 valid second-by-second on-ramp speed measurements.

Unlike the CAMP driving data, the ramp segments were not digitally time-stamped so 

they could be easily separated from the rest of the speed measurements. (In the CARB 

Ramp driving, the chase car instrumentation was operated continuously as the vehicle 

drove each on-ramp, onto the freeway, along the freeway over an off-ramp, turned around 

on the nearby arterial, etc.) As described in the next sub-section, significant postprocessing had to be performed on the CARB Ramp dataset to cull out only that 

operation occurring on the on-ramps and to classify the ramps into specific types.
-19- 

(From this point in the report forward, we refer to the 2000 CAMP Route-Based and 

2004 CARB Ramp driving data as the Functional Class [FC] and On-Ramp [OR] driving 

datasets, respectively, since the former was used to develop cycles by roadway functional 

class and the latter was employed to generate a series of specialized on-ramp cycles.)

3.2 Driving Data Cleaning and Processing

The FC and OR driving data sets as measured in the field were post-processed to clean, 

validate, and merge different data streams from the in-field measurements. A summary 

of these steps is presented in this sub-section. Descriptions of these post-processing steps 

are organized in three groups: 

1. Processing steps that were performed in common on both datasets; 

2. Processing performed specifically on the FC driving data; and

3. Processing performed solely on the OR data.

(For the FC driving data, all the processing steps except the revised road grade processing 

discussed later had already been performed under the previous study. All of these steps 

were performed on the OR data under this EPA effort.) 

Common Processing – In these chase car-based studies, the chase car’s instrumentation 

does not directly measure the speed of the target vehicles being followed, but measures 

its own speed and the relative distance (i.e., range) to the target using a laser rangefinder, 

from which the target speed can be computed. The first processing steps performed on 

the raw data measured in the field consisted of computing second-by-second target 

vehicle speeds and consolidating data from each individual drive file for a study area into 

a single “processed” data set for that study area. These basic raw data processing steps 

were performed using two Fortran programs, Clean1E and Clean2E, and are described 

below. 

Initial Range and Chase Car Speed Data Processing (Clean1E) – The Clean1E program 

was used to perform the following functions: 

• Smooth raw laser range measurements;

• Smooth raw chase car speed;

• Select the appropriate speed trace (patrol vs. target); and

• Interpret and filter switch box settings.

Smoothing of Laser Range Data – As described in greater detail in Sierra’s LA92 study 

report,* the laser rangefinder on the chase cars resolves distance based on laser pulse 

 

* T.C. Austin, et al., “Characterization of Driving Patterns and Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles in 

California,” prepared for the California Air Resources Board, Report No. SR93-11-02, November 12, 1993.
-20- 

time-of-flight measurements in discrete “bins” that produce a relative accuracy of 

roughly one foot. As a result, the first basic processing step consisted of digitally 

filtering the raw second-by-second range measurements in each raw Drive file to smooth 

the effects of the discrete bins. A differential form Savitzky-Golay seven-point 

smoothing filter* was applied to the raw range measurements in Clean1E. Both quadratic 

and cubic forms of the filter were calculated for the range at each second. If the 

difference in filtered values was above a specific threshold (2 feet), the cubic form was 

used; otherwise, the quadratic form was applied. These filters effectively remove 

outliers. As described in the above-referenced report, the filters do not lead to smoothing 

of the actual speed-time profile for the vehicle being measured.

The differential quadratic and cubic filtering coefficients used to filter the raw range data 

are shown below.

Differential Quadratic Filter Coefficients

Differential Cubic Filter Coefficients

If range data were not available over the entire seven-second window (i.e., if there were 

some missing values), missing values were linearly interpolated from non-missing values 

within the window prior to applying the filters. Logic was also included to deal with 

instances where a different target was obtained within the seven-point (i.e., seven-second) 

filtering window.

 

* Savitzky, A., et al., “Smoothing and Differentiating of Data by Simplified Least Squares Procedures,” 

Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 36, No. 8, July 1964, p. 1627-1639.

Time -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

 t-3 -13 -29 -19 -3 1 11 7

 t-2 -2 -6 -6 -2 -6 -6 -2

 t-1 5 9 3 -1 -9 -15 -7

 t 8 16 8 0 -8 -16 -8

 t+1 7 15 9 1 -3 -9 -5

 t+2 2 6 6 2 6 6 2

 t+3 -7 -11 -1 3 19 29 13

Normalize 28 84 84 28 84 84 28

Differentiation Index

Time -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

 t-3 -257 -122 -29 22 31 -2 -77

 t-2 122 17 -46 -67 -46 17 122

 t-1 185 62 -19 -58 -55 -10 77

 t 72 48 24 0 -24 -48 -72

 t+1 -77 10 55 58 19 -62 -185

 t+2 -122 -17 46 67 46 -17 -122

 t+3 77 2 -31 -22 29 122 257

Normalize 252 252 252 252 252 252 252

Differentiation Index
-21- 

In both the FC and OR studies, the chase cars were instrumented with three speed 

measurement sources. The primary source measured speed by counting drive shaft 

rotations. The secondary source measured analog voltages from the OEM speed pickup 

coil. The third source was based on differentiated second-by-second position 

measurements from the GPS system.

Smoothing of Raw Chase Car Speeds – For the sole purpose of calculating target vehicle 

speed in the Clean1E program, primary and GPS-based speed measurements were also 

smoothed with a quadratic seven-point filter. Raw primary speed measurements were 

obtained from pulse counts of magnets mounted on the chase car’s drive shaft and thus 

reflected similar “binned” effects in the range data. The position-differentiated GPS 

speed was also filtered to remove binning effects. Both the primary and GPS speeds 

were similarly filtered with a non-differential quadratic filter using the coefficients given 

below. 

Non-Differential Quadratic Filter

(Note that since this is a non-differential form of the quadratic filter, there is no 

differentiation index, or second dimension of filtering coefficients as in the earlier 

differential forms.)

Chase Car Speed Trace Selection – In addition to the range and speed data filtering, the 

Clean1 program included logic that examined the primary, secondary, and GPS speed 

measurements and selected one or the other to best represent the chase car’s second-bysecond speed, as follows: 

• If the filtered primary speed was less than 10 mph and the secondary speed was 

less than 5 mph, the secondary speed measurement was used; 

• If the difference between the above speed and the filtered GPS speed exceeded 

10 mph, the filtered GPS speed was used; 

• Otherwise, the filtered primary speed was used.

Time Coefficient

 t-3 -2

 t-2 3

 t-1 6

 t 7

 t+1 6

 t+2 3

 t+3 -2

Normalize 21
-22- 

It should be noted that the number of seconds for which the secondary and GPS speeds 

were used (instead of the primary speed) was very small. For example, in the South 

Coast, a total of 215,950 raw second-by-second data records were processed. Secondary 

speeds were used for only 86 seconds and GPS speeds for 628 seconds; the remaining 

215,236 records (constituting 99.7%) were all based on the primary speed.

Although substitution of the secondary or GPS speed for the primary speed was 

infrequent, it was necessary because of rare instances when the primary drive shaft 

magnet pulse counts were corrupted. These instances typically occurred at idling or very 

low speeds when a magnet was positioned in a manner in which vehicle vibrations 

triggered an anomalously high number of magnetic pulses.

Switchbox Data Filtering – The Clean1E program also translated nominal floating-point 

voltages from the switchbox to discrete integer values that more clearly reflected the 

switch settings on a second-by-second basis. Logic was also included to correct 

momentary or inadvertent switch transitions.

The output from Clean1E was an “intermediate” version of each input Drive file that 

reflected these filtering calculations and was fed into the next program (Clean2E).

Calculation of Target Vehicle Speed and Road Grade (Clean2E) – The Clean2E program 

was then executed to perform the following functions: 

• Compute target vehicle speed;

• Calculate road grade;

• Remove initial and trailing idling; and

• Combine individual run files. 

Computation of Target Vehicle Speed – The Clean2E calculated second-by-second 

absolute speed of the target vehicle (when a target was available) from the differentiated 

relative range and added it to the chase car’s absolute speed. (When no locked-on target 

was available, the target speed was set to a missing value in the output data set.) 

Road Grade Calculations – Calculations of second-by-second road grade were also 

performed in Clean2E based on the GPS-based altitude measurements. In past driving 

studies conducted in the early 1990s, Sierra had calculated road grade using only the 

vehicle speed and accelerometer data. *

 Because of noise in the raw accelerometer 

 

* During previous studies, road grade was calculated from the longitudinally mounted accelerometer and 

vehicle speed data using the second-by-second measurements from each source as follows. First, speeds 

were centered-differenced from t-1 to t+1 to calculate acceleration at each point t (expressed in G’s). This 

vehicle acceleration was then subtracted from the accelerometer-measured longitudinal acceleration (also in 

G’s) at each time t. This difference, which represents the fractional road grade (where 0=horizontal and 

1=vertical), was then multiplied by the vehicle speed at each second to produce an array of “elevation 

change” in feet over each second. This array was then filtered in a manner in which only elevation changes 

over 7.5 feet (per second) were used to calculate road grade. Given the noise in the raw accelerometer data, 

the intent of this approach was to estimate road grade during “significant” elevation changes. The filter 
-23- 

measurements, elevation changes of less than 7.5 feet within 5 seconds could not be 

accurately resolved. Logic was applied to ignore elevation changes measured below this 

threshold. Accelerometer-based road grade was then computed as a running average over 

a five-second window. 

After those studies were completed, Sierra found these accelerometer-based grade 

estimates (using the smoothing logic described above) were too noisy to be useful in 

calculating grade-compensated power-related driving statistics. (Road grade calculated

in previous driving studies was never used by the study sponsors. Thus, the output grade 

values were never thoroughly examined under the earlier studies.) 

In processing the FC and OR chase car data under this current EPA study, road grade was 

calculated using the second-by-second GPS-based altitude measurements. Although the 

GPS-based altitude data are not highly accurate in an absolute sense when low-horizon 

satellites are not available, they were found to be sufficiently accurate in a relative sense 

for calculating road grade over a route with proper filtering of anomalous readings as 

described below.

GPS-based altitudes frequently exhibited anomalous values at low speeds (below 10 

mph). As a result, the first filtering step consisted of substituting the altitude reading 

from the nearest second after the vehicle speed was over 10 mph for at least three 

seconds. Because they occurred only at very low speeds, these substitutions were only 

applied to very short sections of routes (typically near the start and end). After these 

anomalous altitude values at low speeds were corrected, a second filter was applied to 

find altitude changes from one second to the next that exceeded a speed-dependent cutoff 

value equivalent to a “maximum” allowed fractional grade*

 of ±0.22. (This is equivalent 

to a 19.8 degree angular grade or a 36% grade.) For example, at a speed of 60 mph, the 

maximum allowed altitude change over one second was 30 feet [60 mph × 1.4667 ft per 

sec/mph × SINE (0.22× π/2 radians)]. Altitude change anomalies detected in this manner 

were then corrected by linear interpolation from neighboring valid altitudes. Finally, 

road grade was calculated at each second from a centered difference of the change in 

altitude two seconds forward and two seconds backward and the distance driven by the 

chase car over that interval. (Grade was calculated as the ARCSINE of the altitude 

change divided by the distance driven, where the distance driven was determined from 

the patrol car speed.)

The resulting altitude-based grade calculations were checked for roughly a dozen routes 

in both flat terrain (Sacramento and Stanislaus County) and rolling or hilly areas (San 

Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles) using known elevations obtained from topographic 

maps downloaded from MapTech at http://mapserver.maptech.com/homepage/index.cfm. 

 also excluded points when the lateral accelerometer measured acceleration exceeded ±0.25 G and vehicle 

speed dropped below 25 mph (indicative of vehicle turning). After applying this filtering, the “final” 

estimated road grade was calculated from those remaining data points using a five-second running average. * Road grade was calculated and reported in this study in units of fractional grade between 0 and ±1 where 

a value of zero is horizontal and values of +1 and -1 are vertical upward and vertical downward, 

respectively. A fractional grade of 0.5 is equivalent to an angular grade of 45 degrees and a percentage 

grade of 100%.
-24- 

Only routes that did not include travel on raised roadway sections (e.g., freeways and 

ramps) were used to ensure a proper crosscheck using the topographic map-based land 

elevations. With the appropriate filtering and smoothing as described above, it is 

believed the altitude-based grade calculations can accurately resolve fractional road grade 

down to roughly ±0.01 (which is equivalent to about 1 degree or 2%, in angular and 

percentage grade units, respectively).

Removal of Leading and Trailing Idle – The Clean2E program also removed leading and 

trailing idle (i.e., zero speed) records at the start and end of each drive. (In each case, a 

single zero speed record was retained at the beginning and end of each driving run that 

did not begin or end “on the fly.”) Usually this idling lasted for less than five seconds, 

but in some cases it lasted up to 60 seconds. This idling occurred while the drive teams 

were readying to start or forgot to immediately end data acquisition at the end of a trip, 

and thus are not representative of actual driving behavior. 

Combining of Driving Run Files – Finally, the Clean2E program also combined the 

second-by-second data from each input route run file into a single combined file for each 

study area. As a result, the combined output file also included route ID and date and time 

stamp fields so the individual run data could be distinguished in later processing.

FC Processing – For the FC driving data, another Fortran post-processing program, 

LOSSEGS, was also written and executed to perform the following functions: 

• Discard data from invalid route runs, 

• Identify facility segment endpoints within each route run, and

• Perform and output results from a series of automated quality assurance (Q/A) 

and consistency checks.

Discarding of Invalid Route Runs – Data from a “Routes Driven” spreadsheet were input 

into LOSSEGS to identify and discard all invalid runs, based on the status of each run as 

entered in the spreadsheet. Route runs marked “BAD” were discarded; runs marked 

“OK” were kept and processed further.

Facility Segment Identification – During the original study, spreadsheet tables were 

compiled for each route that identified the roadway name (e.g., Main Street), start and 

end points (e.g., 1st Ave and 4th Ave), and length of each connecting road segment in the 

route. These route spreadsheets were then assembled into a master database for each 

study area. Each record in the database represented an individual segment of a road 

route. The database was used both to translate “directions” of each route indicated by its 

segments onto actual maps and to perform data analysis and validation during postprocessing of the collected driving data in conjunction with changes in roadway type 

identified using the hand-held switchbox. (Chase car drive teams were instructed to flip 

the “Roadway Type” switch on the hand-held switchbox as each “stop” way marker point 
-25- 

was passed along a route. Stop way markers identified surface street-to-ramp or rampfreeway transitions [and vice versa] as they were encountered along each route, not 

changes in individual HPMS segment types. This latter element was performed by the 

LOSSEGS program, as illustrated below.) 

The LOSSEGS program counted the number of expected stops in the road segment 

database for each route based on a change in roadway type. These expected stops were 

then compared to those actually marked in the second-by-second data from the 

switchbox. Multiple segments that occurred between stops were then identified based on 

apportionment of driven distance and expected segment length as defined in the road 

segment database. This is illustrated in Table 3-4, which shows the segment database for 

an example route in the South Coast. 

As shown in Table 3-4, this example route consisted of four stop way marker points. 

Second-by-second data from the beginning of the route on Otis Dr. until the Imperial 

Blvd. on-ramp were marked by the “Surface Street” setting on the Roadway Type 

switch). For stops that spanned multiple segments, such as this stretch of surface street 

travel, the endpoints of the individual segment were identified in the second-by-second 

data by apportioning the total distance of the drive between stops with the expected 

length of each individual segment contained in the road segment database. For example, 

the last three segments after stop 4 in Table 3-4 represent an expected length of 0.60 

miles (0.27 + 0.19 + 0.14). If the measured distance in the second-by-second data 

(determined from the chase car speed) between the “stop 4” switch point and the end of 

the route was 0.66 miles, the endpoints of the individual segments would be marked off 

based on apportioned distances as follows: 

• Hawthorne, off-ramp to Lennox = 0.66 ÷ 0.60 × 0.27 = 0.297 miles 

• Hawthorne, Lennox to W 105th = 0.66 ÷ 0.60 × 0.19 = 0.209 miles 

• W 105th to end of route = 0.66 ÷ 0.60 × 0.14 = 0.154 miles 

In this manner, each individual segment as defined in the road segment database was 

spatially identified in the second-by-second data.

Segment Distance Checks – If the drive team ever forgot or was late in flipping the 

Roadway Type switch at the intended stop locations, the calculated segment endpoints 

would be erroneous. Thus, these spatial segment calculations had to be carefully 

checked. This process is discussed below. 

As illustrated by the example in Table 3-4, the expected number of stops for each route 

run was determined from the road segment database and compared to the number of 

“flips” of the Segment rotary switch that were recorded in the second-by-second data for 
-26- 

Table 3-4 

Illustration of Stops in South Coast Road Segment Database

Route ID Starting Street Name Ending Street Name

Segment

Length 

(miles)

Segment

Category

Code

Stop

Number

SC-PM-II-012 Missouri Otis/Missouri 0.01 19

SC-PM-II-012 Otis/Missouri Otis/Tweedy 0.16 16

SC-PM-II-012 Otis/Tweedy Abbott/Otis 0.55 16

SC-PM-II-012 Abbott/Otis Abbott/Otis 0.01 16

SC-PM-II-012 Abbott/Otis Imperial/Otis 0.23 16

SC-PM-II-012 Imperial/Otis Century/Imperial 0.24 14

SC-PM-II-012 Century/Imperial Imperial 0.13 14

SC-PM-II-012 Imperial California/Imperial 0.21 14

SC-PM-II-012 California/Imperial Imperial/Long Beach 0.17 14

SC-PM-II-012 Imperial/Long Beach Imperial/State 0.28 14

SC-PM-II-012 Imperial/State Alameda/Imperial 0.52 14

SC-PM-II-012 Alameda/Imperial Alameda/Imperial 0.03 14

SC-PM-II-012 Alameda/Imperial Imperial/Mona 0.27 14

SC-PM-II-012 Imperial/Mona Imperial 0.17 14

SC-PM-II-012 Imperial On Ramp 0.01 14

SC-PM-II-012 On Ramp I105 0.36 21 1

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.59 11 2

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.52 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.82 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.17 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.24 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.37 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.14 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.19 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.20 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 1.52 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.24 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.27 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 I105 0.83 11

SC-PM-II-012 I105 Off Ramp 0.20 11

SC-PM-II-012 Off Ramp Hawthorne 0.43 22 3

SC-PM-II-012 Hawthorne Hawthorne/Lennox 0.27 14 4

SC-PM-II-012 Hawthorne/Lennox Hawthorne/W 105th 0.19 14

SC-PM-II-012 Hawthorne/W 105th W 105th 0.14 19

the run. Runs for which these counts did not match were immediately flagged for further 

review and correction (see “Video Review” below).

In addition, even when stops counts matched, the calculated distances of each segment 

leg were compared to their expected distances in the road segment file. Distance 

comparisons that did not match within a 10% relative tolerance were used to flag 

individual segments for further review. Roughly 5% of the route runs were affected by 

these inconsistencies.
-27- 

Videotape Review – As alluded to above, detailed videotape review was performed for 

some 5% of the route runs to correct anomalies identified during Q/A checks. To correct 

for Roadway Type switch flip count and distance inconsistencies, the videotapes for 

affected runs were played back and observed. The second-by-second time that was 

displayed on the videotape was used to identify the time stamps in the data file that 

corresponded to each segment endpoint. These video times were reread into the 

LOSSEGS program and used to properly identify road segments for those affected runs. 

OR Processing – After processing the raw OR driving data using the CLEAN1E and 

CLEAN2E as described earlier in the “Common Processing” section, additional postprocessing was performed to locate and output only that portion of the driving that 

occurred on the on-ramp segments. This was done by using the second-by-second 

position and heading* data recorded by the GPS unit in the chase car.

Ramp Coordinates File – Prior to this processing, a file was developed that precisely 

identified the latitude and longitude coordinates of the start and end point for each onramp. For ramps with ramp meters, the coordinates of the meter stop bar were also 

identified. The coordinates for each of the 266 on-ramps were carefully determined from 

Google Earth high-resolution images of the Sacramento area. 

In addition to the latitude and longitude coordinates, the bearing or heading of each 

ramp’s start and end points was also determined using Google Earth and entered in the 

Ramp Coordinates file. The bearing data were needed during post-processing to resolve 

cases when the chase car traversed freeway sections that were elevated above or in 

depressed sections below their adjoining on-ramps. (Common examples of these 

situations occurred on “clover leaf” or “loop” freeway interchanges.) When the lat/long 

coordinates measured by the GPS were the same for both an arterial overcrossing and the 

on-ramp as it crossed beneath the overpass, it was found that the chase car’s location (on 

either the overcrossing or the ramp) could be determined by examining the heading and 

comparing it to the expected heading on the ramp. Thus, headings at both the ramp start 

and end locations were entered into the Ramp Coordinates file and used during postprocessing to properly identify when the vehicle was actually traversing an on-ramp. 

Table 3-5 shows an excerpt of the Ramp Coordinates file for one of the many 

interchanges contained in the Sacramento study area. Figure 3-1 shows an aerial image 

of this ramp interchange obtained from Google Earth. 

As listed in Table 3-5, coordinates and directional orientation information are specified 

for each of the four on-ramps of this interchange. (As can be seen in Figure 3-1, there are 

also four off-ramps, but off-ramp driving from the OR driving study were not used. 

Thus, they do not appear in the Ramp Coordinates file.) Each ramp is described by 

latitude and longitude coordinates at both the start and end of the ramp. For ramps with 

signal meters (the majority of on-ramps in Sacramento have signal meters that operate 

 

* Heading refers to the direction of travel in degrees from true north. 
-28- 

Table 3-5 

Excerpt of Ramp Coordinates File Used in 

OR Study Post-Processing

Ramp

Interchange Ramp Leg Meter

Latitude

(deg)

Longitude

(deg)

Bearing

(deg N)

Bearing

Diff

Ramp

Type

Florin Rd. & I-5 WB to NB Start yes 38.495667 -121.513933 290 70 D

Florin Rd. & I-5 Stop Line yes 38.498851 -121.516988 70 D

Florin Rd. & I-5 WB to NB End yes 38.500272 -121.517262 0 70 D

Florin Rd. & I-5 WB to SB Start no 38.495645 -121.517794 110 240 L

Florin Rd. & I-5 Stop Line no 240 L

Florin Rd. & I-5 WB to SB End no 38.495349 -121.516818 350 240 L

Florin Rd. & I-5 EB to NB Start yes 38.495408 -121.515324 120 230 L

Florin Rd. & I-5 Stop Line yes 38.494553 -121.515432 230 L

Florin Rd. & I-5 EB to NB End yes 38.495783 -121.516286 350 230 L

Florin Rd. & I-5 EB to SB Start no 38.495397 -121.519448 110 50 D

Florin Rd. & I-5 Stop Line no 50 D

Florin Rd. & I-5 EB to SB End no 38.490443 -121.514677 160 50 D

Figure 3-1 

Aerial Image of I-5 and Florin Road Interchange in 

Sacramento Metropolitan Area
-29- 

during AM and PM commute periods), indicated with a “yes” in the “Meter” column, 

coordinates of the meter stop line are also given. 

The “Bearing” column in Table 3-5 lists the travel direction or heading at both the stop 

and end of each ramp. For example, the start of the EB Florin Rd to NB I-5 on-ramp has 

a directional bearing of 120°, just south of due east. This on-ramp is one of the “loop” 

ramps and is highlighted with an orange path in Figure 3-1. The end of the ramp (which 

extends beyond the area shown in Figure 3-1) has a bearing of 350°, just west of due 

north. 

The next column labeled “Bearing Diff” simply shows the calculated difference (in

degrees) between the bearing at the start and end of each ramp. For the ramp leg 

highlighted in Figure 3-1, Table 3-5 shows a directional difference or rotation of 230° 

(from 120° to 350°). (As described later, both the Bearing and Bearing Diff values were 

used to properly identify and extract those portions of the OR driving that occurred only 

on the on-ramps.) 

Finally, the rightmost column in Table 3-5 indicates the type of ramp configuration. “D” 

represents a “Diamond” style ramp leg and “L” denotes a “Loop” type ramp. The 

interchange shown in Figure 3-1 contains a mixture of both Diamond and Loop onramps. The Diamond ramp (in the southwest quadrant) is highlighted in blue while the 

Loop ramp as noted above is highlighted in orange. These configurations were 

determined and coded into the Ramp Coordinates file by visual inspection of each ramp 

leg within Google Earth.

Spatial Post-Processing – Once all these data were determined from the Google Earth 

aerial images and entered into the Ramp Coordinates file, a spatial post-processing 

program called GPSRampProc was written and executed to perform the actual 

identification and extraction of the cleaned second-by-second chase car driving data 

along the on-ramps. (Travel on off-ramps, mainline freeways, and nearby arterials was 

discarded by the GPSRampProc program.) 

The GPSRampProc program began by reading in the cleaned and validated second-bysecond chase car driving data (speeds and GPS-based position and heading data) as well 

the latitudes/longitudes, metering, bearing, and ramp type for each on-ramp from the 

Ramp Coordinates file. The spatial processing to extract the on-ramp traverses began by 

comparing the starting coordinates for every on-ramp defined in the Ramp Coordinates 

file to the second-by-second GPS position measurements within a large program loop. 

Once the chase car position was found to be within a pre-defined distance (100 feet) from 

any ramp start location, that ramp was flagged. The program then scanned forward in the 

second-by-second chase car data array (usually only a few seconds) until the nearest 

point to the ramp start was determined. At this point, the directional heading 

measurement from the chase car was compared to that at the start of the flagged on-ramp. 

If these directional values agreed to within a prescribed tolerance (set to 60°), a flag was
-30- 

set establishing that a ramp start had been found (as was validated by the combination of 

position and heading measurements).

If the flagged on-ramp had a signal meter (determined from the Ramp Coordinates file), 

the driving data array was then scanned forward until the chase car’s distance to the stop 

line reached a minimum and this minimum distance was within a required tolerance (80 

feet). The ramp meter “stop line” point was then flagged in the driving data array. 

Programming logic was also used to determine if the ramp meter was also operating at 

the time it was traversed.* A meter was determined to be operating if the following 

criteria were met:

• The traverse occurred within the 6-9 AM or 3-6 PM peak periods; and 

• Either the minimum speed up to the meter stop line was less than 5 mph or there 

was a decrease in vehicle speed between the start and meter stop line of at least 10 

mph. 

(This latter criterion handled situations on multi-lane ramps where the chase car was able 

to “cruise” through on a green light triggered by a vehicle in front of it, but did not have 

to slow to a very low speed or make a complete stop.) 

Using this logic, a ramp with a meter was marked with a “MeterOn” flag set to either 

“True” or “False.”

Similar to the ramp start, the ramp end was determined by scanning forward in the 

driving data array (from the start on a ramp without a meter or the stop line point on a 

metered ramp) until the chase car’s distance to the known endpoint coordinates reached a 

minimum value and was within the allowed tolerance (100 feet). Once the start and end 

point (and ramp meter stop line point where applicable) were identified in this manner, 

the on-ramp was marked as a valid traverse.

The distance tolerances employed in the processing were set at the values indicated above 

by running the GPSRampProc program several times and “tuning” the tolerances. This 

tuning resulted in values that accommodated the accuracy of the GPS position data (±30 

feet), the measurement frequency (1 second) and traverse speeds (typically 20-60 mph), 

yet were low enough to ensure that driving on other nearby roadways was not incorrectly 

deduced to be an on-ramp.

The next step consisted of classifying the on-ramp traverse. Three classification elements 

were determined for each valid traverse:

• Ramp Configuration – “D” for Diamond or “L” for Loop; 

 

* Sierra initially contacted the Caltrans District office for the Sacramento area in an attempt to determine 

ramp meter operating times and locations. In was learned that historical day-specific records back to 2004 

when the driving was conducted were spotty. Caltrans was able to confirm that meters, if operated, were 

only running during the 6-9 AM and 3-6 PM peak periods.
-31- 

• Road Grade Type – “D” for downgrade, “L” for level grade, “U” for upgrade; and 

• Meter Operating Status – “MON” for meter operating, “MOF” for meter not 

operating or no meter. 

The ramp configuration was obtained by lookup from the Ramp Coordinates file. Meter 

operating status was based on the MeterOn flag discussed above. The road grade type 

was determined from the change in second-by-second road grade calculated earlier in the 

driving data file. Ramps with descending grades of 1.2% or more were classified as 

Downgrade ramps. Those with ascending grades of 1.2% or higher were called Upgrade 

ramps. All other ramps (with grades less than ±1.2%) were treated as Level ramps. (The 

1.2% grade threshold was set to get a sufficient number of traverses into each of the three 

Road Grade groups. If more driving data were available, the threshold could be set based 

on more formal freeway ramp design criteria.) 

Once these classification elements had been determined, they were written to an output 

file along with the second-by-second driving data from the start point to the end point of 

the valid ramp traverse. 

Albeit somewhat complicated, the OR driving data were spatially processed and 

classified in this manner and an output file containing second-by-second speeds (and 

forward-differenced accelerations) for on-ramp driving was produced. 

### 
-32- 

4. CYCLE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY 

Development of link-level driving cycles from second-by-second vehicle speed 

measurements that are representative of different types of roadway types and driving 

behavior is not a simple task. The measured speed data must be categorized into groups 

that represent each type of driving behavior from which an individual cycle is to be 

created. Techniques must be applied to characterize the driving patterns in each group. 

Cycles must then be constructed in a manner that best represents the driving patterns in 

each group while preserving the integrity of actual measured speed-time traces. 

Vehicle emissions are highly sensitive to second-by-second changes in speed due to the 

advanced, computer-controlled emission systems in most of the current vehicle fleet. 

Accurately representing second-by-second speed changes is vital to ensuring that the 

resulting cycles reflect actual driving patterns without acceleration “artifacts” caused by 

improper joining of the as-measured data. 

This section of the report documents the detailed methodology that was employed to 

develop the link-level driving cycles generated under this effort. 

4.1 Driving Data Grouping

FC Data Groupings – As described earlier, the FC driving database contains measured 

driving patterns over a number of road routes and at different levels of traffic congestion. 

Driving cycles were developed from the FC database by individual Functional Class 

(roadway type) and observed LOS groups because these strata are well-matched to many 

project-level applications. 

Thus, the first step in development of the FC driving cycles consisted of dividing or 

grouping the second-by-second speed measurements in the driving database into separate 

Functional Class and LOS specific files that represented the ranges of operation within 

each distinct driving data group for which individual cycles were to be constructed.

A simple SAS program called FC&LOSDist_CT2000 was written to tabulate the number 

of second-by-second records in the master FC driving database by Functional Class 

(including those added for freeway ramps as described earlier in Section 3.1) and 

observed LOS. Table 4-1 presents the results of these tabulations, which were used to 

determine if sufficient data were available within each joint Functional Class/LOS 

stratum to represent a distinct driving group for which a cycle would be developed. 
-33- 

Table 4-1 

Distribution of FC Driving Data Records by 

Functional Class and Observed LOS

Functional Class

Observed LOS All LOS

A B C D E F Totals 

01 – Rural Interstate 68,789 7,974 1,168 206 275 29 78,441

02 – Rural Principal Arterial 29,897 2,871 1,241 6,746 41 545 41,341

06 – Rural Minor Arterial 18,278 493 0 1,492 0 346 20,609

07 – Rural Major Collector 73,901 74 101 2,514 44 58 76,692

08 – Rural Minor Collection 37,256 306 186 1,124 267 58 39,197

09 – Rural Local 12,053 290 131 148 70 128 12,820

11 – Urban Interstate 50,419 17,534 27,008 20,310 19,447 45,729 180,447

12 – Urban Other Fwy/Expwy 87,328 36,754 32,774 29,752 19,821 36,722 243,151

14 – Urban Principal Arterial 204,543 8,194 8,703 109,307 6,920 22,692 360,359

16 – Urban Minor Arterial 171,745 7,449 8,295 49,728 5,621 10,388 253,226

17 – Urban Collector 84,528 3,745 3,519 12,178 1,543 1,563 107,076

19 – Urban Local 68,596 1,660 2,149 5,923 1,089 2,200 81,617

21 – Freeway On-Ramp 10,549 186 151 3,045 166 733 14,830

22 – Freeway Off-Ramp 11,296 1,441 1,906 1,855 254 621 17,373

23 – Freeway Transition Ramp 1,165 705 655 925 158 806 4,414

Total (All Functional Classes) 930,343 89,676 87,987 245,253 55,716 122,618 1,531,593

Given the available study resources, a robust statistical analysis of how to group the data 

was not performed. Instead, a minimum sample size of 3,600 single-second records 

(1 hour) was used to determine where driving groups by Functional Class and individual 

LOS category contained sufficient data or when some of the LOS categories had to be 

combined together. 

The resulting groupings for which individual driving cycles were developed are listed 

below (together with the cycles within each Functional Class).

• FC01 (Rural Interstate) - Single group, all LOS

• FC02 (Rural Principal Arterial) - Two groups, LOS A-C and LOS D-F 

• FC06 (Rural Minor Arterial) - Single group, all LOS

• FC07 (Rural Major Collector) - Single group, all LOS 

• FC08 (Rural Minor Collection) - Single group, all LOS

• FC09 (Rural Local) - Single group, all LOS

• FC11 (Urban Interstate) - Six groups, by LOS from A through F 

• FC12 (Urban Other Fwy/Expwy) - Six groups, by LOS from A through F 

• FC14 (Urban Principal Arterial) - Six groups, by LOS from A through F 

• FC16 (Urban Minor Arterial) - Six groups, by LOS from A through F 

• FC17 (Urban Collector) - Three groups, LOS A-C, LOS D and LOS E-F 

• FC19 (Urban Local) - Two groups, LOS A-C and LOS D-F 
-34- 

• FC21 (Freeway On-Ramp) - Single group, all LOS

• FC22 (Freeway Off-Ramp) - Single group, all LOS

• FC23 (Freeway Transition Ramp) - Single group, all LOS

In all, 39 separate driving groups were defined from the FC database and driving cycles 

were developed for each individual group. 

OR Data Groupings – As discussed earlier in Section 3, the on-ramp (OR) driving data 

were coded by the ramp type or configuration (Diamond or Loop), road grade type 

(Downgrade, Level or Upgrade), and ramp metering status (On or Off/Not Used). 

Another simple SAS program called SacRamp_TypeDist was written to perform similar 

tabulations to determine sample sizes and define driving groups for the OR driving data. 

Table 4-2 shows the results of these tabulations, stratified both by combined ramp/grade 

type and metering status. The rightmost column shows total record counts by ramp/grade 

type across both ramp metering states. As shown, there were much fewer data collected 

in the OR driving database than the FC database discussed earlier.

Table 4-2 

Distribution of OR Driving Data Records by 

Combined Ramp/Grade Type and Ramp Metering Status

Ramp Type – Grade Type

Ramp Metering State Total On Off/Not Used

Diamond-Downgrade (D-D) 1,430 31 1,461

Diamond-Level (D-L) 8,451 1,338 9,789

Diamond-Update (D-U) 1,840 444 2,284

Loop-Downgrade (L-D) 3,367 773 4,140

Loop-Level (L-L) 1,967 300 2,267

Loop-Upgrade (L-U) 477 0 477

Total 17,532 2,886 20,418

In order to provide a “complete” series of on-ramp cycles for project-level MOVES use, 

the 3,600 record minimum sample size requirement was not applied to the OR data. 

Instead, OR driving groups were simply defined for each of the six ramp type-grade type 

combinations and then separately (not jointly) for the two metering groups. This resulted 

in the eight OR driving groups listed below. 

• Diamond-Downgrade (D-D)

• Diamond-Level (D-L)

• Diamond-Upgrade (D-U)

• Loop-Downgrade (L-D)

• Loop-Level (L-L)
-35- 

• Loop-Upgrade (L-U)

• Metering On (MON)

• Metering Off or No Meter (MOF)

As clearly shown in Table 4-2, this resulted in very limited samples within some of the 

defined groups. Moreover, the Sacramento driving study from which these data 

originated was not conducted in a manner in which driving by time-of-day period (e.g., 

peak vs. non-peak) was proportionally represented. (Although driving runs from this 

earlier study were performed in peak and non-peak periods, no attempt was made to 

sample each period in proportion to its daily travel fraction.) Although the cycles 

developed from these limited data may contain some bias, results shown later in this 

section and in Section 5 suggest that differences in the operating patterns reflected in 

these driving groups follow expected trends. (For example, stronger accelerations in 

Diamond groups than Loop groups where a vehicle’s ability to accelerate in less limited 

by the curvature of the on-ramp.) 

4.2 Driving Group Statistical Characterizations

Once the FC and OR driving data had been divided into groups for which separate 

families of driving cycles were to be constructed, the next step in cycle development 

consisted of generating joint speed-acceleration frequency distributions (or SAFDs) from 

the driving data in each group. As explained later in Section 4.4, the SAFD was the 

primary metric used to compare the speed and acceleration patterns contained in an 

individual driving cycle to those of the driving database it was intended to represent. 

Vehicle emissions can be highly affected by specific second-by-second speed variations 

and the frequency with which these variations occur under in-use driving. Thus, 

compilation of driving data into joint frequency distributions of speed and acceleration 

provides an effective means to represent modal (i.e., second-by-second) driving patterns. 

The SAFDs were constructed from all of the second-by-second composite vehicle speeds 

and forward-differenced accelerations in each driving data group. They are subsequently 

referred to as population SAFDs so as to distinguish them from cycle SAFDs that are 

generated from the second-by-second speeds in each driving cycle. 

A Fortran program called DrvStats was developed and used to calculate the population 

SAFDs and a series of summary statistics for the data in each of the FC and OR driving 

groups. Definitions of the SAFD intervals and each of the driving data statistics 

calculated by the DrvStats program are given below. 

SAFD Intervals – SAFDs were calculated by assigning the second-by-second speed and 

accelerations in each driving data group into 861 (21 × 41) joint speed and acceleration 

bins. The 21 speed bin intervals were defined as follows: 
-36- 

Speed Bin Speed Range

 0 zero (i.e., < 0.1 mph) 

 1 0.1 to ≤ 7.5 mph 

 2 7.5 to ≤ 12.5 mph 

 3 12.5 to ≤ 17.5 mph 

. . 

. . 

. . 

 20 97.5 to ≤ 102.5 mph 

The acceleration bins were defined at 1 mph per second (mph/s) intervals, as listed 

below. 

Accel Bin Accel Range

 -20 -20.5 ≥ to < -19.5 mph/s 

. . 

. . 

. . 

 -3 -3.5 ≥ to < -2.5 mph/s 

 -2 -2.5 ≥ to < -1.5 mph/s 

 -1 -1.5 ≥ to < -0.5 mph/s 

 0 -0.5 ≥ to ≤ 0.5 mph/s 

 1 > 0.5 to ≤ 1.5 mph/s 

 2 > 1.5 to ≤ 2.5 mph/s 

 3 > 2.5 to ≤ 3.5 mph/s 

. . 

. . 

. . 

 20 > 19.5 to ≤ 20.5 mph/s 

The frequencies in each joint speed-acceleration bin are reported as percentages (i.e., a 

value of 0.25 indicates that 0.25% of the total number of second-by-second data records 

occur within that joint bin). 

Speed Statistics – Speed statistics produced by DrvStats consist of average and maximum 

speed, average non-idle speed, and average cruise speed. Average non-idle speed is the 

mean speed when not fully stopped at zero speed. Average cruise speed is the mean 

speed when in “cruise” mode, where cruise mode is defined as acceleration or 

deceleration rates less than or equal to ± 1.5 mph/s at speeds below 57.5 mph and less 

than or equal to ± 0.5 mph/sec at speeds above 57.5 mph. 

Acceleration Statistics – Reported acceleration statistics include both average and 

maximum acceleration and average and maximum deceleration rates. 
-37- 

Time-in-Mode Statistics – DrvStats also reports the percentage of time that occurred in 

each of four modes: (1) idle; (2) cruise; (3) accel; and (4) decel. Idle mode refers to zero 

speed and cruise mode was defined above. Accel and decel modes contain accelerations 

and decelerations above those cutoffs used to define the cruise mode. 

Trip Length Statistics – Mean trip or segment lengths expressed on both a distance 

(miles) and time (minutes) basis are calculated from changes in the value of the RouteID 

field in the database. For the FC and OR driving data analyzed under this effort, these 

statistics represent the average distance (or time) of contiguous driving sections under the 

same FC/LOS or OR group. 

Stops Per Mile – DrvStats defines a “stop” event as at least two consecutive speeds less 

than or equal to 0.5 mph and treats low speed “creep” below 5 mph as a single stop event. 

Stops per mile are reported as the average number of these stop events per mile driven. 

Number of Observations – This is simply the number of second-by-second records in the 

input driving data group. 

PKE and Specific Power Statistics – DrvStats reports positive kinetic energy (PKE) as 

the sum of positive differences in kinetic energy per unit distance. It also calculates

average positive power per unit mass and reports the average across all seconds as 

“Average Total Specific Power” and across acceleration periods only as “Average NonZero Specific Power.” Maximum single-second specific power and specific power 

distributions are also reported. Note that these power statistics are not the same as 

Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) as defined by EPA and utilized in MOVES. They were 

developed and defined by Sierra prior to EPA’s use of VSP (which is used in MOVES). 

MOVES Vehicle-Specific Power (VSP) Bin Distributions and Statistics – Under this 

effort, calculation of MOVES-equivalent VSP statistics were incorporated into the 

DrvStats program. The VSP calculations were based on methods described by EPA in 

Appendix B of its MOVES2004 Energy and Emissions Inputs draft report.5 Second-bysecond VSP is a function of terms related to vehicle speed, acceleration, aerodynamic 

drag, rolling resistance, and road grade. In practice, as described in Equation B-3 of that 

report, VSP is calculated from a simplified form that uses track road-load coefficients A, 

B, and C to account for rolling, rotational, and aerodynamic resistance, respectively.

In order to calculate these three coefficients for light-duty vehicles, an additional 

parameter—“track road load horsepower at 50 mph” (TRLHP)—is needed. Values of 

TRLHP have been compiled by Sierra Research in its “I/M Lookup Table” for individual 

light-duty vehicle models from model years 1973 through 2008. However, these modelspecific TRLHP values could not be used for this effort because the chase-car based FC 

and OR driving data studies did not include recording of the individual vehicle models 

being followed at any given time.

Instead, TRLHP was estimated using regression equations developed by EPA as a 

function of vehicle test weight. In applying this method for the chase car driving data, 
-38- 

reference test weights for sales weighted average MY2008 passenger cars and light trucks 

were determined from EPA’s “Fuel Economy Trends” report.6

 These values were 3,541 

lb and 4,742 lb, respectively. Using these reference weights, TRLHP and A, B, and C 

coefficients were estimated as representing the “average” passenger car and light-truck 

followed in the chase car driving using equations B-4, B-5, and Table B-11 regression 

coefficients from Appendix B of EPA’s MOVES2004 report. Second-by-second average 

car and average light truck VSP could then be computed from the FC and OR chase car 

data from equation B-3 of that report. 

In addition, since validated second-by-second road grade was available from the postprocessed FC and OR driving data, VSP calculations were performed two different ways: 

(1) accounting for second-by-second road grade; and (2) ignoring measured road grade 

(i.e., assuming constant level grade travel). Using an assumed split of 52% cars and 48% 

light trucks from the Fuel Economy Trends report, average light-duty vehicle VSP was 

then computed (both grade-compensated and un-compensated). 

Once second-by-second VSP was computed (in units of kW/tonne), the data in each 

driving group were also binned into operating mode (VSP/speed) bins using bin 

definitions defined by EPA and used in MOVES. (These bin definitions are listed later in 

the report in Section 6.) Thus, the DrvStats program also reported MOVES-based 

VSP/Speed bin distributions for the data in each driving group as well as the mean VSP. 

Figures 4-1 and 4-2 provide examples of a driving population SAFD and summary 

statistics for the two different extremes of Urban Interstate (FC11) driving, the LOS A 

and LOS F groups, respectively. (The VSP statistics in these figures reflect no grade 

compensation.) In comparing the SAFD distributions contained in these two figures, 

LOS A (uncongested) driving in Figure 4-1 is characterized by much more high speed 

operation (86% of travel at or above 55 mph) than the heavily congested LOS F driving 

shown in Figure 4-2 (3% of travel at or above 55 mph). This comparison highlights the 

need to account for differences in operating patterns between driving groups that will be 

applied on a link- or project-level basis.

The complete set of driving population SAFDs and summary statistics computed for each 

of the FC and OR driving groups are provided in Appendices A and B. Appendix A 

present the VSP statistics when compensating for or accounting for measured road grade. 

VSP statistics in Appendix B are not road grade compensated.

To provide a broader comparison of driving differences, Table 4-3 compares several key 

statistics for each FC and OR group from the detailed output provided in Appendix A. 

As shown in Table 4-3, the driving characteristics within each population group generally 

show expected variations. 

