KHR-5 

May 25,1802 

(UASA-Tll-aU752) CiiKCliCLCGY GF KSC AYE KSC N&L- 27160 

BUALILD EVEYTS FOii lseo (LASA) 323 F 

HC AlU/ah A31 CSCL 05A 

Unclas 

G3/81 28173 

Chronology of 

KSC and KSC Related 

- 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Admlnlstratlon 

John F. Ken- Space Center 
CHRONOLOGY OF 

KSC AND KSC-RELATED 

EVENTS FOR 

1980 

SELECTED 

By Ken Nail, 3r. 

Wew World Services, Inc. 

HI STOR I AN/ARCH I V I ST 
January 1980 

January 3: Erik Quistgaard, former managing direc-or of the Danish shipbuilding firm OLS, has been appointed director general of the European 

Space Agency effective May 15, succeeding Roy Gibson of the United Kingdom. 

Quistgaard, 58, earlier served as general manager and director of Wolvo in 

Sweden and spent three years with Chrysler Corp. in the U.S. He holds an 

H.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical Uni wersity of 

Copenhasn. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Val . 108, No. 1, Thursday, danuary 3, 1980, p 4) 

o Europe's first space launch vehicle, the Ariane, was successfully launched 

on its maiden flight Dec. 24 from the Guiana Space Center. The LO1 vehicle, which carried a monitoring "capsule" rather thar; a satellite for the 

first mission, achieved an orbit very close tc the planned 200/35,373 

kilometer, 10.5 degree orbit planned. The European Space Agency and the 

French Space Agency temd the mission "a total success." The test flight 

is the first of four such flights planned to certify the vehicle. Two 

successes will be needed to declare the vehicle operational -- and ready to 

comte with the U.S. Space Shuttle for international space launches. The 

Ariane is comprised of three stages primarily built by France with some 

major Gemn subsystems, all powered by liquid propellant French engines. 

France fs providing 64 percent of the cost of the program; Germany, 20 

percert. (Defense, Space Business Daily, Vol. 208, No. 1, Thursday, 

Januarj 3, 1980, p 4) 

o Retired Lt. Col. John A. "Shorty" Powers, NASA's former "voice of Mission 

Ccntrol" who made the term "A-OK" a global byword, was found dead Tuesday 

night in his secluded home. 

Powers served as Air Force public affairs officer for the nation's space 

program from 1959 to June 1964. 

Over radio and television he used the phrase "everything is A-OK" as he 

described early U.S. space flights. 

thing that was going smoothly. 

It became a popular coment for anyHe worked on six flights, including John Glenn's mission, the first time an 

American orbited Earth. (Sentinel Star, January 3, 1980) 

1 
ORIGINAL PKE !E3 

OF POOR QUALIW 

January 4: From 370 proposals, NASA has selected 78 life science investlgations as candidates for two life science-dedicated Spacelab missions to be 

conducted in mid-1983 and early 1985. About 15 to 20 investigations can be 

accmodated on each Spacelab mission. Only four of the selected experiments are from outside the U.S. -- two from the United Kingdom and one each 

from Australia and Switzerland. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol . 108, 

No. 2, Friday, January 4, 1980, 11) 

o While the Space Shuttle will gather its share of headlines for its first 

launch this year, five expendable missions will continue to carry comunications and scientific satellites into orbit. 

The first launch of the year will be an Atlas-Centaur carrying FLTSATCOM-C 

to geostationary orbit. The spacecraft will be the third in a series of 

mi 1 i tary communi cati ons sate1 1 i tes desi gned to provi de re1 i able comuni cations between ships, planes and ground units worldwide. The January 17 

launch date has a window of 8:26 to 9:45 p.n. FLTSATCOW-C will be launched 

from complex 36. 

Scheduled during January or February is the first Solar Haximum Mission. 

SMM-A is a NASA-funded mission to study solar flares, sunspots and other 

activity on the sun's surface. 

a reimbursable basis, with the spacecraft Owners bearing costs for the rocket and launch operations. SMN-A will ride a Delta rocket. 

All other planned missions for 1980 are on 

In August, the Geostationary Operational Envi ronmental Sate1 1 i te-D is set 

for launch aboard a Delta vehicle. This weather satellite will collect 

meteorological and oceanographic data for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 

The first of two INTELSAT V launches for the year will take place in September on an Atlas Centaur. Both satellites are part of a new series of 

high-capaci ty spacecraft for the 102member nations of the International 

Telecommunications Satellite Organization. The second satellite in the 

series is set for sometime in December. 

Two possible call-up missions may be launched in 1980, depending on the 

needs of the Ltsers. They include a fourth FLTSATCOM and SBS-A, the first 

in a new series of communications satellites for Satellite Business 

Systems. SBS-A will be aboard a Delta. (Spaceport Yews, Voi . 19, No. 1, 

January 4, 1980, p 1) 

2 
0 THE WHITE HOUSE 

WASH I NGTON 

November 26, :979 

To Bob Frosch 

As I indicated during your excellent program 

review, I fully support the Space Shuttle 

program because of its integral relationship 

to our national goals in science and exploration, cotrrnercial space utilization, defense, 

and techno1 ogi cal 1 eadershi p. I am confident 

you and your associates will manage this program carefully and well. I recognize we must 

expect and encounter setbacks in the course 

of a bold development effort of this kind, 

but I am certain they will be successfully 

overcome as they occur. 1 would like you to 

keep me up-to-date on the details of the 

Shuttle as we move toward its first flight 

next year. 

Sincerely , (original signed by Jiw Carter) 

Jimmy Carter 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 1, January 4, 1980, p 2) 

January 7: The European Space Agency, which said last week that preliminary 

data continues to verify that the maiden Ariane launch Dec. 24 was a total 

success, is plannins to conduct the second Ariane launch from the Guiana 

Space Center in by. Full data analysis of the Dec. 24 launch is underway 

and is expected to result in a further report by the end of this week, 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 3, Monday, January 7, 191r0, p 

18) 

o The backup for Japan's Experimental Comnunications Satellite (ECS-B) is 

being readied for launch by d Jspanese N-1 rocket next month from the 

Tanegashima Island launch base. ECS-A was launched by an N-1 from 

Tanegashima in February 1979, but failed to achieve final orbit because the 

booster third stage collided with the spacecraft shortly after the ECS was 

ejected, Objective of the program is to explore the higher frequency bands 

for use in sjtellitt! camnications. 

Cory. is prime contractor for the sateilite, with Mitsubishi Electric of 

Ford Aerospace (t Comnunications 

3 
ORiGINAL PI.;:,: -.; 

OF POOR QUjLtCT'r' 

Japan as the major subcontrictor, responsible for the power control unit, 

telemetry, command and anteri'a and attitude control electronics. 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 3, Monday, January 7, 1980, p 

18) 

January 9: Martin Marietta's Denver Division has received a $1 million NASA 

contract to design and build a solar wind analyzer instrument to be carried 

on one of the International Solar Polar Mission (ISPM) spacecraft to be 

launched towards the Sun by the Space Shuttle in 1983. 

Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 5, Wednesday, January 9, 1980, p 32) 

(Defense/Space 

o A planned five-day simulated flight of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Colurnbia 

was called off Monday night, when a simulated engine failed to function. 

The flight, part of the Orbiter Integration Test series at KSC, was 

rescbeduled for late yesterday, with astronauts Joe Engle and Richard 

Truly in the cockpit. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Yol. 108, No. 5, 

Wednesday, January 3, 1980, p 32) 

January 10: The General Accounting Office says that NASA should include 

higher inflation estimates and the cost of civil service salaries in its 

cost estimates for the Space Telescope. 

"In order to make more informed decisions on whether to fund new projects 

and to evaluate the progress of ongoing projects, the Congress should be 

aware of the life-cycle costs involved," it said. 

NASA has stated that it does not include the cost of civil service salaries 

in its estimates because it is given a certain manpower level, which is 

assigned to projects as they are authorized and appropriated. 

out that d certain level of personnel is necessary to oversee the nation's 

space effort, whatever the specific projects involved. 

It points 

If these additional costs were included in the agency's estimates, GAO 

said, the deve:opment cost of the ST would be $186 million higher and the 

17-year operational costs, $873 mi 11 ion higher. (Defense/Space Business 

Daily, Vol. 108, No. 6, Thursday, January 10, 1980, p 40) 

o Stanley G. Rosen, a test manager with the Air Force Defense Satellite 

Comunications system, told an ASS meeting in San Francisco that disposal 

in space of certain long-lived ruclear wastes "provides a feasible back-up 

4 
to terrestrial alternatives, and offers to substantially reduce long-term 

risks on Earth." At the same time, he said it nay be better to hold off 

space disposal of nuclear wastes until the next century, after the 

"economic, political, legal and technological" issues have been solved. He 

said the prograin would be an "enormously complicated systems engineering 

task." NASA and DOE are conducting feasibility studies for nuclear waste 

disposal in space via the Space Shuttle and Orbit Transfer Vehicles and say 

the concept continues to look feasible. 

;'ol. 108, No. 6, Thursday, January 10, 1980, p 42) 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, 

January 11: NASA Tuesday successfully conducted another simulated flight of 

the Space Shuttle Columbia in the Orbiter Processing Facility at the 

Kennedy Space Center. The 52-minute simulated flight included 46 minutes 

to reach final orbit and 6 minutes to checkout and place the Orbiter into a 

cruise mode to end the test. Astronauts Joe Engle and Rfchard Truly, the 

backup crew for the first Shuttle flight, were at the Columbia's controls 

for the test. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 7, Friday, 

January 11, 1980, p 47) 

o Over 1.2 million vfsitors took guided bus tours of NASA's John F. Kennedy 

Space Center and the adjacent Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in 1979, 

marking the third busiest year since the guided bus tours were initiated in 

1966. 

The 1,282,702 total was only 0.6 of one per cent lower than the 1978 figure 

of i,289,653, the second busiest year. 

1,389,049 in 1972, the year of the Apollo 16 and 17 missions which closed 

the nations manned lunar exploration program. (NASA News Release No. KSC 

1-80, January 11, 1980) 

Tour bus patronage peaked at 

January 13: Sorry, America: They aren't taking any passenger reservations 

for the Space Shuttle. 

Ever since Dec. 30, when Parade magazine, a Sunday supplement distributed 

with many newspapers, published a story about "passenger lines forming" for 

the shuttle, NASA officials have been receiving letttrs from across the 

country asking for seat reservations. 

Financing a personal trip to outer space would be a problem, several 

hopeful passengers admitted. 

to be allowed to pay $5 a month, and a thirdgrader said, "I know it is over 

my allowance. But I think R\Y parents will pay. I love space." 

One who clarmed to be "short of cash" asked 

5 
The money is being returned, NASA officials said, along with form letters 

explaining that the "place in line" for the "get-away special" discussed in 

the article is only for equipment for scientific experiments, not people. 

NASA has no plans to offer Shuttle sedts to paying passengers, they said. 

(Today, January 13, 1980, p 15A) 

January 14: The new Soyuz T improves on many system capabilities earlier 

found lacking by U.S. analysts. Highlights: 

Digital computer avionics capabi 1 i ty as opposed to only analog sequencers. 

Use of pressure-fed main engines as opposed to turbi ne-dri ven engines. 

Use of solar panels instead of expendable batteries on high-altitude 

missions. 

Likely increase in manecvering velocity changes over those available 

earlier, which seriously limited maneuvering. 

Higher telemetry data rate to the ground as compared with little or no 

telemetry for some earlier on-board systems. 

Use of microelectronics and advanced lightweight materials as opposed tu 

early 1960s technology in use in these areas until Soyuz T. 

Improved earth touchdown system to soften landings. 

Technology, Vol. 112, No. 2, p 57) 

(Aviation Week & Space 

o The tnird Navy FLTSATCOM satellite is scheduled for launch Thursday, Jan. 

17, from Cape Canaveral. An Atlas-Centaur will place the 4100-pound TRWbui It spacecraft into a geosyncnronous near-equatorial orbit, where it wi 11 

provide coverage from Africa to Australla and New Zealand. [FLTSATCOM-3 is 

about 800 pounds heavier than other satellites launched into synchronous 

orbit by the General Dynami cs-bui 1 t At 1 as-Centaur. ] FLTSATCOM-I , operat i ng 

since February 1978, provides service from Midway Island in the Qacific, 

across the continental U.S. to the Azores in the Atlantic; FLTSATCOM-2, 

launched last May, provides coverage froin the mid-U.S. across the Atlantic 

to the Indian Ocean. The new satellite has a design life of five years. 
It provides nine 25 KHz channels and twelve 5 KHt channels to serve small 

mobile users such as ships, aircraft and mobile ground units; a 25 KHr 

fleet broadcast channel, and a 500 KHt DOD channel. 

Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 8, Monday, January 14, 1980, p 52) 

(Defense/Space 

o The Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia was put through a third successful simulated launch Thursday night at Kennedy Space Center, after two days of 

delays. A fourth flight was slated Friday afternoon. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 8, Monday, January 14, 1980, p 52) 

o Widespredd modification to space shuttle flight enaine welds, which were 

made with welding rod from a suspect lot, apparently will not be 

necessary, accordi ng to Rocket dyne shutt 1 e main engine offici a1 s , who hope 

to have the modified engines reinstalled on Orbiter 102 by mid-March. 

There has been concern over the possibility of having to strengthen a large 

number of flight engine welds (AW&ST December 10, 1979, p. 20), but 

Rocketdyne officials said it now appears weld modifications will be limited 

to a section of a hydrogen line located near the base of the engine 

nozzles. 

1980, p 21) 

(Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol, 112, No. 2, January 14, 

o Soviet Union said last week its new Soyuz T spacecraft will remain docked 

to the Salyut 6 space station for several months. 

Soyuz T mission is a test of extensive system modifications, and its flight 

duration will provide an indication of how long such vehicles could support 

a manned space station crew. Earlier Soyuz design was limited to about 90 

days in space. 

The Soviets recently launched Cosmos 1,!.49. 

occurred January 9 and involved a photo reconnaissance spacecraft placed in 

a 414 x 208-km. (257 x 129-mi.) orbit inclined 72.9 deg. 

Space Technology, Vol, 112, No. 2, January 14. 1980, p 21) 

Soviets' first launch of 1980 

(Aviation Week L 

7 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALm 

January 15: The Soviet Union launched a Molniya 1 series comnunications 

It was the 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, 

satellite froin Plesetsk on Friday, January 1:. puttlng it into an orbit of 

478/40,830 kilometers, 62.8 degrees, 12 hours, 17 mlnutes. 

second Soviet space mission this year. 

Wol. 108, No. 9, Tuesday, January 15, 1980, p 63) 

o The fifth and final simulation flight of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia 

in the Orbiter Integration Test series -- and the first to include reentry 

and landing -- began last night at Kennedy Space Center and !s scheduled to 

:oncludc tomorrow morning. The fourth flight test was successfully 

conducted late Friday night and included the first simulated emergency -- 

the shutdown of one of the three fuel cells that provide electricity to the 

orbiter. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 9, Tuesday, January 

15, 198d, p 64) 

o The Denver Division of Martin Marietta Aerospace has been selected over 

General Electric and McDonnell Douglas for a $2.1 million NASA-Johnson 

contrxt to design and fabricate the kit that will be used if necessary to 

repair in orbit the thermal protection tiles of the Space Shuttle orbiter. 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 9, Tuesday, January 15, 198C, 

P 64) 

o The Peoples Republic of China is apparently well along in the development 

of an astronaut training program. 

photograph of an astronaut in a small simulated spacecraft, also displayed 

the photograph of "a young dog that was sent into space by our country" as 

one of three flights to "recuperate experiments." The three flights were 

made on December 2, 1975, December 18, 1976 and Jandary 30, 1978. The 

report says all Chinese astronauts are chosen froin pilots. No further 

detai 1s of the program were given. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 

108, No. 9, Tuesday, January 15, 1980, p 64) 

A report from Shanghai, accompanied by a 

o The launching of the third Defense Department/TRW Defense and Space Systems 

Group FLTSATCOM (Flt -.t Satellite Communications) satellite, originally 

scheduled for Dec. 4, 1979, has been rescheduled for launch on Jan. 17. A 

General Dynamics At1 as Centaur wi 11 boost the spacecraft, developed by the 

Air Force Space Division, into orbit from Cape Kennedy. Its final position 

will be a stationary orbit over the Atlantic. The flight was delayed in 

December because of technical problems with the Atlas first stage. 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 9, Tuesday, January 15, 1980, 

P 64) 

8 
January 16: "The space program today is on the verge of a dramatic 

transition from a pioneering capability and event orlentation to one of 

routine space operations that emphasize activities designed specifically to 

improve the quality and security of life for all people on this planet. We 

are, in effect, on the threshold of coming of age in space. 

"The key element here is the reusuable Space Shuttle. This remarkable flying machine will be capable of carrying heavier and larger payloads into 

low Earth orbit than the expendable rockets currently being used, and at a 

greatly reduced cost. Moreover, it allows us for the first time to return 

large payloads to Earth. 

the special properties of outer space - weightlessness, hard vacuum, limitless energy and high vantage point - all essential ingredients for the full 

industrial development of the space frontier. The industrialiratlon of 

space, I believe, is a foregone conclusion. It's just a matter of time. 

Thus, we will be able to take full advantage of 

The key challenge facing NASA, and the Kennedy Space Center in particular, 

will be in coping with the demands of industry, as well as those of scientific and military circles, to get into space. the logistical prroblems 

will be immense - and welcome." 

Richard Smith, Director, Kennedy Space Center) 

(Today,January 16, 1980; guest columnist 

January 17: [The following comnents on the European Space Agency's Ariane 

launch vehicle, which successfully flew its maiden flight last month, are 

excerpted from the European Communl ty 's "Europe" magazine.] 

"... When Ariane in its various versions roars into test flight from 

France's space center near KOU~OU, French Guiana, it could piace the European aerospace industry on a competitive footing with the United States in 

supp1yi:ig a growing worldwide demand for space launch facilities and services. Given the successful testing of Ariane, Europe also will be in a 

position to challenge U. S. dominance in the related and equally lucrative 

market for sell i ng ci vi 1 ian and mi 1 i tary sate1 1 i tes , which within less 

than a decade is expected to more than quintuple -- to well over $1 billion, according to both West European and U, s. space authorities. 

"Ariane is spectacular not only for the technology involved. 

credibility for markets and everything that goes with it, mainly satellites," says ESA's Raymore Orye, a Belgian, who heads the project. "It's 

greatest significance is new independence we gain from the United States." 

It also means 

"...The projected cost of an Ariane lamch is about $25 million. 

arrange shots for those around the world who are interested -- it should be 

a lucrative, new source of launch power for countries with satellite ambitions," explains an ESA official...". (Defense/Sp'ace Business Daily, Vol. 

108, No. 11, Thursday, January 17, 1980, p 75) 

We will 

9 
I 1 ORIGINAL PAGE 1s 

1 OF POOH QUALITY 

~ 

1 

January 18: The Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia successfully completed the 

descer,', and landing position of its fifth simulated space misslorl at KSC 

yesterday. The descent began at 10 AM and the landlng was successfully 

made at 10:59. However, because the hydraullcs were not actlvated for 

yesterday's test, NASA will repeat the descent and landlng slmulatlon today 

wlth the hydraullcs In operation. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, 

No. 12, Friday, January 18, 1380, p 86) 

o A multi-purpose series of tests with the Orbiter Columbia were resumed January 6 after a successful beginning before the holidays. 

Following the fifth successful mock launch January 14, George Page, director of Shuttle Operations said, "We are very pleased with the tests so 

far. It has been a very beneficial exercise and one that has provided members of the launch team with some very valuable experience." 

"With the tests we have completed so far," Page noted, "we are pleased with 

how compatible the orbiter flight hardware is with our Launch Processing 

System and ground support equipment." He also cited the OIT test team. 

"They put in a lot of long hours under some very difficult conditions. 

Everybody involved in these tests has put forth a tremendous effort." 

Another group whose invaluable assistance went almost unnoticed during the 

tests was the other astronauts assigned to provide support during orbiter 

checkout activities. Karol "60" Bobko, Loren Shriver, Dick Scobee, Fred 

Gregory and newly-assigned Ellison Onizuka spent many hours in the orbiter 

cockpit during the 1 ong and tedi ous pre-test preparati on and recycl ing 

periods. 

At press time on January 15, the five-part test series was scheduled to end 

Wednesday with the Orbiter Columbia completing its extensive 54-hour simu1 ated mi ssi on i ncl udi ng i n-orbi t operati on; and a reent ry/l andi ng prof i le. 

Prime crewinen for the first actual Space Shuttle launch, John Young and 

Robert Crippen, and their backups, Joe Engle and Richard Truly were taking 

turns at the contrvls of the orbiter during various portions of the tho-day 

mission. January 16, Young and Crippen were to enter the orbiter dressed 

in their pressurized flight suits and man controls during the mock return 

from space. 

The first ascent run, after the holiday with astronauts Engle and Truly 

aboard, was launched at 11:30 p.m. January 8 and completed a very smooth 

flight of about an hour before the simulation was terminated. 

10 
For the second ascent run, the orbiter's three electricity-producing fuel 

cells were used to provide the orbiter with power. Problems with one of 

the fuel cells, and a failure of two of Columbia's five on-board flight 

computers, delayed the second liftoff until 11 p.m. January 10. 

Crippen piloted the spacecraft into orbit and about 10 hours of orbltal 

operations with the fuel cells were conducted. 

Young and 

Countdown for the third simulated flight went much mOre smoothly, with o~ly 

one delay to solve a minor equipment problem. The mock liftoff cam at 

11:30 p.m. January 11 with Young and Crippen at the controls. The No. 1 

fuel cell was turned off for the run, giving the astronauts and ground 

support crews some experi ence in hand1 i ng f 1 i ght probl ems. 

Astronauts Truly and Ens'@ boarded the orbiter for the fourth ascent run, 

which following a problem-free countdown, and successfully got underway at 

10 p.m. January 13. Again during the launch phase, an electrical panel onboard the Columbia was intentionally failed, but the induced emergency did 

not hamper ?he flight. 

The final mock mission was launched at 2 a.m. January 14. Astronauts Engle 

and Truly put the Columbia into a planned orbit to begin two-days of orbital operations, including opening and closing of the payload bay doors and 

extending the radiators used to cool shuttle systems. (Spaceport News, 

Vol. 1, No. 2, January 18, 1980, p 1814) 

o Henry C. Paul has been appointed Deputy director of Design Engineering. 

Prior to this appointment , Paul was Di rector, Elect roni c Engineering. 

He joined the Kenneriy Space Center after retiring from the Air Force as a 

Lieutenant Colonel in 1967. 

At KSC, Paul served as Chief, Checkout Automation and Programing Office, 

Launch Venicle Operations, until August 1972 when he was made Technical 

Manager for development and implementation of a Launch Processing System. 

He assumed his most recent position as Electronic Engineeripg Director in 

October 1976. 

Paul was born in Beaufort, S.C. He and his wife Judy live in Cocoa Beach 

and have four children. (Spaceport News, Vol. i, No. 2, January 18, 1980, 

P 3) 

11 
o According to Wally Boggs, [ksig:: Engineering's Energy Project Coordinator, 

the Center is looking into the feasibility of mass producing ethyl alcohol 

which could be used directly or converted into some other fue:. AIthough 

still very much on the drawing board, small saaple plots of various vegetation, which could be converted into fuel, are already being grown 011 the 

Center. 

Planned for 1981 is the construction of an incinerator to hrn the 16 tons 

of paper waste created daily at KSC, 

heat-recovery unit to supply the Central Heating plant with added energy, 

will cost $800,000 and will pay for itself in just two years. (Spaceport 

News, Vol, 1, No. 2, January 18, 1980, p 3) 

The incinerator, which will include a 

Jarwary 21: Kennedy Space Center has completed stacking the *Donne11 

Doug1 as/Thi okol sol id rocket boosters for the fi rst space shuttle ai ssi on, 

a process that was delayed until Naticqal Aeronautics and Space Administration and contractor engineers solved technical problems with the 3.1- 

mi 11 i on-1 b-thrust stages. 

Primary problems encountered involved propel 1 ant sl umpi ng that forced 

Thiokol motor segment; as much as 1.3 in. out of round and some 

discontinuities in the propellants that had to be repaired. 

When NAP. initially at-mpted to stack the solids, measurements of the center segments revealed the out-of-round condition, forciag a delay in the 

operation until the problem was solved. 

Other problems that slowed stacking involved the propellants themselves. 

When one segment was placed on the booster StdCk on the mobile launcher by 

llni ted Space Booster, Inc., coitract personnel, inspectors found that a 

repair to the propellant gain made by Thiokol prior to shipment had apparently cured improperly, according to Alfred N. Wiley, Kennedy's chief of 

solid rocket booster operations. 

That problem was repaired in the Vehicle Assembly Building. 

On another segment, a crack was found in the propellant grain, and that 

unit was moved from the Vehicle Assembly Building to an isolated safe area, 

wdre the crack was smoothed by a standard repair procedure. 

Final solid rocket booster stacking was complzted the week of Jan. 7 

(Aviation Week 8, Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 3, p 71). 

12 
o The Defense Departasnt's FLTSATCW I11 cfnunlcatlons satellite was 

successfully placed in an initial transfer orblt after Its launch at 8:26 

Pn EST Thursday, Jan. 17, frosll Cape Kennedy by a General Oynarics Atlas 

Cmtrur. The Alr Force Space Dlvision/lftW Defense and Space Systeas 6mup 

satellite was scheduled to be boosted into Its stationary orbit at 23 

degrees W. longitude over the Atlsntlc wlth a tick stage flrlng Saturday at 

8:OO P#. The satelllte will replucs FLTSATCOn 11, which wlll be moved over 

an 80 day period to a posltion of 75 degrees E. longltude over the Indian 

Ocean. FLTSATCOn I is at 100 degrees W. longitude over the United States. 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, Val. 108, b. 13, Monday, January 21, 1980, 

P 89) 

o The launch schedule for the European Space Agency's Ariane launch vehicle, 

which successfully flew its maiden mission last month. is as follows: 

Flight 

LO-2 

LO-3 

10-4 

L-5 

L-6 

L-7 

L-8 

L-9 

L-10 

L-11 

L-12 

L-13 

lbte 

5/80 

9/80 

12/80 

4/81 

7/81 

10181 

12/81 

2/82 

4/82 

6/82 

8/82 

10/82 

parlord Custorw 

CAT E SA 

Fi rewheel Hax Planck 

Oscar -9 hat 

CAT €SA 

kteosat 2 €SA 

Apple 1 SRO 

CAT €SA 

brecs A ESA 

Murecs B ESA 

SIrio 2 ESA 

open - 

ECS 1 €SA 

Intelsat V F-6* Intel sat 

Exosat* €SA 

Intelsat V F-7** Intelsat 

Westar** NU 

Intelsat V F-8*** Intelsat 

Anik D*** Canada 

ECS 2 €SA 

Arabsat 1*** 

OpcrdItioMl Misslons 

Launch slots could be exchanged. 

** Launch slots could be excha;.wd. 

*** To be confirmed. 

mssim 

technology capsule 

stucly magnetosphere 

amateur radio set 

technology capsule 

metsat 

experimental satcor, 

technology capsule 

maritime satcola 

marltime satcoa 

disseminate weather data 

comunlcations 

comuni cat i ons 

astronw (x-rays) 

coRlliluni cat I ons 

dmsat 

corarwni cations 

comnications 

comr#rni cat i ons 

- 

Later Ariane launches will Include ESA's ECS 3 and ECS 4; France's SPOT 1, 

France's Telecom 1A and 10; the Franco-Germany Direct TV lA, lF, LA and 2F; 

ESA's kteosat 3, and ESA's Harecs C. (DefenselSpace Buslness Daily, Vol. 

108, No. 13, Monday, January 21, 1980, pp 90) 

13 
OR!G!NAL PAQE 

OF POOR QUALIV 

o Fonner Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins, who has been undersecretary of 

the hithsonian Instltution since April 1978, has joined LTV's Vought 

Corp. as vlcc president In charge of fleld operatlons. 

Collins will be rcspoqslblc for Vought's operations in Los Angcles and San 

Diego, Callf.; Dayton, Ohio; Fort Walton Beach, Fla.; Hampton, Va.; 

Huntsvi 1 le, Ala, , and Yashfngton, D.C. 

Vole 108, No, 13, Mnday, January 21, 1980, p 91-92) 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, 

o In order to keep industry apprised of the current state of the requirenents 

for the Power Extension Package that is planned for the Space Shuttle, 

NASA', Johnson Space Center is re?easing the PEP system specifications to 

interested companies, NASA Is planning 

to use the solar array being developed for the Solar Electric Propulsion 

Stage as the generator element for the PEF, a lightweight mission kit hich 

could extend the Shuttle's stay-time from 7 days to 14-18 days. 

Space Business Daily, Vol. 108. WO. 13, Monday, January 21. 1980, p 92) 

No RFP or planned RFP is involved. 

(Defense/ 

o !lperationai oceanic satellite system development now approved by the Carter 

Administration for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Flscal 1981 budget wi 11 lead to hundreds of mi 11 ions of dol lars In new business for hardware and data products and will open to cotmnercial and scfentific users an entirely new dimension in the ability to monitor earth from 

s;-:e. 

USA also has received formal approval to request Fiscal 1981 new start 

funding for a gam ray observatory that will be one of the heaviest unmanned scientific spacecraft ever launched and provide information that will 

help ex?lain the mechanisms behind some of the most intriguing objects in 

space, si4t-h as oulsdrs and black holes. 

Additional key feature or NkSA's Fiscal 1981 budget will be a $300-million 

supplement41 request for Fiscal 1980 space shuttie funding and $700-800 

million i.: shuttle funding for Fiscdl 1981 beyond the amount NASA believed 

a yedr ago it would require in this budget to maintain shuttie development 

and production. 

The Adininistration cut both the shuttle power extension dw t)!dr electric 

propulsion froin the NAS.4 Fiscal 1981 request, a mvtf that wili delay expanded space shuttle utilization and will kill a single spacecraft flyby of 

Halley's comet and rende:*ious with the Comet Tempe1 2. 

14 
oRK#NAL PAGE Is 

OF eooR QUALrrV 

MSA wlll head a tri-agency manageimnt structure, Including the Defense 

Dcpt. and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which recently 

was glvcn responstbility for dqy-to-day operatlonal pasote sensing control. 

Funding for the MISS development wlll be roughly 25% each for loAA and NASA 

and SOX for the Defense Dept. with a total of $10-15 ~rllllocr planmd for 

MISS in Fiscal 1981. (Avlatlon Ueek and Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 3, 

January 21, 1980, p 51) 

Jrnvrry 22: NASA has decided to extend the operation of the HEAO-2 spacecraft because the mission has provided "significant results" and Its instrunentr continue to meet or exceed expectations. 

ing the largest x-ray telescope ever built, was launched in November 1978 

on a planned ll-inonth mission to survey the sky for x-ray, gatm-ray and 

cosmic-ray sources. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 14. 

Tuesday, January 22, 1980, p 98) 

The spacecraft, carryo NASA Administrator Dr. Robert Frosch said last week that he is pleased with 

the progress being mde on the Space Shuttle development program. 

He called the completion last rrcek of the simulated Shuttle orbital flight 

series "a major milestone which brings us significantly closer' to uaklng 

the first Shuttle flight. "We are very pleased and sornewhat surprised 1: 

went as rapidly and quickly as It did." 

The NASA administrator was quoted as saying that the flight could slip to 

1981. Each day of delay In the program is costing an estimated $4-5 million per day. 

now officially scheduled for June 1980. 

Vol. 108, #0. 14, Tuesday, January 22, 1980, p 96) 

The flight was originally scheduled for June 1979, and is 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, 

r) The simulated series of flight tests of the Space Shuttle Orblter Columbia 

was successfully concluded Frlday morning at Kennedy Space Center, and the 

Shuttle test dl rector pronounced the overall program "a total success. " 

15 
- -. -Y 

oR@qL+& 

OF POOR @JALlTY 

The Orbiter Integrated Test (OIT) series, designed to demonstrate selected 

orbiter hardware and software subsystem operations during a mission t:meline, included five separate launch and ascent profiles, on orbit operations and two entry missions. The second descent and landing mission was 

ordered for last Friday after the simulated hydrau1;cs (speed brakes) were 

not employed in the first test because of computer problems. 

Veteran astronar;t John Young, who participated in the simulated tests and 

who will pilot the first Shuttle flight, said his "level of confidence has 

gone up because things worked the way the program is supposed to work and 

the spacecraft operated like a champ." 

Robert Crippen, the other member of the primary Shuttle crew who also participated in the OIT, said, "We are anxious to go, but were anxious that 

everything be right, The Shuttle is really a very spectacular machine 

which will do a lot for thi; country," (Defense/Space Business Daily, 

Wol. 108, No, 14, Tuesday, January 22, 1980, p 96) 

o The Senate Comnerce Conmittee wants to know if the "Noon Treaty" recently 

passed by the U.N. General Assembly could hinder the ability of the United 

States to utilize the resources of the Moon and other extraterrestrial 

bodies if it chooses to do so. 

To that end it has ordered a study by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment on the impact of the treaty ["Agreement Governing the Activities of the States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies") on the capability of the U.S. to exploit extraterrestial materials. 

The "Moon Treaty" dec 

celzstial bodies "8re 

nations that sign the 

restrial rPsources is 

negotiate an internat 

resource:. 

ares that the natural resources of the Moon and other 

the cmn heritage of mankind." 

treaty to undertake, as the exploitation of extraterabout to become feasible, to convene a conference to 

onal regime to govern the exploitation of those 

It calls for 

The U.S. position is that it can undertake experimental missions and then 

pilot operatiow within the context of the treaty, with sharing of space 

resources done on an "equitable" -- not equal -- basis. (Defense/Space 

Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 14, Tuesday, January 22, 1980, p 100) 

16 
dravry 23: Inadequate adhesion of an excessive number of Them1 Protection System insulation tiles on the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia Is causing increasing concern for NASA officials and is expected to further delay 

the first launch of the Shuttle. 

Because of the hlgh failure rate of tiles during pull-testing, which Is 

testing the ability of the tiles to stay on the Shuttle at pressures stmewhat higher than expected during an actual mission, more tiles have been 

removed from the Columbia than added during the last two months. 

Apprehension over the adhesiveness of the tiles began after tk Columbia 

arrived at Kenne4y Space center last June after a disastrous airlift with 

same dmqy tiles installed on the orbiter, which resulted in damage to soae 

of the actual tiles. Fol low-on inspections disclosed the adhesion problem. 

As a result NASA ordered the pull testing to certify the tiles and, then, 

ordered the development of a system that would al?ow the astronauts to repair damaged tiles in space. The repair system, however, is not scheduled 

to be used on the initial flight, because the pressures the tiles will be 

subjected to on that mission will be less than later flights. 

Another factor which some suggest could enter into the schedule is the 

presidential election in November. The Administration might not want to 

fly the mission just before the election, because of the possible adverse 

consequences of a failure. NASA naturally would prefer any extra tlne It 

could get to further insure against anything going wrong. (Defense/Space 

Buslness Daily, Vol. 108, No. 15, Wednesday, January 23, 1980, p 102) 

o Lee R. Scherer, former NASA director of Kennedy Space Center, has been 

elected president of the ROWAC Corp. effective imnediately. 

Prior to his appointment, Scherer worked for a short time as a consultant 

to the Rockledge-based firm. (TODAY, Wednesday, January 23, 1980) 

January 24: The two congressional subconmi ttees responsible for authorizing 

funds for NASA start this session of Congress with new staff chiefs. 

Ronald W. Konkel, formerly deputy chief of the Energy and Science Division 

of the White House Office of Management Diviston, has been named staff 

counsel for the Subcotunittee on Science, Technology and Space of the Senate 

17 
Commerce Cmittee, and Darrell R. Bransconre has been promoted from deputy 

staff director to staff director of the Subcornittee on Space Science and 

Applications, House Comittee on Science and Technology, which is responsible for all but the aeronautics portion of the NASA authorization. He has 

been a member of the subconnittee staff since April 1975. 

Konkel succeeds Dr. John Stewart, who has joined the TVA as manager of 

plans and budget. 

Sranscorne takes over from long-time subconunittee staff director James E. 

Wilson, who has joined McDonnell Douglas Corp. as Washington representative-legislative liason. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 

16, Thursday, January 24, 1980, p 111) 

o The Landsat-2 Earth Resources Satellite, launched in June 1975, has ceased 

operatlon due to wear-induced failure on Its primary flight ccatrol system. 

with backup systems but has abandoned the effort and shut down the satellite, which had a design life of only one year. 

leaves NASA with only one operating Earth Resources Satellite, Landsat-3, 

and one of the two tape recorders and the thermal band of the MultiSpectral Scanner on that spacecraft are inoperative. NASA Is hopinq that 

Landsat-3 will continue to operate until the fourth Landsat (Landsat-0) is 

launched in the fall of 1981. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, 

No. 16, Thursday, January 24, 1980, p 111) 

NASA has tried over the last two months to control the spacxraft 

The shutdown of Landsat-2 

o Iveys Steel Erectors Inc., of Merritt Island, Florida, has won a contract 

to perform extensive modifications to the second of three Mobile Launcher 

Platforms here. 

The $432,666 fixed price contract is the result of a tota! small business, 

labor surpi:is area set-aside. The contract allows for a 180 calendar day 

period ~t performance, and all work will be accomplished at Kennedy Space 

Center. i:iASA Nebs Release No. 6-80, January 24, 1980) 

o Minnesota, Mining and Manufacturing Co., of St. Paul, Minn., kss won a 

$32,196 contract for NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center for tile purchase 

0: thermal heat barrier insulation tape. (NA.SA News Release No. 7-80, 

January 24, 1980) 

18 
ORlGfNAC PAGE fS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

January 85: Presiuent Carter's sclence adviser, Dr. Frank Press, saidyesterday in Peking that the United States my launch a broadcast colffsunications 

satellite for the People's Republic of China in 3-4 years. Press, heading 

a 14-laenber delegation discussing U.S.-Chinese scientific and technological 

cooperation, said the launching of the satellite had been discussed with 

the Chinese. "I think the Chinese soon may be talking to American Aanufacturers about this," he said. At the conclusion of a three-day meting, 

agreements on joint research and cooperation in several areas were signed, 

The delegation also discussed the Landsat receiving station which was 

offered the Chinese by Defense Secretary Harold Brown earlier this month. 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 17, Friday, January 25, 1980, 

P 115) 

rlanurry 28: 

UPCWIWG LAUNCHES 

EXPENDABLE 

HISS ION VEHICLE PAD DATE 

SMn (1 DELTA 17A February 

INTdT v F-1 (2) ATLAS CENTAUR 368 September 

GOES-6 (3) DELTA 17A September 

SBS-A (4) DELTA 17A October 

FLTSATCOFI-D (5) ATLAS CENTAUR 368 November 

IWTELSAT V F-2 ATLAS CENTAUR 368 December 

OFT-1 (6) SPACE SHUTTLE 39A No earlier than March' 81 

KEY 1 

Solar Maximum Mission, NALA science mission 

'fate; 1 i te Business S stems-cotrmunicati on: sate1 1 i te 

x I aamerZia1 comihnications satellite 

I Geostationary 9erational Environmental Satellite 1 

I - Urbitamight - - TeSt, (Manned) 

I TLeet SaTeTlite C OM2 nications spacecraft, Navy 

(NASA News Release 9-80, January 1980) 

o The Bradfield Comet approached within 25 million miles of the Earth on 

Jan. 22. Observation of the comet began Jan, 11 by the European Space 

Agency's tracking station near Madrid. The agency said that ultraviolet 

measurements of the comet have been made with the International Ultraviolet 

Explorer (WE) spacecraft, which will provide additional data on the composition of the comet's atmosphere. The comet is expected to be visible to 

the naked eye in the northern hemisphere by the end of this month. 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 18, Monday, January 28, 1980, 

P 127) 

19 
t -' 

o A first-of-its-kind joint endeavor arrangement between NASA and industry to 

advance the development of materials processing in space has been signed by 

the agency and McDonnell Douglas. 

pharmaceutical company will carry out RBD to develop a method (continuousflow electrophoresis) to process biological material in space to be used in 

medical applications. The substance cannot be produced in the quantity and 

purity needed on Earth. NASA said that no funds will be transferred under 

the joint endeavor and it is presumed that NASA will orovlde no-cost or 

reduced cost transportation into space for the experiment. (Defense/Space 

Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 18, Monday, January 28, 1980, p 128) 

Under the arrangement, McDonnel1 and a 

o Space shuttle increase of nearly $1 billion has pushed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Fiscal 1981 budget request to $5.736 

billion, a level $1.14 billion higher than Office of Management and Budget's projection last year on what the agency should receive in Fiscal 

1981. A $300-million Fiscal 1980 shuttle supplemental request alsc is included in the new budget. 

NASA's Fiscal 1981 budget being submitted to Congress this week is the 

second highest in dollar figures ever requested by the agency, exceeded 

only by the Fiscal 1966 $5.933-billion obtained at the height of the Apollo 

program buildup. Purchasing power of the Fiscal 1981 money is far less 

than in 1966, however. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 3, 

January 28, i980, p 21) 

o National Aeronautics and Space AdrninistrationlGeneral Electric Landsat 2 

spacecraft has been reti red from service because of continuing momentum 

wheel problems that struck the spacecraft in late 1979. 

Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 3, January 28, 1980, p 21) 

(Aviation Week & 

o Development of space launch vehicles and a mve toward mi 1 itary payloads 

for Japan's National Space Development Agency is a priority in Japan. The 

sate1 1 i tes planned for orbit woul d be for command, control , communi cat1 on 

and meterological applications. 

"The Japanese plan to take on many more military space programs on their 

own, even if the costs are significantly higher than particigttion with the 

U.S. space effort," one official here said. He added, "There is a big move 

in Japan into space, especially in developing its own boosters." 

20 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALrrV 

Japan already has the rights to manufacture a version of the McDonnell 

Douglas Delta vehicle and has been doing so for s~me time with the Rocketdyne MB3 booster propulsion engine. The complete second stage is built 

here, and the rocket motor and spin table for the third stage are bought 

from HcDonnell Douglas and assembled here by Mitsubishi as prime 

contractor. (Aviation Weekly & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 3, January 

28, 1980, p 50) 

January 29: To cover the increasing costs of Space Shuttle development and 

production , Presi dent Carter i s request i ng a $5.737 bi 1 1 i on authori zat 1 on 

for NASA in FY '81, an increase of $813 million or 16.5 percent over the 

budget approved for FY '80 by Congress. In addition, he is asking Congress 

to approve $300 million in supplemental funding for FY '80 to cover rising 

Shuttle costs, with approval of those funds urged by June 1. Even with the 

increased funding, the Shuttle schedule is slipping because of very difficult tile insulation problem. The FY '81 budget provides funds to initiate the GRO and NOSS, and agency runout estimates would give NASA $172 

million for tiew starts in FY '82 and $460 million in FY '83. 

Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 19, Tuesday, January 29, 1980, p 130) 

(Defense/ 

o President Carter, as he promised NASA last spring, has given full budget 

support to the Space Shuttle program in its moment of need, asking Congress 

for a $5.737 billion FY '81 authorization for NASA, an increase of 165 percent over the $4.924 billion FY '80 NASA budget approved by Congress. 

Unlike the President's FY '80 budget request for NASA which contained no 

new starts, the FY '81 budget includes funding for the following two new 

starts: 

1) Gamma Ray Observatory. Runout Cost: $210-$270 Million. NASA is requesting $19.1 million in FY '81 to initiate development of the GRO, an 

Earth-orbi ti ng spacecraft carrying i nst ruments to detect a variety of 

gamma rays, including very high energy gamma rays from pulsars, nuclear 

gam rays and gam ray bursts. 

2) National Oceanic Satellite System. Runout Cost: $6454790 Million. A 

joint program of NASAINOAA and the Defense Department, the two-sate11 i te 

NOSS will provide a "limited operational demonstration" of the 

feasibility of providing continucx observation of the Earth's ocean 

surface winds, sea state, surface water temperature, wave height , ice 

and other geophysical measurements. Monitoring is to be provided from 

polar orbit in near real time and under all weather conditions. 

21 
Asked by DefenseISpace Daily about the status of the Shuttle's thermal insulation tiles and the schedule for the First Manned Orbital Flight (FMOF), 

Frosch said there is a "reasonably good chance" that FMOF can be made by 

the end of 1980, but acknowledges that It is possible that it will slip into 1981. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 19, Tuesday, January 

29, 1980, p 137-140) 

o One factor which made NASA's proposed 1981 budge soar to over $5.7 billion 

is reflected in the concern space agency officials have over the "mechanical integrity of the (Space Shuttle'; heat protection) tiles." 

Origfnally the tile project was estimated to run about $50 million, but now 

several space agency officials say sone new estimates show the costs will 

run well over $75 million. (Today, January 29, 1980) 

o NASA will strike out if it risks asking Congress a fourth time for extra 

funds for the Space Shuttle, the chairman of the House Science and Techno\ ogy Commit tee warns. 

"I expect this to be the last one,'' Rep. Don Fuqua, D-Fla., said of NASA's 

new request for $300 million in supplemental Shuttle funds. "That is my 

serious hope and desire--I started to say they wouldn't get it from me, and 

I'm getting to the point where I'd be willing to say so. They've had three 

strikes." (Today, January 29, 1980) 

January 30: Chairman DOH Fuqua (D-Fla.) of the House Science & Technology 

Committee told NASA officials yesterday at the start of the committee's 

hearings on the FY '81 NASA budget request that he considers the $5.737 

bi 11 ion agency request "basi cal ly sound. 'I 

He endorsed the new starts on the Gamma Ray Observatory and National 

Oceanic Sawllite System projects and praised the Carter Administration for 

proceeding with new starts while funding the Shuttle through supplemental 

appropriations. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 20, Wednesday, January 30, 1980, p 142) 

o The Air Force has completed a major study of the potential military need 

for man in space and has concluded that the need will be greater than it 

thought a few years ago, NASA Administrator Robert Frosch told the House 

Science & Techno1 cgy Committee yesterday. 

22 
Reflecting on the importanse of the Space Shuttle for America's 3atlonal 

defense needs, Frosch said that the Air Force has concluded that it will 

need to increase its manned presence In space for both research and development needs and for operational uses where the work is adjusted as the 

situation requires. An increase in the number of military astronauts Is 

planned. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol . 108, No. 20, Wednesday, 

January 30, 1980, p 144) 

o BAMSI Incorporated of Titusville has been selected as the winner of a omyear contract to supply keypunch services at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space 

Center. 

The company will supply trained personnel to operate keypunch and keyverification services for the Space Center. 

The $286,959 fixed price contract is one set aside for small bJsiness 

firms. The contract extends from February 1, 1980, through January 31, 

1981. A1 1 work will be performed at KSC. (NASA News Release No. 10-80. 

January 30, 1980) 

January 31: A scheduled cluster firing of three Space Shuttle main engines 

was postponed Wednesday when technicans at NASA's National Space Teehnology 

Laboratories in Bay St. Louis, Miss., discovered a faulty valve in a portion of the test facility. 

The newest cluster firing is designed to demonstrate the reliability of the 

Shuttle's main engines as well as how they perform when connected to other 

major Shuttle flight components. 

The firing is scheduled for 520 seconds--thf same amount of time the 

engines must operate during an actual launch and flight of the reusable 

Shutt 1 e system. 

The December test marked the first time the Rocketdyne team was able to 

demonstrate that the engines, when fired in unison, could operate for that 

length of time. 

Some previous cluster firings, which also were run last year, ended in 

failure when the engines were not able to operate for the required time. 

(Today, January 31, 1980) 

23 
ORIGINAL PAGE KS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

o NASA has signed a contract valued at $183,960,000 with the European Space 

Agency for the manufacture and delivery in 1984 of the second Spacelab 

flight unit. The Spacelab is built by the ERN0 industrial facility in 

Bremen, Germany, as prime contractor, and 26 subcontractors. 

Spacelab was designed and is being built by ESA far an early operatlonal 

flight of the Space Shuttle. 

lion. (Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 21, Thursday, January 

31, 1980, p 154) 

The first 

It has an estimated cost exceeding $850 milo During the past week the Soviet Unios has launched three military Cosmos 

satellites froin the flight center at Plesetsk. Cosmos 1152 was launched on 

Jan. 24 into a high-resolution, long-duration reconnaissance/surveillance 

orbit of 181/370 kilometers, 67.1 degrees, 89.7 minutes. Cosmos 1153 was 

launched the following day, Jan. 25, into an orbit of 983/1031 kilometers, 

105 minutes, for a ncvigation mission. 

launched yesterday, Jan. 30, and put into an orbit of 634/671 kilometers, 

81.3 degrees, 97.3 minutes for a electronic monitoring mission. (Defense/ 

Space Business Daily, Vol. 108, No. 21, Thursday, January 31, 1980, p 154) 

The latest, Cosmos 1154, was 

o The first flight of the Space Shuttle will not be made before November 

1980, and probably will occur between November and the end of March 1981, 

NASA Administrator Dr. Robert A. Frosch to;d the House Science & Technology 

Committee Tuesday. 

The pacing item in the launch schedule, he said, is the installation of the 

insulation tiles on the Orbiter Columbia and the certification of their 

ability to safely withstand the forces to which they will be subjected in 

fliyht. He admitted that the previous engineering model for the tile 

system "was wrong," but that the agency now understands what is needed. 

However, he said he is less sure of what the agency will have to do in the 

way of testing to provide full assurance of safety. 

Among other things, the agency has now decided to remove all tiles that 

cannot be pull-tested and test them off the Shuttle. 

Frosch said he was not sat!sfied with the performance of the tile contractor (Lockheed) or NASA on the tiles. 

108, No. 21, Thursday, Jdnuary 31, 1980, p 156) 

(Defense/Space Business Daily, Vol, 

24 
CRlGlNAL PAGE 19 

OF POOR QUALITY 

February 1980 

February 1: The launch of the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) spacecraft on 

February 14, at 10:57 pm EST from Complex 17, will mark two "firsts" and 

two "lasts" in the unmanned launch program at KSC. 

SMM will be the last planned launch from Cape Canaveral of a strictly 

scientific satellite on a Delta or Atlas-Centaur vehicle. It will also be 

the last payload for either vehicle to be funded entirely by NASA. This 

will be the first launch of the 3914 Delta without a thi;.d stage. 

3914 is the uprated version with nine Castor IV solid rocket boosters on 

its first stage instead of the smaller Castor 11s.) And it is the first 

Delta launch of a satellite even approaching the 2,360-kilogram 

(5,200-pound) weight of the SMM. 

1, 1980, p 1) 

(The 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 9, No. 3, February 

o Yet another piect of the staggering array of hardware necessary for the 

Space Shuttle was tested last week. One of two recovery vessels to be used 

for solid rocket booster retrieval arrived at Port Canaveral and elements 

of its retrieval gear were tested last week. 

The dewatering nozzle plug assembly used in the recovery sequence was put 

through some of its paces at dockside, while other parts of the recovery 

system were readied for the first launch. The dewatering plug is a remote 

control led devlce which maneuvers to the bottom of the vertically floating 

solid rocket booster, plugs the nozzle opening, and pumps out water so that 

the rocket casing floats horizontally. This prepares the casing for towing 

back to the Cape for refurbishment and re-use. 

No. 3, February 1, 1980, p 2) 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 9, 

o The fol 1 owl ng employees received si 1 ver "Snoopy" awards from KSC Di rector 

Richard Smith and prime crew astronauts John Young and Bob Crippen (in 

alphabetical wder): Frank Belloboun, Richard Bowman, Hargis Branham, 

Shirley Brewer, Ollie Bridges, Alphonso Brown, Paul Burke, Sharon Cisewski , Bob Clay, Bill Clemens, John Cochran, Bill Collins, Ruth Cornett, Greg 

DeBlasio, Leonard Despang, Sherm Evans, Goan Fosdick, Roy Gainer, Connie 

Gamble, Howard Gardner, Bob Goetz and, Ray Guessetto. 

25 
o~lGlodaL PAGE 

OF POOR @- 

ALSO: George Hal 1, Jim Hammack, Gail Hannas, Del Hanson, John Horan, Jim 

Inman, Shralyn Lamb, Don Lamond, Louise Lee, Bill Lucas, Robert MacCurry, 

Howard McClellan, Mark McGee, Marcella Miller, Barry Miner, 3.0. Horrison, 

Larry Murrish, Kenneth Nuchols, Donald Olson, W. Dale Osbourne, Norman 

Perry and Sanford Proveaux. 

ALSO: Stan Russel 1, Gerald Ryba, David Shelton, Ralph Shivel, John Sichak, 

Eric Simon, Jerry Smith, Gail Snoody, Lee Stewart, Alfred0 Teran, Vince 

Vanderburg, James Vevera, John Wadde! 1 , Bobby West, C1 aus Wiedemann , Howard 

Wilkinson, Henry Williams, Larry Williams, Marvin IJilliams, Eugene 

Yakabowski and Richard Young. 

1980, p 3) 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 9, No. 3, February 1, 

February 2: NASA failed Friday to conduct a second successful firing of 

three rocket engines identical to those that will propel the Space Shuttle 

Columbia into orbit. 

The cluster firing, which was supposed to last 520 seconds, was halted 4.6 

seconds after igni ticn. 

Space agency officials said monitoring equipment shut down the test after 

excessively high temperatures were recorded in the number three engine's 

turbo pump-1 iquid oxygen system. 

In December, NASA and Rocketdyne Co. engineers and technicians conducted 

their first successful long duration cluster firing of three engines. 

Rocketdyne is NASA's prime contractor for the development and building of 

the main engines. 

Before the December test, several failures - some of them causing major 

setbacks in the Shuttle launch schedule - occurred during the cluster 

firing program. (Today, Saturday, February 2, 1980) 

February 4: Astronaut candidates for a future Chinese manned space flight 

program are undergoing zero-g, centrifuge and physiological stress tests at 

a Chinese space facility. 

The Chinese had said in early January such .raining was under way. 

26 
Specific facilities and tests being performed by the trainees Include: 

Virbrrtion tests - Chair that provides its occupant with violent vibrdtory loads is designed to accustom the candidate to launch stresses. 

Spinning -la - Gondola hung from the ceiling is swung back and forth 

and then spun violently, providitlg its occupant with a simulation of launch 

st resses . 

Centrifuge - It is being used to simulate launch and reentry g-force 

1 oads. 

Zeroq training - Parabolic flights in fighter aircraft are king used to 

provide about 30 sec. of zero-g at a time during which various tasks such 

as eating are being performed. 

Spacecraft tinulator - Simulated spacecraft cabin is under use, prfmarily 

for habitability exercises. 

Irpsct trainer - Chinese observers described the system as "a thrilling 

impact test." (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 5, February 

4, 1980, p 57) 

February 5: "Most of the news is on the problems, but we have been making a 

lot of solid accomplishments. We finished the major ground vibration test 

quite satisfactorily and have integrated the test data into the analyses, 

and we expect no major problems from that. 

"We completed the first phase of our main propulsion test firings, the 

second phase is now in process. We did have a good, full duration run of 

all three eagines in December 1979. We had a shutdown last Friday on our 

second attempt on a full duration. It turned out to be a minor red line 

situation that caused no damage and, in fact, it could have run all the 

way. 

taking any chances. 

It was just a question of us being a little conservative and not 

"All of the major hardware for the first flight has been delivered and is 

at Kennedy Space Center. We have completed Orbiter structural testing and 

we are now converting that test vehicle to the second orbital vehicle, 

number 099, whfch will be delivered in June 1982. 

27 
ORIGINAL MGE IS 

OF POOR QUALIW 

"We have passed the 60,000 seconds on our accumulated test time, and the 

enqines are denonstrating a substsntial reliability. 

"Ue have fired six o? the planned seven solid rocket Inotors, all successful. Ye have one more firing to do and that will be by mid-February this 

year. 

testing very mll, and we are very pleased that the processing system has 

had as few bugs in It as it has." 

The launch processing system and facilities have been supportlng the 

(On the tile situation) "First of all. let me expldln what a typical tlle 

Instdllrtion consists of. 

ideas would have 1 t. 

It is a little more complicated than popular 

"If you start with the aluminum structure, that has to be treated with 

Koropon primer to accept the bonding prccess. 

with a silicone primer and a silicone adhesive. Then we put on the strdin 

isolation ped, which is a felt material, the purpose of which i s t o isolate 

the tile from the structurdl deflections. This pad is bonded to the structure and is, in turn, bonded to the tile by inedns of a transfer cost and a 

tie coat. The tile itself then is d cerainic block coated with black glass 

in this case and, sometimes they use white glass on the lower temperature 

tiles. A11 our tiles currently being installed have a densified layer at 

the bond line. 

of the tile, so all of the tiles that we put on now have a densified 

layer." ("1981 NASA Authorization," Hearings Before the Sub-connittee on 

Space Science and Applications of tire Conmittee Gn Science and Technology, 

U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, Second Session on 

H.H. b413. behruary 5.b, 7, 11. 14, 15. !b, 18, 1980. (No. 111) Vol. I\ 

p 1232-1234, Statement of John F. Ydrdley, Associate Administrator, for 

Spact? Transportation Systems. National Aerondtitiis 1c Space Administration, 

February 5, 1980) 

That in turn is overcoated 

We found in our trstlny that that would double the strength 

28 
o The following is the estimated distribution by center of NASA's budget for 

FY '80 and FY '81, along with a comparison with FY '79. 

Instal lation 

Johnson Space Center 

Marshal 1 Space F1 i ght Center 

Goddard Space Fight Center 

Kennedy Space Center 

Jet Propul si on Laboratory 

Langley Research Center 

Lewis Research Center 

ks Research Center 

Headquarters 

Dryden F1 i ght Research Center 

Wall ops F\ I ght Center 

National Space Tech Labs 

Various Locations 

Total : 

(in millions 

of dollars: 

FY '79 

1,297 

917 

64 1 

36 2 

255 

286 

248 

236 

220 

35 

32 

25 

12 

47x6 

FY '80 

1,471 

1,031 

699 

457 

314 

304 

276 

252 

346 

42 

37 

23 

18 

5,2f0 

FY '81 

1,576 

1,234 

774 

488 

313 

302 

274 

223 

429 

41 

45 

22 

16 

5737 

(Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 24, Tuesday, February 5, 1980, p 184) 

o Despite the objections of the House HUD/JA Appropriations Subcomittee, 

NASA is st i 1 planning to conduct the Gal i leo Jupiter Orbi terjProbe as a 

dual missim in 1984 using two Space Shuttles and Inertial Upper Stages. 

The subcommittee had "directed" NASA to develop a modified Centaur upper 

stage for the Galileo mission if it wanted to conduct that mission, saying 

that Centaur would be a better Shuttle upper stage than the IUS in the long 

run. 

NASA Administrator Robert Frosch said last week that NASA is examining the 

Centaur for future use, but not for the Galileo mission. 

Daily, Vol. 108, No. 24, Tuesday, February 5, 1980, p 182) 

(Defense/Space 

February 6: President Carter, in his printed State of the Union message, 

included science and technology in his presentation of "the most important 

challenges facing our country as we enter the 1980s." Following is an 

excerpt: 

Since the beginning of administration. I have been comitted to 

st rengt heni ng our nat i on ' s research and devel opment capabi 1 i ty and to 

advancing those areas of science and technology which are vital to our economic and social well-being. That comnitment has been reflected in: a 30 

29 
ORIGINAL PAGE 

OF POOR QUALITY 

percent increase in basic research funding, resulting in the highest 

research and development funding in our Nation's history: a new Autmtlve 

Research initiative in which the InduStFy, in partnership with the Federal 

Government, will undertake basic research essential to help Improve future 

autombi les; an acceleration of scientific and technological exchanges with 

the People's Republic of China; a major review of space activities and 

needs, resulting in a 60 percent increase in space funding and in the 

development of a space policy that will set the direction of our space 

efforts over the next decade; and a major new program to encourage indust ri a1 i nnovat i on. 

"Each of the undertakings will be pursued, in cooperation with the Congress, in this year. 

"The diversity of our activities in space shows that space technology has 

become an integral part of our lives - in comnications, in remote sensing 

for defense and civilian purposes, and in studies of the Earth and the universe. 

policy, my Administration has undertaken a concerted effort to support and 

further our space activities. 

Guided by a sound, aggressive, and fiscally responsible space 

"During qy Administration, the expenditures for Federal space programs have 

increased by 75 percent. Much of this increase is to meet the increasingly 

operational nature of our space activities. Nearly half of our expenditures are now for defense purposes; photo-reconnaissance satellites, for 

example, are enormously important in stabliting world affairs and thereby 

make a significant contribution to the security of all .:ationso And my new 

initiative to establish an oceanic satellite system will provide invaludble 

ocean data for both the civil and defense sectors, thereby avoiding 

unnecessary dupl i cation. 

" I have a1 so emphasi zed space science and expl oration, continuing to fund 

such spectacular programs as the Voyager missions that provided us with the 

remarkable close-up views of Jupiter and its moons. I am proposing two new 

measures - the space telescope and the new Gamma Ray Observatory to provide 

d unique capability to observe distant galaxies and to obtain information 

about our Eaiverse from outside the Earth's obscuring atmosphere. 

"In 1980, I will cont'nae qy strong support for the space program. That 

will be reflected in 

Shuttle.'! (Marshall Star, Vol. LO, No. 21, February 6, 1980, p 1 & 4) 

budget and in iny continued commitment to the Space 

30 
Fehnrrry 7: NASA Administrator Dr. Robert Frosch told the Senate Conmerce 

Committee yesterday that he personal ly believes that NASA wi 11 eventual ly 

need "at least five" Space Shuttle Orbiters to meet the requirements of the 

U.S. and foreign customers. 

He said the manifest for Shuttle flights is now as full as the agency had 

predicted and "is likely to go up. 

satisfying users." He told the comnittee that he believes it would be 

"very tight and risky" to do a full manifest with only 4 Orbiters. 

(Defense/Space Dai ly, Vol . 108, No. 26 Thursday, February 7, 1980, p 

The problem is not finding users but 

194- 195) 

o Legislation directing the President to develop a five-year plan for the 

U.S. space program -- including specific mission objectives and budgets -- 

and to propose goals for the space program over a 20-year period has been 

introduced in the House by Rep. George E. Brown 3r. (D-Calif.), a senior 

member of the Science & Technology Committee. 

Bills with a similar intent were introduced last year in the Senate by 

Sen. Adlai E. Stevenson (0-111.) and Jack Schmitt (R-N.M.), though all 

differ in speci f i cs. 

Among the goals proposed in Brown's National Space Policy Act of 1980 are: 

*International cooperation in the implementation of an operational remote 

sensing satel 1 ite system, including the fullest possible declassification 

of satellite data. 

*A cotnmitment by the U.S. to help the less developed countries meet their 

communications needs. 

*Development of improved capability for the interpretation and rapid utilizati on of satel 1 i te remote sensing data. 

*The provi sion of pub1 ic servi ce comuni cations needs by satel 1 i te. 

*Encouragement of private sector involvement in space capabi 1 i ties and syst ems . 

31 
*Improved basic research into the origins of the solar system and the universe. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 26, Thursday, February 7, 1980, 

P 196) 

o Total development cost in converting the McDonnell Douglas Delta 3910 to 

the 3920 configuration, which will have 10 percent mre payload lift capability, is es"nated at $7 to $9 million, with an additional recarring cost 

of $2.5-$3 million per flight. 

capable of carrying 3000 pounds more fuel, originally developed by Japan 

for its Delta "N" rocket derivative, and a new injector developed by the 

Air Force. 

development of the uprated Delta and NASA expects one other customer to 

help pay for the development costs. The agency's first use of the Delta 

3920 will be to launch the Landsat-D in the first quarter of 1982. 

(Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 26, Thursday, February 7, 1980, p 198) 

The modifications include a larger tank 

Telesat Canada has agreed to provide up to $3 million towards 

February 8: Defense Secretary Harold Brown told the Senate Comnerce Committee yesterday that the Space Shuttle is "extremely important" to the 

Defense Department and that DOD is "fully connitted" to using it. 

Brown's appearance before the committee -- the first by a defense secretary on behalf of the Shuttle -- underscored his words. 

The defense chief said DOD plans to begin the transition of its operational 

spacecraft to Shuttle launch in FY '83 and to complete the transition by FY 

'86. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 27, Friday, February 8, 1980, p 

201) 

o The seventh and final test of the Space Shuttle's Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) 

is scheduled for Feb. 14 at Wasatch, Utah. 

test, NASA has already assembled the two Solid Rocket Boosters for the 

first Shuttle flight in the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space 

Center. 

Marshal 1. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 27, Friday, February 8, 

1980, p 208) 

In anticipation of a successful 

The SRM is built by Thiokol; the remainder of the SRB by NA5A32 
ORIGINAL' PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

February 11: Spacelab project engineers are resuming much broader hardware 

test: at ERNO's Bremen, West Germany, facility where spacecraft software, 

manageraent structure and personnel changes have been made to correct problems that U.S. and European project officials said slowed development to a 

virtual standstill in late 1979. 

In another key area, the European Space Agency i s i n the final stages of 

deciding on a Spacelab uti 1 ization plan that has been reinvigorated following the realization in Europe that ESA must plan now for Spacelab use or 

face a lack of room on shuttle flights resulting from other payload sponsors already reserving space into 1984. 

NASA believes the Europeans did not perceive the true scope and progress of 

the space shuttle program until potential major European Spacelab users and 

some European political officials recently toured U.S. facilities at the 

Kennedy Space Center, Fla., and Johnson Space Center, Houston. 

Spacelab development costs have climbed to at least 140% of the original 

estimate to a current projection of about $800 million and a further 

increase is likely. 

NASA currently is scheduled to receive the Spacelab engineering hardware at 

the KenneQy Space Center in December, 1980, but it hopes that can be 

advanced to about October 1980. (Aviation Week L Space Technology, Vol. 

112, No. 6, February 11, 1980, p 101) 

o European Space Agency and Nat i onal Aeronaut i cs and Space Admi ni strati on 

last week signed a $183.9-million contract for manufacture and delivery in 

1984 of a second Spacelab, now being designed and built in Europe by ERNO, 

a subsidiary of VFW-Fokker. 

No. 6, February 11, 1980, p 101) 

(Aviation Meek L Space Technology, Vol. 112, 

o Soviet Union launched ocean survey, navigation and military ferret and 

reconnaissance spacecraft into orbit in late January. The missions are: 

Cows 1150 and 1153 - Both navigation spacecraft were launched into the 

same baslc 1,028 x 989-km. (638 x 614-mi.) orbit inclined 83 deg. Cosmos 

1150 was launched from Plesetsk Jan. 14, followed by the second navigation 

spacecraft on Jan. 25. 

33 
Cosms 1151 - The oceanic spacecraft was launched from Plesetsk Jan. 23 

into a 678 x 650-km. (421 x 403-mi.) orbit inclined 82.5 deg. 

is the second of this type launched by the Soviets. The first was Cosmos 

1076, launched in early 1979. 

The mission 

Cosmos 1152 - This long-duration film reconnaissance spacecraft was 

launched Jan. 24 into a 370 x 181-km. (230 x 112-mi.) orbit inclined 67.1 

deg. The solar-array-powered Soyuz-type spacecraft is designed to remain 

operational for 30 days as opposed to the older battery-powered Vostok-type 

reconnal ssance spacecraft with only a two-week operational 1 i fetime. The 

new design incorporates film pod reentry vehicles to return reconnaissance 

products to earth for timely analysis. 

Cosros 1154 - The spacecraft has characteristics of a large lerret 

vehicle. 

orbit inclined 81.3 deg. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 

6, February 11, 1980, p 102) 

It was launched Jan. 30 into a 671 x 634-km. (417 x 394-mi.) 

o The head of a panel of experts which has been studying the safety of the 

Space Shuttle said last week that the panel "feels quite good about NASA's 

ability to insura the safety of the Shuttle, particularly in its first 

f 1 i ght . 'I 

Herbert E. GrlJr, chairman of the NASA Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel, 

told the Senate Comerce Committee that, "overall we feel confidence that 

the matter [of safety] is being addressed and addressed adequately" by 

NASA. "We don't see any insurmountable problems that will prevent the 

first flight." 

At the same time, he said the parte1 is less certain about the reusability 

of the Shuttle and will not be able to further that assessment until after 

the first flight. 

flight in making further assessments of both the capabilities and the 

safety of the sys,?ln. 

of the thermal protection system is "unknown." (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 

108, No. 28, Monday, February 11, 1980, p 209) 

He emphasized the importance of conducting the first 

For example, he said that the reusability capability 

o Chairman Howard Cannon (D-Nev.) of the Senate Comnerce Comnittee has asked 

NASA to provide him with the agency's nearly complete report on the cost 

and performance of future alternative upper stages for the Space Transportati on System. 

34 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALIW 

Cannon has also asked the agency for a report on the award fees it has 

granted to its Space Shuttle contractors and the rationale for the awards. 

Terming the $100 million reserve in the FY '80 NASA supplemental request 

"pretty big," Cannon also asked for a report on the impact of a 1, 3 and 6 

month delay in the supplemental beyond June 1. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 

108, No. 28, Monday, February 11, 1980, p 212) 

o In an extraordinary report, the General Accounting Office has warned Congress that the United States must increase its funding for materials procesing in space (MPS) or lose its leadership in this potentially enormously 

beneficial field to such countries as West Germany, Japan, France and the 

Sovi et Union. 

While making no specific recommendations, GAO suggested that the U.S. could 

effectively spend two or three times more than the $20 million it is currently spending on MPS. (Defense/Space Gaily, Voi. 108, No. 28, Monday, 

February 11, 1980, p 213) 

February 12: Guided bus tours of NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center, prime 

launch site for the Space Shuttle, experienced the largest January attendance si nce thei r i ncept f on i n 1966. 

A total of 88,798 visitors toured the space center in January, an increase 

of 1:137 over the same month in 1979. New attractions at KSC include 

the major Space Shtittle exhibit in the main building at the Visitors 

Center. (NASA News Release No. 46-80, February 12, 1980) 

o Air Force Secretary Hans Mark yesterday gave the most complete military 

endorsement of the Space Shuttle program to date, saying that the Shuttle 

"will, once again, give the United States a dominant position in space 

operations," providing a capability that the Soviet's "won't match for a 

decade." (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 29, Tuesday, February 12, 

1980, p 217) 

35 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

o NASA said yesterday that it now estimates the cost to completion of the 

Tracking a Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) will be $1.4 billion, up 

from previous estimates largely because of a significant increase in interest costs on the Federal Finance Bank loan on the system, which will be 

leased for a ten-year period. 

Tuesday, February 12, 1980, p 219) 

(Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 29, 

o The latest version of NASA’s Space Transportation System (STS) Flight 

Traffic Baseline, used for planning purposes only, allocates 487 Space 

Shuttle flights over the FY ‘82-93 time period as shown below. 

The model includes 7 flights in FY ‘82, 14 in ‘83, 22 in ‘84, 30 in ‘85, 39 

in ‘86, 46 in ‘87, 54 in ‘88 and 55 in each of the remaining five :‘ears. 

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER (361) 

FY ‘82 

FY‘83 

FY ‘84 

FY‘85 

FY ‘86 

FY ‘87 

FY ‘88 

FY ‘89 

FY ‘90 

FY ‘91 

FY ‘92 

Fy I 93 

FYI84 

FY ‘85 

FY‘86 

FY ‘87 

FY‘88 

FY ‘89 

FYI90 

FYI91 

FY‘92 

Fy’93 

Spacelab 

(95) 1 

3 

5 

5 

7 

8 

10 

10 

11 

11 

12 

12 

Space1 ab 

(21) - 

1 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

Upper Stages 

(195) 

6 

9 

11 

14 

16 

17 

22 

21 

20 

20 

19 

20 

Free Flyers 

(24) - 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

? 

9 

P1 at/St ruct 

(27) - 

VANDENBERG AFB (126) 

Ref 11 ghts 

(20) 

- 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

Upper Stages 

( 0) 

Free Flyers 

4 

7 

10 

10 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

(97) 

Plat/Struct Ref1 ights 

( 0) ( 8) 

Tot a 1 

7 

14 

18 

22 

27 

33 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 

(361) 

Tot a 1 

4 

8 

12 

13 

14 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

(126) 

(Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 29, Tuesday, February 12, 1980, p 222) 

36 
ORIGINAL PAC: rs 

OF 

o The FYI81 NASA budget authorizes the agency to employ 22,713 civil service 

personnel, an increase of 100 over FY '80, marking the first time since 

FY '66 that the agency's employment has been allowed to increase. 

(Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 29, Tuesday, February 12, 1980, p 222) 

February 13: NASA and the Chinese Academy of Sciences signed a Memorandum of 

Understanding in Bei jing Jan. 24 covering China's participation in the 

experimental Landsat program. China will establish a ground statfon in the 

Beijing area to read out Earth resources data from Landsat D. 

Star, Vol. 20, No. 27, February 13, 1980, p 4) 

(Marshall 

o An environmental assessment of the immunological /hemal ogical effects of 

mf trowave power transmissions from a Sate1 1 i te (Solar) Power System wi 11 be 

conducted by the University of Washington 's Bi crel ectromagnet i cs Research 

Laboratory under funding from the EPA. (Defense/Space Pai ly, Vol. 108, 

No. 30, Wednesday, February 13, 1980, p 230) 

o The target date for the First Manned Orbital Flight of the Space Shuttle 

has been set for Nov. 30, with the agency saying there is a 90 percent 

chance for FMdF before March 1981. The schedule is based on having the 

thermal protection system tiles installed on the Orbiter Columbia by July 

31. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 30, Wednesday, Februaryl3, 1980, p 

230) 

o The Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) spacecraft, the first spacecraft designed 

specifically to study solar flares, and timed for launch at the peak of the 

ll-year sunspot cycle, is set for launch at 11 AM EST tomorrow from the 

Cape. Launch window is only 8 minutes. A two-stage McDonnell Douglas 

Delta 3910 launch vedcle wi 11 place the $79 mi 11 ion, 5100-pound sate1 1 i te 

into a 310-mile orbit. The SMM is the first Multimission Modular Spiicccraft (MMS) tu be used by NASA. It employs an Instrument Module housing 

the seven scientific instruments and a bus spacecraft comprised of three 

equal ly-sized modules housing the attitude control system (General 

Electric) , power module subsystem (McDonnel 1 Doug1 as) and command and data 

handling subsystem (Fairchild Industries). The MSS is also to be used for 

Landsat-D and is being considered for the GRO, elthough OBM opposition may 

hinder future use. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 30, Wednesday, 

February 13, 1980, p 232) 

37 
o Dr. F. A. Speer, manager of the HEAO program at NASA's Marshall Space 

Flight Center since 1971, has been named manager of the Space Telesccpe 

project for MSFC. He replaces W. C. Keathley, who Is trensferrlng to 

Goddard Space F1 ight Center as director of the Program Management 

Directorate, (Befense/Space Dally, Vol . 108, No. 30, Wednesday, February 

13, 1980, p '32) 

o The Soviet Union yesterday launched eight Cosmos (1156-1163) with a single 

carrier rocket from Plesetsk as part of their mliltary comnunications 

satellite prograin. The satellites were put Into an Initial orbit of 1450/ 

1528 ki lometers, 74.0 degrees, 115.4 minutes. 

