Appendix I 

RACM Documentation 

Appendix I - Page Number:

1
Appendix 

Analysis of Potential 

Stationary Source Measures

Appendix I - Page Number:

2
Quick Reference Measure Name Definition RACM Reason

CAIR Plus Reductions from EGUs: OTC Model Rule Adopt OTC Multipollutant Model Rule for EGUs. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Dist Generation Rule OTC Model Rule: Distributed Generation Rule Adopt OTC Model Rule to Require Additional Controls on 

Distributed Generation Sources. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Peaking Unit Rule OTC Model Rule: Peaking Unit Rule Adopt OTC Model Rule to Require Additional Controls on EGU 

Peaking Units. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

ICI Stds OTC Model Rule: ICI Boiler Standards Adopt OTC Model Rule on Standards for Industrial, Commercial,

and Institutional Boilers. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

RACT Cement

Control Portland Cement Facilities Adopt OTC Model Rule on RACT Update for Portland Cement 

Facilities. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Glass Facility

Mineral Products Industry Controls: Glass and Fiberglass Control Glass and Fiberglass Facility Emissions. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

MSW

Controls on Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators Adopt OTC Model Rule on RACT Update for MSW Incineration 

Facilities. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Asphalt Facilities

Control Asphalt and Concrete Facilities Require NOx emission limits on asphaltic concrete production 

facilities. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Chem VOC

Control VOC Emissions from Chemical Manufacturing

Chemical Manufacturing: More stringent standards on the 

manufacture of polystyrene, formica, polyester resin, wood and 

paper, other polymers, pharmaceuticals, paints, varnishes, 

soaps, detergents, inks, solvents, fuel additives, acids, 

fertilizers, and resins.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

EGU RACT Reductions from EGUs Plant RACT/Technology-Based Approach Identify and Require Additional Power Plant-Specific Emission 

Reduction Technologies. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Multi P Legislation

State Multipollutant Legislation Adopt State Multipollutant Legislation. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Clear Skies

Clear Skies Act Implement Clear Skies Legislation. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Local Cap Trade

Local Cap and Trade Program Implement cap and trade program for VOC sources in region. 

Consider California RECLAIM program. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Episodic Reductions Episodic Mandatory Facility Reductions Require mandatory facility reductions on Air Quality Action Days.

Require Curtailment Plan. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Enhanced Enforce Stationary

Enhanced Enforcement/Rule Compliance at Existing Stationary 

Sources

Step up enforcement of and compliance with existing rules for 

emissions control by stationary sources. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Emission Registration Statewide Emission Registration Program Require a mandatory statewide registration program for all NOx 

and VOC emission sources. No Not economically 

feasible

Credit Retirement

Emission Reduction Credit Retirement Program Establish program to retire emission reduction credits for 

stationary sources. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Low Nox Fuel Oil

Low NOx Fuel Oil for Stationary Sources Require oil-burning stationary sources to burn ThermaNOx, a 

low-NOx No. 2 fuel oil emulsion, during ozone season. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Upwind NOx RACT Upwind NOx Controls: Expand NOx RACT to Upwind Counties Expand NOx RACT Requirements. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Upwind NOx BACT Upwind NOx Controls: Plant-by-Plant BACT Controls Identify and Require Additional Facility-Specific Emission 

Reduction Technologies. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Upwind VOC RACT

Upwind VOC Controls: Expand VOC RACT to Upwind Counties Expand VOC RACT Requirements. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Upwind VOC BACT

Upwind VOC Controls: Plant-by-Plant BACT Controls Identify and Require Additional Facility-Specific Emission 

Reduction Technologies. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Chemical Ind Controls

Chemical Industry Controls Reduce upwind NOx emissions limits in the manufacture of 

chemicals. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Forest Products

Forest Product Industry Controls Control Upwind Wood, Paper and Pulp Production Emissions. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Upwind Iron and Steel

Metallurgical Industry Controls: Iron and Steel Control Upwind Iron and Steel Production Emissions. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Upwind Lead

Metallurgical Industry Controls: Lead Control Upwind Lead Smelter Emissions. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Upwind Aluminum

Metallurgical Industry Controls: Aluminum Control Upwind Aluminum Production Emissions. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Potential Stationary Source RACM Measures in the Metropolitan Washington Region

Appendix I - Page Number:

3
Upwind Zinc

Metallurgical Industry Controls: Zinc/Copper Control Upwind Zinc/Copper Smelter Emissions. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Upwind Lime

Mineral Products Industry Controls: Lime Control Upwind Lime Facility Emissions. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Upwind Phosphate

Mineral Products Industry Controls: Phosphate Control Upwind Phosphate Rock Plant Emissions. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

RACT Refineries

Upwind RACT Update: Refineries Update RACTs for Refineries in Upwind Contributing Areas. No 

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Energy Efficiency

Energy Efficiency Programs

Increase Adoption of Energy Efficient Technology by 

Government and the Private Sector with Commensurate 

Retirement of EGU NOx Allowances.

No Will not advance 

attainment date

Efficiency Standards Energy Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards Establish requirements for minimum energy efficiency, with 

Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx Allowances. No Will not advance 

attainment date

Green Building Codes Energy Efficiency: Green Building Code Program Establish energy efficiency standards for building codes, with 

Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx Allowances. No Will not advance 

attainment date

Renewable Portfolio

Renewable Energy: Renewable Portfolio Standards

Increase Purchases of Renewable Energy by Government and 

the Private Sector, with Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx 

Allowances.

No Will not advance 

attainment date

Solar Photovoltaics

Renewable Energy: Solar Photovoltaic Programs

Increase Purchases and Installation of Renewable Energy 

sources by Government and the Private Sector, with 

Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx Allowances. Consider 

Incentive Programs.

No Will not advance 

attainment date

Wind Energy

Renewable Energy: Wind Energy Purchases

Increase Purchases of Renewable Energy by Government and 

the Private Sector, with Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx 

Allowances.

No Will not advance 

attainment date

Solar Hot Water

Renewable Energy: Solar Hot Water Heating

Increase Use of Solar Hot Water Heating by Government and 

the Private Sector, with Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx 

Allowances.

No Will not advance 

attainment date

Heat Pumps

Energy Efficiency: Ground Source Heat Pump Initiative

Increase Purchases and Installation of Ground Source Heat 

Pumps in the Public and/or Private Sector, with Commensurate 

Retirement of EGU NOx Allowances.

No Will not advance 

attainment date

Performance Contracting

Energy Efficiency: Energy Performance Contracting Program

Increase Use of Energy Performance Contracts in the Public 

and/or Private sector to Reduce Energy Consumption, with 

Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx Allowances.

No Will not advance 

attainment date

LED Traffic Energy Efficiency Programs: LED Traffic Signal Retrofit Program Increase Use Energy Efficient LED Traffic Signals. No Will not advance 

attainment date

LED Street Energy Efficiency Programs: LED Street Light Retrofit Program Increase Use of Energy Efficient LED Street Lights. No Will not advance 

attainment date

EStar Exit Energy Efficiency: Energy Star Exit Signs Increase market penetration of Energy Efficient Lighting (EXIT 

Signs). No Will not advance 

attainment date

Appendix I - Page Number:

4
Quick Reference: CAIR Plus Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason:

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness <$10,000/ton

Estimated Reductions 5-10 tpd NOx

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require either state-level regulation by 

Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Reductions from EGUs: OTC Model Rule

RACM Criterion Summary

Reductions from EGUs: OTC Model Rule Adopt OTC Multipollutant Model Rule for EGUs.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Any regulation creating emission limits more stringent than CAIR would be 

controversial.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Not RACM. This measure cannot deliver benefits by May 2008. 

· After a rule is adopted, industry will require additional time to install controls. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

5
Quick Reference: Dist Generation Rule Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· After a rule is adopted, owners of distributed generation equipment will require 

additional time to install controls. 

· Administrative burden may be high due to permitting and registration requirements. 

Not RACM. This measure cannot deliver benefits by May 2008.

· Possible adverse impacts. 

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require either state-level regulation by 

Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- OTC Model Rule: Distributed Generation Rule

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt OTC Model Rule to Require Additional Controls on 

Distributed Generation Sources.

OTC Model Rule: Distributed Generation Rule

Appendix I - Page Number:

6
Quick Reference: Peaking Unit Rule Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· After a rule is adopted, owners will require additional time to install controls. 

· Controls may not be technologically feasible in all cases due to site specific issues.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. This measure cannot deliver benefits by May 2008. 

·There may be potential adverse impacts associated with reliability issues and 

economic impact on businesses.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District. All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass 

and require compliance with a regulation.

Measure -- OTC Model Rule: Peaking Unit Rule

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt OTC Model Rule to Require Additional Controls on EGU 

Peaking Units.

OTC Model Rule: Peaking Unit Rule

Appendix I - Page Number:

7
Quick Reference: ICI Stds Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· After a rule is adopted, owners will require additional time to install controls. 

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. This measure cannot deliver benefits by May 2008 and may cause adverse financial impacts. 

· Regulating this source could cause potential adverse impacts.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require either state-level regulation by 

Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- OTC Model Rule: ICI Boiler Standards

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt OTC Model Rule on Standards for Industrial, Commercial, 

and Institutional Boilers. 

OTC Model Rule: ICI Boiler Standards

Appendix I - Page Number:

8
Quick Reference: MSW Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. This measure cannot deliver benefits by May 2008.

· If promulgated, EPA December 2005 proposed rule will lead to reduced emissions 

from this source category. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require either state-level regulation by 

Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Controls on Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt OTC Model Rule on RACT Update for MSW Incineration 

Facilities.

Controls on Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

Appendix I - Page Number:

9
Quick Reference: RACT Cement Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· After a rule is adopted, owners will require additional time to install controls. 

Measure -- Control Portland Cement Facilities

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt OTC Model Rule on RACT Update for Portland Cement 

Facilities.

Control Portland Cement Facilities

· Mandatory Measure. All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass 

and require compliance with a regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2009. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008. Potential adverse impacts.

· Regulating this source could cause hardship for companies.

Appendix I - Page Number:

10
Quick Reference: Glass Facility Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide emission reductions. There are no major facilities in the region.

· Considered as a potential mandatory measure. 

· Year of First Benefits is unknown. 

Measure -- Mineral Products Industry Controls: Glass and Fiberglass

RACM Criterion Summary

Mineral Products Industry Controls: Glass and Fiberglass Control Glass and Fiberglass Facility Emissions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

11
Quick Reference: Asphalt Facilities Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Measure will not provide benefits by May 2008. Potential adverse impacts.

Measure -- Control Asphalt and Concrete Facilities

RACM Criterion Summary

Require NOx emission limits on asphaltic concrete production 

facilities.

Control Asphalt and Concrete Facilities

· Mandatory Measure. All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass 

and require compliance with a regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2009. 

· Regulating this source could cause hardship for companies.

· After a rule is adopted, owners will require additional time to install controls. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

12
Quick Reference: Low Nox Fuel Oil Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable -

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Measure. All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass 

and require compliance with a regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2009. 

· Each facility will have flexibility in how they meet mandated emissions levels. This 

could be one strategy selected, but emission reductions would already be captured 

under the overall sector approach.

Measure -- Low NOx Fuel Oil for Stationary Sources

RACM Criterion Summary

Require oil-burning stationary sources to burn ThermaNOx, a lowNOx No. 2 fuel oil emulsion, during ozone season.Low NOx Fuel Oil for Stationary Sources

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Emissions from EGUs will be regulated under federal and/or state programs. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

13
Quick Reference: Upwind NOx RACT Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· This measure could target upwind EGU and/or non-EGU point sources. 

The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Upwind NOx Controls: Expand NOx RACT to Upwind Counties

RACM Criterion Summary

Upwind NOx Controls: Expand NOx RACT to Upwind Expand NOx RACT Requirements.

Counties

Appendix I - Page Number:

14
Quick Reference: Upwind NOx BACT Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Upwind NOx Controls: Plant-by-Plant BACT Controls

RACM Criterion Summary

Identify and Require Additional Facility-Specific Emission 

Reduction Technologies.

Upwind NOx Controls: Plant-by-Plant BACT Controls

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· This measure could target upwind EGU and/or non-EGU point sources. 

The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

15
Quick Reference: Upwind VOC RACT Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Upwind VOC Controls: Expand VOC RACT to Upwind Counties

RACM Criterion Summary

Upwind VOC Controls: Expand VOC RACT to Upwind Expand VOC RACT Requirements.

Counties

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

16
Quick Reference: Upwind VOC BACT Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Upwind VOC Controls: Plant-by-Plant BACT Controls

RACM Criterion Summary

Identify and Require Additional Facility-Specific Emission 

Reduction Technologies.

Upwind VOC Controls: Plant-by-Plant BACT Controls

Appendix I - Page Number:

17
Quick Reference: EGU RACT Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

the District, or Virginia, and/or other upwind states.

Measure -- Reductions from EGUs Plant RACT/Technology-Based Approach

RACM Criterion Summary

Identify and Require Additional Power Plant-Specific Emission 

Reduction Technologies.

Reductions from EGUs Plant RACT/Technology-Based 

Approach

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· There is no certainty that prescribing a specific technology would reduce emissions below emission allowance levels. 

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

18
Quick Reference: Multi P Legislation Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a new law.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. This measure will not deliver benefits by May 2008. 

· Multipollutant Legislation was adopted in Virginia and Maryland during the 2006 

legislative session. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require either state-level legislation by 

Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- State Multipollutant Legislation

RACM Criterion Summary

State Multipollutant Legislation Adopt State Multipollutant Legislation.

Appendix I - Page Number:

19
Quick Reference: Energy Efficiency Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary Measure. However, this measure would require state-level regulation by 

Virginia and the District. In order to take credit for an energy effiency program, the 

state must retire NOx Allowances. 

Measure -- Energy Efficiency Programs

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase Adoption of Energy Efficient Technology by Government 

and the Private Sector with Commensurate Retirement of EGU 

NOx Allowances.

Energy Efficiency Programs

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2007. However, the full benefits of new standards won't be 

realized until existing equipment in the marketplace is replaced. 

· Mandatory energy efficiency programs may not be economically feasible. 

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Reductions not greater than 1 tpd if implemented as a voluntary measure. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

20
Quick Reference: Efficiency Standards Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with new requirements.

· In order to take credit for an energy effiency program, the state must retire NOx 

Allowances. 

· Reductions not greater than 1 tpd if implemented as a voluntary measure. 

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Year of First Benefits is 2008. However, the full benefits of new standards won't be 

realized until existing equipment in the marketplace is replaced. 

· Mandatory energy efficiency programs may not be economically feasible. 

· Mandatory or Voluntary Measure. This measure would require state-level regulation 

or legislation by Maryland, Virginia and the District to set or modify efficiency 

standards.

Measure -- Energy Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards

RACM Criterion Summary

Establish requirements for minimum energy efficiency, with 

Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx Allowances.

Energy Efficiency: Energy Efficiency Standards

Appendix I - Page Number:

21
Quick Reference: Green Building Codes Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Energy Efficiency: Green Building Code Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Establish energy efficiency standards for building codes, with 

Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx Allowances.

Energy Efficiency: Green Building Code Program

· Voluntary Measure. However, this measure would require local jurisdictions to change 

building codes to improve building efficiency. 

· In order to take credit for an energy effiency program, states must establish regulations 

enabling the retirement of NOx Allowances. 

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. The benefits of this measure will be 

realized as new commercial and residential buildings are built. The measure would 

likely not address existing structures.

Appendix I - Page Number:

22
Quick Reference: Renewable Portfolio Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Renewable Energy: Renewable Portfolio Standards

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase Purchases of Renewable Energy by Government and the 

Private Sector, with Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx 

Allowances.

Renewable Energy: Renewable Portfolio Standards

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· In order to take credit for a renewables program, the state must retire NOx 

Allowances. Currently, only Maryland has a regulation enabling NOx allowance 

retirement.

·Voluntary Measure. However, this measure would require state governments to 

establish renewable portfolio standards. Maryland and the District have enacted 

standards.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation. The standards phase in slowly over time.

