FTC Consumer Alert

Federal Trade Commission  Bureau of Consumer Protection  Office of Consumer and Business Education

The “Nigerian” Scam: Costly Compassion

Nigerian advance-fee fraud has been around for decades, but now seems to have reached epidemic

proportions: Some consumers have told the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) they are receiving

dozens of offers a day from supposed Nigerians politely promising big profits in exchange for help

moving large sums of money out of their country. And apparently, many compassionate consumers are

continuing to fall for the convincing sob stories, the unfailingly polite language, and the unequivocal

promises of money.

These advance-fee solicitations are scams. And according to the FTC, the scam artists are playing

each and every consumer for a fool. Here’s the play book:

z Claiming to be Nigerian officials, businesspeople or the surviving spouses of former government

honchos, con artists offer to transfer millions of dollars into your bank account in exchange for a

small fee. If you respond to the initial offer, you may receive “official looking” documents. Typically, you’re then asked to provide blank letterhead and your bank account numbers, as well as

some money to cover transaction and transfer costs and attorney’s fees.

z You may even be encouraged to travel to Nigeria or a border country to complete the transaction.

Sometimes, the fraudsters will produce trunks of dyed or stamped money to verify their claims.

Inevitably, though, emergencies come up, requiring more of your money and delaying the “transfer” of funds to your account; in the end, there aren’t any profits for you to share, and the scam

artist has vanished with your money.

If You Receive an Offer

If you’re tempted to respond to an offer, the FTC suggests you stop and ask yourself two important

questions: Why would a perfect stranger pick you — also a perfect stranger — to share a fortune with,

and why would you share your personal or business information, including your bank account numbers or your company letterhead, with someone you don’t know? And the U.S. Department of State

cautions against traveling to the destination mentioned in the letters. According to State Department

reports, people who have responded to these “advance-fee” solicitations have been beaten, subjected to

threats and extortion, and in some cases, murdered.

If you receive an offer via email from someone claiming to need your help getting money out of

Nigeria — or any other country, for that matter — forward it to the FTC at spam@uce.gov.

If you have lost money to one of these schemes, call your local Secret Service field office. Local

field offices are listed in the Blue Pages of your telephone directory.
For More Information

More information about Nigerian Advance-Fee Loan scams is available from the Department of

Justice (www.justiceonline.org/consum/nigerian.html), the U.S. Secret Service (www.secretservice.gov/

alert419.shtml), and the U.S. Department of State (http://travel.state.gov/tips_nigeria.html or

www.state.gov/www/regions/africa/naffpub.pdf).

The FTC works for the consumer to prevent fraudulent, deceptive, and unfair business practices in

the marketplace and to provide information to help consumers spot, stop, and avoid them. To file a

complaint or to get free information on consumer issues, visit www.ftc.gov or call toll-free, 1-877-

FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357); TTY: 1-866-653-4261. The FTC enters Internet, telemarketing, identity

theft, and other fraud-related complaints into Consumer Sentinel, a secure, online database available to

hundreds of civil and criminal law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad.

F C EDERAL RADE OMMISSION T FTC OR HE ONSUMER

1-877-FTC-HELP www.ftc.gov

July 2003