14 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### Primary Zone Example 1:

Perennial Lake,

5 acres in size;

SSC: A1

Example 2:

Perennial Lake,

5 acres in size;

OFW Designation

SSC: A1 Primary Zone 

# Figure 3S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 15 

## Introduction

The following sections of this Manual provide the listing and application of Best Management Practices established for silviculture operations in Florida. The BMPs are arranged by specific application to various land types, waterbody types, forestry activities and special conditions. It should be noted that the Special Management Zone concept, described in the previous section, is also a BMP and is frequently referenced under the various BMP applications.

The Best Management Practices in this Manual are generally presented as

i ndividual practices within a particular category. However, the basic BMP concept is the implementation of all practices that apply to a given forestry operation. In that regard, no single practice is designed to accomplish the total BMP objective. For example, applying the SMZ criteria to a stream within a forestry operation without regard for other applicable BMPs, could significantly reduce the effectiveness of the SMZ to protect water quality. On a given forestry operation, the effectiveness of any particular practice, as well as overall BMP effectiveness, is largely dependent upon the implementation of all applicable BMPs throughout all aspects of the operation.



# Best Management Practices16 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### Unlike forest management on private lands, the need to derive economic return may not be the dominant force that leads to public land ownership or drives public land management. Often, the acquisition and management of public land has as its objective, to maximize ecological restoration, preserve existing natural resources and facilitate optimum public use.

When such is the case, the BMPs in this manual must be considered as minimum standards that, by themselves, will not always achieve public land management goals. Consequently, public land management agencies charged with developing and implementing management plans for public lands should do so in conformance with this Manual, and to the greatest extent practical, with the following enhancements:

Areas within the Special Management Zone designated as a Primary Zone should be managed as a no-cut zone. Any timber harvesting within these no-cut zones should be limited to operations that are in association with ecological restoration or wildlife habitat enhancement practices. However, isolated wetlands and intermittent streams on state forests shall be exempt from OFW derived Primary Zones. Each individual state forest, within the forest management plan, shall prescribe management practices for isolated wetlands and intermittent streams on a case by case basis.

The Special Management Zone is only one of the BMP concepts that may warrant additional consideration by land managers prior to implementation on public lands. Public land management agencies are advised and encouraged to augment the BMPs where appropriate, particularly on lands that are managed for non-forestry objectives. Protection of forested wetlands within these lands should be given special consideration.

In addition, such agencies should maintain environmental/ecological inventories of public lands and actively implement and study alternatives that exceed the BMPs in this manual. Results should be well documented to help facilitate future BMP revisions. Copies of enhanced management plans or any such studies should be forwarded to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Forestry.

Note: P ublic land management agencies must often adhere to specific legislative provisions or policies when developing and implementing management plans on certain public lands. In particular, the USDA Forest Service is constrained by the Clean Water Act, the National Forest Management Act, and National Environmental Policy Act to develop and implement a Land and Resource Management Plan that will govern management of certain federally-owned forested land. Similar constraints may occur in legislation that governs acquisition and management of lands owned or controlled by local, regional, or state agencies.

To the extent that adherence to these BMPs do not conflict with legislatively established management goals, objectives, requirements, or mandates, public agencies are required to incorporate these BMPs into management plans. In addition, to the greatest extent practical, public agencies are encouraged to incorporate the above BMP enhancements wherever applicable. 

# Application of BMPs: Public LandsS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 17 

### For regulatory purposes, wetlands are defined by the presence or absence of specific types of vegetation, soils and hydrologic conditions. However, it is not the intent nor within the scope of this Manual, to define wetlands for regulatory purposes or to use any particular regulatory definition. Wetlands, for the purpose of this Manual, are listed by type in Appendix 5.

In addition, areas of pine flatwoods may contain certain wetland types listed in this Manual, such as cypress ponds. However, for the purpose of this Manual, pine flatwoods are not considered wetlands. Conversely, the presence of pine species within swamps, sloughs or floodplains does not necessarily make these areas “pine sites.”

Because of the generally wet soil conditions associated with forested wetlands, some of these areas can be very sensitive to forestry activities, particularly during flooding or periods of soil saturation. For silviculture operations in general, wetlands are probably most susceptible to changes in hydrology or hydroperiod, which can result from improper forest road construction, logging operations, and certain types of site preparation activities.

In general, the BMPs that apply to any other land type also apply to wetlands. For example, a stream within a wetland area would receive a SMZ, and a road or stream crossing constructed within a wetland would be required to apply the appropriate BMPs. However, because of the sensitivity of some types of wetlands to certain forestry related activities, the following special BMPs also apply.

Drainage a nd C onversion

• Ditching in association with road construction and maintenance, fireline plowing or other activities in wetlands, must not significantly change the hydrologic condition of wetlands or the overall drainage pattern of the site.

• Do not significantly alter the natural drainage or flow patterns on forest lands immediately adjacent to wetlands, particularly isolated wetlands, such as cypress ponds or gum ponds. Logging slash must not be pushed into or piled around ponds or other isolated wetlands.

• Do not conduct intensive mechanical site preparation such as bedding, raking and windrowing in wetlands.

• Avoid fireline plowing in wetlands (see Fireline Construction).

Roads

• When constructing roads in wetlands, refer to the Roads section of the manual in addition to the following BMPs.

• Avoid fill road construction, especially in floodplains or other wetlands 

# Application of BMPs: Wetlands Application of BMPs: Public Lands18 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### with flowing water. Roads constructed at ground level are less likely to restrict flowing water.

• Do not construct permanent roads in wetlands except to serve large and frequently used areas, provide access for a crossing, or provide fire protection.

• When crossing wetlands, insure that fill roads are properly and adequately culverted and do not act to impound or divert normal stormflow, flood flow or sheet flow (see Stream Crossings).

Har vesting

• For harvesting timber in wetlands: wetland area means the acres of each contiguous wetland within a contiguous ownership; selectively cut means to harvest in accordance with the Management Criteria for the Primary Zone of the SMZ (see Special Management Zones); leave trees are large, mast producing and/or cavity trees that represent the older age classes within the stand. For stands where cypress trees are predominant, cypress trees should be selected for leave trees to the extent that safety and harvesting operations allow, and the number of leave trees per acre should be the upper limit of the ranges listed below. In addition, pond cypress trees should be cut at a point on the stem that approximates the average high water mark (except for skid trails or roads). The average high water mark can usually be identified by the water stain line, the lichen line or the area at which the stem begins to swell (buttress).