108, No. 30, Wednesday, February 13, 1980, p 232) 

(Defense/Space Dai ly, Vol . 

February 14: The $89 million requested by NASA in FY '81 for Space Transportation System (STS) Operations Capability Development, up from $54.1 

million this year, includes $39 million for development of NASA-unique 

requirements for the Inertial Upper Stage and for support for development 

of the SSUS-A/D by McDonnell Douglas; $10 million for definition of design 

spec4 fications for the Liquid Boost Module thrust augmentation system; $13 

m!llion for continued deve:opment and testing of Multi-Mission and Payload 

Support Equipment (MMPSE); $15.8 mil lion to continue the reconfiguration of 

the Misslon Control Center at Johnson Space Center, and $11.2 million for 

payload and operations support to provide for integration, checkout and 

testing of payloads for the Shuttle missions in 1980-81, and development of 

equipment for command and control of payloads operating with the Shuttle 

and Spacelab during STS operations. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 

31, lhursday, February 14, 1980, p 237) 

o NASA has now received earnest money for a total of 321 Small Self-contained 

Payloads for the Space Shuttle ("Getaway Specials") , payloads weighing less 

than 200 pounds, receiving no services in space and which will fly on a 

space-available basis. Charge for these missions is $3000 to $10,000 (1975 

dollars). Four months ago NASA had advanced payments for 306 Small 

Self-contained Payloads; 20 months ago, advanced payments for 233 payloads. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 31, Thursday, Februarj 14, 

1980, p 237) 

38 
February 15: Only 1/172,00Oth of a secoild off schedule, a Delta rocket 

lifted a solar research satellite through the rain Thursday morning into 

successful orbit 357 miles above the Earth. 

Fire solid rockets and a liquid-fuel engine lifted the craft froin launch 

Complex 17 at 10:57 a.m. 

"I can't say much but good about it," said Charles D. Gay, NASA's Director 

of Deployable Pay1 oads Operat i ons, after the sate1 1 i te was in orb1 t . "The 

weather almost held in there, but it didn't caw us any problems." 

The 2 1/2-ton Sblar ,!nximum Mission satellite, the heaviest payload ever 

boosted into space by a Delta rocket, will monitor eruptions on the sun 

during 1980, a peak year in solar disturbances. 

Seven experiments aboard the spacecraft wili beam results back to Goddard 

Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. 

The total mission cost $99 million, including $20 million for the singleshot rocket. NASA officials said that this would be the last NASAsponsered mission using a single-shot rocket. 

carried aboard the Space Shuttle. 

Future NASA missions will be 

Had the Solar Maximum Mission been carried aboard the Space Shuttle, it 

would have saved an estimated $5 to Si0 million. The Space Shuttle is also 

scheduled to pick up the satellite in four years, saving $20 to $50 

mi 1 lion. (TbJay, Friday, February 15, 1980) 

o A planned 560 second test of the Space Shuttle main engines at Bay St. 

Louis, Mississippi was cut short after only 4.6 seconds on February 1. 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 4, February 15, 1980, p 3) 

o KPp s proposed budget totals $537.6 million for Ffscal Year 1981, wh:ch is 

about a 13 percent increase over the present year. Dallas Gillespie, chief 

of KSC's Resources Management Office, calls the budget "tight but manageable. We are in a situation of expanded checkout activities at KSC with 

the Space Shuttle, its payloads md related hardware. Everything contained 

in the FY '81 budget will have to be carefully orchestrated to support our 

checkout schedule. " 

39 




0#IG[ NAL P.", X 1s 

OF PCTR QU~LITY 

Much has changed in those 18 years . the space race which enthralled the 

nation and put Brevard on the map is over. 

making it a routine space traveler are the next challenges. 

Launching the Space Shuttle and 

Huch has changed for Glenn whose life now is dominated by politics. 

next challenge is winning re-election to a second term as a Democratic 

Senator from Ohio. 

His 

Although he admitted he wouldn't mind having a fling in a Shuttle, he said 

he has no regrets about quitting the space program in 1964 for another kind 

of life in the public eye. 

But Uednesday he let just a hint of nostalgia show through. 

The first American to orbit the earth and an unabashed American idol, Glenn 

came back to the pad from which his Mercury space capsule was launched and 

shook hands again with the rnen and women who helped him get into space. 

Several hundred of them showed up, eager to reunite with the man who erased 

the national pessimism of the early 1960s and brought the U.S. closer to 

the New Frontier envisioned by his close friend, President John F. Kennedy. 

The occasion was the dedication of a marble monument at Cape Canavarrl Air 

Force Station's Launch Complex 14 in honor of Glenn and the other astronauts of the Mercury program whose flights began at that pad: Walter 

Schi rra, Scott Carpenter and Gordon Cooper. 

The monument, etched with pictures of a rocket and service tower, was 

installed about 15 feet up the ramp that led Glenn to Friendship 7 and 

glory on Feb. 20, 1962. 

His daring orbital flight put the U.S. back in the space race with the 

Soviet Union - a race that led American astronauts to the surface of the 

moon. 

Today Launch Complex 14 is desolate, surrounded by palmetts. The gantry 

and tower were torn down last year, their steel sold for scrap. (TODAY, 

Thursday, February 21, 1980) 

44 
o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a contract for installation 

of an environmental control system unit to Ellis and Watts, Cincinnati, 

Ohi 0. 

The $95,830 fixed price contract is for an environmental control unit which 

will be installed in the Payload Environmental Trailer which will be used 

to transport payloads to be flown aboard Spacelab between the Kennedy Space 

Center and other NASA centers. 

1980) 

(NASA News Release No. 51-80, February 21, 

o The third and final static test firing of a flight-type Solid Rocket Motor 

for the Space Shuttle's Sol id Rocket Booster was successful Ij conducted 

Feb. 13 near Wasatch, Utah, by Thiokol, and NASA is expected to declare the 

motor ready for flight as soon as the test data is analyzed. The three 

successful tests of the flight-type motor were preceded by four successful 

tests of prototype motors. 

The two Solid Rocket Boosters for the first Space Shuttle flight have 

already been assembled on the launcher at Kennedy Space Center. 

motors are 115 feet long, 12 feet in diameter and produce about three 

million pounds of thrust. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 35, Thursday, 

February 21, 1980, p 269) 

The solid 

o NASA Associate Administrator Dr. Thomas A. Mutch has informed Congress that 

while "technical challenges remain" on the Space Telescope Project, the ST 

"can be completed within its originally estimated costs." (Defense/Space 

Daily, Vol. 108, No. 35, Thursday, February 21, 1980, p 269) 

o NASA, which has had funds cut in previous years from its Search for ExtraTerrestrial intelligence (SETI) program, is contfnuini a low level effort 

to explore the possi bi 1 i ty of detecting signal s generated by extraterrestrial intelligence, including signals in the microwave region. 

Signal detection instrumentation concepts and usage strategy are belng 

developed and will be revfewed by advisory groups of the agency and the 

Nat i ona 1 Academy of Sci ences duri ng the comi ng year . (Defense/Space 

Daily, Vol. 108, No. 35, Thursday, Februarj 21, 1980, p 269) 

45 
February 22: A NASA Administrator acknowledged for the first time Thursday 

that engineers were so involved with guarding the Space Shuttle's tiles 

against the heat of re-entry that they vfrtually !gnored whether the tiles 

would remain stuck to the spaceship. 

"The attention on the thermal protection system, I am sorry to state, I 

think was more focused on its ability to do its thermal job," said John F. 

Yardley, NASA's Associate Administrator for Space Flight. 

"In the crush to get that done, nobody really bothered to ask the structural guys if this stuff is going to really stick on," he raid. 

The Shuttle's heat-protective tiles are still heading the list of problems 

plaguing the program, Yardiey indicated at a briefing. 

the Shuttle and protect it from the re-entry heat. 

cementing them to the Shuttle so they will not fall off during its liftoff 

and flight. 

These tiles cover 

The problem has been 

Yardley said that NASA has begun to study alternatives to the present 

heat-protection system using technology that was not available 10 years 

ago. (TODAY, Friday, February 22, 1980) 

o The Soviet Union has launched a hi gh-resol ution reconnaissance/survei 1 lance 

satel 1 i te dnd a Raduga communi cati cns satel 1 i te. 

The mi 1 i tary phot ographi c pay1 oad , Cosmos 1165, was 1 aunched from P1 esetsk 

yesterday, Feb. 21, and put into an orbit of 182/377 kilometers, 72.9 

degrees, 89.8 minutes. 

The Raduga satellite, internationally identified as Statsionar 2, was 

launched from Baikonur Cosmdroine and put into a geosynchronous orbit of 

3b,610 kilometers and an angle of inclination of 0.4 degrees, with a period 

of 24 hours 3b minutes. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 36, February 

22, 1980, p 277) 

February 25: Significant change in phi 1 osophy by Rockwell International , elevating the space shuttle's thermal protection tiles to the ;eve1 of 

individual structural system as opposed to a protective sheaih just along 

for the ride, has dictated inajor management realignments and forced 

intensified long-term tile work requirements here on the orbiter Columbia. 

46 
Rockwell management changes to help meet the thermal tile requirements on 

the orbiter are keyed toward improving top management 's engineering 

oversight and different i ati ng between shuttle development and product ion. 

"Our changes have been principally changes in structure to permit addltion 

of added talent to the program," according to George W. Jeffs, president of 

both Rockwell International Aerospace Operations and the Rockwell Space 

Systems Group. 

Fshruary 25, 1980, p 221 

(Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 8, 

o About 16,000 of the space shuttle's 31,000 thermal protection tiles will 

undergo densification prior to first launch. 

Large areas of the orbiter processing faci 1 ity's second bay, currently 

unoccupied by any spacecraft, have been turned into a tile densification 

processing f.icility preparing tiles for the Columbia in the adjacent bay. 

(Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 8, February 25, 1980, p 

22 1 

o A space shuttle thermal protection system tile test article was flown 

through a simulated shuttle ascent profile for the first time last week on 

a NASA/McDonnell Douglas F-15 fighter at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center. An earlier tile installation was flown on the F-15 in an initial series of tests. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 8, February 

25, 1980, p 23) 

o A commercial company--"Arianespace"--is being formed in France to take over 

production of the primarily French-built Ariane launch vehicle from the 

European Space Agency. ESA Director General Roy Gibson said the action is 

in line with the agency's policy of "not being repetitive." He said that a 

convention is being negotiated which will define the interface between ESA 

and Arianespace, which wi 11 have shareholders, including CNES (the French 

Space Agency) and aerospace companies. The fol low-on development of Ariane 

will continue to be the rsponsibility of ESA. 

lutely no connection between the private production of Ariane and possible 

private responsibility for the Space Shuttle, which he noted is a much more 

complex undertaking. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 37, Monday, 

February 25, 1980, p 285) 

Gibson said he saw abso47 
o Japan Friday successfully launched its Ayame-2 millimeter wave comnunications sate1 lite into synchronous transfer orbit. The 286-pound satellite 

was launched by a Japanese N-1 rocket t'ron; Tenegashima. The satellite is 

to be placed in geosynchronous orbit over New Guinea March 10. 

replacement for Ayame-1 which failed to go into orbit after launch Feb. 5. 

(Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 37, Monday, February 25, 1980, p 285) 

It is a 

o A flight configuration Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) has successfully 

completed its second series of test preliminary to flight certificatlon-an 

event termed "a major milestone" by NASA. During the two test series of 

the Misslssippi Test Center, the engines accumulated a total of more than 

10,000 seconds of firing, equal to 19 Shuttle flights. The first test series ran from March 27 to June 27 last year. 

22 and was completed earlier this month. (Defense/Space Daily, Voi. 108, 

No. 37, Monday, February 25, 1980, p 285) 

The second series began Sept. 

o The Senate has passed a joint resolution which prohibits astronauts from 

being "unjustly enriched through the sale of items" carried into space. 

The resolution declares that all coins and other items carried into space 

by the Apollo astronauts now in the Sands of the Government be retained, 

and that the Attorney General defend the U.S. against any claims by the 

astronauts to recover those items. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 37, 

Monday, February 25, 1980, p 287) 

o Sen. Strom Thurnand (R-S.C.) has informed Secretary of State Vance that he 

believes that the so-called floon Treaty expected to be approved at the 

hi ted Nations "needs considerable rework" by U. S. U. N. personnel before 

the Senate "could consider ratification.. .'I Thurmond opposed the "commonheritage precept" in the treaty which some charge could prohibit the U.S. 

from early commercial exploitation of the Moon. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 

108, No. 37, Monday, February 25, 1980, p 287) 

February 26: William C. Schneider, MSA's Associate Administrator for Space 

Tracking and Data Systems since 1978, is leaving the agency to become vice 

president of Computer Science Corp. 's Systems Group. 

Administrator-OSTDS Norinan Pozinsky has been named Acting Associate Adrnini strator. (Defense/Space Dai ly , Vol . 108, No. 38, Tuesday, February 26, 

1980, p 294) 

Deputy Associate 

48 
ORIGINAL PA:? E3 

OF POOR QlJAiiTY 

February 27: NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a contract to 

Energetics Science, a Division of Becton Dlckinson & Co., of Elmsford, New 

York, for a supply of hypergolic vapor detection monitors. The contract Is 

valued at $27,660. (NASA News Release No. 53-80, February 27, 1980) 

February 28: Security guards at Kennedy Space Center voted overwhelmingly 

Wedr;osday to hang up their shields and blue uniforms and man the picket 

1 i nes. 

The approximately 150 security guards and patrol officers, employed by Wackenhut Services, Inc., rejected a contract earlier this week that did not 

include a cost of living adjustment. 

The say they plan to go on strike by Monday. 

And there is speculation that KSC firefiihters, also employed by Wackenhut, 

may strike sometime in early March if they do nct receive a cost of living 

adjustment in their contract. (TODAY, Thursday, February 28, 1980) 

o NASA, which had 109,109 contractor employees at the end of FY '79, expects 

to add 10,600 corrtrdctor employees in FY '80 for a total of 119,700. That 

is projected to incre;?se to 120,800 by March 1980. However, by the end of 

FY '81 the total is expected to drop by 4700 to 116,100. The FY '81 peak 

represents the highest level of NASA contractor personnel in ten years. 

The agency's contractor employment peaked at 376,000 in June 1965 and 

dropped below 2OO,OOO four years later. 

employees came in June 1974. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 40, 

Thursday, February 28, 1980, p 305) 

The nadir of 100,200 contractor 

o The Japanese Monday lost the! r Ayame-2 experimental communi cat1 ons sate1 - 

lite after firing small rockets that were to boost the satellite from iis 

transfer orbit to geosynchronous orbit. 

this year with Ayame-1. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 108, No. 40, Thursday, 

February 28, 1980, p 306) 

A similar failure occurred earlier 

49 
ORIGINAL PAGE FS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

February 29: Security guards at Kennedy Space Center and their union local 

got the word Thursday from the union leadership in Detroit - they have no 

authorization to strike Wackenhut Services, Inc. Monday. 

The decision by the United Plant Guard Workers of America to turn down a 

strike by the KSC guards came as a surprise to local president A1 Scholar, 

who called the move unusual. 

But henry Applen, international union vice president, said there was a 

foulup on the Brevard end. 

"The local union did not bother to contact us on a date to strike. We gave 

them the authorization to take a strike vote only but not to set a date to 

strike," said Applen, explaining union leaderzhip wants to continue 

negotiations before giving the green light to strike. (TODAY, Friday, 

February 29, 1980) 

o Space shuttle engineers Thursday conducted a successful cluster firing of 

three engines identical to those that will lift the rocket plane Columbia 

into orbit, NSAA officials reported. 

.,.he firing took place at the National Space Technological Laboratories, Bay 

St. Louis, Miss., and lasted more than nine minutes, officials said. 

Elated NASA and Rocketdyne officials sald the test was perfect. They 

particularly were pleased because this was only the second successful 

long-duration cluster firing in about a year of attempts and delays. 

(Sentinel Star, Friday, February 29, 1980) 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a contract to Dage-MTI, 

Inc., of Michigan City, Indiana, for modification of Dage operational 

television cameras to be used in the Space Shuttle's orbiter's cockpit. 

The $30,783 fixed price contract is to be completed within eight weeks. 

(NASA News Release No. 54-80, February 29, 1980) 

50 
ORlGlNAL PAGE fS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

o A space Shuttle on-orbit thermal tile repair kit is under development for 

NASA. 

The kit is designed for use by Shuttle crews to repair possible damage to 

any of the thousands of ceramic-based tiles being applied here at Kennedy 

Space Center to protect the orbiter froin intense heat during reemtry into 

the Earth's atmosphere. 

but will be held in reserve for possible use on later flights where the 

1 aunch envi ronment wi 1 1 approach desi gn condl ti ons. 

The kit will not be flown on the first test flight 

A space-suited astronaut would don a backpack maneuvering unit in the 

Shuttle cargo bay, inspect the outside of the orbiter and, if necessary, 

use the kft to apply ablative repair materials. 

A letter contract signed by NASA and Martin Marietta Aerospace, Denver 

Division, calls for Martin to design and fabricate three repair kits for 

delivery to NASA by September. 

third is for astronaut training. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 5, February 

29, 1980, p 5) 

Two of the units are for flight use and the 

o Planning Research Corporation recently announced the promotion of Dan F. 

Thompson to the position of Branch Manager of Design Services for the company's KSC operations. 

Thompson joined Pnr in 1976. 

Force Eastern Tesb Range as Research and Development Officer, Range Safety 

Officer, Chief of Range Schedulirj, and Director of Range Operations. 

retired from the Air Force as a colonel after 24 years of service. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 5, February 29, 1980, p 5) 

From 1955 to 1964, Thompson served at the Air 

He 

o KSC's newest addition to its burgeoning transportation fleet is a helicopter. KSC had petitioned for a chopper for over two years. Finally, 

NASA reassigned one from the Ames Research Center in California. 

The Biomedical Office will be the primary liser of the chopper for emergency 

medical evacuation. For example, during hazardous operations, such as the 

flight readiness firii,g when the Shuttle's nuin engines will be fired for 

20 seconds on the pad, the copter will be on standby for quick transport of 

personnel, sho cannot be treated here, to the Shands Teaching Hospital in 

Gainesville, Fla. The helicopter will also be available for security and 

photographic needs. 

51 
ORIGINAL PAGE 1s 

OF POCR QUALIn 

The helicopter will be stored at a KSC hangar at Patrick AFB and on stanaby 

at the Shuttle Landing Facility during hazardous operations. Before it can 

be used, however, the chopper will have to be outfitted with equipment for 

medical evacuation. The Biomedical Office estimated they will have some 

limited capability with the nelicopter beginning sometllne in March. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 5, February 29, 1980, p 5) 

o Henry R. Van Goey, manager of KSC's Western Operations Support Office in 

Lompoc, California, retired today after 34 years with the federal 

government. 

He has been the manciger of KSC's unmanned launch operations at the Western 

Test Range since august 1966. He will be pursuing his persL'lal business 

and real estate investments in Lompoc after retirement. (Spaceport News, 

Vol. 19, No. 5, February 29, 1980, p 7) 

52 
March 1980 

March 3: lis a restJlt of the Soviet invasion of Afghbnistdn, the U.S. has 

deferred or put off all major space undertakings with the Soviet Union, 

including joint working group meetings and large scale projects. This 

includes a planetary working group meeting that had been slated for March. 

The one exception, according to NASA, is the Search dnd Rescue Satellite 

(SARSAT) project, where the Soviets will equip two Soviet spacecraft 

(COSPAS) with transponders whi ct- wi 11 >e compatible with the U. S. /Canadian/ 

French project. NASA is also continuing "low level technical exchanges" 

with the Soviets. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 109, No. 1, March 3, 1980, 

P 31 

o The Space Shuttle Main Engine moved back on the track Thursday with a S'ICcessfcl 550-second full duration firing of the three-engine Main Test 

Aiilcle at the National Space Technology Laboratories in Mississippi. An 

earlier attempt, on Feb. 1, was aborted after four seconds when potential 

problems were detected. Thursday's test was the second successful full 

duration test of the three-engine SSME cluster, with five. more needed to 

certify the engine for the maiden flight of the Shuttle. It takes about 

three weeks to ready the cluster between tests. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 

lG9, No. 1, Monday, March 3, 1980, p 4) 

o The U.S. has discussions underway or planned with Frawe, the European 

Space Agency, Canada, Japan and India aimed at the esLablishment of compi ementary , national ly-operated remote sensing satel ! tes. International 

cooperation in the area of space-tested geodynamlcs measurments is also 

being sought by the U.S. in conjunction with NASA's newly-defined geodynamics program. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 109, No. 1, Monday, March 3, 1980, 

P 4) 

o General Electric's Space Division (Valley Forge, Pa.) and TRW Space Systems 

Group (Redorrdo Beach, Cal i f. ) wee selected by NASA Friday for si x-month, 

$500,000 Phase I concept definition studies of the new Gama Ray 

Observatory spacecraft, being initiated as a new start in FY '81. One of 

the contractors will be selected to build the spacecraft under a separate 

fol 1 ow-on contract, dependeni on congress1 onal approval of the $180-$225 

mi 11 ion spacecraft project. !cDonnel 1 Douglas Astronautics was an unsuccessful bidder for the Phase I study. The GRO is to be launched by the 

Shuttle in 1985 as a mission to detect gamma rays. (Defense/Space Daily, 

Vol. 109, No. 1, Monday, March 3, 1980, p 8) 

53 
o Extensive manned space flight activity, a major expansion of synchronous 

orbit communications capability and continued planetary flights to Venus 

will highlight the Soviet space program for the next several years. 

Soviet flight of a manned reusable winged space vehicle by about 1985 will 

provide the Russians with a high-launch-rate manned capability at less 

expense, although the new Soviet spacecraft will have nowhere near tt.2 

capability of the U.S. space shuttle. The Soviet system will first be 

launched by an expendable booster and by the 1990s could involve a flyback 

baoster for a totally reusable system. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, 

Vol. 112, No. 0, March 3, 1980, p 83) 

o Rapidly increasing icterest in commercial applications and competition with 

the U.S. are two trends that will continue to cut across major European 

space programs, which are concentrated largely in the fields of launcher 

and Spacelab development, telecommunications and earth observations. 

Development of the Ariane launcher continues to be Europe's most important 

space program. Cost to completion of the first developcient phase, which is 

due after the fourth test flight near the end of the year, is about $1 billion. About $216.7 million has been earmarked for the program this year by 

the European Space Agency. This amounts to 25% of ESA's budget. 

A follow-on development program has been proposed. This is designed to 

upgrade the launcher's payload capability froin its present 3,747 lb. in 

transfer orbit to about 5,180 lb. for the so-called Ariane 3. Costs for 

such a prograv are in the neighborhood of $120 mi 11 ion. 

However, officials are looking at the development of Ariane 4 and 5. The 

latter would be capable of putting a 9,500-lb. payload into a 124-mi. orbit 

by 1990. One is a mini-shuttle, 

designated Hermes, which could hold two to five astronauts and varying 

amounts of cargo. The other is an automated lahratory, designated Minos, 

capable of manufacturing limited amounts of inaterials in a zero-gravity 

environment. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 9, March 3, 

1980, p 89) 

Two types of payload have been proposed. 

54 
ORIGINAL' FACT rs 

OF POOR QUALITY 

o Japan is nearing maturity in operational satellite technology through 

experience gained in launching 19 satellftes and tncre than 300 smaller 

sounding and observation rockets during the 1960s and 1970s. 

expects to increase significantly its spacecraft technolGgy and activity in 

the 1980s. 

The country 

he of :he largest Japanese space programs involves use of the three-axis 

cc&r.i: technique, which will be dpplied for the first time to a Japanese 

maritime observation satellite to be launched in fiscal 1984. Major Japanese aerospace manufacturers are preparing for a spurt in space activities 

by iqwoving their own techcology while entering into joint programs with 

such companies as RCA in the U.S. and Germany's Messerschmitt-BoelkowB1 ohm. 

Japan also is seeking to reduce its reliance on the U.S. National Aeronauiics and Space Administration, which earlier launched three spacecraft tor 

Japan, and instead will launch all planned spacecraft itself. (Aviation 

Week & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 9, March 3, 1980, p 92) 

o New ground ru.es aimed at avoiding some of the problems encountered during 

production of the first operational NASA/Rockwell International space 

shuttle have been established at Rockwell's Palmdale, Calif. , production 

facility in preparation for completion of the second orbiter. 

The new guidelines include increased emphasis on availability of various 

shuttle production parts and components in what has been described as similar to an "assembly line" operation. Attention also will be focused on 

insuring that an adequate supply of thermal protection system (TPS) tiles 

Is available during the tlle application process, and that the tiles are 

applied to the orbiter in sequence. 

An improved thermal protection system tile material, which program officials had hoped to use on the second operational space shuttle, may not be 

developed in time to meet Orbiter 099 production schedules. 

A decision by mid-1230 had been expected on whether the lighter, more 

durable tile-called fibrous refractory composite insulation-would be 

available in time for use on the second orbital vehicle. 

first large-scale use of that tile will be on the third operational 

shuttle--Orbiter 103. 

March 3, 1980, p 223) 

It appears that 

(Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 9, 

55 
~R~GINAL YAG& 1s 

POOR QUALm 

March 4: In a status report on the Space Shuttle, the House Subcomnittee on 

Space Science L Applications has acknowledged the cost growth on the 

shuttle development program, but said that the problems are understandable 

and that mavagement of the program has Improved. 

The subcommittee noted that development cost of the Shuttle has risen from 

$5.15 billion in FY '71 dollars to $6.18 billion in FY '71 dollars. It 

added that additional costs will be incurred, and the Shuttle schedule 

slipped further, if the $300 million FY '80 supplemental requested by the 

agency is not approved by June. 

The subcommittee also reported that the launch costs of the Shuttle have 

increased from $10.5 million in FY '71 dollars to $15.2 million in FY '71 

dollars. 

"While it is always un:ortunate to exceed initial cost estimates for any 

target, a high risk development program such as the Space Shuttle is bound 

to encounter some unforeseen problems that will increase costs ,'I subcomni ttee chairman Don Fuqua (D-Fla.) said. 

He said a major reason fol- the cost increase "has been a tendency on the 

part of Administration budget offlcials over several years to hold down 

annual development funding, thus forcing NASA to work with a schedule which 

deferred testing and evaluation unti 1 the end. This success-oriented philosophy of budgeting," hr said, "has resulted In problem identification at 8 

point where correction became far more costly than if the problems were 

located and corrected at an earlier stage of development." 

Fuqua said that considerable improvements have been made in the management 

of the Shuttle program and that he is pleased that current NASA budget predictions for completion of the Shuttle program "appear realistic and are 

not disproportionately conservative. 'I (Defense/Space Daily, Vol . 109, No. 

2, Tuesday, March 4, 1980, p 10) 

March 5: Negotiations were still at an impasse Tuesday as engineers at 

Kennedy Space Center entered the fourth week of their strike against Boeing 

Services International . 

Members of the newly formed union say they will hold out for quarterly 

cost-of-livlng adjustments as part of thelr first contract with Boeing. 

Pickets have been protesting outside two space center gates since the 

strike was called Feb. 13. 

56 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

The 200 striking engineers, members of the Florida Association of 

Professional Employees, represent a tenth of Boeing's 2,000 employees. 

Also deadlocked in contract negotiations, security guards at the space 

center are awaiting union sanctl on for thei r strike against Wackenhut 

Servi ces, Inc. 

The 15b security employees approved a mandatory strike last week, but were 

asked to delay the action by officials of the Detroit-based United Plant 

Guard Workers. (Sentinel Star, Wednesday, March 5, 1980) 

o Security officials at Kennedy Space Center Tuesday made public a letter 

believed to be written by Soviet KGB Col. Rudolph A. Herrmann telling NASA 

authorities The Dec. 21, 1968, launch of Apollo 8 "will be a lovely Christmas cracker when it takes off." 

The FBI said Monday that one of Herrmann's first missions in the United 

States was to mail a letter to authorities alleging a manned space vehicle 

might have been sabotaged. The FBI said the exact text of the letter was 

radioed to him in code by the KGB. 

Herrmann said he believed the mission was an Apollo space shot and the FBI 

said the ploy was U~SUCC~SS~U~. FBI officials identified the double agent 

only by the cover name he used in the United States. 

The FBI produced the top-ranking Soviet turncoat spy at an extraordinary 

news conference in Washington on Monday. 

The letter was obtained Tuesday from security officials at the Kennedy 

Space Center. 

contained no return address. 

It was signed by "M. Miller," postmarked Atlanta and 

Though Kennedy Space Center Security Chief Charles L. Buckley Jr. refused 

to say for sure Herrmann wrote the letter, he pointed out that it matched 

all the details the double agent revealed at his Monday news conference. 

(TODAY, Wednesday, March 5, 1980) 

o The Soviet Union reported last week that the Soyuz-T spacecraft and the 

Salyut-6 space station complex were in an orbit of 343/369 kilometers, 51.6 

degrees, 91.5 minutes. 

Soyuz-T was launched into space on December 15. 

Vol. 109, No. 3, Nednesday, March 5, 1980, p 21) 

The station has completed 13,915 revolutions. 

(Defense/Space Daily, 
S2itiiNkL YAGf is I 

OF POOR QUALIn i 

March 6: 

Federa 

submit 

budget 

As part of his planned up-t0-$20 billion reduction in the FY '81 

budget submitted in January, President Carter has asked NASA to 

representing 18 percent of that authorization. 

plans for cutting $760 million from its $5.737 billion FY '81 

The threat to NASA seems more ominous in light of information that the 

White Hcuse originally asked NASA to come up with redxtions totaling $630 

million, and now has boosted that to the $760 million target. 

The potential devastation of the nation's space program if a reduction of 

that magnitude is ordered is underscored by the fact that $760 million 

represents more than 40 percent of the non-Space Shuttle related portion of 

NASA's R&D budget. 

6, 1980, p 25) 

(Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 109, No. 4, Thursday, March 

o The Sovi e: Union 1 aunched a photographic reconnai ssance/survei 1 1 ance satel - 

lite into a medium-resolution orbit on Tuesday, March 4 from Plesetsk. 

Cosmos 1166 was put into an orbit of 208/406 ki lometers. 72.9 degrees, 90.7 

minutes. (Defcnse/Space Daily, Vol. 109, No. 4, Thursday, March 6, 1980, 

P 27) 

o The FLTSATCOM 111 satel lite, launched Jan. 17 from Cape Canaveral , was 

declared operational by the Air Force Feb. 17. Each of the three $60 

million FLTSATCOM satellites has 23 communications channels, including one 

solely for use by the National Command authorities. (Defense/Space 

Daily, Vol. 109, No. 4, Thursday, March 6, 1980, p 32) 

Flarch 0: The House subcomnittee in charge of authorizing NASA's budget 

visited Kennedy Space Center Friday as part of a whirlwind tour of the 

agency's centers. 

Members of the Subcomnittee on Space, Science and Applications visited the 

Orbiter Processing Facility and heard a report on the status of the Shuttle 

and its various cargo projects, a NASA spokesman said. The annual tour is 

part of the budget authorization process. 

While at KSC, Rep. Don Fuqua, D-Fla., chairman of the subcomnittee, said he 

believes Congress will not approve a cut in NASA's 1981 budget as drastic 

as that suggested by the White House's Office of Management and Budget. 

(TODAY, Saturday, March 8, 1980) 

58 

tlarch 10: Space shuttle main engine test program will push for significant 

performance milestones this month, development objectives that engine 

management at the Marshall Space Flight Center here are optimistic they can 

meet as a result of the successful completion in February of a second 

flight certification firing series and a 555-sec. engine cluster test. 

Near term test series are: 

Initiation of the first of two flight certification cycles on Engine 0009. 

The test will involve a minimum of 13 firings and 5,000 sec. of burn time 

for each series, certifying basic engine capability for the first 10 

shuttle missions. A 520-sec. launch duration test has begun this series. 

Initiation of abort demonstration tests of Engine 2004 that will for the 

first time involve engine firings at the 109% full-power-thrust level. 

Abort capability at 109% is a program requirement by about the fifth 

shuttle mission, according to 3. R. Thompson, main engine project manager 

here. A 100-sec. calibration firing has start?d this series. 

Initiation by late March or early April of a 5,000-sec., 13-test certification series on Engine 2004 to certify performance at 102% normal mission 

thrust with up to a 109% thrust abort capability by late 1981 or early 

1982, Thompson said. First shuttle missions will be launched with 100% 

thrust capability, and the 102% would allow the loading of an additional 

2,000 lb. of space shuttle payload. (Aviation Week 8 Space Technology, 

Voi. 112, No. 10, March 10, 1980, p 39) 

March 11: Engineers for Boeing Services International were back on the job 

Monday, ending their 3 l/Z-week strike at Kennedy Space Center. 

Strikers voted Saturday ta ratify a three-year contract, even though it 

didn'i provide the quarterly cost-of-living adjustments demanded in earlier 

negotiations. The strike involved about 200 of Boeing's 2,000 employees. 

Guards at the space center, also threatening to strike, report no developments in their contract dispute with Wackenhut Services, Inc. Union 

officials say they will stand fast in their demand for a quarterly cost-ofliving adjustment when negotiations open again early next week. (Sentinel 

Star, Tuesdey, March 11, 1980) 

60 
o After evaluating five possible space program new starts, the European Space 

Agency's Science Program Committee has decided to initiate development of a 

$185 mi 1 lion "astrometry" sate1 lite--designated "H1pparcos"--which will be 

designed to measure the positions, motions and velocity of about 100,000 

stars. (Defense/Space Daily, Vol. 109, No. 7, Tuesday, March 11, 1980, 

P 51) 

March 12: Brian M. Duff has been named Director of Public Affairs at NASA 

Headquarters. The appointment is effective April 7, 1980. 

As Director of Public Affairs, Duff will be responsible for agency-wide 

activities involving the general public, the news media and the educational 

community. He reports to the Associate Administrator for External Relatians and serves as a principal advisor to the Administrator and Deputy 

Admi ni st rat or. 

Duff brings to NASA more than 17 years of management comnunications and 

media services experience, including 10 years of government public affairs 

experience. He is currently Managing Director of hblic Affairs at Amtrak 

in Washington, D.C. 

Prior to that, Duff was Deputy Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs at 

the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. 

Previously, Duff was employed by NASA at the Johnson Space Center, where he 

directed the full range of public affairs activities during a period of 

intense manned space flight activity, including five lunar flights and the 

first manned landing on the Moon. Duff also spent five years as Headquarters Director of the Special Events Division, where he was responsible for 

a wide variety of public affairs activities. (Marshail Star, Vol. 20, &!. 

26, March 12, 1980, p 1) 

krch 13: Klopf Aur'o/,ideo Company of Dayton, Ohio, has won a contract to 

supply ground equipment for television news coverage of Space Shuttle 

f 1 i ghts. 

The $32,051.25 contract was won by the small business firm which will 

supply the equipment within 90 days. 

Successful Way in Dayton. 

Klopf Audio/Vid@o Is located at 3381 

(NASA News Release No. 57-80, March 13, 1980) 

61 
ORIGINAL PAGE E3 

OF POOR QUALlW 

March 14: The second of seven cluster firings of the Space Shuttle main 

engines was successful ly run at the National Space Technology Laboratories 

at Bay St. Louis, Mississippi on February 28. 

All test objectives were met during the 551-second firing, which included 

several firsts in the test profile. 

successful gimballing (steering) of the three engines while they were 

simultaneously being throttled back from 100% to 70% power. 

first time that the maneuver had been successfully tested. 

One noteworthy accomplfshment was the 

It was the 

In addition, more than 300 seconds of so-called "pogo pulsing" during the 

run enabled technicians to explore the whole spectrum of the pogo environment. 

engine systems, in which cyclic propellant pressures cause violent vertical 

jarring in flight vehicles. 

verified in this test. 

Pogo pulsing is a phenomenon, experienced In some earlier booster 

The Shuttle's pogo suppression system was 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 6, March 14, 1980, 

P 1) 

o Emphasis on a new generation of flight hardware--the reusable Space 

Shuttle--is reflected in the theme of the Seventeenth Space Congress, "A 

New Era In Technology". The annual event will be held in Cocoa Beach April 

30 through May 2. 

The first panel on Wednesday rorning will be an update on present and 

future space transportation system. Later that day, a paper session will 

pravide a current update on Shuttle hardware and operations. Chairing the 

individual sessions wi 11 be John F. Yardley, NASA Associate Administrator 

for Space Transportation System Acquisition, and Dr. Myron S. Malkin, 

director of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. 

sti 11 to be determined. 

A second afternoon session is 

Thursday's program will begin with a session on Technology Applications, 

and spec'fic examples of the transfer of space technology to industry and 

to the public sector. Heading this session will be J. Ronald Thornton, 

NASA State Technology Applications Center, State University System of 

Florida. Also on tap for Thursday is a discussion of the broad spectrum of 

payload programs for the Shuttle and other launch vehicles. 

di rector of the Space1 ab Mi ssi on Integration Di vi ion at NASA Headquarters, 

wi 11 chair the session. 

Jesse Moore, 

Highlights of progress and problems in continuing life support for "Spaceship Earth" is the topic for Thursday afternoon's first session, to be 

chaired by Or. Gerald Lowery, Director of Energy Programs, Science Applications, Inc. John Neilon, manager of KSC's Cargo Projects Office, will be 

chairperson for a session on International Activities in Space. 

62 
Thursday night, KSC Director Richard G. Smith will host Meet The Astronauts, a panel open to the general public, wlth several astronauts and payload specialists dlscusslng future activities for men and women In space. 

Friday's fiaal panel session, A New Era In Technology, will be headed by A1 

Worden, Apollo 15 astronaut and now president of Alfred M. Wordefi, Inc. 

Also on the schedule are a banquet on Wednesday night and a luncheon on 

Thursday. Luncheon speaker will be Major General James H. Marshall, 

Comnder, Space and Mi ssi le Test Organization. 

speaker, keynote address speaker, and astronauts taking part in the panel 

will be arlnounced at a later date. 

Names of the banquet 

On display will be exhibits by NASA and a11 major contractors participating 

in the Space Shuttle program, along with the Youth Science Fair, highlighting science exhibits from the Brevard County School D:strict. 

News, Vol. 19, No. 6, March 14, 1980, p 3) 

(Spaceport 

o ACL-FILCO Corporation, 3333 W. Warner Avenue, Santa Ana, California has won 

a contract with NASA to manufacture hydraulic control units for use In the 

Space Shutt 1 e program. 

The firm fixed price contract is for a total of $1,200,000. 

The units will be used to test the hydraulic systems of both the Space 

Shuttle orbiter and its two solid rocket motors before launch. Hydraulic 

systems provide steering, flight control and a variety of other functlons 

aboard the combined vehicle. (NASA News Release No. 56-80, March 14, 1980) , 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a contract to Euclid Garment Manufacturing Company of Kent, Ohio, to provide coveralls, hoods and 

booties required for KSC personnel in support of the Space Shuttle program. 

This $25,578 contract is one set-aside for small businesses. Euclld is to 

complete the work within 75 days. (NASA News Release No. 58-80, March 14, 

1980) 

63 
. .. 

ORIGINAL PAX rs 

OF POOR QUALITY 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a contract to Sigmaform 

Corporation of Santa Clara, California, to supply 15,000 feet of electrical 

insulation covering. 

The contract is valued at $77,500 and is to be completed wlthln six weeks. 

(NASA News Release No. 59-80, March 14, 1980) 

o The House Government Operations Committea has criticized NASA for not 

informing Congress prior to the launch of the Skylab Orbital Workshop in 

May 1973 of the possible risk of unplanned reentry of the workshop. 

NASA believed that Skylab would remain in space 

era and, if necessary, could be reboosted to a safe orbit via the Shuttle. 

However, the committee said that in November 1970, NASA's manned space 

flight chief, Dale Myers, acknowledged that if the Skylab should reenter 

prematurely that there was one chance in 55 of a single worldwide casualty 

arid he suggested that risk could be substantially reduced by spending an 

additional $20 million. The committee also said that NASA had a report In 

May 1973, prior to Skylab's launch, that 505 pieces of the spacecraft would 

survive reetitry if it should enter prematurely, but that it did not glve 

this information to Congress until 1977. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 10, 

Friday, March 14, 1980, p 78) 

?11 into the Space Shuttle 

March 18: Sen. William Proxmire (D-Wis.), chairman of the Senate appropriations subcommi ttea responsible for the NASA budget, has recommended that 

the Administration cut NASA's FY '81 budget by the full $760 million that 

NASA has been asked to prepare for as the first step in the Administration's plans to cut $13-$14 billion from the FY '81 Federal budget. 

The Administration insists that it has not reached a final decision on tne 

exact details 3f the budget reduction, but will do so by the end of the 

month. 

Proxmire said the Administration should accept the $760 million in cuts 

which NASA has submitted to the White House at the President's request. 

said the cut could be achieved by postponing new pmgrams, cutting back on 

overhead and stretching out the Space Shuttle. (Gefense Daily, Vol. 109, 

No. 12, Tuesday, March 18, 1980, p 89) 

He 

64 
ORIGINAL PAGE FS 

OF POOR QUfiLlTY 

March 19: NASA's John r. Kennedy SFace Center has awarded a second contract 

to Ellis and Watts of Cincinnati to provide arl environmental control system 

for use in processing Space Shuttle payloads such as automated spacecraft. 

This contract is valued at $368,740. 

19, 1980) 

(NASA News Release No. 62-80, March 

o The Wall Tube & Metal Products Co. of Newport, Tennessee, has been awarded 

a contract from NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center for stalnless steel 

tubing needed to support Space Shuttle requirements. 

Value of the contract is $119,419. 

1980) 

(NASA News Release No. 61-80, March 19, 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a contract to TFI Corporation of New Haven for a portable x-ray unit to be used by the Nondestruct 

Evaluation Laboratory in support of the Space Shiv** 'e and expendable launch 

vehicle operations. 

The contract, valued at $27,469, is an atvard made to a small business and 

is to be completed by TFI within 60 days. 

March 19, 1980) 

(NASA News Release No. 60-80, 

o The Soviet Union launched a military navigation satellite yesterday, March 

18, from Plesetsk, identified as Cosmos 1168. It was put into an orbit of 

981/1026 km, 82.9 deg, 104.9 min. Missions into this regime have also been 

identified as "natural resources" flights. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 

13, Wednesday, March 19, 1980, p 101) 

o To remove any amolguity in the zppllcability of Federal law to criminal 

acts committed in space, NASA k3s proposed a regulation giving the 

commander of the Space Shuttle the responsibility and the authority to 

maintain order on Shuttle missions. The regulation would give the 

commander authority to use ''any reasonable and necessary means, includincj 

physical force" and arrest , to carry out that responsi bi 1 ity. Cciminal 

charges could be punishable by a fine up to $5000, imprisonment for a year, 

or both. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, Eo. 13, Wednesday, March 19, 1980, 

P 101) 

65 
March 20: The Hdusc Budget Committee, the first congressional group to 

tackle the 1981 federal budget since balance-the-budget fever hit this 

city, Wednesday recommended that no money be cut from the upcoming Space 

Shuttle budget. 

In fact, if the rest of Congress and President Carter heed the comnittee's 

recommendation, NASA's overall budget will sustain relatively minor cuts 

compared to the $760 million Carter's own budget staff reportedly has 

considered triinming froin the agency. (TODAY, Thursday, March 20, 1980) 

o Tel edyne Brown Engineering, Incorporated, a di vi si on of Teledyne Industries, has won a cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to install payload checkout 

equipment here. 

The estimated total cost of the contract will be $1,046,655, of which 

$355,000 is for work already performed. All work under the contract will 

be performed within the Operations and Checkout Building at Kennedy Space 

Center. (NASA News Release No. 45-80, March 20, 1980) 

o Soviet manned spaceflight leader, Lt. Gen. Vasily Shatalov, says there will 

be no more female cosmonauts until space travel no longer jeopardizes "the 

fqir sex.'' 

Swiet space program, Shatalov conceded that space flights of over one year 

duration would be unthinkable without women cosmonauts. 

Vol. 109, No. 14, Thursday, March 20, 1980, p 105) 

Explaining there are presently no women in training for the 

(Defense Daily, 

o A study of laser-heated propulsion devices is called for in a request far 

proposal being issued by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center March 20. 

lhe center will also be seeking proposals for a definition study of modular 

integTat4 solar eneryy systems, with bid packages to be released March 28. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 14, Thursday Yarch 20, 1980, p 105) 

Marcn 21: Kennedy Space Center guards plan to strike Tuesday. 

The decision to walk out was made Thursday after lengthy wage ;alks broke 

down. 

66 
e 

Negotiations among the guards' union, their employer-Wackenhut Services 

1nc.--and a federal mediator ended over disagreements on the ilicluslon of a 

cost of living adjustment in the guards' contract, said federal mediator 

Richard Deem. 

But both NASA and Wackenhut Services officials say they are prepared to 

keep the space center ful ly operational. 

"We have been assured of uninterrupted sew1 ce ,'I said Harold Gooch, NASA 

chief of labor relations. 

The compdny's strike plan includes the use of management and other Wackenhut personnel to perfonn the guard duties, said Richard Wilson, Wackenhut 

Ser #ices Inc. senior vice president and general manager. (TODAY, Friday, 

March 21, 1980) 

o The House Budget Committee has approved the recommendation that $100 

 illi ion be cut from the NASA, National Science Foundation and Department of 

Energy science, research and technology outlay request for FY 1981, without 

cutting into Space Shlrttle related development. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, 

No. 15, Friday, March 21, 1980, p 110) 

o NASA General Counsel S. heil Hosenball will debate the merits of the "Moon 

Treaty" approved by the United Nations General Assembly at a session of the 

AAS's 18th Goddard Memorial Symposium March 27 at the Washington Hilton 

Hotel. Opposition to the treaty, on the grounds that it could prevent the 

U.S. from expoiting lunar resources, wi17 be voiced by Leigh S. Ratiner of 

the L-5 Society. 

reviewing the Moon Treaty and is expected to report to Secretary of State 

Cyrus Vance by May 1.1 (Defense Daily, Vol. .39, No. 15, Friday, March 21, 

1980, p 115) 

[A U.S. Government interagency task force is currently 

March 25: Soyuz-T, launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on Dec. 16 and linkeci 

up with Salyut-6 on Dec. 19, has separated from the space statio? after 95 

days. 

features of the basic Soyuz manned craft and the cargo carrying capabilities of the Prowess unmanned transporis. It is equipped with a new propulsion system dnd a color TV monitoring system. 

an orbit of 344/363 km, 51.6 deg, 91.4 min. 

17, Tuesday, March 25, 1980, p 127) 

Soyuz-T has been described as a spacecraft that inccrporates the 

Salyut-6 yesterday was in 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 

67 
ORIGINAL PAGE 1s 

OF POOR QUALITY 

o The Space Shuttle Main Engine has taken andther step forward with its 

second successfui iui i -aurati on test fi ring in d row. 

SSME Main Propulsion Test Article was static fired for 535 seconds March 20 

at the Mississippi Test Facility. The MPTA successfully underwent a similar 555-second test on Feb. 28. Four additional fu?l duratlon firings are 

needed to certify the SSME for the maiden Shuttle flight. 

three weeks to ready the cluster between tests. 

CI 

I ne iiiree- eiigi ne 

It takes about 

The test marked the first time that the engines were gimballed while a 

"pogo effect" was induced so that engineers could observe the vehicle's 

reaction. The test was designed to demonstrate the engine accumulator 

system's capabi 1 i ty to prevent pogo during flight. 

The MPTA was subjected to two periods of throttling two engines to 70 

percent of rated power with the third at 100 percent to verify the main 

propulsion system's performance at the differential throttling that is 

necessary during the early seconds of a Shuttle launch. 

The test also marked the first simulated failure of the thrust vector 

control system to test ðer redundant systems would perform properly in 

;he event of such a failure during launch. 

17, Tuesday, March 25, 1980, p 130) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 

o A single Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSFE) was successfully fired for 520 

seconds at '00 percent of rated power March 22 at the National Space Technology Laboi atories. Another single engine test, including about 320 

sxonds above 100 percent of rated power was scheduled late yesterday 

afternoon. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 17, Tuesday, Yarch 25, 198G, p 

130) 

March 26: President Carter has presented the Goddard Memorial Trophy of the 

Presenting 

National Space Club to NASA administratcr Robert Frosch on behalf of the 

NASA Voyager team for its successful inissigns to that planet. 

the tropky, named for Dr. Robert H. Goddard, the father of American rocketry and the developer of the liquid propellant rocket, Carter said, ''I want 

to make clear that I'm determined as President that thf 'Jnited States 

always maintains its leadership in space exploration. 

Vol. 109, No. 18, Wednesday, March 26, 1980, p 134) 

(Defense Daily, 

68 
Narch 27: Teledyne Taber, of North fonawanda, New York, has won a contract 

with the John F. Kennedy Space Center to supply pressure transducers. 

Under the $34,292 contract, Teledyne will supply 36 of the transducers, 

which will measure pressure 1eve.s in propellant handling equipment used in 

Frocessing the Space Shuttle for launch. Work under the fixed price 

contract is to be completed within a 20-week period. 

No. 64-80, March 27, 1980) 

(NASA News Release 

o Striking security guards and the Wackenhut Corp. agreed Wednesday to reopen 

negotiations aimed at resolving a two-day strike at the Kennedy Space 

Center, a union official said. 

A1 Scholer, president of the United Plant Guard Workers local representing 

about 150 guards, said the guards modi f ied thei r demand for "uncapped" 

cost-of-living p3y raises. (Sentinel Siar, Thursday, March 27, 1980) 

o President Carter, wbo was to disclose his reductions in the FY '81 budget 

to NASA and the House HUD-IA Appropriations Subcoinnittee yesterday, did not 

do so and the agency's appearance before the subcomnittee was cancelled. 

The subcomnittee, which wants the revised figures before considering the 

noq-Shuttle portion of the NASA request, says that it probably will not 

have rim to hold hearings on the remainder of the NASA buciyet until after 

Apri 1 15, following the congressional recess. The reduction being considered by the President is re4orted to be between $224 mi 11 ion and $383 

million. The $1.873 billion FY '81 RID request for the Shuttle, as well as 

the $300 million Shuttle supplemental have been exempted from cuts by the 

White House. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 19, Thursday, March 27, 1980, 

P 142) 

March 28: Another major milestone in getting the Space Shuttle Orbiter ready 

for it$ first flight was accomplished last week with the installation of 

the two Orbital Maneuvering System pods on Columbia. All of Columbia's 

reaction control and mneuveri ng systems components (the single forward 

reaction control system module artd the two aft orbital maneuvering system 

pods) ha. now been installed and integrated tests started. (Spaceport 

News, Voi. 19, No. 7, March 28, 1980, p 1) 

69 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

\ 

o Validation tests of the slidewire emergency exit system at Launch Complex 

39's Pad A were successfully completed recently, according to lead design 

engineer Glenn Jeffcoat. 

The slldewire provides an escape route for 10 to 15 people aboard the Space 

Shuttle and on the Orbiter Access Arm until the final 30 seconds of the 

countdown. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 7, March 28, 1980, p 1) 

o A successful firing ior 540 seconds of the three Space Shuttle Main Engines 

mounted in a main propulsion test article was achieved March 20. 

marks the first time two full dlrraticn tests of the Shuttle's clustered 

engines have been sucLessfully run back-to-back. 

full duration test firings with the main propulsion system have been 

successful, out of a total of eight cluster tests. (Spaceport News, 

Vol. 19, No. 7, March 28, 1980, p 1) 

This 

Three of the last four 

o NASA has announced two recent key personnel changes. 

Dr. William C. Schneider, NASA's AssociaLe Administrator for Space Tracking 

and Data Systems, retired from federal service late last month. He has 

accepted a position as vice president, Systems Group with Computer Sciences 

Corporation, Fa1 1s Church, Virginia. Dr. Schneider served as Gemini 

Mission director for seven of the ten manned Gemini missions, and directed 

Apollo missions 4 through 8. 

program. 

He also served as director of the Skylab 

A. Thomas Young has been named director of NASA's Goddard Space Flight 

Center, succeeding Dr. Robert S. Cooper. 

NASA's AIWS Research Center since 1979. 

Center in 1961, and while there was mission director for the Viking 

explaration of Mars, and mission definition manager of the Lunar Orbiter 

Project, /Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. I, &rch 23, 1980, p 3) 

Young has been deputy director of 

He joined NASA's Langley Research 

March 31: The Senate Budget Comnittee threw the outlook for the Space 

Shuttle into confusion Friday when it voted 7 to 5 for an amendment by 

Sen. Peter Domenici (R-N.M.) to hold the FY '30 budget for General Science, 

Spke Et Technology at the levels set in the second budget re>aiutlon-- 

levels which do not include the $300 million in budget authority dnd $200 

million in outlays requested by the Administration as an FY '80 supplemental for the Shuttle. 

70 
The scheduled reconsideration of all actions taken on FY '80 supplementals 

by the 20-member committee could reverse the 7-5 tally against the Shuttle 

within the comnittee. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 21, Monday, March 31, 

1980, p 155) 

o President Carter is expected today to make a $224 million reduction in the 

$5.737 billion FY '81 NASA budget he submitted in January, with the $1.873 

bi 1 lion requested for development and production of the Space Shuttle 

exempted from the cutback. Details of where the money will be cut will be 

made by NASA; cuts are expected primarily in the $668 million Space Science 

program. A major portion of the reduction is expected to come from delaying the launch of payloads and experiments planned for the Space Shuttle/ 

Spacelab. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 21, Monday, March 31, 1980, p 155) 

o A plannea 360-second static test firing of a Space Shuttle Main Engine 

March 24 at NSTL was automatically shut down 242 seconds into the te:t ds 

the engine was going from 100 percent to 109 percent of rated Dower. 

Sensors detected vibratiorls ill the low-pressure fuel turbopump and shut the 

engine down. There was nt app' t serious damage. The cause of the 

vibration has not yet been dek, ,uined. 

Prior to the test, the total accumlated SSME firing time was 70,551 

seconds--wi th 80,000 seconds required for certification. 

firings, 37,738 seconds were at rated power (100 percent) or higher, of 

which 3272 were or! the three-engine Main Ptopulsion Test Article. 

Of the test 

The eighth in a series of MPTA firings was successfully completed a week 

ago. 

result of Monday's shutdown. (Defense Daily, Vol. 108, No. 21, Monday, 

March 31, 1980, p 157) 

The next MPTA test is scheduled for April 10 but may be delayed as a 

o The Soviet Union launched a Cosmos from Plesetsk on Thursday, March 27, of 

a type that is believed to be related to space interceptor development or a 

special monitoring spacecraft in that regime, and a Progress-8 from 

Baikonur Cosmodrome on a mission to Salyut-6. 

No. 21, Monday, March 31, 1980, p 160) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, 

71 
April 1: Kennedy Space Center firefighters met Monday in an all-day strategy 

session in anticipation of a possible walkout at the end of the week. 

Their union contract expired at midnight Monday. but negotiations between 

the firefighters and thei r employer, Wackenhut Services Inc. , are expected 

to cont ;nue today and Thursday. 

Federal mediator Richard Deem said he will sit in on talks between the 

company and the f i ref i ghters. 

N@ strike has been set, but the firefighters said they will make a decision 

by the end of the week to walk out if negotiations fail. 

April 1, 1980) 

(TODAY, Tuesday, 

o As part of the new $15 billion reduction in the FY '81 Federal budget he 

submitted in January, President Carter yesterday asked for a $224 million 

reduction in outlays by NASA in FY '81, trimming the NASA budget to 

$5,215.6 milliorl. 

The action reduces the NASA's budget plan in FY '81 by $219 million to 

$5,517.7 million. 

The $219 mi 11 ion reduction includes $205 mi 11 ion in R8D and $14 mi 11 ion in 

Research & Program Management. 

not changed. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 22, Tuesday, April 1, 1980, 

The $120 mi 11 ion Construction request was 

P 162) 

o The most probab e Der od for the maiden launch of the Space Shuttle is 

January-February 1981, based on completing instal lation of the thermal 

protection system tiles and rolling the Shuttle Columbia from the Orbiter 

Processing Facility at the Cape by August 31, NASA Associate Administrator 

John Yardley told Congress Monday. Currently, the Shuttle is on schedule 

for a rollout by July 31, Mich would allow a launch on Nov. 33, the earliest possible launch date. A tstal of about 4600 tiles have been installed 

72 
on the Columbia since Feb. 1, leaving about 8400 to gc plus any others 

which ar2 found deficient and have to be removed and reinstalled. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 22, Tuesday, April 1, 1980, p 164) 

April 2: Dr. R. A. Frosch, NASA Administrator, told a congressional 

subcommittee March 25 that a "go-no go" on the fifth Space Shuttle Orbiter 

"will have to be decidod in Fiscal Year 1982." 

The administrator's statement came in reply to a question from Rep. Edward 

P. Boland (D-Mass.) of the Subcommittee on HUD-Independent Agencies, House 

Committee on Appropriations. 

Congressman Boland asked, "Do you (NASA) still want five orbiters?" 

Frosch answered, "Four orbiters will be marginal and five is more 

realistic." (Marshall Star, Vol. 20, No. 29, April 2, 1980, p 2) 

Dr. 

o NASA Deputy Adminisbrator Alan Lovelace told Congress Monday that the $224 

million reduction in its FY '81 budget ordered by the President is 

"significant ... and painful" but "not crippling in any program area and does 

not constitute permanent losses or changes in our national program." He 

told the House Space Subcom.iittee, however, that the reductions "do create 

increased risks to schedules, costs, and to the potential for ;ass of 

valuable scientific data." However, "from an overall perspective, I 

believe they reflect the best possible set of near-term spending reductions 

in support of the President's anti-inflation program," he said. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 23, Wednesday, April 2, 1980, p 175) 

o Progress-8, the unmanned cargo spacecraft launched from Baikonur Cosmdrome 

at 11:53 PM launch complex time March 27, linked up with the Salyut-6 space 

station at, 1:Ol AM March 30, Baikonur complex time, docking with the 

station's equipment compartment. (Defense Dai ly, Vol. 109, No. 23, 

Wednesday, April 2, 1980, p 175) 

73 
April 3: NASI' -s announced that its Langley Research Center has issued 

RFP's for 3 . ,lienonth design study of alternate thermal protection system 

concepts for the Space Shuttle Orbiter, but said that the study will not 

affed the present Orbiter vehicles. The study will include metallic and 

reinforced carbon-carbon them1 protection systems, which are cons1 dered 

the optimum alternatives. The agency is looking to reduce the cost of the 

TPS apd to provide the best possible system. 

study are due April 28. (Defense Gaily, Wol. 109, No. 24, Thursday, April 

Z , 1980, p 180) 

Proposals for the $900,000 

o The Space Shuttle Main Engine 12004 Monday completed 360 seconds at 109 

percent rated power level for 360 secopds and a tot;l running time of 610 

seconds at the National Space Technology Laboratories. This is the same 

engine that shut down on March 17 due to a vibration in a low pressure fuel 

turbo pump. In the latest test a new turbo pump was installed. After 

ignition of the engine, power was first raised to 100 percen? of rated 

power level for 240 seconds. 

cent a second until the 109 percent rate was reached, where it remained for 

360 seconds before throttling down for a total of 610 Feconds. In a March 

13 test, the engine was tested at 109 percent of rated power for the first 

time in a 125-second run, staying at 109 percent for 10 seconds. (Defense 

Daily, Vol. 109, No. 24, Thursday, April 3, 1980, p 180) 

It was then increased at the rate of 1 pero NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a $92,800 contract to Material Handling Systems, Inc., of Hollywood, Fla., for the procurement of a 

hoisting system to be used on the Space Shuttle's solid rocket boosters. 

(NASA News Release No. 66-80, April 3, 1980) 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has announced the award of a $1,146,090 

contract to the Holloway Corporation of Titusville, Fla., for the fabrication of power systems equipment. 

1980) (NASA News Release No. 65-80, April 3, 

April 4: NASA Deputy Administrator Alan Lovelace told the Senate Space Subcommittee yesterday that the European Space Agency has not yet made a 

commitment to continue with the joint International Solar Polar Mission 

(ISPPI) project -- which the Adisinistration has delayed with its revised FY 

'81 NASA budget -- but he said that he does not think they will pull out. 

74 
ORIGINAL PAGE FS 

OF POUR QUALITY 

ESA is providing one of the two Shuttle-launched spacecraft for the solar 

mission. If they do decide to withdraw, Lovelace said, then NASA will have 

to restructure the program. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 25, Friday, 

April 4, 1980, p 185) 

o The lone increase in the President's revised budget for NASA -- $30 million 

for Landsat-D -- is necessary to overcome development and integration problems the spacecraft system has Incurred and to try to keep the program on 

schedule, but was offset by deletion of the $16 million originally included 

to initiate an Operational Land Observing System, starting with the 

Landsat-0 backup satellite. 

As a result, the planned launch date for that spacecraft has been delayed 

from 1985 to 1986. Improvements are to be added to the satellite to make 

it the prototype of the new operational Land Observing Satellite. 

At the same time, even with the additional $30 million, NASA does not 

believe it can meet the September 1981 launch scheduled for Landsat-D and 

says there is some chance that the remaining Landsat satellite, Landsat-3, 

will cease functioning before it can launch the new satellite. 

looking at possible options for launching Landsat-D so that continuity of 

Landsat data can be maintained for users. 

NASA is 

Development problems on Landsat-D center on the Thematic Mapper and the 

ground image processing system. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 25, Friday, 

April 4, 1980, p 187) 

o Technology for televi si on transmi ssi on by Di rect Broadcast Sate1 1 i tes has 

been demonstrated and opvational systems will be used around the world 

before 1990, according to a study conducted for the FCC by a special staff 

study group. (Defense Daily, Vo:. 109, No. 25, Friday, April 4, 1980, 

P 188) 

o A Political Action Committee (PAC) has been formed by an associate of space 

colony advocate Prof. Gerard K. O'Neill to support the election to Congress 

of people who support the space program and to oppose those who do not. 

The committee, the Washington, 0.C.-based "Campaign for Space," is headed 

by Dr. David Webb, who is vice president of Princeton University's Space 

Studies Institute, which Is headea by O'Neill. 

75 
ORIGINAL PAGE tS 

OF POOR QUALlrV 

Webb said that the committee is not just interested in pushing for space 

colcn'es but believes in a strong ovcrall space program. 

Val. 109, No. 25, Friday, April 4, 1980, p 189) 

(Defense Daily, 

April 6: Two labor disputes at the Kennedy Space Center came to a crossroads 

Saturday when one strike was settled and the other apparently averted. 

Striking security guards, after a mornlng of dellberations and arguments, 

vated 104 to 31 to ratify a contract with Wackenhut Services Inc. 

expected to return to work at 10 o'clock tonight. 

They are 

Meanwhile, about 62 KSC firefighters and inspectors who were expected to 

begin their strike Saturday afternoon, agreed to postpone any walkout until 

after negotiations Thursday, said Harold Gooch NASA chief of labor relations. (TODAY, Sunday, April 6, 1980) 

April 7: "People around here call this The Hobby Shop," said Bob Newall, 

wincing as he spoke. "And the people who work here resent that. 

"We got a machinist out here who says, 'My hearing gets real bad when someone comes in here and calls this The Hobby Shop. 

thing he says after that. '" 

I can't hardly hear a 

Newall was talking about Kennedy Space Center Is Development Test Faci 1 i ty, 

of which he is the branch chief. 

build prototypes -- which some people call models. Newall isn't exactly 

fond of the word model though. 

The people who do developmental testing 

"Developmenta? testing doesn't mean model making," Newall said. "It means 

we manufacture prototype hardware for various functions going 00 at the 

Cape. 

Like scale mock-ups of the Space Shuttle for tourists to gawk at in the 

Visitors Information Center or for display on television. 

facsimile of the Vehicle Assembly Building. Or a scaled-down version cf 

various equipment used to load Shuttle cargo. (TODAY, Monday, April 7, 

1980) 

Or a transparent 

76 
o Viking mission activities with the No. 2 Lander on Mars have come to un end 

after more than 3-1/2 years of operation on the Martian surface. Controllers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory said the Lander's last transmission 

in March was unintelligible, apparently due to the low output of the spacecraft's batteries. The original mission goal was for an operational period 

of at least 90 days following its touchdown on the planet in September, 

1976. Viking Lander 1 still is cor3:nJing some limited operations, as is 

Viking Orbiter 1. 

gas supplies were exhausted. 

No. 14, April 7, 1980, p 23) 

Orbiter 2 become uliusable in 1978 when its propellant 

(Aviation Week I Space Technology, Vol. i12, 

o Space shuttle checkout team here is nearing several key power-on tests that 

should clear the way for transfer of the orbiter Columbia to the Vehicle 

Assembly Building for stacking immediately after thermal protection tile 

work on the spacecraft is completed this summer. 

Changes by Rockwell Internat i onal to ti 1 e 1 oad requi rements cont i nue to 

hamper the tile application here but tile application rates are high enough 

to encourage optimism on completion of that ;ark as planned no later than 

about July 31. First launch by February or March, 1981, is viewed as B 

realistic schedule. 

Power-on systems hardware and test work are In the home stretch toward 

first launc9 and the extensive Cap? Camveral activity is reaching a point 

reminiscent of the several months preceding launch of the first Saturn 5 

when new hardware was undergoing final checkout. 

A significant difference between Saturn 5 and the shuttle, however, Is that 

the vehicle system performance is much more mature at this state of preparation than was the Apollo hardware this close to launch, e'er though the 

shuttle is far more complex. (Aviatiorl Week & Space Techno:ogy, Vol. 112, 

No. 14, April 7, 1980, p 39) 

April 8: The new type Soviet reconnai ssance/survei 11 ance sate1 1 i te mi ssi le, 

Cosmos 1170, launched on April 1, into a high-resolution, high-inclination 

regime of 70.4 degrees was not, as first reported, launched from Plesetsk. 

In a rare maneuver for that cosmodrome, the mission was sent into orbit 

from Balkonur at Ty -atam. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 27, Tuesday, 

April 8, 1980, p 193) 

77 
o Eight nwn aged 55 to 65 will undergo ten days of bedrest at NASA-Ames this 

month to simulate the weightless environment of space end to evaluate their 

ability to stand the physiological stress of space flight. 

jects are the oldest NASA has subjected to the simulated space flight 

stress tests. Women aged 55 to 65 will ;le tested later this year. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 27, Tuesday, April 8, 1980, p 201) 

The test subApril 10: The Soviet Union has launched 20 space rnissims in 1980; the U.S. 

has launched 5. 

military missions, four of the U.S, missions have been military oriented. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 29, Thursdaj, April 13, 1980 p 213) 

Sixteen of the Soviet flights, or 80 percent have been 

o NASA says that the major goals of its RFP for a &?sign study <if alternate 

thermal protection systems for the Shuttle Orbiter are to "reduce the costs 

of the Orbiter's TPS and to determine the best available system, whether it 

is the present one or an alternative one...The new study will bring into 

focus an$ recent technological sdvances in reusable surface installations." 

NASA says the study will include evaluation of such types of TPS as "metal1 ic and reinforced carbon/carbon concept.s, which are considered probable 

alternatives. 

The study will assess potential benefits and problems that might restilt 

from a1 ternate thermal protection concepts; establ ish guidelines to cope 

with varied loading conditions and handling, inspection and maintenance; 

and identify deficiencies in present technology that may require further 

R&D." (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 29, Thursday, April 10, 1980, p 216) 

April 11: A Space shuttle main engine reached milestone in a static firing 

at NASA's facility in Mississippi Jast week with a 10 minute firing at up 

to 109 percent of its rated power. 

This was the first time that a Space Shuttle Main EnSine (SSME) haa been 

run for an extended time at the full power level. 

for 610 seconds, of which 360 seconds were spent at the high thrust point. 

The test firing lasted 

78 
The SSME has a normal thrust level of ibout 470,000 pounds, but can be 

throttled tc higher levels if needed. Some cargo configupations planned 

for the Shuttle will require boost ttrusts of 102 percent to reach orbit, 

and the 109 percent level may bc nec.ed in certain emergency abort conditions. Most missions will be flowl, at the rated, or 100 percent, thrust 

1 eve1 . 

The successful test last week was a repeat of a test on March 24, when the 

engine Kas shut down automatlcally due to vibrations sensed in the engine's 

low pressure fuel pump. 

vibrations, and the test was successfully run March 31. 

No design changes were needed to correct the 

The engine used in the test had a1 ready accumulated inore than 10,000 

seconds of running time, the equivalent of about 19 Shuttle flights. 

engine has undergone two certification firing series, each of 5,000 

seconds. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 8, April 11, 1980, p 1 & 2) 

The 

o The annual Contractor Safety Awards Ceremony was held recently with 15 

awards for on-thP-job safety presented by Center Director Richard Smith to 

12 organizations. The awards were separated into three categories, recognizing different levels of safety performance. 

Accident prevention cert i f i cates honored those contractors who had no 1 ost - 

time injuries in the calendar year 1979. These were presented to: Bionetics Corporation, Bceing Aerospace Co. , Expedient Services, IBM-Cargo 

Integration Test Equipment, IBM-Launch Processing Systems, Martin MariettaSol d Rocket Booster Oecel erator Subsystems , Pan Am Occupational Mcdi ci ne & 

Environmental Health Services and TRW DDSG. 

Safety Awards of Distinction were presented to those contractors whose 

lost-time injury and accident rate was lower than the average for participating contractors. Those honored were: BSI, Supply & Transportation 

Services and Planning Research Corp. 

The Center Director's Award for safety is the highest obtainable and is 

presented to contractors wi ch no lost-time accidents or vehicle accidents. 

Recipients of this award were: Martin Marietta-CCMS Project and Martin 

Marietta-External Tank Operations. 

Contractors absent froin the ceremony but receiving awards included the 

Bionetics Corp., which received the Accident Prevention Certificate and the 

Center Director's Award and Mercury Engineering, Chimex Systems and Honeywe1 1 Information Systems, all receiving Accident Prevention Certificates. 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 8, April 11, 1980, p 5) 

79 
0 From its beginning in the Mercury Kedstone Project, the i?..erospace &#sreness 

Program has been used to communicate to NASA and industry employees the 

fact that they are working on critical hardware for man-rated vehicles 

carrying our nation's astronauts Into space. 

Today, in the Space Shuttle era, it is mre important tlan ever that everyone put forth maxiaum effort to ensure that design and performance criteria 

are met. 

hi gher performance, workmanshi p, and product i vi ty demands a dedicated , concerted effort by KSC contractors and NASA to implement an extenslve awareness/moti vation program. 

The ever-increasing need for constant awareness in the areas of 

Contractors Aerospace Awareness Panel 

Expedient Services, Inc. (€SI) John Bounous, Chairman 

Unified Services, Inc. (USI) John McManus, Vice ihai rmaq 

Rock.wel1 International (RI) Jane Beech, Recording Secretary 

Membership Roster 

Bionetics Corporation (TBC) 

Boeing Services International (BSI) 

Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) 

International Business Mach1 nes ( iBM) 

Management Services, Inc. (MSI) 

Martin Marietta Aerospace (MMC) 

McDonnel 1 Doug1 as Technical 

Services Co. (MDTSCO-SCD) 

McGregor i3 Werner (M&W) 

NASA/KSC Representative (PA-EAB) 

New World Services, Inc. (NWSI) 

P1 anni ng Research Corporation (PRC) 

Rocketdyne (ROC) 

United Space Boostevs, Inc. 

Wackenhut Services, Inc. 

Woody Tramel 

Vern Everson 

Johnny Richards 

Clarisse Mims 

Ed Schofield 

Bill Goodwin 

Bi 11 Webb 

Nelvin Coupe 

George Gnann 

Catherine Nai 1 

Janet Bonder 

George W. Coxwell 

Char1 es Cundi f f 

Johr! F1 anagan 

(Spaceoort News, Vol. 19, No. 8, April 11, 1980, p 3) 

o The pallets that will hold the experiments carried on the Space Shuttle's 

second and fourth flights were built by the Ecropean Space Agency. 

ever, when the U-shaped structures were delivered to KSC, the systems that 

provide thermal control, electrical power and that command and acquire data 

from the sophisticated experiments were not included. 

HowThat job, of outfitting the pallets wfth those essential systems and then 

checking them out to Iqake sure they work, belonged to YcDonnel: Douglas 

Techni cal Servi ces Company--Shuttl e Cargo Di vi si on (MDTSCO-SCD) 

80 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF PCOR QUALITY 

P,zcent:j., liil)TSr,O c.orrrp?eted staging and checkotit of the pa? iets and tGmi 

them over to the NASA Centers that will direct experiment integration-the 

Johnson Space Center for the GSTA-1 payload, and ,the Goddard Space Center 

for the OSS-1 package. 

OSTA-1, rJhich will fly or: Shuttle flight No. 2, will carry out Investigations for geological, oceanographic and agrlcultural purposes. OSS-1 wi 11 

fly on the Shuttle's fourth flight and provide early demonstrations and 

verification of the Shuttle's capabilities in space science, applications 

and techno1 ogy. 

Project Manager G. R. Faenaa did point out some key 2ersonnel who directed 

critical dreas of staging and checkout. 

Amorlg those were Jim Stofield, chief of Technical Operations, Structural/ 

Mechanical Engineering Chief Bob Gunn and Paul Elliott, manager of Assembly 

and Test activities. 

Johnny Daubs, and Johnny Outing and Nate Jones directed Logistics support. 

Two MDTSCO etnp? oyees, Sanford Proveaux and Hargis Branham, earned Silver 

Snoopy Awards for their work on the pallets. 

Heading up the Safety dnd Reliability effort was 

But KSC's MDTSCO team was not the only McDonnell Douglas people rwking on 

the pallets. Pushed by tight time = uirements, MDTSCO drew from the 

talents and resources of McDonnell Douilas Astronautics Co. (WAC) 

employees from around ihe country. People were pulled in few MDRC's Delta 

team at Complex 17 and Its TIC0 Plant in Titusville, as well as from the 

MDTSCO group in Huntsville, and MDTSCO's main office in Huntington Beach, 

Cali forni a. 

"It was a major team effort," said Faenza, an3 the result was the onschedule transformation of a bare, metal structure into fliqht hardware 

capable of control ling, cooling and providing power to experifients that 

will be among the first carried into space by the Shuttle. 

News, Vol. 19, No. 8, April 11, 1980, p 4) 

(Spaceport 

o The General Service Administration Motor Pool at KSC was recently selected 

to help conduct tests of one type of electric vehicle through life cycles 

which could last. for up to six years. GSA has received two of the batterypowered vans for KSC use and three more of this type are being tested by 

the GSA in Denver. 

The test is part of an ElectriclHybrid Vehicle Program being conducted 

under the auspices of the U. S. Departmc of Energy to reduce the importati on of petroleum. 

