United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern

Research Station

Resource Bulletin

SRS–169

Estimates of Biomass in Logging

Residue and Standing Residual 

Inventory Following Tree-Harvest 

Activity on Timberland Acres in 

the Southern Region

Roger C. Conner and Tony G. Johnson
The Authors:

Roger C. Conner, Research Forester, U.S. Forest Service, 

Southern Research Station, Knoxville, TN 37919; and 

Tony G. Johnson, Resource Analyst, U.S. Forest Service, 

Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC 28804.

January 2011

Southern Research Station

200 W.T. Weaver Blvd.

Asheville, NC 28804

Front cover:

Logger in upland hardwoods in Arkansas. (photo by Tony G. Johnson)
i

Contents

Page

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Biomass as Defined by FIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Logging Residue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Residual Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Types of Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Survey Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Literature Cited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Index of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Tables A.1–A.26a

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

a All tables in this report are available in Microsoft® Excel workbook files. Upon request, these files will be supplied in the format the customer requests. 

The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any 

product or service.

.

Estimates of Biomass in Logging Residue 

and Standing Residual Inventory Following 

Tree-Harvest Activity on Timberland Acres in 

the Southern Region

Roger C. Conner and Tony G. Johnson

Introduction

Cyclic price fluctuations in fossil fuels often result in 

renewed interest in developing and utilizing alternative 

sources of fuel to generate energy. Woody biomass as feedstock for biofuel is one source that has been considered in the 

past.

Logging residue and the biomass in standing residual inventory trees—primarily rough and rotten trees left on harvested 

sites—offer largely untapped potential as sources for a 

sustainable supply of biofuel. Rough trees are live trees of 

commercial species not containing at least one 12-foot saw 

log, or two noncontiguous saw logs, each 8 feet or longer, 

now or prospectively, primarily because of roughness, poor 

form, splits, cracks, and with less than one-third of the gross 

board-foot tree volume in sound material; and live trees of 

noncommercial species. Rotten trees are defined similarly, 

but have less than one-third of gross board-foot tree volume 

in sound material. This report provides estimates of postharvest biomass in logging residue and residual inventory 

from timberland acres where tree cutting has occurred. 

Biomass as Defined by FIA

Biomass as defined and reported by the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis 

(FIA) is the aboveground dry weight (in tons) of wood in 

the bole and limbs of live trees ≥ 1-inch diameter at breast 

height (d.b.h.). The bole is that portion of a tree between a 

1-foot stump and a 4-inch top diameter outside bark (d.o.b.). 

FIA’s biomass estimates, derived from equations developed 

by Clark and Saucier (1990) and Saucier and Clark (1985), 

exclude tree foliage, seedlings, and understory vegetation 

(U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service 2004). 

For live residual trees, the dry weight estimates of biomass 

were doubled to convert to green weight. For harvested 

trees, cubic-foot removal volumes (including logging residue) were converted to green tons using 69.54 pounds per 

cubic foot for softwoods and 75.33 pounds per cubic foot 

for hardwoods. These conversions were derived from the 

relationship between the biomass in the merchantable portion of the tree (1-foot stump to a 4-inch d.o.b. top) and the 

cubic-foot volume in that portion. Green weight is the wood 

and bark per cubic foot of volume immediately after felling, 

when the tree’s moisture content is high. Severed trees lose 

moisture rapidly, resulting in a significant drop in weight in a 

short amount of time.

Logging Residue

Logging residue is a component of FIA’s estimates of 

total timber removals. FIA defines timber removals as the 

cubic-foot volume in trees ≥ 5.0 inches d.b.h. harvested for 

products; whole trees or portions of trees (tops, limbs, and 

bark) left behind as logging residue; and trees removed due 

to land clearing or other changes in land use. Also included 

is the biomass in trees 1.0-4.9 inches d.b.h. killed during 

logging operations. Estimates of average total removals, 

annual roundwood product output, logging residue, and 

other removals are reported in green tons for the most recent 

inventory of each Southern State. 

FIA calculates the merchantable portion (bole) of logging 

residue as the volume from a 1-foot stump to a 4-inch top 

(d.o.b.) of whole trees cut and not utilized. Underutilization 

factors derived from felled-tree utilization studies are applied 

to this volume for the remainder of the merchantable portion 

of logging residue (Bentley and Johnson 2008). Factors 

derived from standing inventory data and utilization studies 

are applied to the merchantable portion of logging residue to 

calculate the nongrowing-stock portion in tops, limbs, and 

stumps.
2

Studies suggest a 60-percent recovery rate of logging residue 

is a realistic goal for harvesting operations using conventional 

equipment (Perlack and others 2005). Estimates of available 

logging residue presented in this report reflect this plausible 

rate of recovery. 

Residual Inventory

Biomass in residual inventory is the volume (in weight) of 

standing live trees left after tree cutting activity. On final 

harvest acres, estimates of biomass include all-live standing 

residual trees (≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h.) left after harvest. On all 

other acres with evidence of tree cutting, estimates of biomass include only rough and rotten trees (≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h.) 

remaining in the standing inventory after the cutting activity.

Types of Cutting

Estimates of biomass in logging residue and standing residuals are from timberland acres that have undergone some form 

of stand treatment, i.e. there is evidence of tree cutting. Types 

of cutting range from final harvests where > 50 percent of 

the stand stocking is removed, to timber stand improvement 

where small-diameter trees are removed from immature 

stands to improve future stocking. FIA identifies five types of 

cutting:

final harvest: removal of the majority of merchantable 

trees, residual stocking is < 50 percent;

partial harvest: removal primarily consisting of higher 

quality trees due to high grading or selection harvest;

seed-tree/shelterwood: crop trees harvested leaving seed 

source trees for future stand;

commercial thinning: typically removal of poletimber-size 

trees from poletimber stands leaving sufficient stocking of 

growing-stock trees to feature in future stand development; 

and 

timber stand improvement: cleaning, release, or other stand 

improvement involving noncommercial cutting applied to 

an immature stand that leaves sufficient stocking.

Survey Years

The biomass estimates in this report are based on data from 

recent surveys conducted in the 13 Southern States. Data 

collection occurred over a range of years for each State:

State

Survey 

year

Measurement 

year

Alabama 2008 2001–08

Arkansas 2005 1996–2005

Florida 2007 2002–07

Georgia 2008 1998–2008

Kentucky 2007 1999–2007

Louisiana 2005 2001–05

Mississippi 2006 1995–2006

North Carolina 2007 2002–07

Oklahoma 2008 1994–2008

South Carolina 2007 2001–07

Tennessee 2007 1999–2007

Texas 2008 2003–08

Virginia 2007 2002–07

The tree cutting and the resulting estimates of logging residue 

and residual biomass from harvested acres occurred over a 

14-year period (1994–2008). The number of acres and types 

of cutting vary from State to State and from year to year. 

This variability complicates estimates of biomass availability. 

However, the estimates of logging residue and residual inventory for each State do provide a general estimate of what 

levels might be expected given typical harvest activity in the 

region.

Logging a hardwood site in Arkansas. (photo by Tony G. Johnson)
3

Results

Estimates of timberland acres by type of cutting, biomass in 

logging residue, and residual inventory are summarized and 

briefly discussed at the regional level. Detailed estimates 

for individual States and ownerships are provided in the 

appendix tables.

Total timberland area with evidence of tree cutting averaged 

just over 6.0 million acres annually for all 13 Southern States 

over the 14-year period from 1994 to 2008 (table 1). Final 

harvest was the primary type of cutting and averaged almost 

2.3 million acres annually. Partial harvest and commercial 

thinning accounted for 1.7 million acres, and 1.8 million 

acres, respectively. Combined, seed-tree/shelterwood cutting 

and timber stand improvement cutting averaged to 215,000 

acres. Estimates of biomass in logging residue and residual 

inventory are a result of tree cutting on these acres.

Table 1—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting and the 

biomass in standing residual trees after harvest, the South, 

1994–2008

Type of cutting

Annual 

timberland

acres

Biomass in residual 

inventory trees

thousand thousand 

green tons

Final harvest 2,298.5 456,956

Partial harvest 1,704.2 75,007

Commercial thinning 1,798.3 193,423

Seed-tree/shelterwood 100.9 4,489

Timber stand improvement 114.1 7,151

Total 6,016.0 737,026

Table 2—Green weight of recoverable logging residue by size 

class of harvested trees, the South, 1995–2008

Recoverable logging residue 

in harvested treesa

Size class of 

harvested trees Merchantableb

Nonmerchantablec Total

inches thousand green tons

> 5 25,868 29,194 55,062

< 5 0 7,830 7,830

All trees 25,868 37,023 62,891

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

a Green weight of logging residue assumes a maximum of 60 percent of 

total residue produced is recoverable.

b For harvested trees ≥ 5.0 inches diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), the 

volume in the bole from a 1-foot stump to a 4-inch top.

c For harvested trees ≥ 5.0 inches d.b.h., it is the volume in the portion 

of the tree above a 4-inch top, and the volume in limbs to a 1-inch end 

diameter. Also includes total volume (from 1-foot stump to a 1-inch top 

diameter) of trees < 5.0 inches d.b.h.

