# Patent

## Title
LED lighting apparatus with swivel connection

## Abstract

Disclosed is a LED lighting apparatus with one or more swivel connections. The LED lighting apparatus includes a housing with at least one end, at least one light emitting diode extending along the housing and at least one end cap. The end cap has an opening with a sidewall to cap the end of the housing and a surface opposite the opening and spanning the sidewall. At least two pin connectors extend from the surface and are connectable to a standard fluorescent or incandescent light fixture. Various configurations are described such that the housing will rotate within the end caps with application of a rotational force after connection of the pin connectors to the light fixture to adjust the light output direction of the LED lighting apparatus.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to light emitting diode assemblies that have a housing containing a plurality of light emitting diodes and that can be used to replace existing lamps.
BACKGROUND
Commercial lighting fixtures commonly use fluorescent lamps or incandescent lamps to give off light for illumination. These lighting fixtures have the common drawbacks of high power consumption, quick light attenuation, short service life, fragility, and the inability to be reclaimed. Light emitting diodes, hereinafter LEDs, may be used to replace fluorescent or incandescent bulbs to obtain the environmental and economic benefits of LED technology. However, LEDs are directional, and when used with existing light fixtures, they do not necessarily provide the illumination where it is needed.
Standard light tubes are mounted in a light fixture by sliding connector pins into end sockets and then turning the tube 90° so that the pins engage electrical contacts in the sockets. The lamp tube emits light omnidirectionally and its orientation in the sockets is of no consequence, making orientation of pin connectors on different models of fixtures inconsequential. However, LEDs emit light generally at a narrowly-angled conical path. An LED lighting tube retrofitted into the existing light fixture may not be oriented to emit light in the desired direction as the angular presentation of the light to the surface to be illuminated can be offset by the variation of the pin connectors.
BRIEF SUMMARY
Disclosed herein are embodiments of light emitting diode (LED) lighting apparatus with swivel connections.
One embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus disclosed herein comprises a housing with at least one end, at least one light emitting diode extending along the housing, and at least one end cap. The end cap has an opening with a sidewall to cap the end of the housing and a surface opposite the opening and spanning the sidewall. At least two pin connectors extend from the surface and are connectable to a standard light fixture. The sidewall is configured to friction fit the housing such that the housing will rotate within the end caps with application of a rotational force after connection of the pin connectors to the light fixture.
Another embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus comprises a housing with at least one end, at least one light emitting diode extending along the housing, an end cap capping the at least one end of the housing and fixed relative to the housing, and a pin pivot disk coupled to each end cap and opposite the housing. The pin pivot disk is coupled to pivot around an axis relative to the end cap. The pin pivot disk includes at least two pin connectors extending from the pin pivot disk, the pin connectors connectable to a standard light fixture.
Yet another embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus comprises a housing with at least one end, a ratchet with a gear and a pawl, at least one light emitting diode extending along the housing, at least one end cap having an opening with a sidewall to cap the end of the housing and having a surface opposite the opening and spanning the sidewall, and at least two pin connectors extending from the surface and connectable to a standard light fixture. The gear is located on one of an inner surface of the sidewall of the end cap or on the housing, and the pawl of the ratchet is located in positional agreement with the gear on the housing when the gear is located on the inner surface of the sidewall or on the inner surface of the sidewall when the gear is located on the housing.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The description herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus;
FIG. 2 illustrates a variation of the first embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus;
FIG. 3 illustrates another variation of the first embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus;
FIG. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus;
FIG. 5 illustrates a variation of the second embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus;
FIG. 5A is a view of the face of an end cap alternative for the second embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus;
FIG. 6 illustrates a third embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus;
FIG. 7 illustrates a variation of the third embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus;
FIG. 7A illustrates the cross, sectional view of the end cap across lines A-A′ shown in FIG. 7;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary, perspective view of one embodiment showing one end of the housing with an end cap disconnected from a light tube socket of a lighting fixture;
FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of an over-rotation prevention device;
FIG. 10 illustrates another embodiment of an over-rotation prevention device;
FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 10; and
FIG. 11 is an illustration of an over-rotation device for a single socket fixture.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
According to teachings herein, an LED lighting apparatus may be used to replace fluorescent or incandescent bulbs in the existing fight fixtures to obtain the environmental and economic benefits of LED technology, while providing illumination oriented to the desired surfaces or areas.
