Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan ce Management Plan 

Monitoring

This section describes monitoring that will be conducted to determine how management 

is affecting resources, and whether we are achieving RMP objectives (effectiveness 

monitoring). monitoring). 

The monitoring program has three purposes; to help us: The monitoring program has three purposes; to help us: 

• Determine the extent to which we are implementing the actions described in the RMP 

(implementation monitoring), (implementation monitoring), 

• Understand how management is affecting resources, e.g., are we achieving plan goals 

and objectives (effectiveness monitoring), and eness monitoring), and 

• Identify where we should continue and where we may need to make changes in 

management, and determine whether plan goals and objectives are still relevant and 

important (validation monitoring). alidation monitoring). 

This monitoring plan defines two scales of monitoring: monitoring of long-term trends, 

and monitoring of the effectiveness of specific actions. c actions. 

Long-term monitoring Long-term monitoring will focus on the objectives which the plan is designed to achieve. 

The purpose of this level of monitoring is to determine whether resource conditions and 

user experiences in the planning area are improving, remaining the same, or declining 

over time. er time. 

The second scale of monitoring focuses on project or activity level monitoring. At this 

scale, monitoring will examine how well specific management direction has been applied 

on the ground and how effectively it produces expected results. Monitoring at broader 

levels will measure how successfully projects and other activities have achieved the 

objectives for those management areas. es for those management areas. 

Findings obtained through monitoring, together with research and other new 

information, will provide a basis for adaptive management changes to the plan. The 

monitoring program itself will not remain static. It will be periodically evaluated to 

ascertain that the monitoring questions and standards are still relevant, and will be 

adjusted as appropriate. Some monitoring items may be discontinued and others may be 

added as knowledge and issues change with implementation. added as knowledge and issues change with implementation. 

The monitoring process will collect information in the most cost-effective manner, 

and may involve sampling or remote sensing. Monitoring could be so costly as to 

be prohibitive if it is not carefully and reasonably designed. Therefore, it will not be 

necessary or desirable to monitor every management action or direction. Unnecessary 

detail and unacceptable costs will be avoided by focusing on methods. The level and 

intensity of monitoring will vary depending on the sensitivity of the resource or area and 

the scope of the proposed management activity. The accomplishment of any monitoring 

project is dependent upon budgets and national, regional, and local allocations of 

resources. resources. 

The following table provides general direction for elements to monitor, and provides 

suggestions for specific monitoring methods and frequency. These lists are suggestions 

and are not comprehensive. Monitoring techniques change quickly, and newer methods 

may oĞen be both more accurate and more economical. Any methods which will 

adequately answer the monitoring questions may be used; professional judgment will 

be used to determine monitoring frequency and methodology that is appropriate to the 

scope of the issues and environmental conditions. scope of the issues and environmental conditions. 

162 
Resource Management Plan ce Management Plan 

Some of the monitoring program listed in this table is already in place or is part of a 

continuing base program. New monitoring activities will only be added if funding 

becomes available. ailable. 

The monitoring purposes described in the table relate directly back to the RMP 

management objectives for each monitoring element. es for each monitoring element. 

163 
Table 15: Monitoring

164 

Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan

Monitoring 

element

RMP 

objective Purpose of monitoring Suggested methodology

Vegetation

V-1V-3V-4 

Determine changes in health, diversity and productivity of native plant communities,including special status plants and plants oftraditional cultural signifi cance.Determine success in meeting vegetation management objectives. 

Conduct periodic measurements of plant composition, vigor, and productivity, as well as measurementof the amount and distribution of plant cover and liĴer. Monitor herbaceous or woody utilization,actual use, and climatic conditions to determine the eff ectiveness of established tools in meetingobjectives. Monitoring of existing condition of vegetation would consist of identifying ecological sites,determining ecological status, determining soil types, vegetation mapping, baseline inventory, and assembling existing basic information. Procedures used (and frequency of use) would be primarilythose in BLM Technical References 1734-7 and 4400-5.Measure trends in vegetative production, structure, and composition, soil/site stability, watershed function, and integrity of biotic community. Use the rangeland health assessment process prescribedin the most current versions of Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health (USDI-BLM, 2000b),Rangeland Health Standards and Guidelines (USDI-BLM, 1997), and BLM Manual 4180 and HandbookH-4180-1 guiding implementation of the rangeland health standards.Also use monitoring as described in hydrology section.