As a result of annual tree cutting of all types in all 13 Southern States, a total of > 737 million green tons of residual 

biomass in standing live trees remained after harvesting 

(table 1). Of that volume, biomass in all-live residual 

inventory trees (≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h.) on all final harvest acres 

amounted to nearly 457 million green tons. Biomass in rough 

and rotten trees from all other cutting combined totaled just 

over 280 million green tons. 

Table 2 shows the distribution of recoverable logging residue 

for softwood and hardwood biomass combined. Recall the 

accepted recovery rate was set at 60 percent of the biomass 

in logging residue produced during harvest operations. The 

estimates in table 2 do not include stump volume which 

is considered unrecoverable. Based on expert opinion, the 

logging residue from nonmerchantable trees (< 5.0 inches 

d.b.h.) killed during the logging was adjusted to include only 

20 percent as recoverable biomass (Lupold 2008). 

With those adjustments, loggers could potentially recover 

almost 62.9 million green tons of biomass generated from 

all types of cutting activity in all 13 States. The bulk of the 

recoverable biomass (55.1 million green tons) would come 

from the harvest of trees > 5.0 inches d.b.h.

Logging a hardwood site in North Georgia. (photo by Tony G. Johnson)
4

Summary

Tree cutting activities can leave a wide ranging amount of 

biomass in logging residue and standing residuals. Harvest 

activity of all types in all 13 Southern States occurring 

between 1994 and 2008 resulted in an estimated 799.9 million green tons of biomass in logging residue and residual 

inventory, combined (tables A.1 and A.2). This unutilized 

material could be harvested as part of the original logging 

operation, eliminating the need for a costly second site visit. 

In addition, harvesting logging residue and standing residuals 

would leave a much cleaner site, reducing site prep and 

planting costs.

If recovered, this material could be used to help supply a 

biofuels industry in the South. However, collecting and 

transporting biomass are difficult and costly processes for 

loggers to undertake. Moreover, specialized equipment such 

as chippers, grinders, and chip vans would likely be needed 

to recover the material. 

Logging residue is currently not utilized for a variety of 

reasons, including the general lack of markets. The recent 

upswing in fossil fuel prices could renew interest in biofuels 

and help create those markets (Scott and Tiarks 2008, Straka 

and others 2004). Increased demand would result in higher 

prices per delivered ton, making harvesting biomass a 

financially viable activity for loggers and create an additional 

source of income for forest landowners. 

Literature Cited

Bentley, J.W.; Johnson, T.G. 2008. South Carolina harvest and utilization 

study, 2006. Resour. Bull. SRS–140. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of 

Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 24 p.

Clark, A., III; Saucier, J.R. 1990. Tables for estimating total tree weights, 

stem weights, and volumes of planted and natural southern pines in the 

Southeast. Georgia For. Res. Pap. 79. Georgia Forestry Commission, 

Research Division. 23 p.

Lupold, H.M. (Mac). 2008. [Personal communication]. Oct. 3. Columbia, 

SC: Lupold Consulting, Inc.

Perlack, R.D.; Wright, L.L.; Turhollow, A. [and others]. 2005. Biomass as 

feedstock for a bioenergy and bioproducts industry: the technical feasibility of a billion-ton annual supply. ORNL/TM–2005/66. Washington, DC: 

U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest 

Service. 73 p.

Saucier, J.R.; Clark, A., III. 1985. Tables for estimating total tree and product 

weight and volume of major southern tree species and species groups. 

Washington, DC: Southwide Energy Committee, American Pulpwood 

Association. 59 p.

Scott, D.A.; Tiarks, A. 2008. Dual-cropping loblolly pine for biomass energy 

and conventional wood products. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry. 

32(1): 33–37.

Straka, T.J.; Irwin, H.T.; Adams, T.O. 2004. Small-diameter timber: problem 

or opportunity? Carolina Forestry Journal. July: 4–5.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 2004. Forest inventory and 

analysis national core field guide: field data collection procedures for 

phase 2 plots. Version 2.0. Washington, DC. 208 p. Vol. I. Internal report. 

On file with: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Forest 

Inventory and Analysis, 201 14th Street, Washington, DC 20250.
Appendix

7

Index of Tables

Table A.1—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting, by 

ownership class and type of cutting, the South, 1994–2008

Table A.2—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting, by 

State and type of cutting, 1994–2008

Table A.3—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting, by 

State, ownership class, and type of cutting, 1994–2008

Table A.4—Green weight of biomass in standing residual 

inventory trees on timberland acres with tree cutting, by 

ownership class and type of cutting, the South, 1994–2008

Table A.5—Green weight of biomass in standing residual 

inventory trees on timberland acres with tree cutting, by State 

and type of cutting, 1994–2008

Table A.6—Green weight of biomass in residual inventory 

trees on timberland acres with tree cutting, by State, 

ownership class, and type of cutting, 1994–2008

Table A.7—Green weight of biomass in residual inventory 

trees on timberland acres with tree cutting, by State, species 

group, and diameter class, 1994–2008

Table A.8—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting and 

the biomass in residual inventory trees after cutting, by State 

and type of cutting, 1994–2008

Table A.9—Green weight of recoverable logging residue by 

State, 1995–2008

Table A.10—Green weight of softwood recoverable logging 

residue by State, 1995–2008

Table A.11—Green weight of hardwood recoverable logging 

residue by State, 1995–2008

Table A.12—Volume of timber removals by removals class, 

species group, and source, the South, 1995–2008

Table A.13—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, the South, 1995–2008

Table A.14—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Alabama, 2001–08

Table A.15—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Arkansas, 1996–2004

Table A.16—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Florida, 1995–2007

Table A.17—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Georgia, 1997–2008

Table A.18—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Kentucky, 1988–2007

Table A.19—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Louisiana, 1991–2003

Table A.20—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Mississippi, 1995–2005

Table A.21—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, North Carolina, 2002–07

Table A.22—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Oklahoma (east), 1994–

2008

Table A.23—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, South Carolina, 2001–07

Table A.24—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Tennessee, 1999–2007

Table A.25—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Texas (east), 2003–07

Table A.26—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Virginia, 2002–07

9

Table A.1—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting, by ownership class and type of cutting, the South, 

1994–2008

Ownership class

Type of cutting

All

cutting

Final

harvest

Commercial

thinning

Partial 

harvest

Seed-tree/

shelterwood

Timber stand

improvement

thousand acres

National forest 13.7 30.3 34.5 7.4 15.4 101.2

Other public 52.0 41.3 50.1 1.8 10.0 155.2

Forest industry 616.2 461.1 230.7 19.3 17.9 1,345.2

Private 1,616.7 1,171.5 1,483.0 72.5 70.8 4,414.5

Total 2,298.5 1,704.2 1,798.2 100.9 114.1 6,015.9

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.2—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting, by State and type of cutting, 1994–2008

Type of cutting

State

Final

harvest

Commercial

thinning

Partial 

harvest

Seed-tree/

shelterwood

Timber stand

improvement

All

cutting

thousand acres

Alabama 366.4 275.2 164.6 14.9 15.6 836.7

Arkansas 164.2 138.5 263.2 8.5 25.9 600.2

Florida 190.6 61.9 69.1 3.3 5.5 330.5

Georgia 296.1 316.6 129.3 16.2 18.0 776.2

Kentucky 16.6 10.7 255.3 5.5 4.1 292.2

Louisiana 218.8 150.7 148.2 12.6 5.2 535.6

Mississippi 266.1 150.1 158.4 5.4 2.8 582.8

North Carolina 227.5 101.8 87.1 2.1 10.6 429.2

Oklahoma (east) 38.0 19.8 43.0 0.8 0.0 101.5

South Carolina 149.8 200.0 63.9 13.2 13.0 439.8

Tennessee 56.6 4.4 161.5 3.9 1.2 227.6

Texas (east) 174.4 219.4 136.8 11.9 1.9 544.3

Virginia 133.6 55.1 117.9 2.6 10.4 319.6

Total 2,298.5 1,704.2 1,798.3 100.9 114.1 6,016.0

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

0.0 = no sample for the cell or a value > 0.0 but < 0.05.
10

Table A.3—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting, by State, ownership class, and type of cutting, 

