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                                                                     EXHIBIT 3.4

                              AMENDED AND RESTATED
                                     BYLAWS
                                       OF
                             OVERTURE SERVICES, INC.

                             AS OF NOVEMBER 15, 2002

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                                    ARTICLE I

                                CORPORATE OFFICES

         1.1      REGISTERED OFFICE

         The registered office of the corporation shall be in the City of Dover,
County of Kent, State of Delaware. The name of the registered agent of the
corporation at such location is The Corporation Trust Company.

         1.2      OTHER OFFICES

         The board of directors may at any time establish other offices at any
place or places where the corporation is qualified to do business.

                                   ARTICLE II

                            MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

         2.1      PLACE OF MEETINGS

         Meetings of stockholders shall be held at any place, within or outside
the State of Delaware, designated by the board of directors. In the absence of
any such designation, stockholders' meetings shall be held at the registered
office of the corporation.

         2.2      ANNUAL MEETING

         The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held each year on a date
and at a time designated by the board of directors. At the meeting, directors
shall be elected and any other proper business may be transacted.

         2.3      SPECIAL MEETING

         Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of stock having a
preference over the common stock of the corporation as to dividends or upon
liquidation ("Preferred Stock"), special meetings of the stockholders may be
called at any time only by the board of directors, or by the chairman of the
board, or by the president. Only such business shall be considered at a special
meeting of stockholders as shall have been stated in the notice for such
meeting.

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         2.4      NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS

         All notices of meetings with stockholders shall be in writing and shall
be sent or otherwise given in accordance with Section 2.5 of these bylaws not
less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting
to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify
the place, date, and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting,
the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Any previously
scheduled meeting of the stockholders may be postponed, and (unless the
certificate of incorporation otherwise provides) any special meeting of the
stockholders may be cancelled, by resolution of the board of directors upon
public notice given prior to the date previously scheduled for such meeting of
stockholders.

         2.5      MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE; AFFIDAVIT OF NOTICE

         Written notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when
deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the
stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the corporation and
otherwise is given when delivered. An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant
secretary or of the transfer agent of the corporation that the notice has been
given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts
stated therein.

         2.6      QUORUM

         The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and
entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall
constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of
business, except as otherwise provided by statute or the certificate of
incorporation. If, however, such quorum is not present or represented at any
meeting of the stockholders, then a majority of the stockholders entitled to
vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to
adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at
the meeting, until a quorum is present or represented. At such adjourned meeting
at which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted that
might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. The
stockholders present at a duly called meeting at which a quorum is present may
continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal
of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.

         2.7      ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE

         When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these
bylaws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if
the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment
is taken. At the adjourned meeting the corporation may transact any business
that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is
for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is
fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be
given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the

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meeting. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power to adjourn any meeting
of stockholders for any reason and the stockholders shall have the power to
adjourn any meeting of stockholders in accordance with Section 2.6 of these
bylaws.

         2.8      VOTING

         The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall
be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.10 of these bylaws,
subject to the provisions of Sections 217 and 218 of the General Corporation Law
of Delaware (relating to voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors and joint owners
of stock and to voting trusts and other voting agreements).

         2.9      WAIVER OF NOTICE

         Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the
General Corporation Law of Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or
these bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice,
whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to
notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice
of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express
purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any
business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting
of the stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so
required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.

         2.10     RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING

         In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled
to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment
thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or
allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any
change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful
action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall
not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such
meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action.

         If the board of directors does not so fix a record date:

                  (i) The record date for determining stockholders entitled to
                  notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at
                  the close of business on the day next preceding the day on
                  which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close
                  of business on the day next preceding the day on which the
                  meeting is held.

                  (ii) The record date for determining stockholders for any
                  other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on
                  which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating
                  thereto.

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         A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to
vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting;
provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the
adjourned meeting.

         2.11     PROXIES

         Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may
authorize another person or persons to act for him by a written proxy, signed by
the stockholder and filed with the secretary of the corporation, but no such
proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless
the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be deemed signed if the
stockholder's name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual signature,
typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by the stockholder or the
stockholder's attorney-in-fact. The revocability of a proxy that states on its
face that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Section
212(c) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.

         2.12     LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE

         The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of a corporation shall
prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in
alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number
of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to
the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting,
during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to
the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held,
which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so
specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be
produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time
thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

         2.13     NOMINATIONS AND PROPOSALS

         Nominations of persons for election to the board of directors of the
corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders
may be made at any meeting of stockholders only (a) pursuant to the
corporation's notice of meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the board of
directors or (c) by any stockholder of the corporation who was a stockholder of
record at the time of giving of notice provided for in these bylaws, who is
entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set
forth in this Section 2.13 and, for purposes of this clause (c), only at an
annual meeting of stockholders or, solely for nominations of persons for
election to the board of directors of the corporation, at any meeting at which
directors are to be elected.

