Glossary

Glossary Glossary 

Access - the ability of public land visitors to reach the areas they wish to visit. - the ability of public land visitors to reach the areas they wish to visit. 

Acre - a unit of area used in land measurement, equal to 43,560 square feet. There are 640 

acres in one square mile. acres in one square mile. 

Allotment - a specific portion of public land allocated for livestock grazing, typically 

with identifiable or fenced boundaries and permiĴed for a specified number of livestock. estock. 

Allotment Management Plan (AMP) - a BLM document that directs the management of 

livestock grazing on a specific area of public land. c area of public land. 

Andesite - volcanic rock with a silicon dioxide (SiO2) composition between 52 and 63 

percent by weight. Its color is gray to black and it erupts at temperatures between 900 

and 1100 C. and 1100 C. 

Animal Unit Month (AUM) - the amount of forage required to sustain one cow and calf 

for one month. for one month. 

Archaeological Sites - geographic locations that contain the material remains of 

prehistoric and/or historic human activity. 

Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC) - a type of special land use designation 

specified within the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) used to protect 

areas with important resource values in need of special management. alues in need of special management. 

Area of Traditional Cultural Significance - for the purposes of this plan, those locations 

used by Indian people to maintain their values, beliefs, and cultural identity, including, 

but not limited to, traditional plant collecting areas, fishing stations, or places for 

practicing traditional religious beliefs. practicing traditional religious beliefs. 

At-risk archaeological resources - those archaeological sites and materials that are 

threatened by natural forces (e.g., flood, drought, erosion, fire), or by adverse impacts 

related to unauthorized human activities. related to unauthorized human activities. 

Basalt - a dark-colored volcanic rock with less than 52% silicon dioxide by weight. Its 

temperature when erupting ranges from 1100 to 1250 ̊C. Basalt is less viscous (more 

fluid) than andesite and rhyolite and is capable of flowing several tens of kilometers. eral tens of kilometers. 

Biodiversity (Biological Diversity) – the variety and variability among living organisms 

and the ecological complexes in which they occur. 

Biomass - dry weight of organic maĴer in plants and animals in an ecosystem, both 

above and below ground. e and below ground. 

Biotic - living. - living. - living. 

Best Management Practices (BMPs) - a set of practices which, when applied during 

implementation of management actions, ensures that negative impacts to natural 

resources are minimized. BMPs are applied based on site-specific evaluations and 

represent the most effective and practical means to achieve management goals for a given 

site. 

Broad Scale - a large, regional area, such as a riv - a large, regional area, such as a river basin, and typically a multi-state area. er basin, and typically a multi-state area. 

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Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan

Broadcast Burning - burning natural fuels as they are, with no piling or windrowing. - burning natural fuels as they are, with no piling or windrowing. - burning natural fuels as they are, with no piling or windrowing. 

Bureau of Land Management (BLM) - government agency with the mandate to manage 

Federal lands under its jurisdiction for multiple uses. Federal lands under its jurisdiction for multiple uses. 

Bureau Tracking Species (TS) - Species for which more information is needed to 

determine status within the state or which no longer need active management. Districts 

are encouraged to collect occurrence data to enable an early warning for species which 

may become threatened or endangered in the future. Until status of such species changes 

to federal or state listed, candidate or assessment species, “tracking species” will not be 

considered as special status species for management purposes. considered as special status species for management purposes. 

Candidate Species - any species included in the Federal Register Notice of Review that 

are being considered for listing as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service. Service. 

Cinder - a frothy form of basalt formed by expanding gases during an eruption. - a frothy form of basalt formed by expanding gases during an eruption. - a frothy form of basalt formed by expanding gases during an eruption. 

Cinder Cone - a cone-shaped volcano created by the accumulation of cinders around a 

vent, formed as an individual volcano or in groups on the flanks of larger volcanoes. olcanoes. 

Cinnabar - mercury sulfi - mercury sulfide, an ore of mercury. 