For example, the average speeds of the LOS data groups generally decrease from LOS A 

(uncongested) to LOS F (very congested). In addition, both the average and maximum 

speeds are expectedly higher for rural interstate driving (FC01LOSAF) than urban

interstate groups (FC11LOSA through FC11LOSF). 
-39- 
-40- 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.002 0.002

-10 0.002 0.002

-9 0.002 0.002 0.004

-8 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.008

-7 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.010

-6 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.032

-5 0.008 0.014 0.012 0.008 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.004 0.008 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.091

-4 0.010 0.022 0.028 0.024 0.024 0.018 0.022 0.044 0.032 0.030 0.018 0.014 0.014 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.313

-3 0.024 0.044 0.046 0.056 0.063 0.050 0.044 0.050 0.050 0.077 0.075 0.067 0.042 0.022 0.022 0.004 0.734

-2 0.060 0.028 0.046 0.052 0.089 0.089 0.107 0.091 0.133 0.194 0.234 0.216 0.184 0.123 0.048 0.016 0.002 1.712

-1 0.192 0.117 0.117 0.099 0.103 0.190 0.163 0.202 0.367 0.706 1.287 2.172 2.392 2.198 1.144 0.335 0.050 0.010 11.845

0 0.395 0.301 0.165 0.155 0.135 0.155 0.391 0.230 0.206 0.690 1.771 5.218 10.692 16.067 18.291 10.395 2.309 0.405 0.044 68.014

1 0.018 0.202 0.103 0.125 0.117 0.159 0.258 0.240 0.294 0.569 1.275 1.880 2.612 2.896 2.158 1.170 0.256 0.030 14.362

2 0.006 0.083 0.060 0.085 0.069 0.121 0.137 0.121 0.117 0.202 0.254 0.272 0.226 0.161 0.077 0.054 0.010 2.055

3 0.060 0.024 0.036 0.060 0.065 0.058 0.077 0.069 0.042 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.002 0.002 0.597

4 0.020 0.018 0.024 0.014 0.010 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.002 0.137

5 0.002 0.010 0.014 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.054

6 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.012

7 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.010

8 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.006

9 0.002 0.002

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.420 0.966 0.605 0.682 0.645 0.805 1.212 1.017 1.085 2.100 4.340 9.028 16.042 21.799 22.902 12.864 2.941 0.492 0.054 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.545

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.848

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.565

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.809 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.480

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.953 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.757

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.374 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.769

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.232 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.809

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.132 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.799

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.142 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.235 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 32.061

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.537 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 16.784

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.238 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.859

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.064 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.624

2.58

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 10.740

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 22.190

48.06

31.15

13.51

4.69

7.70

0.0556

0.1071

1.9627

-10.73

0.421

76.386

11.986

11.208

2.389

2.309

0.027

50,419

364

62.83

0.50

8.62

-0.52

62.08

0.00

90.33

62.34

Figure 4-1 

Example Driving Population SAFD and Summary Statistics - 

Urban Interstate (FC11) LOS A Driving
-41- 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.002 0.002

-12

-11

-10 0.002 0.002

-9 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.022

-8 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.037

-7 0.002 0.007 0.011 0.009 0.007 0.009 0.007 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.063

-6 0.009 0.011 0.022 0.015 0.033 0.015 0.007 0.013 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.136

-5 0.007 0.046 0.048 0.046 0.039 0.044 0.028 0.017 0.013 0.017 0.004 0.002 0.313

-4 0.063 0.074 0.103 0.092 0.103 0.061 0.050 0.046 0.031 0.022 0.013 0.004 0.663

-3 0.186 0.286 0.247 0.212 0.232 0.164 0.142 0.125 0.090 0.048 0.046 0.026 0.009 1.813

-2 0.007 0.787 0.894 0.862 0.783 0.612 0.553 0.381 0.289 0.227 0.133 0.079 0.037 0.024 5.668

-1 0.011 3.153 2.644 2.266 2.036 2.018 1.513 1.211 0.800 0.573 0.553 0.286 0.140 0.083 0.028 17.317

0 2.467 7.437 5.581 4.645 3.969 4.085 3.464 2.528 2.106 1.975 1.784 1.032 0.450 0.227 0.024 41.774

1 0.092 3.851 2.965 2.583 2.644 2.690 2.311 1.962 1.612 1.292 1.058 0.485 0.188 0.052 0.007 23.792

2 0.007 1.061 0.969 1.091 0.905 0.770 0.595 0.400 0.230 0.129 0.092 0.046 0.013 6.307

3 0.321 0.300 0.245 0.203 0.122 0.101 0.066 0.037 0.024 0.011 0.002 1.432

4 0.070 0.083 0.074 0.052 0.035 0.015 0.033 0.017 0.007 0.002 0.389

5 0.020 0.026 0.022 0.017 0.011 0.011 0.015 0.007 0.011 0.004 0.144

6 0.002 0.024 0.022 0.011 0.011 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.081

7 0.007 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.017

8 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.013

9 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.007

10

11 0.002 0.002

12

13 0.004 0.004

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.585 16.996 13.912 12.246 11.006 10.783 8.872 6.838 5.314 4.382 3.735 2.005 0.868 0.398 0.059 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.132

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 5.116

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.458

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 17.237 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.827

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 25.392 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.928

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.720 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.695

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.021 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.213

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.987 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.736

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.507 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.416 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.233

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.575 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.483

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.145 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.108

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.136 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.029

1.00

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.384

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.654

46.54

39.12

10.50

2.84

12.20

0.0395

0.0739

1.7925

-13.28

2.585

79.816

8.636

8.964

1.866

5.150

0.829

45,729

148

22.40

0.86

13.48

-0.95

21.74

0.00

70.60

22.32

Figure 4-2 

Example Driving Population SAFD and Summary Statistics - 

Urban Interstate (FC11) LOS F Driving
-42- 

Table 4-3 

Comparison of Key Driving Statistics Across Driving Groups

Driving 

Group

Number of

Observations

Speed (mph) Accel (mph/s) Mean VSP

Mean Max Mean Max (kW/tonne)

FC01LOSAF 78,441 72.84 104.72 0.34 8.37 17.34

FC02LOSAC 34,009 55.04 98.36 0.63 9.33 9.89

FC02LOSDF 7,332 48.77 83.00 0.71 7.54 8.09

FC06LOSAF 20,609 44.55 78.32 0.87 12.20 6.72

FC07LOSAF 76,717 42.85 81.81 1.02 10.19 5.97

FC08LOSAF 39,197 38.90 82.79 1.18 11.52 4.75

FC09LOSAF 12,820 30.10 74.46 1.24 7.18 3.81

FC11LOSA 50,419 62.08 90.33 0.50 8.62 12.54

FC11LOSB 17,534 64.81 86.47 0.40 5.78 12.88

FC11LOSC 27,008 63.76 91.73 0.42 7.51 12.48

FC11LOSD 20,310 57.18 80.82 0.51 7.83 10.89

FC11LOSE 19,447 46.61 78.10 0.65 17.70 7.77

FC11LOSF 45,729 21.74 70.60 0.86 13.48 2.13

FC12LOSA 87,328 53.35 88.19 0.60 11.05 10.09

FC12LOSB 36,754 65.42 85.06 0.38 9.70 13.01

FC12LOSC 32,775 62.98 97.70 0.43 12.12 11.88

FC12LOSD 29,751 50.90 79.27 0.61 10.82 8.56

FC12LOSE 19,821 42.33 79.39 0.71 7.27 6.42

FC12LOSF 36,722 19.67 72.42 0.87 10.14 2.03

FC14LOSA 204,543 25.78 81.47 1.23 17.32 2.72

FC14LOSB 8,194 35.15 78.01 1.10 10.31 3.85

FC14LOSC 8,703 27.20 74.53 1.39 9.27 2.69

FC14LOSD 109,307 21.72 69.33 1.20 11.21 2.11

FC14LOSE 6,920 17.26 56.33 1.42 10.04 1.25

FC14LOSF 22,692 9.55 68.47 1.24 11.15 0.77

FC16LOSA 171,745 27.17 77.35 1.26 14.70 2.77

FC16LOSB 7,449 29.16 69.88 1.41 7.75 2.08

FC16LOSC 8,295 23.68 78.50 1.43 12.37 1.80

FC16LOSD 49,728 22.06 77.02 1.26 12.76 2.08

FC16LOSE 5,621 14.62 56.22 1.54 7.82 0.86

FC16LOSF 10,388 11.13 49.09 1.41 11.69 0.84

FC17LOSAC 91,792 22.26 67.32 1.41 13.05 1.72

FC17LOSD 12,178 18.49 61.41 1.48 10.63 1.56

FC17LOSEF 3,106 11.41 56.02 1.74 9.37 0.52

FC19LOSAC 72,405 16.88 64.65 1.44 12.45 0.89

FC19LOSDF 9,212 12.31 44.69 1.45 8.46 0.20

FC21LOSAF 17,157 26.99 83.44 1.71 13.21 7.68

FC22LOSAF 20,117 25.07 74.71 1.42 11.98 -1.85

FC23LOSAF 7,224 41.14 83.05 0.69 12.32 6.32

OR_D-D 1,461 38.61 70.09 1.75 6.69 14.84

OR_D-L 9,789 37.96 78.85 1.43 8.63 11.42

OR_D-U 2,284 32.89 65.58 1.73 7.30 10.49

OR_L-D 4,140 33.12 67.85 1.48 7.24 10.37

OR_L-L 2,267 32.36 66.71 1.27 6.93 8.05

OR_L-U 477 31.90 55.85 1.43 4.11 8.77

OR_MON 2,886 21.32 61.97 1.83 8.63 3.25

OR_MOF 17,532 38.06 78.85 1.44 6.93 12.19
-43- 

In this manner, SAFDs and other statistics were compiled for all of the vehicle data in 

each driving group and were used as the basis to measure the representativeness of 

individual driving cycles developed for each driving group. How these individual driving 

cycles were constructed is explained in the following sub-section.

4.3 Candidate Cycle Construction 

Given a set of driving data that may encompass many thousands of second-by-second 

speed measurements, it is not practical to develop a driving cycle for emission testing 

purposes by simply stringing together all the data into a very long speed-time trace. To 

minimize the cost of emission test programs (or to maximize the number of vehicles that 

can be tested for a fixed level of resources), it is desirable to make driving cycles as short 

as possible in length while maintaining their representativeness of the entire driving data 

set from which they were created. 

The LA4 driving cycle used in EPA’s Federal Test Procedure (FTP) is 1372 seconds or 

nearly 23 minutes long. CARB’s Unified Cycle is of similar length (just under 24 

minutes). EPA’s facility-specific freeway cycles used to develop the speed correction 

factors contained in its MOBILE6 emission factor model range from six to ten minutes in 

length. Thus, a key element in driving cycle development of driving cycles consists of 

sifting through the speed measurements and constructing individual speed-time traces 

that:

1. Represent the distribution of speeds and accelerations in the entire data set; 

2. Preserve multi-second driving patterns as measured; and 

3. Are short enough in length for practical emissions testing use or implementation 

as input driving schedules within MOVES. 

Based on these considerations, target cycle lengths in the range of 10-15 minutes were 

established for the cycles constructed under this effort. 

Trip Segment Identification – A similar methodology to that employed by Sierra in 

development of the EPA facility-specific cycles7 was used to construct driving cycles 

under this study that met the three key objectives listed above. Under this methodology, 

a computerized “trial and error” approach was used to select combinations of “trip 

segments” that best matched the population SAFD for each driving data set for which 

cycles were constructed. Under cycle development work performed for EPA and CARB 

in the early 1990s, Sierra had used an approach that generated candidate cycles from 

microtrips, rather than trip segments. Microtrips were defined as chunks of speed data 

that began and ended at rest (i.e., zero speed). The microtrip approach was used to 

develop “composite cycles” that covered a range of travel on both freeways and surface 

streets. It does not work for development of freeway specific cycles since vehicles rarely 

come to a complete stop under freeway driving. Thus, a different element of speed-time 
-44- 

trace, the trip segment, was defined and used under the EPA facility-specific cycle 

development effort and this study. 

A trip segment was defined as a second-by-second speed trace whose endpoints were 

determined by any of the following conditions: 

• The vehicle came to a complete stop (defined as at least two seconds of zero 

speed);

• There was a time discontinuity of more than one second from one record to the 

next within the chronologically sorted data for a driving group; or 

• A contiguous portion of data was identified with a minimum time of 120 seconds 

that started and ended at cruise (defined for this use as acceleration ≤±0.5 

mph/sec) or at rest.

As explained earlier in Section 3-1, time discontinuities occur in the driving database 

where the chase car moved off the freeway sampling segment to turn around and begin 

the next sampling traverse. When the records in the overall freeway driving database are 

grouped into separate chronologically sorted driving files for each LOS or speed bin, a 

time discontinuity also occurs if the LOS or speed bin changes (or is missing) from one 

freeway section to the next. 

For example, consider an excerpt of continuously measured second-by-second speeds 

collected over a traverse of a five-mile length of freeway comprised of ten half-mile 

sections. Suppose the LOS on each of the first three sections was “B”, “C”, and “B”, 

respectively. Further assume that each section was traversed in 30 seconds, as follows: 

• Section 1 from 08:00:00 to 08:00:30, 

• Section 2 from 08:00:30 to 08:01:00, and 

• Section 3 from 08:01:00 to 08:01:30. 

When the data are grouped into separate files for each LOS, the records in the LOS B 

group will exhibit a time discontinuity from 08:00:30 (the end of Section 1) to 08:01:00 

(the start of Section 3). 

Thus, the first element in cycle construction consisted of identifying the individual trip 

segments within each Functional Class and LOS driving data group file as described 

above. 

Table 4-4 summarizes the number of individual trip segments that were found for each 

driving group. As shown, most driving groups contained several hundred or more 

individual trip segments. Therefore, the number of possible combinations of trip 

segments chained or grafted together into a candidate driving cycle nominally ten 

minutes in length was quite large.
-45- 

Table 4-4 

Trip Segment Counts by Driving Data Group

Driving Group Trip Segments

FC01LOSAF 120

FC02LOSAC 32

FC02LOSDF 74

FC06LOSAF 322

FC07LOSAF 245

FC08LOSAF 197

FC09LOSAF 364

FC11LOSA 116

FC11LOSB 231

FC11LOSC 293

FC11LOSD 277

FC11LOSE 148

FC11LOSF 516

FC12LOSA 200

FC12LOSB 263

FC12LOSC 352

FC12LOSD 266

FC12LOSE 150

FC12LOSF 1,511

FC14LOSA 164

FC14LOSB 183

FC14LOSC 757

FC14LOSD 99

FC14LOSE 206

FC14LOSF 1,416

FC16LOSA 169

FC16LOSB 157

FC16LOSC 477

FC16LOSD 80

FC16LOSE 114

FC16LOSF 1,374

FC17LOSAC 258

FC17LOSD 71

FC17LOSEF 1,690

FC19LOSAC 321

FC19LOSDF 683

FC21LOSAF 678

FC22LOSAF 187

FC23LOSAF 120

OR_D-D 55

OR_D-L 317

OR_D-U 81

OR_L-D 145

OR_L-L 59

OR_L-U 18

OR_MON 55

OR_MOF 620
-46- 

For example, assume the average length of a trip segment in the FC11LOSF driving 

group was 30 seconds in length and thus a 10-minute cycle in this group would be made 

up of 20 segments (on average). This group contains a total of 516 segments as 

highlighted in Table 4-4. Assuming there were no other cycle construction constraints, 

the FC11LOSF group would contain a total of 5.07 × 1037 possible trip segment 

combinations. This is a prohibitively large number of combinations to individually 

evaluate, even with current computing technology. Thus, “intelligent” cycle construction 

logic had to be applied that didn’t examine every possible combination in trying to find 

trip segment combinations that closely matched the SAFD of the intended driving group. 

Trip Segment Chaining Constraints – Unlike microtrips that start and end at zero speed 

and thus can easily be chained or grafted together, not all trip segments can be chained 

together because the starting and ending speeds (and accelerations) vary from segment to 

segment. Consider two trip segments, one at a steady 55 mph speed and another at a 

steady 70 mph. If the 70 mph trip segment was chained onto the end of the 55 mph 

segment, the result would be an artificial acceleration of 15 mph/sec (70-55) at the 

chaining point that clearly does not represent actual driving patterns. 

Thus, constraints were imposed that allowed only certain combinations of trip segments 

to be chained together in order to eliminate these speed/acceleration artifacts. Trip 

segments could be chained together only when the starting speed and acceleration of a 

“candidate” segment matched the ending speed and acceleration of the “current” segment 

within tolerances of ±0.5 mph and ±0.5 mph/sec, respectively. These tight tolerances 

ensure that trip segments are chained only in “smooth” combinations in a manner that 

virtually eliminates unrepresentative grafting artifacts.

Cycle Construction Logic – The “Hybrid Random/Best Incremental” cycle construction 

logic developed under the 1997 facility-specific cycle work for EPA was used to generate 

a series of candidate driving cycles for each driving group from combinations of its 

individual trip segments. 

Under this approach, a “seed” sample of trip segments for some subset of the desired 

cycle time (e.g., the first 4 minutes of a 10-minute cycle) was selected completely at 

random (with replacement). After the seed sample time was reached, subsequent trip 

segments were selected and successively built onto the seed sample by finding the 

segment that produced the best match of the cycle SAFD to the population SAFD for the 

driving group when added to the existing segments. This latter trip segment sampling 

phase is referred to as the “best incremental” phase because successive trip segments 

built on to the cycle after the random phase are selected by producing the best marginal 

improvement in matching the cycle’s SAFD to that of the driving population. 

Conceptually, an approach based exclusively on the best incremental logic may appear 

more reasonable. The problem with this approach, however, is that the longest trip 

segments are, individually, much better at fitting the population SAFD than are shorter 
-47- 

segments. Thus, a purely “best incremental” method would result in only a few of the 

longest trip segments being selected before the target time is reached.

Under the hybrid method, by first creating a seed sample of randomly selected trip 

segments onto which successive trip segments were added, the best incrementally fitting 

trip segments that remained were not simply the longest segments.

Comparative evaluation of several hundred cycles in past work8

 that compared random, 

best incremental, and hybrid approaches clearly showed that the hybrid approach was 

superior in constructing candidate cycles that best fit the population SAFD. 

During both sampling phases, the trip chaining constraints described earlier were used to 

identify a subset of “Matching Segments” whose starting speeds and accelerations 

matched the ending speeds and accelerations of the current trip segment within the listed 

tolerances. Only those segments that were contained in the Matching Segments subset 

were then considered for random or best incremental selection as described above. Note 

that identification of the Matching Segments subset was a dynamic process, performed 

before each new trip segment is added, and thus it produced a different subset of trip 

segments at each step.

Finally, since the cycles generated under this effort are link-level or project-specific 

cycles, no attempt was made to preserve the natural order of the trip segments as they 

were traversed. (In composite cycle development, it is important to preserve this order to 

properly account for driving patterns that occur during engine and catalyst warm-up. For 

these link-level cycles, this constraint did not need to be imposed.) 

Candidate Cycle Generation – A Fortran program called GenCycs was written and 

executed to apply the Hybrid Random/Best Incremental cycle construction logic 

described earlier to iteratively “build” trip segments into a candidate driving cycle and 

repeated to generate thousands of candidate cycles. 

The GenCycs program was designed to input varying constraints on both the total cycle 

time and the amount of initial time that each candidate driving cycle was built using 

randomly selected trip segments. (During the time after the initial time but before the 

total time was reached, trip segments were built into each candidate cycle using “best 

incremental” selection.)

GenCycs was also written to allow different methods of candidate cycle vs. population 

optimization to be performed by the program as each cycle was generated:

• Total SAFD – optimize (i.e., minimize) the total difference between candidate 

cycle and population SAFD over the entire SAFD; 

• Non-Idle SAFD – optimize the difference between candidate cycle and population 

SAFD over the non-idle portion of the SAFD; 
-48- 

• Non-Cruise SAFD – optimize the difference between candidate cycle and 

population SAFD over the non-cruise portion* of the SAFD; 

• Total Power – optimize the difference in total specific power distribution between 

the candidate cycle and its driving population; and 

• High Power – optimize the difference in specific power distribution for “high 

power” intervals of 200 mph2/sec and greater.

These optimization strategies were developed over earlier cycle development studies 

performed by Sierra. For this effort, all candidate cycles were generated using “NonCruise SAFD” optimization. This method was selected in conjunction with manual cycle 

editing procedures applied later in the process, with the rationale that cycle editing would 

focus on and optimize representativeness for the cruise portion of the SAFD. (Cycle 

editing is discussed in Section 4.5.) Therefore, a non-cruise optimization strategy was 

selected during candidate cycle generation knowing that the cruise portion of the cycle 

would be optimized later. 

Using the non-cruise optimization strategy and varying total cycle time and initial 

random time inputs, GenCycs runs were set up and executed to produce thousands of 

candidate cycles for each of the 39 FC and 8 OR driving groups discussed earlier. As 

stated at the beginning of this section, the targeted cycle length was 10-15 minutes. Thus, 

a number of cycle “sets” were generated for each group for total cycle times of 10 and 15 

minutes and different combinations of initial random times for each set. Table 4-5 lists 

the combinations of total time and initial random time used for building sets of candidate 

cycles in every group. 

Table 4-5 

Candidate Cycle Building Input Combinations Per Driving Group

Total Cycle 

Time (min)

Initial Random 

Time Sets (min)

Number 

of Sets

Candidate 

Cycles Per Set

Number of 

Candidate Cycles

FC Groups

10 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 7 1,000 7,000

15 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

8, 9, 10, 11, 12 12 1,000 12,000 

Per FC Group Totals 19 1,000 19,000

OR Groups

10 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8 200 1,400

Per OR Group Totals 8 200 1,400

 

* The non-cruise portion of the SAFD under this optimization method was defined as the entire SAFD 

except that portion with accelerations or decelerations at or below 0.5 mph/sec (i.e., everything except the 

“Zero Accel” row in the tabular SAFD). 
-49- 

Encompassing all 47 driving groups (39 FC and 8 OR groups), a total of 752,200 

individual candidate cycles (19,000×39 + 1,400×8) were generated under this effort. 

4.4 Selection of Most Representative Cycles

Once the many thousands of candidate cycles were generated for each cycle group, 

another Fortran program called FindBest was used to identify “short lists” of candidate 

cycles whose SAFDs best matched the population SAFD. 

DiffSum Metric – A statistical metric labeled the “DiffSum” was computed within the 

FindBest program to quantify the match between each candidate cycle’s SAFD and that 

of the population. The DiffSum is computed as the difference between the joint speed 

and acceleration frequency of the candidate cycle compared to that of the population, 

summed on an absolute basis (i.e., without regard to positive or negative bias) across 

each frequency bin of the SAFD. Mathematically, the DiffSum is expressed as follows: 

| | ,

20

20

20

0

, as

a s

DiffSum = ∑ ∑ CycSAFD as −PopSAFD −= =

where 

CycSAFD = the cycle’s joint speed-acceleration frequency at speed interval s and 

acceleration interval a; and 

PopSAFD = the driving population’s joint speed-acceleration frequency at speed 

interval s and acceleration interval a. 

Candidate Cycle Short Lists – Using the same “Non-Cruise SAFD” optimization strategy 

employed in generating candidate cycles, the FindBest program sifted through the 

summary statistics generated for each candidate cycle and produced a sorted short list of 

the 50 top-ranked candidate cycles for each driving group. 

Figure 4-3 shows the “Best 50” short list produced by FindBest for the FC01LOSAF 

candidate driving cycles. The candidate cycles in the short list are sorted in ascending 

order by Non-Cruise S/A Diff (or DiffSum) from best (lowest) to worst (highest). 

Overall, these 50 candidate cycles had the lowest Non-Cruise DiffSums of all 19,000 

FC01LOSAF candidate cycles generated.

As shown in Figure 4-3, the short lists also include Total, Non-Idle, and “Emis-Wtd” 

DiffSums and cycle times (in minutes) for each candidate cycle. All of the DiffSums 

except the Emis-Wtd DiffSum were computed on an un-weighted basis. In other words, 

each joint speed-acceleration bin in the SAFD was given equal weight. 

The Emis-Wtd (short for Emissions-Weighted) DiffSum was computed using a weighting 

scheme developed from analysis modal emissions data collected under an earlier testing 
-50- 
-51- 

program8 Sierra performed for the University of California, Davis. Under that program, 

12 relatively new light-duty vehicles were tested over a variety of transient driving 

cycles. Under this effort, Sierra analyzed the second-by-second emissions data from that 

study that were collected under fully warmed-up conditions. The resulting analysis was 

used to construct a weighting function over those SAFD speed and acceleration bins for 

which high emissions were found on a relative basis from analysis of the modal data from 

the 12-vehicle test fleet. The analysis was based on combined THC (total hydrocarbon) 

and NOx (oxides of nitrogen) emissions. 

Since the weighting analysis was based on a limited sample of 12 vehicles, Sierra 

recognized it was not fully representative of an entire on-road fleet and is unlikely to 

represent emissions weighting of future vehicle fleets using different emission control 

technologies and emission strategies. Thus, the resulting relative emission frequencies 

were intentionally assigned bin values of either zero or one to produce an “approximate” 

emissions weighting over the SAFD. 

Table 4-6 shows this approximate emissions weighting and identifies those bins that were 

given weights of either zero or one, based on the analysis described above. 

TOTAL NON-IDLE NON-CRUISE EMIS-WTD TOTAL HIGH (200+) TIME MEAN SPD MAX SPD FST SPD LST SPD Finish Best

RANK CYCLE FILE S/A DIFF S/A DIFF S/A DIFF S/A DIFF POWER DIFF POWER DIFF SEGMENTS (min) (mph) (mph) (mph) (mph) Build? Selected

1 FC01LOSAF_C10R04-00854.OUT 0.21518 0.21499 0.06090 0.20624 0.36651 0.17740 6 12.00 73.77 84.43 75.7 71.0 T X

2 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00050.OUT 0.53021 0.53002 0.06197 0.52128 0.38032 0.17871 6 12.00 74.82 84.43 67.4 72.8 T

3 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00129.OUT 0.35456 0.35437 0.06359 0.34563 0.36921 0.18288 6 12.00 74.70 84.45 79.8 82.2 T

4 FC01LOSAF_C10R07-00391.OUT 0.38954 0.38935 0.06421 0.38061 0.35475 0.18149 6 12.02 76.24 85.08 75.0 80.4 T

5 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00866.OUT 0.37009 0.36990 0.06454 0.36116 0.35188 0.17939 6 10.25 73.18 82.18 64.6 72.6 T

6 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00017.OUT 0.37009 0.36990 0.06454 0.36116 0.35188 0.17939 6 10.25 73.18 82.18 64.6 72.6 T

7 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00996.OUT 0.37009 0.36990 0.06454 0.36116 0.35188 0.17939 6 10.25 73.18 82.18 64.6 72.6 T

8 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00915.OUT 0.37009 0.36990 0.06454 0.36116 0.35188 0.17939 6 10.25 73.18 82.18 64.6 72.6 T

9 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00039.OUT 0.37009 0.36990 0.06454 0.36116 0.35188 0.17939 6 10.25 73.18 82.18 64.6 72.6 T

10 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00006.OUT 0.37009 0.36990 0.06454 0.36116 0.35188 0.17939 6 10.25 73.18 82.18 64.6 72.6 T

11 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00258.OUT 0.31953 0.31934 0.06482 0.31059 0.35472 0.18149 6 12.00 75.78 86.11 85.4 78.4 T

12 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00662.OUT 0.47295 0.47276 0.06531 0.46401 0.34917 0.17594 6 12.00 73.77 84.45 78.7 77.1 T

13 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00938.OUT 0.47295 0.47276 0.06531 0.46401 0.34917 0.17594 6 12.00 73.77 84.45 78.7 77.1 T

14 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00632.OUT 0.47295 0.47276 0.06531 0.46401 0.34917 0.17594 6 12.00 73.77 84.45 78.7 77.1 T

15 FC01LOSAF_C10R04-00595.OUT 0.51508 0.51489 0.06568 0.50615 0.39707 0.17740 6 12.00 74.25 81.54 74.3 74.5 T

16 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00091.OUT 0.51508 0.51489 0.06568 0.50615 0.39707 0.17740 6 12.00 74.25 81.54 74.3 74.5 T

17 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00024.OUT 0.51508 0.51489 0.06568 0.50615 0.39707 0.17740 6 12.00 74.25 81.54 74.3 74.5 T

18 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00208.OUT 0.47258 0.47239 0.06604 0.46364 0.35483 0.17742 6 12.02 76.24 84.43 74.3 73.0 T

19 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00196.OUT 0.47258 0.47239 0.06604 0.46364 0.35483 0.17742 6 12.02 76.24 84.43 74.3 73.0 T

20 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00007.OUT 0.36382 0.36363 0.06615 0.35488 0.37477 0.17871 6 12.00 73.71 81.41 71.8 75.4 T

21 FC01LOSAF_C10R07-00714.OUT 0.49390 0.49371 0.06643 0.48496 0.35776 0.17888 6 12.13 72.84 83.98 67.4 54.9 T

22 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00361.OUT 0.63365 0.63346 0.06661 0.62471 0.35480 0.17740 6 12.00 76.03 84.43 77.2 72.8 T

23 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00376.OUT 0.49020 0.49001 0.06662 0.48126 0.35678 0.17839 6 11.45 72.91 84.55 80.5 70.3 T

24 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00049.OUT 0.49020 0.49001 0.06662 0.48126 0.35678 0.17839 6 11.45 72.91 84.55 80.5 70.3 T

25 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00684.OUT 0.49020 0.49001 0.06662 0.48126 0.35678 0.17839 6 11.45 72.91 84.55 80.5 70.3 T

26 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00426.OUT 0.49020 0.49001 0.06662 0.48126 0.35678 0.17839 6 11.45 72.91 84.55 80.5 70.3 T

27 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00242.OUT 0.49020 0.49001 0.06662 0.48126 0.35678 0.17839 6 11.45 72.91 84.55 80.5 70.3 T

28 FC01LOSAF_C10R04-00191.OUT 0.24605 0.24586 0.06708 0.23711 0.42536 0.17772 6 10.63 73.27 87.35 67.3 70.3 T

29 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00384.OUT 0.44743 0.44724 0.06725 0.43850 0.35483 0.17742 6 12.02 76.00 84.43 79.0 63.7 T

30 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00213.OUT 0.29441 0.29422 0.06756 0.28547 0.35707 0.17854 6 11.65 73.46 85.27 80.5 73.9 T

31 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00561.OUT 0.89223 0.89204 0.06783 0.88329 0.35195 0.18288 6 12.00 73.69 83.10 73.1 73.6 T

32 FC01LOSAF_C10R06-00411.OUT 0.23203 0.23184 0.06797 0.22309 0.35295 0.18427 6 10.85 74.93 88.42 83.8 78.4 T

33 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00975.OUT 0.56914 0.56895 0.06833 0.56021 0.35479 0.18704 6 12.05 76.40 85.50 74.8 72.7 T

34 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00925.OUT 0.45669 0.45650 0.06846 0.44775 0.35776 0.17888 6 12.13 74.68 83.98 72.9 54.9 T

35 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00955.OUT 0.35873 0.35854 0.06882 0.34979 0.35758 0.17879 6 12.00 74.84 85.23 85.0 78.0 T

36 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00759.OUT 0.42225 0.42205 0.06882 0.41331 0.35777 0.17889 5 10.12 74.63 83.98 74.0 69.8 T

37 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00579.OUT 0.42225 0.42205 0.06882 0.41331 0.35777 0.17889 5 10.12 74.63 83.98 74.0 69.8 T

38 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00190.OUT 0.39439 0.39420 0.06895 0.38546 0.35472 0.18149 6 12.00 73.24 81.77 76.3 78.4 T

39 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00215.OUT 0.39439 0.39420 0.06895 0.38546 0.35472 0.18149 6 12.00 73.24 81.77 76.3 78.4 T

40 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00148.OUT 0.39439 0.39420 0.06895 0.38546 0.35472 0.18149 6 12.00 73.24 81.77 76.3 78.4 T

41 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00706.OUT 0.56949 0.56930 0.06903 0.56055 0.38178 0.17742 6 12.02 73.97 81.54 78.1 80.9 T

42 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00067.OUT 0.56949 0.56930 0.06903 0.56055 0.38178 0.17742 6 12.02 73.97 81.54 78.1 80.9 T

43 FC01LOSAF_C10R05-00997.OUT 0.22121 0.22102 0.06925 0.21227 0.37701 0.17724 6 10.12 73.94 87.35 67.9 74.2 T

44 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00083.OUT 0.70542 0.70523 0.06926 0.69648 0.36651 0.17740 6 12.00 76.78 84.43 71.8 81.9 T

45 FC01LOSAF_C10R01-00334.OUT 0.70542 0.70523 0.06926 0.69648 0.36651 0.17740 6 12.00 76.78 84.43 71.8 81.9 T

46 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00750.OUT 0.42750 0.42731 0.06937 0.41856 0.35480 0.17740 6 12.00 73.60 84.43 68.2 81.9 T

47 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00374.OUT 0.42750 0.42731 0.06937 0.41856 0.35480 0.17740 6 12.00 73.60 84.43 68.2 81.9 T

48 FC01LOSAF_C10R03-00149.OUT 0.42750 0.42731 0.06937 0.41856 0.35480 0.17740 6 12.00 73.60 84.43 68.2 81.9 T

49 FC01LOSAF_C10R02-00384.OUT 0.83487 0.83468 0.06944 0.82593 0.35487 0.17710 6 11.63 77.24 86.23 77.8 78.9 T

50 FC01LOSAF_C10R05-00824.OUT 0.48831 0.48812 0.06961 0.47938 0.35430 0.17715 7 11.70 73.60 84.55 80.5 70.3 T

Figure 4-3 

Short List of Best Candidate Cycles for FC01-LOSA-F Driving
-52- 

Table 4-6 

Approximated Emissions Weighting Scheme

Accel 

Intervals

Speed Intervals with

Weighting of One (1)

Speed Intervals with

Weighting of Zero (0)

-5 to – 20 None All

-4 Intervals of 70 mph and above Intervals of 65 mph and below

-3 Intervals of 60 mph and above Intervals of 55 mph and below

-2 Intervals of 50 mph and above Intervals of 45 mph and below

-1 Intervals of 50 mph and above Intervals of 45 mph and below

0 Intervals of 40 mph and above Intervals of 35 mph and below

1 to 20 All None

As explained below, this approximate emissions weighting function was used in 

conjunction with the Non-Cruise DiffSum and the candidate cycle time to select a single 

“best” cycle from each short list.

Selection of Best Single Cycle – Once each “Best 50” candidate cycle short list was 

generated, the candidate cycle at the top of the list (lowest Non-Cruise DiffSum) was not 

always selected as the single best cycle. Instead, the Emis-Wtd DiffSum and the 

resulting cycle time were considered as “secondary ranking factors” in conjunction with 

the primary factor, Non-Cruise DiffSum. 

The basic logic used in this selection process consisted of comparing both the Non-Cruise 

and Emis-Wtd DiffSums of all 50 top-ranked cycles. Starting at the top of the list and 

working down, if a candidate cycle had a much better (lower) Emis-Wtd than that of the 

top ranked cycle on the basis of Non-Cruise DiffSum and the difference in Non-Cruise 

DiffSums was less, that candidate cycle was selected instead of the one with simply the 

lowest Non-Cruise DiffSum. In situations where this trade off was roughly even, the 

lowest cycle time between the two candidates was used as a “tiebreaker.”

Table 4-7 lists the single best cycle selected from each short list and that cycle’s ranking 

based on Non-Cruise DiffSum. Also shown in Table 4-7 are the Total, Non-Cruise, and 

Emis-Wtd DiffSums and the cycle time (in minutes). (The Total Diffsum in Table 4-7 

refers to the Diffsum over the entire speed-acceleration range. It is not the sum of the 

other Diffsum elements in the table.)

At this point in the cycle development process, this collection of single best cycles is 

referred to as the final unedited cycles. The next sub-section describes how the speedtime trace for each cycle was interactively edited within a series of utility spreadsheets to 

optimally match the cruise portion of each cycle’s SAFD with that of its intended driving 

population. 
-53- 

Table 4-7 

Selected Best Cycles and Their Ranking Based on Non-Cruise DiffSum 

Driving 

Group Cycle Name Rank

DiffSum Cycle Time 

Total Non-Cruise Emis-Wtd (minutes)

FC01LOSAF FC01LOSAF C10R04-00854 1 0.2152 0.0609 0.2062 12.00

FC02LOSAC FC02LOSAC C15R02-00646 4 0.2898 0.1239 0.2215 15.03

FC02LOSDF FC02LOSDF C10R05-00513 1 0.4389 0.2262 0.3416 11.32

FC06LOSAF FC06LOSAF C15R01-00276 6 0.3040 0.1491 0.1890 15.82

FC07LOSAF FC07LOSAF C10R07-00913 1 0.3438 0.1270 0.1412 29.67

FC08LOSAF FC08LOSAF C10R05-00330 1 0.3491 0.1870 0.2069 12.70

FC09LOSAF FC09LOSAF C15R06-00563 1 0.3393 0.1887 0.1942 17.65

FC11LOSA FC11LOSA C10R03-00929 3 0.2688 0.1223 0.2160 11.87

FC11LOSB FC11LOSB C10R02-00546 13 0.2232 0.0922 0.2045 11.13

FC11LOSC FC11LOSC C15R09-00849 11 0.1729 0.0742 0.1524 16.90

FC11LOSD FC11LOSD C15R10-00068 3 0.2984 0.1426 0.2225 15.80

FC11LOSE FC11LOSE C15R11-00851 7 0.3566 0.2066 0.2588 16.02

FC11LOSF FC11LOSF C15R01-00876 9 0.2380 0.1403 0.1320 15.58

FC12LOSA FC12LOSA C15R02-00501 14 0.3237 0.1284 0.2301 16.60

FC12LOSB FC12LOSB C15R08-00003 9 0.1620 0.0608 0.1455 15.10

FC12LOSC FC12LOSC C15R04-00582 3 0.1806 0.0884 0.1507 16.70

FC12LOSD FC12LOSD C15R09-00037 8 0.3080 0.1510 0.1878 16.03

FC12LOSE FC12LOSE C15R10-00782 1 0.3932 0.2370 0.2154 15.52

FC12LOSF FC12LOSF C15R08-00294 7 0.2573 0.1390 0.1169 16.85

FC14LOSA FC14LOSA C15R03-00651 2 0.2379 0.1000 0.1451 16.75

FC14LOSB FC14LOSB C15R07-00177 3 0.4398 0.2487 0.2347 12.75

FC14LOSC FC14LOSC C10R04-00104 1 0.4008 0.2253 0.1991 10.15

FC14LOSD FC14LOSD C15R01-00836 6 0.2543 0.1025 0.0698 15.32

FC14LOSE FC14LOSE C15R03-00606 1 0.2114 0.1338 0.0974 15.07

FC14LOSF FC14LOSF C15R05-00424 2 0.1953 0.0869 0.0476 16.10

FC16LOSA FC16LOSA C15R05-00755 24 0.3812 0.1187 0.1227 16.08

FC16LOSB FC16LOSB C15R03-00219 1 0.2937 0.1908 0.1488 14.40

FC16LOSC FC16LOSC C15R05-00252 2 0.2320 0.1509 0.1050 15.58

FC16LOSD FC16LOSD C15R02-00561 4 0.2566 0.1010 0.0925 15.95

FC16LOSE FC16LOSE C15R05-00799 1 0.2265 0.1563 0.0946 12.80

FC16LOSF FC16LOSF C10R02-00249 1 0.2521 0.1283 0.0764 10.68

FC17LOSAC FC17LOSAC C15R01-00333 3 0.2159 0.1022 0.0904 14.70

FC17LOSD FC17LOSD C15R05-00480 1 0.2743 0.1510 0.1064 12.12

FC17LOSEF FC17LOSEF C15R02-00734 1 0.3561 0.1970 0.1042 9.47

FC19LOSAC FC19LOSAC C15R08-00267 26 0.2066 0.0741 0.0582 15.28

FC19LOSDF FC19LOSDF C15R03-00074 2 0.1346 0.0900 0.0471 15.50

FC21LOSAF FC21LOSAF C10R01-00166 1 0.7094 0.3905 0.3642 5.67

FC22LOSAF FC22LOSAF C15R03-00264 1 0.5612 0.2805 0.1849 7.90

FC23LOSAF FC23LOSAF C15R09-00816 11 0.7289 0.3738 0.4821 7.55

OR D-D OR D-D C10R05-00026 1 1.1363 0.7110 0.7059 0.70

OR D-L OR D-L C10R04-00200 10 1.1071 0.6882 0.5943 1.40

OR D-U OR D-U C10R07-00029 1 1.3228 0.5714 0.5845 1.47

OR L-D OR L-D C10R07-00176 1 0.9972 0.5801 0.5839 0.47

OR L-L OR L-L C10R07-00170 1 1.2732 0.5345 0.8396 0.90

OR L-U OR L-U C10R07-00184 1 1.0143 0.5871 0.5385 0.42

OR MON OR MON C10R03-00068 1 0.8967 0.5697 0.3607 1.30

OR MOF OR MOF C10R04-00118 4 1.4555 0.5990 0.6387 1.42
-54- 

4.5 Cycle Optimization Editing

The next step in the cycle development process involved manually editing each of the 

computer-generated final unedited cycles to improve their fit to the target SAFD. Using 

a procedure developed under previous work7 for EPA, editing was limited to two types of 

operations: (1) segment addition, and (2) segment shortening. 

Each of these is described below.

Segment Addition – Segment addition consisted of inserting segments of actual speedtime trace from the entire data set for that driving group that began and ended with a 

speed within 0.5 mph of the speed at the insertion point. Segment addition was 

performed for the cycle’s “cruise” SAFD bins (i.e., those along the “Zero Accel” row in 

the SAFD) that underrepresented the frequency of those bins compared to the population 

SAFD. The entire second-by-second data for each cycle’s driving group were manually 

examined and pieces of actual speed-time trace from the master data set were identified 

and inserted into the cycle’s trace using the criterion described above. 

For example, during editing of the Urban Interstate (FC=11) LOS C cycle, Sierra 

determined that the cycle underrepresented operation in SAFD Bin 10,0, which 

represents speeds between 47.5 and 52.5 mph and accelerations less than ±0.5 mph/sec. 

A six-second speed-time trace was found from the FC11-LOS C driving data set (driven 

on) that began and ended at approximately 52.2 mph. An appropriate insertion point was 

found in the cycle with adjacent speeds close to 52.2 mph. This six-second trace was 

then inserted into the cycle at the insertion point. 

Note that in some instances, the inserted trace also contained some amount of operation 

at accel/decel rates outside the ±0.5 mph/sec range of the “cruise” bins in the SAFD. As 

long as the inserted trace began and ended within 0.5 mph of the speed at the insertion 

point and this amount of non-cruise operation was improving (rather than worsening) the 

representation of those affected non-cruise bins, it was considered acceptable.

Segment Shortening – Segment shortening involved removing portions of the speed-time 

trace between two cruise speeds that were within 0.5 mph. Segment shortening was 

applied for SAFD bins where the cycle overstated the frequency of operation in those 

bins compared to the population SAFD. 

Again using the Urban Interstate LOS C cycle as an example, it was determined that the 

unedited cycle contained significantly more operation in Bin (15,0), which represents 

speeds between 72.5 and 77.5 mph and accelerations less than ±0.5 mph/sec, than its 

population SAFD. Thus, a 33-second portion of “cruise” speed-time trace that started at 

74.97 mph and ended at 74.77 mph was removed from the cycle. 
-55- 

By constraining the segment insertion and shortening operations to within 0.5 mph of the 

speed at the insertion or deletion points, the procedure avoids changes to the speed-time 

profile that alter the characteristics of any existing accelerations. 

During the editing, Sierra lengthened or shortened cruise operation until an optimum 

match to the speed-acceleration distribution of the target data set was achieved within the 

target cycle length. This process was performed interactively within a series of separate 

spreadsheets for each cycle. Logic was programmed into each spreadsheet that 

dynamically kept track of the cycle’s revised SAFD and compared it to its population 

SAFD as the edits were being considered and iteratively applied.

Both the unedited and edited trace for each cycle developed under this effort (and 

descriptions of the edits that were performed and their locations) are contained on the 

final deliverables CD accompanying this report. These traces and detailed edits are 

contained in a series of spreadsheets with the name CycEdt_*.xls). 

### 
-56- 

5. CYCLE RESULTS

The previous section of the report documented the detailed methodologies that were 

applied to develop link-level driving cycles under this study. This section of the report 

presents a detailed summary of the resulting cycles and contains both key statistics and 

plots of the final speed-time traces for each cycle.

5.1 Cycle Statistics

As described earlier in Section 4, the DiffSum metric was the key statistical measure used 

to quantify the representativeness of a driving cycle compared to the entire driving data 

set for each driving group. (DiffSum represents the sum of differences between the cycle 

and the population joint speed-acceleration frequency distributions.) In addition to 

DiffSum, a number of other basic statistics were also computed for each cycle. 

Table 5-1 presents these statistics for each of the link-level FC driving cycles developed 

under this study. For comparative purposes, the same statistics are also shown for the 

two historical driving cycles currently used by EPA and CARB in emissions testing: the 

LA4 driving cycle (upon which the FTP or Federal Test Procedure is based), and the 

Unified Cycle (UC) or LA92 developed by CARB. These historical cycles are intended 

to represent operation over all types of roadways combined, not specific facilities (or 

congestion levels) like the new cycles developed under this study. 

As shown in Table 5-1, the DiffSum values for the 39 FC cycles are generally much 

better (lower) than that for the Unified Cycle, 0.3520. (No DiffSum is available for the 

LA4 since that cycle was developed in the 1970s prior to the quantitative cycle 

development methods used since the early 1990s.) 

Table 5-2 presents similar statistics for the eight specialized on-ramp (OR) cycles 

developed under this effort. As discussed below, two things stand out when comparing 

these statistics to those for the FC cycles in Table 5-1. 

First, the cycles are very short, typically one minute or less. As explained earlier the 

cycle generation software tries to build an optimal set of trip segments until the target 

cycle time is reached. When no other candidate segments can be grafted onto the current 

segment (based on speed-matched endpoints), the software stops short of the targeted 

time (ten minutes in this case) and starts building the next cycle.
-57- 

Table 5-1 

Cycle Statistics Summary for Functional Class (FC) Cycles

(Final Cycles After Cruise Optimization Editing) 

Driving

Cycle

No. of 

Segs

Time

(min)

Dist.

(miles)

Speeds (mph) Mean Specific 

Power (hp/lb)

Total 

Mean Max Min DiffSum

FC01LOSAF 6 9.47 11.64 73.80 84.43 60.51 0.0431 0.1264

FC02LOSAC 9 12.45 11.47 55.26 78.84 0.00 0.0452 0.1593

FC02LOSDF 7 11.33 9.27 49.07 73.06 0.00 0.0585 0.2258

FC06LOSAF 10 13.25 9.82 44.45 67.70 0.00 0.0527 0.1783

FC07LOSAF 4 24.27 17.18 42.47 69.87 0.00 0.0646 0.1466

FC08LOSAF 5 11.07 7.12 38.62 63.61 0.00 0.0725 0.2111

FC09LOSAF 12 16.47 8.25 30.05 65.79 0.00 0.0617 0.1982

FC11LOSA 7 7.87 8.47 64.60 80.15 42.33 0.0589 0.2092

FC11LOSB 7 8.63 9.55 66.37 81.84 50.28 0.0537 0.1428

FC11LOSC 13 15.07 16.17 64.41 78.19 42.53 0.0513 0.0990

FC11LOSD 13 12.15 11.90 58.79 76.78 15.25 0.0494 0.1585

FC11LOSE 13 16.20 12.45 46.12 71.50 0.00 0.0567 0.2032

FC11LOSF 12 15.07 5.18 20.62 55.48 0.00 0.0364 0.1653

FC12LOSA 12 13.20 11.87 53.97 78.98 0.00 0.0491 0.1870

FC12LOSB 10 13.23 14.63 66.35 79.05 50.07 0.0458 0.1032

FC12LOSC 10 14.77 15.67 63.67 79.39 42.84 0.0562 0.1293

FC12LOSD 13 13.33 11.75 52.88 73.15 0.00 0.0555 0.1981

FC12LOSE 12 15.20 10.96 43.28 70.87 6.73 0.0605 0.2300

FC12LOSF 11 16.37 5.19 19.01 53.65 0.00 0.0339 0.1514

FC14LOSA 9 15.48 6.59 25.55 63.09 0.00 0.0520 0.1394

FC14LOSB 14 12.55 6.49 31.02 63.81 0.00 0.0619 0.3005

FC14LOSC 12 8.53 3.61 25.39 53.09 0.00 0.0626 0.2991

FC14LOSD 14 13.33 4.82 21.71 54.80 0.00 0.0467 0.1346

FC14LOSE 18 14.20 4.09 17.26 49.94 0.00 0.0435 0.1569

FC14LOSF 22 14.20 2.07 8.73 44.16 0.00 0.0246 0.1444

FC16LOSA 17 14.13 6.27 26.62 62.88 0.00 0.0528 0.1702

FC16LOSB 16 13.77 6.78 29.54 69.88 0.00 0.0679 0.2234

FC16LOSC 22 14.98 5.81 23.29 53.11 0.00 0.0567 0.1747

FC16LOSD 15 15.35 5.60 21.91 54.10 0.00 0.0479 0.1224

FC16LOSE 17 12.30 3.01 14.67 50.64 0.00 0.0451 0.1764

FC16LOSF 12 9.80 1.72 10.55 43.46 0.00 0.0315 0.1428

FC17LOSAC 21 14.12 5.12 21.76 53.28 0.00 0.0525 0.1393

FC17LOSD 18 11.80 3.66 18.60 50.33 0.00 0.0505 0.1941

FC17LOSEF 17 8.22 1.53 11.19 49.24 0.00 0.0391 0.2342

FC19LOSAC 27 14.48 3.80 15.74 37.95 0.00 0.0410 0.1125

FC19LOSDF 29 14.88 2.98 12.02 37.62 0.00 0.0336 0.1072

FC21LOSAF 10 4.02 1.71 25.55 59.56 0.00 0.0761 0.5328

FC22LOSAF 17 5.70 1.86 19.61 62.05 0.00 0.0491 0.4144

FC23LOSAF 9 6.23 4.46 42.95 75.06 0.00 0.0574 0.3080

LA4 (FTP) 18 22.87 7.44 19.53 56.70 0.00 N/A N/A

UC (LA92) 15 24.15 10.00 24.85 67.20 0.00 N/A 0.3520
-58- 

Table 5-2 

Cycle Statistics Summary for Freeway On-Ramp (OR) Cycles

(Final Cycles After Cruise Optimization Editing) 

Driving

Cycle

No. of 

Segs

Time

(min)

Dist.

(miles)

Speeds (mph) Mean Specific 

Power (hp/lb)

Total 

Mean Max Min DiffSum

OR_D-D 1 0.47 0.29 37.17 60.18 0.00 0.2442 1.0688

OR_D-L 2 1.15 0.56 29.37 60.86 0.00 0.1103 0.8692

OR_D-U 2 0.48 0.21 26.23 45.37 0.00 0.1342 1.1215

OR_L-D 1 0.40 0.24 36.52 46.96 30.08 0.1119 0.9810

OR_L-L 1 0.42 0.28 39.72 56.84 31.08 0.1640 1.2125

OR_L-U 1 0.40 0.24 36.41 54.38 29.18 0.1647 1.0110

OR_MON 3 1.08 0.25 13.71 37.88 0.00 0.0442 0.8785

OR_MOF 1 0.52 0.23 27.04 46.96 0.00 0.1348 1.1339

For the on-ramp driving, which generally consisted of relatively uncongested, steadily 

accelerating traverses, it was difficult to find and join two individual segments based on 

the speed and acceleration matching criteria described earlier in Section 4. Thus, most of 

the OR cycles shown in Table 5-2 consisted of a single segment. Not coincidentally, the 

metered on-ramp cycle (OR_MON) contained several segments because that driving 

group contained operation that generally involved stopping at the metering line (and thus 

a trip segment ended). In this group, there were more “degrees of freedom” for segment 

grafting to occur in the cycle building process. 