V-2 Document changes in presence and abundance

of noxious weed populations, particularlyin areas where ground disturbances have occurred. 

Conduct annual monitoring for new noxious weeds, concentrating in areas where ground disturbingactivities have occurred, and where the public or agency personnel have reported sightings. Visit known noxious weed sites which are identifi ed for treatment, and evaluate for eff ectiveness of control(annually). Visit known sites not identifi ed for treatment on a rotational basis over three years. For all known sites and any newly discovered sites, locate with a global positioning system (GPS) unit,photograph, measure, and determine the need for future treatment. Survey all burned areas (naturaland prescribed) over 20 acres for noxious weeds for three years following the burn.

V-5 Determine extent to which rehabilitation is: a)

conducted in areas with greatest opportunityof success, and b) supported by data atappropriate scales. 

Evaluate sub-basin assessments and project level analyses conducted on District, and determine ifappropriate data was available and utilized. Determine rehabilitation success (as described under otherobjectives); compare to rehabilitation success; and evaluate if additional data would have had an eff ect on choice of area or rehabilitation success.

V-6 Determine amount of involvement of local

stakeholders and small businesses in helpingBLM accomplish resource managementobjectives. 

Document participation with communities, local stakeholders, and small businesses when BLM isinvolved in public outreach eff orts. Examples include: Community Wildfi re Protection Plans, publicmeetings to present proposed projects, tours to evaluate and monitor project implementation results,stewardship contracting opportunities for local operators, and volunteer projects with service clubs,schools, youth groups, and correction crews. 
Table 15: Monitoring (continued)

− Conduct Proper Functioning Condition Assessment TR 1737-9 and TR 1737-15 (assessment

for streams) and TR 1737-11 and TR 1737-16 (assessments for lakes/wetlands) to assess thefunctionality of riparian and wetland areas.

− Measure the amount and distribution of plants across a channel cross-section using riparian

transects; document visual changes over time on the condition of the stream corridor using photopoints. 

− Use Aquatic Habitat Inventories conducted by ODFW to measure channel condition parameters

such as habitat units (pool, riffl e, glide), channel shade, active channel height, active channel width, fl oodprone width, substrate, percent actively eroding bank, instream wood, and vegetation type and cover. 

− Use upland photo points and vegetative transects to document changes in surface cover that 

promotes infi ltration and reduces overland fl ow. 

Measure stream temperature, as a 7-day average of daily maximums.Utilize Oregon Department of Forestry air quality monitoring to measure background pollution levels and emissions during fi re events and determine whether BLM actions may aff ect national ambient airquality standards. 

Measure trend in upland and hydrologicfunction.Determine changes in soil productivity andamount of accelerated soil erosion. Measurechanges in the ability of soil and plantconditions to support infi ltration and soilmoisture storage, and to maintain or improve water quality, water quantity, and balancedtiming and duration of fl ow.Determine change in surface and ground water quality.Compare water quality to state standards andBLM objectives for watershed function.Document trends in air quality as a result ofBLM actions. 

H-1H-2H-3H-4AQ-1 

Hydrology Air 

Quality

Resource Management Plan ce Management Plan 

165 
Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan Table 15: Monitoring (continued) Monitor BLM proposed and authorized actions to ensure they are consistent with the Bureau’s Special Status Species Policy (6840) and to ensure they are consistent with the objectives and guidelines outlined in the RMP. Periodically assess the eff ectiveness of a sampling of diff erent vegetation treatments and disturbance actions to determine eff ectiveness of management decisions. Monitor BLM proposed and authorized actions to ensure they are consistent with the objectives and guidelines outlined in the RMP. Periodically assess the eff ectiveness of management actions that occur in special habitats or potentially could aff ect special habitat features. For example, monitoring the eff ectiveness of seasonal closures during the winter at caves closed to protect hibernating Townsend’s big-eared bats. In conjunction with other private, state or federal agencies, continue to monitor wildlife populations associated with source habitats in the planning area. Do this at several scales:

- For individual species such as bald and golden eagles, sage grouse, deer, elk and pronghorn.- Groups of species associated with source habitats such as shrub-steppe, juniper and ponderosa

pine. 

- For individual species and groups of species at a regional scale such as bald and golden eagles,

Townsend’s big-eared bat, raptors, neotropical migratory songbirds, and bats associated withcaves.