A) Harvesting in a wetland area less than 200 acres must meet the following criteria:

1) retain all snags within the wetland area, to the extent that safety and harvesting operations allow; and, 2a) retain at least 3 to 5 leave trees per acre: if a wetland flow-way is present, leave trees should be left along it’s center line; otherwise leave trees should be randomly distributed throughout the wetland; or ,

b) retain at least 10% of the harvest area as selectively cut: the 10% area may be left anywhere on-site. However, for wetlands with a well defined stream, an SMZ (as specified in the SMZ section) will be required for the stream, and may be used as part or all of the 10%; for flowing wetlands the 10% should be left along the center line of the wetland flow-way to the greatest extent possible.

Note: 2b) is the preferred option where it is applicable

B) Harvesting in a wetland area 200 acres and larger must meet the following criteria:

1) retain all snags within the wetland area, to the extent that safety and harvesting operations allow; and, 2) retain at least 1 to 2 leave trees per acre: leave trees should be leftS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 19 

### along the center line of the wetland flow-way if applicable; otherwise leave trees should be randomly distributed throughout the wetland. 3) clearcut areas cannot exceed 160 acres in size. 4) clearcuts should be separated from any other clearcut by a 200' selectively cut buffer or by a 200' wide area which has an average tree height of at least 20 feet. However, multiple clearcuts within any 160 acre harvest unit may be separated by a 100 foot buffer. Limited timber harvesting is allowed within the 100 foot buffer provided that trees left in the buffer are equivalent to the number and size specified in the leave tree requirements described above. Under this scenario, the trees left in the 100 foot buffer will satisfy the “leave tree” requirements for the clearcut area associated with it, and no other leave trees would be required. For wetlands with a well defined stream(s), the Primary Zone left along the stream may be used to contribute toward the 200' requirement. For flowing wetlands, trees left along the center line of the wetland flow-way should be used to separate clearcut areas where applicable.

C) A harvest unit which contains five or more small isolated wetlands, each less than two acres in size, must retain 20% of the number of isolated

wetlands unharvested 1 

### . For example, if the harvest unit contains ten, two acre cypress ponds, eight may be clearcut and two must be left uncut until the regenerated stands on the other eight attain an average tree height of

at least 20 feet.

Skidding

• Minimize skidder and other heavy equipment operation in wetlands during wet conditions to avoid widespread excessive soil rutting. Although some minor rutting may occur in a typical wetland harvesting operation, skidders and other heavy equipment operations should be planned for dry seasons and/or dry periods as much as possible.When excessively wet harvesting conditions are unavoidable, low ground pressure equipment such as dual-tire skidders, tracked machines or special techniques such as “mat-logging” or “shovel-logging” should be employed where practical and economically feasible.

• To the greatest extent possible: forestry operations in wetlands which exhibit seasonal inundation or saturation should be limited to dry conditions only, and forestry operations in wetlands which are continually

saturated or inundated should be limited to low-water conditions.

• When skidding in wetlands with organic soils, concentrate skid trails to as small an area as possible, and minimize the number of trails on a given site (see Timber Harvesting).20 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### Mat (Shovel) Logging:

• M inimize the width of skid trail mats – mats should not exceed 20 feet in

w idth, on the average, except for sections of the trail where it is necessary for equipment to pass – in these sections the minimum width may be doubled.

• M inimize the number of skid trail mats – typically, trails should not be

s paced closer than 200 feet, on the average. Where conditions prohibit

t racked machines from operating off the mat, spacing may be reduced to

5 0 feet in order to minimize site disturbance. However, under no conditions

s hould skid trail mats exceed 25% of the harvest area.

• T imber for skid trail mats should be laid down in the direction of the trail

u nder normal conditions.

• U se only one layer of timber for skid trial mats, except where multiple

l ayers are necessary to prevent site disturbance.

• W here multiple layers of timber are necessary to construct the skid trail

m at, the bottom layer may be laid down perpendicular to the trail, and may

e xceed 20 feet in width to maximize weight distribution.

• M erchantable material in skid trail mats should be removed after logging

o peration is complete.

• F or stream crossings with skid trail mats, refer to the stream crossing

s ection of the BMP Manual.

Note: Ditching and drainage activities as well as the placement of fill material in wetlands generally requires a permit from regulatory agencies. Individuals engaged in such activities are advised to contact the appropriate agency for specific guidance (Appendices 13 and 14). In addition, state water quality standards may apply to wetlands that are connected to streams, lakes, or other

waterbodies.

Note: Typically, cypress planting is not necessary on a large scale basis; however, where site conditions or other factors conducive to natural regeneration of stands are limited, planting of cypress seedlings may augment reforestation efforts.

1 

### Retaining isolated wetlands that have the following characteristics may improve the habitat value for wetland dependent species within the landscape:

Intermittent surface water. Wetland margin dominated by native wetland plants. High species and age class diversity in standing timber. Presence of snags and den trees. Unique plant communities. Where natural hydrology is least disturbed.S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 21 

# Figure 422 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### B est Management Practices for canals are designed to provide additional protection to Florida’s water resources. Since canals are often connected to streams, lakes or other waterbodies, forestry activities adjacent to canals have the potential to impact water quality through such connections. For the purposes of this Manual, the term canal does not include natural streams that have been hydrologically modified by dredging or straightening to enhance their efficiency to transport water. Although such “modified streams” may have been significantly altered, they are still geographically located to receive and transport storm water and thus are connected directly to other waters. In most cases, they continue to perform important natural stream functions particularly if they have associated wetlands. For these reasons, BMPs for modified streams (including SMZ criteria) are identical to those for any other naturally occurring perennial or intermittent stream, except for maintenance activities (see Canal Maintenance section).

Canals, for the purposes of this manual, are totally man-made and generally independent from natural drainage features. As artificial systems, canals exhibit only periodic and limited characteristics of natural streams and usually receive periodic maintenance. Canals do not include forestry road-side ditches or upland field ditches.



## BMPs for Canals

• During normal silvicultural operations, do not operate heavy equipment within canals or in such a manner as to result in damage to the canal bank.

