COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA 

Present: Judges Alston, Chafin and Senior Judge Haley 

JACOB BRANCH 

 MEMORANDUM OPINION*

 

v. Record No. 0211-18-2 PER CURIAM 

 JULY 24, 2018 

RICHMOND CITY DEPARTMENT 

 OF SOCIAL SERVICES 

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF RICHMOND 

Bradley B. Cavedo, Judge 

 (Richard H. Lippson, on brief), for appellant. 

 (Matthew R. Morris, Assistant City Attorney; Donald Richardson, 

Guardian ad litem for the minor child, on brief), for appellee. 

 Jacob Branch (father) appeals an order terminating his parental rights to his child. Father 

argues that (1) the circuit court’s decision was “clearly erroneous” because “it did not receive 

sufficient evidence of [the Richmond City Department of Social Services’ (the Department)] 

compliance with its affirmative duty to investigate . . . [father’s] relatives” and find that the 

Department “had met its affirmative statutory obligation to investigate [father’s] potential relative 

placements prior to recommending adoption and termination of the residual parental rights of 

[father];” and (2) the circuit court erred by finding that there was clear and convincing evidence to 

terminate his parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(2). Upon reviewing the record and 

briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily 

affirm the decision of the circuit court. See Rule 5A:27. 

 

 *

 Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 

UNPUBLISHED 
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BACKGROUND 

 “On appeal, ‘we view the evidence and all reasonable inferences in the light most 

favorable to the prevailing party below, in this case the Department.’” Farrell v. Warren Cty. 

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 59 Va. App. 375, 386, 719 S.E.2d 329, 334 (2012) (quoting Jenkins v. 

Winchester Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 12 Va. App. 1178, 1180, 409 S.E.2d 16, 18 (1991)). 

 Father and Toesheba Barksdale (mother) are the biological parents of the child who is the 

subject of this appeal. Father was forty-six years old, and mother was sixteen years old when she 

became pregnant with the child. 

 In September 2014, the child, who was six years old at the time, lived with mother. The 

Department received a child protective services complaint alleging domestic violence in the 

home and substance abuse by mother. The Department interviewed the child, who confirmed 

that mother and her boyfriend, Andre Madison, had been fighting on September 4, 2014, and did 

not stop until the child stepped in between them. The Department also asked the child about her 

father, but the child referred to Madison as her father. When asked if the child “had any other 

dads,” the child responded no. The Department spoke with mother about father, and mother 

reported that father only saw the child twice per year. Subsequently, the Department spoke with 

father, who indicated that he had been involved in the child’s life but had not spoken with mother 

in more than a year. He reported that he did not see the child regularly because he could not 

communicate with mother; instead, he would ask the maternal grandmother about the child. He 

never filed a petition seeking visitation with the child. 

 In November 2014, mother gave birth to a baby, who tested positive for heroin, cocaine, 

and methadone.1

 Although she initially denied using drugs, mother later admitted that she used 

 1

 Madison is the biological father to the baby. Since father is not the biological parent to 

the baby and the baby is not the subject of this appeal, we will not discuss the baby herein. 
- 3 - 

cocaine and heroin within seven days of the baby’s birth. The Department also learned that the 

child had not been seen by a doctor for a well check-up in two years and had missed two medical 

appointments in 2014. Because of the recent domestic violence incident, mother’s “lack of 

attention to [the child’s] healthcare and needs,” and the baby’s positive tests for cocaine, heroin, 

and methadone, the Department removed the child from mother’s care on November 14, 2014. 

 The Department investigated several relatives, including the maternal grandmother and a 

maternal great aunt, as possible placement options for the child. The Department investigated 

the maternal grandmother as a possible relative placement, but she was an ineligible placement 

because of a prior barrier crime. The Department could not locate the maternal great aunt. 

When the Department asked father if he was willing to take the child in order to avoid 

foster care, father reported that “he was unable to take [the child] because of his living situation.” 