Periodically determine the adequacy of existing data (i.e., species, habitats, etc.) for supportingmanagement decisions.Also, monitor riparian habitat condition on an allotment basis during allotment evaluations or duringrangeland health assessments as part of determining properly functioning condition.Periodically monitor, at a watershed or sub-watershed scale, habitat conditions to determine theirsuitability to support species associated with those habitats. Use this information to identify existingconditions and to aid in determining trends.Monitor BLM proposed and authorized actions to ensure they are consistent with the objectives and guidelines outlined in the RMP.Also monitor forage production and wildlife allocations on an allotment basis during allotmentevaluations or during rangeland health assessments. 

Determine trends in health, diversity, andproductivity of populations of special statuswildlife species, and the habitat on which theydepend.Measure changes in amount of special habitatfeatures.Measure changes in distribution andabundance of species of focus.Determine changes in health, diversity, and productivity of populations of native plants and animals.Measure changes in benefi ts to wildlife, andchanges in wildlife use in Primary, Secondary, and General wildlife emphasis areas. 

W-1W-2W-3W-4 

Wildlife

166 
Table 15: Monitoring (continued)

Document instances of use of heavy equipment for fi re suppression in ACECs, WSAs, RNAs, andwhether such equipment was restricted to existing roads and trails. Determine pre-fi re condition and post-fi re condition by monitoring plant community compositionand trend in burn areas to determine natural recovery, responses from seed planting, and weed and cheatgrass invasion. Monitoring methods may include photo points, density, cover, frequency plots,and ocular estimates.Use FIREMON (hĴp://fi re.org/fi remon/), a fi re eff ects monitoring and inventory protocol, and/or recentversion of Interagency fi re eff ects monitoring guidance.Evaluate post-treatment fi re behavior in wildland urban interface areas, including eff ects on: a) humansafety, b) success of suppression. Periodically review treatments to determine eff ects on recreationopportunities, wildlife habitat and corridors, visual quality, air and water quality, and public access. 

Document management response to wildlandfi res.Measure changes in soil and vegetation (including weed) response to burned arearehabilitation.Determine trends in ecosystem health andsusceptibility to extreme fi re behavior. Determine changes in fi re behavior, resource values, and recreational opportunities beforeand aĞer hazardous fuels treatments inwildland urban interface areas. 

FF-1FF-2FF-3FF-4 

Fire & Fuels

Resource Management Plan ce Management Plan 

167 
Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan Table 15: Monitoring (continued) Collate existing base information and develop additional baseline inventories of plant communities following “Research Natural Areas: Baseline Monitoring and Management” (USDA-FS, 1984). Periodically monitor the impacts of management actions on resource values, including the health of RNA plant community cells. This will be done using such techniques as photo points, line intercept transects, ocular surveillance, study plots, and value points. Pecks milkvetch ACEC: Make periodic visits related to apparent threats and trend, wildfi re, and other factors. Collect qualitative observations, estimate of the number of plants, documentation of threats and other information. Take photographs. Long-term monitoring consists of 16 macroplots (1 meter wide, 100 or 200 meters long) encompassing four distinct populations (four macroplots per population). These were established by The Nature Conservancy and are re-read approximately every fi ve years by BLM. Data concerning plant size and reproductive status was originally collected; now the data consists mostly of simple census.

Powell BuĴe RNA/ACEC: Establish permanent plots conforming to RNA monitoring protocol (Pacifi c Northwest Research Station, USFS) in cooperation with the Natural Areas Association. Re-read theseplots as needed. Monitor a) Insect infestations, b) Invasion or spread of exotic plant species, c) Juniperbough harvesting near the RNA, d) Research/education use, and e) Visitor/recreation useHorse Ridge RNA/ACEC: Establish permanent plots, conforming to RNA monitoring protocol (Pacifi c Northwest Research Station, USFS) in cooperation with the Natural Areas Association. Re-read theseplots as needed. During a natural fi re, monitor daily to insure prescribed parameters are followed. Within two weeks of fi re, map the extent of the fi re and document other information such as extentof disturbance, if any, resulting from suppression activities, apparent mortality of the vegetation andany damage to perimeter fence. Re-visit in subsequent years to document changes in vegetation, regeneration, weeds, etc. Monitor a) Condition of boundary fence and signs, b) Insect infestations, c)Invasion or spread of exotic plant species, d) Juniper bough harvesting near the RNA, e) Research/education use, and f) Visitor/recreation use.WSAs: Follow direction within the existing policy for WSAs (USDI-BLM 1995). Monitor WSAs at leastonce per month during the months the area is accessible by the public, or more frequently if necessarybecause of potential use activities or other resource confl icts. Use aerial surveillance, on-the-groundsurveillance, visitor contact, permit compliance checks, and other methods as appropriate.Establish program for monitoring caves. Conduct periodic inventories that monitor trends such as:1) rates of visitation, 2) evidence of human activities such as excavation, graffi ti, fi re rings, brokencave formations, and 3) population numbers of key species such as bats (including hibernacula andmaternity roost use). Monitoring would also track changes in access to cave sites, including conditionof roads, trails and parking areas and their size, condition and distribution. Also use monitoring asdescribed in W-2, Wildlife section and in A-1, A-2, Archeology section. 