1994–2008

State and

ownership class

Type of cutting

All

cutting

Final

harvest

Commercial

thinning

Partial 

harvest

Seed-tree/

shelterwood

Timber stand

improvement

thousand acres

Alabama

National forest 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.6

Other public 5.1 3.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 11.1

Forest industry 87.0 58.3 14.3 5.8 1.0 166.4

Private 273.3 213.4 147.8 9.1 14.0 657.6

Total 366.4 275.2 164.6 14.9 15.6 836.7

Arkansas

National forest 1.3 12.1 13.4 3.0 10.3 40.1

Other public 0.2 3.4 4.6 0.0 1.7 10.0

Forest industry 97.0 66.1 72.0 3.1 5.8 243.9

Private 65.7 56.9 173.2 2.4 8.1 306.3

Total 164.2 138.5 263.2 8.5 25.9 600.2

Florida

National forest 3.8 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.0 5.9

Other public 20.4 8.5 7.3 0.7 1.6 38.4

Forest industry 35.6 4.0 4.3 0.0 0.9 44.8

Private 130.8 49.0 56.7 1.9 3.1 241.4

Total 190.6 61.9 69.1 3.3 5.5 330.5

Georgia

National forest 0.4 0.4 0.0 1.3 0.6 2.7

Other public 6.3 7.1 5.8 0.0 1.7 20.8

Forest industry 79.5 49.5 10.0 2.4 5.0 146.3

Private 210.0 259.6 113.6 12.5 10.8 606.4

Total 296.1 316.6 129.3 16.2 18.0 776.2

Kentucky

National forest 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 2.3

Other public 0.4 1.2 4.3 0.0 0.9 6.9

Forest industry 0.9 1.4 5.6 0.0 0.7 8.5

Private 15.3 8.1 243.0 5.5 2.5 274.5

Total 16.6 10.7 255.3 5.5 4.1 292.2

Louisiana

National forest 1.4 6.1 5.6 0.0 1.3 14.4

Other public 1.5 0.2 8.2 0.0 0.0 10.0

Forest industry 106.5 88.4 41.0 4.8 3.42 244.1

Private 109.5 56.0 93.3 7.8 0.43 267.1

Total 218.8 150.7 148.2 12.6 5.2 535.5

Mississippi

National forest 3.2 3.6 8.6 0.9 0.0 16.2

Other public 6.1 2.3 5.8 0.0 0.5 14.6

Forest industry 44.3 31.9 15.1 0.4 0.0 91.7

Private 212.5 112.4 128.9 4.1 2.4 460.2

Total 266.1 150.1 158.4 5.4 2.8 582.8

continued
11

Table A.3—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting, by State, ownership class, and type of cutting, 

1994–2008

State and

ownership class

Type of cutting

All

cutting

Final

harvest

Commercial

thinning

Partial 

harvest

Seed-tree/

shelterwood

Timber stand

improvement

thousand acres

North Carolina

National forest 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.6 4.1

Other public 2.4 6.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 9.7

Forest industry 34.8 35.1 12.9 0.0 1.2 84.1

Private 190.3 60.1 73.5 0.5 6.8 331.3

Total 227.5 101.8 87.1 2.1 10.6 429.2

Oklahoma (east)

National forest 0.0 1.5 1.1 0.0 0.0 2.6

Other public 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.8

Forest industry 16.2 8.5 2.1 0.0 0.0 26.8

Private 21.8 9.8 39.0 0.8 0.0 71.3

Total 38.0 19.8 43.0 0.8 0.0 101.5

South Carolina

National forest 0.1 3.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 4.0

Other public 4.8 5.9 1.7 1.1 3.7 17.2

Forest industry 27.5 22.7 9.4 0.0 0.0 59.6

Private 117.4 167.7 52.6 12.1 9.3 359.0

Total 149.8 200.0 63.9 13.2 13.0 439.8

Tennessee

National forest 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Other public 1.7 0.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 7.0

Forest industry 13.6 1.4 10.5 0.0 0.0 25.5

Private 41.3 3.0 144.7 3.9 1.2 194.1

Total 56.6 4.4 161.5 3.9 1.2 227.5

Texas (east)

National forest 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3

Other public 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.6

Forest industry 60.1 87.8 19.6 2.7 0.0 170.2

Private 114.1 129.3 116.7 9.2 1.9 371.2

Total 174.4 219.4 136.8 11.9 1.9 544.3

Virginia

National forest 2.6 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 3.9

Other public 2.9 2.6 2.7 0.0 0.0 8.1

Forest industry 13.3 6.1 13.9 0.0 0.0 33.3

Private 114.8 46.4 100.0 2.6 10.4 274.2

Total 133.6 55.1 117.9 2.6 10.4 319.6

All States 

National forest 13.7 30.3 34.5 7.4 15.4 101.2

Other public 52.0 41.3 50.1 1.8 10.0 155.2

Forest industry 616.2 461.1 230.7 19.3 17.9 1,345.2

Private 1,616.7 1,171.5 1,483.0 72.5 70.8 4,414.5

Total 2,298.5 1,704.2 1,798.2 100.9 114.1 6,015.9

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

0.0 = no sample for the cell or a value > 0.0 but < 0.05.

(continued)
12

Table A.4—Green weight of biomass in standing residual inventory trees on timberland acres with tree cutting, by 

ownership class and type of cutting, the South, 1994–2008

Ownership class

Type of cutting

All

cutting

Final

harvesta

Commercial

thinning

Partial

harvest

Seed-tree/

shelterwood

Timber stand

improvement

green tons

National forest 3,058,432 1,497,049 2,933,543 221,667 884,975 8,595,666

Other public 8,034,426 1,512,763 5,872,901 6,213 622,001 16,048,305

Forest industry 96,805,832 15,953,401 15,871,654 455,276 203,293 129,289,457

Private 349,057,003 56,043,949 168,744,777 3,805,579 5,440,852 583,092,161

Total 456,955,694 75,007,163 193,422,875 4,488,735 7,151,122 737,025,588

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

a For final harvest acres standing residual inventory includes the biomass in live trees ≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h. For all other cutting standing 

residual inventory includes only rough and rotten trees ≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h.

Table A.5—Green weight of biomass in standing residual inventory trees on timberland acres with tree cutting, by 

State and type of cutting, 1994–2008 

State

Type of cutting

All

cutting

Final

harvesta

Commercial

thinning

Partial

harvest

Seed-tree/

shelterwood

Timber stand

improvement

green tons

Alabama 92,635,050 13,440,342 15,295,299 527,190 827,880 122,725,761

Arkansas 11,432,001 4,677,250 19,137,790 272,051 1,060,81 36,579,905

Florida 19,140,348 1,691,902 9,824,545 31,524 590,953 31,279,272

Georgia 137,130,761 13,460,480 13,737,496 863,572 728,414 165,920,722

Kentucky 4,757,110 1,120,672 34,381,706 400,730 502,403 41,162,622

Louisiana 35,470,815 5,946,774 17,042,359 993,875 90,093 59,543,915

Mississippi 83,682,236 13,492,240 29,291,962 299,022 983,772 127,749,232

North Carolina 11,017,841 2,432,158 4,285,963 23,576 412,072 18,171,610

Oklahoma (east) 7,347,535 3,038,150 10,667,759 192,046 0 21,245,490

South Carolina 21,501,230 8,907,719 3,682,025 530,618 311,180 34,932,772

Tennessee 21,955,229 812,545 21,675,923 113,389 843,622 45,400,707

Texas (east) 4,082,436 4,343,807 3,836,019 66,495 18,110 12,346,866

Virginia 6,803,103 1,643,124 10,564,029 174,645 781,809 19,966,710

Total 456,955,694 75,007,163 193,422,875 4,488,733 7,151,120 737,025,584

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

a For final harvest acres standing residual inventory includes the biomass in live trees ≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h. For all other cutting standing residual 

inventory includes only rough and rotten trees ≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h.
13