81 
The objective of the demonstration project is to identify, test and prove 

market sectors where electric vehicles can perform functions now accompl i shed by petroleum-fueled vehicles and establish the support structures 

necessary to support those markets. (NASA News Release No. 68-8C, April 

11, 1980) 

o The KissiRmee Spring Water Company, of Kissimnee, Fla., has won a contract 

with NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center to supply purified Mater for the 

Center's drinking fountains. 

The contract? estimated at $128,079, calls for over 17,000 five-gallm bottles of purified drinking water, to be distributed at remote locations 

throughout tne space center where tap water is unavailable. 

Release No. ;6-80, April 11, 1980) 

(NASA News 

o Technology and perfornance goals set by NASA for a follow-on propulsion 

system for Earth-To-Orbit Space Shuttle vehicles calls for at least a 

500-mission life with 1GO hours of engine operation beLween major overhauls, along with a 10 to 15 percent increase in performance over the Space 

Shuttle Main Engine. Work wil! be initiated in FY '81 on technology for 

extending thn 1 ife and performance of high-speed engine turbomachinery. 

Uork to date has centered on increas'ng the life and performance of combustion devices. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 30, Friday, April 11, 1980, 

P 223) 

April 14: The Bionetics Corporation, of Hampton, 'la., hti been awarded a 

$1,9O3,026 contr8:L extension for reference standards services and the 

calibration of instruments at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center. 

Bionetics, d small business firm, has the task of maintaining KSC measurement standards and calibrating all ter.tclr test equipment, assuring the 

ac:uracy of measurements during KSL operations. 

The cost-plus-fixed-fee contract extension covers the perioe May 1, 1980, 

tjrough April 30, 1431 and bring the total value of the contrict since it 

was initiated ir. 1976 to $6,474,882. (NASA News Release No. 71-30, April 

14, 1980) 

a2 
@RlBINAL PAGE IS 

WOR QUALITY 

o New World Services, Inc., of Orlando, Fla., his fl a contract for the 

operation of the library at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center. 

Under the $311,625 contract, New World Services will be responsible for 

the operation of the technical and reference library at KSC for the period 

from April 1, 1980, to March 31, 1981. The fixed price contract is one 

set-aside for award to a small business firm. 

72-80, April 14, 1980) 

(NASA News Release No. 

April 15: Eluding federal security guards, two armed bandits pulled the 

first robbery in the history of the Kennedy Space Center on Mnday when 

they held up a KSC filling station and escaped with $1,300 cash. 

The robbers, driving a blue Chevy van and armed witn a .38-cal iber pistcil , held up the station at noon. A flustered attendant fumbled for 15 minutes 

to notify National Aeronautics and Space Administration security guards 

while the two thieves ade their getaway. 

NASA officials said it was the first armed robbery at the spaceport. 

The bandits threatened Mike Hornak, 22, at gunpoint, then seized a cash box 

lying on one of the gasoline pumps. When the robbers drove away, Hornak 

tried to contact security officers, but reached a wrong number. 

"It was his first day an the job," Harris said, "He didn't know who to 

cail." (Sentine; Star, April 15, 2980, p C1) 

o Soyuz 35 cosmonauts, commander, Lt. Col . Leonid Popov, and flight engineer 

Valeriy Ryumin, joining up with the Salyut 6 space station last week, found 

the station ready for occupancy. 

Ryumin, who spent a record 175 days aboard the craft last year, reported it 

"absolutely in the same condition as we left it." 

Soyuz 35 docked with Salyut C at 8:16 PM April 10, Baikonur Cosmodrome 

time, 25 hours and 38 mintites after launch froin the Tyuratam-Leninsk complex. (Defense Daily, Vo . 109, No. 31, Monday, April 14, 1980, p 228) 

83 
o The Soviet Union Saturday launched another in a series of launch detection 

early warning satellites. 

launched from Plesetsk into an orbit of 637/40,160 kilometers, 62.3 

degrees, 12 hours 6 minutes. The spacecraft, which is possibly a backup to 

COS~QS 1164, another early warning satellite launched on Feb. 12, which may 

have malfunctiwed, was launched with an SL-6 booster system. 

Daily, Vol. 105, No. 32, Tuesday, April 15, 1980, p 236) 

Identified as Cosmos 1172, the s+acecraft was 

(Defense 

o Cosmos 1170, 1 aunched into a new high-resolutlon reconnai ssar:e/survei 1 - 

lance regime on April 1, in a rare high-inclination maneuver from Baikonur 

Cosmodrome instead of from Pl?setsk, was returned over the weekend after 

the usual 13-day mission. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 32, Tuesday, April 

15, 1980, p 236) 

o Analysis of the Voyager 1 and 2 photographs of Jupiter and its moons has 

confirmed that Ganymede, the largest moon of ' ,iter, is larger than the 

planet Nercury. 

According +G Rand Corp. ana?ysis, the diameter of Ganymede is 3278 ailes f 

12 miles, which compares to the 3100-mile diameter of Mercury. 

may aiso be larger than the planet Pluto, wnose diameter has recently been 

estimated at about 3000 miles. 

largest moon in the solar system. 

Titm, whose diameter is estimated Et 3624 miles. 

Ganymede 

The Jovian moon, however, is not the 

That distinction goes to Saturn's inom 

The fol?cwing are the latest estimates of the diameters of Jupiter's 

largest four mons, compared to estimates made last year and in 1976: 

1976 Current - _I_ 

1979 

Ganymede 

Callisto 

IO 

Europa 

327s f 12 3241 3160 

2994 t 12 3039 3000 

2256 f 6 2259 2180 

1942 t 12 1905 1830 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 32, Tuesday, April IE;, 1980, P 241) 

April 17: A Space Shuttle engine test in Bay St. Louis, Miss., was autbmatically shut down Wednesday when a turbo pump on one of the three engines 

overheated. 

84 
ClRlGfNAt PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUAW 

The test, scheduled to run 591 seconds, was stopped after about five 

seconds when a sensor detected the overheating. 

A small fire in an engine nozzle was quickly extinguished. 

there wasn't any extensive damage to either the engine or the test stand. 

(TODAY, Thursday, Aprll 17, 1980) 

Engineers said 

o Calling their suspensions "Wackenhut's vacation," Kennedy Space Center 

firefighters overwhelmingly ratified their contract with the company 

Wednesday by a 58-2 vote. 

Some of the 41 firefightzrs susper..-:.l without pay for their participation 

in a wildcat strike last iizonth sai- hey have accepted the discipline and 

voted for what they called a good wade agreement. (TODAY, Thursday, April 

17, 1981) 

o Modular Computer Systems, Inc., of Fort Lauderdale, Fla., has won a contract with NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center for the procurement of computer qui pent 

Under the $88,074 contract, ModCom will supply 12-back-up memory units 

which wi 11 support the Spaceport's Launch Frocessing System. 

will be used specifically in the Checkout, Control & Monitor Suosystem 

(CCMS), which is responsible for testing and mn!tcring the Space Shuttle 

as it is prepared for launch. The CCMS continuousiy monitors such systems 

as fuel supply, ignition, flight control and life support, testing thes and 

ensuring their readiness for actual f!ight. (NASA News Release I:u. 74-80, 

April 17, 1980) 

The units 

o The House Science & Technology Committee unanimously adopted by voice vote 

yesterday the $5,622,154 FY '81 authorization for NASA that had been recommended by 1 ts subcolmni ttees. 

At the same tim, the conmittee voted 30 to 1 with 1 abstention for the 

$300 million FY '80 supplemental for NAS for the Space Shuttle. Rep. 

Harold Volkmer (D-Mo.) voted no by proxy. 

voted present. 

Rep. Richard Ottinger (D-N.Y.) 

85 
The Get;l.srzy Specia 

.jump in pricz from 

$6,000 for '.he smd 

The FY '81 authorization approved by the cotinnittee Is $114.5 m In be OW 

the President's original budget re6est for NASA, but $104.5 mflllon above 

the revised budget submitted by the White House. 

No. 34, Thursday, April 17, 1980, p 251) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, 

o Space Shuttle Main Engine 1012004 was successtully test fired for 610 seconds 

at the National Space Technology Labordtories Monday, iricluding 360 seconds 

at 109 percent of rated power. 

engine to over 71,000 seconds, with 80,000 seconds required for certification. A firing of the three-engine SSME cluster is being readied at NSTL. 

(Defen;e Daily, Vol. 109, No. 34, Thursday, April 17, 1980, p 355) 

The test brings the firing time of the 

o Richard G. Smith, director of NASA's Kennedy Space Center since September, 

wi:l address the National Space Club at a luncheon meeting April 24 at the 

Rayburn House Office Building. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 33, Thursday, 

April 17, 1980, p 255) 

April 18: 

offered is forcing buyers to ask. for relief an6 NASA to rethink its pricing 

pol icy. 

Plans to double the cost of the most popular space payload yet 

s, small self-contained Space Shuttle payloads, we to 

$10,000 to $19,000 for the largest and from $3,000 to 

1 est. 

lhe Nat,onal Aeronautics and Space Administration says this is meant to 

cover inflation, but many buyers--civic clubs, schools, and individuals- 

--may have to drop their flight plans if this goos into -ffect. (Times 

Science, Sunday, April 18, 1980) 

April 21: New World Construction, Inc,, of Titusville, Fla., has been 

awarded a contract with NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center for repairs to 

the roof of the Launch Control Center at Complex 39. 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALm 

Under the $344,807 contract, New World will remove and replace the LCC's 

existing roof as well as apply a latex-type waterproof coating to protect 

the bullding's sensitive cmputer equipment from moisture. 

Release No. 76-80, Aprll 21, 1980) 

(NASA News 

o Tubesales Inc., of Forest Park, Ga., has won a contract with NASA's John 

F. Kennedy Space Center for the manufacture of steel tubing. 

Under the $252,760 contract, Tubesales will supply 156,000 linear feet of a 

specially designed corrosion-resi stant steel tubing in various sites. The 

tubing will be used primarily for high pressure gas and vent lines at 

Lamch Complex 39's Fad B. 

Upon its completion in 1982, Pad B will be used jointly with ?ad A - 

already fu;,ctional - as a launch site for the Space Shuttle. 

Both Complex 39 launch pads were used for space operations during Project 

Apollo and the Skylab program and are being modified for long-term roies In 

the Space Shuttle Frogra.;. (NASA News Release No. 77-80, April 21, 1980) 

o Indicating that he is mt satisfied with the manner in which the FY '81 

NAS; budget was revised nor with the size of the reduction, Chairman Edward 

P. Boland (0-Mt':s.) of the House HUD-?A Appropriations Subconmittee sounded 

out NASA Friday about the possibility of cancelling the International Solar 

"'7'7ar Mission [ISPM) and dF'aying such programs as the Space Telescope and 

barn@ Ray Observatory. 

NAY4 Administrator Dr. Robert Frosch opposed all of the changes suggested 

by tloland, explaining his reasons on a case by case basis, and concluded 

the hearing by urging that the revised NASA budget not be reduced any further. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 36, Monday, April 21, 1980, p 266) 

o The Soviet antisatellite flight test that had been anticipated for almost 

three weeks was unsuccessfully carried out Friday, April 18. 

Cosmos 1174, the space interceptor, was launched against the target 

vehicle, Cosmos 1171, launched 15 days earlier, !x failed to complete a 

successful intercept pass. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 36, Monday, April 

21, 1980, p 264) 

87 
o The Air Fort-- 

Space SW.t lir~ch pad at Vandenberg AFB will be $200 million, up from 

the $11L I- 1 iim estimate made three years ago. It attributes the cost 

increase ,d:larily to inflation. The Air Force reestimated the construction costs after industry proposals for the second phase of the construction effort were a minimum of $24 million over the Air Force estimate of 

$80 million. Air Force is expected to seek a reprogramming to keep the 

Shuttle pad on schedule. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 36, Monday, April 

21, 1980, p 269) 

-vi estimates that tile cost of completing construction of the 

o The Soviet space interceptor failure Friday was apparently due to a guidance failure. The intercept attempt by Cosmos 1174 was made on the first 

orbit. The interceptor and target remained in orbit. (Defense Daily, 

Vol. 109, No. 36, Monday, April 21, 1980, p 271) 

April 22: ESA and the French Space Agency are proceeding toaard the second 

launch of the Ariane launch vehicle from Kourou, French, Guiana, on May 20, 

which will mark the first launch of spacecraft by the li,rgely French-built 

vehicle. The Ariane carried a monitoring capsule rather than a satellite 

on its successful first mission four months ago. 

Ariane LO4 will orbit the Firewheel satellite, built by the Max Plank 

rnstitute of Germany to study the inagnetosphere, and Oscar 9, a spacecraft 

designed by the German Branch of the Radio Amateur Satellite Corp. for use 

by amateur radio users. 

The three stages of the LO-2 were erected at Kourou this month, with the 

equipment bay positioned on April 15. (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 37, 

Tuesday, April 22, 1980, p 277) 

April 23: Space S:.Jt;le Main Engine No. 2004, being tested at NASA's test 

facility in Mississippi, has now been static fired a total of 3 hours arid 

35 minutes (12,911 seconds) without major cverhaul. 

of pbcut 25 flights of the Space Shuttle. 

This is the equivalent 

This pltteau was reached late last Saturday night when the engine was 

static fired for 10 minutes and 10 secocds. iluring six minutes of this 

time, the engine ran at the 109 percent full power level, simulating poker 

levels necessary for an abort to crrbit during a Shuttle launch. 

88 
ORIGINAL PAGE rs 

OF POOR QUALm 

The Saturday test ended a series of three 10-minute static firings for full 

power level abort ceriification. 

the second on April 14. (Marshall Star, Vol. 20, No. 2, April 23, 1980, 

The first test occurred on March 31 and 

P 1) 

o NASA has issued a $70,072,000 follow-on, fixed price-incentive contract to 

the McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. , Huntington Beach, California, for 

Delta expendable launch vehicle services. 

The contract calls for continuation for two years of launch services work 

performed by the company for the past 19 years for Delta, including 

mi ssion-pecvli ar vehicle changes checkout and 1 aunch. 

The services will be performed at the McDonnel1 Douglas plant in Huntington 

Beach, and at the Eastern Space and Missile Center, Fla., and Vandenberg 

AFB, Calif., launch sites. 

To date, the Delta has been used to launch 151 weather, comnunications and 

scientific satellites, both foreign and domestic, government and comercial, of which 140 were successful. (NAFA News Release No. 80-53, April 23, 

1980) 

o NASA pians to use a 36-i~ch-diameter telescope on its C-14: aircraft to 

study \he performance of the Space Shuttle Orbiter's Thermal Protection 

Systei? ciles ii the Orbiter reenters the Earth's atmospbre. 

This will provide the first actual analysis of air friction on a returning 

spacecraft and may allow NASA to reduce the weight of the TPS by "several 

ttlcxand pounds," according to Martin Marietta's Denver Division, which is 

providing the measurement device, known as IRIS (Infrared Imaging of 

Shuttle). 

s i mu 1 at i on s . 

Previous reentry heating data has been based on wind tunnel 

An IRIS tracking device munted on the telescope will locate the Shuttle 

durino its high speed reentry and trigger the recording instruments in the 

aircraft, which have only a fraction of a secocld te gather data. (Defense 

Daily, Vol. 109, No. 39, Uednesday, April 23, 1880, p 282) 

89 
April 24: More than 200 officials from 21 couitries are expected to attend 

the international colloquium on the "Economic Effects of Space and Other 

Advanced Technolagies" to be held April 28-30 in Strasbourg, France, under 

the sponsorship of the European Space Agency and the iouis Pasteur 

University under the aegis of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of 

Europe. Among the topics to be discussed are the impact of NASA R&D expenditures on technological innovation and the economy (Dr. Hsnry R. Hertzfeld, NASA-Headquarters); the economic effects of ESA contracts; the economic potential of a European space program in the 1980's; the need for 

large-scale iniclatives (Dr. Klaus P. Heiss, ECON Inc.), and the importance 

of space activities within a diversified industrial group (Matra). (Defense 

Daily, Vol. 109, No. 29, Thursday, April 24, 1980, p 291) 

April 25: The appointment of Joseph Malaga to the newly-created position of 

Comptroller, and the establishment of a directorate of Center Support Operations headed by William Lohse, was announced recently by KSC Director 

Pichara Smith. 

"will enable Center management to make those decisions required to assure 

orderly transition into the operational phase of Shuttle." 

"These two changes to the KSC Organization," said Smith, 

As Comptroller, Malaga will serve as the principle advisor to the Center 

Director on matters of integrated funding for planning, strategy development, and pol icy recomnendations regarding agency and Center resources. 

Malaga will also have the responsibility of providing an independent analysis of and the forma: kter overview for resources activities to achieve 

the balanced and effective use of all funds, includfng program and institutional resources, and the execution of Center level decisions. The office 

will include resources and financial activities as well as other selected 

functions. 

Prior to this appointment, Malaga wis Director of Admiristration and 

Management Operations, a position he hela since January 1975. Dallas 

Gillespie, who hell? the position cf Chief of th;. Resources Management 

Office, will be the Deputy Comptroller. 

The Directorate of Center Support Operations, under Lohse. will replace t:ie 

Directorate of Adrninistratlon dd Management Opera ions. 

proc,. mnt, supply and transportation, and Center support rail ufider the 

new directorate and will continue without change. Selected activities of 

an institutic-a1 nature will also be moved into th s dii-ectorat- in keep'ng 

with the "enter's long-range objtztives of self-su ficiency fop eietxent 

contractors in the operztiona? SIiJttle era. 

T-e functions of 

90 
, -. 

Lohse had been the Director, Procurement, Supply and Transportation since 

February 1976. Robert Long, previously the Director, Adminlstrative Operations and Support Services, will serve as the Deputy Director of the Center 

Support Operations Directorate. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 9, April 25, 

1980, p 1-2) 

o A fact finding team from the Nrlclear Regulatory Commission, headed by 

Commissioner Joseph Hendrie, visited KSC recently to discuss ways that 

desi gn techniques and operati on procedures devel oped here to 1 aunch and 

process rockets might be put to use to assure the safe construction and 

operation of nuclear power plants. 

The four-member group consisting of Commissioner Hendrie, Ron Satterfield, 

Voss Moore and Dominic Tondi, spent two days here listening to detailed 

briefings on virtually a1 1 aspects of Center activities. Design Engineering Deputy Henry Paul presented the group with a Center overview, followed 

by oriefings on the Launch Processing System by Terry Greenfield and Bill 

Bailey; KSC operations by Roy Lealman; the Complex Control System by Lewis 

Boyd (BSI); and design techniques and system assurance by Don Page. 

Hendrie said in an interview following the two-day visit, that KSC is using 

various procedures and systems that show potential for use in the nuclear 

,ndustry. Cot trol roan technology is one example. 

Similarly for the nuclear industry and the space program, there is a central place--the control room, or firing room as KSC calls it--where all 

critical systems are monitored and controlled; whether it's a system to 

keep watch on temperatures in a cooling tower or to monitor pressures when 

loading propellants aboard a space vehicle. 

hazardous materi a1 s in a hi ghly-re1 i able manner is essenti a1 . (Spaceport 

News, Vol. 19, No. 9, April 25, 1980, p 3) 

In both cases, handling 

April 28: Space shuttle launch delays have cost the comnercisl communications satellite industry on the order of $0.5 billion due largely to the 

need of some satellite systems to use more costly expendable boosters to 

meet previously set launch schedules, according to industry officials. 

Shuttle delays have caused reassessment of ldunch plans for a large, 

14-ft.-dia. communications satellite for military use that is capable of 

being launched only by the shuttle. In addition, shuttle schedule slips 

are partially responsible for the current doubling of the production rate 

91 
of McDonnell Douglas Delta expendable boosters and development of the 

upgraded Delta model 3920--derpi te some resistance from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 

Clay T. Whitehead, president of Hughes Comunicatlons, Inc., a subsidiary 

of Hughes aircraft Co., said the industry is upset over shuttle schedule 

uncertainties because companies do not know whether they will have to pay 

for a shuttle or an expendable booster launch. (Aviation Week & Space 

Technology, Vol. 112, No. 17, April 28, 1980, p 18) 

o Soviet antisatellite test flown Apr. 18 will intensify Defense Dept. and 

congressional pressure on the Carter Administration to decide upon deployment of a U.S. antisatellite system, a decision the President has been 

delaying pending the course of currently stalled antisatellite limitation 

talks with the USSR. 

Russian killer satellite Cosmos 1,174 exploded in space April 20, two days 

after failing to make an accurate intercept of its Cosmos 1171 target. 

deliberate explosion Is like those commanded by the Soviets on several 

previous antisatellite missions, when they desired to test the vehicle’s 

shrapnel kill mechanism well away from the target satellite. (Aviation 

Week & Soace Technology, Vol. 112, No. 17, April 28, 1980, p 20) 

The 

92 
ORIGIqAL PAGE Yj 

OF POOR QUALITY 

Mqy 1980 

May 1: The James A. Oberlin firm of Maitland, Fln., has won a contract to 

modify heating and air conditioning systems in major spacecraft assembly 

and checkout buildings here. The modifications are expected to save 

significant amounts of energy compared to the existing system. 

Under the $726,000 fixed-price contract, Oberlin will modify intake air 

mixing boxes, ductwork and some air conditioning controls in the Operations 

and Checkout Building in the industrial area of the space center. The 

building is used for the assembly and checkout. of such large Space Shuttle 

payloads as the European Space Agency's Spacelab. (NASA News Release No. 

82-80) 

o ''1 hoped to appear here today and tell you that the Shuttle had flown, but 

I'll do that next year," said John Yardley, NASA's associate administrator, 

at Weexsday's Space Congress. 

Yardley's mood of apologetic optimism was shared by most of those who spoke 

at the Cocoa Beach Symposium on the status of the Space Shuttle = now more 

than two years behind schedule. 

"The (spaceship) Columbia is havlng the same problems that all the vehicles 

of this complexity had," Yardley said. "There are one or two big problems, 

and we have a lot of small problems. And believe me, the small problems 

are taking just as much time as the big problems . . . I'm ncrt sure we have 

enough engineers to get this thing certified in time to fly it. 

ress is not as fast as I'd like to have it, but it Is steady,'' he said. 9 TODAY, Thursd.ry, May I, 1980) 

The proo As a commercial venture, the space shuttle probably won't begin breaking 

even until 1985, a high-ranking NASA official said Wednesday at the 17th 

Space Congress. 

Chester Lee, head of Space Transportation System Uti 1 ization, said the 

space agency will lose millions of dollars during the first 40 flights 

flown by the orbiter. The shuttle won't begin making money until its 

fourth year of operation, when rates escalate for commercial and foreign 

customers, Lee said. (Sentinel Star, Thursday, May 1, 1980) 
ORIGINAL Fhi:: 25 

OF POOR QUALlm 

My 2: The three main engines of the Space Shclttle Columbia, now at Kennedy 

Space Center, will be shipped back to Mississippi for retesting, a 

precaution that should not affect the timing of the Shuttle's first launch, 

NASA officials say. 

Officials Thursday annoumed the decision to send the engines back to the 

National Space Technology Laboratories at Bay St. Louis, Miss. for 

"reacceptance firings" that should take three months to complete. 

They hastened to reassure members of congressional science comnittees that 

the additional tests would not mean another delay in the Shuttle's maiden 

run into outer space, now scheduled between this November and next March. 

(TODAY, Friday, May 2, 1980) 

o The Soviet Union has launched a new spy satellite into space, apparently 

equipped to monitor U.F. ship movements in the troubled Persian Gulf 

region, American officials said Thursday. 

Administration sources, confirming the launch from an undisclosed site, 

said a complaint would be registered with the United Nations Outer Space 

Committee where the Soviets have stymied efforts by the United States to 

reach an international agreement concerning reconnaissance sate1 1 i tes. 

The satellite, launched Tuesday, is a twin of the one carrying a nuclear 

reactor that crashed in Canada, (TODAY, Friday, May 2, 1980) 

o Beech Aircraft Corporation, of Boglder, Colo., has been awarded a 

$2,504,750 contrnii to furnish a fuel cell servicing system to support 

1 auncil operat! ons at Vandenberg Ai r Force Base i n Lompoc, Cal if. 

News Release No. 79-80, May 2, 1980) 

(NASA 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a corltract to Atlantic 

Technical Services, of Longwood, Fla., to provide mail services, 

Under the $755,000 contract, Atlantic Technical Services wi 11 be 

responsible for the operation of the postal and in-hour? distribution 

serviczs for the entire space center.' (NASA News Release No. 80-80, May 2, 

1980) 

94 
Q NASA has decided to retest the three Space Shuttle Main Engines for the 

Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia because of the number of modifications that 

have been made to the engines since they were acceptance tested In AprilJuly 1979. The agency said the decision to ship the engines from Kennedy 

back to the National Space Technology Laboratories will not affect the 

schedule for the launch of the Columbia, planned between Nov. 30, 1980, and 

March 31, 1981. The three engines will be shipped indlvidually to NSTL in 

the near future, where they are currently scheduled to undergo one long 

mated test. After being returned to KSC and installed in the Columbia, the 

engines are scheduled to be test fired for 20 seconds on the pad about six 

weeks prior to launch. (3efense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 2, May 2, 1980, p 16) 

May 4: The Space Shuttle's powerful rocket engines will not only ?rope1 men 

and materials into space, but the engines' exhausts will leave imprints 

here on earth -- in and around Kennedy Space Center. 

Space center scientists are studying the mztter, and William Knott, 

biological sciences offir .r with NASA, explained why last week at the 17th 

Space Congress in Cocoa Beach. 

"The exhaust from the solid rocket motor will provide pollutants in the 

atmosphere that wi I1 affect air and water quality at KSC" and may affect 

weather conditions in the area and/or may damage living things, Knott said. 

In order to assess any damage caused by the pollutants, NASA has been 

s'udying the local environment to determine present conditions so that 

post-launch comparisons can be made. TODAY, Sunday, May 4, 1980) 

May 5: President Carter has prxiaimed the week beginning Ma) . , 1980 h4 

Asian/Par'f!c American Heritage Week. 

and ethnic groups frsi many lands, whose contributions can be found in all 

areas of cur societye 

awareness and appreciate the accompl I shments of Asi an/Paci fic Americans. 

(Ftemo from R. G. Smith to all KSC Civil Service Emplopes, Subj.: 

Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week, May 5, 1980) 

America is composed of many racial 

This week was designated so we can increase our 

95 
.. 

-.i"+. . 

ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QtlAun 

Hqy 7: Yugoslavia is planning its first venture into space - aboard 

America's Space Shuttle. The Tito I, named in honor of former Yugoslavian 

President Josip Broz Tito, will be sponsored by a Yugoslavian industry 

group led by INA, the country's major oil producer. And the experiment 

will be the first time that Yugoslavia has sent anything into space, a 

Yugoslavian consul affirmed in New York City. 

o A qysterious shadow in a picture snapped by the Voyager 1 spacecraft has 

led to the discovery of a 15th moon in orbit around the planet Jupiter, 

NASA reported Tuesday. 

It is the second new satellite located by the pair of Voyagers that swept 

past the planet last year. The other was found by scientists in a photo 

taken by Voyager 2. 

The new satellite, temporarily designated 1979 52, was identified by Dr. 

Stephen P. Synnott of the Voyager Optical Navigation Team at NASA's Jet 

Propul si on Laboratory, Pasadena, Cal i f . (TODAY, Wednesday, %y 7, 1980) 

o Rep. George E. Brown Jr. (D-Calif.), a member of the House Space 

Subcommittee, has called for the establishment of an international agency 

to monl tor satel 1 i tes to bar the deployment of anti satel 1 i te systems 

(ASAT'S). (Defense Daily, Vol. 109, No. 34, Wednesday, May 7, 1980, p 34) 

o "Overali we are continuing to monitor the steady growth in foreign 

government investment in space activities. 

result in increased competition as well as in further cooperative 

opportunities. For example last December ESA successfully tested the 

Ariane vehicle (At 1 as-Centaur class), Japan is devel oping an advanced 

version cf the N vehicle (Delta class) and India last sumner fircd with 

partial success its initial 4LV-3 (Scout class). I believe such 

cowetitive challenges to U.S. leadership are predictable and natural 

outcomes of the growing experience and interest with space around the 

world. They are a reminder that to stay ahead we need to maintain a 

vigorous program". NASA Administrator Dr. Robert A. Frosch, April 1980. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 109, tio. 34, Wednesday, May 7, 1980, p 37) 

In some instances this will 

96 
IQy 9: The Carter Admlnlstration says an actlve Unlted States antlsatelllte 

developlllent program Is currently a necesslty for strateglc stab1 llty and 

untll the Sovlets agree to a ban on ASAT deployment, the U.S. "pldns to 

maintaln a vigorous ASAT development program. " 

In Its FY 1981 arms Impact statement to Congress, the Admlnistration 

explains that the U.S. ASAT program wlll provide not only a hedge against 

fallure to reach an agreement on these weapons, but also "Indlcates U.S. 

determlnation not to permlt a Sovlet antlsatelllte system monopoly." 

The U.S. ASAT program Is a major part of the Pentagon's Space Defense 

program, with a total requested fundlng of $249.5 million In FY 1981 and an 

estlrnated $283.4 mllllon In FY 1982, dlrected toward the development of 

conventional and advanced ASAT Interceptor system, space survlvabll ity , space survel 1 lance, space defense operations and conrnand and control. 

(Defense D?lly, Vol. 110, No. 7, May 9, 1980, p 48) 

o The Senate Coanrlttee on Comerce, Science L Transportation yesterday 

approved a $5,569,854,000 FY '81 authorization for NASA, $52.2 mllllon 

above the Presldent's revised request and $52.3 million below the amount 

approved by the House Sclence and Technology Conmiittee. 

The Senate cmlttee also approved the $300 rtllllon FY '80 supplemental for 

the Space Shuttle as did the House comlttee. 

expected to be approved by the approprlations cotiilllttees, prlmarily because 

of the need to have the Shuttle In time to launch DO0 intelllgence 

mlsslons. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 7, Friday, May 9, 1980, p 52) 

The supplemental Is also 

o The Sovlet Union launched Coslnos 1178, a reconniassance/survei 1 lance 

satellite from Plesetsk on Wednesday, May 7, putting the satellite into an 

lnitlal orbit of 207/417 kilometers, 72.9 degrees, 90.4 minutes. (Defense 

Daily, Vol. 110, No. 7, Frlday, May 9, 1980, p 54) 

o The FY '80 budget cutting amendment proposed by Sen. Rudy Boschwltz 

(R-Hinn.) and defeated 55 to 27 by the Senate Tuesday would have, among 

other things, cut $400 millton in budget authority and $200 milllon in 

outlays from General Science, Space d Technology -- elidnatlng room for 

the $300 mllllon supplemental for the Space Shuttle. 

110, No. 7, Frlday, May 9, 1980, p 54) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 

97 
Hay 11: Dr. Wubbo Ockels, physicist from the Netherlands and one of the 

three Europeans training to be an astronaut, spoke at the 14th annual 

Patriot's Ow, held at Freedom 7 Elementary School In Cocoa Beach My 2. 

"Without the United States, it would never be possible to fly a man into 

space and I thank you and hope you have a very nlce future," the sclentist 

told a crowd of students, parents and Brevard County officials. 

Ockels did his basic research at a nuclear physics laboratory in Europe. 

"We have built the space lab going up," Ockels said, "and the lab was given 

to NASA in exchanye for the allowing a European to go along. 

"It was a billion-dollar project with 10 member countries of the European 

Space Agency contributing to the lab. West Gemany was the major 

contributor with over 50 percent of the cost given by them. 

percent, France 10 percent, and the smaller countries combined to pay 6 

percent. I' 

Italy gave 18 

The other two Ewopean astronauts in training are Ulf Merbold, a 

solid-state physicist from West Germany, and Claude Nicollier, an 

astronomer from Switzerland. Ockels, who has been stationed in Cologne, 

Nest Germany, has a family in Bonn, Nest Germany, and has had to travel to 

various sites during his training. 

Dr. Ockels spoke to the outdoor gethering, along wiih Dr. Judith Resnick, 

NASA astronaut, and Mrs. Gail Van Ormer, principal of Freedom 7 School. 

(Sentinel Star, Sunday, May 11, 1980) 

Nay 12: NASA and the European Space Agency, who will equally share the 

experiment weight on the Spacelab I mission, have selected a total of 37 

scientific experiments for the mission, which is scheduled in late 1982. 

Each side has been allocated 3062 pounds of experiments. 

24 experiments; NASA, 13, from a list of experiments identified several 

years ago for definition and devel opinent. However, three NASA-sponsored 

experiments and a major EM facility that were under development had to be 

deferred and will be assigned to subsequent Spacelab flights. Deferrals 

were necessary primdri ly because the mdss of the experiments exceeded 

available volume. 

ESA has selected 

98 
Experiments are in the areas of: 

observations; 2) space plasm physlcs; 3) material sciences and technology; 

4) astronoqy and solar physlcs; and, 5) life sciences. (Defense Dally, 

Vol. 110, No. 8, Monday, May 12, 1980 p 58) 

1) atmospheric physics and Earth 

IQy 13: The House Appropriations Coianittee, acting on the recoamendations of 

its HUD-IA Subconmuittee, has approved the $300 milliion FY '80 supplemental 

for the Space Shuttle that NASA has said it must hawe by June to keep the 

Shuttle on schedule, but at the same time has made a $15 million reclsion 

in the agency's FY'80 budget in order to terminate the NASA/ESA 

International Solar Polar Mission (ISPM). 

Subcomlttee cha!mn Edward P. Boland (0-Mass.) has suggested the ISPM 

termination during hearings on the NASA budget last month. 

The ISM earlier took the brunt of President Carter's $219 million FY '81 

budget rev1 sion for NASA 0- a di rect reduction of $43 mi 11 ion and a 

tno-year delay. 

14: Industrial Steel Inc., of Mints, Fla., has won a $740,000 contract 

with NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center to supply a set of two tail 

service masts for a Space Shuttle mobile launcher platform. 

Release No. 81-80, May 14, 1980) 

(NASA News 

15: NASA experts are considering removing and strengthening every heat 

protection tile on the spaceship Columbia that has not already been removed 

and treated, NASA officials said Wednesday. 

As many as 10,000 tiles could be invoived. 

Such a decision would likely delay the first scheduled launch of the Space 

Shuttle by months. 

1980, is alreajy mre than two years behind schedule. 

May 15, 1980) 

The first launch, expected no sooner than November 

(TODAY, Thursday, 

99 
ORIGINAL PAGE Is 

OF POOR QUAlm 

o 'I. . . Since government supposedly exists because there is a problem that 

needs solving, solving the problem can be the fastest way to end the life 

of a given agency. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was 

considered the star among bureaucracies in the 1960's. It received all the 

money it needed and was lavished in publicity and compliments. Once it had 

succeeded in landing a man on the Moon it was destined for oblivion. Today 

NASA has to fight for its life and suffers from both obscurity and budget 

cuts. Such are the rewards for success in Washington" -- Rep. John 

Ashbrook (R-Ohio), Hay 7, 1980. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 11, 

Thursday, May 15, 1980, p 80) 

nSy 16: NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a contract to the 

R. C. Cowan Construction Co., Cocoa, for re-paving the Saturn Causeway. 

Under the $232,000 fixed-price contract, Cowan Construction wi 11 prepare, 

pave and repaint approximately 5.4 miles of two-and-four-lane roadway. 

causeway runs from just west of the Vehicle Assembly Building to Launch 

Complex 39's Pad A and Pad 8. The contract is one set-aside for a small 

business firm in a labor surplus area. 

60 calendar days. 

The 

The work is to be completed within 

(NASA News Release No. 86-80, May 16, 1980) 

o NASA has decided that the retesting of the three Space Shuttle Main Engines 

for the Shuttle Orbiter Columbia will consist of a single 520-second static 

test of each engine. The first engine, t2007, will be test fired late this 

month, followed by #2006 in mid-June and P2005 in late June. 

be conducted on two test stands at the National Space Technology 

Laboratories In Mississippi by Rocketdynk, priine contractor for the 

engines. 

that have been made to the engine as a result of continuing testing. 

Maiden launch of the Shuttle is expected in February. 

Vol. 110, No. 12, Friday, May 16, 1980, p 86) 

Testing will 

The retesting was ordered because of the number of modifications 

(Defense Daily, 

May 18: 

a "one-in-a-million" chance that any of the space shuttle Columbia's tiles 

will fall off in flight, but the agency is proceeding with a daring scheme 

for repairing the tiles in earth orbit, just in case. 

The aational Aeronautics and Space Administratlon says there is only 

Using a modernized version of the one-man "backpack" gas-jet propulsion 

unit first used on the Skylab missfon, NASA hopes it will be possible for 

the shuttle crew to do as much as 10 hours of in-fltght repair rJork. 

100 
CRIGINX PA:::=' is 

GF PO% QGALfY'6 

By locking the unit to the side of the shuttle orbiter and using a speclal 

tile repafr kit, authorities say that an astronaut may be able to patch a 

maximum of 60 silicon-fiber tiles with material about the consistency of 

caulking compound. 

Although the space agency intended to use one of the "manned lmeuvering 

units," or MMUs, on later shuttle missions, it didn't begin making plans to 

adapt it for tile repairs until problems with the shuttle's thermal 

protection system became apparent 1 ast year. 

The loss of a single tile would not necessarily doom the orbiter, but there 

are a number of sensitive locations on the craft where engineers say a lost 

tile could spell disaster. (The Miami Herald, Sunday, May 18, 1980) 

IQy 19: Arnold Brothers Construction, Inc., of Cocoa, Florida, has won a 

contract with NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center for the construction of 

air conditioning facilities. 

Under the $55,951 fixed-price contract, Arnold Brothers b 

cooling towers which support the air conditioning system 

L Checkout Building and the Central Instrumentation Facil 

Release No. 87-80, May 19, 1980) 

11 rebuild two 

of the Operations 

ty. (NASA News 

o clohn 3. Neilon, graduate of Manchester High School West and St. Anselm's 

College in Manchester, New Hampshire, was awarded the Outstanding 

Achievement hard recently in the awards ceremony of the 17th Annual Space 

Congress in Cocoa ijeach, Fla. 

The Canaveral Council of Technical Societies, host of the yearly symposium, 

honors an individual each year for outstanding contributions to the 

aerospace industry. The 1980 award jointly honors Neilon, Manager of the 

Cargo Projects Office at the Kennedy Space Center, and Major Robert Peters, 

U. S. Air Force. 

In a citation accompanying the award, Neilon was praised for "outstanding 

achievement in Space Shuttle Cargo Program management, through the 

establishment and direction of the John F. Kennedy Space Center's Cargo 

Project Office. I' 

101 
Neilon's responsibilities at KSC include the planning and management of 

payloads which will be carried into earth orbit by the Space Shuttle. 

These payloads will range from the European-built Spacelab, a 

self-contained 1 aboratory, to comnications and scientific sate1 1 i tes, 

planetary probes, and upper stages to boost some payloads into higher earth 

orbits or into planetary trajectories. 

19, 1980) 

(NASA News Release No. 88-80, May 

o The Soviet Union added two more Cosmos satellites to its space operations 

last week, one a geophysical spacecraft and the other a possible 

malfunctioning nav:gation mission. 

what is usually the nawigation regime, but with an unusual elliptic orbit 

suggesting a malfunction. 

310/1570 kilometers, 83.0 degrees, 103.5 minutes. The following day, May 

15, P1 eset sk put a geophysical pay1 oad into a 240/296-ki 1 ometer , 62.8-degree, 89.8-minute orbit. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 13, Monday, 

May 19, 1980, p 97) 

On May 14, Cosmos 1179 was sent into 

The Plesetsk mission was put into an orbit of 

May 22: The Columbia has a new problem. And this time it's not the tiles. 

It's because of the tiles. 

Recent tests indicate that the aluminum substructure is not strong enough, 

and technicians out at Kennedy Space Center are crawling around inside the 

spaceship strengthening the Columbia's thin aluminum skin. 

It's not that the Columbia might break i? half during flight. Rather, 

engineers fear that its thin aluininuin skin might start ripping as the 

Columbia plummets through the atmosphere at more than 16,000 miles per 

hour. 

And if the orbiter's skin bends and flexes too much, the vehicle's fragile 

heat-resistant tiles could crack up or come flying off. 

are glued to the vehicle's aluminum surface, are designed to protect the 

spaceship from the heat of re-entry. 

The tiles, which 

(TODAY, Thursday, May 22, 1980) 

102 
t?..:. '..: ,'Li 

GF PC?R Qt lA.-!. : ,?: t--r 

Mqy 23: Citing continued problems with the space shuttle's heat tiles, NASA 

has delayed the date for the spaceship's first test flight from Nov. 30 to 

March 1981. 

The space agency also announced Thursday that the shuttle's first 

"operational" mission, planned to open a new age of space coimerce, has 

been rescheduled from March 1982 to September 1982. 

Friday, Hay 23, 1980) 

(Sentinel Star, 

o The Space Shuttle's three main engines were shipped to the Natlonal Space 

Technology Laboratories (NSTL) earlier this month for retesting. The 

decision to refire the engines was made due to modifications to the engines 

since their initial flight validation. 

The initial firings taok place during the second quarter of 1979, and 

consisted of three firing runs of 1.5, 100 and 520 seconds duration for 

each engine. 

obtain more data. 

Some additional firings were required either as retests or to 

To date, the three engines have accumulated firing time totals of 701 

seconds on engine 12005 (4 tests), 621 seconds on engine f2006 (3 tests), 

and 1,072 seconds on #2007 (7 tests). All firings were done at NSTL. 

Since those firings, the engines have been installed in the orbiter, but 

were later removed for additional modifications to various components. The 

engine steerhorn assemblies were nickel plated as one such modification in 

response to suspected improper welding wl re use. Later, engine turbopumps 

were removed for modifications by the manufacturer, and other items were 

either improved or rep1 aced. 

The retest procedures call for a single firing run for each engine, for a 

duration of 520 seconds at a maximum power level of 100 percent of rated 

thrust. The firing schedule is planned to allow all three engines to be 

returned to KSC by the end of July. 

requalification tests is expected to occur near the end of May, with the 

fol lowing two runs at approximately two week intervals. 

Vol. 19, No. 20, May 23, 1980, p 1) 

The first firing in the 

(Spaceport News, 

103 
OR\GlNAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALm 

o Exemplifying NASA's statement of support for National Guard, Reserve and 

other United States forces, two KSC employees are serving on duty during 

the Cuban sea lift. 

Affairs, have gone to the opposite ends of the state for the same purpose; 

they will be assisting in the sorting and processlng of Cuban refugees. 

Natalie Leslie and Roland Raab, both of Public 

Leslie, a secretary in Education Awareness Branch and a reserve in the 

U.S. Coast Guard, was sent to the Coast Guard Station in Key West. She is 

working as a cook, fixing meals for hundreds of seamen and refugees alike, 

as they arrive at the base. She has also worked serving citations to local 

shrimpers who violate mar4 time statutes. 

Leslie reports that she has never before seen such cooperation and 

teamwork, nor has she seen people work so hard for so long. She also 

relates the emotional experience of seeing the reactions of the refugees 

when they realize that their journey is finally over and that they have 

reached the United States. 

Public Affairs officer Raab is serving at Eglin AFB at a downtown press 

center to assist with the massive press interest in the Cuban situation. 

The Fort Ualton Beach center has been filled wtth press from all over the 

country since the beginning of the program, and media interest has not 

slackened. Raab was called to active duty by the Air Force Reserve for two 

weeks. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 20, May 23, 1980, p 1) 

104 
0 

ORIGINAL FA.:,: ;*-; 

OF POOR QUALT.2' 

THE WHITE HOUSE 

WASHINGTON 

APRIL 11, 1980 

To Bob Frosch 

I want to congratulate the National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration on receiving the first Udall/Derwtnski Award 

for excellence in civil service reform implementation. 

Civil service reform is the most effective method we have 

for bringing better management and increased productivity 

to the Federal Government, and sincere thanks go to the 

men and women of your agency for the exemplary role they 

have played in making that reform a reality. 

The leadership and professionalism demonstrated by NASA in 

establishing its Senior Executive Service and in designating and 

administering performance appraisal systems are helping to 

ensure the suicess of such programs throughout Government . My congratulatiorls on a job weli done. 

Sincerely , 

Original signed by 

Jinqy Carter 

The Honorable Robert A. Frosch 

Admi n i st rat or 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Washington, D.C. 20546 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 20, May 23, 1980, p 3) 

105 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALm 

o Because of continuing problems with the Space Shuttle's thermal protection 

system, NASA announced yesterday that the most probable time for the maiden 

launch of the Shuttle is now March 1981 instead of February 1981, and at 

the same time announced that the operational flights of the Shuttle have 

been delayed from March 1982 to September 1982. 

The agency said it hopes to complete the four Orbital Flight Tests of the 

Shuttle by April 1982. The first operational flight in September 1982 is 

slated to launch the first Tracking & Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-A). 

said it was pushing back the operational flights in order to provide more 

time for engineering during the Orbital flight Tests and to provide a 

smooth and structured transition to the operational flights. 

NASA 

As a result of the de:ay in operational Shuttle flights, NASA said it would 

employ Delta 3910 and 3920 vehicles for certain of its missions, as would 

Telesdt, Indonesla and Hughes, other scheduled early users of the Shuttle. 

The agency is considering modification of Pad 17-8 at the Cape to 

accomnodate the Delta 3900 series. 

The agency wi 11 hold a conference for Shuttle users May 29-30 at Kennedy 

Space Center to discuss the outlook and schedule for Shuttle availability. 

NASA has said that the earliest it could launch the Shuttle is Nov. 30, 

1980. (Defense Daily, Vol. 

110, No. 17, Friday, May 23, 1980, p 123) 

Presumably that is now early January 1981. 

May 27: The announcement last week that the first launch of a Space Shuttle 

carrying a major payload has slipped six months Is prompting a meeting 

Thursday and Friday at Kennedy Space Center of Shuttle users. 

NASA headquarters has scheduled a Space Transportation Users conference to 

discuss the latest delay. 

The agenda includes discussions of the Space Shuttle schedule, alternate 

launch vehicles, insurance arrangements, other components of the Space 

Transportation System and a rundown of payloads. 

1980) 

(TODAY, Tuesday, May 27, 

106 
ORIGINAL' PAQE LS 

OF POW 0L)ALLYY 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded Belko Steel Corp., Orlando, 

Fla., a $199,080 contract for holddown posts whlch support and restrain the 

Space Shuttle vehlcle on its transportable launch platform. 

Release No. 94-80: May 27, 1980) 

(NASA News 

o The first stage of the three-stage ESA/CNES Ariane launch vehicle falled in 

Ariane's second test Friday at Kourou, French Gulana, and the vehicle 

plunged into the Atlantic Ocean. 

The predominantly French-built launch vehicle performed perfectly in its 

maiden flight in December from Kourou, the first of four tests planned to 

demonstrate the reliability of the vehicle before declaring it operational. A competitor to the U.S. Space Shuttle for a large number of missions, 

the basic Ariane is designed to place an 870-kg payload into geosynchronous 

orb1 t. 

Seven seconds into Friday's launch, one of the four SEP-built Viking-5 

engines which powers the first stage of Ariane experienced fluctuatlons in 

power and at 60 seconds Its power dropped to zero. Forty seconds later the 

malfunction of the first engine impacted the other three engines, which had 

to that time been operating properly, and the vehicle plummeted Into the 

At1 anti c. 

In addition to a technology monitoring capsule, the Ariane LO-2 carried two 

satel 1 i tes -- the 1105-kg Fi rewheel magnetospheric moni torlng satel 1 ite 

built by the Max Plank Institute of West Germany, and the 92-kg Oscar-9 

satel 1 i te provided by Amsat-Germany. 

€SA and CNES have said that two successes will be needed to declare Ariane 

operational. 

134) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 18, Tuesday, May 27, 1980, p 

Mqy 28: Rather than reject some Space Shuttle test equipment that didn't 

meet thei r standards, off i cia1 s at Kennedy Space Center reduced the 

standards so the equipment would pass, an internal space agency audit says. 

KSC officials defend their decision, which they said was made in part 

because they were "in a rush." 

107 
The matter is under investigation by NASA, KSC officials said. 

of a broad investigation by the branch of the NASA f nspector general 's 

officr- tnot handles allegations of criminal fraud or mismanagement. 

It is part 

The auditors' report, completed in February, said "items were being 

procured, accepted and paid for even though they did not meet required 

specification. As a result, NASA was paying for a lower quality product 

without a corresponding decrease in price." 

The inspector general's investlgation apparent:y was triggered by 

complaints from a KSC employee to Sen. William Proxmire, D-Wfs. , chairman 

of a Senate subcommittee that funds NASA. 

A Proxmire aide said that investigators are examining charges that 

specifications for both valves and trinsducers for the Space Shuttle were 

reduced in order to move ahead with I,ne program. 

They also are checking allegations of faulty batteries, a questionable 

computer purchase and reprisals against the employee who made the charges, 

the aide said. (TODAY, Wednesday, May 28, 2980) 

o NASA said Friday that it has now installed 25,059 of the 30,922 thermal 

protection system insulation tiles on the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia. 

Installation rate has beon at between 630 and 700 tiles a week recently, 

which means that installation could be completed by the end of July, the 

schedule that NASA has been forecasting. 

A total of 16,281 tiles have been proof-tested to date, of which 12,906 

have been accepted and 3,375, or 20 percent, rejected, 

NASA said Thursday that the estimated date for the first flight of the 

Shuttle has been pushed back about a month and that the first operational 

flight has been delayed by six months. A new Shutt.le flight manifest, 

reflecting the delay in operational flights, is being drawn up by the 

agency and may be out as early as June 15. A number of customers will Se 

"bumped" by the delay, and several, including NASA, will go to the Delta 

3910 or 3920 vehicle for some misslons. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 19, 

Wednesday, May 28, 1980, p 140) 

108 
ORIGINAL PAGE S 

OF POOR QUALln 

May 30: bdin Monitor Systems, of Fort Washington, Pa., has been awarded a 

contract by NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center to supply computer 

equipment. 

Under the $39,000 contract, qwdir: Monitor Systems will supply five bit 

synchronizers, accessory systems which sort and process rzw data so that it 

can be recwded acd stored. The synchronizers will support KSC's Launch 

Processing System, a complex coquter system used to monitor aiib control 

Space Shuttle checkout and launch operations. (NASA News Release 63. 

97-80, by 30, 1980) 

109 
June 2: NASA has signed an agreement with the European Space Agency (EM) 

for the agency to provide a second Instrunrent Pofntlng System for 

Spacelab. Walue of the contract, to be carried cut by Dornler System of 

West Germany, is $20 nilllon. NASA said that since It ordered a second 

Spacelab from €SA earlier this year, it needs a second IPS to equlp both 

vehicles. ESA provided the first IPS at no cost under Its Spacelab 

agreement with NASA, but has been unhappy that NASA had not contracted for 

the second system. (Defense Daily, Vole 110, No. 22, Mday, June 2, 1980, 

P 164) 

o NASA has announced that as a result of the delay in operatlonal Shuttle 

missions the first flight of the Spacelab has been pushed back to by 

1983. The launch had been planned for April 1982. (Defense Dally, Vol. 

110, No. 22, Monday, June 2, 1980, p 164) 

o NASA says NOAA-7 weather satellite, launched inta dn incorrect orbit 

Thursday, will not be able to perform its mission. P substitute spacecraft 

will be launched within 150 days to replace the RCA satellite. Abnormally 

low thrust and prolonged burning of one of the three booster engines of the 

General Dynamics Atlas-F rocket put the spacecraft into an incorrect 

elliptical orbit of 150/900 miles, instead of a circular orbit of about 540 

miles. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 22, Monday, June 2, 1980, p 164) 

o The Soviet Union launched Cosmos 1181, a navigation satellite, on May 20, 

apparently the second of a pair, wlth the first, Cosmos 1179, on May 14, 

going into an incorrect orbit. Cosmos 1181 was put into a 

992/1020-ki lometer, 83.0-degree, 105-minute orbit. On May 23, the Soviets 

put Cosmos 1182, a reconnaissance/survei 1 lance sate1 1 i te, into an orbit of 

221/278 kilometers, 82.3 degrees, 89.2 minutes. 

reconnaissance/survei 1 lance spacecraft, was launc'd on May 28 into an 

orbit of 208/414 kilometers, 72.9 degree;, 90.4 minutes. (Defense Daily, 

Vol. 110, No. 22, Monday, June 2, 1980, p 164) 

Cosmos 1183, a 

i IO 
o The Government of Argentina has announced that it has the technlcal capability to build and launch a satellite by the end of the 1980's. 

ported that the Argentine military Aircraft Factory has a $10 million project to develop a satellite via the transfer of foreign technology. 

(Defense Daily, Wol. 110, No. 22, Monday, June 2, 1980, p 164) 

It reo Failure of the second Ariane space launcher need not delay future launches 

and will not jeopardize the Ariane follow-on prograa, according to one 

European Space Agency official, who characterized the failure's cause as an 

anomaly rather than a design flaw. 

The third and fourth test flights are scheduled for this Noveuber and next 

February respectively. 

for the moment and need not be delayed, one ESA official said. 

Preparations for them are proceeding on schedule 

The failure occurred Nay 23 shortly after liftoff frm the Kourou launch 

site in French Guyana. Officials from ESA and CNES, the French national 

space agency, will conduct an intensive investigation of the cause of the 

failure, whicn already has been identified as sme sort of problem with one 

of the four first-stage Viking 5 engines. This inquiry will contlnue in 

parallel uith preparations for the next launch and would interrupt the 

firing schedule if it determined hardware modifications were necessary. 

Engineers dt the launch site already have made a preliminary review of 

telemetry from the flight. The next step will be to collect "every 

possible piece of data" concerning the flight. 

being focused on the history of Engine 0, which appears to have caused the 

failure of the other three engines. Eventaally, a review board wlll decide 

the cause and overall impact of the malfunction. 

Particular attention is 

Delegates for the 10 European nations contributing to the Ariane program 

who witnessed the second launch have said the failure should not be taken 

as a signal to slow down the follow-on development program, according to 

one ESA official. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 22, p 

17) 

June 3: Dr. Carl Sagan of Cornel1 University and Or. Bruce Murray, director 

of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, have formed a non-profit, national 

organization -- "The Planetary Society" -- to win public support of increased U.S. participation in p;,netary exploration and the search for 

extraterrestrial 1 ife. 

111 
Sagan will be president, and Hurray, vice president, of the society, dich 

is incorporated in Altadena, Calif. !bong the board of advisors for the 

society will be chairman Adlai E. Stevenson (D-Ill.) of the Senate Space 

Subconraittee. and Sen. Jack Schmftt (R-N.H.), ranking lalnorlty lnerber of 

the subcommittee. Dr. Louis Friedman will be the society's executive 

director. 

In addition to Stevenson and Schmitt, other members of the society's board 

Gf advi sops are: 

qiane Ackerman, author. 

*Dr. James van Allen. 

*Harry S. Ashmre, former edit-r-in-chief, Encyclopedia Brittanica. 

*Isaac Asimv, author. 

*Richard Berendzen, president of American University. 

*Ray Bradbury, author. 

*Johnny Carson, tel evi si on talk show host. 

*Noman Cousins editor. 

*Frank Drake, director of the National Astronoq and Ionosphere Center. 

*John Gardner, founder of Coamn Cause. 

*Shirley U. Hufstedler, Secretary of Education. 

*James Michener, author. 

*Philip Mrrison, professor, MIT. 

*Bernard c4. 01 iver, vice president-RLD, Hewlett-Packard. 

(Defense Daily, 101. 110, luo. 23, Tuesday, June 3, 1980, p 168) 

June 4: Rockwell International Corp.'s heat-resistant tiles have been a 

constant headache to NASA's Shuttle program. 

So it may come as a suprise to some people that NASA has picked Rockwell to 

look into alternate ways to protect future orbiters from the heat of reentry. 

NASA announced that Rockwell of Downey, Calif., will begin the nine-month 

$990,000 study later this month. 

"There wre a lot of guffaws," said one NASA official when asked what the 

reaction around the office had been. 

people in the world doing this sort of thing," he added. 

"But they're just about the only 

NASA invited 46 conpanies to submit proposals for the study. 

112 
Oi?WNN PAGE IS 

OF P0?3 QI'ALIN 

Response was less than enthusiastic. Only Rockwe 1 and Boeing Co. submitted proposals. A nine-raecaber cmittee at NASA's Langley Research Center 

in Hiimpton, Va. judged the proposals based on fou criteria: technical approach, understanding of the problem, personnel and the company's experlence. (TODAY, Wednesday, June 4, 1980) 

o One of the main engines that will power the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia 

on its maiden flight uas test fired bnday afternoon. 

Marshall Center Shuttle Projects Office Engine 2005, on stand A-2 at 

National Space Technology Laboratories, successfully completed its second 

520-second acceptance test, conf i mi ng its readiness for f 1 i ght . 

According to the 

Engine 20?6 was in stand A-1 scheduled for a similar test firing at Star 

press tine yesterday. 

has been removed. Recertification of ZOO? is due in about two weeks. 

Engine 2007 will be placed in stand A-2 after 2005 

During the firing bnday, the engine was throttled from 100 percent of 

rated thrust down to 65 percent and then back to 100 percent. 

Star, Vol. 20, No. 38, June 4, 1980, p 2) 

(Marshall 

o The Space Shuttle's main propulsion system was successfully test fired for 

nine minutes and 38 seconds last Friday, My 30. 

required to place a Shuttle in orbit. 

This exceeds the duration 

The firing brings the total test time on the main Shuttle propulsion system, which consists of three engines, an External Tank and associated parts 

of the Orbiter, to 41.3 minutes; nearly three quarters of an hour of firing. 

that have been conducted in a separate program. 

This is in addition to the more than 19 hours of single engine tests 

The main propulsion system test was conducted by the Rockwell International 

Space Systems Group, under the direction of the Marshall Center. 

Robert A. Bush, Marshall's resident manager of test operations at the 

National Space Technolow Laboratories where the tests are conducted, said 

Friday that the test met all its objectives. 

The Shuttle's engines were gimballed (steered) while firing, and they were 

throttled in stages from 100 percent of rated thrust down to 65 percent. 

The Shuttle will have the first man-rated engines capable of throttle control during flight. (Marshall Star, Vol. 20, No. 38, June 4, 1980, p 2) 

113 
o Olsen Electric Co., Inc., of Daytona Beach, Fla., has won a contract with 

NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center to supply electrical equipment. 

Under the $262,806 contract, Olsen Electric will manufacture three sets of 

Payload Data System Interface Equipiaent racks. 

serve as ground links for the Mbile Launcher Platforms, the huge, movable 

stands on which the Space Shuttle will be carried to the launch pad. The 

other system will be used in the Vertical Processing Facility, a building 

where payloads are checked out before launch. These electrical systems 

will allow technicians to monitor and control payloads while in the 

Vertical Processing Facility and while on the launch pad in the cargo bay 

of the Space Shuttle orbiter. 

Two of the systems will 

(NASA News Release No. 98-80, June 4, 1980) 

o The Soyuz 35 spacecraft was returned to Earth yesterday from the Salyut 6 

space station carrying the Soyuz 36 cosmonauts. The spacecraft landed 140 

kilometers (87 miles) southeast of Dzhezkargan, 228 miles northeast of the 

Baikonur Cosmodrome at Tyuratam-Leinsk. Soviet Pilot-cosmonaut Valeriy 

Kubasov and Hungarian research-cosmonaut 6el-tal an Farkas were 1 aunched into 

space aboard Soyuz 36 on Hay 26 and docked with the Salyut 6 station early 

on the morning of May 28. Their spacecraft was left docked with the 

station for the use of cosmonauts Valeriy Ryumin and Leonid Popov, who have 

been in space since April 9 and are apparently attempting to set a new 

endurance record. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 24, Wednesday, June 4, 

1980, p 173) 

o The Senate Subcomnittee on HUD-IA Appropriations yesterday approved a $285 

million FY '80 supplemental for NASA to pay for increasing costs of the 

Space Shuttle, deleting $15 million of the $300 million request. 

At the same time, however, the subcornittee, which is chaired by Sen. 

William Proxmire, voted to provide full funding in FY '80 for the 

International Solar Poldr Mission (1SPM)--thus offsetting the initiative by 

the House HLID-IA Appropriations Subcomnittee to delete those funds in order 

to terminate the international mission. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 24, 

Wednesday, June 4, 1980, p 173) 

114 
o A successful 575-second test of a three-engine Space Shuttle Main Engine 

cluster was achieved by NASA May 30 at the National Space Technology Laboratories. All test objectives were met. 

engine at seven distingt stages between 65 and 100 percent of rated power, 

gimballing and pogo pulsing. 

1s slated for July 12. 

4, 1980, p 175) 

These included throttling of the 

Next Main Propulsion Test Article test firing 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 24, blednesdiy, June 

o The first of the three Space Shuttle Main Engines for the Orbiter Columbia 

which is being retested by NASA was successfully test fired for the 

mission-dupl icating 520 seconds at the National Space Technoloqy Laboratories, Miss., Tuesday evening. Test of the second engine was scheduled 

late yesterday. The engines were removed from the Columbia at Kennedy 

Space Center and shipped to NSTL for retesting in order to make certain 

that the engines were not affected by the numerous changes made in them 

since they were originally tested. 

Wednesday, June 4, 1980, p 178) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 24, 

June 5: The Senate by voice vote Tuesday approved the $5,569,854,000 FY '81 

authorization for NASA recomnended by its Cmerce Committee representing 

an increase of $52.2 million over the amount requested by the President in 

his revised budget and a decrease of $52.3 mi 1 lion from the amount approved 

by the House Science & Technology Committee, now awaiting House Action. 

The Senate Friday by voice vote approved the $300 million FY '80 NASA supplemental authori zation. On Tuesday, however, the Senate HUD-IA Appropriations Subcomnittee voted to cut the supplemental appropriation to $285 

million. The subcommittee may not get to the FY '81 NASA appropriation 

until early next month, following expected action by its House counterpart. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 25, Thursday, June 5, 1980, p 181) 

June 4: Four new appointments of top managers for the Kennedy Space Center 

have been announced by Center Director Richard 6. Smith. 

Raymond L. Clark, Director of Design Engineering, was named Associate 

Director for STS Development; Peter A. Minderman, Director of Technical 

Support, was appointed Director of Design Engineering; Thomas E. Utsman was 

promoted to DireLtor of Technical Support; and Thomas S. Walton was made 

Director of Cargo Operations. (NASA News Release 100-80, June 6, 1980) 

115 
o Thomas S. Walton, a native of Clewiston, Fla., has been promoted to Director of Cargo Operations at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center. 

In his new position, Walton will be responsible for the preparation and 

integration of the various payloads which are launched into earth orbit and 

deep space from KSC. (NASA News Release No. 107-80, June 6, 1980) 

o For the past week astronauts have been flying training runs at KSC to 

simulate orbiter approaches at the Shuttle Landing Facility. 

on My 29 with three T-38 aircraft--one to simulate the orbiter gliding in 

for a landing, and the other two to act as chase planes. 

Tests began 

Pilot-astronauts Jon McBride, Dave Walker, and Hoot Gibson flew the T-38's 

during their return-to-landing-site approaches. Also in the cockpits where 

astronauts Bo Bobko and Dick Scobee, and NASA pilot Dick Gray from JSC. 

The purpose of the trial runs is to provide practice for the pilots of the 

T-38 chase planes; to acquaint the prime and backup orbiter crews with the 

KSC runway configuration; to develop coordination techniques between the 

radar tracking personnel and the aircraft pilots; and tc determine ways to 

minimize hazards posed by KSC's bird population. 

No. 12, June 6, 1980, p 2) 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, 

o Loyd C. Parker, formerly head of the Safety a d Quality Assurance 

Engineering Branch at the Wallops Flight Center in Virginia, has accepted 

the KSC post of director, Safety, Reliability and Quality Assurance, and 

Protective Services. 

1979. The position had been filled on an interim basis by W. H. Rock, 

Deputy Manager of the Cargo Projects office. 

He replaces John Atkitis, who retired in October 

A graduate of North Carol ina State Col lege, where he took a degree in 

electrical engineering, Parker joined NASA at Wallops in 1959. In 1961 he 

became head of the newly-formed Range Safety organization there. 

devel oped the Wall ops ground and f 1 i ght safety pol i cies and procedures for 

launches of sounding rockets and of the Scout, NASA's smallest standard 

orbital 1 aunch vehicle. 

He 

As the title implies, the Director of Safety, Reliability 8 Quality 

Assurance, and Protective Services has d wide range of responsi bi 1 i ties. 

116 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR Quam 

In the areas of fire and security protection, the Safety Office oversees 

the work of the Wackenhut Services, which by contract provides security, 

fire protection, and astronaut rescue services at KSC. 

Parker's office also handles worker's compensatlon claims by Centtr 

employees, and he serves as a member of the KSC Senior Managetxnt Council, 

In the area of safety Parker is responsible for developing and implementing 

overall safety policy and procedures at KSC, and activities relating to KSC 

programs at Cape Canaveral and Vandenhzrg Air Force Base. 

of KSC re1 i abi 1 i ty and qual i ty assurance programs , incl udi nq integrating 

the work of both NASA and contractors. His office also performs hazard 

assessment and risk reduction efforts for all programs and projects 

assigned to KSC. 

He i s i n charge 

Parker will reside in Cocoa Beach with his wife, Jeralyn, and one 

daughter. 

work in Virginia. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 12, June 6, 1980, p 3) 

They have two sons, one in college and one who will remain at 

o The University of Central Florida's Division of Sponsored Research has been 

awarded a contract to monitor weather conditlons at NASA's John F. Kennedy 

Space Center. 

Under the $40,683 contract, UCF will conduct a survey measuring soil 

content and the amount of rain and dry contaminants which fall on the 

Kennedy Space Center and at UCF. 

program for monitoring the weather which will assist in planning Space 

Shuttle launches and landings at KSC, 

6, 1980) 

The results will be used to establish a 

(NASA News Release No. 103-80, June 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a $155,893 contract to 

United Electric Company, of Cocoa, Florida, to supply and install a new 

lighting system. 

Under the fixed-price contract, United Electric will replace the lighting 

system in the Vehicle Assembly Building, the 52-story building where the 

Space Shuttln vehicle is being assembled for launch. 

vapor lamps nil 1 be replaced with brighter, energy-efficient sodium vapor 

lamps. (NASA News Release No. 104-80, June 6, 1980) 

The existing mercury 

117 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALm 

o Raymond L. Clark, a 1945 graduate of the U. S. Military Acadetqy, has been 

promoted to Associate Director for Space Trinsportation System Development 

at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center. 

In this newly-created position, Clark will assist KSC Center Director 

Richard G. Smith during the critical period leading up to the initial 

launch of the Space Shuttle, scheduled for March, 1981. 

No. 105-80, dune 6, 1980) 

(NASA News Release 

o Thomas E. Utsman, formerly of Dearborn, Mich., has been promoted to 

Director of Technical Support at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center. 

In his new position, Utsman will be responsible for support services in 

connection with the checkout and launch operations which are carried out at 

KSC. Much of this technical support will be in preparation for Space 

Shuttle launches, scheduled to begin in 1981. (NASA News Release No. 

106-80, June 6, 1980) 

o Peter A. Minderman, a native of Port Clinton, Ohio, has been promoted to 

Director of Design Engineering at NASA's John F. Kennedy Spate Center. 

In his new position, Minderman will be responsible for the design and 

acquisition of all equipment and facilities required for launch operations 

at KSC. (NASA News Release No. 108-80, June 6, 1980) 

June 9: The Soviet Union has studied the possible development of a reusable 

space vehicle but has rejected it for now because its present launch 

vehicle/spacecraft system is adequate, Soviet Lt. Gen. Valdimir Shatalov, 

leader of the Soviet cosmonaut training program, has disclosed. 

"Soviet speci a1 

spacecraft that 

they considered 

Soviet research 

tested methods 

sts have also investigated the possibility of producing 

can be used more than once. 

the employment of these spacecraft is not justified for 

because the present tasks can be solved with the welln an economic way," Shatalov is reported to have said. 

In the given stage, however, 

118 
At the same time, he is quoted as saying that the Soviets are looking at 

ways to increase the two-man capacity of Its Soyuz spacecraft and at ways 

to return mre scientific equipment and data froin the spacecraft when it 

returns to Earth. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 27, Monday, June 9, 1980, 

P 197) 

o Space shuttle project will wait until mid-July to determine whether up to 

an additional 9,000 thermal protection tiles on the orbiter Columbia should 

undergo a densification process to increase their bonding capability to the 

spacecraft. If all 9,000 extra tiles were densified, it could force first 

launch to slip from March, 1981, into June, 1981. 

NASA and Rockwell management, who met May 30 to discuss the issue decided 

they would need data from additional vibroacoustic and dynamic loads 

analysis before making a decision. Those data will not be available until 

about mid-July. NASA and Rockwell believe it is more likely that only part 

of the 9,000 tiles initially planned to remain undensified will be found to 

requi re dens1 f i cat1 on , preservi ng a f I rst 1 aunch by next March. 

Shuttle managers are confldent they have at least a 25% margin on all 

aspects of shuttle tile loads, even if the additional tiles are not 

densified. Densifylng the additional 9,000 tiles would increase the margin 

to 75% for all loads across the orbiter. NASA and Rockwell must trade off 

their confidence in analysis on shuttle loads against the 25% margin to 

determine how many, if any, additional tlles need to be densified. 

NASA management knows that it will be hit with irltense criticism from Congress, and possibly payload sponsors and other sectors, if it needs to slip 

the shuttle schedule again to continue tile operations. 

said last week that it must resist this pressure and concentrate entirely 

on flight safety issues in making its decision on the matter. 

NASA management 

As the tile assessment continued, the space shuttle main cngine program 

succeeded in three important test firings at the National Space Technology 

Laboratories. 

and the three-engine cluster performed a series of engineering tests without difficulty during the burn. 

Main propulsion test article was fired for 575 sec. May 30 

On June 2 and 5, flight Engines 2005 and 2006 successfully completed 

520-sec. reacceptance test firings. Engine 2007 wi 11 undergo a simi 1 ar 

test In late June or early July. 

112, No. 23, p 20) 

(Aviation Week L Space Technology, Vol. 

119 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

o Shuttle supplemental authorization of $300 million has passed the Senate 

and has been requested to be brought to the House floor at "the earliest 

possible date. " 

Rep. Don Fuqua (Do-Fla.), chairman of the House Science and Technology committee, did not request a firm date froin the House leadership for consideration of the supplemental. 

The supplemental to the Fiscal 1980 budget increases the shuttle program 

portion from $1.586 billion to $1.886 billion, and the total National Aeronautics and Space Administration authorization in Fiscal 1980 from $4.961 

billion to $5.261 billion. 

The shuttle supplemental is expected to pass the House. Were it to fail in 

Congress, shuttle development could slip three to four months and follow-on 

orbiters could be seven to nine months late. The total shuttle program 

costs would grow $600-850 million, according to a report that accompanies 

the supplemental bill. (Aviation Week t Space Technology, Vol. 112, No. 

23, P 23) 

June 10: NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded Computer Sciences 

Corporation's Applied Technology Division, Fa1 1s Church, Va. , a $36,782,578 

one-year extension on its communications and instrumentation support services contract. 

The cost-plus-award-fee contract calls for CSC to provide communications 

and instrumentation services in support of the Space Shuttle program including development, flight test and operational phases, as well as for 

expendable launch vehicle programs utilizing Delta and Atlas Centaur 

rockets. and various earth resources invest i gati ve programs. Data acqui sition and data processing for KSC's manned and unmanned launches and administrative programs, instrumentation of the Launch Control Center firing 

rooms and the operation of timing systems are among the support services 

provided under the contract. (NASA News Release No. 112-80, June 10, 1980) 

o NASA has awarded a contract to establish and operate a two-ship recovery 

force to retrieve expended Space Shuttle solid rocket boosters from the 

Atlantic Ocean. The contract, managed by the John F. Kennedy Space Center, 

went to United Space Boosters, Inc., Huntsville, Ala. 

USBI is a subsidiary of United lechnologies Corporation's Chemical Systems 

Division, Sunnyvale, Calif. 

120 
The $7,230,976 agreement formalizes a letter contract signed July 13, 1979, 

and covers the period through February 28, 1982. Options for the two 

specially constructed recovery vessels to be operated by USBI under the 

contract extend for a 14-year period through February 28, 1995. (NASA New; 

Release No. 101-80, June 10, 1980) 

June 11: Two of the main engines that will power the Space Shuttle Orbiter 

Columbia on its maiden flight have now passed their second acceptance 

tests. Engine number 2005 completed the 520-second acceptance test successfully June 2, and number 2006 repeated the performance June 5, confirmi ng thei r f 1 i ght read1 ness. 

According to Shuttle main engine managers at the Marshall Center, engine 

number 2007 will be tested in about another week, completing the program 

for Columbia's three main engines. 

installing the engines on Columbia by the end of July. 

The test program is on schedule for 

The tests are being conducted for Marshall by the Rocketdyne Division of 

Rockwell International at NASA's Nationcl Space Technology Laboratories. 

(Marshall Star, Vol. 20, No. 39, June 11, 1980, p 1) 

o It was a bright, hot day, July 1, 1960. Many hundreds of people gathered 

for a ceremony marking the creation that day of the new George C. Marshall 

Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 

That happy event will be recalled in an anniversary observance exactly 20 

years later, 9:30 a.m. Tuesday, July 1, 1980 -- in the cool of Morris Auditori um. 

The brief birthday celebration in our main building will be attended by a 

roomful of people and viewed on TV throughout the center. It will include 

the cutting of 2 ceremonial cake. 

Imnediately afterward, all employees will be invited to a reception in the 

lobby of 4200 where the large cake and other cakes will be served. 

of refreshments wi 11 continue through the morning. 

Serving 

Watch the Star for details on this and other aspects of the Center's birthday observance. 

121 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR 0"ALIN 

The first main feature of the observance will, of course, be the annual 

Center picnic, set for June 21. 

1980) 

(Marshall Star, Vol. 20, No. 39, June 11, 

o The Soviet Union, whose cosmonauts have spent up to 175 days in space at a 

time on the Salyut-6 Space Station, approaching the time needed for a manned flight to Mars, says that the Salyut program is pavino the way for manned planetary exploration. 

'I. . . The operations and experiments made at Salyul-6 convinces me that 

the creation of the Soyuz-Salyut-Progress orbiting complex has really become a qualitatively new stage in Soviet and world space research which 

opened up new avenues of exploring and using outer space," Yurt Zritsev, a 

department chief of the Institute of Space Research of the USSR Academy of 

Sciences says in a report provided to Defense Daily by the Soviet Union. 

"Taking a look at the future, one can express a firm conviction that the 

launching of the Salyut-6 station has paved the way for manned flights to 

other planets of the solar system," he said. 