Determine trends in “relevance and importance” criteria for ACECs, and in thevalues for which the ACECs were designated.Measure change in public awareness of location and importance of ACEC values.Determine District contribution towards national system of RNAs.Document trends in wilderness characteristicsin WSAs. Measure biologic, scientifi c, cultural and geologic values/resources ofsignifi cant caves, and availability of research,interpretation and education opportunities.Document trends in nominated values for caves which have been determined signifi cant. 

SMA-1SMA-2SMA-3SMA-4SMA-5 

Special Management Areas

168 
Table 15: Monitoring (continued)

Collect actual use reports from grazing permiĴees (report includes livestock numbers, pasture use,turnout and gather dates).Maintain central log of verbal and wriĴen public inquiry/complaint regarding confl icts. Complete“Grazing Matrix” checklist (document potential confl icts) for an allotment when a permiĴee expressesintent to transfer or relinquish the permit.Grazing allotments in the planning area have been assigned to a management category so managementeff orts and funding can be directed to areas of greatest need. The three categories are I (Improve), M(Maintain), and C (Custodial), based on: (1) Present resource conditions, (2) Forage production andpotential, (3) Potential confl icts with recreation and other users, (4) Potential confl icts with adjacentland use or busy roads, (5) Presence of important habitat, high priority watersheds, or other importantresources, (6) Current livestock grazing management, and (7) opportunity for positive economic returnon investment.In “I” category allotments, examine trend plots (see next paragraph) every fi ve years, and recordutilization data (key forage plant method, USDI BLM 1989) every other year. In “M” allotments,determine trend every 10 years, and utilization every fi ve years. Monitoring in “C” allotments islimited to periodic inventories and observations to measure long-term resource condition changes.Measure trend by noting changes in composition, density, cover, production, vigor, age class, andfrequency of the vegetation and related parameters of other resources. Use step-point nearest plant,nested frequency line intercept, photo plots, Parker three-step, and other methods as appropriate.On a periodic basis, evaluate every allotment using the “Healthy Rangelands Standards andGuidelines” (see Vegetation monitoring, above). Currently, this is expected to occur about once every 10 years. 

Determine trends in forage made available for livestock grazing.Measure changes in level of confl ict between livestock grazing and other uses and values onpublic land, and with adjacent landowners.Document trends in health and sustainabilityof rangeland ecosystems (also see suggestedmonitoring methodology for Vegetation, above). 

LG-1 

Livestock Grazing

Resource Management Plan ce Management Plan 

169 
Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan Table 15: Monitoring (continued) Conduct annual review of maps and other records showing areas available for leasable, locatable, and mineral materials. Monitor mining operations to ensure compliance with 3803, 3809, and other regulations and conditions of approval, especially preventing “unnecessary or undue degradation” of disturbed areas in coordination with state regulating agencies. Periodically inspect mining claim activities, including quarterly inspections for all operations using cyanide, biannual inspections for all other active operations, and more oĞen in areas with a high potential for greater than usual impacts. Periodically inspect leasable mineral activities and applicable resource aĴributes. Determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, lease(s) conditions, and exploration and development plans.

Maintain log of phone calls and other complaints received from miners or from others concerningmining activity. On an annual basis, review concerns received and determine where problems areconcentrated or increasing, compared to the year before.Conduct annual review of maps and other records showing areas available for recreationalrockhounding and decorative stone collection. Compare with requests received for these uses. 

Determine trend in availability of leasable,locatable and mineral material prospecting,exploration and development. Determine eff ects on resource values frommineral prospecting, exploration anddevelopment.Measure level of confl ict between mining(commercial and recreational) and other usesand adjacent landowners.Document availability of recreationalrockhounding and decorative stone collectionopportunities.Measure ground disturbance and illegalcommercial activity related to recreationalrockhounding and decorative stone collection. 