         For nominations or other business to be properly brought before a
stockholders meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (c) of the preceding
sentence, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to
the secretary of the corporation and

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such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. To
be timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to the secretary at the
principal executive offices of the corporation (i) not later than the close of
business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day
prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year's annual meeting, or (ii)
not less than later than the close of business on the 45th day nor earlier than
the close of business on the 75th day prior to the first anniversary of the date
on which the corporation first mailed its proxy materials for the preceding
year's annual meeting, which ever period described in clause (i) or (ii) of this
sentence first occurs; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the
annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such
anniversary date, and in respect of nominations to be brought before a special
meeting, where permitted, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so
delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such
meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (x) the 90th
day prior to such meeting and (y) the 10th day following the day on which public
announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the corporation. For
purposes of this Section 2.13, "public announcement" shall mean disclosure in a
press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or a
comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the
corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In no event shall the
public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of a stockholders meeting
commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder's notice as described
above. Such stockholder's notice shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the
stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director all
information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in
solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is
otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (or any successor thereto) and Rule 14a-11
thereunder (or any successor thereto) (including such person's written consent
to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director
if elected), as well as a written statement executed by such person
acknowledging that, as a director of the corporation, such person will owe a
fiduciary duty, under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware,
exclusively to the corporation and its stockholders; (b) as to any other
business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief
description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the
reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in
such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose
behalf the proposal is made; and (c) as to the stockholder giving the notice and
the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made
(i) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the
corporation's books, and of such beneficial owner, and (ii) the class and number
of shares of the corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by such
stockholder and such beneficial owner. Notwithstanding any provision herein to
the contrary, no business shall be conducted at a stockholders meeting except in
accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.13.

         If the stockholder has provided the corporation with a notice as
described above, the stockholder must have delivered a proxy statement and form
of proxy to holders of a sufficient number of shares, in the case of a
nomination, to elect such nominee, and in the case of the proposal of other
business, to carry such proposal.

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         Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures
set forth in these bylaws shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such
business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been
brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in these
bylaws. Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairman of the meeting shall
have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business
proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may
be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in these bylaws and, if any
proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with these bylaws, to
declare that such defective proposal or nomination be disregarded.

         The chairman of the meeting shall fix and announce at the meeting the
date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon
which the stockholders will vote at a meeting.

         2.14     ORGANIZATION

         Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the chairman of the
board of directors, or, in the absence thereof, such person as the chairman of
the board shall appoint, or, in the absence thereof or in the event that the
chairman of the board shall fail to make such appointment, such person as the
chairman of the executive committee shall appoint, or, in the absence thereof or
in the event that the chairman of the executive committee shall fail to make
such appointment, any officer of the corporation elected by the board of
directors. The secretary or in his or her absence an assistant secretary or in
the absence of the secretary and all assistant secretaries a person whom the
chairman of the meeting shall appoint shall act as secretary of the meeting and
keep a record of the proceedings thereof.

         The board of directors by resolution shall appoint one or more
Inspectors, which Inspector or Inspectors may include individuals who serve the
corporation in other capacities, including, without limitation, as officers,
employees, agents or representatives, to act at the meetings of stockholders and
make a written report thereof. One or more persons may be designated as
alternate Inspectors to replace any Inspector who fails to act. If no Inspector
or alternate has been appointed to act or is able to act at a meeting of
stockholders, the chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more Inspectors
to act at the meeting. Each Inspector, before discharging his or her duties,
shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of Inspector with
strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The
Inspectors shall have the duties prescribed by law.

         At each meeting of the stockholders, the proxies and ballots shall be
received and be taken in charge, and all questions touching the qualification of
voters and the validity of proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes
shall be decided, by the Inspectors.

         The board of directors of the corporation shall be entitled to make
such rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it
shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and
regulations of the board of directors, if any, the chairman of the meeting shall
have the right and authority to prescribe such

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rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of
such chairman, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct
of the meeting, including, without limitation, establishing an agenda or order
of business for the meeting, rules and procedures for maintaining order at the
meeting and the safety of those present, limitations on participation in such
meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation and their duly authorized
and constituted proxies, and such other persons as the chairman shall permit,
restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement
thereof, limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by
participants and regulation of the opening and closing of the polls for
balloting and matters which are to be voted on by ballot. Unless and to the
extent determined by the board of directors or the chairman of the meeting,
meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with
rules of parliamentary procedure.

                                   ARTICLE III

                                    DIRECTORS

         3.1      POWERS

         The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or
under the direction of the board of directors. In addition to the powers and
authorities these bylaws expressly confer upon them, the board may exercise all
such powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not
by statute or by the certificate of incorporation or by these bylaws required to
be exercised or done by the stockholders.

         3.2      NUMBER OF DIRECTORS

         Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock
to elect directors under specified circumstances, the authorized number of
directors shall be eight (8). Subject to the rights of the holders of any series
of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances, the number
of directors may be changed only by a duly adopted amendment to the certificate
of incorporation or by an amendment to this bylaw adopted by resolution of a
majority of the total number of directors that the corporation would have if
there were no vacancies.

         No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the
effect of removing any director before that director's term of office expires.

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         3.3      ELECTION, QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS

         Except as provided in the certificate of incorporation and Section 3.4
of these bylaws, at each annual meeting of stockholders, directors elected to
succeed those directors whose terms then expire shall be elected for a term of
office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after
their election, with each director to hold office until his or her successor
shall have been duly elected and qualified. Directors need not be stockholders
unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, wherein
other qualifications for directors may be prescribed. Each director, including a
director elected to fill a vacancy, shall hold office until his successor is
elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal.