Second, and partially a product of the above as well as the much more limited driving 

data samples, the DiffSums presented in Table 5-2 reflect much poorer fits for the OR 

cycle SAFDs to their respective driving populations that for the FC cycles. Unless more 

driving data can be gathered over on-ramps and/or the cycle generation process can be 

modified to address the difficulties of grafting on-ramp trip segments, ramp cycles will be 

less representative than their counterparts on other types of facilities. Nevertheless, these 

cycles provide EPA with a starting point for the development of a library of project-level 

cycles within MOVES.

A working assumption that EPA has reflected in its current MOVES design is that a 

second-by-second driving cycle (and the emissions produced by a vehicle following it) 

can be well represented by a VSP bin distribution. Utilizing this assumption, an 

alternative approach to the ill-fitting OR cycles would involve using the OR population 

VSP bin distributions as project-level library inputs to MOVES instead of the second-bysecond OR cycle traces. In this way, the fact that the OR cycles do not closely fit their 

intended population would be avoided by simply using the OR population VSP 

distributions in the MOVES link-level library. Moreover, since one variation of these 

driving population VSP distributions was computed in a manner that accounted for the 

road grade measured during the ramp traverses, they would account for the power 

demand along non-level road sections. This is an important consideration for on-ramp 

driving since much of it occurs at non-level grades.
-59- 

5.2 Speed-Time Traces

Second-by-second speed vs. time traces for several of the “final” link-level cycles (i.e., 

after cycle editing) are plotted in Figures 5-1 through 5-20. In each of these plots, speeds 

are shown using a thick blue line against the left axis; acceleration (in mph/sec) is plotted 

using a thin red line against the right axis. For easier comparison, the same time scale 

(zero to 1000 second) was used for each plot. For shorter or longer cycles, the different 

time scale is noted on those plots. (A complete set of cycle trace plots is contained in 

Appendix C.) 

As shown in Figures 5-1 through 5-3, the Urban Interstate (FC11) cycles for LOS A, 

LOS D, and LOS F, respectively, reflect increasing frequency of stop-and-go operation 

that occurs as congestion builds on urban freeways. When uncongested, Figure 5-1 

illustrates that accelerations are modest and more time is spent at cruising speeds in the 

65 mph range. In sharp contrast, Figure 5-3 clearly illustrates how heavy freeway 

congestion results in much stronger accelerations and decelerations over a lower, but 

much wider, speed range (zero to about 55 mph). 

Figures 5-4 through 5-6 and 5-7 through 5-9 present similar plots of the final driving 

cycles for Urban Principal Arterial and Urban Collector roadways, respectively. (As with 

Figures 5-1 through 5-3, three cycle plots are shown for each of the two roadway types, 

in order of increasing congestion from LOS A to LOS F). The cycle plots shown for 

these arterial and collector roadways again reflect the overall effect of reduced speeds 

and more stop-and-go operation with increasing congestion. They also illustrate the 

effect of signalization; in Figures 5-4 and 5-7. even lightly congested roadways with 

signalization (or controlled stops) reflect frequent stops and idling. 

Figures 5-10 through 5-12 plot the cycle traces for Rural Interstate, Major Arterial and 

Collector driving (over all combined levels of congestion). The fact that congestion is 

much less frequent and the number of controlled stops per mile (from signals or stop 

signs) is much lower than in urban areas is clearly apparent from the generally higher 

speeds, less frequent idling, and generally milder accelerations than exhibited by their 

urban counterparts. 

Finally, Figures 5-13 through 5-20 present cycle trace plots for each of the eight on-ramp 

cycles. (Note the time scale is much shorter, from zero to 100 seconds, than in the 

preceding plots.) One interesting and expected feature in the on-ramp cycle plots is that 

the Diamond ramp cycles always show some amount of zero speed operation (either at 

the start. as in Figures 5-13 and 5-1, or in the middle, as in Figure 5-14). In contrast, 

none of the Loop ramp cycles represented in Figures 5-16 through 5-18 contain zero 

speed operation. This stands to reason: access to Diamond ramp configurations is often 

controlled from a directly upstream traffic signal; on the other hand, signals are not 

immediately upstream of the entrance to Loop ramps. 
-60- 

0

10

20

30

40

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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

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-2

0

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Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

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Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

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Acceleration (mph/s)

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Accel

Figure 5-1 

Urban Interstate (FC=11) LOS A Driving Cycle 

Figure 5-2 

Urban Interstate (FC=11) LOS D Driving Cycle 

Figure 5-3 

Urban Interstate (FC=11) LOS F Driving Cycle
-61- 

0

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Acceleration (mph/s)

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0

2

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Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Figure 5-4 

Urban Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS A Driving Cycle

Figure 5-5 

Urban Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS D Driving Cycle

Figure 5-6 

Urban Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS F Driving Cycle
-62- 

0

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Acceleration (mph/s)

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Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Figure 5-7 

Urban Collector (FC=17) LOS A-C Driving Cycle

Figure 5-8 

Urban Collector (FC=17) LOS D Driving Cycle 

Figure 5-9 

Urban Collector (FC=17) LOS E-F Driving Cycle
-63- 

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Accel

Figure 5-10 

Rural Interstate (FC=01) LOS A-F Driving Cycle 

Figure 5-11 

Rural Major Arterial (FC=06) LOS A-F Driving Cycle 

Figure 5-12 

Rural Collector (FC=08) LOS A-F Driving Cycle 
-64- 

0

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Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

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Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

Figure 5-13 

Diamond, Downgrade (D-D) On-Ramp Driving Cycle 

Figure 5-14 

Diamond, Level Grade (D-L) On-Ramp Driving Cycle 

Figure 5-15 

Diamond, Upgrade (D-U) On-Ramp Driving Cycle 
-65- 

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Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

Figure 5-16 

Loop, Downgrade (L-D) On-Ramp Driving Cycle 

Figure 5-17 

Loop, Level Grade (L-L) On-Ramp Driving Cycle 

Figure 5-18 

Loop, Upgrade (L-U) On-Ramp Driving Cycle 
-66- 

Although these specialized ramp cycles may not fit their intended driving populations as 

well at the FC cycles, they nevertheless preserve reasonable features.

Another example of this is seen in Figures 5-19 and 5-20, which show ramp metered and 

non-metered cycles (across all shape and grade configurations), respectively. As 

expected, the metered cycle exhibits significant idling and low-speed creep operation that 

would not be expected to occur when the meter is off (during non-peak periods) or no 

meter exists.

### 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

Figure 5-19 

Metered On-Ramp Driving Cycle 

Figure 5-20 

Non-Metered On-Ramp Driving Cycle 
-67- 

6. MOVES CYCLE EMISSIONS COMPARISON

As noted earlier, the CAMP SCF Improvement research program also included an 

element that consisted of modal emission measurements over a series of transient driving 

cycles developed earlier in that research program. With EPA’s concurrence, a 

comparative analysis of MOVES emission estimates against actual emission 

measurements from the CAMP testing program was performed under this study. The 

purpose was to provide EPA with another source of actual emission measurements for 

MOVES validation purposes. This section of the report discusses the CAMP testing data 

and how they were assembled and compared to equivalent emission rate estimates 

contained in MOVES.

6.1 Testing Study Data and Processing

CAMP Emission Test Data Description – The CAMP SCF Improvement emissions 

testing program encompassed more than 1,450 emissions tests of 39 1992 and newer 

model year passenger cars and light-duty trucks from model years 1992 through 2004 

that were recruited primarily from local used car dealers. All of the vehicles accepted for 

testing had reportedly passed a Smog Check test and were free from obvious emissionsrelated defects.*

 Each vehicle was tested using a series of driving cycles that were 

developed under the CAMP project to represent freeway operation during varying levels 

of congestion or in different speed ranges. In addition to the CAMP freeway cycles, each 

vehicle was tested using the cold start Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and a hot start 

version of the “LA92” or “Unified” cycle. Each vehicle was tested over a total 16 cycles, 

generally with two or three “replicate” tests over each cycle.

One set of driving cycles used for this program was representative of Los Angeles 

freeway operation at the “Level of Service” levels defined by the U.S. Federal Highway 

Administration (LOS A through LOS F). In-road traffic monitors were used to measure 

LOS levels, while chase vehicles equipped with laser range finders were used to collect 

vehicle speed data9

. Data collection and subsequent analysis was performed using 

procedures that paralleled those used by Sierra Research under contract to EPA in 

support of its speed correction cycle development.10 Note that these CAMP freeway by 

LOS cycles are similar but not identical to those developed under this work assignment 

 

* Forty-four vehicles were originally recruited for testing, but four vehicles were subsequently rejected 

from the program when mechanical or emissions-related defects developed or were discovered during the 

course of testing. One four-wheel-drive vehicle was rejected when it was determined that, contrary to the 

owner’s claims, the four-wheel-drive had no provision for disablement by the user.
-68- 

and discussed earlier in Sections 4 and 5. The CAMP freeway cycles were developed 

only from driving data collected in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The freeway 

cycles generated under this EPA work assignment were developed using driving data 

from the San Francisco Bay Area, Sacramento, and Modesto/Stanislaus County, CA areas 

in addition to the Los Angeles area data.

Under the earlier CAMP study, additional driving cycles were developed to represent 

freeway operation stratified by speeds, defined in 10 mph increments from 10-20 mph to 

70-80 mph. These “Speed Bin” freeway cycles were included in the CAMP emissions 

measurement program.

Two widely used standard cycles were also included. The Federal Test Procedure, or 

FTP, is used in the emissions certification procedures for light duty cars and trucks. It 

has, however, been criticized as not representing current driving conditions. The 

acceleration rates included in the FTP, for example, are limited to a maximum of 3.3 

mph/s, corresponding to the capabilities of the belt-drive dynamometers used during in 

the late 1960s and early 1970s. A vehicle would take 10 seconds to accelerate from 0 to 

33 mph at this rate, a very sluggish pace. 

A second widely used driving cycle, the LA92, was developed under contract to the 

California Air Resources Board by Sierra Research,11 and is often included in tests 

performed for emission inventory development. The LA92 includes higher average and 

maximum speeds than the FTP, and acceleration rates of up to 6.7 mph/s. Finally, 

emissions results were collected during steady state operation at 65 mph, using the 

vehicle cruise control if available.

The FTP is a cold start test, requiring that test to be the first of any series of tests. The 

order of the remaining cycles was assigned randomly, with the six LOS cycles being 

performed in order of LOS A through LOS F or LOS F through LOS A. The speed bin 

cycles received independent random assignment of order, progressing from lowest to 

highest speed or highest to lowest speed. During the course of testing, the instrument 

operator would note the cumulative emissions at the end of each cycle, and compare the 

results achieved during the next test of that cycle on that vehicle. Unusually large 

differences were resolved with a third test at a later time. Void tests were similarly 

repeated.

12

Table 6-1 summarizes key statistics for each of the 16 driving cycles over which secondby-second modal emissions were measured in the CAMP testing program. 

Limited bag sampling was performed on subsets of tests for quality control purposes. All 

emission data used in this analysis were derived from continuous, time-aligned dilute 

modal emissions measurements obtained with a Constant Volume Sampler and 

certification grade dilute analyzers. Analyzer range selection was controlled by a host 

computer, which was also used to perform time alignment, monitor ambient conditions 

and vehicle speed, and log emission results. 
-69- 

Table 6-1 

Key CAMP Emission Test Cycle Statistics 

Driving

Cycle

Time

(min)

Dist.

(miles)

Speeds (mph)

Mean Max Min

LOS A 6.65 7.51 67.79 79.52 55.62

LOS B 6.10 6.80 66.92 78.34 51.71

LOS C 7.47 8.28 66.53 78.74 47.79

LOS D 7.22 7.85 65.26 77.56 48.18

LOS E 7.85 7.49 57.22 74.43 16.06

LOS F 8.93 4.85 32.60 63.85 3.92

Spd 10-20 7.43 1.88 15.21 65.42 0.00

Spd 20-30 3.25 1.38 25.44 39.96 10.97

Spd 30-40 7.78 4.25 32.75 53.67 5.09

Spd 40-50 6.63 5.05 45.68 63.07 28.60

Spd 50-60 8.63 8.14 56.59 65.42 36.04

Spd 60-70 8.38 9.12 65.30 73.25 56.02

Spd 70-80 8.60 10.45 72.91 82.26 66.59

LA4 (FTP) 22.87 7.44 19.53 56.70 0.00

Unified (LA92) 24.15 10.00 24.85 67.20 0.00

The vehicle test fleet included only newer vehicles equipped with multipoint port fuel 

injection. The final test fleet included 24 cars and 15 trucks. All vehicles were to have 

recently passed a California Smog Check I/M test. Vehicle procurement was limited to 

relatively high production volume models produced by GM, Ford, DaimlerChrysler, 

Toyota, Nissan and Honda, and attempted to include a range of accumulated mileages, 

with an objective of at least half of the test fleet with more than 75,000 miles.

The test vehicles were obtained from local car dealerships and employees and 

acquaintances of Sierra Research employees. Full-time four wheel drive and traction 

control equipped vehicles, which could not be tested on a two-wheel drive dynamometer, 

were excluded. In addition, all vehicles were gasoline-powered. Only vehicles with 

automatic transmissions were recruited.

All testing was performed with commercial California Phase II reformulated gasoline

using fuel from a single source for each vehicle. No fuel sampling or analysis was 

performed.

Data Processing for MOVES Comparisons – The results of all valid tests performed in 

the Caltrans program were copied into Excel spreadsheets, attempting to follow the 

format required for MSOD second-by-second laboratory emissions. We intended to 

submit these results to EPA for inclusion in the MSOD database, but discovered 

transcription errors that would require correction before EPA could use the information. 
-70- 

The data required to satisfy the requirements of this Work Assignment were available, 

however, and were used for this analysis. (Additional resources would be required to 

complete the MSOD data submission; this element was postponed to a later date with 

EPA’s approval.) 

The basic approach in processing the second-by-second CAMP emission measurements 

consisted of organizing the data in a manner in which they could be most directly or 

equivalently compared to the emission rate estimates contained in MOVES. Since 

MOVES estimates emissions by individual Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) bin, this first 

involved computing the second-by-second emissions over each vehicle test in the CAMP 

database, as explained below. 

Each vehicle tested was identified with respect to VIN, Make, Model, Model Year, and 

engine size. The dynamometer Equivalent Test Weight (ETW) and Actual dynamometer 

Horsepower (AHP) were also recorded. This permitted the Total Road Load Horsepower 

(TRLHP) to be obtained from the Sierra Look-up Tables used by Inspection/Maintenance 

programs. The TRLHP value was used to estimate Road Load A, B, and C power 

coefficients using the procedures described in EPA’s MOVES2004 Energy and Emission 

Inputs - Draft Report.

13 A VSP value was then assigned to each second of vehicle 

operation, accompanying the previously reported speed and THC, CO, and NOx and 

emissions for that second. The speed used for the VSP calculation was the actual vehicle 

speed, not the dynamometer target speed. Only running exhaust emissions were 

processed; thus Bag 1 emissions from the FTP measurements in the CAMP study were 

excluded.

The February 2007 MOVES Software Design and Reference Manual provides VSP/speed 

bin definitions for running exhaust THC, CO, and NOx.14 These MOVES-based bins, 

numbered 0 through 40, are defined in Table 6-2. 

The results of each second of operation on each vehicle were assigned to a MOVES bin 

in accordance with Table 6-2. A running count for occurrences in a given bin and the 

sum of emissions occurring in that bin were then computed for each driving cycle. This 

permitted later calculation of average emissions by bin for that driving cycle/vehicle 

combination, or accumulation of counts and emissions if one wanted to combine vehicles, 

driving cycles, model year, or any other stratum. 

Since all tests in the CAMP program were performed in calendar year 2002 , a new 

model year 2002 vehicle was assigned an age of 0, while older vehicles were assigned 

ages by subtracting the vehicle’s model year from 2002. The vehicle results for a given 

model year/age combination were then combined for comparison with the average results 

used in the MOVES model based on the age groupings employed in MOVES. 

Average emissions are reported in bins ranging from number 0 to 40 (23 bins are used). 

The process of placing emissions into VSP bins permitted the average emissions obtained 

in specific bins using a variety of different driving cycles to be compared directly to 

MOVES estimates. 
-71- 

Table 6-2 

MOVES Running Exhaust 

Operating Mode Bin Definitions 

Vehicle Specific Power 

(VSP, kW/tonne)

Instantaneous Speed (mph)

0-25 25-50 >50

Braking – Bin 0

Idling – Bin 1

<0 Bin 11 Bin 21 -

0-3 Bin 12 Bin 22 -

3-6 Bin 13 Bin 23 -

6-9 Bin 14 Bin 24 -

9-12 Bin 15 Bin 25 -

≥12 Bin 16 - - 

<6 - - Bin 33

6-12 - - Bin 35

12-18 - Bin 27 Bin 37

18-24 - Bin 28 Bin 38

24-30 - Bin 29 Bin 39

≥30 - Bin 30 Bin 40

For this analysis, all of the emissions results obtained on each vehicle were combined by 

summing the emissions occurring in individual bins and dividing by the number of 

occurrences observed in those bins. For example, a total of 10 seconds from a given 

cycle might have occurred in Bin X. The second-by-second emissions recorded for those 

seconds were accumulated in corresponding emissions bins for that bin and cycle. The 

average emission rate for Bin X is obtained by dividing the accumulated sum of the 

second-by-second emissions observed in Bin X by 10. 

Based on EPA’s inherent assumption in MOVES that emission rates, once binned by 

VSP/operating mode, are independent, sums of all emissions in Bin X across all of the 

driving cycles performed on a given vehicle were added, and then divided by the total 

number of seconds included in those bins to compute an overall average emission rate for 

a vehicle/bin combination. 

6.2 Comparison to MOVES Estimates

After average emissions for each VSP bin were tabulated, they were compared to 

MOVES VSP bin emission rates by model year, vehicle age, and vehicle type. In the 

CAMP measurement program, only Passenger Car and Light Truck vehicle types (with 

MOVES sourceTypeIDs 21 and 31) were tested. 
-72- 

The MOVES emission rates were based on version 20081106 of the model’s underlying 

database. A MySQL query was written and applied to extract specific records from the 

EmissionRateByAge table within the MOVES model database for gasoline-fueled running 

exhaust THC, CO and NOX emissions of passenger cars and light trucks covering the 

model year and vehicle age ranges represented in the CAMP testing program.

When stratified by model year, age group and vehicle type, a total of 15 groups (9 car and 

6 truck) were represented within the CAMP testing data. For each of these model 

year/age/vehicle type groups, individual comparisons of measured vs. MOVES exhaust 

emissions by VSP bin were performed. 

Table 6-3 presents overall results of the emission rate comparisons between MOVES and 

the CAMP testing data. It also lists the number of CAMP sample vehicles and secondby-second measurements represented in each group. The MOVES and CAMP tested 

rates (the latter shown in the “Meas” columns) are simple averages taken across all VSP 

bins. In this overall comparison, no attempt was made to weight results by individual 

VSP bin to represent overall composite in-use operation. (The “%Diff” columns 

represent the relative proportion of the average CAMP-measured rates compared to

MOVES average rates for each stratum shown.) 

Table 6-3 

Overall Emission Comparison Between MOVES vs. CAMP Measurements by 

Model Year, Age Group and Vehicle Type

ModYr/Age/

VehType

Meas.

Vehs

Meas.

Secs

THC (grams/hour) CO (grams/hour) NOx (grams/hour)

MOVES Meas %Diff MOVES Meas %Diff MOVES Meas %Diff

93/8-9/C 1 18,507 20.43 0.60 3% 567.6 210.7 37% 78.42 9.29 12%

94/8-9/C 2 35,176 15.51 6.12 39% 767.5 232.5 30% 72.46 4.28 6%

95/6-7/C 1 18,885 13.05 1.81 14% 360.9 140.7 39% 66.48 36.72 55%

96/6-7/C 4 76,892 8.39 3.31 39% 301.6 331.5 110% 44.26 10.12 23%

97/4-5/C 1 22,610 4.81 2.15 45% 261.9 87.1 33% 39.40 19.96 51%

98/4-5/C 3 54,501 3.73 3.46 93% 231.6 285.5 123% 22.28 4.63 21%

99/0-3/C 4 81,042 2.75 1.32 48% 262.2 182.3 70% 19.58 10.61 54%

00/0-3/C 5 89,033 2.75 0.95 35% 262.2 108.1 41% 19.58 2.65 14%

01/0-3/C 3 51,391 1.52 0.45 29% 145.3 22.9 16% 6.95 2.36 34%

97/4-5/T 2 35,662 6.12 0.92 15% 428.6 11.4 3% 40.86 10.72 26%

98/4-5/T 5 89,610 4.04 2.43 60% 261.2 67.0 26% 32.98 14.25 43%

99/0-3/T 2 34,496 4.38 1.21 28% 157.7 40.9 26% 29.59 7.05 24%

00/0-3/T 2 34,077 4.38 0.46 11% 157.7 13.5 9% 29.59 2.44 8%

01/0-3/T 3 52,310 3.16 0.49 16% 90.8 50.7 56% 14.72 2.74 19%

02/0-3/T 1 15,556 3.20 0.55 17% 90.8 6.9 8% 13.55 1.09 8%
-73- 

Shaded cells in Table 6-3 highlight possible anomalies in the MOVES emission rates. 

First, shaded in bold italics, the CO running exhaust rate of 767.5 grams/hour for 1994 

model year passenger cars at ages 8-9 in MOVES is significantly higher than that for 

1993 models in the same age range (567.6 grams/hour). Although these values may 

reflect results from the test data used to develop the MOVES rates, they are likely the 

result of limited measurements for one of these model year/age/vehicle type strata. As 

appears to have been done for other strata, EPA should combine data from both groups or 

assign the same rates to both. 

Second, instances where the average CAMP-measured emission rate exceeded those in 

MOVES are shaded in bold. Generally speaking, the MOVES rates were higher than the 

corresponding CAMP measurements. As elaborated later, this does not necessarily 

indicate problems with the MOVES rates because the CAMP vehicles were not a 

representative sample and were biased toward lower emission rates. Given the “cleaner” 

bias of the CAMP sample, instances of higher CAMP rates were flagged in Table 6-3. 

Figures 6-1 through 6-3 present more detailed comparisons by individual VSP bin for 

THC, CO, and NOx, respectively, for one of the model year/age/vehicle type groups—

model year 1996 passenger cars that are six to seven years old. In each of these figures, 

MOVES model emission rates by bin are shown in black. Individual vehicle rates within 

the model year/age/vehicle type stratum from the CAMP study are shown in different 

colors; the mean rates averaged across the vehicles in the stratum are shown in blue.

As seen in each of these three figures (as well as the overall comparison in Table 6-3), the 

MOVES emission rates are generally and sometimes significantly higher than those 

corresponding rates measured in the CAMP testing. 

Several characteristics of the CAMP test fleet make these observations directionally 

consistent with the population used in the underlying MOVES model. As noted earlier, 

all of the test vehicles in the CAMP program were in good operating condition, and had 

recently passed a Smog Check test. All were normally operated in California, and can be 

assumed to meet all California certification requirements. The test fuel was California 

Phase II reformulated fuel. The owner demographics—car dealerships and employees of 

Sierra Research—do not represent the in-use owner population that might be expected for 

vehicles of similar age.

Under the CAMP study, no attempt was made to recruit a fully representative sample of 

in-use light-duty vehicles, nor to quantify the bias resulting from the recruitment process 

employed. Thus, we simply note that MOVES emission rates that exceed those from the 

CAMP sample do not necessarily signal a problem with MOVES. 

Conversely, instances where CAMP measured rates exceed corresponding MOVES rates 

may indicate under-estimated rates in MOVES. Figure 6-2 shows such an occurrence for 

VSP bins in the speed ranges above 25 mph. As shown in the figure, however, when the 
-74- 
-75- 

CAMP tested fleet is stratified by model year, age, and vehicle type, each stratum 

contains a very limited number of vehicles; one or two of the vehicles in the stratum can 

significantly affect the stratum averages.

Detailed charts summarizing complete results by VSP bin for every group and pollutant 

are contained in Appendix D. 

A broader review of the results in Appendix D reveals that the average emission rates 

incorporated in the MOVES model are generally higher than the rates observed in this 

program. While specific vehicles achieved higher average emission scores, the tested 

results in general averaged 25–50% of the levels used in MOVES. 

MOVES Emission Rate Bins

MY1996/Age 6-7/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

002

017

029

039

Figure 6-1 

MOVES vs. CAMP Measured THC Emission Rates by VSP Bin for 

Model Year 1996 Passenger Cars, Ages 6-7 Years 
-76- 

The expected pattern of increasing emission rates with increasing VSP is also seen. The 

very newest vehicles are extremely clean, with many vehicles achieving less than 10% of 

the MOVES value for all bins. 

The results of this program, however, support the gathering and incorporation of 

additional data in the MOVES model, particularly for the higher VSP bins. It appears as 

if a relatively small sample of data was included in MOVES for some of the high power 

modes. This is reflected in the consistency of the average rates reported in comparison to 

the patterns observed within and between vehicles at lower power levels. It is also 

corroborated by the fact that the MOVES rates are largely based on IM240 measurements 

from several I/M programs and special studies.

15 (The IM240 cycle is a subset of the 

FTP and thus any operating modes in the IM240 are also represented in the FTP.) 

MOVES Emission Rate Bins

MY1996/Age 6-7/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

002

017

029

039

Figure 6-2 

MOVES vs. CAMP Measured CO Emission Rates by VSP Bin for 

Model Year 1996 Passenger Cars, Ages 6-7 Years 
-77- 

Examining the relative count frequencies in the CAMP testing program, which was 

focused on relatively high power freeway vehicle operation, indicates that some of the 

highest power bins include less than 0.1% of the total sample. A similar examination of 

the frequency observed during the FTP, which was limited by historical driving patterns 

and dynamometer design to lower VSP levels, further emphasizes the lack of 

proportionate sampling of the highest power levels. 

Figure 6-4 illustrates this. It plots the distribution of operation (expressed as the 

percentage of total operating time) in each VSP/Speed bin from the CAMP database, first 

MOVES Emission Rate Bins

MY1996/Age 6-7/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

002

017

029

039

Figure 6-3 

MOVES vs. CAMP Measured NOx Emission Rates by VSP Bin for 

Model Year 1996 Passenger Cars, Ages 6-7 Years 
-78- 

for just the FTP, and then for all of the CAMP cycles tested (the freeway, Unified, and 

FTP cycles). Recall from Table 6-2 that the higher power bins are those numbered in the 

high 20s and 30s plus Bin 40. As clearly shown in Figure 6-4, the FTP (and IM240) 

contains a negligible percentage of operation in these bins. Although the combined 

CAMP cycles also reflect small operation frequency in the highest power bins (Bins 30 

and 40), they contain substantially more operation in the moderately high power bins 

(Bins 26-29 and 36-39) than the FTP. 

It is also interesting to note an apparent NOx control strategy reflected in both the 

MOVES averages and the CAMP test results. Vehicles generally increase NOx levels 

with increasing VSP. Some then hold steady or drop at the highest power levels. This 

effect is not observed in the THC and CO emissions. It is seen in both the truck and car 

groups, in some of the MOVES reported levels, and several, but not all, of the individual 

vehicle results.

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

0 10 20 30 40

VSP/Speed Bin

Frequency of Operation (% of Time)

FTPs

All CAMP Cycles

Figure 6-4 

Distribution of Operating Frequencies by VSP/Speed Bin, 

FTP vs. All CAMP Driving Cycles
-79- 

Given the limited number of vehicles available from the CAMP testing and resource 

limitations for this task element under the study, no quantitative statistical analysis of the 

significance of the emission rates differences between the CAMP measurements and 

MOVES was performed. The primary purpose of this element was to assemble the data 

into equivalent groups to those used in MOVES and to perform some preliminary 

comparisons. 

Two additional tasks are recommended for future study. First, the detailed VSP bin-level 

comparisons (such as those plotted in Appendix D) should be expanded to include not 

just the mean emission rates from MOVES, but also representation of the variance in 

these rates. In addition to the mean rate, the EmissionRateByAge table within the 

MOVES model database includes EPA’s estimate of the coefficient of variation (CV), 

which is the standard deviation divided by the mean, of the underlying data. It would be 

useful to see whether the measured CAMP rates fall within a single standard deviation 

from the mean, or reflect emissions at the tails of the assumed normally distributed 

underlying MOVES measurements. 

Second, to test MOVES’ inherent assumption that, once binned by VSP/Speed operating 

mode, emissions are independent, it is recommended that a reconstructive analysis of the 

summed emissions measured over each cycle in the CAMP testing study be computed 

from the average measured emission rates in each VSP bin calculated under this current

study and compared to the actual emission totals measured over each cycle.

### 
-80- 

7. REFERENCES

1. Sierra Research, Inc., “Task Order No. 2 SCF Improvement - Field Data 

Collection,” prepared for California Department of Transportation, Report No. 

SR02-07-04, July 18, 2002. 

2. T. Carlson, et al., “Task Order No.7 SCF Improvement – Driving Data Collection, 

South Coast Air Basin,” prepared for California Department of Transportation, 

Report No. SR02-07-05, July 31, 2002. 

3. “Highway Capacity Manual - Special Report 209, Fourth Edition,” Transportation 

Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 1997. 

4. T.C. Austin, et al., “Fleet Coverage Limitations of Remote Sensing Devices for the 

Measurement of Motor Vehicle Emissions,” prepared for California Air Resources 

Board, December 10, 2004. 

5. J. Koupal, et al., “MOVES2004 Energy and Emission Inputs Draft Report,” U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Report No. EPA420-P-05-003, March 2005. 

6. “Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 

2008,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report No. EPA420-R-08-015, 

September 2008. 

7. T.R. Carlson and T.C. Austin, “Development of Speed Correction Cycles,” 

prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Contract No. 68-C4-

0056 Work Assignment No. 2-01, Report No. SR97-04-01, April 30, 1997. 

8. Sierra Research, Inc., “Drivecycle Testing for Caltrans/ARB Modeling Program,” 

prepared for Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of 

California, Davis, June 30, 1999. 

9. T.R. Carlson, et al., “SCF Improvement – Supplemental Data Gathering on 

Los Angeles Area Freeways (Task Order No. 8) – Draft Report,” prepared for the 

California Department of Transportation, June 30, 2003. 

10. T.R. Carlson and T.C. Austin, “Development of Speed Correction Cycles,” 

prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Contract No. 68-C4-

0056 Work Assignment No. 2-01, Report No. SR97-04-01, April 30, 1997. 
-81- 

11. T.C. Austin, et al., “Characterization of Driving Patterns and Emissions from LightDuty Vehicles in California,” prepared for the California Air Resources Board, 

Report No. SR93-11-02, November 12, 1993. 

12. F. Di Genova, et al., “Speed Correction Factor Improvement – Vehicle Emissions 

Testing – Draft Report,” prepared for the California Department of Transportation, 

July 8, 2002. 

13. J. Koupal, et al., “MOVES2004 Energy and Emission Inputs – Draft Report,” 

EPA420-P-05-003, March 2005. VSP calculation and bin assignments described in 

Appendix B. 

14. Cumberworth, Koupal, and Beardsley, “Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator 

Highway Vehicle Implementation (MOVES-HVI) Demonstration Version. 

Software Design and Reference Manual – Draft,” EPA420-07-001, February 2007. 

15. http://www.epa.gov/oms/models/ngm/facaldcriteriarev.pdf
APPENDIX A

Driving Population SAFDs, VSP Distributions and Summary Statistics - 

Compensated for Road Grade
A-1 

California 2000 Rural Principal Arterial Interstate Driving (FC=01) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16 0.001 0.001

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.001 0.001

-10

-9 0.001 0.001

-8 0.001 0.001

-7 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.005

-6 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.017

-5 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.054

-4 0.001 0.005 0.019 0.023 0.008 0.006 0.008 0.005 0.001 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.011 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.117

-3 0.006 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.024 0.006 0.011 0.015 0.010 0.020 0.017 0.025 0.025 0.023 0.041 0.024 0.011 0.003 0.317

-2 0.019 0.027 0.014 0.010 0.018 0.009 0.004 0.006 0.018 0.025 0.064 0.068 0.083 0.098 0.119 0.094 0.031 0.010 0.001 0.718

-1 0.048 0.023 0.020 0.013 0.023 0.003 0.005 0.013 0.018 0.045 0.116 0.292 0.904 1.773 2.045 1.383 0.579 0.127 0.014 7.444

0 0.019 0.087 0.024 0.066 0.020 0.038 0.011 0.003 0.020 0.037 0.125 0.310 1.884 6.634 23.003 28.027 15.593 4.915 0.866 0.140 0.005 81.828

1 0.003 0.059 0.038 0.040 0.010 0.022 0.020 0.040 0.032 0.080 0.113 0.204 0.469 1.062 1.948 2.030 1.303 0.504 0.112 0.006 0.005 8.099

2 0.003 0.032 0.029 0.032 0.036 0.038 0.028 0.027 0.028 0.040 0.048 0.057 0.085 0.105 0.129 0.112 0.084 0.015 0.004 0.932

3 0.008 0.031 0.034 0.048 0.033 0.014 0.014 0.010 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.013 0.010 0.019 0.018 0.009 0.005 0.001 0.311

4 0.006 0.010 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.004 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.015 0.004 0.003 0.099

5 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.040

6 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.005

7 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.006

8 0.001 0.001 0.003

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.032 0.291 0.214 0.274 0.187 0.207 0.115 0.121 0.142 0.223 0.395 0.784 2.849 8.837 27.016 32.431 18.512 6.072 1.124 0.161 0.013 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 17.267

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 0.776

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.040

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.181 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.092

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.297 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.052

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.133 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.043

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.084 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.059

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.088 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.091

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.080 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.179 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 33.777

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.120 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 29.689

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.061 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 11.616

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.029 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 4.498

1.98

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 5.014

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 13.002

49.89

32.48

12.04

3.61

49.63

0.0462

0.0922

2.3605

-15.94

0.032

82.793

8.825

8.350

21.742

17.909

0.003

78,441

73

73.41

0.34

8.37

-0.34

72.84

0.00

104.72

72.87
A-2 

California 2000 Rural Other Principal Arterial LOS A-C Driving (FC=02) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.003 0.003

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.003 0.006 0.009

-8 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.015

-7 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.056

-6 0.012 0.050 0.059 0.050 0.044 0.021 0.021 0.012 0.006 0.003 0.276

-5 0.053 0.103 0.091 0.126 0.112 0.076 0.047 0.024 0.018 0.018 0.009 0.003 0.679

-4 0.021 0.121 0.109 0.171 0.135 0.132 0.156 0.121 0.076 0.044 0.018 0.009 0.021 1.132

-3 0.103 0.147 0.103 0.082 0.109 0.153 0.215 0.168 0.115 0.091 0.068 0.035 0.009 0.006 0.009 1.411

-2 0.226 0.123 0.068 0.062 0.071 0.097 0.129 0.229 0.221 0.176 0.171 0.097 0.059 0.035 0.006 0.003 0.009 1.782

-1 0.003 0.412 0.047 0.032 0.050 0.076 0.085 0.135 0.368 0.823 0.850 1.276 2.026 1.429 0.809 0.447 0.118 0.029 0.015 0.003 9.033

0 2.632 0.326 0.032 0.041 0.050 0.068 0.088 0.221 1.385 1.991 3.134 7.389 20.015 18.292 8.507 4.631 0.767 0.088 0.009 0.006 0.003 69.676

1 0.059 0.247 0.029 0.053 0.094 0.085 0.168 0.306 0.676 0.982 0.917 1.550 2.141 1.517 0.832 0.303 0.074 0.024 0.012 0.015 10.083

2 0.024 0.203 0.059 0.076 0.082 0.191 0.276 0.379 0.262 0.191 0.262 0.265 0.171 0.094 0.041 0.038 0.018 0.003 2.635

3 0.300 0.156 0.212 0.215 0.215 0.185 0.135 0.106 0.085 0.068 0.059 0.044 0.024 0.012 0.003 1.817

4 0.018 0.126 0.179 0.150 0.162 0.132 0.094 0.062 0.050 0.018 0.012 0.009 0.006 1.017

5 0.009 0.065 0.062 0.047 0.038 0.041 0.018 0.012 0.009 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.312

6 0.006 0.009 0.015 0.006 0.006 0.003 0.044

7 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.012

8 0.003 0.003

9 0.003 0.003 0.006

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.735 1.985 1.041 1.073 1.179 1.314 1.491 1.870 3.455 4.561 5.587 10.824 24.552 21.450 10.250 5.440 0.976 0.147 0.035 0.029 0.006 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 9.928

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.420

Bin 1 % (idle) 2.995

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.856 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.992

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.797 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.316

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.546 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.824

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.437 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.871

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.449 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.440

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.847 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.254 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 26.702

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.941 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 8.575

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.387 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.086

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.404 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.959

3.31

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 9.752

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 28.151

50.50

31.47

10.58

4.16

14.82

0.0523

0.1056

2.1165

-13.87

2.735

76.306

10.721

10.239

4.333

4.724

0.092

34,009

120

59.29

0.63

9.33

-0.68

55.04

0.00

98.36

56.59
A-3 

California 2000 Rural Other Principal Arterial LOS D-F Driving (FC=02) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.041

-8 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.041

-7 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.041 0.041 0.014 0.136

-6 0.014 0.041 0.055 0.041 0.027 0.014 0.027 0.218

-5 0.014 0.014 0.123 0.095 0.095 0.027 0.014 0.055 0.041 0.027 0.014 0.014 0.532

-4 0.027 0.027 0.055 0.055 0.109 0.109 0.082 0.068 0.041 0.068 0.014 0.655

-3 0.136 0.136 0.095 0.150 0.082 0.164 0.136 0.232 0.136 0.150 0.082 0.082 0.027 0.014 1.623

-2 0.218 0.041 0.136 0.109 0.259 0.177 0.423 0.232 0.355 0.327 0.382 0.082 0.041 0.014 0.041 0.041 2.878

-1 0.477 0.109 0.055 0.314 0.232 0.355 0.709 1.091 0.941 1.828 2.400 2.728 1.091 0.559 0.123 0.014 13.025

0 4.842 0.518 0.095 0.109 0.191 0.164 0.532 1.214 2.605 2.946 4.733 10.543 13.148 9.547 5.619 0.873 0.014 57.692

1 0.068 0.409 0.068 0.041 0.191 0.164 0.600 1.091 1.391 1.637 2.973 3.505 2.810 1.227 0.627 0.123 0.014 16.939

2 0.177 0.041 0.123 0.218 0.396 0.559 0.436 0.436 0.341 0.259 0.245 0.055 0.123 0.055 0.014 0.014 3.492

3 0.014 0.218 0.123 0.218 0.218 0.191 0.150 0.123 0.095 0.095 0.068 0.041 0.041 0.027 0.014 0.027 1.664

4 0.136 0.095 0.109 0.164 0.150 0.055 0.041 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.791

5 0.068 0.041 0.027 0.027 0.014 0.177

6 0.014 0.014 0.027

7 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.055

8 0.014 0.014

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 4.924 2.441 0.859 1.050 1.828 1.909 2.837 4.324 6.206 6.615 10.461 17.239 18.958 12.125 6.915 1.214 0.068 0.027 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 8.754

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.247

Bin 1 % (idle) 5.480

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.301 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.973

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.260 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.027

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.562 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.836

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.616 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.959

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.603 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.069

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.726 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.096 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 21.466

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.808 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 6.562

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.877 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.685

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.219 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.041

4.81

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 11.795

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 19.795

48.12

27.33

13.53

6.21

15.22

0.0664

0.1280

1.9395

-9.18

4.924

73.432

11.007

10.638

3.104

3.819

0.161

7,332

32

52.99

0.71

7.54

-0.79

48.77

0.00

83.00

51.29
A-4 

California 2000 Rural Minor Arterial Driving (FC=06) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.010 0.010

-8 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.044

-7 0.005 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.058

-6 0.010 0.015 0.029 0.044 0.034 0.044 0.015 0.010 0.010 0.209

-5 0.010 0.058 0.112 0.131 0.126 0.131 0.082 0.039 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.713

-4 0.005 0.005 0.165 0.194 0.204 0.272 0.233 0.184 0.126 0.073 0.029 0.015 0.005 0.005 1.514

-3 0.005 0.155 0.262 0.238 0.277 0.286 0.277 0.388 0.277 0.238 0.180 0.102 0.019 2.703

-2 0.383 0.204 0.170 0.141 0.170 0.218 0.257 0.349 0.403 0.359 0.194 0.121 0.005 0.010 2.984

-1 0.742 0.184 0.165 0.170 0.204 0.335 0.485 0.805 1.645 1.980 2.038 1.203 0.388 0.044 0.005 0.005 10.398

0 4.013 1.538 0.286 0.272 0.286 0.374 1.038 1.480 1.917 2.586 5.464 14.392 20.278 5.769 0.442 0.053 0.010 60.197

1 0.102 0.684 0.126 0.146 0.204 0.281 0.529 0.631 1.077 1.727 2.518 2.130 1.359 0.359 0.049 0.019 11.941

2 0.049 0.514 0.136 0.189 0.233 0.320 0.446 0.524 0.577 0.500 0.330 0.155 0.029 0.010 0.010 4.023

3 0.015 0.374 0.233 0.286 0.335 0.354 0.374 0.238 0.180 0.087 0.053 0.029 2.557

4 0.359 0.209 0.272 0.281 0.218 0.150 0.102 0.087 0.024 0.015 0.005 1.723

5 0.092 0.189 0.102 0.087 0.063 0.053 0.024 0.010 0.005 0.626

6 0.039 0.049 0.019 0.029 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.170

7 0.005 0.015 0.024 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.068

8 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.019

9 0.005 0.005

10 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.019

11 0.005 0.005 0.010

12 0.010 0.010

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 4.187 4.915 2.164 2.251 2.441 2.732 3.853 4.440 5.468 7.312 10.966 19.069 23.019 6.531 0.548 0.087 0.015 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 6.775

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 6.725

Bin 1 % (idle) 5.050

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.235 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.469

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.630 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.761

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.037 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.727

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.906 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.868

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.804 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.581

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.631 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.779 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 14.819

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.245 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 3.287

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.794 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.813

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.463 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.453

4.70

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 11.702

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 24.222

50.17

28.43

11.34

5.35

16.34

0.0587

0.1177

1.2703

-9.12

4.188

74.992

10.952

9.870

3.446

4.642

0.149

20,609

74

50.29

0.87

12.20

-0.87

44.55

0.00

78.32

46.50
A-5 

California 2000 Rural Major Collector Driving (FC=07) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.003 0.003

-13

-12 0.001 0.001 0.003

-11 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.005

-10 0.001 0.003 0.004

-9 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.012

-8 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.007 0.001 0.007 0.003 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.038

-7 0.004 0.012 0.023 0.034 0.036 0.013 0.017 0.008 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.162

-6 0.001 0.016 0.074 0.113 0.090 0.061 0.055 0.040 0.027 0.004 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.494

-5 0.009 0.103 0.232 0.223 0.274 0.244 0.158 0.109 0.051 0.031 0.014 0.012 0.001 1.461

-4 0.053 0.321 0.338 0.371 0.421 0.403 0.362 0.278 0.203 0.109 0.042 0.013 0.008 2.922

-3 0.001 0.226 0.361 0.270 0.355 0.293 0.295 0.382 0.431 0.370 0.228 0.125 0.047 0.009 0.003 3.396

-2 0.001 0.417 0.262 0.199 0.190 0.215 0.275 0.374 0.458 0.546 0.503 0.296 0.139 0.023 0.012 3.912

-1 0.001 0.757 0.173 0.209 0.128 0.197 0.283 0.416 0.693 1.290 1.988 1.927 1.126 0.345 0.090 0.027 0.005 9.656

0 2.650 1.120 0.207 0.215 0.231 0.596 0.923 1.161 1.861 3.651 7.809 12.001 12.055 5.191 0.940 0.164 0.030 50.805

1 0.068 0.554 0.155 0.262 0.284 0.447 0.597 0.983 1.710 2.496 3.006 2.312 1.130 0.322 0.082 0.025 0.005 14.439

2 0.020 0.489 0.189 0.349 0.339 0.469 0.654 0.965 0.989 0.714 0.353 0.126 0.035 0.007 0.004 0.001 5.704

3 0.009 0.488 0.373 0.502 0.579 0.618 0.632 0.437 0.241 0.085 0.035 0.021 0.004 4.023

4 0.001 0.304 0.386 0.385 0.456 0.355 0.215 0.089 0.030 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.001 2.238

5 0.001 0.064 0.166 0.123 0.074 0.056 0.020 0.014 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.531

6 0.010 0.043 0.038 0.023 0.010 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.143

7 0.007 0.007 0.014 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.034

8 0.004 0.007 0.001 0.001 0.013

9 0.001 0.001

10 0.001 0.001 0.003

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.753 4.502 2.779 3.229 3.401 4.088 4.651 5.424 6.871 9.467 14.087 16.885 14.568 5.907 1.130 0.218 0.040 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 5.918

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 10.430

Bin 1 % (idle) 3.214

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.138 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.366

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.651 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.037

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.508 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.885

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.342 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.169

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.221 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.676

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.186 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.587 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 12.801

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 3.286 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.351

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.064 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.424

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.264 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.169

5.61

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 9.867

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 20.367

47.38

28.04

12.49

6.47

15.95

0.0670

0.1273

1.4592

-13.80

2.753

69.023

14.222

14.002

2.836

3.971

0.189

76,717

322

49.18

1.02

10.19

-1.24

42.85

0.00

81.81

44.07
A-6 

California 2000 Rural Minor Collector Driving (FC=08) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12 0.003 0.003

-11

-10 0.003 0.003

-9 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.023

-8 0.003 0.008 0.013 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.003 0.043

-7 0.003 0.010 0.023 0.033 0.013 0.018 0.015 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.130

-6 0.003 0.026 0.099 0.115 0.084 0.102 0.077 0.033 0.031 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.584

-5 0.010 0.128 0.283 0.276 0.291 0.296 0.217 0.102 0.074 0.028 0.020 0.005 0.003 1.732

-4 0.059 0.344 0.472 0.490 0.546 0.513 0.452 0.355 0.163 0.077 0.036 0.005 0.008 0.003 0.003 3.523

-3 0.260 0.454 0.365 0.513 0.546 0.459 0.531 0.485 0.406 0.242 0.122 0.028 0.003 0.008 0.003 4.424

-2 0.003 0.485 0.360 0.258 0.301 0.367 0.426 0.436 0.648 0.661 0.482 0.327 0.143 0.026 0.010 0.031 0.015 4.977

-1 0.005 0.824 0.168 0.232 0.270 0.441 0.661 0.770 1.199 1.595 1.990 1.561 0.645 0.245 0.110 0.036 0.048 10.802

0 2.265 0.906 0.181 0.237 0.342 1.074 1.916 2.271 3.100 4.832 6.677 10.526 6.314 2.021 0.497 0.242 0.133 0.003 43.536

1 0.107 0.645 0.181 0.286 0.408 0.730 0.947 1.309 1.949 2.602 2.531 1.717 0.625 0.189 0.128 0.066 0.041 14.460

2 0.059 0.653 0.278 0.370 0.556 0.740 0.941 1.143 1.105 0.755 0.337 0.094 0.048 0.026 0.010 0.003 0.005 7.123

3 0.041 0.681 0.569 0.671 0.765 0.783 0.735 0.549 0.227 0.099 0.043 0.028 0.018 0.018 0.005 0.010 5.243

4 0.013 0.253 0.475 0.472 0.526 0.431 0.237 0.079 0.033 0.020 0.005 0.010 0.003 0.003 2.559

5 0.003 0.077 0.191 0.151 0.079 0.054 0.038 0.023 0.015 0.005 0.003 0.638

6 0.003 0.010 0.046 0.043 0.018 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.148

7 0.003 0.008 0.005 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.028

8 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.015

9 0.003 0.003

10

11

12 0.003 0.003

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.498 4.870 3.426 3.965 4.697 6.154 7.299 7.893 9.274 11.253 12.432 14.448 7.837 2.541 0.773 0.395 0.242 0.003 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 4.757

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.847

Bin 1 % (idle) 3.124

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.642 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.475

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.747 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.204

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.954 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.604

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.756 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.153

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.779 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.282