Zaitsev emphasized that "new records are not the main thing" in the increasingly longer duration Soviet manned space flights, that the longer 

flights are producing specific knowledge for possible planetary missions. 

He said that this point has been made by Soviet cosmonaut Konstantln 

Feoktistov, who he quoted as say ng: "The efficiency of prolonged orbital 

flights increases, on the whole, two-fold or three-fold as compared with 

short space flights. 

space flights produces an economic effect and helps one to realistically 

assess the feasibility of manned space flights to the closest planets. In 

the future and perhaps in the not too distant future such flights will no 

doubt be accompli shed. I' (Defense Dai ly, Vol. 110, No. 29, Wednesday, June 

11, 1980, p 212) 

A consider ble increase in the duration of manned 

June 16: Thirteen architectural firms interested in providing engineering 

design services related to a fiew $8.5 million expansion program at the 

Kennedy Space Center's Visitors Center, recently attended an orientation 

meeting here. TWA Services, Inc., KSC's concessionaire for operating the 

Visitor's Center and public bus tour program of the Spaceport, hosted the 

day-1 ong event. 

122 
Kennedy Space Center awarded TWA Services a 10 year concession agreement in 

September, 1979, which is designed to enhance facilities and services at 

the Visitors Center. Already among the most popular tourist attractions in 

Florida, the Visitors Center is taking steps to expand its public visitor 

program because of the coming era of the Space Shuttle and the increase in 

tourism which it is expected to bring. 

Expansjon projects contemplated for the Visitors Center will help coimnunicate a greater understanding of the goals and accomplishments of the 

nation's aeronautic and space efforts. 

clude: a 500-seat theater and exhibit area, an IMAX (large screen format) 

theater an3 food/sales area, a lunar landscape and lake, a new lobby 

entrance, site-landscaping and rocket garden walks, a food service and 

patio area, sales service, administration and central recelving buildings, 

a new entrance and roadway and general facility renovation. 

Release No. 114-80, June 16, 1980' 

Projects under consideration ln- 

(NASA News 

o By the overwhelming vote of 285 to 29, the House passed the $5,662,154,000 

FY' 81 authorization for NASA recommended by its Science & Technology 

Committee, representing an increase of $104.5 million over the amount 

requested by the President in his revised budget. 

The Senate earlier approved a $5,569,854,000 FY '81 NASA authorization, 

$52.3 million below the amount voted by the House last week. 

The House support for the space program will be further testea when 

Congressman Boland's appropriations subcommittee sends up its legislatiof 

to cut funding from the FY '80 NASA budget to terminate the International 

Solar Polar Mission, an action opposed by the House Science & Technology 

Ccmmittee. 

subplemental may come up as early as tomorrow. 

That action, together with the $300 million FY '80 NASA 

Boland's subcomnittee is expected to report its markup of the FY '81 NASA 

appropriation this week, with a reduction from the authorization figure 

anticipated. 

gotten to the FY '81 NASA markup. 

Senator Proxmi re's appropriations subcomnittee has not yet 

Additions to the President's request made in the House passed authoriration 

include $5 million for long lead materiils such as titanium for a fifth 

Shuttle Orbitcr; $12 million for development of the Solar Electric 

Propu'sion System (SEPS), $18 million for Spacelab payloads, $9.3 million 

for the Operational Land Observing System, $8.1 million for Space R&T, and 

$20.5 million for Aeronautical Ri3T. 

123 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALm 

In passing the authorizatfon, the House defeated 225-90 an amendment by 

Rep. Ted Weiss (D-N.Y.), submitted an*.Jally, to delete the $23.5 million in 

the NASA budget related to R6D on an SST. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, b. 

32, Monday, June 16, 19130, p 239) 

June 17: The reusable surface insulation tiles on the Space Shuttle Orbiter 

Columbia successfully withstood a simulated separation of the External 

Tanks in a "pyrotechnic shock test" Saturday at the Cape, which involved 

the firing of explosive bolts attaching the pipes holding the tanks to the 

underside of the Orbiter. 

NASA officials, who said that the tiles had been damaged in previous 

simulaticns, were encouraged by Saturday's results, which are still being 

analyzed, and said that the maiden flight of the Columbia could come as 

early as February if there are no major problems between now and then, 

NASA told Defense Daily yesterday that there are now 26,147 RSI tiles 

installed on the Columbia, leaving 4775 of the 30.922 tiles to be 

installed. The agency estimates, however, that, wfth rejections, some 5000 

tiles will have to be installed. 

Last week, a net of 179 tiles were added to the Columbia -- with 544 tiles 

installed and 365 tiles removed after failing pull-tests. (Defense Daily, 

Vol. 110, No. 23, Tuesday, June 17, 1980, p 247) 

June 18: The last of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia's three main engines 

A11 three engines will now be returned to the 

successfully completed its second flight acceptance test Honday with an 

eight minute and 40 second ground test run that exceeded the time required 

to put a Shuttle into orbit. 

Kennedy Space Center where they will be mounted on the vehicle before its 

maiden flight into space. 

During the Monday firing, engine number 2007 underwent throttling and gimbal!ing exercises to test its ability to change speed and direction after 

lift-off. 

ly completed their secona flight acceptance tests on June 2 and June 5 

respectively, reaffirming the readiness of the three engines for flight. 

The other two flight engines, numbers 2005 and 2006, successfulThe three engines had previously demonstrated their flight readiness in 

test firings last year. 

and NASA felt it advisable to retest the engines. 

Since that time, several modifications were mde 

124 
Hhile the Columbia's engines have completed their checks, testing of the 

Shuttle engine and associated main propulsion equipment designe will continue through the sumer at the National Space Technology Laboratories near 

Bay St. Louis, Miss. 

propulsion system tests. 

The krshall Center is responsible for engine and 

Single Shuttle engines have accumulated more than 73,000 seconds (20 

hours. plus) of static test firing thus far, and engines clustered in main 

propulsion system testing have accumulated an additional 7,000 seconds (110 

minutes). (Marshall Star, Vol. 20, No. 40, June 18, 1980, p 1) 

o Voyager I is now just five months from Saturn -- due to make its closest 

approach on Nov. 12. 

go on June 9. 

It had 128,278,129 miles (206,443,636 kilometers) to 

The sister ship, Voyager XI, was 261,623,345 miles (421,041,958 km) from 

Saturn the same day. 

Aug. 27, 1981. 

It is due to reach the planet's imediate vicinity on 

The two Voyager spacecraft provided for Earth's scientists thousands of 

pictures and other data on Jupiter acd several of its moons, including discovery of a ring around the solar system's largest planet and volcanoes on 

the moon Io. (Marshall Star, Vol. 20, No. 40, June 18, 1980, p 2) 

o The Landsat 2 satellite that was deactivated in January due to wear-induced 

failure on its primary flight control system has been restored to life by 

scientists at NASA-Goddard via a new magnetics compensation technique which 

helps maintain the stabilization of the spacecraft. 

believes the spacecraft will be able to operate near its previous capability, ;rithouc;h limited to direct read-outs since its tape recorders have 

failed. The agency did not estimate the expected life of the spacecraft. 

With the Multispectral Scanner on Landsat 3 malfunctioning, the return of 

the Landsat 2 MSS data is of major iwortance to Landsat users. Timing of 

the latinch of Landsat 4 is being held up by problems with the new Thematic 

Mapper and an agency decision on what instruments to include on the mission. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 34, Wednesday, June 18, 1980, p 251) 

NASA said that it 

June 19: An amendment to the FY '81 NASA authorization which would have 

specifically stated that anyone who makes an 

carried into space by the Space Shuttle would retain all patent rights to 

such inventions was rejected by voice vote in the House. 

invention via experiments 

125 
ORIGINAL PAQE 

OF POOR QuAm 

The provision was limfted to cases where NASA's involvement In the 

experiment involved only launch services. 

The amendment's sponsor, Rep. Ron Paul (R-Tex.), said that under the 

National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, a person who contracts with 

NASA simply for transportation of his experintents irito space "has a very 

good chance of losing all rights to any invention Gr patents that might 

result from such experiments." 

June 19, 1980, p 261) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 35, Thursday, 

June 20: Flight certification firinas t-f two Space Shuttle main engines have 

confirmed their flight readiness after twin 520-second tests at NASA's 

National Space Tecnnology Labor;. "ories earlier this month. 

Engines 2005 and 2006 were fired individually on June 2 and June 5, 

respectively, and the third flight engine was scheduled for a certification 

firing this week. 

The engines had been fired and flight verified last year, then were shipped 

to KSC and installed in the orbiter. 

modifications to engine pumps, valves and nozzles, and the decision to 

re-test them was made. 

They were removed for various 

The re-test firing for each engine consists of a single, 520-second burn, 

during which the engine is throttled from 100 percent of its rated power 

back to 55 percent. 

difficult aspect of the Space Shuttle engine design. 

Throttle-ability is an important and technically 

With two of the three engines successfully tested, Shuttle main engine 

managers at Marshall Space Flight Center say that the tests should be 

complete in time to return the engines to KX and install them in the 

orbiter by the end of July. (Spaceport News, Wol. 19, No. 13, June 10, 

1980, p 1) 

0 On May 17, 1974, when Delta-102 launched the first Synchronous 

Heterological Sateilite, the KSC Fact Sheet issued for the launch said: 

'I. . . the SMS system will serve as a full-time monitor far dangerous 

storms or unusual hazards. These could be tsunami (tidal waves) caused by 

earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, major lands1 ides, or other large 

Ji sturbances. 'I 

126 
0 

WMAL PAQE j$ 

OF QQALln 

The ability to observe "volcanic eruptions" meant little to the inhabltants 

of the Pacific Northwest until March 27 of this year, when a series of 

light earthquakes was followed by emissions of steam, smoke and ash from 

Ht. St. Helens, in Southwest Uashlngton. 

And on May 18, at 8:39 a.m. POT, the mountain blew Its top, blasting away 

1,200 feet of Its height In the worst volcanic explsion In the contiguous 

48 states within modern times. 

1980, p 1) 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 13, June 20, 

UPCOHING LAUNCHES - 1980 

MISS ION VEHICLE PAD DATE 

GOES-0 (1) DELTA 6:38-7:lO p.m. EDT 178 AUGUST 28 

SBS-A (2) DELTA 17A OCTOBER 

FLTSATCW-D (3) ATLAS CENTAUR 368 NTOBER 

INTELSAT V F2 (4) ATLAS CENTAUR 368 NOVEMBER 

(1) - Geostationary - Operational - Environmental Satellite 

(2) - Satellite - Business - Systems comnunications satellite 

(3) - FLeet - SATel1 i te - COMnuni cati ons spacecraft, Navy 

(4) Comnercial comnunications satellite 

(NASA News Release No. 115-80, June 20, 1980) 

o Satellite Business Systems (McLean, Va.), who comnitted itself to using the 

Space Shuttle to launch its cmunications satellites three years ago, has 

become the first U.S. fin to sign a contract with NASA for a Space Shuttle 

1 aunch. 

Under the agreement, SBS's third satel Ilte wi I1 be launched aboard the 

Shuttle's first coimterciai flight in November 1982. 

127 
SBS's first two satellites will be launched by the Delta 3910 launch 

vehicle on Oct. 23, 1980, and in April 1981. 

The SBS launches will be insured by several 

London and Aetna Life L Casualty. The sate 

by Aetna, Comsat General and IBM. (Defense 

Friday, June 20, 1980, p 264) 

companies 

lite serv 

Daily, Vo 

including Lloyd's of 

ce compaw is owned 

. 110, No. 36, 

o Engines and propulslon elements of the ESA/CNES Arlane launch veh 

failed during launch from Kourou, French Guiana on May 23, includ 

engine which malfunctioned, have been recovered from the Atlantic 

cle wh 

ng the 

Ocean. 

ch 

Complete engine "D", which began malfunctioning when the Ariane LO-2 

vehicle was about seven seconds into its flight, was recovered on June 16 

about 5 kilometers south of the Iles du Salut, off French Guiana. 

Engineers of the French Centre National D'Esudes Spatiales (CNES) and the 

Societe Europeenne de Propulsion (SEP) dismantled the "D" engine in preparation for d later inspection at the SEP facilities at Veron, France. 

addition, a complete engine "8" and the servomotors and turbopumps of 

engines "A" and "C" were also recovered. 

In 

The teain investigating the failure are expected to report their findings at 

the end of the month. The schedule of additional tests and the next test 

flights will not be prepared unti: the team reports on the results of its 

i nvest i gat i on. 

The Mdy 23 flight was tlre second flight of the Ariane vehicle and followed 

the successful maider: flight of the vehicle in December. 

the rocket and two successes were planned for demonstrating the reliability 

of the system before declaring it operational. 

Four flights of 

The latest test attempt carried, in addition to a technology monitoring 

capsule, a 1105-kg Firewheel magnetospheric monitoring satellite from West 

Germany, and a 92-kg Oscar-9 sate1 1 i te provided by Amsat-Germany. 

Daily, Vol. 110, No. 36, Friday, June 20, 1980, p 266) 

(Defense 
o NASA's Solar Maximum Mission, launched in February to advance man's understanding of solar phenomena, has taken what may be the "most significant 

observations" ever made of a solar flare. On May 21, the spacecraft's six 

instruments monitored a solar flare which covered more than 2 billion 

square miles of the Sun's surface for 40 minutes, knocking out frequencies 

on Earth for more than 30 minutes and creating a nine-hour geomagnttic 

storm. Preliminary data indicated that core temperatures of the tlare may 

have been more than 100 mi 11 ion degrees F, compared to a normal surface 

temperature on the Sun of 8000 - 10,000 degrees F. (Defense Daily, Vol. 

110, No. 36, Friday, June 20, 1980, p 268) 

o The delay-plagued space shuttle program was stalled again this time by a 

big, stubborn bull a1 1 i gator. 

Thw gator, 01' Albert, kept space agency officials at bay for an hour, 

delaying a shuttle rescue test in Albert's home, Alligator Lake. 

A longtime lake resident who has been keeping a low profile lately, Albert 

poked his snout into the 10 a.m. test, which was designed to establish 

rescue procedures in case the shuttle orbiter misses the space center's 

landing strip and ends up in the drink at the end of the runway. 

Officers or' the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Comnission were called 

when the 13-f00t, 8-inch gator nade it clear that he wasn't going to watch 

meekly from the sidelines. 

The officers finally snared Albert, but it wasn't easy. 

Three of them got a rope around him, but the 1,000-pound gator took their 

boat on a quick tour of the lake before they could rope him again. With 

the help of space center workers, the officers finally got Albert ashore 

and tied him securely for a trip to Busch Gardens at Tampa. 

"He didn't tire," said comnission officer John Tanner. "We wanted to run 

him around a bit to get him tired so we could cacch him, so we could wear 

him out. He didn't get too tired, but we sure did." 

Ofricials said Albert, estimsted to be more than 50 years old, couldn't 

stay at his home, though it is part of the Merritt Island Wildlife Refuge, 

because inore tests are planned. 

With Albert gone, the test started. 

129 
Two dumr\y astronauts, who had been waiting patiently in the plywood nose of 

their mock shuttle orbiter, were rescued without a hitch. 

June 20, 1980) 

(Sentinel Star, 

June 25: A ring simllar to those surrounding Saturn today ~;=y have existed 

around Earth 34 million years ago, according to a scientist at the Goddard 

Space F1 i ght Center. 

Dr. John A. O'Keefe calculates that the ring, composed of tektites (glass 

meteorites), lasted one to several million years. The shadow of the rings 

on Earth's surface caused dramatic climatic changes in the temperate zones. 

The sudden climatic change 34 million years ago has been known to geologists for many years as the terminal Eocene event. 

This change is considered to be the most profound climatic event to have 

occurred during the entire Tertiary period between 65 million and 2 million 

years ago. 

The basis for O'Keefe's belief lies in the fact that the biological changes 

coincide quite accurately with a massive fall of tektites which O'Keefe 

thinks might have come from an eruption on the Moon. 

O'Keefe suggests that the tektites that missed Earth went into orbit around 

our planet and organized themselves into a ring like the rings around 

Saturn. 

Once formed, the ring blocked out the rays of the Sun in the nwthern hemisphere in the winter, due to the Sun's location below the plane of the 

equator. 

temperatures. 

The shadow cast by the ring resulted in the lowering of winter 

(Marshall Star, Vol. 20, No. 41, June 25, 1980, p 2) 

o A team of scientists working for NASA has determined that the rotation 

period of Saturn -- a Saturn day -- is seine 24 minutes longer than had 

previously been estimated. 

Using bursts of radio noise from Saturn, recorded by the two Voyager spacecraft, the length of one day was determined to be 10 hours, 39.9 minutes 

1 ong. 

130 
ORIG!N&L PhGE 1s 

OF POQR QUALln 

Previously, astronomers using Earth-based observations had calculated the 

length of a day at about 10 hours, 15 tIlinutes. 

No. 41, June 25, 1980, p 2) 

(Marshall Star, Vol. 20, 

o The first detailed organization chart of the Marshall Center, published 

Nov. 28, 1960, had 132 names on it. 

An indication of magnitude of personnel turnover can be seen in the fact 

that only 15 of the 132 are employees today. Those 15 are: C. 0. 8rooks, 

Jr., EGO1; F. E. Digesu, PD11; W. H. Dodd, €1402; E. 6. House, CM45; 6. A. 

Kroll, EP11; W. R. Lucas, DAOl; C. A. Lundquist, ESO1; 3. W. Moody, EGOZ; 

F. 6. Moore, ECO1; C. 3. Rieger, EM23; S. E. Smith, ECO1; T. H. Smith, 

EMO1; F. A. Speer, TAO1; W. W. Vaughn, ES81; and W. A. Wilson, EH41. 

Since the center was formed 20,692 persons have been assigned payroll 

numbers. (Marshall Star, Vo!. 20, No. 41, June 25, 1980, p 3) 

o The Soviet Union's Salyut 6 space station, involved in a dozen manned rhvisits, marked its 1000th day in space June 24. 

Popov have been in space for 76 days, 99 days short of the record set last 

year by Ryumin and Lyakhov. 

June 25, 1980, p 285) 

Cosmonauts Ryumin and 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 39, Wednesday, 

o The Soviet Union launched a Molniya 1 communications .3tellite Saturday, 

June 21 from Plesetsk as part of the Orbital network. The satellite was 

put into an initial orbit of 658/40,707 kilometers, 62.5 degrees, and a 

period of 12 hours and 18 minutes. (Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 39, 

Wednesday, June 25, 1980, p 288) 

o The Viking I Orbiter photographed an unusual meteroloyical phenomenon on 

Mars Feb. 22, which NASA scientists believe was either a weather front or 

an atmospheric shock wave. 

sharp, dark line on the photographs. 

Wednesday, June 25, 1980, p 288) 

The phenomenon appears most significantly as a 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 110, No. 39, 

131 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

o The House HUD-IA Appropriations Subcomnittee, which withheld the RID portion of the FY '81 NASA appropriations bill awaiting a decision on its 

effort to terminate the International Solar Polar Mission in FY '80, is not 

expected to mark-up the NASA program funds until after the July 4 congressional recess. It does expect to seek quick House approval for the remainder of its bill, which includes a $20 million reduction in NASA Construction & R&PM request. 

The subcomnittee is not saying what actions it intends to take on the NASA 

R&D bi 11 , but there i s l i t t l e doubt that it plans to make some reductions 

in the Space Science portion of the agency's request. A subcomnittee 

source pointed out that while a point of order blocking the subcamittee's 

effort to terminate the NASA/European Space Agency ISPM in FY '80 was upheld, this does not preclude the subcoimnittee from deleting funds for the 

program in FY '81. Such an action, however, would face opposition from the 

Carter Administration, which is seeking to strengthen ties with America's 

European allies. 

The subcommittee, chai red by Rep. Edward Bo1 and (D-Mass. ) , has criticized 

the way the Administration and NASA have gone about reducing the NASA budget, sayfng that stretchouts and delays only add to the eventual cost of 

programs, and, instead, advocating termination of some projects. 

Meanwhi le, the Senate HUD-IA Appropriations Subcomnittee, chaired by Sen. 

William Proxmire (D-Wis.), has indicated that it will wait until after the 

House mark-up before it takes up the FY '81 NASA appropriations bill. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 119, No. 39, Wednesday, June 25, 1980, p 291) 

June 27: NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded an $8,645,000 cont ract extensi on for mi ni computers and associated equi pment for the Space 

Shuttle's Launch Processing System to Modular Computer Systems, Inc., of 

Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. 

The Launch Processing System will control and perform much of the Space 

Shuttle vehicle checkout automatically while the vehicle components are 

being prepared for launch. 

order control and scheduling, and conduct countdown and launch operations. 

The equipment and related services called for under this contract are for 

the Launch Processing System here, and for use with the Department of 

Defense's payload checkout system at KSC and its Space Shuttle launch 

facilities being built at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. 

News Release No. 117-80, June 27, 1980) 

It will also provide the capability for work 

(NASA 

132 
o NASA Administrator Robert Frosch reported yesterday that NASA has tentatively decided to launch the Landsat-D satellite as early as posslble 

wi 1 th the Mu1 t 1 -Spectral Scanner only, dropping the new Thematic Mepper , but that It hopes to incor2orate the TM along wlth the MSS on the follow-on 

Landsat-D mission. 

Uhile a final decision will be made later this summer, he said, NASA is 

proceeding with planning actions necessary to implement the plan stated 

above. At the same time, he said that the agency is retaining the option 

to either: 1) incorporate the TM and MSS on both spacecraft; or, 2) drop 

the TM from both missions. (Defense Daily, Voi. 110, No. 41, Friday, June 

27, 1980, p 305) 

June 30: Space shuttle! initial launch capability from Vandenberg AFB will be 

delayed froin June, 1984, until at least thr fall of 1984, Air Force 

officers here bel 5 eve. 

Slip in initial operational capability is caused by space shuttle first 

launch delays and a late start on shuttle launch pad construction here. 

Shuttlc pad construction is just getting under way and in about a year 

1,200 persons wi 11 be involved in building Vandenberg shuttle facilities. 

Vandenberg iliitial operational capabi i ity date was December, 1983, but that 

was moved to June, 1984, in late May to bring scheduling more in line with 

shuttle readiness. 

schedule, but engineers here believe eventual delay to that period is dictated hy construction schedules coup1 ed with shuttl e readi ness expectations. 

further slip to late 1984 is not on the official 

First Defense Dept. space shuttle launch froin Vandenberg has been planned 

for October, 1984, and an assessment is under way to determine how the 

delay in ilandeilberg shuttje capability will affect this and other early 

shuttle missions planned for a Vandenberg launch. 

Civilian space missions will be launched froin Vandenberg into polar orbits 

on the space shuttle just as civilian payloads have been launched from here 

for years on expendable boosters. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 

112, No. 26, p 59) 

133 
o The Sovi et Uni on 1 aunched a mi 1 i tary reconnai ssance/survei 1 1 ance sate1 1 i te, 

Cosmos 1189, from Plesetsk on Thursday, June 26. 

initial orbit of 209/330 kilometers, 72.9 degrees, 89.5 minutes. 

Daily, Vol. 110, No. 42, Monday, June 30, 1980, p 311) 

It was put into an 

(Defense 

134 
July 1980 

July 1: NASA's John F. Lennedy Space Center has awarded a $2,756,600 contract to EM1 Technology, Inc., Stamford, Connectlcut, fw equipnent that 

wlll be used durl ng prelaunch checkout of experiments aboard the Space1 ab 

orbi tlng vorkshop. 

Under the terms of the fixed price contract, EM1 Technology wlll fabricate, 

test and Install 13 high density recorders and supporting equipment, The 

equipiwint will be used to record the large volume of raw test data produced 

during pre-1 elinch checkout of Spacelab experiments. 

Four of the high density recorders will be installed at the Goddard Space 

Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Five of the units will be installed 

at Houston's Johnson Space Center, and the four remaining recorders will be 

located here. 

The contract contains an option provision to purchase five additional units 

which would also be installed at the Kennedy Space Center In the facility 

where the Spacelab will be assembled and checked out prior to launch. 

The contract extends froin June 27, 1980, to February 11, 1982. Work will 

be performed in Stamford, Connecticut, at the various NASA Centers previously mentioned, and in Somerset, England, under a subcontract to SE Labs, 

Inc. 

Other coinpani es bidding on t.he contract were: 

City , Cal i f orni a ; and Martin Mari etta Corporati on, Denver Colorado. 

News Release No. 118-80, July 1, 1980) 

Ampex Corporati on, Redwood 

(NASA 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a $77,270 contract to 

Talbert Manufacturing Inc., Rensselaer, Indiana, to supply a 50-ton trailer 

to be used in hauling Space Shuttle solid rocket booster components. (NASA 

News Release No. 121-80, July 1, 1980) 

135 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

o House/Senats conferees have agreed on a $5,587,904,000 FY '81 authorization 

for NASA, $70.25 million above the amount requested by the President in his 

revise? request in March. 

dent's original January request. 

The bill is $149.75 million below the PresiAs approved. the authorization is $34.25 million less than the amount originally voted by the House, and $18.05 million above the amount initially 

approved by the Senate. 

The compromise boosts NASA's R&D authorization by $72.25 million to 

$4,436,750,000; reduces Construction by $2 mil lion to $118 million, and 

endorses the $1,033,154,000 requested for Research & Program Management. 

The bill includes all of the $1.873 billion requested for development of 

the Space Shuttle. 

Conferees Jecided as follows on the points of contention: 

* Directed NASA to procure long lead materials necessary to maintain the 

most efficient production for a fffth Shuttle Orbiter within current 

%utt le funds. 

* Added $13.8 million for Advanced Programs to be used for the Solar 

Electric Propulsion System and other programs. 

* Cut $7 mi 11 ion froin the Spacclab. 

* Restored the $6.1 million cut in the revised budget for research and 

analysis under Physics and Astronomy. 

million for Spacelab payloads went by the boards.] 

[House effort to restore $18 

* Added $6.1 mi 11 ion to the revised request for Life Sciences. 

* Added $22 million to the revised request for Space Applicatims, 

including $9.3 million for multilinear array technology and for 

definit'on studies of an operational Land Observing Satellite System 

incluuing private sector involvement. 

mi 11 i on for resource observations ARDA, $52.9 mi 11 ion for envi ronmental observations ARDDA, and $11.5 mil lion for technology transfer.] 

[Funds authorized include $15.8 

* Added $500,000 for Technology Uti 1 izaLion. 

136 
* Added Si5.5 mi 1 lion for Aeronautical Research & Technology, with 

increases allocated for aircraft technology for future fuels, conservation of scarce aerospace materials, variable cycle engine hlghtemperature val idati on high performance flight experiments, high 

speed aircraft structure technology, and general aviation and cmuter 

propel 1 er techno1 ogy. 

* Added $5 million under Space Research & Technology for advanced chemical propu' ,ion technology and space platform and large space structure 

technologies. 

* Added $750,000 for Tracking & Data Acquisition. 

* Cut $2 million frm the Plum Brook reactor facility. (Defense Daily, 

Vol. 111, No, 1, Tuesday, July 1, 1980, p 2) 

o The Senate approved a $23 billion FY '80 supplemental appropriations bill 

including $285 million for NASA to pay for increasing costs of the Space 

Shuttle. The House has approved a supplemental with the full $300 million 

requested by NASA. The Seaate said the $15 million could be taken from the 

$100 million "reserve" in the Shuttle supplemental. Quick passage of the 

bill is being sought on the Hill, which conferees expected to meet today. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 1, Tuesday, July 1, 1980, p 8) 

July 2: The Intelsat board of governors has agreed tc exexise options for 

two additional launches of Intelsat V satellites on the European Space 

Agency's Ariane launch vehicle, which has had one success in its first two 

test flights. The launches are planned for 1982. 

The options for the additional two vehicles were included in !ctelsat's 

historic order for one Ariane vehiclf: a year and a half ago -- the first 

time that a non-U.S. launch vehicle had been selected to launch an Intelsat 

satellite. 

time. 

The organization also ordered two Shuttle launches at that 

Up until now, the Intelsat V satellites have been launched by the U.S. 

At 1 as-Centaur. 

The European Space Agency says that it now has firm orders for 13 Arianz 

iaunches and reservations for 10 others. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 2, 

Wednesday, July 2, 1980, p 14) 

137 
oHlSlfdAL PGE CS 

OF POOR QVkLfn 

July 3: Gerald D. Griffin, Deputy Director of the Kennedy Space Center, FL, 

has been named Acting Associate Administrator for External Relations at 

NASA Headquarters, effective July 7. 

Mr. Griffin's prime responsibility in his new posltion will be the policy 

level inanagetnent, direction and coordination of the NASA Office of Public 

Af fa i rs , Internat i onal Af f a i rs , DO0 Af fai rs , Governiuent / Industry Af fsi rs 

and University Affairs. He will report to the NASA Administrator. Mr. 

Griffin's day-to-day responsibillties at KSC will be delegated temporarily 

to several senior managers at the Center. (John F. Kennedy Space Center, 

NASA Announcement, July 3, 1980) 

July 4: It wasn't the Saturn V or the hulking blcckhouses uhich line the 

beach that the Tuckers and Redditts came to see when they toured KSC and 

the Cape last month. 

As much heritage and history as those sights have, the 38 members of the 

two-family clan came to see the ghosts of structures which hold even more 

heritage and history for them. They came from a1 

land and see the sights that some of them had cal 

Shirley Tucker, oldest living member of the clan, 

helped his father, William Andrew Tucker 11, swim 

across from the inalnland in 1922. The Tuckers' f 

and six children, was a lean-to where the VAB now 

of Florida to walk the 

ed home. 

was 10-years-old when he 

their oxen and cart 

rst shelter, for parents 

stands. 

tven that was rlot a first Cape landing for the family, for they trace their 

ancestry back to Captain H. 0. Burnham, first keeper of the Cape 

Lighthouse. 

After the lean-to, W. A., as they called their father, built a 10-foot by 

14-foot house where three more daughters were born. 

Beulah Jean. 

The first of these was 

The night she was born, her father kept shouting "Scat!" to make the 

awakened chi:dren in the attic believe that the cries they heard were cats 

fighting. 

Years later, Beulah Jean would marry Willard Redditt to begin the second 

family in the close-knit clan. 

138 
-MAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUAm 

The second Tucker daughter born on the Cape was Canaveral Rose, a prolific 

song wrfter inspired by the beauty of the land for which she was named. On 

thelr recent tour, Shirley, Beulah Jean and Canaveral Rose all shared their 

memories wlth the rest of the clan. 

Throughout the Cape, they would point to a tall clunp of trees ad tell the 

tdle of who had planted them to surround a home or store. They pointed out 

where the first rutted sand roads had been and whlch road was the first to 

get a shell "pavlng." They told of the schools they once walked to, the 

stores where they shopped and the post offlce whose mi1 boat wds a 

biweekly tie to the mainland. 

As they toured, three generdtions of the clan heard tales handed down from 

other ancestors to the elder Tuckers. They heard of the old pier which 

served as the first port to trade ships and how some ships foundered on 

shoals after mistaking the false cape for the real cape farther south. 

They heard tales of slave ships in the surf slipping their human cargo into 

the oak hanmocks to be sold elsewhere. 

They heard of the hotel which had stood at the end of the pier, the original lighthouse and how mule teams had moved It on specielly-lald tracks. 

Shirley recalled the times he hunted deer and the time a bear wlth cubs had 

nearly hunted him while he walked to school. 

There were stories about the lumber ship which foundered, and whose cargo 

provided the basis for the second Tucker house, about the hurricane which 

nearly washed the how away, and the mosquitoes which nearly carried the 

family away. 

The clan listened to Shirley tell cf the smudge pots kept burning in the 

house at night to repel inosquitoes, and they laughed when he said that the 

sinske was so thick irl the attic where he slept that he has never felt the 

urge to use tobacco. 

He told of his life on the Cape, from 1922 until 1952, when the government 

finally inade him leave his awn home, located between what would soon become 

Complexes 12 and 14. 

acres she was forced to sell to the government for a little over $100. 

They heard Beulah Jean ruefully tell about the four 

But rnostly the clan heard stories about the lighthouse. 

handed down from Capt. Burnham to Shirley's Iwinorles of climbing the many 

stairs whenever he could. they listened. 

one of her songs about the lighthouse. One of its lyrics went, 

"Lighthouse, liyht the way to iny lrsed to he." 

Froin the tales 

They heard Canaverai Rose sing 

139 
ORiGlNAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR 

And that was what the tour was about. The graves; the gardens, once 

planted and now wild; the Indian mounds; the tales of Shirley's work as a 

heavy equipment operator on the Cape untf 1 his 1975 reti rent ; a1 1 Were 

like the beams of the lighthouse. From their used-to-be at the tip of the 

Cape they have spun outward, growing. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 14, 

July 4, 1980, p 1 & 4) 

o A third shipment of mechanical ground support equipment for Spacelab has 

arrived at KSC as preparatlons are being made to receive a full-scale 

engineering model of the orbital laboratory later this $ear. 

The equipment - which includes slings, pal let covers and a specialized 

trolley - recently arrived by barge following a two-week ocean journey from 

Bremen, Germany. 

Remaining ground support equipment and the engineering model of Spacelab 

are expected to be delivered by C-SA cargo planes in mid-November and 

mi d-December. 

Hbout 30 major pieces of mechanical ground support equipment will be used 

to transport and process Spacelab flight components in the High and Low Bay 

area of the OK, where the laboratory will be integrated before installation in t9e Space Shuttle at the OPF. 

A fully loaded C-t;A is scheduled to deliver the first half of the engineering model, three Spacelab pallets and additional ground support equipment 

on Nov. 15, according to John Link, a NASA SpaCeldb mechanical engineer. 

Most of the mechanical ground support equipment was manufactured in Spain 

by Sener, a sub-contractor to ERNO, the prime Spacelab contractor. 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 14, July 4, 1980, p 3) 

July 7: Martin Marietta has received $272.9 million in Marshall Space Flight 

Center contracts to carry production of external tanks for the space 

shuttle into mid-1984. 

A $230-mil lion contract covers Martin's work at the National Aeronautics 

and Space Administration's Michoud, La., assembly facility on seven full 

eyternal tar:ks. The funding also covers long-lead items for five more 

tanks and raw inaterials for 19 additional tanks. 

140 
Martin's earlier external tank contract covered nine tanks, three for 

development and test and six for the first six space shuttle missions. 

In addl tlon to the production contract, Martin has a $42.9-m111ion contract 

ainendment to its deslgn and development contract to cover weigX ieductlons 

on external tanks to be delivered starting in mid-1982. 

The lightweight tanks hi1 

tanks, increasing shuttle 

Technology, Vol. 1i3, No. 

weigh about 6,000 lbs. less than In 

payload performance. (Aviation Week 

1, P 25) 

t 

e 

al fl 

Space 

o Yalter R. Oornberger, 84,wartiine chief of Germany's guided-missile program 

and postwar chief scientist and vice president of the then Bell Aerosystems 

Co., died June 26 during a visit to his homeland. Born in Giessen, Hesse, 

he began testing solid-fuel rockets in i930 and, as a general, headed the 

V-2 rocket base at Peenemunde, now part of East Germany. He caw to 

Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, with the late Wernher von Braun and a group of 

rocket engineers after blorld War 2. 

Vol. 113, No. 1, p 25) 

(Aviation Week & Space Technology, 

o Ten-year effort to define a mission to a comet will near culmination July 9 

in Paris when the European Space Agency's science program comnittee 

receives a formal proposal for a European/U.S. spacecraft to intercept 

Hal ley's Comet. 

ESA executives will encourage the camnittee to decide specifically July 9 

to make the Halley f yby an ESA new start using a European GEOS spacecraft 

design. 

No matter what decis ons are made, they will affect a U.S. planetary flight 

prograin in the 1980s that is focused on Venus and the comets, but with far 

fewer missions than those that provided such spectacular planetary discoveries during the 1370s. 

"In the face of this, we are alarmed by the apparent near-term prospects 

for continuation of d vigorous program of planetary science," the National 

Research Council's Comnittee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration said in a 

new report. 

inconsistent with achieving recomnended cbjectives ..., The level of init!atire is not responsible to the stated national comnitment to leadership in 

space science as set forth in the National Aeronautics and Space Act as 

reiterated in 1978 by the President of the United States.'' 

"The pace of pltnetary new starts has slowed to a rate totally 

14 1 
ORIGINAL PAGE 1s 

OF POOR QuALrn 

The realities of funding and launch'windows invariably force planetsry 

mission tradeoffs. In this regard, a major watershed occurrkd in late 1979 

when the Carter Admlnistration killed NASA's Fiscal 1981 request for developinent of solar electric propulsion, a move that In turn killed a planned 

U.S./European flyby of Halley's Comet and a rendezvous wlth the Comet 

Tempe1 2 on the same mlsslon. As a result of that decision, the lead for a 

Halley's Comet flyby belongs to €SA and the important (now separate) NASA 

comet rendezvous will be paced by development of a solar electric stage, 

not vice versa. 

NASA would be forced into xthinking planetary priorities for the 1980s. 

If ESA rejects the Halley flyby, an unlikely prospect, 

NASA's number one planetary priority is the Venus orbiting imaging radar 

(VOIR) mission to be proposed as a Fiscal 1982 new start. The mission has 

the potential for making the kind of discoveries at Venus that Mariner 9 

made at Mars. These changed the course of planetary theory, totally 

reversing scientific "findings" made before Mariner 9 on the nature of the 

planet. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 113, No. 1, p 38) 

o The House, on a vote of 384-21, passed the $5.588 billion FY '81 authorization for NASA recommended by Conference Committee. The bi rl Is $70 mi lllon 

above the President's revlsed request. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 3, 

Monday, July 7, 1980, p 19) 

o House/Senate conferees agreed on a $285 million supplemental for NASA in 

the omnibus FY '80 supplemental appropriations bill, and the House and 

Senate were working to pass the bill Wednesday. NASA had reqliested $300 

million, but the Senate Appropriations Comnittee voted to cut $15 million 

because NASA had not identified full use of the $100 million in "reserve" 

funds in the request. The supplemental funds have been urgently requested 

by the agency by June 30 in order to prevent a cutback of work on the 

Shuttle. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 3, Monday, July 7, 1980, p 23) 

o The National Society of the Daughters of the American i?evolution, Palm 

Beach Chapter, wii? recognize the Kennedy Space Center for past and future 

achievements in space at a ceremony to be held July 16, the 11th Anniversary of the launch of Apollo 11, the mission which landed the first men an 

the Moon. 

Nationally, the DAR has recognized about 2,500 places as historical sites. 

A plaque will be presented to the Kennedy Space Center which reads: "To 

the Kennedy Space Center for outstanding achievement to mankind and to 

commemorate the launch site of rnan's first flight tu the Moon - July 16, 

142 
1969 - and the United States of America's first operational Spaceport." 

Charles 1. Hollinshead, director oT Public Affairs at KSC, will accept the 

plaque, which will be permanently erected at the Visitors Information 

Center. (NASA News Release No. 122-80, July 7, 1980) 

July 8: Congress on Juiy 2 approved a $16.9 billion FY '80 emergency supplemental appropriations bill which includes $285 million for NASA to mnalntain 

the Space Shuttle on its current schedule. With government printers off 

for the July 4 holiday, the blll fs not expected to be dellvered to the 

Whfte House before Wednesday. The Whlte House noted that the President 

will have ten days, excluding Sundays, to take action on the bill. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 4, Tuesday, July 8, 1980, p 27) 

o Depending on the results of the failure analysis of the second test flight 

of the Ariane launch vehicle, the third flight test of the vehicle may be 

slipped by 1-3 months fran the planned November date, according to the 

European Space Agency. 

"This int?aQS that the fourth [and final test] launch should be by the end of 

the first half of 1981 and enable the launcher to be declared qualified in 

time for the first operational launches," ESA said. First operational 

flight had been planned for April 1981, carrylng ESA's MdreCS and Slrio 2 

pay 1 oads. 

The agency said that the possible cause of the Ariane LO2 engine failure 

has been narrowed to three possibilities: 

body in the injector [an identification plate was found near the injectlon 

orifices after the engine was recovered from the ocean]; 2) interference 

between the launcher and the grcund during lift-off [possibly caused by the 

exhaust-jet def 1 ector located beneath the launcher]; and 3) engine start-up 

problems [combustion-pressure build-up was slightly abnormal but has not 

yet been linked to the failure sequence]. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 4, 

Tuesday, Jjly 8, 1980, p 28) 

1) the presence of a foreign 

July 9: Scientists studying data from the Marshall Center's second High 

The giant planet thus joins Earth as the only planets known to 

Energy Astronomy Observatory have confirmed the emission of X-rays from 

Jupiter. 

produce X-rays. 

143 
ORIGINAL PAGE 

OF POOR QUALlV 

The X-ray emission was conflrmd by a team of scientists led by Or. Albert 

ktzger of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The group's findings were 

reported by Metrger at a recent meeting of the American Astronomical 

Society at the University of Maryland. 

July 9, 1980, p 1) 

(Marshall Star, Vole 20, No. 43, 

o Or. William R. Lucas, director, received the following note of congratulations on the Marshall Center's 20th anniversary froin Richard 6. Smith, 

director of Kennecly Space Center and former deputy director here: 

"On behalf of a1 I of MSFC's friends at KSC, I would like to express our 

congratulations on twenty years as a NASA Center. 

be ds outstanding as the first. 

lent relationship. 

The next twenty should 

KSC looks forward to continuing our excelBest Wishes, Dick Smith. 

P.S. Sorry I am not there to share the cake." (Marshall Star, Vol. 20, 

No. 43, July 9, 1980, p 2) 

o Two of the three Space Shuttle Main Engines retested in June at National 

Space Technclogy Laboratories have been shipped back to the Kennedy Space 

Center, The third is slated for shipment about July 25. 

Shipped June 23 was number 2005, and number 2007 was sent out Monday. 

Reinaining at NSTL is number 2006. 

The three engines, destined to power the orbiter Columbia on its first 

flight, were tested last year. 

strated then, NASA felt it advfsable to retest them after several modifications were made. (Marshall Star, Vol. 20, No. 43, July 9, 1980, p 2) 

Although their flight readiness was demono NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) announced Monday that two European 

scientists have entered NASA's Mission Specialist training program at the 

Johnson Space Centx, 

NASA agreed to train the European Scientists nominated by €SA in recognltion of the substantial contribution €SA is making to the Space Transportation System by funding development of Spacelab. 

for the costs of training the t*ro European scientists. 

ESA will reimburse NASA 

144 
The two European nominees have undergone a screening and selection process 

similar to that of U.S. applicants. They enter the mission specialist 

training program with the same commitment as candidates selected by NASA, 

that is, to undergo the full training in preparat' n for possible duty as 

mi sslon specialists utilizing the Space Transportation System. 

The two European nominees selected for training are: Claude Nicollier, 33, 

Swissl an astronomer formerly at the European Space Technology Center 

(ESTEC), Noordwi jk, Netherlands; and Wubbo Ockels, 31, Dutch, a physicist 

formerly with Groenigen University, Netherlands. 

Both Nicollier and Ockels are now €SA employees and are Spacelab 1 payload 

specialist candidates, The opportunity for mission specialist training 

arose when additional time became available fcr preparing for the Spacelab 

1 mission currently scheduled for launch in May 1983. 

Vola 20, No. 43, July 9, 1980, p 4) 

(Marshall Star, 

July 10: Three times in 24 hours Kennedy Space Center test operators tried 

to simulate a flight of the spaceship Columbia into near space. And each 

time, the test was scrubbed. 

Two of the Columbia's computers failed Tuesday afternoon, canceling a siaulated ascent into orbit. After the computers were working once again, a 

mi dnight fl i ght was pl anned for standby astronauts Joe Engl e and Richard 

Truly. 

But five seconds before midnight, those monitoring the test noticed a low 

voltage signal in the circuit designed to ignite thc Shuttle's two rocket 

boosters. 

would have in a real launch. 

The weak signal resulted in an automatic shutdown, just as it 

The test was restarted Wednesday morning, and the countdown again reached T 

minus five seconds. The signal to ignite the rocket boosters came through 

without a hitch, but the signal to ignite the Columbia's three engines did 

not arrive. 

When the signal from the ground failed, the countdown was automatically 

stopped. 

what caused the problems. 

NASA officials said test operators are still trying to determine 

145 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

The astronauts again tried to ascend at about 11 p.m. Wednesday. One of 

the computers failed, however, and test operators decided to recycle the 

test for 2 a.m. today. 

Officials were unable to say when a planned simulation of a flight out of 

orbi t wi 11 beg1 n. 

Robert Crippen and John Young, the crew for the Shuttle's first flight, ars 

scheduled to take the controls for the descent. (TODAY, Thursday, July 10, 

1980) 

o The 1980 G1 obal Tel ecommuni cati ons Traffic Meeting of Intel sat , designed to 

evalute future demand for satel li te communications, opened in Washington, 

D.C. , Tuesday ana wi 1 1 run unti 1 Monday. 

The meeting, which is being attended by more than 80 of the 104 member 

countries of Intel sat , wi 11 col lect data on the global satel 1 i te 

communications requirements of all users of the Intelsat system and develop 

short, medium and long-term demand forecasts. Intelsat notes that it is 

currently carrying about two-thi rds cf the world's international 

transcceanic telecomnunications and that demand for its services is 

inc:easing at a rate of 20-25 percent a year. 

The organization plans to launch nine intelzat V satcoms In the next two 

years, to be followed by a number of Intelsat V-A's and Intelsat VI 

satellites in the remainder of the decade. The demand forecasts will be 

used in determining the number of satel 1 ites and launch schedules. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 6, Thursday, July 10, 1980, p 40) 

o The White House announced Tuesday that President Carter has signed the 

$16.9 billion FY '80 supplemental appropriations bill, which includes 

$285 mi 11 ion for the Space Shuttle. 

The bi 1 1 a1 so incl udes $29.5 mi 11 i on for Indian Ocean/Diego Garcia faci 1 i ty 

desi gn and construction, $42 mi 1 1 ion bel ow the amount requested. Congress 

wants a report on facility concept plans by Feb 1. The $29.5 nillion will 

be taken from new appropri3tions ($9.5 million), NATO Infrastructure 

Program ($5 million), the High Energy Laser Facility ($3 million) and the 

Culebra Weapons Range ($12 million). 

Thursday, July 10, 1980, p 40) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 6, 

146 
0RIGINAI: PAGE 1s 

OF POOR c)i!AL!TY 

July 11: In a Kennedy Space Center sirnulation of a flight into orbit, the 

Space Shuttle flnally got off the ground. 

At 2 a.m. Thursday, after an abortive attempt Wednesday night, the electronic signals came through to light the main engines, to fire the Shuttle's 

solid rocket boosters and to sever the bolts which hold the Shuttle to Its 

pad 

Once the launch sequence got going, the systems performed as planned, a 

NASA spokesman said. 

"It went well, and we're happy with it, 

said. 

There were no major problems," he 

The Columbia reached "orbit" on schedule, and standby astronauts Joe Engle 

and Richard Truly simulated G number of in-orbit operations for about two 

hours, including testing the antennas, the star tracker and the orbital 

rockets. 

But the astronauts and test operators left the Shuttle hanging Thursday. 

Astronauts Robert Crippen and John Young, the crew that will fly the 

Shuttlc for the first time, are scheduled to bring the Columbia back out of 

orbit a*. 3 a.m. today. They will go into the cockpit of the Columbia at 

1 a.m. 

Thursday's successful simulation of an ascent was the fifth try for the KSC 

1 aunch team. Computer problems were 1 argely responsible for the di f fi culties, a spokesman said. 

The computer problems were with the simulated program and the test process 

rather than with the actual flight hardware. 

not have been encountered had this been an actual flight, the NASA spokesman said. (TODAY, Friday, July 11, 1980) 

The problems probably would 

o Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen successfully simulated a landing 

of the Spaceship Columbia early Friday at Kennedy Space Center. 

The astronauts began simulating landing operations at 3 a.m. and touched 

down at 4:Ol a.m. The countdown and descent froin orbit went smoothly and 

as scheduled. 

147 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS \ 

OF POOR QUALm 

A simulated flight earlier in the week did not go as smoothly. 

ful ascent i n t o o r b i t Thursday was the fifth time the KSC launch team had 

attempted the simulation. 

A successThe r;peration, called the Orbiter Integrated Test, was designed to test the 

Orbi tw's mechanical , electrlcal and hydraulic systems. Orlglnally, the 

test operators hoped to check out all of the Columbia's systems to see how 

they operated together. But the Columbla's engines are scattered around 

the country after being sent to Bay St. Louis, Miss. for retesting, and 

another integrated test is likely in mid-August. (TODAY, Friday, July 11, 

1980) 

July 13: Wednesday marks the 11th anniversary of Apollo 11's historic liftoff toward the moon, and the Apollo 11 Commemoration Association plans 

ceremonies at KenneQ Space Center. (TODAY, Sunday, July 13, 1980) 

o A test firing of the Space Shuttle's main propulsion system was cut short 

Saturday because of a Ininor fire, a spokeswoman at the National Space 

Tech:iology Laboratories said. 

The three-engine cluster was shut down after 105 seconds of a scheduled 

542-second test, officials said. 

Sensors indicated there may have been a hydrogen leak in the rear of the 

mock-up containing the engir. *, which are identical to those to be used on 

the Space Shuttle Columbia, which is at Kennedy Space Center. 

Officials said the leak was probably small and that there was no indication 

of significant damage to the equipment. (TODAV, Sunday, July 13, 1980) 

July 14: First space shuttle launch is expected to be delayed from March, 

1981, to the following May as the result of a decision to densify an additional 3,400 tiles on the orbiter Columbia at the Kennedy Space Center. 

The new delay will complicate payload manifesting, possibly result in the 

need for reprogramming space shuttle funds and could jeopardize support for 

the space shuttle in Covgress. NASA has been examining the possibility of 

densifying up to an additional 9,000 tiles to increase load margins on the 

thermal protection syatcm. 

spacecraft from the Ke;wedy Orbiter Processing Facility from September to 

1 ate November. 

The work is expected to delay rollout of the 

148 
ORIGINAL PAOE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

In addition to the tile situation, substantial changes are expected in the 

shuttle orbital maneuvering system pods, and this work has the potential of 

becoming a pacing item toward first launch. Certification testing has 

shown the loads on the pods at launch would be above speciflcation for 

major cmiiponents such as the pod's propellant tanks. (Aviation Week & 

Space Technology, Vol. 113, No. 2, p 17) 

o Japanese Space Council plans to reqdest funds in Fiscal 1981 for full-scale 

development of the H-1 launch vehlcle, reflectfng a delay of a year In the 

program, which has been under study slnce 1978. The delay has been cdused 

by the two launch failures in the Japanese comsat program. 

Goal is to develop the vehicle and its associated structures a?d conduct 

two test launches for $680-690 million, and to have a unit operctional 

launch cost of $64 million. 

Two versions of the vehicle are under study: 

H-lA, the first model, a three-stage vehicle about 131 ft. long and weighing about 308,000 lb. at launch. It would be 8 ft. longer and 10,400 lb. 

heavier than the N-2 and be able to launch 7,000 lb. into a 120-mi. orbit, 

1,200 Ib. into a geostationary orbit or 2,800 lb. on an escape trajectory. 

Second-phase version, as yet undesignated but wi th improved performances 

over H-1A. (Aviatlon Week i3 Space Technology, Vol. 113, No. 2, p 25) 

o European Space Agency last week opted to launch its own flyby of Halley's 

Comet in inid-1985 rather than cooperate with the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration in a joint cometary mission, but it left the door open 

for NASA to join the ESA venture by the year's end. 

The decision is expected to affect the U.S. planetary flight prograin in the 

1980s that is focused on Venus and the comets, but with far fewer missions 

than those that provided spectacular discoveries during the 1970s. 

(Aviation Week & Space Technolow, Vol. 113, No. 2, p 27) 

149 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

July 15: Director R. G. Smith discussed the respcnsibilities of supervisors 

for continuing misconduct over a period of time by thelr employees. 

stressed that it was not the responsiblllty of the supervisors to ;erve as 

an employee's consclence, but it was thei r responsl bi 1 I ty to ove. see the 

activities of their employees and to take disciplinary action where 

necessary. A specific instance of misuse of government vehicles and 

improper charging of leave was cited. There was a question from Mr. Page 

concerning the availability of GSA vehicles for persons In carpools working 

unscheduled overtime and Ftr. Lohse stated that his policy letter dated 

February 10, 1978, provides for having GSA vehicles available for clvil 

service and contractor employees for such purposes. 

Center Director's Staff Meeting) 

He 

(Staff Notes t26-80 - 

o The Space Shuttle Mal n Engine, whose fl i ght qual i fi cation has been proceeding thead of schedule, encountered a new setback Saturday, when a threeengine Main Test Article test was aborted 106-seconds into a planned 

542-second firing at NSTL. 

percent of rated thrust, was shut down by a :ire indication. 

the cluster found a small hole in the fuel preburner of engine P3 which 

allowed burnins gases to escape into an afterburner heatshield where the 

engine powerheads are located. Damage was confined to the one engine. An 

i nvesti gati on team, headed by Dr. Herman Thomason , deputy di rector of 

NASA-Marshall 's Science & EngJneering Directorate, has been appointed, with 

testing delayed pending findings of the investigation. 

Voi. 111, No. 9, Tuesday, July 15, 1980, p 65) 

The test, which included 45 seconds at 102 

Inspection of 

(Defense Daily, 

o The Viking I Orbiter, the last operatlng Viking satellite, will run out of 

nitrogen control gas by July 30 and will be turned off by NASA. To prevent 

the non-sterilized spacecraft from crashing on the Martian surfac. for 

about 40 years, it will be boosted to a nigher orbit. (Defense Daily, 

Vol. 111, No. 9, Tuesday, July 15, 1980, p 67) 

July 18: Another step toward the first launch of the Space Shuttle was taken 

this week with the successful completion of an Orbiter Integrated Test. 

The test, which began on July 7 and was completed Monday, was designed to 

check the way in which the various systems onboard Columbia operated 

together with computers, avionics and ground systems. Frincipal among the 

systems being tested were the orbiter's secondary propulsion system - the 

Orbital Maneuvering System - and its Reaction Control System, which will 5e 

used for attitude control. 

150 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

"We consider the Orbiter Integrated Test we have just comp;eted was very 

successful ," sai d George A. Page, Di rector of Shutt 1 e Operat i ons. 

still have large amounts of data to evaluate and we believe we have the 

answers to the problems that caused delays in the ascent portion of the 

test. 

"We 

"As in most testing here," Page added, "we learned a lot wm about the 

interfaces between the vehicle and ground checkout equipment . I' 

Participating at various times in the test were Astronauts John Young and 

Bob Crippen and Joe Engle and Dick Truly, prime and backup crews, respectively, fcr the first Space Shuttle mission. 

Young and Crippen were in Colur5ia's cabin at 3 a.m. on July 10 for a simulated liftoff and ascent to Earth orbit and again at 3 a.m. on July 11 for 

the simulation of reentry, descent and landing. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, 

No. 15, July 18, 1980. p 1 L 6) 

o So many rockets have sizzled their way skyward from NASA and Department of 

Defense launch complexes on the rim of Brevard County's beaches that some 

jaded local residents have come to regard a launch as "old hat." 

It wasn't always like that. 

from KSC and the Cape was conducted 30 years ago next week - on July 24, 

1950. 

The first of exactly 2,149 launches recorded 

The first rocket to send thunder peeling through Brevard's skies was Bumper 

8, a shotgun marriage of a German V-2 with a WAC Corpirral as an upper 

stage. 

Bumper was a mere firecracker compared to its modern big brothers, but it 

proved the feasibility of programming a rocket into a level flight and 

separating in stages to shed useless weight. 

The Bumper project was conducted by the U.S. Army and the General Electric 

Co. and a sub-project of Project Hermes. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 15, 

July 18, 1980, p 2) 

151 
. _. 

o Four offlcials have ken named to top management positlons in two major 

staff areas here, KSC Director Rlchard Smith announced recently. 

In the Design Engineering Directorate, John R. Lyon has been named Director, Project Management. Lyon has been serving as the deputy director of 

the division since August, 1979, and had also served as Chief, Shuttle Project Engineering Office as well as a inanager during the Apollo program. 

Repiaifnq Lyw rzs I:eputy Director, Project Management is James R. Roe. 

Rowe's previow po-iition was Chief of the Executive Staff, and he had formerly men special assistant to the director of Design Engineering before 

t raw fer r Executlve Staff in 1366. 

At so wi tlr 

am01 riied 

ng to the 

II the Des 

Di rector. 

gn Engineering Directorate, William E. Queen has been 

Electrical Engineering. Queen has been with the 

National Security Agency since 1960. 

engineer, in responsible middle management positions, and has held two 

sen: or ritiageywt assi gnment s 1 n NSA. 

He served as a design and project 

A functional change within the Executive Staff resulted in the appointment 

of George L. English as Director, Executive Management Office. 

been Chief, Management Systems Office. 

English had 

The change allows the Executive Office to retain responsibility for the 

executive communications process and Congressional affai rs, while expanding 

the role of the office to provide a capability for the development of Center pol i cy , management consul tations and the development of other management systems. 

restructuring and name change. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No, 15, July 18, 

1980, p 3) 

The broadened scope of the office is the basis for the 

o William Huseonica and Dallas Gillespie have been selected to participate in 

a new prograin designed to develop promising individuals for senior managerial positions in the government. 

The two KSC employees are among the first 11 NASA staffers appointed to the 

Senior Executive Service Candidate Development Program. 

By working with senior governiwnt executives and some formal classroom 

training, individuals selected for the progrdm become a major source of 

highly-qual i fled candidates for fi 1 ing SES vacancies. 

152 
The prograin wi 11 last one year and major portions of the training will be 

done at Headquarters in Washington, D.C. 

Gil lesple, recently appolnted deputy comptroller at KSC, was previously 

Chlef of the Resources Management Office. He was employed by Chrjsler 

Corp. on its Saturn IB program at Cape Canaveral from 1966 to 1968. He 

joined NASA Launch Vehicle Operations In 1968 and tlbansferred to the Center 

Resources Planning 6 Control Office in 1973. 

Huseonica is currently the Chief of the Projects Control Office. He was 

Chief of the Project Integration Staff and served as technical assistant to 

the project manager in the KSC Shuttle Projects Office. From 1963 to 1974, 

he was in Unmanned Launch Operations at KSC, transferring after seven years 

at NASA's Lewis Research Center in Ohio. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 15, 

July 18, 1980, p 3) 

o The National Park Service has launched a planning study to determine the 

best system for shuttling beachgoers to the south end of Canaveral National 

Seashore during periods when private transpcr, tatlon would confllct with 

Space Shuttle ooerations. 

Prompted by the possibility that Playalinda Beach might be closed most of 

the time and a Congressional recoimnendat!on that the Park Service provlde 

an alternate means of public access to the area, the transportation study 

is expected to be completed by October. 

About 550,000 people visited Playalinda last year and, on peak weekend and 

holiday periods, it accanmodates as many as 3,000 beachgoers a day, according tG Canaveral National Seashore Superintendent Don Guiton. 

Because of the beach's close proximity to Launch Complex 39, safety 

restrictions will close the area to private vehicles during times when the 

Space Shuttle is on the pad. As the Shuttle becomes operational and the 

frequency of launches increases, the beach will likely be closed to cars 

most of the year. 

The Park Service and KSC are working together to find a way of allowing 

pub1 ic access to the beach without compromising Shuttle requirements. 

"We're looking at all the alternatives," said Guiton. 

153 
Buses have been receiving a lot of initial attention because they could be 

put into operation quickly, Guiton said. But other systems, including 

trains, ferry boats and use of the existing railroad, will k looked at during the study, he added. 

The study wi 11 also focus on where staging areas could be located and whether one or several departure points would be desirable. 

While a system c0~1.d be put into effect this fall, funding for the transportation service is still uncertain. 

"This report will give us for the first time some firm figures to work 

with," said Guiton. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 15, July 18, 1980, p 7) 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center hds awarded a $25,666,019 contract 

extension for engineering support services to P1 anning Research Corporation, 7600 Old Springhouse Road, McLean, Va. 

The cost-plus-fixed-fee contract extension runs from May 20, 1980, through 

May 19, 198;. 

design engineering support services for the Space Shuttle program and other 

activities for which KSC's Design Engineering Directorate has design 

responsibilities. (NASA News Release No. 128-80, July 18, 1980) 

It provides for Planning Research Corporation to continue 

July 21: An Indian four-stage solid propellant rocket, which India says can 

be used as a inedium-range missile, launched a satellite into orbit Friday, 

July 18, from the Sriharikota space research center. 

The 35-kilograin spacecraft, called Rohini 1 (Star I), was sent into space 

with the SLV-3 rocket system developed and built by India with the assistance of France. It was launched over the Gulf of Bengal and the Indian 

Ocean from the space center near Madras in Andhra Pradesh in Southern 

India. 

The orbiting of the Rohini makes India the seventh nation to launch its own 

space system. Two earlier Indian research satellites, one in 1975 and another in 1979, have been orbited by the Soviet Union from Soviet launch 

sites. 

Indian comnunications satellite from Guyana. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, 

No. 13, Monday, July 21, 1980, p 93) 

The European Space Agency's Ariane is also scheduled to launch an 

154 
Qh:i:;n:; t' ? 

c"; r-. . 

o Reflecting its growing interest in space, Japan has anrlounced plans to 

launch its first Earth Resources Satellite in 1985, with a two-year design 

life. 

The satellite, deslgnated "Heres-1," wlll take infrared pictures of terrain, geological fonnatfons and rocks on the entire land mass of the Earth, 

with emphasis to be placed on locating potential deposits of petroleum, 

coal and uranium. 

The spacecraft, which will be placed in a 337-mile orbit, will reportedly 

be able to discern objects as small as "30 square meters." 

Three Japanese contractors have expressed interest to date in devel oping 

and building the satellite -- Flitsubishi Electric Corp., Toshiba and Nippon 

Electric Co. 

contractor selection, and development initiation in 1982. 

Preliminary design is to be completed next year, followed by 

Cost of the project, including ground facilities and launch costs, is estimated at more than $265 inillion (58 billion yen). (Defense Cally, Vol. 111, 

No. 13, Monday, July 21, 1980, p 93) 

o Top National Aeronautics and Space Administration management is meeting at 

the Kennedy Space Center this week for a sweeping space shuttle assessneat 

officials hope will allow them to chart a course preserving a first launch 

by March, 1981, in spite of new thermal protection and orbital maneuvering 

system work requi rements facing the program. 

NASA Administrator Robert A. Frosch and his deputy, Alan M. Lovelace, will 

intensify pressure on shuttle management to cut the fat from shuttle work 

schedules and keep to those schedules. The attitude that nonflight safety 

improvements can be continualiy added to the program while other areas act 

as schedule controllers wi 11 be discouraged. "You caI: improve the spacecraft to the point of having a super hangar queen. We are at that point," 

Love1 ace sal d. 

Kennedy Space Center work schedules for the vehfcle through first launch 

will be reviewed and refined this week. 

schedule but examining a schedule actually utilizing six months between the 

time the Columbia is rolled into the Vehicle Assembly Building and it is 

flown off Pad 39A by astronauts John W. Young and Robert L. Crippen. 

Kennedy has been on d four-month 

155 
NASA headquarters management wants to make the four-month schedule as close 

to reality as possible, and this could be a major factor in keeping first 

flight from slipping further into spring as a result of the new thermal 

protection and orbital maneuvering system requirements. (Aviation Week 8 

Space Technology, Vol. 113, No. 3, p 16) 

July 23: Dr. John H. McElroy, a 14-year veteran with NASA and formerly 

Director of NASA-Headquarters' Communications Division, has been named 

deputy director of the agency's Goddard Space Fi ight Center, Greenbelt, 

Md. 

Associate Adinini strator for Space-Tracing and Data Systems. (Defense Daily, 

Vol. 111, No. 15, Wednesday, July 23, 1980, p 108) 

He succeeds Robert E. Smylie, who joined NASA-Headquarters earlier as 

o Former Senator Frank E. ("Ted") Moss, who headed the Senate Cornittee on 

Aeronautical & Space Sciences, has joined the board of advisors of the 

Wtizens for Space'' Political Action Committee. Moss is currently with 

the Washington, D.C., law firm of Schnader, Harrison, Segal & Lewis. 

Political Action Committees (PAC's) solicit contributions [with a 

credit] to support political candidates and causes. The Citizens 

Cornittee intends to use its funds both to support polit cal cand 

to seek grass root support for the space progrsz through advertis 

direct mail, leaflets, etc. 

SOX tax 

for Space 

dates and 

ng s 

The Washington, D.C.-based cornittee, which filed with the FCC on May 5, is 

headed by Harrell Graham, formerly witn the "Campaign for Space" PAC, which 

was founded by an associate of Princeton professor Gerard K. O'Neill. 

Graham points out that there are 6d million elegible voters in the country 

between the ages of 18 and 34 who were raised in the "space age," and suggests that they are "more likely to support the presidential candidate most 

sympathetic to an expanded Americar! space program." (Defense Daily, Vol . 111, No. 15, Wednesday, July 23, 1980, p 113) 

156 
o The Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia's third main engine, number 20006, was 

shipped Monday from the Natlonal Space Technology Laboratories to Kennedy 

Space Center. 

Shipment of this engine co??leted the return of all three main ensines to 

Kennedy for reinstallation on the Columbia. 

the test facility earlier this year for recertification test firings 

because several modifications and component replacements had been mde 

since the original certification tests last year. (Marshall Star, Vol. 20, 

No. 45, July 23, 1980, p 1) 

The engines were serlt back to 

July 24: Eleven hundred Kennedy Space Center workers worry daily about the 

30,922 heat-resistant tiles being glued to NASA's Shuttle before its flrst 

scheduled flight in March 1981. 

But the handful of astronauts who will fly the rocket-powered bird are 

vexed by additional problems - liKe choosing a warctrobe for bedtime in the 

Shuttle, ficding the way home from space, and landing the giant reusable 

craft in bad weather. 

Overmyer said the problem of nightwear came up during discussions of "coed" 

flights that will take place now that six women are training for the 

Shutt 1 e program. 

On NASA's previous all-nule space mission, "they Lsually just stripped down 

to their skivvies and slept wherever," explained the for,ner Deputy Manager 

of Conbcruction for the spaceship Columbia. 

The women requested soine sort of a "nightie" to Wear at night, he said. 

"It does shed a different light on the subject of space flight." (TODAY, 

Thursday, July 24, 1980) 

o Not even in the darkest hours of the United States space program, in the 

failure-ridden years of 1058 and 1959, has there been such a low level of 

activity as that demonstrated so fcir this year. 

There have been only eight United States space missions. 

have been the responsibility of NASA and one of those was a failure. 

remaining six hdve been military missions. 

Only two of those 

The 

157 
As the United States space activity slows, with its hopes for revitalization on the delayed Space Shuttle, the Soviet Union continues its unabated 

aggressive exploitation of space across the board, but predominately in the 

mi 1 i tary or mi litary-related areas. 

There nave been 52 Soviet space missions in 1980. Those directly related 

to military operations total 38 and account for 73 percent of total space 

activity. 

the avowed emphasis on scientific activities by the cosmonauts, is a 

sophisticated photographic security outpost in space being manned on a permanent basis. 

These do not include the Soyuz-Salyut missions which, despite 

The major Soviet military space activity has remained, since its inception 

in the early 1960s, photographic reconnaissance/survei 1 lance. There have 

been 15 of these flights since the first of the year, both high and medium 

resolution, representing 40 percent of the military effort. One c;f these 

mi:5'jns (Cosmos 1170) operated for over 40 days in orbit, an extension of 

the long duration system recently introduced by the Soviets. 

Other Soviet mi 1 i tary missions that have been ful ly exercised operational ly 

this year Include the navigation satellite flights -- five flights; early 

warning spacecraft systems -- four and possibly five launches, and 

electronic intellfgence gatherfng, both land and ocean -- five fltghts. 

The Soviet Union also used this period to resume its nuclear-powered ocean 

surveillance spacecraft flights, with the first flight of a new series at 

the end of April, and its space interceptor development program. 

SOVIET SPACE FLI6HTS - 1980 

1) Jan. 9 

2) Jan. 11 

3) Jan. 14 

4) Jan. 23 

5 Jan. 24 

6 1 Jan. 25 

7) Jan. 30 

8) Feb. 11 

9) Feb. 11 

10) Feb. 12 

11) Feb. 20 

12) Feb. 21 

13) Mar. 4 

14) Mar. 14 

15) Mar. 17 

16) Mar. 27 

17; Mar. 27 

18) Apr. 1 

Cosmos 1149 

Molniya 1-46 

Cosmos 1150 

Cosmos 1151 

Cosmos 1152 

Cosmos 153 

Cosmos 1154 

Cosmos 1156-63 

Cosmos 1156-63 

Cosmos 1164 

Raduga 6 

Cosmos 1165 

Cosmos 1166 

Cosmos 1167 

Cosmos 1169 

Cos~nos 1169 

Progress 8 

Cosws 1170 

Mi 1 i tdry: 

Civil: Communications 

Military: Navigation 

Civi 1: Ocean monitoring 

Mi 1 i tdry: 

Mi 1 i tary: Navigation 

Mi 1 i tary : 

Mi 1 i tar!: 

Milita.:.: Naval communications 

la+ 1 I ':ary: 

Livil: Communications 

Mi 1 i tary: 

Mi 1 i tary: 

Mi 1 i tary: 

Military: Navigation 

Mi 1 i tary : 

Civil: Salyut 6 cargo transport 

Mi 1 i tary : 

Reconnaissance/survei 1 lance(M)* 

Reconnai ssance/survei 1 lance(H)** 

EL I NT (El ect roni c Intel 1 i gence) 

Reconnaissance/surveil lance(M) 

Early warning 

Reconnaissance/survei; lance(H) 

Reconnai ssance/survei 1 lance(#) 

EORSAT (ELINT Ocean Reconnaissance) 

Space Interceptor FIoni tor 

Reconnai ssance/survei 1 1 ance( H) 
-- 

iosinos i 171 

soyuz 35 

Cosinos 1172 

Cosinus 1173 

Cosmos 1174 

Cosmos 1175 

Progress 9 

Cosmos 1176 

CCJSIROS 1177 

Cosincs ii7d 

Zcsiws I ;83 

Cosinos iicil 

Cosmos 1162 

soytiz 30 

CssifiaS 1183 

Cosmos i1d4 

SoyLi;r Ti? 

C~sinas li85 

i05lWb 1179 

Cajviiisbs i!do 

COSinGS lid.’ 

Got.;Lcnt 4 

C3SIWS 1188 

Meteor 1-30 

Molniya 1-47 

Cairnor; 1185 

Projrzss lil 

C,\sltloj 1!30 

COSIWZ lis1 

Hi 1 i tary : Spdce interceptor target 

Ci vi 1 ; Cosmonauts Popov and Ryurnln 

Mi i i tary : Early warning 

Hi 1 i tary : Reconnai ssance/survei 1 lancc(H) 

Mi 1 i t.ary; Space interceptor 

Military: Early warning or Moin*;a failure 

Civil : Salyut 6 cargo transjiLir; 

Military; Ocean surveillance (nuclear) 

Mi 1 itary: Reconnai ssance/aurvell lance H (LD)*** 

Military; Reconnarscance/surveillance,H 11 

MI 1 i t CI ry ; Nav I gat i on fa i 1 ure 

Ci vi 1 : Geophysics 

Mi Iftdry: Navigation 

Hi i i tary : Reconnai ssdnce/survell Irnce(#) 

Ci vi I : Coriwnduts Kubdsvv and Farkas 

Mi 1 i tary : Rei-ma; ssancejsurvei 1 iance(l4; 

Miiitary: E!-Ihi 

Ci vi 1 : 

Mi i ;t3fbt : Reconnaissance;s~rvei~~ance(M) 

ht litdry: ELINT 

Mi 1 i tary : Reconndi ssmiejwruei? fance(M) 

Civil: Comunications 

#.i litary: Early warning 

Civi 1 : Weather 

Civil: Coarnunications 

Mi i it dry: 

Civi 1 : 

Military: ELfNT 

Mi I1 tary : 

Cosinonduts Malyshev md Aksenov 

Reconnai ssanes/survei 11 artrse(R) 

Early warning 

Salyut 6 cargo transport 
hear i ngs , wh 

missibII, are 

program. 

ch come on the 12th anniversary of the Apollo 11 lunar land 

intended to develop long-range policy goals for the space 

Fuqua questioned the wisdom of the Carter Administration's space policy 

position which rejects any new tigh-challenge engineering initiatives in 

space, and pointed out that the U.S. is falling significantly behind the 

Soviet Union in both manned and unmanned space flight, and facing new 

competition in space from Europe and Japan. 

Paine said that the first step is to "hevelop new policy statements that 

set forth measurable goals and timetables in science, in applications, and 

in the progressive development of the infrastructure needed to support 

man ' s presence In space. . . I' 

The next step, he said, is to create the critical capabilities needed, 

including: 

1) A reiiable, economical Space Shuttle system. 

2) Construction of an evolutionary Operations Base and Orbital 

Laboratory in low Earth orbit, including space construction capabilities. 

3) Development of an Interorbi t Transport System for reusab'e transportati on between 1 ow Earth orbit , geosynchronous orbit, and ''eventual ly, 

the Moon." 

4) Later e:t?blishment of an Orbital Base in geosynchronous orbit. 

5) Planning for a Research Center, Resource Development Laboratory and 

Refueling Station on the Moon. 

Paine said he personally believes that the establishment of a Space Station 

in low Earth orbit "is probably the next step in space" the U.S. should be 

considering. 

In line with the lack of vision in space, Paine charged that the space program is "woefully underfunded." He pointed aut that in today's dollars, 

the annual NASA budget in the mid-60's would exceed $14 billion, compared 

to the $5.5 billion FY '81 NASA budget. 

Among other things, Paine praised the agreement between NASA and McDonnell 

Douglas for joint conduct of space processing aboard the Spacelab. 

Or. Rocco A. Petrone, former Apollo Program Director, said that the 

nation's civilian space program today "is in dire need of a bold central 

theme for future space goals that can focus support for these goals." 

160 
(&,i. , . i '.. .. 

Of VI'. 'I ** 

.. , 1 -. 

He said that argument that there is little public support for these goals, 

only reflects the fact that such goals have not been set and articulated. 

Petrone warned that program options for space "have been studied and 

re-studied, and that "decisions are needed now in selecting progrims and 

setting the goals of the space program for the eighties and beyond." 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 16, July 24, 1980, pp 115-116) 

o The Senate by voice vote has passed the $5,587.9 cdllion FY '81 authorization for NASA recommended by Conference Committee, clearing the measure for 

the White House. 

revised request, with funds added for such programs as SEPS, thz Operational Land Observing Sate1 1 i te System, and aeronautical and space R&T. 