· Year of First Benefits is 2008. However, the full benefits of requirements won't be 

realized until the requirements are phased in. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

23
Quick Reference: Solar Photovoltaics Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Voluntary Measure. However, this measure would require state governments to 

develop regulations to retire NOx Allowances. Currently, only Maryland has a 

regulation enabling NOx allowance retirement.

Measure -- Renewable Energy: Solar Photovoltaic Programs

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase Purchases and Installation of Renewable Energy sources 

by Government and the Private Sector, with Commensurate 

Retirement of EGU NOx Allowances. Consider Incentive 

Programs.

Renewable Energy: Solar Photovoltaic Programs

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2007. However, the full benefits of requirements won't be 

realized until a significant number are installed. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

24
Quick Reference: Wind Energy Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Voluntary Measure. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations to retire NOx Allowances. Currently, only Maryland has necessary 

regulations in place.

Measure -- Renewable Energy: Wind Energy Purchases

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase Purchases of Renewable Energy by Government and the 

Private Sector, with Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx 

Allowances.

Renewable Energy: Wind Energy Purchases

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The cost effectiveness of wind energy purchases is >$10,000/ton. 

· Year of First Benefits is 2007. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

25
Quick Reference: Solar Hot Water Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Voluntary Measure. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations to retire NOx Allowances. Currently, only Maryland has necessary 

regulations in place.

Measure -- Renewable Energy: Solar Hot Water Heating

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase Use of Solar Hot Water Heating by Government and the 

Private Sector, with Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx 

Allowances.

Renewable Energy: Solar Hot Water Heating

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2007. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

26
Quick Reference: Heat Pumps Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Voluntary Measure. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations to retire NOx Allowances. Currently, only Maryland has necessary 

regulations in place.

Measure -- Energy Efficiency: Ground Source Heat Pump Initiative

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase Purchases and Installation of Ground Source Heat Pumps 

in the Public and/or Private Sector, with Commensurate Retirement 

of EGU NOx Allowances.

Energy Efficiency: Ground Source Heat Pump Initiative

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2007. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

27
Quick Reference: LED Traffic Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Voluntary Measure. However, this measure would require state governments to 

develop regulations to retire NOx Allowances. Currently, only Maryland has 

necessary regulations in place.

Measure -- Energy Efficiency Programs: LED Traffic Signal Retrofit Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Energy Efficiency Programs: LED Traffic Signal Retrofit Increase Use Energy Efficient LED Traffic Signals.

Program

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2007. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

28
Quick Reference: LED Street Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Voluntary Measure. However, this measure would require state governments to 

develop regulations to retire NOx Allowances. Currently, only Maryland has 

necessary regulations in place.

Measure -- Energy Efficiency Programs: LED Street Light Retrofit Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Energy Efficiency Programs: LED Street Light Retrofit Increase Use of Energy Efficient LED Street Lights.

Program

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. Unclear if the technology will be 

available before 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

29
Quick Reference: EStar Exit Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Voluntary Measure. However, this measure would require state governments to 

develop regulations to retire NOx Allowances. Currently, only Maryland has 

necessary regulations in place.

Measure -- Energy Efficiency: Energy Star Exit Signs

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase market penetration of Energy Efficient Lighting (EXIT 

Signs).

Energy Efficiency: Energy Star Exit Signs

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2007.

Appendix I - Page Number:

30
Quick Reference: Performance Contracting Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Measure will not advance attainment date.

· Voluntary Measure. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations to retire NOx Allowances. Currently, only Maryland has necessary 

regulations in place.

Measure -- Energy Efficiency: Energy Performance Contracting Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase Use of Energy Performance Contracts in the Public and/or 

Private sector to Reduce Energy Consumption, with 

Commensurate Retirement of EGU NOx Allowances.

Energy Efficiency: Energy Performance Contracting 

Program

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2007. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

31
Quick Reference: Enhanced Enforce Stationary Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Stationary sources in the nonattainment area are generally in compliance with all 

emissions regulations.

· It is anticipated that no creditable emissions reductions would result from 

implementation of this measure.

· Year of First Benefits is 2008. 

Not RACM. No additional emissions reductions are anticipated to result from adoption of this measure. The measure would not advance the attainment date. 

Measure -- Enhanced Enforcement/Rule Compliance at Existing Stationary Sources

RACM Criterion Summary

Step up enforcement of and compliance with existing rules for 

emissions control by stationary sources.

Enhanced Enforcement/Rule Compliance at Existing 

Stationary Sources

Appendix I - Page Number:

32
Quick Reference: Episodic Reductions Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Episodic Mandatory Facility Reductions

RACM Criterion Summary

Require mandatory facility reductions on Air Quality Action Days. 

Require Curtailment Plan.

Episodic Mandatory Facility Reductions

· Mandatory Measure, implemented as an episodic measure.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2009. 

Not RACM. No creditable emissions reductions are anticipated to result from adoption of this measure. 

·Potential adverse impacts. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

33
Quick Reference: Chemical Ind Controls Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

More information is needed on the emissions and opportunities for emission reduction from the chemical industry upwind of the region. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Chemical Industry Controls

RACM Criterion Summary

Reduce upwind NOx emissions limits in the manufacture of 

chemicals.

Chemical Industry Controls

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. 

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

34
Quick Reference: Clear Skies Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Measure. EPA and/or the States would need to develop regulations to 

implement a Congressionally mandated program.

Measure -- Clear Skies Act

RACM Criterion Summary

Clear Skies Act Implement Clear Skies Legislation.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. This measure requires 

Congressional action. Not clear if legislation would be passed prior to May 2008. 

Not RACM. Requires federal legislation. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

35
Quick Reference: Forest Products Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Forest Product Industry Controls

RACM Criterion Summary

Forest Product Industry Controls Control Upwind Wood, Paper and Pulp Production Emissions.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. 

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

36
Quick Reference: Upwind Iron and Steel Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Metallurgical Industry Controls: Iron and Steel

RACM Criterion Summary

Metallurgical Industry Controls: Iron and Steel Control Upwind Iron and Steel Production Emissions.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. 

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

37
Quick Reference: Upwind Lead Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Metallurgical Industry Controls: Lead

RACM Criterion Summary

Metallurgical Industry Controls: Lead Control Upwind Lead Smelter Emissions.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. 

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

38
Quick Reference: Upwind Aluminum Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Metallurgical Industry Controls: Aluminum

RACM Criterion Summary

Metallurgical Industry Controls: Aluminum Control Upwind Aluminum Production Emissions.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. 

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

39
Quick Reference: Upwind Zinc Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Metallurgical Industry Controls: Zinc/Copper

RACM Criterion Summary

Metallurgical Industry Controls: Zinc/Copper Control Upwind Zinc/Copper Smelter Emissions.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. 

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

40
Quick Reference: Upwind Lime Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Mineral Products Industry Controls: Lime

RACM Criterion Summary

Mineral Products Industry Controls: Lime Control Upwind Lime Facility Emissions.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. 

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

41
Quick Reference: Upwind Phosphate Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Mineral Products Industry Controls: Phosphate

RACM Criterion Summary

Mineral Products Industry Controls: Phosphate Control Upwind Phosphate Rock Plant Emissions.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. 

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

42
Quick Reference: Chem VOC Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

·After a rule is adopted, owners will require additional time to install controls. 

Measure -- Control VOC Emissions from Chemical Manufacturing

RACM Criterion Summary

Chemical Manufacturing: More stringent standards on the 

manufacture of polystyrene, formica, polyester resin, wood and 

paper, other polymers, pharmaceuticals, paints, varnishes, soaps, 

detergents, inks, solvents, fuel additives, acids, fertilizers, and 

resins.

Control VOC Emissions from Chemical Manufacturing

· Mandatory Measure. All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass 

and require compliance with a regulation.

· Year of First Benefits is 2009. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

·Potential adverse impacts.

Appendix I - Page Number:

43
Quick Reference: RACT Refineries Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No 

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions. Will not provide reductions by 2008.

· This measure would require state-level regulation by upwind states. 

Measure -- Upwind RACT Update: Refineries

RACM Criterion Summary

Upwind RACT Update: Refineries Update RACTs for Refineries in Upwind Contributing Areas.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

· Year of First Benefits is 2009. 

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

Appendix I - Page Number:

44
Quick Reference: Emission Registration Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not economically feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008. Will not advance attainment date. May not be economically feasible due to administrative costs.

· Mandatory Program. States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and 

require compliance with a regulation.

Measure -- Statewide Emission Registration Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Require a mandatory statewide registration program for all NOx 

and VOC emission sources.

Statewide Emission Registration Program

· Costs to administer a registration program may be prohibitive.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

45
Quick Reference: Credit Retirement Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a new law.

· Year of first benefits is unknown at this time. Could be available by May 2008.

Not RACM. Will not advance attainment date. Potential adverse impacts.

·Potential adverse impacts.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require either state-level legislation by 

Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Emission Reduction Credit Retirement Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Establish program to retire emission reduction credits for stationary 

sources.

Emission Reduction Credit Retirement Program

Appendix I - Page Number:

46
Quick Reference: Local Cap Trade Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not advance attainment date. May not be economically feasible due to administrative costs. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Mandatory Program. States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and 

require compliance with a regulation.

Measure -- Local Cap and Trade Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement cap and trade program for VOC sources in region. 

Consider California RECLAIM program.

Local Cap and Trade Program

· Costs to administer a small-scale VOC cap and trade program may be prohibitive.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

47
Appendix 

Analysis of Potential 

Area Source Measures

Appendix I - Page Number:

48
Potential Area Source RACM Measures in the Metropolitan Washington Region

Measure Name Definition RACM Reason

Expand Coverage of OTC AIMs Rule (Phase II) Expand Number of Products Covered by OTC AIMs Rule. 

Require Lower VOC Content of Products Already Covered. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand Coverage of OTC Consumer Products Rule (Phase II)

Expand Number of Products Covered by OTC Consumer 

Product Rule. Require Lower VOC Content of Products Already 

Covered.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

RACT Update: Control Industrial Incineration Implement programs to reduce emissions from industrial 

incineration. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Home Heating Oil Standards Adopt OTC model rule on standards for home heating oils. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Low-Emission Asphalt

Adopt SCAQMD Rules 1108: Cutback Asphalt (less than 0.5% 

VOC evaporating at 260F) and 1108.1: Emulsified Asphalt (less 

than 3% VOC evaporating at 260F).

No De minimis

Control Landfills and Wastewater Facilities Reduce the NOx and VOC emission limits for flares. No De minimis

Expand Seasonal Open Burning Restrictions Expand prohibitions on seasonal open burning. No No creditable 

reductions

Control Restaurant Sources Implement programs to reduce emissions from restaurants, 

including charbroil operations and deep fat fryers. No 

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Control Bakeries

Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1153: Commercial Bakery Ovens. 

Reduce exemption level and set standards for unregulated 

bakeries.

No 

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Control Drycleaning Facilities Ban transfer systems in Petroleum Dry Cleaning. No 

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

"Cash for Clunkers" Gasoline Containers Replacement Program

Accelerate the Replacement of Older Gasoline Cans with CARB 

Compliant Containers. Offer incentives for consumers to turn in 

old gas cans and obtain new ones.

No No creditable 

emission reduction

Control Agricultural Sources Encourage agricultural best practices, including those that 

reduce pesticide use. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Control Fermentation Sources (wineries/breweries) Reduce evaporative VOC emissions from the fermentation 

process at wineries and/or breweries. No 

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Control Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Require capture and control of VOC emissions from facilities 

treating industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. Adopt 

SCAQMD Rule 1176: Sumps and Wastewater Separators.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Control VOC Emissions from Fuel Facilities 

Reduce the VOC emission limits for bulk plants/terminal, 

including storage tanks. Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1178: Further 

Reductions of VOC Emissions from Storage Tanks at Petroleum 

Facilities.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Control VOC Emissions from Construction and Maintenance Reduce VOC emissions from roofing kettles. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Control VOC Content of Adhesives and Sealants Adopt OTC Model Rule. Reduce VOC limits for adhesives and 

sealants. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Low-Emission Natural Gas Furnaces

Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1111: NOx Emissions from Natural Gas 

Fired, Fan-Type Central Furnaces (no more than 40 

nanograms of NOx per joule of useful heat).

No De minimis

Low-Emission Natural Gas Water Heaters Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1121: Control of NOx from Residential 

Type Natural Gas Fired Water Heaters. No De minimis

Control Residential Wood Burning Implement voluntary program to reduce emissions from woodburning fireplaces and wood stoves. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Green Procurement Policy

Establish procurement policies that foster emission reduction 

(paints, solvents, coatings, asphalt, roofs, building materials, 

AFVs, EE office equipment, ULSD).

No No creditable 

emission reduction

Mitigation Fees: Preempted Sources Charge emission mitigation fee to federally preempted sources. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Appendix I - Page Number:

49
Control Growth and Development: Land Use Restrictions

Implement land use restrictions to control residential, 

commercial, and industrial development in the nonattainment 

area.

No No creditable 

reductions

Control Growth and Development: Mitigate New Development Mitigate emissions from new development. No No creditable 

reductions

Urban Heat Island Mitigation Develop programs to mitigate urban heat islands, including tree 

& vegetation expansion, green roofs, and cool pavements. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Enhanced Enforcement of Area Source Regs: Open Burning Enhance enforcement of seasonal open burning restrictions. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Enhanced Enforcement of Area Source Regs: Solvent Cleaning Enhance enforcement of surface cleaning rules. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Enhanced Enforcement: Environmental Partnerships/Pollution 

Prevention Initiatives

Voluntary compliance audits, encourage low emitting 

technology (swap out solvent machines) No No creditable 

emission reductions

Episodic Area Source Measures

Measures could include a variety of programs including Air 

Quality Action Days, no fuels policy, no mow policy, public 

outreach and education, best practices, etc.

No No creditable 

emission reduction

Expand OTC AIMs Rule Expand OTC AIMs Rule to Upwind Counties. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand OTC Consumer Products Rule Expand OTC Consumer Product Rule to Upwind Counties. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand OTC Mobile Equipment Repair and Refinishing Rule Expand OTC Mobile Equipment Repair and Refinishing Rule to 

Upwind Counties. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand OTC Portable Fuel Containers Rule Expand OTC Portable Fuel Containers Rule to Upwind 

Counties. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand OTC Solvent Cleaning Rule Expand OTC Solvent Cleaning Rule to Upwind Counties. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Upwind Fuels Controls Expand Use of Reformulated Gasoline to Upwind Counties. 

Consider OTC Regional Fuels Initiative. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand Stage I Vapor Recovery Expand Requirements for Stage I Vapor Recovery to Upwind 

Counties. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand Stage II Vapor Recovery Expand requirements for Stage II Vapor Recovery to Upwind 

Counties. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Control Upwind Port Emissions Pursue approaches to reduce land-based port emissions. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Appendix I - Page Number:

50
Quick Reference: CP Phase II Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· After a rule is adopted, manufacturers will require additional time to produce and 

distribute new compliant products. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of First Benefits is 2009. However, the full benefits of new standards won't be 

realized until existing product inventories are sold and new products enter the market. 

· Potential products: aerosols, inks, lubricants, etc. Feasibility and impacts vary by 

product.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District. Additional regulations on this source may require complex 

negotiations with industry stakeholders.

Measure -- Expand Coverage of OTC Consumer Products Rule (Phase II)

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand Number of Products Covered by OTC Consumer Product 

Rule. Require Lower VOC Content of Products Already Covered.

Expand Coverage of OTC Consumer Products Rule 

(Phase II)

Appendix I - Page Number:

51
Quick Reference: AIMs Phase II Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District. Additional regulations on this source may require complex 

negotiations with industry stakeholders.

Measure -- Expand Coverage of OTC AIMs Rule (Phase II)

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand Number of Products Covered by OTC AIMs Rule. Require 

Lower VOC Content of Products Already Covered.