         Election of directors at all meetings of the stockholders at which
directors are to be elected shall be by ballot, and, subject to the rights of
the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified
circumstances, a plurality of the votes cast thereat shall elect directors.

         3.4      RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES

         Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the
corporation. When one or more directors so resigns and the resignation is
effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office,
including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or
vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations
shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as
provided in this section in the filling of other vacancies.

         Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or these
bylaws:

                           (i) Vacancies and newly created directorships
                  resulting from any increase in the authorized number of
                  directors elected by all of the stockholders having the right
                  to vote as a single class may be filled by a majority of the
                  directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a
                  sole remaining director.

                           (ii) Whenever the holders of any class or classes of
                  stock or series thereof are entitled to elect one or more
                  directors by the provisions of the certificate of
                  incorporation, vacancies and newly created directorships of
                  such class or classes or series may be filled by a majority of
                  the directors elected by such class or classes or series
                  thereof then in office, or by a sole remaining director so
                  elected.

         Any directors chosen pursuant to this Section 3.4 shall hold office for
a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders at which the term of
office of the class to which they have been appointed expires and until such
director's successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.

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         If at any time, by reason of death or resignation or other cause, the
corporation should have no directors in office, then any officer or any
stockholder or an executor, administrator, trustee or guardian of a stockholder,
or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or estate
of a stockholder, may call a special meeting of stockholders in accordance with
the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, or may apply
to the Court of Chancery for a decree summarily ordering an election as provided
in Section 211 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.

         If, at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created
directorship, the directors then in office constitute less than a majority of
the whole board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), then
the Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders
holding at least ten (10) percent of the total number of the shares at the time
outstanding having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an
election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships,
or to replace the directors chosen by the directors then in office as aforesaid,
which election shall be governed by the provisions of Section 211 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware as far as applicable.

         3.5      PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE

         The board of directors of the corporation may hold meetings, both
regular and special, either within or outside the State of Delaware.

         Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or
these bylaws, members of the board of directors, or any committee designated by
the board of directors, may participate in a meeting of the board of directors,
or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in
person at the meeting.

         3.6      FIRST MEETINGS

         The first meeting of each newly elected board of directors shall be
held immediately after, and at the same location as, the annual meeting of
stockholders, unless the Board shall fix another time and place and give notice
thereof (or obtain waivers of notice thereof) in the manner required herein for
special meetings of directors, and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary
to the newly elected directors in order legally to constitute the meeting,
except as provided in this Section 3.6 and provided that a quorum shall be
present.

         3.7      REGULAR MEETINGS

         Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without notice
at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the
board.

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         3.8      SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE

         Special meetings of the board of directors for any purpose or purposes
may be called at any time by the chairman of the board, the chief executive
officer, the president or a majority of the members of the board of directors
then in office.

         The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the board
may fix the place and time of the meetings. The secretary or any assistant
secretary shall give notice of any special meeting to each director personally
or by telephone to each director or sent by first-class mail, overnight mail,
courier service or telegram, postage or charges prepaid, addressed to each
director at that director's address as it is shown on the records of the
corporation. If the notice is by mail, such notice shall be deposited in the
United States mail at least four (4) days before the time of the holding of the
meeting. If the notice is by telegram, overnight mail or courier service, such
notice shall be deemed adequately delivered when the telegram is delivered to
the telegraph company or the notice is delivered to the overnight mail or
courier service company at least twenty-four (24) hours before such meeting. If
by facsimile transmission, such notice shall be deemed adequately delivered when
the notice is transmitted at least twenty-four (24) hours before such meeting.
If by telephone or by hand delivery, the notice shall be given at least
twenty-four (24) hours prior to the time set for the meeting. Any oral notice
given personally or by telephone may be communicated either to the director or
to a person at the office of the director who the person giving the notice has
reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the director. The notice need
not specify the purpose or the place of the meeting, if the meeting is to be
held at the principal executive office of the corporation.

         3.9      QUORUM

         At all meetings of the board of directors, a majority of the authorized
number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business
and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there
is a quorum shall be the act of the board of directors, except as may be
otherwise specifically provided by statute or by the certificate of
incorporation. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the board of
directors, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time
to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum
is present. The directors present at a duly organized meeting may continue to
transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough
directors to leave less than a quorum.

         3.10     WAIVER OF NOTICE

         Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the
General Corporation Law of Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or
these bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice,
whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to
notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice
of such meeting, except when the person

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attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the
meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully
called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose
of, any regular or special meeting of the directors, or members of a committee
of directors, need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so
required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.

         3.11     ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE

         If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the board of directors,
then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time,
without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is
present.

         3.12     BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING

         Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or
these bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the
board of directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting
if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in
writing and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of
the board or committee.

         3.13     FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS

         Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or
these bylaws, the board of directors shall have the authority to fix the
compensation of directors.

         3.14     APPROVAL OF LOANS TO OFFICERS

         The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or
otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its
subsidiary, including any officer or employee who is a director of the
corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in the judgment of the directors, such
loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the
corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or without
interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the board of
directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of
stock of the corporation. Nothing contained in this section shall be deemed to
deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at
common law or under any statute.