The authoriation is $70 million above the President's 

Meanwhile, the FY '81 NASA appropriation is facing a delay of more than a 

month. If an agreement cannot be worked out between the House and Senate 

Appropriations Committees after the latter acts on the bill, the House 

committee is warning of the possible need to provide the funds in a continuing resolution -- a move which would prohlbit funds for new starts, 

i ncl udi ng the Gamma Ray Observatory aid the NASk/NOAA/DOD Natl onal Oceanic 

Satellite System. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 16, July 24, 1980, p 116) 

o NASA Administrator Robert Frosch and other top NASA managers are meeting at 

Kennedy Space Center this week with the agency's Shuttle review comnlttees 

for a total review of problem areas on the Space Shuttle leading to decisions on critical areas, particularly the Thermal Protection System (TPS) 

tiles. 

Final decision is expected as early as tomorrow, but the actions -- which 

could require a request for additional funds -- will have to be approved by 

the White House, so that an announcement is not expected until sometime 

next week. 

NASA hds already decided that it will have to remove the two Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pods from the Orbiter Columbia, in order to redesign 

and strengthen the support brackets for the helium tank and the propellant 

tank and some other components. 

1b A 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

The OMS problem surfaced in May when a bracket supporting the helium tank 

showed signs of collapsing during a vibro-acoustic test. A second test 

with additional instrumentation con. 'uded that the helium tank bracket as 

well as other components of the OMS Pod and associated Reactlon Control 

System did not met qualification levels. 

The OMS structure question is among those being reviewed, but the agency 

feels that it can make the necessary changes without delaying the initial 

Shutt 1 e f 1 i ght beyond the March 31 dead1 i ne. 

This is not necessarily the case with the TPS question, where options which 

are growing more likely could delay the first Shuttle launch to between May 

and September 1981. The options basically are to: 

1) Continue the ongoing base1 ine program, which involves pull-testing 

all of the tiles and replacing and densifying those which fail, along with 

some 1100 tiles which cannot be pull tested. 

coating the tiles with a thin coating of a substance called Ludox which 

improves the bonding of the tiles.] There are under 4900 tiles left to be 

instal led, with another 1500 expected to be removed. 

2) Removing and densifying all of the tiles installed at critical areas 

on the Shuttle, which would involve something less than 3500 additional 

tiles. =or the 

Shuttle's maiden flight until May 1981. 

[which include most of the critical tiles]. 

two to three months beyond May. 

[The densification involves 

It was estimated that this could push back the launch da' 

3) Removing and densifying the critical tiles and all 9000 black tiles 

This could dclay the flight 

The NASA review also includes the Space Shuttle Main Engine, which continues to have some problems with its high pressure turbopump bearing, 

although NASA is optiinistic +he engine will be ready on schedule. 

has been developed for the burn-through which occurred in the July 12 SSME 

test, but inspection of all SSME preburners could delay resumption of testing 8-10 weeks. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 16, July 24, 1980, p 116-117) 

A fix 

luly 25: NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded Boeing Services 

International, Inc., Cocoa Beach, Florida, a $7,636,458 one-year contract 

exterlsion for supply and transportation services. (NASA News Release No. 

127-80, July 25, 19SO) 

162 
ORIGINAL PAGE 1s 

OF POOR QUALITY 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a $49,124,176 one-year 

extension to Boelng Services International, Inc. , Seattle, Washington, on 

its ground systems operatlons contract. 

The cost-plus-award-fee contract extension runs from July 1, 1980, through 

June 30, 198i. This extension marks the fourth year of service and brings 

the cumulative value of the contract to $176,321,644. (NASA News Release 

NU. 130-80, July 25, 1980) 

o The Aerospace Services Division of Pan American World Airways, Inc., Cocoa 

Beach, Fla., has been awarded a one-year extension of its contract to 

supply medical services at NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center and Cape 

Canaveral Air Force Station. 

The $2,814,000 award covers the period from July 1, 1980, to June 30, 1981 

and brings the cumulative value of the contract since July 1, 1977, to 

$8,799,19?. (NASA News Release No. 131-80, July 25, 1980) 

July 28: The Commerce Department, under a new program to stimulate the 

availability of public service satellite communications has ewarded $1.2 

million in grants to two non-profit and two profit-making organizations to 

set up pub1 i c servi ce satcom television services. 

:he one-year grants, which may be continued for up to four years, went to 

Bell & Howel 1 Co. ($320,000) , American Educational Television Network 

($15O,COO), the profit-making concerns; Appalachian Community Service Network ($410,000), and Public Service Satellite Consortium ($300,000). 

The four will use the funding as ''seed money" while they organize to become 

"self -support i ng businesses in the development of the f i rst sate1 1 i te 

system for national public service use." They are expected to operate complete telecommunications systems. 

Bell 8 Howell will set up ground stations in ten cities for transmission of 

training programming for federal agencies, a $1 billion effort last year, 

of which about half went for transportation. Program could expand to 100 

cities. ACSN will expand its education services in the Appalachian region; 

PSSC will provide services for its various nonprofit members, and AETN will 

solicit customers for its educational/training programing. 

163 
The program is under the direction of DOC'S National Teleconmunications & 

Information Administration (NTIA) which was created in October 1978 to 

assist in market aggregation and possible development of domestic and 

international pub1 ic satcorn services, something which comnercial sate1 1 ite 

operators have shown little interest in. 

NTIA said that its four grant2es will contlnue on the program If they are 

found to be moving ahead as planned [and if they choose to]. It said that 

additional organizations may be awarded grants if money Is provided by the 

Administration and Congress, something which is not as yet certain. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 18, Monday, July 28, 1980, p 133) 

o Vietnamese and Soviet cosmonaut crew launched July 23 on Soyuz 37 were preparing to rendezvous with Salyut 6 late last week, where they will spend 

about seven days with Leonid Popov and Valeriy Ryumin, now in their 16th 

week in the space station. 

Launch of Vietnamese cosmonaut Lt. Col. Pham Tuan is a continuation of the 

Soviet prograin to f l;rCommuni st B1 ock crewmembers a1 ong with Russian 

cosmonaut!: on chort visits to Salyut stat!on. 

mission is Viktor Gorbatko, who flew previously on the five-day Soyuz 7 

miss' YI and the 18-Jay Soyuz 24 mission to the Salyut 5 military station. 

Launch of a Vietnamese prior to a Romanian is an effort by the Soviets to 

obtain prestige in the Third World nations, while an affront to Romania, a 

far more developed but independent nation in the Soviet sphere than is 

Vietnam. 

Commander of the Soyuz 37 

(Aviation Week il Space Technology, Vol. 113, No. 4, p 17) 

o Space shuttle management conducting a project review at the Kennedy Space 

Center last week was nearing a decision on whether to fly the Martin 

Marietta manned maneuvering unit and tile repair kit on the first shuttle 

mission. 

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration earlier had generally 

decided not to fly the tile repair capability until after first launch but 

with the inherent option of reexamining the issue if the shuttle schedule 

slipped to being more compatible with maneuvering unit development. 

An option receiving attention last week was to fly the unit and tile repair 

kit but without a specific comnitment to use the maneuvering unit for a 

tile inspection extravehicular activity unless datc obtained by otCler means 

indicated there might be a tile problem. In this case, the planned 54-hr. 

164 
ORIGINAL PA= Is 

OF POOR QUALnV 

first mission could be maintained but with an additional two-day continyeiiiy flight ii:zfi added in the event 

flight. 

EVA. WBS dec!Aod upon during the 

If no EVA were needed, reentry would be after 54 hr. 

and repair were needed, the flight would be lengthened by two days. 

son Space Center is examining in-orbit schedule issues on this concept. 

If a tile inspecticrn 

JohnThe type of event thdt could trigger an EVA inspection of the tiles would 

be crew-out-the-window inspections of the tiles that are visible, telemetry 

from insrumented tiles, launch photography and any abnormal physiological 

cues perceived by the crew during launch, such as any loud bumps that might 

indicate ice from the external tank had struck the thermal protection 

ti 1 es. 

Earlier, there was a consensus in shuttle management that launch of the 

manned maneuvering unit was a commitment to inspect under any circumstances, and that view was being aired last week along with the possibility 

of flying the maneuvering unit without a preflight conmftment to actually 

use it. 

first flight for a possible EVA also was being assessed. 

Impact to the shuttle launch schedule of carrying the unit on the 

Martin Marietta and Johnsor! Space Center manned maneuvering unlt officlals 

are examining how their schedules can be advanced to achieve readiness. 

Completion of a flight unlt by late January, 1981, appears feasible, and 

first shuttle launch is likely no earlier thar, March. (Aviation Week & 

Space Technology, "01. 113, No. 4, p 18) 

July 29: The Center Director discussed the followinb 

(a) Mr. Smith discussed his meeting with the Save Ocr Beach delegation on 

July 24. Their concern was to retain access by privdte vehicle tc 

P1 ayal i nda Beach. They have several suggesti orls including vehicle search, 

ban of vans and buses, and a "tunnel" for the roadway to the beach. 

Action: Mr. Parker was asked by the Center Director to look into criteria 

foricle search by the National Park Service and the feasibility of a 

"tunnel" approach; i.e., a solid wall of fence on the south sile of the 

road with containment fencing on the north side of the road. 

(e) flr ?age reported on Shttle h2.dware status as follows: The third 

main engine was installed on the urkiter during the third shift on Sunday, 

duly 27. 

RCS -- it may be decided today. The pad oxidizer hot flow ran slow last 

week. 

There has b?en no decision as of this date on pulling the forward 

Minor problems are being worked with [iesign Engineering. 

165 
Mr. ct*toc! thst a ienormdurn hdd been received from Mr. Yardley 

regarding the making of mavles during operations and that contractors were 

to be advised. In response to Mr. Page's questlon, Mr. Hollinshead stated 

that the Public Affairs Office is working u!th the Program Office and 

Technitolor and there were no additional requirements from the line except 

cooperation when the film is under way. 

Flr. Griffin stated that CBS filmed the program review here on July 22 and 

it will appear in a documentary probably in September with Morton Dean as 

moderator. The producer, Phil Burton, may be around KSC for additional 

filming with the statement that Dr. Frosch has given him carte blanche. 

Mr. Griffin stated that Mr. Burton will not be allowed to do any filming 

without prior clearance from him. (Center Director's Staff Meeting, Staff 

Notes 827-80) 

July 30: "All the projects were alike in that they were opportunities for 

pew work and new challenges to make successes.n 

Those are the words of Gustav A. Kroll, the last member of the original 

"von Eraun team" to leave the Marshall Center. 

projects on which he has wcrked : ince he cam to Huntsvi 1 le in 1950. 

He was speaking of the 

The head of the Structures Division of Structures and Propulsion Lab, Kroll 

retired last week, just six weeks short of having 35 years of government 

service. 

Kroll arrived in the United States in 1945 in "Operation Paperclip" and 

worked at Ft. Bliss, Tex. , with the 118-member von Braun team. 

was transferred to Huntsville in 1950, and Kroll becane an American citizen 

in 1954. 

The group 

tie has worked in structures throucjhout his career. "I have worked on all 

of them -- every one of Marshall's projects -- Redstone, Jupiter, Saturn, 

Shuttle -- all of them," he said. "In iooking back at all of these 

projects, there are no favorites, but the highlight would have to be the 

Saturn V flight and lanciing on the Moon." 

Kroll received the NASA Exceptional Servic? Medal oc Nov. 4, 1976 for 

"exceptional sciev'.ific dchievement in guiding the overal? structure design 

of the Solid Rocket Boosters which culminated in a unique combination of 

weight sayings, low-cost manufacturing atld high re!iability for reusable 

structures. 'I 

166 
ORIGINAL PAGE W 

OF POOR QUALllr 

He and his wife do not plan to trave extensively, but he does intend to 

spend inore tiine at his cabin on Mlrror Lake In Guntersvllle -- boating and 

flshlng. He also plass to spend more time In hls Hood-working shop. 

They ,411 stay in the Huntsville area. 

first came to Huntsville were, "Beautiful, that's qy home!" tie still feels 

the same way about Huntsville. 

tie sald that his thoughts when he 

Kroll's last official day to work at the center was Monday, July 21, a day 

he says, "I'll never forget as long as I live." 

No. 46, July 30, 1980, p 2) 

(flarshall Star, Vol. 20, 

o Viking Orbiter 1 has used nearly all the attitude-control gas that keeps 

its solar panels pointed to the Sun and its antenna aimed at Earth. When 

the gas is gone, controllers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory will send 

radio commands to the spacecraft, ordering it to cease operating and thus 

end its productive mission of mre than four years. (Marshall Star, Vole 

20, No. 46, July 30, 1980, p 4) 

o KSC engineers today will denonstrate the gaseous oxygen collection system 

that prevents ice frm building up on the tip of tne Space Shuttle's 

external propellant tank. Ice is potential 1. dangerous because frozen 

chunks could break loose during liftoff and jamage the orbiter's critical 

protective tile system. 

The 154-foot long, 27-foot diameter tank holds the super cold liquid oxygen 

(-297 degrees F.) apd liquid hydrogen (-423 degrees F.) propellants burned 

by the orbiter's three inaln engines. 

This collection system, which looks like and is often referred tc as a 

"beanie" or "coolie cap," traps and removes vapors released by the liquid 

oxygen vent system at the tip of the external tank. 

over the top of tht external tank and sealed by an inflatable collar. Then 

cold oxygen vapors are vented from under the cap and releascd some distance 

away. 

The cap is lowered 

Hydrogen gas vented fran the externa 

already installed at the pad. 

tank s removed by a separate system 

167 
ORIGINAL PAGE 1s 

OF POOR QUALm 

The gaseous oxygen collection system is officially called the GOX (for 

gaseous oxygen) Vent Arm. 

Equipment Test Facility prior to being installed at Launch Complex 39-A. 

(NASA News Release No. 133-80, July 30, 1980) 

It is being tested here at KSC's Launch 

o Freeze prediction techniques developed to help protect Florida's citrus 

crop from cold losses are being studied to determine if they can be used in 

other states to protect temperature-sensf tive crops. 

NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a $50,000 contract to the 

University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agrfcultural Sciences, 

Gainesville, Fla., to continue its study with Michigan State and 

Pennsylvania State Universities in cold weather prediction technlques. 

(NASA News Release No. 134-80, July 20, 1980) 

July 31: Indja has announced plans to launch a semi-operational remote 

sensing satellite in 1984 or 1985 to be used in the management of the 

country's natural resources. The three-ax: s stabi 1 ized sate1 1 ite would be 

placed in a Sun-Synchronous orbit of 3'2-625 'les. First Indian launch of 

a satellite, the 35-kg Rohini, designed pr;..-;ily to monitor the launch 

vehicle and space operations, was conducted earlier this month. 

Indian satellites were launched by the Soviet Union. In addition to India, 

Japan has also announced plans to 1aLnch its first Earth Resources 

Satellite in 1985. 

1980, p 153) 

Previous 

(Detanse Daily, Wol. 111, No. 21, Thursday, July 31, 

JULY 1980: In the deep, dramatic tone that identifies a public relations 

manager, George Meguiar announced to us, "We've had our first birth at 

Kennedy Space Center Tours!" 

The newborn was d French addition to a Japanese family. 

It occurred several Sundays ago, said George, who's with TWA Services Inc. 

His boss Harry Chambers heard about it in a memo from tour operations 

supervisor R.G. Lowrn, stating: 

"A Japanese family of seven brought into Departure Control four poodles, 

the mother and her three full-grown off-spring. 

their pets in our kennels, which Carol Wainscott, Loading Agent, took care 

of. 

They requested to put 

168 
Before leaving on the tour, the family tipped off another supervisor, Helen 

Cushman, to the possibility of a blessed event. Helen and Carl "kept 

checking on the poodles periodically," tire men10 con"ir?ves. 

approximately 2:30 p.m. Carl discovered that the mother haa given birth to 

one puppy, Kennedy Space Center Tours first birth ever! 

"At 

"The Japanese family returned from the bus tour and retrieved their five 

poodles, thanked us, and left." (TODAY, July) 

o The Space Shuttle has moved yet another step closer to launch with the 

success of a fuel tank separation test. 

Explosive bolts were tested that hold the 500,000 gallon external tank to 

the bottom of the Columbia. 

bolts explode, sending the tank splashing into the Indian Ocean. The tank 

was not attached to the Shuttle during Saturday night's test. 

After the fuel is consumed during liftoff, the 

NASA scientists were particularly interested in the condi tion of nearly 100 

heat-resistant tiles at the points where the Orbiter is attached to the 

external fuel tank. 

"It seeins aone of the tiles were damaged. 

at the attach points and it worked," Dr. Robert Gray, manager of the 

Shuttle projects office, said Sunday. 

We used a heavier detisity tile 

(TODAY, July) 

o Brevard County could hecome the nuclear waste capital of the nation if 

studies under way indicate that disposal of nuclear wastes in space is 

feasible and desirable. 

NASA officials said last week a plan being worked on envisions sending the 

nation's high-level nuclear wastes into solar orbit from Kennedy Space 

Center. 

These officials said the concept had been in the discussion stage for a 

decade and was still another decade from implementation. 

award of an eight-month research coctract to Boeing Aerospace Co. in 

Seattle advances the concept one step further. 

But last month's 

169 
The $296,000 Boeing contract, paid for with Department of Energy funds, 

wi 11 determine whether the concept is technically feasible. NASA officfals 

who have worked on the project think tt is. (TODAY, July) 

170 
ORIWJAL FAGS m 

OF POOR QUALIfY 

August, 1980 

August 1: NASA says the Space Shuttle will indeed be launched in March, but 

Kennedy Space Center workers will have to really hustle to meet a new 

accelerated work schedule. 

Dr. Roberi A. Frosch, head of NASA, announced Thursday that an intensive 

reviekr of the Space Shuttle program by NASA officials, contractors and outsiders resulted in a decis-im to go ahead with a previously planned March 

launch date, despite a number of problems, both major and minor. 

But the spaceship Columbia will not leave its hangar in September as originally planned, primarily because of continuing work on heat-resistant 

tiles. 

Instead, the Columbia will stay in its hangar until late November while 

workers remove and strengthen about 4,500 additional tiles. The tiles are 

designed to protect the Shuttle from the heat of re-entry. 

The time lost due to additional tile work will be made up by accelerating 

the schedule for mating the Shuttle's various components in the Vehicle 

Assembly Building and readying the Skuttle for blast-off after it has been 

moved to the launch pad. 

Frosch outlined a "difficult but achievable schedule'' that gives KSC workers only 15 weeks to get the Shuttle ready for launch after the Columbia 

leaves its hangar. 

(TODAY, Friday, August 1, 1980) 

The schedule has been shortened by about a month. 

o To keep pace with the forecast of operational use of the Space Shuttle, KSC 

is planning the construction of two new facilities. One facility will be a 

processing area for the orbiter's thermal protection system tiles, while 

the other facility will be used for buildup of solid rocket booster aft 

assemblies and storing solid motor segments. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 

16, August 1, 1980, p 1) 

171 
o Two major milestones in preparing for the launch and recovery of the first 

Space Shuttle were completed recently with the reinsta;lation of Columbia's 

main engines and the successful sea test of various solid rocket booster 

recovery equi pment . 

While KSC engineers were busy checking out the engines, and discussing data 

gathered during the simulated recovery operation, a group of top-level NASA 

managers were meeting here to decide what work was sti 11 needed prior to 

the Shuttle's maiden launch. 

Among the decisions still to be made that could effect the schedule are 

whether or not to pull and densify more of Columbia's thermal protection 

tiles, and what modifications are needed to the orbiter's maneuvering 

system pods. The pods are scheduled to be removed in early September for 

outfitting with new propellant tanks, structural beefups and valve modificatlons. 

Columbia's three main engines were pulled earlier this year for modifications to the high pressure turbopumps, valves and nozzles. All three 

engines successfully passed subsequent flight readiness firings. 

Two of the engines were installed July 19, while the third went in July 

26. 

ther major test - a 20-second Flight Readiness Firing at the launch pad. 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 16, August 1, 1980, p 1) 

Before the Shuttle's first flight, the engines will have to pass anoo The Soyuz 37 cosmonauts ended their mission aboard the Salyut 6 station 

complex yesterday, returning to the Soviet Union aboard the Soyuz 36 spacecraft. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 22, Friday, August 1, 1980, p 158) 

o The Defense Oepartment told Congress yesterday that it has not yet taken a 

final position on whether the Moon Treaty should be ratified but that there 

are areas covered by the treaty which must be carefully reviewed -- namely 

the extension of the Outer Space Treaty's coverage from Earth orbit to 

undefined orbits and other trajectories around a1 1 celestial bodies. 

172 
We must "ensure that certain possible non-aggressive military activities in 

deep space or in the vicinity of the Moon are not precluded," Franklin D. 

Kramer, the Pentagon's principal deputy assistant secretary for international security affairs, told the Senate Space Subcomnittee. (Defense 

Daily, Vol. 111, No, 22, Friday, August 1, 1980, p 158) 

o NASA Administrator Robert Frosch anrtounced yesterday that NASA is scheduling the first flight of the Space Shuttle for March 1981, but he acknowledged that the flight could slip several weeks past that. 

the schedule a month to March two months ago, but had been reexamining the 

whole program in light of a number of difficulties. 

the decision despite a fire Wednesday fn the high pressure oxidizer turbopump of SSME 0010 which shut down the engine 10 seconds into a planned 

100-second firing, but he admitted that this could affect the schedule, 

depending on the uuse. Rollout of the Shuttle from Orbiter Processing 

Facility is planned for Nov. 23, with a 20-second on-pad engine test slated 

for February. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 22, Friday, August 1, 1980, p 

NASA had slipped 

Frosch said he made 

140) 

o Solar Power Satellites in Earth orbit, using energy from the Sun, are not 

subjeLt to the provisions of the U.N.-approved Agreement Governing thc 

Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies ("Moon 

Treaty"), according to State Department legal adviser Roberts B. Owen. 

First, he said :here was an understanding in the U.N. Outer Space Comnittee 

which drafted the treaty that it would not apply to objects around the 

Earth. Secondly, the treaty would bar claims of sovereignty to nonterrestrial resources "found on" and "in place" on bodies -- not to solar energy 

[or, for example, to minerals that are removed]. 

reviewed by the Executive Branch and is not expected to be submitted to the 

Senate for ratification prior to the November elections. 

Vol. 111, No. 22, Friday, August 1, 1980, p 162) 

The treaty is now being 

(Defense Daily, 

o The Soviet Union, which like the U.S. has not as yet ratified the Moon 

Treaty, hi,s been reluctant to give up any of its potential benefits from 

space thst might be implied in the treaty's assertion that nonterrestrial 

resources are the "comnon heritage of mankind." 

From the introduction of the "common heritage" concept in 1972 to April of 

last year, the Soviet Union "adamantly rejected the inclpsion of the concept in the Moon Treaty, citing various legal, philosophical and political 

173 
difficulties with the phrase," including the assertion that "mankind" was 

not a "proper subject of international law, only States were," according to 

the State Department's Roberts Owen. 

The Soviets finally agreed to the comnon heritage phrase last year, but 

onlj after insisting that it be specifically qualified to the effect that 

the common heritage concept in the treaty finds .te meaning "solely with" 

the treaty itself. While the developing countrizs "had difficulties with 

this language," Owen said, the U.S. has endorsed the Soviet interpretation. 

(Defense Daily, Vole 111, No. 22, Friday, August 1, 1980, p 162) 

August 4: It is technically feasible and "potentially practical" to establish a materials production facility on the Moon, which would provide "useful construction feedstocks," such as iron and glass. 

This is the view of Edward Bock, the manager of a 10-month study conducted 

by General Dynami cs/Convai r for NASA i n 1978-79 on "Lunar Resources Uti 1 i - 

zat i on for Space Construction. 'I 

Elements that are readily available on the Moon -- such as oxygen, silicon, 

glass, aluminum and iron -- can be converted into a number of useful products, he said, including rocket propellants, photovoltaic cells and construction materials. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 23, Monday, August 4, 

1980, p 169) 

August 5: The Deputy Director discussed the following: 

Mr. Griffin discussed the press conference on the accelerated STS-1 schedule and said that Dr. Frosch understands Mr. Smith's position on the schedule; i.e., it is doable but any one part that is not met may extend the 

entire schedule. Dr. Frosch said this ii. the press conferer e. 

Mr. Griffin also stated that funds were committed to the accelerated schedule but will probably be subjected to review, especially the RLPM since 

that fund source is so tight. 

He further stated that Headquarters was looking at innovative ways to 

incentivize people to get the Orbiter out of the OPF by November 23. 

174 
Mr. Clark discussed the overtime policy for the STS-1 flow and the bottom 

line is that because of the schedule there will be no way for all personnel 

directly involved in the STS-1 flow to take off earned compensatory time. 

It will be necessary to provide for paid overtime for civil service employees. He further stated that the overtime should be managed and that while 

the overtime will not require prior approval by the Center Directcr its use 

would be subject to review by the fourth floor. Mr. Clark also stated that 

it is hoped that everv individual involved would be able to have at least 

one day a week off. Mr. Page stated that he hoped that it could be 

arranged for everyone to have at least two consecutive days a month off. 

Mr. Hursey advised that the AFGE was advised prior to the staff meeting 

that the personnel directly involved in the STS-1 would be paid for overtime worked. 

Mr. Clark stated that the Comptroller should put together a crisp policy 

statement regarding the use of overtime in these circumstances for the earl i est possi bl e di ssemi nat i on. 

Mr. Clark said that the Center Director would like to have the clean-up/ 

fix-up plan ready by his return and he asked Mr. Minderman to get the 

appropriate people together for a status report to him by the end of this 

week. 

Mr. Clark asked Mr. Minderman to have Design Engineering do a title search 

on State Highway 402 as a part of the continuing controversy with the Save 

Our Beaches group from Titusville. Mr. Minderman stated that Mr. Bobby 

Nelson is working this problem. 

Dr. Buchanan reported that nine people working on Pad A on Saturday ;omplained of "hydrazine expqsure". 

feet level and monitoring established that there was a 5 ppm concentrate 

within two feet of the vent pipe - beyond that distance it was a zero 

level. Monitoring on Sunday esLablished a 2C ppm at the pipe but a zero 

level a very short distance away. Physical examinations of those exposed 

revealed no problems and the employees stated they had just smelled it and 

had no effects. Dr. Buchanan will follow up. (Staff Notes #28-80, Executive Director, notes from meeting held August 4, 1980) 

There was an odor from a vent pipe at 290 

o The Voyager 1 spacecraft was 82.4 million miles from the Planet Saturn yesterday and will make the world's first [SIC] fly-by of the planet Nov. 12. 

Ihp spacecraft': velocity relat've to the Sun is now nearly 46,000 miles 

per hour. Its sistership, Voyager 2, will reach Saturn a year from now. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 24, Tuesday, August 5, 1980, p 179) 

175 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

August 7: NASA-Goddard is contractir,g with Lockheed Missiles & Space Co. to 

develop improvements to the vibroacoustic payload en! i ronment prediction 

sysieiii progrm for predi ct i ng the random vi brati on ewi ronment of pay1 oad 

components in the Space Shuttle Orbiter cargo bay. 'Defense Daily, Vol. 

111, No. 26, Thursday, August 7, 1980, p 190) 

o Numerical fluid dynamics analysis of specific manufacturing-in space orbital f 1 i ght experiment confi gurati ons wi 11 be conducted by Lockheed Mi ssi les 

& Space Co. under a contract being negotiated with NASA-Headquarters. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 26, Thursday, August 7, 1980, p 190) 

August 8: 'I. . . America's preeminence in the exploration of space is 

threatened by the failure of the Carter Administration to fund fully the 

Space Shuttle program (with its acknowledged benefits for both the civil 

and military applications) as well as advanced exploration programs. 

Republ i cans pledge to support a vi gorous space research program. 'I The 

Republican Platform. (Det'xsc hily, Vol. 111, No. 27, Friday, August 8, 

1980, p 199) 

August 11: NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a $337,178.25 

contrac? to the Imperial Electric Company of Akron, Ohio, in support of 

Space Shuttle operations. 

The award is for the manufacture of spare motors and generators for the 

175-ton and 250-ton bridge cranes in the Vehicle Assembly Building at KSC's 

Launch Complex 39. (NASA News Release No. 141-80, August 11, 1980) 

o The first Space Shuttle flight hardware to be rolled out of the Vehicle 

Assembly Buildirg will emerge from the huge structure beginning at 9 a.m. 

Friday, August 15. 

The twin solid rocket boosters mounted on the Mobile Launcher Platform from 

which the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia is to be launched on its maiden 

voyage next spring will be rolled out of the VAB's High Bay 3 for a di5- 

tance of 375 feet. 

176 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QCALIM 

Purpose of the move is to conduct a solid rocket booster deflection test to 

determine how much the boosters will flex under the cold-induced contraction of iiiiing the external tank with its load of siipercola ;iquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants. (NASA News Release No. 142-83, August 

11, 1980) 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded Connell, Metcalf & Eddy, 

Coral Gables, Fla., a $169,250 contract to provide architect-engineering 

services for design modifications to Complex 178, launch site for NASA's 

Delta rocket. 

The Delta rocket, called the "workhorse" of the space program because it 

has successfully transported over 130 scientific, weather, communications 

and appl ications satel 1 i tes into space, is 1 aunched from Complexes 17A and 

178 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. (NASA News Release No. 142-80, 

August 11, 1980) 

o When the Space Shuttle finally lifts from its pad at Kennedy Space Center, 

TV viewers will be looking at a lot of widows' peaks and shiny pates. 

are the flattops and crewcuts so evident during the Mercury and Apollo 

days. 

Gone 

It's not just a matter of style. 

older, just like you and me. 

of us is an agency anathema. 

KSC and its average worker are getting 

But what seems perfectly ncwal for the rest 

NASA officials are concerned about the aging of its agency - especially at 

several key centers, i ncl udi ng KSC. 

"When you are constrained from getting new people, everyone with you gets 

one year older," said John F. Duggan, NASA's chief of personnel analysis 

and planning in Washington, D.C. 

And as delays keep the Shuttle on the ground month after month, rumor h,i 

it that there are plenty of KSC workers eligible for retirement who are 

just hanging on until the Shuttle is spaceborne. These workers will retire 

en masse after the Shuttle's first flight, some say, leaving KSC with a lot 

of inexperienced people on its launch crew. 

The much-delayed first flight currently is scheduled for March next year 

and presumably would culminate years of work fr,r some space center workers. 

177 
KSC first started getting gray in earnest in the late 1960s. 

Apallc 8 clrcwmvigated the noon; the average age of KX's civil service 

work force was a youthful 39. 

1970, the center aged like everyone else, a year at a time. 

werage age has relentlessly crept up each year, little by little. 

In 1968 when 

Then for two years in a row during 1969 and 

Since then the 

By 1975 when Apollo ;inked up with the Soviet's Soyuz spacecraft high abme 

the clouds, the average age of a KSC space worker was almost 44. It is now 

45. And about a third of the work force is over 50. 

Is NASA worried about one third of its workers beins over 501 

"As my old philosophy professor used to say, perception i; everything," 

said George English, director of KSC's executive management office. 

at it this way; two third? of our work force is under 50." 

"Look 

It is, after all, a matter of whether you think the bottle is one third 

empty or two thirds full. 

the aging of the agency and KSC has slowed down dramatically. 

And English stresses that in the last few years 

"From 1978 to 1979, the agency as a whole nad the saallest increase in 10 

years," he said. KSC aged only two ten'm of a year in the same period. 

"What we are most concerned about is 

Duggan. 

tip their hats and walk away at their own option at any time." 

retiremept potential," said 

"At the end of each fiscal year, we look at how many people can 

At KSC, about 9 Dercent of the civil servicf. workers (207 out nf 2,200) 

codld come to work one day and sing the lyrics of that count:.= song that 

tells the employer what he can do with his job. And in a business where 

experience gained from the first launch is invaluable for the success of 

each subsequent launch, the sudden loss of 9 percent of the work force 

could be devastating. 

But like the erroneous and untimely news of Mark Twain's demise, the 

reports of KSC's mass retirement are exaggerated, maintains English. 

"I just don't think it will happen," he said. "I know that's been predictea, and we certainly have some people who are staying around through the 

launch, but I don't anticipate any mass exodus." (TODAY, Monday, August 11, 

1980) 

178 
oR!G!NAC PAGE w 

OF POOR Quam 

o National Aeronautics ana Space Administration reaffi- .ation of March as a 

first space shuttle launch goal will force the Kennedy Space Center into a 

7-day/24-hr. work week witkout any schedule flexibi 1 ity. Under tnis concept, delayed work will translate directly into further launch delay, but 

the workforce will be pushed to maximum output to achieve the earliest 

1 i ftoff possible. 

"It's a question of what is the situation of pressures under which a team 

of people can work best. We believe we are not at a 'business as usual' 

point in this program," Robert A. Frosch, NASA administrator, said. The 

decision to hold to a March goal was made after a lengthy shuttle review. 

The real threat to a March liftoff comes from NASA's decision to densify an 

additional 4,700 ti:?s on the orbiter Columbia, work that will keep the 

vehicle in tne Kennecj Orbi'er Processing Facility until about Nov. 23. 

NASA earlier listed Xwch as the most probable month for first flight, but 

March is riow more ct a goal to maintain the highest work force pace, with 

April the earliest likely first launch date. 

The March goal lops nine weeks off the 24-week scheaule Kennedy Space Center earlier said would be necessary for the highest confidence spacecraft 

flow tnrcugh the Vehicle Assembly Building, pad checkout and first launch. 

That flow was based on a five-day, three-shift operation with significant 

pad between critical tests and buildup milestoncs. The &week schedule 

now Lzlected, however, wi 11 require a seven-day/three-shi ft operation with 

no schedule pad and deletion or combination of some test activities. 

The zzhedule is more aggressive than ever used for an Apollo vehicle, and 

Keni,edy management wi 11 be watching specifically for work fcrce fatigue and 

test reconfiguration difficui ties as threats to achieving the March objective. Potential test reconfiguration problems could arise wher. new tests 

are begun before full analysis of previous test results are available. 

Problems in this area could force time-costly reconfigii, ation and retesting. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 113, No. 3, Monday, August 1-, 

1980, p 27) 

August 12: The Viking I Orbiter, which has run out of nitrogen control gas, 

was switched off by JPL controllers last week. The Viking II Orbiter 

ceased operation earlier this year. The Viking I Lander cmtinues to 

operate on the Martian sur+lce and NASA will receive signa;s from the 

spacecraft on a weekly basis. (Defense Gaily, Vol. 111, No. 29, Tuesday, 

August 12, 1980, p 213) 

179 
August 13: NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a $27,582 contract to the Morton Company in Hayward, California, for ei:*::pment that will 

be used to handle recovery equipment for the Space Shuttle's solid rocket 

boost e rs . 

The firm, fixed-price contract is for procurement of five handling pallets 

and eight retrieval hook assemblies that will be used to handle the solid 

rocket booster dewatering plugs which will be used in recovery operations. 

(NASA News Release No. 140-80, August 13, 1980) 

August 14: NASA's Lewis Research Center is seekfng proposals for analysis of 

the prel imi nary desi gn of a zero-gravi ty combustion faci 1 i ty for Space1 ab. 

The contractor wi 11 evaluate the sufficiency of design, make recomnendations for modification as necessary and estimate costs for final design, 

fabrication, assembly and performance testing of the modified facility 

design. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, 1.40. 31, Thursday, August 14, 1980, p 230) 

o The Soviet Union has launched Cosmos 1205 from Plesetsk on a photographic 

reconnaissance/survei 1 lance mission. The sate1 li te was put Into an orbit 

of 208/332 kilometers, 72.8 degrees, 89.6 minutes. (Defense Daily, Wol. 

111, FJO. 31, Thursday, August 14, 1980, p 230) 

August 15: 

Lear Siegler, Inc., Romec Division, Elyrta, Ohio, for four quick disconnect 

devices to be used in detecting hydrogen leaks in the Space Shuttle 

orbiter. 

NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a contract to 

This device hocks up tr, internal gas sampling lines on the orbiter at the 

landing strip to draw gas samples and measure hydrogen content after landing, (NASA News Release No. 145-80, August 15, 1980) 

180 
OE!G!NAC FRSE IS 

OF POC2 QUALITY 

August 16: One third of the Space Shuttle went on its maiden voyage Friday - 

375 feet out of its hangar. 

Looking llke a couple of oversized candles on a birthday cake, the 

Shuttle's two strap-on rockets were wheeled out of the Vehicle Assembly 

Building atop the mOIr-b?e pad from which the Shuttle is Scheduird to be 

launched in March. 

The rollout was part of a test designed to measure the stress generated 

when tne Shuttle's fuel tanK is attached to the rockets ana filled :;fth 

supercold gases. (TODAY, Saturday, August 16, 1980) 

4ugust 18: Operational mode of the maneuvering backpack for space shuttle 

astronauts bas been modified to reflect the more important re'" the system 

may play during ezrly shuttle fiights if it is necessary to inspect and 

repair the orbiter's thermal protection systea (TPS) tiles in space. 

The 330-1 b. backpack ini tizl ly was developed as a means of increasing 

astronaut mobility during operational shuttle missions as crew members performed extravehicclar tasks such as servicing spacecraft, transferring payloads from nearby Latellites or building large space structures. 

A new diaensior was added to the manfied maneuvering unit (MMU) progrzm, 

however, when it was determined that some thermal tiles might be damaged 

during early shuttle launches and require repair prior to reentry. As a 

result, Martin Marietta last year was requested to expedite development of 

the backpack so it could be available for initial shuttle missions if 

neces sa ry . 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration recently decided not to fly 

the manned maneuvering unit on the first shuttle flight for potential inorbit ti le inspection ana repair, although program officials said development would continue at the current pace sa required systems would be available for early shuttle flights as a backup measure. 

The MMU is a derivative of the M509 maneuvering unit Martin Yarietta 

developed during the early 1970s. The M509 was tested by five astronauts 

during 1973 and i974 in the Skylab orbital workshop. 

Space Technology, Vol. 113, No. 7, Monday, August 18, 1980, p 65) 

(Aviation Week 4 

181 
o Although the Space Shuttle will soon begin carrying the free world's satellites into space, "birdwatchers" at Cape Canaveral who thrill to the drama 

of unmanned launches will have much to look forward to in the next few 

years. 

Presently, 17 space missi3ils are scheduled to be launched from this east 

coast launch site through 1982, with a high probabillty of at least five 

additional launches during those years. 

The 17 launches involve placing a variety of comnunications and weather 

satellites into orbit for both government and comerctal customers. The 

additional launches are those which could be launched aboard traditionai 

Atlas Centaur and Delta rockets or the Space Shuttle. 

may choose between the traditional boosters or the Space Shuttle, depending 

on the shuttle's availability. (NASA News Release No. 137-80, August 18, 

1980) 

The launch customer 

o The Soviet Union launched Cosmos 1206, helieved to be an electronic intelligenLe monitoring spacecraft, on Friday, August 15. 

orbit of 630/659 kilometers, 81.2 degrees, 97.4 minutes from Piesetsk. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 33, Monday, August 18, 1980, p 241) 

It was put into an 

o NASA Goddard has awarded a $14 million letter contract to kDonnel1 Douglas 

Astronautics for production of long lead items for six additional Delta 

launch vehicles. (Defense Daily, Vol. 111, No. 33, Monday, August 18, 1980, 

P 242) 

o Soviet Union has begun to promote the success of its Salyut space station 

program as a direct contrast to the lack of U.S manned flight capability 

resulting from space shuttle delays. 

The United States used its last Apollo for the Apollo-Soyuz test pToject, 

then swrtched over to the design of the space shuttle, due to which it has 

not conducted a single manned space flight for the past five years,* the 

Russians said. "The point is that the strategy chosen bj the U.S. leadership has led to a long break in the implementation of :he national program 

and to the postponement of the programs of international cooperation for 

those countries which have linked their fate with the shuttlp." 

182 
GRlSiNAi PAGE 

The Soviets pointed but how the joint Soviet manned flights to Salyut 6 

with Soviet Bloc countries and Vietnam had expanded their "sphere of cooperation" in international space activities, an area the U.S. has been 

unable to capitalize on because of space shuttle delays. 

OF PC*Oi? Qt'ALtW 

"It is difficult to say who will suffer most as a result of the course 

taken of late by the United States, the course of scaling down economic, 

scientific, technical and other ties with the Soviet Union," the Russians 

said. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 113, No. 7, August 18, 1980, 

P 22) 

o The Viking Project which produced an amazing amount of information on and 

numerous startling pictures of Mars wound down to one active unit August 7. 

At 12:45 p.m. POT contro?lers at Jet Propulsion iab sent the signal to turn 

off Viking Orbiter 1. It will now sail along silently in orbit for several 

years before finally falling onto the red planet. 

The only active unit of the mission is Viking Lander 1 which will continue 

to send messages to Earth. 

each week for at least 10 more years. 

mode, and its nuclear Power supply is expected to last until about 1994 

It will transmit weather data and one picture 

It is operating in an autoniatic 

The two Viking spacecraft were launched in 1975 from Kennedy Space Center 

by Titan 11;-Centaur rockets, 60th arrived at Mars in 1976. 80th landers 

made successful r,pft landings on the surface and sent back resuits of soil 

anal es, weatiier data and nuinerous pictures. {Marshall Star, Vol. ZG, No. 

49, 'gst 20, 1980, p 4) 

o As many as 22 rockets wiil carry wteilites into orbit from the '3pe during 

the next few years to backstop FiASA's Space Shuttle. 

NASA annobnced that 17 missions are firmly scheduled for space flight from 

Cape Canaveral Air Force Station through 1982, with five more flights prcbable. NAS4 calls the flights transitiofial since it plans to eliminate 

single-shot rockets completely once the Shuttle becomes operational 

Customers who have booked space on the Shuttle may book a flight on more 

traditional launch vehicles, ruch as an Atlas Centaur or a Delta if the 

Shuttle is unavailable. Because the Shuttle is ifiore than two years behind 

183 
schedule and because the Shuttle's first flight with a major payload is 

scheduled for September 1982, some customers are opting for a flrm launch 

date on a single-shot rocket. 

Although this will be more expensive, it eliminates the ever-shifting 

Shuttle launch schedule that results from schedule slips and resultant payload juggling. 

According to NASA's most recent schedule for rocket flights, two Deltas and 

two Atlas Centaurs will be launched during the remainder of 1980. In 1981, 

six Atlas Centaurs and three Deltas are scheduled to blast off. Other 

Delta f 1 i ghts are possible. 

During 1982, me Atlas Centaur and three Deltas are committed, according to 

the schedule. As many as four Atlas Centaurs may be launched by the end of 

1984. 

Space industry estimates are considerably higher. McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. - the comoany that builds Delta rockets, tests and launches 

them - forecasts it wi I; be launching at least a dozen Deltas a year during 

lYa2, 1983 and 1984. 

An additional Delta pad at the Cape is being modified to handle the more 

powerful k:ca 3914, a rocket able to send 2,100 pounds into a stationary 

orbit. An Atlas Centaur can put 4,150 pounds into a stationary orbit. 

(TODAY, Ilecinesday , August 20, 1980) 

184 
ORIGIRAL FAE Ts 

OF POOR QUALln 

NASA LAUNCH CALENDER 

Here is the NASA scb*qt, : of 22 expendable rocket launches through 1982 

which was annour--c' ;e: lay. 

Seventeen of the shots are firm dates, with five listed as having a "high 

probabi 1 i ty" for launch. 

MISSION VEHICLE PAD DATE 

1983 

GUE S-D Delta 17A 

SBS-A Delta 17A 

F L TSATOM-D Atlas Centaur 3 6A 

INTELSAT V F-2 At 1 as Centaur 368 

COMSTAR 

GOES-E 

INTELSAT V F-1 

SBS-8 

F LTSATCOM-E 

RCA-D 

INTELSAT V F-3 

INTELS4T V F-4 

RCA-C 1 

INTELSAT V F-5 

1981 

Atlas Centaur 

Delta 

Atlas Centaur 

Delta 

Atlas Centaur 

Delta 

Atlas Centaur 

Atlas Centaur 

Delta 

4tlas Centaur 

1982 

WESTAR IV Delta 

INSAT l-A Delta 

T E LE SAT -E Delta 

TELESAT-F Delta 

GOES-F Delta 

RCA-E Delta 

HC I Delta 

INTELSAT VI Atlas Centaur 

(TODAY, Ijednesday, August 20, 1980) 

36A 

17A 

36B 

17A 

36A 

17A 

368 

368 

17A 

368 

17 

17 

17 

17 

17 

17 

17 

368 

Sept. 9 

Oct. 23 

Oct. 28 

Nov. 20 

Feb. 26 

Mar. 12 

Mar. 19 

Apr. 23 

June 2 

June 18 

June 25 

Sept. 17 

Oct. 29 

Dec. 10 

Jan. 7 

Feb. 18 

May 13 

Aug. 5 

Sept. 16 

Oct. 28 

Dec. 9 

4th Qtr. 

185 
August 21: Not rain nor sleet nor snow can stop the U.S. mail. 

forces of nature certainly have slowed down America's Space Shuttle 

program. 

But the 

Getting the Spaceship Columbia off the pad and into near space has been 

delayed again and again by technological hangups encountered while developing the Shuttle - a radically new flying machine that takes off llke a rocket and lands like an airplane. 

Heat shedding tiles that break up like snack chips and engines that fizzle 

when they should be roaring have contributed to a launch date now more than 

two years behind schedule. 

But all of the Shuttle's problems have not been technological. The forces 

of nature have been hard at work on the hangar-bound spacecraft. 

For instance, the Shuttle program has been plagued by concerns about: 

o Rats eating rocket fuel. 

o Woodpeckers pecking holes in the spacecraft's fuel tank. 

o Lightnlng zapping the Shuttle 3efore it gets off the ground, 

o Birds building nests in launch equipment. 

o Alligators feasting on downed astronauts. 

o Water birds taking over the Shuttle's landing strip. 

(TODAY, Thursday, August 21, 1980) 

August 22: Long after the $9 billion space shuttle makes its first scheduled 

flight in March 1981, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

will still be using rockets to launch dozens of comnercial and scientific 

pay1 oads. 

A recently revised NASA schedule calls for at least 17 rocket launches by 

1982 and as many as 33 by 1984. Most of the Delta and Atlas-Centaur rockets will be caF,.ying payloads bumped from the shuttle. 

Even after the orbiter is in full ooeration in September 1982, NASA has 

tentative plans to launch satellites aboard 10 expendable rockets. 

Force also will rely heavily on rockets as a backup for the tardy space 

plane. 

The Air 

The new schedule inLludes four rocket launches this year, nine next year 

dnd four in 1982. 

launches by 1984. (Sentinel Star, Friday, August 22, 1980) 

The space agency also anticipates 15 "probable" rocket 

186 
~i.,!~~~,.s~~ +,-+& (Y 

OF PCQ'! QuALln 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a $433,563 contract to 

Expedient Services, Inc., of Titusville, for road and ground support services ard roads and waterways maintenance and rcpair. 

The cost-plus-fixed fee contract is one set-aside for small busine:s 

firms. The contract work will extend through December 31, 198C. (NASA News 

Release No. 149-80, August 22, 1980) 

August 25: Some high school students may have spent the sumner trying to 

perfect a suntan. 

Titusville High Senior Gina Wilson and seven others frcm this area made 

lasting contributions to the space program here. 

Others may have earned a few dollars at odd jobs. But 

All but one of the eight will soon begin their senior year in local high 

schools, and some will remain available for part time space center work 

during the year. 

The research they did here ranged from analysis of marine bottom life in a 

long term Space Shuttle environmental effects study to the interpretation 

of satellite views of citrus groves to test technological applicatlons. 

The aforementioned Gina Wilson did much of the work in the marine life 

study, and her contributions were most appreciated in what had been a twoperson shop. Her observations will serve as part of a baseline to observe 

what effects, if any, the Space Shuttle will have on the local ecology. 

Also from Titusville High, Woodrow Grady helfed design a monitor and test 

board which connects widely separated atmospheric monitoring statlons. The 

test board also helps to troubleshoot the monitors without actual visits to 

the mi les-separated "tations. 

Mike Mcdenna and Tom Horsfieid, both of Satellite High School, often worked 

together as they tested fiber optics transmission characterictics and 

developed prototype electronic devices. Also working together wc?e Wanda 

Brvwn of Titusville High and Beverly Roberts of Merritt Island High 

School. . KSC's Malfunction Lab, they tested poiymeric and polyurethane 

substances in an attempt to lircit the iumkor of materials which are used iri 

spacecraft desi zn 

Cocoa Beach Higk Schr3l's Paul Enriques did = study which compares data 

from the LANJSAT spacecraft tc ground observed conditions in both citrus 

grdvss and at phosphate mines in F- rida. Hrr research attempted to verify 

the accuracy of satellite surveys of those twc tvpes of lacd uses. 
The other apprentice from Cocoa Beach High School is Tom Lorch, who worked 

in the wet analysis branch of a KSC chemical lab, determinlng the exact 

amunts of trace chemicals in various fluids. 

all of the esoteric analytical equipment in the lab, and said that the 

experience he1 ped hi in to deci de between a career in chemi stry or engl neeri ng. 

He learned to operate almost 

Helping the students pick a career was just one benefit of the new program. The students' contributions have proven to be valuable to NASA as 

well. As one of the students said, "It makes me feel good to realize that 

qy work here will be used for many years." 

NASA agrees. 

apprehension on both sides at first. 

other. The reports from the supervisors are uniformly in praise of the 

students." One mentor, or supervisor, was quick to point out that next 

year hc, wants four students instead of two because they produce high 

quality work and are enthusiastic. 

One official said, "As with anything new, there was some 

Now, we couldn't be happier with each 

His request could be answered. 

to increase to 250 students, with 16 students, to work here. As word of 

the program gets out, there should be more than enough who are willing to 

trade a summer of tanning for ten weeks with the space program. 

Release No. 148-80, August 25, 1980) 

Next year's allotment for NASA is expected 

(NASA News 

August 26: The overall objective of the Voyager mission is to investigate 

the Jupiter and Saturn planetary systems and the interplanetary medium by 

means of an instrumented spacecraft on a flyby trajectory that will use 

Jupiter's gravi ty-assi st to reach Saturn. 

The scieiitific objectives of the mission are: 

a. To conduct comparative studies of the Jupiter and Saturn systems, 

including: 

1. The environuent, atmosphere, surface and body characteristics of 

the planets. 

2. One or more of their satellites. 

3. Tk nature of the rings of Saturn. 

[3 

OF PQOR QuUm 

188 
b. To perforin studies of the interplanetary medium between Earth and 

Saturn. 

(signed) 

A. Thomas Young 

Di rector 

Lunar & P1 anetary Programs 

(signed) 

Noel W. Hi nners 

Associate Adminictrator 

for Space Science 

(Mission Operation Report - Office of Space Transportation Operations - 

NO. S-802-77-01-02, August 26, 1980, p 25) 

o What costs $22 million, can spot hurricanes thousands cf miles away and 

looks like a hut tub with an antenna? 

The answer is the neather satellite that will be launched from Kennedy 

Space Center on Sept. 9 sometine between 6:27 and 6:58 p.m. aboard a Delta 

rocket. 

The sateilite's official name is GOES-0, short for Geostationary Operat ional Envi ronmental Sate1 1 i te. 

lite that will '7.-.er'' in stationary orbit 22,250 miles above Columbia, 

South America. 

That's aerospace talk for a weather sate1 - 

From this vantage point, the satellite can take pictures of the cloud 

fcrmations over about a third of the globe, including all of North and 

South America. 

GOES-D wi i 1 replace GOES-East, whose vital gases are running out. GOESEast provided all those awesome pictures of Hurricane Allen. But GOES-D 

will be able to do inore than GUES-East. 

"It has the capability of atmospheric sounding," said Ron Gunton, the project's launch system manager. 

various levels above the Earth." 

"It will measure the moisture content at 

What's the use of knowing the moisture content at various levels above the 

Earth? 

According to Pat Linder, test engineer for Hughes Aircraft Co., the company 

that built the satellite, "The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration along witn wedther forecasters have a goa: set that by the end of the 

189 
decade they will be able to accurately forecast weather 30 days ahead of 

time. 

this spacecraft," Linder said. 

And one of the keys to this will be the weather sounding device on 

(TODAY, Tuesday, August 26, 1980) 

August 27: Ronald L. Smith and family of Tulsa, Oklahoma, became the 15 

millionth visitors to take a guided bus tour of the Kennedy Space Center on 

Sunday, August 24. 

Smith, his wife, Bernadette; son, Sean, 13, and daughter, Tara, 10, were 

honored at a special ceremony on Monday, August 25, at the Kennedy Space 

Center's Vi si tors Center. 

Presentations of plaques and photographs on various aspects of the nation's 

space program were made by Richard G. Smith, Director of the Kennedy Space 

Center, and Harry B. Chambers, Vice President and General Manager of TWA 

Services, Inc, , operator of Kennedy Space Center Tours. (NASA News Release 

NO. 153-80, August 27, 1960) 

August 28: NASA's John F. Kertnedy Space Center has awarded a contract to 

hew Giorld Construction of Titusville to replace a 1.5 ton bridge crane used 

in prepdring solid propellant motors for use on the Delta launch vehicle, a 

"workhorse" in NASA's expendable rocket stable. (NASA hews Release No. 

154-80, August 28, 1980) 

o Columbia's complexion is looking better these days, and the meticulous work 

to install heat protection tiles on its outer skin should cause no further 

launch delays, project officials said Wednesday. 

Work on the heat shield tiles --- costing $700 to $1,000 each to make and 

install -- has caught up with revised schedules that could lead to a launch 

as early as next March, they said. 

Astronaut Bob Overmyer, assigned to the Cape from Johnson Space Center in 

Texas as deputy manager of the shuttle orbiter, said concern about further 

delays centers on the orbiter's main engines. 

The time-consuming task of installing the fragile, cerainic-coated tiles 

that will keep the spaceship from burning up on its return from orbit 

sholrld be completed in about 10 weeks, Overmyer said. 

190 
The work is a lot more that cosmetic -- it could mean life or death for the 

astronauts who will fly Columbia. 

"It isn't like going out and tiling your bathroom or floor," said Overmyer. 

But he said the installation rate -- which has been a key factor in the 

program delays -- is averaging about 500 tiles a week, with about 5,000 

gaps left to fill. 

NASA hopes to finish the tiles and other work by Nov. 24, when the Colmbia 

is scheduled to be moved from its hangar into the mamnGth Vehicle Assembly 

Building fw mating to other components of the hybrid half-rocket, halfplane spaceship. (Sentinel Star, Saturday, August 16, 1980) 

August 29: A Kennedy Space Center ironworker was seriously injured Thursday 

afternoon when he feel nearly five stories from a launch platform being 

modified for the Space Shuttle. 

George "Steve" Dixon, 20, of 201 Arthur Ave., Cocoa Beach, was drilling 

holes on the massive platform when he fell, about 1 p.m., said his father, 

James Dixon, who was working as his son's foreman. 

The young man was rushed to Jess Parrish Memorial Hospital in Titusville 

and was in surgery for five hours. He was listed in serious condition late 

Thursday. (TODAY, Friday, August 29, 1980) 

191 
Septenber 1980 

September 1: If the Space Shuttle's technical problems aren't enough to keep 

it out of the sky, labor problems threaten to ground the world's most 

sophisticated spaceshi p. 

Brevard County labor leaders say three disputes earlier this year, settled 

only after strikes by engineers and by guards and a strike threat by Pirefighters, are a taste of the next few years when more unim contracts come 

up for renewal. 

At the root 

COLA. That 

were asking 

against inf 

of the space center labor probl?ms in February aad March was 

doesn t mean space center guards, engineers and f i refi ghters 

for more soft drinks in the canteen - they wanted a guarantee 

at i on. 

Generally, he COLA - or cost-of-living adjustment - is a provision that 

grants a pay increase based on a risi-3 rate of inflation. 

increased es the price of consumer goods shoots up. 

With It, pay is 

For the three space center unions, the adjustment was the only issue holding up an agreement. 

inf1,tion. 

Labor saw it as necessary in times rJf double-digit 

Management, however, considered the adjustment a major cause of inflation. 

(Today, September 1, 1980) 

o Relations between Europe and the U.S. concerning future projects in space 

wi 11 be characterized by both cooperation and competition, depending largLly on the project involved. 

Ariane, Europe's launch vehicle, represents the most competitive end of thk 

spectrum of relatims. Restrictions on the European use of U.S. laanchers, 

initiated by the Nixon administration, stimulated the program to develop 

Ariane. Now, Europe is selling payload space to satellite users who otherwise would have bought launches on the U.S. space shuttle. 

192 
OR!G?NAL PAGE 

OF PS?? QUALITY 

Spacelab, built in Europe and designed to fly on board the U.S. space 

shuttle, probably represents the most cooperative end of the spectrum, 

although a significant segment of the European space cornmunlty belleves the 

U.S. is getting the lion's sham of the beneflts from Spacelab. 

The two programs, although poles apart, have impact on each otner. 

shuttle now has been delayed about three years. 

Ariane view the delay as an asset. 

satellite users to bgy more space on the European launcher. At the same 

time, these delays create anxiety among Europeans who have built experiments for the first Spacelab flight on board the shuttle. 

The 

Europeans involved in 

They believe further delays Will cause 

Between these two extremes, there wili be opportunities for cooperative 

projects between the European Space Agency and the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration. 

Giotto to Halley's Comet. The agency, however, has left the door open for 

a joint ESA/MSA cometary mission. (Aviation Week 8 Space Technology, Vol. 

113, No. 9, September 1, 1980, p 275) 

ESA recently decided to undertake a mission called 

Septedw 3: A prelaunch news conference on Geostationary Operational Envlronmental Satellite (GOES)-D, the first in a series of Inproved weather 

observers for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, will be 

held at 11 a.m. on Monday, September 8, in the Ed0 Buildins Conference Room 

at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. 

GOES-D wi 1 1 rep1 ace the weather sate1 1 i te, GOES-East , that tracked Hurri - 

cane Allen's recent assault on the Texas coastline. GOES-D is scheduled to 

be launched atop NASA's workhorse Delta rocket on September 9 from Complex 

17. (NASA News, Release tio. KSC 156-80, September 3, 1980) 

o Shuttle improvements for the operational era were identified and discussed. The next Management Council meeting ni 11 discuss Shuttle enhancements to improve turnaround. 

on-gojng effort by the Shuttle Program Office to identify Shuttle operati onal improvements. 

The Senior Staff is encouraged to support the 

The Shuttle on-board 02 system is being modified as a result of an 02 

system failure at JSC. 

if any "leszms learned" were applicable to KSC equipment. Mr. Parker stated that a review has already been initiated. 

KSC should also review the failure analysis to see 
The ET GHp vent system backpressure mods should be incorporated into the 

ground system equipment to retaln the 3 psig back-pressure capsbillty, even 

though the static preload between the SRB's and the ET has been baselined. 

Dr. Gray stated that the backpressure mod package and the associated software has been approved for incorporation into the ground system equipment 

as soon as possible. 

Hr. Clark discussed two concerns of BS1 management. 

to have first line directors approval for anyone working over 12 hours per 

day or 60 hours per week. 

requirement and he would review the requirement. 

First, the requirement 

Hr. Parker stated that there was a safety 

The second concern was for pad office space being satisfied by the "boxcars" on schedule. 

tight and efforts are being made to ensure that the schedule will be met. 

Hr. Minderrnan stated that the schedule was indeed very 

Mr. Clark stated that the KSC Playalinda Beach policy has not changed and 

that the 3 1/2 miles security zone i s s t i l l the official policy. 

Mr. Page stated that the decision to rmve the FRCS for structural mods 

had been made and that the work could be done in parallel with no schedule 

inpact. Status of the orbiter and ET hardware was reported as 

satisfactory. 

Mr. Parker stated that the draft of the accident report is complete for the 

worker who fell off Mobile Launcher t2 last week. The report will include 

recomendations to decrease the hazard levels on the HL; e.g., safey nets. 

(Staff Notes 132-80 from Meeting of OSTS Fbnagement Counci 1 Held September 

2, 1980) 

o Estimated cost of procuring the final two Space Shuttle Orbiters and of 

modifying the first two bought in development rose by $866 million from FY 

'80 until the FY '81 budget was presented in January. 

!n FY '71 dollars, the currency used to estimate non-inflation costs of the 

Shuttle, the increase was $331 million, or 25 percent. (Defense Daily, 

Vol. 112, No. 1, Wednesday, September 3, 1980, p 4) 

194 
o The Indian Space Research Organization says it plans to launch 500-600 

kilogram satellites within the next 5-6 years by evolutionary upgrading of 

the SLV-3 launch vehicle. Further, the organization said, It plans to use 

"polar launch vehicles very soon." (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, Ne. 1, 

Wednesday, September 3, 1980, p 4) 

o Satellites may be able to give a one to two day warning of the creation of 

tropical cyclones, according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Work 

to date has beci based on inferring the latent heat [heat released as water 

vapor! in stons by observfng the rainfall rate wfthin the storm using the 

electrical ly Scanning Microwave Radiometer aboard Nimbus-5. Increases in 

latent heat release precede the formation of a cyclone by one or two days. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 1, Wednesday, September 3, 1980, p 4) 

Septedw 4: The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 

program is a joint effort of the National Aeronautics and Space Adninlstration (NASA) and the Department of Connerce, and is intended to provide 

systematic worldwide weather coverage. The GOES program uses spacecraft in 

geosynchronous (stationary) orbit to obtain both day and night information 

on the earth's weather through the use of an in$tmnent which forms images 

of the earth's surface and cloudcover for transmissioti to reqional datauser stations fci- use in weather prediction and forecasiing. 

The pi 1 ot program, Synchronous Heteorol ogi ca 1 Satel 1 i te (SW) , 1 aunched 

three spacecraft: two prototype spacecraft designated SMS-A and SMS-B and 

one operational spacecraft designated SMS-C/GOES-A. Subsequently, GOES-B 

was 5uciessfully launched on June 16, 1977, and GOES-C on June 16, 1978. 

The GOCS-D, -E, and -F :aunch series is presently scheduled, with these 

spacecraft designed for a 7-year useful life. 

As provlded <or in the NASA-Comnerce agreement, NASA is conducting an RLD 

program to develap inprcrved bensors and techniques for the operational program. This program i nc 1 udes development of advanced radiometers and otmospheri c sounders, improved spacecraft subsystems, etc. 

NASA's primary objectives for the GOES-0 mission are: 

o To launch the GOES-0 into a synchronous orbit of sufficient accuracy to 

enable the spacecrdft to provide the capability for continuous observations of the dtinosphere on an operationdl basis. 

o To flight test the GOES-0 in orbit and, when checked out, turn the 

spacecraft over to NOAA for operational tisc. 

195 
o 

(Mission Operation Report - Office of Space Transportation operations, No. 

E-612-80-02, September 4, 1980, p 1) 

To demonstrate, validate and assess the temperatur@ and moisture soundings from the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS). 

September 5: McDonnell Douglas Technical Services Co. has been selected by 

NASA-Johnson over Lockheed Engineering & Management Services for a si x-year 

contract to provide engineering and operations support for the Space 

Transportation System. Estimated cost for the first four years of the 

contract is $25 million. It calls for technical and analytical support for 

STS engineering systems analyses, flight design, flight operations and 

management systems support. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 3, Friday, 

September 5, 1980, p 21) 

o A sixteenth Moon of Jupiter, 25 miles in diameter and orbiting about 35,000 

mi les above the cloudtops of the planet has been discovered by Voyager 

scientists Stephen Synnott in analyzing Voyager photographs. It is the 

third Jovian moon detected via the Voyager mission. (Defense Daily, Vol. 

112, No. 3, Friday, September 5, 1980, p 24) 

Septedw 6: Richard G. Smith, Director of the Kennedy Space Center, 

announced today that the results of the continuing analysis of security and 

safety requirements when the Space Shuttle is on the launch pad indicates 

restrictions to public access to Playalinda Beach can be significantly 

reduced. The ongoing analysis--conducted by NASA and the DoD--includes an 

assessment of national security requirements and KSC topography. "We have 

some more analysis to do and we may conduct sane tests at the Beach Road to 

verify the analysis, but I'm very encouraged by the results we have to 

date," hith said. "We have been working on this question for some months, 

and I feel that we hdve accumulated enough information to update our 

previous statements. 'I 

Current assessments of the shuttle security and safety requirements 

indicates that the public will be allowed vehicular access to Playalinda 

Beach via Beach Road when the Space Shuttle is cn Pad A. Access to the 

road will be restricted during propellant loading, final countdown, launch 

and landing. During periods of vehicular access, the road will be under 

patrqlled security surveillance, potentially including random vehicle 

inspections. (NASA News, Release No. 159-80, Sept. 6, 1980) 

ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY 

196 
Sept-r 10: (Following is the text of NASA's press release on relaxed 

security measures on S. R. 402, leadi, J to Playalinda Beach. 

Released Saturday, it was the subject of two press conferences Monday--an 8 

a.m. Holiday Inn meting featuring Cong. Bill Nelson, Save Our Beach (SOB) 

representatives and Titusville government and business leaders as well as a 

9:45 a.m. press conference at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Headquarters. 

Featured there were KSC Director Dick Smith, Nelson and Canaveral National 

Seashore Superintendent Don Gulton, who also spoke at the earlier 

conference. ) 

Richard 6. Smith, Director of the Kennedy Space Center, announced today 

(Sept. 6) that results of the continuing analysis of security and safety 

requirements when the Space Shuttle is on the launch pad indicates restrictions to public access to Playalinda Beach can be significantly reduced. 

The ongoing analysis conducted by NASA and DO0 (Department of Defense) -- 

includes an assessment of national security requirements and KSC topography. 

the beach road to verify the analysis, but I'm very encouraged by the 

results we have to date,'' Smith said. 

tion for some months, and I feel that we have accumulated enough information to update our previous statements." 

1980, p 1) 

"We have some more analysis to do and we my conduct some tests at 

"We have been working on this ques- 

(Star Advocate, September 10, 

o An oversight hearing on the Science & Technology Policy Act and the activities of the Uhite House Office of Science & Technology Policy will be held 

Sept. 19 by Sen. Adlai E. Stevenson's Senate Space Subcommittee. The subcommittee will review the Administration's first 5-year Science & Technology Outlook report and review S&T issues likely to be on the policy 

agenda in the coming year. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 6, Wednesday, 

September 10, 1980, p 46) 

o On Sept. 3 the Soviets launched Cosmos i209 from Plesetsk which it also 

identified as an Earth resources spacecraft. 

222/306 kilometers, 82.3 degrees, 89.4 m!:lutes. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, 

No. 6 Wednesday, September 10, 1980, p 43) 

It was put into an orbit of 

o The Soviet Union yesterday launched a Meteor 2 series weather satellite 

from the Plesetsk base, putting the spacecraft into an orbit of 868/906 

ki 1 ometers , 81.2 degrees, 102.4 minutes. Moscow says the sate1 1 i te wi f 1 

take global images of cloud cover and underlying ground areas in the 

197 
visible and infrared. It also carries radlometers for continuous observation of the penetrating radiation fluxes in near-Earth space. 

Daily, Vol. 112, No. 6 Wednesday, September 10, 1980, p 47) (Defense 

Septeder 11: Work on the Space Shuttle has been praceeding on schedule for 

a change, and a launch in middle or late March is still likely, despite 

some newly discovered problems, said John Yardley, NASA's Associate Administrator for the Shuttle. 

At a press conference in Washington, 0. C., Yardley said all the major 

activities planned during the first five weeks of NASA's new accelerated 

schedule for Kennedy Space Center had been accomplished. 

But Yardley pinpointed three things that could still postpone a March 

launch; more main engine trouble, unsatisfactory results of tile tests and 

further problems with the Columbia's orbital engines. 

September 11, 1980) 

(Today, Thursday, 

o Installation of the Thermal Protection System (TPS) tiles on the Space 

Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (OV-102), which has been the pacing factor in the 

Shuttle launch, is now thought by NASA to be "well under control," NASA 

Associate Administrator John Yardley said yesterday. 

A total of 26,281 Gf the 30,922 tiles required on Columbia were in place as 

of Sept. 7, leaving 4641 cavities. A total of 738 tiles were bonded to the 

Orbiter last week, with 307 removed, for a net gain of 431. 

all of the tiles should be installed by mid-November, preparatory to the 

roll-out of Columbia by Nov. 23. 

Yardley said 

The schedule calls for the Flight Readiness Firing of the Shuttle engines 

on the pad at the Cape on Feb. 7, with flight by March 31. As things now 

stand, the flight may come a few weeks earlier. 

Yardley also reported that testing on the Space Shuttle Main Engine has 

resumed and that the program is on schedule. He said that the agency plans 

to conduct two more Main Propulsion Tests, the next on Nov. 1, and the 

second on Dec. 1. If these are "letter perfect," additional MPT tests will 

probably not be conducted. If there is a problem, a third test could be 

held at the end of December. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 7, Thursday, 

September 11, 1980, p 54) 

198 
September 12: Over 9,300 KSC workers and their families took the opportunity 

to get a close-up look at the Orbiter Columbia on Labor Day as KSC held an 

Open House at Complex 39. In addition to the Orbiter Processing Facility, 

visitors were allowed to tour Apollo and Space Shuttle firing moms in the 

Launch Control Center and drive their cars out to Pad 39-A and the Shuttle 

Landing Facility. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 19, September 12, 1980, p 

1) 

o Unemployed since the last Saturn V blasted off five years ago, Pad 39-A is 

nearly ready for its new job--launching the Space Shuttle Columbia. 

Major inodifications to the facility are nearing completion, project engfneers said this week, and it's expected to be launch-ready when the Shuttle 

rolls out of the Vehicle Assembly Building late this year. 

"It's going to be a busy fall but I think we will be in pretty good shape," 

said Howell ROW, chief project engineer. 

Most of the current activity involves completion of several modifications 

which were determined to be necessary at a relatively late date in the program and not included in original facilities design. 

Just last spring, for example, it was decided that some method was needed 

to reduce excessi ve moisture which has been absorbed by insul ati on on the 

orbiter's Orbital Maneuvering System, or OMS, pods. Above acceptable 

limits, moisture in the OMS pod insulation could cause structural problems 

during re-entry. 

A dtvice which KSC designed and built is scheduled to be installed on the 

pad's Rotating Service Structure next month to take care of the problem. 

Pad project engineer Gary Ray described it as an encapsulation device which 

will fit over the OMS pods when the Shuttle is on the pad and allow a contiwous flow of hot air to dry out the insulation. 

19, No. 19, September 12, 1980, p 1) 

(Spaceport Ifews, Vol. 

199 
o Charles D. Gay, KSC's Director of Deployable Payloads Operat 

serve as Vice Chairman of the Eighteenth Space Congress next 

ons, wi 

spring. 

1 

Since joining NASA in 1964, he has held positions as Spacecraft Test Conductor and deputy division chief during the Gemini and Apollo programs. 

More recently, he has been responsible for flight hardware operations and 

involved in launch facility modifications, 

The theme of this year's symposium on space technology is "The Year of The 

Shuttle." Sponsored by the Canaveral Council of Technical Societies, the 

Eighteenth Space Congress is scheduled for April 29 through May 1. 

port Ners, Vol. 19, No. 19, September 12, 1980, p 3) 

(Spaceo The GOES-D satellite launched Tuesday is on its way to a post where it will 

keep watch over North and South America's weather, a Goddard Space Flight 

Center spokesman said. 

After the satellite had made two trips around the Earth, a tracking station 

in Australia sent a signal to the new weather watcher at 5:43 p.m. Wednesday to begin circularizing its orbit. NASA had originally planned to let 

the satellite go around the Earth three times before beginning to reshape 

its egg-like orbit into a circlilar orbit. 

1980) 

(Today, Friday, September 12, 

o The fourth Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-41 was 

successfully placed into a 166/49,786 kilometer, 26.5 degree transfer orbit 

Tuesday by a three-stage McDonnell Douglas Delta 3914 vehicle. Kick stage 

fi ring to boost the 875-pound weather sate1 1 i te into geosynchronous orbit 

was scheduled for 8 A.M. yesterday. Launch was made at 6:27 P.M. from Complex 17 at the Cape. 

Built by Hughes Aircraft under a $39.4 million NASA contract, which also 

includes GOES-E and F, the GOES-4 will monitor weather over Canada, the 

U.S., Central and South America, and a large area of the Atlantic, with a 

new capability to provide storm warning. 

Primary instrument of the GOES-4, as well as GOES-E and F, is a Visible and 

Infrared Spin-Scan Rad1 ometer (VISSR) bui It by Hughes' Santa Barbara 

Research Center, which will provide new data on the vertical structures of 

temperature and moisture in the atmosphere--data necessary to detect development of severe weather. 

200 
The launch of GOES Is the flrit NASA launch since the unsuccessful NOAA-6 

launch on May 29, a hlatus of !W days, which Is near the agency's record 

for Inactivity. 

19130, p 62) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 8, Friday, September 12, 

Septeder 13: As many as 15 people who were working on the Space Shuttle 

Columbia at Kennedy Space Center have been exposed to enough microwave 

radiation to send them to the doctor for eye examinations, NASA disclosed 

Friday. 

KSC's Biomedical Director Paul Buchanan said that one of the Columbia's 

S-Band antennas was inadvertently left on after a test Aug. 21. 

antenna stayed on for three days while Rockwell International Corp. 

employees worked around it. 

The 

The offfcial said it was unlikely any of the workers received a harmfu'i 

dose of radiation. (Today, Sunday, September 13, 1980) 

Septeder 15: The Hol loway Corporation of Ti tusvi 1 le, Fla., has won a contract with NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center to relocate two weather 

towers . 

Under the $37,539 contract, Holloway will move the 6O-foot towers to locations in the Space Shuttle Launch Complex 39 area, and to a test facility 

located in the KSC Industrial Area. The firm will also build a small 

instrument shelter for each tower and install power signal cabling. (NASA 

News, Release No. KSC 163-80, September 15, 1980) 

o Rockwell's Space Systems Group has received $945,000 from NASA's Langley 

Research Center for assessment of a1 ternate Thermal Protection Systems 

(TPS) for the Space Shuttle Orbiter. 

month study over Boeing Aerospace four months ago. Primary objective of 

the study is to determine if a more durable TPS system requiring less 

maintenance with a lower life cycle cost is or can be made available based 

on improvements in TPS technology. 

are not limited to, metallic, ablative and reinforced carbon-carbon. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 9, Monday, September 15, 1980, p 69) 

Rockwell was selected for the nineAlternatives to be studied include, but 

20 1 
Septeder 16: NASA is in the midst of a space crunch, but it doesn't have 

anything to do with the Space Shuttle or outer space. 

Space Center are running out of inner space. 

NASA and Kennedy 

Before the Space Shuttle landed, KSC already had 63,GW cubic feet of 

records--enough to fill 6,300 file cabinets or the Columbia's capacious 

cargo bay six times over. 

Now that the Shuttle and all its attendant paper work are at KSC, the flle 

cabinets are overflowing. To make matters worse, the Ceneral Servlces 

Admlnistration has put a government-wide freeze on flle cabinet 

procurement. 