Expand Coverage of OTC AIMs Rule (Phase II)

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· After a rule is adopted, manufacturers will require additional time to produce and 

distribute new compliant products. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of First Benefits is 2009. However, the full benefits of new standards won't be 

realized until existing product inventories are sold and new products enter the market.

· Potential products: marine coatings, industrial maintenance coatings, wood coatings, 

etc. Feasibility and impacts vary by product.

Appendix I - Page Number:

52
Quick Reference: Adhesives Sealants Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations affecting adhesives and sealants.

Measure -- Control VOC Content of Adhesives and Sealants

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt OTC Model Rule. Reduce VOC limits for adhesives and 

sealants.

Control VOC Content of Adhesives and Sealants

Appendix I - Page Number:

53
Quick Reference: Heating Oil Stds Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

·Emission reduction potential during the ozone season may need further evaluation. 

May be candidate as a PM measure. 

· Year of First Benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Potential Adverse impacts. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District. Regulating regional fuel markets may pose difficult 

challenges. 

Measure -- Home Heating Oil Standards

RACM Criterion Summary

Home Heating Oil Standards Adopt OTC model rule on standards for home heating oils.

Appendix I - Page Number:

54
Quick Reference: RACT Incineration Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· This measure needs to be considered in light of potential new measures on larger 

incineration sources included in the stationary source inventory.

· Year of First Benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· The technological and economic feasibility of controlling smaller incineration sources 

and the potential for adverse impacts is not known at this time. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District. 

Measure -- RACT Update: Control Industrial Incineration

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement programs to reduce emissions from industrial 

incineration.

RACT Update: Control Industrial Incineration

Appendix I - Page Number:

55
Quick Reference: Mitigation Fees Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable -

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· State and local governments are preempted from regulating certain sources, 

including locomotives, heavy duty diesel construction equipment, and aircraft.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

'· It is not clear what authority states would have to implement a fee program.

Measure -- Mitigation Fees: Preempted Sources

RACM Criterion Summary

Mitigation Fees: Preempted Sources Charge emission mitigation fee to federally preempted sources.

· Year of First Benefits is unknown at this time.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

56
Quick Reference: Gas Can Replacement Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Measure -- "Cash for Clunkers" Gasoline Containers Replacement Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Accelerate the Replacement of Older Gasoline Cans with CARB 

Compliant Containers. Offer incentives for consumers to turn in 

old gas cans and obtain new ones.

"Cash for Clunkers" Gasoline Containers Replacement 

Program

· Voluntary Program. 

· Gas can replacements would speed the transition to newer lower emitting 

containers.

· Emission reductions from new gasoline containers may already be credited under 

the OTC model rule for portable fuel containers.

· Year of first benefits is 2006, 2007, or 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

57
Quick Reference: Asphalt Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: De minimis

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Low-Emission Asphalt

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt SCAQMD Rules 1108: Cutback Asphalt (less than 0.5% 

VOC evaporating at 260F) and 1108.1: Emulsified Asphalt (less 

than 3% VOC evaporating at 260F).

Low-Emission Asphalt

· Asphalt emissions in the region are only [0.025] tpd, which is below the de minimis 

threshold of 0.1 tpd

Emissions from asphalt paving do not exceed the de minimis threshold. Therefore this measure is not a RACM.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· The region already regulates asphalt application. Emissions from this source are 

very low.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

58
Quick Reference: Flaring Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: De minimis

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Control Landfills and Wastewater Facilities

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Landfills and Wastewater Facilities Reduce the NOx and VOC emission limits for flares.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· The technological and econmomic feasibility is not known at this time. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008. Potential emission reductions are de minimis .

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

59
Quick Reference: Open Burning Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· There would be no ozone-season reductions associated with this measure. The 

measure would expand existing ozone-season regulations year-round.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Expand Seasonal Open Burning Restrictions

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand Seasonal Open Burning Restrictions Expand prohibitions on seasonal open burning.

Appendix I - Page Number:

60
Quick Reference: Bakeries Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No 

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008. Not economically feasible. Potential emission reductions are de minimis . Potential adverse impacts.

Measure -- Control Bakeries

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1153: Commercial Bakery Ovens. Reduce 

exemption level and set standards for unregulated bakeries.

Control Bakeries

· This measure would affect not only large bakeries categorized as stationary sources, 

but also many smaller bakeries classified as area sources. As such, this measure has 

the potential to financially impact small businesses.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations affecting bakeries. 

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

61
Quick Reference: Restaurants Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No 

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008. Not economically feasible. Potential emission reductions are de minimis . Potential adverse impacts.

Measure -- Control Restaurant Sources

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement programs to reduce emissions from restaurants, 

including charbroil operations and deep fat fryers. 

Control Restaurant Sources

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations affecting restaurants. 

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

· This measure has the potential to financially impact small businesses.

Appendix I - Page Number:

62
Quick Reference: Drycleaning Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No 

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· This measure has the potential to financially impact small businesses.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008. Potential adverse impacts.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations affecting drycleaning operations.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Measure -- Control Drycleaning Facilities

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Drycleaning Facilities Ban transfer systems in Petroleum Dry Cleaning.

Appendix I - Page Number:

63
Quick Reference: Ag Best Practices Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No 

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Voluntary Program. This measure would require new innovative programs to reduce 

emissions from the agricultural sector. 

Measure -- Control Agricultural Sources

RACM Criterion Summary

Encourage agricultural best practices, including those that reduce 

pesticide use.

Control Agricultural Sources

· This measure may be more applicable in rural counties outside the nonattainment 

area. 

· Year of first benefits is 2007.

Appendix I - Page Number:

64
Quick Reference: Wineries Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No 

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· This measure has the potential to financially impact small businesses.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations affecting wineries.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Measure -- Control Fermentation Sources (wineries/breweries)

RACM Criterion Summary

Reduce evaporative VOC emissions from the fermentation process 

at wineries and/or breweries.

Control Fermentation Sources (wineries/breweries)

Appendix I - Page Number:

65
Quick Reference: Wastewater Treatment Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Control Wastewater Treatment Facilities

RACM Criterion Summary

Require capture and control of VOC emissions from facilities 

treating industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. Adopt 

SCAQMD Rule 1176: Sumps and Wastewater Separators.

Control Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations affecting wastewater treatment facilities.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

66
Quick Reference: Fuel Facilities Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Control VOC Emissions from Fuel Facilities 

RACM Criterion Summary

Reduce the VOC emission limits for bulk plants/terminal, including 

storage tanks. Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1178: Further Reductions of 

VOC Emissions from Storage Tanks at Petroleum Facilities.

Control VOC Emissions from Fuel Facilities 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations on fuel distribution facilities.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

67
Quick Reference: Construction Maintenance Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible No

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state governments to develop 

regulations affecting roofing kettles.

Measure -- Control VOC Emissions from Construction and Maintenance

RACM Criterion Summary

Control VOC Emissions from Construction and Reduce VOC emissions from roofing kettles.

Maintenance

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008. Potential adverse impacts. Not economically feasible. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

68
Quick Reference: Nat Gas Furnace Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: De minimis

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District. 

Measure -- Low-Emission Natural Gas Furnaces

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1111: NOx Emissions from Natural Gas 

Fired, Fan-Type Central Furnaces (no more than 40 nanograms of 

NOx per joule of useful heat).

Low-Emission Natural Gas Furnaces

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Any regulation creating more stringent emission limits would be controversial.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008. Potential adverse impacts. Potential emission reductions are de minimis .

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

69
Quick Reference: Nat Gas Water Heaters Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: De minimis

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Any regulation creating more stringent emission limits would be controversial.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by 2008. Potential adverse impacts. Potential emission reductions are de minimis .

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District. 

Measure -- Low-Emission Natural Gas Water Heaters

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt SCAQMD Rule 1121: Control of NOx from Residential Type 

Natural Gas Fired Water Heaters.

Low-Emission Natural Gas Water Heaters

Appendix I - Page Number:

70
Quick Reference: Res Wood Burning Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary Program. This measure would involve swapping out old stoves with new 

low-emitting technology. 

Measure -- Control Residential Wood Burning

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement voluntary program to reduce emissions from woodburning fireplaces and wood stoves. Control Residential Wood Burning

· Ozone season emission reductions may be minimal. Candidate as a PM measure. 

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

71
Quick Reference: Restrict Land Use Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Voluntary Program. This measure would require jurisdictions in the region to 

implement land use controls that reduce emissions. 

Measure -- Control Growth and Development: Land Use Restrictions

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement land use restrictions to control residential, commercial, 

and industrial development in the nonattainment area.

Control Growth and Development: Land Use Restrictions

· Aspects of this measure may be considered Transportation Emission Reduction 

Measures.

· Year of first benefits is 2007.

Appendix I - Page Number:

72
Quick Reference: Development Mitigation Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Voluntary Program. This measure would require jurisdictions in the region to 

implement a program that requires developers to mitigate emissions from new 

development. 

Measure -- Control Growth and Development: Mitigate New Development

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Growth and Development: Mitigate New Mitigate emissions from new development.

Development

· Aspects of this measure may be considered Transportation Emission Reduction 

Measures.

· Consider implementing a public benefits fee on new construction permits to fund 

emission reduction projects. 

· Year of first benefits is 2007.

Appendix I - Page Number:

73
Quick Reference: Urban Heat Island Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Urban Heat Island Mitigation

RACM Criterion Summary

Develop programs to mitigate urban heat islands, including tree & 

vegetation expansion, green roofs, and cool pavements.

Urban Heat Island Mitigation

· Year of first benefits is unknown at this time.

Appendix I - Page Number:

74
Quick Reference: Episodic Measures Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Episodic measures have been adopted and are being implemented in the Washington region.

Measure -- Episodic Area Source Measures

RACM Criterion Summary

Measures could include a variety of programs including Air Quality 

Action Days, no fuels policy, no mow policy, public outreach and 

education, best practices, etc.

Episodic Area Source Measures

Appendix I - Page Number:

75
Quick Reference: Procurement Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Green Procurement Policy

RACM Criterion Summary

Establish procurement policies that foster emission reduction 

(paints, solvents, coatings, asphalt, roofs, building materials, AFVs, 

EE office equipment, ULSD).

Green Procurement Policy

Appendix I - Page Number:

76
Quick Reference: Enforce Open Burning Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Enhanced Enforcement of Area Source Regs: Open Burning

RACM Criterion Summary

Enhanced Enforcement of Area Source Regs: Open Enhance enforcement of seasonal open burning restrictions.

Burning

Because no additional emissions reductions are anticipated to result from adoption of this measure, the measure would not advance attainment and is not 

RACM.

Appendix I - Page Number:

77
Quick Reference: Enforce Solvent Cleaning Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Because no additional emissions reductions are anticipated to result from adoption of this measure, the measure would not advance attainment and is not 

RACM.

Measure -- Enhanced Enforcement of Area Source Regs: Solvent Cleaning

RACM Criterion Summary

Enhanced Enforcement of Area Source Regs: Solvent Enhance enforcement of surface cleaning rules.

Cleaning

Appendix I - Page Number:

78
Quick Reference: Compliance Audits Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Enhanced Enforcement: Environmental Partnerships/Pollution Prevention Initiatives

RACM Criterion Summary

Voluntary compliance audits, encourage low emitting technology (swap 

out solvent machines)

Enhanced Enforcement: Environmental 

Partnerships/Pollution Prevention Initiatives

Because no additional emissions reductions are anticipated to result from adoption of this measure, the measure would not advance attainment and is not RACM.

Appendix I - Page Number:

79
Quick Reference: Upwind AIMs Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

No. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

·Year of first benefits is unknown at this time. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Expand OTC AIMs Rule

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand OTC AIMs Rule Expand OTC AIMs Rule to Upwind Counties.

Appendix I - Page Number:

80
Quick Reference: Upwind Consumer Products Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Expand OTC Consumer Products Rule

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand OTC Consumer Products Rule Expand OTC Consumer Product Rule to Upwind Counties.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

No. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

·Year of first benefits is unknown at this time. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

81
Quick Reference: Upwind MERR Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

No. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

·Year of first benefits is unknown at this time. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Expand OTC Mobile Equipment Repair and Refinishing Rule

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand OTC Mobile Equipment Repair and Refinishing Rule to 

Upwind Counties.

Expand OTC Mobile Equipment Repair and Refinishing 

Rule

Appendix I - Page Number:

82
Quick Reference: Upwind Solvent Cleaning Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Expand OTC Solvent Cleaning Rule

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand OTC Solvent Cleaning Rule Expand OTC Solvent Cleaning Rule to Upwind Counties.

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

No. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

·Year of first benefits is unknown at this time. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

83
Quick Reference: Upwind PFC Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

No. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

·Year of first benefits is unknown at this time. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Expand OTC Portable Fuel Containers Rule

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand OTC Portable Fuel Containers Rule Expand OTC Portable Fuel Containers Rule to Upwind Counties.

Appendix I - Page Number:

84
Quick Reference: Upwind Stage I Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

·Year of first benefits is unknown at this time. 

No. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Virginia law expressly prohibits expansion of Stage I to areas that are in attainment. 

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Expand Stage I Vapor Recovery 

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand Requirements for Stage I Vapor Recovery to Upwind 

Counties.

Expand Stage I Vapor Recovery 

Appendix I - Page Number:

85
Quick Reference: Upwind Stage II Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Expand Stage II Vapor Recovery

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand requirements for Stage II Vapor Recovery to Upwind 

Counties.

Expand Stage II Vapor Recovery

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

·Year of first benefits is unknown at this time. 

No. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Virginia law expressly prohibits expansion of Stage II to areas that are in attainment. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

86
Quick Reference: Upwind Fuels Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia, 

or other upwind states.

Measure -- Upwind Fuels Controls

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand Use of Reformulated Gasoline to Upwind Counties. 

Consider OTC Regional Fuels Initiative.

Upwind Fuels Controls

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

·Year of first benefits is unknown at this time. 

No. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Regulating regional fuel markets may pose difficult and unique challenges. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

87
Quick Reference: Upwind Ports Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions ·Year of first benefits is unknown at this time. 

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Control Upwind Port Emissions

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Upwind Port Emissions Pursue approaches to reduce land-based port emissions.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by upwind 

states.

No. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

·A significant portion of port emissions are federally preempted from state and local 

control. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

88
Appendix 

Analysis of Potential 

Non-Road Source Measures

Appendix I - Page Number:

89
Quick Reference Measure Name Definition RACM Reason

Construction Initiative 1

Clean Air Maintenance Initiative: Road Maintenance Contracts

Develop alternative programs for state and local governments 

(public entities) to reduce on-road and off-road construction and 

maintenance related emissions. Episodic: no work or idling 

restrictions. Non-episodic: Control retrofits.

No No creditable 

emission reduction

Construction Initiative 2

Clean Air Construction Initiative: Road Construction Projects

Develop alternative programs for state and local governments 

(public entities) to reduce on-road and off-road construction and 

maintenance related emissions. Episodic: no work or idling 

restrictions. Non-episodic: Control retrofits.

No No creditable 

emission reduction

Construction Initiative 3

Clean Air Construction Initiative: Off-Road Construction Projects

Develop alternative programs for state and local governments 

(public entities) to reduce on-road and off-road construction and 

maintenance related emissions. Episodic: no work or idling 

restrictions. Non-episodic: Control retrofits.

No No creditable 

emission reduction

Construction Initiative 4

Clean Air Construction Initiative: Preference for Low-emissions 

Industrial Equipment

In bids for government contracts, award extra points to bidders 

using low-emission industrial equipment. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Vol Nonroad Retrofits Non-Road Diesel Engine Retrofit Program: Voluntary Develop voluntary program encouraging retrofit of non-road 

diesel equipment in public and/or private fleets. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Mand Nonroad Retrofits

Non-Road Diesel Engine Retrofit Program: Mandatory Develop mandatory program requiring retrofit of non-road diesel 

equipment in public and/or private fleets. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Smoke Test

Control Off-Road Diesel Engines (smoke test) Implement mandatory smoke testing program for heavy-duty 

(>50 hp) off-road diesel engines. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Locomotive Repower

Retrofit/Repower Locomotives

Provide financial incentives to retrofit or repower locomotives 

operating in the nonattainment area for cleaner burning diesel or

alternative fuels.