Collaboration - a formalized process of identifying and involving interactive participants 

in different parts of the analysis process. Collaboration is expected to result in some level 

of informed consent by all participants concerning the issues and range of alternatives. 

For the purposes of this plan, that is intended to include members both exempt from and 

subject to the Federal subject to the Federal Advisory CommiĴee Act. 

Common Use Area – a generally broad geographic area from which BLM can make 

disposals of mineral materials to many persons, with only negligible surface disturbance. 

The use is dispersed throughout the area. The use is dispersed throughout the area. 

Communication Site - (1) a hilltop or favorable signal receiving and transmiĴing location 

where a collection of facilities are sited; (2) a facility consisting of a small building 

and tower, used for transmission or reception of radio, television, telephone or other 

electronic signals. electronic signals. 

Communities at Risk – areas where homes and wildlands intermix, identified by the 

National Fire Plan to receive funding for projects designed to reduce potential for 

catastrophic fire. 

Community Pit – a relatively small, defined area from which BLM can make disposals of 

mineral materials to many persons. The surface disturbance is usually extensive in the 

confined area. ned area. 

Connectivity (of habitats) - the linkage of similar but spatially separated vegetative 

stands (such as mature forests) by patches, corridors, or “stepping stones” of like 

vegetation across the landscape; also, the degree to which similar landscapes are so 

linked (PNW GTR-328, 1994). linked (PNW GTR-328, 1994). 

Consultation - formal and informal consultation as defined by laws such as the National 

Historic Preservation and Endangered Species Acts. Also, any input formally requested 

for analysis purposes from any internal or external source. for analysis purposes from any internal or external source. 

176 
Glossary

Cultural Resource - material or non-material aspects of human culture which are 

significant to living cultures, including groups maintaining and preserving their 

traditions, and academic researchers such as anthropologists and historians. traditions, and academic researchers such as anthropologists and historians. 

Disturbance - any event which alters the structure, composition, or function of terrestrial 

or aquatic habitats (PNW GTR-328, 1994). or aquatic habitats (PNW GTR-328, 1994). 

Ecological Site Inventory (ESI) - the basic inventory of present and potential vegetation 

of BLM rangelands. Ecological sites are differentiated on the basis of soil type and kind, 

proportion, or amount of plant species. proportion, or amount of plant species. 

Ecosystem - a spatially explicit, relatively homogeneous unit of the earth that includes all 

interacting organisms and components of the abiotic environment within its boundaries. 

An ecosystem can be of any size; e.g., a log, pond, field, forest, or the earth’s biosphere. s biosphere. 

Ecosystem Health - a condition where the parts and functions of an ecosystem are 

sustained over time. The system’s capacity for self-repair is maintained such that goals 

for uses, values, and services of the ecosystem are met. Also includes forest health, 

rangeland health, and aquatic system health. rangeland health, and aquatic system health. 

Ecosystem Management - the use of a “whole-landscape” approach to achieve multipleuse management of public lands by blending the needs of people and environmental 

values in such a way that these lands represent diverse, healthy, productive, and 

sustainable ecosystems. sustainable ecosystems. 

Endangered Species - any species defined under the Endangered Species Act as being 

in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. Listings are 

published in the Federal Register. 

Environmental Assessment (EA) - one type of document prepared by Federal agencies 

in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) that portrays the 

environmental consequences of proposed Federal actions that are not expected to have 

significant impacts on the human environment. cant impacts on the human environment. 

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) - one type of document prepared by Federal 

agencies in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) that portrays 

the environmental consequences of proposed major Federal actions that are expected to 

have significant impacts on the human environment (see EA, above). 

Ephemeral Stream - a stream, or reach of a stream, that flows only in direct response to 

precipitation. It receives no continuous supply from melting snow or other source, and 

its channel is above the water table at all times. ater table at all times. 