Table A.6—Green weight of biomass in residual inventory trees on timberland acres with tree cutting, by State, 

ownership class, and type of cutting, 1994–2008

State and

ownership class

Type of cutting

All

cutting

Final

harvesta

Commercial

thinning

Partial

harvest

Seed-tree/

shelterwood

Timber stand

improvement

green tons

Alabama

National forest 281,605 0 0 0 21,627 303,233

Other public 1,119,220 532,253 688,538 0 0 2,340,011

Forest industry 19,387,989 2,607,059 941,862 165,757 15,974 23,118,641

Private 71,846,235 10,301,031 13,664,900 361,432 790,278 96,963,877

Total 92,635,050 13,440,342 15,295,299 527,190 827,880 122,725,761

Arkansas

National forest 183,630 243,603 326,433 129,375 565,385 1,448,426

Other public 0 112,214 604,683 0 51,556 768,453

Forest industry 4,385,682 1,966,725 4,735,715 61,122 85,184 11,234,429

Private 6,862,689 2,354,707 13,470,960 81,554 358,687 23,128,597

Total 11,432,001 4,677,250 19,137,790 272,051 1,060,813 36,579,905

Florida

National forest 267,120 25,989 20,304 0 0 313,413

Other public 1,725,839 252,797 633,712 6,213 221,171 2,839,731

Forest industry 2,975,609 32,010 554,021 0 0 3,561,640

Private 14,171,780 1,381,106 8,616,508 25,313 369,784 24,564,491

Total 19,140,348 1,691,902 9,824,545 31,526 590,955 31,279,276

Georgia

National forest 420,975 25,342 0 6,091 16,620 469,027

Other public 2,127,292 112,606 203,390 0 766 2,444,054

Forest industry 33,921,211 1,822,214 1,347,762 122,470 13,925 37,227,582

Private 100,661,284 11,500,318 12,186,345 735,011 697,103 125,780,059

Total 137,130,761 13,460,480 13,737,496 863,572 728,414 165,920,722

Kentucky

National forest 0 0 455,317 0 0 455,317

Other public 23,795 38,732 944,348 0 96,253 1,103,128

Forest industry 0 5,475 246,834 0 0 252,309

Private 4,733,316 1,076,465 32,735,206 400,730 406,151 39,351,868

Total 4,757,110 1,120,672 34,381,706 400,730 502,403 41,162,622

Louisiana

National forest 426,962 196,311 384,224 0 1,883 1,009,380

Other public 147,654 0 1,091,743 0 0 1,239,398

Forest industry 13,427,697 2,946,452 3,570,817 81,048 88,209 20,114,223

Private 21,468,502 2,804,011 11,995,575 912,827 0 37,180,915

Total 35,470,815 5,946,774 17,042,359 993,875 90,093 59,543,915

Mississippi

National forest 1,271,743 589,725 1,026,269 64,681 0 2,952,418

Other public 1,436,485 110,266 881,142 0 222,467 2,650,360

Forest industry 10,612,481 3,059,823 1,468,428 24,017 0 15,164,748

Private 70,361,527 9,732,426 25,916,123 210,325 761,305 106,981,705

Total 83,682,236 13,492,240 29,291,962 299,022 983,772 127,749,232

continued
14

Table A.6—Green weight of biomass in residual inventory trees on timberland acres with tree cutting, by State, 

ownership class, and type of cutting, 1994–2008

State and

ownership class

Type of cutting

All

cutting

Final

harvesta

Commercial

thinning

Partial

harvest

Seed-tree/

shelterwood

Timber stand

improvement

green tons

North Carolina

National forest 0 0 0 21,521 279,459 300,980

Other public 2,100 169,981 0 0 0 172,081

Forest industry 2,356,520 588,866 781,470 0 0 3,726,855

Private 8,659,222 1,673,311 3,504,493 2,055 132,613 13,971,695

Total 11,017,841 2,432,158 4,285,963 23,576 412,072 18,171,610

Oklahoma (east)

National forest 0 364,187 193,217 0 0 557,404

Other public 0 0 150,403 0 0 150,403

Forest industry 2,556,493 902,230 437,990 0 0 3,896,712

Private 4,791,042 1,771,733 9,886,149 192,046 0 16,640,971

Total 7,347,535 3,038,150 10,667,759 192,046 0 21,245,490

South Carolina

National forest 0 40,466 0 0 0 40,466

Other public 260,343 146,747 16,967 0 29,788 453,846

Forest industry 2,656,212 490,905 197,422 0 0 3,344,539

Private 18,584,675 8,229,601 3,467,636 530,618 281,391 31,093,921

Total 21,501,230 8,907,719 3,682,025 530,618 311,180 34,932,772

Tennessee

National forest 0 0 10,816 0 0 10,816

Other public 1,114,929 0 437,442 0 0 1,552,371

Forest industry 3,469,183 311,140 680,350 0 0 4,460,673

Private 17,371,116 501,406 20,547,315 113,389 843,622 39,376,847

Total 21,955,229 812,545 21,675,923 113,389 843,622 45,400,707

Texas (east)

National forest 0 11,426 0 0 0 11,426

Other public 0 0 93,412 0 0 93,412

Forest industry 798,956 1,001,696 336,075 862 0 2,137,589

Private 3,283,479 3,330,685 3,406,532 65,633 18,110 10,104,439

Total 4,082,436 4,343,807 3,836,019 66,495 18,110 12,346,866

Virginia

National forest 206,398 0 516,963 0 0 723,361

Other public 76,769 37,168 127,120 0 0 241,057

Forest industry 257,799 218,807 572,910 0 0 1,049,517

Private 6,262,136 1,387,149 9,347,037 174,645 781,809 17,952,775

Total 6,803,103 1,643,124 10,564,029 174,645 781,809 19,966,710

All States

National forest 3,058,432 1,497,049 2,933,543 221,667 884,975 8,595,666

Other public 8,034,426 1,512,763 5,872,901 6,213 622,001 16,048,305

Forest industry 96,805,832 15,953,401 15,871,654 455,276 203,293 129,289,457

Private 349,057,003 56,043,949 168,744,777 3,805,579 5,440,852 583,092,161

Total 456,955,694 75,007,163 193,422,875 4,488,735 7,151,122 737,025,588

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

a For final harvest acres standing residual inventory includes the biomass in live trees ≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h. For all other cutting standing 

residual inventory includes only rough and rotten trees ≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h.

(continued)
15

Table A.7—Green weight of biomass in residual inventory trees on timberland acres with tree cutting, by State, species group, and diameter class, 1994–2008State and species group All classes 

Diameter class (inches)

1.0–2.9 3.0–4.9 5.0–6.9 7.0–8.9 9.0–10.9 11.0–12.9 13.0–14.9 15.0–16.9 17.0–18.9 19.0–20.9 21.0–28.9 ≥ 29.0

green tonsa

Alabama

Softwood 52,957,146 1,140,590 2,275,841 4,811,003 7,882,574 9,160,529 7,628,959 6,286,933 5,829,450 3,144,745 1,404,896 3,391,627 0

Hardwood 69,768,615 9,978,496 8,383,937 7,207,294 7,464,699 6,817,163 7,108,801 6,105,026 4,720,787 3,832,228 3,020,486 3,323,751 1,805,945

All species 122,725,761 11,119,086 10,659,777 12,018,297 15,347,273 15,977,692 14,737,759 12,391,959 10,550,237 6,976,973 4,425,383 6,715,379 1,805,945

Arkansas

Softwood 6,800,128 4,874,865 4,861,783 4,934,867 4,931,785 4,821,313 4,936,737 4,858,897 4,623,711 4,577,689 4,577,689 4,577,689 4,577,689

Hardwood 29,779,776 5,687,804 4,184,018 3,050,715 2,754,415 2,272,080 1,735,607 1,380,817 1,754,881 1,644,128 713,526 3,001,531 1,600,255

All species 36,579,905 10,562,670 9,045,801 7,985,582 7,686,200 7,093,393 6,672,344 6,239,714 6,378,592 6,221,817 5,291,215 7,579,220 6,177,944

Florida

Softwood 14,731,132 2,035,903 5,875,979 3,854,126 1,540,269 540,689 278,125 144,648 150,560 128,367 0 182,469 0

Hardwood 16,548,143 2,002,912 1,701,920 1,508,025 1,415,618 811,552 1,174,371 800,167 789,836 360,545 708,539 1,619,059 3,655,600

All species 31,279,276 4,038,815 7,577,899 5,362,151 2,955,887 1,352,240 1,452,495 944,815 940,396 488,911 708,539 1,801,528 3,655,600

Georgia

Softwood 88,522,765 1,375,476 3,578,246 11,364,818 18,234,650 17,492,134 12,882,478 7,412,823 6,038,174 3,865,834 1,051,506 4,558,618 668,011

Hardwood 77,397,957 8,887,058 9,824,642 7,301,106 6,920,495 7,615,048 6,878,576 7,226,988 5,588,819 3,425,118 3,809,793 5,439,529 4,480,783

All species 165,920,722 10,262,535 13,402,888 18,665,923 25,155,145 25,107,182 19,761,054 14,639,811 11,626,993 7,290,952 4,861,299 9,998,147 5,148,795