No No creditable 

emission reduction

Locomotive Idling Locomotive Idling Reduction Support Installation of Idling Reduction Technologies on 

Locomotives. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Airport Cap Airport Emission Cap Establish Agreement with Airports Authority to Cap or Reduce 

Emissions. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Upwind Airports Airport Emissions Cap in Upwind Counties Voluntary Agreement to Cap Airport Emissions Outside the 

Nonattainment Area. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Locomotive Eng Stds

Locomotive Engine Standards Encourage new federal locomotive engine emission standards 

(EPA 2012) No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Marine Eng Stds

Marine Diesel Engine Standards Encourage new federal marine engine emission standards (EPA

2012). No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Cetane

High Cetane Fuel Require High Cetane Diesel Fuel for Off-road Vehicles. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Offroad Biodiesel Biodiesel for Off-Road Equipment Increase use of biodiesel in off-road diesel equipment during 

ozone season. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Episodic Nonroad

Episodic Nonroad Measures

Implement a variety of episodic measures targeting sources in 

the non-road sector, including lawn and garden equipment, 

commercial and industrial equipment, recreational equipment, 

marine, etc. 

No No creditable 

emission reduction

Blue Sky Program Control Off-Road Diesel Engines (Blue Sky) Encourage the use of engines that are included in EPA’s 

voluntary “Blue Sky Series” engine program. No No creditable 

emission reductions

SI Engines Retrofit Control Spark Ignition Engines Retrofit controls and 3-way catalyst for spark ignition engines. No No creditable 

emission reductions

2-Cycle Replacement "Cash for Clunkers" 2-cycle Engines Implement a 2-cycle Engine Replacement Program. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Lawn Equip Replacement "Cash for Clunkers" Lawn & Garden Equipment Offer cash for consumers to turn in lawnmowers or lawn tractors 

and purchase electric or push mowers. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Outboard Replacement "Cash for Clunkers" Outboard Motors Offer cash for consumers to turn in old outboard motors and 

purchase new ones. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Rec Equip Replace "Cash for Clunkers" Recreational Equipment Program Offer small cash reward for owners to turn in old, high-emission 

recreational equipment. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Lawn Equip Idling Idling Restrictions for Lawn & Garden Equipment Limit idling by commercial lawn & garden equipment. No Not enforceable

Xeriscaping Control Emissions from Lawn and Garden Equipment (xeriscaping) Adopt measures to reduce lawn area and mower usage. 

Xeriscaping. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Ag Retrofits

Agricultural Equipment Retrofits Require agricultural equipment to be retrofitted with emissions 

controls. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Ag Restrictions Agricultural Equipment Use Restrictions Ban use of agricultural equipment on Air Quality Action Days. No Not feasible

Low Emission Ag

Low-emissions Agricultural Equipment Require sale of low-emissions agricultural equipment in region. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Ind Equip Replacement Industrial Equipment Replacement Subsidize replacement of fossil-fuel fired industrial equipment 

with electric industrial equipment. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Ind Equip Retrofit

Industrial Equipment Retrofits Require industrial equipment to be retrofitted with emissions 

controls. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Low Emission Ind

Low-emissions Commercial and Industrial Equipment Require sale of low-emissions commercial and industrial 

equipment in region. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Potential Non-Road Source RACM Measures in the Metropolitan Washington Region

Nonroad RACM 5/17/2007 L-2 Appendix I - Page Number:

90
Ind Equip Idling Idling Restrictions for Commercial and Industrial Equipment Limit idling by commercial and industrial equipment. No Not economically 

feasible

Construction Fleet Rules Control Construction Emissions Limitations and Fleet Rules for Construction Equipment. No Not economically 

feasible

Generator Retrofits Control Light Commercial Equipment Retrofit portable engines and generators. No Not economically 

feasible

Rec Equip Retrofits Recreational Equipment Retrofits Require recreational equipment to be retrofitted with particulate 

fitlers and/or oxidation catalysts. No Not economically 

feasible

Marine Idling Recreational Marine Idling Restrictions Restrict idling of marine equipment, either through voluntary or 

mandatory approaches. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Marine Incentives Control Recreational Marine Emissions Provide incentives for newer boats and engines. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Rec Equip Fee Control Recreational Equipment Emissions Increase registration fee on recreational vehicles (dedicate fee 

to clean air fund). No Not economically 

feasible

Tug Boats Control Commercial Marine Sources Tug/Push Boat Activity Reductions. No Potential adverse 

impacts

Port Fees Control Upwind Port Emissions Emission Fee Program for Port-Related Mobile Sources No No creditable 

emission reductions

Graduated Fees

Graduated registration fees for recreational boats Levee additional registration fee for registration of boats with 

old, high-emission engines. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Low Nox Fuel Additives Low Nox Fuel Additives Require the use of low-NOx fuel additives in nonroad equipment. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Air Congest Pricing Airport Congestion Pricing Charge higher aircraft landing fees during busy times of day to 

reduce airport delays and congestion. No Not economically 

feasible

Nonroad Gas Tax Gas Tax Increase Implement a fuel tax on off-road gasoline. No Not economically 

feasible

Nonroad Diesel Tax Diesel Tax Increase Implement a fuel tax on off-road diesel. No Not economically 

feasible

Nonroad RACM 5/17/2007 L-3 Appendix I - Page Number:

91
Quick Reference: Construction Initiative 1 Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

· Potential adverse impacts. 

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Clean Air Maintenance Initiative: Road Maintenance Contracts

RACM Criterion Summary

Develop alternative programs for state and local governments 

(public entities) to reduce on-road and off-road construction and 

maintenance related emissions. Episodic: no work or idling 

restrictions. Non-episodic: Control retrofits.

Clean Air Maintenance Initiative: Road Maintenance 

Contracts

Appendix I - Page Number:

92
Quick Reference: Construction Initiative 2 Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Clean Air Construction Initiative: Road Construction Projects

RACM Criterion Summary

Develop alternative programs for state and local governments 

(public entities) to reduce on-road and off-road construction and 

maintenance related emissions. Episodic: no work or idling 

restrictions. Non-episodic: Control retrofits.

Clean Air Construction Initiative: Road Construction 

Projects

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

· Potential adverse impacts. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

93
Quick Reference: Construction Initiative 3 Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

· Potential adverse impacts. 

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Clean Air Construction Initiative: Off-Road Construction Projects

RACM Criterion Summary

Develop alternative programs for state and local governments 

(public entities) to reduce on-road and off-road construction and 

maintenance related emissions. Episodic: no work or idling 

restrictions. Non-episodic: Control retrofits.

Clean Air Construction Initiative: Off-Road Construction 

Projects

Appendix I - Page Number:

94
Quick Reference: Construction Initiative 4 Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Clean Air Construction Initiative: Preference for Low-emissions Industrial 

Equipment

RACM Criterion Summary

In bids for government contracts, award extra points to bidders 

using low-emission industrial equipment.

Clean Air Construction Initiative: Preference for Lowemissions Industrial Equipment

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

· Potential adverse impacts. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

95
Quick Reference: Vol Nonroad Retrofits Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

· It may not be technologically feasible to retrofit all types of non-road equipment. 

· This measure could also be considered as a TERM in the transportation plan, 

depending on guidance.

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Non-Road Diesel Engine Retrofit Program: Voluntary

RACM Criterion Summary

Develop voluntary program encouraging retrofit of non-road diesel 

equipment in public and/or private fleets.

Non-Road Diesel Engine Retrofit Program: Voluntary

Appendix I - Page Number:

96
Quick Reference: Mand Nonroad Retrofits Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Non-Road Diesel Engine Retrofit Program: Mandatory

RACM Criterion Summary

Develop mandatory program requiring retrofit of non-road diesel 

equipment in public and/or private fleets.

Non-Road Diesel Engine Retrofit Program: Mandatory

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Potential adverse impacts. Any regulation mandating nonroad equipment retrofits 

would be controversial.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

97
Quick Reference: Smoke Test Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Potential adverse impacts. High administrative costs.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Year of first benefits is 2009.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Control Off-Road Diesel Engines (smoke test)

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement mandatory smoke testing program for heavy-duty (>50 

hp) off-road diesel engines.

Control Off-Road Diesel Engines (smoke test)

Appendix I - Page Number:

98
Quick Reference: Locomotive Repower Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Retrofit/Repower Locomotives

RACM Criterion Summary

Provide financial incentives to retrofit or repower locomotives 

operating in the nonattainment area for cleaner burning diesel or 

alternative fuels.

Retrofit/Repower Locomotives

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

99
Quick Reference: Locomotive Idling Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Locomotive Idling Reduction

RACM Criterion Summary

Support Installation of Idling Reduction Technologies on 

Locomotives.

Locomotive Idling Reduction

Appendix I - Page Number:

100
Quick Reference: Airport Cap Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Airport Emission Cap

RACM Criterion Summary

Establish Agreement with Airports Authority to Cap or Reduce 

Emissions.

Airport Emission Cap

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

· Consider electric GSE, GSE retrofits, GSE idling controls, gate electrification.

· This measure could also involve the airports authority entering into agreements with 

airlines to cap or reduce emissions. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· This measure would require the airports authority to cap emissions from airport 

sources not subject to federal preemption. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

101
Quick Reference: Upwind Airports Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

· This measure could also involve the airports authority entering into agreements with 

airlines to cap or reduce emissions. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· This measure would require the airports authority to cap emissions from airport 

sources not subject to federal preemption. 

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Airport Emissions Cap in Upwind Counties

RACM Criterion Summary

Voluntary Agreement to Cap Airport Emissions Outside the 

Nonattainment Area.

Airport Emissions Cap in Upwind Counties

Appendix I - Page Number:

102
Quick Reference: Locomotive Eng Stds Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable -

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require federal action. States are 

preempted from regulating this source. 

Measure -- Locomotive Engine Standards

RACM Criterion Summary

Encourage new federal locomotive engine emission standards 

(EPA 2012)

Locomotive Engine Standards

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2012.

Appendix I - Page Number:

103
Quick Reference: Marine Eng Stds Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable -

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2012.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require federal action. States are 

preempted from regulating this source. 

Measure -- Marine Diesel Engine Standards

RACM Criterion Summary

Encourage new federal marine engine emission standards (EPA 

2012).

Marine Diesel Engine Standards

Appendix I - Page Number:

104
Quick Reference: Cetane Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- High Cetane Fuel

RACM Criterion Summary

High Cetane Fuel Require High Cetane Diesel Fuel for Off-road Vehicles.

Appendix I - Page Number:

105
Quick Reference: Offroad Biodiesel Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Biodiesel for Off-Road Equipment

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase use of biodiesel in off-road diesel equipment during ozone 

season.

Biodiesel for Off-Road Equipment

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

106
Quick Reference: Episodic Nonroad Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable -

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Episodic Nonroad Measures

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement a variety of episodic measures targeting sources in the 

non-road sector, including lawn and garden equipment, 

commercial and industrial equipment, recreational equipment, 

marine, etc. 

Episodic Nonroad Measures

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction. May be included in voluntary bundle. This measure is unenforceable from a practical standpoint. 

· This is an episodic measure that would be effective only on Air Quality Ozone Action 

Days.

· This measure cannot be enforced. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

107
Quick Reference: Blue Sky Program Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Control Off-Road Diesel Engines (Blue Sky)

RACM Criterion Summary

Encourage the use of engines that are included in EPA’s voluntary 

“Blue Sky Series” engine program.

Control Off-Road Diesel Engines (Blue Sky)

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

108
Quick Reference: SI Engines Retrofit Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

· It may not be technologically feasible to retrofit all types of spark ignition equipment. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Control Spark Ignition Engines

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Spark Ignition Engines Retrofit controls and 3-way catalyst for spark ignition engines.

Appendix I - Page Number:

109
Quick Reference: 2-Cycle Replacement Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- "Cash for Clunkers" 2-cycle Engines

RACM Criterion Summary

"Cash for Clunkers" 2-cycle Engines Implement a 2-cycle Engine Replacement Program.

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

110
Quick Reference: Lawn Equip Replacement Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- "Cash for Clunkers" Lawn & Garden Equipment

RACM Criterion Summary

Offer cash for consumers to turn in lawnmowers or lawn tractors 

and purchase electric or push mowers.

"Cash for Clunkers" Lawn & Garden Equipment

Appendix I - Page Number:

111
Quick Reference: Outboard Replacement Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- "Cash for Clunkers" Outboard Motors

RACM Criterion Summary

Offer cash for consumers to turn in old outboard motors and 

purchase new ones.

"Cash for Clunkers" Outboard Motors

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

112
Quick Reference: Rec Equip Replace Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- "Cash for Clunkers" Recreational Equipment Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Offer small cash reward for owners to turn in old, high-emission 

recreational equipment.

"Cash for Clunkers" Recreational Equipment Program

Appendix I - Page Number:

113
Quick Reference: Lawn Equip Idling Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not enforceable

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Idling Restrictions for Lawn & Garden Equipment

RACM Criterion Summary

Idling Restrictions for Lawn & Garden Equipment Limit idling by commercial lawn & garden equipment.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· The administrative cost of enforcement is prohibitive. Potential adverse impacts.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

114
Quick Reference: Xeriscaping Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Control Emissions from Lawn and Garden Equipment (xeriscaping)

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt measures to reduce lawn area and mower usage. 

Xeriscaping.

Control Emissions from Lawn and Garden Equipment 

(xeriscaping)

Appendix I - Page Number:

115
Quick Reference: Ag retrofits Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Agricultural Equipment Retrofits

RACM Criterion Summary

Require agricultural equipment to be retrofitted with emissions 

controls.

Agricultural Equipment Retrofits

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is not known at this time. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Because there are no regional standards for low-emissions agricultural equipment, 

rule development would be extensive and time consuming. The compliance period 

would also have to be extensive to permit manufacturers to develop new products or 

select retrofits.

Appendix I - Page Number:

116
Quick Reference: Ag Restrictions 1 Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential adverse impacts, especially in the case of multi-day exceedance episodes

Enforcement of this measure would be prohibitively difficult, as there is no registry of affected equipment operators nor is there an effective method for 

ensuring they comply with the rule. Therefore the measure is not a RACM.

· Consider a mandatory or voluntary approach. A voluntary approach would be 

unenforceable. There are no creditable emission reductions. 

Measure -- Agricultural Equipment Use Restrictions

RACM Criterion Summary

Agricultural Equipment Use Restrictions Ban use of agricultural equipment on Air Quality Action Days.

· No registry of farmers or operators of agricultural equipment exists, such that they 

could be provided with Ozone Action Day notices in a timely manner. Affected 

operators may not use email and may be unwilling to check call in numbers daily.

· Enforcement of this measure would be difficult and costly due to the wide 

geographical area to be patrolled. A daily visit by an inspector would not ensure that 

equipment was not being operated before or after the visit.

· Because states do not have the personnel to enforce this rule, they would need to 

rely on local enforcement or hire additional staff. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

117
Quick Reference: Low Emission Ag Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Low-emissions Agricultural Equipment

RACM Criterion Summary

Low-emissions Agricultural Equipment Require sale of low-emissions agricultural equipment in region.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is not known at this time. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Because there are no regional standards for low-emissions agricultural equipment, 

rule development would be extensive and time consuming. The compliance period 

would also have to be extensive to permit manufacturers to develop new products or 

select retrofits.

Appendix I - Page Number:

118
Quick Reference: Ind Equip Replacement Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Industrial Equipment Replacement

RACM Criterion Summary

Subsidize replacement of fossil-fuel fired industrial equipment with 

electric industrial equipment.

Industrial Equipment Replacement

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

119
Quick Reference: Ind Equip Retrofit Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is not known at this time. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Rule development would be extensive and time consuming. The compliance period 

would also have to permit manufacturers to develop new products or select retrofits.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Industrial Equipment Retrofits

RACM Criterion Summary

Require industrial equipment to be retrofitted with emissions 

controls.