Father lived with another person, and father was not on the lease for that apartment. The 

guardian ad litem discussed with father the appropriateness of his housing, but father continued 

to live there “for a while.” Father reported that he did not want to “get a larger place” unless he 

knew that the Department was going to place the child with him. The Department explained that 

“that’s not how things work. If he wanted custody of his daughter, he would have needed to put 

forth that effort to get a larger place that could accommodate her so that that home could be 

evaluated . . . .” 

 While the child was in foster care, the Department offered visitation to father, and he 

regularly participated in visits with the child. The social worker testified that “the visits went 

well.” 

 The City of Richmond Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (the JDR court) 

ordered father to participate in parenting classes at Stop Child Abuse Now (SCAN). Initially, he 

was compliant. However, on August 5, 2015, the County of Henrico Circuit Court found father 
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guilty of assault and battery of a family or household member for an incident that occurred on 

November 20, 2014, and sentenced him to twelve months in jail.2

 Then, on September 17, 2015, 

the County of Chesterfield Circuit Court found father guilty of creating an unlawful image and 

disseminating a photograph to harass, with an offense date of February 4, 2015, and sentenced 

him to a total of twenty-four months in jail, with eighteen months suspended.3

 As a result of his 

incarceration, father did not finish his parenting classes, and even after he was released from jail, 

he did not complete the parenting classes. 

 On September 29, 2015, the Department filed a petition to terminate father’s parental 

rights. On November 24, 2015, the JDR court terminated father’s parental rights.4 Father 

appealed to the circuit court. 

For the first time, on the same day as the termination hearing in the JDR court, father 

provided the Department with the names of his mother and his cousin as possible relative 

placements. The Department spoke with father’s cousin, who lived in Connecticut. Father’s 

cousin had never met or had any contact with the child. His cousin did not become involved in 

the matter. 

 In March 2016, several weeks after he was released from jail, father contacted the 

Department about visiting the child. When asked why he had not contacted them sooner, he 

explained that he was trying to obtain employment and housing. He visited with the child on 

March 8, 2016, which was his first visit since July 2015. 

 2

 The County of Henrico Circuit Court found father not guilty of a charge of 

strangulation. 

3

 The sentences ran concurrently. 

4

 The JDR court also terminated mother’s parental rights, and she appealed to the circuit 

court. 
- 5 - 

 On March 21, 2016 and November 21, 2017, the parties appeared before the circuit 

court.5

 The Department presented evidence that the child was doing well in foster care and 

excelling in school. When the child entered foster care, she was behind in school, but she 

received tutoring and was on grade level at the time of the circuit court hearing. The child is in a 

possible adoptive placement. 

 At the conclusion of the Department’s evidence, mother made a motion to strike and 

argued that the Department did not investigate all possible relatives. The circuit court denied 

mother’s motion. Father joined in mother’s motion to strike and also argued that the Department 

did not “provide[] a sufficient basis for terminating his parental rights.” The circuit court denied 

father’s motion. 

 Father testified that he always had wanted custody of the child, but he admitted that he 

never filed for custody of the child. He denied telling the Department that he was unwilling to 

have the child live with him at the time of the removal. In March 2016, he moved in with his 

adult daughter for approximately seven or eight months. Then, for the two to three months prior 

to the circuit court hearing, father had lived in a private house, with a tenant living below him. 

Father explained that he received disability, which paid the rent, and he did freelance 

photography work. 

When asked why he did not disclose any relatives as possible placements until the 

termination hearing in the JDR court, father testified, “I just came in here to do the right thing 

and try to take control of my child, and I didn’t really want to put nobody else into my family life 

or social life or however you want to put it.” His cousin visited him while he was incarcerated 

 5

 Only the Department presented its case on March 21, 2016, and the case was continued 

to another date to allow the parents to present their cases. The delay in the hearings occurred 

because of issues regarding mother’s counsel. The parents presented their cases on November 

21, 2017. 
- 6 - 

and told father that he would be willing to care for the child. Father told his cousin that he had 

“been trying to do this all by [himself].” Father testified that he was separated from his wife, and 

although she offered to come to the hearing with him, he refused and explained, “The same thing 

I have been saying earlier, I don’t really want nobody else involved in this. . . . I don’t want to 

go no further than this. I just want to keep it with me.” 