Erosion (accelerated) - erosion much more rapid than geologic erosion, mainly as a result 

of human or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature, e.g., fire that exposes the 

surface. surface. 

Fire Regime - the frequency, predictability, intensity, seasonality, and extent 

characteristics of fires in an ecosystem. res in an ecosystem. 

FLPMA (Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976) - a law mandating that the 

Bureau of Land Management manage lands under its jurisdiction for multiple uses. Bureau of Land Management manage lands under its jurisdiction for multiple uses. 

Fire Management Plan (FMP) - a strategic plan that defines a program to manage 

wildland and prescribed fires and documents the Fire Management Program in the 

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Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan

approved land use plan. The plan is supplemented by operational procedures such as 

preparedness plans, preplanned dispatch plans, prescribed fire plans and prevention 

plans. 

Forestland - land stocked with at least 10 percent live trees or land formerly having such 

tree cover and not currently developed for non-forest use. eloped for non-forest use. 

Ground Water - water filling all the unblocked pores of the material below the water 

table. 

Habitat Fragmentation - the spliĴing or isolating of patches of similar habitat, typically 

forest cover (but could also apply to grass fields, shrub patches, and other habitats). elds, shrub patches, and other habitats). 

Habitat can be fragmented from natural conditions, such as thin or variable soils, or 

from management activities or development such as clear-cut logging, agriculture, or 

residential development. elopment. 

Historic Condition - as used in this text, the condition of lands and ecosystems prior to 

European seĴlement. In central Oregon, European seĴlement occurred during the period 

from approximately 1850s to 1900. An approximation of these conditions is drawn 

from wriĴen and photographic accounts from the period and is used to determine the 

range of variability for plant and animal species across a landscape (Ochoco NF Viable 

Ecosystems Management Guide, 1994). Ecosystems Management Guide, 1994). 

Historic Range of Variability (HRV) - the typical fluctuations of processes or functions, 

and the typical proportions of ecosystem elements in an area over a period of time when 

the ecosystem was not significantly affected by European seĴlement and management. 

HRV is the amplitude or minimum-maximum ranges of “natural” conditions. V is the amplitude or minimum-maximum ranges of “natural” conditions. 

Hunting – For the purposes of this plan, to take or aĴempt to take any wildlife by means 

involving the use of a weapon or with the assistance of any mammal or bird (ORS 496.004 

(10)). 

Instant Study Area (ISA) – A designation of all primitive or natural areas formally 

identified prior to November 1, 1975, that were to be studied for wilderness suitability 

and recommended to the President by July 1, 1980 as mandated under Section 603 of 

FLPMA. 

Information Sharing - a process designed to keep everyone informed about what is 

happening in the planning effort. This includes but is not limited to published material 

on a variety of media, and management and public briefings and/or presentations. ngs and/or presentations. 

Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary - involving more than one discipline discipline or resource resource management management program. program. 

IntermiĴent Stream - a stream, or reach of a stream, that flows for prolonged periods 

only when it receives groundwater discharge or long, continued contributions from 

melting snow or other surface and shallow subsurface sources. melting snow or other surface and shallow subsurface sources. 

Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project(ICBEMP) - a project 

conducted during the 1990s and early 2000s examining the effects (on a large, regional 

scale) of past and present land use activities on the Interior Columbia River Basin 

ecosystem and a small part of the Great Basin ecosystem. ecosystem and a small part of the Great Basin ecosystem. 

Issue - an opportunity, conflict, or problem about use or management of public land 

resources. The resolution of issues is the basis for preparing the resource management 

plan. 

178 
 

Glossary

Landscape - all the natural features which distinguish one part of the land from another. 

A spatially heterogeneous area with repeating paĴerns, similar climate, and landform, 

and the associated disturbance regimes. and the associated disturbance regimes. 

Lava Tube - a cave formed by the draining of molten lava from a channel covered by a 

surficial crust. cial crust. 