So KSC has decided to have a "Records Roundup." 

That's KSC's name for a month long campaign urging its managers to do something that is an anomaly to most bureaucrats: throwing away something 

other than money. 

hsc appointed a new sheriff for the roundup. Mary Fouraker, and word has 

gotten around town that because of her Air Force experience, she is going 

to be tough on any record holders. 

But cleaning out superfluous records is not as easy as moving papers to the 

infamous file 13, universally known as the round file--not in the federal 

government, anyway. 

"We call it records disposition," Fouraker said, "The government has 

several authorized ways of disposition." One of them, of course, is the 

trash can. 

That is unless the documents fall under the province of Privacy Act, in 

which case, the papers must be shredded "into little pieces beyond any possible recognition or reconstruction," Fouraker said. 

Or unless the record is unique or must be kept to support NASA's continuing 

mission; in which case, the records are retired to either a staging area 

where they are .ept in cardboard boxes in case someone needs them, or to 3n 

archives where they are preserved forever, or they are stored 

elect roni cal ly. 

The newest word is automation, Fouraker said, which includes microfilm, 

microfiche, microphoto, microform. (Today, Tuesday, September 16, 1980) 

ORIGINAL PAC is 

202 OF POOR QUALITY 
o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a $1,214,005 contract to 

Fluid Scientific, Inc., Orlando, Fla., to supply lines that will carry 

Space Shuttle propellants. 

The Orlando small business firm wi 11 provide vacuum-jacketed lines capable 

of carrying the supercold liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen propellants 

burned by the Space Shuttle orbiter's three main engines. 

Propellants are fed to the main englnes from the 154-foot long external 

tank that Is attached to the belly of the delta-winged orbiter vehlcle. 

Two solid rocket boosters, located on opposite sides of the external tank, 

fire simultaneously with the orbiter's main engines at liftoff, producing a 

total of 7 million pounds of thrust to get the Shuttle off the ground. 

One set of propellant lines will be used at KSC in the twin Tail Service 

Masts located on the second Mobile Launcher Platform being modified for use 

in the Shuttle program. 

lant are loaded into the external tank during the Shuttle countdown through 

these structures, located on the deck of the Seuttle's transportable launch 

base. (NASA News, Release No. 161-80, Sept. 16, 1980) 

One and one-half million pounds of liquid propelSepterber 17: NASA Administrator Robert Frosch has rejected a recomnendation 

by a non-Shuttle NASA revlew team that the Tile Repair Kit be included on 

the First Manned Orbital Fllght of the Shuttle (STS-l), which is planned 

between March 10 and 31, 1981. 

The proposal was turned down because Frosch and Shuttle Chief John Yardley 

believe that it would coinplicate the conduct of the mission; they would 

rather devote total attention to making certain that the Thermal Protection 

System will work as planned. 

The TRK reconmendation was one of only 18 proposals, or 5 percent of the 

total, which were made by MSA Chief Engineer Dr. Walter C. Williams, 

assisted by 13 teams of experts not involved in the Shuttle, that were 

turned down. A total of 149 recommendations, or 82 percent, were accepted, 

and another 10 are under study. 

at STS-1. 

Most of the recomnendations were directed 

Yardley said yesterday that "most of the recomnendations not presently 

covered by the baseline Program'' have been accepted. 

203 
"Overall, the assessment provided a strong endorsement to the manner in 

which the program is being carried out and, with the actions being implemented, further increase our confidence in the success of the STS-1 mission," Yardley told the House Subcommittee on Space Science i5 Applications. 

At another point, when asked about the morale of the Shuttle team, Yardley 

said the morale of the contractor personnel and at the NASA centers "is as 

good as I've seen." 

He said the only thing that could hurt that morale would be some outside 

cause for delay of STS-1, such as having to put on the Tile Repair Kit, 

which he said would be "demoralizing." (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 11 

Wednesday, September 17, 1980, p 81) 

o NASA, which has always felt it would need at least five Space Shuttle 

Orbiters, even after the Carter Administration cut the program to four, 

said yesterday that it sees a need to build a fifth Orbiter in the near 

term and a sixth Orbiter seven years down stream. 

Plans for the two additional Orbiters were reported yesterday by Dr. 

Stanley I. Weiss, NASA's newly-named Associate Administrator for STS 

Operations. 

He said the need for the additional Orbiters is based on growing demand for 

launch services. In the mid to late 1980's. NASA has "identified an 

increase in the potential market for launch requirements from the commercial and foreign user community which indicates that our capability to meet 

the total demand will be marginal ,I' he said. With four Orbiters, "this 

situation will become even more critical when the fu!l capability of the 

Shuttle is made available for missions requiring longer times in orbit. . . Additionally, any unplanned interruptions in flight operations. . . will 

further reduce our capability to meet launch needs. . . We are, therefore, 

continuing studies of the Shuttle fleet size necessary to meet these 

demands, includi,ig lead times for potential fifth and sixth Orbiters." 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 11 Wednesday, September 17, 1980, p 84) 

o Mr. Malaga said that the President had signed a Bill on September 10 which 

increases regular per diem to $50.00 per day and actual expenses to $75.00 

(GSA will issue implementing regulations which will probably limit the 

actual to $69.00). POV mileage will increase to 25 per mile. Unless 

result in a reduction of 16 to 17 per cent in available travel money. He 

travel budget language is changed to accommodate th 1 s increase it will 

204 
... __ .- - 

also reported that the pay increase was approved by the President for civil 

service employees to 9.1 per cent with no change in the maximum. Mr. 

Malaga noted that with this increase 118 KSC employees wlll be at the &me 

salary level as the Center Director. 

Mr. Malaga discussed with the Senior Staff the impact on the Agency, and 

KSC in particular, if the Congress does not pass an Appropriations Bill or 

a continuing resolution by October 1, 1980. In essence should such legislation not be passed it will be necessary for the affected agencies to 

cease operations. Mr. Smith directed that Mr. Malaga develop a standby 

closedown plan. Due date: Not specified. (Staff notes R33-80, September 

17, 1980, from Executive Director, KSC, Notes from meeting held September 

15, 198r: item "m.") 

September 18: NASA's Jx~n F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded a contract to 

the New World Construction Co. of Titusville, Fla., to prepare a Sattirn 

lB/Apolio for display at its Visitors Center. 

The Saturn 1B was on display at a space expositlon in Japan during 1978- 

1979 and all costs for transportation, refurbishment and assembly are being 

paid by the Japanese government. 

Under the $186,625 contract the Saturn lB/Apol Io components wi 11 be refurbished at their present location in the turn basin parking lot south 3f the 

Vehicle Assembly Building and then transported to the Visitors Center for 

assembly. (NASA News, Release No. 165-80, September 18, 1980) 

Septesber 19: The Soviet Union yesterday was reported to be preparing the 

launch of Soyuz 38 for a mission with the Salyut 6 space station, piloted 

by Soviet connnander Yuri Romanenko and with a Cuban research assistant, 

Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez, the fi rst black cosmonaut. The launch, expected 

late yestarday, was said to be timed to coincide with Foreign Minister 

Andrei Gromyko's visit to Havana. The Soyuz 37 (36) cosmonauts aboard 

Salyut 6, Leonid Popov and Valeriy Ryumin, have been in space 163 days, 

only 12 days hort of the 175-day record set last year aboard Salyut 6. 

(Defense Daill, Vol. 112, No. 13 Friday, September 13, 198C, p 97). 

o NASA, whose original plans fnr a cometary mission including Halley's Comet 

were derailed by the Administration's denial of SEPS in FY '81, is now 

actively seeking to participate in the European Space Agency's Giotto mission that will fly by Halley in 1986. 

, 205 1 

' -3 

Jt' ' 
Because of the high cost of the mission, €SA suggested to #Ash that a cooperative mission be undertaken, with the U.S. providing a Delta vehlcle for 

the mission instead of the originally planned, more costly Ariane end some 

of the scientific equipment. The Giotto is to be a version of EM'S GEOS 

scientific satellite, which was designed for launch by Delta. 

The U.S. would expect to provide 25 to 40 percent of the instruments for 

the mission, including the CCD camera, and tracking via ti;? Deep Space 

Network . 

NASA's Deputy Kssociate Administrator for Space Science, Andrew 3. Stofan, 

said yesterday that NASA is presently talking with ESA about joining the 

Giotto mission and that a decision is expected within two mcnths. While he 

described the situation as "unsettled," he said the flyby is "ideal for a 

joint start mission." He said that the U.S. would get about the same 

scientific return it would from its own mission at much lebs cost. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 13, Friday, September 19, 19W, p 99) 

Septet 20: Along with the windfall of benefits it will bring for mankind, 

the space shuttle may spam a host of dangerous and unpieasdnt side effects 

whefi it finally roars i n t o o r b i t next year. 

The efivironmental impact of the shuttle program will include chemical fallout, sonic booms, poss ale acid rains and a reduction of the protective 

ozone layer that blankets the Earth's fragile atmosphere. 

In addition to the known impact of shuttle launches, the space center also 

has calculated the consequence of "unplanned events," including flash 

fires, explosions, a shuttle crash in a heavily populated area, or the 

accidental release of toxic chemical propel lants. 

"We can't be 100 percent certain what will happen," said Dr. Albert #. 

Koller, Jr., Environmenta! Manager at the space center. "We've tried to 

considzr e:etything, including worst case incidents that will probably 

never happen." (Sentinel Star, Saturday, September 20, 1980, p 1) 

September 22: Launch of the first in a series of Satellite Business Systems 

(SGS) spacecraft from Gape Canaveral has been delajed due to a development 

problem--detected less than two months before the launch--in a new upper 

stage system designed to boost the satellite into final orbit. 
The SBS satellite, first of a new series of cammications satellites 

developed by Hughes Aircraft Co., was to have been launched Oct. 23 to provide damestic communication services fw U.S. businesses, but program officials said It now appears the launch will be delayed until early bvember. 

The upper stage mtor problem was detected during analysis of a qualiflcation firing of the spin-stabflired payload assist module (PAM), which Is 

being developed by HcDonnel1 Douglas Astronautics Co. to transfer spacecraft launched either on the space shuttle or expendable boosters into geosynchronous orbit. (Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 113, WO. 12, 

September 22, 1980, p 20) 

o NASA Associate Administrator 

thdt an oxygen-rich space su 

John Yardley 

t system des 

Shuttle to inspect and repair the Thermal 

reported to Congress ldst week 

gned for use outside t!w Space 

Protection System burned up in a 

flash fire during unmanned performance testing April 18. 

Extravehicular Mobility Unit would have been fatal in a manned test or 

during an actual mission in space. 

The fire in the 

NASA, after "exhaustive cycle testing of like components," has failed to 

reproduce the fire but has ordered "precautionary" design changes in the 

system and the replacement of aluminum components based on "analytical conclusicns as to the most probable causes of the fire." (Defense Daily, 

Vol. 112, No. 14, Monday, September 22, 1980, p 104) 

o NASA's new Office of Space Transportation Operations has a staff of 70 

headquarters personnel and plans to increase this to over lo0 this -year. 

One need is for people with HATS/cargo airline experience. 

Val. 112, No. 14, Monday, September 22, 1980, p 106) 

(Defense Daily, 

o While the European Space Agency would like NASA to order a third Spacelab, 

the agency does not have a third So-celab "under active consideration" at 

this time, according to Associate Adrcinistrator for Space Transportation 

operations Dr. Stanley Weiss. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 14, Monday, 

September 22, 1980, p 107 

20 7 
i',&lii.L t .'. : s-t 

OF PCSR .: : -? 

o NASA has successfully completed negotiations with the lndian Government for 

a Space Shuttle launch services agreement and is hopeful that the agreement 

will be signed in about two months. 

baseline for a number of other agreements with foreign governments. Launch 

service agreements have already been signed by Intelsat and Satellite hslness Systems, the lattei serving as a baseline for ccrporate users of the 

Shuttle. Within the next several months, additional launch service agreements are expected to k signed with RCA, MU of Germany, the GovermPent of 

Indonesia and Hughes Aircraft Co. 

Monday, September 22, i980, p 107) 

NASA says the agreement establishes a 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 14, 

o As E result of the delay in the Space Shuttle program, NASA has added 30 

new Delta missions in the 1981-85 time period, including backups for 

Shuttle launches. The new kDonnel1 Douglas Delta 3920 vehicle Will cost 

$2-3 million more than the existins Delta 3910 and can boost up to 2750 

pounds to geosynchronous transfer orbit. Production output of Delta is 

being raised from four to eight per year. In addition, a second Delta pad 

capable of handliilg the current and uprated configuration Is being built at 

ETR for operational use in late 1981 or early 1982. Maxinun launch rate 

capability will be 8 to 12 Deltas per year. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 

14, Monday, September 22, 1980, p 107) 

o MSA has now received earnest money payments for 324 Small Self-container 

Payloads for the Space Shuttle. 

flown on a space available basis. 

the first three years of Shuttle operations is estimated to range from 

$3000 to $10,000. The payloads include 154 from industry, 27 from gowernment , 80-1/2 from educational instutions and 52-1/2 individuals. (Defense 

Caily, Vol. 112, No. 14, Monday, September 22, 1980) 

The "getaway special" payloads will be 

Cost for launching these payloads during 

Septea@r 23: 

programs--a Saturn lB--wi 11 be refurbished and put on display at Kennedy 

Space Center's visitor center, and some dapdnese industrialists are picking 

up the tzb. 

One of the massive rockets used in the Apollo and Skylab 

The Japan Science Society and the Japan Marine Shipbuilding Foundation are 

going to pay New York World Constcuction Co. of Titusville mre than 

$186,000 to refurbish and to display the 500-ton space vehicle. 

But there's no need to worry that the gift is a Trojan horse. 

are only thanking NASA for loaning them the rocket for a couple of years. 

The Japanese 

208 
--._ -.. ._.- 

The Saturrl and a number of other space artifacts were sent to Japan for 

display at a space exposition. 

'It's the only time somethino like that has left this country, except under 

its own power," explained A1 kgy, KSC's Deputy Director of Public Affairs. 

The rocket uas displayed, off and on, from July 1978 to Sebteaber 1979, and 

it is now being cleaned and painted in the turn basin parking lot near the 

Vehi cl e Assembly hi 1 di ng. 

The rocket, more than 200 feet long, will be displayed on Its side in an 

area between the access road and the other rockets at the visitor's center. 

A spokesman for KSC's public information office said the cost of standing 

the towerins rocket wts prohibitive. 

He said the vehicle would have to be reinforced to withstand hurricaneforce winds in order to display it upright. 

It is also more expensive to maintain the rocket in a vertical position, he 

said. (Today, Tuesday, September 23, 1980) 

o Soviet cosmonaut, Col. Yuri V. Romanenko and Cuban researcher-cosmonaut 

Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez, launched aboard Soyuz 38 at 11 minutes past midnight, launch complex time, Friday, Sept. 19, for a one-week mission aboard 

Salyut 6, docked with the station at 1:49 AH, launch complex tfme, Sept. 

20, and transferred into the complex. Soyuz 37 (36) cosmauts, Leonid 

Popov and Valeriy Ryumin, already aboard Salyut 6, have been in space 167 

days. 

Oct. 1. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 15, Tuesday, September 23, 1980, p 

115) 

They will surpass the previous 175-day record next week, Wednesday, 

Septerbcr 24: Hr. Malaga reported that the per diem change probably will be 

effective October 1. 

He also reported that debate is continuing in the Senate on the NASA Appropriation Bill and that action is anticipated before the end of the week 

when it will go to the conference cononittee. 

209 
Mr. Malaga further reported that a very small group was being convened for 

phasing down planning should an appropriation bill not be passed by the 

first of October. Plr. Smith asked that the AFGE be advised as soon as 

pract i cab1 e. 

Mr. tlalaga said that the GAO resident, Mr. Bradbury, is to do an STS survey 

at KX looking at the cost base of the mission model and the iapact on cost 

per flight. 

Or. Gray reported that his office had been furnishing documentation to the 

680 for at least a month and he and Hr. Malaga are to get together to 

assure coordination of information furnished to the 6AO. 

134-80, September 24, 1980, Executive Director's Staff Notes from meeting 

held September 22, 1980) 

It appears that the mission del, itself, will be examined. 

(Staff Notes 

o The Soviet Union has launched two reconnaissance/survei 1 lance oriented 

spacecraft, Cosmos 1210 on Sept. 19, and Cosmos 1211 on Sept. 23, both from 

Plesetsk. 

degrees, 88.8 minutes. Cosmos 1211 was launched into an orbit of 215/261 

kilometers, 82.4 degrees, 89.1 minutes. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 16 

Wednesday, September 24, 1980, p 120) 

Cosmos 1210 was put into an orbit of 195/268 kilometers, 82.3 

o MSA has successfully demonstrated a method for production of liquid oxygen 

propellant from a simlated Martian atmosphere via electrolytic techniques, 

a step forward in plans for a Mrs Sample Return Mission. The agency notes 

that the cost and complexity @f return propulsion is "one of the program 

barriers tc planetary-return missions. I' Planetary return or stopover 

missions cai- be made less costly by development of on-site propellant 

production. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 16, Wednesday, September 24, 

1980, p 120) 

o Advances made this year in NASA's Large Space Structures technology 

development program include the following: 

-- Truss Structure. Simulated zero gravity deployment of a 36- 

element truss structure was conducted. A half-scale model of the structure 

module, in a folded configuration, was allowed to deploy in free fall over 

a 27-foot height in a vacuum chamber. 

istics of the module showed that both deployment mechanics and internal 

dynamic stresses were close to analytical predictions. 

Studies of the dynamic character210 
According to NASA's Acting Associate Administrator for Aeronautlcs and 

Space Technology, Walter 6. Olstad, the simulation "Is an important step In 

the development of Space Platforms which could grow from tens to hundreds 

of meters.' The platforms could be constructed in space fran modules 

depl oyed by the Shutt 1 e Orbiter. 

-- Haop-Colum Antenna. Joints for a hundred-meter-aperture 

hoop-col urn antenna were fabricated , and acceptable ki newati c behavi or was 

demonstrated. Additionaily, environmental and RF testing of graphite-fiber 

cables wa5 conducted and the general performance characteristics uere found 

to be satisfactory. 

negotiating a contract with Harris COrp. for development of a hoop-colum 

antenna. ) 

(NASA's Langley Research Center is currently 

-- Electrostatic Hdrane Antenna. 

shaped electrostatically at a 60,000 volt bias, providing "the first 

large-scale verification of this capability." NASA says that the 

electrostatic shaping holds "high potential" for use in configuration 

control of large, very-hi gh-preci si on, acti vely-shaped antennas. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 16, Wednesday, September 24, 1980, p 121) 

A 16-foot-diameter membrane was 

o The Senate has voted 66-0 to cut the advertising budget of the 13 agencies 

funded in the HUD-Independent Agencies appropriations bill, including NASA, 

by 10 percent. Advertising by the agencies cost $8.6 million in FY '79, 

including $1.9 million by NASA. Amendment sponsor Max Baucus quoted one 

NASA employee as saying it would take "an 18-wheeler to carry away one copy 

of all the publications NASA puts out." 

Wednesday, September 24, 1980, p 123) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 16, 

September 25: The Senate Tuesday passed the $5.568 billion FY '81 NASA 

appropriation recomnended in conmittee, an increase of $51 million over the 

Preri dent's revi sed budget request . 

The bill includes $4.430 billion for R&D; an increase of $65.5 million; 

$120 million for Construction, and $1.032 billion for Research b Program 

Management, offset by a $14 million reduction to be made in consultants 

contracts. Sen. Jack Schmitt (R-N.M.) tried to get that reduction reduced 

on the grounds that NASA's consultants contracts were overstated but was 

unsuccessful . 

NASA is also liable to a 2 percent across-the-board reduction made in tne 

HUD-Independent Agencies appropriations bi 11. 

21 1 
The one change made in the comnittee's bill on the floor was an amendment 

by Sen. Howell Heflin (D-Ala.) exempting from the 2 percent cut any project 

that uses or will use solar energy as a source of energy-a stipulation 

which applies primarily to development by NASA of the Solar Electric 

Propulsion Stage (SEPS), for which Heflin persuaded the cocmittee to 

provide $12 million. The understanding Is that the 2 percent not taken 

from the SEPS wlll be caken frm other NASA programs. 

The House has voted to cut $20 million from the FY '81 NASA Construction/ 

RAPH appropriation but did not act on the agency's RID budget. 

expected to be worked out in conference with the Senate. (Defense Daily, 

Vol. 112, 190. 17, Thursday, September 25, 1980, p 131) 

That is now 

Septder 26: NASA engineers are catching on to the trend toward backyard gardening in an attempt to cut down on rising ecergy costs, 

As part of an exploratory project funded by NASA Headquarters Offlce of 

Energy Programs, KSC has been allotted $20,000 to work on an energy efficient method of distilling feed stock such as sugar cane and cassada for 

use as a source of energy In the future. 

A three-year NASA program on biomass energy will study the possibility of 

growing selected plant species for production of energy through d: rect cmbustion, fermentation to alcohol and/or digestion to methane. 

Wally Boggs, Design Engineering Energy Projects Engineer, described ways in 

which the sugar cane juice and molasses are processed for use. 

"Gasahol requires pure, water-free alcohol . cent of water by distillation requires much of the heat energy input. 

Extracting the last few per- 

"We've experimented with vacuum assist but the best method known is to pass 

the vapor through drying agents ;uch as corn meal which absorb water and 

leave the a?cohol ,'I said Boggs. 

8oggs says there are plans for using part of the small buildlng south of 

the Flight Crew Training Building to install a 20-gallon per day prototype 

plant. The plant nlll use a still designed by James McDowell and Joseph 

Lombardi of PRC and built in the prototype development shops under Bob 

Newall of TG-DSD. 

212 
This sti 11 will ferment the sugar cane juices and Is expected to be operational late this year. Funding is being requested for two more years' 

research, said 8oggs. 

Another project in the making from the Biomedical Office is the growth of 

cassava, a plant with a starchy root system being used extensively in South 

America for biomass. 

Boggs reports that plzns are underway for GSA to provide KSC with an 

experimental car whifn has been converted to burn pure alcohol for testing 

purposes. According to Boggs, 10 percent of the fuel required by the KSC 

vehicle fleet could possibly be supported by biomass grown at KSC, if the 

program were developed fully. (Spaceport News, Wol. 19, No. 20, September 

26, 1980, p 3) 

o Technicians at the Kennedy Space Center have discovered a sheared bolt on 

an attach fitting for one of the solid rocket motors on Delta 153. This is 

the Delta rocket presently being prepared to launch the Satellite Business 

Systems satellite in early November. 

Technicians are working to remove all of the nine Castor IV solid rocket 

motors from the Delta's main body for further inspection. The solid 

motors, which weigh 24,500 pounds each, are held in place by two ball and 

socket type fite.,igs. 

fitting. 

However, the weight is born entirely by the aft 

The sheared bolt was discovered during routine preparations for sol id motor 

alignment, hhich showed some of the RTV insulation on the solid motor was 

pulled away from the case around the attach point. 

lately suspended by a hoist and further examination showed that the 1-1/2 

inch diameter bo1 t had sheared. 

The motor was imnedCharles 0. Gay, KSC Launch Director, says it is probable that the bolt problem will cause a further slip in the SBS launch schedule. 

schedujed to be launched October 23, the launch was postponed for additional tests of the solid motor which is carried on board the satellite 

itself to circularize its orbit at synchronous attitude. 

Release NO. 170-80, September 26, 1980) 

Originally 

(NASA News, 

213 
-- ., ..I 1 

September 28: The first ship specifically designed to recover NASA's space 

vehicles was christened here Saturday with a shower of words and a fifth of 

champagne. 

Speaking over the fog horns of ships cruising by Atlantic Marine Inc.'s 

dock, dignitaries in their Sunday best said what was necessary, and what 

was not, in a ceremony comnissioning the UTC Liberty. Tatooed shipbut lders 

in their Saturday best and the ship's eager crew, dressed smartly in their 

uniforms, joined a respectable crowd of well wishers in dedicating and 

inspecting the vessel, whose white paint was still bright and sticky. 

The Liberty and its brother ship, the Freedom, are designed to recover the 

Space Shuttle's two assist rockets after they fall into the Atlantic. The 

ships were built by United Marine for United Space Boosters Inc. , the 

company that will operate the vessels for NASA out of Kennedy Space 

Center. (Today, Sunday, September 28, 1980) 

o The last few thousand pieces of one of high technology's most frustrating 

jigsaw puzzles are finally beginning to fall into 

Space agency officials say that after 2.5 miliion 

end to the installation of the space shuttle's un 

system of heat-resistant tiles is i:, sight. 

place. 

man-hours of labor, an 

que thermal protect on 

"We feel we are over the hill," says John Yardley, Associate Administrator 

of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 

all of the tiles on by mid-November." (The Miami Herald, Sunday, September 

28, 1980) 

"We expect to have 

Septeaber 29: The Soyut 38 cosmonauts, Soviet Col. Yuri V. Romanenko and 

CJban research-cosmonaut Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez , launched from Bai konur 

Cosmodrome at 11 minutes past midnight, launch complex time, Friday, Sept. 

19, returned LO the Soviet Union Friday, Sept. 26, landing in Kazakhstan at 

8:54 PM, launch complex time. 

spacecraft, were cosmonauts Leonid Popov and Valeriy Ryumin who will surpass the manned endurance record of 175 days Wednesday. 

Vol. 112, No. 19, Monday, September 29, 1980, p 140) 

Left aboard Salyut 6, with their Soyuz 37 

(Defense Daily, 

214 
o The Soviet Union has launched another in what has become a heavy-trafficked 

space missions category-Earth resources, wl th the launch of Cosmos 1212 on 

Sept. 26 from Plesetsk. The satellite was put into an orbit 216/275 kilometers, 82.3 degrees, 89.1 minutes. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 19, 

Monday, September 29, 1980, p 146) 

SepteaCr 30: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration paid 

Rockwejl International Corp.. a major contractor for the space shuttle, 

only 57 percent of an $8 inillion performance bonus in 1979. 

The bonus payment, NASA's way of telling contractors they like their uork, 

was substantially less than incentive awards between 74 percent and 92 percent given three other major contractors during the same period, Cocoa 

Today reported Monday. (Sentinel Star, Tuesday, September 30, 1980) 

o New World Construction, Inc., of Titusville, Fla., has won a $46,893 contract with NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center for constructlon work on 

KSC's new Flight Kit Facility. 

Under the contract, New World will make alterations to an existing building 

to include general refurbishment, installation of oxygen and nitrogen llnes 

and painting. 

bility to check out and store Space Shuttle flight kits. 

These alterations will provide the buildlng wlth the capaFlight kits are groups of instruments that provide power, coolants and fittings for shuttle payloads. Each payload that will be carried into orbit 

in the orbiter's cargo bay will have specific functions and requirements. 

The flight kits are designed to make these payloads adaptable to the 

orbiter. (NASA News, Release No. 172-80, September 30, 1980) 

o The Soviet Union has launched a Progress I1 resJpply spacecraft to the 

Salyut 6 orbital station where cosmonauts Leonid Popov and Valeriy Rycrin 

will tomorrow surpass the 175-day manned endurance record set last year 

aboard the station. 

Just how many days Popov and Ryumf n wi 11 add to the old record is in question, however, following the return last week of the Soyuz 38 guest crew, 

froin a one-week visit aboard Salyut 6, using the same spacecraft in which 

215 
they were launched. 

the previous Soyuz left at the station, leaving the most recent Soyuz for 

the endurance crew. 

In the past, the visiting cosmonauts have returned In 

The current return spacecraft available to Popov and Ryumin, Soyuz 37, has 

now been in space since July 23, or 69 days, which is only about 3 weeks 

short of the 90-day in-space limit the Soviets have apparently put on the 

system. 

A new guest cosmonaut visit would provide Popov and Ryumln a new spacecraft 

and provide them with the capabllity for several weeks of addltional stay 

aboard the station, but the Soviets have been spacing their Soyuz flights 

at approximately two-month intervals, so that a new cosmonaut visit would 

normal ly not be expected before mi d-November. 

The Progress I I resupply spacecraft , containing expendable materials and 

other cargo, was launched from Baikonur at 8:lO PM Sunday, Sept. 28. It 

was put into an orbit on 193/270 kilometers, 51.6 degrees, 88.8 minutes. 

Tne Soyuz 38 cosmonauts, Soviet Col. Yuri V. Romanenko and Cuban 

researcher-zosmonaut Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez, returned Friday, Sept 26, at 

8:54 PM launch complex time, landed 175 kilometers southeast of 

Dzhezkazgan, the general landing area on the Sary Shagan ABM range, east of 

the Baikonur Cosmodrome, where the most recent Soyuz missions have been 

recovered. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 20, Tuesday, September 30, 1980, 

P 147) 

216 
October 1980 

October 1: In deference to ancient seafaring tradition, the U.S. space 

agency decided last year to name its tiny fleet of space shuttles after 

famous sailing ships of bygone days: 

Atlantis. 

Columbia, Discovery, Challenger and 

With less fanfare, the start of regular shuttle flights in 1982 will revive 

another marltime tradition. 

It is called "going down with the ship." 

In any dire emergency aboard America's first shuttle spaceship, the fate of 

the captain, crew and passengers wi 11 be irrevocably comnitted to bringing 

the shuttle home intact. 

There will be no call to abandon ship. There will be no lifeboat. And 

there will be nowhere to jump. 

As a temporary precaution, the first few test flights will include 

ejection seats for the two-man crew, though authorities agree that 

abandoning the shuttle in flight will afford the astranauts only marginal 

chances of survival. (Sentinel Star, October 1, 1980) 

o Space shuttle Main Engine number 0006 has been returned to the National 

Space Technology Laboratories where it will support the next test of the 

Shuttle's main propulsion system. 

for about Nov. 1. 

That test is now tentatjvely scheduled 

The engine arrived at the NASA test site near Bay St. Louis, Mlss., Friday, 

from the manufacturer's facility at Canogc, Park, Calif. 

California for repairs following the last Maln Propulsion Test, July 12, 

during which a burn-through occurred in the engines's pre-burner chamber 

wall. 

It was in 

Engine 0006 will now undergo a 1.5 second ignition test, a short 

calibration firing dnd a "full duration," 520-second static firing, before 

being reinstalled in the Main Propulsion Test Article about mid-October. 

(Marshall Star, Vol. 21, No. 4, October 1, 1980, p 4) 

217 
o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded Unified Services, Inc., of 

Washington, 0. C., a $3,314,353 extension of its contract for custodial 

services at the Spaceport. 

Unified Services wi 11 be responsible for all custodial services, including 

janitorial, trash and garbage disposal and clean room services at Kennedy 

Space Center. 

Unified Services is a minoritj-owned firm, founded in 1971 in Washington, 

D. C. The firm now has operations in 3. C., Maryland, Virginia, Florida 

and Colorado. The company's founder and president, Jerry Davis, Jr., is a 

member of the Board of Directors of the National Alliance of Black 

Manufacturers and was a delegate to a recent White House conference on 

Small Businesses. (NASA News Release No. 167-80, October 1, 1980) 

o NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center has awarded an $80,000 contract to 

Touchton's Alr Brake Co., of Green Cove Springs, Fla., for 40 railroad box 

car bodies that will be used at the Center for work space. 

The insulated box car bodies will be connected and permanently installed at 

Launch Complex 39's Pad A to serve as an eating, storage and work area for 

KSC contractor groups that support Shuttle launch operations. Pad A, 

launch site for NASA's Saturn V rockets during the Apollo lunar landing 

program, has been refurbished and will be the launch base for the first 

Space Shuttle mission, now scheduled for March, 1981. 

The concept of using box cars as work space was chosen because of their 

ability to withstand the heat and blast of a Shuttle launch. The box cars 

will be permanent fixtures on Pad A, and will not have to be moved as were 

work trailers used during the Apollo program, a decision which will save 

two to three hundred manhours for each launch. 

168-80, October I, 1980) 

(NASA News Release No. 

October 2: Mr. Waiton reported that all of the solid rockets had been taken 

down from the Delta and there was extensive discussicn regarding the 

hardware problem and it appears that improper heat treatment is the cause 

of the current problem. 

until KSC has been satisfied that the problem has been resolved. 

There will be no new launch schedule for the Delta 

2 18 
Mr. Walton also reported on Mr. Rigell's successful trip to Europe to rnrk 

the delivery date for the Spacelab Engineering Model. 

ESA expects to ship the Eng'neering Model ahead of schedule with the C5A 

arriving on December 5 and 13, and the 747 between those two dates. It is 

hoped that the equipment and the Englneerlng Model can be put on the test 

stands and shut down for Christmas. 

Mr. Rock stated that 

Mr. Walton further reported that there are significant structural problems 

with Spacelab flight unit #2. The estlmate is the subcontractor could plan 

a fix in nine months; however, ERN0 is considering doing the work in their 

own shop thereby reducing the time required. 

European personnel will arrive at KSC with the Engineering Model. 

A cadre of six to eight 

There is to be a Ground Operations Review at MSFC on September 30 which 

Mr. Rigel1 will attend. There are approximately 1100 RID'S. (Center 

Director's Staff Meeting Notes #35-80, ktober 2) 

o The Soyuz 38 cosmonauts, Leonid Popov and Laleriy Ryumfn, aboard Salyut 6, 

yesterday broke the old manned endilrance record of 175 days 36 minutes set 

by cosmonauts Vladimir Lyakhov and Ryumin In August 1979. The Progress 11 

resupply spacecraft, launched Sept 28, docked with the Soyuz 37-Salyut 6 

complex at 10:03 Pk, laurlch complex time, on Tuesd;iy, Sept. 30. How many 

days the cosmonauts will add to the old record will now be dependent upon 

how long mission control will allow the Soyuz 37 spacecraft to remain in 

orbit or whether it will be replaced shortly. (Defense Daily, Vol. i12, 

No. 22, Thursday, October 2, 1980, p i63) 

o One of NASA's major tracking and data system activities during the FY 

'81-85 period will be to continue study of concept for the feasibility of 

"second-generation communications-ready satellites in geosynchronous orbit'' 

to support both Earth-orbital and planetary missions in the 1990's, 

according to Tracking Chief R. E. Smylie. [A competitive prelitlinary 

design study of a data collection and relay system for the 1990's is being 

conducted ty Goddard Space Flight Centor. (Defense Daily, Vol. li', No. 

22, Thursday, October 2, 1980, p 165) 

o A recepL'on honoring the team which developed the highly successful Solar 

Maximurr; Mission (SMI.?) spacecraft will be held at Goddard Space Flight 

Center on the evening of Oct. 16 under the auspices of the National Space 

Club. NASA Administrator Dr. Robert Frosch and Goddard Director A. Thomas 

213 
Young will address the reception, which will include the presentation by 

NSC of a portrait of rocket pioneer Dr. Robert H. Goddard. 

Vol. 112, No. 22, Thursday, October 2, 1980, p 165) 

(Defense Dally, 

October 3: A Satellite business Systems representative proudly showed off 

the company's first satellite to reporters at Cape Canaveral Air Force 

Station on Thursday, bragging that the company wlll provide its customers 

with something better for less. 

In the case of the SBS satellite, now tentatively scheduled for launch 

Nov. 6, that something will be the capability of sending and receiving 

voice, video and computer signals. 

With a relatively small rooftop antenna, the company's customers can use 

the satellite to exchange computer information at up to 3.1 million bits of 

information per second; to send electronic mail ; to carry on phone conversations; and to conduct televised conferences. 

SBS maintains customers will be able to reduce their long-distance phone 

bills with the satellite. Using a SBS system, distance between the computer or the people talking with one another is irrelevant, the company 

says. It doesn't cost a New York customer a nickel more to call Los Angeles than it does to call Boston. 

Westinghouse electric Corp. , Aetna Life & Casualty, Boeing Computer Services Inc. and IBM have already contracted to ilse SBS's satellite. (Today, 

Friday, October 3, 1980) 

o Patrick AFB's Col. Russell Rubeor and KSC's Wi?liam Holden wi;l kick off 

the 1980 Combined Federal Campaign for Brevard County on October 6. 

is serving as chairman, and Holden as vice-chairman for this year's campaign, the mly annual charitable fund drive of the year for federal 

empl oyees. 

Rubeor 

This year's CFC goal 's 9195,000, and monies collected will go toward 

supporting voluntary agencies such as the United Way, the National Health 

Agerrcies and the International Health Agencies and the International Service Agencies. (NASA News Releas2 No. 175-80, October 3, 1980) 

ORIGINAL FAGE fS 

OF POOR QUALfn 

220 
October 6: One of those "useful and productive jobs" Sen. Adlai E. Stevenson 

alludes to might be tbe manufacture - in space - of medicines that could 

help eradicate diseahes mankind has suffered for centuries. 

That hope rests in the hands of a pharmaceutical c-any that has entered 

into an agreement with McDonnel1 -Douglas, the manufacturer of space hardware, and the Fcatlonal Aeronadtics and Space Adnlnfstration to carry out 

experiments with the help of the space shuttle. 

Those experiments will 3e aimed dt proauzing purer drugs in greater quantity than can n3w be produced on Earth, thus pushing ahead the frontiers of 

medicine through radically advanced techniques not presently feasible. (The 

Flcrida Times-Union, October 6, 1980) 

October 7: Citin5 personal opportunities ir! private industry, NASA Administrator Robert Frosch said Monday he is resigning as of Jan. 20, 1981. 

The space agency chief, in a prepared statement released in Washington, 

said he has accepted the presidency of the American Assocfation of Engineerirlg Societies, an iimbrel la organization of 39 engineers' groups around 

the country. 

"I can no longer ignore the competitive opportunities available to me and 

my family in private life," he said. 

Kennedy Space Center officials said they doubted Frosch's resignation would 

set back the Space Shuttle's first scheduled launch in March. 

lated his replacement would be someone as strongly comitted to the Shuttle 

program as was Frosch. {Today, Tuesday, October ?, 1980) 

They specuo The Soviet Union says the mission of Soyuz 35 cosmonauts, Leonid Popov and 

Valeriy Ryumin, aboard the Salyut 6 station will soon be "drawing to an 

end. 'I 

Popov and Ryumin, who were launched into space on April 9, broke the previous manned endbrdnce record of 175 days 36 Rinutes on Wednesday, Oct. 1. 

They are scheduled to return in the "first half of October" and "no missions will be sent to the station before then." 

221 
Although the Soviets say "sattlng records is not the alm of thls spaceflight," Popov and Ryumin have now been in space for 181 days. 

The Soviets launched two new space missions in the past few days -- Cosmos 

1213, a reconnai ssance/survei 11 ance sate1 1 i te from PI esetsk on Oct. 3, with 

an orbit of 207/343 kilometers, 72.8 degrees, 89.6 minutes, and a Raduga 

comunications satellite, with an international designation of 

Statsionar-3, put into an orbit Qf 36,000 kilometers, 0.4 degrees and 24 

hours 4 minutes. Raduga is used for radio and telegraph in the centimeter 

band and for black and white television for the Orbita network. (Defense 

Daily, Vol. 112, No. 25, Tuesday, October 7, 1980, p 184j 

October 8: The GOES-D meteorological satellite was launched by Delta vehlcle 

last month from Kennedy Space Center for the National Oceanic and Attnospheric Administration carrying a new type of Instrument known as the VAS, 

or Vi si ble Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) Atmspheri c Sounder. 

Sate1 lite separation occurred as planned, and the meteorological satellite 

went into geosynchronous orbit about 30 hours after liftoff. 

Scientists at Goddard Space Flight Center and the University of Wisconsin 

at Madison will conduct a long-term experimect to evaluate the usefulness 

of this instrument for prediction of severe local hurricanes, storms and 

other short-term weather phenomena. 

The new atmospheric sounder will aiso be able to measure atmospheric teffiperatures and moisture at various altitude layers. As with previous GOES 

satellites, the new instrument will provide both day and night cloud cover 

photos with a resolidtion of approximately 0.9 kilometers (.55 miles) in 

daylight and 6.9 k:lometers (4.28 miles) at night. 

Since GOES (Geostationary 3perational Environmental Satellite) is stationary with respect to the Earth, it can observe storms as they develop and 

hence should be useful in a forecast and warning system. (Marshall Star, 

Vol. 21, No. 5, October 8, 1980, p 2) 

o International ksiness Machine Corporation, with offices at 7900 N. Astronaut Blvd., Cape Canaveral, has won a modification to an existing contract 

to provide project management and integration support for Space Shuttle 

payload facilities at the John F. Kennedy Spdce Center. 

fication has a value of $12,925,230. 

The contract modi- 
Under the contract, 1BM will perform deslgn, development, lntegratlon end 

other servlces for Cargo Inteyratlon Test Equlpcnent (CITE) at KSC. 

servlces involve receivlng and assembling CITE gear for Spacc Shuttle payloads. The work will be done dt horlzontal and vertical payload processlnq 

facllJties at KSC and dt vertlcal processicg facllltles at Cape Canaveral 

Air Force Station. [NASA News Release Ns. 176-80, October 8, A980) 

The 

o .\ASA's John F. Kev?e?y Siidce Center nds awarded a contract worth $6,689,666 

to U&J Construction Cor;. , Loiod. for work m Pad 8 of Launch Cornpiex 39. 

It is the larsest castruct!on ccntract ever let by KSC to a business, according to a KSC procurement officer. 

The work to be don by k82 Canstcscticp, which has had previous KSC contrac s, includes installing the long-run piping dnd cable to puny and monitor fuels, coolant. gaseous helldm and nitrogen, cowpressed air and hydraulic fluids from thelr storage aieas on the pad to the Fixed Servlce Structure and the Rotatlng Service Strbcture. Connections to the Space Shuttle 

are made from the two service towers. he contract Is a flxed-prlce agreement with the work expectea to be finished In 20 months. (NASA News Release 

No. 177-80, October 8, i380; 

o The promotion of Richdrd ti. Schnoor, of Cocoa Beach, and Nathaniel Pilate 

of Mims, to new positioris at the Kemedy Space Center, has been announced 

by Center Oi rector Richard Smi th. 

Schnoor becomes the Chief of the Institutional Management Office and Pilate 

succeeds hiin as Chief, Center Services Division. Pilate has served as 

Chief of the Equal Employment Opportunity Office since 1970. 

In hls new position, Schnow is responsible for the planning and management 

of the Resources and Program Ydnagement approprlatlon at KSC. He also will 

direct development and improvement of financial systems, conducting studles 

to determine whether various functions should be perform& by contractor or 

civil service personnel, and provides KSC point of contact for auditing 

services and the U.S. Inspector General's office. 

Pilate's new responsibilities include providing for services to the Center, 

such as writing, printing, custodial, library and mail and distribution. 

(NASA News Release No. 178-80, October 8, 1980) 

c,"-; *:. "pe- t(r 

OF POOR QU&im 

dT'-::m: L r ,tu: 

223 
o Air Force Secretary Hans Hark. who continues to list the Space Shuttle as 

one of his "top priorities," nonetheless has called for the development of 

new expendable launch vehicles specifically designed to meet the military's 

needs. 

Earlier this year, Mark said the U.S. needs "an absolute mlnimum" of four 

Space Shuttles, and indicated that five, six or seven would be a better 

number. 

Hark said that the expendable LV's are necessary because of: 

ity of delays in the operational Shuttle Orbiter's; their unavailability 

for other reasons; limitations of the Shuttle, and because there may be 

times when 000 does not want to use the Shuttle for a particular launch. 

the possibllHe said that one possibility for a heavy launch vehicle would be a version 

of the kIX ICBM, although the Pentagon has not agreed to fund that proposal. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 26, Wednesday, October 8, 1980, p 193) 

o Formr Apollo astronaut Lt. Gen. Thomas Stafford (USAF-Ret.) and former Jet 

Propul si on Laboratory Di rector Or. Wi 1 1 1 am Pi ckeri ng were inducted Saturday 

into the International Space Hall of Fame at Alamogordo, M.H. Also inducted were Prof. Clyde W. Tombaugh, who dlscovered the planet Pluto in 1930 

at the Love11 Observatory, and the late David F. Martin, whose contributions to radio physics led to development of a rad&; warning system. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, Mo. 26, Wednesday, October 5, 1980, p 195) 

o Continued analysts of sounding rocket and Space Shuttle payload cost studies with the objective of developing methods for estimating the cost of 

Shuttle/Spacelab payloads will be carried out through FY '81 by Delta 

Research Corp. (Arlington, VA. under contract to NASA's Goddard Space 

Flight Center. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 26, Wednesday, October 8, 

1980, p 196) 

October 9: Mr. Griffin reported that Or. Hans Mark, Secretary of the Air 

Force, appeared at an IEEE meeting in Yirginia and expressed a number of 

new ideas regarding Shuttle. He made a relatively controversial statement 

that as long as NASA operates the Shuttle in an R80 mode that the Air 

Force and other Jsers cannot realize its full potential. Dr. Mark later 

explained that he was trying to look to the future and his remarks were not 

meant to be critical of NASA. He further explained that in his opinion 

224 
ORIC\NAL FSZ? !? 

0: QJALifl 

NASA should stay in the development of new technology and that if a new 

family of launch vehicles Is necessary to accompmy the Shuttle that some 

agency other than NASA shculd be allowed to develop it. 

extensive discussion regarding future NASA roles. (Center Director's Staff 

Meeting Notes 136-80, ktober 9) 

There ensued an 

o Leaders of tne EurOpedP, space program visiting Kennedy Space Center 

Wednesday said delays in the Space Shuttle launch are costly to their own 

program, Spacelab. 

And in his first visit to KSC, European Space Agency Director Eric 

Quistgaard predicted there would be few opportunities in the future for any 

orbitlng detente between Western dad F.dst?rn European space programs. 

In office for only five months, Quistgaard said delays with both the 

Shuttle and Spacelab have cost the 10 western European nations 

partlcipating about an additional $300 mi 11 ion. 

Under a cooperative NASA-€SA venture, Spacelab will be transported into 

orbit aboard the Shuttle for weather, communication and scientific 

experiments. 

The first Spacelab launch aboard the Shuttle is scheduled for May 1983. 

(Today, Thursday, October 9, 1960) 

o The launch of FLTSATCOM, a comunications satellite for the Department of 

Defense by a NASA Atlas Centaur rocket has been postponed to October 30. 

(NASA News Release No. 179-80, October 9, 198P) 

October 15: 

launched into space on April 9, were returned to Earth on Saturday after 

185 days, surpassing the manned endurance record by 10 days. 

Soviet cosmonauts Leonid Popov, 40, and Valeriy Ryumin, 34, 

Popov, flight comnander, and Ryumin, a veteran of the 175-day mission last 

year, were sent irlto space aboard Soyuz 35 for a mission aboard Salyut 6. 

They returned to the Soviet Union aboard Soyuz 37, which had been left by 

one of the crews visiting the station durfng their stay in space. 

225 
ORIGINAL F;,*:$ 

OF POOR QUALm 

The cosmonauts landed in the recovery area of the Sary Shagan range, 110 

miles from Dzhezkazgan, at 2:50 PM, launch complex time, Oct. 11. The 

first medical examination reported they "withstood well" the long stay In 

weightless conditions. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 30, Wednesday, 

October 15, 1980, p 220-221) 

o NASA's Johnson Space Center is seeking proven crop yield forecast systems 

which can be used with Landsat Multi-Spectra1 Scanner or Thermattic Mapper 

spectral data and sate1 1 i te-acqui red meteorological data to estimate 

agriculatural crop development and yield. Objective of the program is to 

develop techniques for using remotely sensed data with suitable models that 

provide a general capabi 1 i ty for mni tori ng vegetati ve conditions over a 

wide range of geographic conditions for "potential worldwide applications." 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 30, Wednesday, October 15, 1980, p 224) 

o Will the problen-plagued space shuttle made Its maiden voyage on Friday the 

13th? 

At least it seemed that way when James R. Thompson, Project Hanager for the 

shuttle's main engines, named March 13, 1981, as the target launch date for 

the i 11 -starred space plane. 

Thompson, addressing reporters at the Marshall Space Flight Center in 

Huntsville, Ala., failed to point out that March 13 is also Friday the 

13th, a traditional field day for black cats and broken mirrors. 

But the fate-tempting date drew quick denials from National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration officials at Kennedy Space Center, where the space 

shuttle has suffered enough genuine bad luck to send the most 

unsuperstitious engineer scurrying for a Ouija board. 

"The launch wi 11 probably be in late March," said NASA spokesman Hugh 

Harris, dispelling the omen. "Just far working purposes we use March 10 as 

a tentative launch date. As far as we know, there hasn't been any change." 

A spokesman for the space agency's Washington headquarters also confirmed 

that no final launch date has been set. 

While a March 13 launch is possible, Harris said it would probably be 

avoided. 

15 -- the Ides of brch. (Sentinel Star, Wednesday, October 15, 1980) 

NASA officials expressed no similar concern about avoiding March 

226 
ORIGINAL FLCE 

OF POOR QUALln 

October 16: Dr. Thomas A. Mutch, NASA's Associate Administrator for Space 

Sciences, died in a mountain-cliiabing accident Oc;. 7 in Kashmir. 

Mutch, 49, fell while leading a seven-member expedition on Mount Nun. 

An enthusiastic supporter of the U.S. space science program, Mutch has been 

an effective presenter of the NASA program to Congress. 

His contributions to the U.S. space sc?ence program, saio NASA 

Admini strator Frosch, have "earned for him an extraordinary reputation 

among his peers." (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 31, Thursday, October 16, 

1980, p 230) 

o The Soviet Union Tuesday launched Cosmos 1215, believed to be a military 

monitoring satellite. It was put into an orbit of 449/553 kilometers, 74.0 

degrees, 95.1 minutes. (Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 31 Thursday, October 

16, 1990, p 233) 

October 17: (d.) Mr. Page reported on hardware status. The engines were 

successfuliy remved last week and the OMS pods have been reinstalled. 

Work has started on the thirteen instrument islands on the external tank 

and is going well, such that the overall mating scnedule can be malntained. 

(e.) The simulated flight on the Delta on October 13 went well. 

Mr. Ualton described the ongoing documentation assessment in Cargo 

Operations with MDSCO. 

phase concerns paper used to turn on wcrk by the contractor and A drastic 

simplification is being implemented. Responsibilities are being shifted 

back to the systems engineers requiring fewer signatures and less 

distribution on OMI's, PRACA forms and other paperwork. 

is being made to reduce integration efforts and to produce OMI's only on 

truly integrated tests. They are also reducing Prelaunch Operations Plans 

(POP'S) to the contractor. (These requirements will be deleted from the 

DRL's and DRD's in the contracts -- criticality will be a determining 

factor.) The contractor is also being asked to look at simpler systems on 

manufacturing type procedures. Phase two will be to look at anything that 

is a driver to people but rlot really necessary. Operations and Maintenance 

Plans (OMP) will be challenged in the cargo world. Also being examined in 

this area is the PRACA system and the NHB and KMI's in the safety 

function. Cargo Operations wi 11 be getting with Design Engineering, Safety 

It is being approached in two phases--the first 

A conscious effort 

22 7 
and Technical Support in these paper reduction efforts, flr, Smith asked 

that Shuttle Operations review the Cargo Operations efforts after 

completion for application to their operations-particularly in the work 

authorization area. 

(f.) The visit by Eric Quistgaard, Director General of ESA, went extremely 

we1 1. 

There was a discussion of the Arianne failure with the report that the 

cause was rough combustion caused by an injector not beiny made to 

specification. 

Hr. Neilon reported on the Spacelab Mission Manager review and stated that 

MSFC rather than GSFC will probably be assiqned the mission management 

responsibilities for Spacelab 5. 

mission manager for all Spacelabs other than life sciences missions and 

that GSFC will manage all pallets. 

t37-80, October 17) 

It appears that MSFC will serve as 

(Center Director's Staff Meeting Notes 

o Deep in space, another Earth may be in the making. 

Among NASA scientists, attention rev0 

spectacular ringed planed Saturn. 

And they will get their closest, most 

system's largest moon Nov. 12 when Vo 

ves around Titan, a moon of the 

detailed look ever at the solar 

ager I passes near the huge planet. 

Even though it's technically a mons Titan is a planet i n I t s own right 0- 

and may have some of the same geological characteristics that Earth did 

billions of years ago, wrote science author and NASA adviser Carl Sagan. 

This is not IO say Voyager Program scientists expect to find life on Titan 

(though many, like Sagan, won't rule out the possibility of primitive 

once-cel led organisms there). 

But they will gain insight into Titan's chances of producing life, said 

Ellls Miner, Assistant Project Scientist for the Voyager program. 

"We will be able to tell if the conditions on Titan are conducive to life," 

he said, adding Titan's atmosphere may contain some of the elements that 

form the chemical building blocks of primitive 1Sfe. 

228 
The qysteries of Titan intrigue Miner who explained Saturn's moon may have 

an atmosphere as thick or thicker than Earth's and may be heated by energy 

emitted from Saturn. 

Launched from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in September 1977, 

Voyager I will conduct its final mission in this solar system between Nov. 

6 and 18. 

During that time, the 1,800-pound combination spacecraft, camera and 

laboratory will shoot thousands of pictures of the ringed planet and its 10 

or more moons, including Titan. (Today, Friday, October 17, 1980) 

October 19: The Space Shuttle, still scheduled for a March lift-off at 

Kennedy Space Center, has already launched a major shot in the arm for 

Florida's economy, a top NASA official says. 

NASA kputy Administrator Dr. Alan M. Lovelace was here to tout the hefty 

statewide economic benefits he contends come from having such a big chunk 

of the space program in Florida. 

recently announced resignation of NASA Administrator Dr. Robert Frosch 

would delay the Shuttle project. 

He also put to rest any concern that the 

"I really do not see Dr. Frosch's pending departure in January affecting 

that (at) all," Lovelace said in an interview. "The most recent review 

I've had of that schedule indicates we've still got a good chance to make 

that launch in March." (Today, Sunday, October 19, 1980) 

October 20: The two Orbital Maneuvering System pods that were removed from 

the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (OV-102) for structural strengthening 

have been reinstalled on the Columbia. 

At the same time, the tnree Space Shuttle Main Engines were removed from 

the Orbiter and are undergoing modifications in the Operations & Checkout 

Building. The modification includes the installation of new fuel 

pre-burner liners and refractory shields, and a new liquid oxygen pump in 

engine 1120006. 

during the second week of November. 

The three engines are to be reinstalled in the Columbia 

229 
.* I .. 

c ,S r- OR~G\!<+~?L Fibs c r.4 

OF POOR QUALlW 

Roll-out of the Orbiter to the Vehicle Assembly Building is still scheduled 

for November 23, with transference to the launch pad slated for December 

26, preparatory to launch March 10. 

As of Oct. 12, there were 2112 tile cavities on Columbia and NASA estimated 

that a total oc 2980 tiles would have to be bonded to the vehlcle. For the 

week, a n,st of 426 tiles were added to the spececraft. 

Vol. 112, NO. 33, Monday, October 20, 1980, p 244) 

(Defense Daily, 

o Data from NASA's Landsat satellite will be used tcl detect and monitor 

damage caused by gypsy moth caterpillars in the forests of Pennsylvania 

under a joint three-year pilot program between NASA and the State of 

Pennsylvania. Damage caused by the moths over the past ten years in 

Pennsylvania is estimated at $32 million. 

33, Monday, October 20, 1980, p 245) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. 

o Magsat is adjudged successful based upon the results of the mission with 

respect to the approved prel aunch object i ves. 

Magsat was launched on October 30, 1979, and the sensor boom was deployed 

on November 1, 1979. From that time until re-entry on June 11, 1980, 

continuous measurements of the near Earth magnetic field were made. The 

Magsat lifetime exceeded the planned minimal lifetime by nearly 3 months 

and the accuracy requirements of the scalar and vector magnetometers as 

well as attitude and position determination wsIe all met or exceeded. 

Efforts to acquire data at the lowest altitude possible were successful and 

the spacecraft remained under active control during re-entry through the 

last contact which was at an aititude of about 175 km. 

Report - Office of Space Transportation Operations - No. E-662-80-01, 

(Mission Operation 

10-20-60, p 1) 

Octobtd* 22: Kennedy Space Center is seeking proposals for a study to 

i nvest i gate the feasi bi 1 i ty of developing a small , 1 i ghtwei ght GH2 sensor 

to monitor fuel leaks in purge areas (no oxygen) in the tail section of the 

Space Shuttle, while introducing no intrinsic hazards of its own into the 

area. The planned contract will also cover prototype development and 

evaluation testing to verify the sensor's capabilities and limitations. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 112, No. S5, Wednesday, October 22, 1980, p 263) 

230 
ORlGtNhL PAGE 13 

OF POW! CIJAL:W 

October 24: Long before we came with our steel gantries and concrete pads, 

our dreams of space and fiery gods named Apollo and Saturn, the old people 

were here. 

When 16th Century man raised his fldgs of dominion against the green, 

semi-tropical jungles, the old people had been here longer than most men 

could Iinagf ne. 

The dusky-skinned hunters had arrived in what is now Brevard County some 

12,000 to 20,000 years earlier, pursuing across the continent great herds 

of giant bison and lumbering elephants. 

similar herds eastward from Asia, across the frozen land mass thet later 

would be reciaimed by the Bering Sea. 

Their forefathers had followed 

They were the Paleo peoples, and they were the Kennedy Space Center's first 

inhabitants. 

bk don't know whether they later voluntarily deserted the area, or if they 

died out as a race. We only are certain that the Paieos were replaced by a 

new people of different physical characteristics -- a Deople who apparently 

made the same long journey across tfie Be;ing land mass, or "bridge," during 

a later period of glaciation and low water. 

Like their predecessors, these Archaic Period people were born into what we 

would consider abject poverty and hardship, llved their 30-35 year 

lifespans, and consigned their dead to the sandy soil. 

Piecing together their lifestyle in an archaeologica; "detective story," 

scientists have deducted that the Archaic Indians apparently believed in a 

life beyond their earthly existence, and they provided food and tools for 

the use of those who passed into that afterlife. 

These and a few other facts are gleaned from their stone, shell and bone 

artifacts and the cemeteries they left. 

It's not known whet'zr the Archaics endured, or some other people became 

the /!is, Timucuan and other tribes who gave European sailors their first -- 

and frequently fatal -- welcome to the Florida of the 1500's. 

We do know that the cultures of the agriculatural Timucuan in what is now 

Voiusia County, and the hunting and gathering Ais, collided -- sometimes 

violently -- in the KSC area. At other times there was peaceful trade. 
(JR\&,& PiiCE E3 

OF POOR QuALm 

But some Indians' remains reveal dark stores of flint knlves buried in 

livlng throats, of spears hurled with deadly accuracy, and of skulls 

fatally fractured by the formidable hafted conch shell hammers so much used 

by the aborigines. 

Despite battles over hunting rights, the sometfmes bloody raids for wives, 

and natural disasters rar.ging from plague to tltal wave, the Indians 

survived. 

But thousands of years of successful adaptation to a merciless wilderness 

had not fitted the Ais to compete with civilization. Well before 1800, 

they were no more. 

The Ais left no verbal legends, no tribal songs to hear by light of 'noon 

and smoking campfire. No scratches endure in the area's shlfting sands, 

and if picture writings recorded Ais tradition in history, they failed to 

survive the humid climate. 

Early Spanish accounts of the Ais culture are, a\ best, unsatisfactory, and 

the white man's sketches of the Indians look like Europeans in skimpy 

costumes. 

The Ais are gone, but the invader remains. Who were these light-skinned 

people who came from across the spen waters in huge canoes with white 

wings? From whence did they come -- and why? And why, once the savage 

nature of the Indians and the untamed Florida jungles were experienced, did 

they stay? (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No, 23, October 24, 1980, p 4) 

o Realizing that it was custodian of a major portion of Brevard County's 

pre-history and early history, NASA, in 1965, initiated a survey of the 

KSC's historical resources. 

After examining more than 50 Indian and historic sites, and noting that 

more lay just beyond the Center's boundaries, anthropologist George A. Long 

compiled a comprehensive report that forms a digest of the lives of the 

people who went before us. 

Their stories are told in shell picks, haners, gouges, weights and 

rattles; an occasional projectile point of flint or agatized coral; and the 

bone projectile points, hair pins, awls, ornaments and fishhooks the 

Indians lost or took with them to their shallow, sandy graves. 

232 
t . I. 

.. ' ' . . .,: 

* kL,';L;iY f-\t ' 1 

Some sites predate the earliest pottery type, which appeared more than 

3,000 years ago. Others represent later periods, when Indian populations 

increased and built up shell mounds of impressive site and height -- some 

of which were dug away to fotm the base of still existing highways. 

The sites tell the story of battles, naturlrl disasters, climatic changes 

and the minutiae of daily life, including the first contacts of &he 

aborigines with European explorers and mariners. 

The Indian sites, fragile and irreplaceable, will be preserved for future 

research. As cultural and historic resources, they are protected, and 

penalties for unauthorized excavation are s?vere. 

Concern fot the historical heritage of the KSC *rea and the surrounding 

area is not limited to official government policies. 

A number of KSC employees and their families hold membersh!ps in the Indian 

River Anthropological Society, and fretyently help in research and 

excavations into Indian and historical sites the length of the county. 

Their ranks include William Boggs and his wife, Judi; Hugh Harris's wife, 

Ann; Dean timerman; Frank Bryan; James Escoffier; Hubert Griggs and his 

wife, Anne; Gilbert Whittaker, and Bill Lubliner, retired. 

Major projects involving I.R.A.S. members have included excavatfm of ti 

rare Archaic Period Indian cemetery west of Cocoa, and more recently, 

excavation of a large European contact period burial mound at dn important 

Ais Indian village site near Grant. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 23, 

October 24, 1980, p 4) 

o Explorer Posts of the Boy Scouts of America may someday fly several 

experiments aboard the Space Shuttle, thanks to a prominent aerospace firm. 

TRW, Incorporated, of Redondo Beach, Calif., is sponsoring a national 

competition among Explorer Posts to select as many as four experiments to 

fly into space as part of a NASA "Get Away Special" payload. The company 

has offered to pay for the launch costs and provide technical expertise to 

the posts which submit the best ideas for experiments in space. 

Some of the more than 15 submissions to date include proposals to determlric 

the fixing of nitrogen in a growing culture, forming a permanent emulsion 

of oil and water under zero gravity, melting of oxygen glass compounds and 

the zero gravity formation of various sugar crystals. 

233 
Preliminary selection of the semi-final winners will =gin at the end of 

this year by a panel headed by NASA astronaut Jim Lovell, say TRW 

officals. Final experiment choices wlll be made early in 1982, for a 

flight possibly In 1984. 

The special canister for the experiments has a capacity of five cubic feet, 

enough for as many as four such experiments, according to TRW. 

News, Vol. 19, )Q. 23, October 24, 1980, p 6) 

(Spaceport 

October 27: The Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA) being flown on shuttle 

landing exercises at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility this week is one of two 

modified Gruuwnan American Aviation-built Gulfstrcam I1 executive jets 

acquired by NASA's Johnson Space Center in the mid-1970s. 

The STAs are used as trainers to instruct flight crews in the critical 

descent and landing phase of the Space Shuttle Orbiter. 

The SfAs are modified to simulate the Orbiter's cockpit, motion and visual 

cues and handling qualities. 

Orbiter's atmospheric descent trajectory frm approximately 35,000 feet 

altitude to landing on a runway. 

In flight, the STA will duplicate the 

Other structural modifications to the Gulfstream I1 include direct lift 

flaps to simulate the Orbiter's expected attitude and vertical control, and 

the installation of side force controls positioned under the wlng to 

simulate expected sideward movements of the spacecraft. 

The Gulfstream I1 is 80 feet long with a wingspan of 69 feet. 

powered by two Rolls Royce Spey turbo fan engines, each with a thrust 

r,iting of 22,800 pounds. These are reversible in flight to simulate the 

Orbiter's steep descent profile. 

October 27, 1980) 

It is 

(NASA News Release Callout No. C1 90-80, 

o Launch failure of the European Space Agency's (EM) Ariane lduncher vehicle 

during its second test flight last May has been traced to a combustion 

instability in one of the vehicle's four first-stage rocket engines. 

An extensive investigation determined that a high-frequency combustion 

instability developed in the vehicle's D engine 5.75 sec. after ignition. 

This stemned from a combustion resonance in the combustion chamber, and ft 

234 
occurred because (rf operat 

injector, investigators sa 

injects fuel and oxidizer 

ng characteristics of the engine's radlal 

d. The injector is the englne cmonent that 

nto the combustion here the mfxture Ignites. 

The investigation did not reveal any basic flaws In the overall design of 

the Ariane vehicle, and preflight work IS continuing on the thlrd Arlane In 

preparation for its launch next year. (Aviation Week Ih Space Technology, 

Wol. 113, No. 17, p 15) 

o Soviet Union has launched three milttarv spacecraft into orblt slnce early 

October : 

Cosmos 1214--The spacecraft has parameters of the latest Soviet film 

reconcaissance satel!ite design believed to eject film pod reentry vehicles 

to allow a maximum useful life of 30 days. 

10 into a 368 X 181-km. (229 X 112-mi.) orbit inclined 67.2 deg. 

Corms 1214 was launched Oct. 

Cosmos 1215--The spacecraft has parameters characterlstlc of ellnt missions 

and was launched Oct. 14 into a 553 X 449-km. (343 X 2794.) orbit 

inclined 74 deg. 

Cosmos l?lb--Thi s spacecraft is d standard Sovlet fi lm reconnaissance 

vehicle with a typical misslon duration of two weeks. The spacecraft was 

launched Oct. 16 lnto a 404 X 209-km. (251 X 130-mi.) orbit Inclined 72.9 

deg. (Aviation Week & Space Technoloqy, Vol. 113, No. 17, p 16) 

October 28: The U.S. governmnt is studying the possibility of setting up a 

neu wit of the National Park Service to handle historic sites associated 

with Amerlca's space program. 

In accordance 4th an act of Congress signed into law In Septdcr, the 

Department of !nterior (the parent agency for the park servfce) has been 

ordered to meet with NASA and the Department of Defense. 

~iie three are to see whether there is a need for the park service to 

"pertnmently safeguard frotn change the locatlons, structur@s, and at least, 

symbolic Instrumentation features (associated with historic events in 

America's space program) ... and to dlsplay and interpret these for 

vi si tors ' apprec i at ion. I' 

235 
The provision, sponsored by Rep. Keith Sebelius, (R-Kan.), is part of a 

larger bill that sailed through the House and Senatc witho.Jt opposition. 

(TODAY, Tuesday, October 28, 1980) 

October 29: (he of Skylab's smallest passengers, Arabella, has returned to 

the Marshall Center from the SmithsonIan Institution, Washington, D.C. 

Arabella, one of two "Space Spiders," participated in a web formation 

experiment aboard the Skylab Space Station. 

studied by Judith Niles of Lexington, Mass., the high school student 

investigator who proposed Skylab Student Experiment ED-52, Neb Formation in 

Zero Gravity. 

Photographs of her webs were 

The web characteristics compared by Miss Miles included such things as the 

number of spirals, the number of radials, angles between radials, distance 

between spirals, area of the web hub, area of the web catching surface, as 

well as the physical characteristics of the returned web material. 

The information obtained from these analyses provided irtsight into the 

motor-sensory and neurosensory perfomnces of the spiders in zero gravity, 

lnitial investigation revealed the web to be finer than Arabella had made 

prior to her space voyage, thus lending insight into the use of body weight 

to determine sire of the webbing. 

The Public Affalrs Office has custody of Arabella's remains and is planning 

for publtc display of the "Space Spider" early next year. 

Vol. 21, No. 8, October 29, 1980, p 2) 

(Marshall Star, 

o "The giory trip is over, now we've got to get down to the business of using 

5pdce." said NJ. Shemod C. Spring, one of 20 astronaut candidates who 

were on an orientation tour of Kennedy Space Center Tuesday. 

Spring was referring to 

astronaut. By the time 

Shuttle, it will all be 

"It wlll be like the ra 

Space Shuttle will open 

the glory that once accompanied being an 

he and the other candidates start flying the 

routine, he said. 

lroads opening up the West," Spring said. 

up space." 

" 

Space 

he 

236 
After the first few flights, astronauts will resemble airline pilots more 

than daredevi 1 s. 

Although there are a number of military pllots In the new crop of 

astronauts, some of the cdndidates have never even flown a plane. 

For instance. Wubbo Ockels, a research physicist who ktll be on Spacelab 

Hission 1, began his flight training on a 1-38 -- 3 supersonic Jet. 

*'Fast," was about all Ockels would say about the eaperiencc. "I'm not one 

of those people who can't live without flying," Ocke?s said. 

The European Space Agency is paying nearly $500,000 to MSA so Ockels can 

train as an astronaut. Ockels is training to be a mission specialist, an 

astronaut more responsible for the scientific end of the mission than for 

pi 1 oti ng. 

Twelve of the 20 astronaut candidates at KSC Tuesday are training as 

mission speclalists. The other elght dre training as pilots. 

Ockels is not the cnly new astronaut trainee who doesn't fit the mold of 

the sterotype astronaut. 

Bonnie Ounbar has a master's degree 1.; ceramic engineering. 

Chang Is a physicist. 

Or. Franklin 

Or. William Fisher is an emergency physiclan. 

"There's a lot of academic work," said Lt. Col. Roy 0. Bridges Jr., a 

former U.S. Air Force pilot. 

is without a doubt one of the most complicated vehicles ever built." 

"You !lave t3 study hard because the Shuttle 

Although Bridges said that this group of trainees could not be more 

enthusiastic. -- "they're champing at the bit" -- Bridges acknowledged that 

they were quite different from those first seven astronauts. 

we've moved into a different era," he mused. 

"Perhaps 

Ockels, however, said that this group had its share of bold angels along 

with the academicians. 

the more academic type. We 

have both kinds," he said. 

"We have a whole range of people: the wild guy and 

With the Shuttle, you need pilots and crew. 

(Today, Wednesday, October 29, '1980) 

237 
o Faced with an increasing problem of disposing of radioactive and toxic 

wastes, officials of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

(NASA) and the U.S. Energy Department are studying whether the Space 

Shuttle could ferry hazardous materials to a dumping site halfway between 

Earth and Venus. 

Some experts contend space might be a better dumping ground than 

underground pits on earth, where nuclear and other poisons could leak into 

the soil. 

aut other analysts feel space disposal could cause a horrible nuclear 

accident -- for instance, if a shuttle crashed after launch from Cape 

Canveral and rained radioactlve death on Central Florida. 

The federal government is not currently planning to launch nuclear wastes 

into space, even though the two agencies have undertaken a four-year 

feasibility study, spokesmen say. (The Miami iierald, Wednesday, October 

29, 1980) 

October 31: The Soviet Union yesterday launched a high-resolution 

photographic film return satellite, identified as Cosmos 1218, 

into an orbit of 178/374 kilometers, 64.9 degrees, 89.7 minutes. 

Daily, Vol. 112, No. 42, Friday, October 31, 1980, p 312) 

It was put 

(Defense 

o Letting out a thunderous groan as great as the Titanic god who was 

condemned to support the Earth and skies upon his mighty shoulders, Cape 

Canveral 's own Atlas heaved a couple tons worth of electronic gadgetry high 

above Brevard skies late Thursday night. 

Both MSA officials and mil 

satellite in the Fleet Sate 

perfect . tary brass said 

1 i te Communi cat 

the launch of the fourth 

ons (FLTSATCOM) system was near 

NASA described the preparations of the 57th Atlas Centaur as "the smoothest 

launch operation in the history of the program." 

More than 328,000 pounds of rocket and sate1 lite lifted smoothly from 

Complex 36 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station about 37 minutes behind 

schedule. The launch was delayed when a weather front moved in only 

238 
-. . . . ._- 

minutes before the end of the countdown. A couple weather balloons were 

sent up, and technicians reviewed the data before decfding to resume the 

count . 

At 10:54 p.m., the rocket pierced a low cloud cover about 20 seconds into 

flight and the remainder of the flight was across clear skies. 

Later Thursday night, launch officials confirmed that the satelllte had 

successful ly reached temporary orbit. 

into a permanent orbit 22,250 miles above the Earth. 

October 31, 1980) 

From there It will be transferred 

(Totiii', Friday, 

Durlng October: Nearly 170 KSC employees were honored for accomplishments 

and service Friday, October 31, at the Kennedy Space Center's Annual awards 

ceremony . 

Seven persons received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, one of the 

highest agency awards that can be earned by an individual. 

for achievement or service characterized by unusual initiative or creative 

abi 1 i ty. 

It is granted 

William E. Backus of Cocoa Beach, Chief of the Center Planning Office, was 

honored for developing an organlz~tlon of NASA and Air Force personnel to 

establish and operate an Interagency logistics system for mutual support of 

Space Shuttle activltes at KX and Vandenberg Air Force Base. When the 

shuttle is to be placed in the polar orbit it wtll be launched from 

Vandenberg. 

Donald J. Capone of Cocoa Beach, Chief, Cargo Planning Management Office, 

was cited both for his role in establishing the Cargo Operations 

Dlrectorate and for his previous work as Chief, Resources and Financial 

Management. tie was a key member of the team that estimated the shuttle's 

cost before the project was approved and he developed a system for cost 

control and fee-setting for the Space Shuttle. 

vital to meeting the goal of a self-supporting sbuttle program by the end 

of 12 years. 

The latter is considered 

William F. Huseonica became Chief, Projects Control Offfce, Cargo Projects, 

in May, 1979. At the time, KSC wds reorganizing from a slngle program 

cffice, the Qace Transporation System, to two progra n offices, Space 

Shuttle and Cargo Projects. 

building the organization and staff of the latter office. He lives in 

Rock1 edge. 

Huseonica was honored for his leadership in 

239 
Thurston B. McLeran , of Cocoa, who is Chlef , Network and Support Services 

Branch, Technical Support Directorate, received hls medal for hls work In 

developing KSC's new telephone system, a very large and complex network 

with wide and varying needs for comnlcatlons services. The converslon of 

the system was accomplished on schedule and without Inconvenlence to users. 

Edwin S. Morgan? Chief, AC Power Section, was recognized for designing an 

emergency power system to support Space Shuttle operations. The new system 

is expected tc reduce costs by $1 million over a decade compared to the 

previous system. Ne was also cited for his work on establishing the 

Complex Control System, which will remotely monitor and coritrol all KSC 

utility systems as well as some Launch Complex support systems. He llves 

on Merri tt Is1 and. 

Paul D. wers of Titusville, Technical Assistant to the Director, Project 

Management, was recognized for exemplary efforts in resources planning and 

execution in support of design and acquisition of Shuttle facilltlas and 

ground systems. 

Max Taylor, a Test Support Manager In the Operational Support Offlce, was 

recognized for his work on expendable launch vehicle operations. Ne is 

responsible for setting up and managing a1 1 technical support resouces 

needed for the pre-launch test and checltout and launches for the Centaur 

and Delta rocket operations. He lives in Cape Canveral. 

DIRECTOR'S AWARD 

The Center Director's Award, which includes a cash award of $2,500 1s the 

highest award given by the Center. 