Kentucky

Total softwood 2,835,736 100,876 336,490 454,672 428,101 300,998 149,588 118,129 383,515 190,862 372,507 0 0

Total hardwood 38,326,886 3,690,070 4,177,260 2,910,684 2,899,071 3,368,971 3,562,063 2,706,457 2,515,097 2,849,543 1,461,947 5,103,408 3,082,313

All species 41,162,622 3,790,946 4,513,750 3,365,356 3,327,172 3,669,970 3,711,652 2,824,585 2,898,612 3,040,405 1,834,454 5,103,408 3,082,313

Louisiana

Softwood 20,346,387 2,272,871 5,599,779 5,363,962 2,375,300 1,107,479 616,754 858,597 623,581 286,018 602,286 639,765 0

Hardwood 39,197,528 7,337,079 5,259,835 3,279,149 2,830,299 2,487,190 1,936,504 2,255,862 2,165,801 1,999,433 1,767,593 4,782,171 3,096,613

All species 59,543,915 9,609,950 10,859,613 8,643,110 5,205,599 3,594,669 2,553,258 3,114,459 2,789,382 2,285,451 2,369,880 5,421,935 3,096,613

Mississippi

Softwood 53,794,215 4,289,044 10,818,582 18,129,393 10,965,493 3,544,581 2,442,395 871,868 1,320,732 624,054 482,839 305,235 0

Hardwood 73,955,017 16,274,975 12,275,402 7,957,661 6,707,095 5,342,665 4,611,298 3,013,788 3,240,539 2,113,352 1,938,267 5,508,544 4,163,467

All species 127,749,232 20,564,019 23,093,984 26,087,054 17,672,588 8,887,245 7,053,693 3,885,655 4,561,271 2,737,406 2,421,106 5,813,779 4,163,467

continued
16

Table A.7—Green weight of biomass in residual inventory trees on timberland acres with tree cutting, by State, species group, and diameter class, 1994–2008State and species group All classes

Diameter class (inches)

1.0–2.9 3.0–4.9 5.0–6.9 7.0–8.9 9.0–10.9 11.0–12.9 13.0–14.9 15.0–16.9 17.0–18.9 19.0–20.9 21.0–28.9 ≥ 29.0

green tonsa

North Carolina

Softwood 3,551,858 471,706 346,093 326,569 426,156 543,618 529,960 510,808 39,895 70,215 0 286,840 0

Hardwood 14,619,752 2,652,313 2,202,842 1,646,598 1,528,970 1,344,611 1,039,531 981,655 797,445 483,569 560,968 485,332 895,918

All species 18,171,610 3,124,019 2,548,935 1,973,167 1,955,126 1,888,230 1,569,491 1,492,463 837,340 553,785 560,968 772,172 895,918

Oklahoma (east)

Softwood 5,980,509 367,972 886,594 1,677,119 1,700,246 428,868 263,766 239,769 121,695 191,589 0 102,896 0

Hardwood 15,264,981 2,197,812 2,723,300 1,923,439 1,835,786 1,725,941 1,166,787 1,307,354 891,991 484,089 344,957 330,414 333,112

All species 21,245,490 2,565,784 3,609,894 3,600,557 3,536,033 2,154,809 1,430,553 1,547,124 1,013,685 675,678 344,957 433,310 333,112

South Carolina

Softwood 12,534,331 345,789 736,215 1,192,593 2,157,770 2,682,327 1,702,018 501,589 713,085 914,600 795,451 430,586 362,310

Hardwood 22,398,442 3,259,011 3,194,178 2,179,493 1,864,307 1,758,289 2,138,466 1,702,106 1,805,172 1,277,409 750,618 1,469,247 1,000,146

All species 34,932,772 3,604,800 3,930,392 3,372,086 4,022,077 4,440,615 3,840,484 2,203,695 2,518,257 2,192,009 1,546,069 1,899,833 1,362,456

Tennessee

Softwood 8,345,439 179,511 441,546 1,026,346 1,935,674 1,505,654 959,713 1,225,785 559,689 272,250 239,271 0 0

Hardwood 37,055,268 3,197,049 4,788,916 3,456,378 4,007,257 3,146,470 3,577,663 4,301,669 3,165,841 1,726,842 787,455 3,319,960 1,579,766

All species 45,400,707 3,376,560 5,230,462 4,482,724 5,942,932 4,652,124 4,537,376 5,527,455 3,725,531 1,999,092 1,026,725 3,319,960 1,579,766

Texas (east)

Softwood 1,529,978 129,018 140,025 264,365 180,544 297,747 212,967 150,137 0 68,543 86,637 0 0

Hardwood 10,816,888 2,413,132 1,839,149 1,098,573 939,582 630,773 457,560 490,940 480,534 215,024 227,426 1,583,332 440,865

All species 12,346,866 2,542,150 1,979,174 1,362,938 1,120,126 928,520 670,527 641,077 480,534 283,567 314,063 1,583,332 440,865

Virginia

Softwood 1,817,235 213,826 271,018 215,998 311,934 357,863 165,790 146,102 51,507 83,202 0 0 0

Hardwood 18,149,476 2,138,407 1,900,190 2,019,883 2,178,900 2,187,136 1,888,978 1,313,026 1,173,135 586,921 632,006 990,633 1,140,261

All species 19,966,710 2,352,232 2,171,208 2,235,881 2,490,834 2,544,999 2,054,767 1,459,128 1,224,642 670,123 632,006 990,633 1,140,261

All States

Softwood 273,746,860 17,797,447 36,168,189 53,615,829 53,070,497 42,783,798 32,769,251 23,326,085 20,455,594 14,417,969 9,613,083 14,475,726 5,608,011

Hardwood 463,278,728 69,716,119 62,455,587 45,538,997 43,346,494 39,507,888 37,276,204 33,585,855 29,089,879 20,998,202 16,723,581 36,956,912 27,275,044

All species 737,025,588 87,513,566 98,623,776 99,154,826 96,416,991 82,291,686 70,045,454 56,911,939 49,545,473 35,416,171 26,336,664 51,432,638 32,883,055

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.a For final harvest acres standing residual inventory includes the biomass in live trees ≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h. For all other cutting standing residual inventory includes only rough and rotten trees ≥

(continued)

 1.0-inch d.b.h.
17

State and type of cutting

Annual

acres

Biomass in residual

inventory treesa

thousand green tons

per acre

thousand 

green tons 

per year

Alabama

Final harvest 366.4 49 17,952

Partial harvest 164.6 18 2,966

Seed-tree/shelterwood 14.9 8 112

Commercial thinning 275.2 10 2,761

Timber stand improvement 15.6 10 155

Total 836.7 23,946

Arkansas

Final harvest 164.2 9 1,506

Partial harvest 263.2 10 2,560

Seed-tree/shelterwood 8.5 4 35

Commercial thinning 138.5 5 651

Timber stand improvement 25.9 6 158

Total 600.2 4,910

Florida

Final harvest 190.6 10 1,930

Partial harvest 69.1 14 998

Seed-tree/shelterwood 3.3 1 3

Commercial thinning 61.9 3 164

Timber stand improvement 5.5 11 60

Total 330.5 3,155

Georgia

Final harvest 296.1 90 26,713

Partial harvest 129.3 20 2,626

Seed-tree/shelterwood 16.2 11 180

Commercial thinning 316.6 8 2,614

Timber stand improvement 18.0 11 194

Total 776.2 32,328

Kentucky

Final harvest 16.6 61 1,013

Partial harvest 255.3 29 7,430

Seed-tree/shelterwood 5.5 17 94

Commercial thinning 10.7 23 251

Timber stand improvement 4.1 23 96

Total 292.2 8,885

State and type of cutting

Annual

acres

Biomass in residual

inventory treesa

thousand green tons

per acre

thousand 

green tons 

per year

Louisiana

Final harvest 218.8 15 3,286

Partial harvest 148.2 11 1,689

Seed-tree/shelterwood 12.6 8 105

Commercial thinning 150.7 4 631

Timber stand improvement 5.2 2 9

Total 535.5 5,720

Mississippi

Final harvest 266.1 25 6,666

Partial harvest 158.4 15 2,445

Seed-tree/shelterwood 5.4 5 27

Commercial thinning 150.1 8 1,185

Timber stand improvement 2.8 26 74

Total 582.8 10,396

North Carolina

Final harvest 227.5 9 2,139

Partial harvest 87.1 12 1,006

Seed-tree/shelterwood 2.1 3 6

Commercial thinning 101.8 4 449

Timber stand improvement 10.6 10 103

Total 429.2 3,703

Oklahoma (east)