Leasable Minerals – minerals that may be leased to private interests by the Federal 

government and includes oil, gas, geothermal, coal, and sodium compounds. ernment and includes oil, gas, geothermal, coal, and sodium compounds. 

Lek – an area used by sage grouse for courtship and mating. – an area used by sage grouse for courtship and mating. – an area used by sage grouse for courtship and mating. 

LiĴer - the dead remains of plants, usually lying on the soil surface. - the dead remains of plants, usually lying on the soil surface. - the dead remains of plants, usually lying on the soil surface. 

Locatable Minerals - minerals subject to exploration, development, and disposal by 

staking mining claims as authorized by the Mining Law of 1872, as amended. This 

includes deposits of gold, silver, and other uncommon minerals not subject to lease or 

sale. 

Management Concern - procedures or land-use allocations that do not constitute issues 

but, through the RMP/EIS preparation process, are recognized as needing to be modified 

or needing decisions made regarding management direction. or needing decisions made regarding management direction. 

Management Opportunities - a component of the analysis of the management situation; 

actions or management directions that could be taken to resolve issues or management 

concerns. concerns. 

Microbiotic Crusts - lichens, mosses, green algae, fungi, cyanobacteria, and bacteria 

growing on or just below the surface of soils. growing on or just below the surface of soils. 

Mineral Estate - refers to the ownership of minerals at or beneath the surface of the land. - refers to the ownership of minerals at or beneath the surface of the land. - refers to the ownership of minerals at or beneath the surface of the land. 

Mitigating Measures - modifications of actions that (a) avoid impacts by not taking 

a certain action or parts of an action, (b) minimize impacts by limiting the degree 

or magnitude of the action and its implementation, (c) rectify impacts by repairing, 

rehabilitating, or restoring the affected environment, (d) reduce or eliminate impacts 

over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the action, or (e) 

compensate for impacts by replacing or providing substitute resources or environments. compensate for impacts by replacing or providing substitute resources or environments. 

Monitoring and Evaluation - the collection and analysis of data to evaluate the progress 

and effectiveness of on-the-ground actions in meeting resource management goals and 

objectives. 

Multiple Use – the management of public land and its resources to best meet various 

present and future needs of the American people. This means coordinated management 

of resources and uses. of resources and uses. 

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) - a law requiring all Federal 

agencies to evaluate the impacts of proposed major Federal actions with respect to their 

significance on the human environment. cance on the human environment. 

Noxious Weed - a plant specified by law as being especially undesirable, troublesome, 

and difficult to control. cult to control. 

National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) - established by Congress with the passage 

of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, an ever increasing, formal list of sites 

that are culturally significant according to specific criteria. c criteria. 

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Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan

National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) - an area administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service for the purpose of managing certain fish or wildlife species. sh or wildlife species. 

Obsidian - a volcanic glass with a bulk composition equivalent to that of rhyolite except 

that obsidian has lower water content. ater content. 

Occupancy - The taking, maintaining, or holding possession of a camp or residence on 

public land either by personal presence or leaving property at the location. public land either by personal presence or leaving property at the location. 

Off Highway Vehicle (OHV) - unless otherwise stated, this generally refers to Class I allterrain vehicles, Class II full width four-wheel drive vehicles, and Class III motorcycles. ehicles, and Class III motorcycles. 

Old-growth - old forest oĞen containing several canopy layers, variety in tree sizes and 

species, decadent old trees, standing and down dead woody material (PNW GTR-328, 

1994). 

Overstory - the upper canopy lay - the upper canopy layer; the plants below comprise the understory. 

Patch - an area of v - an area of vegetation with homogeneous composition and structure. egetation with homogeneous composition and structure. 

Perennial Stream - a stream that flows continuously. Perennial streams are generally 

associated with a water table in the localities through which they flow. 

Planning Area – the area containing all BLM-administered lands that would be managed 

under the UDRMP. 