Embodiments of the LED lighting apparatus with swivel connectors are taught herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A first embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus with swivel connectors is illustrated in FIG. 1. The housing 10 for at least one LED (not shown) is depicted by broken lines. The end 11 of the housing 10 is capped with an end cap 20. The end cap 20 is friction-fitted onto the end of the housing. The end cap 20 has a sidewall 21 that surrounds the end 11 of the housing 10 and a surface 22 that spans the sidewall 21. From the surface 22 extend at least two pin connectors 30 that connect the housing to a standard fluorescent or incandescent light fixture (not shown). The pin connectors 30 are inserted into the socket or sockets of the lighting fixture. Once the pin connectors 30 are secure in the sockets of the light fixture, the housing 10 can be rotated relative to the end caps 20 with the application of rotational force on the housing. This rotational force can direct the light from the LEDs to illuminate the desired surface or area. The friction fit of the end cap 20 on the housing end 11 allows for rotation during application of force, with the housing maintaining the final position after rotational force is lifted.
As depicted, the housing is tubular with at least one end. The embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to such a housing. It is contemplated that the housing may be of any suitable shape that can be used with fluorescent or incandescent light fixtures. As a non-limiting example, the housing may be a shroud open along its length. The housing may have as many ends as necessary for a secure fit and the proper electrical connection. The housing may be made of any material known in the art to be used in the lighting industry, including but not limited to UV resistant plastic or glass.
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary, perspective view, of the housing 10 with an end cap 20 disconnected from one end of a light tube socket 100 of a light fixture. As with conventional lighting systems, the light tube socket 100 includes a pair of electrical female connectors 102 for receiving the pin connectors 30 extending from the end cap 20.
The LEDs utilized in the lighting apparatus are those known in the art. More than one LED is commonly referred to as a bank or array of LEDs. Within the scope of these embodiments, the housing 10 may include one or more banks or arrays of LEDs mounted on one or more circuit boards. The LEDs can emit white light and, thus, are commonly referred to in the art as white LEDs. The LEDs can be mounted, for example, to one surface of the circuit board. The LEDs can be arranged on the circuit board or another surface to emit or shine white light through only one side of housing, thus directing the white light to a predetermined point of use, or arranged to emit fight through more than one side of the housing. These examples are non-limiting and provided to further illustrate the housing with which the end caps are used.
FIG. 2 illustrates a variation of the first embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus. In FIG. 2 the housing 10 has a crimp 12 along the circumference of the housing a distance in from the end 11 of the housing 10. The sidewall 21 of the end cap 20 has an inward angled edge 23 that is positioned to friction contact the housing 10 at the crimp 12. The end cap 20 and housing 10 are friction fit such that the rotational force that must be applied to align the LED light is greater than that force required to insert the housing 10 with end caps into the sockets of the lighting fixture (not shown). Thus, a force is required to insert the housing 10 into the fixture, and a greater force is required to adjust the housing 10 so that the desired surface or area is illuminated. Once adjustment is complete and the force is lifted, the housing 10 maintains its position due to the friction fit with the end cap 20.
FIG. 3 is yet another variation of the first embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus. In FIG. 3, the housing 10 has a crimp 14 along the circumference of the housing a distance in from the end 11 of the housing 10. The sidewall 21 of the end cap 20 has a friction contact portion 24 located on the sidewall and running the circumference of the sidewall. The friction contact portion 24 is positioned to marry the crimp 14 of the housing 10 when the end cap 20 is capping die end 11 of the housing 10. The friction fit between the end cap 20 and the housing 10 is such that the rotational force that must be applied to align the LED light is greater than that force required to insert the housing end cap(s) into the sockets of the lighting fixture. Thus, a force is required to insert the housing 10 into the fixture, and a greater force is required to adjust the housing 10 so that the desired surface or area is illuminated. Once adjustment is complete and the force is lifted, the housing 10 maintains its position due to the friction fit.
The friction fit may be obtained by crimping or other means such as press-fitting. These are non-limiting examples and other means are contemplated.
A second embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus is illustrated in FIG. 4. Elements of the second embodiment having the same function as in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and duplicate explanations thereof are omitted herein.
In FIG. 4, the housing 10 for at least one LED (not shown) is again depicted by broken lines. The end 11 of the housing 10 is capped with an end cap 20. The end cap 20 has a sidewall 21 that surrounds the end 11 of the housing 10 and a surface 22 that spans the sidewall 21. Located within the surface 22 is a pin pivot disk 26 coupled to the surface 22. The pin pivot disk 26 is coupled so that it can pivot around an axis X relative the end cap 20. From the pin pivot disk 26 extend at least two pin connectors 30 that connect the housing to a standard fluorescent or incandescent light fixture. The pin connectors 30 are inserted into the socket or sockets of the lighting fixture and are locked into place.