Final harvest 38.0 14 537

Partial harvest 43.0 18 761

Seed-tree/shelterwood 0.8 16 13

Commercial thinning 19.8 11 219

Timber stand improvement 0.0 0 0

Total 101.5 1,530

South Carolina

Final harvest 149.8 30 4,492

Partial harvest 63.9 13 803

Seed-tree/shelterwood 13.2 9 113

Commercial thinning 200.0 9 1,883

Timber stand improvement 13.0 5 68

Total 439.8 7,359

continued

Table A.8—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting and the biomass in residual inventory trees after cutting, by State and type of 

cutting, 1994–2008
18

State and type of cutting

Annual

acres

Biomass in residual

inventory treesa

thousand green tons

per acre

thousand 

green tons 

per year

Virginia

Final harvest 133.6 10 1,380

Partial harvest 117.9 20 2,304

Seed-tree/shelterwood 2.6 12 31

Commercial thinning 55.1 6 357

Timber stand improvement 10.4 22 232

Total 319.6 4,304

All States

Final harvest 2,298.5 NA 72,794

Partial harvest 1,798.3 NA 30,685

Seed-tree/shelterwood 100.9 NA 756

Commercial thinning 1,704.2 NA 12,600

Timber stand improvement 114.1 NA 1,328

Total 6,016.0 118,164

State and type of cutting

Annual

acres

Biomass in residual

inventory treesa

thousand green tons

per acre

thousand 

green tons 

per year

Tennessee

Final harvest 56.6 70 3,986

Partial harvest 161.5 25 3,985

Seed-tree/shelterwood 3.9 4 17

Commercial thinning 4.4 33 144

Timber stand improvement 1.2 151 175

Total 227.6 8,307

Texas (east)

Final harvest 174.4 7 1,193

Partial harvest 136.8 8 1,113

Seed-tree/shelterwood 11.9 2 21

Commercial thinning 219.4 6 1,291

Timber stand improvement 1.9 2 4

Total 544.3 3,622

NA = not applicable.

Table A.8—Annual timberland acres with tree cutting and the biomass in residual inventory trees after cutting, by State and type of 

cutting, 1994–2008 (continued)

a For final harvest acres standing residual inventory includes the biomass in live trees ≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h. For all other cutting standing residual inventory includes 

only rough and rotten trees ≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h.
19

Table A.9—Green weight of recoverable logging residue by State, 1995–2008

State

Size class of 

harvested trees

Recoverable logging residue in harvested treesa

Total tons 

Merchantable per acre b

Nonmerchantablec Total

Tons 

per acre

inches green tons

Alabama > 5 2,234,732 4,183,694 6,418,426 7.671 14.102

< 5 0 1,533,394 1,533,394 1.833 1.833

All trees 2,234,732 5,717,088 7,951,820 9.504 15.935

Arkansas > 5 2,425,034 2,839,876 5,264,910 8.771 15.018

< 5 0 340,598 340,598 0.567 2.837

All trees 2,425,034 3,180,474 5,605,508 9.339 17.855

Florida > 5 1,282,277 948,498 2,230,775 6.750 12.595

< 5 0 619,389 619,389 1.874 1.874

All trees 1,282,277 1,567,887 2,850,164 8.624 14.469

Georgia > 5 2,664,347 3,488,159 6,152,506 7.927 14.371

< 5 0 1,359,689 1,359,689 1.752 8.759

All trees 2,664,347 4,847,848 7,512,195 9.679 23.130

Kentucky > 5 2,261,579 1,742,417 4,003,996 13.704 23.403

< 5 0 235,979 235,979 0.808 0.808

All trees 2,261,579 1,978,396 4,239,975 14.512 24.211

Louisiana > 5 2,943,617 2,804,053 5,747,670 10.580 18.690

< 5 0 819,126 819,126 1.508 1.508

All trees 2,943,617 3,623,179 6,566,796 12.088 20.198

Mississippi > 5 2,582,667 2,395,683 4,978,350 6.583 14.948

< 5 0 538,664 538,664 0.929 0.929

All trees 2,582,667 2,934,347 5,517,014 9.512 15.877

North Carolina > 5 2,429,605 3,028,189 5,457,794 12.717 21.987

< 5 0 479,159 479,159 1.117 1.117

All trees 2,429,605 3,507,348 5,936,953 13.834 23.104

Oklahoma (east) > 5 258,995 219,073 478,068 4.691 8.519

< 5 0 102,624 102,624 1.007 1.007

All trees 258,995 321,697 580,692 5.698 9.526

South Carolina > 5 1,530,963 2,658,961 4,189,924 9.474 16.771

< 5 0 583,485 583,485 1.319 1.319

All trees 1,530,963 3,242,446 4,773,409 10.793 18.090

Tennessee > 5 1,456,669 1,148,166 2,604,835 11.447 19.847

< 5 0 300,510 300,510 1.321 1.321

All trees 1,456,669 1,448,676 2,905,345 12.768 21.168

Texas (east) > 5 1,475,700 1,629,523 3,105,223 5.692 10.078

< 5 0 482,760 482,760 0.885 0.885

All trees 1,475,700 2,112,283 3,587,983 6.577 10.963

Virginia > 5 2,321,834 2,107,247 4,429,081 13.858 24.004

< 5 0 434,141 434,141 1.358 1.358

All trees 2,321,834 2,541,388 4,863,222 15.217 25.362

South > 5 25,868,019 29,193,539 55,061,558 9.131 16.079

< 5 0 7,829,518 7,829,518 1.298 1.298

All trees 25,868,019 37,023,057 62,891,076 10.429 17.377

a

 Green weight of logging residue assumes a maximum of 60 percent of total residue produced is recoverable.

b

 For harvested trees ≥ 5.0 inches diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), the volume in the bole from a 1-foot stump to a 4-inch top.

c

 For harvested trees ≥ 5.0 inches d.b.h., it is the volume in the portion of the tree above a 4-inch top, and the volume in limbs to a 1-inch end 

diameter. Also includes total volume (from 1-foot stump to a 1-inch top diameter) of trees < 5.0 inches d.b.h.
20

Table A.10—Green weight of softwood recoverable logging residue by State, 1995–2008

State

Size class of 

harvested trees

Logging residue in harvested treesa

Total tons 

Merchantable per acre b

Nonmerchantablec Total

Tons 

per acre

inches green tons

Alabama > 5 977,492 2,992,228 3,969,720 4.744 8.545

< 5 0 667,179 667,179 0.797 0.797

All trees 977,492 3,659,407 4,636,899 5.542 9.342

Arkansas > 5 1,288,806 1,694,334 2,983,140 4.970 8.436

< 5 0 115,745 115,745 0.193 0.193

All trees 1,288,806 1,810,079 3,098,885 5.163 8.629

Florida > 5 700,663 779,742 1,480,405 4.480 8.527

< 5 0 489,720 489,720 1.482 1.482

All trees 700,663 1,269,462 1,970,125 5.961 10.009

Georgia > 5 1,435,193 2,633,966 4,069,159 5.243 9.371

< 5 0 734,649 734,649 0.947 0.947

All trees 1,435,193 3,368,615 4,803,808 6.189 10.318

Kentucky > 5 79,995 40,720 120,715 0.413 0.715

< 5 0 15,565 15,565 0.053 0.053

All trees 79,995 56,285 136,280 0.466 0.768

Louisiana > 5 1,357,848 1,953,327 3,311,175 6.095 10.629

< 5 0 315,586 315,586 0.581 0.581

All trees 1,357,848 2,268,913 3,626,761 6.676 11.210

Mississippi > 5 820,163 809,505 1,629,668 2.810 4.912

< 5 0 221,949 221,949 0.383 0.383

All trees 820,163 1,031,454 1,851,617 3.192 5.295

North Carolina > 5 928,335 1,661,252 2,589,587 6.034 10.366

< 5 0 200,044 200,044 0.466 0.466

All trees 928,335 1,861,296 2,789,631 6.586 10.832

Oklahoma (east) > 5 89,950 78,968 168,918 1.657 3.083

< 5 0 44,821 44,821 0.440 0.440

All trees 89,950 123,789 213,739 2.097 3.523

South Carolina > 5 951,204 2,153,997 3,105,201 7.021 12.401

< 5 0 410,970 410,970 0.929 0.929

All trees 951,204 2,564,967 3,516,171 7.950 13.330

Tennessee > 5 398,959 286,334 685,293 3.012 5.214

< 5 0 72,394 72,394 0.318 0.318

All trees 398,959 358,728 757,687 3.330 5.532

Texas (east) > 5 843,482 1,285,752 2,129,234 3.903 6.911

< 5 0 308,686 308,686 0.566 0.566

All trees 843,482 1,594,438 2,437,920 4.469 7.477

Virginia > 5 668,844 793,853 1,462,697 4.577 8.046

< 5 0 216,044 216,044 0.676 0.676

All trees 668,844 1,009,897 1,678,741 5.253 8.722

South > 5 10,540,934 17,163,978 27,704,912 4.594 8.085

< 5 0 3,813,352 3,813,352 0.632 0.632

All trees 10,540,934 20,977,330 31,518,264 5.208 8.717

a

 Green weight of logging residue assumes a maximum of 60 percent of total residue produced is recoverable.