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.680 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 6.583 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 7.995

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 3.692 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.641

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.991 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.454

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.349 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.362

6.22

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 7.283

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 14.405

47.80

25.72

12.72

7.53

11.61

0.0725

0.1390

1.5754

-12.17

2.498

64.288

16.690

16.524

1.729

2.667

0.290

39,197

245

45.29

1.18

11.52

-1.44

38.90

0.00

82.79

39.90
A-7 

California 2000 Rural Local Driving (FC=09) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12 0.008 0.008

-11

-10 0.008 0.008

-9 0.008 0.008

-8 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.031

-7 0.016 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.031 0.016 0.008 0.008 0.148

-6 0.023 0.047 0.086 0.070 0.055 0.031 0.023 0.008 0.343

-5 0.023 0.101 0.218 0.296 0.164 0.101 0.070 0.047 0.016 0.008 1.045

-4 0.078 0.624 0.881 0.515 0.320 0.234 0.242 0.164 0.109 0.039 0.016 3.222

-3 0.608 1.108 0.835 0.897 0.515 0.320 0.304 0.335 0.242 0.117 0.070 0.023 0.008 5.382

-2 0.008 1.092 0.593 0.671 1.076 0.655 0.273 0.265 0.312 0.445 0.289 0.086 0.039 0.031 0.008 5.842

-1 1.420 0.413 0.608 0.866 1.100 0.780 0.507 0.733 1.045 1.170 0.655 0.296 0.062 0.094 0.023 9.774

0 2.972 1.841 0.523 0.827 2.691 3.853 1.919 1.225 1.498 2.878 6.513 7.246 3.471 0.647 0.164 0.133 38.401

1 0.172 1.451 1.256 1.404 1.973 1.630 0.983 0.819 1.591 2.410 1.934 1.232 0.546 0.164 0.094 0.016 17.676

2 0.281 1.958 1.349 1.716 1.076 0.523 0.569 0.764 0.741 0.312 0.164 0.086 0.039 0.016 0.016 9.610

3 0.226 1.264 1.076 0.967 0.616 0.429 0.390 0.218 0.187 0.109 0.055 0.031 5.569

4 0.031 0.335 0.452 0.328 0.382 0.281 0.226 0.125 0.070 0.055 2.285

5 0.008 0.047 0.125 0.101 0.117 0.055 0.008 0.023 0.008 0.491

6 0.016 0.008 0.016 0.047 0.016 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.125

7 0.008 0.016 0.008 0.031

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 3.713 10.133 7.699 8.674 10.640 9.641 5.897 4.626 5.725 7.637 10.289 9.431 4.415 0.928 0.382 0.172 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 3.803

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.881

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.072

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.130 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.744

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 9.546 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.080

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.106 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.191

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.539 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.246

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.028 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.462

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.115 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.912 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.880

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.274 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.244

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.808 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.261

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.452 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.222

4.20

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 4.531

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 9.277

45.80

30.15

13.75

6.10

4.16

0.0639

0.1179

1.0580

-12.02

3.713

61.412

18.370

16.506

0.544

1.085

0.718

12,820

197

36.63

1.24

7.18

-1.49

30.10

0.00

74.46

31.26
A-8 

California 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS A Driving (FC=11) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.002 0.002

-10 0.002 0.002

-9 0.002 0.002 0.004

-8 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.008

-7 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.010

-6 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.032

-5 0.008 0.014 0.012 0.008 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.004 0.008 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.091

-4 0.010 0.022 0.028 0.024 0.024 0.018 0.022 0.044 0.032 0.030 0.018 0.014 0.014 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.313

-3 0.024 0.044 0.046 0.056 0.063 0.050 0.044 0.050 0.050 0.077 0.075 0.067 0.042 0.022 0.022 0.004 0.734

-2 0.060 0.028 0.046 0.052 0.089 0.089 0.107 0.091 0.133 0.194 0.234 0.216 0.184 0.123 0.048 0.016 0.002 1.712

-1 0.192 0.117 0.117 0.099 0.103 0.190 0.163 0.202 0.367 0.706 1.287 2.172 2.392 2.198 1.144 0.335 0.050 0.010 11.845

0 0.395 0.301 0.165 0.155 0.135 0.155 0.391 0.230 0.206 0.690 1.771 5.218 10.692 16.067 18.291 10.395 2.309 0.405 0.044 68.014

1 0.018 0.202 0.103 0.125 0.117 0.159 0.258 0.240 0.294 0.569 1.275 1.880 2.612 2.896 2.158 1.170 0.256 0.030 14.362

2 0.006 0.083 0.060 0.085 0.069 0.121 0.137 0.121 0.117 0.202 0.254 0.272 0.226 0.161 0.077 0.054 0.010 2.055

3 0.060 0.024 0.036 0.060 0.065 0.058 0.077 0.069 0.042 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.002 0.002 0.597

4 0.020 0.018 0.024 0.014 0.010 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.002 0.137

5 0.002 0.010 0.014 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.054

6 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.012

7 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.010

8 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.006

9 0.002 0.002

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.420 0.966 0.605 0.682 0.645 0.805 1.212 1.017 1.085 2.100 4.340 9.028 16.042 21.799 22.902 12.864 2.941 0.492 0.054 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.608

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.848

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.565

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.803 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.508

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.939 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.663

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.372 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.685

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.246 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.797

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.144 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.715

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.138 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.237 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 28.433

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.647 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 18.020

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.298 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 6.015

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.138 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.796

3.21

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 12.796

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 21.197

48.06

28.31

14.69

5.73

8.17

0.0590

0.1135

2.0029

-10.73

0.421

76.386

11.986

11.208

2.389

2.309

0.027

50,419

364

62.83

0.50

8.62

-0.52

62.08

0.00

90.33

62.34
A-9 

California 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS B Driving (FC=11) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6 0.011 0.006 0.006 0.023

-5 0.017 0.006 0.023

-4 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.011 0.023 0.011 0.023 0.006 0.017 0.011 0.120

-3 0.006 0.011 0.006 0.006 0.011 0.006 0.017 0.034 0.034 0.063 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.017 0.029 0.006 0.365

-2 0.029 0.011 0.029 0.051 0.051 0.046 0.046 0.034 0.091 0.097 0.108 0.188 0.245 0.171 0.034 0.023 1.255

-1 0.063 0.011 0.017 0.029 0.017 0.074 0.063 0.114 0.217 0.525 1.283 1.979 2.777 3.000 1.546 0.405 0.051 12.171

0 0.262 0.063 0.006 0.040 0.057 0.057 0.029 0.114 0.599 1.819 6.023 11.093 19.676 20.646 10.363 1.871 0.154 72.870

1 0.006 0.040 0.029 0.029 0.006 0.017 0.029 0.103 0.257 0.616 1.392 2.201 3.097 2.886 1.009 0.314 0.040 12.068

2 0.017 0.011 0.011 0.029 0.029 0.023 0.046 0.080 0.103 0.137 0.165 0.097 0.080 0.046 0.873

3 0.011 0.006 0.011 0.006 0.011 0.017 0.017 0.023 0.017 0.023 0.006 0.006 0.154

4 0.006 0.017 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.046

5 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.029

6 0.006 0.006

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.268 0.234 0.046 0.143 0.194 0.120 0.240 0.234 0.490 1.335 3.245 9.051 15.707 25.967 26.822 13.043 2.618 0.245 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.316

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 0.959

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.327

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.258 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.867

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.121 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.322

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.075 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.310

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.034 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.339

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.034 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.373

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.500 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 28.895

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.276 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 16.644

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.155 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 5.655

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.052 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.625

2.18

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 17.097

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 25.083

51.05

30.59

11.69

4.49

7.12

0.0471

0.0963

1.5836

-6.34

0.268

77.535

10.654

11.543

2.721

2.519

0.010

17,534

116

64.91

0.40

5.78

-0.44

64.81

0.00

86.47

64.99
A-10 

California 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS C Driving (FC=11) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.004 0.004

-8 0.004 0.004

-7 0.007 0.007

-6 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.022

-5 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.011 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.004 0.011 0.011 0.015 0.011 0.004 0.122

-4 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.019 0.030 0.022 0.026 0.030 0.015 0.015 0.033 0.033 0.007 0.004 0.004 0.259

-3 0.004 0.019 0.015 0.004 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.030 0.052 0.048 0.063 0.081 0.059 0.056 0.026 0.007 0.518

-2 0.022 0.004 0.007 0.011 0.011 0.048 0.056 0.078 0.096 0.137 0.326 0.307 0.230 0.118 0.037 0.015 0.004 1.507

-1 0.004 0.067 0.011 0.022 0.019 0.063 0.070 0.100 0.141 0.285 0.881 1.766 2.355 2.625 2.651 1.052 0.126 0.037 12.274

0 0.074 0.081 0.004 0.052 0.067 0.126 0.067 0.107 0.348 0.485 2.407 6.946 11.152 15.755 23.767 8.412 0.915 0.037 0.004 70.805

1 0.007 0.044 0.022 0.011 0.007 0.030 0.052 0.048 0.107 0.211 0.977 2.473 2.881 2.747 2.540 0.789 0.093 0.015 0.004 13.059

2 0.015 0.004 0.007 0.026 0.007 0.015 0.030 0.089 0.096 0.133 0.185 0.200 0.122 0.007 0.022 0.011 0.004 0.974

3 0.007 0.007 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.011 0.022 0.011 0.026 0.041 0.041 0.044 0.041 0.011 0.007 0.289

4 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.011 0.007 0.007 0.004 0.015 0.007 0.067

5 0.007 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.004 0.011 0.041

6 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.011 0.030

7 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.015

8 0.004 0.004

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.085 0.255 0.089 0.130 0.130 0.300 0.304 0.396 0.785 1.270 4.625 11.804 17.051 21.723 29.347 10.382 1.203 0.111 0.011 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.580

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.430

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.134

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.213 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.945

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.276 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.556

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.049 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.549

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.026 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.497

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.019 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.444

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.015 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.616 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 32.920

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.172 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 17.186

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.097 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.665

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.056 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 2.017

2.81

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 14.602

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 22.516

49.03

30.11

13.23

4.83

6.41

0.0549

0.1076

2.3457

-8.65

0.085

78.140

10.486

11.289

2.071

1.949

0.011

27,008

231

63.77

0.42

7.51

-0.48

63.76

0.00

91.73

63.81
A-11 

California 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS D Driving (FC=11) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.005 0.005

-10

-9 0.005 0.005

-8 0.005 0.005 0.010

-7 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.025

-6 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.030

-5 0.005 0.020 0.015 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.098

-4 0.005 0.030 0.025 0.025 0.039 0.020 0.034 0.025 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.020 0.241

-3 0.044 0.054 0.049 0.054 0.039 0.044 0.054 0.059 0.084 0.030 0.044 0.054 0.015 0.039 0.010 0.005 0.679

-2 0.098 0.094 0.118 0.143 0.079 0.123 0.133 0.177 0.212 0.182 0.162 0.172 0.187 0.118 0.030 0.005 2.033

-1 0.231 0.084 0.202 0.286 0.310 0.369 0.374 0.487 0.724 1.068 1.162 1.551 3.087 1.364 0.369 0.044 11.713

0 0.862 0.276 0.158 0.359 0.522 0.542 0.596 0.369 1.039 2.782 4.003 5.372 9.700 22.590 14.077 3.245 0.153 66.642

1 0.015 0.177 0.158 0.222 0.241 0.369 0.443 0.551 0.753 1.157 1.645 1.940 2.334 3.806 1.379 0.305 0.020 15.515

2 0.010 0.094 0.079 0.217 0.148 0.084 0.128 0.148 0.143 0.202 0.310 0.231 0.231 0.192 0.074 0.020 2.309

3 0.005 0.059 0.054 0.039 0.010 0.015 0.010 0.025 0.034 0.039 0.034 0.034 0.015 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.433

4 0.020 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.103

5 0.020 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.079

6 0.015 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.064

7 0.005 0.005

8 0.005 0.005 0.010

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.891 1.044 0.734 1.270 1.457 1.487 1.763 1.733 2.762 5.209 7.307 8.986 14.101 29.956 17.075 3.998 0.226 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 11.081

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.744

Bin 1 % (idle) 1.139

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.554 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.027

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.459 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.868

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.759 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.253

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.475 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.268

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.160 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.923

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.060 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.518 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 26.722

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.645 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 13.698

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.250 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 3.687

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.140 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.184

2.78

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 11.260

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 21.207

47.10

29.90

14.71

5.51

4.02

0.0579

0.1095

2.0615

-10.94

0.891

78.735

10.832

9.542

1.101

1.155

0.056

20,310

293

57.79

0.51

7.83

-0.53

57.18

0.00

80.82

57.70
A-12 

California 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS E Driving (FC=11) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17 0.005 0.005

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.005 0.005

-10

-9 0.005 0.005

-8

-7 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.021

-6 0.005 0.010 0.021 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.072

-5 0.010 0.005 0.026 0.015 0.015 0.010 0.015 0.021 0.010 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.154

-4 0.026 0.031 0.062 0.051 0.062 0.036 0.021 0.015 0.026 0.026 0.046 0.026 0.026 0.010 0.463

-3 0.087 0.087 0.113 0.113 0.093 0.067 0.077 0.067 0.062 0.077 0.077 0.087 0.093 0.041 0.005 1.147

-2 0.154 0.247 0.386 0.401 0.273 0.314 0.201 0.129 0.093 0.216 0.406 0.314 0.159 0.062 0.015 3.368

-1 0.005 0.401 0.648 1.085 1.028 1.044 0.638 0.761 0.540 0.463 0.802 2.103 2.751 1.738 0.293 0.046 14.347

0 0.175 0.879 1.219 1.959 2.062 1.897 1.543 1.687 1.136 1.471 2.648 9.564 16.440 10.819 0.931 0.324 0.026 54.780

1 0.026 0.586 0.812 1.095 0.998 1.111 1.070 1.275 1.003 1.142 2.000 3.574 3.949 1.815 0.144 0.041 20.641

2 0.190 0.314 0.442 0.375 0.324 0.293 0.309 0.375 0.262 0.309 0.432 0.278 0.098 0.026 4.026

3 0.067 0.067 0.113 0.087 0.036 0.031 0.051 0.041 0.067 0.036 0.021 0.010 0.031 0.658

4 0.021 0.026 0.005 0.021 0.026 0.026 0.010 0.005 0.026 0.036 0.010 0.211

5 0.015 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.046

6 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.015

7 0.005 0.005 0.010

8 0.005 0.005

9 0.005 0.005

10 0.010 0.010

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18 0.005 0.005

19

20

Totals 0.206 2.437 3.471 5.286 5.188 4.900 4.042 4.417 3.337 3.646 6.186 16.254 23.875 14.789 1.507 0.432 0.026 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 8.293

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 3.026

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.386

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.738 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.079

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.121 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.645

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.020 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.088

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.335 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.791

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.454 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.358

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.203 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.671 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 19.160

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.913 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 8.618

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.224 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.347

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.167 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.892

3.02

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 10.480

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 18.284

45.27

29.59

15.90

6.22

4.42

0.0630

0.1152

3.1331

-17.33

0.206

78.783

10.943

10.068

0.909

1.170

0.064

19,447

277

46.29

0.65

17.70

-0.71

46.61

0.00

78.10

46.70
A-13 

California 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS F Driving (FC=11) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.002 0.002

-12

-11

-10 0.002 0.002

-9 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.022

-8 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.037

-7 0.002 0.007 0.011 0.009 0.007 0.009 0.007 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.063

-6 0.009 0.011 0.022 0.015 0.033 0.015 0.007 0.013 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.136

-5 0.007 0.046 0.048 0.046 0.039 0.044 0.028 0.017 0.013 0.017 0.004 0.002 0.313

-4 0.063 0.074 0.103 0.092 0.103 0.061 0.050 0.046 0.031 0.022 0.013 0.004 0.663

-3 0.186 0.286 0.247 0.212 0.232 0.164 0.142 0.125 0.090 0.048 0.046 0.026 0.009 1.813

-2 0.007 0.787 0.894 0.862 0.783 0.612 0.553 0.381 0.289 0.227 0.133 0.079 0.037 0.024 5.668

-1 0.011 3.153 2.644 2.266 2.036 2.018 1.513 1.211 0.800 0.573 0.553 0.286 0.140 0.083 0.028 17.317

0 2.467 7.437 5.581 4.645 3.969 4.085 3.464 2.528 2.106 1.975 1.784 1.032 0.450 0.227 0.024 41.774

1 0.092 3.851 2.965 2.583 2.644 2.690 2.311 1.962 1.612 1.292 1.058 0.485 0.188 0.052 0.007 23.792

2 0.007 1.061 0.969 1.091 0.905 0.770 0.595 0.400 0.230 0.129 0.092 0.046 0.013 6.307

3 0.321 0.300 0.245 0.203 0.122 0.101 0.066 0.037 0.024 0.011 0.002 1.432

4 0.070 0.083 0.074 0.052 0.035 0.015 0.033 0.017 0.007 0.002 0.389

5 0.020 0.026 0.022 0.017 0.011 0.011 0.015 0.007 0.011 0.004 0.144

6 0.002 0.024 0.022 0.011 0.011 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.081

7 0.007 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.017

8 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.013

9 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.007

10

11 0.002 0.002

12

13 0.004 0.004

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.585 16.996 13.912 12.246 11.006 10.783 8.872 6.838 5.314 4.382 3.735 2.005 0.868 0.398 0.059 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.167

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 5.116

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.458

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 17.354 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.031

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 24.712 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.958

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 8.049 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.524

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.175 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.949

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.042 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.659

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.533 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.565 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.229

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.663 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.570

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.182 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.108

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.138 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.042

1.07

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.382

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.560

46.54

38.61

10.68

3.09

12.45

0.0403

0.0754

1.7808

-13.28

2.585

79.816

8.636

8.964

1.866

5.150

0.829

45,729

148

22.40

0.86

13.48

-0.95

21.74

0.00

70.60

22.32
A-14 

California 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS A Driving (FC=12) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.001 0.001

-13 0.001 0.001

-12

-11 0.001 0.001

-10 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.007

-9 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.007

-8 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.017

-7 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.003 0.006 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.030

-6 0.008 0.011 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.100

-5 0.005 0.022 0.040 0.053 0.063 0.047 0.039 0.038 0.021 0.008 0.008 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.350

-4 0.017 0.079 0.102 0.096 0.094 0.081 0.093 0.050 0.049 0.031 0.011 0.015 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.733

-3 0.001 0.077 0.134 0.094 0.121 0.128 0.180 0.128 0.140 0.093 0.079 0.070 0.047 0.029 0.022 0.013 0.003 1.358

-2 0.246 0.109 0.102 0.124 0.150 0.172 0.244 0.279 0.251 0.211 0.174 0.174 0.136 0.073 0.032 0.009 2.486

-1 0.650 0.150 0.085 0.129 0.184 0.276 0.439 0.558 0.852 0.841 0.979 1.277 1.624 1.580 0.752 0.174 0.031 10.581

0 5.566 1.540 0.157 0.090 0.145 0.295 0.451 0.800 1.423 2.542 2.615 3.166 7.400 14.400 16.971 7.711 1.531 0.160 0.010 66.976

1 0.060 0.547 0.106 0.124 0.199 0.322 0.401 0.696 0.981 1.201 1.151 1.205 1.561 1.723 1.470 0.672 0.135 0.032 12.587

2 0.008 0.220 0.061 0.081 0.173 0.222 0.324 0.317 0.278 0.226 0.199 0.195 0.176 0.117 0.057 0.031 0.002 0.001 2.689

3 0.002 0.187 0.074 0.116 0.159 0.192 0.135 0.120 0.077 0.058 0.044 0.023 0.013 0.014 0.010 0.006 0.003 1.233

4 0.002 0.120 0.092 0.098 0.084 0.047 0.038 0.022 0.023 0.014 0.014 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.573

5 0.032 0.063 0.037 0.017 0.009 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.001 0.187

6 0.009 0.017 0.014 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.055

7 0.005 0.007 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.018

8 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.007

9 0.001 0.001 0.002

10

11 0.001 0.001

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 5.640 3.657 1.086 1.004 1.329 1.734 2.138 2.929 3.867 5.314 5.205 5.845 10.677 18.059 20.197 9.222 1.861 0.226 0.010 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 10.137

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 3.650

Bin 1 % (idle) 6.696

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.576 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.038

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.886 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.898

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.617 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.394

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.459 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.441

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.376 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.261

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.577 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.527 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 25.253

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.949 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 12.479

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.306 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 3.525

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.194 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.471

3.19

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 8.924

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 16.504

50.85

29.66

11.46

4.83

8.85

0.0523

0.1064

2.2034

-13.97

5.640

73.486

10.346

10.528

2.508

2.821

0.145

87,328

516

58.22

0.60

11.05

-0.65

53.35

0.00

88.19

56.54
A-15 

California 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS B Driving (FC=12) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.003 0.003

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8 0.003 0.003

-7 0.003 0.003

-6 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.008 0.003 0.005 0.041

-5 0.003 0.003 0.011 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.011 0.014 0.008 0.008 0.005 0.082

-4 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.014 0.022 0.022 0.019 0.030 0.030 0.011 0.014 0.005 0.188

-3 0.005 0.008 0.008 0.014 0.005 0.014 0.019 0.014 0.035 0.071 0.057 0.041 0.019 0.005 0.008 0.324

-2 0.003 0.011 0.014 0.014 0.008 0.016 0.046 0.090 0.109 0.169 0.239 0.269 0.150 0.030 0.005 1.173

-1 0.024 0.041 0.041 0.044 0.022 0.024 0.016 0.101 0.147 0.397 1.116 1.986 3.205 2.634 1.167 0.220 0.003 11.188

0 0.033 0.041 0.057 0.101 0.144 0.035 0.046 0.033 0.139 0.269 0.890 3.967 10.072 24.650 22.308 10.402 1.744 0.044 74.974

1 0.038 0.038 0.060 0.046 0.016 0.024 0.052 0.101 0.169 0.433 1.083 2.079 3.243 2.457 0.977 0.147 0.003 10.965

2 0.008 0.011 0.014 0.019 0.011 0.003 0.033 0.063 0.073 0.076 0.133 0.185 0.139 0.068 0.016 0.003 0.854

3 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.019 0.024 0.022 0.033 0.019 0.005 0.005 0.152

4 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.019

5 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.022

6 0.003 0.003 0.005

7 0.003 0.003

8

9

10 0.003 0.003

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.033 0.122 0.169 0.248 0.297 0.120 0.133 0.188 0.517 0.816 2.005 6.612 14.692 31.591 27.662 12.614 2.128 0.054 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.809

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.010

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.044

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.323 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.583

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.347 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.194

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.088 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.189

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.044 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.254

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.016 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.244

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.016 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.326 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 35.723

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.156 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 16.871

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.088 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.839

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.030 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.256

1.93

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 12.951

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 24.411

50.70

32.38

11.17

3.81

8.28

0.0450

0.0914

2.6274

-13.14

0.033

78.974

9.964

11.030

3.339

3.063

0.002

36,754

200

65.57

0.38

9.70

-0.43

65.42

0.00

85.06

65.44
A-16 

California 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS C Driving (FC=12) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.003 0.003

-10 0.003 0.003

-9 0.003 0.003 0.006

-8 0.009 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.009 0.015 0.003 0.046

-7 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.003 0.003 0.027

-6 0.006 0.003 0.006 0.009 0.006 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.015 0.012 0.006 0.009 0.003 0.101

-5 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.009 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.031 0.018 0.009 0.015 0.012 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.174

-4 0.003 0.006 0.015 0.024 0.027 0.021 0.034 0.027 0.037 0.058 0.027 0.040 0.031 0.018 0.015 0.384

-3 0.006 0.018 0.012 0.015 0.012 0.043 0.037 0.067 0.064 0.070 0.107 0.064 0.052 0.064 0.037 0.012 0.003 0.003 0.686

-2 0.024 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.043 0.024 0.058 0.076 0.131 0.180 0.268 0.296 0.253 0.168 0.070 0.024 0.006 0.003 1.681

-1 0.052 0.052 0.040 0.082 0.073 0.110 0.113 0.226 0.308 0.668 1.461 2.554 3.109 2.377 0.802 0.131 0.034 0.003 12.195

0 0.085 0.043 0.031 0.049 0.052 0.049 0.159 0.171 0.378 0.671 2.359 5.620 13.208 20.946 19.896 5.422 0.818 0.119 0.003 70.078

1 0.003 0.021 0.021 0.027 0.064 0.085 0.082 0.088 0.204 0.452 0.921 1.657 2.834 3.082 2.468 0.729 0.131 0.049 12.921

2 0.003 0.018 0.012 0.037 0.037 0.052 0.043 0.064 0.052 0.110 0.217 0.207 0.235 0.131 0.034 0.018 0.006 1.275

3 0.012 0.012 0.015 0.009 0.012 0.003 0.021 0.012 0.003 0.027 0.027 0.037 0.052 0.021 0.009 0.006 0.281

4 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.009 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.015 0.003 0.076

5 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.027

6 0.003 0.003 0.006

7 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.012

8 0.003 0.003 0.006

9 0.003 0.003

10

11 0.003 0.003

12 0.003 0.003

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.088 0.171 0.186 0.204 0.317 0.348 0.519 0.586 1.092 1.757 4.449 9.434 19.280 27.811 25.193 7.164 1.150 0.235 0.006 0.006 0.003 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 11.899

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 2.095

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.108

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.381 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.147

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.182 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.658

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.132 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.711

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.077 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.707

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.055 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.603

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.022 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.987 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 31.687

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.317 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 14.527

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.083 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.195

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.043 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.861

2.69

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 13.724

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 25.698

50.23

29.95

12.68

4.44

6.58

0.0528

0.1061

4.3077

-11.00

0.089

76.802

10.987

12.122

2.180

2.077

0.009

32,775

263

63.02

0.43

12.12

-0.53

62.98

0.00

97.70

63.04
A-17 

California 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS D Driving (FC=12) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.003 0.003

-13 0.003 0.003

-12 0.003 0.003 0.007

-11 0.003 0.003

-10 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.010

-9 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.007 0.017

-8 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.017

-7 0.003 0.007 0.010 0.007 0.017 0.003 0.007 0.007 0.010 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.087

-6 0.013 0.007 0.003 0.007 0.010 0.013 0.024 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.114

-5 0.003 0.007 0.020 0.010 0.017 0.020 0.034 0.047 0.027 0.017 0.020 0.013 0.003 0.239

-4 0.010 0.024 0.024 0.040 0.044 0.050 0.044 0.057 0.091 0.037 0.037 0.024 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.491

-3 0.007 0.044 0.040 0.054 0.081 0.108 0.108 0.091 0.094 0.128 0.145 0.118 0.081 0.044 0.007 0.007 1.153

-2 0.141 0.175 0.202 0.155 0.188 0.222 0.319 0.346 0.343 0.356 0.303 0.218 0.138 0.047 3.153

-1 0.363 0.259 0.360 0.333 0.333 0.635 0.803 0.800 1.035 1.546 2.023 2.255 2.020 0.827 0.067 0.013 13.673

0 1.445 0.676 0.460 0.860 0.528 0.629 1.133 1.721 2.148 3.119 4.561 8.104 12.285 12.107 7.919 0.403 0.017 58.116

1 0.020 0.410 0.410 0.356 0.343 0.524 0.790 1.166 1.328 1.593 2.568 2.894 2.968 2.561 0.844 0.067 0.003 18.846

2 0.007 0.101 0.097 0.141 0.158 0.245 0.255 0.299 0.306 0.306 0.296 0.316 0.266 0.134 0.047 0.013 2.988

3 0.003 0.074 0.013 0.030 0.040 0.057 0.057 0.067 0.057 0.064 0.074 0.050 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.003 0.652

4 0.044 0.024 0.020 0.020 0.013 0.010 0.027 0.020 0.024 0.013 0.017 0.010 0.010 0.252

5 0.013 0.030 0.027 0.010 0.007 0.003 0.013 0.010 0.007 0.007 0.003 0.131

6 0.003 0.003 0.007 0.007 0.020

7 0.003 0.003

8 0.003 0.003 0.007

9 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.010

10

11 0.003 0.003

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 1.482 1.882 1.570 2.114 1.731 2.195 3.301 4.608 5.260 6.756 9.650 13.919 18.157 17.065 9.711 0.565 0.034 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 8.548

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 3.310

Bin 1 % (idle) 1.799

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.442 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.021

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.629 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.065

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.031 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.558

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.609 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.670

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.262 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.364

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.218 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.575 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 20.436

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.214 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 8.357

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.327 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.269

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.248 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.973

3.38

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 12.667

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 18.956

47.89

29.08

14.15

5.49

5.02

0.0594

0.1139

2.0611

-13.60

1.482

77.544

10.501

10.474

1.195

1.409

0.062

29,751

352

51.57

0.61

10.82

-0.70

50.90

0.00

79.27

51.67
A-18 

California 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS E Driving (FC=12) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.005 0.005

-10 0.005 0.005

-9 0.005 0.005

-8 0.010 0.015 0.005 0.030

-7 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.050

-6 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.025 0.015 0.015 0.025 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.166

-5 0.010 0.010 0.040 0.045 0.040 0.045 0.020 0.005 0.020 0.015 0.020 0.005 0.005 0.283

-4 0.015 0.071 0.081 0.081 0.096 0.050 0.020 0.050 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.020 0.015 0.621

-3 0.076 0.141 0.161 0.242 0.177 0.166 0.166 0.111 0.061 0.131 0.096 0.045 0.035 0.020 1.630

-2 0.177 0.298 0.399 0.363 0.525 0.494 0.388 0.257 0.212 0.277 0.323 0.247 0.116 0.040 0.005 4.122

-1 0.631 0.636 0.787 1.281 1.645 1.609 1.201 0.933 0.711 0.893 1.927 2.200 1.226 0.378 0.045 0.015 16.119

0 0.187 0.994 0.843 1.297 2.396 2.835 3.163 3.113 2.704 2.588 3.799 6.110 8.718 6.644 2.714 0.277 0.010 48.393

1 0.005 0.626 0.595 0.928 1.544 1.821 2.124 2.190 2.063 1.902 2.074 2.487 2.704 1.307 0.267 0.030 0.005 22.673

2 0.005 0.283 0.353 0.399 0.600 0.535 0.469 0.434 0.348 0.298 0.368 0.358 0.222 0.076 0.015 4.763

3 0.071 0.141 0.131 0.076 0.091 0.055 0.061 0.050 0.025 0.040 0.076 0.050 0.020 0.005 0.893

4 0.005 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.146

5 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.040

6 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.035

7 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.020

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.197 2.896 3.148 4.288 6.705 7.810 8.219 7.628 6.569 5.908 7.659 11.453 14.232 9.455 3.446 0.358 0.030 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 6.619

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.337

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.378

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.820 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.740

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.520 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.083

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.513 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.579

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.887 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.134

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.798 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.787

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.286 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.863 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 12.800

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.972 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 5.288

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.297 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.504

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.113 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.680

2.65

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 9.496

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 13.127

45.77

29.69

16.35

5.54

4.49

0.0603

0.1112

1.7138

-10.93

0.197

78.815

10.206

10.782

0.876

1.242

0.077

19,821

266

42.14

0.71

7.27

-0.84

42.33

0.00

79.39

42.41
A-19 

California 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS F Driving (FC=12) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10 0.003 0.003

-9 0.003 0.003

-8 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.035

-7 0.005 0.008 0.008 0.011 0.008 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.052

-6 0.011 0.022 0.019 0.025 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.005 0.106

-5 0.027 0.046 0.052 0.054 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.005 0.003 0.264

-4 0.041 0.131 0.139 0.098 0.117 0.079 0.033 0.022 0.027 0.022 0.022 0.016 0.746

-3 0.218 0.343 0.305 0.300 0.245 0.163 0.133 0.074 0.044 0.057 0.022 0.025 0.005 1.933

-2 0.812 0.831 0.880 0.713 0.517 0.422 0.340 0.261 0.144 0.068 0.046 0.016 0.030 0.005 5.087

-1 0.003 3.290 2.353 2.511 2.271 1.661 1.465 0.812 0.626 0.449 0.327 0.231 0.144 0.084 0.027 16.255

0 3.567 9.354 5.520 5.504 4.371 3.690 3.287 2.157 1.310 1.348 1.348 0.678 0.389 0.291 0.052 42.865

1 0.125 3.989 2.903 3.208 2.990 2.489 2.421 1.582 1.261 1.018 0.629 0.411 0.261 0.079 0.011 23.378

2 0.005 1.400 1.114 1.122 0.929 0.866 0.618 0.406 0.240 0.163 0.090 0.057 0.016 0.005 7.031

3 0.005 0.368 0.373 0.332 0.245 0.136 0.082 0.038 0.033 0.027 0.014 0.016 0.005 1.675

4 0.003 0.090 0.079 0.071 0.038 0.030 0.027 0.016 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.376

5 0.033 0.027 0.030 0.019 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.128

6 0.014 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.027

7 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.019

8 0.008 0.003 0.011

9 0.003 0.003

10 0.003 0.003

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 3.709 19.656 13.760 14.196 12.069 9.790 8.608 5.558 3.856 3.257 2.576 1.498 0.877 0.496 0.095 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.086

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.979

Bin 1 % (idle) 6.163

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 17.765 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.570

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 28.016 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.134

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 8.528 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.501

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.030 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.285

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.176 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.358

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.541 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.257 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.987

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.667 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.585

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.167 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.115

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.093 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.104

1.04

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.960

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.020

46.04

39.62

10.21

3.10

9.54

0.0390

0.0722

1.2585

-10.47

3.709

78.196

9.610

8.485

1.338

4.080

1.126

36,722

150

20.33

0.87

10.14

-0.93

19.67

0.00

72.42

20.43
A-20 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS A Driving (FC=14) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17 0.000 0.000

-16

-15 0.000 0.000

-14

-13

-12 0.001 0.000 0.001

-11 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005

-10 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.005

-9 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.009

-8 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.039

-7 0.002 0.007 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.014 0.012 0.006 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.100

-6 0.007 0.020 0.054 0.072 0.059 0.035 0.024 0.013 0.004 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.292

-5 0.011 0.112 0.212 0.206 0.196 0.123 0.076 0.035 0.020 0.007 0.002 0.000 0.001 1.001

-4 0.099 0.384 0.440 0.444 0.388 0.292 0.187 0.107 0.058 0.014 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.001 2.423

-3 0.000 0.445 0.553 0.512 0.580 0.573 0.550 0.391 0.243 0.119 0.060 0.016 0.004 0.000 0.001 0.000 4.049

-2 0.001 0.994 0.431 0.430 0.518 0.649 0.704 0.700 0.532 0.309 0.156 0.063 0.020 0.006 0.004 5.517

-1 0.003 1.575 0.261 0.383 0.503 0.758 1.098 1.498 1.609 1.412 0.816 0.438 0.231 0.090 0.052 0.010 0.001 10.737

0 17.545 2.121 0.311 0.490 0.751 1.275 2.630 4.053 5.070 4.765 3.003 2.068 2.343 0.883 0.427 0.112 0.004 47.852

1 0.274 1.166 0.275 0.559 0.823 1.225 1.799 2.321 2.197 1.650 0.912 0.446 0.208 0.106 0.057 0.007 0.000 14.024

2 0.064 0.946 0.359 0.683 0.876 1.025 1.004 0.742 0.482 0.237 0.097 0.041 0.015 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.000 6.585

3 0.013 0.948 0.519 0.659 0.752 0.619 0.383 0.215 0.102 0.035 0.010 0.007 0.004 0.003 0.001 4.270

4 0.007 0.612 0.501 0.377 0.294 0.198 0.101 0.035 0.013 0.007 0.004 0.002 0.000 2.151

5 0.004 0.154 0.219 0.133 0.087 0.043 0.020 0.014 0.008 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.687

6 0.000 0.030 0.053 0.040 0.014 0.010 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.154

7 0.000 0.015 0.021 0.009 0.006 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.056

8 0.001 0.009 0.007 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026

9 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.008

10 0.002 0.001 0.003

11 0.000 0.001 0.001

12 0.000 0.000 0.001

13 0.000 0.000

14

15

16

17 0.000 0.000

18

19

20

Totals 17.914 9.140 4.046 5.010 5.962 7.053 8.765 10.275 10.419 8.627 5.082 3.090 2.829 1.101 0.548 0.132 0.006 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.654

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 10.489

Bin 1 % (idle) 20.576

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.639 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.677

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.365 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.169

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.921 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.139

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.511 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.287

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.917 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.754

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.279 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.108 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.454

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.725 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.615

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.451 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.169

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.167 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.087

3.19

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 2.579

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 3.924

55.30

24.38

11.33

5.80

6.98

0.0516

0.1153

1.9498

-16.62

17.914

54.030

14.231

13.826

0.969

2.256

1.216

204,543

1,511

36.02

1.23

17.32

-1.34

25.78

0.00

81.47

31.41
A-21 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS B Driving (FC=14) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.037

-9 0.012 0.012 0.024

-8 0.024 0.012 0.012 0.049

-7 0.061 0.012 0.037 0.024 0.012 0.012 0.159

-6 0.049 0.024 0.073 0.085 0.073 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.342

-5 0.049 0.110 0.134 0.073 0.207 0.171 0.122 0.024 0.012 0.012 0.915

-4 0.024 0.146 0.232 0.488 0.342 0.427 0.256 0.171 0.098 0.037 0.012 2.233

-3 0.220 0.281 0.268 0.378 0.696 0.635 0.769 0.415 0.183 0.122 0.012 0.012 3.991

-2 0.366 0.122 0.330 0.342 0.488 1.001 1.184 0.866 0.391 0.183 0.061 0.122 0.061 0.098 5.614

-1 0.012 0.464 0.085 0.354 0.427 0.659 1.513 3.039 2.502 1.538 0.744 0.696 0.378 0.464 0.378 0.073 13.327

0 3.307 0.635 0.134 0.464 0.403 1.306 3.661 7.762 9.434 5.004 2.392 1.635 0.647 2.392 1.587 0.659 0.073 41.494

1 0.146 0.415 0.195 0.342 0.464 1.196 3.381 5.126 3.454 1.770 0.879 0.500 0.195 0.305 0.415 0.012 18.794

2 0.037 0.403 0.085 0.427 0.610 1.135 1.648 1.391 0.866 0.378 0.232 0.061 0.037 0.024 7.335

3 0.415 0.220 0.391 0.561 0.757 0.500 0.159 0.146 0.098 0.049 0.049 0.012 3.356

4 0.232 0.195 0.183 0.330 0.268 0.134 0.024 0.024 1.391

5 0.110 0.110 0.146 0.146 0.049 0.049 0.024 0.635

6 0.037 0.110 0.037 0.012 0.195

7 0.012 0.037 0.012 0.061

8 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.037

9

10 0.012 0.012

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 3.503 3.393 1.892 3.405 4.357 7.274 13.229 19.893 17.928 9.495 4.662 3.027 1.403 3.246 2.477 0.744 0.073 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 3.603

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 10.423

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.533

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.254 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 12.204

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.192 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 9.801

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.507 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 11.046

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.457 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 10.772

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.382 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 7.559

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.092 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 7.534 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.553

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.117 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.544

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.448 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.498

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.199 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.361

4.10

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 4.346

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 3.176

49.65

25.27

13.90

7.08

3.17

0.0634

0.1260

0.9603

-10.40

3.503

67.928

13.913

14.657

0.488

0.833

0.388

8,194

164

39.01

1.10

10.31

-1.26

35.15

0.00

78.01

36.42
A-22 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS C Driving (FC=14) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.034

-8 0.023 0.011 0.011 0.034 0.023 0.011 0.115

-7 0.011 0.057 0.057 0.034 0.034 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.230

-6 0.023 0.069 0.092 0.092 0.057 0.046 0.034 0.414

-5 0.023 0.138 0.310 0.287 0.218 0.207 0.103 0.057 0.023 0.023 0.011 1.402

-4 0.138 0.333 0.506 0.586 0.552 0.310 0.287 0.069 0.069 0.011 0.034 2.896

-3 0.011 0.391 0.563 0.529 0.724 0.862 0.735 0.483 0.322 0.092 0.069 0.046 4.826

-2 0.919 0.517 0.609 0.701 1.092 1.092 0.735 0.689 0.264 0.057 0.057 0.046 0.023 0.011 6.814

-1 0.011 1.482 0.276 0.529 0.770 1.471 2.229 2.126 1.942 0.919 0.448 0.264 0.299 0.184 0.080 13.030

0 7.641 1.942 0.322 0.724 1.046 2.287 3.596 5.469 4.918 2.528 1.574 1.126 1.252 0.839 0.230 0.184 35.677

1 0.218 1.057 0.356 0.597 0.965 2.378 2.964 2.700 2.218 1.413 0.586 0.540 0.414 0.241 0.138 0.034 16.822

2 0.011 0.919 0.345 0.735 1.023 1.735 1.551 1.034 0.666 0.253 0.103 0.069 0.069 8.514

3 0.011 0.850 0.471 0.643 0.931 0.885 0.540 0.356 0.126 0.080 0.034 0.011 0.011 4.952

4 0.023 0.620 0.471 0.448 0.517 0.345 0.230 0.080 0.023 2.758

5 0.207 0.276 0.230 0.172 0.069 0.023 0.023 0.011 0.011 1.023

6 0.046 0.126 0.069 0.023 0.011 0.011 0.287

7 0.034 0.034 0.023 0.034 0.126

8 0.046 0.011 0.057

9 0.023 0.023

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 7.928 8.629 4.366 6.090 7.940 12.076 13.605 13.478 11.088 5.676 2.907 2.160 2.091 1.287 0.460 0.218 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.504

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.981

Bin 1 % (idle) 10.258

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.951 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 11.033

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.528 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.277

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.099 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.524

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.782 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 7.301

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.394 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 5.282

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.204 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.434 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.972

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.019 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.962

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.634 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.364

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.235 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.211

4.65

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.831

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.725

51.26

23.84

13.66

6.58

3.02

0.0636

0.1305

1.2622

-9.28

7.928

56.268

18.522

17.281

0.359

0.793

1.080

8,703

183

32.99

1.39

9.27

-1.53

27.20

0.00

74.53

29.54
A-23 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS D Driving (FC=14) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.001 0.001 0.002

-13 0.001 0.001 0.002

-12

-11 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.010

-10 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.011

-9 0.001 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.002 0.005 0.001 0.022

-8 0.005 0.007 0.014 0.011 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.047

-7 0.002 0.009 0.018 0.028 0.021 0.020 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.111

-6 0.003 0.024 0.058 0.069 0.056 0.041 0.020 0.010 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.288

-5 0.016 0.105 0.160 0.167 0.145 0.085 0.054 0.018 0.010 0.007 0.001 0.002 0.770

-4 0.002 0.112 0.308 0.371 0.391 0.338 0.288 0.146 0.073 0.026 0.012 0.003 0.001 0.001 2.071

-3 0.002 0.437 0.541 0.529 0.605 0.545 0.437 0.324 0.179 0.092 0.019 0.010 0.004 3.724

-2 0.003 1.035 0.513 0.520 0.649 0.659 0.675 0.618 0.428 0.213 0.097 0.018 0.008 0.004 5.439

-1 0.008 1.835 0.445 0.595 0.771 1.092 1.456 1.577 1.550 1.153 0.601 0.231 0.044 0.011 0.001 11.370

0 19.880 3.006 0.443 0.773 1.111 2.090 3.616 4.365 4.482 3.798 2.112 0.879 0.176 0.051 0.005 46.787

1 0.223 1.563 0.411 0.836 1.247 1.941 2.395 2.478 2.116 1.486 0.628 0.215 0.037 0.009 0.001 15.586

2 0.030 1.115 0.446 0.796 1.138 1.160 0.970 0.721 0.439 0.202 0.066 0.010 0.004 7.097

3 0.010 0.970 0.461 0.691 0.649 0.496 0.313 0.144 0.067 0.018 0.003 0.005 0.002 0.001 3.829

4 0.004 0.600 0.497 0.350 0.235 0.146 0.082 0.029 0.018 0.005 0.002 0.003 1.972

5 0.003 0.132 0.193 0.132 0.060 0.037 0.017 0.007 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.586

6 0.001 0.049 0.060 0.027 0.014 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.164

7 0.001 0.026 0.023 0.013 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.079

8 0.008 0.008 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.024

9 0.003 0.004 0.006

10 0.003 0.001 0.004

11 0.001 0.001

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 20.166 10.914 4.497 5.892 7.164 8.755 10.412 10.504 9.388 7.015 3.552 1.375 0.278 0.079 0.007 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.063

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 9.500

Bin 1 % (idle) 23.584

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.338 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 9.055

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.738 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.292

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.742 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.353

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.138 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.498

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.177 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.753

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.972 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.867 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.559

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.432 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.196

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.336 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.046

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.120 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.021

2.55

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.186

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.098

53.84

26.48

11.82

5.31

7.00

0.0485

0.1051

1.9039

-13.74

20.166

53.529

13.759

12.546

0.871

2.407

1.484

109,307

757

30.60

1.20

11.21

-1.31

21.72

0.00

69.33

27.21
A-24 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS E Driving (FC=14) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.014 0.014 0.029

-10 0.014 0.014

-9 0.014 0.014 0.029

-8 0.014 0.014

-7 0.014 0.029 0.014 0.058 0.029 0.014 0.159

-6 0.029 0.058 0.058 0.101 0.072 0.029 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.390

-5 0.029 0.217 0.217 0.188 0.159 0.145 0.116 0.029 0.014 1.113

-4 0.159 0.448 0.549 0.592 0.405 0.231 0.159 0.058 0.014 0.014 2.630

-3 0.014 0.723 0.853 0.723 0.766 0.607 0.607 0.246 0.145 0.072 4.754

-2 1.329 0.347 0.448 0.650 0.723 0.853 0.824 0.434 0.217 0.087 0.029 5.939

-1 0.058 2.355 0.246 0.535 0.578 0.896 1.416 1.676 1.647 1.040 0.231 0.072 10.751

0 26.156 3.902 0.217 0.780 0.954 1.185 2.587 2.948 2.572 2.717 0.824 0.231 45.072

1 0.390 1.951 0.419 0.968 1.127 1.243 1.893 1.879 1.734 1.185 0.347 0.043 13.179

2 0.014 1.373 0.535 0.867 1.185 1.185 1.040 0.882 0.275 0.116 0.014 7.486

3 0.014 1.402 0.564 0.838 0.665 0.535 0.405 0.159 0.058 4.639

4 0.795 0.419 0.491 0.246 0.202 0.130 0.014 2.298

5 0.289 0.318 0.202 0.116 0.058 0.014 0.997

6 0.029 0.130 0.058 0.029 0.014 0.014 0.275

7 0.014 0.029 0.043 0.014 0.101

8 0.029 0.029 0.014 0.014 0.087

9 0.029 0.029

10 0.014 0.014

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 26.662 14.451 4.870 6.806 7.254 7.341 9.408 8.916 6.994 5.405 1.517 0.376 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 1.104

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.242

Bin 1 % (idle) 32.151

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.366 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.620

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.333 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.043

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.709 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.102

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.211 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.944

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.272 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.416

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.434 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.032 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.191

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.114 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.088

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.264 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.044 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

2.46

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.235

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.191

57.64

24.34

10.36

5.20

3.07

0.0440

0.1038

0.8155

-11.42

26.662

42.399

15.882

15.058

0.335

1.165

2.773

6,920

99

26.98

1.42

10.04

-1.57

17.26

0.00

56.33

23.53
A-25 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS F Driving (FC=14) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.004 0.004 0.009

-10 0.009 0.004 0.013

-9 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.018

-8 0.013 0.031 0.004 0.004 0.053

-7 0.013 0.026 0.035 0.018 0.004 0.013 0.110

-6 0.018 0.031 0.093 0.075 0.053 0.018 0.286

-5 0.018 0.167 0.163 0.181 0.145 0.048 0.031 0.013 0.767

-4 0.150 0.286 0.300 0.269 0.220 0.119 0.062 0.026 0.013 0.004 0.004 1.454

-3 0.004 0.586 0.551 0.560 0.370 0.348 0.251 0.132 0.044 0.018 0.004 2.869

-2 0.013 1.490 0.846 0.564 0.449 0.449 0.427 0.185 0.075 0.040 0.022 0.009 4.570

-1 0.004 4.226 0.930 1.088 0.842 0.692 0.701 0.665 0.348 0.154 0.084 0.044 0.026 0.026 0.004 9.836

