#### CARRINGTON v. DAVIS.

Debt — payment—notice—pleading—burthen of proof — declaration of party, &c. not impeached — jury to decide on facts, •

Payment is a bar to debt on a bond, and may be proven under a notice, either as made to the plaintiff or his agent.

No proof of a bond is required from the plaintiff, unless there is an affidavit to the plea of non est factum, and the production of the bond in evidence proves the issue for him. Payment may be proven by direct or circumstantial evidence.

If the defendant allege payment, the burthen of proving it is on him, and if he fall, or leave it doubtful, the-'plaintiff will have a verdict.

When the declarations of a witness or party is called for, the party calling cannot impeach his character, but may show by other evidence the facts as they are.

The jury are to decide on the proof, not in sympathy.

Debt on a penal bond, dated in 1816, conditioned foj the payments of $1290 75, by the fourteenth of September, 1819. Plea, non est factum, with notice of payment, and also that the plaintiff had received one Harkney as paymaster, and discharged the defendant.

The bond was read to the jury, and the plaintiff rested.

The defendant’s counsel read- the notice, and offered in evidence two receipts.

*Swan,*for the plaintiff,

objected to the notice as insufficient, setting up no matter in bar.

*Douglas*and *Irvin,*contra,

were stopped

By the Court.

The evidence is admissible under the plea of payment, whether the payment was made to the plaintiff in person *736or to his agent. We think the notice is insufficient, as an accord and satisfaction, but we need not examine that now.

*G.*Swan, for the plaintiff, and

*Douglas*and Irvin, for the defendant.

Much conflicting evidence was then given to the jury as to certain payments to Hackney, and touching his acting as agent for the plaintiff, and for the defendant.

The cause was argued to the jury, by

Wright, J.

to the jury. The issues present two questions for your decision: 1. is the bond declared upon the bond of the defendant? Has he paid the sum mentioned in the condition?

As the plea denying the execution of the bond is without affidavit, the plaintiff is not required to prove its execution; and having read the bond in evidence, the first issue is with the plaintiff.

Under the second issue you will examine the evidence, to see if the payment has been made. The assumption is, that the defendant paid the money to Hackney, the recognized agent of Carrington. If that 'is proven, your verdict should be for the defendant. The fact of payment may be proven either by direct evidence, or by a chain of circumstances. If you are satisfied Carrington received the money as a payment, and lent it to Hackney, the bond is discharged; but if Hackney in behalf of *Davis, having been entrusted with money to pay as his agent,*asked for an extension of the time of payment, and obtained *it,*however injurious to Davis his conduct may be, he cannot visit the delinquency of his own agent on Carrington, nor make him Carrington’s agent by such conduct. The defendant undertakes to prove *the fact*of payment, and if he has failed, or has left the matter doubtful, the plaintiff is entitled to a verdict.

The defendant asks us to charge you, that if theplaintiff called forth the defendant’s declarations in evidence, he cannot contradict them. That we decline doing, as we understand the law differently. If declarations are called out, the character of the person whose declarations are so called out cannot be impeached by the person calling them, but the facts may be shown as they really are by other evidence.

Addresses have been made to your sympathy. You will remember you obliged yourselves to give a verdict accoi’ding to the evidence, you have no right to favor either party on account of hardship, but have only to find the truth on the evidence.

Verdict for plaintiff. Motion for a new trial overruled.