In this embodiment, the end cap 20 and housing 10 do not move relative to each other. Once the pin connectors 30 are inserted into the socket of the fixture (not shown), the housing 10 and end cap 20 can be aligned relative to the pin pivot disk 26 and fixture by the application of a rotational force on the housing 10 or end cap(s) 20. The housing 10 and end cap(s) 20 remain in the desired alignment when the force is lifted.
FIG. 5 depicts a variation of the second embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus disclosed herein. In this variation of the second embodiment, the pin pivot disk 26 is a ratchet gear. The edge 28 of the surface 22 into which the ratcheted pin pivot disk 26 is coupled acts as the pawl of the ratchet. The edge 28 may have a different configuration from that shown in FIG. 5. For example, it may be thicker than the typical edge of the surface 22, or it may be of a different material. FIG. 5A illustrates the surface 22 of the end cap 20 shown without the pivot disk 26, the edge 28 having a pawl 28′ extending from it, rather than the edge 28 itself being configured as a pawl.
Again in this variation the end cap 20 and housing 10 do not move relative to each other. Once the pin connectors 30 are inserted into the socket of the fixture (not shown), the housing 10 and end cap 20 can be aligned relative to the ratcheted pin pivot disk 26 and fixture by the application of a rotational force on the housing 10 or end cap(s) 20 that moves the ratchet gear (pin pivot disk 26) relative to the pawl 28′ (or edge 28 of the surface 22). The housing 10 and end cap(s) 20 remain in the desired alignment when the force is lifted. To achieve this, either the pawl 28′ or the teeth of the ratchet gear (pin pivot disk 26) is flexible such that the rotation of the housing 10 and end cap(s) 20 is allowed while maintaining the pin connectors 30 in the socket.
A third embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus with swivel connections is illustrated in FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, the housing 10 for at least one LED (not shown) is again depicted by broken lines. The end 11 of the housing 10 is capped with an end cap 20. The end cap 20 has a sidewall 21 that surrounds the end 11 of the housing 10 and a surface 22 that spans the sidewall 21. Extending from the surface 22 are at least two pin connectors 30 that connect the housing to a standard fluorescent or incandescent light fixture (not shown). The pin connectors 30 are inserted into the socket or sockets of the lighting fixture.
In FIG. 6 the housing 10 has a ratchet gear 40 positioned a distance in from the end 11 of the housing 10. The ratchet gear 40 is positioned so that the teeth of the gear are flush with the housing 10. The sidewall 21 of the end cap 20 has a pawl 42 that is positioned to correspond to the ratchet gear 40 when the end cap 20 is positioned on the end 11 of the housing 10. The end cap 20, after the pin connectors 30 are inserted into the socket, does not move relative to the lighting fixture. During insertion of the pin connectors with rotational movement, the pawl 42 is positioned to rotate against the teeth of the ratchet gear 40. Thus resistance against the teeth is high. Once the pin connectors 30 are inserted, the housing 10 can be aligned relative to the end cap 20 and fixture by the application of a rotational force on the housing 10 that moves the ratchet gear relative to the pawl 42, with the pawl 42 moving with the teeth of the ratchet gear 40. The housing 10 and end cap(s) 20 remain in the desired alignment when the force is lifted. To achieve this, either the pawl 42 or the teeth of the ratchet gear 40 is flexible such that the rotation of the housing 10 is allowed after the pin connectors 30 are inserted.
FIG. 7 illustrates a variation of the third embodiment of the LED lighting apparatus. In this variation, the pawl 46 is positioned on the exterior of the housing 10 a distance from the end 11. The ratchet gear, shown in FIG. 7A, is integral to the end cap 20 and positioned so that when the end cap 20 is capping the end 11 of the housing 10, the pawl 46 and the ratchet gear are in alignment. FIG. 7A is a cross sectional view of the end cap 20 along line A-A′ of FIG. 7 illustrating the position of the ratchet gear 44. The end cap 20, after the pin connectors 30 are inserted into the socket, does not move relative to the lighting fixture. During insertion of the pin connectors with rotational movement, the pawl 46 is positioned to rotate against the teeth of the ratchet gear 44. Thus resistance against the teeth is high. Once the pin connectors 30 are inserted, the housing 10 can be aligned relative to the end cap 20 and fixture by the application of a rotational force on the housing 10 that moves the ratchet gear relative to the pawl 46, with the pawl 46 moving with the teeth of the ratchet gear 44. The housing 10 and end cap(s) 20 remain in the desired alignment when the force is lifted. Again, either the pawl 46 or the teeth of the ratchet gear 44 is flexible such that the rotation of the housing 10 is allowed after the pin connectors 30 are inserted.