0 37.974 8.655 1.454 1.481 1.172 1.040 1.397 1.432 0.771 0.361 0.123 0.066 0.449 0.278 0.022 56.676

1 0.317 3.843 0.899 1.163 1.291 1.326 1.036 0.683 0.383 0.137 0.075 0.040 0.079 0.048 11.321

2 0.071 1.727 0.784 0.925 0.842 0.696 0.449 0.229 0.110 0.009 0.009 0.004 0.004 5.861

3 0.031 1.199 0.639 0.533 0.423 0.251 0.106 0.071 0.013 0.009 3.274

4 0.026 0.643 0.410 0.278 0.159 0.097 0.062 0.018 0.004 0.004 0.004 1.705

5 0.004 0.207 0.273 0.137 0.062 0.026 0.022 0.009 0.009 0.749

6 0.101 0.115 0.044 0.026 0.009 0.004 0.300

7 0.022 0.018 0.013 0.004 0.004 0.062

8 0.009 0.013 0.009 0.004 0.004 0.040

9 0.009 0.004 0.013

10 0.009 0.009

11 0.004 0.004

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 38.445 22.902 7.456 7.421 6.218 5.372 4.658 3.539 1.802 0.749 0.326 0.172 0.560 0.353 0.026 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.724

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 7.525

Bin 1 % (idle) 46.327

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 10.478 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.966

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 11.710 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.801

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.879 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.059

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.020 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.703

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.552 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.201

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.534 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.361 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.316

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.409 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.111

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.151 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.027

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.071 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.009

1.39

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.311

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.480

61.77

27.64

6.66

2.54

3.06

0.0278

0.0728

1.5007

-11.11

38.445

39.353

12.013

10.189

0.292

1.836

5.183

22,692

206

15.62

1.24

11.15

-1.28

9.55

0.00

68.47

15.51
A-26 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS A Driving (FC=16) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17 0.001 0.001

-16

-15

-14 0.001 0.001

-13 0.001 0.001

-12 0.001 0.001 0.002

-11 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.007

-10 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.007

-9 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.012

-8 0.002 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.041

-7 0.001 0.010 0.020 0.018 0.024 0.013 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.100

-6 0.005 0.027 0.069 0.105 0.064 0.048 0.029 0.017 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.376

-5 0.016 0.140 0.298 0.293 0.239 0.155 0.079 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.003 0.001 0.001 1.292

-4 0.001 0.105 0.447 0.510 0.511 0.503 0.371 0.232 0.129 0.059 0.027 0.012 0.003 2.910

-3 0.001 0.456 0.582 0.496 0.618 0.620 0.600 0.441 0.273 0.148 0.074 0.026 0.013 0.002 0.001 0.001 4.352

-2 0.004 0.944 0.349 0.366 0.456 0.638 0.760 0.707 0.519 0.336 0.161 0.087 0.031 0.007 0.001 0.001 5.367

-1 0.003 1.472 0.253 0.370 0.492 0.758 1.216 1.594 1.615 1.293 0.878 0.461 0.208 0.066 0.018 0.001 10.700

0 12.749 1.937 0.279 0.508 0.762 1.625 3.321 4.972 5.697 4.319 3.625 2.153 1.881 0.723 0.381 0.119 45.051

1 0.249 1.092 0.304 0.610 0.778 1.375 2.189 2.498 2.123 1.574 0.939 0.498 0.206 0.053 0.018 0.002 14.508

2 0.076 0.977 0.453 0.764 0.915 1.128 1.125 0.850 0.512 0.263 0.133 0.045 0.012 0.002 0.001 7.256

3 0.015 0.943 0.559 0.780 0.889 0.706 0.451 0.233 0.127 0.043 0.015 0.006 0.003 4.770

4 0.005 0.581 0.502 0.419 0.367 0.242 0.119 0.061 0.019 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 2.328

5 0.002 0.136 0.218 0.146 0.082 0.041 0.021 0.008 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.659

6 0.001 0.040 0.061 0.038 0.016 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.169

7 0.001 0.015 0.014 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.042

8 0.001 0.008 0.012 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.028

9 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.013

10 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.005

11 0.001 0.001

12 0.001 0.001

13 0.001 0.001 0.001

14 0.001 0.001

15 0.001 0.001

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 13.108 8.735 4.222 5.416 6.324 7.991 10.404 11.716 11.086 8.074 5.871 3.297 2.359 0.854 0.420 0.124 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.753

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 11.638

Bin 1 % (idle) 15.143

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.386 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.976

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.631 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.254

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.082 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 8.131

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.678 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.876

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.171 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.818

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.536 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.411 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.487

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.943 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.601

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.545 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.133

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.191 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.061

3.66

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 2.434

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 3.874

53.01

25.11

11.91

6.31

6.81

0.0561

0.1195

1.3534

-17.06

13.108

56.685

15.451

14.756

0.916

2.022

0.997

171,745

1,416

35.90

1.26

14.70

-1.42

27.17

0.00

77.35

31.27
A-27 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS B Driving (FC=16) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12 0.013 0.013

-11 0.013 0.013

-10

-9 0.013 0.013 0.027

-8 0.013 0.067 0.027 0.013 0.121

-7 0.013 0.027 0.040 0.121 0.027 0.067 0.027 0.322

-6 0.054 0.121 0.107 0.121 0.121 0.081 0.013 0.013 0.631

-5 0.013 0.201 0.362 0.349 0.403 0.215 0.201 0.121 0.081 0.013 1.960

-4 0.094 0.443 0.443 0.618 0.577 0.604 0.376 0.242 0.081 0.081 0.013 3.571

-3 0.403 0.456 0.295 0.712 0.940 0.832 0.832 0.537 0.215 0.107 0.081 5.410

-2 0.712 0.282 0.483 0.470 0.604 0.967 1.181 0.819 0.644 0.295 0.148 0.040 6.645

-1 0.040 0.993 0.188 0.362 0.483 0.752 1.638 2.161 2.121 1.826 0.819 0.175 0.188 0.067 0.040 11.854

0 6.833 1.047 0.094 0.524 0.537 1.504 4.336 6.108 6.806 4.873 2.591 1.047 0.215 0.188 0.161 36.864

1 0.201 0.524 0.228 0.537 0.658 1.034 2.698 3.302 3.141 1.960 0.698 0.215 0.027 0.054 0.027 15.304

2 0.081 0.712 0.389 0.591 0.899 1.128 1.450 1.477 0.792 0.268 0.067 0.013 0.027 0.013 7.907

3 0.013 0.712 0.336 0.550 0.886 1.195 0.805 0.349 0.188 0.013 0.027 0.027 0.013 5.115

4 0.013 0.483 0.376 0.483 0.644 0.322 0.175 0.067 0.054 0.027 2.645

5 0.201 0.376 0.268 0.188 0.094 0.040 0.013 1.181

6 0.067 0.094 0.054 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.255

7 0.040 0.027 0.027 0.013 0.107

8 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.054

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 7.182 6.014 3.571 5.155 6.672 8.847 13.948 16.217 14.874 10.028 4.712 1.718 0.510 0.322 0.228 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.051

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 15.467

Bin 1 % (idle) 8.571

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.654 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 10.810

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.981 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 9.588

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.363 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 10.398

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.239 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 8.475

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.882 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 5.591

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.393 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 6.978 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.893

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.679 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.385

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.632 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.028

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.261 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.110

5.14

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.346

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.278

53.50

22.20

11.80

7.36

2.86

0.0649

0.1396

1.2828

-12.35

7.182

56.545

17.264

19.009

0.357

0.735

0.746

7,449

169

35.48

1.41

7.75

-1.63

29.16

0.00

69.88

31.42
A-28 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS C Driving (FC=16, LOS=C) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.036

-9 0.012 0.012 0.024

-8 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.048

-7 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.157

-6 0.024 0.048 0.169 0.145 0.145 0.060 0.024 0.012 0.627

-5 0.060 0.193 0.422 0.470 0.253 0.229 0.084 0.024 0.012 0.012 1.760

-4 0.181 0.555 0.518 0.579 0.627 0.422 0.229 0.133 0.084 0.024 3.351

-3 0.542 0.603 0.542 0.723 0.916 0.675 0.434 0.229 0.121 0.096 0.024 4.907

-2 0.012 1.121 0.386 0.325 0.615 0.989 0.904 0.772 0.603 0.301 0.084 0.084 0.024 6.221

-1 0.012 1.844 0.338 0.313 0.446 1.374 1.953 2.098 1.664 0.952 0.313 0.133 0.048 0.060 11.549

0 10.512 2.797 0.579 0.518 0.940 2.074 4.858 6.293 5.425 2.954 0.856 0.518 0.012 0.241 0.121 0.012 38.710

1 0.386 1.712 0.470 0.434 1.025 1.977 2.942 2.640 2.230 0.856 0.205 0.060 0.108 0.084 0.012 0.012 15.154

2 0.048 1.145 0.482 0.844 1.109 1.543 1.181 0.772 0.362 0.181 0.036 0.048 0.024 7.776

3 0.024 1.037 0.530 0.952 0.940 0.808 0.494 0.157 0.084 0.012 0.024 5.063

4 0.699 0.506 0.530 0.579 0.386 0.145 0.036 0.012 2.893

5 0.012 0.193 0.374 0.277 0.133 0.084 0.048 0.024 0.012 1.157

6 0.133 0.096 0.060 0.060 0.036 0.386

7 0.048 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.084

8 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.048

9 0.012 0.012 0.024

10 0.012 0.012

11

12 0.012 0.012

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 11.007 11.561 5.232 5.967 7.848 11.260 13.960 13.574 10.802 5.497 1.664 0.868 0.217 0.386 0.133 0.024 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 1.732

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 13.603

Bin 1 % (idle) 14.094

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.468 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 10.555

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.046 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 8.589

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.502 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 9.376

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.392 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.537

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.777 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.190

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.256 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.301 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.406

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.536 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.209

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.442 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.160

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.172 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.025

3.99

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.713

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.651

52.78

25.76

11.49

5.98

2.96

0.0560

0.1186

1.0841

-10.48

11.007

54.177

17.589

17.227

0.348

0.881

1.466

8,295

157

30.09

1.43

12.37

-1.58

23.68

0.00

78.50

26.61
A-29 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS D Driving (FC=16) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15 0.002 0.002

-14

-13 0.002 0.002

-12 0.002 0.002

-11 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.006

-10 0.004 0.002 0.006

-9 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.028

-8 0.002 0.010 0.010 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.040

-7 0.006 0.016 0.042 0.026 0.030 0.024 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.159

-6 0.004 0.026 0.093 0.093 0.066 0.064 0.018 0.006 0.008 0.002 0.002 0.382

-5 0.002 0.024 0.141 0.213 0.213 0.183 0.125 0.090 0.018 0.006 0.004 1.020

-4 0.004 0.123 0.394 0.428 0.507 0.382 0.267 0.165 0.082 0.030 0.012 0.004 2.399

-3 0.002 0.513 0.533 0.487 0.525 0.627 0.555 0.370 0.191 0.074 0.026 0.012 0.002 3.917

-2 0.002 0.993 0.442 0.519 0.613 0.668 0.766 0.722 0.436 0.215 0.082 0.022 0.002 5.484

-1 0.010 2.047 0.432 0.541 0.607 0.782 1.209 1.581 1.558 1.060 0.497 0.157 0.022 10.503

0 17.972 3.382 0.448 0.752 0.999 1.611 2.821 5.277 5.687 4.008 2.274 1.090 0.105 0.016 0.010 46.453

1 0.259 1.842 0.384 0.776 1.005 1.490 2.091 2.632 2.194 1.243 0.523 0.157 0.028 0.012 0.012 0.014 14.664

2 0.062 1.184 0.467 0.857 1.102 1.168 1.104 0.724 0.346 0.125 0.040 0.010 0.006 0.004 7.199

3 0.018 1.102 0.597 0.768 0.770 0.549 0.336 0.155 0.072 0.026 0.008 4.402

4 0.010 0.668 0.541 0.386 0.362 0.221 0.103 0.036 0.026 0.002 0.002 2.357

5 0.139 0.227 0.139 0.093 0.060 0.024 0.002 0.002 0.686

6 0.002 0.030 0.084 0.030 0.008 0.010 0.004 0.002 0.171

7 0.028 0.026 0.006 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.066

8 0.014 0.010 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.034

9 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.010

10 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.006

11

12

13 0.002 0.002

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 18.344 12.106 4.778 6.063 6.946 7.875 9.504 11.788 10.636 6.801 3.471 1.456 0.165 0.032 0.022 0.014 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.060

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 10.440

Bin 1 % (idle) 21.707

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.073 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.248

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.311 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.648

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.639 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.982

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.062 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.964

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.272 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.964

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.374 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.573 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.542

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.222 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.110

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.353 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.059

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.128 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.028

2.66

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.922

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.381

53.48

26.87

11.61

5.38

5.14

0.0493

0.1061

1.3847

-14.54

18.344

53.290

14.907

13.459

0.639

1.738

1.523

49,728

477

30.71

1.26

12.76

-1.38

22.06

0.00

77.02

27.02
A-30 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS E Driving (FC=16, LOS=E) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12 0.018 0.018

-11

-10 0.018 0.018 0.036

-9 0.036 0.018 0.053

-8 0.018 0.053 0.053 0.018 0.142

-7 0.018 0.036 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.053 0.160

-6 0.036 0.125 0.071 0.125 0.107 0.036 0.018 0.053 0.569

-5 0.071 0.125 0.356 0.267 0.196 0.107 0.036 0.018 0.018 1.192

-4 0.249 0.587 0.445 0.480 0.463 0.267 0.142 0.071 0.018 0.018 2.740

-3 0.836 0.818 0.640 0.640 0.605 0.445 0.267 0.107 0.089 0.053 0.018 4.519

-2 0.018 1.530 0.676 0.801 0.658 0.534 0.783 0.391 0.320 0.107 0.053 0.036 5.906

-1 0.053 2.846 0.587 0.890 0.961 0.996 1.601 1.548 0.801 0.320 0.213 0.036 10.852

0 28.696 4.537 0.516 0.907 1.210 1.067 2.081 3.113 2.918 1.014 0.249 0.142 46.451

1 0.480 2.562 0.391 0.996 1.050 0.996 1.637 1.743 1.032 0.374 0.267 11.528

2 0.071 1.477 0.534 0.765 0.801 1.174 0.872 0.516 0.267 0.089 0.036 6.600

3 0.018 1.316 0.391 0.943 0.587 0.569 0.445 0.213 0.036 4.519

4 1.067 0.694 0.534 0.480 0.231 0.071 0.018 3.096

5 0.285 0.391 0.302 0.125 0.071 0.036 0.018 1.228

6 0.036 0.125 0.053 0.018 0.231

7 0.125 0.018 0.142

8 0.018 0.018

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 29.336 16.972 5.995 7.774 7.508 7.081 8.450 8.112 5.622 2.028 0.890 0.231 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.763

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.200

Bin 1 % (idle) 34.236

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.338 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.407

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.923 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.916

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.988 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.205

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.635 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.043

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.382 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.491

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.563 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.797 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.181

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.975 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.271 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.018

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.054 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

2.72

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.253

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.126

61.09

23.23

8.49

4.47

2.86

0.0407

0.1046

0.8009

-11.99

29.336

39.602

15.745

15.318

0.285

1.171

3.812

5,621

80

23.11

1.54

7.82

-1.66

14.62

0.00

56.22

20.68
A-31 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS F Driving (FC=16) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10 0.010 0.010

-9 0.019 0.010 0.010 0.039

-8 0.019 0.019 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.077

-7 0.029 0.048 0.029 0.067 0.010 0.010 0.193

-6 0.019 0.029 0.048 0.077 0.048 0.048 0.010 0.019 0.010 0.308

-5 0.029 0.173 0.289 0.231 0.164 0.087 0.048 0.019 1.040

-4 0.202 0.424 0.472 0.337 0.404 0.193 0.096 0.010 0.010 2.147

-3 0.010 0.674 0.818 0.462 0.462 0.424 0.404 0.212 0.135 0.029 3.629

-2 0.019 1.627 0.683 0.549 0.385 0.395 0.298 0.366 0.125 0.077 0.010 4.534

-1 0.039 3.591 0.732 0.645 0.549 0.606 0.886 1.069 0.568 0.221 0.077 8.982

0 37.139 6.142 0.818 0.751 0.857 0.886 1.348 2.676 2.840 0.674 0.183 54.313

1 0.404 3.312 0.645 0.683 0.722 0.789 1.213 1.550 0.789 0.241 0.029 10.377

2 0.077 1.887 0.683 0.789 0.606 0.905 0.886 0.414 0.116 0.010 6.373

3 0.010 1.328 0.683 0.683 0.626 0.529 0.241 0.029 4.130

4 0.019 0.828 0.626 0.481 0.385 0.183 0.058 0.019 2.599

5 0.298 0.279 0.154 0.087 0.010 0.828

6 0.096 0.106 0.048 0.010 0.260

7 0.029 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.058

8 0.019 0.019 0.010 0.048

9 0.010 0.010 0.019

10 0.010 0.010 0.019

11 0.010 0.010

12 0.010 0.010

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 37.717 20.090 6.796 6.161 5.400 5.439 5.689 6.498 4.630 1.271 0.308 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.728

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 9.247

Bin 1 % (idle) 44.170

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.410 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.234

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 8.994 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.920

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.728 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.845

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.540 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.959

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.791 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.918

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.356 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.278 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.506 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.078 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.029 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

1.67

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.000

62.05

25.29

7.10

3.89

2.97

0.0326

0.0859

0.9256

-9.92

37.717

36.090

14.247

11.947

0.282

1.519

4.671

10,388

114

19.40

1.41

11.69

-1.46

11.13

0.00

49.09

17.87
A-32 

California 2000 Urban Collector LOS A-C Driving (FC=17) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16 0.001 0.001

-15

-14 0.001 0.001

-13 0.001 0.001 0.002

-12 0.001 0.001 0.002

-11 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.004

-10 0.001 0.001

-9 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.014

-8 0.003 0.009 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.038

-7 0.003 0.010 0.021 0.024 0.024 0.020 0.008 0.009 0.001 0.001 0.120

-6 0.003 0.026 0.094 0.114 0.073 0.044 0.022 0.012 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.398

-5 0.017 0.218 0.472 0.379 0.249 0.119 0.057 0.017 0.011 0.003 1.543

-4 0.001 0.134 0.714 0.832 0.826 0.623 0.322 0.144 0.087 0.021 0.012 0.004 3.720

-3 0.002 0.624 0.856 0.753 1.034 0.936 0.647 0.316 0.148 0.085 0.020 0.011 5.432

-2 0.001 1.242 0.604 0.605 0.912 1.008 0.923 0.614 0.324 0.188 0.081 0.034 0.014 6.549

-1 0.003 1.742 0.503 0.609 0.841 1.374 1.615 1.354 1.020 0.604 0.447 0.126 0.060 0.011 10.308

0 9.484 2.082 0.540 0.703 1.316 4.228 5.798 5.273 3.289 1.998 1.459 0.619 0.397 0.094 37.279

1 0.302 1.412 0.625 0.938 1.618 2.554 2.846 2.076 1.424 0.857 0.415 0.127 0.058 0.009 15.261

2 0.148 1.613 1.026 1.604 1.668 1.501 0.964 0.529 0.254 0.121 0.052 0.014 0.003 0.001 9.500

3 0.069 1.499 1.146 1.360 1.211 0.681 0.314 0.115 0.045 0.019 0.008 0.004 6.470

4 0.023 0.646 0.696 0.531 0.348 0.159 0.048 0.035 0.012 0.003 0.003 2.503

5 0.007 0.117 0.212 0.130 0.066 0.041 0.025 0.007 0.003 0.001 0.609

6 0.004 0.029 0.061 0.026 0.020 0.012 0.007 0.004 0.163

7 0.002 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.038

8 0.007 0.007 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.017

9 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.009

10 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.009

11 0.001 0.002 0.003

12 0.002 0.001 0.003

13 0.002 0.002

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 10.047 11.191 7.265 8.710 10.388 13.477 13.702 10.565 6.648 3.914 2.506 0.942 0.532 0.114 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 1.638

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 14.433

Bin 1 % (idle) 11.875

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.956 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 9.468

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.478 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.179

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.874 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.263

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.013 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.003

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.421 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.968

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.907 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.050 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.480

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.214 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.148

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.298 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.038

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.119 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.020

2.57

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.879

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.917

51.37

26.16

13.77

6.14

3.63

0.0543

0.1117

1.2221

-15.86

10.047

52.921

19.141

17.892

0.413

1.113

1.288

91,792

1,374

29.01

1.41

13.05

-1.63

22.26

0.00

67.32

24.74
A-33 

California 2000 Urban Collector LOS D Driving (FC=17) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.008 0.008

-12 0.008 0.008

-11 0.008 0.008

-10 0.008 0.008

-9 0.008 0.016 0.008 0.033

-8 0.016 0.008 0.025 0.008 0.057

-7 0.016 0.025 0.033 0.008 0.008 0.025 0.008 0.123

-6 0.049 0.107 0.082 0.041 0.041 0.041 0.008 0.370

-5 0.230 0.443 0.304 0.197 0.074 0.057 0.008 0.016 0.008 1.338

-4 0.148 0.682 0.542 0.755 0.657 0.271 0.123 0.049 0.008 3.235

-3 0.706 0.797 0.673 0.977 0.640 0.501 0.296 0.189 0.049 0.008 4.837

-2 1.297 0.542 0.731 0.829 0.994 0.723 0.493 0.361 0.189 0.057 6.216

-1 0.008 2.266 0.460 0.870 1.100 1.338 1.511 0.936 0.797 0.698 0.213 0.016 10.215

0 15.306 4.434 0.649 1.445 1.683 3.055 3.564 3.769 2.808 1.494 0.846 0.328 0.189 39.571

1 0.386 1.921 0.854 1.371 1.560 2.102 2.299 1.577 1.281 0.698 0.238 0.082 0.008 14.378

2 0.148 1.741 0.903 1.462 1.692 1.412 0.747 0.558 0.238 0.123 0.066 9.090

3 0.016 1.568 0.977 1.281 1.084 0.698 0.361 0.181 0.066 0.041 0.008 6.282

4 0.008 0.764 0.739 0.599 0.484 0.205 0.123 0.049 0.008 0.016 0.008 3.005

5 0.222 0.287 0.140 0.131 0.033 0.016 0.008 0.008 0.846

6 0.049 0.057 0.049 0.033 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.213

7 0.033 0.033 0.008 0.008 0.082

8 0.016 0.016 0.008 0.041

9 0.008 0.008

10 0.008 0.008 0.016

11 0.008 0.008

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 15.873 15.167 7.300 9.772 10.774 11.455 10.273 8.113 5.838 3.359 1.453 0.427 0.197 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 1.607

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.852

Bin 1 % (idle) 20.134

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.087 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.131

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 9.312 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.487

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.772 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.612

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.740 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.530

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.322 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.205

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.297 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.322 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.520

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.300 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.067

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.361 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.059

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.252 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

3.19

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.252

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.386

52.67

26.16

12.55

5.43

2.50

0.0529

0.1118

1.3070

-12.83

15.873

48.456

19.429

16.242

0.242

0.787

1.983

12,178

258

24.91

1.48

10.63

-1.60

18.49

0.00

61.41

21.97
A-34 

California 2000 Urban Collector LOS E-F Driving (FC=17) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.032 0.032

-12 0.064 0.064

-11

-10

-9 0.032 0.032

-8 0.032 0.064 0.097

-7 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.097 0.290

-6 0.129 0.129 0.161 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.515

-5 0.290 0.580 0.161 0.258 0.161 0.129 1.578

-4 0.547 0.708 0.901 0.547 0.354 0.386 0.129 0.064 0.032 3.670

-3 0.901 0.869 0.644 0.837 0.644 0.451 0.161 0.097 0.032 4.636

-2 2.222 0.934 0.869 0.708 0.547 0.386 0.515 0.193 0.193 0.032 6.600

-1 0.161 3.574 0.580 0.837 0.741 0.354 0.386 0.708 0.708 0.386 0.032 8.467

0 31.455 5.023 0.773 0.386 1.062 1.384 1.030 2.350 1.417 0.386 0.129 0.032 45.428

1 0.676 3.220 0.741 0.547 0.580 0.773 0.773 1.191 0.773 0.258 0.064 0.064 9.659

2 0.322 2.254 0.837 0.773 0.998 0.805 1.062 0.322 0.290 0.129 0.032 7.824

3 0.064 2.093 0.966 1.095 0.901 0.644 0.225 0.097 0.097 6.182

4 1.030 0.869 0.741 0.483 0.161 0.064 3.348

5 0.386 0.386 0.193 0.097 0.064 1.127

6 0.097 0.064 0.129 0.032 0.322

7 0.032 0.032

8 0.064 0.064

9 0.032 0.032

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 32.679 21.378 8.339 7.856 7.405 6.214 4.958 5.634 3.735 1.417 0.290 0.097 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.344

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 14.234

Bin 1 % (idle) 38.979

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.830 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.921

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 8.962 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.998

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.283 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.339

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.965 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.549

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.933 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.384

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.933 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.241 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.054 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.132

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.198 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.033 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

2.61

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.033

62.33

22.76

7.47

4.83

1.69

0.0387

0.1027

0.6832

-13.14

32.679

31.262

18.545

17.515

0.139

0.729

5.992

3,106

71

18.28

1.74

9.37

-1.91

11.41

0.00

56.02

16.95
A-35 

California 2000 Urban Local LOS A-C Driving (FC=19) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12 0.003 0.001 0.004

-11 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.006

-10

-9 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.006

-8 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.012

-7 0.004 0.003 0.008 0.008 0.012 0.003 0.001 0.040

-6 0.006 0.021 0.080 0.054 0.040 0.014 0.003 0.003 0.220

-5 0.019 0.200 0.417 0.307 0.148 0.052 0.017 0.006 0.001 1.167

-4 0.206 1.062 1.199 0.786 0.378 0.144 0.064 0.012 0.007 0.001 3.859

-3 1.126 1.583 1.458 1.522 0.801 0.305 0.113 0.061 0.023 0.007 0.001 7.001

-2 2.094 1.208 1.583 1.674 1.243 0.512 0.185 0.090 0.037 0.023 0.004 8.654

-1 0.004 2.595 0.952 1.407 1.797 2.085 1.191 0.475 0.229 0.108 0.090 0.059 0.014 0.003 11.009

0 6.268 2.530 1.115 1.870 3.665 6.903 4.746 1.684 0.573 0.365 0.340 0.260 0.113 0.077 30.508

1 0.417 2.033 1.431 2.387 3.442 3.461 1.562 0.608 0.280 0.163 0.080 0.033 0.004 15.901

2 0.438 2.877 2.353 3.134 2.294 0.909 0.349 0.167 0.075 0.033 0.006 12.634

3 0.249 2.170 1.689 1.463 0.798 0.280 0.108 0.036 0.019 0.006 0.001 6.819

4 0.054 0.505 0.537 0.309 0.189 0.090 0.032 0.010 1.726

5 0.007 0.080 0.110 0.075 0.028 0.014 0.004 0.318

6 0.004 0.015 0.025 0.012 0.006 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.069

7 0.004 0.010 0.006 0.001 0.021

8 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.012

9 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.007

10 0.001 0.001

11 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.006

12 0.001 0.001

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 7.448 16.279 12.309 15.413 16.576 16.370 9.028 3.363 1.351 0.744 0.548 0.358 0.131 0.080 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.827

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 16.582

Bin 1 % (idle) 8.990

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 13.559 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.647

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 14.082 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.754

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 12.044 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.320

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 8.005 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.688

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.494 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.438

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.819 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.259 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.204

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.371 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.030

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.076 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.003

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.018 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.004

1.01

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.250

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.363

51.51

30.46

13.74

3.29

1.85

0.0431

0.0890

1.0545

-11.82

7.448

50.708

20.859

20.985

0.201

0.714

2.902

72,405

1,690

21.25

1.44

12.45

-1.68

16.88

0.00

64.65

18.23
A-36 

California 2000 Urban Local LOS D-F Driving (FC=19) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.011 0.011

-12

-11

-10 0.011 0.011 0.022

-9 0.011 0.011

-8 0.022 0.011 0.033

-7 0.011 0.011 0.022 0.076 0.011 0.022 0.152

-6 0.033 0.054 0.130 0.163 0.065 0.022 0.467

-5 0.065 0.380 0.630 0.369 0.217 0.098 0.011 0.011 1.780

-4 0.488 1.140 0.923 0.695 0.326 0.141 0.054 0.011 3.778

-3 1.444 1.520 1.520 1.053 0.608 0.239 0.065 0.011 0.011 6.470

-2 2.790 1.444 1.683 1.389 0.640 0.391 0.109 0.011 0.011 8.467

-1 4.114 1.075 1.726 1.976 1.324 0.662 0.315 0.109 0.011 11.311

0 13.016 5.656 1.715 2.280 3.419 3.843 2.518 0.564 0.239 0.065 33.315

1 0.478 3.376 1.791 2.898 2.768 2.063 0.803 0.326 0.239 0.054 14.796

2 0.488 3.430 2.366 2.681 1.509 0.695 0.152 0.043 0.011 11.376

3 0.185 2.160 1.520 1.075 0.619 0.130 0.033 0.011 5.732

4 0.065 0.651 0.467 0.250 0.119 0.011 0.011 1.574

5 0.043 0.098 0.119 0.119 0.011 0.011 0.402

6 0.087 0.054 0.033 0.011 0.185

7 0.022 0.011 0.022 0.011 0.065

8 0.054 0.054

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 14.297 24.468 13.710 16.001 14.177 9.965 5.091 1.498 0.630 0.163 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.294

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 16.567

Bin 1 % (idle) 17.917

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 14.903 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.666

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 17.985 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.238

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 12.158 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.980

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.231 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.642

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.306 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.215

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.597 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.551 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.023 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.023 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

0.48

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.000

56.26

30.24

10.70

2.31

0.96

0.0336

0.0769

0.5874

-13.30

14.297

45.929

18.585

21.190

0.098

0.478

5.906

9,212

321

15.71

1.45

8.46

-1.79

12.31

0.00

44.69

14.36
A-37 

California 2000 Freeway On-Ramp Driving SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.006 0.006 0.012

-12

-11 0.006 0.006 0.012

-10

-9 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.041

-8 0.017 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.047

-7 0.017 0.029 0.029 0.012 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.111

-6 0.029 0.047 0.076 0.041 0.029 0.017 0.017 0.006 0.262

-5 0.041 0.099 0.122 0.105 0.111 0.064 0.052 0.006 0.017 0.618

-4 0.105 0.221 0.233 0.210 0.221 0.198 0.047 0.047 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.006 1.311

-3 0.280 0.443 0.356 0.356 0.391 0.309 0.274 0.105 0.105 0.064 0.006 2.687

-2 0.006 0.682 0.437 0.420 0.530 0.542 0.501 0.530 0.431 0.251 0.111 0.070 0.017 4.529

-1 2.046 0.758 0.612 0.624 0.810 0.868 0.915 0.933 0.431 0.408 0.361 0.105 0.070 0.017 8.958

0 6.388 5.729 2.157 0.927 1.078 1.760 1.906 1.760 1.929 1.480 1.451 1.166 0.764 0.560 0.332 0.041 0.023 0.023 29.475

1 0.216 2.361 0.968 1.008 1.014 1.609 2.075 1.958 2.419 2.541 2.728 1.859 0.903 0.367 0.099 0.012 0.023 22.160

2 0.152 0.979 0.490 0.863 0.944 1.125 1.486 1.708 1.597 1.644 1.230 0.898 0.356 0.087 0.017 13.575

3 0.146 0.985 0.589 0.629 0.804 1.043 0.868 0.927 0.898 0.781 0.460 0.204 0.064 0.006 8.405

4 0.076 0.565 0.478 0.478 0.612 0.595 0.606 0.670 0.565 0.338 0.105 0.023 0.006 5.117

5 0.017 0.286 0.245 0.221 0.192 0.233 0.262 0.169 0.122 0.047 1.795

6 0.029 0.076 0.146 0.099 0.099 0.076 0.017 0.029 0.012 0.583

7 0.006 0.023 0.058 0.041 0.012 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.163

8 0.006 0.023 0.023 0.006 0.006 0.064

9 0.012 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.035

10 0.006 0.012 0.017

11 0.006 0.006

12 0.006 0.006

13 0.006 0.006 0.012

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 7.035 14.181 7.198 6.155 6.714 8.585 9.215 9.075 9.104 7.653 6.575 4.599 2.226 1.096 0.466 0.052 0.047 0.023 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 7.656

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 6.871

Bin 1 % (idle) 8.334

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.691 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.445

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 12.729 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.841

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.927 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.260

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.902 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.557

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.064 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.606

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.673 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 8.183 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.096

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 5.967 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.653

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.097 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.590

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 3.114 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.439

16.15

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.226

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.736

37.41

22.38

12.91

11.16

3.20

0.1275

0.2037

2.0268

-12.86

7.035

52.393

30.757

9.815

0.188

0.419

0.692

17,157

683

29.04

1.71

13.21

-1.32

26.99

0.00

83.44

29.03
A-38 

California 2000 Freeway Off-Ramp Driving SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.005 0.005

-13

-12

-11

-10 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.015

-9 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.040

-8 0.010 0.015 0.030 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.085

-7 0.005 0.020 0.050 0.050 0.045 0.025 0.015 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.234

-6 0.005 0.040 0.154 0.209 0.174 0.144 0.089 0.085 0.050 0.020 0.005 0.010 0.984

-5 0.035 0.189 0.418 0.343 0.348 0.333 0.308 0.244 0.129 0.094 0.050 0.025 0.005 2.520

-4 0.154 0.661 0.587 0.621 0.656 0.636 0.656 0.522 0.373 0.323 0.169 0.060 0.035 5.453

-3 0.597 0.592 0.517 0.641 0.825 0.840 0.915 0.905 0.716 0.606 0.403 0.189 0.075 0.015 7.834

-2 1.074 0.437 0.467 0.587 0.815 0.885 0.949 1.183 1.307 1.104 0.731 0.457 0.085 0.035 10.116

-1 2.088 0.502 0.408 0.547 0.775 1.123 1.133 1.586 1.884 2.043 1.596 1.004 0.542 0.169 0.030 15.430

0 17.910 3.345 0.641 0.592 0.388 1.024 1.675 1.437 1.705 1.725 1.740 0.910 1.282 1.491 0.964 0.065 36.894

1 0.258 1.814 0.537 0.681 0.507 0.731 0.860 0.860 0.631 0.398 0.373 0.214 0.179 0.099 8.142

2 0.030 1.287 0.621 0.746 0.785 0.696 0.621 0.388 0.214 0.174 0.104 0.025 0.010 5.702

3 1.143 0.621 0.641 0.587 0.492 0.229 0.114 0.045 0.030 0.020 0.005 3.927

4 0.005 0.467 0.507 0.303 0.333 0.174 0.070 0.055 1.914

5 0.080 0.129 0.109 0.055 0.040 0.030 0.005 0.447

6 0.060 0.030 0.035 0.015 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.164

7 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.045

8 0.015 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.035

9 0.005 0.005

10 0.005 0.005

11

12 0.005 0.005

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 18.208 12.179 5.538 5.707 5.682 6.855 7.536 6.944 7.143 6.815 6.442 4.116 3.221 2.336 1.183 0.094 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) -1.838

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 22.007

Bin 1 % (idle) 22.182

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.489 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 10.402

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.111 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.395

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.318 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.696

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.397 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.089

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.672 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.852

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.042 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.248 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.831

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.003 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.700

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.340 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.206

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.149 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.057

2.56

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 5.695

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 2.120

69.57

17.46

6.71

3.70

1.01

0.0341

0.1122

1.4116

-14.15

18.209

40.274

12.487

29.030

0.207

0.495

1.457

20,117

678

32.82

1.42

11.98

-1.89

25.07

0.00

74.71

30.64
A-39 

California 2000 Freeway-to-Freeway Transition Ramp Driving SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.014 0.014

-10

-9 0.014 0.014

-8 0.014 0.014 0.028

-7 0.028 0.028

-6 0.014 0.028 0.028 0.014 0.083

-5 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.042 0.028 0.069 0.055 0.014 0.028 0.014 0.291

-4 0.014 0.069 0.014 0.028 0.042 0.042 0.069 0.069 0.083 0.028 0.014 0.014 0.484

-3 0.069 0.028 0.055 0.055 0.042 0.055 0.069 0.111 0.138 0.097 0.166 0.111 0.042 0.014 0.014 1.066

-2 0.332 0.208 0.249 0.166 0.208 0.263 0.318 0.208 0.415 0.484 0.512 0.305 0.125 0.055 3.848

-1 2.727 0.969 0.568 0.457 0.484 0.554 0.568 0.706 1.190 2.063 2.173 2.076 1.343 1.024 0.457 0.014 17.373

0 2.852 7.309 2.395 1.274 0.664 0.595 0.540 1.260 1.647 3.378 5.274 5.939 6.160 5.717 5.191 2.326 0.028 52.547

1 0.055 3.156 0.941 0.623 0.457 0.568 0.609 0.983 1.232 1.495 2.353 2.173 1.717 1.495 0.872 0.235 0.014 18.978

2 0.554 0.166 0.194 0.180 0.166 0.401 0.194 0.291 0.388 0.540 0.401 0.277 0.249 0.138 0.014 4.153

3 0.014 0.014 0.069 0.028 0.042 0.055 0.125 0.069 0.083 0.069 0.042 0.055 0.014 0.014 0.692

4 0.028 0.014 0.014 0.042 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.194

5 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.083

6 0.014 0.014 0.028 0.014 0.069

7 0.014 0.014

8 0.014 0.014

9 0.014 0.014

10

11

12 0.014 0.014

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.907 14.217 4.845 3.101 2.132 2.229 2.575 3.641 4.430 7.212 11.005 11.503 10.742 9.012 7.337 3.032 0.055 0.028 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 6.477

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 3.297

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.633

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.086 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.562

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 13.145 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.203

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.478 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.956

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.455 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.544

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.242 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.942

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.284 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.064 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 12.719

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.648 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 6.125

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.625 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.174

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.199 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.407

4.13

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 12.662

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 11.553

50.72

28.59

11.07

5.50

2.16

0.0559

0.1134

3.1551

-11.09

2.907

76.744

9.579

10.770

0.442

0.644

0.315

7,224

187

40.43

0.69

12.32

-0.76

41.14

0.00

83.05

42.38
A-40 

Sacramento 2004 Diamond-Downgrade On-Ramp Driving (D-D) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7 0.137 0.137

-6 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.205

-5 0.137 0.068 0.068 0.274

-4 0.068 0.068 0.137

-3 0.205 0.137 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.616

-2 0.274 0.068 0.411 0.137 0.205 0.479 0.137 0.137 0.068 1.916

-1 0.342 0.068 0.205 0.068 1.369 0.548 0.342 0.205 0.274 0.342 0.205 3.970

0 3.217 0.274 0.068 0.342 0.205 0.274 2.943 1.574 0.890 1.780 1.985 2.875 3.559 0.890 0.068 20.945

1 0.411 0.342 0.411 0.342 2.806 2.259 2.464 4.449 6.229 5.886 3.285 0.411 29.295

2 0.274 0.205 0.274 0.753 0.684 2.533 3.559 4.244 4.791 4.107 2.053 1.095 0.137 24.709

3 0.068 0.616 0.274 0.342 1.164 1.437 1.232 1.985 1.985 0.753 0.479 0.411 0.068 0.137 10.951

4 0.479 0.548 0.479 1.164 1.027 0.821 0.274 0.068 0.068 4.928

5 0.342 0.479 0.274 0.274 0.137 0.137 0.068 1.711

6 0.068 0.068 0.137

7 0.068 0.068

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 3.696 3.012 1.916 2.396 4.791 4.312 12.115 10.815 10.062 12.252 13.142 11.636 8.214 1.574 0.068 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.964

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.565

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.267

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.782 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.627

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.209 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.414

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.351 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.196

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.636 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.054

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.992 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 7.397

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.983 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 14.509 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 7.539

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 13.158 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 6.899

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.774 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 3.272

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.711 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 2.703

20.19

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 2.703

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 6.259

19.99

17.86

20.05

21.90

4.52

0.1701

0.2126

0.7618

-7.03

3.696

46.680

46.133

3.491

0.285

0.443

0.191

1,461

55

44.01

1.75

6.69

-1.24

38.61

0.00

70.09

40.10
A-41 

Sacramento 2004 Diamond-Level On-Ramp Driving (D-L) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.010 0.010 0.020

-8

-7 0.010 0.031 0.031 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.112

-6 0.020 0.031 0.072 0.051 0.041 0.031 0.245

-5 0.020 0.051 0.163 0.123 0.051 0.072 0.041 0.051 0.010 0.582

-4 0.051 0.123 0.082 0.102 0.255 0.163 0.133 0.041 0.031 0.981

-3 0.102 0.112 0.102 0.082 0.204 0.286 0.123 0.112 0.061 0.061 0.010 1.257

-2 0.368 0.296 0.194 0.184 0.194 0.296 0.235 0.123 0.123 0.061 0.051 0.031 2.155

-1 1.134 0.163 0.174 0.215 0.327 0.521 0.930 0.593 0.603 0.358 0.235 0.235 0.143 5.629

0 1.859 1.900 0.276 0.368 0.419 0.715 1.645 2.871 3.157 3.146 3.463 3.412 2.227 1.195 0.153 0.010 0.010 26.826

1 0.123 1.032 0.184 0.398 0.449 0.899 1.767 3.310 5.057 6.252 6.752 5.333 2.656 0.654 0.102 0.082 0.010 35.060

2 0.031 0.276 0.204 0.347 0.715 1.103 1.583 2.135 2.411 2.298 1.788 1.348 0.817 0.143 0.020 15.221

3 0.031 0.337 0.347 0.490 0.879 0.991 1.113 1.134 0.817 0.541 0.398 0.296 0.072 0.041 0.010 7.498

4 0.296 0.276 0.347 0.552 0.541 0.429 0.215 0.163 0.051 0.020 2.891

5 0.245 0.215 0.266 0.123 0.092 0.031 0.020 0.010 0.010 1.011

6 0.123 0.163 0.061 0.031 0.378

7 0.010 0.061 0.020 0.092

8 0.020 0.010 0.031

9 0.010 0.010

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.043 5.925 2.503 3.085 3.984 5.435 7.978 11.186 12.534 13.127 12.902 10.685 6.037 2.176 0.286 0.092 0.020 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 11.366

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.075

Bin 1 % (idle) 2.650

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.808 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.199

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.758 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.558

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.425 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.550

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.668 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.166

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.594 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 8.351

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.262 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 14.802 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 8.119

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 7.739 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 6.408

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 3.114 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 3.167

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.109 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 2.133

16.17

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.468

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 4.878

25.69

18.53

22.66

16.95

4.63

0.1498

0.2016

0.7697

-9.04

2.043

61.651

30.575

5.731

0.326

0.515

0.194

9,789

317

40.91

1.43

8.63

-1.30

37.96

0.00

78.85

38.75
A-42 

Sacramento 2004 Diamond-Upgrade On-Ramp Driving (D-U) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8 0.044 0.044

-7 0.044 0.044 0.088

-6 0.044 0.044 0.088

-5 0.088 0.088 0.044 0.131 0.044 0.394

-4 0.044 0.044 0.175 0.219 0.088 0.219 0.088 0.044 0.919

-3 0.175 0.219 0.175 0.438 0.394 0.263 0.219 1.883

-2 0.657 0.306 0.219 0.219 0.394 0.306 0.482 0.263 2.846

-1 0.701 0.088 0.088 0.175 0.482 0.657 0.963 0.701 0.569 0.394 0.131 0.175 5.123

0 4.685 1.751 0.044 0.219 0.525 0.306 1.708 1.226 2.758 4.159 2.715 1.970 1.051 0.044 23.161

1 0.175 0.657 0.219 0.394 0.701 1.007 2.145 4.335 5.035 5.298 4.116 2.496 0.701 0.131 27.408

2 0.394 0.219 0.569 1.138 1.970 3.678 4.159 4.028 3.327 2.320 1.357 0.131 23.292

3 0.569 0.263 1.095 1.489 2.583 1.708 0.919 0.525 0.044 0.044 9.238

4 0.394 0.525 0.438 1.138 0.832 0.350 0.131 3.809

5 0.306 0.219 0.306 0.175 0.044 1.051

6 0.131 0.175 0.131 0.044 0.482

7 0.044 0.131 0.175

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 4.860 5.823 2.539 3.940 6.392 8.231 11.121 12.566 13.354 13.398 9.588 5.954 2.058 0.175 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.519

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.494

Bin 1 % (idle) 5.720

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.134 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.587

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.087 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.680

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.498 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.904

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.134 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.630

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.542 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 5.311

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 5.765 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 16.841 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.406

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 17.976 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 3.178

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 6.037 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.542

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.089 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.089

28.20

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.590

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 2.769

28.77

7.53

14.49

21.02

5.26

0.1865

0.2618

0.6163

-7.71

4.860

49.825

38.879

6.436

0.258

0.470

0.096

2,284

81

38.78

1.73

7.30

-1.40

32.89

0.00

65.58

34.57
A-43 

Sacramento 2004 Loop-Downgrade On-Ramp Driving (L-D) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8 0.024 0.024 0.048 0.024 0.121

-7 0.024 0.024 0.048

-6 0.048 0.048 0.121 0.048 0.024 0.290

-5 0.097 0.097 0.145 0.121 0.024 0.483

-4 0.072 0.072 0.072 0.097 0.121 0.072 0.024 0.531

-3 0.097 0.121 0.072 0.097 0.169 0.386 0.531 0.048 0.024 1.546

-2 0.266 0.242 0.072 0.169 0.411 1.498 1.159 0.411 0.024 4.251

-1 1.522 0.193 0.024 0.121 0.845 3.478 2.391 0.725 0.145 0.072 9.517

0 1.014 2.705 0.459 0.024 0.362 1.932 13.937 5.966 1.256 0.386 0.845 0.797 0.845 0.676 0.024 31.232

1 0.121 1.159 0.097 0.314 2.464 9.058 6.643 1.570 0.507 0.290 0.507 0.386 0.411 23.527

2 0.242 0.048 0.048 0.048 0.217 1.039 3.357 2.536 1.208 1.014 0.990 0.845 0.145 11.739

3 0.024 0.121 0.145 0.072 0.145 0.386 0.411 1.594 2.826 3.140 2.391 1.715 0.604 13.575

4 0.145 0.048 0.072 0.217 0.145 0.048 0.097 0.411 0.580 0.242 0.048 2.053

5 0.121 0.048 0.072 0.024 0.024 0.072 0.048 0.048 0.459

6 0.121 0.048 0.121 0.072 0.024 0.024 0.024 0.435

7 0.048 0.048 0.072 0.024 0.193

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 1.159 6.618 1.739 0.894 1.981 6.932 30.000 21.884 9.855 6.039 4.831 4.130 2.681 1.232 0.024 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 8.796

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 3.830

Bin 1 % (idle) 1.777

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.631 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 13.242

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.755 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 16.996

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.576 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 11.940

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.601 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.207

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.250 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.329

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.026 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.582 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.651

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 6.083 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.826

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.330 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.076

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 6.058 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 5.632

22.08

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.100

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 2.503

29.64

35.31

6.88

6.09

4.03

0.1412

0.2007

1.1262

-8.38

1.159

62.343

29.227

7.271

0.263

0.476

0.184

4,140

145

30.68

1.48

7.24

-1.25

33.12

0.00

67.85

33.51
A-44 

Sacramento 2004 Loop-Level On-Ramp Driving (L-L) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.044 0.044

-8 0.044 0.044

-7 0.044 0.044

-6 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.176

-5 0.088 0.088 0.044 0.044 0.265

-4 0.044 0.176 0.221 0.221 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.088 0.044 0.926

-3 0.176 0.265 0.044 0.088 0.265 0.088 0.221 0.176 0.044 1.367

-2 0.221 0.132 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.926 1.147 0.573 0.221 0.088 0.088 0.044 4.102

-1 1.720 0.485 0.265 0.265 0.794 1.588 2.250 0.662 0.485 0.132 0.132 8.778

0 1.103 6.661 1.412 0.353 1.147 1.191 8.161 7.190 1.985 4.235 2.161 1.279 1.191 1.147 39.215

1 0.044 1.809 0.309 0.353 0.662 1.676 5.249 4.940 1.853 1.456 1.147 1.853 1.632 0.353 23.335