Preferred Alternative or Plan - the alternative plan in the DraĞ EIS that the agency has 

initially selected that best fulfills the agency’s statutory mission and responsibilities and 

offers the most acceptable resolution of the planning issues and management concerns. ers the most acceptable resolution of the planning issues and management concerns. 

Prescribed Fire - the introduction of fire to an area under regulated conditions for 

specific management purposes (usually vegetation manipulation). egetation manipulation). 

Prescribed Natural Fire – a fire caused by lightning for which minimal to no suppression 

action is taken if it is under pre-determined conditions and within acceptable parameters. 

Prescribed natural fire is used to accomplish certain resource objectives. 

Pressure Ridge - a ridge formed during inflation of a basalt flow, oĞen having one or 

more prominent tension cracks along the ridge axis. more prominent tension cracks along the ridge axis. 

Primary Wildlife Emphasis - designates that wildlife is one of the most important 

management considerations for an area. Areas allocated to primary emphasis are 

intended to benefit wildlife and retain high wildlife use by applying specific guidelines 

(see Chapter 2). (see Chapter 2). 

Proper Functioning Condition (PFC) - adequate vegetation, land form, or large woody 

debris present to dissipate stream or wave energy, filter sediment and capture bedload, 

improve flood water retention, develop root masses that stabilize stream banks, islands 

and shorelines, develop channel characteristics to provide habitat for aquatic species, 

support greater biodiversity, reduce erosion, and improve water quality (USDI, 1998). ater quality (USDI, 1998). 

Public Land - any land or interest in land owned by the United States and administered 

by the Secretary of the Interior through the Bureau of Land Management. by the Secretary of the Interior through the Bureau of Land Management. 

180 
 

 

Glossary

Public Participation - a process designed to inform and involve all people and 

organizations not otherwise involved in the planning effort through Consultation, 

Cooperation, or Collaboration. Involvement includes opportunities to comment on 

preliminary and draĞ published materials, general public information or comment 

meetings, and periodic receipt of update material. meetings, and periodic receipt of update material. 

Pumice - a frothy, lightweight form of volcanic glass formed from expanding gasses in a 

rhyolite magma. olite magma. 

Recreation and Public Purposes Act (R&PP Act) - an act passed by Congress which 

allows state and local governments and nonprofit organizations to lease and eventually 

acquire title to public lands for recreational or community expansion and other public 

purposes. The act was passed in recognition of the strong public need for a nationwide 

system of parks and historic preservation areas along with lands for other public 

purposes such as schools, fire houses, law enforcement facilities, municipal facilities, land 

fills, hospitals, and fairgrounds. lls, hospitals, and fairgrounds. 

Resilience – 1) the ability of a system to respond to disturbances. Resiliency is one of 

the properties that enable the system to persist in many different states or successional 

stages; 2) in human communities, refers to the ability of a community to respond to 

externally induced changes such as larger economic forces. externally induced changes such as larger economic forces. 

Research Natural Area (RNA) - an area of significant scientific interest that is designated 

to protect its resource values for scientific research and study. Under current BLM 

policy, these areas must meet the relevance and importance criteria of ACECs and are 

designated as designated as ACECs. 

Resource Area - the “on-the-ground” management unit of the Bureau of Land 

Management comprised of BLM-administered land within a specific geographic area. c geographic area. 

Resource Management Plan (RMP) - current generation of land use plans developed 

by the BLM under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act. Replaces the older 

generation Management Framework Plans. Provides long-term (up to 20 years) direction 

for the management of a particular area of land, usually corresponding to a BLM 

resource area, and its resources. resource area, and its resources. 

Restoration - as used in this text, vegetative treatments used to modify an ecosystem 

and designed to return plant and animal communities toward a condition and level of 

functioning that existed prior to human disturbance or influence. 

Rhyolite - a light colored volcanic rock with a silicon dioxide composition greater than 

68% by weight. It commonly exhibits flow banding and its temperature when erupting 

ranges from 700 and 850oC. ranges from 700 and 850oC. 