Father indicated that he visited with the child as often as he was allowed, and after the 

termination hearing in the JDR court, he was allowed to visit once per month. However, he 

recently missed two of the monthly visitations because he was caring for his mother, who had 

Stage 3 cancer.6

At the conclusion of all of the evidence, mother renewed her motion to strike and argued 

that the Department had not investigated all of the possible relative placements. Father joined in 

with mother’s arguments regarding relative placements and also argued that the Department had 

not presented clear and convincing evidence to terminate his parental rights. After hearing all of 

the arguments, the circuit court took the matter under advisement, and on January 10, 2018, 

issued a memorandum opinion and order. The circuit court terminated father’s parental rights 

pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).7

 This appeal followed. 

ANALYSIS 

Relative placement 

 Father argues that the circuit court’s decision was “clearly erroneous” because the 

Department did not comply with its duty to investigate father’s relatives as potential relative 

placements. Before terminating a parent’s rights, “the court shall give a consideration to 

granting custody to relatives of the child, including grandparents.” Code § 16.1-283(A). “This 

 6

 In his opening brief, father reported that his mother has since passed away. 

7

 The circuit court terminated mother’s parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B). 
- 7 - 

Court has held that this provision obligates [the Department] ‘to produce sufficient evidence so 

that the court may properly determine whether there are relatives willing and suitable to take 

custody of the child, and to consider such relatives in comparison to other placement options.’” 

Castillo v. Loudoun Cty. Dep’t of Family Servs., 68 Va. App. 547, 567, 811 S.E.2d 835, 845 

(2018) (quoting Brown v. Spotsylvania Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 43 Va. App. 205, 217, 597 S.E.2d 

214, 220 (2004)). 

 In its memorandum opinion and order, the circuit court reviewed the Department’s 

investigation of the child’s maternal grandmother and maternal great aunt, as well as the baby’s 

paternal grandmother. The circuit court concluded that the Department “met its burden to 

investigate reasonable alternatives to termination as mandated by Va. Code § 16.1-283(A).” The 

circuit court further found that “[a]fter due consideration of these alternative placements, . . . 

none of the alternative placements presented provide a home for [the child] conducive to 

effective childrearing.” 

 Although mother addressed father’s relatives in her motion to strike and renewed motion 

to strike, and father incorporated mother’s arguments into his own, the circuit court never 

addressed the Department’s investigation of father’s relatives. “Because the record does not 

show that the trial court ruled on appellant’s argument, there is no ruling of the trial court for this 

Court to review on appeal.” Duva v. Duva, 55 Va. App. 286, 299, 685 S.E.2d 842, 849 (2009); 

see also Fisher v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 447, 454, 431 S.E.2d 886, 890 (1993). 

Accordingly, this Court will not address father’s first assignment of error. 

Termination of parental rights

 Father argues that the circuit court erred by terminating his parental rights pursuant to 

Code § 16.1-283(C)(2), which states that a circuit court may terminate parental rights if: 

The parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or 

unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed 12 months 
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from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy 

substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation 

of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the 

reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health 

or other rehabilitative agencies to such end. 

 “Where, as here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great 

weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support 

it.” Fauquier Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs. v. Ridgeway, 59 Va. App. 185, 190, 717 S.E.2d 811, 814 

(2011) (quoting Martin v. Pittsylvania Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20, 348 S.E.2d 

13, 16 (1986)). “When considering termination of parental rights, ‘the paramount consideration 

of a trial court is the child’s best interests.’” Id. (quoting Logan v. Fairfax Cty. Dep’t of Human 

Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991)). 

 Father asserts that he was compliant with the Department’s requirements. He contends 

that he maintained contact with the Department and attended meetings and hearings. He enrolled 

in parenting classes, but admitted that he did not complete them because he was incarcerated. He 

argues that his incarceration was relatively short, from August 2015 until February 2016, and 

should not affect the fact that he wanted custody of the child. He further asserts that he regularly 

visited with the child.8

 He also contends that he had suitable housing and sufficient financial 

means to meet the child’s needs. 

