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## HIV/AIDS

About CDC.gov

### HIV/AIDS

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# HIV Among Latinos 

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### Fast Facts

                      - Hispanics or Latinos are disproportionately affected by HIV, relative to other races/ethnicities.
                      - The estimated new HIV infection rate among Hispanics or Latinos in 2010 in the United States was more than 3 times as high as that of whites.
                      - Socioeconomic factors such as poverty and language barriers may contribute to Hispanic or Latino HIV infection rates.

HIV infection is a serious threat to the health of the Hispanic/Latino community. In 2010, Hispanics/Latinos accounted for over one-fifth (21% or 9,800) of all new HIV infections in the United States and 6 dependent areasb despite representing about 16% of the total US population.

## The Numbers

### New HIV Infectionsc

                    - In 2010, Hispanic/Latino men accounted for 87% (8,500) of all estimated new HIV infections among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States. Most (79% or 6,700) of the estimated new HIV infections among Hispanic/Latino men were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact.
                    - Among Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men (MSM d ), 67% of estimated new HIV infections occurred in those under age 35.
                    - Hispanic women/Latinas accounted for 14% (1,400) of the estimated new infections among all Hispanics/Latinos in the United States in 2010.
                    - The estimated rate of new HIV infection among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States in 2010 was more than 3 times as high as that of whites (27.5 vs. 8.7 per 100,000 population).

### Estimated Numbers of New HIV Infections in the United States for the Most Affected Subpopulations, 2010

Source: CDC. Estimated HIV incidence among adults and adolescents in the United States, 2007–2010. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2012;17(4). Subpopulations representing 2% or less are not reflected in this chart. Abbreviations: MSM, men who have sex with men; IDU, injection drug user.

### HIV and AIDS Diagnosese and Deaths

                    - At some point in their lives, an estimated 1 in 36 Hispanic/Latino men and 1 in 106 Hispanic/Latino women will be diagnosed with HIV.
                    - In 2012, Hispanics/Latinos accounted for 22% (10,705) of the estimated 48,893 new diagnoses of HIV infection in the United States and 6 dependent areas. Of the 10,694 adult and adolescent Hispanics/Latinos diagnosed with HIV infection in 2012, 86% (9,168) were in men and 14% (1,526) were in women.
                    - Eighty-one percent (7,405) of the estimated 9,168 HIV diagnoses among Hispanic/Latino men in the United States and dependent areas in 2012 were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact. Eighty-six percent (1,315) of the estimated 1,526 HIV diagnoses among Hispanic/Latino women were attributed to heterosexual contact. f
                    - In 2011, Hispanics/Latinos accounted for 20% (242,000) of the estimated 1.2 million people living with HIV infection in the United States.
                    - In 2012, an estimated 5,796 Hispanics/Latinos were diagnosed with HIV infection ever classified as stage 3 (AIDS) in the United States and 6 dependent areas.
                    - By the end of 2011, an estimated 122,848 Hispanics/Latinos who had ever been diagnosed with HIV infection ever classified as stage 3 (AIDS) had died in the United States and 6 dependent areas. In 2012, HIV was the seventh leading cause of death among Hispanics/Latinos aged 25-34 in the United States and the ninth leading cause of death among Hispanics/Latinos aged 35-54.
                    - In 2011, data from the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) and the Medical Monitoring Project showed that 80.8% of Hispanics/Latinos with diagnosed HIV infection were linked to care, 53.6% were retained in care, 49.8% were prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 41.3% had achieved viral suppression.

## Prevention Challenges

A number of factors contribute to the HIV epidemic in Latino communities.
                    - There is a greater number of people living with HIV (prevalence)  in Hispanic/Latino communities and Hispanics/ Latinos tend to have sex with partners of the same race/ethnicity. This means that Hispanics/Latinos face a greater risk of HIV infection.
                    - While data suggest that most Hispanic/Latino men with HIV were infected through sexual contact with other men, the  behavioral risk factors for HIV infection differ by country of birth . For example, men born in Puerto Rico have a higher percentage of diagnosed HIV infections attributed to injection drug use (IDU).
                    - The majority of HIV infections diagnosed among Hispanic/Latino men and women are attributed to  sexual contact with men . Being unaware of a partners’ risk factors (for example, IDU, multiple sexual partners, and male-to-male sexual contact) may place Hispanic/Latino men and women at increased risk for HIV.
                    - Research shows that the presence of a  sexually transmitted disease (STD)  makes it easier to become infected with HIV. Hispanics/Latinos have the third highest rates for STDs including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
                    - Cultural factors  may affect the risk of HIV infection. Some Hispanics/Latinos may avoid seeking testing, counseling, or treatment if infected because of immigration status, stigma, or fear of discrimination. Traditional gender roles, cultural norms ( "machismo,"  which stresses virility for Hispanics/Latino men, and  "marianismo,"  which demands purity from Latina women), and the stigma around homosexuality may add to prevention challenges.
                    - Socioeconomic factors  such as poverty, migration patterns, lower educational accomplishment, inadequate or no health insurance, limited access to health care, and language barriers may contribute to HIV infection among Hispanics/Latinos. Those factors may limit awareness about HIV infection risks and opportunities for counseling, testing, and treatment.
                    - Because of  fear of disclosing immigration status and possible deportation,  undocumented Hispanic/Latino immigrants may be less likely to access HIV prevention services, get an HIV test, or receive adequate treatment and care if they are living with HIV. 