Sate1 1 i te Beach , Deputy Project Officer. 

It was won by James E. Rice of 

Rlce was cited for his leadership and advice in competitions to select 

contractors for the tasks of checking out the Launch Processing System for 

the shuttle and the shuttle orbiter. 

multi-center source board for the NASA cargo processing contract. 

He was also deputy chairman of the 

KSC FEDERAL AOMAN OF THE YEAR 

Recipient of the Woman of the Year award was Lounette M. Price of 

Rockledge. She is secretary and personal assistant to the Comptroller. 

She is also a representative to the Federal rlc,,:.tn's Program Working Group, 

was co-chairperson of KSC's Secretaries' Day, and helped to establish the 

Center's ma?-to-woman network and monitoring project. She is first vice 

president of the Space Coast Chapter of Federally Employed Women and a 

member of the American Business Women's Association. 

240 
*$ OR'*": )kit r.. -I- I-:. . . r 

OF POOR C;.C;'A:L;;'~' 

The award recognizes personal job competence, commitment to aldlng other 

woinen to develop their potential and work toward enhancing the status of 

women at work and In the community. 

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AWARD 

The Equal Opportunity Award is given to recognize outstanding contributions 

to providing fair and equal employment opportunities. This year's winner 

was Willie Pi. McClintock of Cocoa Beach. 

4 

McClintock, Chief of the Supply Branch, was cited for establishing an 

atmosphere that encourages his employees to strive for growth and progress. 

SPECIAL AWARD TO CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEE 

A special award was given to a contractor employee, Coolie Reynolds of 

McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co., for preventing a potential accident at 

Complex 17. Reynolds, of 4erritt Island, a safety inspector, last month 

discovered a sheared bolt on a load-bearing fitting for one of the solid 

rocket motors on the Delta rocket being prepared to launch the Satellite 

Business Systems sate1 1 i te next month. 

He received a certificate of appreciation, which may be granted to non-NASA 

employees for special services or contributfons to the center. 

"Because of Mr. Reynolds' concern and tenacity a major ground safety hazard 

was eliminated," Richard Smith, KSC Director, said. "The problem, gone 

undetected, would have resulted in a flight failure, possible severe pad 

damage and loss of mission". 

SUGGEST I ON AWARDS 

Two employees were honored for money-saving suggestions. Robert Garthwaite 

of Ekyewater, a technician, received a certificate for a change he proposed 

in che type of roller guides used in the high-rise elevators of the Vehicle 

Assembly Building. The savings the first year were more than SlC6,OOO. 

Thomas H. Walthall of Titusville, a software design engineer, suggested a 

r,omputer program that woull cut the number of man hours needed to develop 

flow charts, which trace pr3grans of various center operations. 

year's savings from his sugbastion was $28,687. 

The first 

241 
mn,*,.i - .. . N ORLl;rt\r:b P:., : tJ 

OF POOR QUAAflY 

GROUP ACHIEVEMENT AWARDS 

Four working groups recei ved speci a1 NASA-wide recogni t I on for thei r 

accomplishments. 

The Microchemical Analysis Section, besides analyzing the orbiter's thermal 

protection system tiles, developed an adhesive catalyst analysis and other 

analysis methods that have a1 lowed critical shuttle processes to continue. 

The Field Engineering Group of Delta Engineering is responsible for making 

corrective engineering changes in the field during construction projects. 

Through their efforts ground systems and equipment projects have been 

completed in time to support the shuttle schedule. 

The Construction Management Office, a group of 44, was also cited for 

completing shuttle facilities within budget guldelines and without 

disrupting the shuttle schedule. 

The Launch Processing System Simulation Task Team was cited for "the 

creation of a magnificent fake". They created a mathematical model that 

wouid fool the LPS into thinking it was attached to a real space shuttle 

and group support systems. 

Thi rty f i ve men and women recei ved Cert i f i cates of Comnendati on, the second 

highest individual awards presented by the Center. They were recognized 

for exceptional professional accompl i shments. 

Receiving cert i f icates of comnendat i on were: 

Brewer, David A. Brown, Michael J. Cardone, Robert G. Covell, Jr., J. 

Albert Diggs, Jr., Alex S. Dula, Jr., Johnny G. Fraley, Charles D. Gay, 

Wayne R. Graham, Bi Ily L. Haynes, Carroll V. Hughes, Robert B. Hughes, John 

R. Jamieson, William C. Jones, Konstanty Kebalka, Franklin D. Keck, Barry 

T. Kennedy, Arthur 3. Mackey, John C. McBrearty, Conrad G. Nagel, Ted L. 

Cglesby, A. Reynolds, Mark R. Scholmer, Robert B. Sieck, Harry A. Silipo, 

Charles G. Stevenson, Billie L. Study, James E. Sullivan, Charles E. 

Taylor, Louis H. Whitby, Warren I. Wiley. 

Judl th A. Anderson, John N. 

Forty-three persons received certificates for 40, 35, and 30 years of 

service in the Federal Government. Together, they have worked a total of 

1,390 years. 

Recipients of 40-year awards were Kennedy R. Behl , James R. Branard, Joseph 

E. Dulude, Samuel C. Grimbly, Ben W. Hursey and William D. Lutz. 

242 
Honored for 35 years of service were Frederick N. Bailey, Donald 0. 

Buchanan, Sherman J. Evans, Marvin H. Heckendwf, John M. Meraviglla, 

Edmund F. Smith, Regina 0. Vietor and Mary H. Waller. (NASA News Release 

NO. 193-80) 

o Another major milestone in preparing the Space Shuttle for launch on its 

maiden voyage next spring will be passed November 3 and 4 with the mating 

of the external tank with the shuttle's twin solid rocket boosters. 

The external tank Is 47 meters (154 feet) long and 8.4 meters (27.5 feet) 

in diameter. 

propellants used by ttiz Space Shuttle Orbiter's three main engines. 

empty weight is 34,545 kilograms (76,000 pounds). 

It carries the supercold liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen 

Its 

At launch, it will be loaded with the 604,195 kilograms (1,332,000 pounds) 

of liquid oxygen and 101,606 kilograms (224,000 pounds) of liquid hydrogen 

which the three powerful engines will burn from liftoff until just before 

the Space Shuttle goes orbital eight and half minutes later. 

The external tank is one of four major $pace Shuttle elements and the only 

one which is not reusable. After it is jettisoned from the orbiter at an 

altitude of 118 kiiomters (73 mlles), it enters the Earth's atmosphere, 

breaks up and impacts in a remote and empty region of the Indian Ocean. 

Assembly ef the Space Shuttie "stack" on the mobile launcher platform in 

High Bay 3 of the Vehicle Assembly Bullding began in December, 1979 and 

January, 1980 with erectiai of the twin solid rocket boosters. 

Release No. 192-80) 

(NASA News 

o The launch of the first in a series of three Satellite Business Systems 

spacecraft has been rescheduled for Wednesday, November 12. 

Launch will be conducted by KSC aboard Delta 153 from Complex 17A at Cape 

Canaveral Air Force Station during a window extending from 5:47 p.m. to 

6:54 p.m. EST. Additional launch windows that evening extend from 7:30 to 

7:41 and from 8:17 to 8:30 p.m. 

SBS-A is the first of three identical satellites to be iaunched by NASA for 

Satellite Business Systems. 

high-quality voice, data and video transmissions directly between 

commercial business customers. 

Each is designed for a seven-year lifetime of 

ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALln 243 
The original launch date for SBS-A was October 23, but a test firing of a 

Spinning Solid Upper Stage-D rocket motor at the Arnold Development 

Laboratories, Tu1 lahoma, Tenn., in late August resulted in a burn-through 

of the rocket nozzle. The SSUS-D rocket motor is a versfcn of the Payload 

Assist Module (PAM-D) which will be flown for the ftrst time on the SBS-A 

mi sslon. 

The PAM-D is expected to be test fired in late October, and if results are 

satisfactory, the November 12 launch will proceed. 

powerful spinning sold propellant motor which replaces the third stage 

normally used with the Delta rocket. 

PAM-D is a new and more 

(NASA News Release, No. 183-80) 

244 
ORIGINAL PAGE IS 

OF POOR QUALITY November 1980 

November 3: The next to last scheduled Shuttle engine Main Propulsion Test 

is scheduled today at the National Space Technology Laboratories. 

cluster will be fired for 581 secnnds. Final MPT test is scheduled for 

December. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 1, Monday, November 3, 1980, p 8) 

The SSME 

o The Space Shuttle External Tank will be mated to the Shuttle Solid Rocket 

Boosters between Nov. 3 and 6 on the Mobile Launch Platform inside the 

Vertical Assembly Building at the Cape. 

to be mcved from the Orbiter Processing Facility to the VAB for mating with 

the ET/SRB on Nov. 23. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 1, Monday, November 3, 

1980, p 8) 

The Orbiter Columbia is scheduled 

o Mr. Page reported on Shuttle hardware status that the Orbiter engine mods 

are going well with reinstallation scheduled for November 8-10; there are 

1,000 tiies to go and the gap filler installation is doing better; the 

retnoval of the instrumentation islands on the external taqk Is going well 

and we are one day up on the schedule; the external tank forward ring 

simulator installation will begin October 27 and its use in the SRB pull 

test will eliminate one shift from the schedule. 

Mr. Page added that the UTC has arrived at KSC and the sea trial involving 

senior staff mr-hers is scheduled for November 5. 

There was some discussion regarding the maximum occupancy capacity of 1600 

for VAB. He proposed that a total limit of 2000 be set beginning November 

: (there are individual limits set on organizations) with Shuttle Operations being notified by the Safety Office when that capacity is reached. 

Access will not be automatically shut down at that point but Shuttle 

Operations will do a realtime assessment 

would be allowed. 

Mr. Page reported that the Shuttle Operat 

of its goal in the CPC. (Center Director 

November 3) 

s to whether additional access 

ons Directorate had achieved 122% 

s Staff Meeting Notes 138-80, 

245 
Na-er 4: Mr. Page reported that OPF rollout is still on schedule with ET/ 

SRB mate scheduled to start today (Nov. 3). 

launch date as March 14, 1981, is ready for release, 

A new schedule showing the 

MI.. Page requested guidance as to the timing for the OPF rollout. Mr. 

Griffin stated that Headquarters Is taking a low-keyed approach to rollout 

with a very limited number of SOD and Congressional personnel invited. 

Therefore, timing of the rollout for ceremonial purposes should not be a 

drlver, although Mr. Griffin assumed that there would be technical 

advantages to a daylight rollout. 

Mr. Page stated that he has received a letter from Mr. Slayton (JSC) proposing a philosophy change in regard to the first turnaround processing of 

the Orbiter. Dr. Gray stated that to avoid misunderstandings KSC policy 

will be defined for the first turnaround processing of the Orbiter by 

letter to Mr. Yardley. 

Mr. Page nated that safety dress codas in operational areas requiring 

slacks and low-heeled, closed-toe shoes were not being strictly observed by 

VIP's. Director, Executive Management Office, and Director, Public 

for VIP 

ng Notes 

Affairs, will meet with Mr. Griffln to review 

visitors to the operational areas. (Center D 

#39-80, November 4) 

cu rrent gt.oundru 1 es 

rector's Staff Meet 

o DOD's fourth FLTSATCOM communications satei 1 ite was successfully placed 

into el 1 iptical transfer orbit Thursday after launcn from Cape Canaveral by 

an Atlas-Centaur vehicle. The 2215-pound TRW-built satellite was slated to 

be boosted into geosynchronous orbit over the Pacific Saturday. 

Daily, Vol. 113, No. 2, Tuesday, November 4, 1980, p 12) 

(Defense 

o In addition to the European Space Agency's Giotto mission to Halley's comet 

in 1985-86, the Soviet Union and Japan are now reported to be planning missions to the comet, wClich passes close to the Sclar System every 76 years. 

NASA, which had planned a U.S. Halley's mission, is now seeking to be a 

partner on Giotto. 

The Soviet Halley mission would be part of the joint Soviet/French mission 

to drop balloon-borne instruments into the atmosphere of Venus. 

mission would use a Venus gravity-assist to swing by Halley. 

The 

246 
The planned Japanese misslon, designated "Planet A", would be a fly-by of 

the comet. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 2, Tuesday, November 4, 1981, 

P 13) 

o Launch of SBL-1, the first satellite iri the busitjess conunications satcom 

system being establ i shed by Sate1 1 i te Business Systems , has been delayed 

from the planned Nov. 12 date in order to replace a Castor strap-on motor. 

A postponement of several days is anticipated. Launch will be from Kennedy 

Space Center with a McDonnell Douglas Delta 3910 vehicle. The 

10-t ransponder spacecraft wi 1 1 be placed i n synchronous orb! t at 106 

degrees west longitude over t le equbtor (due south of El Paso). The 

Hughes-built satellite will be the first domestic U.S. satellltc. to use the 

14/12 GHz bands. 

system are planned for launch in April 1981 aboard a Delta 3910 and in 

November 1982 aboard the Shuttle. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 2, 

Tuesday, November 4, 1980, p 14) 

The two other satellites planned ic the initial SBS 

o Air Force Secretary Hans Mark told the Air Force Association in Denver 

Sunday that Colorado Springs, Colo., should be the site for the Defense 

Department's $100 m! 1 lion Consolidated Space Operations Center. 

Daily, Yol. 113, No. 2, Tuesday, November 4, 1980, p 15) 

(Defense 

Noverber 5: With "Le successful connection of the Space Shuttle's fuel tank 

to its two strap-on rocket boostxs Tuesday, America's first reusable space 

vehicle is two-thirds assembled. 

The stage-and-a-half Shuttle, which takes off like a rocket on top cf its 

fuel tank and lands like an airplane, is scheduled for laur,ch March 10. 

On Monday, workers hoisted the 154-foot-long fuel tank from one bay of the 

Vehicle Assembly building to another bay, where two solfd rockets had 

already been bolted to a movable launch platform. 

On Tuesday, the tank was lowered into place between the two 149-foot-high 

rockets, and that evening, the mechanical linkages were completed. 

ORIGINAL PAGE iS 

'f POCR QUALITY 

24 7 
cg;?--:-qb FACE rs 

OF Qdfim 

The next major step toward the launch of the Space Shuttle will be the 

attachment of the Spaceship Columbia to the fuel tank, now scheduled for 

late Novembel-. Then, if all goes as scheduled, the assembled Shuttle will 

be moved about 3 1/2-miles from the VAB to its launch site on its movable 

launch platform shortly after Christmas. (Today, Wednesday, November 5, 

1980) 

o The launch of the first of a series of three spacecraft for Satellite 

R:.siness Systems has been rescheduled for November 15. 

The new comnunications satellite, SBS-A, will be launched by KSC aboard 

Delta 153 from Coqplex 17 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The launch 

window is from 5:49 p.m. to 6:57 Pam., with two additional windows - 

7:32 p.m. to 7:44 p.~. and 8:21 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. - available that evening. 

The new satellite, to be designated SBS-1 in orbit, is aesigned to transmit 

high quality voice, data, and television comnunications directly !?tween 

customers. All three satellites in the system will be identical. (NASA 

News Release No. 195-80, November, 5, 1980) 

o Almost 68,000 vis';ors took guided bus tours of NASA's John F. Kennedy 

Space Center in October, an increase of more than 5 percent over the same 

month in 1979. 

The 67,810 visitors brought the cumulative total for the year to 

1,088,639. The number is only slightly behind that for this point in 

1979, the third busiest year since the tours began in 1966. KSC officials 

predict that this year's totals may rival those of 1979. 

Release No. 196-80, November 5, 1980) 

(NASA News 

o The launch 0' the Satellite Business System satellite or a Delta rocket 

will mark the debut of a new spacecraft propulsion system and the first 

test of what will be the upper stage for Delta-class payloads carried 

aboard the Space Shuttle. 

The new solid-propellant rocket system is called the PAM, for Payload 

Assist Module. 

orbiter's cargo bay will propel spacecraft deployed frm the Shuttle to 

A modified version of the PAM designed to be carried in the 

248 
aItitudes beyond its reach. 

inissior!, it is called the SSUS - Spinning Solid Upper Stage. (NASA News 

Release No. 197-80, Lovember 5, 1380) 

When the new vehicle is used in (L Shuttle 

o The planned 58!-second next-to-last test of the three-engine Space Shuttle 

Engine (SSME) cluster- was autoindtical ly terminated after 22 seconds 

Mcnday dt the Nation,?! Spdit? :ec>ilolog; Labs. 

Sensars hdd deterin1nt.d thdt teinper-dtures in the turbine drive of the high 

pressure fuel turbopuiryr in t.nginr 12 exceeded acceptable limits. 

An inspection by NASA found ,in irr-eguldr hole 6 io 8 inches in slte a few 

inches above the base of the nozzle ut engine 42, involving 22 coolant 

tubes whlch carry liquid nydroqen ilp the nozzle to cool the nozzle durlng 

engine operation. Loss of fuel thrcuyh the severed coolant tubes resuited 

in dn 0xygen-rl;h in:xturc! in the fuel pre-burner causing the high pressure 

fuel turbine's dischdrye temper-dtilrt' to exceed the automatic cutoff limit. 

A visual inspection toilnd no gther ddriidqe to the engine. but a further 

investigation 1s underway, 

The failure is a disturbing settusk to plans to make the first Shuttle 

launch on Harch 10, but the ayeniy said that the failure by itself will not 

force a rescheduling of that mission. 

NASA had said before the test that it planned two final tests of the SSME, 

and if both were perfect, it would be ready for ldunch. [The second test 

was planned by Des. 1.3 However, it said that if one test was not successful, it cotrlii conduct a third test in late December or early Jmuary. 

Monday's test cas the 11th tiring of the SSME cluster. Major test objectives had been performdrie evaludtions of the engine's thrust vector control system, the liquid oxygen and 1 iquid bydrogen pressurization system, 

and tne low-level fuel cutoff system. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 3. 

Wednesday, November 5, 1980, p It) 

249 
o The Sovi et Union launched Cosmos 1219, a medi un-resol uti on photographic 

reconnai ssance/survei 1 lance sate1 1 i te, on Friday, Oct. 31. 

an orbit of 205/353 kilometers, 72.9 degrees, 89.7 minutes. 

was the second reconlsurvey mission by the Soviets in as many days. 

1218 was launched the day before as a high-resolution photographic system. 

It was put into 

Cosmos 1219 

Cosmos 

Launch of the SBS-1 domestic satcom has been rescheduled for Saturday, 

Nov. 15, at KSC. Three-day delay was caused by a decision to replace one 

of the Delta 3910 launch vehicle's Castor strap-on motors. 

Vol. 113, No. 3, Wednesday, November 5, 1980, p 17) 

(Defense Daily, 

o "When Voyager's encounter with Saturr? is over, all the textbooks in the 

world deal i ng with planetary systems wi 11 have to be rewritten"--Jet 

Propulsion Laboratory spokesman Frank Bri stow, Nov. 3, 1980. (Defense 

Daily, Vo1. 113, No. 3, Wednesday, November 5, 1980, p 21) 

Novedm 6: With the Republicans now in control of the Senate, Sen. Harrison 

("Jack") Schmitt (R-N.M.) is now in 'ine to become chairman of the Subconmittee on Science, Technology and Space of the Senate Comnerce Comnittee, 

which is responsible for the NASA authorization. 

Schmitt, the former Apollo astronaut and the most knowledgeable and enthusiastic supporter of the space program in the Congress, would replace Sen. 

Adlai E. Stevenson (D-Ill.), who did not run for reelection. Stevenson has 

been a consistent supporter of the NASA budgets submitted to the Congress, 

but has not sought to make any major increases, a move largely dictated by 

the mood of Congress. He and Scnmitt, who has been the ranking Republican 

on the subcommittee, have worked closely together. 

At the same time, both men have spearheaded the first effort in Congress to 

get the Executive Branch to establish a new long range space policy for the 

nation and to establish an operational Earth Resources Satellite system -- 

although they have advocated different course of action within those programs. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 4, Thursday, November 6, 1980, p 25) 

250 
ORIGINAL PAGE 1s 

OF POOR QitALlTY 

hvwber 7: Columbia's prime crew logged lots of landing practice last week 

as they inade simulated orbiter approaches to the Shuttle Landing Facillty 

in a modified Grumnan Gulfstream jet. 

The purpose of the exercises was to glve prime crew astronauts John Young 

and Bob Crippen some ?rnttice at making manual landing approaches while 

becoming fdmiliar with the automated Microwave Scanning Beam Landing 

System. 

Crippen was at the controlb 3n Tuesddy cs the Gulfstream aproached from the 

northeast at an aititurte of about 35,000 feet. 

falling against an azure background, thc plane made its steep descent to 

the runwxv and roared past spectators without touching down. 

Looking like a white speck 

"It's not that much of d drop," Crippen told a group of newsmen following 

his six practice approaches. 

to it, Mould look a little steep to you.'' 

"The dive to the ground, if you weren't used 

A "little steep," as he put it, is about seven times steeper than the landing approach made by a coimnerclal aircraft. 

The instruments and controls on the left side of the Gulfstream's cockpit 

have been modiffed to resemble those on the comnander's side 6f the 

orbiter's flight deck. A screen which looks like a small television picture tube displays a computer schematic show1 

progress. 

One big difference between the Gulfstredm and 

Shuttle Training Aircraft has power - the orb 

g the craft's descent 

the real orbiter is that the 

ter does not. 

"That's the tricky thing about landing the Shuttle," said Crippen. 

Astronauts will manually land the orbiter during the first couple of 

flights, Crippen said. 

be control led by the automated Microwave Scanning Beam Landing System, or 

MSBLS. 

After that, the Shuttle's return to the ground will 

Although the astronauts were flying mnua\ approaches during last week's 

tests, the MSBLS was operating to familiarize the astronauts with the 

system. \Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 24, November 7, 1980, p 3) 

251 
o It is a craft for the Space Shuttle program, and its captain Is named James 

Bond, but it's definitely not from "Moonraker." 

It is the UTC Liberty, first of two specially-built ships used for the 

recovery of spent solid rocket boosters after each Space Shuttle flight. 

Operated for NASA by United Space Boosters, Inc. (USBI), the 176-foot long 

vessel features many unique adaptations for the role of recoverir,g and 

returning spent sol id rocket booster casings for refurbishment and reuse. 

The Liberty arrived at its Hangar AF berth on Oct. 22, and was scheduled to 

begin local sea trials early this week. 

and readied for acceptance tests at the builder's Fort George Island shipyards, near Jacksonville, and will be delivered here in several weeks. 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 24, November 7, 1980, p 3) 

The UTC Freedom is being fitted 

o The beauty of Saturn's rings is overshadowed only by recent discoveries of 

their complexity. Photographed by the voyager I spacecraft 8 million miles 

away, the flat rjngs look like ripples spreading out across a lake. The 

rings actual ly contain dark "fingers" that reach thousands of miles across 

their brightest parts. Each of the countless ring particles (in the fingers) moves in its own orbit around the planet like a tiny moon. 

can't begin to explain the baffling discovery. 

within about 80,000 miles of the planet's cloudtops Nov. 12. 

Friday, November 2, 1980) 

Scientists 

The spacecraft will sail 

(Today, 

o Ford built it, NASA will launch it, and 105 nations will use it. 

It is an INTELSAT V, the largest comnunications satellite ever built, 

weighing in at two tons. 

Telecommunications Organization (INTELSAT) wi 11 be launched Dec. 4 aboard a 

NASA Atlas Centaur rocket. 

The satellite for the 105-nation International 

Ford, INTELSAT and NASA showed it off Thursday at the Cape Canaveral Air 

Force Station, where it wi 11 be launched. 

Once it is in orbit more than 22,000 miles above the Atlantic Ocean, 70 

percent of transatlantic phone calls will be bounced off fts antennas and 

all live transatlmtic television will traverse its circuits. 

252 
The satellite is the first of nine that will make up the INTELSAT V system. The new and bigger series of satellites can handle 12,000 calls at 

one time - twice as many calls as their predecessors. 

The total system is costing INTELSAT 8300 million. Why do the members of 

INTELSAT, many of them underdeveloped nations like the Congo, Bangladesh, 

Haiti, Iraq and Iran, want to spend all that money on satel!ites? 

Because long-distance telephone traffic is doubling every four years, said 

Jean Louis Mdury, INTELSAT's spacecraft program office manager. "The traffic is increasing very fast, and the lifetime of IYTELSAT IV is coming to a 

close," Maury said. 

The first five satellites in the series will be launched on Atlas Centaurs, 

he said. Originally, INTELSAT was considering launching the sixth, seventh 

and eighth satellites on the Space Shuttle, but because of delays, the 

organization has decided to reserve space on European A"-\NE rockets. 

Ariane, like the Shuttle, is a yet unproven system, Maury said. 

The 

But INTELSAT is keeping an ace in the hole. The satellites will be compatible with either the Shuttle or the Ariane. 

Ford Aerospace and Comnunications Corp. assembled the sate1 llte for 

INTELSAT. 

Japan. 

lifetime of seven to 10 years. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 24, November 

7, 1980, p 3) 

Some major elements gf the satellite were buSlt in Europe and 

It took four years to complete the satellite, which will have a 

o Without a contract for four days workers at the Kennedy Space Center's 

Visitor Information Center are considering a strike. 

Almost 135 workers, represented by the International Association cf 

Machinists and Aerospace Workers, District 166, voted Tuesday n. ght to 

str %e. 

The workers will strike if NASA's tour contractor, THA Tours, does not 

begin negotiating "in good faith," and if the union's national leadership 

authorizes a walkout, said Frank Walley, strike committee chairman. 

The strike vote came after the workers voted down the three-year contract 

TWA offered after a month of negotiations. 

253 
The workers ' 1 ast contract expi red Saturday. 

The union represents about 150 tour bus drivers, cafeteria workers, ticket 

takers, bus mechanics, groundkeepers and maintenance workers. 

Although union and TWA officials are scheduled to resume talks Sunday, 

Walley said he believes a strike is inevitable. 

November 7, 1980) 

(Today, Friday, 

o Space shuttle program managers say they hope an accident that knocked a 

hole through an engine last week won't delay the first launch of the craft. 

Major Test Manager James Sisson of the Marshall Space Flight Center at 

Huntsville, Ala. said Thursday that Monday's failure of the main propulsion 

test was similar to an earlier failure on a single engine. 

The test at the National Space Technology Laboratories in Bay St. Louis, 

Miss., was of a cluster of three shuttle engines, fed by an external tank. 

It is identical t!, the system that will power the Space Shuttle Columbia, 

scheduled for launch next March 14. 

The system was to fire for 581 seconds Monday, but was cut short at 21.7 

seconds by high temperatures in a pre-burner that powers the main fuel 

pump. 

exhaust norzl e. 

Part of its hydrogen su+ply was cut off by a hole in the main 

Sisson said another maSn propulsion test might be tried before Nov. 24, 

with another firing to come around Jan. 1. The final test is scheduled for 

Feb. 7 at the launch pad at Kennedy Space Center. (Sentinel Star, Friday, 

November 7, 1980) 

loveaber 10: They're calling it an iinkdsse but both sides in the labor dispute that could shut down the Kennedy Space Center's Visitor Information 

Center are confident an agreement can be reached by the end of the week. 

That's when the approximately 135 visitor center workers, represented by 

the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, District 

166, plan to go on strike. 

254 
. ~ ... 

The first day of bargaining with federal inediator Richard Deem and union 

and management team lasted about four hours Sunday at tCe Cocoa Bexh 

Holiday Inn. 

At two rectangular tables set up In one of the larger hotel sultes, union 

and management bargaining teams set in with plenty of cups of coffee and 

cokes. 

Mediator Deem sat at the head of the table, occasionally breaking up the 

join: meeting to hold individual private sessions with the different 

parties. 

A second round of talks is scheduled today at noon and both sides say they 

will negotiate through the week. 

The union voted last Tuesday to strike and union business agent Roger 

kwdrick said Sunday afternoon TWA Services Inc. will be put on notice - 

without a contract the workers wil! walk out at the end of the week. TWA 

Services operates the Visitor Information Center. (Today, Monday, November 

16, 1980) 

o SBS-A, the first in a series of three comnercial service comnunications 

satellites, is scheduled to be launched on a Delta 3910 vehicle from the 

Eastern Space and Missile Center (ESMC) no earlier than Nove,aber 12, 1980. 

The launch support for this mission will be provided by NASA, on a reimbursable basis, to SBS, a consortium of IBM, Comsat General, and AETNA 

Insurance, at a fixed price of 622.OM. 

scheduled for March 1981. 

The launch of SBS-B on Delta is 

The SBS-A spacecraft will be the first capable of transmitting point-topoint voice, date, facsimile, and telex messages within the continental 

United States, as routine commercial service in the 12/14 GHz (K-) Band. 

Prior K-Band service on the KTS-6, CTS, and Telesat-D was experimental. 

This will also be the :irst use of the McDonnell-Douglas developed Payload 

Assist Module (PAM 1) which will place the SBS-A spacecraft into a synchronous transfer drbit. The spacecraft Apogee Kick Motor will be fired at 

transfer orbit apogee to circularize its orbit at geosynchronous altitude 

of roughly 19,300NM above the equator at approximately 106 degrees W 

longitude, roughly 3 days after launch. (Mission Operation Report, Office 

of Space Transportation Operations, No. 0492-213-80-01, SBS-A/Delta Launch, 

10-9-80) 

255 
o The FLTSATCON-C spacecraft was successfully launched into a synchronous 

transfer orbit by the Atlas-Centaur AC-49 at 2026 hours EST from the ETR 

Launch Complex 36 on 17 January 1980. 

The transfer orbit parameters are: 

Actual Horn1 nal 

Inclination (degrees) 26.3557 26.2526 

Eccent ri ci t) 0.732301 0.7322?9 

Apogee Height (KM) 35975.9 35971.5 

Perigee Height (KM) 166.96 166.92 

The spacecraft apogee kick motor was successfully fired at fifth apogee on 

20 January 1980, injecting the FLTSATCOM spacecraft into the desired 

synchronous orbit. 

nominal ly. 

All spacecraft systems were turned on and are operating 

MISSION OBJECTIVES FOR FLTSATCOM 

NASA OBJECTIVES 

To launch the FLTSATCOM spacecraft into a transfer orbit which enables the 

spacecraft apogee motor to inject the spacecraft into a synchronous orbit. 

SPACE DIVISION - AIR FORCE SYSTEMS OBJECTIVES 

To fire the apogee motor, position the satellite into its planned synchronous near equatorial orbit, and operate and manage the system for the 

USAF and USN. 

10, 1980) 

(Mi ssi on Operat i on Report, MOR No. 0-491-202-80-03, November 

o On Merrit Island, a few hundred yards from the 21st century, prehistoric 

times persist. 

But will sea ?urtles - those lumbering, lovable survivors from 200 million 

years ago - silrvive the space age? 

A new study warns that the John F. Kennedy Space Flight Center is 

disturbinoly close to a vital breeding ground for sea turtles. 

Once the space shuttle launches start, NASA should morlitor the turtles to 

make sure that the roaring, fire-spitting rockets don't upset the shy, 

sensitive creatures, the study says. 

256 

'. a .,a. A. , . , ->- L 3 

OF POOR QUALITY 
And NASA has agreed, by and large. 

The space agency is ironing out details of a turtle-watching program, said 

Dr. Bill Knott , the space center's Biological Sciences Officer. 

The agency mi ght e /en "re-or1 ent" shutt 

launch times - if the flights seem to a 

said. 

e missions - for example, change 

ter the turtles' lifestyle, Knott 

And not just becaust3 NASA likes turtles, either. 

Endangered Species Act would require NASA to change its plans to avoid 

harming the turtles, Knott said. (Sentinel Star, Monday, November 10, 

1980) 

It's the law: The U.S. 

o NASA has pushed back the tentative launch date for the first Shuttle missinn from March 10 to March 14 in order to add a Launch Readiness Verification Test after the Flight Readiness Firing of the SSME on the launch pad. 

The verification test wi 11 be an evaluation of the electrical/electronics 

and flight control system of the Shuttle in ascent, descent and return-tolaunch-pad-after-abort simulation profi les. 

be affected by the SSME test failure Nov. 3, but NASA has not made such a 

conclusion to date. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 6, Monday, November 10, 

1980, p 42) 

The launch schedule could also 

o A nine-year spzce shuttle development has reached a significant turning 

point as the shuttle engineering and manufacturing phase is finally giving 

way to a formal launch processing flow here that should allow first flight 

next April or May. 

Integration and stacking of the first flight vehicle has oegun to peak with 

activities centering around shuttle processing in the Vehicle Assembly 

Building. Martin Marietta's heavily insulated 154-ft. external tank was 

mated late last week to the two Thiokol/McDonnell Douglas 2.9-million-1b.- 

thrust solid rocket boosters mounted on the mobile launcher platform. 

The three Rocketdyne space shuttle main engines were to be reinstalled in 

the orbiter Columbia by this week to ready Rockwell's winged spacecraft for 

movement to the Vehicle Assembly Building as early as late next week for 

vertical stacking. 

25 7 
There is a distinct attitude among Kennedy management and technical personnel that the space shuttle program is coining together here: that although 

problems and hurdles remain, the major hardware and software elements are 

solidifying into a vehicle ready to fly. 

Technology, Vol. 113, No. 19, p 17) 

(Aviation Week & Space 

o Three days of climbing around the space shuttle launch facllities here - 

eyeball-to-eyeball with recalcitrdnt thermal tiles and with a new generati on of automated countdown hardware and software - leaves one overriding 

impression. Space shuttle is over the crec,t of its first-flight problems. 

Since the delivery of Orbiter 102 to the launch center a year and a half 

ago, there has been a wrestling inatch with tiles that would not stick, a 

succession of change orders , and the devel opment and debuggl ng of software 

for a launch sequence much different from Apollo. There are still problems 

lurking in the bushes, but the momentum has changed from an uphill grind to 

a downhill roll. 

Latest in the series of launch dates for the first shuttle flight - desfgnated STS 1 - is Mar. 14, 1981. NASA is going to stick officially to that 

date, even though everyone from the administrator on down is aware of the 

difficulties in meeting it. To make that date means that every sub-item in 

26 milestone steps on a condensed schedule waterfall chart must be 

coinpleted right on the button after the vehicle reaches the launch pad - 

checks, procedural validations, countdown dry run and flight readiness firing of the Orbiter's cluster of three main engines. 

schedule exists for fixes, reruns, or procedural changes and revalidations. 

No elasticity in the 

I 

a slip is the best guarantee, in Murphy's Law precedent, that the 

shuttle prognosis is that 

not be breached by much: 

Despite the improbability of that kind of a checkout and countdown for the 

first hot launch, the date will stand. 

schedule 

even if 

days or 

Any admission of the possibility of 

ation Week & Space Techno ogy, 

will slip. The important change in the 

the March schedule is breached, it will 

weeks rather than mcnths or years. (Av 

Vol. 113, No. 19, p 9) 

November 12: As many as 650 Kennedy Space Center workers for the Space 

Shuttle, hired temporarily by Rockwell International Corp. to finish putting heat-resistant tiles on the Spaceship Columbia, will be laid off over 

the next two or three weeks, a Rockwell spokesman said Tuesday. 

But it shouldn't come as a surprise to any of them. 

258 
"They knew when they were hired that they were temporary workers," the 

spokesman said. "In fact, many of them were college students." 

The spokesman for Rockwell said some of the workers were told when hired 

they would be working for about eight months - that was two years ago, he 

said. 

When the Columbia landed at KSC on the back of a Boeing 747 transport in 

March of 1979, it had 23,000 tiles on it - only 7,922 short of the more 

than 30,000 tile goal. 

But because of flight damage and late design changes, thousands of tiles 

had to be taken off the Columbia to undergo strengthening. 

Wednesday, November 12, 1980) (Today, 

o The outlook for passage of FY '81 HUD-IA appropriation, including money for 

NASA, remains uncertain. If the bill is not passed, Congress would substitute a continuing resolution, allowing money to be spent at last year's 

level or a level decided on, but excluding new starts. 

While the HUD-IA appropriation has passed both t' 'Yenate and House, placing it ahead of most of the ten other money bills which remain to be passed 

[i ncl udi ng the defense appropri at i ons bi 11 which has not even cleared 

Senate committee], no one knows as yet how long the "lame duck" sessior of 

Congress will last or if it will be long enough to accomnodate the various 

bi 1 Is. 

Moreover, the HUD bill, which might otherwise be toward the top of the 

list, is enmeshed in a controversy over reprograming by NASA between the 

House subcommittee chaired by Rep. Edward Boland (D-Mass.) and the Senate 

subcommittee, which includes Sen. Jack Schmitt (R0N.M.). 

Boland, citing the cost overruns an a number of NASk programs, has been 

trying to get NASA to agree to a one-comn'ttee congressional veto over 

requested reprogrammings of $100 million or more. He argues that this is 

required in order to provide effective appropriations oversight, pointing 

out that this procedure is followed on the defense bill. However, sir,ce 

denial of such a reprograiming request [by either of the two appropriations 

or two authorization committees] would effectively kill some, if not most, 

programs, NASA has declined to go along. Schmitt has strongly endorsed the 

NASA position as has the authorizing committees, who believe the onecomnittee veto would improperly give programnatic authority to the 

appropr i at i ons commi tt ees. 

259 , ,a 

'3f z;: . 
Because of the failure to reach an agreement on the reprograming authority, Boland withdrew the R&D portion of the NASA appropriation from the FY 

'81 HUD-IA appropri at i ons bi 11 , which was subsequently passed by the House , including a $20 million cut in NASA Construction and R&PM. 

The Senate bill adds $51 million to the overall NASA budget, including $65 

million for R&D. 

mi 1 1 i on, reduction]. 

[However, both bills subject NASA to a 2 percent, $111 

While the money figures could be worked out relatively easily, the reprogramming impasse remains a serious stumbling block to passage of the HUD-IA 

bill. 

[Note: Nine of the ten members of the House subcommittee, which consists 

of 7 Democrats and 3 Republicans, have been reelected. Rep. Bennett 

Stewart (D-Ill.) lost in the primaries. However, the Republican gains in 

the ;louse are expected to require a reconstitution of the committee to a 

6/4 margin for the Democrats.] (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 7, Wednesday, 

November 12, 1980, p 48) 

o The U.S. Voyager 1 spacecraft, nearly a billion miles from Earth arlu hurtling toward a 77,000-mile encounter with the giant planet Saturn t :?y, has 

added to its discoveries: 

outside the planet's A-ring. 

believed caused by an immense, continuing storm. 

within rings]. 

1980, p 49) 

* A 15th moon of Saturn, about 50 miles across, and located just 

* A 780-mile-wide Red Spot, comparable to a similar marking on Jupiter, 

* Additional concentric features within the planet's "rings" [rings 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 7, Wednesday, Novemter 12, 

o The European Space Agency, which has been developing the Spacelab for 6-1/2 

years, will turn over the non-flying engineering model of Spacelab to NASA 

Nov. 28 'in Bremen, jlest Germany, where Spacelab is built by VFW-ERNO. The 

model , whi ch wi 11 be used in Space1 ab/Shutt 1 e i ntegrati on preparation, wi 11 

be flown to Kennedy Space Center in early December. The first Spacelab 

fl?ght unit is to be delivered next year. A second unit, to be paid for by 

NASA, will be delivered in the 1982-83 period. First two Spacelab flights 

are scheduled for June and November 1983. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 7, 

Wednesday, November 12, 1980, p 51) 

260 
o Intelsat, which has planned to launch its first five Intelsat V's with the 

General Pynamics Atlas-Centaur and then use the European Ariane for three 

of the next four laimches, has confirmed those plans. 

Fred Orinsby, chief launch vehicle engineer for Intelsst, was quoted as 

saying that the choice was between Ariane and the Space Shuttle. 

"It was very tough to make a decision as to the launch vehicle when neither 

the Shuttle nor the Ariane has been proven in performance," he said, inaicating the Arlane would be used for the sixth, seventh and eighth Intelsat 

V launches. 

However, Intelsat has also ordered three augmented Atlas-Centaurs which 

could be used for any of the Intelsat V launches or for the follow-on 

Intelsat V-A. 

Intelsat took options for two Space Shuttle launches for Intelsat V, but 

delays ir: the Shuttle has made its use improbable. 

First of the Intelsat V's is scheduled for launch Dec. 4 from Cape 

Canavcral by an Atlas-Centaur. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, bio. 7, Wednesday, 

Yovember 12, 1980, p 52) 

o NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory s reported to have directly approached 

President-elect Reagan to provide funds in FY '82 to initiate a mission to 

rendezvous with Halley's Comet in 1985. 

the Carter Administration and NAS has been concentrating its efforts on 

negotiating arrangements to participate in the European Space Agency's 

Hal i ey m! ssi on. 

That project was not approved by 

The JPL approach to Reagan was said to be made by a trustee of CalTech, 

Earle M. Jorgenson, president of Jorgensan Steel Co. (DPfense Daily, Vol. 

113, NO. 7, Wednesday, November 12, 1980, p 52) 

November 13: Ivey's Stee Erectors, Inc. of Merritt Island, Flor 

a $1,371,144 construct on contract from NASA's John F. Kennedy 

Center, to bui Id a Li fe Sciences Support Faci 1 i ty. 

da, hac won 

Space 

26 1 
This facility, :o be constructed within an existing building, will support 

non-human life sciences flight experiments to be flown on the Space 

Shuttle. 

Up to 20 Principal Investigators will be able to work in the building, and 

as many as 30 primates and 500 rodents can be housed there. Holding and 

preparation areas for plats, fish and amphibians, cells and tissues -will 

also be available. 

NASA will fly several Shuttle missions dedicated to life sciences 

investigations con:?ining between 20 and 45 experiments. 

will provide the laboratories, shops, dati! managements, storage and 

synchronous ground control areas needed to support those missions. 

News Release No. 198430, November 13, 1980) 

This facility 

(NASA 

o Sen. Jack Schmttt (R-N,M.), who is expected to become chatrman of the Senate Subcommittee on Science, Technology & Space in the next Congress, it 

working on a revised version of his 30-year National Space i% Aeronautics 

Policy Act which he first fntroduced in 1418 and submitted In revised form 

in 1979. 

Schmitt, who is continuing to solicit c@!mnents on his draft bill, plans to 

reintroduce the legislation in the new Congress next year. 

The 1Y79 oiil, w!iich had nine cosponsors, called on NASA and the Uhite 

House to wepars a national 30-year space and aeronautics policy goals 

statement. It recommended tkat this start with a firm 5-year program plan 

with ar.nual funding requirements, followed by a 10-year plan and then a 

3C-year palicy goals statement. (Defense Jaily, Vol. 3, No. 8, Thursday, 

November 13, 1980, p 57) 

Wovdwr 16: A< Voyager 1 shilzd away from a "flawless': rendezvous with 

Saturn, sc:e,.:ists reveled Thursday in a shower of discoveries, including 

hints Chat tne giant moon Titan may be a frozen, murky swamp of liquid 

nitrogen. 

Missim scientists also sa'+ Voyager confirmed loncj-neld suspicions of a 

sixth ring around :$turn ad may have discovered a seventh. 
Pictures transmitted over nearly a billion miles of space also provided a 

wealth of new informatfon atmt the smaller, icy moons that circle Saturn. 

"We have had no prxlems. 

project manager Esker Davis said of Wednesaay's close pass by the big 

golden planet. 

It's really beer! a flawless operation," deputy 

(Today, Friday, November 14, 1980) 

o No, they're not dive bombing cars, scaring birds or "buzzing". Those jets 

that swoop down low over the southern access road to Playalinda Beach 

(State Road 402) are part of NASA's training program for Space Shuttle 

astronzut pilots. 

For the past several weeks, Space Shuttle flight crews have been flying 

practice landing approaches to the Shuttle Landing Facility runway, located 

less than a mile south of the road. The flights, which take place +n early 

morning and late afternoon, follow both the ground track and descent angles 

that astronauts will eventually fly to land the Space Shuttle at KSC. 

(NASA News Release No. 200-80, November 14, 1980) 

o France on Oct. 30 ratified the convention establishing the European Space 

Agency, thereby completing the legal formalities required for the entry 

into force of the convention. 

ESA, by the agreement of all its members, has been in operation on a 

"de facto" basis since the members signed the €SA convention in May 1975. 

The agency said the foml ratification should "not be underestimatzd," 

since it provides the c?even member states with "the means of taking advantage of all the possibilities offered by the ESA convention, whose purpose 

is to give Europe's space effort a truly European dimension." The members 

are Belgiunr, Denmark, France, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain, 

Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and West Germany. (Defense Daily, 

Vol. '.13, No. 9, Friday, November 14, 1980, p 65) 

263 
Noveder 15: The first underwater launch of a new breed of Britlsh Polaris 

missiles was successfully executed Friday by the crew of the HMS Renown, 

the U.S. Air Force said. 

The two-stage missile popped ablaze from the Atlantic at 3 porn., punching a 

hole in the low cloud cover. It left behind an inverted white mushroom 

cloud hanging over an azure boll that the missi e had drilled in the 

surface of the Atlantic. 

The launch, originally scheduled for 11:30 a.m. was repeatedly postpo,,ed: 

first, by a navigation problem on an airplane; second, by a malfunctioning 

computer on the plane; third, by a passenger jet that flew over the area; 

fourth, by a problem with the missile itself; and finally, by a downrange 

tracking ship that had drifted out of position. 

The United States signed an agreeinent in 1962 to sell unarmed Polaris 

missiles to the United Kingdom. 

The British have bui It four nuclear-powered submarines and have designed 

and built their own nuclear warheads. 

version of a new British warhead. 

Friday's test was of an improved 

Although the test warhead was unarmed, such systems as guidance and 

telemetry can still be tested. (Today, Saturday, November 15, 1980) 

o Ali systems appear to be go for today's scheduled launch of a comunications satel 1 ite fro:n Cdpe Canaveral Air Force Station. 

The satellite, SGS-A, is owned by Satellite Business Systems and is 

designed to beam information, pictures ar,d words to a network of Earth 

stations throughout the United States. 

Rober+ S. Ccuper, vice president for ergineering for SBS, said the 1,200- 

pound teiescoping cy1 inaer wi 11 receive md beam back sisnals at frequencies twice or three times as high as those now being used by communications 

satel 1 i tes. 

And unlike other satellites which beam signais from one point of Earth's 

surface to another, SBS-A will bebm signals from any one of 50 Earth 

stations to any of the other 49. 

264 
With relatively small rooftop antennas, the company's customers can use the 

satellite to exchange information at up to 3.1 million bits of information 

a second, to send electrorlic mil, to carry on phone conversations, and to 

conduct televised conferences. 

"It will revolutionize di 

said. 

Launch Director Chuck Gay 

that wi 11 hurdle the sete 

i tal telecommunications in this country," Cooper 

said if a 

lite into 

The first launch window spans eight 

1 goes as planned, the Delta rocket 

space will lift off at 5:49 p.m. today. 

minutes, from 5:49 to 5:57 p.m. 

If that launch period doesn't par! out, there is a second window from 7:32 

p.m. to 7:44 p.m. and a third froin 8:21 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. 

"We're going for the first portion of the first window so we won't have to 

worry about the other two," Gay sald. "But they're there if we need them. 

"Right now we have no known problems. We don't expect anything to hold us 

tlp," Gay said. (Today, Saturiay, November 15, 1980) 

o The violent history of the infant solar system is recorded on Saturn's 

small, icy mons which were cratered, cracked, split and perhaps even shattered during that early period, a Voyager scientist said Friday. 

At all but one of the moons Voyager 1 explored this week, "we are clearly 

looKing at objects whose surface dates back to a very early part of solar 

system history," said Eugene Shoemaker of the U.S. Geological Survey. 

(Today, Saturday, November i5, 1980) 

Nowrber 16: NASA shot its own Saturday night special to the delight of 

Sate1 1 i te Business Systems, whose fi rst sate1 1 i te was whi rl i ng around the 

Earth and talking to ground stations late Saturday night. 

Bathed in spotlights, a sparkling-white Delta rocket rose slowly from 

Complex 17 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station right on schedule at 5:49 

p.m. 

265 
The evening sky turned a pale pink as the rocket disappeared into the 

clouds, but it was visible again as it wrote a fiery pink contrail across a 

break in the scattered clouds. 

The communications satellite is the first of a new brea of orbiting relay 

stations to bounce all sorts of signals around the United States. 

Not only 

also wi 1 

electron 

And says 

ab1 e 

wi 11 

use 

cw 

SBS. 

customers use the satellite for telepnone conversations, they 

it to conduct conferences over closed-circuft TV, to send 

1 and to transfer information from one computer to another. 

all this for less. 

cent to 40 percent, depending on how much they use the system, said Robert 

C. Hall, president of the newly forined company. 

16, 1980) 

Customers can expect savings of 20 per- 

(Today, Sunday, November 

Noveder 17: Kennedy Space Center's deputy director has been named to 

President-elect Ronald Reagan's transition team to acquaint the new 

administration with NASA. 

Gerald Griffin will work with members of both Reagan's and President 

Carter's staffs. 

Griffin, who was appointed Deputy Director of KSC in May 1977, has met with 

Edwin Meese, who on Friday was named Reagan's White House counselor. 

Griffin said Satirrday he will serve as NASA's transition officer between 

Carter and Reagan until the inabguration in January, 

As transition officer, Griffin will serve as the point of contact concerning NASA for the incoming and outgoing administrztions. 

Reagan's i?It?f liaison for the NASA transitional team has not been named. 

"It's going to be 3 very busy several weeks. 

preparation involved," Griffin. 46, said. 

There is quite a bit of 

Griffin said he will head an effort to prepare documents acquaintjng Reagan 

with issues facing NASA, particularly the Spxe Shuttle project. 

256 
"It wasn't a surprise to me," said KSC Director Dick Snlth. 

see him involved, but from a personal standpoint,, I'd llke to see him at 

KSC because we could use him. As far as the agency though, I think it's 

the right thing to do." 

"I'm happy to 

Griffin, who lives in Satellite Eeach, has been associatea with NASA slnce 

1964. (Today, Monday, November 17, 1980) 

o Martin Marietta Aerospace, principal contractor for the Space Shuttle's 

External Tank, has been awarded an 18-month, $600,000 contract by Marshall 

Space Flight Center to assist NASP in defining the technology requirements 

and developing conceptual designs for launch vehicles derived from the 

Space Shuttle. 

The derivative vehicles would be designed to provide more lift than the 

65,000 pound payload capabi 1 ity of the present Shuttle. 

first phase of the work calls for Hartin to define space mission requirements and develop conceptual designs for four Shuttle-derived launch vehicles utilizing "the basic components of the Space Shuttle." The most 

promising concepts will be selected for in-depth technology identification 

and planning. 

The second phase of the effort calls for the company to perform a detailed 

technology analysis of the selected concepts. This will include a complete 

system analysis, determination of detailed technology requirements and preparation of an implementation plan for selected technologies which have 

economic and performance advantages. 

The study will be conducted by the Advanced Programs Department of Martin's 

Hichoud Division in New Orleans. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 10, Monday, 

November 17, 1980, p 71) 

i) The U.S. Yoyager 1 spacecraft climaxed its incredible journey to the outer 

planets Wednesday as it flew beneath Saturn at a distance of 77,000 miles 

from the planet's cloud tops, returning hundreds of pictures of the planet 

and its rings. 

267 
The most r-:able finding was the discovery of two "braided" rings within 

Saturn's 

"defies che iaw of pure orbiting mechanics," which should require that 

gravity fldtten out the spirals by acting equally on all parts of them. 

"O>viously they are doing the right thing and we just don't understand the 

laws involved," imaging team leader Bradford Smith sa'^ 

Scientists said the existence of the twisted rings 

Voyager did not succeed, however, in photographing the surface of the cjiant 

moon Titan, which was obscured by a dense atmosphere of methane gas. Howevx, measurements were made of the temperature of the moon and the temperature and density of its atmosphere. 

Among the objects photographed by the spacecraft, which is now heading out 

of the solar system, was a large crater with a central peak on the Moon 

Micas, bright cobweb-like markings on the moons Rhea and Dione, and a 500- 

mile-long canyon on the moon Tethys. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 10, 

Monday, Nwember 17, 1980, p 71) 

November 18: George Low, the former acting administrator of NASA from 1970 to 

1976, has been appointed the Reagan transition team leader for the agency. 

Low, 54, who served as the Apollo spacecraft manager in 1964 and the Deputy 

Administrator of NASA from 1969 to 1970, is president of Rensselaer 

Poiytechni c Institute i n New York. 

Among of.her transition appointments yesterday, Robert ti, Kupperman, the 

chief scientist of the U.S. Arms Control and Oisarinament Agency from 1973 

to 1979, was named to head the transition team for the Federal Emergency 

Hanageinent Agency. 

Upiversity's Center for Strategic and International Studies and a fellow of 

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in 1979. (Defense Gaily, Vol. 113, No. 

11, Tuesday, Novernber 18, 1980, p 76) 

Kupperman became a senior fell ow at Georgetown 

o President ir-ter caiied scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory last 

week to congratulate them on the success of the Voyager 1 mission, calling 

it "a superb scientific achievement." 

The Presidebit is also quoted as telling the scientists that he !]<is proposed 

funds for a new mission to Venus (the Venus Orbiting Imaging Kaddr) in 

FY '82, but noted that the final decision 3n funding the progrdirl will be up 

to President-elect Reagan and the new Congress. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, 

No. 11, Tuesday, November 18, 1380, p 82) 
o The SBS-1 domestic communications satellite was successfully launched from 

Kennedy Space Center at 5:45 PM EST Nov. 15 by a McDonnell Douglas Delta 

launch vehicle. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 11, Tuesday, November 18, 

1980, p 82) 

Novenber 19: Voyager 1, having arrived at and departed from Saturn, is now 

speeding out of the solar system. 

The spacecraft continues to return photographs of exceptional quality of 

Saturn, its rings and its satellites. 

On Wednesday, Nov. 12, at 5:46 p.m. CST, Voyager 1 made its closest 

approach to the planet - coming within 77,202 miles (124,239 km) at a speed 

of 56,559 mph. It sped on its journey, passing under Saturn's rings, 

continuing to take measurements and return photos and data to Earth. 

As it travels away from Saturn, Voyager 1 gradually loses velocity. By 2 

a.m. Monday it had slowed to 34,712 mph and had reached a point 3,758,269 

miles from the gaseous planet. 

Sane of the early results of experiments indicate that the atmosphere of 

Tjtan, Saturn's largest moon, is not methane, as thought previously by scientists, but is a liquid nitrogen vapor, and that Titan's surface may have 

an ocea;, of liquid nitrogen. (Marshall Star, Vol. 21, No. 11, November 19, 

1980, p 1) 

o The apogee kick motor of the SBS-1 domestic communications satellite was 

successfally fired by Comsat ground control at 5:35 PM EST Monday, boosting 

the spacecraft into a near geosynchronous orbit. 

Comsat said the orbit was nominal and all subsystems were working well. 

Deployment of the antenna reflector and solar panel skirt was planned 

yesterday or today. 

S8S-1, the first of three all-digital business comnunications satcoms planned by Satellite Business Systems, jointly owned by ISM, Comsat General and 

Aetna, is slated to begin commercial operatlons early next year. 

269 
The Hughes-bui 1 t , 1212-pound sate1 1 i te was launched by a flcDonnel1 Oougl as 

Delta launch vehicle from KS: Saturday. The launch was the flrst to use 

the Payload Assist Module -- the Delta version of the Spinnlng Solid Upper 

Stage (SSUS) being developed by McDonnell for the Space Shuttle wlth inhouse funding. Replacing the conventional third stage of the Delta, the 

PAM fired tp inject the SBS into elliptical transfer orbit, from where the 

apogee kick motor was used to circularize the orbit at geosynchronous 

a1 t i tude. 

Launch of the satellite by NASA was delayed several days after a LOX spill 

during fueling of the launch vehicle was thought to have damaged one of the 

Thiokol Castor strap-on inotors, which was subsequently removed and 

replaced. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 12, Wednesday, November 19, 1980, 

P 85) 

Wovedm TO: Grand jury hearings into suspected bill padding by Kennedy Space 

Center ccntractors recessed Wednesday. 

The grand jury has sealed seven indictments, but it is unmown If any 

involve the KSC investigation. The grand jury has considered other cases. 

The main subject of the two-day hearings at the U.S. District Court in 

Orlando was Mayfair Construction Co. of Chicago, and at least two Mayfair 

employees are known to have testified, according to sources close to the 

grand jury . 

Subcontractors of Mayfair also were called to testify, according to the 

sources. 

The subcontractors included KC Electr c Co. and New Wor 

Co., both of Ti tusvi 1 le. In ai 1 about 30 witnesses were 

of documents from the various firins were examined. 

d Construction 

called, and stacks 

Mayfair and its subcontractors worked on five contracts zt the space center 

between 1975 dnd 1977. 

These jobs included work on the Vehicle Assembly Building, the Orbiter 

Processing Facility, the Fluid Test Complex, and the Mobile Lacncher 

Platform. The contracts were wcrth a total of $13,574,610. (Today, 

Thursday, November 20, 1980) 

2 70 
o One million sightseers will crowd Brevard County to view the first space 

shuttle launch ir: March 1981, a high ranklng NASA official predicted this 

week. 

Karl Kristofferson, Deputy Oirector of Education and Awareness for NASA, 

said public attendance for the shuttle’s maiden voyage will probably equal 

the all-time record set by Apoilo 14, the only moon shot that fell on a 

weekend. (Sentinel Star, Thursday, November 20, 1980) 

o NASA said yesterday that it Is hopeful of moving the Space Shuttle Orbiter 

Columbla from the Orbiter Procssiny Facility at Kennedy Space Center to 

the Vertjcal Assembly Building at KSC on Nov. 23 as scheduled. However, 

paperwork involved in the reirispection of the insulating tiles on the 

Columbia could delay the move a day or so. The Columbia is to be mated 

with its External Tank and Solid Rocket Booster tuo days after its move 

into the VAB, Launch of the Shuttle is planned March 14, but two 

additional successful full-duration firings of the SSME Test Article 

Cluster remain to be achieved. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 13, Thursday, 

November 20, 1980, p 95) 

November 21: The FLTSATCOM-D spacecraft was successfully launched into a 

synchronous transfer orbit by the Atlas-Centaur AC-57 at 2254 hours EST 

from the ETR Launch Complex 36 on October 30, 1980. 

The transfer orbit parameters are: 

Actual Nomi na 1 

Inclination (degrees) 26.3542 26.3558 

Eccentricity 0.73158 0. !322 

Apogee Height (KM) 35972 G36; 

Perigee Height (KM) 166.7 167.1 

The spacecraft apogee ki:k motor was successfully fired at fifth apogee on 

November 1, 1980, injecting the FLTSATCOM spacecraft into the desired 

synchronous orbit. All spacecraft systems were turned on and are operating 

nominally. 

Operation - No-H-491-202-80-04, p 1) 

(Mission Operation Report - Office of Space Transportation 

27 1 
o A NASA employee was found guilty in federal magistrate's court Thursday of 

i 1 legal ly using government post age-paid envelopes for private 

correspondance. (Today, Friday, November 21, 1980) 

o After 20 months in its steel cocoon, the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia is 

about to emerge for flight. 

What had originally been envisioned as a four month operation became a monumental effort. The thermal protection system, composed mainly of fragile 

silica tiles, was virtually remanufactured while the Orbiter sat in the 

Orbiter Processing Faci I i ty (OPF). 

The problem was not so much that the tile system was insufficient for the 

task, but that the scope of the task had been underestimated. Wind tunnel 

data and computer simulations began to tell the designers that the tiles 

would have to be considered as individual structural units rather than as 

an independent coating over the orbiter's a1 umi num skin. 

Forces on the tiles multiplied and compounded as analysis of thermal 

stress, acoustic loads and structural bending revealed that these effects 

would be greater than forecast on the tiles. 

New methods of strengthening, attaching and testing the tiles were invented 

and perfected. Data on tile loads is still being gathered, and already the 

Space Shuttle is the most thoroughly wind tunnel-tested craft ever 

designed. 

of the past have been solved. 

So far, all recent inforination indicates that the tile problems 

Bst the thermal protection system has not been the only tough hurdle to 

:sap. 

to perfect than previous rocket engines. That process of perfection 

resulted in other, lengthy delays. 

The main engines were orders of magnitude illore complex and difficult 

Fortunatel,;, those delays ran concurrently with those of the tiles. 

theless, tttey have been vexing and serious. 

the current state of knowledge, the main engines have been removed, 

modified and tested several times. 

NoneIn the effort to keep up with 

They have now been ,installed and are nearly ready for flight. 

critical test will come in February, when they are fired for 20 seconds on 

the pad. The test will serve as a full scale rehearsal for launch, and 

Their next 

272 
will be the first time that all Space 'ihuttle systems will be working 

together exactly as they will for fligit. 

not be Ignited for this test. 

The Solld Rocket Boosters wlll 

But before that will come tne .iat:lr of the orblter to the external tank 

and sol id rocket booster stack 1;: tqe VAB, fol lowed by weeks of systems 

tests to insure that everything is operational. Rollout to the VAS and 

mating is scheduled to take place early on Sunday. By Monday morning, the 

Space Shuttle should be undergoing the first of those many systems tests 

leading to rollout to the pad after Christmas. (Spaceport iiews, Vol. 19, 

No, 25, Nobember 21, 1980, p 1&4) 

o Looking ahead to the time when the Space Shuttle is routinely making 30 to 

43 flights a year from the Kennedy Space Center, officials have been studying the problem of how the Center should operate during that time and what 

changes will have to take place between now and then. 

case, is probably after the Shuttle has marked up 25 flights or so, reaching what dASA projects as operational maturity. 

about four or five years from now: 1984-85. 

"Then," in this 

That's expected to be 1 

As a result of the studies, Kennedy Space Center will consolidate its contractor structure into three major contracts. 

concurred in by NASA Headquarters, KSC Director, Dick Smith, pointed out in 

an interview with Spaceport News that implementation lies several years off 

and that many detailed study tasks still must be performed. 

all affected parties are being briefed on the broad decisions already 

reached and on specific activities currently underway. 

In announcins the decision 

He said that 

The broad but key decision to consolidate the contract structure was made 

to help achieve the operational goals of the STS program for reliable lowcost space transportation. Under the consolidation plan, the Shuttle element contracts will be combined into a single Shuttle Processing Contract 

(iPC\. All cargo services will be provided by a single Cargo Processing 

Contract (CPC). In addition to these major contracts, there will also be a 

single Base Support Contract (BSC) for institutional support. Several 

small contracts will be retained for some services traditionally provided 

by sina 1 1 busi ness set -as1 des and mi nori ty owned compani es. (Spaceport 

News, Vol. 19, No. 25, November 21, 1980, p 2) 

o NASA expects that it will have to replace 500 to 700, of the 31,000 

Reusable Surface Insulation (RSI) tiles on the Space Shuttle Orbiter 

Columbia after each of its space flights, according to Aaron Cohen, manager 

of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Project Office at Johnson Space Center. 

273 
He emphasized that this would not affect the turn-around time for the 

Orbiter, now estimated at about 5 weeks. (Defensd Daily, Vol. 113, No. 14, 

Friday, November 21, 1980, p 101) 

November 22: The scheduled move Sunday of the space shuttle Columbia trom 

its hangar at the Kennedy Space Center to the Vehicle Assembly Building has 

been set back by at least 12 hours, the space agency has announced. 

The move had been scheduled for 1 a.m. Sunday. 

"no earlier than Sunday afternoon," a spokesman for the National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration said. 

It has been delayed until 

NASA officials said they needed more time for final inspection of the 

shuttle and completion of paper work on the thermal tile process. 

Miami Herald, Saturday, November 22, 1980) 

(The 

workers who helped build the Shuttle. 

Astronauts John Young and Bob Crippen praised 

ungainly, delta-winged aerospace craft. 

the work done 

o The men who will ride the Columbia on its maiden flight next year visited 

Kennedy Space Center Friday to checkout the spacecraft and thank the 

on the 

They especially noted the workmanshiD of the ightweight si ica tiles 

pasted on the Shuttle's belly that will protect the craft from the 

scorching temperatures of re-entry into the atmosphere. 

"The underside of the vehicle is just as smooth as a baby's bij+tom," Young 

told newspaper and television reporters gathered for a press conference 

outside the large, closed bay dcors af Columbia's hangar. 

"This is bi,drrd new technoioqy and these workers have done a super job. 

think the tiles will stay on." 

I 

Installation and testing of the 31,000 tiles has been one of the biggest 

headaches for NASA officials and a major factor for launch delay and cost 

overruns. 

274 
The current launch target date is March 14, about three years behind the 

Shuttle's original schedule. (Today, Saturday, November 22, 1980) 

November 24: America must attract hundreds of thousands of women and 

minorities to science and technology in the 1980s to retain its global 

edge, warned speakers at a Ki ssimmee conference. 

Appropriately, the conference's star was 3 woman who will go where no 

American woman has ever gone before -- dstronaut Dr. Anna Fisher, who told 

the National Science Teachers Association: 

a woman because our ca der Lhoices are so wide...The doors are definitely 

opening to women." 

"This is an exciting time to be 

NSTA President-elect Sara Klein added, "We must i amove these sterotypes 

(that women aren't suited for science). And Anna has certainly proven that 

to us.'' 

A serious need for females and minorities in science has arisen partly 

because amazing new inventions have put a strain on the existing white 

male-dominated ranks of scien+ists, said Joseph Stevenot, who heads Procter 

i3 Gamble's research and dp.elopment division in Cincinnati. 

The squeeze is worsened by increascSb ,)ublic cil+hasis on pol lutlon control 

and work glace safety both of which require skilled scientiscs and 

technicians, he said. 

Stevenot cited a presidential commission's warning that more than a million 

scientists, engineers and conlputer experts will be needed by 1990 to 

l epl ace ret i ri ng and deceased engineers and coIli;)uter experts. 

Those gaping job holes, he said, simply can't be filled by white males. 

"I've had promising talks with minorities and female students," Stevenot 

said. 

few role models." 

"Often these young people set their sights too low. They have very 

The audience gave Fisher a standing ovation. Then a flock of pupils from 

Mait land Junior High surrounded the 31-year-old Seabrook, Texas, resident, 

Mho was selected as a space shuttle mission specialist in 1978. (Sentinel 

Star, Noverber 24, 1980) 

275 
.. . . . 

o The decade af the 1980s was supposed to he Id, among other things, the 

arriual of manufacturing fn space--a glamour industry capitalizing on the 

zero gravity of space to spawn a new gemration of materials and processes. 

Companies sti 1 i speak rFapsodica1 ly of the long-range Fotential of 

industrial use of spzce. 

because of repeated delays in the space shuttle program of the National 

Aeronautics 8 Space Adtninistration (NASli), 

Eut their short-term interest hits waned, partly 

The returnable sbuttle, regarded as indqstry's entree into space, 

originally was slazed to tindergci Its first manned test In early 1979. 

problems with its thtrmal protect!on system and main englne have ptit it tw!, 

years behind schedule. If al: goes wel! in the next flve weeks (final 

asembly of the first Shuttle Crbiter was to begin this week}, the 

oft-postpored mamed test rill occur on Mar. 1.3. 

mission is mu sclleduled for September 1982. 

Bc(t 

The first operations: 

The delays are one feasor, for a noticeable dropoff in the numb*:r of 

companies seeking to participate in NASA's "getaway sp&cial" prcr~ram, which 

permits users to lease space aboard future shuttle missions for experiments 

ana materials pracessing. Tbe once-steady f?w of applications has 

dwindled to a trickle, admits Chester M. Lee, NASA's director of space 

utilization and the shuttle's chief salesman. And several companies have 

canceled otitright their re5ervations aboard the shuttle, (In4ustry Week, 

hvmber 24, 1980) 

o NASA officials again deiayea the rollout of the Space Shuttle "Coluinbia" 

Sunday to do some more iast-minute work inside the hangar. 

The 300-yard journey irom the hangar to the vehicle Assembly Buildisg now 

is scheauled fsl- noon today, NASA officials said. 

"We're almost through," promised NASA's John Yardley, an Associate 

Admini stratcir for the Shuttle program (Today, Monday, November 24, 1380) 

kwlaber 25: The Loace shuttie Columbia, a $9 bi >n reluczant debutante, 

crept out of her nancjar Nond?y nigh: for the fit 5~ tiw in 20 mcnths. 

Two years 5ehind seh?dule and billions sf dollars cver budget, tbe orbiter 

inched ob., ill ics processi,ig buildins while hundreds f,f space workers 

cneered, wiiistled and clapped. 
"All I know is I feel pretty good," safd Dennis Janlsse, 30, of Tftusvllle, 

who had been cuttfng tile patterns for almost a year. 

thfng t9ere. When you're working up closc, it just looked like whlte walls 

to me." 

"I see a beautlful 

Huge f 1 oodl i ghts i 1 1 urn+ nated the black-and-white flanks of the orb1 ter as 

it taxied d%n the asphalt runway, towed by a small tractor. Even cynfcs 

in the press corps, whe hsve maligned the tardy space plane as stubby, 

pudgy and ungainly, pronounced the sight beautiful. 

Quite impressive," said Hartin Bell , Washington correspondent for the BBC, 

"not bad at all for a patch job." 

The trip from the hangar to the Vehicle Assembly Building, where the 

orblter will be stacked on its solid rocket boosters and external fuel 

tank, measwed 300 yards and 1asteO orly 34 minutes. But to NASA 

officials, plagued by cost overruns and painful setbacks, the distance 

seemed like light-years. (Sentfnel Star, Tuesday, November 25, 1980) 

o Hoiice ax! Senate conferees have agree on a $5.541 billion '" '81 

apprapriation for NASA, $23.5 mi;lion ?hve the amount requested by 

President Carter in his revised biidget in March. 

in Research d Development. 

All of the additions are 

The Senate had originally approved a $51 million increase; the House, a $20 

mi 1 lion reduction in Construction and Research L Program Managelent, while 

deferring action on R&D. 

Cotigress approved a 55,578.9 million FY '81 authorization for NASA, $70 

mi 11 ion above the President's revised request. 

The FY 'P1 MSA appropriation as passed by Conference Committee lmks like 

this: 

Fesearch & Development $4,;96,200,000 +$31.7 mi 11 ion 

Construction of Faci 1 1 ties 115,000,000 - 5.0 

Research 8 Program Management - 3.2 

Total : m 

(Defense bai?y, Vol. i13, No. 16, Tuesday, November 25, 1980, p 115) 

27 7 
Woverber 26: The space shuttle Columbia was raised to its launch-ready 

position Tuesday and a spaceport official said the chances we "fairly 

goad" for a flight in March. 

"Es5entially the vehicle is read, for launch right nowj" said Kenneth 

Kleinknecht, Manager of the Columbia for the Johnson Space Center in 

Houston. "But there is a tremendous amount of work yet to be done." 

The shuttle, 122-feet long, was moved from its hangar to the nearby Vehitle 

Assembly Building Monday night md raised to its vertical position noon 

Tuesday. 

Engineers then prepared to l~wer the rocket plane to its mobile launch 

platform and bolt it to two large solid propellant booster rockets and an 

external hydrogen-oxygen propel 1 ant tank. 

James Mizel?, a technical operaticns official at the nnnedy Space Center, 

said the whole assembly then will go through a detdiled series of tests to 

Mke sure all systems work together properly. (Sectinel Star, Wednesday, 

November 26, 1980) 

o The Soviet Union has agreed to pay Canada $3 million for the clean-up 

operations necessary after the crash of the Soviet Is nuclear-powered Cosmos 

1054 satellite on Jan. 24, 1978, in a remote area of northwest Canada. The 

cost of the clear.-up was estimated by Canada at inore than $14 million, but 

it wrote off the "norm1 search cos+.s" and submitted a $6.04 million bill 

to the Soviets in January 1978. Canada said the $3 million was "the best 

deal we could get." The Soviets were oblige6 to pay Canada for the 

clean-itp costs under the 1972 international convention of liability of 

damage caused by space objects. (Defense Dai;y, Vol. 113, No. 17, 

Wednesday, November 26, 1980, p 125) 

kveuiber 30: When Buck Rogers dnd Flash Gordon galary-hopped their way 

across the cosmos, they never worried ?bout such mundane stuff as budget 

cuts and presidential elections. 

For the National Aeronautics and Spdce Administration, however, the story 

is different. 

since the death of President Kennedy, and with a bbdget-cutting fever 

abroad in tke country, it would be difficult for any leader tc sell the 

The space agency has had no real advocate in the White House 

278 
American public on the need for a manned space station in lower earth orbit 

-- viewed by many space officials as a necessary first step for any large 

scale projects in space. 

Ronald Reagan, with his vows to cut as much as $50 billion from the federal 

budget, would appear to be an unlikely champion for the cause of space 

industrialization and exploration. 

But pro-space forces in the House and Senate view President-elect Reagan as 

a potential convert, based on his strong military stand and his close ties 

to big business. 

Under the Reagan administration, space may again achieve the kind of 

symbolism it held in the early 1960s, when the United States was waging 

unlimited war for supremzcy in the heavens. 

"The Carter administration had no ,- icy or purpose toward space," said 

Harrison Schinitt, the former Apollo astronaut who now serves as a 

Republican senator from New Mexico. Schmitt, a contender for the chairman 

of the Sanate Camnittee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, believes 

Reagan will pilot NASA out of the doldrums of the Richard Nixon, Gerald 

Ford ana Jinwiy Carter years. 

"I'm really heartened by some of the scientific people on Reagan's 

transition tear ," Schrnitt said. (Sentinel Star, Sunday, November 30, 1980) 

279 
December 1980 

Deceder 1: Privately financed low-cost rocket launch ve!iicle program under 

development by West Germany's Orbital Transport-und Raketen-Aktiengesellschaft (OTRAG) has set up a launch and test site in Libya where it has 

already conducted three launches this year and has a fourth rocket launch 

test scheduled before January, 1981. 

OTRAG officials in Munich told AVIATION WEEK IC SPACE TECHNOLOGY that the 

new launch facilities were set up seven months ago 3bout 60C mi. south of 

Tripoli in the Sahara Desert after Libya's leader Col. Muamar Gaddafi 

agreed to permit the privately run company to conduct rocket firings on 

Libyan territory for no charge. (Aviation Week & Space Tichnology, Vol. 

113, No. 22, p 18) 

o The mating of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia to its External Tank and 

Solid Qocket Boosters was behind schedule at Kennedy Space Center Wednesday, but officials were expecting to mmplete the job by the end of the 

day. The schedule calls for the mated Shuttle to undergo a month-long series of checks before being moved froin the Vertical Assembly Building on its 

tracked transporter to Launch Pad-39A some 3 1/2 miles away on Dec. 26. 

Launch remains scheduled for Marsh 14. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 18, 

Monday, December 1, 1980, p 133) 

o The TY '81 NASA appropriations bill apprcved by conferees includes a $5 

m; i;ion reduction in the agency's request for Space Flight Operations, made 

because of the slip in the Shuttle launch. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 

18, Monday, December 1, 1980, p 136) 

December 3: ::ilpOrtdnt tests of the spzce shuttle's in-flight and groundcontrol systems were delayed Tuesday, increasing the chances of missici the 

Sec. 26 taiget date for moving the orbiter to the launch pad. 