2 0.265 0.309 0.088 0.309 0.573 0.838 2.867 2.117 1.367 1.191 0.926 0.353 0.044 11.248

3 0.441 0.221 0.265 0.485 0.176 0.221 0.662 1.412 1.632 1.412 0.618 0.176 7.719

4 0.221 0.132 0.309 0.088 0.176 0.221 0.132 0.132 0.176 0.132 1.720

5 0.088 0.088 0.044 0.132 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.485

6 0.088 0.044 0.088 0.044 0.088 0.044 0.397

7 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.132

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 1.147 11.734 3.705 2.294 3.661 5.426 17.512 19.585 8.999 9.749 6.220 4.896 3.529 1.544 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 7.733

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.755

Bin 1 % (idle) 1.495

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.073 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 9.149

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 10.824 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 11.685

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.812 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 9.692

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.906 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.159

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.951 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 5.027

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.495 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 6.703 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.034

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 4.891 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 3.442

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.808 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.449

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 3.442 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 2.627

14.29

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.544

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 2.038

35.69

29.91

11.03

9.09

4.41

0.1147

0.1783

1.1909

-8.55

1.147

68.064

23.688

7.102

0.345

0.640

0.147

2,267

59

31.14

1.27

6.93

-1.01

32.36

0.00

66.71

32.74
A-45 

Sacramento 2004 Loop-Upgrade On-Ramp Driving (L-U) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3 0.210 0.210 0.419

-2 0.210 0.629 1.048 1.258 3.145

-1 0.419 1.887 5.451 2.725 0.839 1.048 12.369

0 0.210 0.210 0.419 7.128 13.836 5.870 1.258 1.258 1.048 0.839 32.075

1 0.419 0.629 5.451 9.015 3.983 0.839 0.210 0.210 20.755

2 0.419 1.887 2.096 4.822 4.403 2.516 1.677 0.419 18.239

3 0.210 0.419 0.419 0.629 0.210 1.048 2.725 2.725 2.096 1.258 11.740

4 0.419 0.210 0.419 0.210 1.258

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.629 0.839 1.468 4.193 17.400 35.220 21.174 8.386 6.709 2.935 1.048 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 11.234

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 0.436

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.000

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.654 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.407

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.089 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.190

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.961 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 10.458

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.704 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 17.429

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.614 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 10.893

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.743 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 10.893 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 10.022 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.218

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 5.882 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.218

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 5.229 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.654

20.13

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.307

30.82

11.74

24.74

12.58

4.37

0.1648

0.2381

0.7723

-3.08

0.000

65.199

31.237

3.564

0.235

0.442

0.000

477

18

31.10

1.43

4.11

-0.81

31.90

0.00

55.85

31.90
A-46 

Sacramento 2004 Ramp-Metered On-Ramp Driving (MON) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.104

-8 0.035 0.069 0.069 0.035 0.208

-7 0.069 0.139 0.139 0.069 0.035 0.450

-6 0.104 0.139 0.312 0.243 0.069 0.104 0.970

-5 0.069 0.347 0.416 0.416 0.312 0.312 0.069 0.069 2.010

-4 0.243 0.347 0.520 0.520 0.554 0.450 0.312 0.104 0.035 3.084

-3 0.450 0.658 0.416 0.450 0.866 0.728 0.450 0.243 0.069 0.069 0.035 4.435

-2 1.871 1.143 0.485 0.520 0.658 1.074 0.485 0.277 0.173 0.069 0.035 6.791

-1 6.480 0.520 0.347 0.243 0.485 1.629 1.559 0.589 0.728 0.173 0.104 0.035 12.890

0 2.564 11.920 1.005 0.554 0.312 0.658 3.812 2.911 1.836 1.525 0.866 0.520 0.901 29.383

1 0.450 5.301 0.347 0.277 0.243 0.520 1.525 1.802 1.490 1.386 0.901 0.485 0.277 15.003

2 0.069 1.040 0.243 0.243 0.520 1.213 1.490 1.351 0.970 0.970 0.728 0.520 0.035 9.390

3 0.069 0.832 0.243 0.277 0.901 1.455 1.490 1.005 0.554 0.312 0.208 7.346

4 0.728 0.312 0.277 0.832 0.693 0.277 0.173 0.139 0.035 3.465

5 0.554 0.277 0.520 0.173 0.104 0.035 0.035 0.069 1.767

6 0.658 0.416 0.450 0.243 0.035 1.802

7 0.139 0.416 0.173 0.035 0.762

8 0.069 0.035 0.104

9 0.035 0.035

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 3.153 30.388 6.445 5.336 5.960 7.866 13.028 10.291 6.341 5.232 3.015 1.698 1.247 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 3.122

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 14.518

Bin 1 % (idle) 5.616

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 14.129 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.605

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 15.931 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.698

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.837 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.168

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.554 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.331

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.696 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.038

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 5.299 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 6.217 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.130

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 4.698 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.389

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.225 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.459

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.024 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.742

12.82

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.247

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.448

47.68

24.01

8.18

7.31

4.63

0.0883

0.1688

0.7886

-9.04

3.153

53.950

24.809

18.087

0.311

0.875

1.346

2,886

55

21.19

1.83

8.63

-1.76

21.32

0.00

61.97

22.02
A-47 

Sacramento 2004 Non-Metered On-Ramp Driving (MOF) SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8 0.006 0.006

-7 0.011 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.029

-6 0.011 0.017 0.029 0.011 0.017 0.011 0.097

-5 0.011 0.017 0.057 0.040 0.040 0.011 0.017 0.017 0.006 0.217

-4 0.017 0.063 0.029 0.051 0.103 0.068 0.034 0.023 0.023 0.006 0.416

-3 0.074 0.057 0.040 0.068 0.097 0.177 0.188 0.057 0.034 0.029 0.821

-2 0.097 0.091 0.108 0.154 0.205 0.548 0.610 0.240 0.086 0.040 0.034 0.023 2.236

-1 0.268 0.125 0.097 0.194 0.525 1.397 1.363 0.633 0.433 0.245 0.194 0.183 0.080 5.738

0 1.877 0.856 0.291 0.228 0.513 1.158 5.481 3.913 2.481 2.869 2.818 2.692 1.882 1.055 0.097 0.006 0.006 28.223

1 0.086 0.297 0.137 0.314 0.513 1.523 4.312 4.620 4.073 4.637 4.894 4.078 2.105 0.559 0.057 0.046 0.006 32.255

2 0.006 0.148 0.171 0.285 0.627 0.913 1.814 3.091 3.006 2.464 1.928 1.369 0.804 0.131 0.011 16.769

3 0.017 0.268 0.285 0.462 0.747 0.890 0.856 1.289 1.523 1.329 1.015 0.684 0.211 0.034 0.006 9.617

4 0.200 0.257 0.302 0.479 0.439 0.348 0.171 0.188 0.200 0.091 0.017 2.692

5 0.154 0.165 0.143 0.097 0.068 0.034 0.034 0.006 0.011 0.011 0.724

6 0.023 0.063 0.023 0.006 0.017 0.011 0.143

7 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.017

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 1.985 2.413 1.740 2.105 3.531 5.983 15.075 15.366 12.252 12.104 11.077 9.069 5.208 1.859 0.171 0.051 0.011 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 11.944

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 2.105

Bin 1 % (idle) 2.259

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.325 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.848

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.271 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.444

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.224 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.078

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.449 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.510

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.360 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 7.214

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.507 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 13.139 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.848

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 9.331 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 5.162

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 3.938 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.750

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 2.673 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 3.128

19.88

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.177

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 4.263

24.36

21.39

18.59

15.78

4.53

0.1602

0.2118

1.1909

-7.71

1.985

61.220

32.712

4.084

0.299

0.471

0.065

17,532

620

39.59

1.44

6.93

-1.01

38.06

0.00

78.85

38.83
APPENDIX B

Driving Population SAFDs, VSP Distributions and Summary Statistics - 

Without Road Grade Compensation
B-1 

California 2000 Rural Principal Arterial Interstate Driving (FC=01), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16 0.001 0.001

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.001 0.001

-10

-9 0.001 0.001

-8 0.001 0.001

-7 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.005

-6 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.017

-5 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.054

-4 0.001 0.005 0.019 0.023 0.008 0.006 0.008 0.005 0.001 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.011 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.117

-3 0.006 0.017 0.019 0.018 0.024 0.006 0.011 0.015 0.010 0.020 0.017 0.025 0.025 0.023 0.041 0.024 0.011 0.003 0.317

-2 0.019 0.027 0.014 0.010 0.018 0.009 0.004 0.006 0.018 0.025 0.064 0.068 0.083 0.098 0.119 0.094 0.031 0.010 0.001 0.718

-1 0.048 0.023 0.020 0.013 0.023 0.003 0.005 0.013 0.018 0.045 0.116 0.292 0.904 1.773 2.045 1.383 0.579 0.127 0.014 7.444

0 0.019 0.087 0.024 0.066 0.020 0.038 0.011 0.003 0.020 0.037 0.125 0.310 1.884 6.634 23.003 28.027 15.593 4.915 0.866 0.140 0.005 81.828

1 0.003 0.059 0.038 0.040 0.010 0.022 0.020 0.040 0.032 0.080 0.113 0.204 0.469 1.062 1.948 2.030 1.303 0.504 0.112 0.006 0.005 8.099

2 0.003 0.032 0.029 0.032 0.036 0.038 0.028 0.027 0.028 0.040 0.048 0.057 0.085 0.105 0.129 0.112 0.084 0.015 0.004 0.932

3 0.008 0.031 0.034 0.048 0.033 0.014 0.014 0.010 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.013 0.010 0.019 0.018 0.009 0.005 0.001 0.311

4 0.006 0.010 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.004 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.015 0.004 0.003 0.099

5 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.040

6 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.005

7 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.006

8 0.001 0.001 0.003

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.032 0.291 0.214 0.274 0.187 0.207 0.115 0.121 0.142 0.223 0.395 0.784 2.849 8.837 27.016 32.431 18.512 6.072 1.124 0.161 0.013 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 17.342

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 0.776

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.040

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.198 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.088

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.292 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.055

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.124 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.050

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.084 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.064

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.092 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.092

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.074 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.185 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 37.168

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.094 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 30.761

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.051 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 10.247

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.047 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 4.178

1.85

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 3.910

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 11.331

49.89

35.09

10.13

3.04

47.91

0.0446

0.0890

2.3333

-15.94

0.032

82.793

8.825

8.350

21.742

17.909

0.003

78,441

73

73.41

0.34

8.37

-0.34

72.84

0.00

104.72

72.87
B-2 

alifornia 2000 Rural Other Principal Arterial LOS A-C Driving (FC=02), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.003 0.003

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.003 0.006 0.009

-8 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.015

-7 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.056

-6 0.012 0.050 0.059 0.050 0.044 0.021 0.021 0.012 0.006 0.003 0.276

-5 0.053 0.103 0.091 0.126 0.112 0.076 0.047 0.024 0.018 0.018 0.009 0.003 0.679

-4 0.021 0.121 0.109 0.171 0.135 0.132 0.156 0.121 0.076 0.044 0.018 0.009 0.021 1.132

-3 0.103 0.147 0.103 0.082 0.109 0.153 0.215 0.168 0.115 0.091 0.068 0.035 0.009 0.006 0.009 1.411

-2 0.226 0.123 0.068 0.062 0.071 0.097 0.129 0.229 0.221 0.176 0.171 0.097 0.059 0.035 0.006 0.003 0.009 1.782

-1 0.003 0.412 0.047 0.032 0.050 0.076 0.085 0.135 0.368 0.823 0.850 1.276 2.026 1.429 0.809 0.447 0.118 0.029 0.015 0.003 9.033

0 2.632 0.326 0.032 0.041 0.050 0.068 0.088 0.221 1.385 1.991 3.134 7.389 20.015 18.292 8.507 4.631 0.767 0.088 0.009 0.006 0.003 69.676

1 0.059 0.247 0.029 0.053 0.094 0.085 0.168 0.306 0.676 0.982 0.917 1.550 2.141 1.517 0.832 0.303 0.074 0.024 0.012 0.015 10.083

2 0.024 0.203 0.059 0.076 0.082 0.191 0.276 0.379 0.262 0.191 0.262 0.265 0.171 0.094 0.041 0.038 0.018 0.003 2.635

3 0.300 0.156 0.212 0.215 0.215 0.185 0.135 0.106 0.085 0.068 0.059 0.044 0.024 0.012 0.003 1.817

4 0.018 0.126 0.179 0.150 0.162 0.132 0.094 0.062 0.050 0.018 0.012 0.009 0.006 1.017

5 0.009 0.065 0.062 0.047 0.038 0.041 0.018 0.012 0.009 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.312

6 0.006 0.009 0.015 0.006 0.006 0.003 0.044

7 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.012

8 0.003 0.003

9 0.003 0.003 0.006

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.735 1.985 1.041 1.073 1.179 1.314 1.491 1.870 3.455 4.561 5.587 10.824 24.552 21.450 10.250 5.440 0.976 0.147 0.035 0.029 0.006 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 9.891

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.420

Bin 1 % (idle) 2.995

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.859 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.918

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.791 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.381

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.561 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.024

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.434 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.892

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.437 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.431

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.850 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.154 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 27.593

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.891 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 8.112

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.425 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.868

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.313 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.944

3.18

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 9.139

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 28.570

50.50

32.29

10.17

3.86

14.56

0.0514

0.1038

2.1165

-13.87

2.735

76.306

10.721

10.239

4.333

4.724

0.092

34,009

120

59.29

0.63

9.33

-0.68

55.04

0.00

98.36

56.59
B-3 

alifornia 2000 Rural Other Principal Arterial LOS D-F Driving (FC=02), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.041

-8 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.041

-7 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.041 0.041 0.014 0.136

-6 0.014 0.041 0.055 0.041 0.027 0.014 0.027 0.218

-5 0.014 0.014 0.123 0.095 0.095 0.027 0.014 0.055 0.041 0.027 0.014 0.014 0.532

-4 0.027 0.027 0.055 0.055 0.109 0.109 0.082 0.068 0.041 0.068 0.014 0.655

-3 0.136 0.136 0.095 0.150 0.082 0.164 0.136 0.232 0.136 0.150 0.082 0.082 0.027 0.014 1.623

-2 0.218 0.041 0.136 0.109 0.259 0.177 0.423 0.232 0.355 0.327 0.382 0.082 0.041 0.014 0.041 0.041 2.878

-1 0.477 0.109 0.055 0.314 0.232 0.355 0.709 1.091 0.941 1.828 2.400 2.728 1.091 0.559 0.123 0.014 13.025

0 4.842 0.518 0.095 0.109 0.191 0.164 0.532 1.214 2.605 2.946 4.733 10.543 13.148 9.547 5.619 0.873 0.014 57.692

1 0.068 0.409 0.068 0.041 0.191 0.164 0.600 1.091 1.391 1.637 2.973 3.505 2.810 1.227 0.627 0.123 0.014 16.939

2 0.177 0.041 0.123 0.218 0.396 0.559 0.436 0.436 0.341 0.259 0.245 0.055 0.123 0.055 0.014 0.014 3.492

3 0.014 0.218 0.123 0.218 0.218 0.191 0.150 0.123 0.095 0.095 0.068 0.041 0.041 0.027 0.014 0.027 1.664

4 0.136 0.095 0.109 0.164 0.150 0.055 0.041 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.791

5 0.068 0.041 0.027 0.027 0.014 0.177

6 0.014 0.014 0.027

7 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.055

8 0.014 0.014

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 4.924 2.441 0.859 1.050 1.828 1.909 2.837 4.324 6.206 6.615 10.461 17.239 18.958 12.125 6.915 1.214 0.068 0.027 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 8.093

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.247

Bin 1 % (idle) 5.480

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.452 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.671

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.192 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.384

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.534 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.644

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.575 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.192

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.603 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.945

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.712 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.027 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 21.151

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.480 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 6.096

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.370 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.233

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.151 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.822

3.19

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 12.452

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 20.589

48.12

28.91

14.61

5.17

13.74

0.0600

0.1156

1.9395

-9.18

4.924

73.432

11.007

10.638

3.104

3.819

0.161

7,332

32

52.99

0.71

7.54

-0.79

48.77

0.00

83.00

51.29
B-4 

California 2000 Rural Minor Arterial Driving (FC=06), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.010 0.010

-8 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.044

-7 0.005 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.058

-6 0.010 0.015 0.029 0.044 0.034 0.044 0.015 0.010 0.010 0.209

-5 0.010 0.058 0.112 0.131 0.126 0.131 0.082 0.039 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.713

-4 0.005 0.005 0.165 0.194 0.204 0.272 0.233 0.184 0.126 0.073 0.029 0.015 0.005 0.005 1.514

-3 0.005 0.155 0.262 0.238 0.277 0.286 0.277 0.388 0.277 0.238 0.180 0.102 0.019 2.703

-2 0.383 0.204 0.170 0.141 0.170 0.218 0.257 0.349 0.403 0.359 0.194 0.121 0.005 0.010 2.984

-1 0.742 0.184 0.165 0.170 0.204 0.335 0.485 0.805 1.645 1.980 2.038 1.203 0.388 0.044 0.005 0.005 10.398

0 4.013 1.538 0.286 0.272 0.286 0.374 1.038 1.480 1.917 2.586 5.464 14.392 20.278 5.769 0.442 0.053 0.010 60.197

1 0.102 0.684 0.126 0.146 0.204 0.281 0.529 0.631 1.077 1.727 2.518 2.130 1.359 0.359 0.049 0.019 11.941

2 0.049 0.514 0.136 0.189 0.233 0.320 0.446 0.524 0.577 0.500 0.330 0.155 0.029 0.010 0.010 4.023

3 0.015 0.374 0.233 0.286 0.335 0.354 0.374 0.238 0.180 0.087 0.053 0.029 2.557

4 0.359 0.209 0.272 0.281 0.218 0.150 0.102 0.087 0.024 0.015 0.005 1.723

5 0.092 0.189 0.102 0.087 0.063 0.053 0.024 0.010 0.005 0.626

6 0.039 0.049 0.019 0.029 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.170

7 0.005 0.015 0.024 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.068

8 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.019

9 0.005 0.005

10 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.019

11 0.005 0.005 0.010

12 0.010 0.010

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 4.187 4.915 2.164 2.251 2.441 2.732 3.853 4.440 5.468 7.312 10.966 19.069 23.019 6.531 0.548 0.087 0.015 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 6.724

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 6.725

Bin 1 % (idle) 5.050

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.084 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.373

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.834 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.550

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.071 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.389

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.828 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.995

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.881 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.362

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.544 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.789 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 14.439

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.114 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.992

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.721 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.487

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.394 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.205

4.17

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 9.486

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 28.688

50.17

30.90

10.19

4.57

15.47

0.0555

0.1115

1.2703

-9.12

4.188

74.992

10.952

9.870

3.446

4.642

0.149

20,609

74

50.29

0.87

12.20

-0.87

44.55

0.00

78.32

46.50
B-5 

California 2000 Rural Major Collector Driving (FC=07), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.003 0.003

-13

-12 0.001 0.001 0.003

-11 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.005

-10 0.001 0.003 0.004

-9 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.012

-8 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.007 0.001 0.007 0.003 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.038

-7 0.004 0.012 0.023 0.034 0.036 0.013 0.017 0.008 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.162

-6 0.001 0.016 0.074 0.113 0.090 0.061 0.055 0.040 0.027 0.004 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.494

-5 0.009 0.103 0.232 0.223 0.274 0.244 0.158 0.109 0.051 0.031 0.014 0.012 0.001 1.461

-4 0.053 0.321 0.338 0.371 0.421 0.403 0.362 0.278 0.203 0.109 0.042 0.013 0.008 2.922

-3 0.001 0.226 0.361 0.270 0.355 0.293 0.295 0.382 0.431 0.370 0.228 0.125 0.047 0.009 0.003 3.396

-2 0.001 0.417 0.262 0.199 0.190 0.215 0.275 0.374 0.458 0.546 0.503 0.296 0.139 0.023 0.012 3.912

-1 0.001 0.757 0.173 0.209 0.128 0.197 0.283 0.416 0.693 1.290 1.988 1.927 1.126 0.345 0.090 0.027 0.005 9.656

0 2.650 1.120 0.207 0.215 0.231 0.596 0.923 1.161 1.861 3.651 7.809 12.001 12.055 5.191 0.940 0.164 0.030 50.805

1 0.068 0.554 0.155 0.262 0.284 0.447 0.597 0.983 1.710 2.496 3.006 2.312 1.130 0.322 0.082 0.025 0.005 14.439

2 0.020 0.489 0.189 0.349 0.339 0.469 0.654 0.965 0.989 0.714 0.353 0.126 0.035 0.007 0.004 0.001 5.704

3 0.009 0.488 0.373 0.502 0.579 0.618 0.632 0.437 0.241 0.085 0.035 0.021 0.004 4.023

4 0.001 0.304 0.386 0.385 0.456 0.355 0.215 0.089 0.030 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.001 2.238

5 0.001 0.064 0.166 0.123 0.074 0.056 0.020 0.014 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.531

6 0.010 0.043 0.038 0.023 0.010 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.143

7 0.007 0.007 0.014 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.034

8 0.004 0.007 0.001 0.001 0.013

9 0.001 0.001

10 0.001 0.001 0.003

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.753 4.502 2.779 3.229 3.401 4.088 4.651 5.424 6.871 9.467 14.087 16.885 14.568 5.907 1.130 0.218 0.040 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 5.971

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 10.430

Bin 1 % (idle) 3.214

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.093 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.184

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.699 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.020

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.583 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.962

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.327 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.259

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.193 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.774

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.151 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.584 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 12.846

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 3.318 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.229

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.982 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.381

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.250 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.175

5.45

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 8.832

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 21.515

47.38

28.36

12.40

6.40

15.98

0.0671

0.1275

1.4474

-13.80

2.753

69.023

14.222

14.002

2.836

3.971

0.189

76,717

322

49.18

1.02

10.19

-1.24

42.85

0.00

81.81

44.07
B-6 

California 2000 Rural Minor Collector Driving (FC=08), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12 0.003 0.003

-11

-10 0.003 0.003

-9 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.023

-8 0.003 0.008 0.013 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.003 0.043

-7 0.003 0.010 0.023 0.033 0.013 0.018 0.015 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.130

-6 0.003 0.026 0.099 0.115 0.084 0.102 0.077 0.033 0.031 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.584

-5 0.010 0.128 0.283 0.276 0.291 0.296 0.217 0.102 0.074 0.028 0.020 0.005 0.003 1.732

-4 0.059 0.344 0.472 0.490 0.546 0.513 0.452 0.355 0.163 0.077 0.036 0.005 0.008 0.003 0.003 3.523

-3 0.260 0.454 0.365 0.513 0.546 0.459 0.531 0.485 0.406 0.242 0.122 0.028 0.003 0.008 0.003 4.424

-2 0.003 0.485 0.360 0.258 0.301 0.367 0.426 0.436 0.648 0.661 0.482 0.327 0.143 0.026 0.010 0.031 0.015 4.977

-1 0.005 0.824 0.168 0.232 0.270 0.441 0.661 0.770 1.199 1.595 1.990 1.561 0.645 0.245 0.110 0.036 0.048 10.802

0 2.265 0.906 0.181 0.237 0.342 1.074 1.916 2.271 3.100 4.832 6.677 10.526 6.314 2.021 0.497 0.242 0.133 0.003 43.536

1 0.107 0.645 0.181 0.286 0.408 0.730 0.947 1.309 1.949 2.602 2.531 1.717 0.625 0.189 0.128 0.066 0.041 14.460

2 0.059 0.653 0.278 0.370 0.556 0.740 0.941 1.143 1.105 0.755 0.337 0.094 0.048 0.026 0.010 0.003 0.005 7.123

3 0.041 0.681 0.569 0.671 0.765 0.783 0.735 0.549 0.227 0.099 0.043 0.028 0.018 0.018 0.005 0.010 5.243

4 0.013 0.253 0.475 0.472 0.526 0.431 0.237 0.079 0.033 0.020 0.005 0.010 0.003 0.003 2.559

5 0.003 0.077 0.191 0.151 0.079 0.054 0.038 0.023 0.015 0.005 0.003 0.638

6 0.003 0.010 0.046 0.043 0.018 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.148

7 0.003 0.008 0.005 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.028

8 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.015

9 0.003 0.003

10

11

12 0.003 0.003

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.498 4.870 3.426 3.965 4.697 6.154 7.299 7.893 9.274 11.253 12.432 14.448 7.837 2.541 0.773 0.395 0.242 0.003 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 4.754

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.847

Bin 1 % (idle) 3.124

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.616 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.267

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.786 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.235

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.987 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.797

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.774 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.414

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.723 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.264

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.673 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 6.285 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 7.833

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 3.779 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.504

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.960 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.424

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.331 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.354

6.24

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 7.186

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 14.839

47.80

26.28

12.42

7.26

11.52

0.0720

0.1379

1.5482

-12.17

2.498

64.288

16.690

16.524

1.729

2.667

0.290

39,197

245

45.29

1.18

11.52

-1.44

38.90

0.00

82.79

39.90
B-7 

California 2000 Rural Local Driving (FC=09), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12 0.008 0.008

-11

-10 0.008 0.008

-9 0.008 0.008

-8 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.031

-7 0.016 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.031 0.016 0.008 0.008 0.148

-6 0.023 0.047 0.086 0.070 0.055 0.031 0.023 0.008 0.343

-5 0.023 0.101 0.218 0.296 0.164 0.101 0.070 0.047 0.016 0.008 1.045

-4 0.078 0.624 0.881 0.515 0.320 0.234 0.242 0.164 0.109 0.039 0.016 3.222

-3 0.608 1.108 0.835 0.897 0.515 0.320 0.304 0.335 0.242 0.117 0.070 0.023 0.008 5.382

-2 0.008 1.092 0.593 0.671 1.076 0.655 0.273 0.265 0.312 0.445 0.289 0.086 0.039 0.031 0.008 5.842

-1 1.420 0.413 0.608 0.866 1.100 0.780 0.507 0.733 1.045 1.170 0.655 0.296 0.062 0.094 0.023 9.774

0 2.972 1.841 0.523 0.827 2.691 3.853 1.919 1.225 1.498 2.878 6.513 7.246 3.471 0.647 0.164 0.133 38.401

1 0.172 1.451 1.256 1.404 1.973 1.630 0.983 0.819 1.591 2.410 1.934 1.232 0.546 0.164 0.094 0.016 17.676

2 0.281 1.958 1.349 1.716 1.076 0.523 0.569 0.764 0.741 0.312 0.164 0.086 0.039 0.016 0.016 9.610

3 0.226 1.264 1.076 0.967 0.616 0.429 0.390 0.218 0.187 0.109 0.055 0.031 5.569

4 0.031 0.335 0.452 0.328 0.382 0.281 0.226 0.125 0.070 0.055 2.285

5 0.008 0.047 0.125 0.101 0.117 0.055 0.008 0.023 0.008 0.491

6 0.016 0.008 0.016 0.047 0.016 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.125

7 0.008 0.016 0.008 0.031

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 3.713 10.133 7.699 8.674 10.640 9.641 5.897 4.626 5.725 7.637 10.289 9.431 4.415 0.928 0.382 0.172 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 3.805

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.881

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.072

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.449 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.118

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 10.663 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.349

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.138 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.555

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.405 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.722

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.885 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.367

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.925 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.015 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.516

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.870 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.070

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.753 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.285

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.420 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.214

3.80

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 3.937

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 10.394

45.80

31.20

13.64

5.55

4.05

0.0622

0.1147

1.0580

-12.02

3.713

61.412

18.370

16.506

0.544

1.085

0.718

12,820

197

36.63

1.24

7.18

-1.49

30.10

0.00

74.46

31.26
B-8 

ifornia 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS A Driving (FC=11), No Grade Compensation SAFD 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.002 0.002

-10 0.002 0.002

-9 0.002 0.002 0.004

-8 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.008

-7 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.010

-6 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.032

-5 0.008 0.014 0.012 0.008 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.004 0.008 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.091

-4 0.010 0.022 0.028 0.024 0.024 0.018 0.022 0.044 0.032 0.030 0.018 0.014 0.014 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.313

-3 0.024 0.044 0.046 0.056 0.063 0.050 0.044 0.050 0.050 0.077 0.075 0.067 0.042 0.022 0.022 0.004 0.734

-2 0.060 0.028 0.046 0.052 0.089 0.089 0.107 0.091 0.133 0.194 0.234 0.216 0.184 0.123 0.048 0.016 0.002 1.712

-1 0.192 0.117 0.117 0.099 0.103 0.190 0.163 0.202 0.367 0.706 1.287 2.172 2.392 2.198 1.144 0.335 0.050 0.010 11.845

0 0.395 0.301 0.165 0.155 0.135 0.155 0.391 0.230 0.206 0.690 1.771 5.218 10.692 16.067 18.291 10.395 2.309 0.405 0.044 68.014

1 0.018 0.202 0.103 0.125 0.117 0.159 0.258 0.240 0.294 0.569 1.275 1.880 2.612 2.896 2.158 1.170 0.256 0.030 14.362

2 0.006 0.083 0.060 0.085 0.069 0.121 0.137 0.121 0.117 0.202 0.254 0.272 0.226 0.161 0.077 0.054 0.010 2.055

3 0.060 0.024 0.036 0.060 0.065 0.058 0.077 0.069 0.042 0.020 0.022 0.022 0.014 0.012 0.014 0.002 0.002 0.597

4 0.020 0.018 0.024 0.014 0.010 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.002 0.137

5 0.002 0.010 0.014 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.054

6 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.012

7 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.010

8 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.006

9 0.002 0.002

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.420 0.966 0.605 0.682 0.645 0.805 1.212 1.017 1.085 2.100 4.340 9.028 16.042 21.799 22.902 12.864 2.941 0.492 0.054 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.545

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.848

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.565

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.809 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.480

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.953 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.757

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.374 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.769

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.232 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.809

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.132 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.799

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.142 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.235 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 32.061

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.537 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 16.784

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.238 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.859

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.064 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.624

2.58

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 10.740

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 22.190

48.06

31.15

13.51

4.69

7.70

0.0556

0.1071

1.9627

-10.73

0.421

76.386

11.986

11.208

2.389

2.309

0.027

50,419

364

62.83

0.50

8.62

-0.52

62.08

0.00

90.33

62.34
B-9 

ifornia 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS B Driving (FC=11), No Grade Compensation SAFD 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6 0.011 0.006 0.006 0.023

-5 0.017 0.006 0.023

-4 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.011 0.023 0.011 0.023 0.006 0.017 0.011 0.120

-3 0.006 0.011 0.006 0.006 0.011 0.006 0.017 0.034 0.034 0.063 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.017 0.029 0.006 0.365

-2 0.029 0.011 0.029 0.051 0.051 0.046 0.046 0.034 0.091 0.097 0.108 0.188 0.245 0.171 0.034 0.023 1.255

-1 0.063 0.011 0.017 0.029 0.017 0.074 0.063 0.114 0.217 0.525 1.283 1.979 2.777 3.000 1.546 0.405 0.051 12.171

0 0.262 0.063 0.006 0.040 0.057 0.057 0.029 0.114 0.599 1.819 6.023 11.093 19.676 20.646 10.363 1.871 0.154 72.870

1 0.006 0.040 0.029 0.029 0.006 0.017 0.029 0.103 0.257 0.616 1.392 2.201 3.097 2.886 1.009 0.314 0.040 12.068

2 0.017 0.011 0.011 0.029 0.029 0.023 0.046 0.080 0.103 0.137 0.165 0.097 0.080 0.046 0.873

3 0.011 0.006 0.011 0.006 0.011 0.017 0.017 0.023 0.017 0.023 0.006 0.006 0.154

4 0.006 0.017 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.046

5 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.029

6 0.006 0.006

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.268 0.234 0.046 0.143 0.194 0.120 0.240 0.234 0.490 1.335 3.245 9.051 15.707 25.967 26.822 13.043 2.618 0.245 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.885

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 0.959

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.327

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.247 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.735

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.149 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.322

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.063 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.500

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.034 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.494

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.029 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.362

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.442 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 33.735

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.207 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 16.632

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.080 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.685

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.052 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.527

1.76

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 12.338

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 26.082

51.05

30.84

12.62

3.74

7.24

0.0479

0.0979

1.5836

-6.34

0.268

77.535

10.654

11.543

2.721

2.519

0.010

17,534

116

64.91

0.40

5.78

-0.44

64.81

0.00

86.47

64.99
B-10 

ifornia 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS C Driving (FC=11), No Grade Compensation SAFD 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.004 0.004

-8 0.004 0.004

-7 0.007 0.007

-6 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.022

-5 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.011 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.004 0.011 0.011 0.015 0.011 0.004 0.122

-4 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.019 0.030 0.022 0.026 0.030 0.015 0.015 0.033 0.033 0.007 0.004 0.004 0.259

-3 0.004 0.019 0.015 0.004 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.030 0.052 0.048 0.063 0.081 0.059 0.056 0.026 0.007 0.518

-2 0.022 0.004 0.007 0.011 0.011 0.048 0.056 0.078 0.096 0.137 0.326 0.307 0.230 0.118 0.037 0.015 0.004 1.507

-1 0.004 0.067 0.011 0.022 0.019 0.063 0.070 0.100 0.141 0.285 0.881 1.766 2.355 2.625 2.651 1.052 0.126 0.037 12.274

0 0.074 0.081 0.004 0.052 0.067 0.126 0.067 0.107 0.348 0.485 2.407 6.946 11.152 15.755 23.767 8.412 0.915 0.037 0.004 70.805

1 0.007 0.044 0.022 0.011 0.007 0.030 0.052 0.048 0.107 0.211 0.977 2.473 2.881 2.747 2.540 0.789 0.093 0.015 0.004 13.059

2 0.015 0.004 0.007 0.026 0.007 0.015 0.030 0.089 0.096 0.133 0.185 0.200 0.122 0.007 0.022 0.011 0.004 0.974

3 0.007 0.007 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.011 0.022 0.011 0.026 0.041 0.041 0.044 0.041 0.011 0.007 0.289

4 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.011 0.007 0.007 0.004 0.015 0.007 0.067

5 0.007 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.004 0.011 0.041

6 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.011 0.030

7 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.015

8 0.004 0.004

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.085 0.255 0.089 0.130 0.130 0.300 0.304 0.396 0.785 1.270 4.625 11.804 17.051 21.723 29.347 10.382 1.203 0.111 0.011 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.477

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.430

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.134

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.213 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.005

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.265 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.556

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.064 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.642

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.022 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.560

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.015 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.422

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.019 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.448 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 35.351

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.172 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 16.066

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.075 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 3.746

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.052 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.550

2.18

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 12.828

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 24.364

49.03

32.31

12.80

3.69

6.03

0.0516

0.1011

2.2518

-8.65

0.085

78.140

10.486

11.289

2.071

1.949

0.011

27,008

231

63.77

0.42

7.51

-0.48

63.76

0.00

91.73

63.81
B-11 

ifornia 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS D Driving (FC=11), No Grade Compensation SAFD 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.005 0.005

-10

-9 0.005 0.005

-8 0.005 0.005 0.010

-7 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.025

-6 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.030

-5 0.005 0.020 0.015 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.098

-4 0.005 0.030 0.025 0.025 0.039 0.020 0.034 0.025 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.020 0.241

-3 0.044 0.054 0.049 0.054 0.039 0.044 0.054 0.059 0.084 0.030 0.044 0.054 0.015 0.039 0.010 0.005 0.679

-2 0.098 0.094 0.118 0.143 0.079 0.123 0.133 0.177 0.212 0.182 0.162 0.172 0.187 0.118 0.030 0.005 2.033

-1 0.231 0.084 0.202 0.286 0.310 0.369 0.374 0.487 0.724 1.068 1.162 1.551 3.087 1.364 0.369 0.044 11.713

0 0.862 0.276 0.158 0.359 0.522 0.542 0.596 0.369 1.039 2.782 4.003 5.372 9.700 22.590 14.077 3.245 0.153 66.642

1 0.015 0.177 0.158 0.222 0.241 0.369 0.443 0.551 0.753 1.157 1.645 1.940 2.334 3.806 1.379 0.305 0.020 15.515

2 0.010 0.094 0.079 0.217 0.148 0.084 0.128 0.148 0.143 0.202 0.310 0.231 0.231 0.192 0.074 0.020 2.309

3 0.005 0.059 0.054 0.039 0.010 0.015 0.010 0.025 0.034 0.039 0.034 0.034 0.015 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.433

4 0.020 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.103

5 0.020 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.079

6 0.015 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.064

7 0.005 0.005

8 0.005 0.005 0.010

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.891 1.044 0.734 1.270 1.457 1.487 1.763 1.733 2.762 5.209 7.307 8.986 14.101 29.956 17.075 3.998 0.226 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 10.894

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.744

Bin 1 % (idle) 1.139

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.554 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.818

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.469 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.659

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.749 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.638

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.495 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.858

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.140 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.008

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.060 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.103 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 29.685

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.510 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 11.545

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.165 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.813

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.135 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.009

2.40

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 10.022

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 22.686

47.10

32.76

13.82

3.92

3.77

0.0545

0.1029

2.0615

-10.94

0.891

78.735

10.832

9.542

1.101

1.155

0.056

20,310

293

57.79

0.51

7.83

-0.53

57.18

0.00

80.82

57.70
B-12 

ifornia 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS E Driving (FC=11), No Grade Compensation SAFD (

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17 0.005 0.005

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.005 0.005

-10

-9 0.005 0.005

-8

-7 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.021

-6 0.005 0.010 0.021 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.072

-5 0.010 0.005 0.026 0.015 0.015 0.010 0.015 0.021 0.010 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.154

-4 0.026 0.031 0.062 0.051 0.062 0.036 0.021 0.015 0.026 0.026 0.046 0.026 0.026 0.010 0.463

-3 0.087 0.087 0.113 0.113 0.093 0.067 0.077 0.067 0.062 0.077 0.077 0.087 0.093 0.041 0.005 1.147

-2 0.154 0.247 0.386 0.401 0.273 0.314 0.201 0.129 0.093 0.216 0.406 0.314 0.159 0.062 0.015 3.368

-1 0.005 0.401 0.648 1.085 1.028 1.044 0.638 0.761 0.540 0.463 0.802 2.103 2.751 1.738 0.293 0.046 14.347

0 0.175 0.879 1.219 1.959 2.062 1.897 1.543 1.687 1.136 1.471 2.648 9.564 16.440 10.819 0.931 0.324 0.026 54.780

1 0.026 0.586 0.812 1.095 0.998 1.111 1.070 1.275 1.003 1.142 2.000 3.574 3.949 1.815 0.144 0.041 20.641

2 0.190 0.314 0.442 0.375 0.324 0.293 0.309 0.375 0.262 0.309 0.432 0.278 0.098 0.026 4.026

3 0.067 0.067 0.113 0.087 0.036 0.031 0.051 0.041 0.067 0.036 0.021 0.010 0.031 0.658

4 0.021 0.026 0.005 0.021 0.026 0.026 0.010 0.005 0.026 0.036 0.010 0.211

5 0.015 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.046

6 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.015

7 0.005 0.005 0.010

8 0.005 0.005

9 0.005 0.005

10 0.010 0.010

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18 0.005 0.005

19

20

Totals 0.206 2.437 3.471 5.286 5.188 4.900 4.042 4.417 3.337 3.646 6.186 16.254 23.875 14.789 1.507 0.432 0.026 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 7.769

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 3.026

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.386

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.686 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.839

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.319 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.801

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.020 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.026

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.257 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.973

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.402 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.394

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.188 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.619 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 19.504

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.908 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 6.067

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.224 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.664

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.151 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.668

2.58

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 11.116

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 20.762

45.27

32.77

14.75

4.63

4.04

0.0575

0.1051

3.1457

-17.33

0.206

78.783

10.943

10.068

0.909

1.170

0.064

19,447

277

46.29

0.65

17.70

-0.71

46.61

0.00

78.10

46.70
B-13 

lifornia 2000 Urban Principal Arterial Interstate LOS F Driving (FC=11), No Grade Compensation SAFD (

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.002 0.002

-12

-11

-10 0.002 0.002

-9 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.022

-8 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.037

-7 0.002 0.007 0.011 0.009 0.007 0.009 0.007 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.063

-6 0.009 0.011 0.022 0.015 0.033 0.015 0.007 0.013 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.136

-5 0.007 0.046 0.048 0.046 0.039 0.044 0.028 0.017 0.013 0.017 0.004 0.002 0.313

-4 0.063 0.074 0.103 0.092 0.103 0.061 0.050 0.046 0.031 0.022 0.013 0.004 0.663

-3 0.186 0.286 0.247 0.212 0.232 0.164 0.142 0.125 0.090 0.048 0.046 0.026 0.009 1.813

-2 0.007 0.787 0.894 0.862 0.783 0.612 0.553 0.381 0.289 0.227 0.133 0.079 0.037 0.024 5.668

-1 0.011 3.153 2.644 2.266 2.036 2.018 1.513 1.211 0.800 0.573 0.553 0.286 0.140 0.083 0.028 17.317

0 2.467 7.437 5.581 4.645 3.969 4.085 3.464 2.528 2.106 1.975 1.784 1.032 0.450 0.227 0.024 41.774

1 0.092 3.851 2.965 2.583 2.644 2.690 2.311 1.962 1.612 1.292 1.058 0.485 0.188 0.052 0.007 23.792

2 0.007 1.061 0.969 1.091 0.905 0.770 0.595 0.400 0.230 0.129 0.092 0.046 0.013 6.307

3 0.321 0.300 0.245 0.203 0.122 0.101 0.066 0.037 0.024 0.011 0.002 1.432

4 0.070 0.083 0.074 0.052 0.035 0.015 0.033 0.017 0.007 0.002 0.389

5 0.020 0.026 0.022 0.017 0.011 0.011 0.015 0.007 0.011 0.004 0.144

6 0.002 0.024 0.022 0.011 0.011 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.081

7 0.007 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.017

8 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.013

9 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.007

10

11 0.002 0.002

12

13 0.004 0.004

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.585 16.996 13.912 12.246 11.006 10.783 8.872 6.838 5.314 4.382 3.735 2.005 0.868 0.398 0.059 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.132

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 5.116

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.458

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 17.237 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.827

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 25.392 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.928

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.720 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.695

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.021 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.213

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.987 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.736

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.507 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.416 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.233

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.575 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.483

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.145 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.108

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.136 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.029

1.00

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.384

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.654

46.54

39.12

10.50

2.84

12.20

0.0395

0.0739

1.7925

-13.28

2.585

79.816

8.636

8.964

1.866

5.150

0.829

45,729

148

22.40

0.86

13.48

-0.95

21.74

0.00

70.60

22.32
B-14 

ornia 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS A Driving (FC=12), No Grade Compensation SAFD 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.001 0.001

-13 0.001 0.001

-12

-11 0.001 0.001

-10 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.007

-9 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.007

-8 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.017

-7 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.003 0.006 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.030

-6 0.008 0.011 0.015 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.100

-5 0.005 0.022 0.040 0.053 0.063 0.047 0.039 0.038 0.021 0.008 0.008 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.350

-4 0.017 0.079 0.102 0.096 0.094 0.081 0.093 0.050 0.049 0.031 0.011 0.015 0.007 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.733

-3 0.001 0.077 0.134 0.094 0.121 0.128 0.180 0.128 0.140 0.093 0.079 0.070 0.047 0.029 0.022 0.013 0.003 1.358

-2 0.246 0.109 0.102 0.124 0.150 0.172 0.244 0.279 0.251 0.211 0.174 0.174 0.136 0.073 0.032 0.009 2.486

-1 0.650 0.150 0.085 0.129 0.184 0.276 0.439 0.558 0.852 0.841 0.979 1.277 1.624 1.580 0.752 0.174 0.031 10.581

0 5.566 1.540 0.157 0.090 0.145 0.295 0.451 0.800 1.423 2.542 2.615 3.166 7.400 14.400 16.971 7.711 1.531 0.160 0.010 66.976

1 0.060 0.547 0.106 0.124 0.199 0.322 0.401 0.696 0.981 1.201 1.151 1.205 1.561 1.723 1.470 0.672 0.135 0.032 12.587

2 0.008 0.220 0.061 0.081 0.173 0.222 0.324 0.317 0.278 0.226 0.199 0.195 0.176 0.117 0.057 0.031 0.002 0.001 2.689

3 0.002 0.187 0.074 0.116 0.159 0.192 0.135 0.120 0.077 0.058 0.044 0.023 0.013 0.014 0.010 0.006 0.003 1.233

4 0.002 0.120 0.092 0.098 0.084 0.047 0.038 0.022 0.023 0.014 0.014 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.573

5 0.032 0.063 0.037 0.017 0.009 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.001 0.187

6 0.009 0.017 0.014 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.055

7 0.005 0.007 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.018

8 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.007

9 0.001 0.001 0.002

10

11 0.001 0.001

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 5.640 3.657 1.086 1.004 1.329 1.734 2.138 2.929 3.867 5.314 5.205 5.845 10.677 18.059 20.197 9.222 1.861 0.226 0.010 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 10.085

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 3.650

Bin 1 % (idle) 6.696

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.628 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.966

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.812 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.958

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.655 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.509

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.457 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.674

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.372 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.190

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.566 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.378 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 28.010

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.896 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 11.761

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.274 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.848

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.164 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.091

2.59

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 7.575

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 16.871

50.85

31.13

11.16

4.28

8.46

0.0500

0.1017

2.2034

-13.97

5.640

73.486

10.346

10.528

2.508

2.821

0.145

87,328

516

58.22

0.60

11.05

-0.65

53.35

0.00

88.19

56.54
B-15 

ornia 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS B Driving (FC=12), No Grade Compensation SAFD 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.003 0.003

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8 0.003 0.003

-7 0.003 0.003

-6 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.008 0.003 0.005 0.041

-5 0.003 0.003 0.011 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.011 0.014 0.008 0.008 0.005 0.082

-4 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.014 0.022 0.022 0.019 0.030 0.030 0.011 0.014 0.005 0.188

-3 0.005 0.008 0.008 0.014 0.005 0.014 0.019 0.014 0.035 0.071 0.057 0.041 0.019 0.005 0.008 0.324

-2 0.003 0.011 0.014 0.014 0.008 0.016 0.046 0.090 0.109 0.169 0.239 0.269 0.150 0.030 0.005 1.173

-1 0.024 0.041 0.041 0.044 0.022 0.024 0.016 0.101 0.147 0.397 1.116 1.986 3.205 2.634 1.167 0.220 0.003 11.188

0 0.033 0.041 0.057 0.101 0.144 0.035 0.046 0.033 0.139 0.269 0.890 3.967 10.072 24.650 22.308 10.402 1.744 0.044 74.974

1 0.038 0.038 0.060 0.046 0.016 0.024 0.052 0.101 0.169 0.433 1.083 2.079 3.243 2.457 0.977 0.147 0.003 10.965

2 0.008 0.011 0.014 0.019 0.011 0.003 0.033 0.063 0.073 0.076 0.133 0.185 0.139 0.068 0.016 0.003 0.854

3 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.019 0.024 0.022 0.033 0.019 0.005 0.005 0.152

4 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.019

5 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.022

6 0.003 0.003 0.005

7 0.003 0.003

8

9

10 0.003 0.003

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.033 0.122 0.169 0.248 0.297 0.120 0.133 0.188 0.517 0.816 2.005 6.612 14.692 31.591 27.662 12.614 2.128 0.054 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 13.009

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.010

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.044

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.235 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.531

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.421 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.233

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.109 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.208

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.038 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.268

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.008 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.249

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.022 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.326 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 37.958

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.186 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 16.576

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.025 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.388

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.038 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.144

1.57

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 10.844

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 25.141

50.70

32.74

11.52

3.47

8.36

0.0455

0.0923

2.7926

-13.14

0.033

78.974

9.964

11.030

3.339

3.063

0.002

36,754

200

65.57

0.38

9.70

-0.43

65.42

0.00

85.06

65.44
B-16 

ornia 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS C Driving (FC=12), No Grade Compensation SAFD 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.003 0.003

-10 0.003 0.003

-9 0.003 0.003 0.006

-8 0.009 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.009 0.015 0.003 0.046

-7 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.003 0.003 0.027

-6 0.006 0.003 0.006 0.009 0.006 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.015 0.012 0.006 0.009 0.003 0.101

-5 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.009 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.031 0.018 0.009 0.015 0.012 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.174

-4 0.003 0.006 0.015 0.024 0.027 0.021 0.034 0.027 0.037 0.058 0.027 0.040 0.031 0.018 0.015 0.384