• Avoid canal crossings when possible. Where necessary, construct crossings in accordance with the Stream Crossings section of this manual.

• Do not conduct bedding, chopping or other site preparation activities in such a way that results in direct surface water discharge into a canal.

• Avoid dropping logging slash in canals; remove significant amounts of logging slash from canals.

• Do not discharge pesticides not approved for aquatic use, fertilizer, or other pollutants into canals. Do not dispose of chemical containers and/or equipment rinse water in canal waters. 

# Application of BMPs: CanalsS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 23 

### Canal M aintenance

• Maintenance for modified streams and canals should be minimized. When necessary, conduct canal re-dredging during periods of low flow.

Minimize disturbance to canal banks and retain as much “streamside” vegetation as possible.

• Use appropriate erosion, sediment and turbidity control practices to reduce sediment transport.

• When conducting road maintenance adjacent to a canal, do not discharge road spoil on the canal-side of the road.

Note: Before conducting canal Maintenance, contact the appropriate regulatory agency(s) - such activities normally require authorization and/or permits (Appendix 13). 

# Application of BMPs: Canals24 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices

### Sinkholes are important waterbodies because geologically and hydrologically active sinks may form a direct connection between the land surface and groundwater with little or no filtration through soil layers. Consequently, any pollutants that enter a sinkhole have the potential to contaminate groundwater. Sinkholes support a unique combination of plants and animals that are very sensitive to pollution, temperature and sunlight changes and may depend on leaf litter and organic debris for food sources.

In addition to the water resource concerns for sinkholes, there are also safety concerns. Ground conditions near sinkholes may be very unstable geologically and prone to collapse. Heavy equipment operation in and around these areas could result in damage to or loss of equipment, structures, and physical harm to workers and operators.



## BMPs for Sinkholes

• For sinkholes with perennial or intermittent open water, or which connect to an intermittent or perennial stream, apply the appropriate Special Management Zone to the sinkhole (See Application of SMZs).

• Do not place any debris, trash, or waste in any sinkhole or in any surface drainage feature that flows into a sinkhole.

• Avoid mechanical operations such as harvest or site preparation, fertilization, or pesticide use in sinkholes.

• When working adjacent to sinkholes, do not alter land surface slope to direct surface drainage into the sinkhole - apply mechanical site preparation such as bedding on the contour. 

# Application of BMPs: SinkholesS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 25 

### Forest roads represent the single greatest potential for severe, long term erosion and sedimentation from forestry activities. The nature of roads generally involves maintaining a “bare soil” condition on the road surface and periodic maintenance of both the surface and any associated ditches.

Permanent access roads are often accompanied by permanent drainage ditches or other drainage structures designed to transport stormwater. Serious road deterioration can result if ditch or drainage structure capacity is exceeded during storm events. This can lead to flooding of the road and surrounding area, scouring of the road and ditch surface, blowing out of roads and culverts, all of which may ultimately result in sediment delivery into streams or other waterbodies. To properly design, build, drain and maintain forest roads, the following BMPs are provided.



## BMPs for Forest Roads

Road P lanning

• Carefully plan the location and the desired drainage features before construction, using soil survey maps, topographic maps and aerial photographs.

• Plan construction activities for dry periods.

• New road construction is not permitted within the Special Management Zone, except for stream crossings.

• Minimize stream and wetland crossings. Roads will be less costly to build and maintain, equipment “down time” will be reduced and the water resource will be protected.

Road C onstruction

• Avoid construction operations during wet conditions - If possible, complete construction several months before heavy usage. This will reduce surface scour and decrease sediment transport.

• Balance cuts and fills to maximize use of local material and to maximize roadbed stability.

• To reduce both road costs and disturbed surface area, minimize the road width consistent with the anticipated type and amount of traffic.

• For fill road construction, keep road shoulders at a gentle slope to minimize erosion and accelerate revegetation.

• Stabilize road banks and critical road segments using mulch, seed and fertilizer, or other methods to keep the road from washing and to keep sediment out of streams (Appendix 6).

Road D rainage

• Drain road systems using culverts, cross ditches, turnouts, etc., to encourage long term stability, reduce maintenance, and protect water quality (Appendices 7, 8, and 9). 

# Application of BMPs: Forest Roads Application of BMPs: Sinkholes26 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### • Where applicable, use practices such as turnouts or ditch plugs, to reduce the volume and velocity of ditch flow.

• All road drainage practices that divert ditch flow or road surface runoff,must direct such flow onto vegetated areas where it can be adequately dispersed - do not direct ditch flow or road runoff into streams, lakes or other

waterbodies.

• Use cross-drain culverts on roads where there is a need to direct ditch flow from one side of a road to the other, underneath the road surface.

• Use cross-ditches on roads where there is a need to channel ditch or road surface drainage from one side of the road to the other, over the surface of

the road.

• Base the size of the culvert or cross-ditch on the road ditch size, type and slope of the road and the expected volume of water to be handled during

storm events.

• Use water turnouts to periodically turn ditch flow out and away from the road, and onto an adjacent vegetated area for dispersal of road runoff and sediment. Vegetated areas used for water turnouts must be adequate in size and have sufficient ground cover to assimilate discharges.

• Use broad base dips on permanent roads for dispersion of road surfacedrainage in the absence of road ditches - the use of a broad base dip provides exceptional drainage and virtually unlimited trafficability. This road drainage practice is best suited for new road construction and on especially critical road segments designed for all-weather traffic and heavy use.

• Use water bars for temporary access roads, firelines and skid trails, where a physical barrier is needed to disrupt and disperse runoff and sediment. Since water bars vary from 1 - 3 feet in height, they are generally not suitable for high speed or heavy traffic loads, but can be used to effectively

close a road to vehicular traffic.

Road M aintenance

• All drainage structures should be periodically checked and maintained, especially following excessive rainfall events. If signs of sediment and/or turbid discharges are present, take immediate corrective actions for any problem.

• Ditches and culverts should be kept free of major obstructions and ditches should be allowed to revegetate as much as is practicable.S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 27 

### • Close or restrict traffic on roads whenever possible - this will allow roads to stabilize and revegetate.

• Seeding and fertilizing, mulching or otherwise stabilizing critical segments of temporary and permanent roads will accelerate revegetation, ensure road utility in the future and protect nearby watercourses. Seeding rates and types are listed in Appendix 6.