         3.15     REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS

         Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock
with respect to such series of Preferred Stock, unless otherwise restricted by
statute, by the certificate of incorporation or by these bylaws, any director or
all of the directors may be removed from the board, but only for cause and only
by the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares then entitled to vote at an
election of directors, voting as a single class.

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         No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the
effect of removing any director prior to the expiration of such director's term
of office.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                                   COMMITTEES

         4.1      COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS

         The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the
whole board, designate one or more committees, with each committee to consist of
one or more of the directors of the corporation. The board may designate one or
more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent
or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof
present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or
they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of
directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified
member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the
board of directors or in the bylaws of the corporation, shall have and may
exercise all the powers and authority of the board of directors in the
management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the
seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but no
such committee shall have the power or authority to (i) amend the certificate of
incorporation (except that a committee may, to the extent authorized in the
resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted
by the board of directors as provided in Section 151(a) of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware, fix any of the preferences or rights of such shares
relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any distribution of assets of
the corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares for,
shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any
other class or classes of stock of the corporation), (ii) adopt an agreement of
merger or consolidation under Sections 251 or 252 of the General Corporation Law
of Delaware, (iii) recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of
all or substantially all of the corporation's property and assets, (iv)
recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the corporation or a revocation
of a dissolution, or (v) amend the bylaws of the corporation; and, unless the
board resolution establishing the committee, the bylaws or the certificate of
incorporation expressly so provide, no such committee shall have the power or
authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock, or to adopt
a certificate of ownership and merger pursuant to Section 253 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware.

         4.2      COMMITTEE MINUTES

         Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report
the same to the board of directors when required.

                                      -13
<PAGE>
         4.3      MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES

         Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and
taken in accordance with, the provisions of Article III of these bylaws, Section
3.5 (place of meetings and meetings by telephone), Section 3.7 (regular
meetings), Section 3.8 (special meetings and notice), Section 3.9 (quorum),
Section 3.10 (waiver of notice), Section 3.11 (adjournment and notice of
adjournment), and Section 3.12 (action without a meeting), with such changes in
the context of those bylaws as are necessary to substitute the committee and its
members for the board of directors and its members; provided, however, that the
time of regular meetings of committees may also be called by resolution of the
board of directors and that notice of special meetings of committees shall also
be given to all alternate members, who shall have the right to attend all
meetings of the committee. The board of directors may adopt rules for the
government of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions of these
bylaws.

                                    ARTICLE V

                                    OFFICERS

         5.1      OFFICERS

         The officers of the corporation shall be a president, a chief executive
officer, a treasurer, a chief operating officer, a secretary and one or more
vice presidents. The corporation may also have, at the discretion of the board
of directors, a chairman of the board, one or more vice presidents, assistant
secretaries, assistant treasurers, and any such other officers as may be
appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.3 of these bylaws. Any
number of offices may be held by the same person.

         5.2      ELECTION OF OFFICERS

         The officers of the corporation, except such officers as may be
appointed in accordance with the provisions of Sections 5.3 or 5.5 of these
bylaws, shall be chosen by the board of directors, subject to the rights, if
any, of an officer under any contract of employment.

         5.3      SUBORDINATE OFFICERS

         The board of directors may appoint, or empower the president to
appoint, such other officers and agents as the business of the corporation may
require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority,
and perform such duties as are provided in these bylaws or as the board of
directors may from time to time determine.

         5.4      REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS

         Subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of
employment, any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an
affirmative vote of the

                                      -14
<PAGE>
majority of the board of directors at any regular or special meeting of the
board or, except in the case of an officer chosen by the board of directors, by
any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the board of
directors.

         Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the
corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of
that notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and, unless otherwise
specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be
necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the
rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to which the officer is a
party.

         5.5      VACANCIES IN OFFICES

         Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation shall be filled
by the board of directors.

         5.6      CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

         The chairman of the board, if such an officer be elected, shall, if
present, preside at meetings of the board of directors and exercise and perform
such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the
board of directors or as may be prescribed by these bylaws. If there is no
president, then the chairman of the board shall also be the chief executive
officer of the corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in
Section 5.7 of these bylaws.

         5.7      PRESIDENT

         Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the
board of directors to the chairman of the board, if there be such an officer,
the president shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall,
subject to the control of the board of directors, have general supervision,
direction, and control of the business and the officers of the corporation. He
shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, in the absence or
nonexistence of a chairman of the board, at all meetings of the board of
directors. He shall have the general powers and duties of management usually
vested in the office of president of a corporation and shall have such other
powers and duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or these
bylaws.

                                      -15
<PAGE>
         5.8      VICE PRESIDENT

         In the absence or disability of the president, the vice presidents, if
any, in order of their rank as fixed by the board of directors or, if not
ranked, a vice president designated by the board of directors, shall perform all
the duties of the president and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and
be subject to all the restrictions upon, the president. The vice presidents
shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time
may be prescribed for them respectively by the board of directors, these bylaws,
the president or the chairman of the board.