MN-1MN-2MN-3, 4 

Minerals

170 
Resource Management Plan ce Management Plan 

Table 15: Monitoring (continued)

Record accomplishments for providing wood products and special forest, range, and woodland products in the Timber Sale Information System database and in MIS reporting.Document phone calls, leĴers, and other contacts with adjacent land owners and users of publiclands when they are reporting hazard trees that threaten public safety or property. Survey recreationfacilities, roads, and other frequently visited locations on public lands annually for hazard trees.Incorporate hazard tree surveys and evaluation with all vegetation management projects.Document requests from Oregon Parks and Recreation Department to help manage the timber andvegetation resource within La Pine State Park. Include La Pine State Park in larger watershed or landscape-level vegetation monitoring plans when appropriate and cost-eff ective.Conduct site inspections, monitor resource impacts of individual training exercises, determinecompliance to standards (e.g., water and air quality per Federal and State law), and collect and evaluate information from other agencies. Conduct independent and cooperative surveys with OMD includingthe Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan and Integrated Natural Resources PlanPeriodically review resource area NEPA decisions to ensure that BLM’s VRM Contrast Rating Process isbeing used and the VRM Classes identifi ed in the Upper Deschutes RMP are being used.Conduct monitoring, including periodic patrols to check boundaries, signing, and visitor use; to ensurevisitor compliance with rules and regulations; to establish baseline data and observation points todetermine current impacts from recreational use; and to develop studies to help determine appropriatelevels and paĴerns of recreational use and the infl uences of other resource uses. Focus fi eld monitoringon visitation levels, compliance with rules, regulations, and permit stipulations for specifi c sites, dispersed uses, and prescribed standards and guidelines. Use visitor surveys, traffi c counters, surveillance at developed recreation sites, documentation of user confl icts, and photo documentationof the changes in resource conditions over time. Monitoring may also include collection of datafrom visitor comments and complaint or information request calls or emails. Use monitoring data tomanage visitor use, develop plans and projects to reduce visitor impacts, and to provide appropriatefacility or transportation system design. 

Document trends in availability of forest, rangeand woodland products.Determine trends in hazards to people andfacilities from hazard trees or trees possessingother defects.Document District contribution to helpingmanage health and function of forest, meadowand riparian ecosystems within La Pine StatePark.Verify implementation of OMD’s mitigationactivities and procedures for protecting publicsafety.Determine changes in eff ects to character oflandscape in each VRM Class area.Determine trends in the amount and rangeof recreational opportunities for individual,group, and competitive recreational use. Usesinclude off -highway motorized use, developedor urban-based recreation, and non-motorizedrecreation opportunities.Measure trends in the associated visitorsatisfaction, level of resource protection,and amount of confl ict with other users andadjacent landowners. 

FP-1FP-2FP-3MU-1MU-2VR-1R-1R-2R-3R-4R-5R-6 

Forest, Range, and Woodland 

Products

Military Visual 

Resources

Recreation

171 
Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan Table 15: Monitoring (continued) Review ROWs for compatibility with other ROWs in the same areas. Monitor use on existing ROWs, placing emphasis on most used routes. Monitoring will be accomplished through the terms and conditions of the grant. Emphasize improvements on selected heavy use routes. Periodically review BLM road and ROW inventory sources for increases in the number of ROWs and compare to the number of new routes. Periodically check that developed roads are available to all communities and routes are planned to public and private lands where the road will cross public lands. Review terms and conditions of ROW every fi ve years. Comparing actual eff ects to predicted eff ects. Inspect site and conduct independent and cooperative surveys with OMD including: a) the Integrated

Cultural Resources Management Plan and Integrated Natural Resources Plan, b) recordation ofcompliance to standards established pursuant to applicable Federal and State law such as for water and air quality, c) collection and evaluation of information from other agencies, and d) evaluate resourceimpacts of individual training exercises.Hold annual meetings between BLM and OMD as provided for in the lease, to a) review adequacy ofand compliance with the terms and conditions of the lease, and b) come to agreement on future actionssuggested in studies and research described above.

Review regional transportation and utility systems against existing and predicted needs, incooperation with local governments, agencies, and ROW holders. Review eff ects to ecological andrecreational values (see suggested monitoring under aff ected resource value).

Maintain log of administrative access requests and authorizations. Periodically review number andevaluate any unmet needs. 