Note: Spacing recommendations for cross-drain culverts, cross-drain ditches, water turnouts, broad base dips and water bars have been computed for a wide range of road slopes and are provided in Appendix 7. Appendix 8 provides illustrations of the design and installation for each of these drainage practices.28 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### Stream crossings represent the point at which a forest road or skid trail comes in contact with a waterbody. Consequently, some type of planned crossing is necessary to protect water quality. Careful consideration should be given to determining the type of crossing to be used, and in constructing the project. The principal objectives of a stream crossing are to provide a dry surface crossing even during periods of stormflow, and to provide adequate conveyance of flow beneath the road fill so t hat i mpounding o f fl ow d oes n ot

o ccur. BMPs for stream crossings are provided below.



## BMPs for Stream Crossings

In G eneral

• Minimize the number of crossings on a given stream, and cross streams perpendicular to the flow at the most narrow section. This minimizes the area of disturbance and simplifies construction.

• Any erodible fill material or other areas normally exposed to flowing water should be stabilized with rip-rap, vegetation or other appropriate material following construction.

• Avoid planning construction of crossings for wet periods - avoid construction during high water conditions.

Culverts The use of a culvert is the most common method for constructing stream crossings associated with forestry activities. Culverts are well suited for crossing both perennial and intermittent streams as well as other wet areas. However, several other types of stream crossings are also well suited for forestry related stream crossings under certain conditions.

• Place culverts in a section of the stream channel that is relatively straight and free from curves, meandering or major obstructions.

• Place the bottom of the culvert at the same elevation as the bottom of the stream, and at approximately the same slope.

• Keep the height of the entire structure (culvert plus fill) as low as possible to reduce the potential for impounding large areas of water.

• Use a culvert diameter that is sufficient to carry the normal flow expected. Culvert sizing for permanent installations should be based on the size and nature of the stream channel being crossed, or on the size and nature of the watershed above the crossing. Appendix 9 provides two possible methods for determining culvert diameter.

• When crossing broad channels or wetlands, several small culverts, spaced 

# Application of BMPs: Stream CrossingsS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 29 

### throughout the crossing, are normally preferable to a single large one. This arrangement maintains a lower road surface elevation and does not artificially concentrate the flow into one small segment of the channel.

• For temporary stream crossings, a culvert may be sized to reflect seasonal flow conditions. For example, during normally dry periods a small culvert may provide adequate stormflow capacity on a temporary basis. However, a culvert sized under such conditions must be removed immediately followingthe activity, or replaced with a size that will accommodate normal yearround flows.

• Periodically inspect all culverts to prevent clogging, plugging and eventual failure. Remove any debris or sediment deposits that have the potential to cause culvert clogging.

Hard S ur face C rossings Hard surface crossings or fords are commonly used for stream crossings during forestry operations. These crossings consist of lining the stream channel with rock, brick, logs, concrete, or other such material. In some cases, the stream bottom may be naturally armored and may accommodate light traffic

without artificial substrate.

Hard surface crossings may be constructed on both perennial and intermittent streams, and offer some important advantages over culverted crossings. In many cases, a hard surface crossing may cost considerably less than a culvert crossing, depending on the availability of surfacing material. Also, hard surface crossings are virtually maintenance free and normally do not become clogged or plugged because they maintain the natural shape of the stream channel. This is a particularly important feature in areas with beaver populations.

The material used in hard surface crossings is relatively large and stable. Consequently, these type crossings usually do not fail or blow-out the way other structural crossings can. As long as the armoring material does not significantly impound flow or cause erosive currents, these crossings can accommodate normal streamflow while providing good access at very low risk to water quality.

The major disadvantage of hard surface crossings is the limited access during periods of high flow. For that reason, these crossings are best suited for relatively small, well defined channels that tend to have “flashy” stormflow characteristics. Also, hard surface crossings are usually not well suited for high speed, main haul-road applications.

• Use clean material that will not rapidly degrade and that is heavy enough to stay in place during high flow conditions, i.e., lime rock, railroad rock, bricks, etc. 

# Application of BMPs: Stream Crossings30 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### • Do not use asphalt or other petroleum based materials.

• Do not construct a hard surface crossing on streams where the bottom is mucky, muddy or otherwise unstable, or if down-stream water quality standards violations occur under normal operating conditions.

• Do not use logs or logging slash as a permanent hard surface crossing material. Logs may be used to facilitate temporary crossings but must be removed from the channel upon completing the operation.

• Keep the height of the surfacing material at a minimum; hard surface crossings must not significantly restrict normal streamflow.

Note: Make sure that crossings are in compliance with other standards and regulations that apply - all types of stream crossings may be subject to permitting by regulatory agencies.S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 31 

### Timber harvesting activities should be conducted carefully, especially on steeper slopes and near streams, lakes, sinkholes, wetlands or other waterbodies. When harvesting timber in close proximity to a waterbody, follow the specific criteria provided in the Special Management Zone section of

this manual . Depending on conditions, timber harvesting in these areas may be significantly limited.



## BMPs for Timber Harvesting

Skid T rails

• Locate skid trails along the contour whenever practical to promote revegetation and reduce soil erosion. If skidding must be done up or down the slope, the operator should skid uphill and avoid long, continuous skid

trails.

• After skidding activities are complete, stabilize skid trails where necessary by installing water bars or similar structures at recommended intervals - seeding and fertilizing skid trails will accelerate stabilization on erodible soils and/or steep slopes.

• When skidding in muck or peat (organic) soils such as in swamps, bogs or similar wetlands, concentrate skidding to as few trails as possible - this will confine soil compaction to small areas.

• When skidding on mineral soils, such as in uplands, skidding should be dispersed so that soil compaction is minimal even in individual trails.

• Keep main skid trails out of all Special Management Zones except to approach a designated crossing.

• Keep loading decks or landings out of all Special Management Zones. In addition, keep all log bunching points out of the Primary Zone of the SMZ.

Slash D isposal

• Logging slash, such as tops and limbs, which are incidental to timber harvesting activities may be left in place, as long as such material is not left in a waterbody.

• Remove logging slash from all waterbodies including both intermittent and perennial streams, lakes and sinkholes.