## What CDC Is Doing

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and its partners are pursuing a **high-impact prevention approach** to advance the goals of the **National HIV/ AIDS Strategy** and maximize the effectiveness of current HIV prevention methods. Activities include
                    - Support and technical assistance to health departments and community-based organizations to deliver effective prevention interventions for Hispanics/Latinos.
                    - Phases of the Act  ***Against AIDS campaign***   include Let’s Stop HIV Together (Detengamos Juntos el VIH), which addresses stigma and raises awareness; Reasons/Razones, which encourages HIV testing among Latino/Hispanic gay bisexual men; and the  ***Act Against AIDS Leadership Initiative*** , which was expanded in 2010 to include ASPIRA, the National Hispanic Council on Aging, and Farmworker Justice.
                    - ***The Care and Prevention in the United States Demonstration Project***   that supports increased testing and optimizes linkage to, retention in, and re-engagement with care and prevention services for newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed racial and ethnic minorities with HIV.
                    - ***The Comprehensive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Programs for Health Departments***   (Funding Opportunity Announcement PS 12-1201), a 5-year, $339 million HIV prevention initiative for health departments in states, territories, and select cities including those serving Hispanic/Latino clients. 

a Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.b Dependent areas: American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, the Republic of Palau, and the US Virgin Islands.c New HIV infections refer to HIV incidence or the number of people who are newly infected with HIV, whether they are aware of their infection or not.d The term **men who have sex with men (MSM)** is used in CDC surveillance systems. It indicates the behaviors that transmit HIV infection, rather than how individuals.e HIV and AIDS diagnoses refer to the estimated number of people diagnosed with HIV infection regardless of stage of disease at diagnosis, and the estimated number of people diagnosed with AIDS, respectively, during a given time period.f Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or be at high risk for, HIV infection.

### Additional Resources

### Bibliography

Along with the materials in the Additional Resources section, the following articles, reports, and web sites were used as source material for much of the information about HIV and Latinos found on this website.
                          - CDC.  Estimated HIV incidence in the United States, 2007-2010 .  HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report  2012;17(No. 4).
                          - US Census Bureau.  State and County QuickFacts .
                          - CDC.  Estimated lifetime risk for diagnosis of HIV infection among Hispanics/Latinos—37 states and Puerto Rico, 2007 .  MMWR  2010;59(40):1297-1301.
                          - CDC.  Diagnoses of HIV infection in the United States and dependent areas, 2011 .  HIV Surveillance Report  2013;23.
                          - CDC.  Monitoring selected national HIV prevention and care objectives by using HIV surveillance data—United States and 6 U.S. dependent areas—2010 .  HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report  2012;17(3).
                          - CDC.  WISQARS leading causes of death reports, national and regional, 1999-2010 . Accessed August 26, 2013.
                          - Gindi RM, Erbelding EJ, Page KR.  Sexually transmitted infection prevalence and behavioral risk factors among Latino and non-Latino patients attending the Baltimore City STD clinics .  Sex Transm Dis  2010;37(3):191-6.
                          - Reisen CA, Zea MC, Bianchi FT, Poppen PJ, Shedlin MG, Penha MM.  Latino gay and bisexual men’s relationships with non-gay-identified men who have sex with men .  J Homosex  2010;57(8):1004-21.
                          - CDC.  Geographic differences in HIV infection among Hispanics or Latinos—46 states and Puerto Rico, 2010 .  MMWR  2012;61(40):805-10.
                          - National Council of La Raza.  ¿A Dónde Vamos? New directions for culturally relevant Latino community involvement in HIV/AIDS prevention and services research . 2011.
                          - CDC.  Sexually transmitted disease surveillance, 2011 .  December 2012. Accessed March 13, 2013.
                          - Loue S .  Preventing HIV, eliminating disparities among Hispanics in the United States .  J Immigr Minor Health  2006;8(4):313-8 .
                          - Albarracin J, Plambeck CR.  Demographic factors and sexist beliefs as predictors of condom use among Latinos in the USA .  AIDS Care  2010;22(8):1021-8.
                          - Shedlin MG, Decena CU, Oliver-Velez D.  Initial acculturation and HIV risk among new Hispanic immigrants .  J Natl Med Assoc  2005;97(7 Suppl):32S-37S.
                          - Duran D, Usman HR, Beltrami J, Alvarez ME, Valleroy L, Lyles CM.  HIV counseling and testing among Hispanics at CDC-funded sites in the United States, 2007 .  Am J Public Health  2010;100(Suppl 1):S152-8.
                          - del Rio C.  Latinos and HIV care in the Southeastern United States: new challenges complicating longstanding problems .  Clin Infect Dis  2011;53(5):488-9.

### Other Resources

#### Web Sites

                          - *Act Against AIDS Leadership Initiative*
                          - HIV/AIDS in Spanish (VIH/SIDA en Español)
                          - Infosida
                          - Office of Minority Health

#### General Resources

                              - CDC-INFO  1-800-CDC-INFO (232-4636)
                              - CDC HIV Website
                              - CDC Act Against AIDS Campaign

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## Get Tested

### Find an HIV testing site near you.

### Follow HIV/AIDS

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### HIV/AIDS Media

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Format:

Select one
                -   PDF [133 KB] 

Language:

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            - Page last reviewed:  July 8, 2015
            - Page last updated:  July 8, 2015
            - Content source:    									               - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention ,  National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexual Transmitted Diseases and Tuberculosis Prevention ,  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

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