With any of the embodiments of the LED lighting apparatus disclosed herein, it is contemplated that means to limit the available rotation of the LED housing or housing and end cap may be incorporated. By limiting the available rotation of the housing and/or the end cap, the wires connected from the pins to the LED array are not twisted and strained. This, in turn, should decrease wear and lengthen the life of the electrical connection so that the advantage of extended life of the LEDs can be further realized.
One way in which to avoid over-rotation of the housing 10 for the first and third embodiments, and over-rotation of both the housing 10 and end caps 20 of the second embodiment, is to provide a stop in the end cap 20 and a corresponding stop in the housing. As illustrated in FIG. 9, a stop 50 extends from the inside of the sidewall 21 of the end cap 20. A corresponding stop 52 extends from the housing 10 at a position on the end 11 such that the stops 50, 52 will engage one another at one point during rotation. The stops 50, 52 can be made from any material that is strong enough to withstand the rotational force applied by a user of the lighting apparatus.
Alternative configurations of the stop are contemplated. One such example involving the ratchet of the second embodiment incorporates locating teeth in only a portion of the ratchet gear 40, 44 so that the pawl is prevented from further rotation along the ratchet gear 40, 44. Based on the teachings herein, it should be recognized by those skilled in the art that these stop configurations are provided by way of example and not limitation, and that other suitable stop configurations may be used.
Other ways to prevent twisting of the electrical connections due to rotation of the housing 10 or housing 10 and end cap 20 may be used. One such embodiment incorporates the use of slip rings as illustrated in FIG. 10. The slip ring 60 comprises a conductive circle or band mounted within the housing 10. Electrical connections 62 from the LED array or LED circuit board 64 are made to the slip ring 60 and are omitted here for clarity. A spring loaded center contact 66, located along the center axis of the housing 10, transfers the electrical power from a socket 68 configured in the end cap 20, which in turn transfers the electrical power torn the pins 30 that are inserted into the socket of the fixture (not shown in FIG. 10). The electrical connections 62 may also be spring loaded. As used herein, a slip ring is an electrical connection through a rotating assembly. Accordingly, alternative constructions of such a slip ring are possible and can include, for example, rotary electrical interfaces, rotating electrical connectors, collectors, swivels, electrical rotary joints, etc. FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of the housing 10 along dotted line 10A, showing the slip ring 60 positioned within the housing wall 70, with the spring loaded center contact 66 at the center. The end cap is omitted from FIG. 10A.
FIG. 11 is an alternative embodiment of the electrical connection over-rotation prevention for housings with only one electrical connection, rather than the two connections used with a traditional fluorescent fixture. In FIG. 11, the electrical connections (not shown) from the LED array or circuit board 64 are connected, to a spring loaded contact pin 66′ located along the center axis of the housing 10. A socket 68′ in the center of the end cap 20 surface 22, which draws electrical power through the pins 30 of the end cap 22, is in contact with the spring loaded contact pin 66′. Since the electrical connections to both the socket 68′ and the spring loaded contact pin 66′ do not rotate relative to the connection points, strain and stress on the connections are reduced.
White the invention has been described in connection with certain embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, which scope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures as is permitted under the law.

## Claims

1. A LED lighting apparatus for use in a standard light fixture, the apparatus comprising:
a housing with at least one end;
at least one light emitting diode extending along the housing; and
at least one end cap, wherein the end cap has an opening with a sidewall to cap the end of the housing; wherein the sidewall has a protrusion extending inward and the housing further comprises a corresponding recess in the housing and spaced between the end and a longitudinal center of the housing, the protrusion aligning within the recess when the end cap caps the end of the housing to friction fit the housing such that the housing will rotate to a plurality of illuminating positions within the end caps with application of a rotational force after insertion of the housing in the light fixture, the friction fit maintaining the housing in one of the plurality of illuminating positions to which the housing was rotated.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, along the circumference of the housing wherein the rotational force required for alignment with any one of the plurality of illuminating positions is greater than a force required for insertion into the light fixture.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the friction fit is obtained by crimping or press-fitting.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the end cap has a first stop extending from the sidewall into the opening and the at least one end of the housing has a second stop positioned for engagement with the first stop to limit a rotational range of the housing.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a slip ring and a spring loaded contact located within the at least one end of the housing, wherein an electrical connection from the at least one light emitting diode contacts the slip ring and the spring loaded contact transfers electrical power from the electrical connection to pin connectors extending from the end cap via a socket on the end cap.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing has one end, the apparatus further comprising:
a socket located on the end cap and configured to transfer electrical power from pin connectors extending from the end cap to the at least one light emitting diode via a spring loaded contact pin.