 8

 The circuit court erroneously stated in its memorandum opinion and order that father 

visited the child only once after he was released from incarceration. We find that this is harmless 

error, especially considering all of the other evidence supporting the circuit court’s ruling. An 

appellate court “will not reverse a trial court for evidentiary errors that were harmless to the ultimate 

result.” Carter v. Commonwealth, 293 Va. 537, 544, 800 S.E.2d 498, 502 (2017) (quoting Shifflett 

v. Commonwealth, 289 Va. 10, 12, 766 S.E.2d 906, 908 (2015)). “In Virginia, non-constitutional 

error is harmless ‘[w]hen it plainly appears from the record and the evidence given at the trial that 

the parties have had a fair trial on the merits and substantial justice has been reached.’” Andrews v. 

Creacey, 56 Va. App. 606, 625, 696 S.E.2d 218, 227 (2010) (quoting Code § 8.01-678). An error 

may be found harmless when “overwhelming expert and other evidence support[s] the court’s 

ultimate holding.” Jenkins v. Winchester Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 12 Va. App. 1178, 1185-86, 409 

S.E.2d 16, 21 (1991). 
- 9 - 

 “[S]ubsection C termination decisions hinge not so much on the magnitude of the 

problem that created the original danger to the child, but on the demonstrated failure of the 

parent to make reasonable changes.” Toms v. Hanover Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 257, 

271, 616 S.E.2d 765, 772 (2005). “Considerably more ‘retrospective in nature,’ subsection C 

requires the court to determine whether the parent has been unwilling or unable to remedy the 

problems during the period in which he has been offered rehabilitation services.” Id. (quoting 

City of Newport News Dep’t of Soc. Servs. v. Winslow, 40 Va. App. 556, 562-63, 580 S.E.2d 

463, 466 (2003)). 

 The circuit court held that termination of father’s parental rights was in the best interests 

of the child and that father “failed to remedy substantially the conditions leading to, or requiring 

the continuation of, foster care.” The circuit court expressed concern about father’s history with 

mother and “the various allegations arising out of their relationship.” The circuit court noted that 

father was forty-six years old and that mother was sixteen years old when she became pregnant 

with the child. 

 The circuit court further held that at the time of the removal, father reported that he could 

not take custody of the child due to choices he had made about his living situation. The circuit 

court acknowledged that father “recently improved his living situation,” but was concerned about 

“the stability of this situation.” At the time of the circuit court hearing, father had lived in his 

current apartment for only two or three months. The circuit court also was concerned about 

father’s “varied monthly income.” 

 In addition, the circuit court considered father’s recent incarceration and his suspended 

sentences. Father was convicted of assault and battery of a family or household member, who 

was identified as his estranged wife. He also was convicted of creating an unlawful image and 

disseminating a photo to harass. Despite the fact that the parties “offered little factual 
- 10 - 

background” regarding the charges, the circuit court recognized that father was incarcerated for 

months while the child was in foster care and when the Department filed its petition to terminate 

his parental rights. Once he was released from jail, father failed to complete the Department’s 

requirements, including the parenting classes. The circuit court held that from the time of the 

termination hearing in the JDR court to the time of final hearing in the circuit court, father “was 

allowed almost two years to correct the conditions leading to [the child’s] removal,” but he failed 

to do so. 

 Meanwhile, the child was doing very well in foster care and was in an adoptive 

placement. At the time of the circuit court hearing, the child had been in foster care for almost 

three years. “It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy period of time 

waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or her] 

responsibilities.” Tackett v. Arlington Cty. Dep’t of Human Servs., 62 Va. App. 296, 322, 746 

S.E.2d 509, 522 (2013) (quoting Kaywood v. Halifax Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 

535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990)). 

 Based on the totality of the circumstances, the circuit court did not err in terminating 

father’s parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(2). 

CONCLUSION 

For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27. 

Affirmed.