• Do not pile or push logging slash into cypress ponds or strands, swamps, marshes, grassy ponds, or waterbodies such as streams, lakes, sinkholes or

similar water resource features. 

# Application of BMPs: Timber Harvesting32 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### Although site preparation activities are part of the reforestation operation, these activities can temporarily create large areas of bare soil. Depending on soil types and slope, mechanical site preparation in particular, may have the potential for significant erosion and sedimentation. For these reasons, mechanical site preparation may be restricted or prohibited near streams, lakes, sinkholes

and other waterbodies. When conducting site preparation activities near surface waters, follow the specific criteria provided in the Special Management Zone section of this manual.



## BMPs for Site Preparation and Planting

• Plan site preparation and planting procedures prior to timber harvesting

activities.

• Select only the site preparation techniques that are necessary to establish seedlings and minimize vegetative competition - do not needlessly disturb the ground surface or expose the topsoil.

• Do not conduct mechanical site preparation within any part of the Special Management Zone.

• Do not conduct intensive mechanical site preparation such as bedding, raking and windrowing in wetlands.

• When chopping, pull chopper perpendicular to a waterbody to orient soil indentations along the contour (not necessary if chopping is followed by bedding or if the waterbody is separated from the chopped area by windrows or a similar barrier to overland flow).

• Arrange windrows and soil beds parallel to a waterbody or wetland in order to provide a barrier to overland flow, prevent concentration of runoff

and reduce erosion.

• When using a blade to shear, push, or pile debris, keep the blade above the soil surface. This will minimize erosion and facilitate rapid site recovery and tree growth.

• Do not pile or push logging slash into cypress ponds or strands, swamps, marshes, grassy ponds, or waterbodies such as streams, lakes or similar

water resource features.

• Do not conduct site preparation burning within the SMZ where slopes are 18% or greater. 

# Application of BMPs: Site Preparation & PlantingS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 33 

### Fireline construction is an integral component of both fire suppression and prescribed burning. However, firelines can result in excessive erosion and water quality degradation. Lines plowed in wetlands can also result in excessive drainage and possibly conversion of wetlands to non-wetland systems. Extra precautions are necessary when constructing firelines near surface waters and

wetlands.



## BMPs for Firelines

• Construct firelines only where necessary, making use of existing barriers such as roads, waterbodies, etc.

• Where possible, use alternatives to plowed lines such as harrowing, foam lines, wet lines or permanent grass.

• Do not plow lines through sensitive areas such as wetlands, marshes, prairies and savannas unless absolutely necessary. Avoid these areas or

use alternative line construction methods.

• Maintain minimum plow depth at all times.

• When crossing waterbodies, raise the equipment to prevent connecting the line directly to the waterbody.

• Do not construct firelines which act as drainage systems, particularly those that might connect or drain isolated wetlands.

• Avoid constructing plowed firelines in the Special Management Zone, particularly the Primary Zone.

• Use water bars, turnouts and/or vegetation to stabilize firelines when erosion and sedimentation might otherwise result.

• When revegetating firelines, use native species when possible.

• Orient firelines along the contour wherever possible to prevent erosion and gullying.

• Do not prescribe burn for site preparation purposes within the Special Management Zone when the slope of the site is 18% or greater (SSCs 5 and 6). Burning for ecological purposes on steep slopes is not restricted. 

# Application of BMPs: Fireline Construction Application of BMPs: Site Preparation & Planting34 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### Pesticide and fertilizer application is a common silvicultural management technique in some areas of Florida. Pesticides and fertilizer are usually applied near tree planting time or shortly after. Occasionally, nitrogen fertilizer and some types of pesticides may be added later in the rotation.

These chemicals generally do not pose a threat to water quality as long as they are applied according to the label and in compliance with the following

BMPs.



## BMPs for Pesticide and Fertilizer Use

Pesticides

• Choose equipment that directs the chemical only to the target area. Misdirected or excessive amounts of pesticides are wasteful, expensive and can pose a serious threat to water quality and aquatic life.

• Do not conduct aerial application, mist blowing or operational application of pesticides (See Glossary) within the Primary Zone of the SMZ.

• Do not leave pesticide containers on site - these should be rinsed and disposed of according to the directions on the label.

• Do not rinse spray equipment or discharge rinse water in waterbodies, wetlands or within the Special Management Zone.

Fertilizer

• Do not conduct aerial application, or operational application of fertilizer (See Glossary) or locate fertilizer transfer/loading areas within the Primary

Zone of the SMZ.

• Whenever practical, apply fertilizer to maximize the uptake of nutrients,which might otherwise move off-site; consider the use of slow release fertilizer when conditions are appropriate.



## Fertilizer Application Limits

Good nutrient management is essential for healthy forest production and environmental protection. The key to success is identifying the needs of target plants and matching fertilization operations to those needs. One way to accomplish this is to develop and implement a nutrient management plan based on soil, water, plant and organic material sample analyses, along with expected or desired timber yields (see Florida Extension Service Circular 1230). This should result in fertilizer application rates that minimize the amount of available nutrients while optimizing growth and yield. 

# Application of BMPs: Pesticide & Fertilizer UseS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 35 

### In addition, it should be understood that not all silviculture strategies require, or can benefit from, forest fertilization. Where forest fertilization is conducted, such operations should be planned and implemented with consultation from a knowledgeable professional, and in accordance with all applicable BMPs or other measures that reduce nutrient delivery to water resources.

To that end, the following BMP represents fertilizer application limits not to be exceeded during forest fertilization operations (these are not recommended rates of application):

Elemental Nitrogen

• N o more than a 1000 lbs/acre over any 20-year period.

• N o more than 250 lbs/acre for any 3-year period.

• N o more than 80 lbs/acre during the first 2-years of newly established plantations.

Elemental Phosphorus

• N o more than 250 lbs/acre over any 20-year period.

• N o more than 80 lbs/acre for any 3-year period.

Note: Some pesticides require the applicator to be certified by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Also, pesticide labels may have additional restrictions for application near open waters or wetlands. Read a nd f ollow t he l abel. Failure to comply with requirements of pesticide labels can result in civil and/or criminal penalties under state and federal law. 