Document new or modifi ed rights-of-way fortransportation corridors and communication/energy sites, and compare to recognized needfor such ROWs.Determine how integrated, functional, safe andeffi cient the transportation system is. Monitor how it supports approved land uses, provideslinks between communities, reduces confl ictswith adjacent landowners, and balances publicaccess needs with resource protection.Determine level to which appropriatemitigation measures are included in ROWs.Monitor the extent to which the long-termtransportation system meets military’s specifi c training objectives, maximizes benefi ts to other users (including recreation use of public lands),and minimizes impact to natural resources.Determine eff ects on regional transportationsystem needs and ecological and recreationalvalues resulting from consolidation oftransportation and utility systems.Determine changes in amount of and requestsfor administrative access. 

TU-1TU-2TU-3TU-4TU-5TU-6 

Transportation & Utilities

172 
Resource Management Plan ce Management Plan 

Table 15: Monitoring (continued)

Verify the number of acres of Z-1, Z-2 and Z-3 lands in public ownership. Compare existingownership paĴerns with RMP objectives. Compare existing ownership paĴerns with RMP objectives. Periodically meet with communities toreview progress in meeting those needs, and identify any new needs.

Verify wildlife habitat connectivity and compare to RMP objectives. Verify each easement, including year initiated, location, public acres aff ected, and other details. Periodically conduct reviews of withdrawn lands within the planning area. Periodically review BLM law enforcement data from incident reports and assess the number offi rearm discharge related incidents occurring on BLM administered public lands. Periodically trackthe number of fi rearm discharge closures processed by Deschutes or Crook County for subdivisionsand whether these closures match restrictions on adjacent BLM administered lands.

Periodically review BLM law enforcement data from incident reports and assess trends in the number/amount of illegal dumping of residential, commercial, industrial, and hazardous waste. Periodically review BLM expenditures per year for disposal of abandoned automobiles. 

Monitor the number of acres of high publicresource values retained in or added topublic ownership, and the acres of theselands transferred to other ownership throughexchange or disposal.Monitor District contribution of public land tomeet community needs.Monitor changes in land ownershippaĴerns and the consequent eff ects on land management effi ciency, wildlife habitatconnectivity, and recreational access.Monitor change in number of conservation easements.Monitor the extent to which withdrawn landsare being used consistent with the purpose forwhich the lands were withdrawn.Document trends in the number of reportsof fi rearm discharge: a) towards public landvisitors, b) in non-motorized use areas onpublic land and into residential areas adjacentto public land, and c) causing damage tofacilities or natural/cultural resources.Document change in number/amount of illegaldumping of residential, commercial, industrial,and hazardous waste, and associated changesin public health and safety, recreationopportunities, and risk of wildland fi re. 

LO-1LO-2LO-3LO-4LO-5LO-6LO-7PHS-1PHS-2PHS-3PHS-4PHS-5PHS-6PHS-7 

Land Ownership Public Health & Safety

173 
Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan Table 15: Monitoring (continued) In collaboration with the Archaeological Society of Central Oregon (ASCO), continue on-the-ground monitoring of identifi ed sites to determine condition, impacts, deterioration, and use of such sites. Priority for site monitoring will be based on: 1) site signifi cance or site’s potential to yield signifi cant information to determine its eligibility to the National Register, 2) the severity of threat to a site, 3) the immediacy of threat to a site. Visit Wagon Road and Tumalo Canal ACECs quarterly and twice yearly (respectively) to monitor cultural resource values. Monitor “at-risk” archaeological sites at Redmond Caves, Steelhead Falls, and Pictograph Cave twice yearly. All information resulting from site visits will be entered into the resource area cultural resource database. Visit other cultural resource sites within the planning area on a periodic basis, at a minimum of 10 sites annually. Monitor the condition of the site and document any disturbance or deterioration of the site, and enter information into the cultural resource database. If a site is considered eligible to the National Register of Historic Places, initiate consultation with the State Historic Preservation Offi cer, when necessary, to determine the appropriate action to stop site deterioration or apply mitigation measures. Work with BLM law enforcement in the case of criminal removal of site materials. Every two years, update list of heritage resource interpretive opportunities provided on District. Determine changes in condition of archaeological resources, with special aĴention to “at-risk” signifi cant archaeological resources. Document trends in availability of interpretive 

opportunities provided by District for thepublic to learn about and enjoy heritageresources. 

A-1A-2A-3 

Archaeology

174