Industrial Equipment Retrofits

Appendix I - Page Number:

120
Quick Reference: Low Emission Ind Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is not known at this time. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Rule development would be extensive and time consuming. The compliance period 

would also have to permit manufacturers to develop new products or select retrofits.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Low-emissions Commercial and Industrial Equipment

RACM Criterion Summary

Require sale of low-emissions commercial and industrial 

equipment in region.

Low-emissions Commercial and Industrial Equipment

Appendix I - Page Number:

121
Quick Reference: Ind Equip Idling Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not economically feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Idling Restrictions for Commercial and Industrial Equipment

RACM Criterion Summary

Idling Restrictions for Commercial and Industrial Limit idling by commercial and industrial equipment.

Equipment

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· The administrative cost of enforcement is prohibitive. Potential adverse impacts.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

122
Quick Reference: Rec Equip Retrofits Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not economically feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Recreational Equipment Retrofits

RACM Criterion Summary

Require recreational equipment to be retrofitted with particulate 

fitlers and/or oxidation catalysts.

Recreational Equipment Retrofits

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is not known at this time. 

Not RACM. Not economically feasible.

· Costs to administer program prohibitive. 

· Rule development would be extensive and time consuming. The compliance period 

would also have to permit time for installing retrofits.

Appendix I - Page Number:

123
Quick Reference: Generator Retrofits Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not economically feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is not known at this time. 

Not RACM. Not economically feasible.

· Costs to administer program prohibitive. 

· Rule development would be extensive and time consuming. The compliance period 

would also have to permit time for installing retrofits.

· Mandatory Program. This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Control Light Commercial Equipment

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Light Commercial Equipment Retrofit portable engines and generators.

Appendix I - Page Number:

124
Quick Reference: Construction Fleet Rules Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not economically feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Any regulation on private construction equipment fleets would be controversial.

Not RACM. Potential adverse impacts. Not economically feasible.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

· This measure would require either state-level regulation by Maryland, Virginia and 

the District.

Measure -- Control Construction Emissions

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Construction Emissions Limitations and Fleet Rules for Construction Equipment.

Page 37 Appendix I - Page Number:

125
Quick Reference: Marine Idling Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

This measure could be adopted as either a voluntary or mandatory measure, either 

year-round, during the ozone season, or on Air Quality Action Days.

Measure -- Recreational Marine Idling Restrictions

RACM Criterion Summary

Restrict idling of marine equipment, either through voluntary or 

mandatory approaches.

Recreational Marine Idling Restrictions

·If a mandatory measure, all three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass 

and require compliance with a regulation.

NOT RACM. Mandatory program cannot achieve reductions by May 2008. Administrative cost of program prohibitive.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

126
Quick Reference: Low Nox Fuel Additives Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· If a mandatory measure, all three states require well over 12 months to develop, 

pass and require compliance with a regulation.

NOT RACM. Mandatory program cannot achieve reductions by May 2008. Administrative cost of program prohibitive.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

· This measure could be adopted as either a voluntary or mandatory measure, for a 

variety of different equipment types. 

Measure -- Low Nox Fuel Additives

RACM Criterion Summary

Low Nox Fuel Additives Require the use of low-NOx fuel additives in nonroad equipment.

Appendix I - Page Number:

127
Quick Reference: Marine Incentives Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle.

Measure -- Control Recreational Marine Emissions

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Recreational Marine Emissions Provide incentives for newer boats and engines.

· Year of first benefits is 2007, 2008, or 2009. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

128
Quick Reference: Rec Equip Fee Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not economically feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. Not economically feasible. No reductions by May 2008.

· This measure would require either state-level regulation by Maryland, Virginia and 

the District.

Measure -- Control Recreational Equipment Emissions

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase registration fee on recreational vehicles (dedicate fee to 

clean air fund).

Control Recreational Equipment Emissions

Appendix I - Page Number:

129
Quick Reference: Tug Boats Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Potential adverse impacts

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· This measure would require either state-level regulation by Maryland, Virginia and 

the District.

Measure -- Control Commercial Marine Sources

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Commercial Marine Sources Tug/Push Boat Activity Reductions.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. Not economically feasible. Potential adverse impacts. No reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

130
Quick Reference: Port Fees Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· This measure would require either state-level regulation by Maryland, Virginia and 

the District.

Measure -- Control Upwind Port Emissions

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Upwind Port Emissions Emission Fee Program for Port-Related Mobile Sources

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· The IAQC is currently evaluating the potential for controls on upwind sources.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Appendix I - Page Number:

131
Quick Reference: Graduated Fees Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. No reductions by May 2008. Not economically feasible.

· This measure would require either state-level regulation by Maryland, Virginia and 

the District.

Measure -- Graduated registration fees for recreational boats

RACM Criterion Summary

Levee additional registration fee for registration of boats with old, 

high-emission engines.

Graduated registration fees for recreational boats

Appendix I - Page Number:

132
Quick Reference: Air Congest Pricing Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not economically feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· This measure could be adopted as either a voluntary or mandatory measure. 

Measure -- Airport Congestion Pricing

RACM Criterion Summary

Charge higher aircraft landing fees during busy times of day to 

reduce airport delays and congestion.

Airport Congestion Pricing

· If a mandatory measure, all three states require well over 12 months to develop, 

pass and require compliance with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. Not economically feasible. No reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

133
Quick Reference: Nonroad Gas Tax Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not economically feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, Virginia and the 

District.

Measure -- Gas Tax Increase

RACM Criterion Summary

Gas Tax Increase Implement a fuel tax on off-road gasoline.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. No reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

134
Quick Reference: Nonroad Diesel Tax Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not economically feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009.

Not RACM. No reductions by May 2008.

· This measure would require state-level regulation by Maryland, Virginia and the 

District.

Measure -- Diesel Tax Increase

RACM Criterion Summary

Diesel Tax Increase Implement a fuel tax on off-road diesel.

Appendix I - Page Number:

135
Appendix 

Analysis of Potential 

Mobile Source Measures

Appendix I - Page Number:

136
Potential Mobile Source RACM Measures in the Metropolitan Washington Region

Measure Name Definition RACM Reason

CAL LEV II Standards

Adopt CAL LEV II Standards, which will require increased zero 

emission vehicles with marginal VOC and CO2 reductions in 

2010.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand Remote Sensing Program Expand the Adoption of a Remote Sensing Program to 

Maryland and the District of Columbia. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

OTC Corridor Strategy

Implement truck stop electrification projects and Heavy-Duty 

Engine Engine Control Module (ECM) Recalibration (chip 

reflash) along the I-95 corridor.

No No creditable 

emission reduction

Low-emission Vehicle Purchases Accelerate adoption of low-emission vehicles. Target a variety 

of fleet and vehicle types. No Not enforceable

Voluntary Diesel Retrofits Implement voluntary diesel retrofit programs. Target a variety of 

fleet and vehicle types. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Mandatory Diesel Retrofit Program Require retrofit of onroad diesel vehicles. Target a variety of 

fleet and vehicle types. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Rebate for Purchase of Hybrid Vehicles Issue rebate for purchase and registration of hybrid vehicles. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Zero I/M waivers and exemptions Eliminate all waivers and exemptions in the I/M program. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Fleet ILEV for light-duty gasoline vehicles Require fleets operating in nonattainment area to be comprised 

of a percentage of Inherently Low Emission Vehicles (ILEV). No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand I/M Requirements to Upwind Counties Expand Inspection and Maintenance Requirements. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Control Vehicle Idling

No Idling Rule – Restriction. Limits idling to 5 minutes for all 

non-commercial, consumer operated vehicles within the 

Washington NAA. Establish exemptions where required.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Enhanced Enforcement of Mobile Source Regulations Increase smoking vehicle enforcement. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Enhanced Enforcement of Vehicle Idling Step-up enforcement of existing regulations to prevent extended 

vehicle idling. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Enhanced Enforcement: Speed Limits Increase speed limit enforcement so that more vehicles are 

traveling at or below the posted limit. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Vehicle Share Programs Develop vehicle share programs. No No creditable 

emission reduction

On-road Heavy-Duty Diesel Smoke Testing and I/M Program Implement a smoke testing and/or Inspection/Maintenance 

Program for on-road heavy-duty diesel engines. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Control Bus Emissions Provide electrified parking spaces or APUs for tour buses. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Control Delivery Truck Emissions Establish voluntary emission reduction program with delivery 

fleets. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Appendix I - Page Number:

137
"Cash for Clunkers" On-Road Vehicles Fund voluntary program paying vehicle owners to turn in old 

vehicles for scrappage. No Not economically 

feasible

Annual Gasoline Vehicle Pollution Fee Levy an annual fee on petroleum-powered vehicles based on 

mileage driven and emission rates (odometer tax). No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Graduated Car Tax Charge higher car tax under a variety of different scenarios, 

including multiple cars and petroleum-based vehicles. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Pay-as-you-drive auto insurance ($/gal) Offer auto insurance rates linked to number of gallons of fuel 

consumed by vehicle. No

Will not provide

reductions by May 

2008

Control VOC Content of Automotive Products

Windshield Wiper Fluid – lower VOC. Establish evaporative 

standards that are lower than those set by the EPA – 35 weightpercent VOC.No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Gasoline Engine Retrofit Program Retrofit with 3-way catalysts on gasoline-burning heavy duty 

trucks that currently have 2-way catalysts or no catalysts. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Motorcycle I/M Program End the motorcycle smog check exemption. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

"Cash for Clunkers" Gas Caps Program Provide free replacement gas caps to light- and medium-duty 

vehicle owners. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Electric Vehicle Tax Incentives Establish incentives to purchase electric vehicles. No Not enforceable

Truck Idling Reduction: Truck Stop Electrification (TSE) Implement projects to electrify truck stops. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Truck Idling Reduction: Auxilliary Power Units (APU) Increase market penetration of APUs to reduce truck idling. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Improve Truck Fleet Fuel Economy Encourage adoption of technologies that increase truck fleet 

fuel economy. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Increase Intermodal Transport Increase use of intermodal options for transporting goods. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Control Heavy Duty Diesel Engines Heavy-duty engine Engine Control Module (ECM) recalibration 

(chip reflash). No No creditable 

emission reduction

Diesel I/M Program Perform community-based inspections of trucks and buses. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Establish Restricted Zones in Downtown Areas and Transit Centers Restrict private vehicle use in certain areas during business 

hours, encouraging pedestrian, bicycle, and transit use. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Biodiesel Fuel Expand use of biodiesel fuel for on-road vehicles. No No creditable 

emission reduction

CARB Diesel Fuel Implement CARB diesel fuel standards. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

High Cetane Fuel Require high-Cetane diesel fuel for on-road vehicles. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Low-NOx Diesel Fuel Require regional use of low-NOx fuel additives for on-road 

diesel vehicles No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Fuel Additives to Reduce Emissions Use emulsified diesel fuel in diesel-burning heavy duty vehicles. No Not enforceable

Gas Tax Increase Implement a fuel tax on on-road gasoline. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Appendix I - Page Number:

138
Diesel Tax Increase Implement a fuel tax on on-road diesel. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand HOV Network on the Freeway System Construct additional HOV lanes on regional freeways. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Manage Roadway Usage: Traffic Incident Management

Regional Travel Information System/Driver Assistance. 

Enhance real time traffic information to allow drivers to make 

better decisions about when and where to travel. 

No No creditable 

emission reductions

Replace Traffic Signals with Lesser Controls Install roundabouts in place of signals at low volume 

intersections. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Signals to Flashing Yellow 12am-5am

From midnight until 5am, set intersection signals to flashing 

yellow in predominant direction and flashing red in minor 

direction for all low volume intersections where safety permits.

No No creditable 

emission reductions

Traffic Signal Optimization Regularly optimize traffic signals to reduce idling and low-speed 

emissions. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Build Park & Ride Lots at Major Intersections of Commuter Highways Construct new park & ride commuter lots along HOV facilities. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Extend Ramp Metering Install signals to control flow of vehicles at selected freeway 

ramp entrances to maintain level of service. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Permit Right Turn on Red Reduce vehicle idling time by permitting right turn on red, where 

safety allows. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Manage Roadway Usage: No Drive Days

Odd/Even License Plate no Drive Days. Prohibit drivers from 

traveling during certain periods, based on vehicle tags or other 

easily identifiable criteria. Can be a permanent or episodic 

control.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Congestion Pricing on Low Occupancy Vehicles

Impose a fee on vehicles containing two or fewer persons that 

use designated roadways, tunnels, and bridges during the peak 

AM periods.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Green Curb Initiative

Restricted Access/ “Green Curb”. Differential fees and access 

permits applied during periods of high congestion. Target 

delivery/loading zones and carpool/vanpool pickup areas.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Area Pricing: Entry Fees Collect fees from drivers to enter a pre-defined area. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Transportation Funding Initiatives Require that Congestion Mitigation Air Quality (CMAQ) funds be 

used only for projects that improve air quality. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Establish Clean Air Fund Sell Clean Air License Plates to fund air quality programs 

(similar to “Save the Bay” tags). No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Electronic Tolling Expand interoperability of electronic tolling systems. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Appendix I - Page Number:

139
Control Vehicle Speeds: Automated Enforcement Automate speed enforcement and lower the speed limit to 55 

mph for heavy duty vehicles. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Control Vehicle Speeds: Lower Limits

Speed Limit Restriction: Regional speed limit of 55 mph on all 

roads which previously had posted speeds of greater than 55 

mph.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Manage Roadway Usage: Dedicated Bus Lanes Dedicate roadway lanes for use by buses. No Potential adverse 

impacts

Convenience Commercial Centers in Residential Areas Change zoning ordinances to allow neigborhood-serving retail 

establishments in residential areas. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Incentives for Mixed Use at Transit Centers Include incentives for mixed-use development at transit centers 

to reduce sprawl and VMT. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Infill Development Implement an infill development program throughout the 

Washington region. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Proximity Commute: Job Swap Encourage employees of the same firm to swap jobs, permitting 

each to work at a location closer to home. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Shorter Distance from Buildings to Bus Stops

For existing buildings, re-route traffic to allow buses to come 

closer to the building. For new buildings, alter setback 

requirements to allow closer bus access.

No No creditable 

emission reductions

Smart Growth and Infill Development Programs

Encourage development/redevelopment of land in designated 

growth areas, encouraging local governments to place greater 

emphasis on land development near transit stations.

No No creditable 

emission reductions

Telecommuting Centers and Telework Program Telecommuting centers, including marketing activity, consultant 

support, commuter and employer information and assistance. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Telecourses at Local Colleges and Universities Encourage local colleges and universities to offer telecourses to 

reduce vehicle trips. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Restrict Construction of New Parking Restrict construction of new parking at employment centers 

based on distance from transit and urban core. No No creditable 

emission reduction

ATM Machines Installed at Metro Stations Install ATMs near metro stations for rider convenience. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Automatic Bus Locator System

System would provide bus location information to transit 

dispatchers. This would decrease wait time and improve ontime arrival/departure.No No creditable 

emission reductions

Clean Commute/Try Transit Week Promotes use of alternative transportation, including transit, by 

daily commuters for one week per year. No No creditable 

emission reductions

College 33 Pass System

Expand Baltimore college bus fare program to DC area. 

Program allows students to receive reduced fares near 19 

participating schools in the region.