Right-of-Way - a grant that authorizes the use of public lands for specified purposes, 

such as pipelines, roads, telephone lines, electric lines, and reservoirs. 

Riparian - a form of wetland transition between permanently saturated wetlands and 

upland areas. These areas exhibit vegetation or physical characteristics reflective of 

permanent surface or subsurface water influence. Lands along, adjacent to, or contiguous 

with perennially and intermiĴently flowing rivers and streams, glacial potholes, and 

the shores of lakes and reservoirs with stable water levels are typical riparian areas. 

Excluded are such sites as ephemeral streams or washes that do not exhibit the presence 

of vegetation dependent upon free water in the soil.” ater in the soil.” 

Sacred site - means any specific, discrete, narrowly delineated location on Federal 

land that is identified by an Indian tribe, or Indian individual determined to be an 

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Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan

appropriately authoritative representative of an Indian religion, as sacred by virtue of its 

established religious significance to, or ceremonial use by, an Indian religion; provided 

that the tribe or appropriately authoritative representative of an Indian religion has 

informed the agency of the existence of such a site (Executive Order 13007, 1996:1). e Order 13007, 1996:1). 

Salable Minerals - high volume, low value mineral resources including common varieties 

of rock, clay, decorative stone, sand, gravel, and cinder. 

Savanna - In this FEIS/RMP, non-forest (usually shrub-steppe) land where juniper occurs 

as widely scaĴered trees at less than 10% crown cover. 

Scenic River - a river or section of a river that is free of impoundments and whose 

shorelines are largely undeveloped but accessible in places by roads. eloped but accessible in places by roads. 

Scoping - the process of identifying the range of consideration, issues, management 

concerns, preliminary alternatives, and other components of an environmental impact 

statement or land-use planning document. It involves both internal and external or public 

involvement. 

Secondary Wildlife Emphasis – a designation where wildlife is one of several resource 

management programs that are of focus in an area, and typically receive a slightly lower, 

but still significant, level of management consideration. Areas allocated to a secondary 

emphasis are intended to support wildlife and maintain a moderate amount of use, as 

outlined in Chapter 2. outlined in Chapter 2. 

Seral Stage - the rated departure of a plant community from a described potential 

natural community (PNC) for a specific ecological site. Low-seral stage is an existing 

plant community which is defined as 0-25% comparability to the defined PNC; Mid-seral 

stage is an existing plant community which has 26-50% comparability to the PNC; Late 

seral stage is 51-75% comparable to the PNC; PNC is an existing plant community with 

76-100% comparability to the defined PNC. ned PNC. 

Site Condition - the level of condition, or degree of function, used to express the current 

condition of a site in contrast to site potential. condition of a site in contrast to site potential. 

Site Potential - a measure of resource availability based on interactions among soils, 

climate, hydrology, and vegetation. Site potential represents the highest ecological 

status an area can aĴain given no political, social, or economic constraints. It defines the 

capability of an area, its potential, and how it functions (ICBEMP, 2000). , 2000). 

Snag - a standing dead tree, usually larger than five feet tall and six inches in diameter 

at breast height. Snags are important as habitat for a variety of wildlife species and their 

prey. 

Special Habitat Features – non-vegetative factors or finer-scale characteristics of 

vegetation, including caves, cliffs, playas, riparian areas, wetlands, foraging areas, snags, 

and down wood. 

Special Status Species – a plant or animal species falling into any one of the following 

categories: Federally listed threatened or endangered species, species proposed for 

Federal listing as threatened or endangered, candidate species for Federal listing, 

State listed species, Bureau sensitive species, Bureau assessment species (see separate 

definition for each). nition for each). 

Species Diversity - the number, different kinds of, and relative abundances of species 

present in a given area. en area. 