-3 0.006 0.018 0.012 0.015 0.012 0.043 0.037 0.067 0.064 0.070 0.107 0.064 0.052 0.064 0.037 0.012 0.003 0.003 0.686

-2 0.024 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.043 0.024 0.058 0.076 0.131 0.180 0.268 0.296 0.253 0.168 0.070 0.024 0.006 0.003 1.681

-1 0.052 0.052 0.040 0.082 0.073 0.110 0.113 0.226 0.308 0.668 1.461 2.554 3.109 2.377 0.802 0.131 0.034 0.003 12.195

0 0.085 0.043 0.031 0.049 0.052 0.049 0.159 0.171 0.378 0.671 2.359 5.620 13.208 20.946 19.896 5.422 0.818 0.119 0.003 70.078

1 0.003 0.021 0.021 0.027 0.064 0.085 0.082 0.088 0.204 0.452 0.921 1.657 2.834 3.082 2.468 0.729 0.131 0.049 12.921

2 0.003 0.018 0.012 0.037 0.037 0.052 0.043 0.064 0.052 0.110 0.217 0.207 0.235 0.131 0.034 0.018 0.006 1.275

3 0.012 0.012 0.015 0.009 0.012 0.003 0.021 0.012 0.003 0.027 0.027 0.037 0.052 0.021 0.009 0.006 0.281

4 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.009 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.015 0.003 0.076

5 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.027

6 0.003 0.003 0.006

7 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.012

8 0.003 0.003 0.006

9 0.003 0.003

10

11 0.003 0.003

12 0.003 0.003

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.088 0.171 0.186 0.204 0.317 0.348 0.519 0.586 1.092 1.757 4.449 9.434 19.280 27.811 25.193 7.164 1.150 0.235 0.006 0.006 0.003 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 11.884

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 2.095

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.108

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.360 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.147

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.203 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 0.686

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.129 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.797

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.080 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.815

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.058 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.692

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.019 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.818 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 33.815

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.218 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 13.841

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.046 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 3.642

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.037 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.649

2.24

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 12.617

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 26.129

50.23

31.21

12.63

3.69

6.38

0.0512

0.1028

4.3445

-11.00

0.089

76.802

10.987

12.122

2.180

2.077

0.009

32,775

263

63.02

0.43

12.12

-0.53

62.98

0.00

97.70

63.04
B-17 

ornia 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS D Driving (FC=12), No Grade Compensation SAFD 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.003 0.003

-13 0.003 0.003

-12 0.003 0.003 0.007

-11 0.003 0.003

-10 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.010

-9 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.007 0.017

-8 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.017

-7 0.003 0.007 0.010 0.007 0.017 0.003 0.007 0.007 0.010 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.087

-6 0.013 0.007 0.003 0.007 0.010 0.013 0.024 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.003 0.003 0.114

-5 0.003 0.007 0.020 0.010 0.017 0.020 0.034 0.047 0.027 0.017 0.020 0.013 0.003 0.239

-4 0.010 0.024 0.024 0.040 0.044 0.050 0.044 0.057 0.091 0.037 0.037 0.024 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.491

-3 0.007 0.044 0.040 0.054 0.081 0.108 0.108 0.091 0.094 0.128 0.145 0.118 0.081 0.044 0.007 0.007 1.153

-2 0.141 0.175 0.202 0.155 0.188 0.222 0.319 0.346 0.343 0.356 0.303 0.218 0.138 0.047 3.153

-1 0.363 0.259 0.360 0.333 0.333 0.635 0.803 0.800 1.035 1.546 2.023 2.255 2.020 0.827 0.067 0.013 13.673

0 1.445 0.676 0.460 0.860 0.528 0.629 1.133 1.721 2.148 3.119 4.561 8.104 12.285 12.107 7.919 0.403 0.017 58.116

1 0.020 0.410 0.410 0.356 0.343 0.524 0.790 1.166 1.328 1.593 2.568 2.894 2.968 2.561 0.844 0.067 0.003 18.846

2 0.007 0.101 0.097 0.141 0.158 0.245 0.255 0.299 0.306 0.306 0.296 0.316 0.266 0.134 0.047 0.013 2.988

3 0.003 0.074 0.013 0.030 0.040 0.057 0.057 0.067 0.057 0.064 0.074 0.050 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.003 0.652

4 0.044 0.024 0.020 0.020 0.013 0.010 0.027 0.020 0.024 0.013 0.017 0.010 0.010 0.252

5 0.013 0.030 0.027 0.010 0.007 0.003 0.013 0.010 0.007 0.007 0.003 0.131

6 0.003 0.003 0.007 0.007 0.020

7 0.003 0.003

8 0.003 0.003 0.007

9 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.010

10

11 0.003 0.003

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 1.482 1.882 1.570 2.114 1.731 2.195 3.301 4.608 5.260 6.756 9.650 13.919 18.157 17.065 9.711 0.565 0.034 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 8.557

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 3.310

Bin 1 % (idle) 1.799

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.432 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.646

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.905 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.340

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.969 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.208

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.510 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.102

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.191 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.153

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.184 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.140 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 21.599

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.993 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 7.677

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.245 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.048

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.214 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.925

2.81

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 11.650

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 19.759

47.89

30.25

14.12

4.93

4.88

0.0578

0.1108

2.2659

-13.60

1.482

77.544

10.501

10.474

1.195

1.409

0.062

29,751

352

51.57

0.61

10.82

-0.70

50.90

0.00

79.27

51.67
B-18 

ornia 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS E Driving (FC=12), No Grade Compensation SAFD 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.005 0.005

-10 0.005 0.005

-9 0.005 0.005

-8 0.010 0.015 0.005 0.030

-7 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.050

-6 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.025 0.015 0.015 0.025 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.166

-5 0.010 0.010 0.040 0.045 0.040 0.045 0.020 0.005 0.020 0.015 0.020 0.005 0.005 0.283

-4 0.015 0.071 0.081 0.081 0.096 0.050 0.020 0.050 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.020 0.015 0.621

-3 0.076 0.141 0.161 0.242 0.177 0.166 0.166 0.111 0.061 0.131 0.096 0.045 0.035 0.020 1.630

-2 0.177 0.298 0.399 0.363 0.525 0.494 0.388 0.257 0.212 0.277 0.323 0.247 0.116 0.040 0.005 4.122

-1 0.631 0.636 0.787 1.281 1.645 1.609 1.201 0.933 0.711 0.893 1.927 2.200 1.226 0.378 0.045 0.015 16.119

0 0.187 0.994 0.843 1.297 2.396 2.835 3.163 3.113 2.704 2.588 3.799 6.110 8.718 6.644 2.714 0.277 0.010 48.393

1 0.005 0.626 0.595 0.928 1.544 1.821 2.124 2.190 2.063 1.902 2.074 2.487 2.704 1.307 0.267 0.030 0.005 22.673

2 0.005 0.283 0.353 0.399 0.600 0.535 0.469 0.434 0.348 0.298 0.368 0.358 0.222 0.076 0.015 4.763

3 0.071 0.141 0.131 0.076 0.091 0.055 0.061 0.050 0.025 0.040 0.076 0.050 0.020 0.005 0.893

4 0.005 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.146

5 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.040

6 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.035

7 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.020

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.197 2.896 3.148 4.288 6.705 7.810 8.219 7.628 6.569 5.908 7.659 11.453 14.232 9.455 3.446 0.358 0.030 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 6.423

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.337

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.378

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.300 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.786

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.561 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.339

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.401 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.993

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.718 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.395

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.629 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.521

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.215 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.383 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 13.526

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.823 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 4.720

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.246 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.417

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.082 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.731

2.46

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 9.338

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 13.163

45.77

31.66

15.42

4.69

4.31

0.0579

0.1067

1.7083

-10.93

0.197

78.815

10.206

10.782

0.876

1.242

0.077

19,821

266

42.14

0.71

7.27

-0.84

42.33

0.00

79.39

42.41
B-19 

ornia 2000 Urban Prin Art Other Fwys & Expwys LOS F Driving (FC=12), No Grade Compensation SAFD 

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10 0.003 0.003

-9 0.003 0.003

-8 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.035

-7 0.005 0.008 0.008 0.011 0.008 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.052

-6 0.011 0.022 0.019 0.025 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.005 0.106

-5 0.027 0.046 0.052 0.054 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.005 0.003 0.264

-4 0.041 0.131 0.139 0.098 0.117 0.079 0.033 0.022 0.027 0.022 0.022 0.016 0.746

-3 0.218 0.343 0.305 0.300 0.245 0.163 0.133 0.074 0.044 0.057 0.022 0.025 0.005 1.933

-2 0.812 0.831 0.880 0.713 0.517 0.422 0.340 0.261 0.144 0.068 0.046 0.016 0.030 0.005 5.087

-1 0.003 3.290 2.353 2.511 2.271 1.661 1.465 0.812 0.626 0.449 0.327 0.231 0.144 0.084 0.027 16.255

0 3.567 9.354 5.520 5.504 4.371 3.690 3.287 2.157 1.310 1.348 1.348 0.678 0.389 0.291 0.052 42.865

1 0.125 3.989 2.903 3.208 2.990 2.489 2.421 1.582 1.261 1.018 0.629 0.411 0.261 0.079 0.011 23.378

2 0.005 1.400 1.114 1.122 0.929 0.866 0.618 0.406 0.240 0.163 0.090 0.057 0.016 0.005 7.031

3 0.005 0.368 0.373 0.332 0.245 0.136 0.082 0.038 0.033 0.027 0.014 0.016 0.005 1.675

4 0.003 0.090 0.079 0.071 0.038 0.030 0.027 0.016 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.376

5 0.033 0.027 0.030 0.019 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.128

6 0.014 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.027

7 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.019

8 0.008 0.003 0.011

9 0.003 0.003

10 0.003 0.003

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 3.709 19.656 13.760 14.196 12.069 9.790 8.608 5.558 3.856 3.257 2.576 1.498 0.877 0.496 0.095 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.026

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.979

Bin 1 % (idle) 6.163

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 17.568 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.515

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 28.076 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.192

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 8.657 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.946

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.117 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.378

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.148 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.311

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.489 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.866 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.913

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.599 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.561

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.140 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.101

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.085 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.082

0.91

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.995

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.118

46.04

40.24

10.08

2.74

9.29

0.0379

0.0703

1.2901

-10.47

3.709

78.196

9.610

8.485

1.338

4.080

1.126

36,722

150

20.33

0.87

10.14

-0.93

19.67

0.00

72.42

20.43
B-20 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS A Driving (FC=14), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17 0.000 0.000

-16

-15 0.000 0.000

-14

-13

-12 0.001 0.000 0.001

-11 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005

-10 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.005

-9 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.009

-8 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.039

-7 0.002 0.007 0.017 0.020 0.018 0.014 0.012 0.006 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.100

-6 0.007 0.020 0.054 0.072 0.059 0.035 0.024 0.013 0.004 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.292

-5 0.011 0.112 0.212 0.206 0.196 0.123 0.076 0.035 0.020 0.007 0.002 0.000 0.001 1.001

-4 0.099 0.384 0.440 0.444 0.388 0.292 0.187 0.107 0.058 0.014 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.001 2.423

-3 0.000 0.445 0.553 0.512 0.580 0.573 0.550 0.391 0.243 0.119 0.060 0.016 0.004 0.000 0.001 0.000 4.049

-2 0.001 0.994 0.431 0.430 0.518 0.649 0.704 0.700 0.532 0.309 0.156 0.063 0.020 0.006 0.004 5.517

-1 0.003 1.575 0.261 0.383 0.503 0.758 1.098 1.498 1.609 1.412 0.816 0.438 0.231 0.090 0.052 0.010 0.001 10.737

0 17.545 2.121 0.311 0.490 0.751 1.275 2.630 4.053 5.070 4.765 3.003 2.068 2.343 0.883 0.427 0.112 0.004 47.852

1 0.274 1.166 0.275 0.559 0.823 1.225 1.799 2.321 2.197 1.650 0.912 0.446 0.208 0.106 0.057 0.007 0.000 14.024

2 0.064 0.946 0.359 0.683 0.876 1.025 1.004 0.742 0.482 0.237 0.097 0.041 0.015 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.000 6.585

3 0.013 0.948 0.519 0.659 0.752 0.619 0.383 0.215 0.102 0.035 0.010 0.007 0.004 0.003 0.001 4.270

4 0.007 0.612 0.501 0.377 0.294 0.198 0.101 0.035 0.013 0.007 0.004 0.002 0.000 2.151

5 0.004 0.154 0.219 0.133 0.087 0.043 0.020 0.014 0.008 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.687

6 0.000 0.030 0.053 0.040 0.014 0.010 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.154

7 0.000 0.015 0.021 0.009 0.006 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.056

8 0.001 0.009 0.007 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.026

9 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.008

10 0.002 0.001 0.003

11 0.000 0.001 0.001

12 0.000 0.000 0.001

13 0.000 0.000

14

15

16

17 0.000 0.000

18

19

20

Totals 17.914 9.140 4.046 5.010 5.962 7.053 8.765 10.275 10.419 8.627 5.082 3.090 2.829 1.101 0.548 0.132 0.006 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.718

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 10.489

Bin 1 % (idle) 20.576

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.607 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.641

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.385 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.563

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.958 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.964

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.554 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.913

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.923 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.708

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.205 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.667 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.464

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.507 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.592

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.379 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.154

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.135 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.082

2.89

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 2.227

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 4.309

55.30

24.92

11.43

5.46

6.88

0.0508

0.1137

1.8154

-16.62

17.914

54.030

14.231

13.826

0.969

2.256

1.216

204,543

1,511

36.02

1.23

17.32

-1.34

25.78

0.00

81.47

31.41
B-21 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS B Driving (FC=14), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.037

-9 0.012 0.012 0.024

-8 0.024 0.012 0.012 0.049

-7 0.061 0.012 0.037 0.024 0.012 0.012 0.159

-6 0.049 0.024 0.073 0.085 0.073 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.342

-5 0.049 0.110 0.134 0.073 0.207 0.171 0.122 0.024 0.012 0.012 0.915

-4 0.024 0.146 0.232 0.488 0.342 0.427 0.256 0.171 0.098 0.037 0.012 2.233

-3 0.220 0.281 0.268 0.378 0.696 0.635 0.769 0.415 0.183 0.122 0.012 0.012 3.991

-2 0.366 0.122 0.330 0.342 0.488 1.001 1.184 0.866 0.391 0.183 0.061 0.122 0.061 0.098 5.614

-1 0.012 0.464 0.085 0.354 0.427 0.659 1.513 3.039 2.502 1.538 0.744 0.696 0.378 0.464 0.378 0.073 13.327

0 3.307 0.635 0.134 0.464 0.403 1.306 3.661 7.762 9.434 5.004 2.392 1.635 0.647 2.392 1.587 0.659 0.073 41.494

1 0.146 0.415 0.195 0.342 0.464 1.196 3.381 5.126 3.454 1.770 0.879 0.500 0.195 0.305 0.415 0.012 18.794

2 0.037 0.403 0.085 0.427 0.610 1.135 1.648 1.391 0.866 0.378 0.232 0.061 0.037 0.024 7.335

3 0.415 0.220 0.391 0.561 0.757 0.500 0.159 0.146 0.098 0.049 0.049 0.012 3.356

4 0.232 0.195 0.183 0.330 0.268 0.134 0.024 0.024 1.391

5 0.110 0.110 0.146 0.146 0.049 0.049 0.024 0.635

6 0.037 0.110 0.037 0.012 0.195

7 0.012 0.037 0.012 0.061

8 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.037

9

10 0.012 0.012

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 3.503 3.393 1.892 3.405 4.357 7.274 13.229 19.893 17.928 9.495 4.662 3.027 1.403 3.246 2.477 0.744 0.073 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 3.851

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 10.423

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.533

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.329 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 11.270

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.267 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 9.900

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.432 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 12.391

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.507 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 11.382

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.295 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 7.223

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.055 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 6.750 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.661

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.055 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.918

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.486 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.399

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.224 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.237

3.89

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 3.238

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 3.026

49.65

25.84

14.06

6.57

3.16

0.0632

0.1256

0.7077

-10.40

3.503

67.928

13.913

14.657

0.488

0.833

0.388

8,194

164

39.01

1.10

10.31

-1.26

35.15

0.00

78.01

36.42
B-22 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS C Driving (FC=14), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.034

-8 0.023 0.011 0.011 0.034 0.023 0.011 0.115

-7 0.011 0.057 0.057 0.034 0.034 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.230

-6 0.023 0.069 0.092 0.092 0.057 0.046 0.034 0.414

-5 0.023 0.138 0.310 0.287 0.218 0.207 0.103 0.057 0.023 0.023 0.011 1.402

-4 0.138 0.333 0.506 0.586 0.552 0.310 0.287 0.069 0.069 0.011 0.034 2.896

-3 0.011 0.391 0.563 0.529 0.724 0.862 0.735 0.483 0.322 0.092 0.069 0.046 4.826

-2 0.919 0.517 0.609 0.701 1.092 1.092 0.735 0.689 0.264 0.057 0.057 0.046 0.023 0.011 6.814

-1 0.011 1.482 0.276 0.529 0.770 1.471 2.229 2.126 1.942 0.919 0.448 0.264 0.299 0.184 0.080 13.030

0 7.641 1.942 0.322 0.724 1.046 2.287 3.596 5.469 4.918 2.528 1.574 1.126 1.252 0.839 0.230 0.184 35.677

1 0.218 1.057 0.356 0.597 0.965 2.378 2.964 2.700 2.218 1.413 0.586 0.540 0.414 0.241 0.138 0.034 16.822

2 0.011 0.919 0.345 0.735 1.023 1.735 1.551 1.034 0.666 0.253 0.103 0.069 0.069 8.514

3 0.011 0.850 0.471 0.643 0.931 0.885 0.540 0.356 0.126 0.080 0.034 0.011 0.011 4.952

4 0.023 0.620 0.471 0.448 0.517 0.345 0.230 0.080 0.023 2.758

5 0.207 0.276 0.230 0.172 0.069 0.023 0.023 0.011 0.011 1.023

6 0.046 0.126 0.069 0.023 0.011 0.011 0.287

7 0.034 0.034 0.023 0.034 0.126

8 0.046 0.011 0.057

9 0.023 0.023

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 7.928 8.629 4.366 6.090 7.940 12.076 13.605 13.478 11.088 5.676 2.907 2.160 2.091 1.287 0.460 0.218 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.687

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.981

Bin 1 % (idle) 10.258

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.962 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 10.458

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.270 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.324

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.275 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 7.840

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.923 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 7.817

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.207 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.883

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.322 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.434 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.136

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.066 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.986

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.657 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.282

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.258 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.141

4.58

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.585

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.937

51.26

24.00

13.14

7.01

3.05

0.0642

0.1318

1.3086

-9.28

7.928

56.268

18.522

17.281

0.359

0.793

1.080

8,703

183

32.99

1.39

9.27

-1.53

27.20

0.00

74.53

29.54
B-23 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS D Driving (FC=14), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.001 0.001 0.002

-13 0.001 0.001 0.002

-12

-11 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.010

-10 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.011

-9 0.001 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.002 0.005 0.001 0.022

-8 0.005 0.007 0.014 0.011 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.047

-7 0.002 0.009 0.018 0.028 0.021 0.020 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.111

-6 0.003 0.024 0.058 0.069 0.056 0.041 0.020 0.010 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.288

-5 0.016 0.105 0.160 0.167 0.145 0.085 0.054 0.018 0.010 0.007 0.001 0.002 0.770

-4 0.002 0.112 0.308 0.371 0.391 0.338 0.288 0.146 0.073 0.026 0.012 0.003 0.001 0.001 2.071

-3 0.002 0.437 0.541 0.529 0.605 0.545 0.437 0.324 0.179 0.092 0.019 0.010 0.004 3.724

-2 0.003 1.035 0.513 0.520 0.649 0.659 0.675 0.618 0.428 0.213 0.097 0.018 0.008 0.004 5.439

-1 0.008 1.835 0.445 0.595 0.771 1.092 1.456 1.577 1.550 1.153 0.601 0.231 0.044 0.011 0.001 11.370

0 19.880 3.006 0.443 0.773 1.111 2.090 3.616 4.365 4.482 3.798 2.112 0.879 0.176 0.051 0.005 46.787

1 0.223 1.563 0.411 0.836 1.247 1.941 2.395 2.478 2.116 1.486 0.628 0.215 0.037 0.009 0.001 15.586

2 0.030 1.115 0.446 0.796 1.138 1.160 0.970 0.721 0.439 0.202 0.066 0.010 0.004 7.097

3 0.010 0.970 0.461 0.691 0.649 0.496 0.313 0.144 0.067 0.018 0.003 0.005 0.002 0.001 3.829

4 0.004 0.600 0.497 0.350 0.235 0.146 0.082 0.029 0.018 0.005 0.002 0.003 1.972

5 0.003 0.132 0.193 0.132 0.060 0.037 0.017 0.007 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.586

6 0.001 0.049 0.060 0.027 0.014 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.164

7 0.001 0.026 0.023 0.013 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.079

8 0.008 0.008 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.024

9 0.003 0.004 0.006

10 0.003 0.001 0.004

11 0.001 0.001

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 20.166 10.914 4.497 5.892 7.164 8.755 10.412 10.504 9.388 7.015 3.552 1.375 0.278 0.079 0.007 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.114

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 9.500

Bin 1 % (idle) 23.584

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.217 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.030

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.868 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.610

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.878 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 8.394

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.126 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.982

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.143 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.789

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.873 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.301 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.547

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.199 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.154

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.291 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.037

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.108 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.020

2.28

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.028

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.320

53.84

27.26

11.83

4.79

6.87

0.0476

0.1030

1.9092

-13.74

20.166

53.529

13.759

12.546

0.871

2.407

1.484

109,307

757

30.60

1.20

11.21

-1.31

21.72

0.00

69.33

27.21
B-24 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS E Driving (FC=14), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.014 0.014 0.029

-10 0.014 0.014

-9 0.014 0.014 0.029

-8 0.014 0.014

-7 0.014 0.029 0.014 0.058 0.029 0.014 0.159

-6 0.029 0.058 0.058 0.101 0.072 0.029 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.390

-5 0.029 0.217 0.217 0.188 0.159 0.145 0.116 0.029 0.014 1.113

-4 0.159 0.448 0.549 0.592 0.405 0.231 0.159 0.058 0.014 0.014 2.630

-3 0.014 0.723 0.853 0.723 0.766 0.607 0.607 0.246 0.145 0.072 4.754

-2 1.329 0.347 0.448 0.650 0.723 0.853 0.824 0.434 0.217 0.087 0.029 5.939

-1 0.058 2.355 0.246 0.535 0.578 0.896 1.416 1.676 1.647 1.040 0.231 0.072 10.751

0 26.156 3.902 0.217 0.780 0.954 1.185 2.587 2.948 2.572 2.717 0.824 0.231 45.072

1 0.390 1.951 0.419 0.968 1.127 1.243 1.893 1.879 1.734 1.185 0.347 0.043 13.179

2 0.014 1.373 0.535 0.867 1.185 1.185 1.040 0.882 0.275 0.116 0.014 7.486

3 0.014 1.402 0.564 0.838 0.665 0.535 0.405 0.159 0.058 4.639

4 0.795 0.419 0.491 0.246 0.202 0.130 0.014 2.298

5 0.289 0.318 0.202 0.116 0.058 0.014 0.997

6 0.029 0.130 0.058 0.029 0.014 0.014 0.275

7 0.014 0.029 0.043 0.014 0.101

8 0.029 0.029 0.014 0.014 0.087

9 0.029 0.029

10 0.014 0.014

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 26.662 14.451 4.870 6.806 7.254 7.341 9.408 8.916 6.994 5.405 1.517 0.376 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 1.254

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.242

Bin 1 % (idle) 32.151

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.278 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.829

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.143 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.618

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.929 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.102

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.196 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.633

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.419 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.856

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.360 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.193 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.161

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.012 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.029

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.308 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.029 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

2.43

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.235

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.279

57.64

23.92

10.77

5.25

3.15

0.0451

0.1064

0.8155

-11.42

26.662

42.399

15.882

15.058

0.335

1.165

2.773

6,920

99

26.98

1.42

10.04

-1.57

17.26

0.00

56.33

23.53
B-25 

California 2000 Urban Other Principal Arterial LOS F Driving (FC=14), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.004 0.004 0.009

-10 0.009 0.004 0.013

-9 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.018

-8 0.013 0.031 0.004 0.004 0.053

-7 0.013 0.026 0.035 0.018 0.004 0.013 0.110

-6 0.018 0.031 0.093 0.075 0.053 0.018 0.286

-5 0.018 0.167 0.163 0.181 0.145 0.048 0.031 0.013 0.767

-4 0.150 0.286 0.300 0.269 0.220 0.119 0.062 0.026 0.013 0.004 0.004 1.454

-3 0.004 0.586 0.551 0.560 0.370 0.348 0.251 0.132 0.044 0.018 0.004 2.869

-2 0.013 1.490 0.846 0.564 0.449 0.449 0.427 0.185 0.075 0.040 0.022 0.009 4.570

-1 0.004 4.226 0.930 1.088 0.842 0.692 0.701 0.665 0.348 0.154 0.084 0.044 0.026 0.026 0.004 9.836

0 37.974 8.655 1.454 1.481 1.172 1.040 1.397 1.432 0.771 0.361 0.123 0.066 0.449 0.278 0.022 56.676

1 0.317 3.843 0.899 1.163 1.291 1.326 1.036 0.683 0.383 0.137 0.075 0.040 0.079 0.048 11.321

2 0.071 1.727 0.784 0.925 0.842 0.696 0.449 0.229 0.110 0.009 0.009 0.004 0.004 5.861

3 0.031 1.199 0.639 0.533 0.423 0.251 0.106 0.071 0.013 0.009 3.274

4 0.026 0.643 0.410 0.278 0.159 0.097 0.062 0.018 0.004 0.004 0.004 1.705

5 0.004 0.207 0.273 0.137 0.062 0.026 0.022 0.009 0.009 0.749

6 0.101 0.115 0.044 0.026 0.009 0.004 0.300

7 0.022 0.018 0.013 0.004 0.004 0.062

8 0.009 0.013 0.009 0.004 0.004 0.040

9 0.009 0.004 0.013

10 0.009 0.009

11 0.004 0.004

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 38.445 22.902 7.456 7.421 6.218 5.372 4.658 3.539 1.802 0.749 0.326 0.172 0.560 0.353 0.026 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.770

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 7.525

Bin 1 % (idle) 46.327

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 10.407 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.824

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 11.790 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.886

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.936 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.184

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.997 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.806

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.525 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.250

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.517 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.214 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.369

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.374 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.111

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.111 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.036

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.076 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.009

1.33

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.214

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.516

61.77

27.65

6.79

2.47

3.06

0.0277

0.0725

1.5007

-11.11

38.445

39.353

12.013

10.189

0.292

1.836

5.183

22,692

206

15.62

1.24

11.15

-1.28

9.55

0.00

68.47

15.51
B-26 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS A Driving (FC=16), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17 0.001 0.001

-16

-15

-14 0.001 0.001

-13 0.001 0.001

-12 0.001 0.001 0.002

-11 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.007

-10 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.007

-9 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.012

-8 0.002 0.009 0.009 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.041

-7 0.001 0.010 0.020 0.018 0.024 0.013 0.008 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.100

-6 0.005 0.027 0.069 0.105 0.064 0.048 0.029 0.017 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.376

-5 0.016 0.140 0.298 0.293 0.239 0.155 0.079 0.040 0.019 0.009 0.003 0.001 0.001 1.292

-4 0.001 0.105 0.447 0.510 0.511 0.503 0.371 0.232 0.129 0.059 0.027 0.012 0.003 2.910

-3 0.001 0.456 0.582 0.496 0.618 0.620 0.600 0.441 0.273 0.148 0.074 0.026 0.013 0.002 0.001 0.001 4.352

-2 0.004 0.944 0.349 0.366 0.456 0.638 0.760 0.707 0.519 0.336 0.161 0.087 0.031 0.007 0.001 0.001 5.367

-1 0.003 1.472 0.253 0.370 0.492 0.758 1.216 1.594 1.615 1.293 0.878 0.461 0.208 0.066 0.018 0.001 10.700

0 12.749 1.937 0.279 0.508 0.762 1.625 3.321 4.972 5.697 4.319 3.625 2.153 1.881 0.723 0.381 0.119 45.051

1 0.249 1.092 0.304 0.610 0.778 1.375 2.189 2.498 2.123 1.574 0.939 0.498 0.206 0.053 0.018 0.002 14.508

2 0.076 0.977 0.453 0.764 0.915 1.128 1.125 0.850 0.512 0.263 0.133 0.045 0.012 0.002 0.001 7.256

3 0.015 0.943 0.559 0.780 0.889 0.706 0.451 0.233 0.127 0.043 0.015 0.006 0.003 4.770

4 0.005 0.581 0.502 0.419 0.367 0.242 0.119 0.061 0.019 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 2.328

5 0.002 0.136 0.218 0.146 0.082 0.041 0.021 0.008 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.659

6 0.001 0.040 0.061 0.038 0.016 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.169

7 0.001 0.015 0.014 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.042

8 0.001 0.008 0.012 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.028

9 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.013

10 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.005

11 0.001 0.001

12 0.001 0.001

13 0.001 0.001 0.001

14 0.001 0.001

15 0.001 0.001

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 13.108 8.735 4.222 5.416 6.324 7.991 10.404 11.716 11.086 8.074 5.871 3.297 2.359 0.854 0.420 0.124 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.774

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 11.638

Bin 1 % (idle) 15.143

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.345 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.912

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.689 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.621

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.168 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 9.060

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.652 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 7.447

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.155 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.844

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.475 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.931 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.459

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.672 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.583

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.506 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.117

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.156 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.048

3.34

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 2.263

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 4.119

53.01

25.83

11.91

5.91

6.68

0.0551

0.1173

1.3534

-17.06

13.108

56.685

15.451

14.756

0.916

2.022

0.997

171,745

1,416

35.90

1.26

14.70

-1.42

27.17

0.00

77.35

31.27
B-27 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS B Driving (FC=16), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12 0.013 0.013

-11 0.013 0.013

-10

-9 0.013 0.013 0.027

-8 0.013 0.067 0.027 0.013 0.121

-7 0.013 0.027 0.040 0.121 0.027 0.067 0.027 0.322

-6 0.054 0.121 0.107 0.121 0.121 0.081 0.013 0.013 0.631

-5 0.013 0.201 0.362 0.349 0.403 0.215 0.201 0.121 0.081 0.013 1.960

-4 0.094 0.443 0.443 0.618 0.577 0.604 0.376 0.242 0.081 0.081 0.013 3.571

-3 0.403 0.456 0.295 0.712 0.940 0.832 0.832 0.537 0.215 0.107 0.081 5.410

-2 0.712 0.282 0.483 0.470 0.604 0.967 1.181 0.819 0.644 0.295 0.148 0.040 6.645

-1 0.040 0.993 0.188 0.362 0.483 0.752 1.638 2.161 2.121 1.826 0.819 0.175 0.188 0.067 0.040 11.854

0 6.833 1.047 0.094 0.524 0.537 1.504 4.336 6.108 6.806 4.873 2.591 1.047 0.215 0.188 0.161 36.864

1 0.201 0.524 0.228 0.537 0.658 1.034 2.698 3.302 3.141 1.960 0.698 0.215 0.027 0.054 0.027 15.304

2 0.081 0.712 0.389 0.591 0.899 1.128 1.450 1.477 0.792 0.268 0.067 0.013 0.027 0.013 7.907

3 0.013 0.712 0.336 0.550 0.886 1.195 0.805 0.349 0.188 0.013 0.027 0.027 0.013 5.115

4 0.013 0.483 0.376 0.483 0.644 0.322 0.175 0.067 0.054 0.027 2.645

5 0.201 0.376 0.268 0.188 0.094 0.040 0.013 1.181

6 0.067 0.094 0.054 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.255

7 0.040 0.027 0.027 0.013 0.107

8 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.054

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 7.182 6.014 3.571 5.155 6.672 8.847 13.948 16.217 14.874 10.028 4.712 1.718 0.510 0.322 0.228 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.078

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 15.467

Bin 1 % (idle) 8.571

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.723 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 10.714

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.091 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 9.341

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.143 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 10.783

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.198 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 8.365

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.978 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 5.659

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.379 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 7.280 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.962

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.404 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.206

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.646 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.069

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.220 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.096

5.07

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.374

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.332

53.50

22.19

11.96

7.28

2.86

0.0649

0.1396

1.2941

-12.35

7.182

56.545

17.264

19.009

0.357

0.735

0.746

7,449

169

35.48

1.41

7.75

-1.63

29.16

0.00

69.88

31.42
B-28 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS C Driving (FC=16), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.036

-9 0.012 0.012 0.024

-8 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.048

-7 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.157

-6 0.024 0.048 0.169 0.145 0.145 0.060 0.024 0.012 0.627

-5 0.060 0.193 0.422 0.470 0.253 0.229 0.084 0.024 0.012 0.012 1.760

-4 0.181 0.555 0.518 0.579 0.627 0.422 0.229 0.133 0.084 0.024 3.351

-3 0.542 0.603 0.542 0.723 0.916 0.675 0.434 0.229 0.121 0.096 0.024 4.907

-2 0.012 1.121 0.386 0.325 0.615 0.989 0.904 0.772 0.603 0.301 0.084 0.084 0.024 6.221

-1 0.012 1.844 0.338 0.313 0.446 1.374 1.953 2.098 1.664 0.952 0.313 0.133 0.048 0.060 11.549

0 10.512 2.797 0.579 0.518 0.940 2.074 4.858 6.293 5.425 2.954 0.856 0.518 0.012 0.241 0.121 0.012 38.710

1 0.386 1.712 0.470 0.434 1.025 1.977 2.942 2.640 2.230 0.856 0.205 0.060 0.108 0.084 0.012 0.012 15.154

2 0.048 1.145 0.482 0.844 1.109 1.543 1.181 0.772 0.362 0.181 0.036 0.048 0.024 7.776

3 0.024 1.037 0.530 0.952 0.940 0.808 0.494 0.157 0.084 0.012 0.024 5.063

4 0.699 0.506 0.530 0.579 0.386 0.145 0.036 0.012 2.893

5 0.012 0.193 0.374 0.277 0.133 0.084 0.048 0.024 0.012 1.157

6 0.133 0.096 0.060 0.060 0.036 0.386

7 0.048 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.084

8 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.048

9 0.012 0.012 0.024

10 0.012 0.012

11

12 0.012 0.012

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 11.007 11.561 5.232 5.967 7.848 11.260 13.960 13.574 10.802 5.497 1.664 0.868 0.217 0.386 0.133 0.024 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 1.798

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 13.603

Bin 1 % (idle) 14.094

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.345 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 10.064

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.292 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 8.467

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.441 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 9.486

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.355 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.980

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.679 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.497

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.330 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.227 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.430

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.438 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.184

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.369 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.172

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.172 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.025

3.82

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.627

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.725

52.78

25.57

11.92

5.91

2.98

0.0565

0.1196

1.1809

-10.48

11.007

54.177

17.589

17.227

0.348

0.881

1.466

8,295

157

30.09

1.43

12.37

-1.58

23.68

0.00

78.50

26.61
B-29 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS D Driving (FC=16), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15 0.002 0.002

-14

-13 0.002 0.002

-12 0.002 0.002

-11 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.006

-10 0.004 0.002 0.006

-9 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.028

-8 0.002 0.010 0.010 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.040

-7 0.006 0.016 0.042 0.026 0.030 0.024 0.008 0.004 0.002 0.159

-6 0.004 0.026 0.093 0.093 0.066 0.064 0.018 0.006 0.008 0.002 0.002 0.382

-5 0.002 0.024 0.141 0.213 0.213 0.183 0.125 0.090 0.018 0.006 0.004 1.020

-4 0.004 0.123 0.394 0.428 0.507 0.382 0.267 0.165 0.082 0.030 0.012 0.004 2.399

-3 0.002 0.513 0.533 0.487 0.525 0.627 0.555 0.370 0.191 0.074 0.026 0.012 0.002 3.917

-2 0.002 0.993 0.442 0.519 0.613 0.668 0.766 0.722 0.436 0.215 0.082 0.022 0.002 5.484

-1 0.010 2.047 0.432 0.541 0.607 0.782 1.209 1.581 1.558 1.060 0.497 0.157 0.022 10.503

0 17.972 3.382 0.448 0.752 0.999 1.611 2.821 5.277 5.687 4.008 2.274 1.090 0.105 0.016 0.010 46.453

1 0.259 1.842 0.384 0.776 1.005 1.490 2.091 2.632 2.194 1.243 0.523 0.157 0.028 0.012 0.012 0.014 14.664

2 0.062 1.184 0.467 0.857 1.102 1.168 1.104 0.724 0.346 0.125 0.040 0.010 0.006 0.004 7.199

3 0.018 1.102 0.597 0.768 0.770 0.549 0.336 0.155 0.072 0.026 0.008 4.402

4 0.010 0.668 0.541 0.386 0.362 0.221 0.103 0.036 0.026 0.002 0.002 2.357

5 0.139 0.227 0.139 0.093 0.060 0.024 0.002 0.002 0.686

6 0.002 0.030 0.084 0.030 0.008 0.010 0.004 0.002 0.171

7 0.028 0.026 0.006 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.066

8 0.014 0.010 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.034

9 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.010

10 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.006

11

12

13 0.002 0.002

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 18.344 12.106 4.778 6.063 6.946 7.875 9.504 11.788 10.636 6.801 3.471 1.456 0.165 0.032 0.022 0.014 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 2.082

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 10.440

Bin 1 % (idle) 21.707

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.026 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.419

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.406 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.029

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.748 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 8.873

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.011 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.983

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.262 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.948

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.276 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 4.292 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.548

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.137 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.106

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.284 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.043

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.116 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.028

2.50

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.900

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.417

53.48

27.33

11.63

5.06

5.08

0.0487

0.1048

1.3847

-14.54

18.344

53.290

14.907

13.459

0.639

1.738

1.523

49,728

477

30.71

1.26

12.76

-1.38

22.06

0.00

77.02

27.02
B-30 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS E Driving (FC=16), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12 0.018 0.018

-11

-10 0.018 0.018 0.036

-9 0.036 0.018 0.053

-8 0.018 0.053 0.053 0.018 0.142

-7 0.018 0.036 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.053 0.160

-6 0.036 0.125 0.071 0.125 0.107 0.036 0.018 0.053 0.569

-5 0.071 0.125 0.356 0.267 0.196 0.107 0.036 0.018 0.018 1.192

-4 0.249 0.587 0.445 0.480 0.463 0.267 0.142 0.071 0.018 0.018 2.740

-3 0.836 0.818 0.640 0.640 0.605 0.445 0.267 0.107 0.089 0.053 0.018 4.519

-2 0.018 1.530 0.676 0.801 0.658 0.534 0.783 0.391 0.320 0.107 0.053 0.036 5.906

-1 0.053 2.846 0.587 0.890 0.961 0.996 1.601 1.548 0.801 0.320 0.213 0.036 10.852

0 28.696 4.537 0.516 0.907 1.210 1.067 2.081 3.113 2.918 1.014 0.249 0.142 46.451

1 0.480 2.562 0.391 0.996 1.050 0.996 1.637 1.743 1.032 0.374 0.267 11.528

2 0.071 1.477 0.534 0.765 0.801 1.174 0.872 0.516 0.267 0.089 0.036 6.600

3 0.018 1.316 0.391 0.943 0.587 0.569 0.445 0.213 0.036 4.519

4 1.067 0.694 0.534 0.480 0.231 0.071 0.018 3.096

5 0.285 0.391 0.302 0.125 0.071 0.036 0.018 1.228

6 0.036 0.125 0.053 0.018 0.231

7 0.125 0.018 0.142

8 0.018 0.018

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 29.336 16.972 5.995 7.774 7.508 7.081 8.450 8.112 5.622 2.028 0.890 0.231 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.861

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.200

Bin 1 % (idle) 34.236

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.995 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.154

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 8.121 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.862

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.025 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.530

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.779 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.898

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.292 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.473

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.617 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.852 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.126

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.993 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.018

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.307 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.018

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.090 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

2.81

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.235

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.181

61.09

22.90

8.72

4.48

2.91

0.0414

0.1065

0.7482

-11.99

29.336

39.602

15.745

15.318

0.285

1.171

3.812

5,621

80

23.11

1.54

7.82

-1.66

14.62

0.00

56.22

20.68
B-31 

California 2000 Urban Minor Arterial LOS F Driving (FC=16), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10 0.010 0.010

-9 0.019 0.010 0.010 0.039

-8 0.019 0.019 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.077

-7 0.029 0.048 0.029 0.067 0.010 0.010 0.193

-6 0.019 0.029 0.048 0.077 0.048 0.048 0.010 0.019 0.010 0.308

-5 0.029 0.173 0.289 0.231 0.164 0.087 0.048 0.019 1.040

-4 0.202 0.424 0.472 0.337 0.404 0.193 0.096 0.010 0.010 2.147

-3 0.010 0.674 0.818 0.462 0.462 0.424 0.404 0.212 0.135 0.029 3.629

-2 0.019 1.627 0.683 0.549 0.385 0.395 0.298 0.366 0.125 0.077 0.010 4.534

-1 0.039 3.591 0.732 0.645 0.549 0.606 0.886 1.069 0.568 0.221 0.077 8.982

0 37.139 6.142 0.818 0.751 0.857 0.886 1.348 2.676 2.840 0.674 0.183 54.313

1 0.404 3.312 0.645 0.683 0.722 0.789 1.213 1.550 0.789 0.241 0.029 10.377

2 0.077 1.887 0.683 0.789 0.606 0.905 0.886 0.414 0.116 0.010 6.373

3 0.010 1.328 0.683 0.683 0.626 0.529 0.241 0.029 4.130

4 0.019 0.828 0.626 0.481 0.385 0.183 0.058 0.019 2.599

5 0.298 0.279 0.154 0.087 0.010 0.828

6 0.096 0.106 0.048 0.010 0.260

7 0.029 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.058

8 0.019 0.019 0.010 0.048

9 0.010 0.010 0.019

10 0.010 0.010 0.019

11 0.010 0.010

12 0.010 0.010

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 37.717 20.090 6.796 6.161 5.400 5.439 5.689 6.498 4.630 1.271 0.308 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.837

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 9.247

Bin 1 % (idle) 44.170

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.157 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.777

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 9.101 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.969

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.786 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.078

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.550 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.988

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.859 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.025

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.365 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.287 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.535 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.088 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.020 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

1.68

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.000

62.05

25.13

7.14

4.00

3.04

0.0333

0.0878

0.9256

-9.92

37.717

36.090

14.247

11.947

0.282

1.519

4.671

10,388

114

19.40

1.41

11.69

-1.46

11.13

0.00

49.09

17.87
B-32 

California 2000 Urban Collector LOS A-C Driving (FC=17), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16 0.001 0.001

-15

-14 0.001 0.001

-13 0.001 0.001 0.002

-12 0.001 0.001 0.002

-11 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.004

-10 0.001 0.001

-9 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.014

-8 0.003 0.009 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.038

-7 0.003 0.010 0.021 0.024 0.024 0.020 0.008 0.009 0.001 0.001 0.120

-6 0.003 0.026 0.094 0.114 0.073 0.044 0.022 0.012 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.398

-5 0.017 0.218 0.472 0.379 0.249 0.119 0.057 0.017 0.011 0.003 1.543

-4 0.001 0.134 0.714 0.832 0.826 0.623 0.322 0.144 0.087 0.021 0.012 0.004 3.720

-3 0.002 0.624 0.856 0.753 1.034 0.936 0.647 0.316 0.148 0.085 0.020 0.011 5.432

-2 0.001 1.242 0.604 0.605 0.912 1.008 0.923 0.614 0.324 0.188 0.081 0.034 0.014 6.549

-1 0.003 1.742 0.503 0.609 0.841 1.374 1.615 1.354 1.020 0.604 0.447 0.126 0.060 0.011 10.308

0 9.484 2.082 0.540 0.703 1.316 4.228 5.798 5.273 3.289 1.998 1.459 0.619 0.397 0.094 37.279

1 0.302 1.412 0.625 0.938 1.618 2.554 2.846 2.076 1.424 0.857 0.415 0.127 0.058 0.009 15.261

2 0.148 1.613 1.026 1.604 1.668 1.501 0.964 0.529 0.254 0.121 0.052 0.014 0.003 0.001 9.500

3 0.069 1.499 1.146 1.360 1.211 0.681 0.314 0.115 0.045 0.019 0.008 0.004 6.470

4 0.023 0.646 0.696 0.531 0.348 0.159 0.048 0.035 0.012 0.003 0.003 2.503

5 0.007 0.117 0.212 0.130 0.066 0.041 0.025 0.007 0.003 0.001 0.609

6 0.004 0.029 0.061 0.026 0.020 0.012 0.007 0.004 0.163

7 0.002 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.038

8 0.007 0.007 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.017

9 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.009

10 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.009

11 0.001 0.002 0.003

12 0.002 0.001 0.003

13 0.002 0.002

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 10.047 11.191 7.265 8.710 10.388 13.477 13.702 10.565 6.648 3.914 2.506 0.942 0.532 0.114 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 1.716

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 14.433

Bin 1 % (idle) 11.875

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.740 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.421

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.661 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 8.571

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 6.073 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 8.960

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.130 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.184

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.349 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.855

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.695 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 3.315 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.508

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.927 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.111

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.220 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.034

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.111 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.018

2.15

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.739

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.073

51.37

27.28

13.65

5.54

3.53

0.0529

0.1087

1.3131

-15.86

10.047

52.921

19.141

17.892

0.413

1.113

1.288

91,792

1,374

29.01

1.41

13.05

-1.63

22.26

0.00

67.32

24.74
B-33 

California 2000 Urban Collector LOS D Driving (FC=17), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.008 0.008

-12 0.008 0.008

-11 0.008 0.008

-10 0.008 0.008

-9 0.008 0.016 0.008 0.033

-8 0.016 0.008 0.025 0.008 0.057

-7 0.016 0.025 0.033 0.008 0.008 0.025 0.008 0.123

-6 0.049 0.107 0.082 0.041 0.041 0.041 0.008 0.370

-5 0.230 0.443 0.304 0.197 0.074 0.057 0.008 0.016 0.008 1.338

-4 0.148 0.682 0.542 0.755 0.657 0.271 0.123 0.049 0.008 3.235

-3 0.706 0.797 0.673 0.977 0.640 0.501 0.296 0.189 0.049 0.008 4.837

-2 1.297 0.542 0.731 0.829 0.994 0.723 0.493 0.361 0.189 0.057 6.216

-1 0.008 2.266 0.460 0.870 1.100 1.338 1.511 0.936 0.797 0.698 0.213 0.016 10.215

0 15.306 4.434 0.649 1.445 1.683 3.055 3.564 3.769 2.808 1.494 0.846 0.328 0.189 39.571

1 0.386 1.921 0.854 1.371 1.560 2.102 2.299 1.577 1.281 0.698 0.238 0.082 0.008 14.378

2 0.148 1.741 0.903 1.462 1.692 1.412 0.747 0.558 0.238 0.123 0.066 9.090

3 0.016 1.568 0.977 1.281 1.084 0.698 0.361 0.181 0.066 0.041 0.008 6.282

4 0.008 0.764 0.739 0.599 0.484 0.205 0.123 0.049 0.008 0.016 0.008 3.005

5 0.222 0.287 0.140 0.131 0.033 0.016 0.008 0.008 0.846

6 0.049 0.057 0.049 0.033 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.213

7 0.033 0.033 0.008 0.008 0.082

8 0.016 0.016 0.008 0.041

9 0.008 0.008

10 0.008 0.008 0.016

11 0.008 0.008

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 15.873 15.167 7.300 9.772 10.774 11.455 10.273 8.113 5.838 3.359 1.453 0.427 0.197 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 1.555

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 12.852

Bin 1 % (idle) 20.134

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.037 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.342

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 9.430 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.074

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.982 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 6.284

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 4.790 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.008

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.205 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.171

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.087 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.777 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.277

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.091 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.092

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.294 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.159 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

2.82

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.319

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.596

52.67

27.21

12.19

5.11

2.41

0.0511

0.1079

1.3323

-12.83

15.873

48.456

19.429

16.242

0.242

0.787

1.983

12,178

258

24.91

1.48

10.63

-1.60

18.49

0.00

61.41

21.97
B-34 

California 2000 Urban Collector LOS E-F Driving (FC=17), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.032 0.032