         5.9      SECRETARY

         The secretary shall keep or cause to be kept, at the principal
executive office of the corporation or such other place as the board of
directors may direct, a book of minutes of all meetings and actions of
directors, committees of directors, and stockholders. The minutes shall show the
time and place of each meeting, whether regular or special (and, if special, how
authorized and the notice given), the names of those present at directors'
meetings or committee meetings, the number of shares present or represented at
stockholders' meetings, and the proceedings thereof.

         The secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal
executive office of the corporation or at the office of the corporation's
transfer agent or registrar, as determined by resolution of the board of
directors, a share register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of
all stockholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by
each, the number and date of certificates evidencing such shares, and the number
and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.

         The secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings
of the stockholders and of the board of directors required to be given by law or
by these bylaws. He shall keep the seal of the corporation, if one be adopted,
in safe custody and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties
as may be prescribed by the board of directors or by these bylaws.

         5.10     TREASURER

         The treasurer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and
maintained, adequate and correct books and records of accounts of the properties
and business transactions of the corporation, including accounts of its assets,
liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital, retained earnings,
and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open to
inspection by any director.

         The treasurer shall deposit all money and other valuables in the name
and to the credit of the corporation with such depositaries as may be designated
by the board of directors. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may
be ordered by the board of directors, shall render to the president and
directors, whenever they request it, an account of all of his transactions as
treasurer and of the financial condition of the

                                      -16
<PAGE>
corporation, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as
may be prescribed by the board of directors or these bylaws.

         5.11     ASSISTANT SECRETARY

         The assistant secretary, or, if there is more than one, the assistant
secretaries in the order determined by the stockholders or board of directors
(or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election)
shall, in the absence of the secretary or in the event of his or her inability
or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of
directors or the stockholders may from time to time prescribe.

         5.12     ASSISTANT TREASURER

         The assistant treasurer, or, if there is more than one, the assistant
treasurers, in the order determined by the stockholders or board of directors
(or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election),
shall, in the absence of the treasurer or in the event of his or her inability
or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of
directors or the stockholders may from time to time prescribe.

         5.13     CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

         In the absence or disability of the president, the chief executive
officer shall perform all the duties of the president, and when so acting shall
have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the
president. The chief executive officer shall have such other powers and perform
such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed by the board of
directors, these bylaws, the president or chairman of the board.

         5.14     CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER

         The chief operating officer shall manage the day to day activities of
the corporation. The chief operating officer shall have such other powers and
perform such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed by the board of
directors, these bylaws, the president or chairman of the board.

         5.15     AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS

         In addition to the foregoing authority and duties, all officers of the
corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in
the management of the business of the corporation as may be designated from time
to time by the board of directors or the stockholders.

                                      -17
<PAGE>
                                   ARTICLE VI

                                    INDEMNITY

         6.1      INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

         Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a
party to or is involved in any action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a "proceeding"), by
reason of the fact that he or she or a person of whom he or she is the legal
representative is or was a director or officer of the corporation (or any
predecessor) or is or was serving at the request of the corporation (or any
predecessor) as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or
of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (or any predecessor
of any of such entities), including service with respect to employee benefit
plans maintained or sponsored by the corporation (or any predecessor), whether
the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a
director, officer, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a
director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by
the corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the General Corporation Law
of the State of Delaware as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in
the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits
the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law
permitted the corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against all
expense, liability and loss (including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA
excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement)
reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith and such
indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director,
officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs,
executors and administrators; provided, however, that except as provided in the
third paragraph of this bylaw, the corporation shall indemnify any such person
seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof)
initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was
authorized by the board of directors. The right to indemnification conferred in
this bylaw shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid by
the corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in
advance of its final disposition, such advances to be paid by the corporation
within 20 days after the receipt by the corporation of a statement or statements
from the claimant requesting such advance or advances from time to time;
provided, however, that if the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
requires, the payment of such expenses incurred by a director or officer in his
or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which
service was or is rendered by such person while a director or officer,
including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) in advance
of the final disposition of a proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to
the corporation of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer,
to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such
director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified under this bylaw or
otherwise.

         To obtain indemnification under this bylaw, a claimant shall submit to
the corporation a written request, including therein or therewith such
documentation and

                                      -18
<PAGE>
information as is reasonably available to the claimant and is reasonably
necessary to determine whether and to what extent the claimant is entitled to
indemnification. Upon written request by a claimant for indemnification pursuant
to the preceding sentence, a determination, if required by applicable law, with
respect to the claimant's entitlement thereto shall be made as follows: (1) if
requested by the claimant, by Independent Counsel (as hereinafter defined), or
(2) if no request is made by the claimant for a determination by Independent
Counsel, (i) by the board of directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting
of Disinterested Directors (as hereinafter defined), or (ii) if a quorum of the
board of directors consisting of Disinterested Directors is not obtainable or,
even if obtainable, such quorum of Disinterested Directors so directs, by
Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the board of directors, a copy of
which shall be delivered to the claimant, or (iii) if a quorum of Disinterested
Directors so directs, by the stockholders of the corporation. In the event the
determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent
Counsel at the request of the claimant, the Independent Counsel shall be
selected by the board of directors unless there shall have occurred within two
years prior to the date of the commencement of the action, suit or proceeding
for which indemnification is claimed a "Change of Control" as defined below, in
which case the Independent Counsel shall be selected by the claimant unless the
claimant shall request that such selection be made by the board of directors. If
it is so determined that the claimant is entitled to indemnification, payment to
the claimant shall be made within 10 days after such determination.