No Will not advance 

attainment date

Discount Multi-Trip Bus Fares Introduce discount programs reducing cost of multiple bus rides 

through purchase of pass books (e.g. 10-trip tickets). No Will not advance 

attainment date

Additional Transit Stores Establish additional stationary transit stores in the region. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Appendix I - Page Number:

140
Subsidize Transit Usage Expand MetroChek to all public sector employees No Will not advance 

attainment date

Expand Peak Period Metrorail Service Extend peak-period service on Metrorail so trains run more 

frequently between 6-11 am and 3-8 pm. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Expand VRE Train Service Expand VRE train service to include additional departures. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Express Buses From Outyling Areas Implement direct bus service from outlying Park & Ride lots and 

far suburbs to major work centers. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Flat Fare For All Transit Trips Single price all public transit services with free transfers all day, 

7 days per week. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Free Bus Service Off-Peak Institute free off-peak bus service from 10-2 on weekdays and 

all day on weekends. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Free bus-to-rail / rail-to-bus transfers Institute free bus-to-rail transfer similar to free rail-to-bus 

transfer currently in place. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Free Rail Use 10-3 Free Metrorail trips for all riders from 10AM-3PM on weekdays. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Free Transit Passes to Students Free transit passes for high school and college students, 

subsidized by schools or through student registration fee. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Half Price Fares on Feeder Bus Service All metro bus and local bus services to Metrorail and commuter 

rail stations reduce fares by half. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Increase Commuter Rail Frequency

Increase frequency of MARC service to every 15 minutes on 

Penn and Camden lines and every 10 min on the Brunswich 

line. Increase VRE frequency to every 15 minutes.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Metrorail Feeder Bus Service & Fare Buydown Improve Metrorail feeder bus service at underutilized park & 

ride lots, implement fare buydown program. No No creditable 

emission reduction

New MARC Coaches Purchase additional coaches for MARC to accommodate 

increased ridership. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

New Surface Parking at Transit Centers Add new parking spaces at transit centers (bus, Metrorail, 

MARC, VRE) parking lots. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Provide Additional Transit Service to Core Increase funding for transit services to expand core service. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Provide Additional Transit Service Access Increase funding for enhancing access to transit services. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Real-Time Bus Schedule Information Expand trials of real-time bus schedule information to local 

transit providers. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Reduce Parking Fees at Facilities Outside the Beltway Adjacent to 

Metro

Reduce parking fees at Metro parking facilities or county/city 

managed facilities outside of the Beltway that are located near 

Metro stations.

No No creditable 

emission reductions

Regional Bus Service Expansion Expansion of Metrobus and other regional bus services. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Support Rail to Dulles and BWI Airports Provide funding to expand metro rail services to Dulles and BWI 

airports. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Appendix I - Page Number:

141
Transit Prioritization -- Queue Jumps

Provide queue jumps for buses at over-capacity signalized 

intersections throughout the region. Queue jumps allow buses 

to use a shoulder or other designated lane to bypass 

intersection queues and move forward towards the stop line.

No No creditable 

emission reductions

Universal Transportation Access

SmarTrip card will allow users to pay fares on all rail and bus 

systems in the region (including parking in Metrorail lots) using 

one electronic card.

No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

WMATA Bus Information Displays with Maps

Install additional information boxes with maps and schedule 

information. Would include schedules in languages other than 

English in neighborhoods where most residents speak another 

language.

No No creditable 

emission reductions

Rush Hour Shift Shift Metrorail AM and PM rush hours to start 30 min earlier and 

end 30 min later. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Employer Metro Shuttle Bus Services Provide incentives for businesses to provide employee shuttle 

service to the nearest rail or transit stop. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Eliminate or Restrict Airport Parking Eliminate airport parking and replace with alternative fuel shuttle 

buses. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Bicycle Racks in DC Install bicycle racks at various locations throughout the region. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Bike Lockers at Metro Stations, Park & Ride Lots, Other Locations Expand existing bike lockers at Metrorail stations, install bicycle 

storage spaces in parking lots. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Bike Racks on Transit Buses Provide external bike racks on WMATA and other local transit 

buses. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Bike/Pedestrian Paths Fund construction of additional bicycle/pedestrian paths in the 

region. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Employers Provide Free Bicycles for Midday Use Require employers to provide one bicycle per 50 employees for 

mid-day business or personal use. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Bike to Work Day

Conduct a one-day bike to work event. Provide outreach 

activities, education on the bike-to-work option, and assistance 

in trying bike-to-work.

No No creditable 

emission reduction

Safe Routes to School Program Implement a safe pedestrian and bicycle routes to school 

program to reduce VMT. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Improvements to Bicycle and Pedestrian Access

Provide incentives to developments that speed improvements to 

bicycle/pedestrian access. This includes improvements to 

sidewalks, curb ramps, crosswalks, lighting, etc.

No No creditable 

emission reduction

4 Day Work Week/Flexible Work Schedules Encourage employers to adopt a shorter work week, with 

employees working 4 10-hour days. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Access to Jobs Program Identifies gaps in transit service between places of residence 

and places of work for low wage workers. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Mandatory Employee Commute Reduction Mandatory employer trip reduction to reduce employee vehicle 

trips. No Potential adverse 

impacts

Restrict Parking at Schools Restrict high school students from driving to and parking at high 

schools when bus service is available. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Student & staff based college & university rideshare programs Create rideshare program focused on students and staff at 

regional universities. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Vanpool Programs Create programs and incentives designed to increase the 

number of vanpools in the region. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Commuter Parking Tax Implement daily tax on employers or employees that match 

certain commuting/parking criteria. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Appendix I - Page Number:

142
Market Based Parking Charge at Federal Facilities Negotiate agreement with federal government to charge market 

rate for daily parking for all employees. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Parking Impact Fee: All Parking Levy annual impact fee on every parking space in 

nonattainment area. No

Will not provide 

reductions by May 

2008

Free Parking for Carpools/Vanpools Provide free reserved parking spaces for all carpools or 

vanpools. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Employer Parking Cash-Out

Implement program encouraging or requiring employers to 

provide the value of subsidized parking to employees who use 

alternative commute strategies.

No No creditable 

emission reductions

Remove Trash Trucks From Area Streets Reduce use of trash trucks through transport of trash by barge. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Clean Air Partners: Air Quality Action Days

Take a variety of actions on Air Quality Action Days to reduce 

emissions and improve air quality (free transit, telework, 

carpool).

No No creditable 

emission reductions

Clean Air Partners: Public Outreach and Education Implement Strategic Communication Campaigns to Increase 

Public Awareness (reduce vehicle use). No No creditable 

emission reductions

Local Government Education Campaign

Implement Strategic Communication Campaigns to Increase 

Local Government Air Quality Improvement Efforts (reduce 

vehicle use).

No No creditable 

emission reductions

Mass Marketing Campaign Marketing effort involving business-to-business advertising 

campaign in print media and on world wide web. No No creditable 

emission reduction

Commuter Choice - State & Local Government Employees Provide the region's local, state and municipal employees with 

transit benefits. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Commuter Choice Tax Credit Employers subsidize employees' monthly transit or vanpool 

costs and receive a tax credit for incurred expenses. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Commuter Operations Center Provides commuter assistance services, including carpool and 

vanpool ridematching. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Guaranteed Ride Home Provides free rides home in event of unexpected emergency or 

unscheduled overtime to commuters using public transport. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Integrated Rideshare Provides transit, park & ride, and telecenter information to all 

commuters on a matchlist. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Interactive Rideshare Kiosks Transportation Information Kiosks in Maryland, Virginia and the 

District of Columbia. No No creditable 

emission reductions

Appendix I - Page Number:

143
Quick Reference: CAL LEV Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Reductions from CAL LEV II will not be be available by May 2008.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Any regulation mandating carbon emission reductions would be controversial.

· Year of first benefits is 2010. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- CAL LEV II Standards

RACM Criterion Summary

Adopt CAL LEV II Standards, which will require increased zero 

emission vehicles with marginal VOC and CO2 reductions in 2010.

CAL LEV II Standards

Appendix I - Page Number:

144
Quick Reference: Remote Sensing Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland and the District.

Measure -- Expand Remote Sensing Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand the Adoption of a Remote Sensing Program to Maryland 

and the District of Columbia.

Expand Remote Sensing Program

· States require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance with a 

regulation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

145
Quick Reference: Corridors Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary Measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle. 

Measure -- OTC Corridor Strategy

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement truck stop electrification projects and Heavy-Duty 

Engine Engine Control Module (ECM) Recalibration (chip reflash) 

along the I-95 corridor.

OTC Corridor Strategy

· Consider mandatory chip reflash program. 

· Year of first benefits is 2009 if mandatory. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

146
Quick Reference: Low-emission Vehicle Purchases Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not enforceable

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

May be included in the voluntary bundle. 

· Voluntary Measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle. 

Measure -- Low-emission Vehicle Purchases

RACM Criterion Summary

Accelerate adoption of low-emission vehicles. Target a variety of 

fleet and vehicle types. 

Low-emission Vehicle Purchases

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. Not enforceable.

Appendix I - Page Number:

147
Quick Reference: Vol Diesel Retrofit Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

May be included in the voluntary bundle. 

· Voluntary Measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle. 

Measure -- Voluntary Diesel Retrofits

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement voluntary diesel retrofit programs. Target a variety of 

fleet and vehicle types.

Voluntary Diesel Retrofits

· Achieving NOx or VOC reductions through retrofits is expensive. 

Not RACM. Not enforceable.

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

148
Quick Reference: Mand Diesel Retrofit Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Any regulation mandating onroad diesel vehicle retrofits would be controversial.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Mandatory Diesel Retrofit Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Require retrofit of onroad diesel vehicles. Target a variety of fleet 

and vehicle types.

Mandatory Diesel Retrofit Program

Appendix I - Page Number:

149
Quick Reference: Hybrid Rebates Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Consider expanding program to cover clean diesel. 

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary Measure. May be included as part of the Innovative Measures Bundle. 

Measure -- Rebate for Purchase of Hybrid Vehicles

RACM Criterion Summary

Rebate for Purchase of Hybrid Vehicles Issue rebate for purchase and registration of hybrid vehicles.

Appendix I - Page Number:

150
Quick Reference: No Waivers Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Zero I/M waivers and exemptions

RACM Criterion Summary

Zero I/M waivers and exemptions Eliminate all waivers and exemptions in the I/M program.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

151
Quick Reference: Fleet ILEV Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Any regulation mandating fleet requirements would be controversial.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Fleet ILEV for light-duty gasoline vehicles

RACM Criterion Summary

Require fleets operating in nonattainment area to be comprised of 

a percentage of Inherently Low Emission Vehicles (ILEV).

Fleet ILEV for light-duty gasoline vehicles

Appendix I - Page Number:

152
Quick Reference: Upwind IM Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· This measure would require state-level regulation by Virginia or other upwind states.

Measure -- Expand I/M Requirements to Upwind Counties

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand I/M Requirements to Upwind Counties Expand Inspection and Maintenance Requirements.

· This would require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· If pursued, upwind sources would need to be added to the emissions inventory.

No. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

153
Quick Reference: No Idling Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· This measure would require either state-level regulation by Maryland, Virginia and 

the District.

Measure -- Control Vehicle Idling

RACM Criterion Summary

No Idling Rule – Restriction. Limits idling to 5 minutes for all noncommercial, consumer operated vehicles within the Washington 

NAA. Establish exemptions where required.

Control Vehicle Idling

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Regulations restricting automobile idling would be difficult to enforce. 

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Emission reductions may not be creditable. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

154
Quick Reference: Enforce Smoking Vehicles Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary Measure. 

Measure -- Enhanced Enforcement of Mobile Source Regulations

RACM Criterion Summary

Enhanced Enforcement of Mobile Source Regulations Increase smoking vehicle enforcement.

Appendix I - Page Number:

155
Quick Reference: Enforce Idling Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary Measure. 

Measure -- Enhanced Enforcement of Vehicle Idling

RACM Criterion Summary

Step-up enforcement of existing regulations to prevent extended 

vehicle idling.

Enhanced Enforcement of Vehicle Idling

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

156
Quick Reference: Enforce Speed Limits Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary Measure. 

Measure -- Enhanced Enforcement: Speed Limits

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase speed limit enforcement so that more vehicles are 

traveling at or below the posted limit.

Enhanced Enforcement: Speed Limits

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

157
Quick Reference: Vehicle Sharing Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary Measure. 

Measure -- Vehicle Share Programs

RACM Criterion Summary

Vehicle Share Programs Develop vehicle share programs.

Appendix I - Page Number:

158
Quick Reference: Onroad Smoke Test Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- On-road Heavy-Duty Diesel Smoke Testing and I/M Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement a smoke testing and/or Inspection/Maintenance 

Program for on-road heavy-duty diesel engines.

On-road Heavy-Duty Diesel Smoke Testing and I/M 

Program

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Heavy duty diesel smoke testing may not reduce NOx or VOC emissions.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

159
Quick Reference: Tour Bus Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary Measure. 

Measure -- Control Bus Emissions

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Bus Emissions Provide electrified parking spaces or APUs for tour buses. 

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

160
Quick Reference: Delivery Trucks Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Large fleet operators in the region participate in EPA's Smartway Program. 

Companies also have anti-idling policies. 

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

· Voluntary Measure. 

Measure -- Control Delivery Truck Emissions

RACM Criterion Summary

Control Delivery Truck Emissions Establish voluntary emission reduction program with delivery fleets.

Appendix I - Page Number:

161
Quick Reference: Vehicle Replace Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not economically feasible

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Voluntary Measure. 

Measure -- "Cash for Clunkers" On-Road Vehicles

RACM Criterion Summary

Fund voluntary program paying vehicle owners to turn in old 

vehicles for scrappage. 

"Cash for Clunkers" On-Road Vehicles

· Year of first benefits is 2006. 

Not RACM. Not economically feasible.

Appendix I - Page Number:

162
Quick Reference: Odometer Tax Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Annual Gasoline Vehicle Pollution Fee

RACM Criterion Summary

Levy an annual fee on petroleum-powered vehicles based on 

mileage driven and emission rates (odometer tax).

Annual Gasoline Vehicle Pollution Fee

Appendix I - Page Number:

163
Quick Reference: Car Tax Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Graduated Car Tax

RACM Criterion Summary

Charge higher car tax under a variety of different scenarios, 

including multiple cars and petroleum-based vehicles.

Graduated Car Tax

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

164
Quick Reference: VMT Insurance Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Pay-as-you-drive auto insurance ($/gal)

RACM Criterion Summary

Offer auto insurance rates linked to number of gallons of fuel 

consumed by vehicle.

Pay-as-you-drive auto insurance ($/gal)

Appendix I - Page Number:

165
Quick Reference: Product VOC Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable -

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Control VOC Content of Automotive Products

RACM Criterion Summary

Windshield Wiper Fluid – lower VOC. Establish evaporative 

standards that are lower than those set by the EPA – 35 weightpercent VOC.

Control VOC Content of Automotive Products

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

166
Quick Reference: Gas Retrofits Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Gasoline Engine Retrofit Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Retrofit with 3-way catalysts on gasoline-burning heavy duty trucks 

that currently have 2-way catalysts or no catalysts.

Gasoline Engine Retrofit Program

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

167
Quick Reference: Motorcycle IM Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Motorcycle I/M Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Motorcycle I/M Program End the motorcycle smog check exemption.

Appendix I - Page Number:

168
Quick Reference: Gas Caps Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- "Cash for Clunkers" Gas Caps Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Provide free replacement gas caps to light- and medium-duty 

vehicle owners.

"Cash for Clunkers" Gas Caps Program

· A gas cap program may be implemented under EPA's Mobile Source Air Toxics 

(MSAT) Rule.

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

169
Quick Reference: Mobile Miti Fees Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Mobile Source Mitigation Fees

RACM Criterion Summary

Mobile Source Mitigation Fees Establish mobile sector mitigation fees

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

170
Quick Reference: Electric Vehicle Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not enforceable

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Electric Vehicle Tax Incentives

RACM Criterion Summary

Electric Vehicle Tax Incentives Establish incentives to purchase electric vehicles. 

Not RACM. Not enforceable.

Appendix I - Page Number:

171
Quick Reference: TSE Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Truck Idling Reduction: Truck Stop Electrification (TSE)

RACM Criterion Summary

Truck Idling Reduction: Truck Stop Electrification (TSE) Implement projects to electrify truck stops.

Appendix I - Page Number:

172
Quick Reference: Truck APU Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Truck Idling Reduction: Auxilliary Power Units (APU)

RACM Criterion Summary

Truck Idling Reduction: Auxilliary Power Units (APU) Increase market penetration of APUs to reduce truck idling.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

173
Quick Reference: Truck Efficiency Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Improve Truck Fleet Fuel Economy

RACM Criterion Summary

Encourage adoption of technologies that increase truck fleet fuel 

economy.