b

 For harvested trees ≥ 5.0 inches diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), the volume in the bole from a 1-foot stump to a 4-inch top.

c

 For harvested trees ≥ 5.0 inches d.b.h., it is the volume in the portion of the tree above a 4-inch top, and the volume in limbs to a 1-inch end 

diameter. Also includes total volume (from 1-foot stump to a 1-inch top diameter) of trees < 5.0 inches d.b.h.
21

Table A.11—Green weight of hardwood recoverable logging residue by State, 1995–2008

State

Size class of 

harvested tree

Recoverable logging residue in harvested treesa

Total tons 

Merchantable per acre b

Nonmerchantablec Total

Tons 

per acre

inches green tons

Alabama > 5 1,257,240 1,191,466 2,448,706 2.927 5.557

< 5 0 866,215 866,215 1.035 1.035

All trees 1,257,240 2,057,681 3,314,921 3.962 6.592

Arkansas > 5 1,136,228 1,145,542 2,281,770 3.801 6.582

< 5 0 224,853 224,853 0.375 0.375

All trees 1,136,228 1,370,395 2,506,623 4.176 6.957

Florida > 5 581,615 168,757 750,372 2.271 4.068

< 5 0 129,669 129,669 0.392 0.392

All trees 581,615 298,426 880,041 2.663 4.460

Georgia > 5 1,229,154 854,194 2,083,348 2.684 5.000

< 5 0 625,039 625,039 0.805 0.805

All trees 1,229,154 1,479,233 2,708,387 3.490 5.805

Kentucky > 5 2,181,584 1,701,697 3,883,281 13.291 22.688

< 5 0 220,414 220,414 0.754 0.754

All trees 2,181,584 1,922,111 4,103,695 14.046 23.442

Louisiana > 5 1,585,768 850,726 2,436,494 4.485 8.061

< 5 0 503,540 503,540 0.927 0.927

All trees 1,585,768 1,354,266 2,940,034 5.412 8.988

Mississippi > 5 1,762,504 1,586,179 3,348,683 5.773 10.036

< 5 0 316,716 316,716 0.546 0.546

All trees 1,762,504 1,902,895 3,665,399 6.319 10.582

North Carolina > 5 1,501,270 1,366,937 2,868,207 6.683 11.621

< 5 0 279,116 279,116 0.650 0.650

All trees 1,501,270 1,646,053 3,147,323 7.334 12.271

Oklahoma (east) > 5 169,044 140,105 309,149 3.033 5.436

< 5 0 57,803 57,803 0.567 0.567

All trees 169,044 197,908 366,952 3.600 6.003

South Carolina > 5 579,759 504,964 1,084,723 2.453 4.370

< 5 0 172,515 172,515 0.390 0.390

All trees 579,759 677,479 1,257,238 2.843 4.760

Tennessee > 5 1,057,710 861,832 1,919,542 8.436 14.633

< 5 0 228,116 228,116 1.002 1.002

All trees 1,057,710 1,089,948 2,147,658 9.412 15.635

Texas (east) > 5 632,218 343,770 975,988 1.789 3.167

< 5 0 174,074 174,074 0.319 0.319

All trees 632,218 517,844 1,150,062 2.108 3.486

Virginia > 5 1,652,990 1,313,393 2,966,383 9.281 15.958

< 5 0 218,098 218,098 0.682 0.682

All trees 1,652,990 1,531,491 3,184,481 9.963 16.640

South > 5 15,327,084 12,029,562 27,356,646 4.536 7.994

< 5 0 4,016,168 4,016,168 0.666 0.666

All trees 15,327,084 16,045,730 31,372,814 5.179 8.660

a

 Green weight of logging residue assumes a maximum of 60 percent of total residue produced is recoverable.

b

 For harvested trees ≥ 5.0 inches diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), the volume in the bole from a 1-foot stump to a 4-inch top.

c

 For harvested trees ≥ 5.0 inches d.b.h., it is the volume in the portion of the tree above a 4-inch top, and the volume in limbs to a 1-inch end 

diameter. Also includes total volume (from 1-foot stump to a 1-inch top diameter) of trees < 5.0 inches d.b.h.
22

Table A.12—Volume of timber removals by removals class, 

species group, and source, the South, 1995–2008

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

thousand cubic feet

Roundwood products

Softwood 6,075,131 5,760,646 314,485

Hardwood 2,664,869 2,569,774 95,095

Total 8,740,000 8,330,420 409,580

Logging residues

Softwood 1,609,952 470,246 1,139,707

Hardwood 1,432,777 657,005 775,772

Total 3,042,729 1,127,251 1,915,478

Other removals

Softwood 607,966 493,452 114,514

Hardwood 1,219,492 972,868 246,623

Total 1,827,457 1,466,320 361,137

Total removals

Softwood 8,293,049 6,724,343 1,568,706

Hardwood 5,317,138 4,199,648 1,117,490

Total 13,610,187 10,923,991 2,686,196

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.13—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, the South, 1995–2008

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 210,823,935 199,909,386 10,914,549

Hardwood 101,752,538 98,118,830 3,633,708

Total 312,576,473 298,028,216 14,548,257

Logging residues

Softwood 55,873,460 16,318,742 39,554,718

Hardwood 54,729,029 25,085,702 29,643,327

Total 110,602,489 41,404,444 69,198,045

Other removals

Softwood 21,098,392 17,124,064 3,974,328

Hardwood 46,569,772 37,145,951 9,423,821

Total 67,668,164 54,270,015 13,398,149

Total removals

Softwood 287,795,787 233,352,192 54,443,595

Hardwood 203,051,339 160,350,483 42,700,856

Total 490,847,126 393,702,675 97,144,451

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.14—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Alabama, 2001–08

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 29,401,533 29,110,611 290,922

Hardwood 10,947,187 10,892,675 54,512

Total 40,348,720 40,003,286 345,434

Logging residues

Softwood 8,305,899 1,503,834 6,802,065

Hardwood 5,309,707 2,167,655 3,142,052

Total 13,615,606 3,671,489 9,944,117

Other removals

Softwood 1,359,107 1,103,448 255,659

Hardwood 2,165,411 1,739,621 425,790

Total 3,524,518 2,843,069 681,449

Total removals

Softwood 39,066,539 31,717,893 7,348,646

Hardwood 18,422,305 14,799,951 3,622,354

Total 57,488,844 46,517,844 10,971,000

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.15—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Arkansas, 1996–2004

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 16,673,003 16,342,998 330,005

Hardwood 9,290,074 9,142,573 147,501

Total 25,963,077 25,485,571 477,506

Logging residues

Softwood 5,833,538 1,982,779 3,850,759

Hardwood 4,609,037 1,748,043 2,860,994

Total 10,442,575 3,730,822 6,711,753

Other removals

Softwood 1,414,757 1,194,921 219,836

Hardwood 3,024,583 2,502,506 522,077

Total 4,439,340 3,697,427 741,913

Total removals

Softwood 23,921,298 19,520,698 4,400,600

Hardwood 16,923,694 13,393,122 3,530,572

Total 40,844,992 32,913,820 7,931,172

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
23

Table A.16—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Florida, 1995–2007

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 16,000,015 14,264,473 1,735,542

Hardwood 2,209,330 1,958,925 250,405

Total 18,209,345 16,223,398 1,985,947

Logging residues

Softwood 3,155,455 1,045,765 2,109,690

Hardwood 1,450,147 969,358 480,789

Total 4,605,602 2,015,123 2,590,479

Other removals

Softwood 1,084,070 866,449 217,621

Hardwood 2,122,067 1,698,038 424,029

Total 3,206,137 2,564,487 641,650

Total removals

Softwood 20,239,540 16,176,687 4,062,853

Hardwood 5,781,544 4,626,321 1,155,223

Total 26,021,084 20,803,008 5,218,076

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.17—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Georgia, 1997–2008

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 35,711,617 33,407,626 2,303,991