-12 0.064 0.064

-11

-10

-9 0.032 0.032

-8 0.032 0.064 0.097

-7 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.097 0.290

-6 0.129 0.129 0.161 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.515

-5 0.290 0.580 0.161 0.258 0.161 0.129 1.578

-4 0.547 0.708 0.901 0.547 0.354 0.386 0.129 0.064 0.032 3.670

-3 0.901 0.869 0.644 0.837 0.644 0.451 0.161 0.097 0.032 4.636

-2 2.222 0.934 0.869 0.708 0.547 0.386 0.515 0.193 0.193 0.032 6.600

-1 0.161 3.574 0.580 0.837 0.741 0.354 0.386 0.708 0.708 0.386 0.032 8.467

0 31.455 5.023 0.773 0.386 1.062 1.384 1.030 2.350 1.417 0.386 0.129 0.032 45.428

1 0.676 3.220 0.741 0.547 0.580 0.773 0.773 1.191 0.773 0.258 0.064 0.064 9.659

2 0.322 2.254 0.837 0.773 0.998 0.805 1.062 0.322 0.290 0.129 0.032 7.824

3 0.064 2.093 0.966 1.095 0.901 0.644 0.225 0.097 0.097 6.182

4 1.030 0.869 0.741 0.483 0.161 0.064 3.348

5 0.386 0.386 0.193 0.097 0.064 1.127

6 0.097 0.064 0.129 0.032 0.322

7 0.032 0.032

8 0.064 0.064

9 0.032 0.032

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 32.679 21.378 8.339 7.856 7.405 6.214 4.958 5.634 3.735 1.417 0.290 0.097 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.523

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 14.234

Bin 1 % (idle) 38.979

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.237 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.229

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 9.061 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.998

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.679 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.669

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.933 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.845

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.998 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.483

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.998 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.241 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.054 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.132

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.165 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.033 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

2.70

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.033

62.33

22.50

7.60

4.86

1.74

0.0397

0.1054

0.6832

-13.14

32.679

31.262

18.545

17.515

0.139

0.729

5.992

3,106

71

18.28

1.74

9.37

-1.91

11.41

0.00

56.02

16.95
B-35 

California 2000 Urban Local LOS A-C Driving (FC=19), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12 0.003 0.001 0.004

-11 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.006

-10

-9 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.006

-8 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.012

-7 0.004 0.003 0.008 0.008 0.012 0.003 0.001 0.040

-6 0.006 0.021 0.080 0.054 0.040 0.014 0.003 0.003 0.220

-5 0.019 0.200 0.417 0.307 0.148 0.052 0.017 0.006 0.001 1.167

-4 0.206 1.062 1.199 0.786 0.378 0.144 0.064 0.012 0.007 0.001 3.859

-3 1.126 1.583 1.458 1.522 0.801 0.305 0.113 0.061 0.023 0.007 0.001 7.001

-2 2.094 1.208 1.583 1.674 1.243 0.512 0.185 0.090 0.037 0.023 0.004 8.654

-1 0.004 2.595 0.952 1.407 1.797 2.085 1.191 0.475 0.229 0.108 0.090 0.059 0.014 0.003 11.009

0 6.268 2.530 1.115 1.870 3.665 6.903 4.746 1.684 0.573 0.365 0.340 0.260 0.113 0.077 30.508

1 0.417 2.033 1.431 2.387 3.442 3.461 1.562 0.608 0.280 0.163 0.080 0.033 0.004 15.901

2 0.438 2.877 2.353 3.134 2.294 0.909 0.349 0.167 0.075 0.033 0.006 12.634

3 0.249 2.170 1.689 1.463 0.798 0.280 0.108 0.036 0.019 0.006 0.001 6.819

4 0.054 0.505 0.537 0.309 0.189 0.090 0.032 0.010 1.726

5 0.007 0.080 0.110 0.075 0.028 0.014 0.004 0.318

6 0.004 0.015 0.025 0.012 0.006 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.069

7 0.004 0.010 0.006 0.001 0.021

8 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.012

9 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.007

10 0.001 0.001

11 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.006

12 0.001 0.001

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 7.448 16.279 12.309 15.413 16.576 16.370 9.028 3.363 1.351 0.744 0.548 0.358 0.131 0.080 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.889

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 16.582

Bin 1 % (idle) 8.990

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 12.739 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.357

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 15.297 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 5.872

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 12.524 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.147

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 7.905 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.619

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.079 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.136

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.461 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.030 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.215

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.317 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.014

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.074 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.001

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.021 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

0.90

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.223

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.400

51.51

31.60

13.26

2.73

1.81

0.0422

0.0871

1.0545

-11.82

7.448

50.708

20.859

20.985

0.201

0.714

2.902

72,405

1,690

21.25

1.44

12.45

-1.68

16.88

0.00

64.65

18.23
B-36 

California 2000 Urban Local LOS D-F Driving (FC=19), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.011 0.011

-12

-11

-10 0.011 0.011 0.022

-9 0.011 0.011

-8 0.022 0.011 0.033

-7 0.011 0.011 0.022 0.076 0.011 0.022 0.152

-6 0.033 0.054 0.130 0.163 0.065 0.022 0.467

-5 0.065 0.380 0.630 0.369 0.217 0.098 0.011 0.011 1.780

-4 0.488 1.140 0.923 0.695 0.326 0.141 0.054 0.011 3.778

-3 1.444 1.520 1.520 1.053 0.608 0.239 0.065 0.011 0.011 6.470

-2 2.790 1.444 1.683 1.389 0.640 0.391 0.109 0.011 0.011 8.467

-1 4.114 1.075 1.726 1.976 1.324 0.662 0.315 0.109 0.011 11.311

0 13.016 5.656 1.715 2.280 3.419 3.843 2.518 0.564 0.239 0.065 33.315

1 0.478 3.376 1.791 2.898 2.768 2.063 0.803 0.326 0.239 0.054 14.796

2 0.488 3.430 2.366 2.681 1.509 0.695 0.152 0.043 0.011 11.376

3 0.185 2.160 1.520 1.075 0.619 0.130 0.033 0.011 5.732

4 0.065 0.651 0.467 0.250 0.119 0.011 0.011 1.574

5 0.043 0.098 0.119 0.119 0.011 0.011 0.402

6 0.087 0.054 0.033 0.011 0.185

7 0.022 0.011 0.022 0.011 0.065

8 0.054 0.054

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 14.297 24.468 13.710 16.001 14.177 9.965 5.091 1.498 0.630 0.163 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 0.195

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 16.567

Bin 1 % (idle) 17.917

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 15.285 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.306

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 18.592 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.958

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 11.900 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.553

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 6.017 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.338

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.250 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.697

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.136 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.427 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.023 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.034 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.000

0.40

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 0.000

56.26

31.57

9.76

2.01

0.92

0.0320

0.0733

0.5874

-13.30

14.297

45.929

18.585

21.190

0.098

0.478

5.906

9,212

321

15.71

1.45

8.46

-1.79

12.31

0.00

44.69

14.36
B-37 

California 2000 Freeway On-Ramp Driving, No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13 0.006 0.006 0.012

-12

-11 0.006 0.006 0.012

-10

-9 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.012 0.006 0.041

-8 0.017 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.047

-7 0.017 0.029 0.029 0.012 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.111

-6 0.029 0.047 0.076 0.041 0.029 0.017 0.017 0.006 0.262

-5 0.041 0.099 0.122 0.105 0.111 0.064 0.052 0.006 0.017 0.618

-4 0.105 0.221 0.233 0.210 0.221 0.198 0.047 0.047 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.006 1.311

-3 0.280 0.443 0.356 0.356 0.391 0.309 0.274 0.105 0.105 0.064 0.006 2.687

-2 0.006 0.682 0.437 0.420 0.530 0.542 0.501 0.530 0.431 0.251 0.111 0.070 0.017 4.529

-1 2.046 0.758 0.612 0.624 0.810 0.868 0.915 0.933 0.431 0.408 0.361 0.105 0.070 0.017 8.958

0 6.388 5.729 2.157 0.927 1.078 1.760 1.906 1.760 1.929 1.480 1.451 1.166 0.764 0.560 0.332 0.041 0.023 0.023 29.475

1 0.216 2.361 0.968 1.008 1.014 1.609 2.075 1.958 2.419 2.541 2.728 1.859 0.903 0.367 0.099 0.012 0.023 22.160

2 0.152 0.979 0.490 0.863 0.944 1.125 1.486 1.708 1.597 1.644 1.230 0.898 0.356 0.087 0.017 13.575

3 0.146 0.985 0.589 0.629 0.804 1.043 0.868 0.927 0.898 0.781 0.460 0.204 0.064 0.006 8.405

4 0.076 0.565 0.478 0.478 0.612 0.595 0.606 0.670 0.565 0.338 0.105 0.023 0.006 5.117

5 0.017 0.286 0.245 0.221 0.192 0.233 0.262 0.169 0.122 0.047 1.795

6 0.029 0.076 0.146 0.099 0.099 0.076 0.017 0.029 0.012 0.583

7 0.006 0.023 0.058 0.041 0.012 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.163

8 0.006 0.023 0.023 0.006 0.006 0.064

9 0.012 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.035

10 0.006 0.012 0.017

11 0.006 0.006

12 0.006 0.006

13 0.006 0.006 0.012

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 7.035 14.181 7.198 6.155 6.714 8.585 9.215 9.075 9.104 7.653 6.575 4.599 2.226 1.096 0.466 0.052 0.047 0.023 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 7.676

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 6.871

Bin 1 % (idle) 8.334

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 7.424 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.929

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 12.699 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.144

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.231 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.727

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.902 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.903

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.040 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.000

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.691 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 7.800 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.938

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 5.840 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 2.598

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 3.509 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.669

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 3.217 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.414

15.67

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.244

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.876

37.41

22.86

13.36

10.70

3.17

0.1262

0.2017

2.0402

-12.86

7.035

52.393

30.757

9.815

0.188

0.419

0.692

17,157

683

29.04

1.71

13.21

-1.32

26.99

0.00

83.44

29.03
B-38 

California 2000 Freeway Off-Ramp Driving, No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14 0.005 0.005

-13

-12

-11

-10 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.015

-9 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.040

-8 0.010 0.015 0.030 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.085

-7 0.005 0.020 0.050 0.050 0.045 0.025 0.015 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.234

-6 0.005 0.040 0.154 0.209 0.174 0.144 0.089 0.085 0.050 0.020 0.005 0.010 0.984

-5 0.035 0.189 0.418 0.343 0.348 0.333 0.308 0.244 0.129 0.094 0.050 0.025 0.005 2.520

-4 0.154 0.661 0.587 0.621 0.656 0.636 0.656 0.522 0.373 0.323 0.169 0.060 0.035 5.453

-3 0.597 0.592 0.517 0.641 0.825 0.840 0.915 0.905 0.716 0.606 0.403 0.189 0.075 0.015 7.834

-2 1.074 0.437 0.467 0.587 0.815 0.885 0.949 1.183 1.307 1.104 0.731 0.457 0.085 0.035 10.116

-1 2.088 0.502 0.408 0.547 0.775 1.123 1.133 1.586 1.884 2.043 1.596 1.004 0.542 0.169 0.030 15.430

0 17.910 3.345 0.641 0.592 0.388 1.024 1.675 1.437 1.705 1.725 1.740 0.910 1.282 1.491 0.964 0.065 36.894

1 0.258 1.814 0.537 0.681 0.507 0.731 0.860 0.860 0.631 0.398 0.373 0.214 0.179 0.099 8.142

2 0.030 1.287 0.621 0.746 0.785 0.696 0.621 0.388 0.214 0.174 0.104 0.025 0.010 5.702

3 1.143 0.621 0.641 0.587 0.492 0.229 0.114 0.045 0.030 0.020 0.005 3.927

4 0.005 0.467 0.507 0.303 0.333 0.174 0.070 0.055 1.914

5 0.080 0.129 0.109 0.055 0.040 0.030 0.005 0.447

6 0.060 0.030 0.035 0.015 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.164

7 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.045

8 0.015 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.035

9 0.005 0.005

10 0.005 0.005

11

12 0.005 0.005

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 18.208 12.179 5.538 5.707 5.682 6.855 7.536 6.944 7.143 6.815 6.442 4.116 3.221 2.336 1.183 0.094 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) -1.848

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 22.007

Bin 1 % (idle) 22.182

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.793 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 9.538

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.024 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.894

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.241 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.436

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.325 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.274

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.734 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.729

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.914 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.037 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.104

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.844 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.489

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.298 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.154

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.124 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.036

2.22

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 5.607

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 2.217

69.57

18.13

6.65

3.43

0.97

0.0326

0.1071

1.4267

-14.15

18.209

40.274

12.487

29.030

0.207

0.495

1.457

20,117

678

32.82

1.42

11.98

-1.89

25.07

0.00

74.71

30.64
B-39 

California 2000 Freeway-to-Freeway Transition Ramp Driving, No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11 0.014 0.014

-10

-9 0.014 0.014

-8 0.014 0.014 0.028

-7 0.028 0.028

-6 0.014 0.028 0.028 0.014 0.083

-5 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.042 0.028 0.069 0.055 0.014 0.028 0.014 0.291

-4 0.014 0.069 0.014 0.028 0.042 0.042 0.069 0.069 0.083 0.028 0.014 0.014 0.484

-3 0.069 0.028 0.055 0.055 0.042 0.055 0.069 0.111 0.138 0.097 0.166 0.111 0.042 0.014 0.014 1.066

-2 0.332 0.208 0.249 0.166 0.208 0.263 0.318 0.208 0.415 0.484 0.512 0.305 0.125 0.055 3.848

-1 2.727 0.969 0.568 0.457 0.484 0.554 0.568 0.706 1.190 2.063 2.173 2.076 1.343 1.024 0.457 0.014 17.373

0 2.852 7.309 2.395 1.274 0.664 0.595 0.540 1.260 1.647 3.378 5.274 5.939 6.160 5.717 5.191 2.326 0.028 52.547

1 0.055 3.156 0.941 0.623 0.457 0.568 0.609 0.983 1.232 1.495 2.353 2.173 1.717 1.495 0.872 0.235 0.014 18.978

2 0.554 0.166 0.194 0.180 0.166 0.401 0.194 0.291 0.388 0.540 0.401 0.277 0.249 0.138 0.014 4.153

3 0.014 0.014 0.069 0.028 0.042 0.055 0.125 0.069 0.083 0.069 0.042 0.055 0.014 0.014 0.692

4 0.028 0.014 0.014 0.042 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.194

5 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.083

6 0.014 0.014 0.028 0.014 0.069

7 0.014 0.014

8 0.014 0.014

9 0.014 0.014

10

11

12 0.014 0.014

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.907 14.217 4.845 3.101 2.132 2.229 2.575 3.641 4.430 7.212 11.005 11.503 10.742 9.012 7.337 3.032 0.055 0.028 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 6.325

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 3.297

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.633

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.072 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.647

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 13.088 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.302

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.464 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 3.411

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.611 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.766

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.199 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.013

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 0.256 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.899 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 13.003

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 1.151 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 5.812

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.426 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.046

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.128 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.123

3.35

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 11.155

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 13.500

50.72

31.10

10.34

4.49

1.99

0.0515

0.1044

3.1551

-11.09

2.907

76.744

9.579

10.770

0.442

0.644

0.315

7,224

187

40.43

0.69

12.32

-0.76

41.14

0.00

83.05

42.38
B-40 

Sacramento 2004 Diamond-Downgrade On-Ramp Driving (D-D), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7 0.137 0.137

-6 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.205

-5 0.137 0.068 0.068 0.274

-4 0.068 0.068 0.137

-3 0.205 0.137 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.068 0.616

-2 0.274 0.068 0.411 0.137 0.205 0.479 0.137 0.137 0.068 1.916

-1 0.342 0.068 0.205 0.068 1.369 0.548 0.342 0.205 0.274 0.342 0.205 3.970

0 3.217 0.274 0.068 0.342 0.205 0.274 2.943 1.574 0.890 1.780 1.985 2.875 3.559 0.890 0.068 20.945

1 0.411 0.342 0.411 0.342 2.806 2.259 2.464 4.449 6.229 5.886 3.285 0.411 29.295

2 0.274 0.205 0.274 0.753 0.684 2.533 3.559 4.244 4.791 4.107 2.053 1.095 0.137 24.709

3 0.068 0.616 0.274 0.342 1.164 1.437 1.232 1.985 1.985 0.753 0.479 0.411 0.068 0.137 10.951

4 0.479 0.548 0.479 1.164 1.027 0.821 0.274 0.068 0.068 4.928

5 0.342 0.479 0.274 0.274 0.137 0.137 0.068 1.711

6 0.068 0.068 0.137

7 0.068 0.068

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 3.696 3.012 1.916 2.396 4.791 4.312 12.115 10.815 10.062 12.252 13.142 11.636 8.214 1.574 0.068 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 14.839

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 1.565

Bin 1 % (idle) 4.267

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 0.640 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.774

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.209 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.565

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.423 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.694

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.494 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 3.770

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.920 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.196

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 4.267 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 13.229 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 6.899

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 15.292 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 8.819

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 6.899 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.054

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.423 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 2.916

38.61

0.00

70.09

40.10

44.01

1.75

6.69

-1.24

-7.03

3.696

46.680

46.133

3.491

0.285

0.443

0.191

1,461

55

5.36

0.2017

0.2521

0.7784

19.99

13.28

16.56

21.49

28.68

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.209

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 5.477
B-41 

Sacramento 2004 Diamond-Level On-Ramp Driving (D-L), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.010 0.010 0.020

-8

-7 0.010 0.031 0.031 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.112

-6 0.020 0.031 0.072 0.051 0.041 0.031 0.245

-5 0.020 0.051 0.163 0.123 0.051 0.072 0.041 0.051 0.010 0.582

-4 0.051 0.123 0.082 0.102 0.255 0.163 0.133 0.041 0.031 0.981

-3 0.102 0.112 0.102 0.082 0.204 0.286 0.123 0.112 0.061 0.061 0.010 1.257

-2 0.368 0.296 0.194 0.184 0.194 0.296 0.235 0.123 0.123 0.061 0.051 0.031 2.155

-1 1.134 0.163 0.174 0.215 0.327 0.521 0.930 0.593 0.603 0.358 0.235 0.235 0.143 5.629

0 1.859 1.900 0.276 0.368 0.419 0.715 1.645 2.871 3.157 3.146 3.463 3.412 2.227 1.195 0.153 0.010 0.010 26.826

1 0.123 1.032 0.184 0.398 0.449 0.899 1.767 3.310 5.057 6.252 6.752 5.333 2.656 0.654 0.102 0.082 0.010 35.060

2 0.031 0.276 0.204 0.347 0.715 1.103 1.583 2.135 2.411 2.298 1.788 1.348 0.817 0.143 0.020 15.221

3 0.031 0.337 0.347 0.490 0.879 0.991 1.113 1.134 0.817 0.541 0.398 0.296 0.072 0.041 0.010 7.498

4 0.296 0.276 0.347 0.552 0.541 0.429 0.215 0.163 0.051 0.020 2.891

5 0.245 0.215 0.266 0.123 0.092 0.031 0.020 0.010 0.010 1.011

6 0.123 0.163 0.061 0.031 0.378

7 0.010 0.061 0.020 0.092

8 0.020 0.010 0.031

9 0.010 0.010

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 2.043 5.925 2.503 3.085 3.984 5.435 7.978 11.186 12.534 13.127 12.902 10.685 6.037 2.176 0.286 0.092 0.020 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 11.420

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.075

Bin 1 % (idle) 2.650

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.745 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.421

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.864 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.442

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.373 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.793

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.689 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.849

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.605 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 7.834

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 3.241 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 14.517 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 8.193

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 8.288 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 6.419

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 3.336 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.988

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 1.109 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 2.133

37.96

0.00

78.85

38.75

40.91

1.43

8.63

-1.30

-9.04

2.043

61.651

30.575

5.731

0.326

0.515

0.194

9,789

317

4.67

0.1514

0.2037

0.8415

25.69

18.71

21.88

17.13

16.58

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.362

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 5.078
B-42 

Sacramento 2004 Diamond-Upgrade On-Ramp Driving (D-U), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8 0.044 0.044

-7 0.044 0.044 0.088

-6 0.044 0.044 0.088

-5 0.088 0.088 0.044 0.131 0.044 0.394

-4 0.044 0.044 0.175 0.219 0.088 0.219 0.088 0.044 0.919

-3 0.175 0.219 0.175 0.438 0.394 0.263 0.219 1.883

-2 0.657 0.306 0.219 0.219 0.394 0.306 0.482 0.263 2.846

-1 0.701 0.088 0.088 0.175 0.482 0.657 0.963 0.701 0.569 0.394 0.131 0.175 5.123

0 4.685 1.751 0.044 0.219 0.525 0.306 1.708 1.226 2.758 4.159 2.715 1.970 1.051 0.044 23.161

1 0.175 0.657 0.219 0.394 0.701 1.007 2.145 4.335 5.035 5.298 4.116 2.496 0.701 0.131 27.408

2 0.394 0.219 0.569 1.138 1.970 3.678 4.159 4.028 3.327 2.320 1.357 0.131 23.292

3 0.569 0.263 1.095 1.489 2.583 1.708 0.919 0.525 0.044 0.044 9.238

4 0.394 0.525 0.438 1.138 0.832 0.350 0.131 3.809

5 0.306 0.219 0.306 0.175 0.044 1.051

6 0.131 0.175 0.131 0.044 0.482

7 0.044 0.131 0.175

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 4.860 5.823 2.539 3.940 6.392 8.231 11.121 12.566 13.354 13.398 9.588 5.954 2.058 0.175 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 10.485

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.494

Bin 1 % (idle) 5.720

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 2.406 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.040

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.951 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 3.268

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.407 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 4.449

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.270 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 5.856

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.769 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 7.581

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 5.356 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 20.291 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.678

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 11.530 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 3.314

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.769 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.043

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.272 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.636

32.89

0.00

65.58

34.57

38.78

1.73

7.30

-1.40

-7.71

4.860

49.825

38.879

6.436

0.258

0.470

0.096

2,284

81

4.35

0.1544

0.2167

0.5556

28.77

13.31

18.21

22.20

17.51

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.726

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 3.178
B-43 

Sacramento 2004 Loop-Downgrade On-Ramp Driving (L-D), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8 0.024 0.024 0.048 0.024 0.121

-7 0.024 0.024 0.048

-6 0.048 0.048 0.121 0.048 0.024 0.290

-5 0.097 0.097 0.145 0.121 0.024 0.483

-4 0.072 0.072 0.072 0.097 0.121 0.072 0.024 0.531

-3 0.097 0.121 0.072 0.097 0.169 0.386 0.531 0.048 0.024 1.546

-2 0.266 0.242 0.072 0.169 0.411 1.498 1.159 0.411 0.024 4.251

-1 1.522 0.193 0.024 0.121 0.845 3.478 2.391 0.725 0.145 0.072 9.517

0 1.014 2.705 0.459 0.024 0.362 1.932 13.937 5.966 1.256 0.386 0.845 0.797 0.845 0.676 0.024 31.232

1 0.121 1.159 0.097 0.314 2.464 9.058 6.643 1.570 0.507 0.290 0.507 0.386 0.411 23.527

2 0.242 0.048 0.048 0.048 0.217 1.039 3.357 2.536 1.208 1.014 0.990 0.845 0.145 11.739

3 0.024 0.121 0.145 0.072 0.145 0.386 0.411 1.594 2.826 3.140 2.391 1.715 0.604 13.575

4 0.145 0.048 0.072 0.217 0.145 0.048 0.097 0.411 0.580 0.242 0.048 2.053

5 0.121 0.048 0.072 0.024 0.024 0.072 0.048 0.048 0.459

6 0.121 0.048 0.121 0.072 0.024 0.024 0.024 0.435

7 0.048 0.048 0.072 0.024 0.193

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 1.159 6.618 1.739 0.894 1.981 6.932 30.000 21.884 9.855 6.039 4.831 4.130 2.681 1.232 0.024 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 10.369

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 3.830

Bin 1 % (idle) 1.777

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 3.329 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 8.310

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.431 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 6.733

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 0.951 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 16.996

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 0.776 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 12.315

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.325 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 5.182

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.026 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 6.108 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.726

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 6.133 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.901

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.581 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.126

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 6.408 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 5.657

33.12

0.00

67.85

33.51

30.68

1.48

7.24

-1.25

-8.38

1.159

62.343

29.227

7.271

0.263

0.476

0.184

4,140

145

4.53

0.1588

0.2257

1.1336

29.64

29.86

11.40

6.21

22.90

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.100

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 2.278
B-44 

Sacramento 2004 Loop-Level On-Ramp Driving (L-L), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.044 0.044

-8 0.044 0.044

-7 0.044 0.044

-6 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.176

-5 0.088 0.088 0.044 0.044 0.265

-4 0.044 0.176 0.221 0.221 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.088 0.044 0.926

-3 0.176 0.265 0.044 0.088 0.265 0.088 0.221 0.176 0.044 1.367

-2 0.221 0.132 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.926 1.147 0.573 0.221 0.088 0.088 0.044 4.102

-1 1.720 0.485 0.265 0.265 0.794 1.588 2.250 0.662 0.485 0.132 0.132 8.778

0 1.103 6.661 1.412 0.353 1.147 1.191 8.161 7.190 1.985 4.235 2.161 1.279 1.191 1.147 39.215

1 0.044 1.809 0.309 0.353 0.662 1.676 5.249 4.940 1.853 1.456 1.147 1.853 1.632 0.353 23.335

2 0.265 0.309 0.088 0.309 0.573 0.838 2.867 2.117 1.367 1.191 0.926 0.353 0.044 11.248

3 0.441 0.221 0.265 0.485 0.176 0.221 0.662 1.412 1.632 1.412 0.618 0.176 7.719

4 0.221 0.132 0.309 0.088 0.176 0.221 0.132 0.132 0.176 0.132 1.720

5 0.088 0.088 0.044 0.132 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.485

6 0.088 0.044 0.088 0.044 0.088 0.044 0.397

7 0.044 0.044 0.044 0.132

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 1.147 11.734 3.705 2.294 3.661 5.426 17.512 19.585 8.999 9.749 6.220 4.896 3.529 1.544 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 8.050

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 4.755

Bin 1 % (idle) 1.495

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.755 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 6.748

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 11.051 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 7.745

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.812 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 13.225

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.178 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 9.239

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 0.725 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 4.801

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.540 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 6.612 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 2.989

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 4.937 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 3.080

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.989 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 1.087

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 3.261 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 2.627

32.36

0.00

66.71

32.74

31.14

1.27

6.93

-1.01

-8.55

1.147

68.064

23.688

7.102

0.345

0.640

0.147

2,267

59

4.48

0.1167

0.1815

1.2025

35.69

29.55

12.13

8.51

14.12

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.634

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 2.717
B-45 

Sacramento 2004 Loop-Upgrade On-Ramp Driving (L-U), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3 0.210 0.210 0.419

-2 0.210 0.629 1.048 1.258 3.145

-1 0.419 1.887 5.451 2.725 0.839 1.048 12.369

0 0.210 0.210 0.419 7.128 13.836 5.870 1.258 1.258 1.048 0.839 32.075

1 0.419 0.629 5.451 9.015 3.983 0.839 0.210 0.210 20.755

2 0.419 1.887 2.096 4.822 4.403 2.516 1.677 0.419 18.239

3 0.210 0.419 0.419 0.629 0.210 1.048 2.725 2.725 2.096 1.258 11.740

4 0.419 0.210 0.419 0.210 1.258

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 0.629 0.839 1.468 4.193 17.400 35.220 21.174 8.386 6.709 2.935 1.048 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 8.771

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 0.436

Bin 1 % (idle) 0.000

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.525 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 13.290

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 1.307 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 11.765

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 2.832 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 17.429

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.397 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 11.983

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 2.614 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.486

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 1.089 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 11.765 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 6.754 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.218

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.575 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.218

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 4.357 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.654

31.90

0.00

55.85

31.90

31.10

1.43

4.11

-0.81

-3.08

0.000

65.199

31.237

3.564

0.235

0.442

0.000

477

18

3.52

0.1327

0.1918

0.7447

30.82

28.30

13.00

12.58

15.30

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.000

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.307
B-46 

Sacramento 2004 Ramp-Metered On-Ramp Driving (MON), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.104

-8 0.035 0.069 0.069 0.035 0.208

-7 0.069 0.139 0.139 0.069 0.035 0.450

-6 0.104 0.139 0.312 0.243 0.069 0.104 0.970

-5 0.069 0.347 0.416 0.416 0.312 0.312 0.069 0.069 2.010

-4 0.243 0.347 0.520 0.520 0.554 0.450 0.312 0.104 0.035 3.084

-3 0.450 0.658 0.416 0.450 0.866 0.728 0.450 0.243 0.069 0.069 0.035 4.435

-2 1.871 1.143 0.485 0.520 0.658 1.074 0.485 0.277 0.173 0.069 0.035 6.791

-1 6.480 0.520 0.347 0.243 0.485 1.629 1.559 0.589 0.728 0.173 0.104 0.035 12.890

0 2.564 11.920 1.005 0.554 0.312 0.658 3.812 2.911 1.836 1.525 0.866 0.520 0.901 29.383

1 0.450 5.301 0.347 0.277 0.243 0.520 1.525 1.802 1.490 1.386 0.901 0.485 0.277 15.003

2 0.069 1.040 0.243 0.243 0.520 1.213 1.490 1.351 0.970 0.970 0.728 0.520 0.035 9.390

3 0.069 0.832 0.243 0.277 0.901 1.455 1.490 1.005 0.554 0.312 0.208 7.346

4 0.728 0.312 0.277 0.832 0.693 0.277 0.173 0.139 0.035 3.465

5 0.554 0.277 0.520 0.173 0.104 0.035 0.035 0.069 1.767

6 0.658 0.416 0.450 0.243 0.035 1.802

7 0.139 0.416 0.173 0.035 0.762

8 0.069 0.035 0.104

9 0.035 0.035

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 3.153 30.388 6.445 5.336 5.960 7.866 13.028 10.291 6.341 5.232 3.015 1.698 1.247 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 3.245

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 14.518

Bin 1 % (idle) 5.616

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 12.257 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 5.899

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 17.732 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.027

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.837 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 5.228

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.660 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 2.861

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.660 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 3.144

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 5.299 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 6.146 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 1.201

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 4.698 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 0.318

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.119 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 0.530

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.883 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 0.565

21.32

0.00

61.97

22.02

21.19

1.83

8.63

-1.76

-9.04

3.153

53.950

24.809

18.087

0.311

0.875

1.346

2,886

55

4.59

0.0875

0.1672

0.7886

47.68

24.57

8.35

6.79

12.61

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 0.318

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 1.484
B-47 

Sacramento 2004 Non-Metered On-Ramp Driving (MOF), No Grade Compensation SAFD (%)

ACCEL SPEED BIN

BIN (mph)

(mph/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 TOTALS

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8 0.006 0.006

-7 0.011 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.029

-6 0.011 0.017 0.029 0.011 0.017 0.011 0.097

-5 0.011 0.017 0.057 0.040 0.040 0.011 0.017 0.017 0.006 0.217

-4 0.017 0.063 0.029 0.051 0.103 0.068 0.034 0.023 0.023 0.006 0.416

-3 0.074 0.057 0.040 0.068 0.097 0.177 0.188 0.057 0.034 0.029 0.821

-2 0.097 0.091 0.108 0.154 0.205 0.548 0.610 0.240 0.086 0.040 0.034 0.023 2.236

-1 0.268 0.125 0.097 0.194 0.525 1.397 1.363 0.633 0.433 0.245 0.194 0.183 0.080 5.738

0 1.877 0.856 0.291 0.228 0.513 1.158 5.481 3.913 2.481 2.869 2.818 2.692 1.882 1.055 0.097 0.006 0.006 28.223

1 0.086 0.297 0.137 0.314 0.513 1.523 4.312 4.620 4.073 4.637 4.894 4.078 2.105 0.559 0.057 0.046 0.006 32.255

2 0.006 0.148 0.171 0.285 0.627 0.913 1.814 3.091 3.006 2.464 1.928 1.369 0.804 0.131 0.011 16.769

3 0.017 0.268 0.285 0.462 0.747 0.890 0.856 1.289 1.523 1.329 1.015 0.684 0.211 0.034 0.006 9.617

4 0.200 0.257 0.302 0.479 0.439 0.348 0.171 0.188 0.200 0.091 0.017 2.692

5 0.154 0.165 0.143 0.097 0.068 0.034 0.034 0.006 0.011 0.011 0.724

6 0.023 0.063 0.023 0.006 0.017 0.011 0.143

7 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.017

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Totals 1.985 2.413 1.740 2.105 3.531 5.983 15.075 15.366 12.252 12.104 11.077 9.069 5.208 1.859 0.171 0.051 0.011 100.000

Summary Statistics

Avg Speed (mph) Time at Idle (%) Avg Specific PKE (hp-sec/lb)

Min Speed (mph) Time at Cruise (%) Avg Total Specific Power (hp/lb)

Max Speed (mph) Time in Accel (%) Avg Non-Zero Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Non-Idle Speed (mph) Time in Decel (%) Max Specific Power (hp/lb)

Avg Cruise Speed (mph) Avg Trip Length (miles) Spec Pwr Freq (%): 0 hp/lb

Avg Acceleration (mph/sec) Avg Trip Time (min) Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0-0.1 hp/lb

Max Acceleration (mph/sec) # Stops per Mile Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.1-0.2 hp/lb

Avg Deceleration (mph/sec) # of 1-Sec Observations Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.2-0.3 hp/lb

Max Deceleration (mph/sec) # of Trips Spec Pwr Freq (%): >0.3 hp/lb

EPA VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Statistics

EPA Avg Veh Spec Pwr, VSP (kW/tonne) 12.191

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 0 % (braking) 2.105

Bin 1 % (idle) 2.259

------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bin 11 % (0-25 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 1.301 Bin 21 % (25-50 mph, <0 kw/tonne) 4.890

Bin 12 % (0-25 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 2.206 Bin 22 % (25-50 mph, 0-3 kw/tonne) 4.730

Bin 13 % (0-25 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 1.301 Bin 23 % (25-50 mph, 3-6 kw/tonne) 8.994

Bin 14 % (0-25 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 1.490 Bin 24 % (25-50 mph, 6-9 kw/tonne) 8.314

Bin 15 % (0-25 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 1.384 Bin 25 % (25-50 mph, 9-12 kw/tonne) 7.143

Bin 16 % (0-25 mph, >=12 kw/tonne) 2.454 ----------------------------------- 0.000 ----------------------------------- 0.000

Bin 27 % (25-50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 13.470 Bin 37 % (>50 mph, 12-18 kw/tonne) 5.872

Bin 28 % (25-50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 8.905 Bin 38 % (>50 mph, 18-24 kw/tonne) 5.328

Bin 29 % (25-50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 4.045 Bin 39 % (>50 mph, 24-30 kw/tonne) 2.602

Bin 30 % (25-50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 2.685 Bin 40 % (>50 mph, >=30 kw/tonne) 3.122

38.06

0.00

78.85

38.83

39.59

1.44

6.93

-1.01

-7.71

1.985

61.220

32.712

4.084

0.299

0.471

0.065

17,532

620

4.62

0.1632

0.2158

1.2025

24.36

20.89

19.21

16.04

19.50

Bin 33 % (>50 mph, <6 kw/tonne) 1.011

Bin 35 % (>50 mph, 6-12 kw/tonne) 4.393
APPENDIX C

Final Link-Level Driving Cycle Traces
C-1 

Rural Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles 

Rural Principal Arterial Interstate (FC=01) Driving Cycle

Rural Other Principal Arterial (FC=02) LOS A-C Driving Cycle

Rural Other Principal Arterial (FC=02) LOS D-F Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-2 

Rural Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Rural Minor Arterial (FC=07) Driving Cycle

Rural Major Arterial (FC=06) Driving Cycle

Rural Collector (FC=08) Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale is longer than for other FC cycle plots

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-3 

Rural Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Rural Local Roadway (FC=09) Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-4 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles 

Urban Principal Arterial Interstate (FC=11) LOS A Driving Cycle

Urban Principal Arterial Interstate (FC=11) LOS B Driving Cycle

Urban Principal Arterial Interstate (FC=11) LOS C Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-5 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Urban Principal Arterial Interstate (FC=11) LOS D Driving Cycle

Urban Principal Arterial Interstate (FC=11) LOS E Driving Cycle

Urban Principal Arterial Interstate (FC=11) LOS F Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-6 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Urban Principal Arterial Other Freeway/Expressway (FC=12) LOS A Driving Cycle

Urban Principal Arterial Other Freeway/Expressway (FC=12) LOS B Driving Cycle

Urban Principal Arterial Other Freeway/Expressway (FC=12) LOS C Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-7 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Urban Principal Arterial Other Freeway/Expressway (FC=12) LOS D Driving Cycle

Urban Principal Arterial Other Freeway/Expressway (FC=12) LOS E Driving Cycle

Urban Principal Arterial Other Freeway/Expressway (FC=12) LOS F Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-8 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Urban Other Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS A Driving Cycle

Urban Other Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS B Driving Cycle

Urban Other Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS C Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-9 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Urban Other Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS D Driving Cycle

Urban Other Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS E Driving Cycle

Urban Other Principal Arterial (FC=14) LOS F Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-10 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Urban Minor Arterial (FC=16) LOS A Driving Cycle

Urban Minor Arterial (FC=16) LOS B Driving Cycle

Urban Minor Arterial (FC=16) LOS C Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-11 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Urban Minor Arterial (FC=16) LOS D Driving Cycle

Urban Minor Arterial (FC=16) LOS E Driving Cycle

Urban Minor Arterial (FC=16) LOS F Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-12 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Urban Collector (FC=17) LOS A-C Driving Cycle

Urban Collector (FC=17) LOS D Driving Cycle

Urban Collector (FC=17) LOS E-F Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-13 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Urban Local Roadway (FC=19) LOS A-C Driving Cycle

Urban Local Roadway (FC=19) LOS D-F Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-14 

Urban Functional Class (FC) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Freeway Off-Ramp Driving Cycle

Freeway-to-Freeway Transition Ramp Driving Cycle

Freeway On-Ramp Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel
C-15 

Specialized Freeway On-Ramp (OR) Driving Cycles

Diamond, Downgrade Freeway On-Ramp Driving Cycle

Diamond, Level Grade Freeway On-Ramp Driving Cycle

Diamond, Upgrade Freeway On-Ramp Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots
C-16 

Specialized Freeway On-Ramp (OR) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Loop, Downgrade Freeway On-Ramp Driving Cycle

Loop, Level Grade Freeway On-Ramp Driving Cycle

Loop, Upgrade Freeway On-Ramp Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots
C-17 

Specialized Freeway On-Ramp (OR) Driving Cycles (cont.)

Metered Freeway On-Ramp Driving Cycle

Non-Metered Freeway On-Ramp Driving Cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time (seconds)

Speed (mph)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Acceleration (mph/s)

Speed

Accel

Note: Time scale for OR cycle plots is shorter than for FC plots
APPENDIX D

MOVES vs. CAMP Measured Emission Rates
D-1 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY1993/Age 8-9/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

003
D-2 

MOVES CO Emission Rate Bins

MY1993/Age 8-9/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

003
D-3 

MOVES NOx Emission Rate Bins

MY1993/Age 8-9/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

003
D-4 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY1994/Age 8-9/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

024

032
D-5 

MOVES CO Emission Rate Bins

MY1994/Age 8-9/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

024

032
D-6 

MOVES NOx Emission Rate Bins

MY1994/Age 8-9/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

024

032
D-7 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY1995/Age 6-7/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

001
D-8 

MOVES CO Emission Rate Bins

MY1995/Age 6-7/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

001
D-9 

MOVES NOx Emission Rate Bins

MY1995/Age 6-7/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

001
D-10 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY1996/Age 6-7/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

002

017

029

039
D-11 

MOVES CO Emission Rate Bins

MY1996/Age 6-7/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

002

017

029

039
D-12 

MOVES NOx Emission Rate Bins

MY1996/Age 6-7/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

002

017

029

039
D-13 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY1997/Age 4-5/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

014
D-14 

MOVES CO Emission Rate Bins

MY1997/Age 4-5/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

014
D-15 

MOVES NOx Emission Rate Bins

MY1997/Age 4-5/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

014
D-16 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY1998/Age 4-5/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

004

009

011
D-17 

MOVES CO Emission Rate Bins

MY1998/Age 4-5/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

004

009

011
D-18 

MOVES NOx Emission Rate Bins

MY1998/Age 4-5/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

004

009

011
D-19 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY1999/Age 0-3/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

005

006

008

025
D-20 

MOVES CO Emission Rate Bins

MY1999/Age 0-3/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

005

006

008

025
D-21 

MOVES NOx Emission Rate Bins

MY1999/Age 0-3/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

005

006

008

025
D-22 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY2000/Age 0-3/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

007

012

013

027

043
D-23 

MOVES CO Emission Rate Bins

MY2000/Age 0-3/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

007

012

013

027

043
D-24 

MOVES NOx Emission Rate Bins

MY2000/Age 0-3/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

007

012

013

027

043
D-25 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY2001/Age 0-3/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

030

035

044
D-26 

MOVES CO Emission Rate Bins

MY2001/Age 0-3/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

030

035

044
D-27 

MOVES NOx Emission Rate Bins

MY2001/Age 0-3/Car

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

030

035

044
D-28 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY1997/Age 4-5/LDT

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

THC grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

034

038
D-29 

MOVES CO Emission Rate Bins

MY1997/Age 4-5/LDT

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

CO grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

034

038
D-30 

MOVES NOx Emission Rate Bins

MY1997/Age 4-5/LDT

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 10 20 30 40

<1 mph 1 - 25 mph 25 - 50 mph >50 mph

Bin (Speed/VSP combination)

NOx grams/hour

MOVES

Ave

034

038
D-31 

MOVES THC Emission Rate Bins

MY1998/Age 4-5/LDT

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

0

5

10

15

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MY1998/Age 4-5/LDT

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

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MY1999/Age 0-3/LDT

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MY2001/Age 0-3/LDT

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Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

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028
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MY2002/Age 0-3/LDT

Sierra/Caltrans 2002 Fleet Comparison

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MY2002/Age 0-3/LDT

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028
APPENDIX E

Responses to EPA Comments
E-1 

Comment p. 48-49: Sierra describes how a comparison of Speed-Acceleration Frequency 

Distributions (SAFD's) from the gathered data and a proposed representative drive-cycle 

is not enough to determine if the representative drive-cycle is the best among the 50 

created. In addition to the SAFD comparison, Sierra constructed “a weighting function 

over those SAFD speed and acceleration bins for which high emissions were found ...”. 

However, the weighting function used (see Table 4-6) seems rather arbitrary - How does 

Sierra know this weighting function serves the purpose of providing an additional basis 

for comparison between the actual data and the representative drive-cycles?

Response: As described on p. 48, the weighting function was developed from modal 

emission test results of 12 vehicles. The measured emissions of HC, CO, and NOx from 

these vehicles were examined over the SAFD. However, since this test sample was not 

broadly representative of the fleet (nor future fleets with different emission control 

technologies), a “roughly” binary-based weighting function was developed to simply 

identify those regions within the entire speed-acceleration domain where emissions were 

higher. As explained in the report, this weighting function was used only as a 

“tiebreaker” when evaluating unweighted SAFDs (speed-acceleration frequency 

distributions) that exhibited nearly identical representativeness of their intended driving 

population. We believe this narrow use of the emissions weighting function is 

appropriate for selecting between two candidate driving cycles with very similar 

representativeness of the driving population. 

Comment p. 50: In Table 4-7, what is the “Total” column a total of? It is not the sum of 

Non-Cruise and Emis-Wtd. DiffSum's. 

Response: A clarifying sentence was added to explain the meaning of the Total Diffsum 

in Table 4-7. 

Comment p. 61: In Figure 5-14, why is there low-speed creep behavior in the Diamond 

Level-Grade On-Ramp drive-cycle? Neither the Diamond up-grade or down-grade have 

this behavior and it does not state that this is a metered on-ramp (see Figure 5-19). 

Response: The specialized on-ramp driving cycles discussed in this section of the report 

are not mutually exclusive between ramp-metering and ramp configuration (shape and 

grade). In other words, any of the ramp configurations represented in Figures 5-13 

through 5-18 can include both metered and non-metered ramps. Similarly, metered and 

non-metered ramp cycles shown in Figures 5-19 and 5-20 can include any combination of 

ramp configuration (e.g., Diamond, Level Grade). The decision to make the metering 

and ramp configuration driving groups not mutually exclusive was governed by the 

amount of available driving data. 

The low-speed creep EPA observed for the Diamond-Level Grade cycle shown in 

Figure 5-14 is indeed travel that occurred on a metered ramp. As noted in Section 5.1, 

Sierra recognized that cycles generated by grafting trip segments together tend to break 

down for these specialized on-ramp cycles (since trip segments that generally consist of 

an overall acceleration cannot be grafted together). As a result, we proposed an 
E-2 

alternative means to representing on-ramp driving patterns in MOVES—use of the 

VSP/speed bin distributions for the entire driving population. In addition, the 

Sacramento driving data on which these ramp cycles were based were somewhat limited 

and did not include broad sampling of each ramp. Thus, some of the differences in 

driving patterns seen in each on-ramp group may result from sample bias. 

Comment p. 69: In Table 6-3, the "%Diff" column is not labeled correctly. For example, 

the first entry for THC is:

 THC (grams/hour) |

 MOVES Meas %Diff 

 20.43 0.60 3% 

So in this entry, the % difference is 97% [ (20.43 - 0.6) / 20.43 = 0.97 ], not 3%. This 

column could instead be called a proportion of Meas to MOVES.

Response: EPA is correct. The narrative on p. 69 was edited to define the “%Diff 

column as the proportion of the MOVES emission rate represented by the measured 

value.

Comment p. 69-70: Sierra points out that the average CO emission rate in MOVES for 

1994 model year cars is higher than the emission rate for 1993 cars. This was confirmed 

by Ed and Sean, and a similar trend is present in the MOVES Draft database. This is 

possibly explained by the fact that the highest emitting bins are too heavily weighted and 

1994 cars are still “cleaner” because most of the emissions occur in the low emitting bins, 

but does not explain why those high emitting bins are (presumably much) higher for 1994 

cars.

Response: No response warranted. 

Comment p. C-14: In general, the ramp driving cycles do not appear logical in many 

cases, but this page in particular shows drive cycles that seem very unrealistic. For 

instance, in the on-ramp drive-cycle, the vehicle stops 3 times and it takes 240 seconds (4 

minutes). Similarly, for the off-ramp drive, the vehicle stops or nearly stops 7 times and 

it takes 350 seconds (nearly 6 minutes). 

Response: The generalized on-ramp and off-ramp cycles plotted in Appendix C, p, C-14 

should not be confused with individual ramp driving traverses. The ramp cycles plotted 

on p. C-14 were intentionally given cycle times of several minutes to increase their 

representativeness of their intended driving populations and thus can include multiple 

individual traverses. The stops EPA notes in its comment likely reflect individual 

traverses or instances where the vehicle stopped (e.g., a metered on-ramp) that allowed 

the cycle building software the ability to graft on another driving segment. 
E-3 

The fact that the specialized on-ramp driving groups contained so few segments which 

could be smoothly grafted onto each other (due to a stop or steady cruise portion) is what 

led to their shorter times and poorer fits to their driving populations. 

Comment p. C-17: The metered on-ramp drive cycle only goes up to a speed of 40 mph. 

All of the other on-ramp drive cycles go up to almost 50 mph and some up to 60mph. 

Response: The is an artifact of the limited amount of metered ramp driving data and the 

problematic use of the driving segment cycle building process for the specialized onramp cycles. The entire specialized on-ramp database consisted of some 20,400 seconds 

of driving data. Of these, only 2,886 seconds (about 14%) were collected on metered

ramps. Since meters are operated during peak commute periods, it is likely that the 

highest speeds are lower than non-metered ramps as the vehicles merge onto a congested 

freeway. Comparison of the driving statistics for the metered and non-metered ramp 

driving population groups contained in Appendix A (p. A-46 and A-47) show top speeds 

of 62 and 79 mph, respectively. Thus, the lower maximum speed of the metered driving 

data group (or driving cycle) likely results from the freeway congestion that is prevalent 

when the ramp meter is operating.