         If a claim for indemnification under this bylaw is not paid in full by
the corporation within thirty days after a written claim pursuant to the
preceding paragraph of this bylaw has been received by the corporation, the
claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the corporation to
recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part,
the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such
claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to
enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of
its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any is required, has
been tendered to the corporation) that the claimant has not met the standard of
conduct which makes it permissible under the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount
claimed, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the corporation.
Neither the failure of the corporation (including its board of directors,
Independent Counsel or stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the
commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in
the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct
set forth in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, nor an actual
determination by the corporation (including its board of directors, Independent
Counsel or stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard
of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the
claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

         If a determination shall have been made pursuant to this bylaw that the
claimant is entitled to indemnification, the corporation shall be bound by such
determination in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to the preceding
paragraph of this bylaw. The

                                      -19
<PAGE>
corporation shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding
commenced pursuant to the third paragraph of this bylaw that the procedures and
presumptions of this bylaw are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall
stipulate in such proceeding that the corporation is bound by all the provisions
of this bylaw. The right to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred
in defending a proceeding in advance of its final disposition conferred in this
bylaw shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or
hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the certificate of
incorporation, bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or Disinterested
Directors or otherwise. No repeal or modification of this bylaw shall in any way
diminish or adversely affect the rights of any director, officer, employee or
agent of the corporation hereunder in respect of any occurrence or matter
arising prior to any such repeal or modification.

         If any provision or provisions of this bylaw shall be held to be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (1) the validity,
legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this bylaw
(including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph of this bylaw
containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that
is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way
be affected or impaired thereby; and (2) to the fullest extent possible, the
provisions of this bylaw (including, without limitation, each such portion of
any paragraph of this bylaw containing any such provision held to be invalid,
illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent
manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.

                                      -20
<PAGE>
         For the purpose of this bylaw, a "Change of Control" shall mean:

                  (1)      The acquisition by any individual, entity or group
(within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) (a "Person") of beneficial
ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act)
of 20% or more of either (a) the then outstanding shares of common stock of the
corporation (the "Outstanding Corporation Common Stock") or (b) the combined
voting power of the then outstanding voting securities of the corporation
entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the "Outstanding
Corporation Voting Securities"); provided, however, that for purposes of this
part (1), the following acquisitions shall not constitute a Change of Control:
(a) any acquisition directly from the corporation or any acquisition from other
stockholders where (i) such acquisition was approved in advance by the board of
directors of the corporation and (ii) such acquisition would not constitute a
change of control under part (3) of this definition, (b) any acquisition by the
corporation, (c) any acquisition by any employee benefit plan (or related trust)
sponsored or maintained by the corporation or any corporation controlled by the
corporation or (d) any acquisition by any corporation pursuant to a transaction
which complies with clauses (a), (b) and (c) of part (3) of this definition; or

                  (2)      Individuals who, as of the date hereof, constitute
the board of directors (the "Incumbent Board") cease for any reason to
constitute at least a majority of the board of directors; provided, however,
that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the date hereof whose
election, or nomination for election by the stockholders, was approved by a vote
of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board
shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent
Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial
assumption of office occurs as a result of an actual or threatened election
contest with respect to the election or removal of directors or other actual or
threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other
than the board of directors; or

                  (3)      Consummation of a reorganization, merger or
consolidation or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the
assets of the corporation (a "Business Combination"), in each case, unless,
following such Business Combination, (a) all or substantially all of the
individuals and entities who were the beneficial owners, respectively, of the
Outstanding Corporation Common Stock and Outstanding Corporation Voting
Securities immediately prior to such Business Combination beneficially own,
directly or indirectly, more than 50% of, respectively, the then outstanding
shares of common stock and the combined voting power of the then outstanding
voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, as
the case may be, of the corporation resulting from such Business Combination
(including, without limitation, a corporation which as a result of such
transaction owns the corporation or all or substantially all of the
corporation's assets either directly or through one or more subsidiaries) in
substantially the same proportions as their ownership, immediately prior to such
Business Combination of the Outstanding Corporation

                                      -21
<PAGE>
Common Stock and Outstanding Corporation Voting Securities, as the case may be,
(b) no Person (excluding any corporation resulting from such Business
Combination or any employee benefit plan (or related trust) of the corporation
or such corporation resulting from such Business Combination) beneficially owns,
directly or indirectly, 20% or more of, respectively, the then outstanding
shares of common stock of the corporation resulting from such Business
Combination or the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting
securities of such corporation except to the extent that such ownership existed
prior to the Business Combination and (c) at least a majority of the members of
the board of directors of the corporation resulting from such Business
Combination were members of the Incumbent Board at the time of the execution of
the initial agreement, or of the action of the board of directors, providing for
such Business Combination; or

(4)      Approval by the stockholders of a complete liquidation or dissolution
of the corporation.

         6.2      INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS

         The corporation shall have the power, to the extent and in the manner
permitted by the General Corporation Law of Delaware, to indemnify each of its
employees and agents (other than directors and officers) against expenses
(including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts
actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding, arising by
reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the corporation. For
purposes of this Section 6.2, an "employee" or "agent" of the corporation (other
than a director or officer) includes any person (i) who is or was an employee or
agent of the corporation, (ii) who is or was serving at the request of the
corporation as an employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise, or (iii) who was an employee or agent of a
corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the corporation or of another
enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation.