Improve Truck Fleet Fuel Economy

Appendix I - Page Number:

174
Quick Reference: Intermodal Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Increase Intermodal Transport

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase Intermodal Transport Increase use of intermodal options for transporting goods.

Appendix I - Page Number:

175
Quick Reference: Chip Reflash Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Program would only correct issues with compliance with existing programs. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory or Voluntary Program. Mandatory measure would require state-level 

legislation or regulation by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Control Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

RACM Criterion Summary

Heavy-duty engine Engine Control Module (ECM) recalibration 

(chip reflash).

Control Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

Appendix I - Page Number:

176
Quick Reference: Community Inspect Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Diesel I/M Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Diesel I/M Program Perform community-based inspections of trucks and buses.

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

177
Quick Reference: Restricted Zones Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Mandatory Program. Would require complex negotiation between various 

stakeholders and authorities having jurisdiction.

Measure -- Establish Restricted Zones in Downtown Areas and Transit Centers

RACM Criterion Summary

Restrict private vehicle use in certain areas during business hours, 

encouraging pedestrian, bicycle, and transit use.

Establish Restricted Zones in Downtown Areas and 

Transit Centers

Appendix I - Page Number:

178
Quick Reference: Onroad biodiesel Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Biodiesel Fuel

RACM Criterion Summary

Biodiesel Fuel Expand use of biodiesel fuel for on-road vehicles.

· Potential NOx disbenefit.

· Year of first benefits is 2007. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

179
Quick Reference: CARB Diesel Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Limited benefit once ULSD is available.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- CARB Diesel Fuel

RACM Criterion Summary

CARB Diesel Fuel Implement CARB diesel fuel standards.

Appendix I - Page Number:

180
Quick Reference: Onroad cetane Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- High Cetane Fuel

RACM Criterion Summary

High Cetane Fuel Require high-Cetane diesel fuel for on-road vehicles.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

181
Quick Reference: Low Nox Onroad Fuel Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Mandating fuel additives may be challenging to implement. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Low-NOx Diesel Fuel

RACM Criterion Summary

Require regional use of low-NOx fuel additives for on-road diesel 

vehicles

Low-NOx Diesel Fuel

Appendix I - Page Number:

182
Quick Reference: Emulsified Diesel Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Not enforceable

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Fuel Additives to Reduce Emissions

RACM Criterion Summary

Fuel Additives to Reduce Emissions Use emulsified diesel fuel in diesel-burning heavy duty vehicles.

Not RACM. Not enforceable.

Appendix I - Page Number:

183
Quick Reference: Onroad Gas Tax Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Gas Tax Increase

RACM Criterion Summary

Gas Tax Increase Implement a fuel tax on on-road gasoline.

Appendix I - Page Number:

184
Quick Reference: Onroad Diesel Tax Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Diesel Tax Increase

RACM Criterion Summary

Diesel Tax Increase Implement a fuel tax on on-road diesel.

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

185
Quick Reference: Expand HOV Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable -

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Adding significant new HOV lane capacity to the region's transportation network may 

not be possible by May 2008. 

Measure -- Expand HOV Network on the Freeway System

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand HOV Network on the Freeway System Construct additional HOV lanes on regional freeways.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

186
Quick Reference: Traffic Management Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Adding significant new travel information systems to the region may not be possible 

by May 2008. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· This program is already in place as a TERM. No creditable emission reduction.

Measure -- Manage Roadway Usage: Traffic Incident Management

RACM Criterion Summary

Regional Travel Information System/Driver Assistance. Enhance 

real time traffic information to allow drivers to make better 

decisions about when and where to travel. 

Manage Roadway Usage: Traffic Incident Management

Appendix I - Page Number:

187
Quick Reference: Rotary Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Not all intersections are candidates for lesser controls. May not be able to remove 

controls for safety and liability. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Adding significant new rotary capacity to the region's transportation network may not 

be possible by May 2008. 

Measure -- Replace Traffic Signals with Lesser Controls

RACM Criterion Summary

Replace Traffic Signals with Lesser Controls Install roundabouts in place of signals at low volume intersections.

Appendix I - Page Number:

188
Quick Reference: Flashing Signals Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Signals to Flashing Yellow 12am-5am

RACM Criterion Summary

From midnight until 5am, set intersection signals to flashing yellow 

in predominant direction and flashing red in minor direction for all 

low volume intersections where safety permits.

Signals to Flashing Yellow 12am-5am

· Setting signals to flashing yellow is already in place at many intersections in the 

region.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

189
Quick Reference: Signal Optimization Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Program currently underway in the region.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Traffic Signal Optimization

RACM Criterion Summary

Regularly optimize traffic signals to reduce idling and low-speed 

emissions.

Traffic Signal Optimization

Appendix I - Page Number:

190
Quick Reference: Park and Ride Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Additional park and ride lots are currently being constructed. 

Measure -- Build Park & Ride Lots at Major Intersections of Commuter Highways

RACM Criterion Summary

Build Park & Ride Lots at Major Intersections of Construct new park & ride commuter lots along HOV facilities.

Commuter Highways

· Emission reductions from this measure may be de minimis . 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

191
Quick Reference: Ramp Meter Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· May cause traffic congestion on local streets. Limited air quality benefit.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Adding significant ramp metering capabilities to the region's transportation network 

may not be possible by May 2008. 

Measure -- Extend Ramp Metering

RACM Criterion Summary

Install signals to control flow of vehicles at selected freeway ramp 

entrances to maintain level of service.

Extend Ramp Metering

Appendix I - Page Number:

192
Quick Reference: Right on Red Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already underway in the region.

Measure -- Permit Right Turn on Red

RACM Criterion Summary

Reduce vehicle idling time by permitting right turn on red, where 

safety allows.

Permit Right Turn on Red

· Potential emission reductions may be de minimis . 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

193
Quick Reference: No Drive Days Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Manage Roadway Usage: No Drive Days

RACM Criterion Summary

Odd/Even License Plate no Drive Days. Prohibit drivers from 

traveling during certain periods, based on vehicle tags or other 

easily identifiable criteria. Can be a permanent or episodic control.

Manage Roadway Usage: No Drive Days

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Potential adverse impacts. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

194
Quick Reference: Congest Pricing Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Potential adverse impacts if converting existing lanes to toll. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is unknown.

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District. Federal approval may also be required.

Measure -- Congestion Pricing on Low Occupancy Vehicles

RACM Criterion Summary

Impose a fee on vehicles containing two or fewer persons that use 

designated roadways, tunnels, and bridges during the peak AM 

periods.

Congestion Pricing on Low Occupancy Vehicles

Appendix I - Page Number:

195
Quick Reference: Value Pricing Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Green Curb Initiative

RACM Criterion Summary

Restricted Access/ “Green Curb”. Differential fees and access 

permits applied during periods of high congestion. Target 

delivery/loading zones and carpool/vanpool pickup areas.

Green Curb Initiative

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Potential adverse impacts. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

196
Quick Reference: Entry Fees Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts -

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Potential adverse impacts. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level legislation or regulation 

by Maryland, Virginia and the District. Congressional approval is needed for projects 

in the District.

Measure -- Area Pricing: Entry Fees

RACM Criterion Summary

Area Pricing: Entry Fees Collect fees from drivers to enter a pre-defined area.

Appendix I - Page Number:

197
Quick Reference: CMAQ Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with a regulation.

· Program may already be required under recent federal guidance. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits depends on project. 

· Mandatory Program: This measure would require state-level regulation or policy by 

Maryland, Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Transportation Funding Initiatives

RACM Criterion Summary

Require that Congestion Mitigation Air Quality (CMAQ) funds be 

used only for projects that improve air quality.

Transportation Funding Initiatives

Appendix I - Page Number:

198
Quick Reference: Clean Air Fund Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible Yes

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure. Organizations can petition DMV for new plates.

Measure -- Establish Clean Air Fund

RACM Criterion Summary

Sell Clean Air License Plates to fund air quality programs (similar 

to “Save the Bay” tags).

Establish Clean Air Fund

· May require state legislation.

· Year of first benefits is not known. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

199
Quick Reference: Electronic Tolling Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· This measures is already in-place. 

Measure -- Electronic Tolling

RACM Criterion Summary

Electronic Tolling Expand interoperability of electronic tolling systems.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

200
Quick Reference: Auto Enforce Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefits is not known. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Measure will require legislation.

Measure -- Control Vehicle Speeds: Automated Enforcement

RACM Criterion Summary

Automate speed enforcement and lower the speed limit to 55 mph 

for heavy duty vehicles.

Control Vehicle Speeds: Automated Enforcement

Appendix I - Page Number:

201
Quick Reference: Lower Limits Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· This measure would require state-level legislation by Maryland, Virginia and the 

District.

Measure -- Control Vehicle Speeds: Lower Limits

RACM Criterion Summary

Speed Limit Restriction: Regional speed limit of 55 mph on all 

roads which previously had posted speeds of greater than 55 mph.

Control Vehicle Speeds: Lower Limits

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with new legislation.

· Meaures may involve increased costs for enforcement. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is not known. 

Appendix I - Page Number:

202
Quick Reference: Dedicated Bus Lanes Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Potential adverse impacts

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potenital adverse impacts if existing lanes are converted. 

Not RACM. Potential adverse impacts.

· Year of first benefits is not known. 

Measure -- Manage Roadway Usage: Dedicated Bus Lanes

RACM Criterion Summary

Manage Roadway Usage: Dedicated Bus Lanes Dedicate roadway lanes for use by buses.

Appendix I - Page Number:

203
Quick Reference: Commercial Convenience Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Adding significant new commercial convenience centers to the region's land use 

plans may not be possible by May 2008. 

Measure -- Convenience Commercial Centers in Residential Areas

RACM Criterion Summary

Change zoning ordinances to allow neigborhood-serving retail 

establishments in residential areas.

Convenience Commercial Centers in Residential Areas

Appendix I - Page Number:

204
Quick Reference: Mixed Use Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already in place at a number of locations in the region. Adding 

significant new incentives to the region's land use plans may not be possible by May 

2008. 

Measure -- Incentives for Mixed Use at Transit Centers

RACM Criterion Summary

Include incentives for mixed-use development at transit centers to 

reduce sprawl and VMT.

Incentives for Mixed Use at Transit Centers

· Reductions could be greater than 0.1 tpd if benefits from different projects are 

combined. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

205
Quick Reference: Infill Development Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Measure is already in place at a number of locations in the region. Adding 

significant new infill developments to the region's land use plans may not be possible 

by May 2008. 

Measure -- Infill Development

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement an infill development program throughout the 

Washington region.

Infill Development

Appendix I - Page Number:

206
Quick Reference: Proximity Commute Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Proximity Commute: Job Swap

RACM Criterion Summary

Encourage employees of the same firm to swap jobs, permitting 

each to work at a location closer to home.

Proximity Commute: Job Swap

Appendix I - Page Number:

207
Quick Reference: Bus Stop Access Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Shorter Distance from Buildings to Bus Stops

RACM Criterion Summary

For existing buildings, re-route traffic to allow buses to come closer 

to the building. For new buildings, alter setback requirements to 

allow closer bus access.

Shorter Distance from Buildings to Bus Stops

· Measure would require changes in land use and zoning. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

208
Quick Reference: Smart Growth Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already in place at a number of locations in the region. Adding 

significant new smart growth developments to the region's land use plans may not be 

possible by May 2008. 

Measure -- Smart Growth and Infill Development Programs

RACM Criterion Summary

Encourage development/redevelopment of land in designated 

growth areas, encouraging local governments to place greater 

emphasis on land development near transit stations.

Smart Growth and Infill Development Programs

Appendix I - Page Number:

209
Quick Reference: Telecommute Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measures is already in place in the region. 

Measure -- Telecommuting Centers and Telework Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Telecommuting centers, including marketing activity, consultant 

support, commuter and employer information and assistance.

Telecommuting Centers and Telework Program

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

210
Quick Reference: Telecourse Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure. Measures already being done in some instances.

Measure -- Telecourses at Local Colleges and Universities

RACM Criterion Summary

Encourage local colleges and universities to offer telecourses to 

reduce vehicle trips.

Telecourses at Local Colleges and Universities

Appendix I - Page Number:

211
Quick Reference: Restrict New Parking Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable Yes

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure already in place in some jurisditions.

· Potential adverse impacts. 

Not RACM. Potential adverse impacts.

· Year of first benefits is not known. Timing will vary by jurisdiction.

· Mandatory Program. Process will vary by jurisdiction.

Measure -- Restrict Construction of New Parking 

RACM Criterion Summary

Restrict construction of new parking at employment centers based 

on distance from transit and urban core.

Restrict Construction of New Parking 

Appendix I - Page Number:

212
Quick Reference: Metro ATM Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Measure is already in place.

Measure -- ATM Machines Installed at Metro Stations

RACM Criterion Summary

ATM Machines Installed at Metro Stations Install ATMs near metro stations for rider convenience.

Appendix I - Page Number:

213
Quick Reference: Bus Locator Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Automatic Bus Locator System

RACM Criterion Summary

System would provide bus location information to transit 

dispatchers. This would decrease wait time and improve on-time 

arrival/departure.

Automatic Bus Locator System

Appendix I - Page Number:

214
Quick Reference: Clean Commute Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Clean Commute/Try Transit Week

RACM Criterion Summary

Promotes use of alternative transportation, including transit, by 

daily commuters for one week per year.

Clean Commute/Try Transit Week

Appendix I - Page Number:

215
Quick Reference: Transit Stores Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already in place.

Measure -- Additional Transit Stores

RACM Criterion Summary

Additional Transit Stores Establish additional stationary transit stores in the region.

· Potential for expansion as a voluntary measure.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

216
Quick Reference: Expand Peak Transit Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Expand Peak Period Metrorail Service

RACM Criterion Summary

Extend peak-period service on Metrorail so trains run more 

frequently between 6-11 am and 3-8 pm.

Expand Peak Period Metrorail Service

· Significant new capital expenditures would be required. 

· Year of first benefit is not known. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

217
Quick Reference: Expand VRE Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Expand VRE Train Service

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand VRE Train Service Expand VRE train service to include additional departures.

Appendix I - Page Number:

218
Quick Reference: Express Bus Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already in place. Additional bus service can be added as demand arises. 

Measure -- Express Buses From Outyling Areas

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement direct bus service from outlying Park & Ride lots and far 

suburbs to major work centers.

Express Buses From Outyling Areas

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction.

Appendix I - Page Number:

219
Quick Reference: Subsidize Transit Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Not RACM. WIll not advance attainment date.

· Measure already in-place. Not economically viable in all locations, especially outer 

suburbs which lack sufficient transit infrastructure.

Measure -- Subsidize Transit Usage

RACM Criterion Summary

Subsidize Transit Usage Expand MetroChek to all public sector employees

Appendix I - Page Number:

220
Quick Reference: Discounted Fares Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already in place.

Measure -- Discount Multi-Trip Bus Fares

RACM Criterion Summary

Introduce discount programs reducing cost of multiple bus rides 

through purchase of pass books (e.g. 10-trip tickets).

Discount Multi-Trip Bus Fares

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

221
Quick Reference: College Pass Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not advance attainment date

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- College 33 Pass System

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand Baltimore college bus fare program to DC area. Program 

allows students to receive reduced fares near 19 participating 

schools in the region.

College 33 Pass System

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

222
Quick Reference: Flat Fares Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Flat Fare For All Transit Trips

RACM Criterion Summary

Single price all public transit services with free transfers all day, 7 

days per week.

Flat Fare For All Transit Trips

·Year of first benefits is not known.

· May not be possible to implement by May 2008 due to complexity and cost 

obstacles.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Need large scale effort to generate emission reductions that exceed the de minimis 

threshold.

Appendix I - Page Number:

223
Quick Reference: Free Offpeak Bus Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Free Bus Service Off-Peak

RACM Criterion Summary

Institute free off-peak bus service from 10-2 on weekdays and all 

day on weekends.