# Application of BMPs: Pesticide & Fertilizer Use36 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### Heavy equipment such as tractors, skidders and large trucks are commonlyused in forestry activities. Consequently, routine maintenance activities including oil changes, often take place at the work site, i.e. “in the woods”. Proper collection and disposal of used oil is necessary to prevent soil and water contamination and to promote oil recycling.

Florida Law prohibits the discharge of pollutants both on the ground and in waterbodies. Pollutants include petroleum products of all kinds, including used oil. The discharge itself and the failure to report the discharge may be subject to penalties under Florida Law and Federal Law. Discharges or spills should be reported in accordance with the requirements of the Department of

Environmental Protection rules.



## BMPs for Waste Disposal

Used O il

• During equipment maintenance, used oil should be collected and stored until properly disposed:

• Do not discharge used oil or other pollutants on the ground, in sinkholes, or in waterbodies of any kind (including wetlands and canals).

• Do not mix used oil with other materials such as degreasing solvents, carburetor cleaners, etc. Such mixing may render the used oil unsuitable for recycling and therefore unacceptable at recycling centers.

Solid W aste

• Do not dispose of solid wastes, such as trash, litter, containers, etc. into waterbodies of any kind.

• Remove trash, litter and other solid wastes from project areas. In particular, remove and properly dispose of all chemical containers, hydraulic fluid and oil containers, oil filters, batteries, and tires.

Note: For information concerning oil spill reporting requirements, contact the local Department of Environmental Protection office.

Note: Most counties in Florida maintain a used oil collection facility which will accept used oil and hydraulic fluid. Contact your County Landfill Operation for the nearest location of such a facility. 

# Application of BMPs: Waste DisposalS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 37 

### Creek and river floodplains and isolated wetlands are periodically inundated, which can result in large areas of flowing and/or “standing” water. Heavy equipment operation, such as skidding, in flowing water or in standing water that is contiguous with nearby flowing water is likely to cause the discharge of sediment or turbid runoff into waters of the State. Discharges of this nature can cause numerous problems to the water resource and may also constitute a State water quality standards violation.

In addition, heavy equipment operation during flooded or saturated soil conditions can cause excessive rutting, which may result in significant soil compaction. If such rutting is widespread, overall reforestation of the site may be severely limited.

The b est a lternative f or l ogging d uring w et w eather c onditions i s t o p ostpone
the o peration u ntil d rier c onditions p revail. H owever, w hen o perations

m ust b e c onducted, t he f ollowing B MPs a pply.



## BMPs for Wet Weather Operations

• Avoid heavy equipment operations, especially skidding, during flooded or wet soil conditions. Under certain conditions, special low-ground pressure equipment or other alternatives to conventional skidding may be necessary.

• Do not operate heavy equipment, especially skidders, in floodplains when they are flooded or during conditions of flowing or standing floodwater.

• Minimize skidder and other heavy equipment operation in wetlands during wet conditions to avoid widespread excessive soil rutting. Although some minor rutting may occur in a typical wetland harvesting operation, skidders and other heavy equipment operation should be planned for dry seasons and/or dry periods as much as possible.

• Confine skid trails to as small an area as possible when working in organic or muck soils, especially during wet conditions.

Note: Wet weather forestry operations have the potential for creating water quality standards violations. Such operations that generate an offsite discharge of visibly turbid water above natural background levels, are likely to be in violation of State water quality standards.



# Application of BMPs: Wet Weather Operations Application of BMPs: Waste Disposal38 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### In the event of a wildfire, insect or disease epidemic, or other natural catastrophe, a Best Management Practice may be temporarily relaxed to aid fire suppression, to conduct appropriate salvage techniques, and to promoterapid site recovery. Harvesting guidelines which apply to the Special Management Zone may be relaxed to allow salvage of damaged or downed timber.



## BMPs During Emergencies

Wildfire

• Firelines, road construction and stream crossings will be unrestricted during emergencies, but stabilized according to Best Management Practices following the salvage and revegetation process (see Fireline Construction section).

• When necessary, mechanical site preparation techniques may be conducted within the Special Management Zone to help return the site to a productive, protective condition.

Insect a nd D isease

• During insect or disease epidemics, appropriate pesticides and/or harvesting may be used within the Special Management Zone to protect and maintain the health of the affected and surrounding forest. 

# Application of BMPs: Emergency OperationsS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 39 

### 1 SMZ W idths/Site M anagement R ecommendations ( SSC)......................40

2 Soil E rodibility/K-Factors o f F lorida S oils..............................................58

3 Guide f or E stimating K -Factors a nd S lope C ategory.............................62

4 OFWs, O NRWs, C lass I W aters o f F lorida.............................................64

5 Wetland T ypes..........................................................................................89

6 Seedling R ates f or V egetative S tabilization...........................................90

7 Spacing f or R oad D rainage S tructures...................................................91

8 Road D rainage D esign I llustrations.......................................................92

9 Culvert S izing T ables..............................................................................98

10 Special M anagement Z one A creage C alculations.................................104

11 Exceptions t o P rimary Z one M anagement C riteria............................. 105

12 Division o f F orestry F ield O ffices......................................................... 108

13 Florida W ater M anagement D istrict O ffices.........................................110

14 U.S. A rmy C orp o f E ngineers O ffices....................................................111 

# Appendice s40 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC A1

3 5 3 5

n one 3 5

n one 7 5

n one 2 00

n one 2 00

3 5 3 5

n one 3 5

n one 2 00

3 5 3 5

n one 3 5

n one
2 00

n one

2 50

2 50



### A1S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 41 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC A2

4 5 4 5

1 0 4 5

n one 7 5

n one 2 00

n one 2 00

4 5 4 5

1 0 4 5

n one 2 00

4 5 4 5

1 0 4 5

2 00

1 20

1 80

1 35

1 35



### A242 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 6 0 6 0

2 5 6 0

n one 7 5

n one 2 00

n one 2 00

6 0 6 0

2 5 6 0

n one 2 00

6 0 6 0

2 5 3 5

1 50

1 00

1 40

8 0

8 0



### A3 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC A3S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 43 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

2 25 3 00

1 00 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 25

7 5

1 25

6 0

6 0



### A4 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC A444 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

2 25 3 00

1 00 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00

5 0

1 20

4 5

4 5



### A5 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC A5S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 45 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