         6.3      INSURANCE

         The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any
person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation,
or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him
in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the
corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under
the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.

         6.4      MISCELLANEOUS

         For purposes of this bylaw:

                  "Disinterested Director" means a director of the corporation
                  who is not and was not a party to the matter in respect of
                  which indemnification is sought by the claimant.

                                      -22
<PAGE>
                  "Independent Counsel" means a law firm, a member of a law
                  firm, or an independent practitioner, that is experienced in
                  matters of corporation law and shall include any person who,
                  under the applicable standards of professional conduct then
                  prevailing, would not have a conflict of interest in
                  representing either the corporation or the claimant in an
                  action to determine the claimant's rights under this bylaw.

         Any notice, request or other communication required or permitted to be
given to the corporation under this bylaw shall be in writing and either
delivered in person or sent by telecopy, telex, telegram, overnight mail or
courier service, or certified or registered mail, postage prepaid, return
receipt requested, to the secretary of the corporation and shall be effective
only upon receipt by the secretary.

                                   ARTICLE VII

                               RECORDS AND REPORTS

         7.1      MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS

         The corporation shall, either at its principal executive office or at
such place or places as designated by the board of directors, keep a record of
its stockholders listing their names and addresses and the number and class of
shares held by each stockholder, a copy of these bylaws as amended to date,
accounting books, and other records.

         Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent,
shall, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the
right during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the
corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and
records and to make copies or extracts therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean a
purpose reasonably related to such person's interest as a stockholder. In every
instance where an attorney or other agent is the person who seeks the right to
inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or
such other writing that authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on
behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to the
corporation at its registered office in Delaware or at its principal place of
business.

         The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of a corporation shall
prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in
alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number
of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to
the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting,
during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to
the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held,
which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so
specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be
produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time
thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

                                      -23
<PAGE>
         7.2      INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS

         Any director shall have the right to examine the corporation's stock
ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records for a
purpose reasonably related to his position as a director. The Court of Chancery
is hereby vested with the exclusive jurisdiction to determine whether a director
is entitled to the inspection sought. The Court may summarily order the
corporation to permit the director to inspect any and all books and records, the
stock ledger, and the stock list and to make copies or extracts therefrom. The
Court may, in its discretion, prescribe any limitations or conditions with
reference to the inspection, or award such other and further relief as the Court
may deem just and proper.

         7.3      ANNUAL STATEMENT TO STOCKHOLDERS

         The board of directors shall present at each annual meeting, and at any
special meeting of the stockholders when called for by vote of the stockholders,
a full and clear statement of the business and condition of the corporation.

         7.4      REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS

         The chairman of the board, the president, any vice president, the
treasurer, the secretary or assistant secretary of this corporation, or any
other person authorized by the board of directors or the president or a vice
president, is authorized to vote, represent, and exercise on behalf of this
corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation
or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The authority granted
herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person
authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person
having the authority.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                 GENERAL MATTERS

         8.1      CHECKS

         From time to time, the board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer
and/or the Chief Financial Officer of the Company shall determine by written
resolution or memorandum which person or persons may sign or endorse all checks,
drafts, other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidence of
indebtedness that are issued in the name of or payable to the corporation, and
only the persons so authorized shall sign or endorse those instruments.

                                      -24
<PAGE>
         8.2      EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS

         The board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer and/or the Chief
Financial Officer of the Company, except as otherwise provided in these bylaws,
may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any
contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the
corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
Unless so authorized or ratified by the board of directors, the Chief Executive
Officer and/or the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, or within the agency
power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or
authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its
credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.

         8.3      STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES

         The shares of a corporation shall be represented by certificates,
provided that the board of directors of the corporation may provide by
resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of
its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to
shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the
corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the board of
directors, every holder of stock represented by certificates and upon request
every holder of uncertificated shares shall be entitled to have a certificate
signed by, or in the name of the corporation by the chairman or vice-chairman of
the board of directors, or the president or vice-president, and by the treasurer
or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary or an assistant secretary of such
corporation representing the number of shares registered in certificate form.
Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any
officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature
has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent
or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the
corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or
registrar at the date of issue.

         The corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly
paid and subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid
therefor. Upon the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent
any such partly paid shares, upon the books and records of the corporation in
the case of uncertificated partly paid shares, the total amount of the
consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated.
Upon the declaration of any dividend on fully paid shares, the corporation shall
declare a dividend upon partly paid shares of the same class, but only upon the
basis of the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.

         8.4      SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES

         If the corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock
or more than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the
preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights
of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or
restrictions of such preferences and/or rights

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shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate
that the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock;
provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the
General Corporation Law of Delaware, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there
may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation
shall issue to represent such class or series of stock a statement that the
corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the
powers, the designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating,
optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and
the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or
rights.