Free Bus Service Off-Peak

Appendix I - Page Number:

224
Quick Reference: Free Offpeak Rail Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Free Rail Use 10-3

RACM Criterion Summary

Free Rail Use 10-3 Free Metrorail trips for all riders from 10AM-3PM on weekdays.

Appendix I - Page Number:

225
Quick Reference: Free Transit Transfer Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Free bus-to-rail / rail-to-bus transfers

RACM Criterion Summary

Institute free bus-to-rail transfer similar to free rail-to-bus transfer 

currently in place.

Free bus-to-rail / rail-to-bus transfers

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

226
Quick Reference: Free Student Pass Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Free Transit Passes to Students

RACM Criterion Summary

Free transit passes for high school and college students, 

subsidized by schools or through student registration fee.

Free Transit Passes to Students

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

227
Quick Reference: Half Price Feeder Bus Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Half Price Fares on Feeder Bus Service

RACM Criterion Summary

All metro bus and local bus services to Metrorail and commuter rail 

stations reduce fares by half.

Half Price Fares on Feeder Bus Service

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

228
Quick Reference: Rail Frequency Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Must address issues of track usage by freight and commuter lines. 

Measure -- Increase Commuter Rail Frequency

RACM Criterion Summary

Increase frequency of MARC service to every 15 minutes on Penn 

and Camden lines and every 10 min on the Brunswich line. 

Increase VRE frequency to every 15 minutes.

Increase Commuter Rail Frequency

Appendix I - Page Number:

229
Quick Reference: Fare Buydown Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Existing programs in the region have not served to increase transit ridership. 

Measure -- Metrorail Feeder Bus Service & Fare Buydown

RACM Criterion Summary

Improve Metrorail feeder bus service at underutilized park & ride 

lots, implement fare buydown program.

Metrorail Feeder Bus Service & Fare Buydown

Appendix I - Page Number:

230
Quick Reference: MARC Coaches Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefit is not known. 

Measure -- New MARC Coaches

RACM Criterion Summary

Purchase additional coaches for MARC to accommodate increased 

ridership.

New MARC Coaches

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

231
Quick Reference: Transit Parking Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already being done where feasible. Acquisition of new land for parking is 

major hurdle. Adding significant new transit parking capacity to the region's transit 

system may not be possible by May 2008. 

Measure -- New Surface Parking at Transit Centers

RACM Criterion Summary

Add new parking spaces at transit centers (bus, Metrorail, MARC, 

VRE) parking lots.

New Surface Parking at Transit Centers

Appendix I - Page Number:

232
Quick Reference: Expand Core Service Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Measure -- Provide Additional Transit Service to Core

RACM Criterion Summary

Provide Additional Transit Service to Core Increase funding for transit services to expand core service.

· Significant new capital expenditures would be required. 

· Year of first benefit is not known. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

233
Quick Reference: Transit Access Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Emission reductions from measure are not expected to be above the de minimis 

threshold. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Measure already being implemented where feasible.

Measure -- Provide Additional Transit Service Access

RACM Criterion Summary

Provide Additional Transit Service Access Increase funding for enhancing access to transit services.

Appendix I - Page Number:

234
Quick Reference: Real time Schedule Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Emission reductions from measure are not expected to be above the de minimis 

threshold. 

Measure -- Real-Time Bus Schedule Information

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand trials of real-time bus schedule information to local transit 

providers.

Real-Time Bus Schedule Information

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

235
Quick Reference: Reduced Parking Fees Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· There may not be underutilized transit parking facilities in the region.

Measure -- Reduce Parking Fees at Facilities Outside the Beltway Adjacent to Metro

RACM Criterion Summary

Reduce parking fees at Metro parking facilities or county/city 

managed facilities outside of the Beltway that are located near 

Metro stations.

Reduce Parking Fees at Facilities Outside the Beltway 

Adjacent to Metro

· Emission reductions from measure are not expected to be above the de minimis 

threshold. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

236
Quick Reference: Bus Expansion Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure already being implemented in the region. Rapid expansion of the measure 

is challenging due to cost constraints.

Measure -- Regional Bus Service Expansion

RACM Criterion Summary

Regional Bus Service Expansion Expansion of Metrobus and other regional bus services.

· Year of first benefit is not known. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

237
Quick Reference: Rail to Dulles Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefit is not known. 

Measure -- Support Rail to Dulles and BWI Airports

RACM Criterion Summary

Provide funding to expand metro rail services to Dulles and BWI 

airports.

Support Rail to Dulles and BWI Airports

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

238
Quick Reference: Queue Jumps Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Emission reductions from measure are not expected to be above the de minimis 

threshold. 

Measure -- Transit Prioritization -- Queue Jumps

RACM Criterion Summary

Provide queue jumps for buses at over-capacity signalized 

intersections throughout the region. Queue jumps allow buses to 

use a shoulder or other designated lane to bypass intersection 

queues and move forward towards the stop line.

Transit Prioritization -- Queue Jumps

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

239
Quick Reference: Universal Access Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Need large scale effort to generate emission reductions that exceed the de minimis 

threshold.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· May not be possible to implement full program by May 2008 due to complexity and 

cost obstacles.

· Potential voluntary measure. Measure already being implemented in certain 

instances.

Measure -- Universal Transportation Access

RACM Criterion Summary

SmarTrip card will allow users to pay fares on all rail and bus 

systems in the region (including parking in Metrorail lots) using one 

electronic card.

Universal Transportation Access

Appendix I - Page Number:

240
Quick Reference: WMATA Maps Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Measure is already being implemented in the DC region.

Measure -- WMATA Bus Information Displays with Maps

RACM Criterion Summary

Install additional information boxes with maps and schedule 

information. Would include schedules in languages other than 

English in neighborhoods where most residents speak another 

language.

WMATA Bus Information Displays with Maps

Appendix I - Page Number:

241
Quick Reference: Rush Hour Shift Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Rush Hour Shift

RACM Criterion Summary

Shift Metrorail AM and PM rush hours to start 30 min earlier and 

end 30 min later.

Rush Hour Shift

Appendix I - Page Number:

242
Quick Reference: Employer Shuttles Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already being implemented in the region. 

Measure -- Employer Metro Shuttle Bus Services

RACM Criterion Summary

Provide incentives for businesses to provide employee shuttle 

service to the nearest rail or transit stop.

Employer Metro Shuttle Bus Services

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

243
Quick Reference: Restrict Airport Parking Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Year of first benefits is not known. 

Measure -- Eliminate or Restrict Airport Parking

RACM Criterion Summary

Eliminate airport parking and replace with alternative fuel shuttle 

buses.

Eliminate or Restrict Airport Parking

· Potential adverse impacts.

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008. Potential adverse impacts.

Appendix I - Page Number:

244
Quick Reference: Bus Bike Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already being implemented in the region. 

Measure -- Bike Racks on Transit Buses

RACM Criterion Summary

Provide external bike racks on WMATA and other local transit 

buses.

Bike Racks on Transit Buses

· Emission reductions from measure are not expected to be above the de minimis 

threshold. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

245
Quick Reference: Bike Lockers Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Emission reductions from measure are not expected to be above the de minimis 

threshold. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Measure is already being implemented in the region. 

Measure -- Bike Lockers at Metro Stations, Park & Ride Lots, Other Locations

RACM Criterion Summary

Expand existing bike lockers at Metrorail stations, install bicycle 

storage spaces in parking lots.

Bike Lockers at Metro Stations, Park & Ride Lots, Other 

Locations

Appendix I - Page Number:

246
Quick Reference: Bike Racks Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already being implemented in the region. 

Measure -- Bicycle Racks in DC

RACM Criterion Summary

Bicycle Racks in DC Install bicycle racks at various locations throughout the region.

· Emission reductions from measure are not expected to be above the de minimis 

threshold. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

247
Quick Reference: Bike Ped Paths Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Emission reductions from measure are not expected to be above the de minimis 

threshold. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Measure is already being implemented in the region. 

Measure -- Bike/Pedestrian Paths

RACM Criterion Summary

Fund construction of additional bicycle/pedestrian paths in the 

region.

Bike/Pedestrian Paths

Appendix I - Page Number:

248
Quick Reference: Free Bike Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Measure is already being implemented in the region. 

Measure -- Employers Provide Free Bicycles for Midday Use

RACM Criterion Summary

Require employers to provide one bicycle per 50 employees for 

mid-day business or personal use.

Employers Provide Free Bicycles for Midday Use

· Emission reductions from measure are not expected to be above the de minimis 

threshold. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

249
Quick Reference: Bike to Work Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Emission reductions from measure are not expected to be above the de minimis 

threshold. 

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Measure is already being implemented in the region. 

Measure -- Bike to Work Day

RACM Criterion Summary

Conduct a one-day bike to work event. Provide outreach activities, 

education on the bike-to-work option, and assistance in trying biketo-work.

Bike to Work Day

Appendix I - Page Number:

250
Quick Reference: Safe Routes Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Safe Routes to School Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement a safe pedestrian and bicycle routes to school program 

to reduce VMT.

Safe Routes to School Program

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

251
Quick Reference: Improve Access Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Improvements to Bicycle and Pedestrian Access

RACM Criterion Summary

Provide incentives to developments that speed improvements to 

bicycle/pedestrian access. This includes improvements to 

sidewalks, curb ramps, crosswalks, lighting, etc.

Improvements to Bicycle and Pedestrian Access

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

252
Quick Reference: Flex Work Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure. Measure already being implemented in the region.

Measure -- 4 Day Work Week/Flexible Work Schedules

RACM Criterion Summary

Encourage employers to adopt a shorter work week, with 

employees working 4 10-hour days.

4 Day Work Week/Flexible Work Schedules

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

253
Quick Reference: Access to Jobs Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Access to Jobs Program

RACM Criterion Summary

Identifies gaps in transit service between places of residence and 

places of work for low wage workers.

Access to Jobs Program

Appendix I - Page Number:

254
Quick Reference: Mand Commute Reduction Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Potential adverse impacts

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential adverse impacts. 

Not RACM. Potential adverse impacts. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

· Mandatory Program.

Measure -- Mandatory Employee Commute Reduction

RACM Criterion Summary

Mandatory employer trip reduction to reduce employee vehicle 

trips.

Mandatory Employee Commute Reduction

Appendix I - Page Number:

255
Quick Reference: Restrict School Parking Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential adverse impacts.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reduction. Not enforceable. Potential adverse impacts.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Restrict Parking at Schools

RACM Criterion Summary

Restrict high school students from driving to and parking at high 

schools when bus service is available.

Restrict Parking at Schools

Appendix I - Page Number:

256
Quick Reference: College Rideshare Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd No

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Student & staff based college & university rideshare programs

RACM Criterion Summary

Create rideshare program focused on students and staff at regional 

universities.

Student & staff based college & university rideshare 

programs

Appendix I - Page Number:

257
Quick Reference: Vanpool Programs Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable -

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd Yes

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure for expansion.

Measure -- Vanpool Programs

RACM Criterion Summary

Create programs and incentives designed to increase the number 

of vanpools in the region.

Vanpool Programs

· Measure is being implemented in the region. May need to address implementation 

issues. .

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

258
Quick Reference: Commuter Parking Tax Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Mandatory Measure: This measure would require state-level legislation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Commuter Parking Tax

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement daily tax on employers or employees that match certain 

commuting/parking criteria.

Commuter Parking Tax

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with new legislation.

· Year of first benefits is 2009. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

Appendix I - Page Number:

259
Quick Reference: Federal Parking Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Market Based Parking Charge at Federal Facilities

RACM Criterion Summary

Negotiate agreement with federal government to charge market 

rate for daily parking for all employees.

Market Based Parking Charge at Federal Facilities

Appendix I - Page Number:

260
Quick Reference: Parking Fee Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: Will not provide reductions by May 2008

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 No

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· All three states require well over 12 months to develop, pass and require compliance 

with new legislation.

· Year of first benefits is not known. 

Not RACM. Will not provide reductions by May 2008.

· Mandatory Measure: This measure would require state-level legislation by Maryland, 

Virginia and the District.

Measure -- Parking Impact Fee: All Parking

RACM Criterion Summary

Levy annual impact fee on every parking space in nonattainment 

area.

Parking Impact Fee: All Parking

Appendix I - Page Number:

261
Quick Reference: Carpool Parking Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible No

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Free Parking for Carpools/Vanpools

RACM Criterion Summary

Free Parking for Carpools/Vanpools Provide free reserved parking spaces for all carpools or vanpools.

Appendix I - Page Number:

262
Quick Reference: Parking Cashout Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts No

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Employer Parking Cash-Out

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement program encouraging or requiring employers to provide 

the value of subsidized parking to employees who use alternative 

commute strategies.

Employer Parking Cash-Out

· Potential adverse impacts.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

263
Quick Reference: Barge Trash Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 -

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible -

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Remove Trash Trucks From Area Streets

RACM Criterion Summary

Remove Trash Trucks From Area Streets Reduce use of trash trucks through transport of trash by barge.

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

264
Quick Reference: Air Quality Action Days Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

This is an episodic measure.

Measure -- Clean Air Partners: Air Quality Action Days

RACM Criterion Summary

Take a variety of actions on Air Quality Action Days to reduce 

emissions and improve air quality (free transit, telework, carpool).

Clean Air Partners: Air Quality Action Days

Appendix I - Page Number:

265
Quick Reference: Clean Air Partners Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Existing voluntary measure.

Measure -- Clean Air Partners: Public Outreach and Education

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement Strategic Communication Campaigns to Increase Public 

Awareness (reduce vehicle use).

Clean Air Partners: Public Outreach and Education

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

266
Quick Reference: Government Education Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Local Government Education Campaign

RACM Criterion Summary

Implement Strategic Communication Campaigns to Increase Local 

Government Air Quality Improvement Efforts (reduce vehicle use).

Local Government Education Campaign

Appendix I - Page Number:

267
Quick Reference: Mass Marketing Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reduction

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Mass Marketing Campaign

RACM Criterion Summary

Marketing effort involving business-to-business advertising 

campaign in print media and on world wide web. 

Mass Marketing Campaign

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

268
Quick Reference: Commuter Choice Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Measure -- Commuter Choice - State & Local Government Employees

RACM Criterion Summary

Provide the region's local, state and municipal employees with 

transit benefits.

Commuter Choice - State & Local Government 

Employees

Appendix I - Page Number:

269
Quick Reference: Comm Choice Tax Credit Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Potential voluntary measure.

Measure -- Commuter Choice Tax Credit

RACM Criterion Summary

Employers subsidize employees' monthly transit or vanpool costs 

and receive a tax credit for incurred expenses.

Commuter Choice Tax Credit

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

270
Quick Reference: Commuter Operations Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Existing voluntary measure.

Measure -- Commuter Operations Center

RACM Criterion Summary

Provides commuter assistance services, including carpool and 

vanpool ridematching.

Commuter Operations Center

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

271
Quick Reference: Ride Home Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Existing voluntary measure.

Measure -- Guaranteed Ride Home

RACM Criterion Summary

Provides free rides home in event of unexpected emergency or 

unscheduled overtime to commuters using public transport.

Guaranteed Ride Home

Appendix I - Page Number:

272
Quick Reference: Rideshare Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

· Existing voluntary measure.

Measure -- Integrated Rideshare

RACM Criterion Summary

Provides transit, park & ride, and telecenter information to all 

commuters on a matchlist.

Integrated Rideshare

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

Appendix I - Page Number:

273
Quick Reference: Kiosks Description:

Measure Name:

RACM Determination: No

Reason: No creditable emission reductions

Issues

Implementation by May 2008 Yes

Enforceable No

Technologically Feasible Yes

Economically Feasible -

No Adverse Impacts Yes

Reductions >0.1 tpd -

Estimated Cost Effectiveness

Estimated Reductions

Summary Analysis

Not RACM. No creditable emission reductions.

· Existing voluntary measure.

Measure -- Interactive Rideshare Kiosks

RACM Criterion Summary

Transportation Information Kiosks in Maryland, Virginia and the 

District of Columbia.

Interactive Rideshare Kiosks

Appendix I - Page Number:

274