2 25 3 00

1 00 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

7 5

4 0

1 10

3 0

3 0



### A6 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC A646 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 5 3 5

n one 3 5

n one 7 5

n one 2 00

n one 2 00

3 5 3 5

n one 3 5

n one 2 00

3 5 3 5

n one 3 5

n one
1 50

n one

2 50

2 50



### B1 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC B1S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 47 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 6 0 6 0

2 5 6 0

n one 7 5

n one 2 00

n one 2 00

6 0 6 0

2 5 6 0

n one 2 00

6 0 6 0

2 5 6 0

2 00

1 20

1 80

1 35

1 35



### B2 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC B248 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 7 5 7 5

4 0 7 5

n one 7 5

n one 2 00

n one 2 00

7 5 7 5

4 0 7 5

n one 2 00

7 5 7 5

4 0 7 5

1 50

1 00

1 40

8 0

8 0



### B3 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC B3S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 49 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

2 25 3 00

1 00 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 25

7 5

1 25

6 0

6 0



### B4 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC B450 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

2 25 3 00

1 00 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00

5 0

1 20

4 5

4 5



### B5 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC B5S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 51 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

2 25 3 00

1 00 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

7 5

4 0

1 10

3 0

3 0



### B6 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC B652 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 5 3 5

n one 3 5

n one 7 5

n one 2 00

n one 2 00

3 5 3 5

n one 3 5

n one 2 00

3 5 3 5

n one 3 5

n one
1 50

n one

2 50

2 50



### C1 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC C1S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 53 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 6 0 6 0

2 5 6 0

n one 7 5

n one 2 00

n one 2 00

6 0 6 0

2 5 6 0

n one 2 00

6 0 6 0

2 5 6 0

2 00

1 20

1 80

1 35

1 35



### C2 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC C254 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 8 0 8 0

4 5 8 0

5 8 0

n one 2 00

n one 2 00

8 0 8 0

4 5 8 0

n one 2 00

8 0 8 0

4 5 8 0

1 50

1 00

1 40

8 0

8 0



### C3 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC C3S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 55 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

2 25 3 00

1 00 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 25

7 5

1 25

6 0

6 0



### C4 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC C456 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

2 25 3 00

1 00 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00

5 0

1 20

4 5

4 5



### C5 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC C5S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 57 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (Each Side)

Stream Class P rimary (ft.) S econdary (ft.) T otal SMZ (ft.)

STREAMS

Intermittent (All) S tringer

P erennial (0-20 ft.) 3 5

P erennial (20-40 ft.) 7 5

P erennial (40+ ft.) 2 00

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

LAKES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

O FW, ONRW, Class I Waters 2 00

SINKHOLES

Intermittent S tringer

P erennial 3 5

ROAD CONSTRUCTION and MAINTENANCE DRAINAGE RECOMMENDATIONS

S tructure Z one Width (ft.) T reatments Allowed S pacing (ft.)

Permanent Roads 0 -300 C ulvert or Cross Ditch

W ater Turnouts

B road-base Dips

T

emp. Roads/Skid Trails 0 -300 W ater Bars

F irelines 0 -300 W ater Bars

SITE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION (SSC) INDEX

S lope %

0 -2 3 -7 8 -12 1 3-17 1 8-22 2 2+

L ow < 0.20 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6

M oderate 0 .21 - 0.27 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6

H igh > 0.28 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Soil Erodibility K -Factor 3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

2 25 3 00

1 00 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

1 00 3 00

3 00 3 00

2 65 3 00

7 5

4 0

1 10

3 0

3 0



### C6 

# Appendix 1 Site Management Recommendations • SSC C658 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

# Appendix 2 Soils

Soil Erodibility Category A

Category	 Soil N ame	 K-Factor

A Adamsville	 0.10

A Alachua 0.17

A Alaga 0.17

A Alapaha 0.17

A Albany 0.17

A Alpin 0.10

A Americus	 0.17

A Anclote 0.17

A Apopka 0.17

A Arredondo	 0.17

A Arzell 0.10

A Astatula 0.15

A Astor 0.17

A Barth 0.17

A Basinger	 0.10

A Bibb 0.20

A Blanton 0.17

A Blichton 0.20

A Boca 0.20

A Bonifay 0.17

A Bradenton	 0.20

A Broward 0.17

A Canaveral	 0.15

A Candler 0.10

A Cassia 0.15

A Chaires 0.10

A Charlotte	 0.15

A Chiefland	 0.15 Category	 Soil N ame	 K-Factor

A Chipley 0.17

A Cocoa 0.17

A Copeland	 0.17

A Dade 0.17

A Delks 0.17

A Delray 0.17

A Eaton 0.17

A Eau G allie	 0.17

A Electra 0.15

A Ellabelle	 0.17

A Elred 0.17

A Eulonia 0.20

A Eustis 0.17

A Evinston	 0.15

A Felda 0.17

A Floridana	 0.17

A Fort D rum	 0.20

A Fort M eade	 0.17

A Fox W orth	 0.17

A Fuquay 0.20

A Gainesville	 0.17

A Goldboro	 0.20

A Hague 0.17

A Hallandale	 0.17

A Holopaw	 0.15

A Huckabee	 0.17

A Hurricane	 0.10

A Immokalee	 0.15S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 59 

### Category	 Soil N ame	 K-Factor

A Johns 0.20

A Jonesville	 0.17

A Jumper 0.20

A Jupiter 0.17

A Kalmia 0.20

A Kanapaha	 0.15

A Kendrick	 0.17

A Kennansville	 0.15

A Keri 0.17

A Kershaw	 0.15

A Klej 0.15

A	 Klej ( Shallow V ariant)	 0.17

A Kureb 0.17

A Lake 0.15

A Lakeland	 0.17

A Lakewood	 0.15

A Leefield 0.20

A Leon 0.20

A Lochloosa	 0.20

A Lucy 0.17

A Lutterloh	 0.10

A Lynn H aven	 0.20

A Lynne 0.20

A Magnolia	 0.20

A Malabar 0.20

A Manatee	 0.20

A Margate 0.17

A Marlboro	 0.20

A Mascotte	 0.20 Category	 Soil N ame	 K-Factor

A Matmon 0.20

A Maxton 0.20

A Micanopy	 0.20

A Myakka 0.20

A Newnan 0.10

A Ochopee 0.17

A Ocilla 0.17

A Oldsmar 0.20

A Olustee 0.20

A Ona 0.20

A Orlando 0.15

A Orsino 0.17

A Ortega 0.10

A Osier 0.15

A Otela 0.10

A Palm B each	 0.15

A Paola 0.15

A Parkwood	 0.20

A Pedro 0.17

A Pelham 0.20

A Pineda 0.17

A Pinellas 0.17

A Placid 0.17

A Plummer	 0.17

A Poarch 0.20

A Pomello 0.17

A Pomona 0.20

A Pompano	 0.15

A Portsmouth	 0.1760 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### Category	 Soil N ame	 K-Factor