         8.5      LOST CERTIFICATES

         Except as provided in this Section 8.5, no new certificates for shares
shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is
surrendered to the corporation and cancelled at the same time. The corporation
may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in the place of
any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or
destroyed, and the corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or
destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to give the corporation a
bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on
account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the
issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.

         8.6      CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS

         Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of
construction, and definitions in the Delaware General Corporation Law shall
govern the construction of these bylaws. Without limiting the generality of this
provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes
the singular, and the term "person" includes both a corporation and a natural
person.

         8.7      DIVIDENDS

         The directors of the corporation, subject to any restrictions contained
in the certificate of incorporation, may declare and pay dividends upon the
shares of its capital stock pursuant to the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the corporation's
capital stock.

         The directors of the corporation may set apart out of any of the funds
of the corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper
purpose and may abolish any such reserve. Such purposes shall include but not be
limited to equalizing dividends, repairing or maintaining any property of the
corporation, and meeting contingencies.

         8.8      FISCAL YEAR

         The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the
board of

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directors and may be changed by the board of directors.

         8.9      SEAL

         This corporation may have a corporate seal, which may be adopted or
altered at the pleasure of the Board of Directors, and may use the same by
causing it or a facsimile thereof, to be impressed or affixed or in any other
manner reproduced.

         8.10     TRANSFER OF STOCK

         Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the
corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper
evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the
duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled
thereto, cancel the old certificate, and record the transaction in its books.

         8.11     STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS

         The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any
agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of
the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation
of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not
prohibited by the General Corporation Law of Delaware.

         8.12     REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS

         The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a
person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and
to vote as such owner, shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and
assessments the person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall
not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such
share or shares on the part of another person, whether or not it shall have
express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of
Delaware.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                                   AMENDMENTS

         The original or other bylaws of the corporation may be adopted, amended
or repealed by the stockholders entitled to vote; provided, however, that the
corporation may, in its certificate of incorporation, confer the power to adopt,
amend or repeal bylaws upon the directors. The fact that such power has been so
conferred upon the directors shall not divest the stockholders of the power, nor
limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, amendment or deletion of all or any portion of Article II hereof,
Section 3.2 hereof, Section 3.3 hereof, Section 3.15 hereof, Section 6.1 hereof
or this Article IX by the stockholders of the corporation shall require

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the affirmative vote of 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote
thereon.

                                    ARTICLE X

                                   DISSOLUTION

         If it should be deemed advisable in the judgment of the board of
directors of the corporation that the corporation should be dissolved, the
board, after the adoption of a resolution to that effect by a majority of the
whole board at any meeting called for that purpose, shall cause notice to be
mailed to each stockholder entitled to vote thereon of the adoption of the
resolution and of a meeting of stockholders to take action upon the resolution.

         At the meeting a vote shall be taken for and against the proposed
dissolution. If a majority of the outstanding stock of the corporation entitled
to vote thereon votes for the proposed dissolution, then a certificate stating
that the dissolution has been authorized in accordance with the provisions of
Section 275 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware and setting forth the
names and residences of the directors and officers shall be executed,
acknowledged, and filed and shall become effective in accordance with Section
103 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. Upon such certificate's becoming
effective in accordance with Section 103 of the General Corporation Law of
Delaware, the corporation shall be dissolved.

         Whenever all the stockholders entitled to vote on a dissolution consent
in writing, either in person or by duly authorized attorney, to a dissolution,
no meeting of directors or stockholders shall be necessary. The consent shall be
filed and shall become effective in accordance with Section 103 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware. Upon such consent's becoming effective in
accordance with Section 103 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, the
corporation shall be dissolved. If the consent is signed by an attorney, then
the original power of attorney or a photocopy thereof shall be attached to and
filed with the consent. The consent filed with the Secretary of State shall have
attached to it the affidavit of the secretary or some other officer of the
corporation stating that the consent has been signed by or on behalf of all the
stockholders entitled to vote on a dissolution; in addition, there shall be
attached to the consent a certification by the secretary or some other officer
of the corporation setting forth the names and residences of the directors and
officers of the corporation.

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                                   ARTICLE XI

                                    CUSTODIAN

         11.1     APPOINTMENT OF A CUSTODIAN IN CERTAIN CASES

         The Court of Chancery, upon application of any stockholder, may appoint
one or more persons to be custodians and, if the corporation is insolvent, to be
receivers, of and for the corporation when:

                           (i) at any meeting held for the election of directors
                  the stockholders are so divided that they have failed to elect
                  successors to directors whose terms have expired or would have
                  expired upon qualification of their successors; or

                           (ii) the business of the corporation is suffering or
                  is threatened with irreparable injury because the directors
                  are so divided respecting the management of the affairs of the
                  corporation that the required vote for action by the board of
                  directors cannot be obtained and the stockholders are unable
                  to terminate this division; or

                           (iii) the corporation has abandoned its business and
                  has failed within a reasonable time to take steps to dissolve,
                  liquidate or distribute its assets.

         11.2     DUTIES OF CUSTODIAN

         The custodian shall have all the powers and title of a receiver
appointed under Section 291 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, but the
authority of the custodian shall be to continue the business of the corporation
and not to liquidate its affairs and distribute its assets, except when the
Court of Chancery otherwise orders and except in cases arising under Sections
226(a)(3) or 352(a)(2) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.

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