Dick Young, a spokesman for Kennedy Space Center, said "minor fit problems" 

had occurred during linkage of the space shuttle's propulsion and electrical support connections and testing could not begin until 1 a.n. Thursdaq. 

The testi, was origindlly scheduled to start Nov. 30. (SentSnel Star, Wednesday, December 3, 1980) 

280 
o The orbiter Columbia has been mated with other Space Shuttle elements on a 

Mobile Launcher Platform in the Vehicle Assembly Building and preparations 

are underway for its 

Interface Test. 

first inajor test as a unified system - the Shuttle 

The Columbia was moved the 300 yards from the Orbiter Processing Facility 

to the Vehicle Assembly Building on November 24 and mated with the external 

tank and solid rocket boosters assembled earlier on the mobile launcher 

pl at f orm. 

The Shuttle Interface Test will run for more than two weeks and is designed 

to check out the mechanical and electrical connections between the various 

elements and the functioning of onboard flight systems. 

This is the first flow of flight hardware through KSC's processing facillties. 

space - was used in a "pathfinder" flaw through the facilities in 1979 but 

it lacked many of the systems essential for space flight which are aboard 

ColmDiti. (EtASA News Release No. 206-80, December 3, 1980) 

The Space Shuttle Orbiter Enterprise - which will not be flown in 

December 4: The Solar '%ximum Mission (SMM) is adjudged successful based 

upon the results of the mission with respect tn the approved prelaunch 

ob jecti ves. 

The SMM was launcheC on February 14, 1980. 

SMM are performing a detailed study ot a specific set of solar phencmna: the is-mlsive, onergetic events known as solar flares, and the active 

regions which are the sites of flares, sunspots, and other manifestations 

of solar activity. One instrument alsc measures the Xal output of radiation from the Sun. 

The six science investigations 

The satellite is a three-axis inertially stabilized platforn providing 

precise pointing to any regior, on the solar disk. 

circular, inclined 28.5 degrees to the equator, with an altitude of 575 

kilometers. Mission support is provided by the Goddard Space Flight Center 

(GSFC) Space Tracking & Data Network, with the Operational Control Ceater 

located at GSFC. 

The spacecraft wbit is 

On August 14, 1980, the Solar Maximim Mission (SMM) completed 6 mcnths of 

orbital operations. Sotk primary and secondary NASA missiorl objectives for 

the SM have been met e 

28 1 
Since launched on February 14, the SMM has continuously gathered data from 

seven expeuincrrts on board which represents the most comprehensive information ever cnl I+t.tcd about solar flares. Furthermore, project scientists 

have gained I*! '.->le insight into the mechanisms which trigger a solar 

flare ar? -',.ilf:cant information about the total energy output from the 

Sun. 

The entire payload of instruments has gathered data collectively on nearly 

25 flares. Significantly, several of these full-payload acquisitions were 

coordinated with the world's most powerful radio and optical telescopes 

thrcugh the international Solar Maximum Year (SMY) Program. (Mission Operation Report - Office of Space Transportatton Operation - No. S-826-80-01, p 

1) 

o Sen. Alan Cranston (0-Calif.), the current Assistant Majority Leader in 

the Senate, says in the wake of the highly successful Voyager fly-by of 

Saturn that the U.S. should not allow its "continuing comitment as a 

nation to new space exploration.. . 1 apse. " 

Between completior: of the Voyager mission and the Project Galileo mission 

to Jupiter in the late 1980's, he said, "we should carefully conslder other 

exciting, valuable steps we may take in the cc.itinuing drama of unwrappi3g 

the iqysteries of the cosmos." He said, for example, that the U.S. "should 

consider'' a mission to fly-by Halley's Comet, perhaps using equipment from 

the Voyager mission, as well as a radar mission to Venus (VOIR). (Defense 

Daily, Vol. 113, No. 21, Thursday, December 4, 1980, p 156) 

o [The following are excerpts of remarks made recently by Rep. Don Fuqua 

(D-Fla.), chairman of the House Science & Technology Committee, following 

the Voyager 1 fly-by of Saturn.] 

"...Many times in the past we have 9ad occasion to marvel at the extraordinary achievements of our planetary exploration program -- achievements 

that are ur4ijioiched by any other nation. Yet, the spectacular discoveries 

sxh LS Voydger uncovered at Jupiter and Saturn represent only incremental 

contributions to unraveling secrets of the cosmos as well as Earth itself. 

"Fdtdre space missions; will continue this process and greatly enhEnce our 

knowledge of the solar systeiri. Such opportunities presently being considered are the Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar mission to map the surface of 

Venus; 3 mi ;sion to Hal ley or some other prorni cent comet ; and missions 

282 
using orbiters and probes to further study the outer planets." 

bable target: Saturn's moon Titan. 

"seems bound to become a prime target for future exploration with a 

renewed quest for inforfiation about the cfrcumstances that led to the origin of life."] 

[One pro- 

"This remarkable object ," Fuqua noted, 

"The contributions of these national space efforts to human knowledge and 

understanding clearly justify the relatively sinal 1 fractlor: of our resources [being spent on them]. We cannot let the momentum wane or the opportunities pass unchallenged. Long after most of our present difficulties 

and preoccupations are forgotten, the achievemeqts of Voyager will be 

remembered as a flowering of human genius in the 20th century." (Defense 

Daily, Vol. 113, No. 21, Thursday, December 4, 1980, p 156) 

Decenber 5: The Soviet Union recently launched another in its series of early warning satellites, 

launched from Ple,etsk on Nov. 28, and put into an orbit of 614/40,165 

kilometers, 62.8 degrees, 12 hours and 6 minutes. On Dec. 1, Cosmos 1224 

was :aunched into a medi um-resol uti on reconnai ssance/survei 1 lance photographic mi ssion with an orbit of 209/403 ki 1 ometers, 72.9 degrees, 90.3 

minutes. Launch was also from Plesetsk. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 22, 

Friday, December 5, 1980, p 163) 

Identified as Cosmos 1223, the satellite was 

o Rep. Edward P. Boland (D-Mass.), chairman of the House HUD-1A Appropriations subcommittee, has defended his insistence that the cost of NASA programs be closely monitored as a means of "controlling" them, saying that 

the action is justified by NASA's poor record on cost overruns. 

The monitoring agreed to by House,Cenate conferees wi 11 inbolve NAS/NAE 

review of "major program changes' by NASA. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees have stated that they do not intend to approve such changes unless the Academies concur with them. Critics say Boland is seeking a 

one-committee veto over NASA progrms. 

But Boland said that his subcomnittee is not "anti-space or anti-NASA. 

Nothing could be further from the truth," he said. 

myself have supported the mace program with enthusiasm for more than a 

quarter of a century." He added that this is demonstrated by the fact that 

NASA is only one of three assncies among the 23 in the HUD-IA bill that got 

an increase in FY '81, and that its increase ($23.5 milliort) is by far the 

largest. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 22, Friday, December 5, 1980, p !64) 

"The subcomnittee and 

283 
December 6: INTELSAT V -- The world'? largest comnercial communications 

satellite -- is scheduled for launch at 6:25 p.m. today. 

The satellite's original liftoff set for Thursday from Cape Canaveral Air 

Force Station was canceled because of faulty ground-support equipment. 

INTELSAT is the International Telecommunications Sate1 1 i te Organi tati on 

made up of 105 nations that own and operate the system. 

The launch problem arose during the loadlng of liquld oxygen aboard the 

Atlas-Centaur rocket, which will carry the 4,251-pound satellite to an 

orbit 22,300 miles above the Atlantic Ocean. 

Technicians continue to load rockets with liquid oxygen through the countdown process, said Dick Young, a spokesman for Kennedy Space Center. 

(Today, Saturday, December 6, 1980) 

Decerrber 7: Space shuttle workers at the 

tive masks Saturday to cope with an irr 

135 mi les of East F1 ori da coast 1 i ne. 

The mist is believed caused by red tide 

organism that is present in salt water. 

the water red and kills off fish. 

Kennedy Space Center donned protectating mist that has affected about 

a runaway growth of a rnicroThe red tide "bloom" often colors 

beverly Roberts, spqkesman for the Florida Marine Research Laboratory at 

St. Petersburg, said samples taken off the East Coast Friday showed red 

tide prescnt in Brevard County from Cape Canaveral northward. (The Miami 

Herald, Sunday, Dec. 7, 1980) 

o Still 14 weeks short of the first space shuttle launch, NASA is already 

planning its retirement from the shuttle program. 

By the 1980s, when the s'itittle has flown hcndreds df in.isiocls, NASA hopes 

to turn the program over to private business. 
The "commercialization" of the shuttle will begin in 1984-85, when Kennedy 

Space Center consolidates nearly a1 1 shutt le-related services under two 

main contractors. Tine shuttle cur:ently involves about nine major contractors and hundreds of subcontractors. 

NASA officials view thz consolidation as the first step toward a shuttle 

system that may eventually be owned and operated by one or more private 

aerospace companies. 

Consolidation plans are also under way at Johnson Space Center in Houston, 

and Goddard Space Flight Center in Washington, D.C. (Sentinel Star, Sunday, 

December 7, 1980) 

o Paying his last official visit to Kennedy Space Center, retiring NASA 

Administrator Robert Frosch recited a long list of problem that have 

dogged the space agency during the past three years. 

The main thing NASA lacks, Frosch said, is a strong new goal. 

"I did not succeed in convincing my administration," said Frosch, admitting 

his own failure to steer the agency out of its post-Apollo doldrums. 

"We didn't succeed in flnding some kind of single, 'Let's go to the moon' 

kind of goal. That may never come back Into the space business again." 

(Sentinel Star, Sunday, December 7, 1980) 

December 8: The Senate last week joined the House in approving the FY '81 

HUD-Independent Agencies appropriations bill, which includes $5.541 billion 

for NASA, and sent the bill to the White House. The bill, which includes 

$1.873 billion for the Space Shuttle, is $23.5 million above the amount 

requested by the President. It also includes a new provision requiring 

that panels of the National Academies of Science and Engineering review 

"major program changes" by NASA, i .e., significant reprograming requests 

or program delays, and ?o concur with those changes before the House and 

Senate Appropriations Committees okay them. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 

23, Plonday, December 8, 1980, p 167) 

285 
Deceaber 9: A spacecraft motor was fired successfully early Monday to place 

the new 1:itelsat V coinmunications satellite in a stationary orbit 22,300 

miles over the equator. 

The motor firing positioned the satellite off the coast of Africa. Space 

agency officials said it will be allowed to drift until it reaches its 

final outpost off the coast of Italy sometime in January. 

The Intelsat V - first of a new, more powerful generation of communications satellites - is capable of handling 12,000 telephone calls and two 

television channels simultaneously. 

The satellite was launched Saturday after a two-day delay caused by a problem with the ground equipment. (Sentinel Star, Tuesday, December 9, 1980) 

o Sen. Howard Cannon (D-Nev.), Chairman of the Senate Commerce Comnittee, 

which authorizes fmds for NASA, says that the agency is not bound to 

follow the language in the FY '81 HUD-IA appropriations bi 11 which requires 

NAS/NAE 2pproval of major program changes made in the space program. 

Moreover, Cannon told the Senate prior to the passage of the HUD-IA bill 

that I:.L funding limits placed on nine NASA projects in the legislation is 

also a violation of Senate rules. 

[The appropriations committees dispute Cannon's position. One immediate 

response is to caution NASA that it will be proceeding at its own risk if 

it ignores or seeks to ci rcumvent the monitoring requi rement and funding 

controls included in the language of the HUD-IA appropriations bill conference report, which has now passed both houses. It was pointed out that if 

Cannon objected to the provisions, he could have sought to have them deleted, although this would have precluded passage of the bill, given their 

support in the House. Senate supporters of the provisions also cite support in the science community for the closer monitoring of the agency's 

activities.] (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 24, Tuesday, December 9, 1980, 

p 175-176) 

o The $5.541 bi 11 ion Fy '81 NASA appropriations bi 11 passed by Congress 

restores the $14 million cut in consultant's fees made by the Senate. 

Included in the bill is the Senate provisiorl -educing amounts available for 

advertising or public relations by the agency by 10 percent. (Defense 

Daily, Vol. 113, 80. 24, Tuesday, December 9, 1980, p 176) 

.. 286 . -. . ,: 
o The first of nine new Intelsat Y international communications satellites 

was successfully launched from Kennedy Space Center at 6:31 PM EST Dec. 6 

by a General Dynamics Atlas-Centaur vehicle and successfully boosted into 

geosynchronous orbit yesterday morning by a firing of its apogee boost 

mot or . 

With a capacity of l2,OOO voice circuits and two television channels, the 

4250-pound spacecraft, bui 1 t by Ford Aerospace and Comini cati ons Corp. 

(Pal o A1 to, Cali f. ) , wi 11 provi de communications between North Ameri ca and 

Europe. The spacecraft, which will deploy its antenna and solar arrays 

today, is expected to be put in operation In May following the launch of 

the second Intelsat V in March. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, ND. 24, Tuesday, 

December 9, 1980, p 181) 

Oeceder 10: % Space Shuttle main propulsion system was successfully 

static fired for 9 minutes, 51 seconds on Dec. 4. The test exceeded the 

firing time required to place an Orbiter in orbit. 

This was the eleventh test of the system and the firing brought the total 

test time on the main Shuttle propulsion system to 53 mQnutes, 17 seconds. 

This is in addition to the more than 24 hours of single engine tests that 

have been conducted in a separate program. 

The main propulsion system consists of three liquid fueled engines, an external propellant tank and associated systems. The test article also 

includes a simulated Orbiter aft section. 

The test was conducted for Marshall by Rockwell International Space Operations employees at the National Space Technology Laboratories. 

"OUF major test objectives included performance evaluation of the engines' 

thrust vector control system, the liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen pressurizatfon system dnd the low-level cutoff system, and following initial 

evaluation preliminary results looked very good," said Jim Sisson, manager 

of the Shuttle's Engineering and Major Test Management Office at Marshall. 

"As part of the test, we shut down one of the engines 442 seconds into the 

run to simulate an inflight shutdown of an engine," he added. The maximum 

power level of the test was 102 percent of rated power. 

Vol. 21, No. 14, December 10, 1980, p 1) 

(Marshall Star, 

207 
o The fourth and final cycle of preliminary certification tests of the Space 

Snuttle Main Engine first flight configuration was completed Dec. 2. 

The cycle was concluded with a 10-second static firing of engine number 

0009. This final series included 13 firings of the engine for a to5al of 

5,040 seconds. Most of the tests were run at 520 seconds (the burn time 

required for a typical Swttle mission), at 102 percent of the engine's 

rated power level. 

percent to demonstrate design margin; and in two others it was fired for 

665 and 823 seconds to siinulate the longer firing times that would be 

required for aborted missions. 

However, during one test the engine was operated at 104 

The Space Shuttle Main Engine Preliminary Flight Certification program 

requfred completion of four sets of test cycles (each cycle consisting of 

13 tests and over 5.000 seconds of operation) using tvJo different engine 

assemblies. All four of the test cycles were essentidlly identical except 

the fourth which raised the power level verification from 103 to 102 percent of rated power. 

Tests of the Shuttle's main engine are being conducted in test stands 

once-used for Saturn engines at th? National Space Technology Laboratories. 

Rockwell International's Rocketdyne Division, Carloga Park, Calif., developer of the engine, is responsible for conductiny the tests for Marshall's 

Space Shuttle Projects Office. 

A cluster of three mai- engines, and two Solid Rocket Boosters, will provide the thrust for the Shutt?e's flight to orbit. 

21, No. 14, December 10, 1980, p 2) 

(Marshall Star, Vol. 

o In a message to Y5FC Director Dr. William R. Lucas and 

Dr. Alan M. \.welace, NASA Deputy Administrator, compl 

with Space Shuttle Main Engine test programs. 

other key 

mented a1 

offic 

invo 

a1 s, 

ved 

His message rxd: 

"This has been an outstanding week for the Shuttle Main Engine and the 

Orbiter Propulsion System. 

who successfully completed the engine certification test program on Dec. 2, 

and successfully conducted the main propulsion test SFll-02 on Dec. 4. 

These tests made a major contribution to our programs Loward FMOF." 

(Marshall Star, Vol. 21, No, 14, December 10, 1980, p 2) 

Please extend my congratulations to the teams 

288 
Decenber 11; Mr. Page gave a hardware status report and stated that the SIT 

startzd Thursday. Our review of the paper work on the tiles has been completed and it is hoped that all the work necessary to scpport a December 26 

roll out can be accompl f shed. 

There was a general discussion on the manpower survey call issued by the 

Comptroller for the operation time frame and it was agreed that the timing 

was bad. 

Mr. Malaga stated that Mr. Gunn had agreed to a slip of at least 45 days 

for its completion. Mr. Smith ssked that Mr. Malaga work with the KSC managers to arrive at a reasonable completion date. 

There was a discussion regardirq visitors to the operational areas and 

their presence versus operational space restraints on workers. Mr. Smith 

stated that a balance would have to be worked which would allow reasonable 

viewing of the hardware but no interference with ongoing operations. 

asked Mr. Parker to give him a rundown from the safety standpoint. 

Director'; Staff Meeting Notes #42-80, December 8) 

(Ce, .er 

o An X-ray astronomy satellite which had been out of commission since an unexplained failure in August has inexplicably resumed operation, scientists 

announced Wednesday. 

The resumpti on mans the NASA sate1 1 i te, known as the Eirlstein Observatory, 

should provide another four to six months of data on X-rays from space, 

said Or. Harvey Tananbaum of Rarvard-Smi thsoni an Center for Astrophysics. 

Launched in November, 1978, the satellite has already outlived its design 

life of one year. 

a careful hoarding of its gas propellant. 

But scientists ha! hoped to extend it to three j-7ars by 

Its futu e was thrown in jeopardy when two of its four gyroscopes would not 

restart after they wero shut down by an on-board conputer error Aug. 27, 

Tananbaum said. 

lite's X-ray telescope. 

At least three gyroscopes are needed to point the satel- 

(Today, Thursday, December 11, 1980) 

o The three Soviet cosmonauts launched Nov. 27 aboard a new model Soyuz T-3 

Spacecraft, were returned to the Soviet Union yesterday after a 13-day mission to repair and prolong the service llfe of the Salyut 6 space station. 

289 
The three cosmonauts, Leonid Kitim, Oleg PIakarov, and Gennady Strekalov, 

the first three-man Soyut flight since 1971, departed Salyut 6 at 2:s PU 

Baikonur launch complex time, completing a landing 130 kilometers east of 

the town of Jezkazgan. 

Moscow say; all the planned repair work for prolonging the Salyut 6 station's service life was completed by the cosmnauts, assuring "the further 

active functioning of the station in orbit." The station, with a design 

life of 18 months, has been operating in orbit for three years. 

"Serious repair work on the programing and timing device (of the station) 

has been accomplished," the Soviets report. Other work included the incorporation of a new hydraulic unit into the circuit of the temperatarc control system, the replacement of an electronic unit in the station's telemetry system, and a new transducer for the conpressor power supply was 

installed in the refueling system of the station's propulsion plant. 

Among those assisting the T-3 cosmonauts from the ground were cosmonauts 

Lemid Popov and Valeriy Ryumin, who completed a 185-day mission aboard the 

station on Oct. 11, and are now resting from that mission. 

The Soviets state that the T-3 repair mission has "opened up new prospects" 

for the future use of the Salyut program. 

26, Thursday, December 11, 1980, p 190) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 

o The chances for the U.S. to participate as a partner on the European Space 

Agency's planned Giotto mission to fly by Halley's Comet in 1986 by providing a Delta launch vehicle are now considered very low. ESA will probably 

stick with the French Ariane launch vehicle. 

However, ESA is slill very much interested in having NASA provide tracking 

for the mission via its Deep Space Network and in providing some experfments as co-investigators with European scientists. Continued talks on 

Giotto cooperation are tentatively planned later this week between the two 

agencies. 

Meanwhile, there has been some congressional support for the U.S. to conduct its own Halley mission, but it would take a major decision by the 

Reagan Administration to provide funding, estimated at $300 million to $750 

million, for such a mission. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 26, Thursday, 

December 11, 1980, p 194) 

ORiGlNAL PAGE is 

OF PCOR Q'JkLllY 

290 c-'f 
Dccder 15: Sen. Jack Schmitt (R-NaM.), who met for the flrst tlme with 

President-elect Reagan Friday, said that he found Reagan to have a wide 

ranging interest in science and technoloqy policy Issues, particularly as 

they relate to space and strategic deferrse activities, 

The senator, who will be chairman of the Senats Space Subccuanittee and who 

is one of the few scientists in Congress, said he found Reagan to be 

strongly colnaltted to utilizing science and technology to reduce the rlsk 

of nuclear war. 

Uhile seeking to eliminate waste in all Federal program$, Schmltt said, 

Reagan supports an expanded science and technology base in government, in 

particular, to find a way through technology to move humanlty awqy from the 

brink of wara 

Schmitt said that Reagan Yexpressed hope that we eventually cwld concentrate 011 perfecting ways to defend against attack rather than continue to 

hold tens cy millions of people hostage to the threat of nuclear annlhl1 at i on. " 

Not discussed during the meting: candidates for the post of NASA administrator. (Defense Daily, Vol. 115, No. 28, Monday, kcember 15, 1980, p 

208) 

o The name of Frank Borman, fomr Apollo Astronaut and now President cf 

Eastern Alrlines, is among those being mentioned as candidates for the 

position of NASA administrator in the Reagan Administration. There is 

nothing official from tte Reagan camp. 

Others mentioned are the NASA transition team leader, George M. Low, long 

time Deputy Admintstrator of NASA who is now President of Rensselaer 

Polytechnic Institute, who Has listed as a possible candidate in previous 

changes at the top of NASA. The same is the case for two others, ROCCQ A. 

Petrone and Same1 2. Phillips, forum heads of the Apollo program. 

Phillips, a fomr Air Force general who headed WISO, is now a Vice President of TRU. Petrone is head of the National Center for Resource Recovery. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, NO. 28, Monday, December 15, 1980, p 208) 

Deceder 16: The sometimes CdntdnkerOUS Space Shuttle main 

so well that the space agency Is proving it can operate w 

damaged parts. 

engine !s 

th slight 

doing 

Y 

ORlCflVAL PAGS ;S 

Of POOR QUALJTY 29 1 
It also has passed its fourth and final certification test for the first 

Shuttle misslon. Overall engine test time 1s approaching 100,000 seconds, 

or almost 28 hours. 

Certification tests started In mid-1979 were completed with (I 10-second 

firlng Dec. 2. Each of four test cycles totaled more than 80 minutes. 

This will lead to preliminary flight certification for the engine's first 

Shuttle launches. (Today, Tuesday, December 16, 1980) 

o Kennedy Space Center's launch creu has successfully completed the first 

portion of tests necessary before the Space Shuttle can leave the Vehicle 

Assembly Building for its launch F-d, a NASA official said Monday. 

"The testing went very we1 1 ," said Don Phillips, KSC's Integrated Operations Division Chief, "and we're essentially on schedule. 

"Our launch team has gotten a lot of training, and it has made them a more 

cohesi ve unl t " 

Phillips said a major deficiency that surfaced during testing was a problem 

with two valves. 

the hydraullc system on one of the Shuttle's two assist rockets, 

valves are being replaced, he said. 

The valves control the speed of the turbines that drive 

The 

"Our current asseiscrent is that we'll roll out (to launch pad 39A) on Monday rriirning, Dec. 29". he said. 

The tests conducted during the past three weeks were designed to check out 

the electrical and mechanical connections between the Shuttle's three major 

elements - the Orbiter Columbia, its fuel tank and its two assist rockets. 

The three e!ietnents were connected for the first time after the Columbia was 

taken from its hangar to the VAB Nov. 24. 

make sure that workers hooked up everything correctly. 

Testing imediately began to 

Now that engineers know the subsystems will work, the launch crew and the 

Shilttle's astronauts wi 11 begin running simulated missions beginning 

today. (Today, Tuesday, December 16, 1980) 

292 OHlGINki PAGE iS 

Of POOR QUALiTY 
o The more than $100 million Increase in the cost of developing the Inertial 

Upper Stage for NASA's planetary missions is forcing NASA to consider 

dropping the IUS for its Galileo Jupiter Orbiter/Probe mission In 1984 and 

International Solar Probe Misslon in 1985 and substituting the Centaur. 

If NASA has to switch from IUS "to something else," then the Galileo and 

ISPM missions will probably have to be postponed, NASA Administrator Robert 

Frosch has acknowledged. (Defense Dai;], Vol. 113, No. 29, Tuesday, 

December 16, 1980, p 217) 

Dcctmtww 17: Two instruments that may make it easier for scientists to 

locate oil and minerals below the Earth's surface are being readied for 

flight on the Space Shuttle at Kennedy Space Center. 

The largest Earth resources antenna ever to go into space was one of the 

experiments incilided in a Shuttle pallet of instruments that NASA sclentists were snowing off Tuesday. 

The pallet, or rack, of instruments will be carried into orbit on the 

second flight of 4nerica's reusable Space Shuttle, now set for August 

1981. 

payload bay in the superclean environment of KSC's Operations and Checkout 

Bui 1 ding. 

The instruments are being checked out on a model of the Shuttle's 

According to Gerald Kenney , Johnson Space Center's Project Manager for the 

payload, the 30-foot-long radar antenna will be able to read the Earth's 

surface and pinpoint significant geologlcal features and faults. 

"The hope is eventually to develop the technology to the point that it 

could help in locating minerals," Kenney said. 

The antenna wi 11 direct a beam of radar from space to the ground at such an 

angle that vertical objects will create a shadow, providing a twodimensional image. 

"It gives you a higher reflection angle, and you're able to pick up topographical features. If you look straight down, everything looks flat," 

Kenney said. 

A similar radar antenna hasn't been carried into space before because of 

its size and power requirements, Kenney said. 

293 
The instrument pallet only takes up about one-fourth of the Columbia's massive cargo bay nnd the antenna extends a little more than one third of Its 

length. 

Another experiment included on the misslo? could be useful in identifying 

mineral resources, Kenney said. NASA calls It an multlspectrsl infrared 

radiometer. The device will help to classify rock types wlth two cameras, 

Kenney said. (Today, Wednesday, December 17 , 1980) 

o A University of Iowa physicist told a scientific meeting Voyager 1 detected 

high concentrations of electrically charged gas from Satuiv's largest 

moon, Titan, which may extend all the wqy around the planet. 

Donald Gurnett joined other scientists at a San Francisco meeting of the 

Anerican Geophysical Union in making a major presentation of Information 

gleaned from Voyager 1's November "fly-by" of Saturn. 

Gurnett sald the Voyager's plasma wave instrument detected unusually high 

levels of dilute, electrically charged gas, called plasma, as it passed 

through the orbit of Titan. 

At sow points, he said the plasma concentrations "downwind" of Titan were 

as much as 100 times as great as those in the magnetosphere surrounding 

Saturn. He thewized the extra plasma must be caning from Titan. 

Gurnett said the sphere of plasma that makes up Saturn's magnetosphere 

rotates at the same speed as the planet and at a rate much faster than that 

of Titan. 

"We are interpreting the high plasma levels as part of the atmosphere of 

Titan being blown away by this high speed plasma as it hits Titan," he told 

the scientists. 

Gurnett sai,.i some scientists believe the plume coming from Titan may extend 

all the way around the planet. 

Voyager also detected strong turbulence as it passed through Titan's path. 

The data suggests the moon behaves something like ii stationary smokestack 

by creating ripples in the wind that races past it. he said. (The Hiami 

Herald, Wednesday, Dec. 17, 1980) 

294 
i 

o After several delays, astronaats John Young and Robert Crlppen flew the 

Space Shuttle into simulated orbit Tuesday cvenlng within KenneQy Space 

Center's Vehicle Assembly Building. 

"It looks like we have had a successful flight,* said George Page, KSC's 

Director of Shuttle Operations. "Ne will be retrieving and studying the 

data for sane time yet." 

The first of a number of simulations WAS to begin early Tuesday morning, 

but two separate problems delayed blastoffs a KSC spokesman saia. 

The first problem involved a hydraulic system that enables the nozzles on 

the Shuttle's two assist rockets to change directions. 

The second problem involved a fuel valve an one of the Shuttle's three main 

engines. 

1 i f I -ef f. 

The valve failed to open as rapidly as specified just before 

although a back-up valve opened, the system was shut down because the computer will not allow the Sbuttle to blast off usfng a back-up system. 

Ouring the sfmulation, the Shuttle's engines and assist rockets responded 

to comands from the Spaceship Columbia's computers. 

Abwt 46 minutes after lift-off, the two orbltal engines got a computer 

signal to boost the Co'rumbia into a qythlcal orblt. 

Three simulated runs originally planned to be performed In the VAB have 

been eliminated, a NASA spokesman szid. The runs were not macldatory for 

the first mission, and were eliminated in an effort to stay on schedule. 

NASA now plans to tmve the Columbia from the VAB to the pad Dec. 29. 

(Today, Wednesaay, December 17 , 1980) 

o The first of seven scheduled flight simulations for the Space Shuttle 

CoIuA\bia in the Vehicle Assembly buiiding at KSC was postponed twice 

yesterday because of ground support qui pent and eng! need ng problems, 

probably forcing delay of the rollout to the launch pad to around the flrst 

of the year. 

595 
Prior to the postponement, NASA has announced that the rollout had been 

pushed back from Dec. 26 to Dec. 29. The agency has bgen about two days 

behind schedule since reaching the VAB, 

The initlal problem occurred in the ground hydraulic system that maneuvers 

the Solid Rocket Booster nozzles durlng ground test. The system was not 

responding quickly enough and computers automatically shut down the test. 

The second problem, which took longer to fix than expected and caused the 

second postponement, involved an indication that a fuel valve in one of the 

Space Shuttle Main Engines failed to open as rapidly as required. 

The pilots for the first Shuttle Flight, Cmdr. John Young and Robert 

Crippen, were in the cockpit of Columbia for the simulated Shuttle launch 

and ascent into orbit when the postponement was called. 

Six more tests of ascent, descent and abort procedures are scheduled to be 

conducted prior to rollout of the Shuttle from the VAB to Launch Complex 

39A. Launch of the Shuttle is aimed at March 14, but a slip of a few weeks 

is a better be?. 

which has Seen scheduled for Feb. 7. 

Wednesday, December 17, 1980, p 227-228) 

A key event will be the on-pad Flight Readiness Firing, 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 30, 

Oeceder 18: Fifty-two seconds into a simulated flight Wednesday, an auxiliary power unit aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia malfunctioned, forcing 

the spaceship to abort its mission and glide to a landing back at the 

Kennedy Space Center. 

The malfunction, too, was simulated. 

It was part Gf a series of dress rehearsals getting the shuttle ready far 

its first launch 2arly next year. 

Space officials said the rehearsal, with backup astronauts Joe Eng:e and 

Dick Truly at the controls, appeared to have gone well. 

The make-believe launch took place at 9:30 a.m. and the "failure" occurred 

52 seconds later. 

trol the shuttle's engines and wing flaps. 

The trouble was in me of the power units that help con296 
Because the shuttle's two powerful solid-fueled boosters, which cannot be 

stopped once started, were firing at the time of the fake failure, the 

astronauts had to wait until 3:21 into the flight before taking any action 

to return to base. 

They then dropped the boosters and the liquid-fueled main tank and made a 

diving 180-degree turn back toward the Cape, gliding to a landing on a 

15,000-f oot runway. 

The lead team of Cmdr. John Young and pilot Robert Crippen was at the 

controls of the Columbia during the first 46-minute, make-believe liftoff 

Tuesday. (The Mi ami Herald, Thursday, Decembzr 18, 1980) 

o The U.S. Government's budget for space activities will exceed $10 billion 

for the first time in fiscal 1981, with NASA accounting for 50 percent of 

the total, and the Defense Department 49 percent. 

Since the inception of the space program two decides ago, the Federal 

budget authority for space has been as follows: 

FY 

1959 

1960 

1961 

1962 

1963 

1964 

1965 

1966 

1967 

1968 

1969 

1970 

1971 

1972 

1973 

1974 

1975 

1976 

T. Q. 

1977 

1978 

1979 

1980 E 

1981 E 

(in millions of dollars) 

NASA DOD 

260.9 489.5 

461.5 560.9 

926.0 813.9 

1,796.8 1,298.2 

3,626.0 1,549.9 

5,016.3 1,599.3 

5,137.6 1,573.9 

5,064.5 1,688.8 

4,830.2 1,663.6 

4,430.0 1,921.8 

3,822.0 2,013.0 

3,547.0 1,678.4 

3,101.3 1,512.3 

3,071.0 1,407.0 

3,093.2 1,623.0 

2,758.5 1,766.0 

2,915.3 1,892.4 

3,225.4 1,983.3 

849.2 460.4 

3,440.2 2,411.9 

3,622.9 2,728.8 

4,030.4 3,211.3 

4,696.6 4,003.4 

4,989.1 4,910.7 

297 

Total* 

784.7 

1,065.8 

1,808.2 

3,294.8 

5,434.5 

6,831.4 

6,955.5 

6,969.8 

6,709.5 

6,528.9 

5,975.8 

5,340.5 

4,740.9 

4,574.7 

4,824.9 

4,640.3 

4,914.3 

5,319.9 

1,340.5 

6,508.7 

7,419.2 

8,872.1 

10,073.7 

5,982. a 
* In addition to NASA and DOD, includes space funding by five other 

agencies -- Energy, Commerce, Interior, Agriculture and NSF. Largest 

expenditures have been by Comnerce, which averaged $94 mi 11 Ion annually 

slnce FY '79, and Energy, which averaged $55 million. 

Vol. 113, No. 31, Thursday, December 18, 1980, p 232) 

(Defense Daily, 

o President Carter on Dec. 15 signed the FY '81 appropriation for the 

Department of Housing and Urban Development and certal n Independent 

Agencies , which i nc? udes the $5,541 200,000 appropri at i on for NASA. 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 31 Thursday, December 18, 1980, p 234) 

o Indonesia on Dec. 9 signed an agreement with NASA for the launch of two 

Indonesian communications satellites on the Space Shuttle or, at 

Indoinesia's option, by McOonnell Douglas Delta expendable vehicles. Under 

the agreement, the Palapa B-1 satcm will be launched by the Space Shuttle 

in January 1984 or by a Delta in Janilary 1983, and the Palapa 8-2 will be 

launched by the Shuttle in March 1984 or by a Delta backup in danuary 

1984. Two earlier versions of the Palapa were launched by NASA in 1976 and 

1977 aboard Thor-Delta vehicles. The new launches will utilize the 

Spinning Solid Upper Stage-Delta class (SSUS-0). (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, 

No. 31, Thursday, December 18, 1980, p 234) 

o NASA Tuesday successfully completed the first launch and ascent simulation 

of the Space Shuttle Columbia at KSC and followed that yesterday with a 

successful mi ssi on abort si mu1 ati on. 

The prime crew for the first Shuttle launch, Bob Crippen and John Young, 

were at the controls for the first simulation, with the backup crew of Joe 

Engle and Richard Truly manning the second test. 

At the same time, NASA officials said they had decided to conduct a total 

of only four Shtittle mission simulations instead of seven as planned. 

Eliminated were an abort mission following one orbit and three simulations 

involving backup systems. An agency sGdkesman said that this decision was 

made last week and not directly related to the current delay in the rollout 

schedule, 

The agency is continuing to shoot for a rollout of the Shuttle from the 

Vehicle Assembly Building to the pad Dec. 29, three days behind the 

schedule planned last month. 

298 ORIGINAL ?AGE is 

OF POOR QUALfTY 
The first simulated mission got underway at 5 PM Tuesday after two 

postponements and was completed 46 minutes later when the Orbiter Columblar 

was placed in a simulated orbit. 

In yesterday's test, failure of an auxiliary power unit a few minutes after 

launch was simulated, with the astronauts simulating a 180-degree turn 

downrange and gliding back to an emergency landing near the launch site at 

KSC. (Uefense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 31, Thursday, Decembtr 18, 1980, p 236) 

December 19: Kennedy Space Center scored another flawless launch record in 

1980 with six successful sate; 1 i te 1 i ftof fs as the spaceport's 33-month 

string of consecutive launch sticcesses grew to 31. 

It was also a year of major advances towards the Space Shuttle's first 

orbital fl i ght , targeted for March, and a spectacular planetary encounter 

with Saturn as Voyager 1 continued its long journey three years after 

1 aunch from Cape Canaveral . 

A successful liftoff of the INTELSAT V (International Telecomunications 

Satellite) communications satellite atop an Atlas Centaur rocket on Dec. 6 

finished the year for KSC's Deployable Payloads Directorate, which lofted 

three other communications spacecraft, a weather satellite and a solar 

research satellite into orbit during 1980. (Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 

27, December 19, 1980, p 1) 

o A prototype of Spacelab, the versatile scientific laboratory that will be 

carried aboard NASA's Space Shuttle beginning in 1983, has arrived at KSC. 

The first major components of the Spacelab engineering model were delivered 

to the Space Center Dec. 5 by an Air Force C-5 Galaxy, the world's largest 

aircraft. 

The delivery came one week after NASA's formal acceptance of the 

engi neeri ng model from the European Space Agency (ESA) , Spacel ab's 

developer. The transfer took place during a major ceremony at the VFW-ERN0 

plant in Bremen, West Ge-ilny. ERN0 is ESA's prime contractor for 

Spacel ab. 

299 
Remaining components of the Space1 ab engineering model and support 

equipment were delivered last week. 

of the Operations and Checkout Building. 

It is being assembled in the High Bay 

The deliveries are a major milestone in the Spacelab program, marking the 

first arrival of major Spacelab hardware to Amertcan shores since ESA's 

development program, costing nearly $1 bi 11 1 on, began 1 n 1973. 

Under the program, €SA wlll later furnlsh a flight version of Spacelab, 

associated mechanical ground support equipment, and some computer 

software. The flight unit is scheduled for delivery this summer, according 

to John T$omas, NASA's Spacelab Program Manager, at the Marshall Space 

Flight Center. 

The engineering model, while not intended for spaceflight, will be used as 

a "pathfinder" to verify equipment and procedures that will be used at KSC 

to process the flight unit, and for launch crew training, sdid Thomas. The 

engineering model was also used in Europe to assist ESA in the design and 

development program, and to verify the system's design. 

Men and women of many nations who need to go into space to conduct 

important scientific and technical experiments will be provided that 

opportunity through Spacelab. 

furnished laboratory adapted for the weightless environment of space and 

pressurized for working withuut spacesuits. 

Spacelab supplies experimenters with a fully 

Space; ab devel opment i s f i nanced by 10 European nat i ons under agreements 

concluded with ESA. 

It will be carried in the cargo bay of the orbiter. 

There wi 11 be two operational Spacelabs. The first one, including the 

necessary research and development work, was funded by ESA. 

pvrchasi ng the second one. 

NASA is 

A highly versatile assembly, each Spacelab can be launched with the 

pressurized core and experiment segments and one or more unpressurized 

pal lets. 

Spacelab will be the principal scientific payload of the Spdce Shuttle 

throughout the 1980s. One mission--which can last for seven to thirty 

days-may be devotec enti rely to astronomy, with telescopes and other 

instruments performing a variety of functions. 

300 
Another mission may be dedicated to life science, or biological, 

experiments. Spacelab can be equipped with oxygen, food, water and 

handling facilities to support several types of living creatures. 

Spacelab is expected to make significant contributions to science, 

medicine, industrial processing and many other valuable fields. 

In perspective, however, the most important result of this international 

space laboratory may well be the great step forward that it represents 

toward global cooperation in space. 

It is an outstanding example of how peoples of many lands can unite their 

talents and resources in future space projects to benefit humanity. 

(Spaceport News, Vol. i9, No. 27, December 19, 1980, p 6 & 7) 

o Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen, prime crew for the first Space 

Shuttle flight, presented 93 Silver Snoopy Awards to KSC contractor and 

civil service employees at a Dec. 10 ceremony held in the Training 

Auditorium. 

The Silver Snoopy, an unofficial emblem of the Astronauts since early in 

the Apollo Koon exploration program, is awarded annually to NASA workers in 

recognition of thei r outstanding efforts on a manned spacef 1 i ght program. 

Center Director Richard Smith opened the program by welcoming the 

recipients and their families and congratulating them "for jobs well 

deserving of the recognition.' 

STS-1 Commander Young then stepped up to the brightly lit podium and 

expressed his feelings about the prestigious award and the Shuttle program. 

"You know, the Space Shuttle is a 2iant leap forward in space technology, 

just like going to the Moon was a giant leap forward." Young told the 

audience, "It's hard for people to realize when they are standing in the 

middle of history, and making history, that that is what they are doing." 

"This is a tough job," he continued. 

routine access into space was going to be as tough as going to the Moon. 

Now we are starting to move toward that goal. 

contributions which you've made. And you can be proud of the Sllver 

Snoopy. 'I 

"Back in 1972 I told folks that 

You can all be proud of the 

301 
Young ended his speech on a more humorous note. 

of it, and everything I've said is wrong, and it's not a hlstorlcal fact 

that you are all making history right now, save that Silver Snoopy because 

it's made out of sterling silver, and one of these days...." 

"If nothlng else coines out 

Crippen, the pilot on Columbia's initial voyage, said the old adage "they 

just don't make 'em like they used to" just isn't true about the Columbia 

and its associated external tank and solid rocket boosters. 

"We make them better," said Crippen. 

each and every one of you can be very proud of your contribution." 

"That is a fantastic vehicle, and 

Snoopy Awards, which include a lapel pin of the cartoon dog "Snoopy," a 

personal letter of thanks from Astronaut Young to the individual award winner and an Aerospace Awareness Certi Ticate from the Center Director, were 

presented to employees of NASA ani the fol lowing compsnies: 

vices IntL-national ; Computer Sciences Corporation and RCA Service Co. ; 

Expedient Services Incorporated; Martin Marietta; McDonnell Douglas Technical Services Company; McGregor Et Werner; New World Services, Inc.; 

P1 anni ng Research Corporati on; Rockwell International ; United Space 

Boosters, Inc; and Wackenhut Services Inc. 

Boeing SerTHE SILVER SNOOPY AWARD RECIPIENTS were (in alphabetical order): Lyle 

Adams, Charles Albright, Henry Anderson, Cheryl Armstrong, Otto Baker, 

Howard Baxter , G1 enn Beatty , Ronald B1 ackard, Robert Brad1 ey , John Brewer, 

Lee Bridgeman, Bill Bruce, John Brunson, Niel Buchanan, Larry Butt, Debra 

Caldwell, Dick Carlson, Phyllis Carter, Charlle Chambers, Bill Cheatham, 

Jr., Vi nce Coffman, Harrel 1 Cunni ngham, Marsaret Davis, Hol1 and Dresser, 

Bob Drury, John Echegoyen, Ray Enriquez, Mari lynn Farnham, Mike Ferguson, 

Orinan Gambi 1 1 Dona1 d Garceau , Jaines Hami 1 ton, Robert Hami 1 ton, G1 enda 

Hanchey , Wayne Heath, Phi 11 i p He1 1 and, Bi 1 1 Helm, Cheryl Herndon, Paul 

Hess, Bob Hibdon, Jean Hope, Joe Horvath, Jr., Albert Houston, Floyd James, 

George Judson, Warren Ki ckl i ghter , Ann Kuchta, Bob Lawhead, Bob Likon, Bill 

Lipscomb, Jim Lovan, Pamela Lund, George MacGregcr, Mark Matis, M. E. 

Miller, Frank Mohme, Wayne Morse, Lee Moss, Paul Nawrocki, Barbara 

O'Connor, John Outing, Wayne Pate, Cloyce Perkins, Donald Peters, Dona 

Phi 1 ipson, Debbie PotLlast, Charles Pound, Jr. , Betti Pratt , Thomas Qu 

Joar, Rife, Gme Ross, Alvin Scheving, Joseph Schneider, Ruth Schroeder 

Gerald Sheehan, Anne Sheridan, Walter Shifflett, Sharon Sprouse, Lola 

Spurgeon, Jim Smith, Bill Smith (not pictured), Bill Tanner, Sharm 

Teerawatananont, Lois Thompson, Edward Tobin , Terry To1 bert , Joci 1 le 

Travis, Richard Tresher, Evelyn Trindle, James Trindle, Julie Triola, 

d 

nn , 

Charles Vickers, Rick Weismiller, Wil tiam Wierenga, Jim Williams, Shirley 

Wyle and Henry Youngblood. (Spacc,ort News, Vol. 19, No. 27, December 19, 

1980, p 6 & 7) 

ORIGiNAL FFSZ I:> 

302 OF POOR QUALITY 
o The KSC Visitors Center is adding a major new outdoor exhlblt this week 

with the installation of a Saturn lB rocket. 

Saturn 

space 

for 18 

1Bs carried the Skylab and Apollo Soyuz 

n the mid-1979s. The rocket on display 

mor,t% to the Space Science Exposition 

lest Project astronauts into 

is the one that was loaned 

n Tokyo. 

Another new exhibit highlights comunications satellites and features a 

model of Intelsat V, launched in early Decaber. 

from Ford Aerospace and Comamications Corporation, builder of INTELSAT V, 

the largest commercial comunications satellite in both size and capacity. 

(Spaceport News, Vol. 19, No. 27, December 19, 1980, p 6) 

The exhibit is on loan 

o NASA yesterday successfuily camp 

simulations of the Space Shuttle 

conduct the last test, which wil 

landing at Edwards AFB, Calif. 

eted the third of four planned miscion 

Columbia at KSC and was preparing to 

be a sinrulatzd descent from orbit a;rd 

Yesterday's test, with astronauts Joe Engle and Richard Truly at the 

controls, was a 22-nainute Return to Launch Site Abort. The prime crew of 

Bob Crippen and John Young will man the final test. 

NASA is moving toward a rollou; of the Shuttle from the Vehicle Assembly 

Building to Launch Canplex 39A at 7 A# Dec. 29. Confidence in that 

schedule is evidenced by the fact that workers have been given a two-day 

holiday Dec. 25-26. 

Among the remaining tasks is the installation of about 1500 gapfiller 

insulation tiles on the Columbia, which are currefitly being installed at 

the rate cf about 275 a day. 

December 19, 1980, p 238) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 32, Friday, 

o While the Federal Government's budget authority for space activities will 

pass $10 billion for the first time in FY '81, Federal outlays for space 

will top the $9 billion mark for the first time. 

303 
Federal space prograa outlays for the FY '79-81 perlod are as follows: 

#AM 

ooo 

DM 

Mx: 

DOT 

NSF 

DOA 

Total Sp,*-a Out 1 ays : 

(In lslllions of dollars) 

FY '79 FY '80 E FY '81 

3,743.9 4,471.4 4,675.1 

2,891.8 3,472.7 4,277.3 

54.7 58.4 50.7 

97.4 89.9 91.9 

9.9 11.2 11.8 

2.4 2.4 2.4 

8.2 

6,808.3 m 

13. 1 15.7 

V,1ZQ.9 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 32, Friday, December 19, 1980, p 242) 

o A non-profit educatlonal organizatlon, "United For Space," designed to 

prwte space exploration by informing the nation of the beneflts of space 

has been established by the Citizens For Space Political Actlon Conaalttee 

(Washington, D.C.). 

The Citizens For Space PAC was formed earller thls year by Harrell Graham 

to raise funds to support polltical candidates supporting the space 

program. !The comnittee i~de only a few, small col~trlbutlons to 

candldates. It says reclplents included Presidentlal candldste John 

Anderson, Sen. Mac Mthias (H-Hd.) and Rep. Don Fuqua (0-Fla.).] The most 

notable members of the conmittee's board of advisors are fomr Sen. Frank 

Mss (D-Utah), and Frank Hamnlll, counsel for the National Space Club. 

Unlike the PAC, the new non-profit group can accept contributions of larger 

than $5000 fron an individual and contributions to the organization are 

fully tax-deductible. 

organization and wi 11 seek to establish local chapters. 

In dddltlon, United Far Space will be a membership 

While there iire other non-profit educational organirdtions involved with 

space, the new proup says that its mission will be to fill the "desperate 

need in the spdce moverilent for effective and professional advertising, 

public relations and educational campaigns." ;I,efense Bally, Vol. 113. 

No. 32, Friday, Decanber 19, 1930, p 242) 

304 
o Satellite Television Corp., a subsidiary of C-at, has asked the FCC for 

permission to start development of the nation's first satelllte-to-ham pay 

television service. 

The coapany proposes to start the system in 1985-86 In the Eastern U.S. and 

to expand to cover the entire nation after that. The company said the 

timetable for the expansion would depend on whether It can ffnd a partner 

to help finance the project. 

However, the colrpany said ft is corwitted to building the entire system, 

which will include four on-orbit satellites and two backups. 

Transwiss'xs from the spacecraft would be received via 2-1/2-foot dish 

antennas installed on the customers' rooftop. STS plans to offer three 

chGnnels of television programing. (Defense Daily, Wol. 113, No. 32, 

FridQ, December 19, 1980, p 244) 

o The Soviet Union launched one of its medium-resolution photographic 

recovery reconnlassance/survei 1 1 ance sate1 1 1 tes on Tuesday, Dec. 16 from 

D?esetsk. It was put Into an orbit of 209/325 kflolpeters, 72.9 degrees, 

89.5 minutes, and tagged Cosms 1227. 

Other recent Soviet space actlvity: 

* Cosraos 1225, a nilitar3 navigation mission on Dec. 5, from Plesetsk, 

with an orbit of 967jlOBl kilometers, 82.9 degrees, 105.0 minutes. * Cowaos 1226, the second of the usual paired military navigation 

missions, on Dec. 11, frm Plesetsit, with an orbit of 982/1025 

ki lometers, 83.0 degrees, 105.0 minutes. 

* Progress 11, the latest resupply spacecraft, after boosting the 

Salyut 6 into a new orbit of 290/374 kilometers, 51.6 degrees, 90.9 

minutes, was separated from Salyut 6-Soyuz 1-3 complex on Dec. 9 

(Soyuz T-3 was returned on Dec. 10) and thrust into destructive 

reentry. 

(Defense Daily, Wol. 113, No. 32, Friday, December 19, 1380, p 244) 

kedm 20: Astronauts finished the last of four simulated Space Shuttle 

flights at the Kennedy Space Center Friday at the contrcls of the orbiter 

Columbia in preparation for its first mission. 

John Young and Robert Crippen concluded the 59-minl~te test of the system 

that will manuever the or'jiter as it circles the Earth. 

305 
"The data is still being analyzed but they sen pretty happy with it," said 

USA spokesman Dick Young. "We're still scheduled for rollout on k. i.9." 

After the test, astronaut Young said, "It was d good run." (Today, 

Saturday, December 20, 1980) 

&!ceder 22: Through 1979, a total of 2037 successful space launchings were 

conducted by the nations of the world -- 1250 by the Soviet Union and 743 

by the United States. 

Japan is credited with 15 launchings, France 10, China 8. Italy 8 (6 

involving U.S. spacecraft), and Australia, the U.K. and ESA, 1 each. 

The U.S./Soviet record in the decade of the 1970's is as follows [Note: 

some launchings involved multiple spacecraft]: 

Year 

1970 

1971 

1972 

1973 

1974 

1975 

1976 

1977 

1978 

1979 

u. s. 

28 

30 

30 

22 

22 

27 

26 

24 

32 

16 

Total: 

USSR 

81 

83 

74 

86 

81 

89 

99 

98 

88 

87 

sdd 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 33, Monday, December 22, 1980, p 249) 

Oecember 23: Final preparations are underway for moving the Space Shuttle 

vehicle from the Vehicle Assembly Sltilding to Launch Complex 39's Pad A. 

The move is scheduled for Monday, December 79. 

Stacking of the first Space Shuttle vehicle was completed with the mating 

of the Orbiter Columbia to the other Shuttle components - the external 

propellant tank and solid rocket boosters - on November 24 in the VAB's 

High Bay 3. 

306 
Extensive tests have been conducted on the STS-1 vehicle to ve;.ify the 

various mechanical and electrical connections between the Shuttle's flight 

elesents and the ground support systems used to checkout, fuel and launch 

the Shuttle. 

Another mjor test was also performed - the Shuttle Interlace Test - which 

was the first large-scale checkout of the Space Shuttle as sn Integrated 

flight system, The SIT included four simulated mlsslons involving the 

prime and backup crews for the first Shuttle flight. The slmlatlons were 

conducted to validate primary and backup computer programs to be used by 

onboard flight systems during the STS-1 mission, scheduled for no earlier 

than March, 1981. 

The Shuttle Interface Test ended on Dec. 19 with the completion of the last 

simulated flight, a descent from orbit to a make-believe landing at the 

prime landing slte for the first shuttle flight, Edwards Air Force Base, 

Cal i f orni a. 

With the SIT finished, ordnance work began. Ordnance includes all the 

explGsive devices Installed on the STS-1 vehicle which are used to separate 

various components - such as the solld rocket boosters dnd external tank - 

from one another durlng the fllght. Installatlon and checkout of ordnance 

was completed December 23. 

1980) 

(NASA News Release No. 275-80, OeceaRtter 23, 

o The director of Space Shuttle operations at KSC, George Page, says in the 

wake of the four successful Shuttle mission simulation tests, that he is 

optimistic about making the first Shuttle launch this spring, although he 

says that the March 14 date probably won't be met, with a two month slip 

posri bl e. 

"After analysis of the data from the Shuttle Interface Tests, including the 

four manned flfght rehearsals, we're looking forward to a rollout Dec. 29 

at 8 AM, unless some unforseen problem arises," Page said. 

"NOW that the thermal tfle problems on the Columbia have been solved and a 

major Shuttle test completed, I feel a little more confident about making a 

launch this spring." Ho'ever, "March 14 is optimistic although I am well 

pleased with the way the team is operating together, but there probably 

will be probiLm which will develop to cause delays and I think May is not 

out of the question." (Defense Dally, Vol. 113, No. 34, Tuesday, December 

23, 1980 p 258) 

30 7 
osceder 24: The People's Republic of China, which had been planning to send 

astronauts into space using modified versions of their recently tested 

ICWs, has now shelved such plans, for at least this decade, due to 

econmi c reasons. 

The Secretary General of the New China Research Society, Wang Zhuanshan, 

said the planned mnned space flight program was too costly and not of an 

ilanediate priority and, therefore, would no longer be considered for this 

decade. 

Wang said It was riot a question of not having the hardware and the 

technology -- the rocket "is strong enough. 

The economic squeeze rill affect the entire Chinese space program, he said, 

wlth all programs movS13 ahead slower than originally planned. 

A plan for orbiting dogs or monkeys, instead of astronauts, was rejected, 

as was the plans for developing unmanned spacecraft for planetary missions. 

The only programs that will continue are those projects that are beneficial 

to the Chinese econolqy, such as satellites for weather research and Earth 

resources monitoring. 

There is also expected to be d slowing down or delay in the country's 

communications sate1 1 i te program. 

Only recently, the Chinese released photographs of Jstronauts training for 

tuture space flight at a secret research center. 

No. 35, Wednesday, December 24, 1980, p 261) 

(Defense Daily, Vol. 113, 

o India has picked ten Air Force officers who will soon be sent to the Soviet 

Union as cand:dates for joint space missions with Soviet cosmonauts aboard 

Soyur-Salyut s9ace flights. 

Soviets-tu3 

cosmonaut training. (Defense Daily, Vol. 113, No. 35, Uednesday, December 

24, 1980, p 261) 

Four of the ten will be selected by the 

flight and two for backup--for a maximum of two years 

308 
o To help reduce mission weight , a 798-pound NASA-Marshall Space Flight 

Center experllaent has been removed from the manffest of the first Space 

Shuttle flight. 

The experiment, known as the Induced Environment Contamination bltor, was 

designed to determfne how nrxk pollution exists in and around the Shuttle 

during operations. 

With the Space Shuttle's cargc bay doors open during missions, possible 

contaminants could enter the Orbiter payload area and might affect optical 

surfaces or the operation of various scierltific instruments, with 6 

subsequent degrading of data. 

amount and source of any contami nat i on. 

The experimmt would have analyzed the 

The monitor experiment is expected to be flown on latter Shutt;e flights. 

December 25: Kennedy Space Center's launch team responded ne11 under 

pressure during the Shuttle's simulated flight tests. said Darrell New, the 

man who directed the tests. 

"(Astronaut) John Young made the comnent to me that he was impressed with 

ha well the test team recovered from problems that were time critical," 

New said. 

Overall, New said, the two weeks' worth of Shuttle testing in the Vehicle 

Assembly Building went well. The only thing that could delay the trip to 

the pad Dec. 29 is some tile work that must be completed in the VAB, a NASA 

spokesman said. 

New said the launch team learned that the connections between the Shuttle's 

various elements are solid and that the connections between the Shuttle and 

its mobi le launch pad are good. 

The team also verified the ability of the Shuttle's various elements to 

respond to the spaceship Columbia's four cmputers. 

that it will all play together," he said. 

"We want to be sure 

Although some problems, mainly with ground computers, did surface during 

the tests, New said that the problems should be resolved in time to support 

a test firicg on the Shuttle's three main engines sometime in February. 

309 
New said that the test brought the launch team closer together. 

"I think we're getting back to that old Apollo splrit of a team effort to 

get a launch off on the,'' New sald. (Today, Thursday, Deceaber 25, 1980) 

Dccerber 26: Hore than a month betore a major unior: contract expires at the 

Kennedy Space Center, management 2nd labor have begun the complicated 

negotiating they say is necessari to avert a possible strtke close to the 

first Space Shuttle launch. 

Involved in the potential strike would be about 1,000 Boeing Services 

International employees in such crucial areas as supply delivery, 

dispatching, ground support and maintenance. (Today, Friday, December 26, 

1980) 

December 28: NASA has been bragging for years about its reusable Shuttle 

and how it will be millions of dollars cheaper than those old fashioned 

throwaway rockets. 

But now as calculators are beeping and grinding away it1 NASA's Washington 

headquarters trying to determine just how much it wlll cost to fly the 

Shuttle, it's becoming incredc'qgly clear to top officials that the 

reusable Shuttle won't be nearly as thrifty as was once c:aimed. 

In fact, a single flight of the Shuttle ir, 1983 will probably cost more 

than $100 million. And that's as much as four throwaway rockets cost. 

(Today, Sunday, December 28, 1980) 

o Columbia, the reusable rocket freight plane that the United States hopes 

will turn space into an industrial and scientific park, takes a big step 

toward 1 aunch Monday. 

The event -- two years behind schedule -- is the rollout of the Space 

Shuttle to the Apollo moon rocket launch pad. 

310 

ORlGlNRL PAGE 13 

OF POOR QUALITY 
The 3 1/24ile move of the fully assembled shuttle and its crawler 

transporter, a 104 1 lion-pound package from the mamth Vehicle Assembly 

Building, is scheduled to begin at 8 a.m. and take about 7 1/2 hours. 

"We are 'go' for Monday. We expect no problems In being reaw to move," 

said John Yardley, Director of the Rollout, after a meeting Saturday in 

which every aspect of the vehicle was reviewed. (Sentinel Star, Sunday, 

December 28, 1980) 

December 29: Jesco Von Puttkamer is fond of quoting a not-so-old NASA 

proverb he i nvented: "The space shutt 1 e makes money by shuttl i ng. I' 

For Von Puttkamer, a future planner at NASA Headquarters in Washington, 

D.C., the proverb offers a purely pragmatic reason why the United States 

must orbit a manned space station by the end of the decade. 

"There is no alternative," Von Puttkalner states bluntly. 

not to beat the Russians or because it's fun, but in order to free the 

shuttle for what it does best: going up and down and making money." 

"The rationale is 

Without a space station the shuttle is destlnea to lie dormant for weeks 

during extended scientific missions. For every day the shuttle floats 

"quiescently" in space, it will not be shuttling and it will definitely not 

be earning money. 

"It's like having an airliner and parking it on the runway as an overnight 

trailer," the planner laments. 

Not just the number but also the size of shuttle paylaods is expected to 

increase during the 1980s, leading inevitably to huge satellites that must 

be assembled in space. It will become economical to establish a shuttle 

"service station" where astronauts can llve, work and store their tools 

while the shuttle travels back and forth to earth. 

The service station would eventually become a base camp for space travel to 

upper earth orbit, some 22,000 miles above the modest 155-mile orbit of the 

space shuttle, as the need for high-flying geostationary satellites 

increases. 

31 1 

There are even plans for a reusable space tug that will comnute between 

lower and upper earth orbits, docking at the space station to refuel and 

pick up cargo transferred from the space shuttle. 

"It is no different than workmen building a road in the Amazon," Von 

Puttkamer asserts. 

every day; you establish base camps in the field." (Sentinel Star, Monday 

December 29, 1980) 

"You don't transport men and machinery to the work site 

o The space center will give a coming-out party today for the space shuttle, 

and NASA is taking steps to ensure there won't be any unexpected fireworks 

to mark the event. 

For instance, guards take away visitors' matches and cigarette 

they enter the mammoth Vehicle Assembly Building. 

Inside that 716-foot-tall technological cavern rests the shutt 

with millions of pounes of fuel and explosives. It's awaiting 

trip that will take it 3 1/2 miles to launch pad 39A. 

1 i ghters 

e--brim 

an 8 a.m 

BS 

What are the chances that a careless smoker could blow the shuttle-and all 

the space dreams that go with it--to bits? About 1 million to 1, according 

to NASA spokesman Mark Hess. "But.. . . I' He shook his head. 

"Loaded" is stamped in several places on the shuttle's two solid rocket 

boosters, as if any NASA employee could possibly forget that each one 

contains 1.1 million pounds of a rubbery looking substance that doesn't 

tolerate sparks. 

Or as if the workers could forget that the shuttle has been armed with 

explosives to blow off the solid rocket boosters. 

shuttle's March 17 launch, another 1.6 million pounds of liquid hydrogen 

and liquid oxygen will be poured into its huge external tank. 

Later, just before the 

And, at a guard shack beside the Vehicle Assembly Building, a red-lettered 

sign warns "Matches and lighters are prohibited beyond this point." 

Nearby, a guard peers warily imide vans full of news representatives from 

Paris and Iowa, England and Wisconsin, Tampa and New York, all visiting to 

photograph the shuttle on the night before rollout. (Sentinel Star, 

Monday, Decmeber 29, 1980) 

313 
Dacenber 30: Even the dismal weather that enveloped the Space Coast on 

Monday couldn't diminish the sense of achievement by the hundreds of 

workers and news media observers who were watching as the Space Shuttle 

Columbia crept from its mdmnoth assembly building to hlstoric launch pad 

39A, man's jumping off place for the moon. 

Rollout Day has been a long t?me in coming. (Today, Tuesday, December 30, 

1980) 

o Space Shuttle astronauts Bill and Anna Fisher were credited by officials 

Monday with saving the life of a Cocoa Beach man. 

The two astronauts helped ambulance attendants revive an apparently 

lifeless motorcycle accident victim on SR 528 shortly after 2 porn., said 

A.C. Jones, a Florlda Highway Patrol trooper. 

The couple, both physicans, were being driven to Kennedy Space Center to 

catch a flight to Houston when they spotted the accident victim lying in a 

westbound lane of the Bennett Memorial Causeway, Jones said. 

Bfll Fisher, 34, is an instructor of emergency medicine at Tampa's 

University of South Florida. Both he and his 30-year-old wife are training 

to be Shuttle astronauts. 

The motorcyclist, Daniel E. Duncan, 65, of 760 S. Brevard Ave., had turned 

blue from lack of oxygen and was without a pulse when the astronauts 

stopped to aid three county emergency medical technicans. 

"He's alive now, but he was deader than hell when I got there," Jones said. 

"I've seen a lot of dead ones. 

"There was no pulse. 

head. I' 

Believe me, he was dead,'' Jones said. 

He was blue. His eyes were rolled back into his 

The Fishers arrived inoments after Jones and the emergency medical crew. 

"They saw the commotion and stopped," the trooper said. 

doctors will stop and a lot of thein won't. 

when they stop." 

"A lot of the 

They kind of go out on a limb 

314 ORIGINAL PACE iS 

OF POOR QUALITY 
Together, the astronauts and other rescuers used equipment from the 

ambulance to force Duncan's heart to begin pumping blood again, Jones said. 

The trooper said he didn't have a chance to speak with the astronauts 

because they were busy saving Duncan. 

"They were working like mad on this guy. They were real ly going to town," 

he said. 

The Fishers remained with Duncan until he was delivered to the emergency 

room of Cape Canveral Hospital in Cocoa Beach, Jones said, noting the 

driver of their car followed them ta the hospltal. 

December 30, 1980) 

(Today, Tuesday, 

o The first Space Shuttle destined to fly in space was moved from the Vehicle 

Assembly Building to launch Pad A at Complex 39 on Monday, December 29. 

The Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP) was harddown on the pedestals at the pad 

at 8:Ol p.m. after portions of a small steel access tower on the pad which 

provides egress from the second level of the MLP were removed. 

Once in position, the Orbiter Access Arm was extended and crew module hatch 

opened. 

the vehicle on December 30. 

The Rotating Service Structure was also moved into place around 

For the next week, activity at the Pad will be centered around the Shuttle 

Launch Pad Validation, a major test to verify connections between the 

Mobile Launcher Platform and ground systems at the Pad. 

between the MLP and the Pad to supply power, propellants, gas, comnunicatlons and wal;er to the Shuttle are being made. Also, sophisticated Launch 

Processing System equipment in the Launch Control Center is being hooked up 

to the STS-1 vehicle so that power can be applied and tests can be conducted. A series of extensive tests will be performed to verify the MLP is 

properly mated to the Pad and instrumentation onboard the Shuttle flight 

elements - the orbiter, external tank and twin solid rocket boosters - will 

also be checked to verify test data can be received back at the Launch 

Control Center. 

All Interfaces 

ORIGINAL PACZ f3 

OF POOR QlJALiTY 

315 
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316 
The next major test after Shuttle Launch Pad Validation will be the “Plugs 

Out Overall Test” scheduled from January 7-15. During this test, all Pad 

ground support equipment wi 11 be disconnected to verify that a1 1 Shuttle 

systems can operate on internal power after liftoff. 

The STS-1 vehicle is scheduled to be powered up December 30 to support retesting of four Multiplexer/Demultiplexers (MDMs) and the Input/Output 

Processors (IOPs). 

onics system, were removed prior to rollout to enhance their reliability 

and will be reinstalled before power is applied to the vehicle. 

The MDMs and IOPs, part of the orbiter’s complex aviMost other Shuttle related work accomplished during the past week was in 

support of the rollout. 

Or: the orbiter, the major activi .y has been the reinstallation of the !NMs 

and IOPs. All thermal protection system work has been completed except for 

insertion of gap fillers that will be installed at the Pad. 

Some thermal insulation on the left side of the external tank was repaired 

in the VAB prior to rollout after receiving some minor damage during 

retraction of a work platform. 

The schedule for repairing Nozzle Plug No. 2, which broke into two pieces 

during sea trials is being reviewed with the estitnated completion date of 

the end of February. 

being assessed. 

The requirement for a full-up sea retest is also 

December 31: The Shuttle is on its launch pad, and workers are busily making 

the connections between it and the systems that are necessary for its 

1 amch. 

The Shuttle’s portable launch platform was lowered on its support pedestals 

at Pad 39A at 8 p.m. Monday night, 12 hours after it left its assembly 

building. Workers are now putting into place the various structures that 

provide access to the Shuttle, a NASA spokesman said. 

After a gangplank was extended, workers opened the pressurized hatch rhe 

crew will pass through. Next, the primary access structure was put into 

place, which PASA calls the rotating service structure. 

317 
This massive five-level work platfom is 50 feet wide and 102 feet long. 

Its height is 130 feet. As its nitme implies, the structure rotates 120 

degrees so that it covers most of the Space Shuttle's Orbiter. After the 

structure is in place, the Shuttle hi.11 be almost hidden from sight by its 

launch pad. 

From the various levels of the rotating structure, workers will connect the 

lines that carry oxygen, hydroyen, nitroom, helium and the fuels that 

power the Spacesnip Columbia's in-orbit engines. The structure also has an 

envlrorwnentally controlled "clean room," where payloads can be loaded into 

the Columbia's payload bay. (Today, Wednesday, December 31, 1980) 

-r 1980: Hore that 67,000 visitors toured the nation's Spaceport in 

Novmber as engineers and tecnnicians here prepared for the first launch of 

the Space Shuttle and its crew in March, 1980. 

Visitors taking guided bus tours totaled 67,568 for the month, .6 percent 

higher tnan the 67,139 bus patrons logged in November 1979. This was the 

third straight month that tour totals have been higher than for the 

comparable period last year. 

The November bus tour figure pushed the cumulative total for the year to 

1,156,207, or 2.8 percent below the 1,189,299 visitors for the first 11 

months of 1979. During the first six months of this year attendance ran 

behind 1979 by 6.8 percent, but since June, except for one month, the 

number of visitors has surpassed the number last year. 

No. 208-80, December 1980) 

(NASA #ens Release 

o Neither sleet, nor hail, nor rain, nor snow should stay Snnta from his 

appointed rounds in FloPda on Christmas Eve. 

But the Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility stands open for an 

anergency landing by Old Saint Nick should the Florida weather stray from 

the high standards set by the chamber of comrce or if one of his reindee? 

throws a shoe. 

The Spdceport's Shuttle idnding strip IS one of the largest airfields in 

the world--measuring 15,000 feet long and 300 feet wide. Designed to 

handle landings by the Space Shuttle orbiters on high-speed glldes from 

missions in space, it is equipped with sophisticated electronic landiny 

systems capable of overcoming the toughest set of weather conditions. 

318 
"We can handle the shuttle, C-5A, 747s--anythlng wlth wings," emphasized 

Joey Noel , pro tem manager of the Spaceport's Shuttle Facility. 

sure we can handle Santa, hls sleigh and his reindeer. 

No. 273-80, Decrtrnber 1980) 

"We're 

(NASA Weus Release 

o Federal employees in Brevard County increased their contributlons to the 

Combined Federal Campaign this fall by more than 6% ower last year despite 

the fact that their number has dwindled from last year by about 1,ooO, 

Colonel Russel 1 Rubeor, County Chairman, announced today. 

This year Federal employees gave $216,999, colapared to $206,577 last year. 

The total, according to prelimtnary figures, was also 111% of the CFC goal 

of $195,000. 

The Combined Federal Compaign is a once-a-year charitable drive for the 

United Way of Brevard County, National Health Agencies and International 

Service Agencies. Also included this year were four local agencies, which 

received mly money speclfical ly di rected to them. (NASA News Release No. 

210-80 , December 1980) 

o International Business Machines Corporation, 7900 N. Astronaut Blvd. , Cape 

Canaveral , Fla., has been awarded a contract by the Kennedy Space Center 

for improvement and operatlon of an existing computer. 

Under the $380,500 contract, !BH will make improvements to KSC's Ground 

Processing Simulator Enhancement System, a computer which is used to study 

the preparation of payloads for Space Shuttle missions and to calculate 

when they will be ready for flight. The goal of the GPS system is to 

develcn improved methods for planning and sch-duling of Space Shuttle 

mi ss i ons. 

The fixed-price contract will extend through September 30, 1980. (NASA 

News Release No. 211-80, December 1980) 

o Kemedy Space Center scored another flawless launch record in 1980 with S;X 

successful satellite liftoffs as the spaceport's 39-month string of 

consecutive launch successes grew to 31. 

319 
It was also a year of tnajor advances towards the Space Shuttle's flrst 

orbital fllght, targeted for Nerch, and s spectaculsr planetary encounter 

nlth Saturn as Voyager 1 continued Its long journey three years after 

leunch from Cape Canaveral . 

A successful liftoff of the INTELSAT V (Internatlonal Telecoaiaunlcat!ons 

Satellite) comwnlcatlons satellite atop an Atlas Centaur rocket on 

December 6 finished the year for KSC's Deployable Payloads Directorate, 

which lobbed three other conmnlcations spacecraft, a weather satellite and 

a solar research satel 1 i te into orbit durl ng 1980. 

Here's a chronological sumnary of the year's launches: 

January 17 -- FLTSATCOH 3 - a military comunications satelllte, rode into 

orbit aboard at Atlas Centaur fo7:owing Ilftoff from Complex 36 at 8:26 

p.m. Stationed in geosynchronou- orblt over the Atlantic Ocean, the spacecraft provides two-way communications for U. s. Armed Forces and Department 

of Defense users. 

February 14 -- The solar research satellite St44 (Solar Maximum Ulssion) was 

carried into a low Earth orbit by a Delta whlch was launched froat Complex 

17 at 10:57 d.m. The spacecraft's scientific instruments were designed to 

gather data about solar phenomena during a peak of the Sun's ll-year 

act i vi ty cycle. 

Seotember 9 -- The weather-observing satel lite GOES-4 (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) was launched from Complex 17 at 6:27 p.m. 

on a Delta to replace a predecessor. Onboard is a new instrument which 

enables forecasters to measure atmospheric temperature and mol sture at 

various a1 ti tudes. 

October 30 -- FLTSATCW-4, the second military comnications satellite 

launch for the year, rose into orbit after a 10:58 p.m. liftoff from 

Complex 36 stop an Atlas Centaur. 

November 15--Satell i te Business Systems-1 (SBS-1). the first spacecraft 

designed exclusively for business-to-business comnications, was launched 

aboard d Delta from Complex 17 at 5:49 p.m. and received its final boost 

into an elliptical transfer orbit from a new independent rocket stage 

called the Payload Assist Module, developed for use on both expendable 

vehicles and the Space Shuttle. 

320 
December 6 -- INTELSAT V, the newest spacecraft in a series that provided 

the first high-quality and reliable worldwide satellite telecomunicatiorrs 

system in 1968, thundered into orbit on an Atlas Centaur which l i f t e d o f f 

from Complex 36 at 6:31 p.m. 

It was the third year in a row that KSC achieved a flawless launch record. 

The Deployable Payloads Directorate's string of 31 consecutive launch successes includes 19 Deltas and 12 Atlas Centaurs. Two of the Delta launches 

were conducted from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. 

The Delta has become the workhorse of the space program. 

first launched in 1960, it has carried over 140 scientific, weather, communications and applications satellites into space. 

Since it was 

The Atlas Centaur is currently NASA's standard launch vehicle for intermediate payloads too heavy to ride on Delta. 

Launches of both vehicles are already slated into 1982 as a gradual transition is made to dependence on the Space Shuttle. 

This year marked a major turning point in the shuttle's development as 

manufacturing of the first flight orbiter, Columbia, was completed in the 

Orbiter Processing Facility and the spaceship was moved to the Vehicle 

Assembly Building for launch processing. 

The Voyager 1 spacecraft, launched from KSC in 1977, flew past Saturn in 

November and astounded planetary scientists with spectacular and puzzling 

images sf the ringed planet and its mons. 

December 1SZQ) 

(NASA News Release No. 265-80, 

321