A Red B ay 0.20

A Ridgeland	 0.20

A Rimini 0.10

A Riviera 0.17

A Rutlege 0.17

A Satellite 0.15

A Scranton	 0.15

A Sellers 0.15

A Smyrna 0.10

A Sparr 0.16

A St J ohns	 0.20

A St L ucie 0.15

A Stilson 0.20 Category	 Soil N ame	 K-Factor

A Surrency	 0.20

A Tavares 0.17

A Tifton 0.20

A Toole 0.10

A Troup 0.17

A Valkaria 0.15

A Wabasso 0.20

A Wacahoota	 0.20

A Wagram 0.15

A Wauchula	 0.20

A Welaka 0.15

A Winder 0.20

A Zuber 0.20

Category	 Soil N ame	 K-Factor

B Archer 0.24

B Ardilla 0.24

B Boardman	 0.24

B Bowie 0.24

B Bushnell	 0.24

B Carnegie	 0.24

B Chobee 0.24

B Cowarts 0.24

B Coxville 0.24

B Cuthbert	 0.24

B Elmeralda	 0.24 Category	 Soil N ame	 K-Factor

B Eureka 0.24

B Greenville	 0.24

B	 Hannahatchee	 0.24

B Myatt 0.24

B Notcher 0.24

B Panasoffkee	 0.24

B Pantego 0.24

B Peace R iver	 0.24

B Rains 0.24

B Savannah	 0.24

B Sunsweet	 0.24

B	 Weston, d ark s ubsoil	 0.24 

## Soil Erodibility Category BS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 61 

## Soil Erodibility Category C

Category	 Soil N ame	 K-Factor

C Angie 0.32

C Bayboro 0.43

C Binnsville	 0.37

C Bladen 0.32

C Blakely 0.37

C Bluff 0.37

C Congaree	 0.32

C Dothan 0.28

C Dunbar 0.28

C Duplin 0.32

C Esto 0.32

C Faceville	 0.32

C Fellowship	 0.28

C Flamingo	 0.37

C Flemington	 0.32

C Grady 0.37

C Gritney 0.32

C Hialeah 0.37

C Iberia 0.37 Category	 Soil N ame	 K-Factor

C Irvington	 0.32

C Izagora 0.32

C Leaf 0.49

C Lynchburg	 0.28

C Martel 0.28

C Meggett 0.32

C Norfolk 0.28

C Okitibbeha	 0.32

C Orangeburg	 0.28

C Paisley 0.32

C Pansey 0.32

C Perrine 0.32

C Ruston 0.28

C Sawyer 0.37

C Shubuta 0.28

C Stough 0.28

C Susquehanna	 0.28

C Vaucluse	 0.28

C Wahee 0.43

Brighton	 Montverde	 Pamlico

Canova	 Ocoee	 Plantation

Dania	 Okeechobee	 Sanibel

Dorovan	 Okeelanta	 Terra C eia Everglades	 Oklawaha	 Tomoka

Lauderhill	 Pahokee	 Torry

Micco 

## Not Applicable - Organic Soils62 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 

### Hydrologic Soil Group

A B C D

Soil Surface Texture E stimated Soil Factor

Clays 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.37 Clay L oams 0.28 0.32 0.37 0.43

Loams 0.32 0.37 0.43 0.49 Sandy L oams 0.20 0.24 0.32 0.37

Sands 0.15-0.17	 0.20 0.24 0.28

Group A Soils h aving h igh i nfiltration r ates w hen t horoughly w etted.

T hese c onsist c hiefly o f d eep, w ell-to-excessively d rained

s ands o r g ravels w ith a h igh r ate o f w ater t ransmission w hich

p roduces a l ow s urface r unoff p otential. T he e ntire s olum h as

a v ery l ow c ontent o f c lay a nd t ypically i ncludes l oose s ands

t hrough l oamy s andy s oils.

Group B Soils h aving m oderate i nfiltration r ates w hen t horoughly

w etted. T hese c onsist c hiefly o f m oderately d eep t o d eep,

m oderately w ell-to-well d rained s oils w ith m oderately fi ne t o

m oderately c oarse t extures. T hese s oils h ave a m oderate r ate

o f w ater t ransmission.

Group C Soils h aving s low i nfiltration r ates w hen t horoughly w etted.

T hese s oils c onsist o f t wo g roups; ( 1) t hose w ith m oderately

fi ne t o fi ne t exture a nd a s low i nfiltration r ate o r, ( 2) t hose

w ith a l ayer t hat i mpedes t he d ownward m ovement o f w ater.

B oth g roups r esults i n a s low r ate o f w ater t ransmission.

T hese s oils a re “ heavy”, a nd r ange f rom s ilt l oams t hrough t he

s ilty c lay l oams.

Group D Soils h aving v ery s low i nfiltration r ates w hen t horoughly

w etted. T hese s oils c onsist o f ( 1) c lay s oils w ith a c lay p an o f

c lay l ayer a t o f n ear t he s urface o f t he g round o r, ( 2) s hallow

s oils o verlaying n early i mpervious m aterials. 

# Appendix 3 Guide for Estimating Soil K-FactorsS i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 63 

### Estimating Slope from Topographic Map Contours

S lope N umber of Contour Lines within a 300 ft. Zone

Category	 Average % 5 f t. C ontours 10 f t. C ontours

1 0% 0 0

2% 1

-

3% 2 1

2 5% 3

-

7% 4 2

8% 5

-

3 10% 6 3

12% 7

-

13% 8 4

4 15% 9

-

17% 10 5

18% 11

-

5 20% 12 6

22% 13

-

6 23% 14 7 

# Appendix 3 Guide for Estimating Slope Category