182 
Stand

 

 

 

Glossary

 - a contiguous group of similar plants. For forest use, a contiguous group of trees 

sufficiently uniform in age-class distribution, composition, and structure, and growing on 

a site of sufficiently uniform quality, to be a distinguishable unit. , to be a distinguishable unit. 

Structure - the physical organization and arrangement of vegetation; the size and 

arrangement (both vertical and horizontal) of vegetation. egetation. 

Succession - the gradual supplanting of one community of plants by another. The 

sequence of communities is called a sere, or seral stage. A process of changes in 

structure and composition of plant and animal communities over time. Conditions of 

the prior plant community or successional stage create conditions that are favorable for 

establishment of the next stage. The different stages in succession are oĞen referred to as 

seral stages. seral stages. 

Sustainability – 1) meeting the needs of the present without compromising the abilities 

of future generations to meet their needs; emphasizing and maintaining the underlying 

ecological processes that ensure long-term productivity of goods, services, and values 

without impairing productivity of the land; 2) in commodity production, refers to the 

yield of a natural resource that can be produced continually at a given intensity of 

management (ICBEMP, 2000). , 2000). 

Sustained Yield - maintenance of an annual or regular periodic out put of a renewable 

resource from public land consistent with the principles of multiple use. Also: The yield 

that a forest can produce continuously at a given intensity of management. Sustained 

yield management implies continuous production, so planned as to achieve, at the 

earliest practical time, a balance between increment and cuĴing. 

Terrestrial - pertaining to the land. - pertaining to the land. - pertaining to the land. 

Threatened Species - any plant or animal species defined under the Endangered Species 

Act as likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a 

significant portion of its range. Listings are published in the Federal Register. 

The Nature Conservancy (TNC) - a private national organization dedicated to the 

preservation of biological diversity. 

Tuff - a volcanic rock formed by the welding together of ash and rock fragments from an 

explosive volcanic eruption. olcanic eruption. 

Understory - collectiv - collectively, those plants that are beneath the overstory. See overstory. 

Upland - the portion of the landscape abov - the portion of the landscape above the valley floor or stream. oor or stream. 

U.S. Department of Interior (USDI) - government department which oversees the 

Bureau of Land Management and many other agencies. Bureau of Land Management and many other agencies. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) - government agency responsible for managing 

fish and wildlife and their habitats. sh and wildlife and their habitats. 

Visual Resources - the aesthetic qualities of the landscape. This is determined by 

assessing the scenic quality of a site, the sensitivity of people to changes in the landscape, 

and the visibility of the landscape from major viewing routes and key observation points. ation points. 

Watershed - the region draining into a river, river system, or body of water. A fiĞh-field 

hydrologic unit code of the U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) comprising 50,000 to 100,000 

acres. 

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Upper Deschutes Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan

Weed - a plant considered undesirable, unaĴractive, or troublesome, usually introduced 

and growing without intentional cultivation. See also Noxious Weed. 

Wild River - a river or section of a river that is free of impoundments and generally 

inaccessible except by trail, with watersheds and shorelines essentially primitive and 

waters unpolluted. aters unpolluted. 

Wilderness - an area that is essentially natural in character that has been designated by 

Congressional action in order to preserve that naturalness. e that naturalness. 

Wilderness Study Area (WSA) - public land under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land 

Management which has been studied for wilderness character and is currently in an 

interim management status awaiting official wilderness designation or release from WSA 

status by Congress. status by Congress. 

Wildfire - any unwanted wildland fire. 

Wildland Fire - any non-structure fire, other than prescribed fire, that occurs in the 

wildland. wildland. 

Wildland Fire Situation Analysis (WFSA) - a decision-making process that evaluates 

alternative management strategies against selected safety, environmental, social, 

economical, political, and resource management objectives as selection criteria. es as selection criteria. 

Woodland - a plant community in which, in contrast to a typical forest, the trees are oĞen 

small or short-boled relative to their crown width or height. Collectively, the trees form 

an open canopy with the intervening area occupied by lower vegetation, commonly grass 

or shrub. or shrub. 