Hardwood 7,932,854 7,930,590 2,264

Total 43,644,471 41,338,216 2,306,255

Logging residues

Softwood 8,238,131 2,207,990 6,030,141

Hardwood 4,416,106 1,982,506 2,433,600

Total 12,654,237 4,190,496 8,463,741

Other removals

Softwood 4,160,781 3,371,773 789,008

Hardwood 5,094,139 4,089,305 1,004,834

Total 9,254,920 7,461,078 1,793,842

Total removals

Softwood 48,110,529 38,987,389 9,123,140

Hardwood 17,443,099 14,002,401 3,440,698

Total 65,553,628 52,989,790 12,563,838

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.18—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Kentucky, 1988–2007

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 392,254 347,459 44,795

Hardwood 7,699,473 7,506,999 192,474

Total 8,091,727 7,854,458 237,269

Logging residues

Softwood 227,595 129,024 98,571

Hardwood 7,551,788 3,356,282 4,195,506

Total 7,779,383 3,485,306 4,294,077

Other removals

Softwood 807,085 620,378 186,707

Hardwood 3,681,355 2,622,187 1,059,168

Total 4,488,440 3,242,565 1,245,875

Total removals

Softwood 1,426,934 1,096,861 330,073

Hardwood 18,932,616 13,485,468 5,447,148

Total 20,359,550 14,582,329 5,777,221

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.19—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Louisiana, 1991–2003

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 20,238,351 19,752,955 485,396

Hardwood 8,158,485 7,790,262 368,223

Total 28,396,836 27,543,217 853,619

Logging residues

Softwood 6,754,216 2,088,997 4,665,219

Hardwood 5,021,268 2,642,947 2,378,321

Total 11,775,484 4,731,944 7,043,540

Other removals

Softwood 1,438,723 1,159,812 278,911

Hardwood 3,039,341 2,393,768 645,573

Total 4,478,064 3,553,580 924,484

Total removals

Softwood 28,431,290 23,001,764 5,429,526

Hardwood 16,219,094 12,826,977 3,392,117

Total 44,650,384 35,828,741 8,821,643

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
24

Table A.20—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Mississippi, 1995–2005

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 23,544,012 20,381,227 3,162,785

Hardwood 11,739,494 11,359,871 379,623

Total 35,283,506 31,741,098 3,542,408

Logging residues

Softwood 3,197,478 1,261,790 1,935,688

Hardwood 6,542,457 2,937,506 3,604,951

Total 9,739,935 4,199,296 5,540,639

Other removals

Softwood 485,317 392,472 92,845

Hardwood 3,485,859 2,954,104 531,755

Total 3,971,176 3,346,576 624,600

Total removals

Softwood 27,226,807 22,035,489 5,191,318

Hardwood 21,767,810 17,251,481 4,516,329

Total 48,994,617 39,286,970 9,707,647

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.21—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, North Carolina, 2002–07

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 17,652,932 17,198,535 454,397

Hardwood 11,700,513 11,452,451 248,062

Total 29,353,445 28,650,986 702,459

Logging residues

Softwood 5,157,168 1,428,208 3,728,960

Hardwood 5,688,451 2,502,117 3,186,334

Total 10,845,619 3,930,325 6,915,294

Other removals

Softwood 2,752,340 2,247,569 504,771

Hardwood 7,359,776 5,906,177 1,453,599

Total 10,112,116 8,153,746 1,958,370

Total removals

Softwood 25,562,440 20,874,312 4,688,128

Hardwood 24,748,740 19,860,745 4,887,995

Total 50,311,180 40,735,057 9,576,123

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.22—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Oklahoma (east), 1994–2008

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 2,580,636 2,238,028 342,608

Hardwood 1,612,869 1,532,213 80,656

Total 4,193,505 3,770,241 423,264

Logging residues

Softwood 349,577 128,501 221,076

Hardwood 642,249 241,492 400,757

Total 991,826 369,993 621,833

Other removals

Softwood 129,161 104,327 24,834

Hardwood 677,737 533,045 144,692

Total 806,898 637,372 169,526

Total removals

Softwood 3,059,374 2,470,856 588,518

Hardwood 2,932,855 2,306,750 626,105

Total 5,992,229 4,777,606 1,214,623

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.23—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, South Carolina, 2001–07

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 18,279,275 18,242,804 36,471

Hardwood 4,865,394 4,726,506 138,888

Total 23,144,669 22,969,310 175,359

Logging residues

Softwood 6,172,529 1,585,340 4,587,189

Hardwood 2,189,695 966,265 1,223,430

Total 8,362,224 2,551,605 5,810,619

Other removals

Softwood 2,807,105 2,275,659 531,446

Hardwood 2,459,822 1,984,863 474,959

Total 5,266,927 4,260,522 1,006,405

Total removals

Softwood 27,258,909 22,103,803 5,155,106

Hardwood 9,514,911 7,677,634 1,837,277

Total 36,773,820 29,781,437 6,992,383

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
25

Table A.24—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Tennessee, 1999–2007

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 2,988,488 2,889,614 98,874

Hardwood 10,137,293 9,324,941 812,352

Total 13,125,781 12,214,555 911,226

Logging residues

Softwood 1,320,771 613,783 706,988

Hardwood 3,771,783 1,762,850 2,008,933

Total 5,092,554 2,376,633 2,715,921

Other removals

Softwood 725,878 590,139 135,739

Hardwood 3,847,806 3,065,547 782,259

Total 4,573,684 3,655,686 917,998

Total removals

Softwood 5,035,137 4,093,536 941,601

Hardwood 17,756,882 14,153,338 3,603,544

Total 22,792,019 18,246,874 4,545,145

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.25—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Texas (east), 2003–07

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 18,398,526 17,158,891 1,239,635

Hardwood 5,313,899 4,659,516 654,383

Total 23,712,425 21,818,407 1,894,018

Logging residues

Softwood 4,276,702 1,297,665 2,979,037

Hardwood 1,885,869 1,053,697 832,172

Total 6,162,571 2,351,362 3,811,209

Other removals

Softwood 1,433,631 1,166,977 266,654

Hardwood 2,039,043 1,617,990 421,053

Total 3,472,674 2,784,967 687,707

Total removals

Softwood 24,108,859 19,623,533 4,485,326

Hardwood 9,238,811 7,331,203 1,907,608

Total 33,347,670 26,954,736 6,392,934

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table A.26—Green weight of timber removals by removals 

class, species group, and source, Virginia, 2002–07

Removals class

and species group

All

sources

Source

All live

removals

Other

sources

green tons

Roundwood products

Softwood 8,963,294 8,574,166 389,128

Hardwood 10,145,675 9,841,310 304,365

Total 19,108,969 18,415,476 693,493

Logging residues

Softwood 2,884,395 1,045,068 1,839,327

Hardwood 5,650,472 2,754,984 2,895,488

Total 8,534,867 3,800,052 4,734,815

Other removals

Softwood 2,500,438 2,030,139 470,299

Hardwood 7,572,833 6,038,800 1,534,033

Total 10,073,271 8,068,939 2,004,332

Total removals

Softwood 14,348,127 11,649,373 2,698,754

Hardwood 23,368,980 18,635,094 4,733,886

Total 37,717,107 30,284,467 7,432,640

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Conner, Roger C.; Johnson, Tony G. 2011. Estimates of biomass in logging residue and standing 

residual inventory following tree-harvest activity on timberland acres in the southern region. Resour. 

Bull. SRS–169. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research 

Station. 25 p.

This report provides estimates of biomass (green tons) in logging residue and standing residual inventory on timberland acres with evidence of tree cutting. Biomass as defined by Forest Inventory and 

Analysis is the aboveground dry weight of wood in the bole and limbs of live trees ≥ 1-inch diameter at 

breast height (d.b.h.), and excludes tree foliage, seedlings, and understory vegetation. Total timberland 

area with evidence of tree cutting averaged just over 6.0 million acres per year for all 13 Southern States 

over a 14-year period from 1994 to 2008. Final harvest was the primary type of cutting and averaged 

almost 2.3 million acres. Partial harvest and commercial thinning accounted for 1.8 million acres, and 

1.7 million acres, respectively. As a result of annual tree cutting of all types in all 13 Southern States, 

a total of > 737 million green tons of residual biomass in standing live trees remained after harvesting. 

Of that volume, biomass in all-live residual inventory trees (≥ 1.0-inch d.b.h.) on final harvest acres 

amounted to nearly 457 million green tons. Biomass in rough and rotten trees from all other cutting 

combined totaled just over 280 million green tons. If recovered, this material could be used to help 

supply a biofuels industry in the South.

Keywords: Annual inventory, biofuel, felled-tree utilization, FIA, forest landowner, loggers, 

recoverable biomass, timber removals, tree harvesting.
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is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the 

Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, 

forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with 

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increasingly greater service to a growing Nation.

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