Zones - BLM-administered lands are classified into four categories that establish 

guidance about their suitability for long-term ownership as follows: guidance about their suitability for long-term ownership as follows: 

• Zone 1 – lands with national or statewide significance (for wildlife, recreation, 

scenic or other values). Zone 1 lands are identified for retention in public ownership 

and are areas where management emphasis is being placed on increasing public 

land holdings through donations, exchange or sale. land holdings through donations, exchange or sale. 

• Zone 2 – lands with high resource values. Zone 2 lands are identified for retention 

or possible exchange for lands with higher resource values or transfer through the 

Recreation and Public Purposes Recreation and Public Purposes Act. 

• Zone 3 – lands that generally do not provide substantial resource, public, or tribal 

benefits; that many not be cost effective for BLM to manage; or that would represent 

a greater public benefit in other ownership. Zone 3 lands are potentially suitable for 

transfer, sale or other disposal, including lands identified as having potential land 

use benefits for local community expansion. ts for local community expansion. 

• Community Expansion (CE). Lands zoned CE are retained in public ownership 

until needed for specific community purposes. c community purposes. 

184 
References

References 

Brooks, H.C. 1963. Quicksilver in Oregon. Oregon Dept. Geol. And Mineral Indus., Bull. 55. 

Brown, D.E, G.L. Black, G.D. McLean, and J.R. Petros. 1980. Preliminary geology and geothermal resource 

potential of the Powell BuĴes area, OR: DOGAMI Open-File Report 0-80-8. 

Hann, W.J.; J.L. Jones; M.G. Karl; P.F. Hessburg; R.E. Keane; D.G. Long; J.P. Menakis; C. H. McNicoll; S.G. 

Leonard; R.A. Gravenmier; B.G. Smith. 1997. Landscape dynamics of the Basin. pp. 337-1055 in: USDA 

Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management. 1997. An assessment of ecosystem components in 

the interior Columbia basin and portions of the Klamath and great basins. Quigley, T. M.; Arbelbide, S. J., 

eds. PNW-GTR-405. Portland, OR: Pacific Northwest Region, Forest Service. 

Hardy, Colin C.; OĴmar, Roger D.; Peterson, Janice L; Core, John E.; Seamon, Paula; [Eds]. 2001. Smoke 

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1

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186 
 

References

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Bureau of Land Management, Prineville, OR. 47 pp. 

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Management of Public Lands Administered by the Bureau of Land Management in the States of Oregon 

and Washington. BLM, Oregon State Office, Portland, OR. 

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Restoring Eastern Oregon Forests, Watersheds and Communities (strategy modified slightly from original 

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USDI Bureau of Land Management. 2005. Proposed Upper Deschutes Resource Management Plan and Final 

Environmental Impact Statement. 3 volumes. Prineville, Oregon. 

USDI Bureau of Land Management and USDA Forest Service. 1992. Middle Deschutes/Lower Crooked Wild and 

Scenic Rivers’ Management Plan and Environmental Assessment. 

USDI Bureau of Land Management, USDI Fish & Wildlife Service, USDA Forest Service, Oregon Department of 

Fish & Wildlife, and Oregon Department of State Lands. 2000. Greater sage-grouse and sagebrush-steppe 

ecosystems management guidelines. 27 pp. 

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update of the 1995 federal wildland fire management policy. Boise, Idaho. 78 pp. 

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188 
Appendices 

Appendix A: Laws, Regulation, Policy Relevant to BLM 

Appendix B: Minerals 

Appendix C: Legal Description of Lands Designated for

Military Training 

Appendix D: Land Ownership Summary Tables 

Appendix E: Listed Streams and Protocol 

Appendix F: Best Management Practices 

Appendix G: Livestock Grazing Mgmt. Summary 

Appendix H: Visual Resources 

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190